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With Portraits. Dim Quixote, Life and Adventures of. By Cervantes. ' With illustrations. Bedford Street, Strand, THE BASED ON THE LABOURS OF WORCESTER, RICHARDSON, 'WEBSTER. OOODRICH, JOHNSON, WALKER, CRAIG, OGILVIE, TRENCH, AND OTHER EMINENT LEXICOGRAPHERS: COMPRISING MANY THOUSANDS OF NEW WORDS WHICH MODERN LITERATURE, SCIENCE, ART, AND FASHION HAVE CALLED INTO EXISTENCE AND USAGE. COMPILED AND EDITED BY P, AUSTIN NUTTALL, LL.D, EDITOR OF "walker’s PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY, ILLUSTRATED.” WITH REVISED PRELIMINARY TABLES, a^c., S^c. t LONDON: FREDERICK WARNS AND GO,, BEDFORD STREET, STRAND, f I THE GETT'i' RESEARCH INSTITUTE LIBRARY - PKEFACE. The “Standard Pronouncing Dictionary,” the result of many years' unremitting labour and research, will be found to combine the united labours of the most eminent lexicographers of modern times; among wliom may be mentioned the names of Dr. Worcester, Webster, Goodrich, Johnson, Walker, Craig, Richardson, and Ogilvie. As philologers and orthoejiists, they hare largely contributed towards the improvement and perfectibility of our noble language. It only remained, therefore, for the Editor of the present Dictionary to raise a superstructure on the joint labours of his jiredecessors that should be found every way worthy of their distinguished pre-eminence, and thus produce a standard work of reference, which, by its numerous emendations and additions, should fully accord with the present advanced state of English literature. In every dictionary, intended for popular use, there are three important requisites— Orthography, Orthoepy, and Depinition. The first comprehends the correct spelling and syllabication of words; the second, their just pronun¬ ciation ; and the third, their exact signification and different meanings. To these essentials the Editor has directed especial attention. Dr. Webster and hio American copyists attempted to introduce some orthographical novelties into the English language; but as they are entirely opposed to the recognized usage of our country, they have been altogether rejected, and the general system of our best writers adopted. In pronunciation, Worcester, Webster, and Goodiicb have adopted a plan of orthoepical notation which often obscures the orthograpHy of a word; while Craig, on the contrary, follows the phonetic principle of simply re-spelling each word as it ought to be pronounced, and, at the same time, showing the true accentuation and proper syllabic divisions of each word. This plan, which from its simplicity and intelligibility claims a preferenos over every other, has been adopted in the present edition, A clear and comprehensive definition of words is a most essential and important feature in all dictionaries; and to this the most especial attention has been devoted,—first, by giving the simple radical meaning of a word; then, its various collateral significations. “The definition of words,” says Dr. Worcester, “is regarded as the most important feature of a dictionary; and a word should be so defined as to exhibit the meaning or different meanings iu [ iv ] which it is used by good writers.” To attain the objects thus briefly noticed has been the direct aim of the Editor. The utmost brevity and conciseness have been kept in view, so that the greatest quantity of matter should be compressed in the smallest compass; and he has only to hope that he has been enabled fully to carry out the three essential principles of a dictionary,— Okthographv, Orthoepy, and Definition, —so as to render the “ Standard Pronouncing Dictionary” worthy of its title. In the Orthography of the “Standard Dictionary” (as just ob¬ served) the innovations of the Transatlantic school have been entirely rejected, and the recognized lexicographical authorities of our own country followed as the best standards of English orthography, and as more congenial to English taste and English feeling. But it may be here remarked, that in consulting a dictionary for the righc spelling of words, it should be borne in mind that there are many derivatives or grammatical inflections which are there necessarily omitted; as, desiring, desirest, desires, desiretli, &c. ; and therefore a few general observations on the orthography or formation of derivatives may be useful. In the English language it is a general rule, that when words which end with the silent e receive an augment beginning with a vowel, the e is omitted ; as, give, giving; sense, sensible; cure, curable; fame, famous, &c. Before/?/ and ty the e IS changed into i; as, pure, purity, purify; active, activity. When the silent e is preceded by c or some exceptions to this ride; as, recall, refill, ujfhill. Words ending in y, pre ceded by a consonant, change the y into i on receiving an augment; as, holy, holier; happy, happiness; pity, pitied. Exceptions: before iny, ish, and s, the y is retained ; as, flying, babyish, for pity s sake : also in dryness, slyly, shyness. When the y is preceded by a vowel, it is retained; as boy, boyish; day, days; joy, joyful. Exceptions : gaiety, said, paid, laid. Next to Orthography, the science of Orthoepy, as a guide to the rules of pronuijciation, is the most important. It is derived from two Greek words {opBhs right, and iiroi to speak), and comprehends that part of grammar which treats of the euphony of oral sounds. Orthography lays down rules for the right spelling of words, while Orthoe^iy teaches how to pronounce them. “ The pronunciation of the English language, like that of all living languages,” says Dr. Worcester, “is in a great measure arbitrary. It is exposed to the caprices of fashion and taste. It is liable to change from one age to another; and it varies more or less, not only in the different and distantly separated countries in which it is spoken, but also in the different divisions and districts of the same country. No two speakers or orthoepists, though inhabitants of the same place, would be likely to agree in the pronunciation of all its words. The standard of pronunciation is not the authority of any dictionary, or of any orthoepist; but it is the present usage of literary and weU-bred society. The question may be asked. Where is this standard to be sought, or this usage to be ascertained ? To this may be answered, that London is the great metropolis of English literature, and that it has an incomparably greater influence than any other city in giving law, in relation to style and pronimciation, to the many millions who write and speak the language.” Hence it is that English orthoepists natm-ally refer to the usage of the • best society in London as their safest standard; although, even here, in many words there is no certain uniformity. Discrepancies are found to exist, and it only remains for the lexicographer and orthoepist to endeavour to reconcile those discrepancies according to the best of his judgment. After all, the science o-f orthoepy is the surest guide to correct pronuncia¬ tion; and hence its importance in every grade of social life. Its principles are founded on letters, which consist of vowels and consonants. Letters are,the elements into which the words of any language may be analysed; and they form the necessary alphabet of that language. Words are the due combination of letters and syllables, and form distinct and articidate sounds for conveying our ideas to one another; and a good orthoepical dictionary may be considered as the best and most important medium for attaining a correct know¬ ledge of the principles and practice of good pronunciation. Some acquaintance, however, with the general properties of vowels and consonants may be necessary to the right understanding of orthoepical science. The distinction [ Vi ] between them is great. A vowel sound may be continued at pleasure, or ii may be terminated either by discontinuing the vocal effort—in which case it is not articulated by any consonant, as in pronouncing the vowel o ; or by changing the conformation of the mouth, or relative position of the organs of speech, so that the vowel sound is lost by articulation, as in pronouncing the syllable on. In the pronunciation of consonants there are many peculiarities. Dr. Crombie, in his “Etymology of the English Language,” says, that in pronouncing conso¬ nants there are five distinguishable positions of the organs. The first is the application of the bps to each other, so as to close the mouth. Thus are formed the consonants p, b, and m. In the second position, the vinder lip is applied to the fore teeth of the upper jaw; and in this manner we pronounce the conso¬ nants / and V. The third position is, when the tongue is applied to the fore teeth; and thus we pronounce th. In the fourth position, we apply the fore part of the tongue to the fore part of the palate; and by this application we pronounce the letters t, d, s, z, r, I, n. The fifth position is, w'hen the middle part of the tongue is applied to the palate; and thus w'e pronounce k, the hard sound of g (as in ga), sh, j, and ng. In the first position we have three letters, of which the most simple, and indeed the only articulator, being abso¬ lutely mute, isp. In the formation of this letter, nothing is required but the sudden closing of the mouth, and stopping the vowel sound. B, though justly considered as a miite, is not a perfect mute. The mouth being kept in the same position, and the breath being emitted through the nostrils, the letter m is produced. In the first position, therefore, we have a perfect mute p, having no audible sound ; a labial and liquid consonant m, capable of a continued sound; and, between these two extremes, we have the letter 6, somewhat audibl(\ though different from any vocal sound. In the second position we have tho letters f and v, neither of which are perfect mutes. The letter f is formed by having the aspiration not altogether interrupted, but emitted forcibly between the fore teeth and the under lip. This is the simple articulation in this position. If to this we join the guttural sound, we shall have the letter V, a letter standing in nearly the same relation to f, as 6 and m, in the first position, stand to p. Thus we have four distinctions of consonants in our alphabet, namely, of perfect and imperfect consonants, perfect and imperfect mutes. Thus p is a perfect mute, having no sound; h an imperfect mute, aaving proper sound, but limited; rn a perfect consonant, having sound, and continued; f an imperfect consonant, having no sound airdible. In the ‘ ‘ Standard Dictton^vry ” it will be seen that the greatest care has been taken to simplify the elements of orthoepy, and almost entirely to do away with those numerous marks of orthoepic notation, which, in many of our pro- noimcing dictioiraries, appear confusing to the eye, and are difficult to recollect. The object of the Editor, however, has been to spell each word pihonetically, or precisely as it would be written if spelt according to soimd. The syllabica¬ tion and accentuation of dissyllables and polysyllables are minutely noted ; but figures, prosodial quantities, and arbitrary marks, generally so puzzling to the [ vii ] student, are entirely laid aside ; and although it, may be difficult to convey the niceties of pronunciation in particular wor.ds, yet it will he found, on the whole, that it approaches as near to accuracy as any combination of letters can be expected to accomplish. Ip the endeayour to avoid alj superfluous or arbitrary marks of notation, a^difflculty presented, itself,, in the different, vocal sounds of the letter a, In, tire long clpse sound, pecrdfar to the flingfl^l)., as /a'tof'’tK«e could be no difficulty; its broad sound is^ readily expressed by arc, as. inyh/i (fawl); and the clpse consoiiantal, sound, is, clearly indicated, by tfle sylljibicatipn” and accent, as in, qn'imal: but tfle true expression of the open Italian sound could not, be indmated, ■vyitflonS soine peculiar mark, of notation ; and thereforV the dotted and double-dotted d arid d were ad,opted as the siinpflest orthoepic marks that could be introduced ; as in speakable {s^eek'dpl)^ father '{Jxi'iJier}], ^jc. But in some words there is a soft intermediate sound between u and oo, as in wood, or woman ; which is expressed by the short double oo, thus marked, w^od, rvobm'un; and this pronunciation is quite distinct from that oi'^i in ihdndp' {imn'der), or the oo in rcom?» (woom). ' ' In distinguishing the long sound of the vowel i, without the mark of long quantity (I), as generally adopted by orthoepists,.there was some little difficulty; for the words find, wind, &c., might naturally be pronounced short instead of long ; when/?id would thus become finn'cl; and the verb to wind, be sounded lilce unnd. To remedy this, the orthoepic orthography, in perfect agreement with the sound, has been adopted. Thus, we have Jine'd instead of finds or find, winc'd instead of winds or wind, minc'd instead of mindc or mind, &e. Hence, a long list of mystic characters, with which many pronouncing dic¬ tionaries are interlarded is happily avoided. In connection with orthoepy, the correct Accentuation of words is an import¬ ant feature, to which the Editor has devoted especial attention. Accent is the laying of a peculiar stress of the voice on a certain letter or syllable of the word, sometimes on the vowel, and sometimes on the consonant, as in Ma'gi and mar/ic; so that one particular syllable of a word is more fully distinguished than the rest.' All the words of the English language, except the monosyllabic ones, have an accented syllable ; and most of our polysyllabic W'ords have not only a primary accent, but sometimes a secondary one; but it is only in a few compound words that this secondary accent is noted. It is the general tendency of the language to place the accent on the first syllable of dissyl¬ lables, and on the antepenult of polysyllables ; but the exceptions to this rule are so numerous, that, in doiibtful cases, the best authority is a good pronoTincin" dictionary. As an appropriate and necessary appendage to a Pronouncing Dictionary, tlie Editor has annexed some useful articles for explaining the correct pronunciation of«Greek, Latin, and Scripture proper names ; and also a summary of orthoepical nfi.es for the true pronunciation of those foreign names which are perpetually occurrina in the course of conversation or reading. The Compounds of the English language are veiy numerous, and materiaLy contribute to its copiousness. The great mass of them are onutted m our ordinary dictionaries; but their great importance has induced the Editor to insert all that are presumed to be of general utility; and for this purpose they are nwially printed in a compressed form, and followed on alphabetically, in italics, from their primitive word; as under Oarje, Galley, Milk, Money, Over, e , Wheel, White, &c. Any additional explanation, when required, can be readily obtained by reference to the in-imary words which individually form the com¬ pound. Thus the reader, when searching for a compound word, will generaUy find it under its primitive ; exce]it in peculiar cases, when the compound is of an Important character, or admits of a meaning different from what might be nferred from the primitive roots. In conclusion, it is only necessary to explain that aU obsolete words are marked with a double dagger, thus +; and those of rare ocourrence with a single dagger, thus f. CONTENTS PBBFACB ,,, ,,, ... ... ••• ••• ••• ••• OETHOGEAPHY OF THE ENGtISH LANGUAGE . SCIENCE OF OETHOEPT AND ACCENTUATION... ... COMPOUND WOEDS . . ON THE PEONUNCIATION OF GEEEK AND LATIN PEOPBE NAMES... PEONUNCIATION OF HEBEBW AND SCEIPTUEE PEOPEE NAMES ... PEONUNCIATION OF THE EUEOPEAN LANGUAGES—FEENCH, GEE- MAN, ITALIAN, &C, . ON THE OEIGIN AND CONSTEUCTION OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE CENSUS OF 1871, WITH TABLES OF THE POPULATION OF THE COUNTIES OF ENGLAND AND WALES POPULATION OF CITIES AND BOEOUGHS OF ENGLAND AND WALES POPULATION OF SCOTLAND AND lEELAND... ... ... XXVH, PEESENT EOYAL FAMILY OF GEEAT BEITAIN . PEESENT EEIGNING 80VEEEIGNS, PEINCES, AND DUKES OF EUEOPE . . CHEONOLOGICAL SUMMAEY OF THE SOYEEEIGNS OF ENGLAND, FEOM THE TIME OF EGBEET, THE FIEST KING LIST OF ABBEEVIATIONS USED IN THE DICTIONAEY . VBBEEVIATIONS OF THE PAETS OF SPEECH, AND THEIE GEAM- MATICAL SIGNIFICATIONS . ALPHABETICAL LIST OF FAMILIAE PEOVEEBS, MAXIMS, QUOTA¬ TIONS, AND FAMILY MOTTOES . ABBEEVIATIONS USED FOE DESPATCH IN WEITING ... ... iii iv V viii X xiii xix xxii xxiii xxiv xxviii xxviii xxix XXX xxxi xxxii 889 896 [ X ] PRONUNCIATION or 6KEEK AND LATIN PEOPEE NAMES. •• The pronunciatiou of the learned languages ” (says Walker, in his ‘ Key to Classical Pronuncia¬ tion ’) “ is much more easily acquired than that of our own. Whatever might have been the variety of different dialects among the Greeks and the different provinces of the Romans, their languages, now being dead, are generally pronounced according to the respective analogies of the several languages of Europe, when those languages are cultivated without partaking of those anomalies to which the living languages are liable. ” But as regards the pronunciation of Greek and Latin proper names, which are of frequent occurrence in reading and conversation, the fol¬ lowing compendious rules will be found generally useful:— THE VOWELS. Evbby vowel with the accent on it at the end of a syllable is pronounced as in English, with its first, long, open sound: thus, Ca'to, Philo- iiw'ia, Ori'on, Pho'cion, Lu'cifer, etween two vowels, the consonant goes to the last syllable, and the vowel in the first is long, iw Cato, Ceres, Comus, &c. Polysyllables, adopted whole from the Greek or Latin into English, have generally the accent of the Latin; that is, if the penultimate 1>e long, the accent is on it, as Severus, Democedes, &,c. ; if short, the accent is on the antepenulti¬ mate,as I)most/i«u««,Aris(opftana5,Po«(Ai«7iiian AJ-phe'iw [ xiv ] Ad'o-n^l Al-ta-ne ua A-rc'U Au'gl-a Hech'ti-letb Ad-o-ni'as Al-tas'cbith A-re'lites Au-ra^ni'-tls Bed-a>i'ah A-don-i-be'zek Arte-kon A-re-op'a-glte Au-ra'nus Be*el-i'a-da Ad-o-ni'iab A-mad'a-tha A-re-op'a-gua Au-te'us Be-ersa-rus A-don'i-Kam A-marda Ar-e'tas Av'a-ran Be-el-teth'miis A-don-l'ram Am'a-lek A-re'us Az-a-e'lus Be-el'*e-bnb A-don-i*ze'dck Am'a-lek-ltes A-rid'a-i Az-a-li'ab Be-e'ra A do'ra Am'a-na A-rid'a-tha Az-a-ni'ah Be-e'rab Ad-o-ra'im Ara-a-ri'ah A-ri'eli A-za'pbi-on Be-er-e'lim A-do'ram Am'a-sa A'ri-el Az'a-ra Be-e'ri A-dram'e-lech A-inas'a-I Ar-i-ma-the'a A-za're-cl Be>er-la-ba'i -rol A'dri-a Am-a-sbi'ah A'ri-ocb Az -a-ri'ab Be-e'roth A'dri-el Am-a-the'is A-ris'a-i Az-a-ri'as Be-e'rotb-ites A-du'el Am'a-this A^-is-to-bu^lls A-za'zel Be-er'she-ba A-dul'lam Am-a-zi'ah Ar-ma-ged'don Az-a-zi'ah Be-eab'te-rab A-dum'min A-min'a-dab Ar-mi-snad'a-i Az-baz'a-retb Belie-motb A-e-di'as A-miftai * Ar'ne-plier A-ze'kab Bela-ites jE'ne-as A-miz'a-bad Aj-'o-dl Az-e-phu'rith Bel'e-mus Ag'a-ba Am-mad'a-tha Ar'o-er A-ze'tas Bel'ga-i A^a-bus Am-mid'i-oi Ar-phax'ad A-zi'a Be'li-al A%ag-ite Am'mi-el Ar'sa-ces A-zi'e-1 Bel'ma-im Ag-a-renes' Am*mi'bud Ar’te-mas A'zi-el Bel-shaz'zar Ag'e-e Am-ml-shnd'dal Ai’'u-both A-zi'za Bel-te-shaz'za r Ag-ge'u8 Am'mon-ites A-ni'mali Az'ma-veth Ag-noth-ta'bor Am'o-rites Ar'vad-itos A-zo'tus A-haj^ab Am'pli-as As-a-di'as Az'ri-el Ben-eb’e-rak A-h^al Am'ram-itea As'a-el Az'ri-kam A-lias'a-i Am'ra-phel As'a-hel A-zu'bab Ben'ha«dad A has-u-e'rus An'a-el As-a-i'ah Az'u-rap Ben-ha'il A ha'va An-a-ha'rath As'a>na Az'y-iHJtes A-haz'a-i An-a-i'ah As'a-phar Ben'i-nu A-ha-zi'ah An'a-kims A'sa-ra Ba'al-ah Ben'ia-niin A-bi'ah A-nam'-e-lech A-sar'e-el Ba'al-atb Ben'jam-ite A-hi'am Aa'a-inim As-a-relah Ba'al-ath lie'er A-hl^e'zer An-a'ui As-baz'a ret Ba'al-i Be-nu'i A-hi'hud An-a-ni'ah As'ca-lon Ba'al-iiu A-hi'jah An-a-ni'as A-se'as Ea'al-is A-hiTcam A-nan'i-el A-seb-e-bi'a Ba'al-le Ber'a-chab A-hi'lud A-natb'e-ma As>e-bi'a Ba'al Pei'^a zim A-him'a-az An'a-thoth As'e-nath Ba'al Shal'i-Bha A-hi'nian An'a-tboth-ite A-se'rar Ba'a-nab A-him'o-lcch An-dro-iii'cus Ash-a-bi'ab Ba'a-nath A-hi'moth A'nera or A'lien Ashlbe-a Ba-a-ni'as Ber-ni'ce A'n.i«am An'na-as An-nu'us An-ti-lib'a-nus An'ti-och An-ti'o-cbus Au'ti-paa An-tip'a-tris An'ti-pha An-wni-a An-to-thi'jah Ap'toth-ite Ap-a-me'a Aph-a-ralm A-phar'sites A-pheTcah A-pher'e-ina A-pher'ra A-phi'ah A-poc'a-lypse A-poc'ry-pha A-pol'los A-poriy-on Ap^pa-im Ap'phi-a (A/-) Aq'ul-la Ar'a-bah Ar-a-bat'ti-ne Ar-a'bi-a A'rad-ite Ar'a-dus Ar'a-rat A-rau'nah Aj^'ba or Ar'bah Ar-bat'tis Ar-be^a ArbeHa Ar'bite Ar-bo'nai Ar-che-la'u8 Ar-ches'tra-tus Ar'che-vites Ar-chi-at'a-roth Ar-chip'-pus ArchMtes Ash'doth-iti's A'she-an Ash'i-matli Ash'ke-naz Asli'-pe-naz Ash'ri-el Ash'ta-roth Ash'ta-roth-ites Ash'te-moth A-sbu'atb A-shu'rim Ash'ur-ites A'si-a (A'she-a) As-i-bi'as A'si-el As'i-pha As'ke-lon As'ma-dai As'ma-Teth As-mo-de'us As-mo-ne'ans As-nap'per A-so'cms As'pa-tha As-phar'a-sns As'ri-el As-sa-bi'as As-sal'i-molh As-sa-tiTas As-si-de'ana As^ta-roth Aa-tar'te A-syii'cri-tii* At'a-rah A-tar'^ra-tis At'a-rotli At-e-re-zi'as Ath-a-i'ah Ath-a-li'ah Ath-a-ri'as Ath-e-noT)i-us At-ta-li'a At'ta-lus At-thar'a-te* Ba'a«ra Ba'a-sha Ba'a-shah Ba-a-si'aJi Bab'y-lon Bac-chu'rus Ba-go'as. Bag'o-i Ba-ha'rum-it Ba hu'rim Bak-buk-i^ah Bal'a-dan Bal'a-mo Bal'a-nus Bal-tha'sar Ban-a-i'as Ban'u-as Ba-rab'bas Bar'a-chel Bar-a-ehi'ah Bar-ce'nor Bar-bu'mites Ba-ri'ah J^ar-^e'sus Bar-jo'na Bar'na-bas Ba-ro'dis Bar-sa-bas Bar'ta-cus Bar-thoro-incw Bar-ti-me'us Bar-zU'la-i Bas'ca-ma Bash'e-niath Bas'ta-i Bat'a-ne Bath'a-loth Bath-rab'biir Bath'she-ba Bath'shu-a Bar'a-i Be-a-li'ah Be'a-loth Beb'a-i Becb-o'ratb Be-ro"dach Ber'o-tliai Be-ro'thath Ber-ze'lus Bes-o-dei'ah Beth-ab'a-ran Beth'a-natb Beth'a-ny Betb-ar'a-bah Beth'a-ram Beth-arnt)el Beth-a'ven Beth-az'ma-vt^th Beth-ba-al-mo'on Betb-ba'ra 3}eth'ba-si Beth-bir'e i Betli-da'gon Betli-dib'la-tha’ia Beth'el-ite Beth-e'mek Beth-the$'da Beth-e'zel Beth-ga'der Beth-ga'mul Beth-iiao'ce-rhn Beth-ha'ran ]^cth-hog'lah IJeth-ho'Von Beth-jes'i-moth Beth -leb'a-oth Beth'lc-hem Beth'le-hem-ite. Betb-lo'mon Bcth-ma'a-cab Beth-me'on Beth-nim'rab Betb-o'ron i Betb-pa'let I Eeth paz'zer \ Beth-pe'or Beth'pha-ge Beth'phe-let Beth'ra-bah Beth'ra phs [ XV ] RftfVre hob Heth-sa'i-da HctV. «’i-mos Ueth-she'an Beth'she-mesh Beth-shit'tah Beth'si-mos Beth-su'ra Beth-tap'pu*a Be-thu'el Beth-u-li'a be-to'li-us Bet-o-ines'tV*aih Bet'o-nini Be-ii'lah Ke-zal'e-cl Bi'a-tas Big'lha-na Bi^va*i Bil'e-ara lUii'e-a Bin'nu-i Bir'za-vith Bi'thi'ah lUz-i-jo-thi'ah Bo-a-ner'ges Boch'e-ru Bos'o-ra Brig'an-dinb Buk-ki'ah Cai'a-plias Ca-i'nan Cal-a-moBa-Bis Cal'a-nuiS Cal'i-tas Carva-ry Ca'naan-iteS Can'da-c5 (Ja-per'iia-hn'i Caph-ar-sai.‘H - >ft'a Ca-pheii'a-thu Ca-phi'ra Caph'to-Hiii Caph'to-rims Cap-pa-do'ci-a Car'a-ba'$i-ou Car'cha-inis Cai‘'che-mlsli Ca-re'ali (Ja'ri-a (.^ar-ma'nl-an'B Gar'mel-ite Car'na-im Car'ni-on Car-she'na Ca-siph'i-a Cas'lu-bim Ca-tbu'ath Ce-le*nii'a Cen'chre-a Cen-de--be'us Cen-tu'ri-o'n Cha'di-as Cbie-re'as Clial'ce-do-toy Chal-de'a Chan-nu-Pe'idS Char-a-atli'a-iai Cliar'a-ca Char'a-sim Clia're-a Cbas'c-ba Ched-cr-la'c-inct Cliel'ci-as Chclli-aiis Cbe-lu'!>ai Che-lu'bar Cliem'a-riim Che-na'an-nal; Clien'a-ni Chen-a-ni'ah Che-plii'rah Che're-as Cher'eth-ims Cher'eth-ites Cber'u-blTL Ched'a-lon Che-snJ'loth Cbi-li'on Chil'le-ab Cho-ra'^siii ^08-a-me'tij* CbO'Ze'ba Cin'ner-eth Cir'a-ma Ci'sai Cith'e-ras Cle-a'sa Cle'o-phas Col-ho'zeb Colli-us Co-lo'se Co-los'si-ans Co-ni'ah Con-o-ni'ab Co-rm'tlii-an 8 Cre'ti-ans Cu'tlie-ans Cy'a-mon Cy-re'ne Cy-re'nl-us DaVa-roh DabHoa-sheth Dab'e-rath Da'bri-a Da-co'bi Dad-de'as Dal-a-i'ah Dal'i-lah Dal-raa-nu'tha Dara'a-ris Dam-a-scenos' I)an'i-el l^an-ja'an Dan'o-bratb Da'ri-an Dath'e-mnb Deb'o-rab, De-cap'o-lis Ded'a-nims De-h.a'vites Del-a-i'ah Del'i-lah De-u'el T)eu-tev-on'o-iny Dlb'la-im Bib'za-haB Di'drachm Did'y-mus Dil'e-an Di-mo'naU Brua-ites Din'lia-bah DL-ot're-phe's Diz'a-hab Dod'a-i Dod'a-nim Bod'a-vah Bo-rym'e-nbs Bo-sitb'e-us Bo'tha-im E'a-nas E-bod'me-lec 1 ^ Eb-en-e'zcr E-bi'a-saph E-bro'nah E-ca'nus Ec-bat'a-na Ec-cle-$i-as'tc *8 Ec-cle-$i*as'ti'CU8 E'di-as E'dom-ites Ed're-i Eg'la-im Ek're-bel Ek'ron-ites El'a-dah E'lam-ites El'a-sah El-be Wei EVci-a [EVshc-a^ El'da-ab E'Ic-ad E-le-a'lch E-le'a-bah E-le-a'zer E-le-a-zu'ru El-e-lo'he Is-ra el E-leu'the-i'U 8 El-eu-za'i El-ha'nan E-li'ab E-li'a-da E-li'a-dab E-li'a-dun E-li'ah E-li'ah-ba E-li'a-kim E-U'a-U E-U'am E-li'as E-U'a-saph B-li'a-shib E-li'a-sis E-U'a-tha E-li-a'zar E-U'dad E'li-el E-li-e'na-i E-li-e'zer E-li'ha-ba El-i-hae'na El-i-ko'reph E-li'hu E-li'jah El'i-ka E-lim'e-lech B-li-oe'na-i E-li-o'nas El'i-phal E-lipb'a-leh E-li'phaz E-lipli'e-let E-li$'a-b'eth El-i- 3 ffi'u 8 El-i-se'u 3 E-li'sba E-U'shah E-lish'a-ma K-lisVa-pbat E-lish'e-b.\ El-i-shii'a E-lis'i-muS E-li'u E-li'ud B-liz'a-pba'i) E-li'zur Erka-nali El'ko-shite El'la-sar PB'mo-dain Erna-am El'na-thau E'lon-itcs Kl'pa-al El'pa-let El-pa'ran El'te-keh El'te-keCh Erte-kon El'to-lad E-lu'za-i El-y-ma'is El'y-mas El'za-bad El'za-phan Em-al-cu'cl E-man'u-el j?jn'’ma-us E'lie-as En-eg la'im En-e-mes'sar E-ne'ai-as En-gan'nim En'ge-di Eu-bad^dah En-hak'ko-ve En-ha'zor En-inisli'pat En-rim'uion I En-ro'gel En'sbe-inesh En-tap'pu-ah Ep'u-pliras E-papb-ro-di' tus E-pcn'e-tus E'phes-dam'nBu Epb'pha-tha E^phra-ini E'pbra-im-iiea Eph'ra-tah Eph^rath-itcs ETan-ites E-ras'tus E-$a'ias E'sar-had'don Es-dre'lon Es'e-bon E-se'bri-a 8 EshT)a-al E'she-an Esb'ka-lon Esb'ta-ol Esb'tau-lites Esb-tem'o-a Esb'te-moth Es-ma-chi'ah E-so'ra Est'ba-ol EWa-nim EWba-al Eu-as'i-bus Eu-bu'lus Eu'na-tban Eu-ni'ce Eu-o'di-as Eu-pol'e-mus Eii-roc'ly-doii Eu'ty-cbiis Ex'o-dus Ez'ba-i Ez-e-cbi'as Ez-e-ki'as E-zc'ki-el Ez-e-ri'as E-zi'as E'zi-on Gc'bar Ez'ra-hite Ez'ri-el Ez'ron-il-t-s Gab'a-ol Gab'a-tha Gaba)a-tha Ga'bri-aft Ga'bri-el Gad'a-ra Gad-a-roiies' Gad'di-el Ga'i-us (Gm'i/h 5 ) Gal'a-ad Gal'e-ed Gal'ga-la Gal'i-lee Gal'li-o GanVa-ol Ga-ma'li-cl Gam'ma-dims Gar'i-zim Gaz'a-bar Ga-za'ra Ga'zath-itos Ga-ze'ra Ged-a-li'ah Ge-de'rah Ged'e-rite Ge-de'-rolh Gcd-e-rotli-a'im Ge-ba'zi Qel'i-loth Ge-mal'li Gem-a-ri'ab Gen-ne'us Ge-nes'a-reth Gen'e-si 8 (J’m-) Ge-ne'zar Gen-u'batb Gcr'a-ea Gei’'ga-t!.b' Ger'ga-sbitcs Ger-p:e-scne8' Ger'i-zini Ger'rip-ans Ger-rin'i-ans Ger'sbon-ites Gesh'u-rites Geth-o-li'as Geth sem'a-iie Ge-u'el Ge'zer-ites Gib'be-thoii Gib'e-ab Gib'e-atb Gib'e-on GiVe-on-itei Gid-dal'ti Gid'e-on Gid-e-o'ni Gil'a-lw Gil'e-ad Gil'e-ad-ite Gflo-nite Gin'ne-tbo Gir'ga-sliilCfc Git'ta-ini Gil/tites Gi'zo-nite Gorgo-tha Go-li'ah Go-U'ath Go-mor'rah Gor'gi-as Gor'ty-iia Go-thon'i-cl Qre'ci-a {-she a) Gud'go-dah Gur-ba'al Ha-a-baeb'ta-id Ha-ba'iah Hab'ak-kuk Hab-a-zi-m'nh Ha-ber'ge-oti Hacb-a-ii'ab Hacb'i-lah Hach'mo-ni HaWmo-nUc Had-ad-e'zer H'ad'a-sbab Ha-das'salj lia-dat'tah Ilad'la-i Ha-do'nim Hag'a-bali Hag'a*i Ha-gar-C'.ues' Ha'gar-iics Hag'ga-i Hag'ge-ri Hag-gi'ab Plak'ka-tau Ha-ku'pha Hal-le-lu'jah Hal-lo'esb Ha'matb-lte Ham-med'a-tha Ham'e-lech Ham'i-tal Ham-mol'e-keth Ha»i'o-nab Ha-mu'el Ha-murites Ha-iuu'tal Ha-nam'e-cl Ha-nan'e-ci Han'a-ni Han-a-ni'ah Han'i-el Han'na-tbon Han'ni-el Ha'noch-ite« Haph-a-ra''im Har'a-dah Har-a-i'ah Ha'ra-ritc I Har bo'nab [ xvi ] flarTia- ia llar'ne-phei Ha'ro-dite Har'o-eh Ha'ro-rite Har'o-sheth Ha-ni'mapli Ha-ru'phite Has-a-di'ah Has-e-nu'ah Hash-a-bi'ah Hash-ab'nah Haah-ab-m'ah Hadh-bad'a-na Hash-mo'nah Ha-shu'pha Has-se-iia'ah Ha-su'pha Hat'i-ta Hat'ti-pha Hav'i-lah Ila'za-el Ha-zSii'ah Ha-za'roth Ha-ze'riin Ha-ze'rotli Haz'e-zon Ha'zi-el Haz'u-bah He'ber-itaa Hc'bron-ites HcaTa-i Hei-chi'ah Hel'da-i He'lek-ites Hel-ka'i Hel-ki'as Heii'a-dad He'pher-itca He^'zi-bah Her-mog'e-nea Her'mon-ites He-ro'di-ans He-ro'di-as Hez'e-ki He*-e-ki'ah He-zi'a He'zl-on Hea'ra-i Hez'ron-ites Hid'da-i Hid'de-kel Hi-er'e-el Hi-er'e-moth Hi-er-i-e'lus Hi-er'mas Hi-er-on'y-mus 'Hrio'-irn'tnn Hir-ca'nus His-ki'jah Hod-a-i'ah Hod-a-vi'ah Ho-de'vab Ho-di'ah Ho-di'jah Hol-o-fer'nea Hor-a-gid'dad Hor-o-na'iia Hor'o-nites Ho-$an'na Ho-.'je'a ^lIo-zt/*a) Hosh-a-i'ah^ Hosh'a-ma Ho-she'a Hu'pham-ites Hu'shath-ite Hu-shu'bah Hy-das'pes Hy-e'na Hy-mea-e'iis Ib'le-am Ib-nei'ah Ib-ni'iah Ich'a-W)d l-co'nl-uxa las Id'u el Id-u-mai'a Ig-da-li'ah Ig-e-ab'a-rini Ig'e-al Im-man'u-el I-o'ta Iph-e-dei'ah I-ri'jah Ir'na-bash Ir'pe-el Ir-she'mish I-$a'iah Is-car'i-ot I^-da'el Ish^bo-abelb I-elii'ah I-shi'jah Ish'raa-e! Ish-ma-i'ah Ish'me-rai Ish'u-a Ish'u-ai Is-ma-chfab Is-ma-i'ah L$’ra-el I$'ra-el-ite8 Is'sa-char Is-tal-cu'rua Is'u-ites It'a-ly Ith'a-i, or It'a-1 Ith'a-mar Ith'i-el Ith're-am It/ta-i It-u-re'a Iz'e-har Iz'har-ite Iz-ra-hi'ah Iz'ra^ilte Iz-ra-i'ah Iz're-el Ja'a-kan Ja-ak'o-bah Ja-a'lah Ja-a'lam Ja'a-nai Ja-ar-e-or'e- guu Ja-as-a-ni'a Ja'as-sau " Ja-a'si-el Ja-a'zah Ja-az-a-iii'ah Ja-a'zar Ja-a-zi'ah Ja-a'zi-el Jab'ne-el Ja'ehin-ites Ja-co'bus Jad-du'a Ja-ha'le-el Ja-hal'e-lel Ja*ha'zah Ja-ha-zi'ah Ja-ha'zi-el Jah'da-i Jah'di-el Jah'le-el-ites Jah'ma-i Jali'ze-el-ites tfah'ze-rah Jab'zi-el Ja'ir-ites Ja'i-rus Ja'niin-ites Jam'na-an Jam-ni'a Ja-no'ah Ja-noTiab Ja-phi'ah Japh'le-ti Jar-e-si'ah Ja-ro'ah Jas'a-el Ja-sho'be-am JaRh'u-bi T-cTiem Jash'ub-ites Ja'si-el Ja-8u'bus Jath'ni-el Ja'zi-el Je'a-rini Je-at'e-rai Je-ber-e-clu'ah Je-bu'si Jeb'u-sitcs Jec-a-mi'ah Jec-o-li'ah Jec-o-ni'ali Je-da'iah Jed-de'us Jed-e-di'ah Je-do-i'ah Je-di'a-el Jedl-ah Je'di-el Jed'u-thun Je-eli Je-e'zer-ite» Je*ha'le-el Je-hal'e-lei Je-ha'zi-el Jeh-dei'ah Je-hei'el Je-hez'e-kel Je*lii'ali Je-hi'el Je-hi'e-li Je-hiflh'a I Je-his-ki'ah Je-ho'a-dah Je-ho-ad'dan Je-ho'a-haz Je-ko'ash Je-ho'ha-dah Je-ho'ha-nan Je-hoi'a-chin Je-hoi'a-da Je-hoi'a-kiin Je-hoi'a-rib Je-hon'a-dab Je-hon'a-than Je-ho'ram Je-ho-Bhab'e-aih Je-hosh'a-phat Je-hosh'e-ba Je-kosh'u-a Jb-ho'vah Je-hoc'a-bad Je-hub'-bah Je'hu-cal Je-hu'di Je-hu-di'jah Je-kab'ze-el *fek-a-me''am Jek-a-mi'ah Je-ku'thi-el Jem'l-ma Je-mu'el Je-phun'neh Je-rahin'e-el Je-rahni'e-el Uea Jer'e-chus Jer'e-mM Jer-e-rai'ah Jer'e-moth Jer'e-raouth Je-ri'ah Jer'e-bal Jer'i-cho Je'ri-el Je-ri'jah Jer'i-raoth Je'ri-oth Jer-o-bo'am Jer'o-don Jer'o-ham Je-rub'ba-al Je-nib'e-slieth Jer'u-el Je-ru'sa-lem Je-ru'sha Je-sa'i-ah I Jf'8h-a-raJ» J esh'a-nah Jeih-ar'e-Iali Jesh-eb'e-ab Jesh-eb'e-ah JesVi-mon Je*sish'a-i Jesh-o-ha-i'ah Jesb'u-a Jesh'u-run Je-$rah Je-sim'i ei Jes'u-a Jes'u-i Je'u-el Jez'e-bel Jez-a-ni'ah Je-ze'lu8 Je'zer-ites Je-zi'ah Je'zi-el Jez-li'ah Jez'o-ar Jez-ra-hl'ah Jez're-el-ite Jiph'thah-eJ J o'a-chaz Jo'a*da^nus Jo'a-haz Jo'a-kim Jo-an'na Jo*an'nan Jo'a-tham Jo-a-zab'du8 Jocli'e-bed Jo-e'lah Jo-e'zer Jog'be-ah Jo-ha'nan Joi'a-da Joi'a-klm Joi'a-rib Jok'de-am Jok'me-an J ok'ne-am Jok'-tlie-el Jon'a-dab Jon'a-than Jo'ra-i •Tor'i-bas Jor'ko-am Jos'a-bad Jos'a-phat Jos-a-phi'aa Jos'e-decb Jo'se-el Jo-se'plius Josh'a-bad Josh'a-pliat Josh-a-vi'ah Josh-bek'a-sha Josh'u-a Jo-si'ah Jo-si'as Jos-i-bi'ah Jos-i-phi'ah Jot'ba-tha Joz'a-bad Joz'a-char Joz'a-dak Ju-die'a Ju'li-a Ju'ni-a Ju-sbab'lie-se Kab'ze-cl Kad'mi-el Kad'monite* Kal'la-i Ka-re'ah Kar-ka'a Kar'na-im Ked'e-mah Ked'e-motk Ke-heVa-thah Ke-la'iah Kel'i-la Ke-mu'el i Keu'niz-zitea Ke'ri-oth Ke-tu'rah Ke-zi'a KaVza-iii Kir-har'a-seiS Kir'lie-resb K.ir'i-eth Kir'i-oth KiBh'i-on KoTiath-ltes Kol-a-i'ah Ko'rah-ites Ko'ratli-itea Kush>ai'ah La'a-dah La'a-dan Lab'a-iia La-cu'nua La-h5i'roi I/ap'i-dotb La-se'a La-sha'rou Las'the -nes Laz"a-ru8 Leb'a-nah Leb'a-non Leb'a-oth Leb-be'us Le-bo'nah Le'ha-bira Lem'u-el Le-tu'sliiin Le'um-mim I/e-Ti'a-tban Ije-Tit'i-cus LiVa-nus Lib'y-a Lig-nal'o-es Lo-am'nii Lod'e-bar Lotli-a-8u'bu» Lu'ci-fer Lu'ci-us Lyc-a-c/nia Ly-sa'iu-a« Lys'i-a Lys'i-as Ma'a-cah Ma-ach'a-thite« Ma-ad'^ Ma-a-di'ah Ma-a'i Ma-al'eh Ma'a-nai Ma'a-rath Ma-a-sei'ah Ma-a-si'ah Ma-a-zi'ah Mab'da-i Mac'a-lon Mac-ca-bse'ua Mac'ca-bees Mack'be-nah Mach'be-imi Mach-hefloth Ma'chir-ites Maeh-na>de'bat Mach-pelali Mad'a-a Ma-di'a-bun Ma-di'ah Ma'di-an Mad-nian'nah Mad-me'uab Ma-e'lus Mag'da-Ia Ma^-da-len Mag-da-le'ne Ma^dl-el Ma^pi-ask Ma^a-lah Ma'ha-lalh Ma-ha'le-el Ma'ha-li Ma-ha-na'im MaTia-tieh TUa [ xvii ] ft^alsa-neza Ma har'a-i MaTia-vites Ma-ha'zi-otli MlU-an'e-as fida-ke'loth Mak'ke'dah Kal'a-chi Mal-cbi^ah Jtfal'ehi-el Mal'chi-el-ites ilal-chi^jah Mal-chi'ram Mal-chi-shu'ah Mallojtlii Ma-ma'ias lyia-miL'ciis Man'a-en Man'a-liatb Man'a-liem Ma-na'heth-lte# Man-aa-se'as Ma-nas'seh Ma-nas'sitea Man-ha-na'im Ma-no'ak Ma'on-itcs Mar'a-lah Mar-a-nath'a Mar-do-€he'u3 Ma-re'shak Mar'i-sa Mar're-kah Mar'se-na Mar'te-na Mas'e-loth Maa're-kah Mas-si'as Mat'tan-nah Mat-ta-ni'ak Mat'ta-tha Mat-ta-tM'as Mat-te-na'i Mat-tlie'las Mat-thi'as Mat-ti-thfah Maz-i-ti'as Maz'za-roth Me-a'ni Me-a'rah Me-bu'nai Meck'e-rath Mech'e-ratk-ite Med'a-lali Med'e-ba Me'di-a Me-e'da Me-gid'don Me-ha'U Me-het'a-bei Me-hi'da Me-horatb-ite Me-hu'ja-el Me-hu'man Me-hu'nims Me-jar'kon Mek'o-nah Mel-a-ti'ah Mel-cbi'a}i Mel-chi'aa Mel'clii-el Mel-cbis'e-dek Mel-cbi-sbu'a Me-le'a Mel'li-cu Me-niu'can Men'a-be]!! Men'o-thai Me-on'e-iioni Mepb'a-atb Me-pbib'o*8betb Mer-a-i'ab Me-ra'iotb, Mer'a-ri ' Mer'a-rites Mer-a-tba'im Mer'e-moth Mei'i-bah Naz-a-ren©' Fat'a-ra Me-rib'ba-ai Naz'a-roth Pa-te'o-U Mer'-i-motb Naz'a-rite Pa-the'us Me-ro'dach Ne-a-ri'ah Patb-ni'sim Me-ron'o-tbite Neb'a-i Pat'ro-bas Mesh-el-e-mi'ab Ne-bai'oth Ped'a-hel Me-sbez'a-bel Ne-bajotb Ne-barlat Ped'ah-zur Me-ahez'a-be-el Ped-t^i'b Pek-^ xh Me-shiMa'mith Neb-u-chad-nez'zar Me-shll'le-inotb Neb-u-chod-on'o-sor Pel-a-i ab • Me-sbo'bab Neb-u-chas'ban Pel-a-U'ab Me-sbul'lam Neb-u-zar'a-dan Pel-a-ti'ah Me-sbul'le-mitb Ne-co'dan Peleth-ite« Mes'-o-bah Ned-a-bi'ab Pe-li'as Mes'-o-ba-ite Ne-e-mi'as Pero-nite Mes-o-po-tft'mia Mes-si'ab Neg^i-noth Pe-ni'el Ne-bel'a-mite Pe-nin'nab Mes-si'as Ne-be-mi'ab Pen'ni-nah Me-te'rus Ne-be-mi'as Pen-tap'o-lis Meth're-datb Ne-bush'tab Pen'ta-teucb Me-tbu'sa-el Ne-husb'tan Pen'te-cost Me-thu'se-lab Ne'i-el Pe-nu'el Me-u'nim Ne-ko'da PeFa-zim Mez'a-hab Ne-mu'el Per'ga-moa Pe-n'da Mi'a-min Ne-mu'el-iics Mi-ca'iab (-Aa'-) Ne-pbish'e-siin PeFiz-zitea Mi'cba-el Nepn-tbali PeFine-nas Mi-cha'iah Nep'tho-ab Per-u'da Micb'me-thab Nepb'tu-im Petb-a-hi'ab Mid'i-an-itea Ne-pbu'sim Pe-thu'el Mig'da-lel Ne're-us Pe-ul'tbai Ne-ri'ab Pbac'a-retb Mik-nei'ah Ne-thaa'e-el Phai'sur MU-a-la'i Netb-a-ni'ab Phal-dalus Mi-ni'-a min Netb'i-iuius Pha-le'as Mir'i-am Ne-to'pbab Phal'ti-el Mish'a-el Ne-topb'a-tbites Ne-zi'ah Pba-nu'el Mi'she-al Pbar'a-cim Misb-man'na Nic-o-de'mus Pba'ra-ob (Pal-*. Misb'ra-ites Nic-o-la'i-tans Phar-a-tbo'nl Mi$'pe-reth Nic'o-las Pha'rez-ites Mi$'ra-iin Nin'e-veh FhaFi-sees Mitb'ri-datb Nin'e-vites Pha'se-ah Miz'ra-im No-a-di'ab Pba-selis Mo'ab-ites No'e-ba Pbasl-ron Mo-a-di'ab Nom'a-des Pbe-ni'ce Mol'a-dah Mo-o-si'as No-me'ni-uz Pbib'e-seth Phi-laFcbea Mo'rasb-ite Ob-a-di'ab Pbi-le'mon Mo'ras-tbite O'chi-el Piu-le'tus Mor'de-cai Oc-i-delus (O 3 -) Pbi-lis'ti-a Mor'esh-etb Oc'i-iia (0«'i-na) Pbi-lis'tiiu Mo-ri'ab O-dollam Pbi-lislines Mo-se'rah Od-on-ar'kea Phi-loro-gus Mo-soriam Ol'a-mus Pbil-o-m^tor Mo-so'rotb Oil-vet Pbin'e-as Mo*8ul'la-mon O-lym'phas Phin'e-haa Mutb-lab'beu Om-a-e'nis Phy-gellua Myt-e-le'ne O'me-ga O-nesl-mus Pby-lac'te-riea Pi-ba-bTroth Na'a-mah On-e-siph'o rua PU'e-tha Na'a-man O-ni'a-res Pir'a-tbon Na'a-ma-tbitee O-ni'as Pir'a-tbon-ite Na'a-mitea O-ny'as Poch'e-reth Na'a-rah On'y-cba Pon'tl-uz Pilate Na^a-rai 0-ri'on PoFa-tba Na'a-ran Or-tbo-si'^ Potl-pbar Na'a-ratb O-sai'aa Po-tipb'e-ra Na-asb'on 0-Je'aa Procb'o-rua Na'a-thu« O'she-a Pu-te'o-li Nab-a-ri'as Na ba-the'ans Os'si-frage Otb'ni-el Pu'ti-ei Na'batb-itea Oth-o-ni'aa Ra'a-mah Na-dab'a-tba O-zi'as Ra-a-mi'ah Na-ba'bi O'zi-el Ra-am'ses /fa-ha'U el Na-harial 0-zo'ra Rab-bo'ni Rabsa-ces NaTia-lol Pa'a-rai Rab'sa-ris Na-ham'a-ni Pa'gi-el Rab'sha-keh Na-har'a-i Pai^a-dise Rad'da-i Na'i-diis Par-niasb'ta Rag'u-a Na-ne'a Pai*'-me-nas Ra-gu'el Na'o-mi Par-sban'da-tha Ra-matb-a'iia Naph'i'Si Par'u-ab Ram'a-them Naph'tba-ll Par- valm Ralnatb-ite Naph'tu-kim Pas-dam'roin Ra-iue'ses Na-thaii'a-el Pa-se'ab Ra-mi'ah Nath-a-Di'aa Pass'o-ver Ra'pba-el Eapk'a>im liath'u-mufl Re-a-i'ah Ke-bec'ca Re'cbab-itea Ke-el-ai'ah Re-el-i'as Ree>sa'ias Ke-gem'm&-leth Re-iia-bi'ab Re-ho-bo'am Ke-b(/botn Rem-a-Ji'a}! Re'pba-el Reph-a*i'ah Reph'a-im Heph'i-dim Re-u'el Re-zi'a Rbe'CT-uin Rboao-cui Ro-ge'lina Rol-mus Ro-iiiam'tI-«'4€y RuTia-mah Rus'ti-cua Sa-bac>tha'iil Sab'a-otb Sab'a-tus Sab-ba-tbe'u8 Sab-be'ua Sab-de'ua Sa-be'ans Sa^te-cba Sad-a-mi'aa Sad-de'us Sad^du-cees Sa-ha-du'tha Sal-a-sad'a-l 8a-la'tbi-el Salla-i Sal-lu'mus Sal-mo'ne 8a-lo'me Sam'a-el 8a-ma'iai 8a-ma'ri-a Sa-mar'i-taru Sam^a>tu8 8a-mei'us Samp'sa-mes Sam'u-el San-a-baa'aa-rw San'a-sib San'bariat San'be-drlm San-san'nah Saph-a-ti'aa 8ap-pbi'-ra Sar-a-bl'aa 8ar-a-i'ab Ba-i^laa Sa-rain'a-el. Sar'a-mel Sar-ebed'o-nu* Sar'de-us Sar'di-us Sar'do-nj'x Sa're-a Sa-rep'ta 8a-ro'tbi Sar-se'cbiio SatU-ra-baz'ne» . Sav'a-ran. Sa'vi-as Sce'Ta (Se'va) Scytb'i-ana Scy-thoiyo-ii* Sec'a-cab 8ech-e*ni'as 8ed-e-cFaa 8e'i-raUi Sebe'mi'as Sem-a-chi^aii 8em-a-i'ab Som-a-i'aa [ xviii } Pe-iiierie-ufl Sca'a-ali beii-na-ehe'rib Ren'u-ah Se-o'rim Seph'^a-rad Seph-ar-valin Be^phar-vites Be-phe'la Se-re-i'ah Ser'a-phiHi Sha-al-ab'bin Sha-al'bim Sha-arbo-nite 8ha-a-ra'im Sha-ash'gas Sheb-beth'-a-l Shach'i-a Shad'da-i 8ba-hazl-math ShaVi-sha Shal'le-chetli Sbal'nia-i Shal-ma-ne'ser 8tiam-a-ri'ah Sham-mu'ali Sham-she-ra'i 8har'a-i Shar'a-im Shar'ma-im Sha-re'zer Sha'r(Mi-lte Sha-rulien Shash-al Sha'ul-ites Slia-u'sha 81ie-arti-el She-a-ri'ahi 8he-ar-ja'shub Sheb-a-ni'ali Sheb'a-rirD 8heb'ii-el SheC'&-xd'ah She'chem-ites Sheeli'i-nali Shed'e-ur She-ha-ii'ati Sb«'lan-it68 Shel-e-nTi'ab Shero-mi Bliero-rriith Shel'o-moth She-lu'mi-ei 8hein'a-a]i Shem-a-i'ah 8hem-a-ri'ah Shem'e-ber Rhe-mi'da 8ht'm'i-u)th She-mir'a-molii She-mu'el Sfce-oa'iisLi 8heph-a-ti'ah Slie-pUu'^liaii 8her-e-bi'ab She-re'zer : .Sbesh-baz'zat Shib'bo-leth I Sliig-gai'on i -) I Shil'len is I Shi-lo'ah - Shi-lo'ni 81ii-lo'iiite8 Shim'e-a Sliim'e-ah Shim'e-ani Shim'e-ath-itt« Shim'e-i Shim'e-on. Sium'ronites Shit'ra-i Sho^ba-i Sho-sban'nim Shu'ba-el Sbu'ham-ites 8\u'lain-ite Bhu'math-ites Sbu'nam-ite Sbu'pham-ite Shu'tbal-ites 8bu'the-lali Si'a-ka Sib'ba-chjli Sib'bo-letb Sib'ra-im Si-gi'o-noth Sii^-ab Sil'o-as Sil'o-e Si-mal-i'a Zer'e-dah Ze-red'a-tbab Zer'e-rath Ze-ru'ah Ze-rub'ba-bel Zer-u-i'ah Zer-Ti'ah Zib'e-on Zib'i-oil Zid-ki'juh Zi-do'ni-aiis Zipb'i-on Zip-po'rah Zo-be'bah ZoTie-letli Zon'a-raB Zo'ratb-iteS Zo're-ah Zo-rob'a-bfel Zu'ri-el Zu-ri-Bhad da i [ xix ] PKONUNCIATION OF THB EUEOPEAN LANGUAGES. [n confoimity with the genw'il objects of a Pronouncing Dictionary, we shali here introduce some asofui orthoSpical rules for the correct pronunciation of those i!luioi)oan names which are per¬ petually occurring in the course of reading or conversation. The four leading languages of Europe, which are most generally studied by the English, are French, German, Italian and Spanish ; and therefore to thorn we shall confine our summary— merely premising that the Dutch, Swedish, and Danish very much assimilate to the German, and Portuguese to the Spanish. Hence wiU a knowledge of the following mlas be the means of iireventing any ludicrous errors in pronouncing the names of foreign places or persons. FRENCH The vowel a, in French, is generally consi¬ dered as having two distinct sounds ; the first long (pas), as in the English word far; the second short (bal), as in hat. The circumflexed &, however, has a sound broader than a in pas, being intermediate between that in far and that in fall. E has three sounds: the first short and.acute, like e in met, as ete; the second open, and more prolonged, like a in hate, as tcie ; and the third obscure, as in battery (retour). I is distinguished by two sounds : first nearly as in the EngUsh word Jig (it) ; the second like \e va field, as exile. 0 has three sounds: first nearly as in robe (trCne); second, as in rob (parole); third, as in lard (corps). U has not a precise equivalent in English, but it is nearly like the vocal sound of ue in hue; but with the nasal n, as in un, it takes the sound of ung. T is similar to the French i. Ai is likefe or a. Au is Uko 6. Ei is like h. Eu is similar to the English u in tub, but the sound is more prolonged, nearly resembling u in fur. le is like ee in English, or I. Oi usually sounds like w^, e.g. moi is pro¬ nounced mw3. or mwbh. Ou sounds like oo in English. B. c, d, f, k, p, t, V, and 2 , are the same as in English. G, before a, 0 , and u, is hard, as in the English word gap; before e, i, and y, it is soft, haw.ng the sound of 2 ft, or of s in pleasure. Gu NAMES. sounds like g hard; thus, gue, guide, are pro. nounced g5,, gheed. H is never pronounced in French so forcibly as in English. Some orthoepists say that ft has no sound in French. J sounds like soft g in French, or s7t in Eng¬ lish. L has usually the the same sound as in Eng¬ lish ; but when it ends a word, being preceded by i, or when ll follows i, in any situation, it usually has what is called its liquid sound. Thi.s may be said to answer nearly to the sound of Hi in million, the sound of I in .such cases being blended with that of y (consonant); e. g. papUlon is pronounced jiS'-peel'-yfin'; Chantilly, shan'-teel'-ye', &c. M and N, when followed by a vowel, or when double, have the same soimd as in English ; but when at the end ef a word (not immediately followed by another word beginning with a vowel), or when followed by anotlier consonant in the middle of a word, they have what is termed the nasal sound, which resembles that of ng, as in long, pang, &c., but is somewhat softer ; thus, m and n are nasal in such words as comparer, contents, but have their natural sound in such as commune, connu. Q or qu, in French, generally sounds like k ; e.g. quel is pronounced kel; qui, kee, &c. K is like the Engltsh, but is trilled more strongly, especially when it precedes another consonant, or stands at the end of a word, as in vertu, punir ; iu similar oases the English r is but very slightly Bounded. S, when single and between two vowels, sounds like 2 .• in other cases it is the same as in English. I XX ] X generally has the same sound as in English, but is sometimes sounded likes/ e.g. in six, pronounced seece, and SnixeUes (Brussels), pro¬ nounced Bru'-sell'; and occasionally like z, as in dixiime, de'-zo'-ame'. Ch is like sh in English : th is like t. Gn (the same as in the Italian) has a sound which blends that of n and y (consonant), or, in other words, is equivalent to the sound of m in minion. Thus Avignon is pronounced S'-veon'- y6n. The vowel e at the end of a word, when not marked with an accent, is invariably mute, e.g. in park, contents, &c. The French consonants, when occurring at theendof aword, aregenerallynotpronounced, unless they are immediately followed by a word beginning with a vowel; as in content, Bor¬ deaux, and dents. If, however, they are fol¬ lowed by a mute e, or any other vowel, they must always be articulated, e.g. contente, dente, &c. It may be observed that the French lan¬ guage has no accent in the sense in which we employ this term. The marks called accents, that are placed over the different vowels, serve only to indicate some particular sounds of these letters. Thus the accent over the e in parli serves to show that this vowel has_ its first French sound, and at the same time distinguishes it from parle, another form of the s.ame verb, in which the e is mute. The circumflex imparts to the vowels over which it is placed, a_ longer and deeper sound than ordinaiy; e.g. in Jiate, temple, gite, and apttre. GERMAN A, in German, usually sounds as in the English word far, though sometimes approxi¬ mating the a \nfat. £, when long, sounds like a in fate; when short, like e in met: frequently, however, it ba.s an obscure sound, like e in battery. /, long, sounds like i in marine (or ee in Eiiglish); i, short, like i in pit. 0, long, is like that in no; o, short, like that in oa. U, long, is like oo in cuckoo ; u, short, is like 00 in good. F sounds like the German i. Ae, or a, is similar to the German e, or to the English a in fate. Oe, or 5, nearly resembles the tu in French, but has no parallel sound in English; the sound in our language nearest to it is that of e in tier, or u in fur; the German poets often rhyme it with e (a or e). Ue, or ti, is like the French u. Au is equivalent to the English ou in our. Au and eu resemble in sound the Engli.sh oi, as in oil. El and ey have the sound of i in mine. Ai is similar to the oreceding, but some¬ what broader. Ft sounds like oo e. le is equivalent to ee in English. I'ne consonants /, k, I, m, n, p, g, t, and x, are pronounced as in English. B and d, at the beginning of a word, have the same sound as in English; at the end of a word, b is pronounced like p, and d like i. C, before o, o. and u, sounds hke k; before t, i, and y, like ts. Ch has a sound unknown in our language. NAMES. and which, consequently, can be learned from an oral instructor only. It somewhat resem¬ bles that of our h, with a strong aspiration: after a, o, and u, it is guttural; for example, in the word ach. When it follows e, i, S,, 6, ti, a«, or eu, it seems to be sounded more in the palate, as iu ich. G, at the beginning of a word, sounds as in the English word get. In other situations it should be pronounced like the German ch. In some German dialects, however, it is sounded, in all cases, nearly like g hard iu English. H is pronounced only when it begins a word. G and h, occurring after a vowel, lengthen its sound; e. g. in Tag, Z3.hl, Flbh, Ac. When g and h occur in the middle of a com¬ pound word, they have the same sound as when they are initial. Fhas the sound of the English y (consonant). Q is only used before u, and sounds as iu the English word quit. B. is pronoimoed like rr in the English word terror, but somewhat more strongly. S, at the beginning of a word, or between two vowels, is like z; iu other cases it is sharp, as in this. Ss is always shaip. Sch sounds like the English sh; sz, like ss. Th is pronounced like t. V sounds like / in English, except when between two vowels ; it is then usually pro¬ nounced like our v. W resembles our v ; but in pronouncing it the upper teeth should not be allowed to touch the lower lip, as is done in uttering the English V. Z and tz sound like is. ITALIAN NAMES. A, in Italian, is like the English a in far, though its sound varies somewhat in different situations. E has two sounds : first close, as a in fate ; lecond open, like fin met. I is like e iu me, or i in Jig. 0 has two sounds: first close, as in note ; second open, similar to o in not, but rather broader. U is like oo in Engli.sh. [ xxi ] Ai aiv3 au. In Italian, are proper diphthongs. Accordingly, Cairo is to be pronounced ki'-ro, and Ausa, ou'-sA, &c. The consonants 6 , d,/, I, m, n, p, q, s, t, and V, are similar to the English. /C, w, X, and y, are not used by the Italians, except in spelling foreign names. C and ce, before a, o, and u, are sounded like i ; before e, i, and y, like ch or tsh. As c, when immediately before a, o, or u, is never pronounced like ch, in order to express this sound in such cases, the vowel i is inserted; O’us, cia, do, du, are pronounced did, cho, choo. Ch is employed to express the sound of k fore e and i. G, before a, o, and u, is hard, as in the English word get; before e, i, and y, it sounds like the Bnglisii j; gia, gio, giu, are pronounced d, jo, joo. Oh is used to express the sound of hard g before e and i. Oli has the sound of the liquid I (1), or of li in million ; thus Boglio is pronounced bole'-yo. On has the same sound as in French ; or, in other words, is like the Spanish n; e. g. Bologna is pronounced bo-lone'-yA H is never sounded in Italian. J, at the be^nning of a syllable, is Uke the English y (consonant) ; at the end of a word, it is equivalent to ii (Italian). B. resembles the French, but is trilled some¬ what more strongly. Sc, before e and i, is like the English sh ; e. g. Sdo is pronounced Shee'-o. Zhaa commonly the sound of dx in English ; zz is pronounced like te. NAMES. G, before a, o, and u, is hard, as in English. ffua and guo sound somewhat like gwd, gwo, but the g is so soft that it is scarcely perceived; so that in these cases the sound of gu seems to approximate very nearly to that of the English w. Gu, before e and f, is usually sounded Uke g hard; thus, Guiana is pronounced ghe-hn'-A H, in Spanish, is never pronounced, except in words beginning with hue, and then very slightly. LI (now sometimes written 1), has a sound which combines that of I and y (consonant), and is similar to the liquid I in French; e.g. villa or Vila is pronounced veel'-yA: Llerena, lya- r5,'-nd,. N, in a similar manner, unites the sounds of n and y, and is like jm in French; thus peiia, is pronounced pane'-yA Q, in Spanish, is always followed by u. Qu, before a and o, is sounded as in English; or, in other words, is equivalent to ku>; before e and i it is pronounced like k, unless the u be marked with a diseresis, in which case it is like kw. B. is similar to the French, but is trilled moio strongly. T is to be pronounced by putting the tip of the tongue against the upper teeth. X is usually sounded like the Spanish j, which letter, according to the present mode of spell¬ ing, ha%been generally substituted for it: thus, instead of the old spelling, Ximcnes, Xutar^ ifec., we now see Jimenti, Juzar, 3,569 Flint . 69,737 76,312 I 6,575 Brecon . 61,627 59,901 D 1,726 Glamorgan. 317,752 397,859 I 80,107 Cardigan . 72,245 73,441 I 1,196 Meriojjeth. 38,963 46,598 I 7,635 Carmarthen ... 111,796 115.710 I 3,914 Mohtfbmery... 66,919 67,623 I 704 Carnarvon. 95,694 106,121 I 10,427 Pembroke . 96,278 91,998 D 4,280 Denbigh. 100,778 105,102 I 4.324 Radnor . 25,382 25,430 1 48 [ iliv j POPULATION IN CITIES AND BOKOUGHS IN ENGLAND AND WALES, HAVING DEFINED MUNICIPAL OK PARLIAMENTARY LIMITS. .*. These statements of the Population of the principal Cities and Boroughs hare been furnished generally by the Superintendent Registrars, and refer to the Parliamentary or the Municipal limits, or to both where co-extensive as defined by the letters placed after the names of places—Yiz., M. Municipal limits; P. Parliamen¬ tary limits i M. and P., Municipal and Parliamentary limits co-extensive. Abingdon . aec. . p. Andover . M. ?. Arundel . M. Ashton-under-Lyne M. . Aylesbury . P. Banbury . sr. r. Barnsley . n. Barnstaple .. H. ft .. P. Barrow-in-Fvu*nes8 K. Basingstoke .., M. Bath. . M. r. Batley . H. Beaumaris Distriot of Boroughs . Beccles. u. Bedford . , M. &P. Berwick - on - Tweed . Ai. 216 7,07s 6,87s D 200 3,137 3,641 1504 4,231 4,811 IS90 8,373 10,493 I 2yII9 9,368 15,415 I 6,047 6,336 7,681 f 1,345 7,OCX) 8,208 I 1,208 10,864 11,786 1 922 L 1 X 7 J Cockermouth ... JP. Colchester . 1£. & P. Congleton . Coventry . 3X. P. Crick’iade. P. Darlington . M. & T. Dartmouth . K. Daventry . Deal . H. Denbigh Dist. 1 L P. of Boroaghs j Derby . H. P. Devizes. , H. &P. Devonport . Dewsbury. . , M. P. Doncaster . M. Dorchester . . H. &P. Dover . . M.&P. Droitwich . . H. >» .♦••• . P- Dudley . . M. . P. Dunstable . , M. Durham City .. . H. *t >1 ’* Evesham . P. . M.& P. Exeter City . M. »> »> . . P- Eye . M. P. Falmouth . . Faversham . . M. Finsbury . .. P* Flint Dist. of l « Boroughs Folkestone . M, Glastonbury Glossop . Gloucester . Goda”miiig . Godmanchester Grantham . Gravesend . Great Grimsby >» . Great Marlow... Great Yarmouth. Greenwich . Guildford .. iSoi. 1,°S1 * 3,809 13,344 40,93b 41,647 36,893 15.789 4,444 4.134 7.531 17,888 43.091 43,091 6,638 50,440 64,783 18,148 16,406 6,823 35,335 3.134 7,086 44.951 44.975 4,470 14,088 14,088 4,680 33,738 41.749 3,430 7.038 5,709 5,858 Increase or 1871 . Decrease. 6,936 D 36.343 11.344 37.670 41,348 43,033 I2I I 2,534 D 1,000 D 3,366 D 399 I 6,739 27,739 I 11,94° 5,338 4,051 8,009 20,234 49,810 61,381 6,839 49,449 64,034 24,764 54,940 18,768 6 , 91 s 28,506 3.504 9 , 51 ° I 894 D 73 I 478 I 2,336 I 6,719 I 18,390 1 201 D 991 D 749 I 6,616 I 2,363 I 93 I 3,181 1 380 I 2,424 4.558 14.406 14,833 4,888 34 . 65 ° 44,2*6 2,396 6,721 5.394 7.198 387,378 452,484 18,845 33,989 43,783 D 1,169 82,249 I 37.374 Frome . Gateshead. ti.&r- M. M. M. P. M. U. H. P. M. P. U. P. P. M. P. K. P. Hackney . ?• Halifax. M.&p. Hanley. m- Hartlepool . m. . p. Harwich ......... Haatinfs 9.434 9,532 33,587 3.496 16,513 16,513 *,331 2,438 4.954 11,121 18,783 13,698 9,753 48,637 3,668 17.046 18,341 I 88 I 318 I 745 I 308 I 912 I 2,477 D 34 D 317 D 48 S I 1,340 1 63,206 I 4,144 I 3,364 I 231 I 15,040 1 172 I 1,829 3!;844 I 1^332 3.444 1 123 D 75 2,444 3,363 3,038 1 74 13,250 I 3,129 21,265 I 3,483 27,49s 11,067 20,344 13,060 36,983 6,496 6,637 34,810 41,819 139,436 169,361 8,030 9,106 8,030 9,801 311,153 363,378 1 51,336 37,014 65,510 I 28,496 31,953 39,976 13,345 13,166 37.475 38,303 5,070 6,079 33,837 » 5 S *91 98.991 ihtif I 9.177 I 11,932 I 131 I 7,009 I 29,925 1 1,086 I 1,781 I 8,023 I 931 1 828 I 1,009 I 6,454 I J 9 * 4 ao Haverfordwest District of Boroughs Hedon . Helston. sst ') Increase or i§ 8 i. 1871 . Decrease. p. 9,821 9,469 D 353 Hereford .M Hertford . 99 . Honiton . Horsham . Huddersfield ... >» Hull . Huntingdon. Hythe . u. u. p. & p. M. P. K. P. M. P. M. P. M. P. M. P. 975 3,843 8,497 15,585 6,769 6,769 3,301 6,747 60,944 34.877 97,661 996 3,797 8,760 18,347 7,169 7,894 3,464 7.831 70,2.53 74,358 131,892 97,661 123,408 3,816 6,254 3,001 31,367 4,243 6,606 3,383 34,078 Kendal.. &p Kidderminster King’s Lynn ... .* Kingston-on- I'hames . Knaresborough Lambeth. Lancaster . Launceston. Lewes ... Lichfield Lincoln.., Liskeard M. &P. 37,95° 42,947 H. &Pv 12,029 13,446 H. 15,399 19!473 P. 15,399 30,814 M. 16,170 16,563 P. 16,170 17,366 } 9,790 15,263 P. 5,402 5,205 P. 294,883 379,048 M. 14,487 17,245 2,790 2,935 P. 5,140 5,468 M. & P- 307,165 359,212 M. &P- 68,056 95,220 M.&P. S .658 5,863 P. 9,716 10,753 M. & P. 6,893 7,347 M. & P. 20,999 36,766 M. 4,689 4,700 P. 6 , 58 s 6,576 Liverpool. m. &p. 443,93^8 493.405 Llandovery , London City.i Longton . Louth . Ludlow . Lyme Regis ... Lyraington. Macclesfield. Maidenhead ... Maidstone . MalA’on . I> , . Malmesbury ... Malton. Manchester. » ^ . Mare:ate .. Marlborough! ... t9 Marylebonc. Merthyr Tydvil Middlesboroufh 1,885 113,063 K. 16,690 M. 10,560 M. 5,178 P. 6,033 3,318 M. M. 3,631 P. 5,179 H. 36,101 P. 36,101 1 C. ' 3,895 M. 33,016 P, 23,058 4,785 M. P. 6,361 P. 6,881 P. 8,073 K. 338,722 P. 357,979 M. 8,874 M. 3,684 P. 4,893 P. 436,252 P. 83,875 I , 861 74,897 19,748 10,500 5,087 6,203 2,333 2,474 5,356 35,450 35,570 6,173 36,196 36,337 5,586 7,151 6,879 8,168 351,189 379,374 II , 995 3,660 5,034 477,532 97,030 19,563 I 21 D 46 I 263 1 2,763 I 400 I 1 , 12 s 1 163 I 1,084 I 9,309 139,481 1 24,331 i 25,747 1 427 1 352 I 382 I 2,711 I 4,997 I 1,417 1 4,074 1 5,415 1 392 I 1,096 1 5,473 D 197 I 84,165 I 2,758 f 145 I 328 I 52,047 1 27,164 1 205 I 1,037 1 454 1 S .767 X II D 9 I 49,467 D 34 D 37,166 3.058 D 60 D 91 I 170 1 IS D 147 I 177 D 651 D 531 I 2,378 I 3,180 1 3,179 1 801 I 890 D 3 I 96 I 13,467 I 21,395 I 3,131 D 24 I 141 I 41 , 2 ^ I 13,145 I [ ] Newark. m. & p. Newbury. m. Newcastle - on -1 „ „ Tyne . N’castle-under- i „ ^ „ Lyme.j-M. &p. Newport (Isle of W.) m. fy yy - Northallerton... p. Northampton... M. yy P. Norwich . jr. & p. Nottingham. ii. & p. Oldham . u. p. ... M. ... M. Increase or i86i. 1S71. Decrease. 46,621 6.40s 6,553 I 348 3 o,S 77 38,771 I 8,194 18,036 18,655 I 641 4,296 4,515 I 231 13.794 30,239 I 16,445 11,515 12,195 I 680 6,161 6,603 I 441 109,108 128,443 I 19,335 12,938 15,948 I 3,010 7.934 7.934 4,755 32,813 32,813 74,891 74,693 72,333 7,956 8,522. 4,961 41,168 45,080 80,386. 86,621 82629 Oswestry Oxford .. 94,344 113,100 5,414 27,560 7,306 31,404 Pembroke Dist, of Boroughs Penryn . Penryn & Palm Penzance. Peterborough . Petersfield . Plymouth. Pontefract . Preston. Kadnor District of Boroughs Reading . Reigate. Retford, East... p. 25,560 34,483 1 21.773 22,785 M. 3,347 3,659 auth p. 14,483 16,819 JI. 9,414 10,414 . P. 11,733 17.434 . V. 3,633 6,104 . M. 63,399 68,738 . P. 62,599 5o,oqi K. 3,346 3,330 P. 11,736 11,633 . M. & P. 9,739 10,097 . M. & P. 94.799 113,369 11 . & P. 82,983 83,427 1 7,106 5,026 , M.& P. M. M. ., ••• P. Richmond (Yorks) m. p. Ripon . Rochdale ... »> ... Kochester... iionipoy. liotlierham Hyde. Kye . M. A v. M. P. A p. 31. 1 - 1 . M. M. P. U. n. 31 . M. p Salford .11 & p. Salisbury . Ji. yy . P, Sandwich. m. Sandwich and Deal p. S.alfron Walden St. Albans . St. Helens . St. Ives (Cornwall) 25,045 9,975 2,982 47,330 4,290 5,134 6,152 38,114 38,184 16,862 2,116 ig.coo 9,269 3,738 8,202 5,474 7,65s 18,396 7,025 10,353 102,449 12,258 12,258 2,944 13,750 32,324 15,916 3,194 49,257 4.443 5.358 6,So6 44,559 63,485 18,352 2.056 25,085 11,260 3.863 8,290 5,718 8,298 45,134 6,965 9,992 124,801 12,903 13.839 3,060 14,885 I 22 I 588 I 206 8,355 I 12,265 I 5.495 I 11,928 I 10,296 I 18,556 I 1,892 1 3.844 I 6,922 I 1,0x4 I 132. I 2,334 1 1,000 I 5,699 f 449 I 6,159 1 5,493 I 4 D 83 I 33 . 8 , I 18,550 I 2,443 D 80 I 5.259 f 5,941. I 212 I 1.92.5 1 153 I 2.24 T I ^ 6,445 I 2.5,50; I 1,490 D^'6.0 I 6,087 1 1,991 11.25 1 88 I 244 f 623 I 26,538 I) 62 D 361 I 22,352 I 625 I 1,561 I 116 I 1,135 Increase or 1861. 1851. Decrease. Scarborough ...m. &p. 18,355 24,259 I 5,882 Shaftesbury. M, 2,495 2,452 D 25 „ . P. 8,983 8,961 D 23 Sheffield . m. &' p. 185,153 239,946 I 54,554 Shoreham, New p. 32,622 35,984 I 5,362 Shrewsbury. m. & p. 22,163 23,406 I 1,243 Southampton ...m. &p. 46,960 53,541 I 6,581 South Molton... m. 3,830 3,958 I 148 Southport. u. 8,940 18,086 I 9,146 South Shields... M. & p. 35,239 45,336 I 10,095 Southwark . p. 193,593 208,535 I 15,133 South wold . 5f. 2,032 3,155 I 123 Staff,ird . u. 12,532 14,435 f 1,905 .„ , . P, '2,532 15,946 I 3,414 Stalgyhridge ... m. 24,921 21,092 I 3,829 1, ... P. 31.114 Stamford. m. 8,045 7 io D 201 . P, 8,045 8,ob6 I 39 Stockport.M. & p, 54,681 53,014 D 1,665 fitookton-on-Tecs m. 13.355 25,538 I 14,381 „ P, 37,612 Stoke-upon-Trent p. 101.205 130,985 I 29,55.8 Stratford-on-Avon m. 3,652 3,863 I 191 Stroud . p. 35,515 ,18,610 I 3,093 Sudbury . m. 6,859 6,908 [ 29 Sunderland. m. 58,311 98,342 I 20,031 „ P, 85,595 104.409 t 18,612 Swansea District 1 ^ .. ' ■ ' „ of Boroughs ■ I 80,552124,088 Tamworth . m, 4,326 4,589 I 263 „ P. 10,192 11,493 I 1.301 Taunt.on . p, 14,665 15,466 I 599 Tavistock. p. 8,855 7,725 D 1,133 Tenterden . u. 3,562 3,669 D 93 Tewkesbury. m. & r. 5,856 5,409 D 467 Tl'.etford . jn. 4,208 4,166 'D 42 . P. 5,350 5,734 I 384 liverton . m.Ap. 10,447 10,024 P 423 Torrington, Groat m. 3,298 3,529 I 231 Totnes . ji. 4,001 4,053 'I 53 Tower Hamlets p, 336,693 391,590 I 45,095 Tpupo .'..... M&p. 11,335 11,049 b‘288 Tynemouth and.) „ o r' "" NorthShields'):’^-®^- 34,o2i 38,941 I 4,920 Wakefield. u. 23,350 28,069 I 4,519 r ‘j. *3,150 28,069 1 4,919 Wajlingford. m. 2,593 2,953 I 159 . P- 7.794 8,353 f; 559 P'9“all. M. 35,560 46,445 I $,6.85 >• , . P- 37,760 49,018 I 11,25s Warcham . p. 6,694 6,532 ,D 163 Wi'rington ... ir. 26,431 32,144 I 5,513 , P- 26,945 33,050 I 6,103 li.irwi.ck . M. & p. 10,550 10,986 I 416 Wedueslmry . p. 105,315 116,809 I 11,202 \\ ells (Somerset) m. 4,648 4,518 D 130 Wenlock .M. 19.699 19,401 p 298 _ yy . P. 21,590 21,308 b 383 Westbury (Wilts) p. 6,495 6,396 15 99 Hestramster ... p. 254,623 246,606 D 8,017 Weymouth and 1 „ p „ ' ' „ Mel. Regis 11,383 13,259 I 1,856 . p 22,051 13,094 I 1,043 Whitehaven. p. 18,842 18,451 ‘D 391 . M. & P. 35,658 39,110 I 1,413 ^iltpu. p. 8,655 8.865 Tiis Winchester ppy m. 4 p. 14,556 16,366 I 1,5^0 t IXTil ] Windsor .. h. Wis’S*eaoh . k. Wolyerhamptoa u •> . '• Woodstock . t . Increase or i86i. 1871. Decrease. 9,5*0 11,769 I a,a^ 9,520 i7,a8i I 7,761 9,276 9,363 I 86 60,800 68,391 I 7,431 147,670 156,978 I 9,308 7 . 8*7 7.477 I> 35® Woroester City k. » Yeovil . M. York City . K, .. . '• Increase or 1861. 1871. Decrease. 31.227 33.226 I 1,999 31,227 38,116 I 6,889 7.957 8 . 5*7 1 570 40.433 43,796 I 3.363 45.385 50,705 1 5,380 COUNTIES OP SCOTLAND. TOTAL POPULATION Aberdeen . 221,539 244,607 I 23,068 Argyle . 79,724 75,635 D 4,089 Ayr. 198.971 200,745 I 1,774 Banff. 59,215 62,010 I 1,895 Berwick. 36,613 36,474 D 139 Bute . 16,331 16,977 I 646 Caithness. 41,111 39,989 D 1,122 Clackraamian . 21,450 23,743 I 3,292 Dumbarton . 52,034 58,839 I 6,805 Dumfries . 75,878 74,794 D 1,084 Edinburgh . 273,997 328,335 I 54,338 Elgin . 43,322 43,598 1 276 Fife . 154,770 160,310 I 5,540 Forfar . 204,425 237,528 I 33,093 Haddington... 37,634 37 , 77 ° I 136 Inverness. 88,261 87,480 D 781 Kincardine . 34,466 34,651 I 185 1861. 3,062,294 Kinross. Kirkcudbright. Lanark. Linlithgow . Nairn .. Orkney. Peebles. Perth. Eenfrew . Ross and Cromarty Roxburgh . Selkirk. Shetland . Stirling. Sutherland . Wigtown . 1871. Increase 3,358,613 296,319 7,977 7,208 D 769 42,495 41,852 D 643 631,566 765,279 I 134,713 38,645 41,191 1 2,546 10,065 io,-2i3 I 148 32,39s 31,272 D 1,123 11,408 12,314 I 906 133,500 127,741 D 5,759 177,561 216,919 I 39,358 81,406 80,909 D 497 54,119 53,965 D 544 10,449 14,001 I 3,552 31,670 31,605 D 65 91,926 98,179 I 6,253 25,246 23,686 D 1,360 42,095 38,795 D 3,300 CITIES Aberdeen. 73 , 79 + 88,125 I 1+.431 Airdrie. 12,918 13,487 1 509 Annan. 3,473 3,170 D 303 Arbroath. 17,591 19,974 I 2.383 Ayr . 18,571 17,851 D 720 Banff . 6.780 7,439 I 759 Brechin . 7,180 7,959 I 779 Burntisland . 3,146 3265 I 119 Campbeltown. 6,042 6,638 I 586 Cupar . 5,029 5,105 I 76 Dumbarion. 8,255 ii, 4 i 4 I 3 Si 9 Dumfries . 14,024 15,435 I 1,411 Dunbar. 3.511 3.311 D 200 Dundee . 90,425 118,974 I 18,549 Dunfermline . 13,504 14,958 I 1,454 Dv’sart. 8067 8920 I 853 Edinburgh . 16S098 196,500 I 28,402 Elgin. 7,543 7:339 D 204 Falkirk. 9,029 9.S47 I 518 Forfar . 9258 11,031 I 1,773 Fori'es . 3 5 o 8 3959 I 451 Galashiels . 9,078 Glasgow . 394,857 477,156 I 82,299 Greenock . 42 100 57,138 I 15,038 Haddington. 3,897 4.004 I 107 Hamilton. 10,686 11,496 I 810 COUNTIES TOTAL POPULATION TOWNS. Inverness. 12,499 14463 I 1,964 Irvine . 7,060 6,866 D 194 Jedburgh. 3,429 3,322 D 107 Kilmarnock . 22,014 22,953 I 9,39 Kirkcaldy . 10,851 12,422 I 1,571 Kirkcudbright . 2.464 Kirkwall... 3,319 3,434 D 85 Lanark. 5,048 5,099 I 51 Eeith . 33.530 44,377 I 10,747 Linlithgow. 3,853 3,689 D 16+ Montrose . 14,563 14.548 D 15 Musselburgh . 7,422 7,513 I 91 Nairn . 3.437 4,220 I 783 Paisley . 47 , 4 i 9 48,357 I 838 Peith . 35,251 25,580 I 329 Peterhead . 7,519 8,535 I 1,010 Port-Glasgow. 7,214 9,851 I 2,367 Portobello . 4,366 5,481 I 1,115 Renfrew. 3,228 4,162 I 934 Rutherglea. 8,474 9,451 I 997 Selkirk. 4,64o St. Andrews . 5,176 6,316 I i,i 4 o Stirling. 13 846 14,276 I 430 Stranraer. ^374 5,939 D 1,665 Wick. 7,475 8,133 I 657 IRELAND. 1861. 1871. Decrease. 5,798,967 5,402,759 396,208 Antrim. 247,564 235,956 D 11,628 Armagh . 181,117 i7i,.355 D 9,762 Carlow. 57,137 51,472 D 5,665 Cavan . 153 9o6 140 555 D 13 351 Clare . 166,305 147,994 D 18,311 Cork. 464,697 437,664 D 27,033 Donegal . '237,395 217,993 D 19,403 Down . 299,302 277,775 D 21,537 Increase or i86r. 1871. Decrease. 1861. Dublin . . 410.253 405.625 D 4,627 Mayo . • 254,796 Fermanagh .... 92 688 D 13,080 Neath. . 110,373 Galway . 235.073 D 19,438 Monaghan. . 126,482 Kerry. 196,014 D 5.786 Queen’s County .. . 90,650 Kildare . 84,198 D 6,748 Roscommon . • 157.273 Kilkenny . 96,638 n 13,703 Sligo . . 124.845 King’s County . . 90 °43 75.781. D 14,963 Tipperary . . 244,732 Leitrim . 95.324 D 9,420 Tyrone . . 238,500 liimerick . 151.485 D 21,316 Waterford. 110,959 Ijondondeiry.... . 163.334 148,690 D 14,644 Westmeath . . 90,879 Longfoid . 64.40S D 7,286 Wexiord. . 143 954 Louth. 84,198 D 6,515 Wicklow . • 86,479 CITIES AND TOWNS. Arm.igb. 7,866 D 1,103 Galway . . 16,967 Bellasr . 174.394 I 52,793 Kilkenny . . 14,174 Cariickfergus . 9.452 I 30 Limerick. . 44,476 Cashel. 4.374 3.976 D 398 Londonderry. 20,875 Cork . 78,382 D 1,739 Waterford. 23,393 Drogheda . 14 389 0 351 Youghal.. Dublin. 245.723 D 9,086 1871. 245.855 94.480 112,785 77,071 141,246 115.311 212,234 215,668 99,488 78,416 132,506 78,509 Increase or Decrease. D 8,941 n 15 893 D 13,967 K 13.597 D 16,026 9.534 D 32,498 D 22,832 D II.471 D 12,463 I) 11,448 D 7,970 13.184 12,664 39,828 25,242 23.337 6,090 D 3 -783 D 1,510 I) 4 648 I 4.648 1 44 PKliSENI EOYAL I'AHEY OE eEEAl’ BRITAIN. QUEEN Aleiandrlna VICTORIA, only daughter of his late Royal Highness Edward, Duke of Kent; born May 24.1S19; succeeded to the throne on the decease, of her uncle, King William IV.; June 20,18.37. Pro¬ claimed June 21. Crowned June 28, 1838. Married, Feb. 10, 1840, to her cousin, Francis Albert Augustus Charles Emanuel, Duke of Sa.xony, Prince of Coburg and Gotha (born Aug. 28,1819—died December 14,1861), K.T., G.C.B,, Ac. VlCTOKlA Adelaidb Mabt Louisa, Prinocss Royal: born Not. 21, 1840. Married, Jan. 25, 1838, to Frederick William Nicholas Charles, Crown Prince of Prussia, K.G. Issue— Frederick William Victor Albert, horn Jan. 27, 18.592. Victoria Elizabeth Augusta Charlotte, born July 24, 1860S. Albert William Henry, born Aug. 14, lS62:-4. Francis Frederic Sigismund, born Sept. 15, 1861, died June 18, 1866:—.5, vFriederika Wilhelmina Amdlie Victoria,, born April 12, 1866;—6. Joachim Frederick Ernest Waldemar' “orn Feb. 10,1868 ;—7. Sophie Dorothde Ulrique Alice, born June 14, 1870:—8. Margaretta Beatrice Feodore, born April 22, 1872. Apbekt Edwaed, Prince of Wales, born Nov. 9,1841; married, March 10,1863, to Alexandra, daughter of Ctiristlan IX., King of Denmark. Issue—'i. Albert Victor Christian Edward, born Jan. 8, 1804:—2. George Frederick Ernest Albert, born June S, 1865:—3. Louise Victoria Alexandra Dagmar, born Feb. 20,1867 :—4. Victoria Alexandra Olga Mary, born July 6,1868 ;—5. Maud Charlotte Mary Victoria, born Nov. 26, 1869 :— 0. Alexander John Charles Albert, born April 0,1871; died April 7,1871. Alice Maud Mart, born April 25,1813; married, July 1, 1862, to bis Royal Highness Prince Frederick William Louis of Hesse, K.G. Issue —Victoria Alberta Elizabeth Matilda Mary, born April 5,18*5;—2. Elizabeth Alexandrine Louise Alice, born Nov 1 ,1864:—S. Irene Marie Louise Anna, born July H, 1866:—4. Ernest Louis Charles Albert Wlllinm, born Nov. 25, 1868:—5. Frederick William Augustus Victor Leopold Louis, born Oct. 7,1870; died May 29,1873:—6. Victoria Alice Helena Louise Beatrice, born June 6,1872:—7. A daughter, horn May 24,1874. Alfbed Ernest AlbekT, Duke of Edinburgh, born Aug. 6, 1844; married, Jan. 23, 1874, to the Grand Duoliess Marin-Alexandrovna, only daughter of His Majesty the Emperor of Russia, /ssitc-Alfred Alexander William Ernest Albert, born October 15,1874. Helena Augusta Victoria, born May 25, 1846; married to Prince Christian of Schleswlg-Holstein- SonderbouriT-Augustenbourg, K.G., July 5, I860.- Issue—}, Christian Victor Albert Ludwig Ernest Anton, born April 14, 1807 :—2. Albert John Charles Frederic Alfred George, born Feb. 26,1869:—S, Victoria Louise Sophie Augusta Amelia Helena, born May 3,1870:—4. Franziska, born Aug. 14,1872. Louise Caeolinb Alberta, born March 18,1848; married John, Mai quls of I AETHUE William PATEict Albert, K.G., born May 1,1850. Leopold Geoege Duncan Albert, K.G., born April 7,186J. Beaieicb Maey Vicioeia Feodose, born April 14,1857. of the late Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, King of Hanover.—George V. Frederick, ex-King of T , ,-.1. ,0.. T,..; -,r Ernest i Henrietta . , , . , . ^ , , ---4 Elizabeth Alexandrina, born December S, 1*42. Issue of the late Adolphus Frederick, Duke of Cambridge, who died July 8, 1S30.—1, George William Frederick Charles, Duke of Cambridge, K.G.; born March 26.1819:— 2 . Augusta Caroline Cliarlatte Elizabeth T.,,_ ,.,o-.... . „ , rtek"'" “■ ■ eorg* 1348 :■ BlizaDetb, born NOV. 27, 1833 ; married, June. 12,1866, Francis Paul Charles Louis Alexander, Prince of Teok Issue-}. Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Olaudlne Agues, born May 26, 1887:—2. Adolphus Charles Alexander Albert Edward George Philip Louis Ladtslaus, born Aug. 13,1868:—3. Francis Joseph Leonold Frederick, born Jan. 9, 1870. Lome, K.T., March 21 , 1871 . t xxix ] rRESENT SOVEREIGNS, PRINCES, AND DUKES OF EUROPE. Ahhal® . AuSTBO-HoifGABIAIf ElIPlBB... jSaubit. Bavaeia . Bblgittm. Beunswick. Denmaek. England. Eeancb . Geeecb . Hessb Daemsiadt . Holland . Italt . Liechtenstein. Lippe .. Lippe-Schaumeheg. Mecklbnbueg-Schwbein. Mecklenbdeg-Steeliiz . Oldenbueo. POETHGAL . Prussia . Rbuss-Geiez . Reuss-Schleiz . Roman Chuech . Russia . Saxe-Altenbubg . Saxe-Cobukg and Gotha . Saxe-Meiningen . Saie-'Weimab . Saxony . Sohwarzbubg-Rodomtadx .... SCHWABZBOBG-SoNDEEHAUSBBr Spain. Sweden and Koswat. Tuukkx.«. Waldeok . Wubiembubg. Began to Korn, reign Leopold, Duke of. i 794 ••• Francis Joseph I., Emperor of . 1830 ... 1848 Frederick William Louis, Grand Duke . 1826 ... 1836 Louis II., King of. 184S ... 1864 Leopold II., King of. 1835 ... 1865 Augustus Louis William I., Duke of . 1806 ... 1831 Christian IX., King of.. 1818 ... 1863 Alexandrina Victoria I., Queen of. 1S19 ... 1837 Marshall Mac-Malionj President of the RepuIHc ^. 180S ... 1873 George I., Prince of Denmark, King of. 1846 ... 1871 Louis III., Grand Duke of. 1806 ... 1848 William III., King of. 1817 ... 1849 Victor Emmanuel IL, King of . 1820 ... 1849 John Maria Francis Plaoide, Prince of.. 1840 ... 1858 Paul Frederick Emilius Leopold, Prince of . 1821 ... 1831 Adolphus George, Prince of . 1817 ... i860 Frederic Francis II., Grand Duke of . 1823 ... 1842 , Fred. W.Chas. Geo. Adolph. Gustavus I., Grand Duke of 1819 ... i860 Kicholas Frederick Peter I., Grand Duke of. 1827 ... 1833 Dom Louis 1 . 1838 ... 1861 William I., Emperor of Germany. 1797 ... 1861 . Henry XXII., Prince of. 1846 ... 1839 . Henry LXIX., Prince of.. 179^ ^830 . Pius IX., Pope. ' 1794 ... 1846 . Alexander Nicolaewitch, II., Emperor of. i8i8 ... 1833 . Ernest Frederic Paul George Eicholas, Duke of. 1826 ... 1833 . Ernest II., Augustus Charles, Duke of . 1818 ... 1844 . George II., Duke of. i8a6 ... 1866 . Charles Alexander Augustus John, Grand Duke of. 1818 ... 1S33 . Albert, King of. 1828 ... 1873 . George Albert, Prince of.. 1838 ... 1869 . Gunther Frederic Charles, Prince of. 1801 ... 1835 . Alfonso XII. iSj? 1873 . Oscar IL. King of.. 1829 ... 187a . Abdul Aziz Khan, Sultan . 1830 ... 1861 . George Victor, Prince of.. 1831 ... 1S43 . Charles I., King of. i 8*3 ••• '864 CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE SOVEREIGNS OF ENGLAND, FROM THE TIME OP EGBERT, THE FIRST KING. Thb S/VXons. a.d. Egbert (King of Vfosscx, who united the Saxon Heptarchy) . 823 EtUelwolf. 838 Ethelbald. 857 Ethelbert. 860 Ethelred 1 .866 Alfred the Great . .. 872 Edward I., The Elder. 900 Athelstan. 925 Edmund 1 . 941 Edred. 948 Edwig.955 Edgar, The Peaceable. 959 Edward II., The Martyr. 975 Ethered, or Ethelred II., The Unready .. 978 Edmund II., Ironside. 1016 The D.\nb3. Canute I. (the Groat), King of Denmark, Ac. • . 1017 Harold I., or Harefoot. 1036 Canute II., or Hardicanute.. .. 1039 Saxons Restored. Edward III., The Confessor. 1041 Harold II. 1066 The Normans. William I. (the Conqueror) ..lOCG, Dec. 25 . William It. (Rufus). 1087 , Sept. 26 . Henry I. (Beauclerc). 1100 , Aug. 5 . House of Blois. Stephen. 1135 , Dec. 26 . The Plantagenets ( French ). Henry II. 1154 , Dec. 19 Richard I (Coem*de Lion) ,. 1189 , Sept. 3 . John (I.,'icliland). 1199 , May 27 . Henry III. 1216 , Got. 28 . Edwardl. (Longshanks) .. ., 1272 , Nov, 20 , A.D, Edward II. 1307 , July 8. Edward III. 1327 , Jan. 25 . Richard II. 1377 , Juno 22 . House of LjAncaster. Henry IV. (Bolingbroke). . . . 1899 , Sept, 30 . Henry V. 1418 , Mar. 21 . Henry VI. 1422 , Sept. 1 . House op York. Edward IV. 1461 , Mar. 4 . Edward V. 1483 , June 26 . Richard III. 1483 , June 26 . House of Tudor (Welsh). Henry VII. 1485 , Aug. 22. Henry VIII. 1509 , April 22 . Edward VI. 1547 , Jan. 28 . Mary 1 .1553, July 6. Elizabeth . 1558 , Nov. 17 . Family of Stuart (Scots). James 1 . 1603 , Mar. 24 . Charles 1 . 1625 , Mar. 27 , Commonwealth (Oliver Cromwell and his sou) from the execution of Charles I., Jan. 30 , 1649 , to the Restoration of Charles II. Charles II. (restored). 1660 , May 29 James II.less, Feb. 6. William III. and Mary II. . . 1689 , Feb. 13 William III. alone . 1694 . Anne . . . . 1702 , Mar. 8. House of Brunswick (German). ' George 1 . .1714^ xwg. 1. George II.]727_ June 11 . George III.17(50, Oct. 25 . George IV.I820, Jan. 29 . William IV. 1830 , June 26 . Victoria. 1337 , 2O1 [ sxxi ] LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE DICTIONARY agr. . . , Agriculture. alg. . . . Algebra. anni. , Anatomy. antiq. , Antiquity. arch. . Architecture. archwol. . ArchiBology, anth. . Arithmetic. astrol. , . Astrology. astron. . . Astronomy. bib. . . . Biblical literature. oot. . . Botany. carp. . Carpentry. cliem. . Chemistry. chron. . . •Chronology. comm. . . Coniroercc. conch. . Conchology. eccl. hist. . Ecclesiastical history. elect. . lilectricity. entom. . . Cntomolog^u fort. . . Fortification. gencal. . . Cenealog3^ geog. . . C eogra]ih}'- geol. . . . Geology. gram. . Grammar. her. . . ITeraldrj". herp. . Ilerpetologj'. lust. . . . History. hort. . Horticulture. lu/dr. . Hydraulics or H^'drostatics. irigh. . Ichthjmlogju lit. . . . Tiiterature. mail. . M.aufege, or HorseTuanshi]). math. . iSIathematics. mech. . Mechanics. vied. . Medicine. met. , . . Metaphysics. moloch. , Malachology. Arts, Laws, Lagic, and ot a denotes that the vowel has an open Italian sound, as a-vale (avail) ; a-vmie (await); so'-she-a-hl, (sociable), &c. a indicates a broad, open sound, as in fa'-ther (father), &c. meteor. . , Meteorology. mil. . . , Militaay affaire. min. . Mineralogy. myth. . Mythology. nat. hist. , Natural history. nauf. . Nautical matter?. opt. . . . Optics. omith. . . Ornithology. paint. . Painting. paleont. . Paleontology. path. . Pathology. persp. . . Perspective. phren. . . Phrenology. phys. . PLj'siology. poet. . Poeti-'ally. pott. . Pottery. pxros. . Prosody. rhet. . Rhetoric. scidp. . Scxilpture. surg. . Surgery. theol. . Theology. zool. . Zoologj'. (Ar.) . . Arabic. (Arm.) . . Armoric. (Jr.) ' . . French. (Germ.). . GepmaU- (Gr.) . . Greeh. i (Heh.) . . Hebrew. (Tr.) . . Irish. (H.) . . Italian. (Lat.) . . Batin. (Sax.) . . Saxon. (Sc.) . . Scottish. (Sp.) . . Spanish. jr short •vyords are not abbreviated. o'o signifies a soft intermediate sound between u and oo, .as wssm'-xm (woman). + signifies that the word is rarely used. t that the word is obsolete, or nearly so [ xjxii 1 ABBRETIATIONS OF THE “PARTS OF SPEECH,” AND THEm GRAMMATICAL SIGNIFICATIONS. The words that constitute our language are classified under eight differeni heads, called “ Parts of Speech ; ” and, independently of the articles o, an , and t / ie , consist of the Norn Substantive, the Adjective, the Pronoun, the Verb, the Adverb, the Preposition, the Conjunction, and Interjection ; and are found appended to each word in the Dictionary, thus abbreviated :— *.substantive. a .adjective. pron .pronoun. V .verb. adv . prep . conj . . int .. The four first parts of speech being declinable, or variable in gi’ammaticaJ formation, have different collateral words emanating from them, 'which are thus abbreviated : s . pi .substantive plural. V . a .vei’b active. V . n .verb neuter. V. imp .verb impersonal. PP .past participle. PPf .present participle. prei .preterite. Of those Paris of Speech, each of the 60,000 words, of which our lancruage b composed, belongs to one or the other. Thus the Noun Sub.stantive (derived from the Latin nomew ratonfmtm) is “the name” of any thing that possesses “sub- stantiality” or abstract being.—The Noun Adjective (from the Latin adjectum ) IS a word “ added to ” the substantive, to signify the addition of some quality circumstance, or manner of being.—The Pronoun (from the Latin pro nomine ] is used in place of the Noun,” to avoid tautological repetition.—The Verb (from the Latin verhvm ) is “ the word ” of a sentence, which asserts, commands, oi inquires, and completes its grammatical construction.—The Adverb (from’the Latin ad verbum ) is a word appended “to a verb,” to express some circumstance relating to it; that is, to qualify it, or define the manner how .— The Preposition (from the Latin prwpositum ) is a word “ placed before ” a noun or pronoun to show its relation to something previously mentioned.—The Conjunction (from the LaPn conjwncfio) is used for the “joining together” of words or sentences.—The Interjection (from the Latin interjectum ) is an abrupt exclamation “throivn between ” the words of a sentence. On referring to the Dictionary, the student will find words innumerable which are both substantives and adjectives, or verbs active and neuter, according to the respective senses in which they are used; but these are all cleiwly distinguished, and the definitions given accordingly. THE STANDARD PEONOUNCING DICTIOJNAEY or Tii« ENGLISH LANGUAGE, REVISED, IMPROVED, AND ENLARGED, A A a vowel, Is the first letter of the alphabet of all the • ^nowp languages, except the Ethiopic, in which * the and the Runic, in which it is the fenth. The reason generally assigned for its priority, is, that It represents the Mst vocal sound naturally ronned by the human organs ; being the sound uttered by merely opening the mouth, and without any effort to alter the natural position of the lips. A has, in English, four distinct sounds: the lonjr or Blender, as in place, fate, cake; the short, as in cat, tfAtna,/rtncy ,• the open, or Italian, as in father, east, fflass; and the broad, as in wcill, appal, which is short- The long or slender is the true English sound of this letter; but, whenever it is an ^accented word or syUable, it has almost invariably the short sound. ^ an or one, is called the mdetoite article, implying one, any, some one, and is used before nouns of the suigular n^ber as, a man, o tree. Before a word begSmtog ^th a or a silent ft, it is, for the sake^furhony® changed into an, as^ an owl, an heir ; and also before * sounded, if the accent be not altelpd f" ’'“'“goo; but it is not so that letter having the ^71. ^ **1® consonant y in you, or before the words ^ Which the o is pronounced as if preceded by the consonant w. A has many; significations in our old writers and in our provincial dialects, of which the following are some-Ah, he, they, all, on. have, one, always,® yes^ even, It has also a peculiar signification, denoting man”*^^*””’ ^ ^ hundred a yrear, a pound a 3t*^“littlta.""“^’ “ * pteflic to many English words, is equivalent to the prepositions tn or on, as in asleep, alive, afoot placed before a parti¬ ciple, as, gone a-hunting, come a-begging, the house is a-preparing. In words of Saxon origin, the prefix A K “® j® syllabic augment, as in abare, thp'^’i^ppt®'^!?”®’ . h-s a prefix to words from * hsually pnvative, as in achromatic, without colour, agalaxy, want of milk ; and in this fnUp®®- article, it takes n between it and a folloty^g vow®l, M in anarchy, want of government. abbreviations, stands for artium, anno, ante, «c.,a^ A.M., artium magister, master of arts: A.D anno Domini, m the year of Our Lord; A.M.. ante- Sop’f'f noon. Among the Eomans, A.U.C «ood for mi)to urbts conditas, from the year of the bufiding of the city, or Home. ^ A also used by the ancients as a numeral to denote 500, and with a dash over it, a, for 5 000 A, m commerce, stands for accepted ; and for at Merchant and public officers also frequently number TOad of fl^es '*®®'™®““ by bne letters A, B, O, in- ABACnS A, in rnusie, is the nominal of the sixth note tn the nati^al ffiatonic scale, and cori’esponds to the la ol Giudo. It is also the name of one of the two natural nioods; and it is the open note of the second strine of the violin, by whicfi-the other strings are tuned ana regulated. A, or AA, in pharma<^, are abbreviations of the Greek word ana, which signifies of each, and are used in pre¬ scriptions after the mention of two or more ingre¬ dients, when it is desired that the specified quantity should be taken of each. AAA, in chemistry, stand for amalgam, or amalgamation. A^\,awm, 8. A Dutch measure of liquids, varyinsr in different cities from 35 to 41 English gallons. ard'varA, 8. An edentate animal, native of Southern Afnca. Aardwolf, ard'-MJab^f, s. A camivorous animal, ifiter- mediate between the civet and hyena. Aavora, df-vo-rd, s. The fruit of a species of West Indian palm-tree. .^RONic, o-ron'-tA, la. Pertaining to Aaron, or to Aaronical, a-ron'^ik-al, / the priesthood of which he was the head. Aaronite, a'-ron-ite, s. A descendant of Aaron, the brother of Moses; and lienee, a Jew. Aaron ’s Rod, a7~ron%-rod, s. In arch., a rod with a ser¬ pent twined round it. Ab. a prefix to words of Latin origin, as in abrade denotes /row, separation or departure. As a prefix to English names, Ab is usually an abbreviation of abbey or abbot. — s. The Hebrew name of father. In the Jewish calen- oar, the llth month of the civil year, and the fifth of tne ecclesiastical year, answeilng to a part of Julv and of August. In the Syidac calendar, Ab is the last summer month. , « looi 8. A fabulous animal which has the feet of a dog and the beak of a bird, mentioned in the Koran. .^ACAT, ab'-a-ka, s. The calangay, a species of parrot. Abaciscus, ao-d-«tV iui, s. In arch., any flat member tnp sniinro .. -mr_,_L___ . ^ShS*^ Stater chief. ..... ’ o. XU urcit., uuy uav nien the square compartment of a Mosaic pavement. Abacist, a^r-d-^ls^, s. An accountant. * ABACK,d-oaA',ad. Towards the back; backwards: on the back : a sea term. In vulg.lang., suddenly, by surprise •—$8. An abacus; a square surface. Abacot, ay-d-kot, s. A cap of state wrought into the figure of two crowns, formerly worn by English kin^s. .^ACTED, ab-ak7-ted, pp. Feloniously driven away. Abaction, ab-ak -shun, s. The stealing of cattle in herds or numbers. Abactor, ab-ak'-ter, s. One who steals cattle in herds, in distmction from one who steals only one or two. Abacus, ab -d-kus, s. Among the ancient Romans, a small sanded or waxed table, or board, on which mathematicians traced their diagrams, and children were tai^ht to write; an instrument to facilitate arithmetical calculations ; a cupboard, or buffet. In area., a table constituting the upper member orcroT^Ti- mg of a column and its capital.—Aftactw kar^nomeus, tne Btructiire and disposiGon of the keys of a musicu ABABA [ 2 ] ABDICATE tSMiOTUEnent .—Abacut maijtn^ a crou^n to waao ore to. —Abactu Pythagoricw, th? muJtiplu^ation table. A8aj>a, aif-ii-dd, «. A species of large African deer, wb^ch has two horns on its forehead, and a third on th' na|>e of the neck. Abkddon,A-W'- don,8. The destroying angel; Satan, the bottomless pit. ABArT,d-6a/t',aa In or at the hinder pan of a ship; towards the stem ; often contracted li.to aft. Abagun, oy-d-pun. s. An Ethiopian fowl, remarkable for its beauty ana for a sort of horn on its head. Abaisance, &-b(f -ians,, s. See Obeisance. Abaissed, &-bayst , p. or a. In her., applied to the wings of eagles, &c., when the tips are depressed below the centre of the shield, or shut. Abalienate, ab-ai/-yen-ate, v.a. To transfer the title of property to another ; to estrange. Abalibnation, ah-ale-yen^if-&hun, s. The transferruig of the title to property ; alienation. AbandjJ h-batid. v.a. To forsake. Aa anuon, v.a. To forsake; to renounce; to Quit; to desert; to neglect; to resign; to give up; to yield one’s self without restraint. 8. One who foi*sakes or deserts ; a relinquishment. Abandoned, d-fca«''du?id, pp. or a. Given up; desertod; corrupt; extremely wicked; forlorn. Abandonee, &~ban-aun-e^ , 8. In law, one to whom a thing is abandoned. Abandoner, h-ban'-dun~er, b. One who abandons. Abandon iNO,d-6an' -dun~iny, ppr. of the verb to abandon, — 8. A leaving or forsaking ; abandonment- Abandonment, d~ban'-dwi-me7it, s. A state of being for¬ saken ; total desertion; relinquishments Abandum, A'ban'-dum, 8. In old law, anything forfeited cr confiscated. Abanet ab'-A-net,b. A girdle worn by Jewish priests, a surgical handle. Abanoa, A-ban'-gA, s. The ady, a species of palm-tree. Abannition, ab-an-nish'-un, s. A banishment for one or two years for manslaughter, f Little used.) Abaptiston, A-bap-tis'-tofi, s. The perforating part of the Old trephine, an instrument used in trepanning. Abare.J A-bare', v.a. To make bare ; to uncover. Abarticdlation. ab-ar-tik-yu~la'-shun, s. In anat., that structure of joints which admits of manifest motion; diarthrosis. . , , Abas, A-ba^, s. A Persian weight for pearls, one-eighth less than a carat. In entom., a species of bombyx. Abase, A-base', v.a. To cast down; to depress; to lower; to humble ; to degrade. . Abased, A-bayst , pp. of abase. In her., same as abatssed. Apta wMENT, A-hass'-ment. 8. The act oi humbling; state of being brought low ; humiliation ; degradation. Abash, v. a. To make ashamed ; to conf^e or confound, as by exciting suddenly a sense of inferiority, error, guilt, &c.; to put to silence. Abashed, d-6as/uf, pp. of the verb to abash. Abashment, A-bash-metit , s. Confusion through shame. Abassi, A-bas'-se. \. A silver coin of Persia, of the Abassis, A-ba^-s%s, | ' value of lOd. abatable, A-bat^-A~bl, a. That may be abated. Abate, A-bat^, v.a. To beat down ; to lessen , to moderate; to remove, as a nuisance; to destitiy in any manner, to remit, as a tax. In law, to over¬ throw, or cause to fail, as, to abate a writ. — v.n. To decrease or become less. In law, to fail; to be defeated; to enter into a freehold after the death of the last possessor, and before the heir or devisee takes possession. In horsemanship, a horse is said to abate when, working upon curvets, he puts both hind legs to the ground at once, and observes the same ex¬ actness in ^ the times. Abatement, A-bate'-tnent, s. The act of abating; the state of being abated ; a siun withdrawn, as from an account; discount, deduction; diminution, mitiga¬ tion , extenuation ; a removing or pulling down, as of a nuisance In her., a mai'k of dishonour in a coat of arms. In law, overthrow, failure or defeat, as of a writ, the entry of a stranger into a freehold after the death of the tenant, before the heir or devisee. Abater, A-bate'-er, s. The person or thing that abates. ABATIS. See Abattis. Abat-jour, alf-A-joor, s. A sloping aperture made In a wall to admit Light and air; a skylight; a shade for a lamp. Abator, A-bate'-er, s. In law, on^ who Intrudes into a freehold on tho death af the lost poeoef^sor, before the keir or devisee. Abattis, A-bat-t^, or a^-at-tts, s. Rubbish. In a temporary work, made of felled tnees, with the branches pointed outwards. Abattoir, A-bat-twor', s A public slaughter-house for cattle, &c.: usually erected without the walls or pre¬ cincts of a city. , Abatude,! ab'-A-tvde, 8. Any thing d imini shed. A R ATnRE, ab' -A-tyur. s. Grass trampled or beaten down by a st^ in passing. Abat-voix, a-oA-vwa, 8. The sounding-board or canopy over a pulpit. Abadm,? A-^wm', 8. A species of red clay. Abawed,± ab-awd', pp. Abashed; daunted. Abb, ab, s. The yam on a weaver’s warn ; and hence, the wool of which it is made is called aob-wool. Abba, al/-bA, 8 . In the Chaldee and Syriac, a father, and figuratively, a superior. In the Syriac, (^ptic, and Ethiopic churches, it is a title of bishops, but is given by way of distinction to the bishoD of Alexan¬ dria. Hence' the titles of baba, papa, pope. Abbacy, aV-hA-se, s. The dignity, rights, and privileges of an abbot. Abbatial, ab-ha'-sh^, \ Pertaining to an abbey. Abbktica. 1., ab-baif-%ck-al, ) Abbe', ab'-ba, s. An abbot; but more commonly, an ec¬ clesiastic having no assigned duty or dignity; form¬ erly, it was also the title of a numerous class of per¬ sons in Roman Catholic countries, especially Fiance, who had pursued a course of theological studies in the hope of obtaining preferment in the church. Many of these employed themselves as men of lettei's, or as tutors In families, professors in universities, &c. Abbess, alZ-bes, 8. The female superior or governess of a nunnery. . ^ . Abbes, ab'-be,s. A monastery or society of persons, of either sex, secluded from the world, and devoted to religion ; the chui*ch attached, or that was attached to ah abbey. Abbey-lubber, ab'-be-lub-beryS. Aname given to monks, in contempt for their idle habits, and to persons who subsisted on tbe donations of monasteries, instead of supporting themselves by industry. Abbot, al/-bot, s. The superior or governor of an abbey or Monastery. — The abbot of misrule, or abbot of un- reason, in Scotland, was a sort of histrionic character, similar to the lord of misrule in England : q.o. Abbotship, ab'-bot-ship, s. The state of an abbot. Ar hrfviATE, ab-bre'-ve-ate. v.a. Toshorten;to contract. In math., to reduce fractious to their lowest temis. — s. An abridgment. Abbreviated, ab-hre'-ve-a-ted, pp. ora. Shortened; con¬ tracted; abridged; reduced to low'er terms. Abbreviation , fto-fere-ufi-a'-sAun, s. The act of shorten¬ ing or contracting; a contraction ; a letter, or a few letters, used for a w’ord, as, Lat. for Latin, A.J>. for Anno Domini. In math., the reduction of fractions to their lowest terms. In mM«.,onedash,or more,through the stem of a note, distinguishing it as a quaver, semi¬ quaver, or demisemiquaver. Abbreviator, ab-br^-ve-a-ter, 8 . One who abridges. Abbreviators, ab-bre'-te-a-tei’Z, 8.pi. A college of se* venty-tw'o persons in the chancery’of Rome, who draw up the pope’s briefs, and reduce the petitions granted by him into due fonii for bulls or mandates. Abbreviatory, ab-br^-ve-A-to-re, a. That abbrevialos or shortens; contracting. Abbreviature, ab-bre^-ve-A-tyur, 8. A letter or char¬ acter used for shortening; an abridgment; a compend. A, B, C. The first tliree letters of the alphabet, used for the whole alphabet. A, B, C-hook, a little book for teaching the rudiments of reading. Abdalavi. ob-dA-la'-vi, s. The Egyptian melon. Abdals, ah’-dalz, s. Certiiln religious fanatics in Persia and other Mohammedan countries, who occasionally rush into the streets, and attempt to kill all the.y meet who are of a different religion to themselves. Abderian, a6-rt, aV-de-to-re, 8. A place for secreting or pre serving goods. Abdo.men, a6-do'-wenor o6'-do-tnen, 8. The lower belly, or that part of the body which lies between the thorax and the bottom of the pelvis. In insects, the lower pait of the animal, united to the corselet by a filament, Abdominal, ab dom'-in-al, a. Situated in or pertaining to the abdomen.— Abdominal ring, or Inguinal ring, an oblong tendinous ring in each groin. — s. In iai., the abdominals are an order of malacop- terygious nshos, in which the ventral tos are placed behind the pectoral. The loach, salmon, pike, mullet, heiring, carp, and flying-fish, belong to this order. Abdominous, ao-dom'-tn-us, a. Pertaining to the ab¬ domen ; having a large belly; unwieldy. Abduce, ab-dewV, v.a. To withdraw one part from an¬ other; to draw toa different part. [Used chiefly in anat.) Abducent, ab-deiv'-sent, a. Having the property of drawing back or away : used of those muscles which seiwe to open or puli back divers parts of the body into which they are inserted. The abducent muscles are called abductors, and act in opposition to the ad duceni muscles or adductors. Addi ct, ab-dukf, v.a. To take away surreptitiou.sly and by force. Abduction, ab-duk'-shxtn, s. The act of drawing apart, or can-ying away ; the state of being withdrawn. In laiv, the taking and carrying away of a child, a ward, or a wife, &c., either by fraud, persuasion, or open violence. In log., a kind of argumentation, c^ed by the Greeks apagoge, in which the major is evident, but the minor is not so clear as not to require further proof. In sur., a species of fracture in wMch the parts recede from each otlier. Abductor, ab-duk'-ter^ 5. One guil^ of abduction. In anat., a muscle which seiw^tb withdraw or pull back a certain part of the body. Abear, v.a. To bear; to behave. Abearance, ) -r. t. • ^ Abearisg, k-bare’-mg, ] Behavioul-; demeanour. Abecedarian, a-6e-5e-drt-r€-an,» s. One who teaches or Abecedary, a-be-sc'-da-re, j is learning the alpha¬ bet ; a novice in any art or science. — a. Pertaining to, or fonned by the Iettci*s of the alphabet; alphabetical. Abed, d-bea, ad. In bed. or on the bed. Abeigh, rt-fea', ad. Alooi; at a shy distance. {Scotch.'^ Abele, d-beeV. Abel-Tree, Abelians, (i 'beeV-yanz‘, Abelonians, ab-e-lo'-ne anz Abelites, a ) during the reign of Area dius ; they married, but lived in continence, after the manner, as they pretended, of Abel, and attempted to maintain the sect by adoptmg the cliildren of others. Abelmosk, a’-bel-mosk, s. A trivial name of a species of Hibiscus, the Syrian mallow: so called from the musky odour of its seeds. Aber, a'-her, s. In Celtic, the mouth or entrance of a river. It is a prefix to the names of many places in Great Pritain,and when such, is pronounced «y-er,as in Aberdeen, Abergavenny, &c. Aberdevxie, A-ber'-de-vine, s. The Cai'duelis sp Hus of Cuvier, a well-known song-bird, sometimes caU^jd the Siskin. It has a great resemblance to the goldfii\ch. Aberrance, ab-er'-rans, i s. A wandering from the right Aberrancy, ab-h-'-an-se, ] way ; a deviation from truth or rectitude ; an error ; a mistake; a false opinion. Aberrant, a. Wandering; straying from the right way. Aberration, ab-er-ra'•shxin, 8. The act of wandering or deviating from the right way or usual course , de- ^tion or departure from truth or moral rectitude; de¬ viation from a straight line ; alienation or estrange¬ ment of tbe mind. In osir., asmall apparent motion of tne fixed stars, occaeioned by the progressive motion ire, } ® The hoary or white poplar. !’} s.pl. In church history, a sect which arose in Africa of light and the earth’s annual motion in Us oi oil if. optics, a deviation of the rays of light, when intiecled by a lens or speculum, by which they are preventer from uniting in one point.— of aberration, a luminous circle sun’ounding the disk of the sun, de pending on the abeiration of its rays. Aberrinb, ab-er'-ring. Wandering; going astray. Aberdncate,$ db-e-ru)\.ic-K>‘e, v.a. To pull up by the roots; to extirpate utterly. Abet, d-bef, v.a._ To aid by encouragement or counter ance; to connive at. In law, to counsel, incite, or assist in any unlawful act. —i a. The act of aiding or encouraging in evil. Abetment, d-bet'-ment, s. The act of abetting. ABETTza, a-bef-ted, pp. of the verb io Abetter, ) A.het'-ter \ 8-One who incites,aid8,orencour Abettor,) ages another to do an evil act Abevacdation, ah-e-vak-yxi-a'-shun, s. A partial evacu ation of the morbid humours of the body. Abeyance, d-ha’-ans, s. In expectation or oontempb, tion of law ; in a state of suspension or temporal \ extinction. The fee simple or luneritance of lands ai^ tenements is in abeyance vf\\(ir{ there is no person i. being in whom it can vest, though ready to vest win the owner shall appear. Abgregate,$ ab'-gre-gate, v.a. To separate from a hcj li or fiock. Aboregation,$ ah-grc-ga'-sh%in, s. A separation fi’on. a herd or flock. Abhal, ab'-hal, 8. The fniit of a species of Asiatic cypress, said to be a powerful emmenagogue. Abhor, no-/ior', v.a. To loathe, detest, or abominate. to despise or neglect; to cast off or reject. Abhorred, a6-Aor-Za^-M?c-a'-«Awn, s. A laying bare the roots of trees to expose them to the air and water. Ablation, s. The act of taking away. In med., the taking from the body whatever is hurtful; evacuations in general. In chem., the removal of what¬ ever is finished, or no longer necessary. Ablative, ab’-la-tiv, a. Carrying away or taking from. •—8. The sixth case of nouns in the Latin language. Ablative absolute, is when a word in that case is independent in construction of the rest of the sentence. Ablaze, A-blaze^, ad. On fire ; in a blaze. Able, a'-bl, a. Having competent power or strength, bodily or mental; having strong or unusual intellectual qualifications ; having large or competent wealth or means; having sufficient knowledge or skill; having the requisite qualifications or legal power. —X v.a. To make able; to enable. Able-bodied^ a'-W-dod-td, a. Strong of body; robust. In the tiavy, it denotes one who has skill in seamanship as well as strength. Ablegate,^ ab'-le~gate, v.a. To send abroad on some legation or public emplojTnent. Ablegatxon,^ ab-le~ga-shun, s. The sending abroad on aq embassy; a legation from home. Ablbn, ab'-len, Is. A small fresh-water fish, the bleak. Iblet, ab'-let. J {Local.) Ableness, 8. Ability of body or mind; vigour. Ablebst, ab'-lep-se. Privation of sight; unadvisedness. Abler, a'-bier, a. Comp, of able. Ablest, -blest, a. Superl. of able. Ablioate,$ ah'-le-aate, v.a. To tie up from. Abligurition,! ah-le-gn-rish'-un,\s. Prodigal expense ABLiGCRY.t ab'-le-gu-re, j on meat and drink. Aphius, ab -Uns, ad. Perhaps; possibly. (ScofcTi.) Ablocate, ab-lo-kate. v.a. To let out on hire; to lease. A ^LOCATION, ab-lo-ka-slmn, s A letting out on hire. AriLt DE,4: ah-lude', v.a. To be unlike; to differ. Abluent, ab'-lu-ent, a. Having the power of cleansing. — 8. To med.. that which purifies the blood; a detergent. Aslu fios, ah lu'-shun,s. The actof washing; the water or other fluid used in cleansing; appropriately, the purificaiion of the body by water preparatory to re¬ ligious duties. In chem.. the purification of bodies by the affusion of a proper liq^uor. In med., the washing of the body externaUu, as by baths; or intemially, by diluting fluids. In the Roman Catholic church, diXiltlo wine and water used to wash the chalice and the piiesl’s fingers after communion, and then drunk i\v the priest; also, the cup given to the laity, without consecration. AiiLuvioN, ab-lu'-ve-un, s. That wlilch is washed off. Ably, a^-ble, ad. In an able maimer; with gi-eai ability. AfcN KQATE, at'-ne-^a^e, v.a. To deny, refuse, reject. abnegation, cft-ne-pa'-fiTitm, 8. A denial; a renuncia¬ tion ; self-denial. ,i3N5OAT0R,ay-ne-ga-f«r,8. One who denies,renounces, or opposes any thing. AifNori T», ah'-no-date, v.a. To cut off the knots of trees. Abnodation, db-im-da’-shun, s. Tlie act or practice of cutting aw’ay the knots of trees. Abnormal, aZ>-f»Ok.'w'-aZ, la. Irregular; deformed; un- Abnormous, ab-norm'- us, ] natural. Abnormlty, s. Irregularity; deformity. Aboard, d-board', ad. 'Within a ship, vessel, or boat; on board.— To fall aboard, to strike a slilp’s side; to en¬ counter. ABODANCE.t A-bod^-an$, s. An omen ; a presage. Abode, a-bod^ , pret. and pp. of the verb to abide. — s. Stay; continuance in a place for a long or short time; place of residence; a dwelling; a habitation. —To make abode, to dwell or reside. — v.a. To foretel; to betoken. — v.n. To be an omen. • Abodement, d-hode'-ment, s. A secret anticipation of something futui’e ; an omen. Aboding, d-bode'-ing, s. Presentiment; prognostication. Aboletb, ab-o-lete', a. Old ; out of use ; obsolete. Abolish, d-hol'-ish, v.a. To abrogate, annul, or make void; to destroy utterly; to put an end to. Abolibhable, d-hoV-ish-d-bl, a. That may be abolished. Abolished, d-hoV-isht, pp. of the verb to abolish. Abolisher, d-boV-ish-er, s. One who abolishes. Abolishment, d-boV-ish-ment, I s. The act of abolishing , Abolition, ah-o-lisK-un^ j state of being abolished; an annulling; abrogation; utter destimction; the put¬ ting an end to slavery. Abolitionism, ah-o-lish'-un-izm, s. The principles of an abolitionist. Abolitionist, ah-o-lish'-%tn-tst, s. One who is desirous to abolish any thing, especially slavery. Abolla, d-bol'-la, s. An ancient military gaiment. Aboma, al/-o~md, s. A large species of serpent found in the fens and morasses of South America. Abomasum, a6-o-»no'-««m, \ 8. The foui'Ui stomach of a Abomasus, ab-o-ma'~sus, \ ruminant animal ; the maw. Abominable, a. Detestable; hateful; re volting; imelean. Abominableness, d-bom'-in-d-bl-nes, s. The quality or state of being odious, hateful, or loathsome. AsoaiiNABLY, d-bom’-in-d-ble, ad. Odiously ; detestably, sinfully. In colloq. lang., extremely ; excessively. Abominate, d-hom'-in-ate, v.a. To detest; to abhor. Abomination, d-dowi-w-a'-sMm, s. Extreme hatred; dis¬ gust ; aversion; the object of detestation; a hateful and detestable thing or crime ; defilement; pollution. In Scripture, any evil doctrine or practice. ABORD,d-boara',6. arrival; but used for first appearance, manner of accosting, or addi*ess. — v.a. To approach; to accost. {Seldom used.) Aborea, d-bo-re-d, s. A species of crested duck, of c reddish-brown colour. Aboriginal, ab-o-ridj'-in-al, a. Pii’st; original. — s. One of the first settlers in a countiy. Aborigines, ab-o-ri^'-in-eez, s.pl. The first or primi¬ tive inhabitants of a country. Aborsement,$ d-6ors'-t?2. A mineral which does not effer¬ vesce when melted before the blowpipe. Arrazitic, ab-ra-zilf-ik, a. In min., not effervescing when melted before the blowpipe. Abreast, d-brest', ad. Side by side, with the breasts In a line; together; opposite Abrenunciation, ab~re-nun-8e-a^‘Shun, s. Renuncia¬ tion; absolute denial. Abreption, ab-rep'-shun, s. A carrying away; or the state of being carried away Abredvoir, 8 . A watering place for horses or cattle. In masonry, the joint between two stones, to be filled up with moitar. Abridge, v.a. To shorten ; to epitomise ; to di¬ minish ; to deprive of. In algebra, to reduce a compound quantity or equation to its more simple expression. ABRiDGED,d- 6 rt 4 ^(i',pp.ora. Made shorter; epitomized; lessened; debarred irom; deprived of. Abridgbr, d-bridj'-er, s. One who abridges, one who makes a compendium. Abridgment,( i- 5 rid/'-men«.8. An epitome; a compend, or summary of a book; oiminution of any kind; con¬ traction ; reduction ; a depriving or deban’ing from. Abroach, A-broatsh% ad. Broached; in a postur« for le^ ting out the Uquor contained, as a cask. Figuratively in a state of being diffused or prop^aied Abroad, d-brawd', sid. At large; widely ; in the open air; out of the house; beyond the bounds of a country; in foreign countries; before the public at large; dTt fusely scattered Abrooable, ab'-ro-gd-bl, a. That may be abrogated Abrogate, ab'-ro-gate, v.a. To repeal or abolish by legislative authority, as a law or established custom. Abrogation, ab-ro-ga'-shun, s. The act of abrogating, the repeal of a law, revocation. Abrood,$ d-brood', ad. In the act of brooding. Abroodino,± d-brood'-ing , s. A sitting abrood. ABaoox,$ d-brdbW , v.a. To brook ; to endure. Abrotanoid, d-brof-d-noyd , s. A species of perforated coral or madrepore growing on the bottom 5f the sea It is one of the reef-corals m the East Indies. Abrotandm, d-brof A-num. s. A species of evergreen plant, more commonly called southern-wood. Abrupt, ab-rupf, a. Broken ; steep ; craggy ; sudden ; without giving notice, or without the usual forms, unexpected; hasty ; rough ; rude; unconnected. In hot., terminating abruptly, without a tapering point, or without a leaflet. — 8. A chasm or gulf TTith steep sides. AiiKVTT'eD,ab-rupf-ed, a. Torn off; tom asunder. Abruption, ab-rup'-shun, s. A sudden breaking off. violent separation. Abruptly, ab-rupf-le, ad. In an abrupt manner; sud denly ; hastily ; rudely. Abruptness, ab-rupf-nes, s. A state of being broken , craggedness; steepness; suddenness; unceremonious haste or vehemence ; roughness. Abscedbnt^ ab-se'-dejit, a. Applied to a decayed part of an organized body, wliich is separated from the sound Abscess, ab-ses, s. A collection of pus or purulent mat¬ ter in some part of the body; a morbid cavity. Abscession . ao-sesh'-un, s. A departing or separating. Abscind, ao-sin country, estate, duty^ or station. In political economy, the practice of residing away from one’s estates, or of spending abroad the iueome derived from th# country ABSENTEE [ 6 ] ABSTRUDE kjaazvm, ab-tetif-er, s. One who absents himself. A.BBENTMENT, ab-sentf-ment, s. A state of being absent. Ajbsinthatb, o6-*in'-^Aa^e, 8. In chem.^& salt formed by the combination of absinthic acid with a base. Absinthial, ab-sin'-the-a7i, a.. Of the nature of worm- irood. Absinthiatbd, ab‘8in'-the-a~tedf a. Impregnated with wormwood. Absinthic, ab-sin'-thik, a. Obtained from absinthium. Absi NTH ITE8 . ab-sm'-tkltz, s.pl. Wines impregnated with wormwood. Aaainthidm. ab-sin'-the~u7H^ s. Wormwood ; a bitter plant, used as a tonic. It is a species of Artemisia. Absis, a6'-«ts, 8 . In astronotny. see Apsis. Assist, ab-sist', r.n. To stand oif; to cease. Absolute, a6'-so-/u«c, a. Free j independent^ complete in itself, positive; uncondiiionaJ; unrestricted; un¬ limited ; arbituary ; despotic ; not relative ; pure; un- mixed.—In yram., the absolute case is when a word or member of a sentence is not immediately dependent on the other parts of the sentence In government. Absolutely, ab'-so-lute-le, ad. Completely; wholly; without restriction or limitation ; unconditionally ; positively ; pei*emptorily. Absoluteness^ ab'-so-lute-nes, Independence; com¬ pleteness in itself; despotic authority; arbitrary power. Absolution, a6-fio-tu'-«nMn,8 . An acquittal; thcTemis- sioD of sins, or of penance. Absolutism, ab'-so-iute-izmyS. State of being absolute ; the principles of absolute government; the doctrine of predestination. Absolutist, s. One who lain favour of an absolute government. Absolutory, rtfc-so2'-M-io-re,or ab'-so-lu-tO‘re,&. Absolv¬ ing; that absolves. Absolv AToRv, ah-zolv'-A-to-re, a. Containing absolution, pardon, or release; having power to absolve. Absolve, ab-tolv' y v.a. To set free or release from some engagement or obligation ; to acquit; to pardon; to re¬ mit , X to finish or accomplish ; X fo resolve or explain. Absolved, ab-tolvd', pp. Released; acquitted; reirutted. Absolveh, ab-zolif-eryB. He who absolves. Absonant, ab'-so-uant,) a. Absurd ; contrary to reason; Absonods, ab'-8o-nua, ) unmusical or untunabie. Absonate, v.a. To shun ; to dislike; to hate. Absorb, absorb', v.a. To Imbibe ; to suck up; to swallow up, or overwhelm with water; to consume; to waste; to exhaust; to engross or engage wholly. Absorbability, ab-8<»-b-d-bil'-e-te,s. The state or quality of being absorbable. Absorbable, (wsorb'~&-bl, a. That may be absorbed. Absorbed, absorb^, i pp. Imbibed , swallowed ; con- Absorpt, absorpf, j sumed ; wasted, wholly engrossed. ABsoRBENT,o6-«or6'-eni,a. Imbibing; swallowing; drying. — a, A sucker up of fluids. In afiai., a vessel whi-p'-«Aun, 8. The act or process of im¬ bibing or of swallowing up; the state of being swal¬ lowed up; consumption; entire occupation of mind. In phys., the taking up of matter by the absorbent vessels, as the lacieals, &c. In chem.. the conversion of a gaseous fluid into a Liquid or solid, by union with another substance. Absokptiv^, absorp'-tiv,&. Having the powerto imbibe. Abstain, a6-sian^,v.n. To forbear or i\ 3 frain; to with¬ hold ; to deny one’s seif any gratification. Abstemious, o6-sie'-wi«-u3, a. Refraining from a free use of food and strong drinks; sparing in the enjoy¬ ment of animal pleasures of any kind; temperate, sober, belonging to abstinence. Abstemiously, abste'-me-us-le, ad. Temperately ; with a sparing use of meal and strong drinks. Abstemiousness, ahste'-nie-us-nes, s. The quality of being abstemious. Abstention, ab-sten'shun, s. The act of restraining or of holding off, restraint. A&steroe, ab-8ter(if\ v.a. To wipe, or make clean by wiping , to cleanse by means of lotions, &c. Abstergent , ab aterdj' ent , a Having a cleansing quality. — s. A medicine that removes foulness ; a detergent. Abstbrab, v.a. To cleanse ; to puri^. AssTBRwojf, abster'-$h»nf9. The act of cleansing. Abstersive, oo-fiter'-stu, a. Cleansing j having the qua¬ lity of removing foulness or obetru^ons. Abstinence, al/ste~nen8, s. Forbearance of any kind, appropriately, a total forbearance from food and drink, as in fating, or a forbearance of the usual or necessary quantity; also, the abstaining wholly from the use of strong liquors, except as medicine. Abstinency, al/ste-nefise, s. Same as Abstinence. Abstinent, a. Refraining from indulgence, especially in the use of food and strong drinks. Abstinently, a6'-«ie-nen2-2e, ad. With abstinence. Ajjstinents, at/-8te-neiit8, s.pl. A sect which appeared in Prance and Spain in the third ceutuiy They op¬ posed marriage, condemned the use of flesh meat aad placed the Holy Spirit in the class of created beingc Abstorted, a6-«2orr-ed, a. Forced away ; torn away. Abstract, ahstrakif,y.a.. To draw from, or to separate, to sepai’ate ideas; to epitomize or reduce to a sum¬ mary ; to take secretly for one’s own use a part of the property of another, when placed in one’s power, to purloin. In chem., to separate, as the more volatile parts of a substance by distillation. Abstract, at/strakt, a. Separate ; distinct from some¬ thing else ; existing in the mind only; difficult; ab¬ struse ; pure; refined. An abstract idea, in metaphysics, is an idea separated from a complex object, or from other ideas which naturally accompany it, as the solidity of marble contemplated apart from its colom or figure. Abstract terms are those which express abstract ideas, as beauty, whiteness, folly, round^iess, without regarding any subject in which they exist; or, abstract termsa.ro the names of orders, genera, or species of things, in which there is a combination of similar qualities. Abstract numbers are numbers used without application to any particular objects, as 3, 7, 9; but when applied to any thing, as _6 feet or 8 men, they become concrete. Abstract or pure mathe- matics, is that which treats of the properties of magni¬ tude, .figure, or quantity, absolutely and generally considered, without restriction to any particular ob¬ ject, such as arithmetic and geometry; thus digtin- guished from mixed mathematics, which treats of the relations of quantity, as applied to sensible objects, as astronomy, mechanics, optics, &c. — 8. A summaiV,or epitome,containing the substance, a general view, or the principal heads of a treatise or writing; an extract, or a smaller quantity .containing the essence of a larger.—In the abstract, in a stale of separation; without reference to particular persons or things. Abstracted, abstrakt'sd, pp. or a. Separated; pur¬ loined; refined; exalted; ^struse ; absent in mind. Abstractedly , aostrakf sd-le, ad. In a separate state, or in contemplation only. Abstractedness, ahstrakf -ed-nes, s. The slate of being abstracted. Abstracter, abstrakf-er, s. One who makes an ab¬ stract, or summary ; one who purloins. Abstracti, s.pl. A sect of Lutherans, who asserted that Christ is to be adored not only m the co7%crete, as the Son of God, but that he is in the ab¬ stract an object of adoration. Abstraction, abstrak'shun, s. The act of abstracting , the state of being abstracted; the operation of the mind when occupied by abstract ideas; a separation from worldly objects; inattention to present objects; the taking for one’s own use any part of the property of another, when placed in one’s power. In logic, the power wnich the n^d has of separating the combina¬ tions presented to it. In chem., the separation by heat of the volatile parts ot a compound, from those which are fixea. When the, part abstracted is collected, the process is called distillatio7i or sublimation, according as the process is wet or dry. Abstractive,. a6-5^raA«'-iv, a. Having the power or quality of abstracting. Abstractive, a2)-siraAr-tu, la. Abstracted or Abstractitious, abstrakt-ish'-u8, j drawn from other substances, particularly from vegetables, without fermentation. Abstractly , a//-stroA:r-l«, ad. Separately, absolutely. Abstractness, a6'-«vs^-iv-nes, s. Ill usage; rudeness of language; violence to the person. Abut, d-hut', v.n. To border upon ; to be contiguous to; to meet; to adjoin to at the end. Abutilon, d-bu'-tU-on, s. The yellow mai’sh mallow, an annual plant. Abutment, s. A solid support for the ex¬ tremity of a bridge, or of an arch, or any thing which presses outward ; that which abuts or borders on another. Abuttal, d-buf-tal, s. The butting or boundary of land at the end; a headland. Abvolate, ab'-vo-late.w.d.. To fly from. A.BV0LAT10N, ab-voda -shun, s. The act of flying from. Aby,^ d-bi', v.a. orn. To endure; to pay dearly; to re¬ main. Abysm, i 8. A depth Yvithout bottom; a great Abyss, ri/ny, / depth ; a gulf. The tei*m has also been used by some for a deep mass of waters, supposed to have encompassed the earth in its state of chaos; and by others, for an immense cavern in the eaith, in which Crod is supposed to have collected all the waters on the third day of the creation. Figuratively, the ocean; hell, Erebus; that which is immeasurable; that in which any thing is lost, as, the ai^ss of time. In her., the centre of an escutcheon. In antiq., the temple of Proserpine was so called from the immense treasures it was supposed to contain. Abysmal, d-biz' mal, a. Peitaining to an abyss. Abyssinian, ab-is-tin'-e~an. a. Pertaining to AbyssinU or its people. — s. A native of Abyasiiiia. Aby881N1an8, ab-iss\n’ -e-anz, s.pl. A sect of Christians in Abyssinia, who admit but one nature in Jesus Christ, and reject the council of Chalcedon. A. C. An abbreviation of Ante Christum, before ChrisL. Ac, ak, 8. ITie Saxon word for oak. which it signifies in the initial syllable of names, as, Ario/t, t.6., Oak town. Acacalot, d-kak'-d-lot, i s. The Tantalus Mexicanus, a Acalot, j Mexican bird, resembling the ibis: it is also called the water-raven. Acacia, d-ka'shd, s. An extensive genus of elegant tropical trees and shi-ubs with pinnated leaves. Pi’om the juice of one species is produced the gum Arabic , and of another, an astringent drug caJhjd catechu Among antiquaries, a small roll or bag, seen on medals, as in the hands of several of the Greek and Roman emperors and consuls. Some suppose it to represent a liandkercliief rolled up, with wliich sigmils wore given at the games; others, a roll of petitions; and some, a purple bag filled with earth, to remind the exalted bearer of his moitiility. Acacians, (i-Aa'-s/iaaz, s.pl. In certain sects who held that the Son was not of the same sulv stance with the Father: so denominated from their leaders, Acacius, bishop of Cajsarea, and Acacius, pa¬ triarch of Constantinople. Acact, ^-kd-se, s. A disposition void of malice. Academe, $ ak-d-deem', s. See Academy. Academial, ak-d-de'-me-al, a. Relating to an academy. Academian, ak-d-de'-me-an, s. A member of an academy, a student in a university or college. Academic, ak-d-dem'-ik, » a. Belonging to an aca Academical, ak-d-dem'-ik-al, j demy, college, or univei sity ; pertaining to the school or philosophy of Plate as, the academic sect. Academic, ak-d-dem'-ik, s. A student in a college oi university; one who belonged to the school, or ad¬ hered to the philosophy, of Soci-ates and liato. The latter is considered tlie founder of t\\e academic philoso phy in Greece. He taught that matter is eternal and infinite, but without form, refractory, and teuding to disorder; and that there is an intemgent cause, tlie author of spiritual being^ and of the material world. Academically, ak-d-deyn'-xk-al-le, ad. In an academicai manner. Academician, ak-d-de-mish'-an, s. A memberof an ac? demy, or society for promoting arts and sciences ; an academic philosoplier. Academism^ d-Artd'-e-wizm, s. The doctrine of the aca¬ demic philosophy. See Academic. Academist, d-kad'-e-mist, s. An academician. Academy, d-kad'-e-me,<&. Originally, tlie school of Plato, the garden, grove, or villa, near Athens, where he and his followers held their philosophical conferences. In present use, a place of education ; a private school, or seminary of learning, in which the elementary braiiohes of education are taught, in contradistinction to a university, or public school, and to those insti¬ tuted by charity ; a school for teaching some particu¬ lar art or science, as, a military academy ; a society of men united for the promotion of the art.® and sciences in general, or of some particular science or art; a house appropriated to the purposes of an academy.— Academy figure, a dniwing made after a Living model with crayon or pencil. Acalepha, d-kal'-e-fd, s. \ Aclassofmarinezoophytcs. Acaleph^, rt-A:«Z'-c-/e, s.pl. j of circular and radiated fonn, which swim in the ocean, and have an organ¬ ization in which vessels can be recognised ; and wliich are thus named from their causing, when touched, a disagreeable sensation similar to the sting of a nettle. The medusa, sea-nettle, jelly-fi.sli, &c., belong to this class. In botany, a genus of prickly plants, of several species, some of which much resemble the broad- leaved pellitoi 7 of the wall. Acalephan , «-A(7/' e-fnn,^. See Acalepha. Acalot, ak’-d-lot, s. See Acacalot. Acalysine, l a. In ftoZant/, destitute oi Acalycinous, d-kal is-'-in-us, j a cjiJyx or flower-enp. Acamacu, ti-Aifi-md' Aoo. s. The Brazilian Fly-catcher, a bird of the genus Todus. Acampsy, d-kamp'-se, s. See Anchylobib. Acamus, d-ka'-mus, s. A fossil chambered shell of a conical shape. AcANACE 0 U 8 ,aA-<^-nrt'-s?}n.?,a. Armed with prickles. Acr.- naceuus plants are those which are prickly, aB*! their fic wers and seeds on a kind of head. AOAKTHA [ 8 ] ACCESSION A.CA.NTHA, &-kati -th&y s. The prickle of a thorny plant, or the spine of the prickly to of a ^h. In anatomy, an acute process of the vertebrae, the spine of the tibia, or Uie spina dorsi. A.CANTHACBOU8, ak-an-tha'-shus, a. Aimed with prickles. AcANTHAai8,d-Aan'-iAdi-rts,8. A species of cimex or bug. Acanthia^ A-kan'-the-&, s. A genus of hemipterous in¬ sects, with a spinous thorax, and ciliated abdomen. Acanthicb, A-kan'-this, a. The sweet juice of ivy buds. Acanthine, &-kan'-thin, a. Pertaining to, or resem¬ bling the plant acant us; prickly. The acanthine gar¬ ments of the ancients were made of the down of thistles, or embroidered in imitation of the acanthus. — Acan¬ thine Gwm, gum-acacia is sometimes so called, because produced by a thorny ti'ee, the acacia vera. Acanthocephalans, a-kan-tho‘Scf'-A’lanz, s. A family of intestinal worms^ which attach themselves by a prominence armed with recuiwed spines. Acantropods, A-kan'-tho-podz, s.pl. A tribe of coleop¬ terous insects with legs aimed with spines. AcANTHOPTEnTOiANS,(i-/can- stem; having the leaves spring- Acaulous, ) ing dli'ectly from the root, and the flowers resting on the ground. Accede, nk-seed', v.n. To agree or assent to; to comply with ; to come to ; to become a party, by agreeing to tiic terms of a treaty ; to be added to. Accelerate, v.a. To hasten; to quicken motion; to add to natural or ordinary progression ; to shorten tlie time between tlie present time and a future event; to despatch; to forward. Accelerated, (ik-sel'-er-a-ted, pp. or a. Cluickened in motion , hastened in progress. — Accelerated motion, in mech., is that which is continually receiving fresh accessions of velocity. Accelerated force is tiie in- crt'Hsea lorv? which a body exerts in consequence of the acceleration of i:s motion. Acceleration, 8 . The act of increas¬ ing velocity or progress; the stale of being quickened in motion or action.— Acceieratiosi of the tnoow, in astr.. is her increase of mean motion from tbe sun, compai’ed with the diurnal motion of the earth, being about 10" Ui a hundred years. Acceieration o/(iplac%< i is when its real diurnal motion exceeds its mean diurnal motion. The diurnal acceleration of the fixed stars is the tim« by which they, in one revolution, anticipate the mean diurnal revolution of the sun, which is nearly 3 ' 66" of mean time sooner each day Accelerative, ak-sel'-er-a-tiv, a. Adding to velocity; quickening progression. , . Acceleratort, ak-seV-er-a-to-re, a. Accelerating ; quiclr- ening motion. Accend,$ ak-send' v.a. To kindle ; to set on fire. Accendibility, aii-send-e-biV-e-te, 8 . Capacity of being kindled, or of becoming inflamed. Accendible, ak-send'-e-bl, a. Capable of being inflamed or ^ndled. Accension, ak-sen'-shun, s. The act of kindling; the state of being kindled; inflammation. Accent, aJ^-sent,^. Manner of speaking or pronouDCing; tone; a modulation of the voice peculiar to some country, or province; a particular stress or force of voice upon certain syllables of words, w'hich dis¬ tinguishes them from the others; a mai’k used in writing to direct the stress of the voice in pronuncia¬ tion ; a modulation of the voice expressive of passions or sentiments. Poetically, words, language, or ex¬ pressions in general. In music, accept is a certain modulation or swelling of the sounds, either naturally by the voice, or artificially by means of instruments, for the puj-pose of expressing some emotion or passion, or for the sake of variety. In math., accents are used to denote difference ol quantities or magnitudes. Accent, ak sent', v.a. To express or note the accent In poetry, to utter or pronounce in general. Accentor, ak-sent^-er, s. In music, one that takes or sings the leading part. Accentual, ak-senv-yu-al, a. Relating to accent. Accentuate, ak-sent'-yu-ate,y .sl. To mark or pronounce with an accent, or with accents. Accentuation j ak-sent-yu-a’-shun, s. The act of placing accents in ^vriting, or of pronouncing them in speaking. Accept, nk-sept', v.a. To take or receive wdth pleasui-e, approbation, or favoui’; to value or esteem; to ac¬ quiesce ; to consent or agree to ; to receive as terms of a conci’act, &c.; -j- to understand. In com., to accept a blit of exchange, is to subscribe it according to the legal form, and thereby agree to pay the amount when due. Acc'r.r'tK:Bih\'rY,ak-sept-a-biV-e-te, is. The quality of Acceptableness, 61 -ncs, j being agreeable to a receiver. Acceptable, a. Likely to be accepted; pleas big ; agreeable ; gratifying , seasonable ; welcome. Acceptably, ad. In an acceptable manner. Acceptance, ak-sepf-ans, s. Reception with approba¬ tion or satisfaction ; assent, agreement to terms or proposals ; an agreeing to the act or contract of an¬ other, by some act which binds the person in law; tthe sense in which a worn is understood, see Ac¬ ceptation. In com., the subscribing of, or subscription to, a bill of exchange ; a bill of exchange accepted. Acceptation, 8 . liJnd reception; state of being acceptable; favoui’able regard , acceptance; the meaning or sense in which a word or expression is understood, or generally received; % reception in general, whether good or bad. Accepter, ak-septf-er, s. The person who accepts. In commerce, he who, being the drawee, has accepted a bill of exchange. AcceptilatioNjI 8 . The remission of a debt by an acquittance from the creditor, without, payment. AccEPTioN,t ak-sep’-shun, s. The received sense of a word; the meaning. Acceptive, $ ak-sepf-iv, a. Ready to accept. Acceptor,+ ak-sepf -or. In com., see Accepter. Access, ok-ses^, or ak'-ses, s. A coming to; admission to a place or person; approach, or the way by whicli a thing may be approached ; means of approach; liberty to approach; increase ; enldl’gement; addition ; tii’e return of a fit or paroxysm of cUsease. Accessarily. See Accessorily. Acce8>ariness. See Accessoriness. Accessary. Accessory. Accessibility, ak-ses-e-inV-e-te, s The quality of being approachable, or of admitting access. Accessible, ak-ses'-e-bl, a. That may be approached or reached; easy of approach; afiable. Accessibly, ak-ses'-e^le, ad. So as to be accessible. Accession^ «A;- agree ; to oe in correspondence ; to harmonize. Accordk-ilb, ok kord'-A~hl,&. Agreeable; consonant. Accordance, nA: kord'-ans, is. Agreement with a per- Accoruancy, flft-Aord'-rtJis-e, i son; conformity with a thing ; harmony. Accordant, aA-A:orri'-oni,a. Corresponding; consonant. Accordantly, ak-kord'-ant-le, ad. In an accordant manner. Accoruer, ak-kord’-er, s. One that aids or favours. According, ppr. or a. Agreeing; harmo¬ nizing ; suitable. — prep. Agreeably to; in compliance or accordance with ; suitably to; with regard to ; in proportion. Accordingly, ad. Agreeably; conform¬ ably ; consequently. Accordion, nk-kord'-c-un, s. A small keyed wind instru¬ ment, whose tone.s are generated by a bellows-like action upon metallic reeds. AccoRroRATE,^ ak-ko)-^-po-rate, v.a. To unite. Accost, a/c-Aesf', v.a. To speak first to; to address ; to salute to approach. —$ v.n. To adjoin. Accostable, ak-kost'-U’hl, a. Easy of access ; familiar Accosted, nk-kost'-rd^ pp. of the verb to accost. — a. In her., being side by side. Accouchement, nk-koos/i'-mong, s. Parturition, or de¬ livery in childbed ; a lying in. AccQvcB'EVR,ak-koosh-ti/,8. (Fr.) A man-midwife. Accoucheuse, s. (Fr.) A midwufe. Account, nk fcotvnf,8. Any aritlimetieal computation; a register oi facts relating to money ; a computation of expenses, or of debu and credits; the state or result of a computation ; a written statement in detail of monies due for goods purchased, or services of any kind rendered mode of reckoning ; a narrative; a ^-ecital of particular transactions and events, verbal or written; description; the relation and reasons of a transaction given to a person in authority ; assign¬ ment of causes ; explanation ; reason or consideration, as a motive ; opinion ; answering for conduct; exami¬ nation ; value ; importance ; estimation ; profit; ad¬ vantage ; credit; regard; behalf; sake. Books of accoxmts, in commerce, are those in which the transac¬ tions of a merchant are entered in due fonn. — v.a. To deem, judge, consider, think, or hold in opinion; tto reckon, or compute; fto assign to, as a debt. To accowU of, is to hold in esteem ; to value. — v.n. To render an account or relation of particulars ; to give reasons ; to assign the causes ; to explain ; to appear as the medium by which anything is explained; to answer for in a responsible character. Accountability, s. Liabiliiy to give account; responsibility. Accountable, a. Liable to be called to account; amenable ; responsible. Accountableness, ak-koicntf-h-bl-nes, s. The state of being accountable; Uableness. Accountably, ak-kowntf-d-ble, ad. In an accountable manner. Accountant, ak-koxvnf-axit, s. One skilled in mercan¬ tile accounts; a person employed in keeping accounts; a book-keeper in a public omce.—Accouniant-generol, an officer in the Court of Chancery who receives all monies lodged in Couit, and pays it to the Bank of I’ngland, also, the ^irincipal or responsible accountant in the offices of Excise, the Customs, the India House, Bank of England, &c. — a. Being accountable to ; responsible for. Accountant-ship, nk-J^wntf-ant-ship, s. The office or duties of an accountant. Account-book, 8. A book in whicb ac¬ counts are kept. Accounting, nk-koicnf-ing, pp. of the verb to account. — 8. The act of reckoning or adjusting accounts. Accouplb, ak-kup'-pl, v.a. To join or link together. AccocPLEMENT,t ok-kup'-pl-meut, 8. A coupUiig; junc¬ tion. In carjientry, a tie or brace. Aocou&xoB,i ah-kur'-qje,v.&. To encourage. ▲ooouht4 aK-kearf,y.et. To entertain with courtesy. Accoutre, ak-koo'-ter, v.a. To dress ; to furnish with military habiliments; to equip the bodj for military service. Accoutered, } PP- of the verb to accoutre. Accovtrzmzvts, ak-koo’-tr-nients, s.pl. Dress; appro^ printely, military dress and arms; equipage for military service; trappings. \npop.lang.,Ri\ old or unusual dresi Accoy,} ak-koy', v.a. To render quiet or diffident' to soothe; to caress. Accredit, ak-kred'-it, v.a. To give credit, or authority, especially to an agent or representative; to counte¬ nance , to procure honour or credit for. Accreditation, ak-kred-it-a'-shxin, s. That which gives title to credit. [Little used.) Accredited, ak-kred'-it-ed, pp. or a. Allowed; received with reputation ; authorized in a public character. Accrescent, ak-kres'-sent. a. Increasing. Accrescimento, rtA:-A:res-47tP-?/it'»i'-io, 8. (Ital.) In music, the increase by one half of its original duration w'hich a note gains, by having a dot appended to the right of it. Accretion, GA-ftre'-s/iun, 8. A growing to; an increase by an accession of new parts externmly ; the growing together of parts naturally separate, as the fingers or toes. In civil law, the adhering of property to some¬ thing else, by which the owner of one thing acquires the right to another, as when a legacy is left to two per¬ sons, and one of them dies before the testator, the legacy devolves to the survivor by right of nccretioxi. Accretive, nk-kr^-tiv, a. Increasing by growth. Accrokch , ak-kroaWd.Tx To hook, or draw to as with a hook ; to encroach ; to draw aw’ay from another. Accroachment, ak-kroatsh'-ment, s. The act of ac¬ croaching. AccROCHE',aA:-A;ro-s/m',pp.(Fi\)In/ier.,hookedin another. Accrue, ak-krxi' v.n. To accede to; to arise, proceed, or come; to be added to, as increase, profit, or damage. —$ s. Something that accedes to, or follows the property of another. Accrued. ak~krud^, pp. of the verb to accrue. — a. In her., a term applied to a fiUI-blowm tree. Accrument, s. Addition; increase. Accubation, 8. A lying or reclining on a couch, as the ancients at theii* meals. Accubition,± ak-kti-bish'-un, s. A sitting down. Accumb, aft-ATWifi', v.n. To recline at the table during meals, after the manner of the ancients. AccvKiiZucY ,ak-kum'-be7i-se,s. State of beingaccumbent. Accumbent, ak-ktnn'-bent, a. Leaning or reclining, as the ancients at their meals. In bot., when one part of an organ is applied to another by its edge, it is said to be accumbent, in contradistinction to meumhent. Accumbent, t s. One who is placed at a dinner-table. Accumulate, ak-kew' inu-tote,y.ti. To heap up; to pile; to collect or bring together; to amass. — v.n. To increase greatly, in size, number,or quantity — a. Collected into a mass or quantity. Accumulation, ak-kew-7nu-la’-shun, s. The act of accu¬ mulating ; the state of being accximulnted ; a mass ■ a heap. In law, the concurrence of several titles to the same thing, or of several circumstances to the same proof. In universities, an accxinmUdion of degrees is the taking of several of them at once, or at shorter intervals than the rules allow. that is accumulated ; heaping up. Accumulatively, nk-kew’-muda-tiv-le, ad. In an ac¬ cumulative nmnner; in heaps. AzcvhiyLX'voR, ak-kew'-mxi-la-ter, s. One that accumu¬ lates, gathei's. or amasses. Accuracy , gA s. Exactness; exact confoTmitv to truth, or to a rule or model; freedom from mistake* nicety , precision which results from care. Accurate, a. Exact; correct; preci**’- done with care ; determinate ; close ; perfectly light.’ Accurately, ak'-ku-i'ate-le, ad. Exactlj*; with ore- cision; without error or defect; closelj-. Accurateness, ak'-ku-rate-nes, s. Accuracy; exactness nicety ; precision. Acccrse, ak‘kurs', v.a. To devote to destruction : to int precate misery or evU upon ; to excommunicate. Accursed, ak-kursf. pp. of the verb to arettrse Accursed, ak-kursf-ed, a. Execrable ; detestable wicked ; malignant in the extreme. Accurst, oA-iui-sf'. The same as Accursed Accusable, ak-k^'-zd-bl, a. That may be accused chargeable with a crime; blamable; liable to censure A.CCU8AN-, nk kn(/-zant, s One who accuses. ACCUSATION [ 11 ] ACHING AccrsATiow, ak-hew-za^-shuny 8. Tlie act or accuBing; the ch^ge brought against any one; the declaration containing the charge ; censure. Accusativb, ak-keu/-zA-tiVy a. Censuring ; accusing. In fframmary that case of nouns on wliich the action of a verb terminates or falls : called in English grammar the oltjective case. Accusatively, ak-kevZ-zh-tiv-ley ad. In an accusative manner; relating to the accusative case in grammar. Accusatory, ak-kew'-zA-to-re, a. Accusing ; containing an accusation. Accuse, ak-kewz', v.a. To charge with a crime, or with wrong of any kind; to impeach; to impute to; to blame; to censure. Accused, ak-kewzii'y pp. of the verb to acctise. Accuser, ak-keioz'-eVy s. One who accuses or blames. i^ccDSTOM, v.a. To make familiar by use; to form a habit by practice ; to habituate ; to inure. — "To be wont, or habituated to do any thing; $ to cohabit.—$ 8. Custom. AccusTOMABLEjt ak-kus'-twH-u-bly a. Of long custom; habitual; customary. Accustom ABLY ad. According to cus¬ tom or habit. Accu8tomance4 s. Custom ; use; habit. Accu8TOMARiLY,t aA-Aws'-iMw-d-re-ie, ad. Accoraing to custom or common practice. Accustom ARY ,-t ak-kus'-tu7n-A~re, a. Usual ; customary. Accustomed, ak-kiis'-tiitnd, pp. of the verb to accustom. — a. Usual ; often practised ; frequent. Accustomedness, t ak-kus'-tuiyid-uesy s. Familiarity. Ace, ase, s. A unit; a single point on a card or die. or a card so marked; a particle ; an atom ; a trifle.— Ace- pointy the side of a die that has but one point. Aceldama, s. In Hebrewy the Jield of blood; a fleld said to have lain south of Jerusalem, and thus called, because jiurciiased with the bribe which Judas look for betraying his Master. Acentric, A-sew -trik, a. Not centred. Acephalan, A-ser-«-m7t, s. 1 A class of moiiusca having Acephala, A-ser-A~lAy s.pl. j no head, as the oyster, scallop, mussel, «&c. Also, an order of insects. Acephali, A-se/'-A-liy \ s.pl. In eccles. hist.yS, name Acephalites, A-sef ’A-litZy j given to several sects who refused to follow some noted leader; also, to church¬ men who were under no bishop. In English kist.y cer¬ tain levellers in the reign of Henry I. wiio acknow¬ ledged no head or superior. In old law, men who held lands of no particular lord, that is, not tn fee. Acephalism, a-se/'-d-Zizw, s. The state of being without a head. Aceph alist, s. One who acknowledges no head or superior. Acephalous, a-se/'-A-lus, a. Headless; without a chief or head ; defective at the beginning, as a verse. In hot., ovaries, the style of which springs from their base, instead of their apex, are termed acephalous. Acephalus, s. A lustis natureeyOr monster born without a head; a verse defective in the begin¬ ning ; X the t(snia, or tape-worm, formerly supposed to have no head. Acer, A'-ser, s. The generic name of the maple-tree. Acera, as'-e-rA, T s.pl. A family of apterous insects, Acerans, as'-e-rajiZy j without antenn0e; also a family of gastropod moiiusca, without tentacles. Aceraceous, A-ser-a'-shuSy a. An epithet of a small na¬ tural order of trees,of wmch acer, the maple, is the type. Acerate, as^-er-ate, s. In chern.y a salt formed with the aceric acid and a base. Acerb, A-serb' a. Sour, bitter, and rough to the taste, like unripe fruit; harsh; severe. Acerbate, A-serb'-ateyy.e.. To make bitter or sour. Acerbity, \ s. A rough sour taste ; ap- Acerbitude, A-serb'-e-tewdy j plied to persons or things, harshness; bitterness; severity. Aceric, a-ser'-iky a. Pertaining to the maple.—Aceric acidy an acid found in the juice of the maple-tree. Acerides, A-ser'-e-deeZy s.pl. Plasters made without wax. Acbrose, as'-er-ose, \ a. Chaffy ; resemblingchaff. In bot.y Aceroi s, aZ-er-ue, j applied toleaves which are narrow, stiff, and prickly, like those of the fir-tree. Acerra, A-ser'-rAyS. In arch., a vessel in imitation of those in which the ancients burned incense before a dead body until the period of its inhumation. Acerval, a. Pertaining to or occurring in heaps. iCBRVATB, A-serv'-ate, v.a. To heap up. Acbrvatb, &-$4nf-aty a. In nat. hist., heaped, or grow ing in heaps, or in closely-compacted clusters. AcERysTios, A-serv-a'-shun, a. The act of heaping to¬ gether. Acervose,^ A-ser77'-ose,a.. Full of heaps, Acescence, A-ses'-sefis, i 8. A tendency to turn sour; a Acescency , fi-scs' sefi-se, j being nu)der£*»*ly sour. Acescent, a. Turning sour; becon.ing tartoi acid by spontaneous deconqiosition ; slightly sour. Aceste, A-ses'-te, s. A species of butteiily, witli subden- tatecl wings, found in India. Acestis, d;-scss. A factitious sort of chrysocoUa, made of Cyprian verdigris, urine, and nitre. Acetabulum, s. Among the kind of vinegar cruet, or small cup in which sauce wtis served to table; also,ameasure containing about one- eighth of a pint. In atiai., a cavity in a hone fo** re¬ ceiving the end of another bone, as the hip-bone , also, a j?landular substance found in the placenta of some animals. In bot.,a cotyledon ; the trivial name of a species of peziza; a kind of lichen. Acetarious. us-f ^a'-re-us,a. Acefurtot/sp/^nfsarethose used In salads ttsiettuce,mustardandcress,endive,&c. Acetj ry, as'-e-t'i re, s. An acid pulpy substance found in certain fruits especially the pear, round the core. Acetate, as'-e-tafe, a. In chemisU'7j,R salt, formed by the union of the acetic acid with a salifiable base. Acetated, as-e-ta' ted, a. Combined with acetic acid. Acetic, A-se'-tik, or d set'-ik, a. Relating to acetic acid , sour. Acetic acid, A-se'-tik, or u-set'-ik as’-sid, s. Th(' pure acid of vinegar^ composed of equal parts of caimon and oxygen, w'lth 5-luOllis of hydrogen. Acetification, A-se-te-fe-ka'-shun, s. The act of making acetous or sour ; the operation of making vinegar. Acetify, A-set'-e-f,, v.a. or v.n. To tui'n into acid or vinegar. Acetimeter, as-e-fim'-e-rer. Is. An instrument for as- Acetometer, as-e-tom'-e-ter, | certaining the strength of vinegar. Acetimetry, as-e tim'-e-tre. Is. The art or process of as- Acetometry, as e-to^n'-e-tre,] certaining the strength of vinegar or acetic acid. AcETiTE,:|: a^-e-tite, a. A salt formed by the union of aceto7ts acid with a salifiable base : see Acetous. Acetone, as^-e-tone, s. Pyro-acetic spirit. Acetositt, as-e-to^-e-te, s. The state of being acetose. Acetous, rt-se'-fws, la. Sour; acid; causing acetifica- Acetose, ) iion.as,ac<^fowsfennentatiou. The teiTn acetous acid was formerly applied to impure and dilute acetic acid, but is n iw disused. Acetum, A-se^-tum, s. Vinegar. Ach.kan, a-k^-an, a. Pertaining to Achaia, a state of ancient Greece. Ache, ake, v.n. To be in pain ; to suffer grief; to be • distressed.—s. A continued pain. Achean, d-A:fi'-nn, a. Ach.®an. Ached, aykt, pp. of the verb to ache. Achenium, A-k^-ne-wn, s. In bat., a small hard one- seeded fniit, which does not open when ripe. Acherner, A-kern'-er, a. A star of the first magnitude,in the southern extremity of the constellation Eridaiuis. Acheron, ak'-e-ron, s. A river of Greece, fabled by the ancient poets as that of hell. Acherset, ak'-er-sety s. An ancient measure of corn, supposed to have been about eight bushels. Acherusian, ak-e-ru'-zhan, a. Pertaining to Acherusia, a lake in Campania, in Italy. Achievable, a-tsheexf-A-hl, a. That may be performed. AcHiBVABLENES6,d-i^Aect?-d-6i-7ies, 8. The state of being accomplishable. Achievancb, A-tsheev'-anSy s. Performance. Achieve, d-isAeei'', v.a. To perform; to finish ; to ac¬ complish ; to gain or obtain. Achieved, A-tsheevd', pp. of the verb to achieve. Achievement, A-tshe.ev-ment, s. The performance of an action; feat; exploit; a great or heroic deed; some¬ thing accompli.shed by valour or boldness; attainment; an escutcheon, or ensigns armorial. Achiever, A-tshee^f-er, a. One who accomplishes a pur¬ pose, or obtains an object by his exertions. Achilleion , s. A species of sponge used by the ancients to make tents for wounds. Achilles tendon, A-kiV-leez ten'-don, a. Tendo AchilUs, in ajiat.yR^eax tendon which ex tends from themusclcfi of the calf to the heel. Aching, aA(?'-tn^,ppr. Beinginpam; sufferingdisUeea — s. Pain uneasiness; distress. ACHIOTE [ 12 ] ACOUSTIO (UJsnc/TB, t ke-ot€^%. Thb tknotta-tree; also, a red dye, formed of the pulp which surrounds its seeds. A.CHIRITE, ak'-e-rite, s hmerald malachite, a rare ore of copper : see Dioptape. Achiropoetous, &-ki'-r'-td-i/7t'-e irCjS. The measurement of the strengtli of acids. Acidity, di-sirf'-e-ie, is The quality of being acid, Acidnkss, a^-id-nes.) sharpness; sourness. Acidulr:, h-sid'-yu-U, s.pl. Medicinal springs impreg¬ nated with carbonic acid, or sharp pungent qualities. Acidulate, v.a. To tinge with an acid, to make acid in a moderate degree. Acidule, as'-id-yule, \ s. In chern., a salt in which Acidulum, d-sid'-yxi-liim,j the acid is in cxce.ss. Acidulous, d-s 2 ci'-t/M-Zu£,a. Rliglitly sour;sub-acid. Acid- tdons mmeral waters are sucli as contain carbonic acid. Aciform, -e-form, a. Xecdle-shapcd. Acinaceous, as-e-Jin'-shxis, a. Pull of kernels. Acinaces, d-sin'-(t-scez, s. A kind of Pei*sian sabre. Acin ACiFORM,a.s-«-7irts'-e-/o'raj,a. In 6oi.,scimitar-shaped, applied to leaves, one edge of which is straight and tluck, and the other curved and thin. Acinesia, as-in-e'-zh(i, s. Loss of motion. AciNiFoaM,d-ibi'-f-/br7/i,a. Having clusters like grape- stones ; full of kernels. Acini, rt.^-m-i,s.pl. Granulations; compound berries. Acinos: , I a. Jn min., consisting of minute Acinous, f gMnular concretions. AciNus,a«'-i7i-«s,s. In fwL,one of the small grains which compose the fruit of the blackberry, raspbeiTy, &c. Acipenser, as-e-pen'-ser, s. Intc7i.,agenu«offishes,of the order Chondropterygii, including the stui'geon, sterlet, huso, paddle-fish, &c. Acitli, d-sit'-le, s. A name of the water-hare, or great crested grebe or diver. Acknowledge, ak-noV-edf, v.a. To admit or avow to he tme, to own the knowledge of, to own or tsi*j thing or person in a particular character; to recognise; to confess, as a fault or sin ; to receive with approba tion; to ow’n with gratitude; to receive "with respect; to assent to an act in a legal form to give it validity. Acknowledged, ak-noV-edJd, pp. of to acknowledge. AcK'sow'i.EDOY:R,ak-nol'-e4j-erfS. One who acknowledges. Acknowledging, ak-noV-edj-xng, ppr. of to acknowledge. — + a. Grateful. Acknowledgment, dk-noV-edj-ment, s. The act of own¬ ing ; recognition; concession; admission of the truth of a fact, position, or principle; confession of a fault, something given or done in confession of a benefit re¬ ceived ; gratitude; thanks ; a declaration or avowal of one’s own act, to give it legal validity. AcLiDE,aA:-7iW,s. A kind of sharp j'avelin, with athong attached to it, for drawing it back, when thrown; used by the ancient Roman soldiery. ^ AcME,rtA:'-me,s. The top or highest point of any thin", the prime, as of youth ; utmost excellence. In twea., the crisis of a disease, or its utmost violence. Acne, akf-ne, 8 . A hard, inflamed pimple or tubercle, occurring on the face, sometimes on the breast, back, or shoulders. Acnestis, ak-7ies'-tis, s. That part of the spine in quad¬ rupeds which lies between the shoulder-blades and tlie loins, and which the animal cannot reach to scratch. Aco, aP-o, 8 . A Mediterranean fish, the sarachus. Acold,J d-koald', ad. Cold. Acolin, ak'-o-lin,s. A bird of the partridge kind, found in Cuba. Acology, &-koV-o-je, 8 . The doctrine of therapeutic agents in general, or of remedies for disease. Acolothist, 'is. In the ancient church, a Acolyte, ak'-o-lite, > subordinate officer, who Acolyth, ) trimmed the lamps, pre¬ pared the elements for saci'aments, &c. An officer ol a like character is still employed in the Romish church. Acondylose, 8. A sharp, bitter, pungent Acridness, ak’-rid-nes, ] quality ; a hot biting taste. Acridophaoi, A-kre-dof-a-ji, s.pl. Locust-eaters. Acrimonious, aA:-r«-wo'-ne-us, a. Sharp; bitter; corro¬ sive; abounding with acrimony. Fig?.,severe; sarcastic. Acrimoniously, ak-re-mo'-ne-us-le, ad. "With sharpnest or bitteiTiess; angrily; with asperity. Acrimoniousness, ak-re-mo'-ne-us-nes, s. The state or quality of being acrimonious. Acrimony, rti'-re-«io-ne,s. Sharpness; a quality of bodies which corrodes, dissolves, or destroys others; sharp¬ ness or severity of temper; bitteniess of language. Acrist, ak'-re-se, s. A condition of which no correct judgment can be formed; particularly, the state of a disease in which the symptoms are indecisive; that of which no choice is made; a matter in dispute; inju* diciousness. Acritan, A-kri'-tan,%. \ Adivieionoftheanimalkingdom Acrita, A-kri'-tA, s.pl. j com^yrehending the sponges, polypes, corals, and other plant-like animals, wliich have no discernible nervous system. Acrite, ak'-rite, s. See Acritan. Acritous, ak'-re-tus, a Doubtful; indecisive as to the event. Acritdde, ak' re-tewd, s. See Acridity. AcRiTYjt s. Sharpness 'iagemess. AcRO/LyiA.Tic. A-kro-A-niaf-ik, i a. Abstruse, per- Acroamatical, A-kro-A-niaf -ik-al, j taining to deep learning; an epithet applied to the secret doctrines of Aristotle, which were also called esoterical. His lec¬ tures were of two kinds, acroamatic, acroatic, or eso¬ teric, delivered to a class of select disciples, who had been previously instructed in the common branches of philosophy; and exoteric, vrlaielx were delivered in pub- Dc. The foiTner consisted of speculations relating to being, God, and nature; the piincipal subjects of the latter were logic, rhetoric, and policy. The abstruse lectures were called acroamatics or acroatics, and those who were admitted to them acroamatici or rtcroa^tct. Acroatic, A-kro-af-ik, a. and s. See Acroamatic. Acroceraunian, A-J:ro-se-raw'-7ie-an, a. An epithet ap - plied to certain mountains between Epirus and lUyn- cum, from their being often struck with lightning. Acrociiord, akf-ro-kord, s. A genus of serpents in Java, covered with small scales, resembling granulated warts. Acrodacttlum, dk-ro~dak'-til-um, 8. The upper surface of each digit. Acrogen, ak-ro-jen, s. A cryptogamic plant, which in¬ creases in length only,not in thickness, as ferns, &c. Acrolith, ak'-ro-lith, s. In ai'ch. and setdp., a statue the extremities ol which are of stone and the other parts of wood. Acrolithan, A-krol'-ith-an, a. Pertaining to an aero- lith ; formed like an acrolith. Acromania, A-kro-nia^-ne-A, s. Incurable insanity. Acromial, A-kro'-me-al,a,. Appertaining to the acromion. Acromion, A-kro'-me-on, s. In anatomy, the humeral extremity of the spine of the scapula or shoulder-blade. Acromonogrammatic, n:-A;ro-wo-7io-prflm-wat'-tI:,a. or s. AMndof poem,in which every Line or verse commences with the letter with which the one preceding ends. Aceonic, A-kron'-ik, \ a. In astronomy, applied to Acronical, A-kro7i'-ik-al, j the rising of a star at sun set, or its setting at sunrise: it is opposed to cosmicai Acronically, a-kro7i'-ik-al-le, ad. In an acronical mai[ ner; at the rising or setting of the sun. Acb-otatuy,A- krop -A-ihe,s. Disease of the extremities. Acropodium, ak-7'o-po'-de-um,s. In zoology, the upper surface of the foot, hut more particularly of that of a bird. Acropolis, A~krop'-o~lis, s. A citadel, particularly that of Athens. Acropt* ak'-ro-pe, 8 . Defective articulation. AcRospiRE,a7;'-ro-sptV^th; con¬ sequently. Adjuration, ad-ju-ra'-shun, s. A solemn charging on oath, or under the penalty of a curse; the form of an oath proposed. Adjure, arf-jMre', v.a. To impose an oath under a pre¬ scribed form; to charge or command on pain of Gud’s wrath; to urge or summon with solemnity; to con- jui’e; to enti’eat earnestly. Adjured, ad-jured', pp. of the verb to adjure. Adjured, ad-jure'-er, s. One that adjures; one that exacts an oath. Adjust, adjust', v.a. To make exact; to fit; to make coiTespondent or confonnable; to regulate; to put in order; to reduce to system; to make accurate; to settle. Adjustable, arf-jusi'-d-i/, a. Thatmay or can be adjusted. Adjuster, ad-jiist'-er,s. He or that which adjusts. Adjustive, ad-just'-ii', a. Capable of being adjusted. Adjustment, ad-jusf-ment, s. The act of adjusting; arrangement; settlement. Adjut lge, ad'ju taje, 1 s. A tube fitted to the mouth of Ajutage, j a vessel through wliich the water of a fountain is played. A njuTANCY, s. The office of an adjutant; skilful arrangement. Adjutant, s. In military affairs, an officer w'hose business is to assist the major by receiving and communicating orders. He places guards, receives and distributes ammunition, assigns places of rendez¬ vous, &c Fig., an assistant.— Adjutant-general, in an army, is the chief ad.iutant.— The adjuta7it,in ornith., a very large species of crane in India. It is one of the most voracious carnivorous birds known.— Adjutants fpieral, among the Jesuits, were a select number of fathers, each of whom had a province or country as¬ signed to his care, and gave information of occur¬ rences therein to the father-general. Adjute,^ ad-jute^, v.a. To help; to concur. AT)juTOR,t ad-ju'-ter, s. A helper. Adjutorium, ad-ju-to'-re-u7n,h. In anat.,ZL name of the humerus, from its usefulness in lifting the arm. AdjutoryjJ ad-ju'-to-re,Jx. Helping; assisting. ADJUTB:x,t adjii'-trix, s. She who helps. Adjuvant, ad-iM'-mne,or<7ff-Ju-r'anC, a. Helpful; usefo: — s. An assistant. In mcd., an ingredient added to a prescription to aid the operation of the princinal in¬ gredient, or basis. Adjuvate,$ ad'-ju-vate, or ad-ju'-vatc, v.a. To help. ADLEGATioN,ad-/e-^'a'-s7itm,s. A right formerly claimed by the several states of the old Gennan Empire oi joining their own ministers with those of the emperor in all public treaties and negotiations wliich related to the common interests of the empire. Ad libitum, adlib'-e-tum, (Lat.) At pleasure; withot restriction. Adlocution, ad-lo-keiv'-shtm, s. See Allocution. Admeasure, arf-mes/i'-MT, v.a. To measure or ascertain dimensions^ size, or capacity; to apportion; to assign to each claimant his right. Admeasured, ad-mezh'-urd, pp. of to admeasure. Admeasurement, ctd-wicz/i'-ur-wieu^, s. The measurin'^ of dimensions by a rule; the measure of a thing, or dimensions ascertained; the adjustment of proporciou. or ascertainment of shares, as of dower or pasture held in common. Admeasurer, ad-mezh'-ur-er, s- One that admeasures. Admensuration, ad-men-su-ra'-shun, s. The act, art, or practice of measuiing; t admeasurement. Admetiate,^, ad-me'-shate , v.a. To measure. Adminicle, $ ad-min'-e-kl,%. Help ; support; furtherance Adminicular, a. Helping; helpful. Adminiculator, ad-miji-ik-yu-la'-ter , s. One w’ho helps or assists the weak; an advocate for the poor. Administer, ad-min'-is-tei .y. sx. To act as minister or agent in any employment or office; to direct the ex¬ ecution or application of laws; to give; to afford; to supply; to dispense, as justice or tlie sacraments; to propose or cause to take an oath according to law; to direct and cause to be taken as medicine ; to contri¬ bute ; to bring aid or supplies; to perform the office of an administrator. Administered, rn(i',pp. Decked ; decorated ; embellished Adorner, d-dorn'-er, s. One wiio adonis. Adorning, d-dorn’-ing, ppr. of the verb to adorn. — s. Ornament; decoration. Adorningly, d-dorn'-vig-le, ad. By adorning. .Adornment,O raament; embellishment. Adoscdlation, ad-os-ku-la'-sfmn, s. In nat. hist., im¬ pregnation by mere extenial contact. In bot., the im¬ pregnation of plants by the falling of the farina on the pistils; the inserting of one partof a plant into another Adossed, d-dosf. a. In heraldry, placed back to back. Adown, d-doivn% prep. Down towards the ground. — ad. Down ; on the ground; at the bottom. Adpressed, ad-presif, a. In hot., applied to branches or leaves when they rise in a direction nearly parallel to the stem, and are close to it.- Adraganth, df-drd-gnnth, s Gum dragon. AdreaDjI^ d-dred', a. In a state of fear ; terrified. Ad referendum, ad ref-er-en'-dum. (Lat.) For fur¬ ther consideration. Adriatic, a. Pertaining to the GulfofVenioe — 8. The Venetian Gulf. Adrift, d-driff, a. or ad. Floating at random; im pelled or moving without direction. Figuratively, desti tute ; forlora; without friends or home, as,in the wide world adrift. Adrogation, ad-ro-ga’-shxni, s. A species of filial adop tion practised in ancient Home. Adroit, d-droyf', a. Dexterous; active ; ready in invi'a- tion or execution ; skilful ; ingenious. Adroitly, d-droytf-le, ad. Dexterously ; skilfully. Adroitness, d-rfroyf'-ncs, s. DexteriTv; readinesB- in¬ genuity. Adry, d-dri’, a. Thirsty ; in want of drink. ADSCITITIOTJS ( 19 ] ADVEITUfiER ^sciTiiious, ad-8e-t*8h' ut, a. Added; taken as sup¬ plemental ; additional; not requisite. aoscRiPT, adf-skHptj s. One held to service, as attached to some place, &c. ^.DSTRicTioN, ad-strikf-shun, s The act of bindini? to¬ gether. In costiveness; the action of an astringent. A.DSTR1CTORT, i c. a Adstrinoknt. ad-striiij'-ent, ) Astringent. AD'ULaria, aa-yu-la'-re-A, s. The riioonstoiie of lapida¬ ries; a semi-transparent variety of albite and feldspar. Adulation, rtd-i/ii-^rt'-67mn,s. Flattery;highcompUinent. Adulator, ad'-yu-la-ter^ s. A flatterer. Adulatory, ad'-yu-la-to-re^ a. Flattering; containing excessive praise or coniplunents; servilely praising. Adulatress, ad'-yu-la-tresy s. A female flatterer. Adult, d-dulify a. Grown up ; arrived at the age of pu¬ berty; grown to full size and strength.—Afiwri: schoolsy are schools intended for persons who were not educated in their youth. — 8. A person grown to full size and strength, or to the years of manhood ; any full-grown animal or plant. Adulted,4: d-dult’-edy part. a. Completely grown. Adulter,I rt-Jui'-i'tTjV.n. TocoinnutaduJtei 7 ; to pollute. Adulterant, d-duV-ter-anty s. He or that which adulte¬ rates. Adulterate, d-dul'-ter-nte, v.a. To corrupt, debase, or make impure by an admixture of baser materials ; to contaminate; to pollute. — X v.n. To commit adultery. ^a. Tainted with adultery ; debased by foreign mixture. Adulteratelv, d-dnl'-ter-ate~le, ad. In an adulterate manner. Adulteuateness, d-duL'-ter-ate-nes, s. The quality or state of being debased or corrupted. ADx:LTERATioN. s. The act of adulter¬ ating ; the state of being adulterated or corruptt^d. Adulterer, d-rfur-Jfer-er, s. A man guilty of adultery. In Scrip., an idolater; an apostate from the true faitli; a very wicked person; one devoted to earthly things. Adulteress, (i-c/ur-/!er-es,s. A woman guilty of adultery. Adulterine, d-dul'-ter-in, a. Proceeding from adulter¬ ous commerce; spurious. — s. In the civil law, the child of adultery. Adulterize, J d-d}d'-ter-ize,\-.a.. To commit adultery. .Adulterous, u-dul'-ter-usy a. Guilty of adultery ; per¬ taining to adultery. In Scrip.,idolatrous; very wicked. Adulterously, d-dul'-ter-us-le, ad. In an adulterous manner. ADULTi:uY^d-rfn/'-i«r-e,8. Violation of the marriage bed; the unfaitlifulness of anv manied person to the mar- ririg(' bed. In Scriptural 'inmjuageyinxy species of lewd¬ ness or unchaslity ; also, idolatryj or ap<)stasy from the true God. In dnirch a^oira, the intrusion of a person into a bishopric, during the life of tlie bishop. ADULTNES.S, d-dalt’-uesy s. The state of being adult. Adumbrant, nd~um’-brant, sx. Giving a faint shadow, or slight resemblance. Adumbrate, v.a. To shadow out faintly; to giveaslighi likeness ; to exhibit a faint resemblance. Adumbration, ad-nni-bra'-shu7i, s. The act of making a shadow or faint resemblance , a faint sketch ; an im¬ perfect representation of a thing. In her., the shadow onlv of a figure, outlined, and painted of a colour darker tlian the field. ^DONATION 4 8. The being United; uiuon. Aduncity, ad-uti'-$e-te, s. Crookedness; flexui’e in¬ wards ; hookedness. Aduncous, ad-unk'-usy 1 a. Crooked; nooked; bentiuthe ADUNQUE,t ad-ufir^, ) form of a hook. Adurb + d-deivr', v.a. To bum up; to scorch. Adust, la. Burned up; scorched; become Adusted, d~du8f-edy j hot and dry. AdustiblEjJ d-dnsf-e-blydi. That may be burned up. ADusTioN, ard; gradual progression; improvement, promotion; preferment; first hint bv way of invitation; first step towards an agreement; ®^ desire to obtain or possess. In trade additional price; profit; a furnishing of something, on contract, before an equivalent is received; a furnish¬ ing of money or goods for others, in expectation oi reimbursement, the property so furnished.—In nd- I’ancc, in front, before, beforehand ; before an equiva¬ lent is received; beyond the due amount or proportion. Advance-guard, is. The vanguai'd oi Advanced-guard, ad-vansv -gard,] first Une of an army a small party in advance of the main body of an army Advanced, ad-vanst', pp. of the verb to advance. — a. Old, having readied the decline of life. Adva,noement, aa-vans'-ment.. s. The act of moving for ward or proceeding; the state of being advanced; the act of promoting; promotion; improvement; profici¬ ency ; enhancement; settlement on a wife, or jointure; the payment of money in advance; money advanced; provision made by a parent for a child, by gift of pro¬ perty, during the parent’s life, to which the child would be entitled, as heir, after the parent’s death. Advancer, ad-wan6'-er,s. He that advances; apromoter. Advancivr, ad-VG7t/-iu, a. Tending to advance or pro¬ mote. Advantage, ad-vanf-aje^ i. Any state, condition, or circumstance favourable to success, prosperity, inter¬ est, reputation, or enhancement; benefit; gain ; profit opportunity; convenience for obtaining benefit; su¬ periority, or that wliich gives it; superiority gained by stratagem or unfair means; + increase, overplus. — v.a. To benefit; to improve ; to promote the interest of. ADv\NTAGEABLR,-f nd-i'unt'-uje-d-ol, a. Profitable; con¬ venient ; gainful. Advantaged, pp. Bene^ted; promoted. —t a. Possessed of advantages; commodiously situated or disposed. ADVANTAOE-oRouND,ad-yanf-f7;e-p7-oienrf,s. Ground that gives advantage or superiority ; a state that gives su¬ perior advantages for annoyance or resistance. Advantageous, a. Being of advantage, profitable; useful; beneficial; opportune ; con venient. Advantageously, ad-van-ta'-jus-te, ad. In an advan¬ tageous manner; profitably; usefully; conveniently. Advantageol'sness, ad-van-ta'-jus-tics. s. Tlie quality*or stateof being advantageous; profitableness; usefulness. AdvbctitiouSjJ ad-vek-tis.h'-us, a. Brought from another place. ADvENE.afi-re67i',v.n. Toaccede,or come to ; to be added to, or become a pan of, though not essential. Advenu nt, ad-ve-ne-ciH, a. Advening; superadded. Advent, A coining; the coming of our Saviour; and in the calendar it includes four Sabbaths before Christmas, beginning on St. Andi'ew’s Bay, or on the Sabbath next before or after it, in¬ tended as a season of devotion and religious preparation. ) a. Added extrinsically; 5,/ accidental; not essen- Adventine4 ad-vetif -in, Adventitious, ad-ven-tish' us, tially Inherent; casual; foreign. In 6oi., applied to anything which appears out of the ordinary course of nature, as the roots which are sent down from the iirancbes of the banyan-tree, &c. Adventitiously, ad-i^en-tish'-us-le, ad. Accidentally. Adventitiocsness, ad-ven-tUh'-us-nes, s. The state of being adventitious. Adyentive, nrf-fenf'-tu, a. Accidental adventitious. — -is. The thing or person that comes from without Adventual, ad-venf-yu-al, a. llelating to the season of advent. Adventure, ad-ven'-tyur, s. Hazard, risk; accident, chance; an event of which one has no direction; an enterprise of hazard; a bold undei*taking; a remark¬ able occuiTence; strange Incident; a small amount of property which sailors are permiued to take with them fortrading in foreign ports, couuuoiily called a A bill of adventure is a writing or receipt given by one who sliips goods at the risk of another, binding him¬ self to account for the proceeds of the said goods. — v.a. To risk or hazard; to pul into the power of chance. — v.n. To dare; to try the chance. Adventured, ad-ven'-tyurd, pp. of the verb to adventure Adventure-ful, ad-ven'-tyur-fhl, a. Given to adven¬ ture; full of enterprise. Adventurer, ad-ven'-tyur-er, 8. One who hazards or puts something at risk; one who seeks occasions of chance,or attempts extraordinary enterprises. In pop. king., one vvho has risen to eminence or some particular position chiefly, if not wholly, through fortuitous c? ADViiNTUEESOME [ 20 ] AIIPATHY extraordinary circumstances, and not by intrinsic merit; also, one who, being little known, assumes and claims the privileges of a station in life to which he is entitled neither by birth, education, nor fortune, and frequently with some dishonest intent; an impostor. A-DVKNTURESOMEjrtd-veH'-ii/Mr-SMwi, a. See Adventurous. Adventdresomenbss, ad~ven'•tyur-swn-neSi s. The qua¬ lity of being adventurous. ADVENruaors, ad-veti’~tyur~u8y a. Inclined to adven¬ tures ; given to incur hazard; enterprising; bold; dar¬ ing ; courageous; hazardous; exposingto danger; rash. Adyenturouslv, ad-ven'-ty\ir-us-lef ad. Hazardously; boldly; daringly; courageously. Adventurousness, ad-ven‘-tyur-xis-neSf 8. The act or quality of being adventurous. Adverb, ad'-verh^ s. In grammctr, one of the parts of speech; a word used to modify the sense of a verb, participle, adjective, or another adverb, and usually placed near it, as, he lives honestly. Adverbial, ad-verb'-e-al, a. Pertaining to an adverb. Adverbially, ad-verb’-e-al-le, ad. In the manner of an adverb. Adver8ablb4; ad-ver^-d’hl, ad. Contrary to; opposite to. Adversaria, ad-ver-sa'-re-d, s. Among the ancients, a book Of accounts. In modem use, a common-place book; a miscellaneous collection of notes, remarks, &c. ADYERSARious.t ad-ver-sa'-rs-tts, a. Advemary. Adversary, flo-ver-srt-re, s. An opponent; an antago¬ nist ; an enemy; a foe. a Opposed; opposite to; adverse. adversative, ad’Vers^-d-tiv, a. In grammar, denoting some difference, contrariety, or opposition; e. g., hut is an adversative conjunction. — s. A word denotmg contrariety or opposition. Adverse, ad'-vers, a. Acting in a contrary direction; conflicting; counteracting; opposing; hostile; repug¬ nant ; unfortunate; calamitous; afflictive; pernicious. Adverse,$ ad-ver^,v.z,. To oppose. Adversely, ad'-vers-le, ad. In an adverse manner; op¬ positely; unfortunately. Adverseness, ad'-vers-nes, s. Opposition; unprosper- ousness. Adversity, ad-ver^-e-te, s. State of unhappiness; afflic¬ tion ; calamity; misfortune; distress; miseiy. Advert, ad-veri', v.n. To turn the mind or attention to; to regard, observe, or notice; to refer to. — ^v.a. To regard; to advise. Advertence, ad-vertf-ens, ) s. Attention to ; regard ; Advertency, ad-vert'-en-se, j cousideration;]ieedfuluess. Advertent, a. Attentive; heedful. Advertently, fid-ro'f'-enf-Zfi,ad. In an advertent manner. Advertise, ad-uer-fise',v.a. To inform; to give notice, advice, or intelligence to; to publish a notice or ac¬ count of; to make publicly known. Advertised, ad-ver-tizd', pp. of the verb to advertise. Advertisement, ad-ver'-ttz-ment, or ad-ver-tize'-ment, s. Especial notice given in the newspapers, »fcc.; legal notifleation; information, admonition, the notice given. Advertiser, ad-ver-tize'-er, s. One who advertises. Advertising, ppr. of the verb to advertise. — a. Giving intelligence; furnishing advertisements. ADVEsrERATE,t ad-ves' per-ate, v.n. To draw towards evening. Advice, ad-vis^, s. An opinion recommended or offered as worthy to be followed; friendly counsel; admoni¬ tion; instruction; deliberate consideration; consulta¬ tion; intelligence, commonly m the plural, as, advices have just been received. In com. long., information gh en by one merchant or banker to another, by letter, as to the bills or drafts drawn upon him, with all par¬ ticulars of date, amount, to whom made payable, &c. Advice-boat, ad-vise'-boat, s. A vessel employed to carry dispatches or infonnation. Advigilate,$ ad-vidj'-il-ate,v.Q,. To watch diligently. Advisable, od-ftze'-fi-M, a. Proper to be advised, done, or practised; prudent; expedient; open to advice. Advtsableness, ad-vizf^-d-bl-nes, s. ’ The quality of being advisable; expedient; propriety. Advisably, flrf-vtze'-di-fete, ad. With advice. Advise, mi-ftze', v.a. To counsel; to inform; to com¬ municate notice to ; to make acquainted with. — v.n. To consult; to consider; to deliberate. ADVISED, ah-v\zd', pp. or a. Inforaied; counselled; prudent; wise; acting\vith deliber'^tion; done,formed, or taken with advice or deliberation: intended. > DVI8KDLY, ad-vize'-ed-le, ad. ueliheration or ad¬ vice . hcedfully; purposely; by design. Advisedness, ad'-vize'-ed-nes, 8 . Delibeiate considGra tion; prudent procedure. , . ^ ^ Advisement, ad-vize'-nient, s. Counsel; mformatioii circumspection; consultation. Adviser, ad-vize'-er. s. One who gives advice or admo¬ nition; also, ill a had iense, one who instigates. Advising, flfi-i’ize'-ingr, 8. Advice; counsel. Adviso,$ Advice ; consideration. Advisory, ad-viztf-o-re, a. Having power to advise, containing advice. ^ Advocacy, ad'-vo-ifi-se, 8. The act of pleading for ; de¬ fence; vindication ; judicial pleading; law-suit. Advocate, ad'-vo-kate, s. One who pleads the cause oi another before any tribunal or judicial court; a bar¬ rister ; one who defends, vindicates, or espouses i cause by argument; an intercessor; one who is friendly to.—Faculty of Advocates, in Scotland, is a so¬ ciety of eminent lawyers_, who practise in the supremt. courts.— Lord Advocate, m Scotland, is the principal crown lawyer, or prosecutor in criminal cases.— Judge Advocate, in courts martial, is a person who manages the prosecution. — v.a. To plead in favour of; to defend by argument, to support; to vindicate. Advocateship, s. The office or duty of an advocate; assistance or support in a suit. Advocatess, ad'-vo-ka-tes, s. A female advocate. Advocation ad-vo-ka'-shun, s. The act or office of plead ing for; plea; apologv. Advolation, ad-vo-la'-shun, s. A flying to something. Advolution,^ ad-vo-lu'-shun, s. The act of rolling to • something. Advoutrer, ad-vow'-irer, s. An adulterer. Adtoutress, ad-vow'-tres, s. An adulteress. Advodtroub,^ ad-vow’-trus, a. Adulterous. ADvouTRT,t ad-voiv'-tre, s. Adultery. Advowee, ad-vow-^, s. He that has the right of advow- son ; the advocate of a church or religious house. Advowson, ad-vou/-znn, s. In English law, a right of presentation to a vacant benefice. Advoter, ad-voy’-a, ) s. The chief magistrate of a town Avoyer, d-voy'-a, |. or canton in Switzerland. Ady, d’-de, 8. A species of West Indian palm-tree. Adynamia, ) s. In med., weakness occa Adynamy, A-din-d'-me, j sioned by disease ; diminu tion of the vital powers. Adynamic. d-rffi-uawt'-iA:, a. AVeak ; destitute of strength. Adytum, ; pi. Adyta. The inner and most sacred part of the ancient heathen temples. None but the priests wei*e permitted to enter it, and. from thence the oracles were delivered. The Jewish Holy of Holies was a similar part of the temple of Jeiaisalem. In modern use, a vestry; any secret apartment. Adz, ) _i s. a cutting instrument of the axe kind, Adze,)”“®’1 having a thin or arching blade, set a' right angles to the handle : chiefly use^ by coopers. iE, e. A diphthong whicli forms the initial syllable oi many words derived from the Latin and Greek, but which has been mostly superseded by e, and indeed convenience seems to require it to be wholly rejected in Anglicized words. For such words, therefore, a.s the reader may not find under ilii,he is requested to search under the letter E. Mo, ED, ead, initial syllables found in names from the Saxon, signify happy; as, Eadric, happy kingdom, Edmard, prosperous ■watch ; successful weapon. JEciDiuM,e-si(i-e-MWi,s. A genus of Fungi found on the bark and leaves of trees. JEdes, d-deez, s. An inferior kind of ancient temple, consecrated to some deity. iEDiLE, e'-dile, s. In aiicient Rome, a civic officer who had the care of the public buildings, &c. JEgilops, e'-jil-ops,s. A timiour in the inner comer of the eye. In bot., a species of oak, queyrus cegilops; also, a genus of grasses, popularly called Hardgi’ass. iEois,e'-jts,s. A shield, or defensive ai’mour;/u*operii/,tb6 mythic shield given by Jupiter to Minerva, and ■NVhich the latter rendered terrible by affixing to it the Qor- gon’shead, which turned into stone all who looked on it JEglogue, e^-log, s. A pastoral; an eclogue. jEglus, ef-glus, s. The chameleon thistle. MQOTiS.kVfTiK, e-go-man'-shd, s. In divination by means of a goat. ^GOPODiuM, e-go-po’-de-um, s. The scientific name of the plant Goat-weed or Goat’s-foot. j^^GYPTiACUM, e^jip-ti'-d-kum^ s. An ointment, usually composed of honey, verdigris, and vinegar. iEiPATHT, e-ip'-d’the, s. A contliiuod passion. iEL [ 21 ] AFPEGTIBLE jEi., A.L, ALH, or BAL, Saxon words, all^ are Been in many names, as in JEl/red, Alfred, all peace. JEi-r elf, seems to be one form of help, but more gene- raliywritten elph,or ulph, as in J&V/mn, victorious aid. ^NEiD, tf-ne'-id, s. A celebrated epic poem by Virgil, of which jEneas is the hero. jEoLiAN, e-o'-le-an, a. Pertaining to JEolus, the god of the winds, or to JEolia, a part of Greece. See uEolic and Eolian. ilioLiAN HAap. See Eolian Harp. ikoLic, e-oV-ik,a.. Pertaining to ^oUa, apart of Greece. —'fhe JEolic dialect is one of the five dialects of the Greek tongue, agreeing in most things with the Doric dialect.—The JSolic verse consists of an iambus or spon¬ dee, then of two anapests separated by a long syllable. JEoLiTiLr^,e-ol'-e~pile,8. See Eolipile. ^oLisT, e-o-list, 8. A pretender to inspiration. AiloN, e'-on, s. See Eon. ^QUiNOLiTE, e-kwin’-o-lite, s. See Pitch-stone. Aeratb, a'-er-ate,y.a.. To combine with carbonic acid, formerly called^xcrf air. In zool.,Xo change the circu¬ lating fiuidfc of animals by means of air; to arterialize. Aeration , a-er-a’-shun, s. The act or operation of com¬ bining with carbonic acid. In zool., the arterialization of the blood. In ugric,, the aeration of soils is the ex¬ posing of them to the free action of the air, by means of ploughing, &c.,a8essentiaUo the growth of plants. ^*RIAL, a. Belonging to tlie air; consisting of air; produced by air; inhabiting or frequenting the air; placed in the air; high; lofty; elevated.—Amal plants are those which derive their nourishment cliiefiy from the atmosphere, as the epidendra, aerides, &c.— Aerial perspective, see Perspective. AiSRiANS,a-«'-re-ana, s.pl. In church history, a branch of Allans, so called ^om Aerius, who maintained that there is no difference between bishops and priests. Aerie, a'-re, or e'-re, s. The nest of a bii-d of prey, as of an eagle or hawk; a brood of such birds. Aeriferous, ayr-if'-er-us. a. Containing air. ,ayr-e-fe~ka'-shun, s. The act of combining air with; the state of being filled with air; Uie act of becoming air; the state of being aeriform Aerifiei), ayr'-e-Jide, pp. of the verb to aerify. Aeriform, arjr'-e-form, a. Having the form or nature of air. or of an elastic, inilsible fluid. Aerify, ayr'-e-fi^\.&. To infuse aii’ into; to fill with air, or to combme air with. AERo-DTNAMics,rtv»*-o-d6-tmwi^-iis, 8. The science which treats of the motion of aii’ and the mechanical effects of air in motion. Aerognosy, ayr-oy'-no-se, 8. The science which treats of the properties of air, and of tlie pai*t it performs in the operations of nature. Aeroorapht, s. A description of the air or atmosphere; biit aerology is chiefly used. Aerolite, ayr'-o-lite, \ s. A meteoric stone ; a stone Aerolith, ayr'-o-lith, ) which falls from the air or at¬ mospheric regions. Nothing is positively known as to the origin of aerolites. .Serological, a. Pertaining to aerology. Aerologist, ayr-oi'-o-jist, s. One versed in aerology. Aerology, ayr-oV-o-je, s. A description of the air; that branch of philosophy which treats of the air, its con¬ stituent parts, properties, and phenomena. Aeromancy, at/r'-o-wtrtn-«6, 8- Divination by means of the air and winds. Aerometer, ayr-om'-e-ter, s. An instrument for mea¬ suring air, or for ascertaining the mean bulk of gases. Aerometry, ayr-om'-B’tre, s. The science of measuring or weigliing the air, now called the art or science of ascertaining the mean bulk of gases. Aeronaut, ayr'-o-nawt, s. One who sails or floats in the air, as in a balloon; an aerial navigator. Aeronautic, ayr-o-nawtf^ik, a. Sailing or floating in the air; pertaining to aerial sailing. Aeronautics. ayr-o~naxvf ~iks, s. The doctrine,science, or art of sailing in the air by means of a balloon. Ieron AUTISM, ai/i''-o-naa’i-isM», s. The practice of ascend¬ ing and floating In the atmosphere in balloons. J.EROPHOBIA, ayr-o-fo'‘be-h, s. A dicad of air ; a symp¬ tom common in cases of hydrophobia,and occasionally also observed in some other diseases. Aerophytb, ayr'-o-Me, s. A plant which lives exclu¬ sively in the air, in contradistinction to a hydrophyte, which lives under water. Abroscepst, 8. The faculty of perception by the medium of the aipj supposed to reside in the sjitfnnse of insci'U. AERostoPT, ayr os’-ko-pe, 8. The observation or perevp tion of the air. Aerositb, ayr'-o-site, s. See Rbd Silver. Aerostat, ayr'~o~stat, g. A machine or vessel capabl'j ol sustaining weights in the air; an air balloon. Aerostatic, ayr-o-statf-ik, a. Suspending in air; per taining to the art of aerial navigation. Aerostatics, ayr-o-stat'~iks, ) s Aerial navigation , Aerostation, ayr-os-ta'-shxm,] the science of raising, suspending, and guiding machines in the air; tthe science of weighing air or aenform fluids. jEruoinous, e-ru'-jin-us, a. Of the nature of verdigris. JEttuoo, e-ru’~go, s. The rust of copper, &c.; verdigris. Aery-light, ay'i^-e-lite,a. In MiltOn, light as air; used for airy light. .aiscHYNiTE, es'-ke-nite, s. A black or dark brownish yellow ore, from the Ural Mountains, containing tita¬ nium, zirconium, and cerium. .Esthetic, es-theif-ik, a. Pertaining to the perception of the beautiful. See Esthetic. iEsTiiETics,es-f/te^'-i^s,s.pl. The science wldch treats of the beautiful, or of the theory and philosophy of taste. JEstival, es^^te-val, a. See Estival. JEstivation, es-te-va'-shun, s. See Estivation. Aetueogamous, a-e-the-og'-d-inus, a. The same as cryp- togamic. jETiiRioscoPE,6f/i^-r6-o-sAop^,s. An instrument for mea¬ suring the relative degrees of cold produced by the pulsations from a clear sky. .35tiolooy, e-te-oV-o-je, s. The science of the causes oi diseases. See Etiology. .^tites, 8. Eagle-Stone' which see. Afar, d-far', ad. At a distance in place, to or from a great distance. In Scripture, figuratively, estranged in affection; alienated; absent; not assisting; not oi the visible church. Afe.ard, a-feerd', a. Afraid ; affected with fear Afer, a’-fer, s. The south-west wind. Affa, af'-fd. s. A weight used on the Guiiiea coast, equal to an ounce. Affability, af-fd-bil'-e-te. s. The quality of being affa ble; courteousnoss ; easiness of niannei*s ; readiness to converse; urbanity; complaisance; condescension. Affable, af-fd-hl, a. Of easy mannei-s; courteous ; civil; complaisant accessible; mild; benign; condescending. Affableness, s. Courtesy; affability. Affably, a/-/A-ad. In an affable manner; courte ously; invitingly. Affabrous,^ af-fh-brus, a. Skilfully made; complete highly finished. , ^ Affabulation, af-fab-yu-la'-shun, s. The moral of a fable. . , , , . , - Affair, af-fare', s. Business of any kind; that w.hich is done, or is to be done ; matter; concern; dispute ; a duel; a partial engagement between troops. In the plural, transactions in general; matters; state; con¬ dition of business or concerns; public concerns and their management. Affamish,$ af-fam'-ish, v.a. To staiwe. Affamishmbnt4 af-fam'-ish-ment,%. Starvation. Affear,^ v.a. To frighten. Affect, af-fektf, v.a. To act upon ; to produce an effect or change upon ; to excite the feelings; to move the passions ; to influence; to concern; to aim at or aspire to ; to be fond of; to love; to attempt to imitate in a manner not natural; to pretend ; to make a show of; to tend to by natural attiiiity or disposition. Affectation, af-fek-ta*-shun, s. The act or quality of assuming or exhibiting what is not natural or real; false pretence; artificial appearance or show; con¬ ceit; arrogance; ^fondness; affection. AffecteDj af-fekif-ed, pp. of the verb to affect. ■— a. Inclined or disposed ; grieved ; distressed ; sorry , conceited; arrogant; given to false show; full of affectation; assumed; not natural; studied with over¬ much care. In algebra, an affected equation, is oiu which contains different powers of the unlinov u quantity. An affected quadratic equation, is one whicli contains the unknown qucuitity and its square. A.x'Y'ECTiiDhr,af-fekf-ed-le, ad. In an affected manner; hypocritically; conceitedly; unnaturally. Affectednes^ af-fekf -ed-nes, s. The quality of being affected; affectation. Affkcter, 1 Affbctor, j ^ f f s. One who affects ; one who aj-jeKt-er, j practises affectation. ' The state of belns Afft'Ctibility, af-fekt-e-bil' e-te, affectible. ^ ^ a. j Affectibls, af'fskf $ hi, a ThJit may be affected. AFPEOTINO [ 22 ] AFFRICtHTMEET Affbcwkq^, af-fekV-ing, pp. of the verb to alTeet. to excite or move ttie passions, tending to move the,affections; pathetic. Apfectinolt, af-fektf -ing-le, ad. In an affecting man- Her , in a manner to excite emotions, no -shun, 8. t The state of being affected; m^n*.°** ^ 1 good-will; love ; zealous attach¬ ment, tenderness; kmdness ; fondness ; desire ; in- ptfpehsity, good or evil; an attribute, Pt property, which is inseparable from its nllni*’ i*’ ’'"PP ‘‘‘■P of the Sid sme'o'f 'thrSd ^ a. FuU of affection; ?•’ *P™K.. devoted; zealous; proceeding irora affecuon , indacatmg love ^ benevolent: tender; t strongly inclined to, wannly attached. ^fonmyrt*erdelf;{Sy“"‘“^'"'^’“‘'- ®- Disposed; haying an affection of heart; ± affected, conceited. A 'i^-dd. Ill an affecting manner. tfon! 8m^ttd“-Vo1ffS '^prS'vVmannCT*'''"'''- *“• ^ ™ Ajffector. See Affecter. AFFFr^Mm?\’ 8 . Passionateness. AFFtcTuocB, t af-Jeke-yu-us, a. Full of passion. A.FFKER, aj~feei’*,y.&. f To confirm. In iaic, to assess or reduce an arbitrary penalty or amercement to a pre- oi«'t»ostances of the casm Affecrki), a/-/eerd , pp. of the verb to aWeer Affeerer, 1 j s. ong a%eer8, a i aJJerJr'^' 1 S appointed in courts Ice., u-c, vf ■ , , . ' i® assess or redoice a penalty. Affeermxnt, a^/eer’-ment, s. The act of affeoring ^ AFFETTDoso,or Cox i^it fno.aj-fet-too-o'-so,kun aflfet-to, a s^fi „„rf .wL “ ‘i^PPDon to render certain notes in a son and affecting manner. 8- A marriage contract; faith ticfmn^ ' d^Poo'giiy i“ God's promises and pro¬ tection , confidence; sincere reliance. ^ 1 betroth ; to bind any one by nromise to mnmr another, to ^ive confidence. ^ P^ounse to marry AFpJ^NrJJ’ PP- the verb to affiance. Af^ancer, af-n -ana-er, s. One who makes a contract of murriage oetween two persons. Affiche, ay./etfsA' 8. A placard. Aff ! 8. Mutual contract; mu- ArrintJ-,, I iddi oath of fidelity. declmn'uofifw"?irg.“sw^rift‘'^b?f“^^^ AFF;m;tt//dV,5Pa.“To pis'" v.a. To adopt; to receive into a !* *’e^eive into a society as a member ^ o“f ^''.;=huX»t°aj.d*,“^ii^- fa^;'r’ ®' Ti’a act of reflning metals. Affined.J R/-/ind, a. Johied by affinity; related -e-ie, 8 . Relation by marriage in con- 11 adislinction from consanguiniti/ or relation bv blood ■ agreement; confoniiity; reseuiblance; eo^eetl.n In’ cAsm Uie tendency which the heterogeneous Articles of bodies have to combine with eacirother and form new compounds, and the power w'hich causes them to “ ““»ination; it is also teS^/lei^S ^7o;Sen{^rr^'’dec^rJ?hre1?st^^^^^^^^ -T.m' To''dccl™e';olenmiy‘!^‘“‘'’ ^ ” ’ Affiumable, af-/erm’-u-u a. That may be affirmed "RM:;.r,at?o;’ ad. m a VarS;L‘£?e Of aj-ferm'-ant,%. One who affirms. &.FFiRMATioN,a/-/erm-a'-s/iM?i,s. The act of aifiriTiiT»a ^sc^ing as true, that whiLh is aLmed ^Z,?n" cpii^auon, ratification. In iaie, a solenm SL?a.’ ^n, made under the penalties of perjury by one who couacieuUously declines liaising an oa4.' ^ “ Affirmatitb, af-ferm a. That affirms or asserts declaratory of what exists; that can or may be afflamed confirmative; ratifying; positive; $ dogmatic, — 8. That which contains an affirmation. AffirmAT ivELT, af-ferm'-d-tiv-lty In an affirmative manner; positivelv; on the affii-matlve side. Affirmed, af-fermd, pp. of the verb to affirm. Affirmer, af-ferm'-er, s. One who affirms. Affix, af-fixfy v.a. To unite at the end, or add at the close i to subjoin; to annex; to attach, unite, or con¬ nect with; to fix or fasten in any manner. Affix, af~iix, e. A syllable or letter added to the end of a word. Affixed, af-fixf, pp. of the verb to affix. AFFixioNjt a/-yixr-shun, s. The act of uniting ai the end, or state of being so united. Affixture, af-fix'-tynr, s. That which is affixed Afflation, a^'fia'-shnUy s. The act of breathing upon. Afflatus, affjla'~ttis, s. A breatli or blast of wind ; in- ^iration; conimunuxition of the power of propheev. In pathology^ a species of erysipelas. Afflict, v.a. To pain ; to grieve ; to trouble, to hara.ss ; to torment; to distress. Afflicted, af-fliU’-ed, pp. of the verb to afflict. Stricken wdth some calamity of mind or body * full of grief; sorrowful, unhappy. -ed-nes, s. The state of being afflicted ; sorrow-fulness , grief. Afflicter, (ff‘ffiht-ery^. One who afflicts. Afflicting, a)-JiikV-ing^ ppr. of the verb to afflict. ~~ a. Grievous; distressing. AF^LlCTINoLv,rty-^^^^'-i7^^-Ze ad. In an afflicting manner. Affliction, s. The state of being afflicted a state of pain, distress, or grief, tlie cau.se of pain or sorrow ; calamity ; adversity , wreichedne.ss. Afflictive, af-JUkf-iy, a. Causing pain or grief; pain- ful; tormenting, distressing, calamitous; oppj-essive. Afflictiveli, a^/za^'-iu-Zg, ad. Painfully. Affluence, | s. A flowing to, concourse Affluenct, ^'yZw-cn-se, j riches, plenty; abundance Affluent, ay -ffu-ent,Qi. Flowing to; w'ealthy; abound¬ ing in goods or riches, abundant. Affluently, af’-Jlu-ent-le, ad. In an affluent manner, in abundance. ' Afflux, aff -flux. is. The act of flowing to ; a fiOAvs^to” ’ flowing to, or that which a/'-/or-cye, s. In France, a certain duty paid ^ district, for permission to sell wine within his seigniory. Afforcement t af-Joars‘-ment, s. In oldcharters, a fort¬ ress; a foilLncation for defence. Afford, a/-/oard', v.a. To yield or produce; to grant ^ confer; to be able to grant or sell with profit or ^e's^estate^ expend without injury tc AFFORDjaiNTi afffoard'-nient, s. Grant, donation ApoRBST, af-Jor'-est.y. 0 .. To convert ground into forest. Afforestation, af-for-est-a'-ahun, s. The act of con¬ verting ground into forest or w'ood-land Affranchise, afl/ran'-tshiz. v.a. To make free. Affranchisement^ af-jran-tshiz-nient, s. The act oi making free, or Liberating. Affeap,! a/-/,ap', v.a. aud n. To strike ; to euconiUe/ Affrat,J ^-/ra , v.a. To fi-ight; to terrify. Affray, a/-/ro'. ; s. The fighting of two or AFFRAYMENT.t a/-fra -ment, ( more pei-sons in ,r public place, to the terror of others ; a quarrel; a fight; an encounter; tumult; disturbance. feui., un '’A- To hire a chip for the trans- portation of goods or freight. Affreighter, af-Zra^/r-er, s. Tlie person who liires or chartej-s a ship or other vessel to convey goods. Affreightment, nf-fraytf-mmt, s. The a« of hiring a Ship for the transportation of goods. Affret4 af-fref . s. A furiou.s onset or attack. Affriction4 2', v.a. To pour upon; to sprinkle with a liquid. Affi'sexi, af-fewzd’, pp. of the verb to afftise. Affusion, af-few'~zhun, s. The act of pouring upon, or sprinkling with a liquid substance. Afft,! nf-fi', v.a. To betroth; to bind or join; to trust or confide in. Afield, d-feeld', ad. To the field ; in the field. Afire, d-Jire'. ad. On fire Aflat, d-Jlar, ad. Level with the ground. Afloat, d-Jloat’, ad. or a. Borne on the water; floatmg; swimming. Figuratively, moYuig; ■, passing from place to place ; unfixed ; moving without guide or control. Afoot, d-jdbt, ad. On foot ; borne by the feet; in ac¬ tion i in a state of being planned for execution. Afore, a-/ore', ad. or prep. In front; between one ob¬ ject and another, so as to intercept a direct view or intercourse ; sooner in time; nearer in place; before ; prior, or superior to; in the presence of; in the fore¬ part ; rather than. In naxi. lang., towards the head of the ship; further forward, or nearer the stem. Afore the mast is applied to a common sailor, or one who does duty on the main-deck, or has no command or office on board the ship. Aforegoing, d-/ore'-jio-tng', a. Going before. Aforehand, d-/ore'-Aand, ad. In time previous; bypre- vious provision. —a. Prepared; previously proviaed. Aforementioned, d-fore^-men-shunct, a. Mentioned be¬ fore in the same wTiting or discourse. Aforenamed, d-foref-naymd, a. Named before. Aforesaid^ d-fore'-sed, a. Said or recited before, or in a preceding part. Aforethought, d-fore'-thawt, a. Premeditated; pre¬ pense, as, malice aforethought Aforetime, d~for(^-time, ad. In time past • in a former time. A fortiori, a-/or-sAe-o'-rt, (Lat.) 'With stronger reason. Afoul, d-foxvu, ad. or a. Entangled ; not free. Afraid, d-frayd\ a. Impressed with fear; apprehen¬ sive ; terrified; fearful; timid. Afresh, d-fresh', ad. Anew; again ; recently; after in¬ termission. Africa, af-re-kd, s. One of the four quarters or largest divisions of the globe; a continent separated from Europe by the Mediterranean Sea. Ifric, af-rik, s. Africa. — a. African. African, af-re-kan, s. A native of Africa. — a. Pertaining to Africa. AFRONT,ft-/n£ni', ad. In front; immediately opposite to. Aft^ aft, a. or ad. In xiaxi. lang., applied to what per¬ tains to the stern of a ship ; towards the stem. Fore and aft is the ivhole length of a ship. Right aft means In a direct line with the stem. After, aft'-er, a. Later in time ; subsequent; succeed¬ ing; futui’e. In nau. lang., more, aft, or towards the stem of the ship, as, the after sails. ^ prep. Following in place ; later in time ; behind ; in pursuit of; in search of; m imitation of; according to; according to the direction and influence of; for, or concerning ; as to the state or condition of. — ad. Posterior; later; in succeeding time. After-acceptation, ciyir-er-aft-sep-ia'-sMm, s. A sense not at firet admitted. After-ages, djf-er-a'-jez, s.pl. Later ages; succeeding times; posterity. After-all, ii/i'-gr-au'Z,ad. At last; in fine ; in conclu¬ sion; when all has been considered, said, or done. AFTBa-BANDja/f-gr-Aand.s. Afuture link or connection. After -birth, s* In midxvifery ,the placenta. or secundines. In which the ftuius Is involved, and which comes away after delivery. After-clap, d^-er-klap, s. An unexpected ard di» agreeable subsequent event. {Inelegant.) After-comer, dft'-er-kum’-er, s. A successor. After-cost, Uft'-er-kost, s. The expense incurred alter the execution of the original plan or main desigr:. After-crop, ‘dft'-er-krop, s. The second crop in the same year. After-days, dftf-er-days, s.pl. Future days. After-eatage, dff-er-eet’-aje, s. Part oi the Increase of the same year. [Local.) After-endeavour, dft'-er-en-dei^-ur, s. A second en¬ deavour or effort. After-eye, ; dft'-er-i, v.a. To k^ep one in view. After-game, dfV-er-game,9>. Methods taken after the first turn of affairs; an expedient. After-guard, dft’-er-gard, s. In the navy, the seamen who are stationed on the poop and quarter-deck ol vessels, to attend and work the after-sails. After-hope, dff-er-hope, s. Future hope. After-hours, dftf-er-oivrz, s.pl. Hours that follow; houi’s succeeding those usually devoted to business. After-ings, dft' er-ingz, s.pl. The last mUk that can be drawn from a cow in milking ; strokings. After-life, dft'-er-iife, s. Future life, or the life after this ; a later pei’iod of life ; subsequent life. After-LIVER, dft'-er-Uv'-er, s. One who lives in suc¬ ceeding times. After-love, dff-er-hiv, s The second or later love. After-math, dff -er-math, s. A second crop of grass in the same season. After-most, dff-er-moast, a. superl. Hindmost; last; opposed to foremost. In 7iau. lang., nearest the stern. Afternoon, dft'-er-nooJi, s. The part of the day which follows noon, between noon and evening. After-pains, dfV-er-paynz, s.pl. The pains which suc¬ ceed childbirth. After-part, dfif-er-part, s. The latter part. In nau. lang., the part of a ship towards the stern. After-piece, A farce, or any other smaller entertainment, performed after a play. After-jroof, dft-er-proof, s. Subsequent proof or evi¬ dence ; qualities knowa by subsequent expcn-mce. ArTER-SAiLs,a/f'-er-«ay/s,8.pl. The sails on the mizzen¬ mast and stays, between fne main and mizzen masts. After-state, aff-er-state, s. The future state. After-swarm^ «/f'-er-5tcorrn, 8. Aswann of bees which leaves the hive after the first. After-taste, dfif-er-tayst,%. The taste wliich remains on the palate after eating or di'inking. After-thought, dft'-er-thawt, s. Reflections after an act; later thought, or expedient occurring too late. After-times, a/r-«r-\ amazed; struck silent with hoiror. Aqastria, 1 s.pl. A class of marine animals, Aoastrics, tt-grafi'-inTs,) supposed to be destitute of intestines. Agate, $ d-gat(f, ad. On the way; going. Agate, rri 7 '-ei,s. A class of semi-pellucid gems, of many varieties and colours, the basis of which is chalcedony blended with variable proportions of jasper, amethyst quartz, opal, heliotrope, cornelian, and jade. They are found in rocks, in the fonn of fragments, in no¬ dules, and in small rounded lumps. When cut and polished, they present an appearance of waving lines and when these are accurately parallel the stone is tenned rxbbon agate; when they take the fonn of mosses, ferns, &c., it is called Mocha stone; and when the Imes are zigzag, as in the Scotch pebble, it is termed fortification agate. Agates are the least valu¬ able of the precious stones ; but are used for rings seals cups, beads, boxes, and handles of small utensils — Agate is also the name of an instrument used by gold- wire-drawei*s; so called from the agate in the nuddle of It, through which the wire is drawm. Aoatiferous, ag-d-lif'-e-rusy a. Applied to rocks con¬ taining agates. Agatine, ag'-d-txn, a. Pertaining to agate ; of the nhture of ap.te. — s. A genus of shells, ovaioroblon® &.aATizED, ag -d-tize(l,Vi. Having the coloured lines and figures of agate, as agatized wood, which is a species of hornstone, produced by the petrifaction of wood. A.OATT, ag'-d-te, a. Of the natui-e of agate. Agave, d-ga'-ve, s. The American aloe. Aoaze, d-gaze'y v.a. To strike with amazement. Aoazed, d-gayzd'y pp. Struck with amazement. Age, age, s. The whole duration of a being, whether aimnal, vegetable, or other kind; that part of the du- raUon of a being wliich is between its beginnui" and any given time ; the latter part of life; long continued duration; oldness; a certain period of human life marked by a difference of state; mature years; ripe¬ ness of strength or discretion ; the timeoflife for con¬ ceiving children; a particular period of time, real or imaginary, as distinguished from others, the people who live at a particular period ; a generation and a succession of generations ; a hundred years ; the period at which the laws of a country permit a young person to manage his own affairs, usually fixed at the altain- ment of twenty-one years. Aged, a'-jed, a. Old; having Lived almost the usual time allotted to being, as an animal or plant; having a certain ^e ; stricken in years. — s. Old persons. AGEDLY,a'-j'e3-le,ad. After the manner of an aged person. Agedoite, adf-c'-do-ite, s. See Asparagin. Aden, d-gen', for agairi, is obsolete. Agency, a'-j>w-se,s. The quality of moving or of exert¬ ing power; the state of being in action; opci’ation ; instrumentality; management of another’s affaks; the office, business, or duties of an agent or factor. Ag-esd, adf-end, is. Matter relating to the service Agendum, I of the Church. Agenda, d-jen'-dd, s.pl. Things to be done. — s.sing. A memorandum-book in which agenda are noted down; the service or office of a church; a ritual or litui-gy. ^ Agenesia, rt-jc-ne'-fiArt,8. Impotence ; sterility; imper¬ fect development of the parts of generation. Agent,- t a'-jent, a. Acting upon ; active. — s. An actor ; he or that which exerts pow'er, or pro¬ duces an effect; the means or instrument whereby anything is effected or obtained; a substitute; a deputy; a factor; one iiitiaisted with the business of another ; an attorney ; a ininister. Agentship, a' -jent-ship, s. The office of an agent. Agerasia, a-ic-ra'-sM, ^_ „ . Agerast, d-je -rd-se, j immatui'e old age. Ageustia, d-guse'-te-dy s. A defect or loss of taste: a symptom of many diseases. AggelatioNjJ ad-je-la'-shun. s. A concretion of ice. AGGENERATioN4arf-jen-tfr-aThe state cf grow ing to another. Agger,? ad'-jer,%. A fortress or mound. Aogerate,^ ad-Jer-ate'y v.a. To heap. AGGERATioN,arf-^er-o'-s/itm,s. A heaping; accumulation. AggerosEjJ ad-jer-ose'y a. In heaps; full of heaps. Agglomerate, ag-glom'-er-ate, v.a. To wind, or collect into a ball; to gather into a mass. — v.n. To gather, grow, or collect into a ball or mass. Agglomeration, a^-^/om-cr-a'-sAtm,s. The act of wind ing into aball; the state of being gathered into a mass, a round heap; a confused mass of various materials heaped together. , ^ ____ parts wluch have too little adhe.sion. a. Uniting as glue; tending to cause adhesion. Agglutinate, ag-glu'-tin-aie, v.a. To unite, as witl glue; to unite by causing an adhesion of substances. Aqg lutination , s. The act of uniting by glue or other tenacious substance; tlie state of bcin^ thus united. In surgery, the natural process of ad¬ hesion in wounds. Agglutinative, og-ghC-tin-a-tiv, a. That tends to unite, or has pow'er to cause adhesion. Aqgrace,$ ag-grase', v.a. To favour. — s. Kindness ; favour. Aggrandizaele, ag-grand-ize'-d-blyix. That mavbe aj?- grandized. ^ Aggrandization, ag-grand-iz-a'-shun, s. The act oi aggrandizing. Aggrandize, ag'-grand-ize, v.a. To make great or greater in power, rank, or honour; to exalt; to en¬ large ; to increase ; to magnify. AGORANDizED,a(7'-^?Y/na^-tzn', ad. Ago; past; since. Agonism, ag'-o-nizm, s. Contention for a prize. Agonist, a^-o-nist, "j s. One who contends for the Agonister, ap'-o-nts'-fer, V prize in public games; a AooNisTE8,ap-o-7m'-^:Euy,d-ptT-Zfl-nu/,8. A form of rejoicing among the ancient Fianks on the first day of the year; de¬ rived from the Druidical custom of cutting misletoeon that day, and consecrating it by the cry of aguillaneu/, a new year to the misletoe.” This cry is said to be still used in some partsof France,as a form of demand¬ ing a new-year’s gift. AoursE,t v.a. To dress; to adorn. — s. Dress. Aguish, a'-gew-ish, a. Having the qualities of an ague, chilly; somewhat cold or shivering. Aguishness, o'8. The quality of being aguish Aodl, a'~gut, s. A shrub, a species of the Hedysarum. Ah, dh. An exclamation expressive of surprise, pity, complaint, contempt, dislike, joy, exultation, &c., ac¬ cording to the manner of utterance. Aha, d-hd'. An exclamation expressing triumph, con- tempt,or surprise; but the senses are distinguished by very different modes of utterance, and different modi- cations of features. — s. A sunk fence, not visible without near approach. It is also commonly written and called ha-ha. Ahaniger, d-hau'-e-jer, s. A name of the gar-fish. A-head, d-Acd', ad. Further in advance man another; in front; beyond ; onward; forward; headlong; with¬ out restraint; precipitantly. A-heiqht,J d-AtZe', ad. Aloft; on high. Ahiccyatli, d-hik-se-af-le, s. A poisonous serpent of Mexico, somewhat resembling the rattle-snake. A-HiGH,t d-hi', ad. On high. A-HOLD,i d-AoaZd', ad. Near the wind. Ahouai, d-hoo'-a, s. A poisonous species of plum. A-hoy, d-hoy, exclam. A sea term used in hailing Ahriman, d-re-man. See Ariman. A-hull, d-hul', ad. The situation of a ship when aU her sails are furled,and her helm lashed on the lee-side,on account of the violence of a storm ; she then lies nearly with her side to the wind and sea, her head being somewhat inclined in the direction of the wind. d-huny-gre, B.. Hungry. Ai, a -e, 8. The three-toed sloth: so named from its peculiar cry. Aia, d'-yd, s. A Brazilian bir d of the Spoon-bill kind. Aicokos, a-ku -rus, s. A large and beautiful species of parrot, found in Brazil. AiD,ayd,y.a. To help; to support; to succour; to relieve. — 8. Help; succour i support; assistance; the person or thing that aids or yields support; a helper; an aui^ary ; an aid-de-camp, so called by abbreviation in this name was formerly given to various kinds of subsidies and taxes.— Aid-prayer, in law.d. petition in court to call in the aid of another persor who has an interest in the thing contested.—Court of Aids, in trance, a court which had cognizance of all causes respecting duties or customs. AiDA>.'CE,t Gj/fZ'-ans, s. Aid; help; assistance. Aidant, $ ayd'-ant, a. Helping .helpful, supplying aid Aide-de-caj^, aycZ-cZe-fcowy, 8.; pi. Aides-de-camp. A ^itary officer attendant on a general to convey hia ordeK, &c. (This word is commonly, but incorrectly written a%d-de-camp.) ' Aidek, aydf-er, s. One who helps: an auxiliary opd'-lM, a. Helpless; without aid; unsup- ported ; undefended ; friendless. AIDS [ 27 ] AIRY s.pl. In horsemn 7 iship, cheriaiiings to avoid unnecessary punishment, as the heels, logs, and reins. AiGRBjt a'-gr, a. Sour. Aigrb, a'-ger, s. The impetuous flowing of the sea. AroHEMORE, a'-gre-more, s. A name given to charcoal, when in that state of preparation for the making of gunpowder which renders it fit for the admixture of the other constituent materials. ^loRET, \ n'ari>t ( -A. tuft, as of feathers, diamouds, Aigrette, j ^ ^ &c. in zooZ.,the name of a small white heron. In bot.. see Egret. (lIqi: iLLEfO-giveel',s. An instrument used by engineers to pierce a rock for the lodgment of gunpowder, in mining, &.(i.—Aig\iilleSy in geology, are tlie needle-like poincs or tops of granite rocks. AiGULtT, a'-gu-ZeZ, 8. A point or tag at the end of afringe. Aikraw, fli/A'-raic, s. The popular name of a species of liclien or moss. Ail,«!/Z, v a. To pain; to trouble; to affect with un¬ easiness, either of hody or mind. — v.n. To be sick or in pain ; to be in trouble. h.\h,-fayl, Is. Pain ; disease ; indisposition; Ailment, rtvZ'-mcnZ, j trouble; affliction. Ailing, ayl-ingfP'gr. ora. Sickly ; diseased; indisposed; full of complaints. AiLDRUS.a-Zw'-rMs, s. The panda, a carnivorous quad- niped inhabiting the north of India; it is allied to the racoon, about the size of a large cat, and has a soft, thick fur, of a brilliant fulvous red, on the upper parts. iMjrtyw, v.n. To point at with a missive weapon; to ' endeavour to strike ; to direct Ihe intention or pui^pose; to endeavour to reach,obtain, or accomplish; to tend towards; ± to guess. - v.a. To direct or point as a weapon ; to direct to a particular object. - s. The pointing or direction of a missile weapon; the direction of any thing to a particular point or ob¬ ject, with a view to strike or affect it; the point in¬ tended to be hit, or object intended to be affected; purpose; intention; design ;sclieme ;tconjectui’e, guess. Aimed, aymd, pp. of the verb to aim. Aimer, ay^n'-er, s. One who aims. Aimless, aym'-Zes. a. Without aim. Aimlessly, aym'-tes-le, ad. Without aim. Air, ayr, 8. That invisible, inodorous, and tasteless fluid which surrounds the earth. It is elastic, pos¬ sessed of gravity, easily moved, rarefied, and con¬ densed ; is essential to the support of animal and vegetable life; and constitutes what we commonly call the atmosphere. It was formerly considered an elementary body, but modem chemisti 7 shows it to be composed of oxygen and nitrogen, or azote.—An aeriform body; a gas ; air in motion ; a light breeze; scent; vapour; vent; utterance abroad; publicity; a tune; a short piece of music adapted to words ; a song or piece of poetry for singing; the melody or treble part of a musical composition; the peculiar modulation of the notes which gives music its cha¬ racter ; tlie leading part of a tune; any thing light or uncertain; the peculiar look, appearance,manner, or mien of a person; Jadvice, incelligence, information. In painting, that which expresses the life of action; manner; gesture; attitude. Airs, in the plural^ is used to denote an affected manner, show of pride, haughtiness ; also, in horsemanship, the artificial mo¬ tions or carriage of a trained horse .—To take air, to be made public. To take the air, to go abroad for an airing. — v.a. To expose to the air; to give access to the open air; to ventilate ; to expose to heat; to warm ; to dry by a fire; to expel dampness. Aira, ayr'-h, s. Hair-grass, a genus of plants. Air-balloon, ay)’'-bal-loo 7 i', s. Sec Balloon. Aie-balloonist, ayr'-bal-loon'-ist, s. One who makes or uses air-balloons. Air-bed, ayr'-bed, s. A bag of the size of a bed, divided into several compartments, rendered air-tight, and fitted with the necessary apparatus for retaining the air, or letting it out at pleasure, after having been in- fiated. Air-cushions and air-pillows are constructed on the same principle. ^is-BLADDER, ayr'-blad-der, 8. A vesicle or cuticle filled with air , the bladder of a fish containing air, by which it is enabled to regulate its depth in the water. Air-born, ayr'-feorw, a. Bom of the air. Ai»-borne, ayr'-boarn, a. Borne in or by the air. Air-bttilt, ayr'-6iZZ, a. Erected in the air; having no solid foundation; chimerical. ^;E-CELL8,ffyr'-sfrz,s.pl. In 6o^, cavities containing air in the leaves and stems of algo? , &c., which renaerthett buoyant in water. In birds, see Air-sacs. Air-condenser, ayr'-kon-dcTis'-er, s. An apparatus fo^ condensing air. It consists of a close vessel with a syringe attached to it. By means of the syringe air is injected into the vessel until the requisite degree of condensation is attained. Air-drain, ayr'-4rayn, s. A cavity formed round the external walls of a building to prevent the earth from lying against them and causing dampness. Air-drawn, ayr'-drawn, a. Drawn in air; imaginary. Aired, ayrd, pp. of the verb to air. Airer, ayr'-er, s. One who exposes to the air ; a stand for airing clothes. AiR-FLUEjrtyr'-j^w, s. A tube in which he^ed air is made to pass from a stove to heat various part^f a building. Air-fountain, ayr'-/ow;7iZ-e7i, s. A contrivance forpro- ducing a jet of water by the elastic force of air com pressed in a close vessel, and made to act on the sur¬ face of the water to be raised. Air-gun, ayr'-^im, 8. A pneumatic engine resembling a musket, so constructed as to propel a bullet with immense force by means of condensed air. Air-holder. ayr'-*oa/cZ-er,s. An instrument for holding air, for the purpose of counteracting the pressui'e of a decreasing column of mercury. Air-hole, ayr'-hoal, s. An opening to admit or dis¬ charge air. Airily , ayr'-e-le, ad. In an airy manner; merrily; briskly Airiness, ayri-e-nes, s. Exposure to the air; opeime*s» to the air; lightness; gayety ; liveliness. Airing, nyt^-ing, ppr. of the verb to oir. — 8. An exposure to the air, or to a fire,for wanning oi drying; a short walk or ride ; exercise in the open air. Air-jacket, ayri-Ja^-eZ, s. A jacket with air tight cavi¬ ties or cells, which, being inflated, will sustain a per¬ son in the water. Air-lamp, ayr'-lamp, s. A pneumatic machine, fonned by the combination of inflammable air and electricity, which, by turning a stop-cock, produces a flume that may be restrained or continued at pleasure. Airless, ayi''-les, a. Not open to a h’ee current of air, wanting fresh air, or communication with the open air. Airling, ay'/-ling, s. A voung, thoughtless, gay person. Air-motive E'SGi'SE,ayi^-mo-tiv e7i'-jin,s. Same as Air- pressure ENGINE, q.v. Air-pipe, ay/-pipe, s. A pipe used to draw off foul air Air-plant, ay/-plant, 6. See Aerial plants. Air-poise, ayr'-poyz, s. An instrument for ascertaining the weight of the air. Air-pressure engine, ay/-presh-ur e^i'-jin, s. An engine in which the pressure of air of different densi¬ ties is employed as the motive power. Air Tv.yi 7 , ayr-pump, s. A pneumatic machine for ex¬ hausting the air from a pi’oper vessel, and thereby producing what is called a vacuum. AiEL-skcs, ay/-sdksj s.pl. In birds, are certain recepta cles of air, or vesicles lodged in the fleshy paits, in the hollow bones, and in the abdomen, which aU com¬ municate with the lungs. They are supposed to be foi the purpose of rendering the body specifically lighten and to supply the place of a muscular diaphragm. Air-shaft, ayr-shaft, s. Apassage for air into a mine, &c Air-stove, ayri-sZove^ s. A stove for heating a current of air directed against its surface by means of pipes, and which heated air is then admitted into such apart¬ ments as require warming. Air-thermometer, ay/-ther-mom'-e-ter, s. A thenno- meter in which air is employed as a substitute for mercury and spirit of wine. Air-thread, ayr'-thred, s. A name given to the spider’s webs which are often seen floating in the air. Air-threatening, ay/-thret-n-ing, a. Threatening the air; lofty. Air-tight, ay/-tite, a. Impermeable to air. Air-trap, ay/-trap, s. A contrivance for the escape of foul air from drains, sewei's, &c. Air-trunk, ay/-trunk, s. A contrivance to prevent the stagnation of putrid effluvia in gaols or apartmenta where many people are collected. It is a square open tube, passing from the ceiling to the open air above the roof, by wliich the heated or foul air escapes. Air-vessel, ay/-vessel, s. A spiral duct in plants con¬ taining air, and supposed to be analogous to the lungi in animals. In i7is*’cZs,atube by which air is conveyed thrv;ugh the body for respiration. Airy, ay/-e, a. Consisting of air; relating or belonging to air; high in air; open to a free current of air ; light AIRY t 2S 1 ALBIIO 118 air; resembling air; thin ; unsubstantial, without solidity; without reality; vain ; trilling; gay; sprlghtlf; full of vivacity and levity ; light of bean ; lively. A.IRY, s. The nest of a hawk or eagle : see Aeuie. &.ISCHTNITB, 8. See ^schynite. Aisle, 1 .. | s. The wing of a building, usually ap- Aile, j I plied to the side portions of a church, which are separated from the central part, called the nave and choir, by pillars or piers. Aisled, lid, a. Furnished with aisles. Ait, ayt, s A small island in a river or lake. liTCH-BONE. aytsh'-bonfiy s. That part of an ox which is cut from between the rump and the buttock. It is variously called and svrittcn Edge-honCf H-hone, and Iiaunch~bom. Aitiologt, a-te-oV-o-je, s. See JEtiologt. Aizoon, a-zo'-on, s. A genus of exotic plants. Aizoum, a-zo'-um, s. An aquatic plant. Ajar, d-ja/. ad. Partly open, as a door. Ajava, d-ja-vCiy 6. The seed of a plant brought from Malabar, said to be an excellent carminative. Ajuga, d-ju-gd, s. Bugle, a genus of labiate plants. AJUKc-CATINOA,d-JM'-nt-A•d-^mgr'-( 7 d, "i s. The names of Ajurd-curau, d-jii'-ru-kxi'~ro, ' three species of AjuRu-PARA,d-j''u'-ru-pd'-rd, j American parrots. Ajutage, adf-yu-teye, 8. See Adjutage. Ake. SeeAcHB. Akee, a-ke', s. The fruit of the Cupania AheesiOj a tree which grows in Guiana and the West Indies. Aker-staff, a'-ker-stdf, s. In husbandry, an instiaiment for clearing the coulter of the plough. Akin, d-kin', s. Related by blood; allied by nature; partaking of the same properties. Al. a prefix to many words of Arabic origin, is equi¬ valent to Uie. Its use is to render nouns definite, as, alkoran, the koran, or the book, by eminence.— Al, in English compounds, is sometimes a contraction of the Saxon (cthel, noble, or illustrious; but more generally it is a contraction of the German aid, or alt, old, as in alderman, Aldoorough, &c. Ala, a'-Id, s. (I^at.) A wing: see Kxx, the plural. Alabaster, (u'-d-oas-ter, s. A kind of soft marble, or compact variety of sulphate of lime or gypsum, of fine texture, and usually wliite or semi-pellucid, but sometimes yellow, red, or grey. It is extensively used in the manufacture of small busts, ornamental vases, bottles, &c.—Among the ancients, a vessel in which odoriferous liquoi*s were kept, so called from the stone of which it was made. Also, a measure, containing ten ounces of wine, or nine of oil. - a. Made of alabaster. Aiabastrian, al-d-ha^-tre-an, a. Pertaining to, or like alabaster. Alabastrite, al-d‘bas'-trite, s. A vase, box, or other vessel, used by the ancient Greeks and Romans for holding perfumes. It was usually made of alabaster, but frequently of other materials, as lead, gold, co¬ loured glass, terra-cotta, &c. They appear often as ornaments on tombstones. Alabastri s, al-d-bas'~trus, s. A flower bud. Alack, d-lak', exclam. Alas, an expression of sorrow. Alack-a-day, d-lak'-d-da. An exclamation denoting regret or sorrow ; alas the day ! ALACRious,t d-lak'-re-us, a. Cheerful. ALACRiousLTj-j- d-lak'-vc-us-lc, ad. Cheerfully , with alacrity. ALs.cRiovsy-BsSt'Yd-lak'-re-us-ncs,^. Briskness;liveliness. alacrity, d-lak'-re-te, s. Cheerful readiness or prompt¬ itude to do some act; briskness; despatch ; cheerfulness. Aladinists, d-lad'-in-ists, s.pl. Free thinkers among the Mohammedans. Aue, s.pl. (Lat.) In the side petals of a papi¬ lionaceous blossom, or membranes added to a seed, stalk, &c. In anat., ala or ala, is applied to many parts, as, ala auris, the upper and outer part of the ex- tenial ear, a/tsnast, the lateral cartilagesof the nose,&c. A la Grecqce, \ '* Grec, Alalite, al'‘d-l'ite, s d-ld-grek' In In arch., one of the va¬ rieties of fret ornament. min., a crystallized, bright green variety of pyroxene or augite, otherwise called diopside ; thus named from the village of Ala, in Pied¬ mont, near which it was fii'st discovered. Alamire, d-ld-me'-ra, s. The lowest note but one in Guido Aretine’s scale of music. Ar.AMouALiTYjt s. Conformity to the prevailing mode or fashion of the times. 4.l\mode, d-lA-modain, a judge, or more com¬ monly the chief magistrate of a city or town; several minor civil officers are also thus styled. Alcanna, al-kan'-nd, s. An Egyptian plant, used in dyeing: Henna. Alcantara, al-kan-tH'-rA (Knights of). Ainllitary and religious order of Spain, instituted in the 12th cen¬ tury, and thus called from a city of that name in the prorince of Eatromadura. Alcavala, ffA-kd-vd’-lA, s. In Spain,a tax formerly levied on every transfer of property, real or personal. Alcedo, al-se'-do, s. The king-fisher ; a genus of tenul- rostral birds, pertaining to the familv Halcyonida. They live on the banks of rivers, and feed on fish. The A. ispida, the only species indigenous in our is¬ land, is the most brilliant of British birds. Alchemic, al-kem'-ik, ) a. Relating to alchemy, or Alchemical, al-keni'-ik-al, j produced by it. Alchemicaxly, al-kem'-ik-al-le, ad. in the manner o alchemy. Alchemist, aV-ke-mist, s. One who practises alchemy. Alchemistic, | a. Practising alche Alchemistical^ al-ke-misif-ik-al , j my, or relating to it. Alchemize, aZ'-Ae-mtze, v.a. To transmute; to practise alchemy. Alchemy, aV-ke-me, 8 . A pretended science, which had for its object the transmutation of the baser metals into gold and silver, the discovery of a panacea or uni¬ versal remedy for diseases, of an alkahest or univer¬ sal solvent, and of many other things equally absurd. Though now held in contempt, tins science was in high repute and much cultivated from the 13th to the 17th century, and to its adepts we are indebted for many important discoveries in chemistry.—The name of a mixed metal, formerly used for utensils. Alchymy, Alchymical, &c. See Alchemy, &c. Alcicorn, al'-se-korn, a. Like an elk’s horn. Alcmanian, alk-ma'-ne-an, a. Pertaining to Aleman, a lyric poet, of the 27th Olympiad, celebrated for his amorous verses. The Alcmanian verse consists of two dactyls and two trochees. Alco, aV-ko, 8 . An American animal of the dog kind. It is mute and melancholy, a circumstance which gave rise to the fable, that dogs transported to America became mute. The animal M'as used foi food by the Indians and the first Spanish settlers, but it is said to be now extinct. Alcoate, al'-ko-ate, s. See Alcoholate. Alcohol, al'-ko-hol, s. Formerly, the substance of any body reduced to an impalpable powder. In present use, pure or highly rectified spii’it, obtained from fer¬ mented liquors by distillation. It is the intoxicating rincipie of all vinous and spirituous liquors, as wine, eer, orandy, whisky, &c.; but, as it was first pro¬ cured from wine, it retains in commerce the name of spirit of wine. When pure, it consists of 3 equivalents of hydrogen, 2 of carbon, and 1 of oxygen. Alcoholate, aV-ko-hol-ate, s. A salt, in which alcohol seems to replace the water of crystallization. Alcoholic, al-ko-hoV-ik, a. Pertaining to alcohol, or partaking of its properties. Alcoholization , al-ko-hol-e-za'-shun, s. The act of rec¬ tifying spirit till it is wholly freed from mixture, or of reducing a substance to an impalpable powder. Alcoholize, aV-ko-hol-ize, v.a. 'To convert into alcohol, to rectify spirit till it is wholly dephlegmatcd, also, to reduce a substance to an impalpable powder. Alcoholmeter, aZ-A:o-/Io^-me-^er s. An instrumenl Alcoholometer, al-ko-hol-om'-e-ter, v for ascertaininj} Alcoholimeter, al-ko-hol-im'-e-ter, } the amount of ab¬ solute alcohol in any given quantity of alcoholic fluid. Alcor, al'-kor, s. A small star in the tail of Ursa Major. Alcoran, aV-ko-ran, s. See Alkoran and Koran. aU-kove, or al-kov^yS. A recess in a room, in¬ tended for a bed; a recess in any apartment, as in a library ; an arbour, or covered building In a garden. Alcton, aV-sc-on, s. The trivial name of a species of king-fisher. See Alcedo and Halcyon. Alcyone, al-se-o'-ne, s. A bright star in the constella¬ tion Pleiades. Alcyone.®, al-se-o'-ne-e, s.pl. A family of zoophytes, similar in form and character, but more distinctly allied to animal life than the sponges. Alcyonic, al-se-on'-iky a. Pertaining to the alcyo 7 ice mass are lodged in small cells, divided from each other by thin partitions. Aldebaran, ai-d<;-6a'-»'an, s. A star of the fli^i mairtn- tude iu the constellation Taurus; popularly callctl the Bull’s eve. Aldeiiyd, Is. A colourless, limpid, and Aldehyde aV-de hide, j very volatile liquid of pc- ALDEHYDIO [ 30 ] ALQID r.liaT, euS'ocatlng odour. It is the product of the oxidation of alcohol and ether, and vrhcn exposed to the air or oxyiren it is converted iato acetic acid. Aldehydic, al-de-hid'-ikyti.. Containing aldehyde.— Al- dehydic acid is formed by heating an aqueous solution of aldehyde with oxide of silver. Its salts are tenned aldchydates. Alder, aivl'-der, s. A tree belonging to the genus alnus. It usually grows in moist or boggy places. Alder, awl'~der, s. The ancient genitive plui'al of the Saxon eal, all. It was formerly prefixed to adjectives in the superlative ; as, alder-first^ first of all. Alderliefest4 awl-der-leef-esty a. Most dear; most beloved. Alderman, aivV-der-man, s. Among our Saxon ances¬ tors, alderman, or ealdennayi, signifying a senior or superior, was a title given to all governors of pro¬ vinces, senators, presiding magistrates, and bishops, in allusion to the matured experience and superior wisdom wliich led to their being selected to discharge such high trusts; ahd it constituted the second rank of Saxon nobility, being inferior to atheling, but su-. perior to thane. From this title has come to us that of earl, evidently a corruption of ealderman, which was substituted by the Danes, upon their settling in England. In present usage, an caderman is a magis¬ trate or officer of a town corporate, next in rank below the mayor. Aldermanitt,^ awl-der-man'-e-te,^. The behaviour and manners of an alderman; the society of aldennen. Aldrrmanlike, awV-der-mnn-like, a. Like an aldennan. Aldermanlt, awV-der-man-le, a. Pertaining to, or like an alderman. Aldern, awV-dern, a. Made of alder. Aldinb editions, aV-din e-dish'-unz, s.pl. An euithet applied to editions of the classics, printed witli‘great care, by the family of Aldus Manutius. the tlrst of whom established his press at Venice about 1500. ALE,fl^e,8. A liquor made from an infusion of malt by fer¬ mentation, and chiefly differing from beer in having a smaller proportion of hops; a merry meeting in Eng¬ lish country places, so called from the liquor drank. Alb-bench, ale'-hensn, s. A bench in or before an ale¬ house. Ale-berry, al^-ber-re, s. A beverage made by boiling ale with spice, sugar, and sops of bread. Ale-brewer, s. One whose occupation is to brew ale. Alb-conner, rtZe'-/con-n«r,s. An officer in London, whose business is to inspect the measures used in public- houses, to prevent frauds in selling liquors. Ale-cost, ale'-kost, s. Costmary, an herbaceous plant. Alecto, &-lek'-to, s. In myth., one of the three furies. Alector, d-lek'-tor, s. The generic name of a large gal¬ linaceous bird of tropical America. Alectoria, d-lek-to'-re-d, s. Cockstone, a peculiar stone supposed by the ancients to be fomied in the stomach of the cock, and to which they attributed many vir¬ tues. In hot., a genus of lichens. Alectoromachy, Is. The spoit of Alectryomacht, d-lek-tre-om'-d-ke, ) cock-fighting. Alectoromanct, Is. An ancient Alectrtomanct, j mode o-f fore¬ telling events by means of a cock. The letters of the alphabet being deciphered at random on the ground, and a barley-corn placed on each, a cock was per¬ mitted to pick up the grains, and «ie words formed by Che letters under the grains, as selected by the bird, were taken to be the predicted result of tlie event in question. Alee, ad. In nati. lang., on the side opposite to the wind, that is, opposite to the side on winch it strikes. The helm of a ship is said to be alee when pressed close to the lee side. Alegar, al'-e-gnr, s. Sour ale; acid made of ale. Aleger,$ aV e-jer, a. Gay ; cheerful; sprightly. Alegge,$ d-tedf, v.a. To lighten ; to lessen ; to assuage. Ale-gill, ale'-gil, s. A kind of medicated liquor, pre- pared from the infusion of ground-ivy in malt liquor. Alb-hoof, s. Ground-ivy: so called because formerly used in making ale, instead of hops. ALE-aorsE, 8. A house where malt liquor is retailed; a public-house. Ale-knioht 4 : ale'-nite,s. A pot companion ; a tippler. Albmbdar, d-lemb'-dar, s. In Turkey, at. officer who carries the green standard of Magomet, when the Sultan appears in public. Alsmsic. &-Um' bik. s A chemical vessel, or rather the head of an apparatus, used In distillation: it is of glass, metal, or earthenware. Alembroth, d-lem'-broth, s. Salt of wisdom; a nanhi given by the alchemists to a compound of corrosive subUmate and sal ammoniac. Alength, A-irngri/t', nd. At full length ; along. Alepidote, d-lep'-e-dote, s. Any fish without scales. Alert, A-lerf, a. Watchful; vigilant; brisk; nimble; prompt; sprightly.— Upoji the alert, upon the watch. Alertness, 8. Briskness; promptness; nim¬ bleness; sprightliness; tlevity. Ale-shot, ale'-shot, s. A reckoning to be paid for ale. Ale-silver, ale'-sil-vcr,si. A duty paid to the lord mayor of London by the sellers of ale within the city. Ale-stake, ale’-stakc, s. A stake set as a sign before an ale-house. Alet, a’-let, s. The reruvian falcon. Ale-taster, ale'-tayst-er, s. An officer appointed, in fonner times, to inspect the quality and quantity of ale, beer, and bread, within the precincts of any par ticular lordship. Aletude, al’-e-tewd, s. Bulkiness; fatness; heaviness. Aleuromancy, al-yii'-ro-nian-se, s. An ancient mode oi divination by meal. Aleutian, A-ln'-shan, ) a. An epithet applied to certain Aleutic, A-lu'-tik, j isles in the Pacific Ocean east¬ ward of Kamtschatka, which form a chain connecting Asia with America. Ale-vat, ale'-vat, s. A vat in which ale is fennented. Alew,$ A-lew'y s. Shouting ; same as halloo. Ale-washed, ale'-wosht, a. Steeped or soaked in ale. Ale-wife, aZe'-MJt/e, s. A woman who keeps an ale-house. Al-e-wif-r, ale'-ivife, Is. An American fish, resembling Aloof, a'-/oo/, j the herring. Alexanders, rtLex-an'-dera, s. The name of a plant of the genus Smyrnium. Alexander’s foot, al-ex-an'-derz fdbt, s. The name of an herb. Alexandrian, al-ex-an'-dre-an, a. Pertaining to Alex andria. Alexandrine, al-ex-an'-drin, Is. A kind of verse, Alexandrian, al-ex-an'-dre-an, j consisting of twelve syllables, or of twelve and tlimteen alternately: so called from a poem, written in JL'rench, on tne life of Alexander the Great. Alexipharmic, A-lex-e-farm'-ik, 1 a. Antidotal; that Ai.ExivnKE.viio\i.,a-lex-e-farm'-ik-al, f has the property of expelling or resisting poison • also, sudorific. Alexipharmic, s. An antidote to poison or infection. Alexiteric, A-lex-e-th''-ik, a. Resisting poison Alexiterial, a-lex-e-te'-re-al, > obviating the effects Alexiterical, A-lex-e-ter'-ik-al,} of venom. Alexiteric, s. A. medicine to resist the effects of poison or venom* Among the mictenf Greeks, an amulet. Alga, al'-gA, s. Sea-weed. Alg^, al'-je, s.pl. In hot., an order or division of the Crypiogamic or Acrogenous plants, comprehending all the sea-weeds, and such fi’esh-water plants as vege¬ tate exclusively under water. Algarot, al'-gA-rot, I s. A white emetic powder AhGfLRorn, ai'-ga-rothfj prepared from antimony: 8< called after its inventor, Algarotti. Alqate8,$ aiil’-gayts, ad. On any terms ; every way Algatrane, aV-gA-trane, s. A kind of pitch or bitumen, Algazel, al-ga-zeV, s. See Gazelle. Algebra, al-je-hra, s. The science of quantity in ge¬ neral, or universal arithmetic. A general method of computation, in which signs and ^mbols, which are commonly the letters of the alphabet, are made to re- resent numbers and quantities. It takes an un- nown quantity sought, as if granted, and by means o*' one or more quantities given, proceeds till the quantity supposed is tUscovefed by some other known quantity to which it is equal. Algebraic, al-je-bra'-ik, \ a. Pertaining to alge- Algebr.ucal, al-je-bra'-ih-al,\ bra ; containing an ope¬ ration of algebra, or deduced from such operation. Algebraically, al je-bra'-ik-al-le; ad. By algebraia process. Algebraist, af-je-ftra'-isi, 8. One who is verted in the science of algebra. Algebraize, aV-je-bra-ize, v.a. To perfonn by algebra ' to reduce to aleebraic form. Algeneb, nl’-jen-eb, s. A star of the second magnitude, in the right side of the constellation Perseus. Algerine, nl'-je-reen, s. A native of Algiers, a city on the northern coast of Africa. — a. Belonging pvAlgierB. Algid, t aV-jid, a. Chilly; cold. ALGIDIT? [ 31 1 ALKEEVA at-juF-e-te^ j Chilliness, coldness. ALGiDNisfis. aV-jid-7ie$, f ’ ALGif^c, al-jif-ik, a. Producing cold. aV g^, 8. A fixed star of the third magnitude, called Medusa’s head, in the constellation Perseus. Algor, s^or, 8. Unusual coldness in any i)arlof the body. Algorab, aV-er of times without a remainder ; thus, 5 is an aliquot part of 15. Alish, ale'-ish, a. Like ale; having the qualities of ale. Alisma, d-Zt3'-?jm,s.The water-plantain,a genus of plants Alismaceous, al-iz-ma'-shus, a. In be'onging to the Aiismaceae, an order of aquatic plants. Alitrdnk, aV-e-tru7ik, s. Tlie segment of the body ol an insect to which the wings are attached. ALiTUBE,t s. Nourishment; food. Alive, d-liv^, a. Having life ; not dead ; in existence, unextinguished ; undestroyed ; unexpired; in force or operation ; cheerful; sprightly ; full of alacrity ; sus¬ ceptible ; sensible of. In sc 7 'ipiurej regenerated. Alizarine, d-fiz'-d-reeUjS. A colouring matter obtained from madder. Alkahest, al'-kd-hest, s. A universal solvent, or men slruum capable of resolving every substance in natui-e to a state of purity. The discovery of such a fluid was one of the chief objects of alchemy. The word is sometimes also used for fixed salts volatilized. ALKAHESTic,ai-Ad-^esi’-27:,a. Pertaining to the alkahest. ALKALEscENCY,ai-A:d-ie^'-sen-se,8. Atendency to become alkaline, or a tendency to the propeities of an alkali. Alk.ilescent, al-kd-les'-sexit, a. Tending to the pro¬ perties of an alkali; sUghtlv alkaline. Alkali, al'-kd-le or li, s.; pi. Alkalies, al'-ka-liz. In chemistry, a salifiable base, having in a greater or less degree a peculiar acrid taste, the power of changing blue vegetable coloiu'S to green, and the colour oi turmeric and rhubarb to brown. Potash, soda, and ammonia are the leading alkalies. ALKALiFixM.E,al'-kd-le-ji-d-bl,a. That may be alkalified. Alkalified, aV-kd-le-Jide, jip. Converted into alkali. Alkalift, aV-kd-le-fi, v.a. To convex into an alkali. — v.n. To become an alkali. Alkaligenous, al-kd-UdJ'•e-7i7i.s, a. Generating aUcali. Alkalimeter, al-kd-lim'-e-ter, s. An instrument for as¬ certaining the strength of alkalies. Alkalimetry, al-kd-lwi'-e-tre, s. The art of ascertain¬ ing the strength of alkalies. Alkaline, al'-Ud-line or Hti,) a. Having the properties ALKALiouSj-t* al-ka'-le-us, j of an alkali. Alkalinity, al-ku-lm'-e-te, s. The quality which con stitutes an alkali. AlkalizatEjJ aV-kci-le-zate, a. Impregnated with alkali. — X v.a. To make bodies alkaline. Alkalization^ al-kd-le-za'-shun,s. The act of rendering alkaline by impregnating with an alkali. Alkalize, at'-kd-lize, v.a. To render alkaline. — v.n. To become an alkali. Alkaloid, al'-kd-loyd, s. A proximate principle of cer¬ tain vegetables, wliich posses|ses in a slight degree the peculiar properties of an alkali. Alkanet, al'-Kd-net, s. The plant Bugloss, or AncAwM tinctoria ; also, a red dye obtained from its root. Alkekengi, al-ke-ken'-je, s. The winter cherry. Alkenna, s. See Henna. AxKr.uMEs, al-kerm'-eez, s. A compound cordial, in the shape of a confection, of wliich kermes forms the base, Alkerya, al-ker'-vd, s. An Arabic name of P-ihud Christi. ALKOOL [ 32 ] ALL-HAIL AisooL, al-kooC, s. A Reparation of antimony, used Py Eastern women to daraen their eyelashes and eyebrows. Alkoeam, al'^ko-ra 7 i, s. The book which contains the Mohammedan doctrines of faith and practice. Also, the name of a high tower on Eastern mosques. ALKORANisH,a^-fco-ran'-isA,a. Relating to the AJkoran. Alkoeanist, al'-ko-ran-ist, s. One who adheres strictly to the letter of the Alkoran, rejecting all comments. The Persians are generally Alkoran&ts; the Turks, Arabs, and Tartars admit a multitude of traditions. iiXL^awl, a. The whole number of particulars; every one; the whole quantity, extent, duration, amount, quality, or degree. — ad. 'Wholly; completely; entirely. — s. Every thing; the whole number; the whole ; the entire thing ; the aggregate amount.— It all one, is equivalent to the sai)ie thmg in effect, that is, it is wholly the same thing.—jiZ/ the better, is equivalent to wholly the bettor, that is, better by the whole difference.— All in all, signifies aii things ^o a person, or every thing desired.— At all^ is used oy way of enforcement or em¬ phasis, usually in negative or interrogative sentences. —All and some, in Spenser, denotes all together or at once; “ some ’’being acorniption of the Saxon somne, to¬ gether,at once.— All tn the wind, in nau. Zanj;.,denotes that the sails, instead of being filled with the wind, shake in it, so as to give no impulse.* Hence, the phrase is applied figuratively to what is wavering and uncertain. All, in composition, is used before a great number of words, to enlarge or add force to their meaning, and it is usually more emphatical than most. In some in¬ stances, ALL is incorporated into the word, and then drops one of its consonant letters, as in almighty, al¬ ready, always; but it is most generally an adjective prefixed to other words, but separated by a hyphen. ALLA.,al'-l&. Inmws.,an Italian preposition, or the dative of the feminine article la, which, prefixed to certain words, has the power of the phrase, ‘in the manner of,’ as, alia Francese, in the French manner or style. Alla-beeve, al'-ld-breev,s. Tnmw5tc,a movementwhose bars consist of the note called a breve; a quick time, in which the notes take only half their usual length. All absorbing, axvl-ab-sorb'-ing, a. Engrossing; that drowns or supersedes all other considerations. Alla-capella, aV-Id-ka-peV-Id, s. Same as Alln-breve. A LL-ACcoMPLISHED,aM>/-aA-A:ow'-p/is/^^, a. Fully accom¬ plished ; whose education is highly finished. Allagite, al'-ld-jite, s. An impure browm or green variety of magnesian spar. ^LAH.ar-Zd:,s. The Arabic name of the Supreme Being. Allanite, aV-lan-ite, s. A silicious oxide of cerium,. Greenland, and thus named after Mr. Allan of Edinhiu’gh, who first recognized it as a distinct spe- cies. It is massive, and of a brownish-black colour. Allantoic, a. Pertaining to, or contained m, the allantois.— Allantoic acid, a peculiar acid found in the fluid of the allantois of a fetal calf: it was for¬ merly called amnioHc acid. Allantoid, al-lan-to'-id, i s. A thin membrane, situated Allantois, al-lan-to'-iz, j between the chorion and amnion, in quadrupeds. Allantoine, al-lan'-to-een, s. Allantoic acid. AllatratEjI aV-Id-trate, v.a. To bark, as a dog. Allay, al-la', v.a. To qmet; to pacify or appease ; to repress; to abate, mitigate, subdue, or destroy; to soothe; to alleviate; $ to reduce the purity of, sctfAixLOY. — $ s. Alloy, which see. Allayed, al-layd', pp. of the verb to allay. Allayer, al-la'-er, s. He or that which allays. Ai*,ayment, al-la'-meni,&. The act of quieting ; a state of rest after disturbance; that which allays; ease. All-bearing, awl-hare'-ing, a. Producing every thing. Ali.-beauteocs, axcl-hew'-te-us, a. Perfectly beautiful. All-bounteous, awl-hown'-te-us, ) a. Perfectly bounti- A.LL-Boi;iiTiTvjj,aicl-bow7i'-te-fui, j ful;ofinfinitebounty. All-changing, awl-tshaynf-ing, a. Ever-changing. All-divine, awl-de-vine', a. Supremely excellrnt. Alle, al'-le, s. The trivial name of the little awk, or black and white diver. Allect,^ al-lekf, v.a. To entice. Allectation,! al-lekt-a'-shu 7 t, s. Allurement. Allective,± al-lekf-iv, a. Alluring. — s. Allurement Alledqe, al-ledj'. See Allege. Aixeganean, al le-ga'-ne-an, a. Pertaining to the moimtains c^ed Allegany, a ridge of Nortli America. Allegation, le-g(f-shun,s. Affinnation; positive as- BertivTo or dfrlnr.iiion ; that wliich U atTirmed or as¬ serted , a plea, excuse, or Justification. In eetUsxasH- cal cow'ts, a formal declaration of charges. Allege, al-ledj', v.a. To produce, as an argument, plea, or excuse; to adduce ; to declare; to afRnu; to assert, ALLEGEABLB,t al-ledj'-d-hl, a. That may be alleged. Allegeas, I ; J , . Allegias, ! A stuff manufactured in . , , the East Indies, of two kinds, one of cotton, the other of a flax-like material. Alleged, al-ledjd', pp. of the verb to allege. Allegement,$ al-ledi'-me 7 it, s. AUesaticn. Alleger, al-ledj'-er, s. One who alfi^s or declares. Allegiance, al-lf-je-ans, s. The duty or fidelity which a subject owes to his sovereign, or to the govemmeni or state of which he is a native or citizen. Alleoiant,^: al-lf-je-a 7 it, a. Loyal. Allegoric, aX-le-gor'-ik, Allegorical, rtl-Ze-uor'-tA-al, In the manner of aUe- 7 ; figurative. In a figurative , -le-gor-xk-al.) gory;fi Allegorically, al-le-gor'-ik-al-Xe, ad. manner; by way of allegory. Allegoricalness, al-le-gor-ik-al- 7 ies, s. The quality of being allegorical. Allegorist, al'-le-go- 7 'ist, s. One who uses allegory, or allegorizes; one who teaches in an allegorical manner. Allegorize, al'-le-go-rize, v.a. To tuni into an alJe- goi’y; to form an allegory ; to understand In an alle¬ gorical sense. — v.n. To use allegory. Allegorized, al'-le-go-r\zd, pp. of the verb to allegorize Allegorizer, al'-le-go-rize-er, s. One who allegorizes. Allegory, al'-le-go re, s. A figurative sentence or dis¬ course, in which the principal subject is described bv another subject resembling it in its propeitics anii circumstances. The principal subject is thus kept out of vievv, and we are left to collect the intentions of the writer or speaker by the resemblance of the se¬ condary to the primary subject.—In pamtmg and sculp¬ ture, a figurative representation, in which something else is intended than what is actually exhibited. Allegretto, al-la-gref-to, ad. In wins., denote® a move¬ ment quicker than a7idant€,h\it not so quick as allegro. Allegrissimo, al-la-gy'if -se- 77 io, ad. In 7 nusic, directs that the movement or air is to be very lively. Allegro, al-la'-gro, ad. In 7 nusic, directs the movement to be peifonned briskly. — s. A piece of music to be performed with a brisk movement.— L'Alleg 7 'o, the name of a poem of Milton, signifies the cheerful or mirthful man. AlLELUIAH, I t If . Allelojah, 1 "*-*«-*“ -!/<*> interj. Praise to Jehovah ; a word used to express pious joy and exultation, chiefly in hymns and anthems. — s. A hymn or anthem to the praise of Jehovah. Allemande,^ al-mongd', s. In 7 nu$ic, a slow aii* in common time, or a solemn, slow movement. Also, a brisk dance, or a figure in dancing. ALLEMANNic,aZ-Ze-man'-ni^,a. Belonging to the AZewan- nt, ancient Germans, or to Ale 7 na 7 mia, their countiy. Allenarl-^ al-len'-ar-le, ad. Only, merely: a word used in Scotch conveyancing. Allerion, al-le'-re-07x, s. In heraldry, an eagle without beak or feet, with expanded wings; denoting im¬ perialists vanqumhed and disarmed. Alleveur, al-le-voo7-', s. A small Swedish coin, of the value of about a half-penny. Alleviate, al-lf-ve-ate, v.a. To make light, in a figura¬ tive sense; to remove in part, as evils or sorrow; lessen, mitigate, or soften; tto make less by repre¬ sentation, to extenuate. Alleviation, al-le-ve-af-shxm, s. The act of lightening- allaying^ or extenuating; a lessening or mitigation; that which lessens, mitigates, or makes more tolerable. Alleviative, al-W-ve.-d-tiv, a. Palliative ; mitigating:. — s. That which mitigates. Alley, aV-le, s. ' A walk in a garden ; a narrow passage; a na^ow passage or way in a city, as distinct from a public street; also, a name given by boys to a choice taw, or marble. In Lo 7 idon, a popular name for tb? Stock Exchange. All-fools’-dat, awl-foolz-da', s. The first of Apnl: a-c called from a very ancient custom of practising spor¬ tive deceptions on as many as possible during ttis day, and which is said to be of Hindoo origin. A^-Fovas, awl-foarz', s. A game at cards, so called from the four chances of which it consists, viz., high low, jack, and game. — To go 07\ all-fours, is to move oi walk on four legs, or on the two legs and two aims. Axl-oiver, awl-gif-er, s. The Giver of all things. All-good, awl-go'bd', s. The plant Good-Henry. All-hail^ axcl-hayV, exclam. A phrase of salutation exprossmg a wish of all health or safety " ALL-HALLOW [ 33 ] ALLURER All-hallow, awl-haV-lo^ ^ 8. All Saints’ day, the first ALL-HALLowt. awl-hal'-loztj J of November, a feast de¬ dicated to all the saints. All-hallowmass, aw?i-AaZ'-Zo-»na4, Is. The time near or All-hallown, aM7i-Aar-f«n, > about All Saints’ All-mallow-tide, atvl-haV-lo-tidey ) day, or November first. ALL-HEAL,aujr-A€W,8. The popular name of several plants. Alliaceous, al-le-a'-shus^ a. Pertaining to allium, or garlic; having the properties of garlic. Arsenical miaerals are said to be alliacecnis, because when ex¬ posed to the blowpipe, or struck by the hammer, they emit an odour like that of garlic. i.LLiANCE, al-li'-ans, s. Relation or union by marriage ; union between nations,contracted by compact, treaty, or league ; the treaty, league, or compact which is tlie Instrument of confederacy ; t the act of confederating; any union or connection of interests between persons, families, states, or corporations; the persons or parties allied ; connection ; a&nity. Alliant^ aUlH-ant, s. An ally. Allice, aV-liSy s. The shad of the Severn. AxLiciENCTjt s. The power of attracting any thing ; attroction ; magnetism. Allicient,! al-lish'-ent, s. That which attracts. Allied, al-lid^^ pp. of the verb to ally. Allies, rtZ-hz^', s.pl. States wliich have entered into a league for their mutual defence. A LLioATE, aV-le-gate, v.a. To tie together; to unite. ALLiOATioN,al-/«-e'a'-4ftiin^8.+ The act of tying together. In aritk., a rule for finding the price or value of com¬ pounds consisting of ingredients of different values. Alligator, al'-le-ga-ier, s. The American crocodile. Allioator-pear, al'-le-ga-tor-pare, s. A West Indian fruit, resembling a pear in shape, and weighing from one to two pounds. It is also called the avocado pear ^ and is the fiaiit of the Persea gratissima. Allioatdre, al-lig'-a-tyurf s. See Ligature. Allinembnt_,+ al-lind-meyit,%. A reducing to a line; the state of bemg in a line, or on a level; a line; a row. Allioth, al'-le-oth,». A star in the tail of the Great Bear, much used in finding the latitude at sea. Allision, al-lizh'-uii, s. A striking against. AllitjEration 8. The repetition of the same letter at the beginning of two or more words im¬ mediately succeeding each other, or at short intervals. Alliterative, al-lif-er-a-tiv, a. Pertaining to, or con¬ sisting in, alliteration. Allium, al'-le-um, s. Garlic; a genus of plants, to which also belong the onion, leek, chive, and shalot. All-judging, a. Judging all; possessing the sovereign right of judging. All-just, awl-Just', a. Perfectly just. All-loves, atol-luvz', s.ig\. A former mode of adjui’ation, meaning, for the love of all things. All-loving, atvl-lui/-ing, a. Of infinite love. All-mercipul, atpl-mer'-se-fulf a. Of perfect mercy or compassion. Allocate, al'-lo-katef v.a. To place; to set apart; to allot; to give to each his share. Allocation, al-lo-ka'-shun, s. The act of putting; one thing to another; hence, the admission of an article of an account, or an allowance made on an account in th^ English exchequer ; an allotment. Allocatur, al-lo-ka'-tur, s. In lazv, a certificate of al¬ lowance of accounts or costs by the proper officer. Ai.lochroite^ al'-lo~kro-ite, s. An amorphous, massive, opaque variety of garnet, of a green, brown, gray, or reddish-yellow colour, found in Norway; and thus named in reference to the changes of colour it under¬ goes before the blowpipe. Allochrous, al-lo’-kro-us, a. Of variable colour. Allocution ,+ a/-/o-A:cty-s/iun, s. The actor manner of speaking to ; an address ; a formal address. Allodial, al-lo'-de-al, a. Pertaining to allodium ; held independent of a lord paramount; opposed to feudal. \LLODiAN,t al-lo'-de-ati, h Alloditil. Allodiuw, al-lo'-de-um, s. Prcehold estate ; land which is the absolute property of the owner, without being subject to any rent, service, or acknowledgment to a superior. It is thus opposed to feud. In England tliere is no allodial land, all land being held of the sovereign; but in the United States most lands are allodial. Ali.onqe, al-lunf, s. In fe^icing, a pass with a sword ; a thrust made by stepping forward and extending the arm; a lunge. A long rein used for trotting a horse, by cne on foot, as in breaking in colts, &c. All«o, al-lci/, y.a. or n. See Halloo. Allop ATHETic.oi-Zo-pa^/i-er-i*, ) a. Pertaining to al Allopathic, al - lo - path '- ik ^ I lopathy. Allopatheticallt, al - lo ~ paih - eV ‘ ik - al - le , ) ad. In a Allopathicallt, al - lo - path '- ik ~ al-let ) manner confoimable to allopathy. AllopATHI 8T, s. One who practises medi¬ cine according to the principles and rules of allopathy Allopatht, al-lop'-a-the, s. That method of medical ractice which attempts to cure disease by the pro- uction of a condition of the system different from, of opposite to, the condition essential to the disease to be cured. It is opposed to hotuceopathy. Alloph.ane, aV~lo-Jane, s. A clayey ©r aluminous mine¬ ral, of a blue, green, or brown colour: thus named because it changes its colour before the blow-pipe. A\.loqvy,X al'-lO‘kwe,s. A speaking to another ; address. Allot, al-lof, v.a. To distribute by lot; to divide or parcel out in parts or portions; to give to each his share ; to grant, as a portion ; to assign ; to give. Allotment, al-lof-mc7ity s. The act of allotting; the share, part, or portion granted or distributed to any one ; that which is assigned by lot. Allotted, al - lot '- ted , pp. of the verb fo allot . Allottery^ al - lof - tcr ~ eyS . Allotment. Allow, a^-W', v.a. To grant, give, or yield ; toadmlt, own,oracknowledge ; to approve,justify,orsanctioD ; to abate or deduct; to permit; to grant license to. Allowable, al-low'-d-blj a. That may be allowed; law¬ ful ; that may be admitted as true; not improper. Allowableness, al - low '- d - hl - nes , s. The quality of being allowable; la^ulness. Allowably, al-low'-&-hle, ad. In an allowable manner. Allowance, al-loio'-ans, s. The act of allowing; per¬ mission ; license; authority; approbation ; sanction, admission; a granting; freedom from restraint; in¬ dulgence ; a certain sum, portion, or share appointed; that which is allowed; a stated or limited quantity, as of food or drink; abatement; deduction; testa¬ blished character, reputation. — v.a. To put upon allowance ; to restrain or limit to a certain quantity of provisions or di’ink. Alidwed, al-lowd'y pp. of the verb to allow. Allower, al - lojv '- er , s. One who authonzes or permits Alloy, al-loy', v.a. To reduce the purity of a metal by mixing with it a portion of one less valuable; to mix metals; to reduce or abate by mixture. — 8. A baser metai mixed with a flneiu as in coinage; any metallic compound, except that or mercury with another metal, which is called an amalgam; abate¬ ment ; diminution; evil mixed with good^ Alloyaoe, al-loy'-<^ej s. The act of alloying metals; the mixture of different metals. Alloyed, al-loyd', pp. of the verb to alloy. All-8aints’-day, awl-saynts'da'y s. A festival held on the first day of November, otherwise called All-seed, awl'-seed, s. The popular name of the plant Chenopodium polyspemixini. All-seer, aw’Z-««'-cr, 8. He who sees all things; the Deity. All-souls’-day, rtii’Z-softZs-rfa', 8. A festival held on th« second day or November, by the church of Rome, U supplicate for the souls of the faithful deceased. Allspice,« icr-.9pt5e,s. Thefruitof the Eugenia pimenta. a tree of the AVest Indies; it constitutes the well- known pleasant and aromatic spice, sometimes calUd Jamaica pepper. • All-sufficienct, aiol - suf - fish '- en - se , s. Complete or in¬ finite ability. All-sufficient, niol-snf-Jish'-ent, a.. Infinitely able. — s. The all-sufficient Being; God. All-to,J ateZ'-ioo, ad. Altogether; entirely. ALLUBE8CENCT,taZ-Zetc-6«s'-54?i-5e,s.WiLlingiiess;content, Allude, a^-/tft4;rt',v.n. To refer to something not directly mentioned; to have reference; to hint at by remote suggestions; to insinuate ; to advert to. Alluminate, al-lew'-min-atey v.a. To decorate or adorn with colours, as books, manuscripts, or parchments, illuminate is the word now used. ALLUMiNOR,-|-. mol-iootsht', a. Watched throughout. All-wise, a. Of infinite wisdom. ALL-woRTHT,rtit’i-t<;«r'-th«, a. Of infinite worth. Allt, ai-ii', v.a. To unite, or form a relation, as be¬ tween families by marriage, or between princes and states by treaty, league, or confederacy ; to foi-m a re¬ lation by similitude, resemblance, or friendship. — 8. A prince or state united by treaty or league; a con- fcMlerate ; one related by mamage or other tie; a friend. Almacantar. al-mA-kwi^‘tar, 8. An old term for a series of circles of the sphere parallel to the horizon.—AZwa- cantar's staff, an instrument having an arch of fifteen degrees, formerly used to take observations of the sun. Almadib, al'-ma-de, 8. A bark canoe used by the Afri¬ cans ; also, a long boat used at Calicut, in India. Almagest, aV-mA-jest, s. A book or collection of pro¬ blems in astronomy and geometry, drawn up by Ptolemy. The same title is sometimes given to other works of a similar nature. ALMAORA,a^-wa'-pr.ni\Jigurativelyj a church ; a place of worship. In the Scriptures, the Saviour is so called. Altarage, awl'-ter-qje, s. In the middle ages, offerings made upon the altar as an emolument to the priest. ALTKR-cun'a,awl'-ter-kloth,s. The cloth which covers an altar in churches. Altarist, is. The priest to whom Altar-than^, awV-ter-thane, j the altarage belonged was thus designated; also, a chaplain Altar-piece^ awl'-ter pees, 8 . A painting placed over the altar, m a cliurch; the entire decoration of an altar taken collectively. Altar-wise, awl'-ter-wize, ad. Placed like an altar. Alter, awl'-ter, v.a. To make some change in ; to vary in some degree ; to make different in some particular ; ,to chaise entirely or materially ; to reform. — v.n. To become, in some respects, different; to vary. Alterability, awl-ter-d-biV-e-te, s. The quality of being susceptible of alteration. Alterable, awV-ter-d-bl, a. That may vary or become different ; that may be altered. Alterableness, s. The quality of ad¬ mitting alteration; variableness. Alterably, rtM'Z'-Zer-d-fiZe,ad. In a manner that maybe altered, or varied. ALTERAOEjt awV-ter-<^e, s. The fostering of a child. Alterant, at<7Z'-Zer-an<, a. Altering; gradually changing. — s. In medicine, an alterative. Alteration, awl-ter-a!-shun, s. The act of altering or changing; the change made; a variation. Alterative, a. Causing alteration; hav¬ ing the power to alter; producing a salutary effect. — s. A medicine which gradually induces a change from a diseased to a healthy condition, but without exciting sensible evacuations. Altercate. aV-ter-kate,y.n. To contend in words; to dispute with zeal or anger ; to wrangle. Altercation, al-ter-ka'-shun, s. Warm contention in words; controversy; dispute; wrangle. Altered, awV-terd, pp. of the verb to alter. Alteree, awV-ter-er, s. One who alters or changoi Altern, aV-tepx, a. Actmg by turns; alternate.—In cryst., exhibitmg on two parts of a crystal, faces which are alternate among themselves,but which, when tbe two paits are compared, correspond with each other —Altern-base, in trigonometry, a term used in contra¬ distinction from the true-base. ALTERNAci,t al-tem'-d-se, s. Performance or actions bv turns. Alternal,-|- al-tern'-al, a. Alternative. ALTERNALLT,t al-tcm'-ol-le, ad. By turns. Alternant, al-tern*~ant, a. In geology, composed of al¬ ternating layers. Alternate, aZ-Zern'-afe, a. Being by turns; onefoUow- mg the other in succession of time or place ; reciprocal — s. That which happens by turns with something else; vicissitude. In the one designated to take the place of another in performing some dutv in case of faUui-e. ^' ALTERNATE,rtZ-Zem'-ate, or aZ'-Zmi-aZe, v.a. To perform by turns, or in succession; to cause to succeed by turns ; to change one thing for another reciprocally. — v.n. To happen by turns; to follow reciprocally in place. Alternately, aZ-Zem'-aZe-Ze, ad. In reciprocal succes¬ sion ; by turns. Altern ateness, al-tern'-ate-ncs, 8. The quality of being alteiTiate, or of following in succession. Alternation, aJ-tern-a'-shun,8. The reciprocal succes¬ sion of things ; the different changes or combinations of which any given numbers are capable; the aiisw^' of the congregation speaking alternately with th# minister; alternate performance in choral music. Alternative, al-tern'-d-tiv, a. Offering a choice of tW( things; in an alternate manner. — s. That which may be chosen or omitted; a choicte of two things, so that, tf one is taken, the other must be Jeft. Alternatively, al-tern'-d-tiv-Xe, ad. By turns; recip¬ rocally ; in the manner of an alternative. Alternativeness, al-tern'-d-tiv-nes, s. The quality or state of being alternative; reciprocation. Alternitt, al-tem'-e-te, s. Reciprocal succession. Althea, aZ-ZAe'-di,s. A genus of plants, of several species, including the marsh-mallow and hollyhock. Although, aitJZ-tho', conj. Notwithstanding; howevw. ALTHEiNE,aZ-ZAe-een',s. A vegetable princi^e extracted from the roots of the marsh-mallow : it is analogous to asparagin. Altigrade,^ al'-te-grade, a. Rising on high. Altiloqdence, al-txV-o-kwens, s. Pompous language. ALTiLOQUENT,aZ-ZtZ'-o-/.M7euZ,a.High-sounding;pompou8. Altimeter, al-tim'-e-ter, s. An Instrument for taldng altitudes geometrically ; a quadrant. Altimetry, aZ-Zim'-e-Zr«, 8. The art of measuring alti¬ tudes or heights, whether accessible or not, as by a quadrant ana the use of trigonometrical calculations. Altin, al'-tin, s. A money of account in Russia, valu& three kopecks, or about three halfpence. Altincar, al-tink'-ar, s. A species of factitious salt used in the fusion and puiification of metals. Altisonant, aZ-ZiY-o-nanZ, la. High-sounding; lofty Altisonous, al-tis'-o-7ius, j or pompous, as language ALTissiMo,tfZ-ZY-s€-mo,a. (Ital.)superl. ofaZZo. Highest In mus., applied to notes in the octave above the fifth line in the treble. Altitude, aZ'-Ze-Z«wd,s. Space extended upward; height of place; the elevation of an object above its founda¬ tion, or above the earth ; situation with regard tq lower things; the elevation of any of the heaven^ bodies, or of any other object, above the horizon. Figurativety, height of degree ; highest poinv of excellence. Altivola.nt, at-tit/-o-lant, a. Flying high. Alto, al'-to, a. (Ital.) High. In musxe, see Alt — 8. In mus., the counter-tenor part, or that between the tenor and treble; the tenor violin. Alto-clep, aV-to-klef.8. In mus., the counter-tenor clef, or the C clef placed on the third line of the staff. Alto-octavo, aV-to-ok-ta'-vo, s. An octave higher. Altogether, awl-to-geWi'-er, ad. Wholly; entirely, completely; without restriction or exception. Alto-relievo, aZ'-Zo-re-Ztf'-tJo, s. High relief; that fa¬ cies of sculpture in which the figures project half or more, without being entirely detached from the ground Alto-ripieno, aF-to-re-pe-^-no, s. In music, the tenoc of the great chorus. Alto-viola, al'-to-ve'-o-ld, 8. A email tenor viol. Alto-violino, al'-to-ve-o-l^-no, b. A small tenor violin. Aludel, at'-yu-del, 8. In chem., a pear-shaped vessel open at both ends, so that a senes of may b*? fitted together, used In eubUznati-7i love. Amatory, in a7iat.. Amatory, am'-d-to-re, j is an epithet applied to the oblique muscles ofthe eye,from their use in ogling. Amatorially, am-d-to'-re-al-le, ad. In an amatorial manner. Amatorian, am-d-t(/-re-a7iy a. Pertaining to love._ Amaurosis, am-or-o'-sis, s. A loss or decay of sight, without any visible defect in the eye, except an im¬ movable pupil, arising from a paralysis of the optic nerve. It is also called gxitta sei'ena. AmausitEj d-7naw^-ite, s. See Petrosilex. Amaze, d-masc', v.a. To confound with fear, sudden sur¬ prise, or wonder; to astonish ; to perplex. — 8. Astonishment; confusion ; perplexity, arising from fear or wonder. (Little used except in poetry^ Amazed, d-mayzd', pp. of the verb to amaze. Amazedly,-!” d-7naze-cd-Ze, ad. With amazement; in a manner to confound. , Amazedness, d-maz^-ed-7\es, s. Tlie state of being amazed; astonishment; great wonder. Amazement, d-maz^-7ne7\t, s. A.stonishment; extreme fear, wonder, or admiration, caused by some unexpected event or unusual sight; confusion; perplexity. Amazing, d-maz^-hxQ, ppr. of the verb to amaze, — a. Very wonderful; exciting astonishment or per¬ plexity. Amazingly, d-maze'-i7ig-le, ad. Astonishingly ; won¬ derfully. Amazon, am'-d-zun, s. The Amazons are said to have been a rac“ of female warriors, wbo founded an empire on the River Thermodon, in Asia Minor. Hence, ly analogy, a warlike or masculine woman , a virago. Amazonian, am-d-zo'•ne-a7i, a. Pertaining to or resem¬ bling an Amazon. Applied to females, bold , of mascu¬ line manners; warlike. In geography, belonging to the River Amazon or Maranon, in South America, or to Amazonia, the country on the banks of that river, —A7nazonian sto7ie, a beautiful variety of green fel¬ spar, found near the River Vmazon- Amb, a7nby I ^ Latin prefix, signifying about; around. A.M, a7fi, J Ambages, am-ba'-)jez, s. Jircumlocutloo , a circuit or a needless multlpllcitr of words; a winlins or turn mg; AMBAaiOUS [ 37 ] AMBUSH Ajcbaoiocs, am-ba'-Je^ug, a. Clrcuinlocutory; tedious. Ajibassade^ am-bat-sade', 8. Embassy. AMBAfl8ADoit, am-ba^-sA-der, g. A minister of the high¬ est rank, employed by one sovereign or state, at the court of another, to manage the public concerns, or support the interests of his own prince or state, and representing the power and dignity of his sovereign or state. In ^an^ua^«, a messenger. Ambassadilbss, am-bas'-si-dres, i. The wife of an am¬ bassador. AxBi.MiG*4 am'-bat-ttye, ) , ^ embassT. Ambasst^ am'-bat‘S€, f Ambb,) f*- TTie run or margin of any thing; a Ambi, / ( surgical instrument formerly used for reducing dislocated shoulders. In 6o<., the mango-tree. Amber, am'-ber, s. A yellow, semi-transparent fossil resin ; hard, but brittle, and easily cut with a knife ; tasteless, and without smell, except when pounded or heated, when it emits a fragrant odour. It has con¬ siderable lustre; becomes highly electric by friction; and will bum with a yellow name. It is found in nodules, of various sizes, in alluvial soils or on the sea-shore, In many places, particularly on the shores of the Baltic. Amber Is much employed for orna¬ mental purposes, and is also used in the manufacture of some varnishes. — a. Consisting of; or resembling amber. — v.a. To scent with am^r. Amber-dbinx, am'-ber-drink, s. A drink of the colour of amber. Amberoris, am'-ber-grees, 8. A solid, opaque, ash- coloured, inflammable substance^ variegated like mar¬ ble, remarkably light, rugged on its surface, and, when heated, emitting a fragrant odour. It is a morbid concretion found in the intestines of the spermaceti whale, and is often seen floating on the ocean, in re¬ gions frequented by whales; sometimes in masses of from 60 to 225 lbs. weight. It is chiefW used in per¬ fumery, the odour being exceedingly diffusive. Ambbr-seed, am'-ber-seed, s. Musk-seed, resembling millet. Amber-tree, am'-ber-tre, s. A species of anthospermxtm, a shrub with evergreen leaves, which, when bruised, yield a fragrant odour. Ambidbxtee, ». One who Uses both hands with equal facility ; a double-dealer; one equally ready to act on either side in party disputes. In juror who Ukes money from both parties, for giving his Tftrdict. . . , , Ambidexteritt, 18. Thefaculty Ambidextrousness, mn-be-dexf-tru8-neSy | of using both, hands with equal facility ; double dealing; the taking of money from both parties for a verdict. Ambidextrous, aTn-&6-aftc'-#rM*, a. Able to use both hands with equal ease; siding with both parties ; deceitful. Ambient, am'-be-entf a. Surrounding ; encompassing ; investing. ^ ^ , Ambioenal, am-hidi'-e-naly a. In geom., a term applied to one of the triple hyperbolas of the second order, having one of its infinite legs falling within an angle formed by the asymptotes, and the other without. Ambigu, am'-be-guj s. A feast or entertainment consist¬ ing of a medley of dishes. Ambiouitt, 8. Doubtfulness or uncer¬ tainty of signification; double meaning; equivocation. Ambiguous, am-big'-yu-usy a. Of doubtful signification ; having two or more meanings ; susceptible of different interpretations ; mysterious; equivocal; obscure. Ambiguously, am-bia-yu'-us-le, ad. In an ambiguous manner; with doubtful meaning; equivocally. ^ AmbigiUousness, am-big'-yxt~us-nes. s. The quality of being ambiguous ; ambiguity ; obscurity. AMBiLEvou8,$Gm-6iZ'-«-t»s,a. Left-handed on bothsides. Ambilogy, am-bil'-o-je, s. Ambiguous discourse. Ambiloquous, (iwi-hiV~o~h%vxi8y a. Using ambiguous ex¬ pressions. ^ Ambiloquy, am-hiV-o~kxoey s. The use of ambiguous ex¬ pressions. , . Ambit, am'-bit, s. The line that encompasses a thing. In geometry y the perimeter of a figure; the periphery or circumference of a circular body. Ambition, axn-bish'-un, s. A desire of preferment, honour, power, crainenoe, fame, excellence, or su¬ periority. It denotes more commonly, however, an \nordxxinte desire of power or eminence, often accom¬ panied with indifference as to the means of obtaining it. —+v.a. Ambitiously to seek after. nm-bish !Detold of ambition. Ambitious, am - bigh '- u»y a. Desirous of power, honour, office, superiority, or excellence; aspiring; eager for fame ; showy; aaapted to command notice or praise proud; vain. Ambitiously, ad. In an ambitious manner. AjiBiTiousNBss, am-bisK-ut-neSy s. The quality of being ambitious; ambition. Ambitudb, am’-be-tgxod, s. Compass ; circuit. Ambitus. am'-be~tu9y 8. The circuit, border, or outer edge 01 any thing, as of a leaf, ihell, &c. Among tho ancient Roman*, a canvassing for office and honours . alM, an open space surrounding a building or tomb. Amble, am-bl, v.n. To move upon an amble, as a horse, topace; to move easily, without hard shocks; to move with submission, or by direction; to move affectedly. _g. A peculiar pace of a horse, in which he removes h; two legs on one side at the same time; an easy pace. Ambler, am ’- bler , s. A horse which ambles , a j^cer. Ambling, am'-blingy ppr. or a. Ufting the two legs on the same side, at first going off, ana then changing; moving easily; pacing trippingly. Amblinoly, am'-biing-le, ad. with an ambling gait. Amblotic, am~blo'~tik, a. Producing abortion. Amblygon, am'-ble-gony 8. An obtuse-angled triangle. Amblygonal, ayn-bhg'-un-al, a. Having an obtuse angle Amblygonite, am - biig '- x 4 n - ite , s. A mineral of a pale- green colour, sometimes spotted, resemblingpyroj;en^. Amblyopy, axn '- ble - o - pe , s. Incipient amaurosis; dui- ness or obscurity of sight. Ambo, am'-ho. s. An oblong, elevated pulpit or reading desk, used in the early Christian churches. Ambon, am'-bon. s. In nnat., the margin or tip of a socket in which the head of a bone is lodged. Ambreada, am-bre-a'-dd, 8. A kind of factitious amber. Ambreatb, am-bre'-atey s. In chem., a salt formed by the combination of the ambreic acid with a base. Ambreic acid, am-brd-ik a^-sid, s. An acid formed by digesting ambreine in nitric acid Ambreine, am-bre'-in, s. A peculiar fatty subsmn^'*, of an agreeable odour, obtained from ambergris, by digestion with alcohol. Ambrosia, am-bro'-zhd., s. In heathen antiqxatyy the imaginary food of the gods; hence, whatever is very pleasing to the taste or smell. In 6oi., a genus of plant^. Ambrosiac,-!' (7w-6ro'-sAe-a/:, 1 a. Possessing the quali- Ambrosial, om-6ro'-zA(ii, ) ties of ambrosia; fra¬ grant ; delicious. AMBR 0 siALizE 4 ^om'-&r 0 'Z^al-tze,v.a. To render ambro- siai. Ambrosiallt, am-bro'-zhal-le, ad. In an ambrosial way. Ambrosian, am-5ro'-z7ian, a. Ambrosi^d; pertainir'g to St. Ambrose. The Ambrostan ritxial is a formula vA worship in the church of Milan, instituted by St. Ambrose in the fourth century. The Ambrosian chant was also composed for that cn^ch by St. Ambrose. Ambbosin, am'^ro-sin, 8. A coin of the middle age.-, struck by the dukes of Milan, on which St. Ambros i was represented on horseback. Ambry, am'-bre, s. An almonry; a place where alms are deposited for distribution to the poor; a place i!i which utensils for housekeeping are kept; a cup - board for cold victuals. Ambs-ace, ayms'-aw, 8. A double ace; aces at dice. Ambulance, cw'-feeto-?on«, s. A carriage which serves ns a movable hospital for the wounded in battle: flit t used in the iS’ench armies. Ambulant, am'-bew-lant, a. 'Walking; moving from place to place. Ambulate, am'-bew-late, Y.a. To walk; to move back¬ ward and forward. Ambulation, am-beio-W-shuny s. The act of walking. Ambulativb,$ am'-beiv-la-tiVy a. Wallung. Ambulator, am'-6et<»-Za-ier,8. One whowalks about; an insect, tbe cerambyx. Ambulatory, am'-hew-la-to-rey a. That has the power or faculty of walking ; pertaining to a walk ; moving from place to place; not stationary. In ornithology, formed for walking ; applied to the feet of birds witli three toes before and one behind. — 8. A place designed for walking, as a gallery, cloister or alley. Ambury, am'-hu-rey s. A tumour, wart, or swelling on a horse, full of blood: also written anfcury. Ambuscade, am-bxis-kadd, Is. A private or concealed Ambush, / place in wlvich one or more men lie in wait to attack others by surprise, the state of lying concealed for the purpose of making an unexpected attack; a body of troops, or any men, AMBUSOADO [ 38 ] AMMIRAL jKMted in a concealed place for attack by surprise. {Ambuscade is chiefly used in a military sense.) — v.a. To lie In wait for; to attack suddenly from a concealed position; to place an ambush for. — v.n. To Ue in wait, for the purpose of assailing by surprise. Ambu8cado4 am-bus-k<^-do^ s. An ambuscade. Ambcshkd, ani'-busht, pp. of the verb to ambush. AMBC8HMENT,t«w»'-frwsA*wteni, s. An ambush: whichsee. AMBusTjt am~busfy a. llumed; scalded. AMBCSTioN,am-6M^-i«/iM7i,s. Aburning ; abumorscald. AMEKR,A-rneer',8. In Hindostan,aprince ;aruler;achief. Amel4 am'-el, s. Enamel; which see. Amelcorn ,t am'-el-korn, s. A kin d of gr am from which starch was made. Ameliorable, ^-meel'~yor-di-bl, a. That may be amelior¬ ated. Ameliorate, d-me«r-t/or-aic, v.a. To make better ; to im¬ prove. — v.n. To grow better; to improve ; to meliorate. Amelioration, s. A making or be¬ coming better; improvement; melioration. AuMen, a’-men' (in singing, d'-tnen' is also frequently used). A Hebrew word which has been adopted in many languages. As a verb, it signifies to confirm, establish, or verify ; to trust, or confide in ; as a notm, truth, fiiTnness, trust, confidence, stability, constancy; as an adjective, firm, stable. In English, its most fre- uent use is at the end of pn\yers, thanksgivings, and enunciations, in the sense of, he itfirm, be it established ; and at the end of a creed, in the sense of, so it is. In the Gospel, it is also often used by our Saviour at the beginning of a discoui’se, as an impressive particle, in the sense of, verily, truly. Amenability, is. Stateof being ame- Amenableness, d,-m^-nd.~bl-nes, / nable or answerable. Amenable, di-»ne'-nd-6Z, a. Liable to answer; liable to be called to account; responsible. Amenably, d-mef-na-ble, ad. In an amenable manner. Ambnaoe4 am'-en-aje, v.a. To manage. Amenance,^ d-me'-nans,8. Conduct; behaviour; mien. Amend, v.a. Tocorrect; to rectify, as an en*or ; to reform; to make better, in a moral sense; to supply a defect or omission; to improve; to alterforthe better. — v.n. To grow or become better by reformation; to improve in health. .Amendable, d~mend'-d-bl, a. That may be amended. Amendatory, d-mend'-&~to-re,di.. Thatamends; supply¬ ing amendment: corrective. Amende, d-mongd, s. A fine by way of compensation ; mulct; foifeit; reparation.—The Amende hoyiorable, is, a recantation in open court; also, a public apology for an injury done, in the presence of the aggrieved party. Originally, a preliminary portion of the sentence in¬ flicted, according to the French law, on traitors, parri¬ cides , and sacrUegious persons, which consisted in strip¬ ping the criminal to his shirt, and leading him into court with a rope round his neck, held by the public executioner, to beg pardon on his knees, of his God, his king, and his country. Amender, d-mend'-er, s. The person that amends; a corrector. AMENDrcL,J d-mend'-fid, a. Full of improvement. Amending, A-mcnrf's. The act of correcting. Amendment, d-tnc7i£i'-me7it, 8. An alteration or change for the better; reformation of life: recovery of health; a word, clause, or paragraph, added, or proposed to be added, to a bill before a legislature. In law, the cor¬ rection of an error in a writ or process. Amends, d-mendi^, s.pl. Recompense; compensation; atonement. Amenity, d-menj-e-te, s. Agreeableness of situation. A MENSA. BT TORO, a-mcn'-sd et tcf-ro. (The last word is genejuUy, but incorrectly written fAoro.) Latin words signif^g from board and bed; an epithet used in law of a divorce whereby a husband and wife are legally separated,butarenotunmarried; in contradistinction from a divorce a vinculo matrimonii, which is a com¬ plete dissolution of the marriage bonds. Ament, atn'-«nt, Is. In hot., a catkin; a species Amentum, &-mentf^um, / of male inflorescence, consist¬ ing of a simple peduncle, covered with numerous chafl^ scales, under which are the flower? or parts of fructi¬ fication, as in the birch, chestnut, bcwch, willow, &c. Amentaceous, am-en-ta'-shus, a. In bot., prowing in an ament; having flowers arranged in aments. Amentia, d-men-shd, ) s. Imbecility of mind; idiotism; AmentY, t / dotage. AMaRc^,d-m«fi',T.a. To punish by a pecuniary penalty, the amount of which is left to the discretion or mercy of the court; to inflict a forfeiture; to punish in general. Amerceablb, d-mers'-d-bl, a. Liable to amercement. Amerced, d-mersf, pp. of the verb to amerce. Amercement, d-mers-ment, s. A pecuniary penalty in¬ flicted on an offender, at the discretion of the court. Amercer, d-mer'-ser, s. One who sets an amercement. Amerciament4 d-mers'-yd-ment, s. An amercement. Ajierica, d-tner'-e-kd, s. One of the chief divisions of the globe, acontinent lying west of the Atlantic Ocean. American, d-mer'-e-kan, a. Pertaining to America, — 8. A native of America; more especially a native or citizen of the United States. Americanism, 4-mcr'-e-ia«-tsw,s. An American idiom, the love which American citizens have for their own country. Americanize, d-mer'-e-kan-ize, v.a. To render Ameri¬ can , to naturalize in America. Americim, d-mer'-e-sirn, s. A species of small lizard, found in South America. Ames-ace, aymz'-ase, s. See Ambs-ace. Ametabolian , d-taet-d-ho'-le-an, s. In aooZ., the aiTieta- bolians, or ametabolia, constitute a division of insects which do not undergo any metamorphosis. Amethodical,^: am-e-thod'~ik-al, a. Out of method ; ir¬ regular. Amethodist4 d-meth'-o-dist, s. A quack. Amethyst^ am'-e-thist, s. A precious stone, wi-ought into various articles of jewellery. The amethyst pro- er, or occidental amethyst, is a variety of quartz, of a luish-violet colour, occurring in crystals, and also in rolled fragments. The oriental amethyst is a violet- blue variet^^ of transparent crystallized corundum.— Amethyst, m her., denotes a purple colour. Amethystine, am-e-thistf-in, a. Pertaining to, resem bling, or composed of, amethyst. Amia, a’-me-d. s. A genus of abdominal fishes, found in the rivers oi Carolina. Amiability. a-me^d-biV Amiableness. Amiable, a'-me-d-bl, a. Worthy of love ; deserving of affection; pleasing ; charming; fascinating ; J pretend¬ ing or showing love. Amiableness, a'-me-d-bl-nes, s. The quality of being amiable, or of exciting love. Amiably, a'-me-d-ble, ad. In an amiable manner. Amianth, am'-e-anth, 1 s. Earth flax, or mountain Amianthus, rt7rt-e-«n'-iAMs, I flax, an incombustible mineral substance, somewhat resembling flax. AMiANTHiFORM,rtw-e-rt7i'-iAe-/orm, a. Having the form or likeness of amianthus. Amianthinite, am-e-an'-the-nite, s. A species of amor¬ phous mineral, a variety of actinolite. Amianthoip, ayyi-e-an'-thoyd, s. A variety of asbestus. — a. Resembling amianthus in fonn. Amicable, am'-e-kd-bl, a. Friendly ; kind ; peaceable. AMic/LBhe.yESS,atn'-e-kd bl-nes,s. Friendliness,goodwill. Amicably ad. In a friendly manner; Idndly, Amical,$ a. Friendly. Amice, am'-is, 1 s. A square linen cloth worn by a Ahict, ayyi'-ikt, f Roman Catholic priest when officiat- ^ ing at mass. It is tied about the neck, and hangs down behind under the alb. Amid, d-jNtrf', 1 prep. In the midst or middle; among; Amidst, d-»ntd5^', j mingled with ; conjoined with ; sur¬ rounded, encompassed, or enveloped'with. Amide, am'-id, Is. A substance consisting of one Amidet, am'-e-det, j equivalent of nitrogen and two of hydrogen. It enters into numerous compounds. Amidine, am'-e-din, s. A peculiar substance obtained from wheat and potato starch. Amidships, d-mid'-ships, s. In nau. lang., the middle ol a ship, with regard to her length and breadth. Amilot, am'-e-lot, s. A fish of the Mexican lakes. It is about a foot in length, and much esteemed at the table Amiss, a. Wrong; faulty; out of order ; improper. — ad. In a faulty manner; improperly; criminjuly. — ts. Culpability ; fault. Amission, Xd-mW-shun,s. Loss; deprivation; dismisHon Amit,X d-mif, v.a. To lose ; to drop; to dismiss. Amity, am'-e-te, s. Friendship; peace ; a state of friendly intercoume; kindness; affection. Amma., am'-md, s. An abbess. In surg., a girdle ortruss Amman, am'-man, s. In Switzerland, Belgium, and some parts of Germany, a judge who has cognizance of civil causes. In France, a notary public. Ammid, am'-mid, s. A more correct, though less used, orthography of Amide. Ammiral, am'-me-ral, s. An obsolete form of «4miral* AMMITE [ 39 ] AMPHIOTYONIO iUiMiTX, am -mite, 8. A sand-stone, or fret-stone, of a pale-brown colour; oolite, or roe-stone: also written Mammite. AMiiocHRT8*, classofanimals,S' foi'me'* Amphibia, aw-pfV-e-d, s.pl. ) as to live on land -'mior a long time under water. -e-o-lite, s. An y part or fragment of a petrified amphibious animal. Amphibiolooical, am-Jib-e-o-lo^'-ik-al, a. Pertaining to amphibiology. Amphibiologt, ayn-fih-e-oV-o-je,s. That branch of natu ral history which treats of amphibious animals. Amphibious, a7«-pS6'-e-Ms, a. Having the power of living in two elements, air and water; of a mixed nature; partaking of two natures. Amphibiousness, am-fib'-e-ue-nes, 8. The quality of being amphibious. Amphibidm, am-fibf-e-um, s. That which lives in two elements, as in air and water. Amphibole, am'-/e-6oZe, s. TTie mineral horyiblende, in¬ cluding its varieties actmolite and tremolite. Amphibolic, atyi-fe-bol'-ik, a. Pertaining to amphibole, resembling amphibole, or partaking of its nature. Amphibolite, ayn-hb'-o-lite, s. A general name for all trap rocks, the basis of wWch is amphibole. Amphibological, -rtf, ri. Doubtful. Amphibologicau.'’Y ayyi-fib-o-lodj'-ik-ai-le, ad. With a doubtful meaning. Amphibology, ayyi-fe-boV-o-je, s. In rhet., a sentence wherein the words are so placed as to admit of two different interpretations. Akthiboloid, ayn-Jil/-o-loyd, 8. A rock composed of am¬ phibole and felspar. Amphibolous, t am-fiV-o-lus, a. Tossed from one to another ; striking each way, with mutual blows. Amphiboly, t am-^'-o-le, s. Ambiguity of meaning. Amphibrach, ayn -fe-brak, s. In poetry, a foot of three syllables, the middle one long, the first and last short Amphicome, ayn'-fe-ko-me, s. A kind of figured stone, of a round shape, anciently used in divination, and called erotylos, on account of its supposed power of exciting love. AjtPHicTTON»ic, am-fik-te-on'-ik, a. Rertalning to the august council of Amphlctyons. AMPHIOTYOHS [ 40 ] ANA AaPHicTioNS, am-Jik*-te-onz, s.pl. In Grecian historyy an assembly or council of deputies from the different states of Greece, who sat alternately at Thermopylae :in3 Delphi. ^ Applied to compounds consisting of ^ iuids and bases, as distinguished from haloid compounds. /. -iPHiQAMODs, am-fig'-h-mus, a. An epithet applied to ]jlants which have no sexual organs. - '{PHioENE, am'-fe-jecn. In mineralogy, another name '.f the leucite or Vesuvian. viPHiHEXAHEDRAL,am-/e-/iea;-d-fte'-rfra/^ a. A termap- plied to crystals whose faces, counted in two different •Urections, give two hexahedral outlines. ':puii,ooy, am-Jil'-o-je,s. Equivocation. / ; PHiMACER, s. In. ancient poetry, afoot three syllables, the middle one short, and the others long. MPiiiPKEusT, am~^'~neiost,&. The amphipneusts are i tribe of reptiles which have both lungs and gills. AiiPHiPOD,flm'-/«-pod,s. One of an order of crustaceous animals, in which subcaudal natatory feet co-exist ^vith sessile eyes. y*. 'iPMiPRosTYLB, am-^p'-ro-s^iZe, s. A temple, or other X '.difice, having a portico or equal number oi columns ;;t each end, and thus presenting two fronts; but with- ■ 'Ut columns at the sides or flanks. A MFHiaBAENA,am-yt5-fe«'-7ia, 8. A genus of insectivorous, iimoxious serpents, found in Africa and America. They iire remarkable for the uniform thicknessof their body, whence they were supposed by the ancients to have two heads, and to move forward from either end with equal t anility. iPHiscii, am-Jis'-se-i, ) s.pl. In^eo^re!Mj/,thein- A MPnisciANs, om-^s'-se-rtns, j habitants of the torrid yone, whose shadows, in one part of the year, are cast to the north, and in the other, to the south. A MPHiTHEATRB,am-/e--hap-ti%f-ih'(il, ) the Anabaptists, or to their doctrines. ^ * Anabapt jsTRV,t an-£i-bap’-tist-re, s. The sect of Ana¬ baptists. ^ ^ AnabaptizEj^ an-&-bap-tiz^ , v.a. To rebaptize. Anabas, an'-A-bas, s. A singular fish of the Perch famUy, common in India, which, it is asserted, not only quits the water, but also climbs trees on the banks of the rivers it Inhabits ; and hence it has obtained the popu¬ lar name of the tree-climber. Anabib azon, an-A-be-baz'-oiiy s. In name given to the northern node of the moon or dragon’s head. ANABRosis,an-d-6ro'*sis,s. A wasting awav of the body. Anaca, arV-a-kA, s. A species of very small pai'oquet. ANAC\MPTic,+ ou-rt-&(7mp'-it7k, a. Reflecting or reflected ; catoptric ; applied to sounds reverberated as an echo. ANACAMPTiCALLV,au-fli-^:flmp'-iiA-ai-^«,ad. By reflection. Aj^acamptics, cin-A-kaynp'-tiks, s. The doctrine of re¬ flected sound ; formerly, the doctrine of reflected light, or that branch of optics now called catoptrics. Anacardium, an-A-kai''-de-um, s. A genus of plants to which belongs the cashew-nut, or marking nut. A.^j^cj^TaKK’nc,an-A-kA-thar'-tik,9i. Throwing upwards; cleansing, by exciting vomiting, expectoration, &c. — s. A medicine which excites discharges by the mouth or iiosc. . . ^ ANACEPHALiEOSis, (i 7 i-A-sef-A-le-o -sts, s. Recapitulation or summary of the heads of a discourse. Anacephalize, an-A-scf-A-lize, v'.a. To recapitulate; to go over the heads of a discourse again. Kvkchoke.t,‘ in-ak’-o-ret, \ s. A hermit: see An- Anachorite, j choret. Anaciioretical, an-A-ko-retf-ik-al, a. Relating to an anachoret, or anclioret. . Anachronism, an-ak'-ro-nizm,s. An error in chronology, by which even‘-s are misplaced in regard to the order of their occurrence. . „ . o .. Anachronistic, aii-ak-ro-uW-tik,z., EiToneous in date ; containing an anachronism. Anaclasis, au-A-kla'-sis, s. In surg., a recurvature of any part, as of a joint or fractured limb. Anaclastic, an-A-klas'-tik, a. Refracting ; breaking the rectilinear course of light.—AnacZastic^Zasses^sonorous glasses or phials, which are flexible, and emit a vehe¬ ment noise by means of the human breath. K.cLA.STiC8,-f aii-A-klas'-tiks, s. That branch of optics which treats of the refraction of light, and which is now cominoniy calicd dioptrics ANACLisis.nn-d-l:i«'-sis,s. AmongtJ/iystoans, the attitude of a sick person in bed, which affords important indi¬ cations in several cases. ^ - A.N ac(enosis, an-A-se-no'-sis, s. A figure of rhetoric, by which a speaker applies to his opponents for their opinion on the point in debate. , An ACOLCTHON , uji-A-ko-lcw'-thoii A grammatical term denoting the want of sequence in a sentence, one of its members not corresponding with the remainder. An.aconda, an-A-kon'-da, s. A name given m Ceylon to a large snake, a species of boa. ^ Anacreontic, A-nak-re-on'-tik, a. Rertaimng to, or in the manner of Anacreon ; devoted to love and wine ; joyous. Annereon was one of the most famous lyric poets of Greece, and flourLshcd about 530 b.c. Theffan- crrontic verse consists of three feet and a half, usually spondees and iambics, but sometimes anapests. - s. A poem composed in the manner of Anacreon. Anade^m, an’-A-dem, ) s. A garland or fillet; a chap- Anademe, j let or crown of flowers. An ^.DiPLosis, an-A-de-ftlo'-sis, s. Duplication, a figure in rhetoric and poetry, consisting in the repetition of the last word or words m a line or clause of a sentence, in the beginning of the next. Anadrom, an’-A-dromy^. A fish that ascends rivers. An ADROMoes,rt-/irt: servant retained in wealthy families, whose ch:- r business was to read to them during meals and suer. other times as they were at leisure. ^ , Anagoge, \ < s. An elevation of mind Ir. Anaoooy ( tilings celestial; the inyst- cal interpretation of Scripture, or the giving oi a more spiritual and elevated translation to its passag; than their literal meaning would convey; also, ti: - application of the types and allegories of the Old T( - tament to subjects of the New.^Anagugy, mpathoLor , is the rejection of blood from the lungs by the mout. •. ANAGOQETiCAL,$an-d-oo-^'e<'-iA-aZ, 1 a. Mysterious; ei ' Anagogical, an-A-go<^'-ik-al, j vaied; spiritual. Axagoqically, an-A-go(^'-ik-al-le, ad. In a mysterioiL* sense; with religion.*-.elevation. ^ Anagoqics, an-A-god^’■ iku, s.pl. Mysterious considers' tions. Anagram, an'-A-gram, ?. The inversion or a transpo^i tion of the letters of a word or sentence, to form a new word or phrBse: thus, Roitia may make aiyicu . and Horatio Nelson may be turned into Honor est a Nii ■ Anagrammatic, la.Makingciii Anagrammatical, an-d-^irrowi-wmr-iJc-Gt, I anagraiii Anagrammatigally, o?wi-prn'-md-itzc, v.n. To make ana grams. Anagraph, an’-A-graf, s. An inventory; acommentary Anal, a’-nal, a. Pertaining to, or lying near the ann •, Analcim ) . is. A white or flesh-colour--! Analcime, ( mineral, a variety of zeoht. . occurring usually in aggregated or cubic ciwstals, ar. i hence sometimes called Oubisite. It is chiefly found ri amygdaloid rocks. By friction, it acquu’cs a weaic electricity ; whence it acquires its name. Analecta, an-A-lek'-tA, Is. A collection of slmrt essay?. AiiAL^CTs, an'-A-lekts, j pieces, remarks, &c.; seleir. extracts from different authors. Analectic, an-A-lek'-tik, a. Selecting; collecting ; com - posed of things selected. . Analemma, an’-A-lem-mA, s. In {geometry, a projection of the sphere on the plane of the meri^an, ortli;* • graphically made by straight lines, cycles, and c.- lipses, the eye being supposed at an infinite distanc'-, and in the east or west points of the horizon; also, nn instrument of wood or brass, on which this kind of projection is di-awn. ^ ^ Analepsis, ffn-d-iep'-si*, Is. Recovery of strengthauf’. Analepst, an-A-lep’-se, j sickness ; also, a species ( f epilfeptic attack, of sudden and frequent occurrence. Analeptic, an-A-lep’-tik, a. Invigorating ; restorative. — s. A medicine which gives strength; a restorative. Analgect, an-al'-je-se, s. Indolence ; apathy. Analogal,± an-a/'-o-yaZ, a. Analogoiw. Analogical, an-A-loaj'-ik-al, a. Having analogy ; u.sc ~ by way of analogy ; bearing some relation to. Analogically, ad. ^ In an analogic",. manner ; by way of similitude, relation, or agreemei; ’ AiiAizoaiCALSEss, an-a-lodJ'-ik-al-ne$, s. The quality ^ r being analogical. . Analogism, A-nal’-o-Jizm, 8. An argument frema t cause to the effect; investigation of things by analogy they bear to each otlwr. Analogist, A-naV-o-Jist, s. One who adheres to analogy Analogize, a-nal’-o-jize, v.a. To explain by analog . to consider a thing with regard to its analogy t i something else. . Analogous, a-nal'-o-gus, a. Having analogy, oeann^ some resemblance or proportion to ; similar. Analogously ,d-noZ'‘-o-ytts-Z«,ad. In an analogous manner Analogue, an'-A-log, s. A word corresponding wr u another; any body which corresponds with, or be; •* great resemblance to, some other body. ANALO&Y [ 43 ] ANATOMIZE ANALOfjT, A-nar-o~je, s. An agreement or likeness be¬ tween thing’s in some circumstances or effects which are otherwise entirely different. In gram., a con- fomity of words to the tfetiius, strueiure. or general iniles of a language. Tn math., a similitude of ratios. .\NAr,Y8i8, d-«ar-e-«s, 8. The factitious separation of a compound body into its constituent parts. the solution of any thing, whether corporeal or Lnielloctual, to its hrst elements; an examination of the different paits of a subject separately; a syllabus, or table of the principal heads of a continued discourse, disposed in their natural order; a brief, methodical illustration of the principles of a science.—In chem., the resolution or decomposition of a compound body to its simpler or elementary constituents. If to the aimpler, the analysis is termed proximate , but if to the elementary constituents, it is said to be ultimate. When merely the number and nature of the component parts are ascertained, it is termed qualitative analysis; but when their proportions also are determined, the analysis is q'\tantitatt,ve .— In math., the resolving of problems by algebraical equations. The analysis of finite quantities constitutes algebra, or specious*arith- mecic ; and that of infinite quantities constitutes the method of fluxions, or differential calculus. Analysis of powers is evolution. VnALYST, an-h-lisi , s. An analyzer; one versed in analysis. .Vnalytic, on-A-Zii'-tA, la. Pertaining to analysis; Analytical, an-&-litf-ik-al, / that separates into parts, or orif'inal principles; that has been obtained by analysis: it is opposed to synthetic. Analytically, rtn-d-Ztf'-t/s-aZ-Ze, ad. In the manner of analysis. Analytics, a7i-A-lif~ik8, s.pl. The science of analysis ; algebra. •Analyzable, an-d-Hze'-A-bl, a. That can be analyzed. ANAtYZABLENEss,rtM-d-/t3e'-d-JZ-nes,8. The state of being analyzable. Analyze, an'-A-lize, y.a. To resolve a compound body into its simpler or elementary constituents, for the purpose of detennining their number and nature, and, sometimes, the relative quantity of each; to se parate any compound subject iii,to its pai'ts or proposi¬ tions, for the purpose of examining each separately .Analyzed, an'-A-Hzd, pp. of the verb to analyze. .Analyzer, an'-A-lize-er, s. One who analyzes; that which analfzes, or has the power to analyze. .Anamnesis, 8. A figure in rhetoric Yrhith calls to remembrance something omitted. Anamnestic, an-am-nes^-tik, a. That aids the memory. — s. A medicine to help the memory. Anamorphosis, a7i-a-morf-o-sis, or an-A-morf-o'-sis, s. In perspective drawing, a deformed or distorted por¬ trait or figure, which, in one point of view, is con¬ fused or unintelligible, and, in another, is an exact and regular representation ; or confused to the naked eye, but reflected from a plane or curved mirror ap¬ pearing regular and in right proportion.—In bot., an unusual cellular development m any part of a plant. Ananas, d-ndy,the other describing and comparing the struc¬ ture of other animals Vegetable anatomy is usually called phytotorny.) The act of dividing any thing, cor¬ poreal or intellectual,for the purpose of examining its parts, t the body stripped of its integuments and muscles, a skeleton. Iro7iically, a. mesL^re person. ANATREPTic,an-«-«rep'-iiA,a. Overthrowmg; defeating. Anatron, an'-d-iron, 8 Soda, spume, or glass gall, a scum which rises upon melted glass in the furnace ; the salt which collects on the walls of vaults. Anatropocs, A-naf -ro-pus, a. In hot., is applied to a seed in which the embryo is inverted, so that its base corresponds to the apex of the seed. Anbury, an'-bew-re, s. Same as Ambdry , q.v. ; also, a sort of gall produced by insects on the roots of turnips, cabbages, &c. ANCEPs,a7i'-sep3,a. In 6o«., two-edged, having two sharp edges, as a leef or stem. Ancestor, an'-ses-tety s. One from whom a person has descended, either by the father or mother, at any dis¬ tance of time; a forefather. Ancestorial, an-ses-to'-re-al, a. Ancestral. Ancestral, an-ses'-tral, a. Relating or belonging to an¬ cestors ; claimed or descending from ancestors. Ance.stress, ati'-ses-tres, s. A female ancestor. Ancestry, an'-ses-tre, s. A series of ancestors or pro¬ genitors ; Uneage, or those who compose the line of natural descent; honourable descent; birth. Anchkntry, ayn’-ehent~re. See Ancientry. Anchilops, an1 ose, 1 a. “Winding; full of Anfractuous, an-frak'-tew-us, J windingsandtumin'^s. AyFRACTvosiTT, an-frak-tew-os-e-te, Is. A statem Anfractuousness, an-/rfl/;'-^eMJ-it5-ne5, / being full of windings and turnings. Anfracture, an-frakt'-yur. s. A mazy winding. NGARiATioN,rtn-^d-r«-a'-«/mn,s. Compulsion;exertion. Angeiotomt, an-ie-ot'-o-me, s. See Angiotomt. Angel, ayn'-jel, s. Literally, a messenger; appropriately, a spirit, or a spiritual, intelligent being, employed by God to communicate his will to man. In a had sense an evil spirit. Figuratively, a very beautiful woman ; a person of rare excellence and piety ; also, a word of endearment. In mtmis., a gold coin formerly current in Eng land ,bearing the figure of an angel, worth about 105. In tcA..the popular name of a small fish of the genus chcetodon, remarkable for its beautiful colours. — a. Resembling angels ; angelic. ANGEL-AGE,ayn'-jei-aje,s. The existence orstate of angels. Anoel-bbd, ayn'-jel-bed, s. An open bed without posts. JiSQEL-Fisa,ayn'-jel-^sh,s. Aspeciesofshark ; sonaraed from its pectoral fins, wiiich are very large, and extend horizontally, like wings. Angelic, an-jeV-ik, 1 a. Resembling angels; belong- Anqblical, ) ing to angels, or partaking of their nature; suiting the nature and dignity of angels. A naF\.{CK,an-jel-e-kd, s. A well-known herb, being com¬ mon incur gardens,used in confectionery andmediciae. NGELiriLLT,an-;er-»A-aM«f, ad. Like an angel. Angelicalness, an-jW'-tA-aZ-ne5,s. The quality of being angelic ; excellence more than human. Angel-like, a. Resembling angels. Anoelologt, ayn-jel-ol'-o-je, s. The doctrine of angelic beings ; a discourse on angels. A.NGELOT. an'-je-lot, s. An instrument of music, some¬ what like a lute ; an ancient English gold coin, worth about 05.; a small, rich cheese, made in Normandy. Angel-shot, ayn'-jel-shot, s. Chain-shot, being two halves of a cannon ball fastened to the ends of a chain. ANGEL-\vATER,ayn'-^g/-W'aM;-ier, s. A perfume made in Poitugal,consisting ofrose, orange-flower, and myrtle water, scented with musk and ambergris. Anger, ang'-yf'r, s. A violent passion of the mind, ex¬ cited by a real or supposed iiij ury; resentment; indigna¬ tion ; displeasure ; tpain or smart of a sore or swelling — v.a. To provoke; to make angry ; to make painful. Angered, ang'-gerd, pp. of the verb to anger. Angerly, ang'-ger-le, ad. In an angry manner. Angrrness,$ ang'-ger-nes, s. The state of being angry. Angina, an-ji'-nd, s. A general name for all inflammatory affections of the throat.— Angina Fectorts, a contrac¬ tion or tightening of the chest, occasioning great pain Angiocarpous, an-je-o-kar'-pus, a. In hot.,fxT\ epithe/ applied to seed-vessels which are enclosed within a covering that does not form a part of the fruit itself, as the filbert, acorn, &c. Angiography, an-je-og'-rd-fe, s. A description of the vessels of the human body. Angiologt, «n-ye-or-o-jc, 8. A treatise or discourse on the vessels of the human body, as the arteries,veins, &c. ANGi0M0N0SPERM0us,on'-je-0-w07i-0-sperMi'-U5,a. In oof., producing one seed only in a seed-pod. Angioscope, an'-je-o-skope, s. An instrument for ex¬ amining the capillary vessels of a body. Anqiosperm, an'-je-o-sperm, s. In hot., a plant which has its seeds enclosed in a pericarp. Angiospermia, an->e-o-spm/r-e-d, s. In 6of.,the name of the second order of the class Bidynamia, in Lin¬ naeus’s sexual system, Anqiospermous, an-jf-o-sperm'-us, a. In bot., having seeds enclosed in a pod or other pericarp. Angiotomist, an-je-otf-o-mist, s. A person skilled In angiotomy. Angiotomy, an-je-otf-o-me, s. The art and practice of opening or dissecting the veins, arteries, or other vessels, of the human body. Angle, ayxg'-gl, s. The point where two lines meet, or the meeting of two Imes in a point; a corner; the space comprised between two straight lines that meet in a point; or the quantity by which two straight lines, departing from a point, diverge from each other. The point of meeting is called the vertex of the angle, or the angular point, and the lines containing the angle are termed its sides or legs. — 8. A hook; an instrument to take fish, consisting of a rod, a line, and a hook; one easily enticed ; a gull. — v.a. or n. To fish for; to try to gam by some bait or insinuation. — v.n. To fish with an angle. Angled, ang'-gld, a. Having angles. Angler, ang'-gler, s. One that fishes with an angle, or hook attached to a line; also, a fish, a species of Lo- phius, otherwise called the Sea-devil and Fishing-frog. Angle-rod, rtuy'-yZ-rodjS. The rod or pole to which a line and hook are fastened. Angles, ang'-glz, s.pl. An ancient people of Germany who mvaded England and gave their name to the country and its inhabitants. Anglesite, ang'-gle-site, s. In min., native sulphate of lead; so named from the Island of Anglesea, where It occurs in white or yellowish prismatic crystals semi-transparent, with a glassy or adamantine lustre. Anglic, ang'-glik, I a. English ; pertaining to Eng- Anglican, j land or the EngUsh nation Anglican, s. A member of the English Church. Anglice, ang'-gle-se. (Lat.) In English; in the English manner. Anglicism, ayig'-gle-sizm, s. An EngUsh idiom : a form of language peculiar to the English. Anglicize, v.a. To make EngUsh; to render conformable to the English idiom. Anglicized, ang'-^le-slzd, pp. of the verb to anglicize. Angling, ayig'-ghng, s. The art or practice of fisliing with a rod and Une. ® Ano ^-KTaFRiCA.s,ang'-glo-&-mh-'-e-kan,s. A descendant from English ancestors bom in America. — a. Pertauung to the descendants of EugUshmen in America, but more particularly in the Uiuted States anglo-danish [ 45 ANISETTE aholo-danish, cuig -o^o-da'-n%sh, a. Pertaining to the ^Eno-lish Banes, or the Danes who settled in England. ANGLO-NORMAN, ang'-glo-nor'-mau s. An English ^or- man , the lanffuage of the English Normans, n Pertaining to the Normans who settled iiiEngland. Anglo-Saxon, 8. An English Saxon; the language of the English Saxons. . , j — a. Pertaining to the Saxons who settled in England. Anoobeu, ffn/-!7o-6er, a. A kind of pear. AnooL-pex,™V-«/«.s. Aplant,aspcciesof(7!/<.SKs; it is also called the pipeon-peo. . Angor, ang'-yor, s. Intense bodily pam; p.an from a ^Trniind , the retiring of the native bodily heat to the centre, occasioning headache, palpitation, and sadness. a“ostob.., an-gos-tti'-rit, s. In commerce, a medicinal bark, so called because chiefly imported from the town of liiat name in South America. AnoreDj^ i nng'-gerd, pp. of the verb to anger. ANGRiLt.’imp'-pre-ie, ad, In an angry manner. , ASGBV, an/-gre, a. Feeling resentment; provokea; imitated; mdignant; wrathful; showing anger; caused by anger; inflamed, as a sore; red; manifesting in¬ flammation; tumultuous; raging. j* Akpsana ana-sa’-nA,\s. A red gum of the East Indies, ANGlt?^« like tha“t of dragon’s blood ^•GO,onV-?». s. Bread made of the cassada, a plant of the West Indies. ^ Anguifer, ang'-gwe-fer. s. In asf,, see Serfentarius ^ Anguigenous, -en*wS) a. Producing serpents; a. In the form of an eel, or of a sei-pent; resembling an eel oi serpent. ANGriLLoiD, an'-gwil-loyd, a. Shaped like an eel. ANGomEAL.’an-pllin'-r-«i.a. Pertaining to, or resem- AuGSfsH,"an^-pwfsA, s. Extreme pain of body or mind. _ V a To distress with extreme pain or grief. Ang DISHED, ang'-gwisht, pp. or a. Extremely pained; tortured; deeply distressed. Angddar ang'-gew-lar, a. Having angles or corners ; pointed , consisting of an angle; forming an angle. AnGvi-KKiTi, atig-geio-lar'-e-te, 1 s. The quahty ofbeuio Angclarness, a?i^-^ew-Zar-nes, I angular. Angglarlx , ad. A\ith angles or corners. Anqolatei), ang'~gev}~la-tedy a. Formed with angles. ANoDLiFERons, ang-gew-Uf -er-us, a. In conchalogy, ap¬ plied to shells which have the last whorl angulated. Anodlositt, ang-gew-los'-e-te, s. Angularity. Anoulods, ang’-gew-lus, a. Angular; hooked. AxGDST.t an-gusf, a. Narrow ; strait. . AnLstIte, h-gtlsf-ate, a. Narrow; tapering down¬ wards, or towards the base ; diminishing m brcaath. Anoustation, an-gust-a'-shun^ s. The act of maliing narrow; a straitening, or being made nan’ow. Angusticlave, aji-aust-e-klnve, s. In antiqmtg, a or tunic embroidered with narrow ^rple studB or knobs, or by purple stripes, worn by the Roman knights. Anoustifoliatb, an-gust-e-fo -le-ate,) a. Angcstifolious, an-gust-e-fo -le~iis, j row-1 .aved. s^Th”ss of breath; .U treath; panting; ANHiM?.^»'-Te-md!?.‘'ASaquatic fowl of Brazh, some- Asnyvl'^l^m’’^he-drite,s. Anhydrous gypsum, a spe- cies of sulphate of lime, of several varyjties. Anhydrous, a. Destitute of water. ANiENTED,tim-e-OTr-nl,a.Fmstrated;broughttonaughh AKiGHT,d-m» ~~J .. vy. V**,* CVJ UJlCUUai. Anker, 071/:-er, 8. A measure of liquids, chiefly used in Holland. It contains about 8^ imperial gallons. mineral consisting of the carbonates of lime, iron, and magnesia. Ankle, s. The joint which connects the foot witn tne leg. Ankle-bone, aiik'-kl-bone, 8, The bone of the ankle, ^ankje^’ ^ little ankle ; an ornament forthe Anuce ,t an'-lase, s. A kind of dagger shapedlikea scythe Ann, an, i s. In Scotch low, the right of the exe- ”” ~nat, I cutors of a deceased clergyman to a half-year’s revenue of liis benefice. Annal, an'-nalj s. In the Romish Church, a mass said for a person, living or deceased, either every day in the year, or on a particular day every year. Annalist, an'-nal-ist, s. A vrriter of annals, Annalize,+ an'-nal-ize,y.&. To record; to write annals Annals, an'-nalz, s.pl. A history digested in order of toe, or a relation of events in chronologicai order the books containing annals. Annats, a;P-na(s, s.pl. First-fruits, or a year's income of a spiritual living. Anneal, on-n.et' v.a. To heat to a high degree, as glass or meW, and then cool very slowly, for the purpose of rendering it less brittle, or to fix colours ; to temper bv heat i to bake, as tiles. ■' &,NNBALED, an-neeld', pp. of the verb to anneal. Annealing, an-iiec;'-mp,s. The art or process of apnlyin"- heat to remove bnttleness from metals, glass &c Annbctant, an-nekf-ant, a. Connecting T annexing Annelids, an'-ne-lidz, \ s.pl. Names given to a di- Annblidans, nii-n«J'-e-donE, ( vision of the artimltUa Annelioa, an-nel -e-dA, ( or articulate animals’ ' comprising the common earth-worm, and the various allied animals ANNEx^an-nesf, y.a. To unite to at the end ; to subjoin ■ to affix 1 to unite, as a smaller thing to a greater; to connect with. - y.n. To join ; to be united — $s. The thing annexed. Annexation, an-nex-a'-simn s. The act of annexing • conjunction; addition ; union. , Annexed, an-ncri'. pp. of the verb to annex. ANNExi 0 N,t on-ncA' sAu;i, s. Anne.xation ; addition Annexment, oii-iMw'-mcnt.s. The act of annexiim ■ the thing annexed. ” ’ Ann IHILABLE, a.n-nf-he-lA-bl,a.. Tha t mav be anniliilated Annih ILATB, an-m'-Ae-Znte, v.a. To reduce to notliing • todestroytheexistenceof; to annul, — a. Annihilated’ Annihilation, an-»ij-A«-lrt'-sAun, s. The act of destroy ‘"',1*’.'■'“‘^“‘‘’8 nothing 01 non-existence; the State of being reduced to nothing. Anniversarily, an~ue-vers'-d~r«~le, ad. Annually AaXniversary, an-ne-vers'-i\-re,a. Returning with the year, at a stated time; annual; ycai’ly. — s. A stated day, retuniing with the revolution of the year; a day on which some remarkable event is an¬ nually celebrated; the act of celebration; an annual penor-mance in honour of some remarkable event. AnniversEjJ an'-ne-vers, 8. Anniversary. Anno domini, an'-no dorn'-e-ni. (Lat.) In the vear of our Ijord, noting the time from our Savioui'’s incarna¬ tion, Anno Domini, or A.D. 1855. Annoisance,^ ati-noj/ satw, s. A nuisance. Annomination, an-notn-in-a'-shun, s. A pun- the use of words nearly alike in sound, but of different mean- mgs ; a paronomasia ; alliteration. AKNOMT7NDi,a»i'-nomMn'-d*.(L.) In the yearofthe world. AKkona, nn-no ‘7iA, s. A year’s production or increase; Hence, proTifiions; an ancient Roman tax, payable in cceTi. In M.jthe custard-apple, iee Anona. i^.a. To make annotations; Annotate, an'-no-tate, v.a comment. Annotation, an-no-ta'-shwiy s. An explanation of the difficult passages of an author by way of notes; the hrst symptoms of a fever> or attack of a paroxysm- Annotator, -no-ta-ter, s. A wi-iter of annotations, a commentator ; a scholiast. ’ ANN0TAT0RY,an-7m'-id-«&-r€,a. Containing annotations. Annotinous, an-notf-e-7iu^, a. In bot., a year old Annotta, aii-fiotf-td, I o . ^ Annotto, an-nof-to, ] ®' Anotta. Annocnce, a7i.now7is', v.a. To publish ; to proclaim: to make known ; to pronounce; to declare judicially Announced, a^i-nownst', pp. of the verb to aiiyunmce. Announcement, an-7iow7is'-me7it, s. The act of giving notice ; proclamation ; publication , an advertisement "^^10 announces, or gives notice ; a proclaimer ; a declarer. incommode, or disturb, by con tmued or repeated acts , to tease, to vex ; to molest, ■ts. injury ; molestation ; inconvenience “’‘-“S''-®**! 8- That whicli annoys, or in jures; the act of annoying; the state of being annoyed Annoyed, an-jiopd', pp. of the verb to annoy “ ^ Annoter, an-noy'-er, s. One that annoys. ANNOTFDL.j: nn-noy’ /di, a. Giving trouble , molesting T‘-oublesome;’iSiomS- Annotous, i an-7ioj/'-ws, j ing , hui-ting , moiestin" that comes every year; renown ^bar or season , that requires to be renewed every year; perfoi-med in a year s. A plant that lives but one year, or rather but one summer; a book published yearly, but appronriatelv gravings^^™* compositions and efegant en- Annhally an'-neto-al-le, ad. Yearly; every year Annuary.J an-»iew.di-re, a. Annual; yearly • applied to the muscles A *bat assist m bending the head forwards, as in nodding. 8. One who receives or is entitled to leceive an annuity. 8. A sum of money, payable yeaily.for a pven number of years, for life, or forever nullify, to abro- gate , to abolish ; to reduce to nothing; to destroy an -new-lar, a. Having thAform of a rmg- pertmnmg to a ring.— Annular eclipse,an eclipse of tne sun m which the moon obscures its entire disc ex- cept a bright ring round the border. ’ .toNULARLv, an'-new-lar-le, ad. In an annularmanner Annulary, an -new-lh-re, a. Having the form of a rin.. Annulate, an -nmo-late, 1 a. Formed or divided into Annulated, an -new-la-ted, / rings , marked with dis- A aimulations ; havmg belts; surrounded by ringu. Ann uLATlbN , an-new-la -s/mn, s. A circular or ring-iiie formation ; a ring or belt. Annulet, an'-ncM>-7e(,s. A little ring. In arch., a small square member in the Doric capital, under the quaner ^ naiTow, flat moulding ; a fillet. In her a little cu-cle, borne as a charge in coats of arms. ’ Annulled, an-nul » ^lnnonL%7’ T-a- To bring tiding, ; to ANNuNei4TioN,an-mm-i«-a'-shMn, 8. An announcing- a proclamation ; a promulgation ; the tidings brou..fi by the aagel to Mary, of the incaiTiation oi Christ — ® celebrated by the chm-ch on the -5th of March, in commemoration of the an¬ gel s salutation of the blessed Virgin; it U also com¬ monly called Lady-day The Jews give this name to a paxi of the ceremony of the passover Oof who announces ‘*>.8- -A- wild and fierce ruminating animal herds, the rocky mountains oi the island of glebes. It is about the size of a sheen and apparently'' intermediate in structnre between tif* antelopes and the ox or bovine graiS/^ oet^een the ANODE [ 47 ] ANTAEOTIO A«ODB, an'-Bdt ,». In eiearo-chemutry, the way by which the electric current enters substances through which It passes ; it is opposed to cathode, the way by which it goes out, and ijs equivalent to positive pole. ANODTNE,rtn'-o-dme,s. Any medicine which allay s pain. _ a. That lias tlie power of assuaging pain. Anooynocs, an'-o-di~nus, a. Having the qualities of an anodyne. . Anoint, i-noynf, v.a. To smear or rub over with oil or unctuous substances; to rub or daub ; to consecrate by unction, or the use of oil, to prepare. An' INTED, A-anynf-ed, s. The Messiah, or Son of God, e nphatically called The Lord’s anointed. Anointer, s. One who anoints. Anointing, u-noytif -iny, 1 s. The act of anointing. Anointment, (i-noynf-merit, ) or state of being anointed. Anolis, an'-o-lis, s. A genus of American Saurians or lizard.s, of the Iguana family, remarkable for their brilliant and varying colours, and for the power they have of inflating the skin of the throat. ANOMALiPED.d nom'-al-e-ped, i A. In ornif/i., having the AnOM cLipuD, d.-noni'-ol-e-pod, j middle toe united to the outer by three phalanges, and to the inner by one only. — s An anomalous tooted fowl. ANOMALisM,sition of English words, especially in words from the ^^n and Greek languages. It signifies before in place, m front; hence, opposite,contrary ; and,figuratively before in time. The hatin mite is generally used in the sense Q( before, either in place or time, and the Greek «nft in that of contrary to, or tn the place of. — s. In /icr.jrtnfe.lFTu'jtes that the pieces are let into one another, in tlie lu.^nner tliere expressed, as by dove- tails, rounds, swallow-tails, &c. In arch., see Anta Anteact, an'-te s. A preceding act. Anteal, an'-te~ol. a. Being before or in front. Ant-eater, ’6The popular name of the 3/flms, or pangolm, a genus of quadrupeds that feed on ants! ana which per. am to the Eastern continent. Ante belldm, an'-U beV-lum. (Lat.) Before the war. Antecedaneous, an - te ~ se - d (^- ne-usy a. Antecedent ; pre¬ ceding m time. Antbcede, an~te-se£d', v.a. To go before ; to precede. ^tecbdence, an-U sced’-ens, \ s. The act or state of .lNTECEpENCY,n»-^t•s^^>rf'-en-se, / going before in time ; precedence. In astr., an apparent motion of a planet towards the west. or contrary to the order of the signs Antecedent, an-ie-Ave J 3 Antepredicament, an-^e-pre-dt*'-d-»7ien^, 8. Inloaic a preliminary question to illustrate the doctrine of pre¬ dicaments and categories. Anterior, an-te'-re-er, a. Before in time or place; in ii’ont; prior; antecedent; previous. Antehioritt, an-te-re-or'-e-te, s. The state of beinit anterior, preceding, or in front; priority. Anteroom, an'-tearoom, s. A room leading into a prin¬ cipal apartment. ^ Antes, an -ieea, i s.pl. Innncien^arcii.,pilastersorsquare Antr!, an -te, ) projections attached to a wall, and usuaUy serving to support the front of a building A^estature, an-te-staf-yiir, s. In fort., a smaU in- treiichment formed of palisades, sacks of earth, &c. Antestomach, an-te-stum'-ak, s. A cavity which lead, into the stomach, as the crop in birds. Anteteiicple 4 ^ an'-te-tem-pl , s. The nave in a church Antbvert,? an-te-verf, v.a. To prevent. Anthelix, ant-h^-lix, s. See Antihelix. Anthelmintic, a. Good against worms “S. A remedy for worms. Anthem, an'-them, s. A hymn sung in alternate parts. any sacred tune, or piece of music set to words. ad. In the manner of an anthem; alternately. Anthemis, an'-the-mts, s. The Chamomile, a genus of composite plants. ^ oCAiua ui S; .The summit or top of the stamen of a flower, containing the pollen or fertilizing dust. .^'THERAL, an -ther-al, a. Pertaining to anthers AnTJiER.jivsT, an'-ther-dust, s. The pollen of an anther Antheriferous, an-ther-if-er-us,SL. Producinga^herL* ANTHERoaENou8,fln-fA«r-oc{?''-c-nMs, a. Applied to double hoS‘e’'pem2:"’'^ be’comt’?onvened°h«o Aotheroid, an’-ther-oyd, a. Resembling an anther Anthesis an-the'-sis, s. That state of mfloresMiice in which the flo'vershavearrivedattheirfullexpansion ANTHESTiRipN, an-thcs-td-rt-on, s. The si.vth raoiith of and ^eilmber^^-''’'' to a part of NoveuOicr ante,’for‘S ‘ t- An animal that Uves on Havlngaheadih Anthodidm, an-tho'-de-um. s. In bot.. the infloreseene, or common calyx of a compound flower “““tescenM tlmtogy'!'^''’ a. Reiating to an- ■^flowere°’'a ToUMrinn"’*„’f ^ discourse or treatise on uoweis , a cohecDon of flowers ; Jig a collection or ANTHOLITE [ 49 ] ANTICLT A-Ntholitb, an’'^tho4\Uf s. A species of fossil plant, found in the coal formation, which has the appear¬ ance of inflorescence. ANTHOLY8is,an-earing at its apex the petals, stamens, and pistil. ANTHOPaYLLiTK, an-thof -U-Ute, s. A mineral of the hornblende family, usually massive, of a yellowish- grey colour, and having a shining, pearly lustre. Antiioph YLLiTic, an-thof-il-lit'-iky a. Pertaining to an- thophyllite, or containing it. Anthorism, an*-tho-rizm, s. In rhet.y a description or definition contrary to that given bj^the adverse party. Anthracite, rtn'-fArd-siie, s. A species of coal consisting almost wholly of carbon. It burns without smell or smoke, and with intense heat, but is difficult to kindle. ANTHRACiTic,aw-iAra-stf'-*7;,a. Pertaining to antliracite. Anthracolite, a7»-iA7*aA'-o-/iftf, s. Same as Anthracite. ANTHRACOTHEaiuM,an-iAM-/:o-iAe'-r6-M7n, s. An extinct f enus of pachydermatous animals, thus named {coal- east) because their fossil remains were fti'st met with in tertiary lignite, or brown coal. Several species have b(»n discovered, some of the size and appearance af the hog, and others, of the hippopotamus. Anthrax, an'-thrax, s. A carbuncle ; a malignant ulcer, with intense burning. Among the ancients, a gem. Anthropoglot, an-throp'-9-gloty s. An animal which has a tongue resembling that of a man, as the parrot. Anthropography, an-thro-pog'-ra-fe, s. A description of man, or the human race; or of the distribution of our race in respect to situation, language, customs, &c. Anthropolitb, rtu-f/irop-o-Zti!e, 8. A petrifaction of the human body or skeleton, or of parts of the body. Anthropological, an-thro-po-lo^'-ik-al, a. Pertaining to anthropology. Anthropologist, an-«Aro-por-o-yi>«, 8. One versed in the pnysical history of man, or the human body. Anthropology, an-thro-poV-o-jCy s. A discourse upon human nature; the natuj*al liistory or physiology of the human species. Anthropomanct, an'-thro-po-man-se,^. Divination by inspecting the entrails of a human being. Anthropomorphism, an-iAro-po-mor/'-izm,8. The heresy of the anthropomorphites. Anthropomorphist^ an-thro-po-morf'-ist, 8. One who believes in the'existence of deity in a human form, as the ancient Greeks. Anthropomorph ir-Ryan-thro-po-morf'-ite, s. One who be¬ lieves that God has a human form, human passions, «&c. A sect of ancient heretics are called anthropomorphites. Anthropomorphitic, an-thro-po-morf-itf-iky a. Accord¬ ing to the doctrines of the anthropomorphites. Anthropomorphitism, an-thro-po-morf -it-izm, 8. The doctrines of anthropomorphites. Anthropomorphotjs, an-thro-po-morf- us, a. Having a fonn resembling that of man. Anthropopathicxl, an-thro-po-path'-ik-al, a. Subject to human passions. Anthropopathicallv, an-fAro-po-pafA'-»^-al-lc, ad. As though possessed of human passions. Anthropopathy, an-thro-pojj -d,-the,^. The affections of man, or the application of human passions to God. ANTHROPOPHAOl,a7^-^^ro-po/’-d-Jt,s.pl. Man-eaters;can¬ nibals ; men that eat human flesh. Anthropophagous, an-thro-pof-A-gus, a. Feeding on human flesh. Anthropophagy, an-f/iro-po/'-d-:^«, 8. Cannibalism. Anthroposcopy, an-thro-pos'-ko-pe, s. The art of dis¬ covering or judging of a man’s character, passions,and toclinations from the lineaments of his body. Anthroposophy, an-thro-pos*-o-fe, s. Knowledge of the nature of man, of his structure and functions. Anthropotomy, an-thro-pof-o-mey 8. The anatomy or dissection of the human body. Anthypnotic, ant-hip-notf-ik, a. See Antihtpnotic. Anthypochondriac, ant-hip-o-kon^-re-ak. See Anti- hypochokdriac. Anthypophora, ant-he-pof -o-r&. See Antihtpophora Anthystbric, ani-Ais-itfr'-ii. See Antihysteric. Akti, an'-te. A Greek preposition, much used in com]po- sition with words derived from that lang^iage; it sig- niAes a^aimt,oppositey contrary, or inplace o/.(^«eANTB.) AJ»‘n\ciD, an'-U-af-id, s See Antacid Antiad£8,+ an-ti'-&-deez, s.pl. In anat., the tonsils. Antiarine, an'-te-&-reen, s. The active principle of the upas poison, derived from the tree Andaris toxicaria. ANTiARMiNiAN,on-t«-or-m*n'-«-an,8. One who opposes Arminianism. Antiarthritic, an-te-ar-thrif-ik, a. Counteracting or alleviating the gout. — s. A remedy for tlie gout. Antiasthmatic, an-te-ast-maf-ik, a. Good against asthma. — s. A remedy for the asthma. Anti-attrition, an-te-at-trish*-un, s. A compound of plumbago and some oily -substance, applied to machinery to prevent the effects of friction. Antibacchius, an-te-bak'-ke-uSy s. In poetry, a foot of three syllables, the first two long, and the last short. Antibabilican, an-te-ba-ziV-ik-an, a. Opposed to royal state and magnificence. Antibilious, an-c«-6ir-yw«, a. Counteractive of bilious complaints. Antibrachial, an-te-brak'-e-al, a. Belonging to th?) antibrachium, or forearm. Antic, an'-tik, a. Odd ; fanciful; whimsical. — 8. A buffoon^ or merry Andrew; one that practises odd gesticulations ; odd appearance ; fantastic figure — tv.a. To make antics; to play the buffoon. Anticachectic, an-te-ka-kek*-tik, a. Curing, or tending to cure, an Ul habit of the constitution. — 8. A medicine that tends to correct an ill habit of body. Anticalvinist, an-te-kaV-vin-ist, s. One who is opposed to Calvinism. Anticalvinistic, an-te-kal-vin-isif-ik, a. Opposed to Calvinism. Anticardium, an-te-kar'-de-um, s. The pit of the sto¬ mach, or scrobiculus cordis. Anticatarrhal, an-te-kd-tar'-al, a. Good against ca¬ tarrh. — 8. A remedy for catarrh. A.NTicA.uBOTic,an-te-kaw-sot'-ik,a,. Goodagainst aburn- ing fever. — s. A remedy for a burning fever. Antichamber, an'-te-tshame-ber, s. See Antechamber. Antichrist, an'-te-krlst, s. Among ecclesiastical roriters, the man of sin, or great adversary of Christianity, who is to appear upon the earth towards the end of the world. In a more aeneral sense, any one who denies Christ, or opposes Christianity. Antichristian^ an-te-krisf -yan, a. Pertaining to Anti¬ christ ; opposite to, or opposing the Christian religion. — 8. A follower of Antichrist; an enemy to Christianity. Antichribtianism, an-te-krist'-yan-izm , \ s. Opposition Antichbistianity, an-te-krist-yan -e-te, ] orcontrariety to the Christian religion. Antichristianize, an-te-krist*-yan-ize, y.a. To seduce from Christianity. Antichronical, ofi-te-kron'-ik-al, a. Deviating from the proper order of time; erroneously dated. Antichronically, an-te-kron'-ik-al-le, ad. In an anti- chronical manner, Antichbonism, an-tik'-ro-nizm, 3 Deviation from the true order, or account of time. Anticipant, an-tis'-e-pant, a. Anticipating; applied in medicine to an attack of a periodic disease earlier than its wonted return, or to the paroxysm of a fever, &c., recurring at a shorter interval than the preceding. Anticipate, a7i-tis'-e-pate, v.a. To take or act before another; to prevent; to take first possession; to pre¬ clude ; to take before the proper time; to enjoy in ex¬ pectation ; to foretaste; to have a previous view or impression of something future; to preconceive; to foresee; to provide against; to prepare in readineai for the coming of; to expect. ANTiqiPATELY4 an-H^-e-patc-le, ad. By anticipation. Anticipation, an-tis-e-pa'-shun, s. The act of auticipal • ing ; foretaste j prevention ; preclusion; preconcep tion; expectation; provision against. In med., th*? attack of a fever before the usual time. In mu«.,th!» obstruction of a chord upon a syncopated note, to which it forms a discord. Anticipativb, an la. Containing antic!- Anticipatory, an-tit'-e-pa-to-re, j pation ; taking befori^ the time. Anticipator, an-ti/-e-pa-ter, s. One who anticipates. Anticlimax, an-te-kli'-max, s. A sentence in which the ideas become less important at the close. Anticlinal, an-te-kli'-nai , a. Inclining in opposite di¬ rections. The anticlvuil line or axii, in geol., is the liu* from which the strata dip in opposite directions. Antichnic, an-te-klin'-ik, la. In geol., see Anti- Anticlinical, an-te-klin*-ik-al, / clinal. Anticlt, an’-tik-le, ad. In an antic manner; with odd postures and gesticulations; with fanciful appearance antiomase; [ 50 ] ANTIPAEALYTIO JiNTicuASK, an'-tik-m'dikt 8. A mask of antics. ANTICOW8TITTTTIONA.L, on-te-kon-ste-tev/shun-al, a. Op¬ posed to or ai^ainst the constitution. Anticonstitutionalist, One opposed to the constitution. ANTicoNTAoioNisT,a7t-<»''/coa-ifi'-_;'Mn-ifii,8. One who op¬ poses the doctrine of coutaj^iou. Anticontaoious, an-te~kon-t^-jus. a. Opposing or de¬ stroying contagion. Anticon VUL8IVB, ana. Good against con- Tulsions Anticor, an’-te-kor, s. A swelling in a horse’s chest, opposite the heart. Antioosmktic, an-te-koz-mef-ik, a. Iniurious to beauty. — 8. Any preparation which injures beauty. Anticourt4 te-koart, a. In opposition to the court. —•+ 8. The approach to the principal court of the house. Anticourtier, an-te-koarf yer, s. One who opposes the court, or the measures of administration. Anticous, 071'-te-kus, a In hot., turned inward towards the axis, applied to anthers, it denotes that the line of dehiscence is towards the pistil. Antidemocratic, i a. AdTerae ANTii)E>iocRATiCAL,an-i<-ochondriac affections. —s.A remedy lor hypochondriac affections and low spirits. ANTiHTPOPHoaA,a»»-<«-A«-po/-o-r«,s. Inr/i€sy. Antiloorrithm, Am, s. The number which a logarithm represents; also, the complement of the logarithm of any sine, tangent, or secant, or its differ¬ ence from one of 90 degrees. Antilogy, an til'-o-Je, a. A contradiction between any words or passages in an author. AntiloimiCj afx-te-lov'-mikyfi. Pertaining to remedlies Of preservatives against the plague. ANTiL0iaoi8terial,$ an-U-md-jis-te'-re-^y i a. Opposed Antimaoi8trical4 an-te-mA-jW-trik-aly ) to the oflB.ce of tnagi-stratcs. Antimaniac, ati-te-me^-ne-ak, 1 a. Counteracting or ANTiMAWiACAL,a7»'i«-»t«-n*'-aA;-ai, | curing madness. Antimask, an'-te-mdsk, s. A lesser mask, in distinction from the principal or main mask. Anti masonic, -tA,a. Opposed to fneemasonry. Antimbtabole, s. In rhetoric, a set¬ ting of two things in opposition to each other. AntimetATHB8I8, an-te-fn4-tath'-e-si$, s. In rhetoric, an inversion of the parts or members of an antithesis. Antimeter, ati-tim' -e-ter, s. An optica) instrument for measuring angles with precision. ANTiMBTRiCAL,an- Contrary to the rules of metre, or verse. Antiministerial, an-te-niin-is-te'-re-al, a. Opposed to the ministry, or present administration of government. Antiministerialist, •an- a. Pertaining to Antiphrastical, a7i-te-fra^~tik-al, j antiphrasis. Antiphrasticallv , an-te-fra^-tik~aUle^ ad. to the man¬ ner of an antiphrasis. ANTIPHY 8 ICA.L, an-te-fiz^-ik-ali a. Contrary to physics or to nature. Antipodal, an-tip'-o-dal, a. Pertaining to the an¬ tipodes, or to that portion of the globe inhabited by them ; opposite. Antipode, a7i’-te-pode, s. One of the antipodes: set An¬ tipodes. Figu7-atively, a dii’ect opponent. Antipodean, a7i-te-po'-de-an, a. The same as anti^yodal. Antipodes, aii-tip’-o-deez, or a7i’-te-poadz, s.pl. Those people, who, living exactly on the opposite side of the globe to ourselves, have their feel opposite to ours. Antipoison, an-fe-poy'-zn, s. An antidote for poison. Antipopk, (i7\'-te-pope,s^. One who usurps the popedom. Antiport, an'-te-poari, s. An outward gate or door. Antiprela.tical, an-te-pre-laf -ik-a-l, a. Adverse to pre¬ lacy. Antipribst, a7i'-te-pree8t, s. An enemy of priests. Antipribstcrapt, an-U-preest'-kr'dft, s. Opposition to priestcraft. Antip Ri NCI PLE,an-fe-prtn'-«e-pi, 8. An opposite principle. Antiprophet, a7\-te-prof-et, s. An enemy to prophets. Antipsoric, an-tip-sor'-ik, a. Good against the itch. Antiptosis, In grammar, the putting of one case for another. Antipuritan, an te-peu/-re-tan, s. An opposer of Puri¬ tans. Antiquarian, an-^e-fett»a'-re-an, a. Pertaining to anti¬ quaries, or to antiquity. — fs. Set Antiqcart. Antiqdarianism, OAi-tt-kxoc^-rt-an-izxn, s. Love of an¬ tiquities. Antiq'dabt, an'-te-ktea-re, s. One who studies the his¬ tory of ancient things, as coins, medals, inscriptions, books, manuscripts, &c.; one versed in antiquity; a lover of antiquities; a collector of ancient things. ANTiQUATB,an v.a. To make old, or obsolete ; applied to laws or customs, to make veld, to abrogate. Antiquated, an'-te-hwa-ted,p^. or a. Old; obsolete; old-fti&hioned; out of use. In eonchology, lon^tudinally furrowed, but Intereeuted by tranarwse furrows, as if the shell had acquired new growth at each furrow. Antiqdatednesb, 8. The state of I being old or ob- Antiquation. an-te-kwa'-shuTi, i solete ANTiQOB,on-<^'',a. Old : ancient ; of genuine antiquity ' old-fMhioned. t Odd ; wild ; fantastic : »c« Antic ^ — 8 . .Any thing very old, in u more 5 . the're- mams of ancient artists, as statues, paintings, vases. »c., the works of Grecian and Roman antiquity. Antiqdkly, ati-teek'-le, ad lii an antique manner. Antiqubness, an-ief'A:'-n«A, s The qualitj of being an¬ tique , an appearance of antiquity. Ajitiquitiks, tm-tik'-iory,the antnistions were a class of people among the Franks, who were the personal vassals of the kings and counts. Andbis, an-yu'-hU, 8. An Egyptian deity, represented by a human figure, with the head of a dog or a fox. He was the son of Osiris, and was regarded as the con¬ ductor and guardian of departed souls. Anus, a'-nus, s. The fundament, or opening of the body by which excrement is expelled. Anvil, an'-vil, s. An iron block with a smooth face, on which smiths hammer and shape tlieir work; any thi^ on which blows are laid. To he ott the anvil, is to be in a state of discy^ion, formation, or preparation. Anviled, an'-vild, a. Wrought on an anvil. A.NxiBTDDE,t ang-zi'-e-tewd, s. Anxiety ; solicitude. Anxiety, Trouble of mind respecting some event, future or uncertain; suspense with uneasiness; perplexity ; solicitude. In mea. long., unceasing rest¬ lessness in sickness. ANxioD8.an^'-«*u«,a. Greatly concerned respecting some- ^ing mture or unknown; being in painful suspense; full of solicitude ; careful; restless ; very desirous. Anxiously, i^k'-shus-le, ad. In an anxious manner; so¬ licitously; with painful uncertainty; carefully. Anxiousness, anK^-ahus-nes, s. The quality of being anxious. Ant, «»' n«, a. One,indefinitely; some; every; anin- dennite number or quantity; whosoever; whatsoever; a small portion. /vNTwisR, en'-ne-vfite, ad. In any mannep Aonian, a-o'-ne-an, a. Pertaining to the Muses, or to Aonia, their fabled residence, in Bceotia. AoRisT,.GOQiciLij,ap-d-godj'-ik-al,di. Proving a thing by show¬ ing the absurdity or impossibility of the contrary. Apagtnous, d-pa^'-e-nus, a. In hot., applied to plants that flower only once, and perish immediately after. Apalachian, ap-d-latsn-e-an, a. Pertaining to the Apalaches, a tribe of Indians in the western part of Georgia, North America, and to the southern ex¬ tremity of the Allegauean mountains. Apanage, aj5'-aa-i8iACAL,rt/-ro-c?«-z»'-a/:-ai,) venereal disease ; exciting venereal desire. Aphrodisiac, rt/-ro-rftV-e-o/£, s. A provocative to venery. Aphrodita, af-ro-di'-td, s. The sea-mouse, a genus of marine annelids, thusnamed in allusion to the splendid colour of some of the species. Aphrodite, of-ro-di'-te, s. A name of Venus. Aphrodite, af-ro-dite, s. A follower of Venus. Aphtha, af-thd, s- The thrush, a disease which shows itself in small white ulcers upon the tongue, gums, inside of the lips, and palate. ApnTHiTAL!TE,rt/''fni^-d-«^e,s.Pri8matoidal glaubersalt. Aphthonq, af-thong, s. A letter or combination of let¬ ters, which, in the customaiy pronunciation of a word, have no sound. Aphthous, af-thus, a. Pertaining to thrush; of the na¬ ture of thrush^ or ulcerous affections of the mouth. Apiarist, a'-pe-d-rist, s. One who keeps an apiary. Apiary, a'-pe-d-re, s. A place where bees are kept. Apiaster, a'-pe-as-ter, a. The hee-eater, a bird of the genus Merops. Apices, op'-«-seez. s.pl. S<;«Apbx. ApicuLATED,d-ptA'-i/u-Za-ted,a. Terminated abruptly by a small, distinct point, as a leaf. Apiece, d-pees' ad. To each one a share; for each. Ap[ECEs,t In pieces. Aa’iocRiNiTE, a-pe-ok'-re-nite, s. A fossil genus of pear- ' shaped zoophytes, found in great number near Bath. Apis, a'-pis, s. In inyth., 2 in ox or bull worshipped in ancient Egypt as a divinity, particularly at Memphis. In zool.y the bee, a genus of hemipterous insects. Apish, ape'-ish, a. Having the qu^ities of an ape ; ser¬ vilely imitative; foolish; foppish ; affected; trifling. Apishly, ape'-ish-te, ad. In an apish manner. Apishnbss, aptf'-tsA-nea,8. Mimicry; foppery. Apitpat, d-pif-pat,sidi. With quick palpitation. Apidm ,a-pe-um,s. Celery ,a genus of umbelliferous plants. Aplan ATic, ap-ld-naf-ik, a. An aplanatic telescope is one which entirely corrects the aberration of the rays of light; and is thus distinguished from the achromatic, wnich only partially corrects the aberration. Aplastic, d-plas'-tik, a. Not plastic or easily moulded. Aplomb, aiZ-lome. s. A mineral closely allied to garnet. Aplustre, d-plus'-ter, s. An ensign or ornamental flag carried by ancient ships, usually at the stern. Apocalypse, d-poA'-d-Ztpa,s. Revelation; disclosure, the name of a book of the New Testament. Aj’ocalyptic, d-pcA-d-itp'-CiA, I a. Containing or Apocalyptical, d-poA-d-Ztp'-itfc-ol, ) pertaining to re¬ velation ; disclosing ; pertaining to the Apocalypse. Apocalyptically, d-pok-d-lip'-tik-al-le, ad. By revela¬ tion , in the manner of disclosure Apocarpous, ap-o-fearp'-MS, a. In 6ot., applied to the car pels of a compound pistil which are either entirely or partially distinct. Apocopate, d-poAr'-o-patc, v.a. To cut off or drop the last letter or syllable of a word. Apocope, d-pok'-o-pe, s. In gram., a flgrure wherein the last letter or syllable of a word is cut off. APocRiSARY,d-poi'-re-»d-rc, s. Anciently,a. resident in a a imperial city,in the name of a foreign church, answer¬ ing to the modem tmncio. Apocrustic, ap-o-krust-ik, a. Astringent; repelling. — 8. A medicine which coaistringes and repels the humours. Apocrypha^ d-pok’-re-fd. s. Literally, such things as are not published; but m an appropriate sense, books whose authenticity, as inspired writings, is not ad¬ mitted, and which are, therefore, not considered a part 01 the sacred canon of the Scripture. Apocryphal, d-pokf-re-fal, a. Pertaining to the apocry¬ pha; not canonical; of uncertain authenticity. Apocryphally, d-pok-re-fat-le, ad. Uncertainly. Apocryphalness, d-pok'-re-fal-nes, s.^ Uncertainty as to authenticity; doubtfulness of credit, or genuineness. APOCRYPHiCALj-t ap-o-krif-ik-al, a. See Apocryphal. Apodal, ap'-o-dal, a. Without feet; applied to fishes, destitute of ventral fins . Apode, ap'-ode, 8 . An animal that has no feet. In ich¬ thyology, the Apodes are an order of fishes which have no ventral fins. The name was also formerly given to certain fabulous birds, which were said to have no legs, and to support themselves on trees by means of their hooked bills. Apodictic, ap-o-dik'-tik, \ a. Demonstrative; evi- Apodictical, ap-o-dikf-tik-al, | dent; indisputable. Apodicticallt, flp-o-dt7:'-WA:-aZ-Je, ad. So as to be evi¬ dent beyond contradiction. Apodixis,^ ap-o-disef-is, s. Full demonstration. Apodosis, d-pod'-o-i$, s. The latter part of a period, which explains or gives meaning to the protasis, or former part; the principal clause of a conditional sen¬ tence, expressing the resultt as distinguished from the protasis, which expresses the condition; also, the ap¬ plication or latter part of a similitude. Apodytbrium, ap-o-de-te'-re-um, s. In antiquity^ a room adjoining the bath or palaestra, in which the bathers, or those about to engage in gymnastic exety cises, dressed and undressed. At Oxford, the name U yet given to a robing-room. Apogee, ap'-o-je, s. That point in the orbit of the moon which is at the greatest distance from the earth ; op¬ posed to perigee. Formerly, when the earth was re¬ garded as the centre of the system, these terms were also applicable to the sun and all the planets, with re¬ spect to their variable distances from the earth. Apoqon, d-po'-gon, 8 . A fish of the Mediterranean, of the perch far^y, closely resembling the mullet. Apograph, ap'-o-pra/, s. An exemplar; a copy or tran¬ script. Apolepsy, ap-o-lepf-se, 8 . An obstruction of the blood. Apollinarian, d-pol-le-na'-re-an, a. In antiq., the Apol- linarian games were celebrated in honour of Apollo. Apollinarians, d-pol-le-ntf -re-anz, s.pl. In church hist., a sect of the fourth century, who denied the humanity of Christ. They derived their name from Apollinaris, bishop of Laodicea. Apollo, d-poV-lo, s. In ancient myth., the son of Jupiter and Latona. He was the presiding deity of archery, prophecy, music, and medicine, and president and protector of the Muses; and under the name of Phoebus, or the Sun, he was also worshipped as the god of day. Afollo-belvidbre, d-poV~lo-hel-ve-detr',9>. A celebrated marble statue of Apollo, coMidered one of the noblest of ail the ancient works of art. It was found among the ruins of Antium, and takes its name from haying been placed in the Belvidere Gallery of the Vatican, at Rome, by Pope Julius II. . Ajollonicon, A-poi-Zon'-e-Zcun, 8. A very large musical machine, on the principle of the organ. Apollton, 8 . The Destroyer j Satan. Apologetic, la. Said or written in Apoloqetical, / defence, or by way ef apology. APOLOaETIOALLT [ 54 ] APPALMENT •< ^ AroLOQETiCAiLf, A-pol-o-jef-ik-ol-U, ad. By way of apolo^. Apoloqotigs, &-pol-o-^ef-ikg, s. That branch of theology which defends the Holy SeHplnres, and sets forth the evidence of their divine authority. Apologist, Is. One who makes an Atolooizer, (i-poV-o-^ixe-er, j apology ; a defender. Apologize, d-pnV o-jize, v.n. To niaite an apology; to vin(^cate, plead in favour of, or make excuse for. Apolooce, ajf-o-log, s. A moral tale, a fable. APOLoGDEa,t ap'-Q-log-tr, s. A writer of apologues. Apoloot, A-pol'-o-je, s. Something said or written in defence or extenuation; a vindication; an excuse. Apomecometry ,1 ap-o-i7u-kom'-«-tre, s. The art of mea¬ suring things oistant. Aponeurosis, Is. An expansion of a Aponetrost, a;>-o-nru?'-ro-w, | tendon, m the man¬ ner of a membrane ; the tendon or tail of a muscle. Apopbmptic, flp-o-pfwtp'-it/c.a Denoting a hymn among the ancients, sung or addressed to a stranger when departing. — s The hymn thus sung. AropuAsis, &-po/*-A-sia, s. In rhet., a ngure by which the orator, speaking ironically, seems to waive or omit what he would plainly insinuate. Apophleqm.atic, a. Having the quality of exciting discharges of phlegm or mucus. — 8. A medicine which excites a discharge of phlegm or mucus. Apophlegmatism, ap-o-^e/-md-ft3tn, is. An apo- Apophleomatizant, ap-o-Jleg-mat'~e‘Zant,] phlegmatic. Apophthegm, ap'-o-them^ s. See Apothegm. Apophyge, i A-nnf*.p.i 0 f In<»»‘cA.,thepartofaco- Apophtot,/ ^ ' 1 lumn where it springs out of its base; the spring or ring of a column. Apophtllite, A-pof-il-lite, s. A zeolitic mineral. Apophysis,8 . In anai.,the process of abone. In bot.,& fleshy tubercle under the basis of the pericarp of certain mosses. Apoplectic, ap-o-plek'-tik, i a. Pertainingto,orpre- Ayo'PL.v.CTiQLi.,ap-o-plek'-tik-al, | disposed to apoplexy. Apoplectic, 8 . A person affected with apoplexy. Apoplexed,^ ap'-o-plext, a. Affected with apoplexy. Apoplbx t , ap'-o-plex-e, s. A sudden deprivation of sense and voluntary motion, occasioned by a suspension of the functions of the cerebrum, or brain. Aporbma, cp-o-rc'-md, 1 i Aporime, op'-o-rime, I®' A problem ^cult to be Aporon, a/-0-™n, J resolYed; a difficulty. Aporia, d-po'-re-d, s. In rhet., a doubting or being at a loss where to begin, or what to say. In med., febrile anxiety; uneasiness. Apobobranchians, d-po-ro-hrang'-ke-anz, s.pl. An order of arachnida, destitute of stigmata on the surface of the body. AP0RRH(EA,t ap-or-t*«'-d, s. Effluvium. Aposepedin, &-po-sep'-e-din, s. A peculiar crystalUzjed substance obtained from putrid cheese. Aposiopesis, &-po8-e-o-pe'-8is, s. In rhet., reticency or suppression, as when a speaker, from some cause, as fbar, sorrow, or anger, suddenly breaks off his discourse; also,an aggravation of what it is pretended to conceal, by uttering a part and leaving the remainder to be understood. Apostacy , d-pos^-td-se, s. See Apostasy. Apostasis,} d-pos'-td-sis, s. The termination or crisis of a disease by some secretion ; the throwing off of exfo¬ liated or fractured bone ; an abscess. Apostasy, d-pos'-td-se, s. An abandonment of what one has professed, usually of one’s faith or religion; the desertion from a party to which one has adhered. A.TQ8T Krz,d-po8'-tate,B. One who has forsaken the church, profession, or party to which he before adhered. — a. False; traitorous. Apostatical, ap-os-taf-ik-alfSi. After the manner of an apostate. Apostatize, d-pos'-td-tize,y.n. To forsake the principles or faith which one has professed, or the party to which one has been attached. Apostem ATE, d-pos'-te-mate, v .n. To form into an abscess. Apostemation. d-pot-te-ma'-$hun, s. The formation of an aposteme. Apostematots, ap-os-tem'-d-tus, a. Pertaining to an ab¬ scess , partaking of the nature of an aposteme. Aposteme, ap'-ot-teem, s. An abscess ; a swelling filled • ^th purulent matter. A TovTB&iosii.apoi-te-re-o'-ri. (Lat.) Arguments apot- Uriori axe orawn from effects, consequences, or facts; In oppositAm. to reasoning a priori. Apostil, &-po3^-til, s. A marginal note, a postscript. Apostle, d-p-pc«-dtA'-y«-^afr^a. Infurnished with one or more appendages, or with additional organs for some particular purpose. Appendix ,n/>-p^nrf-ia;,8.(pl.APPBNDiXES,«p-y»^iff-»a»-e2.) Something appended or added ; an adjunct, concomit¬ ant, or appendage; more geyxerally, a supplement or short treatise added to a book. Appbrceivb4: ap-per-seet/y v.a. To comprehend, Apperceivino4: ap-per-seev'-ingy s. Perception. Apperception , ap-per-sep'-shuny s. Perception that re - fleets upon itself; consciousness. Appkril,$ ap-per'-ily s. Peril ; danger. Appertain, ap-per-tayn’y v.n. To belong, whether by right, nature, or appointment; to relate to. Appertained, ai>-p«r-'~siv, a. Applauding. APPLB,op'-p/,8. The fi'uitoftheapple-tree,j?yr««wfl/ws. The apple of the eye is the pupil. — v.a. To form like an apple. Apple-qrapt, ap'-pl-grdft, g. A scion of an apple-tree engrafted on another tree. APPLE-HiiRVEST, ap’-pl-har'-vestf 8. The gathering of apples, or the time of gathering. Applb-john, A kind of apple which keeps long, but becomes withered. Apple of Sodom, ap'-pl ov sod'-om, s. The Solanum Sodo- meum^T Sodom egg-plant^ the name of a plant and of its fruit mentioned in Scripture. Apple-tree, ap'-pl-tre, s. A tree of many rarieties, ar¬ ranged by Linnneus under the genus pyrus. Apple-woman, ap'‘pl-tvo'bm'-an, s. A woman who sells apples and other fruit. Apple-yard, ap'-pl-yard, s. An enclosure for apples: an orchard. Appliable, ap-pli'-&-bl, a. That may be applied. Appliance, ap-pli'-ans, s. The act of applying: the thing applied. Applicability, ap~ple~kd.~biV-e-te,s. The quality of hein g applicable, or fit to be applied. Applicable, ap'-ple-kA-bl, a. That may he applied ; fit to beapplied; that may have relation to something else. Applicableness, ap'-ple-kd~hl~nes, s. Fitness to be ap¬ plied ; the quality of being applicable. Attlica-blj, ap'~pl€-k&-ble,a.d.. In such amannerthatit may be applied. ApPL icAN ci , ap '- ple - kan - se ,s . State of being applicable. Applicant, op'-pZe-Arrtni,8. One whoapplies; a petitioner. Applicate, ap '- ple - kate , s. A right line drawn across a curve,so as to be bisected by the diameter; «‘in ordinate. — Jv.a. To apply.. Applicate-ordinate, ap'-ple-kate-or'-de~nate,B, Aright line applied at right angles to the axis of any come section, and bounded by the curve. Application, ap-ple-ka'-shun, s. The act of laying on , the thing applied; the act of making request, orsolicit- ing ; the act of applying as means; the employment of means ; intense study ; close attention ; great in¬ dustry ; the act of directing or referring something to a pai'ticular case. Applicative, ap '- ple - ka-tiVy a. That applies. Applicatorilt, ap'-ple-ka-to-re-lcy ad. In a manner which applies. Applicatort , ap'-ple-ka-to-re, a. That includes the act of applying. — s. That which applies. Applied, ap-plide', pp. of the verb to apply. Appliedlt ap-pli'-ed-le, ad. In a manner which may be applied. Applier, ap-pli'-er, s. One who applies. Appliment,± ap-pli'-ment^ s. Application. Apply, ap - pli ', v.a. To lay on; to put one thing to an¬ other ; to use for a particular purpose, or in a particular case; to put, refer, or use, as suitable or relative to something; to fix the mind upon; to study ; to address to; Jto keep at work, to ply. —• v.n. To suit; to agree; to have some connection or analogy ; to have recourse to ; to solicit. Appoggiato, ap-podj-e-d'-to. (Ital.) In music, particu¬ larly in song, a blended and not abrupt utterance of the tones, so that they insensibly glide and melt into each other, without any perceptible break. Appoggiatura, ap-podj-e-d-too'-rh, s. (Ital.) In music, a small additional note of eni.bellishmcnt. preceding the note to which it is attached, and taking away from the principal note a portion of its time. Appoint, , v.a. To fix, settle, name, or determine by agreement; to establish by authority; to consti¬ tute ; to ordain; to assign ; to designate ; to purpose; to resolve; to furnish in all points ; to supply with all things necessary ; to equip ; X to cavil at. — v.n. To decree ; to ordam ; to determine. AppoiNTABLE,ap-pt>yn^'-d-W, a. That maybe appointed. Appointee, ap-pot/nf-^, s. A person appointed ;/or?nerij/. a soldier in the French army, who, for long serviceand bravery, received more pay than other privatos. Appointer, ap - poynt '- er , s. One who appoints. Appointment, ap-poy^if'-mewi, 8. The act of appointing to office; situation, office, or post; the act of fixing by mutual agreement; an agreed hour of meeting; de¬ cree ; estaolishedorder or constitution; direction,com- mand. or order; an allowance to a ]:^r»on ; a salary or pension, as to a public officer*. In law. a devise or grant to a charitable use. Appotuhnents,in theplurul, equipment of a ship or an army , the accoutrements of military officers, as belts, gorgets, &c. ApporteRjJ ap-poart'-er, s. A bringer in ; an importer. Apportion, ap-poar'~skun,v.SL. To "divide and assign in just proportion ; to distribute to each his share. APPoaTioNATBNH884: ap-poar'-shun-ate-nes, s. Just pro¬ portion. Apportioned, flp-pdffr'-sAtmd,pp.of the verb to apportion. Apportioner, ap~.poar'-shun-er, s. One who apportions. Apportionment, ap-poar'-shun-ment, s. Tlie act of ap¬ portioning; a dividing into just proportions or shares. APPosE,±ap-posc', v.a. To put questions to ; toexaniine; to apply. Apposbr, ap-poze^-^, s. An examiner; a qttestioner. Apposite, a. Suitable; fit; very applicable; weD adapted to. Appositely, ap'-po-atM«, ad. Suitably; fitly; properly Appositbness, Gp'-po-zf^-ncs, s. Fitness; propriety. Apposition, ap po-zUh'-un, s. The act of adding to; addition; accretion to. in grammar, the placing of two nouns, denoting the same thing and in the same case, without a connecting word between thorn. Appositive,^: ap-pos'-e-^iv, a. Apposite ; applicable. Appraisal, ap-praze'-al, 8. A valuation by authority. Appraise, ap-praz^, v.a. To set a value or price upon, particularly as an appraiser Appraisement, ap-praze'-ment, 8. The act of setting a value under some authority or appointment; the rate at which a thing is valued ; the value fixed. Appraiser, ap-praz^-er, s. One who values; appro¬ priately, one appointed and sworn to estimate and fix the value of goods and estates. Appraising, ap-prazef -ina, s. The act of valuing. AppRECATiONjj ap-erg-Aa-s/iMn, s. Earnest prayer. Apprecatory^ ap-pre-k&-to-re, a. Praying or wishing any good. Appreciable, ap-pre'-«A PP- of the verb to apprise, AppRizBM^T,t ap-prize'-ment, g. See Appraissmekp Appri*er,J ap’prize'-sT: g. See Appbaissr. the upper APPRIZINa [ 57 ] APTERA AppRizivG,i ap-prizeT-ing, 8. See Appraising. ap-proatsh', v.u. To come or go near, m nlace to dra^ near; to advance nearer, to draw near in time; to draw near, in a figurative ^nse; to aoproximate ; to come near by natural affinity or rScmblance ; to draw near in duty, as in prayer. Y.a. To come near to. . s The act of drawing near ; a coming or advancing near; access; a path or avenue leading from the public road to a house or dwelling; means of advanc- mz hostile advance. In military language, both the advances of an army, and the works thrown up by besiegei*s, to t»‘aiect themselves in their advances, are CdUed approaches. A.rPROACHABLB, Qp-proatsh'-df-hl, a. That may be ap¬ proached, accessible. rr^x ^ Approachableness, ap-proatsh-a-bl-nes, 8. The state of being approachable. , ^ , Approached, np-proatshf, pp. of tlie verb to approach. Approacher, ap-proatsh'-er, s. One who approaches. Approaching, ap-proatsh'-ing, s. In gardening, the^act of ingrafting a sprig or shoot of one tree into another w'ithout cutting it from the parent stock: it is also called inarching, or grafting by approach. Approachless, ap-proatsN'les, a. That cannot be ap Apfroachment, ap-proatsh'-menty s. The act of coming Approbate, ap'-pro~hatey v.a. To approve^ to manifest a liking, or degree of satisfaction; to commend. —± a. Approved. ^ Approbation , ap-pro-ba'-shun, s. The act of approving, or expressing that one is satisfied or pleased with any¬ thin”’ ; commendation ; sanction ; attestation ; sup¬ port ; action in favour of what is approved. Approbative, ap'-pro-ba-tivy 1 a. Approving j con- Approbatory, ap'-pro-ba-to-rCy j taimng appiohation. APTKouTTyX ap-prompt' See Prompt. Approof,J ap-proof"y s. Approvalcertain knowledge. A.p^KOPERJi.'V'E, a-p-prop'-er-ratey y•&.. To hasten. ^ A.pf'ropi'sqv fLTEyXap-pro-pin'-kwate,y .a. To di'awnigh to. Appropinquation,$ ap-pro-pin-kwa'-shun, s. A draw¬ ing nigh. ^ , APFROPiNauE,^ ap-pro-pink'y v.n. To approach. Appropriable, ap-pro'-pre-d-blyS.. priated. „ _, * Appropriate, ap-pro'-pre-atCy v.a. To set apart for j to consi”'n to a particular use ) to take to oue s self m ex- clusicm of others; to claim or use, as by an exclusive ri”ht In law, to alienate a benefice, a Peculiar ; set apart, for a particular use or per¬ son; most suitable,fit,orproper; belongingpeculiarly. Appropriately, ap-pto'-pre-ate-lCy ad. lu an appro¬ priate manner; fitly; properly. Appropriateness, ap-pro'-pre-ate~nes, 8. The quality of being appropriate, or peculiarly sm^ble. Appropriation, ap-pro-pre-a'-shun, s. The application or act of assigning something to a ppticular use, pur¬ pose, or person ; the taking or setting apart for one s own use: In law, the severing or sequestering of a benefice to tbe perpetual use of a spiritual corp 9 ra- tion sole or aggregate, being the patron of the living. ApproVriative, op-pro'R- That appropriates. Appropriator, ap-pro'-pre-a-ter, s. One who appro¬ priates ; one possessed of an appropriated benefice. Approprietart, ap-pro'-pre-e-td-re, s. A lay possessor of the profits of a benefice. ^ Approvable, ap-prooi/-d-bl, a. Meriting approbation. Approvableness, ap-proov'-d-bl-nes, s. The quality Oi being approvable. Approval, ap-proov'-al, 6. Approbation. _ Appuovance, ap-proov'-ans, s. Approbation. AcfPROVE,v.a. To like; to be pleased with, to express liking; to admit the coi-rectness or pro¬ priety of; to sanction; to make or show to be worthy of approbation ; to commend; +to prove, show, or justify ; t to experience, to prove by trial. In law, to Approved, ap-proovd'y pp. and a. Inked; examined; tried; commended ; shown or proved to be worthy oi approbation ; havinf? the approbation and support of. Approvement, ap-proov' -nient, s. Approbation ; liking. In law, the confession of a felony and accusation of Viis accorapUces by one, who, not being the principal, thereby secures lus own pardon. Also, the improve¬ ment of common lands, by inclosing and converting them to the uses of husbandry. Approver, ap-proov'^ert 8, Otic who approyes, one who That may be appro- proves or makes trial. In lawy a criminal who, to obtain his pardon, confesses hia guilt and gives evi¬ dence against his accomplices. Also, formerlyy one who acted as the king’s agentfoi letting small manors, the bailiff or steward of a manor. Approving, ap-proov'-ing, a. Yielding approbation. Approvingly, ap-proov'-ing-le, ad. By‘approbation. Approximant,^ ap-prose'-e-mant , a. Approaching. Approximate, ap-prox'-e-mate, sl. $ Nearest to, next, near to: see Proximate. — Approximate qxiantitiee are those which are nearly, but uot absolutely equal.—An approximate leaf is one which Lies close to the stem. _v.a. To carry or advance near ; to cause to approach. — v.n. To come near ; to approach. Approximation, ap-prox-e-ma'-shun, s. Approach; a drawing, moving, or advancing near. In math., a continual approach or coming nearer and nearer to a quantity sought, when no process is known for arriv¬ ing at it exactly. In yned., communication of disease by contact; a mode of cure, by transplanting a disease into an animal or vegetable by immediate contact. Approximative, ap-prox'-e-ma-tiv, a. That approaches. APPui,op-pice', s. (lY.) Main support. In horsemanship, the reciproc^ sense between the horse’s mouth and the bricUe hand. In military tactics, the centre or strongest point of the position of an army ; also, any given point or body upon which troops are formed, or by which they are marched in line or column. Appulse, ap-puls'y s. The act of striking against. In astr.y the approach of any planet to a conjunction with the sun, or a star. , , , Apptjlsion, ap-pul'-shun, s. The act of striking against. Appulsive, ap-puls'-iVy a. Striking against; driving towards. Appulsively, ap-puW-iv-le, ad. By appulsion. Appurtenance, ap-pu}"'-ten-ant , s. That w'hich belongs to something else; an adjunct , an appendage. Appro’ priately, such buildings, rights, and improvements as belong to land are called the appurtenances. Appurtenant, ap-J^wr'-^en-on^, a. Belonging or relat¬ ing to; joined to ; pertaining to of right. APRiCATEj-f a'-pre-kate, v.n. To bask in the sun. Apricity ,+s* Sunshine. ^ Apricot, a'-pre-kot , s. A much esteemed fruit, the pro¬ duce of the Prunus Armeniaca. April, a'-pril. s. The fourth month of the year. April-fool, a'-pril-fooi, 8. One who is sportively im posed on by others, on the first day of April. A PRIORI, a pri-o'-ri, (Lat.) A mode of reasoning by which we deduce consequences from definitions formed, or principles assumed, or infer effects from causes previously known: it is opposed to a posteriori. Apron, a-prwn, s. A cloth, or piece of leather, worn on the fore part of the body, to keep the clothes clean, or defend them from injury; a piece of leather »r cloth to be di’awu before a person in a gig; the fat skin covering the belly of a goose; a flat piece of lead, that covers the vent of a cannon; a piece of curved timber, just above the foremost end of the keel of a ship ; a platform, or flooring of plank, at the entrance of a dock, against which the dock gates are shut. Aproned, a'-pruna, a. "Wearing an apron. Apron-man, a'-prun-man, s. A mechanic. Apropos, d'-pro-po, ad. Opportunely ; seasonably ; by the way; to the purpose. Apsides, ap'-se-deez, s.pl. See Arsis. Apsis, ap'-swi, s.; pi. Apsides. In as?r., the apsides are the two points in the orbit of a primary planet which ai‘e at the greatest and least distance from the sun, corresponding to the aphelion and perihelion of our planet. In the secondary planets, the apsides coitc- spond to the moon’s apogee and perigee. The line con¬ necting these is called the line of the apsides.—In rtrc/i.,adome ; a domed semi-circular or polygonal ter¬ mination of the choir or aisles of a church; the arched roof of a room or of an oven; a reliquary or case in which the relics of saints, real or pretended, were anciently kept. Apt, apt, a. Fit; suitable; pertinent; having a ten¬ dency to ; liable ; inclined to; disposed customarily; peculiar^ prompt and ready ; quick ; qualified lor. — X v.a. To fit; to suit or adapt. APTABLE,i- apt'-d-bl, a. That may be adapted. APTATE,t ap'-iate, v.a. To make fit. After, ap'-ter, s. An insect without wmgs. Aj’tera, ap'-ter-d, s.pl. The seventh order of Insects In LinUceus’s system, comprehending many genera, cha* racterized by the absence of wings APTERAL [ 58 ] ARBITRATE APTERIL, np'-((5:/or'-^t5,3. An oldname for nitric acid. Aqua harina, df-kwd md-re'-nd, s. A name given by jewellers to the beryl, ju account of its colour. Aqua REQix,d'-ktodre'-;je-d,s. Nitro-muriatic acid. Aquarian, d-ftwa'-re-aw s. One of a sect of Christians, m the primitive Church, who consecrated water in the Luchai ist, instead of wine. JLQVA.RiyK,d-kwa'-re-um, s. An artificial pond in jrar- dens for rearing aquatic plants. Aquarius, d-ktva -re-ns, s. Tlie Water-bearer, the ele- yenth sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about the 21st of January. It takes its name from the rains which prevail at that season in Italy and the East. Aquatic, d-kwat'-ik, 1 a. Pertaining to water; in- CLj-f d-AifJizi -ik~aly j habiting or growing in the Aquatic, s. A plant which grows in water. Aquatile,-!’ ak'-wd-til, a. That inhabits the water Aquatinta, dl-kwd-tinf-d, s. A method of etching on copper, in mutation of drawings in water coloui's or Indian mk. Aqua vit.® , d'-kwdyi'-te, s. Brandy, or spirit of wine ; any distilled spirit of an intoxicating nature. Aqueduct, ak'-we-dukt,s. An artificial channel or stimc- tui-e for conveying water from one place to another over uneven ground, either above or imder the sur face, being carried through hills by piercing them and along valleys raised by props or arches. Aqueity4 d-hoe'-e-te, s. Wateriness. AQCEous,a'-A:ice-Ms, a. Watery; partaking of the natiu’e of water, or abounding with it.—Agueous hu7nour of the eye, a transparent limpid fluid which Alls the space between the comea and the crystalline lens Aqueousness, a'-hce-tis-nes, s. The quality of bein» watery ; waterishness ; wateriness. ” Aquila, ak'-we-ld, s. In ornith., the eagle. In astr a constellation of the northern hemisphere. ’’ Aquilated, ak'-we-la-ted, a. In /ict'., adomed with the heads of eagles. Aquiline, ok -wc-liu, or line, a. Belonging to the eagle • curving; hooked ; prominent, Uke the beak of an ea"le’ Aquilon, s. The north wind. ” -It O. 1 HC llUl LJl YV IIIU. Aquitanian, ak-we-ta'-ne an, a. Peitaining to Aqui- tania, one of the g^at divisions of Gaul. Aquose,$ a. Watery. Aquo8ity4 d-kwos'-e‘te,s. Wateriness. A. R. stand for atino regni, the year of the reign. Ara, d'-rd,%. The Altar,a southern constellation: also a bird of the pan’ot kind. ^ Arab, ar'-ab, s. A native of Arabia; an Arabian horse. Arabesque, i ar'-A-brsk i -A-fter the manner of the Arabesr, j > ( Arabians; more particu¬ larly applied to Bculptural and painted ornaments consisting of imaginary foliage, stalks, plants, &c., but in wliich there aie no figures of men or animals, representations of these being forbidden by the Koran. — 8. An ornament executed in the arabesque style tthe Arabic language. Arabian, d-ra'-be-an, a. Pertaining to Arabia. 8. A native of Arabia ; a horse of Arabian origin. Arabic, or"-d-bik, a. Arabian. — 8. The language ol the Arabians. Arabically . A-rab'-ik-al-le, ad In the Arabian manner. Arabism, ar -d-bizni, 8. An Arabic idiom or phrase. Arabist, ar'-d-bist, s. One well versed in the Arabic language or literature. Arable, ar'-n-bl, a. Fit for ploughing or tillage; under tillage ; ploughed. Araby , ar-d-be, s. A poetical name for Arabia. Arachnida, \ s.pl. A class of articulate Arachnides^, d-raAi'-nf-^teea, J ■animals, including the spiders, mites, and scorpions. ARACHNiDAN,rt-raA:'-n quity, or ancient learning. ARCH.SOLOOT. ar ke-ol'-o-je, s. The science which re¬ lates to antiquities in general; a discourse on antiquity. Archaic, ar-Ao'-iA, la Relating to antiquity; an- Archaical, ar-Art'-tA-rtl, I cient; obsolete. Archaioloqt.+ ar-ka-oV-o-je,%. See Arch.eologt. Archaism, arfc-a-izm. s. An ancient word or phrase. Archanobl, ark-ayn-jel, s. An angel of the highest order. In bot., a name of the dead-nettle and other species of the genus Lamium. ARCHANOEHC,arA-an-jer-iA,a. Belonging to archangels. Archarchitect, artsh-arh'-e-tekt, s. The Supreme Ar- cMtcct. Archbishop, bish'-up, s. A chief oishop, or church dignitary of the first class; ametropolitanbishop, who superintends the conduct of the suffragan bis^ps in his province, and also exercises episcopal authority in his own ^ocese. Archbishopric, s. The jurisdiction, place, or province of an archbishop. Archbotcher, artsh hotsh'-er, s. The chief botcher, or mender; used ironically. ARCHBUTLE^ayis/i-6i*i'-Zer,8. The chief butler; an offi¬ cer of the German empire, who presented the cup to the emperor on solemn occasions. 'The office belonged to the King of Bohemia. ARCHBUTTBE83,ic,as-kle-pe-ad!-ik, j that kind of verse called the aselepiad. „ „ ^ AscMPiis, as-Mi-pe-as, s. Swallow-wort, an exten¬ sive genus of plants. AscaiBABLi, as-kribe'-i-bl, a. That may be ascribed. Ascribe, as-kribef, v.a. To attribute to; to Impute; to assign; to allege to belong. AscniBED, as-kriU', pp. of the verb to ascribe. ASCKIPTION, as-kripr-s)mn, s. The act of ascribing. Asceiptitioos, as-krip-tish'-us, a. That is ascribed. AsEXUAt, a-sex*-yU‘al, a. Destitute of sex. Ash' ash s. A well-known forest tree, of which there are maW varieties, the wood of the ash-tree. — a. Pertaining to or like the ash; made of ash. AsHAMEji: h-shamet , v.a. To shame. ,, , j Ashamed, i-shaymd', a. Affected by shame ; abashed. Ashamedi.t,± d-sfioinA’-cd-lA ad. Bashfully. Ash-colooeed, ash'-kul-erU, a. Of a colour between brown and gray. „ , , AsHEi-F,i d-sAfti/', ad. On a shelf or rock. Ashen, ash-en, a. Fertainmg to ash; made of ash. A6HERV,osA'-«r-e, s. A place for ashes. Ashes ash'-ez, s.pl. The xemams of anything burnt, the remains of a human body burnt on the funeral nvre; iionce,iiquratively, o dead body or corpse.^ Ara-Fikn, ash'-fire, s. A slow fire used m chemical operations. Ash-tit TbCOftk-flys AsH-SmE? as^-kole, s. A repository for ashes, the nwer part of a furnace. Ashlar, ) ashT-Urz s. Freestones as they are hroughi Ashler, j ftom the quaiTy; hevm stones used for tne facing of walls, presenting a surface varied acc9i*ding to the tooling they receive. In arch., a facing oi wrought and squared stones. ^ _ Ashlering, ash'-ler-ing, s. Quartering for lathing td, in garrets; the setting of an ashlar-facing. Ashore, a-shore', ad. On shore; to the sliorc; on land* opposed to aboard. Figuratively,ui safety. Ash-pan^ ash'-pan, s. A pan beneath a grate or rimace to receive ashes. Ash-pit, ash'-pit, s. The lower part of a funiace. Ashtoreth, ash'-to-reth, 8. A goddess of the SidoniaMp and Philistines, whose worship was introduced by Solomon among the Israelites. Ash-wednesdat , ash-wen^-da, s. The first day Of Lent t supposed to be so called from a ciistom of sprinkling ashes on the headlon that day. Ash-weed, ash!-weed, s. A plant, the small, wild an¬ gelica, gout-wort, goat’s-foot, or herb-gerard. Asht, asK-e, a. Belonging to ashes; ash-coloured; pale , light-gray ; made or composed of ashes. Asht-pale, ash'-e-pole, a. Pale as ashes. Asia, aysh'-y&, s. One of the four quarters of the globe. Asian, aysft-j/rm, a. Pertaining to Asia. Asiarch, a'-slie-arh, s. A chief or pontiff of ProconsuJST Asia; one who had the direction of the public games. Asiatic, a-she-af-ik, a. Belonging to A^ia. — ei. A native of Asia. ^ ^ Asiaticism, a-she-af -e-sizm, 8. Imita'tion of the Asiatic manner. . Aside, d-sidef, ad. On or to one side; apart from the others; at a small distance, or in private; separate from tne person, mind, or attention; out of the lute of rectitude or propriety. Asinart, as^-e-n&-re, a. See Asinine. Asinego, s. A foolish fellow; a simpleton. Asinine, a^-e-nine, a. Belonging to tlie ass; having The qualities of the ass. Asio, a'-she-o, s. The homed owl. Ask, ask, v.a. To request; to seek to obtain by words , to petition; to require^ expect, or claim; to demand; to interrogate, or inquire; to invite. — v.n. To request or petition ; to make inquiry. Askance, as-Aans', lad. Awry; sideways; obliquely, Askant, | towards one comer of the eye. Asked, iiskt, pp. of the verb to ask. Asker, dskf -er, s. One who asks ; a petitioner; an in¬ quirer; an eft; a water newt. Askew , A-sketo', ad. Awry ; askant; contemptuously. AsLAKEjt a-slake', v.a. To remit; to slacken. Aslant, d-s/rtwr, ad. On one side; obliquely. Asleep, a-sleep', a. or ad. Sleeping; in a state of sleep at rest; dead; in a state of death. Aslope, d-slope', ad. Obliquely j with declivity. AsLDGji a-slug', ad. In a sluggish manner. Asmonean, as-mo-n^-an, a. Pertaining to Asmoneus, the father of Simon, and chief of the Asmoneans, a family that reigned over the Jews 126 years. — 8. One of the family of the Asmoneans. Asomatods, &-$o'- mA-ius, a. AVithout a material body; incorporesil; purely spiritual. Asp, asp, s. See Aspen Aspi ik j small,poisonous serpent of Egypt, Aspalathum, as-paV-A'thum, s. The calambac, a variety of the aloes-wood. Aspalathds, as-paV-A-thus, s. A name given to various plants; the African broom; the Jerusalem rose. Asparagin, A ci’ystallizable substance, first discovered in the juice of asparagus. Asparaginous, as-par-adj'-in-US, a. Applied to plants whose tender shoots are eaten like asparagus. Asparagus,A well-known culinary plant. Aspartate, as-par'-tate, s. Amy compound of the as¬ partic acid with a salifiable base. Aspartic acid, as-par'-tik as'-id, s. A concrete or crys¬ talline acid obtained from asparagir Aspect, os'Look; view; appearance to the eye or the mind; air; countenance ; glance^ act of seeing; position; relation. In astr., the situation-of one planet with respect to another. Aspect as-pekt', v.a. To behold. Aspectaele,^ as-pekt'-A-bl, a. That may be seen. Aspected,:}: as-pektf-ed, a. Having an aspect. ^ Aspection,$ as-pekf-shim, 8. The act of viewing. Aspen, asp'-en, \ s. A species of the poplar, so celled ' Asp, Gap, I from the trembling of Its lea'veR. 0 ASPEiT [ ti7 ] ASSEMBLY a. rcrtaium^? to Ike aspen, of rcsenikiing it; made of aspen 'wood 4 r.pi:a,t a^-p.r, a. Rough ; rugged. — R. A small Turkish v^oin of uie value of about three- Jliths of a penny. Di gram., the Greek aspirate. A 'Perate, as^-phr-ate. v.a. To make rough or imeveu. Aspbration, as-per-a-shun. s. A making rough. Aspergilliform, as-per-jiV-le-form, a. In bot., shaped like an aspergillus, as the stigmas of certain grasses. Aspergillus, as-per-jil'-lus, s. The brush used in the Roman Catholic church to sprinkle holy water on the people. In 6o^., a genus of fungi. ASPER 1 FOLIA.TE, as-ph'-e-fo'-U-ate, 1 a. Having rough AsrERiFOLious, as-per-e-fo'-le~us, j leaves. Asperity, rts-;)er'-c-ie, s. Roughness ,ruggedness;harsh¬ ness of speech or temper ; sharpness; sourness. Asperly,$ as'-per-le, ad. llouglily ; sharply. Aspermods, a-sperm-iis, a. Destitute of seeds. Aspernatiox, as-per-na'-shuny s. Neglect; disregard. Asperous, fls'-pcr-its, a. Rough; uneven. .Asperse, «s-pe>V, v.a. To sprinkle ; to slander; to defame. Asperser, as-pers'-er^ s. One who vilifies another. Aspersion, as-per'-shim, s A sprinkling; the spread¬ ing of caluiimious reports ; calumny ; censure. Aspersory, as-pers'~o-re, a. Tending to asperse; de¬ famatory ; slanderous. Asphalte, Is. A smooth, hard, brittle, Asphaltum, j black or brown bituminous substance, which breaks with a polish, melts easily when heated, and, when pure, bums without leaving any ashes. It is thus named because anciently pro¬ cured only from the Rake Asphaltites (Dead Sea) in Judea : hence called also Jew’s pitch. It is found in a liquid state, but hardens on exposure to the air. It was used by the ancients as a building cement, and is now much employed in paving, fiooring^ roofing, &c. AsFKk^LTic, as-faW-ik. la. Pertainmg to or containing Asphaltite, as-falt'-ite, j asphaltum ; bituminous. Asphodel, a^-fo-del, s. A name of the day-lily, kin^’s- spear, and other elegant plants of the genus asphodelus. AsPHURELATA,a5-/«-re-Za'ls.pl. A series of semi- Asphurelates, j metallic fossils, includ¬ ing bismuth, antimony, cobalt, zinc, and quicksilver: thus called because in theix purest state they are not maUeable. Asphyxia, 1 s. Suspended animation, ^ar- Asphyxy, as-^a/-5, J ticularly from suffocation, downing, or inhaling irrespirable gases; collapse. Aspic, asp'-ik, s. The asp, q.v.; a cannon carrying a 12 lb. shot ; m botany, a species of lavender. Aspirant, One who aspnes; an ambitious candidate; one who seeks eagerly for distinction. — a. Aspiring. Aspirate, as’-pe-rate, v.a. To pronounce with A breath¬ ing, or full emission of breath. — v.n. To give or impart a strong breathing, as, the letter h, or the Greek asper /R — s. Alettcrmarked with an asper, or note of breathing; a mark of aspiration, as the Greek accent — a. Pronounced with a full breath. Aspiration, as-pe~ra'-shtm, s. The pronunciation of a letter with a full emission of breath; a breathing after ; an ardent wish or desire ; the act of aspiring. Aspiratory, as-pi'-ra-to-re, a. Pertaining to breathing suited to the inhaling of air. Aspire, as-pir^, v.n. To desire with eagerness; to pant after; to aim at something noble, great, or above one’s present condition; to rise; to tower. Aspired, as-pu-d', pp. of the verb to aspire. Asfirement, as-pire-ment, s. The act of aspiring. Aspirer, as-pir^-er, s. One who aspires; one who aims to rise ; one who is ambitious ; a candidate. AsriiiiNO, as-jnre’-ing, a. Ambitious; animated with au earnest desire of power, importance, or excellence. — s. Ambition; desire of something great; ^points,stops. Aspiringly, as-pir^-ing-le, ad. In an aspiring manner. Aspiringness, as-pire’-ing-nes, 8. The state of being aspiring or ambitious. Asportation, as-port-a'-shun, 8. A canning away. In law, the felonious removal of goods. Asquint, ad. Obliquely ; notin the straightline of vision ; figuratively, not with regard or due notice. Ass, as, s. A well-known quadinipcd of the equine genus ; figuratively, a dull, stupid felloM' ; a dolt. Assafetida, as-sn-/et'-e-dA, s. See AsAPfETiDA. Assagat, a^-sd-^a, s. A tall tree of South Africa, of which the natives make javelins or spears; a javelin or spear made of this wood. Assai, as~8(i'-e,tL. (Ital.) In »nus.,aterm added to another, to denote that the time must oe accelei-atcd or retarded, as, allegro assai, quicker, adagio assai, i^owor. Assail, as-sayV, v.a. To attack suddenly, or in a ho*' tile manner; to assault; to invade; to attack wun arguments, censure, abuse, or eriticisin. Assailable, as-sayl'-d-bl, a. That may be assailed. Assailant, as-sayV-ant, s. One who assails or attacks. — a. Assaulting; attackiug; invading with violence. Ass.ailed, as-sayld', pp. of the verb to assail. Assailer, as-sayV-er, s. One who assails AssAiLMENTj-i* cs-sayV-ment,&. Act of attacking ; attack Assap.vnic, as-sd-pan'-ik. s. Tlie flying squirrel. Assaron, as'-sd-ron, s. A Hebrew measure of five pints Ass-iRT, as-sarf, s. In ancient laws, tlie olfene< of giaib bing up trees; a tree plucked up by the roots ; a piece of forest land reclaimed or cleared of w'ood. — v.a. To gruh up trees ; to commit assart. Assassin, as-sas'~st7i, s. One W'ho kills, or attempt? to kUl, by surprise or secret assault; a secret murderer. — t v.a. To mui’der. Assassinate, as-sa^~sin-ate, v.a. To murder by sudden violence; to waylay. — $ s. A murder or murderer. Assassination, as-sas-sm-a'-shun, s The act of killing by surprise or secret assault; murder by violence. Assassinator, as-sat'-sin-a-ter, s. An assassin. Assassinous,$ as-sas'-sin-us, a. Murderous. Assassins, as-sas'-stn3,s.pi. A tribe of clan called Tsnia- elians, who settled on the mountains of Lebanon, about 1090, and became remarkable for tbeir assassinations. Assation,:J: as-sa'-shun, s. A roasting Assault, as-sawlt', s. A hostile attack ; a violent oubc*’ storm ; an attack by hostile word.s or measures. In law an attempt or offer to beat or do bodily in.j uvy to another — v.a. To attack with hostile intention ; to invade ot fall on with fbree; to storai; to attack by word:', argu ments, or unfriendly measures. Assaultable, as-sawlt'd-bl, a. That may be assaulted Assaulter, as-saivlt'-er, s. One who assaults. Assay, as-sa', s. Examination; trial; effort; attempt, first entrance upon any business. (In the foregoing senses the word Essay is now generally used.) i value. In iaic, an examination of w'eights and measures by thii standard. Inweia^^27rg7/,thedeterminationofthequan¬ tity of any particular metal in an ore, alloy, or other metallic compound, and, more especially, of the quan¬ tity of gold or silver in coin or bullion ; the substamci^ to be assayed. — v.a. To determine the amount of a particular metfU in an ore, alloy, or other metallic compound ; to apply to the touchstone. — v.n. To attempt, try, or endeavour. Assay-balance^ as-sa'-ijaZ'-ans, s. A ^ ery delicate balance used in chemical analysis and in assaying metals. Assayed, as-sayd', pp. of the verb to assay. Assayer, as-sa'-er, s. One who assays ; one whose busi¬ ness is to examine ores and other metallic compounds, to ascertain the amount of any metal which they con¬ tain ; an officer of the mint, whose business is to see that the weight aud purity of the metals used in coining be according to the prescribed standard. Assay-furnace, as-sa-fur'-nase, s. A furnace used in the process of assaying. Ass.aying, as-sa'-ing,s. The determination of the amount of any particular metal in a metallic compound. Assat-master, as-sa'-wias'-’*5f'-«ni-Ze. ad. So as to assist. Assister, assist-cr, s One who lends -aia. Assistless, as-sist-ies, a. Without aid or help Assize, rts-sizc', 8. 1 Origmahy, an assembly of Assizes, <7.s-s4Z6’'-«’3, s.pl. / knights ana other substantial men, with a bailiff or jutice, for public business ; ap¬ propriately, a court held periodically in every county of England, hy special commission tc one or more ol the judges of the superior courts, for trying issues at nisi prhis, and criminal cases; the time or place of holding the court of assize. Assize, in a more geney'al setise, any court of justice ; a jury , a writ; a statute of regulation ; an ordinance regulating the weight, mea¬ sure, and price of certain articles of common consump¬ tion ; the weight, measure, or price itself. Assize, v.a. To fix the weight, measui*e, or price ol commodities; to assess, as taxes. Assized, assizd', pp. of the verb to assize. Assizer, ns-size'-er, s. An officer who has the care oi inspection of weights and measui-es. Assizor, assize'-er, 6. Di Scotland, a juror. Assober4 asso'-ber, v.a. To keep under. AssociABiLiTY,a#-so-5An-6i7'-e-f<;,s. The quality of being capable of association ; the quality of suffering som? change by sympathy. Associable, a$-so'shd-bl, a. That may be joined to or associated ; sociable ; companionable. In a medical sense, Liable to be affected by sympathy. Associablehess, as-so'shd-bl-nes, s. As.sociabiljty. Associate, as-so'-shate, v.a. To join in company, as a friend, companion, partner, or confederate; to accom pany; to unite in the same mass. — v.n. To unite in company; to keep company, im¬ plying intimacy ; to unite in action, or be affected by tlie action of a different part of the body. — a. Joined in interest, puipose, or office; confederate. In msd., connected by habit or sympathy. — 8. A companion; a partner; a confederate; an ally. Associateship, asso'shateship,%. The state or ofiice of an associate. Association , assoshe-a'shun, s. The act of associatin g; union ; asociety formed for transacting or carrying on some buGiness for mutual advantage, or for attaining some object; a partnership; a confederacy ; union of ASSOOIATIONAL [ 69 ] ASTEICTION things ; appo 8 iti 0 n,as of particles of matter; union or connection of ideas. AssociATioNjLLjas-so-s/ie-a'-fAun-al a. Pertaining to an association. Associative, Having the quality of as¬ sociating, or of being affected by sympathy. A8sociator4:«s-«o'-«^-^«»*,s. An associate; aconfederate. AssoiL,t oi-ioyVy v.a. To solve ; to answer; to release ; to absolve ; to soil; to stain. Assoilment, aS'SoyV-mentf s. Act of assoiling. Assonance, as'-so-nans, s. Resemblance of sounds. In rhetoric and poetry ^ resemblance in sound or termina¬ tion, without making rhyme. Assonant, ffs'-so-nrtnf, a. Having a I'esemblanceof sound. Assonate,^: a^-so-nate, v.n. To sound like a bell. Assort, as-sotify v.a. To range in order; to classify ; to furnish or store with all sorts. — v.n. To agree; to be in accordance with. Assortment, as-«ori'-w,a. Softening;mitigating;easing; tranquillizing; mild. Assubject,$ as-sub'~jekt, v.a. To make subject. AssuBJUGATEjt as-sub'-Jeto-gate, v.a. To subject to. AssvETJLCTioyi ,as-8ive-fak'~shun, s. The act of accustom¬ ing ; the state of being accustomed. Assuetude, as'-swe-tewa,s. Custom; use; habit. Assume, as-setorn', v.a. To take, to take upon one’s self; to arrogate; to take for granted, or without proof; to suppose as a fact; to appropriate; to pre¬ send; to affect; to take in appearance. — v.n. To be arrogant; to claim more than is due. In law, to take upon one’s self an obligation. Assumed, as-sewmd', pp. of the verb to assume. Assumer, as-sewm'-er, s. One who assumes; an arro¬ gant person. Assuming, as-setvm'-ing, a. Arrogant; haughty. — s. Presumption; arrogance. Assumpsit, as-snw/i'-sit, s. In law, a promise, or un¬ dertaking, founded on a consideration; an action founded bn a promise. Assumpt4: as-su7npt', v.a. To take up; to raise. Assumption, as-stenij/shun, s. The act of taking to one’s self; a taking upon one’s self; adoption; the act of taking for granted; supposition; the thing sup¬ posed ; a postulate or proposition assumed; the minor or second proposition in a categorical syllogism. In the Romish ana Greek Churches, the talung up a person into heaven; appropriately, a festival celebrated in honour of the miraculous ascent of the Yirgin Mary to heaven. Assumptive, as-sump'-tiv, a. That is or may be assumed. A;JsuMPTivELr,frs-sMwp'-^ttJ-ie,ad. By way of assumption. Assurance, as-shure'-ans, s. The act of assuring ; fixra persuasion; full confidence or trust; conviction; firm¬ ness of mind; intrepidity ; excess of boldness ; impu¬ dence ; laudable confidence; freedom from excessive modesty, timidity, or bashfulness; testimony of credit; any written or other legal evidence of the conveyance of property; insurance; a contract to pay a given sum in a certain event, as a person’s death. {Assurance is more used of life contingencies, and i/wwrance of other contingencies.) Assure, as-shure, v.a. To make certain; to give con¬ fidence by a promise, declaration, or other evidence; to confirm; to embolden; to make confident; to make secure; to insure ; %to affiance, to betroth. Assured, as-sheiord , pp. of the verb to assure. — a. Certain ; indubitable; not doubting; bold to excess. Assuredlt, as-shure'-ed-le, ad. Certainly; indubitably. Assuredness, as-shure'-ed-nes, s. The state of being as¬ sured; certainty; full confidence. Assurer, as-shure'-er, s. One who assures; one who insures against loss ; an insurer or underwriter. Assurqbnt, as-sur'-jent, a. Rising in a curve or arch. xVssoRiNGLY, aa-shure'-ing-le, ad. In a way to create assurance. Assyrian, as-sir'-e-an, a. Pertaining to Assyria, an ancient and extensive empire in Asia. — A native of Assyria Astarte, as-tar'-te, a. A Syrian goddess, the Ashtoretn of the Hebrews, and Juno of tlic Romans. Asteism, as'-te-izm, s. In rhetoric, genteel irony; a polite and ingenious manner of deriding another. Aster, as'-ter, s. Starwort, a genus of plants with beautiful radiated or compound flowers. Asteria, as-te'-re-a, s. A variety of sapphire. Asteri-alite, as-te'-re-A-lite, s. A fossil asterias. Asterias, as-te'-re-as, s. Stella marina, sea-star, or star¬ fish, a genus of the Radiata, or radiate animals. Asteriated, as-te'-re-a-ted, a. Radiated like a star. Asterisk, rts'-fer-t.sA:, s. The'figure of a star, thus C*) used in printing and writing, in reference to a note. Asterism, as^-ter-izm, s. A small cluster of stars eithc! included or not in a constellation ; t an asterisk. Asteritb, as'-ter-ite, s. Same as Asteria. Astern, d-8te7m', ad. In or at the liinder part of a ship, or towards the hinder part, or backwards; behind a ship, at any indefinite distance. Asteroid, as'-ter-oyd, s. A name given by Herschel to the four little planets between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, viz., Ceres, Pallas, Juno, and Vesta. Asteroidal, as-ter-oyd'-al, a. Resembling a star ; per¬ taining to the asteroids. Asterophtllite, as-ter-of-il-lite, s. Star-leaf, an ex¬ tinct fossil plant. Asteropodium, as-ter-o-po'-de-um, s. A kind of ex¬ traneous fossil. Astert,$ a-stert', v.a. To startle , to affright; to terrify Asthenic, as-then'-ik, a. Feeble ; without strength. AsTHENOLOGY.rt5-i/«eH-oZ'-o-je,s. The doctrine of diseases arising from debility. Asthma, astf-ma,^. A chronic, intermittent disorder of re¬ spiration, commonly attended with cough, wheezing, aud constriction of the chest. The term is also some¬ times applied to any chronic difficulty of breathing. Astumatic, ast-mat'-ik, 1 a. Pertaining to asthma Asthmatical, ast-maiZ-ik-al, / affected by asthma. Astipulate,$ as-iip'-yu-late, v.a. See Stipulate. Astipulation,!; rt5-ii^-yw-Za'-s/iun, s. See Ssipulation. Astomous, as'-^o-mus, a. Without a mouth: applied to an order of dipterous insects, and, in bot., to an order of mosses, the capsules of which have no apertui'e. AsTONEjj: as-tone', J Astony,:}: as-ton'-e ,) ’ Astoned,^: as-toand', 1 __ AsTONiEDji as-ton'-id, | AsTONiKDNEsSjj: as-ton'-id-iies, s. astonished. Astonish, as~to7i'-ish, v.a. To confound with some sud¬ den passion ; to amaze; to surprise. Astonished, as-ton'-isht, pp. of the verb to astonish. Astonishing, as-to7i'-ish-xng, a. Very wonderful; of a nature to excite great admiration or amazement. Astonishingly, as-ton'-ish-mg-le, ad. In a manner or degree to excite amazement. Astonishingness, as-toxi'-ish-mg-nes, s. The quality of exciting astonishment. Astonishment, as-to7i'-ish-ment, s. Amazement; con¬ fusion of mind ; wonder; surprise ; admiration. Astound, as-tozvnd', v.a. To astonish; to strike duiuH with amazement; to confound with fear or wonder. Astounding, as-toiond'-ing, a. Adapted to astonish. Astoundment,$ as-tozc7id'-ynezit, s. Amazement. Astraddle, ad. With the legs across a thing, or on different sides. Astr^ea, s. A species of coral zoophytes. In astr., the name of a small planet, or asteroid, dis¬ covered in December, 184.5, by M. Encke, of Dresden. In myth., the goddess of justice. Astragal, as'-trd-gal, s. A little round moulding, which surrounds the top or bottom of a column, in the form of a ring ; also, a round me aiding ou cannon near the mouth. Astragalus, as-zrag'-a-lus, s. In anat., the ankle or sling bone ; the upper bone of the foot, supporting the tibia. In oof., the Milk-vetch. Astral, a^-tral, a. Belonging to the stars ; stairy. Astral lamp, ns'-tral larzip, s. A lamp whose light is placed under a concave glass. Astray , A-stra', ad. Out of the right way, or proper place. Astrea, as-tre'-a,s. See Astkjea. AaTRiCT,+ as-triktf, v.a. To bind fast, to astringe, ci eonfine; to constrict; to contract. - a. Compendious ; contracted ; -t-bound, astricted. Astriction, as-trik'-shun, s. The act of binding close constipation ; a contraction of parts by applications . the stopping of fluxes or hemorrhages To terrify or astonish. Astonished. The state of being ASTEIOTIVE [ ro ] ATHIEST A.STiiiOTiv£, a. Binding; styptic. Astrictory, as-trikf-o-re, a. Astnngeiit; binding. Astride, , ad. Across, with the legs open. AeTRiFBaou8,+ as~tri/'~&r-us, a,. Bearing or containing stars. AstrigerouSjJ a. Bearing stars. Astrinoe, as-tHnf, v.a. To bind fast; to constrict; to cause parts to draw together. Astringed, as-trii^d',pp. of the verb to astringe. AsTaivQEVCTLfas-trinj-eiise, s. The power of contract¬ ing parts of the body ; that quality in medicines which binds, contracts, or strengthens parts that are relaxed. Astringent, as-trinf-ent, a. Binding; conti*acting; strengthening; opposed to laxative.—The astringent principle of vegetable substances is tannic acid. — s. A medicine that binds, or restrains discharges. Astrite, os'-^ri^e. ) s. Star-stone, see Asteria. Also, Astroit, as'-troyi,} a species of petrified madrepore. Astroonost, as-troy'-no-se, s. 4 . Astronomy. Astrography, a«- a. Pei’taining to as- Astronomical, as Wo-nom'-ik-al, / trononiy. Astronomically, as-tro-nom'-ik-al4e, ad. In an astro¬ nomical manner; by the pi’inciples of astronomy. AsTRONOMizE,t us-trou'-o-niizc.n. To study astronomy. Astronomy, as-^ron'-o-me,s. The science which teaches the knowledge of the celestial bodies, their positions, magnitudes, motions, and all consequent phenomena. Astroscope, as'-tro-skope, s. An astronomical instru¬ ment whereon the stars are delineated. Astroscopy, as-tros'-ko-pey s. Observation of the stars. Astrothemata, as-tro-them'-d-ta, s.pl. The places or positions of the stars in an astrological scheme of the heavens. Astrotheoloqy, as-tro-the-oV-o-je, s. Theology founded on the observation of the celestial bodies. Astrut, d-strut', ad. In a strutting maimer. Astun,$ d-s^un^ v.a. To stpn. Astute, as-tewt', a. Shi'ewd; keen; penetrating, cun¬ ning ; sagacious; subtle. Astutely, ad. Shrewdly; sharply; subtly. Astuteness, s. Shrewdness; cunning. Asunder, di-stm'-der, ad. Apai’t; into parts; sepai’ately. AswooNjJ d-sicoon'y ad. In a swoon. A.SYLUM, d si'-lum, s. Any place of retreat and security; a sanctuary; a refuge; an institution for the care or relief of the dumb, bliiid, destitute, &c. AsYMMETRAL,t d~sim'-me‘-tral, \ a. Disproportion- AsYMMETRicALji- d-sim-meif-rik-dly ] ate ;*without sym¬ metry. A.SYMMETRT,a-si7n'-nie-^re, 9 . The want of symmetry or proportion between the parts of a thing. Asymptote, as'-imp-tote, or d-eimpf-totey s. A line which approaches nearer and nearer to some curve, but, though infinitely extended, would never meet it. Asymptotical, as-imp-toif -ik-aly a. Belonging to an asymptote; ever approaching, but never meeting. Asynartbtb, d-sin-a'^'teef, a. Disconnected.—An asyn- artete sei^ence is one whose members ai’e not united by connecting particles, as, “I came, I saw, I con¬ quered.”—An asynartete verse is one consisting of two members, having different rhythms. A-syn DBTON, d-sin'-de-ion, s. In rhetoric, a figure which omits the connective, as, rem, vidi, vici. At, at^ prep. In general, at denotes presence or nearness, but It is less definite than tn or on ; at the house may oe tn or near the house. It denotes, also, towards, xviih, in, on, by, near by, in consequence of. The pe¬ culiar phrases in which at occurs, with appropriate lignificatieBs, ai e very numerous; at Uie si^t, is witli, present, or coining the sight, at tliis news, i present the news, on or with the approach or arrival of this news; at peace, at war, Is in a state of peaos or war, pieace or war existing, at ease, at play, at a loss, &c., convey the like idea at arms, is fur nished with, Dealing, or present with arms ; at hand is within reach of the hand, and therefore near; al my cost, is with my cost; at his suit, by or with his suit; at this declaration, that is. present, or coming this declaration; at his command, is either under liis command, that is, literally, coming or being come his command, in the power of, or in consequence of it he is good at engraving, at husbandry, that is, in per¬ forming tiiat business ; he deserves well at our hands, that is, from us. At first, at last, at least, at best, at the worst, at the highest or lowest, are phrases in which some noun is implied, as, at the first time or beginning ; at the last time, or point of time; at the least or best degree, &c.; all denoting an exti’eme point or superlative degree. At all, is in any mannei or degree. At ARAL, af d-bal, s. A kettle-drum; a Moorish tabour. Atacamite. d-taJe-d-mite, s. A native raurioTe of copper. Atagas, ar-d-gas, s. The red cock, or moor game. ATAGHAN,af^-a-$ra»,8. A small Turkish sabre; u. species of long dagger. Ataman, 8. A hetman, or Chief of the Cossacks. Atamasco, at-d-mas'-ko, s. A lily ot the amaryllis kind. Avar, af-ar. s. See Attar. Ataraxy, ar-«-ra.c-e, s. Calmness of mind; stoicalness. Ataxic, d-taaf-ik, a. In medicine, irregular. Ataxy, ai'-ax-e, s. 'W ant of order; disturbance; irregu¬ larity in the functions of the body or forms of adisease. Atche, af-tshe, s. A small Turkish silver coin. Ate, et. The preterit of the verb to eat. Ate, a'-te, s. In myth., the goddess of mischief. Atelene, aif-e-leen, a. In min., imperfect; amorphous. ATELESTiTE,ai-e les-tite,%. Ainineralresemblingsphene. ATELLAN,or satisfaction for an offence or a crime; $ to agree or be in accordance with, to accord. — v.a. To expiate; $to reduce to concord, to appease^ — $ ad. At one; together j at onee. Atoned, d-foanrr, pp of tho terb to aton 0 >. Atonement, d-iottc'-menijS. Agreement; reconciliation < expiation ; reparation ; compensation. In theologjj.thi expiation of sin made by the sufferings of Christ. Atoner, d-tcne'-er,s. He who maktie atonement. Atonic, d-ion'-tA, a. Debilitated; wanting tone. Atony, at-o-ne, s. Debility of body ; want of tone. Atop, d-iop', ad. On or at the top. Atrabilarian, at-rd-bii~a'-re-an, 1 a. Replete with hlacli ATRABIL.^.RI0Ds,a^-rff-6^^-^l'-^■e-M5,j bile; affected with melancholy', which the ancients attributed to the bile. Atrabilariousness, at-7'd-hil-af-re-us-nes^ s. The state of being melancholy, or affected with disordered bile. Atrabiliarv, at-rd-hiV-yd-re, a. Melancholic or hypo¬ chondriacal, from a superabundance of black bile. Atramentaceods, at-rd~ment-a'~shus, Atramental, at-rd-ment'-al, Atramentous, at-rd-ment'-us, Atramentarious, at-rd~me7xt-a'-re-US, able for making ink. Atred,^ a'-trd, a. Tinged with a black colour. Atrip, d-trip', ad. In 7iau. Ia7\g., a term applied to the anchor when it is drawm perpendicularly out of the ground,and to the sails when hoisted to the mast-head. Atrium, at'-re-um, s. In ancient ai-ch., a court-yard, or portal open to the air, in the front of a dwelling. Atrocious, d-tro'-shus, a. Extremely heinous, criminal, or cruel; horrible ; outrageous ; $ very grievous. A trociously ad. In an atrocious manner; with enormous cruelty or guilt. Atrociousness, d-tro'-shus-7ie8, s. The quality of being enormously criminal or cruel. Atrocity, d-tros'-e-te, s. Horrible wickedness. Atrophy, af-ro-fe, s. Emaciation or wasting away of the body, arising from defective nutrition. Atropina, ai-ro-pt'rMd,) s. A vegetable alkaloid extract- Atropia, d-tro'-pe-d, ] ed from the deadly nightshade. Atrous, a'-trus, a. Intensely black. Attach, at-tatsh’ v.a. To seize; to lay hold on; to affix; to connect with; to annex; to win or gain over; to fix to one’s interest; to enamour. In laiv, to arrest the person or lay hold of property by writ, to answer for a debt or demand. Attachable, at-tatsh'-d-bl, a. That may be attached. Attache, s. One attached to another, as a pait of his suite or attendants, particularly one attached to the suite of an ambassador. Attached, ut-tatsht', pp. of the verb to attach. Attachment, at-tatsh'-me7it, s. Adherence; fidelity; regard; affection; inclination; fondness; that by which one thing is attached to another; an adjunct. In law, a tah ’ng of the person, goods, or estate by u writ or prece. t in a civil action, to secure a debtor demand; a wt; > directing the person or estate of a person to be tai^en, to secure his appearance before a court. It is ca 'ed a foreign attachment when laid on property of the aehtorin the hands of a third person Attack, at-tah', v.a. To assault; to assail; to invade ; to beset; to combat; to impugn ; to criticize. — 8 Assault; invasion ; a falling on, with force or vio¬ lence, or with calumny, satire, or criticism. Attackable, at-tak'-d-bl, a. That can be attacked Attacked, at-takf, pp. of the verb to attack. Attacker, at-tak'-er, s. One who assaults or invades. Attacottic^ at-td-kot'-tik, a. Pertaining to the Atta cotti, a tribe of ancient Eritons, allies of the Scots. Attagas, af-td-gas, \ s. A variety of the pheasant, found Attagen, at'-td-jen, J in the south of Europe. Attaghan, at'-td-gan. See Ataghan. Attain, at-tay7i', v.n. To reach; to come tO,orarriveat. — v.a. To gain ; to compass; to achieve; to reach or come to, by progression or motion; to reach in «ccel lence or degree; to equal. —t 8. Attainment; the thing attained. Attainability, at-tay7i-d-bil'-e-te, s. Attainableness. Attainable, at-tny7i'-d-bl. a. That may be attained. Attainabli NESS, at-tay7i'-d-bl-nes, s. The quality of being attainable. Attainder, 8. In laiOythe act of attainting, articularly with respect to treason; a corruption of lood, or a deprivation of all civil rights and of the power to inherit or transmit property, consequent on a sentence of death or outlawry far treason or felony. Attained, at-taynd', pp. of the verb to attain. Attainment, at-tayn-ment, s. The act of attaining; that which is attained; an acquisition; an acquirement. Attaint, v.a. To taint or corrupt; to disgrace; to stain; to convict of felony, especially of treosoa, and depnve of all inheritance and civil r^hts. } a. Inky ; black like ink. a. Like ink ; suit- ATTAINT [ 73 3 ATTEACTION ATTAi?rT, at-taynf, s. A stain, spot, or taint; $ anj Ihiii" injurious: a blow or wound on the legs or feet of a horse. In laio, a writ against a jury for giving a false verdict in any court of record. — X a. Convicted. Attaintment, at-taynt'-menty s. The being attainted. Attainture, at-taynt'-yur,s. A staining or rendering infamous; a stain ; a reproach; an imputation. Attaminatb4' at-tain'~in-ate, v.a. To corrupt. Attar of roses, at'-tar ov ro'-zez, s. Se^ Otto. Attask,? at-iUs^, T.a. To task ; to tax. Attastb4 at-taysf, v.a. To taste. Attemper, at-tein'-per, v.a. To reduce or moderate by mixture; to soften ; to mollify ; to mix in just propor¬ tion ; to regulate ; to fit or make suitable. Attemperancb,^ at-tem'-per-ans,s. Temperance. Attempbrate, at-tem'-per-ate, a. Tempered; propor¬ tioned; suited. — $v.a. To attemper. Attempered, at-tem'-perd, pp. of the verb to attemper. Attemperly ,X at~tem-per-le, ad. In a temperate manner. Attemperment, at-tem'-per-ment. s. A tempering or due proportion. Attempt, ai-iewjpi' ,v.a. To try; to endeavour; to essays to use exertion for any purpose; to make tri^ or ex¬ periment ; to attack; to venture upon. — s. An essay, trial, or endeavour ; an effort to gain a point; an attack ; an undertaking; enterprise. ATTEMPTABLE,a^-^emp^'-^i-6^,a. That may be attempted, tried, or attacked; liable to an attempt. ATTEMPTEB,ai-^e7nj:>i'-er,s. One who attempts, or attacks. Attend, v.a. Toaccompany; to escort; to wait on; to be present in obedience to a summons, or in pur¬ suance of duty ; to visit customarily or frequently, to be united with ; to be consequent to ; to await; to wait for insidiously ; to regard ; $to heed; jto expect. — v.n. To listen ; to regard with attention; to wait; to be within call; X to stay ; to delay. Attendance, s. The act of waiting on; a being present on business of any kind ; presence ; ser¬ vice ; the persons attending; a retinue; attention; re¬ gard; careful application of mind ; ^expectation. Attendant, at-tend'-ant, a. Accompanying as subordi¬ nate or consequential. In law, depending on or owing service to. — s. One who attends oraccompanies; one who belongs to the train ; one who is present; that which accom¬ panies or is consequent to. In law, one who owes duty or service to, or depends on anothei*. AxTENDERjt a^-^eMrf'-cr,s. All attendant; a companion. Attendinqly,$ at-tena'-ing-le, ad. With attention. Attent,$ ai-• to its princi pal city, Athens; hence, Attic wit, or Ae, applied to the surface. Auscultatory, a. Pertaining to hear - ing or listening. Auspicate, v.a. To give a favourable tui’n to m commencing ; to foreshow. Auspice, s. 1 Inrtn^t(7.,theomcnoromen9 Auspices, aie'-spis-es, s.pl. ) of an undertaking, dra's^m from birds; augury. In present ttsp, and generally in the pZwraZ, protection; patronage; influence. Auspicial,$ aw-spish'-al, a. Relating to prognostics. Auspicious, aw-spish'-us, a. Having omens' of success, or fhvourable appearances; prosperous ; fortunate; propitious; lucky; happy. Auspiciously ad. With favourable omens, happily; prosperously; favourably; propitiously. Auspiciousness, s. A state of fair pro¬ mise; prosperity. Auster, aws'-ter, s. The south wind. Austere, aic-sieer', a. Severe; harsh, rigid; stem, sour ; rough and astringent to the taste. Austerely, oie-sieer'-Ze,ad. Severely; rigidly; harshly. Austereness, aio-steer'-nes, s. Severity in manners, harshness; austerity; roughness in taste. Austerity, aw-stcr'-e-te, s. Severity of manners or life rigour; strictness; harsh discipline. Austral, av;s'-tral, a. Southern, lying or being in the south, as, the austral sig7is. Australasia, G74>s-fraZ-a'-s/id,s. A general name forthose countries situated to the south-east of Asia, compre¬ hending Australia or New Holland,New Guinea, New Zealand, &c. Australasian, aivs~tral-a'-shan, a. Pertaining to Aus¬ tralasia. Australia, aw$-tra'~le-d, s. The name by which the largest of the insular countries comprehended under the term Australasia, is now known : it was formerly more commonly called New Holland. Australian, aws-tra'-le-an, a. Pertaining to Australia. — s. A native of Australia. Australize, aws'-tral-ize, v.n. To tend southward. Austrian, aws'-tre-an, a. Pertaining to Austria. — 8. A native of Austria. Austrine, a. South; southerly; southern. Austromancy, aws'-tro-man-se, s. The art of predicting future events from ohseiwation of the winds. Autarchy, i aw'-tar~ke, s. Self-sufficiency. Authentic, aw~then'-tik, 1 a. IlaTing a genuine Authentical, aw~thbf\'-tik-al, | origin or authority ; genuine; true. In law, vested with all due formali¬ ties, and legally attested. Authentic melodies, in music, are such as have their principal notes con¬ tained between the key-note and its octave. Authentically, aw~theiv-tik-al-le, ad. In an authentic manner; with the requisite or genuine authority. Authenticalness, aw-theit-tik-al-nes, s. The quality of being authentic: authenticity; genuineness. Authenticate, aw-tlien'-tik-ate^y .b.. To render authen¬ tic ; to entitle to credit; to give authority to, by the necessary formalities; to establish by proof; to deter¬ mine as genuine. Authentication, aw-then-tik-a'-shun, s. The act of authenticating; confirmation. Authenticity, aw-then~tis'~e-te,&. The quality of bein‘» authentic ; genuineness ; authority. ® Authbnticly, aw-then'-tikAe, ad. In an authentic manner AUTHENTICNESS [ 75 ] AVATAR A.TrTHB 2 iTicNBS 8 ,+ auf-then'-txk-fies, 8. AutTienticity. Author, aw'-ther, 8. One who produces, create, or brings into being; the beginner, C./rmer, or first mover of any thing; the efficient cause of a thine ; appro¬ priately, one who composes or writes a book, or ori¬ ginal work ; a writer in general. —X v.a. To occasion ; to effect. Author'ess, aio'-ther-es, s. A female author. Authorial, $ aio-tho'-re-al, a. Pertaining to an author. Authoritative, aiv-thor'-e-ta-tiv, a. Having due au¬ thority , having an air of authority; positive; dicta¬ torial; peremptory. Authoritatively, aw-thor'-e-ta-tiv-le, ad. In an au¬ thoritative manner; with due authority. Auth'''RItativenes8, aw-thor'-e-ta-tiv •nes,%. The quality of being authoritative; an acting by authority. Authority, aw-thor'-e-te, s. Legal power, or a right to command or to act; power ; rule; control; warrant; order; permission ; influence ; credit; testimony ; witness; credibility; weight of character; dignity; precedents ; official declarations; respectable opin lons and sayings, or the books that contain them, the exe¬ cutive government of a country. Authorization, aw-thor-e-za'-shun, s. The act of giving authority, or legal power ; establishment by authority. Authorize, aw'-tner-ize, v.a. To give authority, war¬ rant, or legal power to; to give a right to act; to esta¬ blish by auUiority; to give authority, credit, or re¬ putation to ; to justify; to support as right. Authorized, aw'-ther-izd, pp. of the verb to authorize. Authorless, ato'-thcr-les, a. "Without author or au¬ thority. ,, ^ ^ Authorship, axo'-thcr-ship, s. The quality or state of being an author. Autobiographical, aio-to-be-o-graf'-ik-al, a. Pertain¬ ing to, or containing autobiography. Autobiographically, axo-to-be-o-graf -ik-al-le, ad. In the way or manner of autobiography. Autobiography, The biographyor memou’s of a man's life written by himself. Autocarpious, axD-to-karp'-e-xis, a. In hot., applied to such fruit as consist of pericarp only. Autochthon, nxv-tok'-thou, s. One who is supposed to have sprung from the soil he inhabits: the term was used by the ancient Greeks to designate native races supposed to be indigenous. Hence, an aboriginal; a native ; that which is original to a particular country, or which had there its first origin. Autochthonic, 1 Indigenous. Autochthonous, rtte-® Autocracy, axo-tok' rd-se,^. Independent power; su¬ preme, uncontrolled authority, or right of governing, vested in a single person. Autocrat, is. An absolute prince or Autocrator, axv-tokf-rd-ter, t sovereign: atitleassumed by the emperors of Russia. Autocratic, axv-to-krat'-ik, 1 a. Pertaining to au- Autocbatical, axo-to-kraf-ik-al, ] tocracy ; absolute. Autocratorical, axv-to-krat-or'-ik-al, a. Pertaining to an autocrat; supreme ; absolute. Autocratrix, axv-tok'-rd-trix, Is. A female absolute Autocratrice, ) sovereign. Auto da T-E.aw'-to dd fa'. l-n.tb.QRomanCatholicChxirch, a solemn day held by the Inquisition, for the punish¬ ment of heretics , a sentence given by the Inquisition, and read to a criminal, or heretic, immediately before his execution ; the session of the Court of Inquisition. Autogeneal,$ aiv~to-je'-ne-al, ) a. Self-begotten ; gene- AuTOGBNous, ) rating itself. Autograph, cfw'-fo-gra/,s. Aperson’s own hand-writing. Autographal, la. Pertaining to an A.vtoqka.phic, axo-to-gr autograph, or one’s Autographical, aio-to-gx'af'-ik‘al,) own hand-writing; pertaining to, or used in autography. Autography , axv-tog'-rd-fe, s. An original ^manuscript; a process in lithogr:!; !;;/,by which a writing or draw¬ ing is transferred fi i.' , japer to stone, Automalite, s. A variety of the mineral corundum ^occurring iu f>mall, dark*green octahedi’ons: it is the spinelle ziheifere of Haiiy. Automata, axv-tom'-d-td, s.pl. See Automaton. Autom ATAL,J axo-tom'-d-talyd^. Automatical; automatous. Automath, axo'-to-math, s. One who is self-taught. Automatic, ) a. Belonging to an au- Automatical, / tomaton ; having the power of moving itself; mechanical; not depending on the ^vill. applied to those functions wluch are peifonnod involuntanly in the animal system. Automaton, axc-tom' A-ton, 8. A self-moving machine^ or one which moves by invisible macliinery. (The classical plural is uiitotunfa , but the regular English plural, automatons, is mostly usea.) Automatous, axv-tom'-A-tus, a. Having the power of motion withiu itself. Automolitb, aw-ior?*'-o-Ziie, 9. See AuTOMiLiTE. ATJTOSOKKST,atv-to-noin'-a.-se,&. lnrhet.,a. woidof com¬ mon or general signification, used for tke name of a particular thing, as, the man has gone to toxvn, instead of London. Autonomian, axv-to-no'-me-an, a. Pertaining to auton¬ omy. Autonomous,_ axo-ton'-o-mus, a. Independent in govern¬ ment; having the right of self-government. Avtosou^ ,-faxv-ton'-o-me,s. The power or right of self- government; the living according to one’s own law. Autopsical, axv-top'-sik-al, a. See Autoptical. Autopsy,-!- aio'-top-se,s. Personal observation or exami¬ nation ; ocular view. AvTOTTicA.i.,axv-top'-tik-al,a.. Seen with one’8 own cyc$ Autoptically, axv-top'-tik-al-le, did. By means of ocuht view, or one’s own obserY'ation. Autoschediastical,$ axv-to-sked-e.-as'-tik-al, a. Hasty, slight; extemporary. Autumn, axo'-tum, s. The third season of the year, oi the season between summer and winter. Astroyiomi- cally, autumn begins at the equinox, when the sun enters Ztfera, and ends at the winter solstice ; but,po/)u- larly,it comprises September, October, and Novoniber. Autumnal, axv-tum'-nal, a. Belonging or peculiar to autumn ; produced or gathered in autumn. The tumnal Equinox is when the sun crosses the equinox about the 22nd of September —•8. A plant that flowers in autumn. AutumnitYjJ axv-tum'-7ie-fe, s. The season of autumn. Auxests, axvx-e'-sis, s. An increasing. In rhet., a figure by which any thing is magnified too much. ^ Auxetic, aivx-et'-ik, a. Amplifying; increasing. Avxii.jA.R,axvg-zil'-yar, ' ) a. Helping; aiding; as- Auxiliary, «tcg-ztZ'-yrt-rc,) sisting; subsidiary. Auxiliaries, axvg-zil'-yA-riz, s.pl. Poreign troops in the service of nations at war. Auxiliary, axvg-ziV-yd-re, s. A helper; an assistant; a confederate. In gx-axnxnnr, a verb wliicli helps to form the moods and tenses of other verbs, as, nave, he, xnay, can, do, mxist, shall, and xvill. AuxiliatioNjJ axvg-zxl-ya'-shxinj s. Help, aid, succour Auxiliatory,$ awg-ziV-yd-to-re, a. Assisting. Avail, d-vayV , v.a. To profit one’s self; to turn to ad vantage; to assist; to aid. — v.n. To be of use, or service; to answer the purpose. — s Profit; advantage ; benefit; utility. Availability , d-vayl-d-biV-e-te, s. Availableness. Available, d-vayV-d-bl, a. Profitable ; advantageous , efficacious: having sufficient force or power; valid. Availableness, d-vaxjl'-d-bl-nes, s. Competent power ; efficacy; legal force: validity. Availably, d-vayl'-d-ole, ad. Powerfully; profitably advantageously; efficaciously; validly; legally. Availed, d-vayld', pp. of the verb to avail. Av ailment,-! d-vayl-ment, s. Profit; efficacy; useful ness; successful issue. Avails, A-vaylz', s.pl. Profits or proceeds. Avalanche, axf -A-longsh, s. A snow-slip ; a large body of snow or ice sliding down a mountain. Avale,$ A-vayl', v.a. To let down; to cause to descend, to depress, or to make abject. —X v.n. To faU; to sink; to descend; to dismount. Avant-courier, Af-vo7ig-koo'-re-a, or koor'-e-er, s. One who is dispatched before another person or company to notify his or their approach. Avant-guard, H-vong-gax'd, s. The van or advanced body of an army. Avanturine, A-van'-texv-riix, s. A glittering variety of micaceous quartz. Avarice, ayf-a-ris, s. An inordinate desire of gaming and possessing wealth; covetousness; cupidity. Avaricious, av-A-rish'- us, a. Covetous ; greedy of gain. Avariciously, av-A-x'ish'-us-le , ad. Covetously ; with inordinate desire of gaining wealth. Avariciousness, av-a-msh'-xis-nes , s. The quality of be • ing avaricious; insatiable or inordinate passion for accumulating wealth; niggardliness. AtarouSjJ ax/-A-rxis, a. Covetous. Avast, d-vast', excl. Cease ; stop ; stay: a sea-term. Avatar, ov-d-tar', or A-vd'-tar, 8. In Hindoo fnxjthologp the incarnation of a deity. AVAUNCEMEMT [ 76 ] AVOW A vAtrNCEMENTjJ (i-vawn^-ment^ 8. Advancercsnt. IVAUNT,A-^5a^^>7l^',excl. Hence; begone; depart: aword of contempt or abhorrence, v.a. To boast; to vaunt. v.n. To advance; to come boastfully before another. Avaunt, t a-vawihif, AvauntancejJ ti-vawnt'~am, } s. Boasting, Avai:ntry,$ j Avb, a'-re, 8. An Ave Mary. Avel,$ h-x>eV, v.a. To pull out or away. Ave maria, a' ^ s. In the 'Roman Catholic Ave MARY, a'-vejna'-re, / C%urc/i, an address or prayer to the Virgin Mary. Avenaceous, av-e-na'-shus, a. Belonging to, or partak¬ ing of the nature of oats Avenage, av'-e-naje, s. A certain quantity of oats paid by a tenant to a landlord in lieu of rent or other duty. Avener, ) av'-e-ner, s. A name anciently given to an Avenor, / officer of the king’s stable, who had charge of the horses’ provender. Avenge, v.a. To take satisfaction for an injury by indicting suffering on the injuring party ; to vin¬ dicate ; to revenge. The words avenge and revenge were originally synonymous, but they are now made distinct, the former being restricted to the taking of ’ust punishment, and the latter to the inflicting of pain or evil, maliciously, in an illegal manner. In the passive form, this verb signifies to have or receive just satisfaction, by the punisliment of the offender. — $s. Ilevenge. Avengeance,$ a-venf-nns, s. Punishment; vengeance. Avenged, a-venjd', pp. of the verb to avenge. Avengement, ii-venf-ment, s. Vengeance; punisliment; the act of taking satisfaction for an injury, by in¬ flicting pain or evil on the offender; revenge. Avenger, a-venj'-cr, s. One who avenges or vinclicates- Avenqeress, a-venf-er-es, s A female avenger. Avens, av'-enz. s. The herb bonnet, Genm urbanum. Aventailb, av-ent-axjl, s. The visor of a helmet. Aventine, av'~en tine, a. Pertaining to Mount Aven- tinus, one of the seven hills of Rome. Aventure, a-ven'-tyur, s. A mischance causing a per¬ son’s death without felony. Aventurine, a-ventf-yu-rine. See Avantubine. Avenue, a\/-e~new, s. An entrance into a place; an alley, or walk in a garden or park, planted with trees, and leading to a house, gate, wood, &c.; a wide street. Aver, v.a. To declare in a positive manner; to affirm ; to assert. In law^ to offer to verify. Average, ai/~er-aje, s. A mean proportion; a medium; a medial sum, or quantity, made out of unequal sums or quantities. In commerce, a contribution (called general average) to a general loss, as, for example, when,for the safety of a ship in distress, any destruc¬ tion of property is incurred, either by cutting away the masts, throwing goods overboard, or other means, all persons who have goods on board, or property in the ship, conti’ibute to the loss according to their average, that is, the goods of each on board. There are also some small charges called petty or accustomed averages, payable by the shippers of goods to the master of the ship, over and above the freight, for his care of the goods.—Z7po7», or on an average, is taking the mean of unequal numbers or quantities. — a. Medial; containing a mean proportion. — v.a. To find the mean of unequal sums or quantities; to I’educe to a medium , to proportion. — v.n. To form a mean or medial sum or quantity. Averaged, av'-er -ayjd, pp. of the verb to average. Averment, (:-ver’-rneni, s. The act of averring; affirma¬ tion : positive assertion; establishment by evidence. In pleading, an offer of either party to justify or prove what he alleges. Avernat, &-ver-nat, s. A sort of grape. Avernian, ^ver'-ne-an, a. Pertaining to the lake Aver- nus, in Italy, famous for its poisonous qualities. AVERNU8, d-ver'-nus, s. A lake of Italy, ten miles west of Naples, fabled by the ancients as the entrance to the infernal regions. VERPENNY, Gi/-er-pen-ne, s. A contribution in money formerly paid towards conveying tlie king’s carriages. kvERRED, d-verd', pp. of the verb to aver. Averroist, 8 . One of a sect of peripatetic philosophers, so denominated from Averroes, a cele¬ brated Arabian author. They professed to be Chris¬ tians, but denied the immortality of the soul. AlVerruncate, av-lr-ru'>tW-ate, v.a. To root up, to scrape or tear away by the roots; to prune. Avbrruncation, av-er-runk-a!'-shun, 8 . ITie act of tear ing up or raking away by the roots; the act of pruiiing. Averruncator, av-er-runk-a'-ter, s. An instrument for pruning trees, consisting of a pair of shears fixed on the end of a rod or pole. Aversation,$ av-er-sa'-shun, s. Aversion ; abhorrence. Averse, a-vers^, a. Having a repugnance of mind, un¬ favourable ; unwilling; contrai'y to ; hostile; reluctant; t: reversed. In ornith., applied to the posterior ex¬ tremities when attached to the trunk near the anus, so that the body is held erect, as in the penguin. Aversely, o-uers-Ze, ad. AYith repugnance ; unwillingly. Averseness, d-vers^-7ies, s. Opposition of mind ; dislike ; unwillingness; disinclination ; backwardness. Aversion, d-ver-shun,^ s. Repugnance of mind; anti¬ pathy; hatred; dislike; disinclination; opposition, contrariety of nature ; the cause of dislike. Avert, d-vert' ,'V.'o.. To turn from ; to tuirn off or away , to keep off, divert, or prevent; +to cause to dislike. — v.n. To turn away. Averter, d-vert'-er, s. One who turns away or averts, a preventer; that which turns away. Aviary, a'-ve-d-re, s. A building or enclosed place f(>r keeping rare and curious birds ; a bfrd-cage. Avidious, a. Eager; greedy. Avidiously, aci. Eagerly; greedily. Avidity, d-vid'-e-te, s. Greediness; eagerness. Avigato, av-e-gii-to, s. See Avocado. Avignon 'Q,Y.ViVJ\,i^-vin-yongher'-re,%. The fruit of Ihd Rhanimcs infectorius, used as a yellow dye or paint. Avile,^: d-vile', v.a. To depreciate. Advice; intemgence. Avise,^ 1 d-vize', v.n. To counsel; to consider, to Avi 2 e,$ ] examine. Avisement,^ d-vizc'-ment, s. Advisement; counsel. Avitous.J av'-e-Uis, a. Left by an ancestor; ancient. Avocado, fly-o -Ad'-tZo, s. A West Indian tree, the Fersea gratissinia, or its fruit, the alligator-pear. AvocAT,at;'-o-Ad,s. (Fr.) An advocate; a counsellor at law Avocate^ av'-o-kate, v.a. To call off, or away. Avocation, av-o-ka'-shxm, s. Tlie act of calling off or aside, or of diverting from some special employment; the business w'hich calls aside ; any pursuit or occupa¬ tion. (This word in strictness should be applied only to the smaller aifairs of life, or occasional calls whicii summon a person to leave his vocation, or principal business, trade, or profession.) Avocative,^ d-vo'-ka-tiv, a. Calling off. — s. That which calls aside ; dissuasion. Avoid, d-voj/d', v.a. To keep at a distance from ; to shun, to eschew; to elude; to evade or escape; X evacuate, to quit; $to einitorthrow out. In law,to make void , to annul or vacate ; in pleading, to set aside and defeat opposing allegations, by introducing new matter. — v.n. To become void or vacant; 41 to retire, to withdraAv. Avoidable, d-voyd'-u-hl,'d.’that may be avoided, shunned, or escaped; that may be vacated or annulled. Avoidance, d-voyd'-ans, s. The act of avoiding or shun¬ ning ; the act of annulling ; the course by Avhich any tiling is carried off; the act of becoming vacant; the state of being vacant. AvoiDER,«-ro7/G'-tjr, s. One Avho avoids, shuns, or escapes the person who carries any thing away; the vessel in which things are carried away". Avoidless, d-voyd'-les, a. Unavoidable ; inevitable. Avoirdupois, av-er-,d-wawrd', v.a. To adjudge; to assign by sentence. — v.n. To judge ; to determine ; to make an award. — s. Judgment; sentence; the decision of arbitrators in a given case; the paper containing such a decision. Awarder, d-wawrd'-er, s. One who awards, or assigns by sentence or judicial determination; a judge. ^ Aware, a. Apprised; acquainted; conscious; vigilant, watchful, cautious — X v.n. To beware; to be cautious. AwarNjJ d-wawrn', v.a. To caution ; to ivarn. Awatcha, (i-wotsh'‘(i, s. Asingingbird of Xamtschatka. Away, d-iva', ad. Absent; at a distance ; apart; from. As an exclamation, away, is a command or invitation to depart; be gone, or let us go. Away with, is a com¬ mand to remove or take from the presence. “ I can¬ not away with,” in Isaiah i. 13, signifies, ^ I cannot bear or endui'e.” To make away with, is to destroy. Awayward,$ d-wa'-ward, ad. Away, turned aside. Awe, aw, s. Reverential fear or veneration; dread in¬ spired by something great or terrific. ^ — v.a. To strike with fear and reverence; to influence by fear, terror, or respect. Aweary, h-we'-re, a. Tired; weary. Aweather, d-tveXAi'-eYf ad. On the weather side, or to¬ wards the wind; opposed to alee: a nautical term. Awe-band, aw'-band, s. A check. « -i • • 4 -\. A.'WE-coTAM.k'NDi'SG,ai(/-kotn-ma 7 id'-iug,Q,. Striking with, or influencing by awe Awed, awd, pp. of the verb to awe Aweigh, d-wa', ad. Atrip. In nau. lang., an anchor is said to be aweigh when it is just dra-wn out of the ground and hangs perpendicularly. Awe-struck, aw'-struk, a. Impressed with awe. Awful, aw'-jul, a. That strikes with awe or profound reverence; solemn; dreadful; fearful; terrible ■ scru¬ pulous ; t obedient, or having due awe of authority. Awful-eyed ,± aw'-J'id-ide, a. Having eyes exciting awe. Awfully, aux-fCd-le, ad. In an awfiU manner. Awfulness, aw'-ful-nes, s. The quality of being awful; solemnity. „ , . ^ AwHAPE,i d-tfjap 0 ',v.a. Tostrike; toconfound; to terrify. Awheels,^ d^weelz', ad. On wheels Awhile, d-wile', 2 x 6 .. A space of time; sometime; for a short time; an interyad. AwhitjJ d-witf, ad. A jot; a tittle. Awk^: awk, a. Odd; out of order ; awkward. Awkward, awk'-ward, a. Clumsy ; wanting dexterity, inexpert; ungainly; ungraceful m maimers; Inelegant; unfortunate; unfavourable; untoward; $ adverse. Awkwardly, aicfc'-ward-Ztfiad. In an awkwaidmanner. Awkwardness, aM7A;'-w'ard-?ie.s, s. Clumsiness; ungrace- fuV.iess in imtuiicrs; want of dexterity. Awl, aw'., s. A sharp iron instrument for piercing sm holes, used by shoemakers and other workers in leather. Awless, aw'-le8,SL. Wanting reverence ; voi'* of respeci- itil fear; wanting power to awe. Awlwoet, axoV^wurt, s. Tlie popular name of the plant subularia aquatica, or rough-leaved alysauxn. Aum *} ^ Dutch liquid measure, see Aam. Awn, awn, s. The beard or slender sharp process issuing from the chaff or glume in corn and grasses. Awned, awnd. a. In bot., beai’ded ; having awns. Awning, aii'M-mgr, 8. A cover of canvas or other ma¬ terial to shelter from the sun’s rays In xtaval arch that part of a poop deck w’hich is continued forward beyond the bullc-headof the cabin. Awnlbss, awn'-Zes, a. AVithout awns; beardless. Awny, awft'-e, a. Having awns; full of beard. Awoke, d-woke^. The preterit of Aivake. Awork,$ d-wiirk', 1 ad. At work ; in a slate of Aworking,$ d-wurk'-ing, j working or action. Awry, d-ri'^ a. or ad. Turned or twisted towards one side; not in a straight or true dii’ection, or position; a.squint; 'with oblique vision; turned aside from tlie line of truth, or right reason; perverse or perversely. Axal, ax'-al, a Relating to the axis. Axay ACATL, ax-d-ya'-katl, s. A Mexican fly whose eggs are used as a sort of caviare. Axe, ax, s. An instrument, usually of iron, for hewing timber, and chopping wood. Axe-helve, aaf-helv, s. The handle of an axe. AxESTON£,aa:'-sio?ie,s. A light green mineral, also called jade, or nephrite, found cluefly In New Zealand and the South Sea Islands, where ic is used by the rude natives for making axes and other instruments. Axial, ax'-e-al, a. Pertaining to an axis. AxiFEROus,aa;-i/-er-ws,a. Having simply an axis without leaves or appendages, as certain fungi, lichens, &c. Axiform, ax -e-form, a. In the form of an axis. Axil, ax-il, 1 s. In the angle formed on the Axilla, ax-iV-ld, ] upper side by a branch with the stem, or by a leaf with the stem or branch. Axile, ax'-U. a. Lying in the axis of any thing. Axilla, ax-il'-ld, s. In anatomy, the arm-pit. Axillar, axf-il-lar, \ a. Pertaining to the ami-pit. Axillary, aid-il-ld-re, j or to the axil of plants. Axil¬ lary leavv^s are those which proceed from the axilla. AxiNiTm ax'-in-ite, s. A mineral wliich occurs in bril¬ liant four-sided glassy crystals, with thin and sharp edges, somefhing like an axe. It is the thunderstone of Werner and lUrwan. Axinomancy, ax-iti'-o-man-se, s. In antiq., a species of divination performed by means of an axe orWtehet, which was fixed on a round stake, so as to be poised, and then the names of those suspected being repeated, he at whose name the axe fell was pronounced guilty. Axiom, 8 A self-evident truth, or a proposi¬ tion whose truth is so evident at first sight, tliat no process of reasoning or demonstration can make it plainer; an established principle in some art or science. Axiomatic, ax-e-o-mat'-ik, 1 a. Pertaining to an Axiomatical, aaj-e-o-maf'-tft-aZ, j axiom; having the nature of self-evident truths or received principles. Axiomatically, oa;-e-o-wac'-iA:-aZ-Zc, ad. By the use of axioms. AxiopiSTY,a;c'-6-o-p/sf-c,s. Worthiness of being believed. Axis, ax'-ts, s.; pi. Axes. The straight line, real or im¬ aginary, passing through a body, on which it revolves, or may revolve. In geom., a straight line in a pl.Tin fi gure, about which it revolves to produce a solid. In conic sections, a right line dividing the section into two equal parts, and cutting all its ordinates at right angles. In anat., a name of the second vertebra oi the neck. In 6 ofthe central part or column of a plant, around which the other parts are disposed. In opt,, a particular ray of light from any object falling perpendicularly on tlie eye: called also, the optic or visual axis. In mech., tlie axis of a balance,is line about which it turns. The axis of oscillation is a right line parallel to the horizon aboutwhieh a pendulum vibratos. The axis in perilra chio, or wheel and axis, is one of the six nicchani^i powers, consisting of a wheel concentric with a cylin¬ drical axis, with which it revolves. AxLs,ax'-l, IS. A piece of timber, OP b-^r of Axle-tree, / iron, which passes through ihe centre of a wheel, and on which it revolves. Axolotl, ax'-o-lotl, 8. A water lizard fbund in Mexico. Axotomoos, ax-ot'-o-mus, a. In m!n.,'n:»ving a cleavage with a single face, perpendicular to the axis. C 78 3 BAOEELOE AJirKcr*,andfather. Ay me, i-m^, exclam. Used by Milton for ah me I Ayrt, a'-re, s. Aerie. iVzALE A, A-zaf-le-A, s. A genus of beautiful shrubby plants, having richly-coloured trumpet or bell-shaped flowers, atid, in some species, highly fragrant. Azarolb, az'-A~role, s. A species of thorn. 1 A species Of plun.. Azimuth, az'-e~muth, s. In astr.. an arch of the horizon intercepted between the meridian of the place and the azimuth, or vertical circle, passing through the centre of any object. Azimuth$, or vertical circles, are great circles intersecting each other in the zenith and nadir, and cutting the horizon at right angles.— 3Iagnetical azimuth, is an arch of the horizon, intercepted be¬ tween the azimuth, passing through the centre of any heavenly body, and the magnetic meridian.— Azimuth compass, an instrument for finding either the mag¬ netic azimuth or amplitude of a heavenly object.— Azimuth dial, a dial whose stile or gnomon is at right angles to the plane of the horizon. Azimuthal, a. Pertaining to the azimuth. Azoic, fi-z-e-7on'-tA;-n7, j tumultuous; disorderly. Babyrodssa, oab~e-rows'-s(i, s. In zoology, the Indian hog, a native of Celebes and some of the Molucca islands. Babyship,± ba'-be-ship, s. Infancy ; childhood. Bag, ) bak, s. A ferry-boat or praam ; a large tub or Back, j vessel used in brewing and distilling, a cooler. Bacca, bak'-kd, s. In botany, a berry. Baccalaureate, bak-kd-law'-re-ate, s. The degree of bachelor of arts. Baccate, bak'-kate, a. In fcoi., berried; fleshy, that is. having seed contained in a fleshy finiit. Baccated, bak'-ka-ted, a. Having many benies; set or adorned with pearls. Bacchanal, ^ s. One who indulges Bacchanalian, bak-kd-na'-le-an, ] in diuinken revels. — a. Revelling in intemperate drinking; pertaining to revelUng and dioinkenness; riotous; noisy. Bacchanalianly, hak-kd~na'-le-an-le, ad. In the man¬ ner of bacchanals. Bacchanals, &aZ:'-Ad-«o7z, ls.pl. Druiilicn feasts, Bacchanalia, bak-na-na'-le-d, | the revels of baccha¬ nalians. In antiquity, feasts in honour of Bacchus. Bacchant, bakf^kant, s. A bacchanal; a reveller. Bacchante, 6aA:-A:an^', s.; pi. Bacchantes, 6aA:-/fcon'-frcz. Ill antiq., a priestess of Bacchus, or one who joined in the celebration of the feasts of Bacchus. Bacchic, bak'-kik, a. Jovial; drunken; mad with'in¬ toxication ; relating to Bacchus. Bacchius, bak-ki'-tis, s. In ancient poetry, a foot com posed of a short syllable and two long ones, as, dv&r\. Bacchus, hak'-kus, s. In myth., the god of wine and revelry, and son of Jupiter by Senielc. Bacciperous, bak-sif-er-us, a. Berry-beariu". Baccivorous, bak-siv'-o-rus, a. Subsisting on berries. Bachelor, batsh'~e-ler, s. A man M’ho has not been mj^rried; one who has taken the first degree at a uni¬ versity in the liberal aits and sciences ; a canon of the lowest rank ; anciently, a knight of the lowest order that is. a young knight, stvled a hniaht hacheJor ’ BAOHELOE’S-BUTTONS [ 79 ] BAITAS BACaELOR*8-BT7TTONS, batsh'-e-lorz-but'-iiiz, 8. A species of ranunculus, the herb campion. ... _ Bachelorship, hatsh'-e-ler-ship, s. The state of being a bachelor; the state of one who has taken his hrst degree in a coUege or university. Back bak, s. The hinder paid of the human body ; the unner part of an animal, particularly of a quadruped: the outward or convex part of the hand ■ " • __r-_ . part of anv thing opposed to the front; the rear; the place behind; the part opposite to, on the reverse side of, or most remote from, that which fronts the speaker or actor; the thick and strong part of a cuttmg tool, op¬ posed to the edge. , ,, i.- _ a That lies behind; that comes from behind; that is applied behind; that has been passed by. — ad. To the place from which one came; backward; to a former state, condition, or station ; behind ; not advancing ; not coming or bringing forward ; towards times or things past; again, in return; agam, a second —*^a' To mount; to get upon the back; +to place upon the back ; to support; to maintain; to second or strengtlien by aid; to sign or endorse, as a warrant or note of exchange; to put backward; to cause to re¬ treat or recede; to furnish with a Uick; to bet in favour of. To back the field, in horse-racing, is to bet a-^ainst a particular horse, or horses, that some one of ail the other horses in the field ivill beat them, lo back the oars, in rowing, is to keep the oars m such a position as to stay the motion of a boat. To back astern, is to manage the oai-s so as to move the boat stern foremost. -v.n. To move or go backward. B-ACKiiiTE, bak’-bite, v.a. To censure, slander, reproach, or speak evil of the absent. ... . Backbiter, bak'-bite-er, s. One w'ho slanders, calum¬ niates, or speaks ill of the absent. , . ^q,^2;tinq, bak'-bite-ing, s. The act of calumniating the absent; slander ; secret calumny. . , , Backeitinglv, bak’-bite-iug-le, ad. tri ith secret slander. Backboard, bak'-board, s. A board placed across the after part of a boat for the passengers to loan ag;unst; a board to fasten to the back, to correct an lU-hiibit ot slooDiiitf in young persons. Backbone, bak'-bone, s. The bone of the back; the spme. Backdoxes, bak'-box-ez, s.pl. Anions; the boxes on the top ot the upper case of types, usually appro¬ priated to small capitals. Backcarry. bak'-kar-re, 8 . A havini? on the back. Backdoor, uak'-dore, s. A door on the back part of a building ; a private entrance ; an indirect way. Backed, bakt, pp. of the verb to back. ^ _ — a. Having a back ; a word used in composition. Backer, hak'-er, s. One who backs or supports another in a contest. In arch., a small 8la‘;^5 laid on the back of a lari?e one, at certain intervals. Backfriend, hak'-frend, s. A secret enemy. BackgaaHmon, bak'-gam-mun, s. A game played by two pergous, witli box and dice, upon a board or table divided into two parts, upon which are twelve pomes of one colour and twelve of another, on which are placed ftfteeiA pieces, or men, of one colour for one player, and fifteen of another colour for the opponent. Background, s. Ground in the rear ; the rear ;obscuritv;shade ;asituationlittleseenor noticed. Backhanded, bak'-hand-edy^x. "With the hand turned backward; unfair. — ad. 'With the hand directed backward. Backhouse, hak'-howt, s. A building behind the mam or front building; a necessary . ^ ^ Backing, bak'-ing, s. The breakmg m of a colt for the saddle; the operation of preparing the back of a book for binding, before putting on the cover. Backinq-up, bak'-tng-nPf s. A tenn used in cricket and dther games, for stopping the ball and driving it back B ACKPAINTING, hakf-paynt-ing, s. The method of paint- inf' mezzotinto prints pasted on glass with oil colours. Backpiece, hakr-pees, s. The piece of armour which covers the hack. -r, ^ BACKRETURNyt bakf-re-tum, s. Repeated return. BackrooaM, bak'-room, s. A room behind the front room, or in the back part of the house. Backs oaA:s, s.pl. Among (fearer's m Zsai/ier, the thickest and best tanned hides, used for sole leatlier. BACKSET,6aAf-s€f ,+pp. ora. Attackedin the rear; pursued, -a. A check; .1 relapse. (Scotch.) Backside, bak'-s- U, s. The back part of any thing ; the hind part of ai> inimal; the posteriors. Backslide, bak-ilide , v.n. To fall off; to apostatize. Backslider, 6a/: slidr-er^s. An apostate. Backsliding, bak-slide'-ing, s. The act of apostatl'/!ng, apostasy ; transgression; desertion of duty. Backstaff, baJy-stu/, s. A kind of quadrant. Backstairs, bakf-stayrz, s.pl. Stairs in the back part of a house ; private staii’S ; fig. , a private or indirect way Backstays, bak'-stayz, s.pl. Long ropes or stays extend¬ ing ftoni the topmast heads to both sides of a ship, slanting a little aft, to assist the slirouds in supi>ortuig the mast when strained by a weight of sail. Backstone, hakf-stone, 8 . A local name for a stone or iron on wiiich oatcake is baked. Backsword, bak'-soard, s. A sword with one sharp edge; a stick with a basket handle, used in rustic sports. Backward, oak'-ward, a. Unwilling ; reluctant; hesi¬ tating; sluggish; dilatory; dull of apprehension ; be¬ hind in progress ; late; coming after the usual time. Tlie things or state behind or past. Backward, hnk'-ward Backwards, bak'-wardz, ad. ‘Withthe back forwards; _ _ towards the hack; on the back, or'with the back downward; towards pasl tames or events ; by way of reflection ; from a better to a worse state; in time past; perversely; from a wrong end; in an order contrary to the natiual order, in a contrary manner. Backwardly, hakf-ward-le, ad. Unwillingly; reluc- tantiy; avei-sely; dilatorily; perversely. Backwardness, oak'-ivard-ncs, s. Unwillmgness; re¬ luctance ; dUatoriiiess; dulness in action ; tardiness ; a state of being behind in progi-css. . . Back-water, 6aA/-tya74J-ffr,s. ■V^"ate^ winch sets back m a stream, owing to some obstruction below; water thrown back by the turning of a water-wheel. BACKWoQDSM. 4 .N, 6 a/o'-'M'’oocfa-m«n, s. In the United States, an inhabitant of the forest in the frontier settlements, especially at the west. • Backworm, A small worm, in a tiiin skin, in the reins of a hawk ; see Fii^nders. Backwocnd, t v.a. To backbite. . , IfiCON, (Irt-in, s. The Uesh of a hog salted or pickled, and dried, usually in smoke. To sere one's bacon, is to save one’s self from harm. Baconian, bo-ko'-ne-an, a. Pertamin;; to the mduclire philosophy of which Bacon was the founder. BACDLE.liait-yidf.s. In fortif.cutinn,a kind of portcullis or aate, made like a pit-lhll, ivith a counterpoise, and supported by two frreat stakes. Baculite, bak'-im-lite, s. A fossil shell, of an elongated conical form,belongiiis to the family of the aiumomtos. ,b hunted by sportsmen.—In old law,a. person licensed lo buy corp in one place ond sell it in another, without incurring the penalty of engrossing. — v.a. To pursue with eagerness; to pester; to annoy . Badger-legged, badj'-er-legd, a. Having snort, thick leffs. like a badger? . , « # , Badiaga, had-e-a'-gii, s. A small kind of sponge, CourJ in the north of Europe. BAi)iANE, 6 a• 1“ a battling manner? Bao y«nid-»M, s. Quality of baffling. M/^y bag, s. A sack; a pouch: a receotaclp in animal of‘silken"™^!?? flo'il.orother substance ; a sort dTOwpri formerly tied to a man’s hair when dressed In com., a determinate quantity which a baa of various commodities should contain. ^ v.a To put into a bag ; to load with bags, o i *o puff up. ^ after I’ refuse stalks of the sugar-oane H.n .rr, ■■ lised as fuel '*^eeel ^‘’'S-d-Ul , s. A ti'ille ; a tiling of no import¬ ance, a game played on a hoard havme- at the*'end ' ether r’ „ ^B® tcuts, clothiug, utensils, and other necessaries of an army ; the clothiipr and other forSv'Tfflavfn? ^ 'ow, worthless woman jocosely, a plajful, saucy female. liAQOED, ft.TOd pp. of the verb fo baa. Cloth or materials for bags. litoJi^i* ^ '^^‘'iiOK-.Pouse ; abrothel; aprison. chFefiv’in ;na instrument, used bmr whirl, ri.iW' itoland. Itconsistsof aleathem bv^a Talve flh?i f® ‘"’i'inii i^ stopped by thi peidtfiimr?' ®- One ■'’'i'o plays on a bagpipe BAHlR76d-t;?1'’ I" n iiitiP nound moulding Barre, bar"-re’ j 'V'"o>ghts used in the East Indies. Baiqne,!: ftnyn, v.a. To soak or drench. ^ niincm 1, a variety of auglte ^tegivin.; securi?v?f ''™“ oiStody ifpon reoifireri "thr nlrr5, ^ appearance in court when required, the person or persons who become surety for a prisoner, or tlie sum of money in wliich thev are » vr^Tn^®^’ ^ Withi^^To^esl ^ ^ .a. 10 become bail, or give security, for the rpip,o«!« of a prisoner ; to admit to bail; to release upon bail npon a contract ; to?ree fi on water by laving out, as a boat: usually written bale JjAiLAGE, bayl -aie, s. See Balliage. W'-&ond, s. A bond or obligation given bv a prisoner and his surety upon being bailed ^ ^ ^ Bailed, bat/ld, pp. of the verb to bail. Sed S' trus?: Soods are com. bIIIpr,’ i *’Tn'‘tra’st: Bailie, bayV-e, s. A municipal officer in Scotland en. responding to an alderman. ocotiand, cor * writsheriff who serves writs, &c., and executes arrests; an agent or simelT,; tendent of a manor: a land stewart ^ supeim- BAitT,iavi'-e,s. Acontractionfor bailiff, or for baiUwlck nf wh”*’S- •The.'dtme of two MohaZneSet' ^Vials, of which one is held at the close of the fast Kfunaz^, and tlie other seventy days after Bairn, t ioyrn,) . . •> j BARN,-f ham, | " child: sometimes written beam. Bait, 6aj/^, s. Alui’e; any food, or substance resemhlino- It, used to catch fish, or other animals: food or refresh? merit ^ken on a Journey, but usually applied to that ’ enticement: temptation!— alba, a small delicate fish, caueht in groat abundance in the river Thames £nJng^s"na'’rl^,Z^nZe'‘a;'-i4“^^^^ tnZ K^rr to give rood and drink tbc aid IlAiTjV.n. To take food a nd drink for refreshment on a Journey ; to clap the wings; to flutter as if to fly ; to hover as a hawk, when she stoops to her prey. Baiting, 6. The act of baiting; refreshment on a journey, particularly food for a horse; the act of causing dogs to attack bulls, bears, and other animals. Baize, bayz. s. A kind of coarse woollen cloth. Bajadere, bdf-ya-deer, s. See Bavadeer. Bake, bake, v.a. To dress and prepare for food in an oven or under hot ashes; to dry and harden any sub> stance by heat, either in an oven, kiln, or furnace, or by the solar rays; to licat in any close place. work of baking; to be heated or baked r to dry and harden in heat. Baked, baykt, pp, of the verb to bake. Ba.keuovss, bake'~hows,s. A house orhuildingfor baking Bakemeats /-Tte'.jrteeis, s.pl. Meats cooked in an oven,* BAKENjt bak^-n, pp. of the verb to bake. Baker, bake'-er, s. One whose occupation is to bake . one who trades in bread, biscuits, cakes, &c. Baker-foot, bake'-er-fo'bt , s. A distorted foot. Baker-legged, bake'-er-legd, a. Having crooked legs, or legs that bend inward at the knees. Bakery, bake'-er-e, s. The trade of a baker: a place where bread, &c., is made. Bk^i-HG,bake'‘ing, 8 . That M'hichis baked,orto be baked ; the quantity baked at one time. Ba^x, bal'-a7i, s. A beautiful yellow fish of the wrasse kind, caught on the shores of England. Balance, bal' a7is, s. A pair of scales; one of the simple powers m mechanics; equipoise; equal weight, or equality; the weight or sum necessary to make two unequal weights or sums equal; the difference be tween the debtor anc creditor side of an account • the part of a clock or watch which regulates the beats; state of the mind in deliberating; that which renders weight or authority equal. In as^r a sign in the zodiac, called, in Latin, Libra.— Balance oj power, m polittcs,is that equality of power in different stipes, winch offers a security for the general safety. ■^aUmce of trade, in co7ni7ierce, is the equahty be- t^en importation and exportation; or, rather, the dmerence in value between the exports and imports of a country j- — v.a. To adjust the weights in the scales of a balance, so as to bring them to an equipoise; to regulate and keep a state of just proportion; to counterpoise; to make of equal weight or force; to adjust and settle an account. — v.n. Tq have on each side equal weight; to preserve the equipoise of the body; to hesitate; to fluctuate between motives wliich appear of equal force. Balanced, bal'-anst, rp. of the verb to balance. Balance-fish, bal'-aTis-nsh, s. A kind of shark, also called the hammer-fisu. * Balakce-knife, bal-ani-nife, s. A kind of table-knife, wlucli, ■vvlien lam on the table, rests wholly on the handle without the blade touching the cloth. Balancer, baV-aiis-er, a. The person who weighs or who uses a balance; a member of an insect placed imder the wings, useful in balancing the body; one Skilled in balancing. ’ B^ance^reef, bal'-ans-reef, s. A reef-band that erossei a sail diagonally, used to contract it in a storm. Balancing, bal -a7is~ing, s. Equilibrium; poise ^ dossil shell of the genus Balass ruby, 1 hal'-as ru'-he, s. A variety of spinel Balas ruby, ] ruby. ^ opmci BALAusTiNE,6d-Z«ws'-im,8. The Wild pomegranate-tree. Balbucinate, 1 v.n. To stammer in Balbutiate, bal-bew'-shate, j speaking BA.LCONizD.bai'~ko-7iid,orbaLko<^7iid,b.. Having balconies. Balcony, hal -ko-ne, or bahko'-ne, s. A kind of open pUery or frame of wood, iron, or stone, projecting Horn the external wall of a house, and usually placed before windows. ^ ^ Bald, ^wld, a. Destitute of hair, especially on the top and back of the head; destitute of the natural or usual covering; bare; naked; unadorned ; inelegant • mean; base; without dignity or value. “ * Baldachin, hateV-da-kin, s. In arch., a structure in lonn of a canopy, supported by columns: it is often used as a covering to an insulated altar. BalderdAaSh, 6a’6-^'-rfer-rfasA, s. Any thing jumbled to gether without judgment; senseless prate; ribaldrv -v.a. To mn or adulterate liquors. ^ Baldhead. bawld'-hed, s. A man bald on the head. BALDLY [ 81 ] BALSAMIOALLY Baldly, bautlil'-le, ad. Nai.edly ; meanly; inelegantly. Baldmony, hawld -mun-c, s. A name of the herb gentian. Baldness^ bawld'-nes, s. A want or loss of hair ; mean¬ ness or melegance of wxKing; want of ornament. Baldpatb, hawld'-pate. s. A pate without hair. Baldpated, bawlce-paU-td, a. Destitute of hair. BALDRicK,oau>irt'-r»A, s. A girdle, or richly ornamented belt; a war girdle ; the zodiac. Bale, hale^ s. A bundle or package of goods in a cloth cover, prepared for carriage or transportation ^ Ja pair of dice; X misery, calamity. — v.a. To make up into a bale j to free from water by laving it out, as to hale a boat. Balearic, bal-e-ar'-ik, a. Pertaining to the isles of ^Majorca and Minorca.— Balearic crane, or crowned heron, a beautiful species of crane, native of Africa. Baled, hayld, pp. Breed from water, as a boat. Bale-fire, bale-fire, s. A signal or alarm fire. Baleful, hale'-ffil^ a. Producing mischief^ misery, or sorrow; sad; grievous; calamitous; pernicious. Balefully, bale'-fnl-le, ad. Sorrowfully ; perniciously; in a calamitous manner. Balefulness, hale'-ful-nes, s. Destructiveness Balister, bd-lis'-ter, s. A cross-bow. Balistic, hd-lis'-tik, a. See Ballistic. Balistraria, bal-is-tra'-re-d, s. An aperture in the form of a cross in the wall of a fortress, through which the cross-boTvraen discharged their aiTOws. Balize. bd-leez', s. A pole raised on a bank ; a sea-mark. Bale, hawk, s. A ridge of land left unploughed ; any thing left untouched; a great beam, or rafter, a frus¬ tration ; disappointment. — v.a. To disappoint; to frusfrate; to leave untouched; to elude; to miss or omit; to pile, as in a heap or ridgej to refuse; to turn aside; Jto talk beside one’s meaning; to plough, leaving balka- Balked, bawkt, pp. of the verb to balk. Hk-L-KERfbawk'-er, s. One who balks.—among fishermen, are persons who stand on eminences to espy the shoals of herrings, and give notice to the men in the boats which way they pass. Balkinoly, hawl^-xng-le, ad. In a manner to balk or frustrate. Ball, bawl, s. Any thing made in a round form ^ a bullet; the globe or earth ; a globe borne as an ensign of authority; a round thing to play with, eitlier with the hand or foot; any part of'the body that is round or protuberant, as, the eye ball; the weight at the bottom of a pendulum; a round, soft cushion, formerly used by printers to put ink on the types in the forms ; an entertainment ot dancing.— Ball and socket, a par¬ ticular kind of joint, of which the one part is shaped like a ball, and the other, or that in which the former moves, is a hollow socket of the same diameter. Also, an instrument made usually of brass, with a perpe¬ tual screw, so as to move horizontally, vertically, and obliquely: used in managing suiTcying and astro¬ nomical instruments. — v.n. To form into balls, as snow on horses’ hoofs, in travelling. Ballad, bal'-lad, s. A song, generally on some historical or popular subject; a short air of simple construction. —X v.n. To make or sing ballads. Ballader, bal'-lad-er, s. A writer of ballads. Ballad-maker, bal'-lad-makef-er, s. A maker or com¬ poser of ballads, or songs for the people. BALLAD-MONGER,i'rtr-?a4-mtm(7'-pf?r,s. A trader in ballads. Balladry, bal'-lad-re, s. The subject or style of ballads. Ballad-singer, baV-lad-sing'-er, s. One whose em¬ ployment is to sing ballads in the streets. Ballad-style, bal'-lad-stde, a. The air or manner of a ballad. Ballaraq.$ baV-lA-rog, v.a. To bully ; to threaten. Ballast, hal'-last, s. Any heav>" substance laid in the hold 01 a ship, to sink it to a sulficient depth in the water and keep it steady ; that ■vv'hich is us^ to make any tiling steady ; the cai’th or gravel usea to fill up the spaces between the rails on a railway. — v.a. To place ballast in the hold of a sliip, to keep it from oversetting; to keep any thing steady, by coun¬ terbalancing its force. Ballastage, s. Atoll paid for the privi¬ lege of taking up ballast in a port or harbour. Ballasting, bal'-last-i?ig, s. Any tiling used for ballast. Ballated,+ bal'-ld-ted, a. Sung in a ballad. Ballatoon, bal-ld-toon', s. A heavy luggage boat em¬ ployed on the rivers ab*but the Caspian Sou. BALLATaY,6ar ld-tre,9>. A song; aiig. Ball-cartridge, bawl-kar'-tric^, s. A cartridge fa?- nished with a ball. Ball-cock, batvl'-kok, s. A water-cock of a cistern, which has a lever attached to it, bearing a buoyant hollow metal ball, which rises and sinks with the water, and thus regulates the supply. Ballet, bal'-la, s. A theatrical representation, in wliich the story is told by gesture and music^ accompanied by dancing, with scenery and decorations as acces¬ sories; a kind of dramatic poem, r(’prosentiug some fabulous action or subject. In her., u. ball. Ball-floweji, barvl'-jio'v-er, s. In arch., an ornament resembling a ball placed in a circular liower, the three petals of wliich form a cup round it. Balliaoe, bal'-le-qje, s. A small duty paid to the city of London for the exportation of certain commodities. Ballista, bal-lis'-td, s. A military engine used by the ancients for throwing darts, stones, &c. Ballistic, bal-Us'-tik, a. Pertaining to the ballista, or to the art of shooting darts; projectile. Ballistic pendulum, bal-lis'-iik pend'-yn-lum, s. An instrument for measuring the force and velocity of cannon and musket balls. Ballistics, bal-lis'-tiks, s. The science of throwing missive weapons by the use of an engine ; projectiles. Ballium, bal’^e-um, s. In ancient arch., the coui't or open space within a fortified castle. Balloon, bal-loon', s. In general, any spherical, hollow body; a glass receiver, of a spherical form, used in chemistry; a kind of firework resembling a bomb ; an old game played with a large leathern ball, filled with air ^ a ball, or globe, on the top of a pillar, cupula, &c.; a kind of large spherical hag. made of silk or other light material, which being filled with hydrogen gas, or heated air, rises and floats in the air: it is commonly called, for distinction, an air-balloon. Balloon, bal-loon', Is. A state barge of Siam, made of Balloen, hal'-lone, / a single piece of timber. Balloonist, bal-loon'-ist, s. One who makes or ascends in a balloon. Ballot, bal'-lot, 8. A little ball, ticket, or any thing used to give a secret vote; the act or practice of voting by balls or tickets. — v.n. To vote by ballot; to choose or elect by ballot. Ballotade, baV-lo-tade, s. See Balotade. BALLOTATioN.t hal-lot-a'-shu 7 i, s. A voting by ballot. Ballot-box, oar-Zoi-6ox, s. A box used in voting by ballot, Balloting, bal'-lot-mg, s. The act of voting oy ballot. Balm, bam, s. The sap or juice of frees or shrubs re¬ markably odoriferous or aromatic; any fragrant or valuable ointment; any thing which heals, or which soothes or mitigates pam or sorrow. In bot., the name of several aromatic plants, particuiaily of the genus Melissa. Balm of Gilead, a plant of the genus Amyris, the leaves of which yield, when bruised, a strong aromatic scent; and from this plant is obtained tlio Balm of Gilead of the shops, or balsam of Mecca or of Syria, an esteemed odoriferous unguent and cosmetic. — v.a. To anoint with balm ; to assuage ; to soothe. Balmily, bdm'-e-le, ad. In a balmy manner. Balmy, bdin'-e,&. Producing balm; having the quali¬ ties of balm; fragrant; assuaging; soothing; soft; mild. Balneal, hal'-ne-al, a. Pertaining to a bath. Balneary, bal'-ne-d-re, s. A batlung-room. Balneation, bal-ne-a'-shun, s. The act of bathing. Balneatory, bal'-ne-d-to-re, a. Belonging to a bath. Balneum, bal'-ne-um, s. The Latin name for a bath. Balotade, 5ar-o-- v.n. To associate ; to confederate ; to league. Bandage, band’-aje, s. A fillet, roller, or swathe, used in dressing and binding up wounds, &c.; that which is bound over another substance. — v.a. To bind with a bandage. Bandaged, band'-ayjd, pp. of the verb to bandage. Bandana, j ban-dan' -d, s. A kind of silk handkerchief, Bandanna, ) having a red, blue, or other dark ground, witli sn*aU white or bri^^Jitly-eoloured spots. It was originally only manufactlired in India. Bandbox, band-box, s. A slight paper box for bands, caps, bonnets, or other light articles. Banded, band'-ed, pp. or a. Bound with a band; united in a band ; striated across with coloui'cd bands. Bandelet, band'-e-let, s. A little band or flat moulding. Bander, ba<\d'—7r, s. One who unites 'with othei*s. Banderet, mfu.'~er-et,s. A Swiss general-in-cliief. Banderole, band'-er-ole, s. In her., a narrow stremner affixed under thfe crook of a crosier, and folding over the staff. Bandicoot, band'-e-koot, s. A marsupial animal, pecu- liai%to Austi'alia. Bandied, ban'-did, pp. of the verb to handy. Bandit, ban'-dit, s. An outlaw; a robber; a highway¬ man ; a lawless or desperate fellow. Banditti, pi. (It.) Robbers; highwaymen. Handle, ban'-dl, s. An Irish measure of two feet. hknvLyy, bond'-lcj s. Bandelet. Bandog, ban'-dog, s. A large kind of dog , a mastiff. Bandoleer, ban-do-leer', s. A leathern belt formerly wom by musketeers over the right shoulder, for sus¬ taining their fire-arms. Bandoleers, in the plurnl, were small cases, of wood or leather, attached to a bandoleer, each containing a charge of powder. Bandon^: s. Disposal; license. Bandore, ban'-dore, 8. An ancient rude kind of lute. Bandrol, ha 7 id'-role, s. A little flag or streamer, hung on the top of masts ; a little fringed silk flag attached to a trumpet. Bandstrino, band'-string, s. A sti'ing or tassel appeu*-. dant to a band or neckcloth. Bandt, band'-e, s. A club bent at the lower part for striking a ball; a play at ball with such a club. — v.a. To beat to and fro, or from one to another; to agitate; to toss about ; to exchange. — v.n. To contend, as at the game of bandy, *S:c. — a. Crooked; ±flexible. Bandt-leq, band'-e-leg, s. A bent or crooked leg. Bandt-legged, ba 7 idf-e-legd, a. Having crooked legs. Bane, bane, s. Poison; any fatal cause of mischief, pest ; ruin; destruction; a disease in sheep, the rot. — v.a. To poison. Baneberry, bane'-ber-re^ s. The herb Christopher, or Acteea spicata, the berries of wliich are very noxious. Baneful, bane'-fill, a. Poisonous ; hurtful ; destructive Baneftjlly, ad. Perniciously; destructively Banbfulness, ba 7 ie'-fiil-nes, s. Perniciousness. Banewort, s. The plant Deadly-nightsliade. Bang, ha 7 ig, v.a. To beat; to thump; to cudgel; to handle roughly; to treat with violence. — s. A blow; a thump. (An inelegant word.) Banging, fiawfir'-twgi, a. Large ; great. — s. A beating vulgar, both as an adjective and substantive. Bangle, hang'-gl, v.a. To waste by little and little ; to trifle away ; to squander carelessly. — 8. An ornament worn upon the arms and ankles by the natives in some pai-ts of India and Africa. Bangle-ears, bang'-gl-ec 7 'z, s.pl.- Loose hanging cars, like those of a dog: an imperfection in a horse. Bangoe, ha 7 ig, s. The leaf of a kind of hemp, used in the East for its narcotic qmUities i also written hang. Banian, ha 7 \'-ya 7 \, s. A class among the Hindoos whose employment is trade ; u man’s morning gown, resem¬ bling the loose aress wocn by the Banliins ; the banvan tree, q.y.—Banian day, &ii-iQngsea 7 nen, a day on u hich no meat is served; in popular us^i. a day on whicli the fare for dinner are the remains of that cooked on two or three prior days: so called from tlio Banians, most of whom, being metempsychosists, cat no animal food. Banish, ba 7 i'-ish, v.a. To condemn to exile, or compel to leave one’s counti’y ; to drive or force away. Banished, ban'-isht, pjD. of the verb to banish. Banisher, ban'-ish-er, s. He who exiles another. Banishment, bail'-ish-ment, s. Tlie act of banisliiim another; the state of being baiiislied ; exile; expulsioiT. Banister, s. A corruption of baluster, q v BANKj&anA^s. Literally, a bench or high scat; a mound pile, or ridge of eartji, raised above the surroiuidiin'’ plain ; a risuig ground, or shoal, in the sea; any steep acclivity; the side of a river or lake; a bench or a bench of rowers, in a galley; a collection, or stock of money ; the place where a collection of money is de¬ posited ; a house used for a bank and other monetary transactions; acompany of persons concernedin a bank. — v.a. To raise a mound ; to enclose, defend, or fortify with a hank; to keep or deposit money in a bank. Bankable, bank'-d-bl, a. Receivable at a bank,as bills • or discountable, as notes. ’ Bank-bill, hank'-bil, s. A note, or a bill of exchan <^0 of a bank, payable ot^some future specified time. Bank-book, s. A book in whicli the officers of a bank enter the debt and credit of a customer. Banked, ba 7 ikt, pp. of the verb to bank. Banker, bank'-er, s. One who traffics in money the proprietor or partner of a banking establislimcnt : a vess^ employed in the cod-fishery on the banks of Newfoundland; a stone bench on wliich masons cut and square their work. Bx^KiNG,bank'-i 7 ig,s The business of a banker — a. Pertaining to, or conducted by a bank. Bank-note, bank'-fiote, s. A proniissoi’y note, cavab^e on demand, issued by a banking comp^iny. * Bankrept, ba 7 ik'-rupt, s. One who becomes unablti to pay h^just debts; pi-ope.rhj, an insolvent trader — a. Unable to pay just debts ; insolvent. — v.a. To break one in trade; to make insolvent. BANKEUPTOT C 83 ] BAEBBLLATE SASiatJPTCT, banllie« at market with provisions m a basket. BASKiNG-sHARK,6asA:'-«Mp-s/irt?’ft, s. The sun-fish, a large species of shark inhabiting the northern seas. BASQuisH,6asA'-ts/i, a. Pertaining to the people or lan¬ guage of Biscay. Bas-relief, bd-re-leef, s. See Bass-relief. Bass, bds, s. The name of a kind of perch, and of several other species of fish; the linden, lime, or tiel tree, called also bass-wood; the inner bark of tliis tree, ana hence matting or cordage made of it. Bass, has, s. A soft kind of sedge or rush, used by gar¬ deners to bind plants, tie sprigs, &c.; a matting made of this material; a hassock or tliick mat on which per¬ sons kneel at church. Bass, base, s. and a. In music, a very popular, though less correct, orthography of base, derived from the Italian basso. See Base. — Jv.a. To sound in a deep tone. Basset, bas^-set, s. A game at cards. — v.n. Among coal-diggers, to incline upward, as strata. — a. Inclined upward, as, the basset edge of strata. Basset-horn, has^-set-homi, s. A musical instrument resembling a clarionet, but of much greater compass. Basseting, bas^-set-ing, s. The upward direction of a vein in a coal mine. Bassette, bns-set', ). . * Bassetto, bas-setf-to, ) *• ^ base Tiol. Bassinet, bas'-sin-et, s. An Infant’s cradle, made of wicker, and having a bood over one end. Bassock, bas'-sok, s. The same as bass, a mat. Basso-concertante, has'-so-kon-tsher-tan'-ta, s. (Ital.) In music, the base of the little chorus, or that which plays tliroughout the whole piece. BASSO-OONTMUO [ 87 ] BATTALION SA.8SO-coNTiNTro,6a«'-«o-fton-it»'-oo-o,8. (Ital.) Ijimusic, tfiorougb-base : see under Base. Eis^ooN,6as-soon',s. A musical wind instrument,blown with a reed, and furnished with eleven holes, which are stopped as in other large flutes. Bassoonist, 6as-soo?i'-t«i, s. A performer on the bassoon. Basso-relievo, ba^-so-re-l^-voy s. See Bass-relief. Bassorine, bas'-so-rin, s. A substance found in a spe¬ cies of gum brought from Bassora, in Asiatic Turkey, and also obtained fi*om some other substances. Basso-ripieno, bas^-so-re-pe~a'~no, s. (Ital.) In musiCf the base of the grand chorus, which plays only occa¬ sionally, or in particular parts. Bass-relief, bas-re-lcef,s. Sculpture, whose figures do not stand out far from the ground or plane on which they are formed. It is sometimes called low relief. Bass-viol, bas^-vi-ol, s. See Base-viol. Bast, bast, s. See Bass. Bastard, ha^ tard, s. An illegitimate child; any thing spurious or false; kind of sweet wine. — a. Begotten and bom out of wedlock; illegitimate; spurious; false ; adulterate; counterfeit. —-t V.a. To make or deter min e to be a bastard. Bastardism, bas'-tard-izm, s. The state of a bastard. Bastardize, v.a. To convict of being abas- tard; to declare to be niegitimate; $ to beget a bastard. Bastardlv bas'-tard-le, ad. In the manner of a bas¬ tard; spuriously. — a. Spurious. Bastard-wing, has'-tard-wing, s. Three or five quill¬ like feathers rising from the middle part of a bird’s wing. Bastardv, 6as'-«arrf-e, s. State of being a bastard. Bastarnic, bas-tarn'-ik, a. Pertaining to the Bastarms, the ancient inhabitants of the Carpathian mountains,. which from this people were sometimes called the Bastarnic Alps. Baste, bayst, v.a. To beat with a stick ; to drip butter or fat upon meat wliilst roasting; to sew with long stitches; to sew slightly. Basterna, bas-ter'-jid, s. In antiq.,a. carriage somewhat like the modem chariot: the name is still in use for a particular build of four-wheeled carri^e. BASTTI.E, bas'-teel, s. A noted old casfle in Paris, which was long used by the French monarchs as a a^te prison, and which was demolished by the enraged pl^U- face in 1789. Hence, any prison, dungeon, or gaol. BASTiatENT,:^^ bas'-te-nient , s. A rampart. Bastinade, has-te-nade', ) s. A beating with a stick or Bastinado, has-te-na'-do, j cudgel; the blows given with a stick or staff; a Turkish punishment of beating an offender on the soles of his feet, v.a. To beat with a stick or cudgel. Basting, A beating with a stick; amoisten- ing with dripping; a sewing together slightly with long stitches. Bastion , bas'-tshxm, s. A huge mass of earth, faced with sods, brick, or stones, standing out from the angles of a rampait,or fortified work: formerly called a bulwark. Basto, bas'-to, s. The ace of clubs at quadnile. Baston, 6as'-^on, is. In arc7t., a round moulding in the Batoon , bd-toon', j base of a column: also called a tore. Basyle, bas'-il, s. A term used by some chemists in the same sense as radical. Bat, bat, s. A heavy stick or club; a tliick, broad piece of wood, with a round handle at one end, used to strike the ball in the game of cricket; a term given by miners to shale, or bituminous shale; a sheet of cotton pre¬ pared for quilting into garments,bedding, &c.; a piece of brick, sometimes a whole brick. — v.n. To manage a bat, or play with one at cricket. Bat, s. A name common to a large tribe of mammiferous animals, characterized by a membrane, which, com¬ mencing at the sides of the neck and extending between their front feet and toes,oonstitutes wings that enable the creature to take short flights with great rapidity. The skin of the body resembles that of a mouse. The common bats in northern latitudes are very small, but some species in other parts of the globe are of consider¬ able size. These animals are nocturnal, feed on insects, &c., and lie torpid during the winter. Batable, hatef-d-hi. a. Disputable. Batatas, bd-t^-tas, s. A species of tick or mite ; also, the Peruvian name of the sweet potato. Batavian , hd-ta'’Ve-an,Vi. Pertaining to Holland, or to Batavia iD Java. — s. A native of Holla-nd, or of Batavia. Batch, batsh, s. The quantity of bread baked at one time ; any quantity oi -1 thing made at once. Bate,^ bate, s. Strife; coutentioiio — J v.a. and n. See Abate. Bateau, baf-to, s. A long narrow light boat; any boat Bate-breeding, I hatef-breed-mg, a. Breeding strife. Bateful, bate'-ful, a. Contentious ; given to strife. Batbless, bate^-les, a. Not to be abatea. Batbment, s. Abatement; deduction. Mohammedism. Bat-fowler, baf-fowl-er,H. One who practises bat-fo Bat-fowling, s. A mode of catching biids at night, by holding a light before a large net, and beating the bush or perch where tliey roost. Batful, $ baf-ful, a. Rich, fertile, as land. BATH,&ai^,s. Aplace for bathing; areceptacle of water for persons to plunge or wash their bodies in; a place in which heat is applied to a body immersed in some substance, as, a vapour bath, a sand bath, &c.; a house appropriated for bathing; immersion in a bath; a Hebrew measure .of gallons for liquids, and of three pecks and three pints, as a dry measure. Bath, Order of the. A British order of laiighthood, con¬ sisting of three classes, viz., knights grand crosses, knights commanders, and knights companions, ab¬ breviated thus: G.C.B., K.C.B.,and K.B. Bath-brick, h'dth'-brik, s. A preparation of calcaceoua earth in the form of a brick, used for cleaning knives. .Bathe, baylYi, v.a. To wash the body, or some part of it, by immersion, as in a bath, in a river, or ui the sea • to supple or soften by wasliing; to foment; to moisten or suffuse with a liquid. — v.n. To be or lie in a bath; to lave one’s body in water or in other liquid; or to be immersed in a fluid. — s. A bath, particularly by immersion of the body in a stream or the sea. Bathed, bayVsxd, pp. of the verb to bathe. Bather, bayVn'-er, s. One who bathes. Bathing, bayt\\'-ing, s. The act or practice of bathing Bathorse, bat'-hors, s. A horse allowed a batman for caiuymg the utensils in his cliarge. Bathos, ha'-thus, s. The art of sinking in poetry; a ludicrous descent from the elevated to the mean in writing or speech; anti-climax. Bath-room, bath-room, s. An apartment for bathing. Bating, bate'-ing,p\iV. Abating; deducting; excepting Batinist, baf-in-ist, s. See Batenites. Batiste, bat-eesf, s. A snecies of cambric, or fine linen cloth, of foreign manufacture. Ba.t'le.t, bat'-let, s. A small bat, or square piece of wood with a handle, for beating linen, used by laundresses. Batman, baif-man, s. A man allowed to each company of the army when on service in the field, who has the charge of the cooking utensils, &c.; a military officer’s groom; a weight used in Smyrna, equal to 16 lbs.6 oz. 15 dr. English. Baton, ) s. A staff or truncheon; appro- Batoon, bat-toon', ) priately, a marshal’s staff, a badge of the highest military honour. In ?nMs.,arest of four semibreves. In her., the bato7i is used to denote ille¬ gitimate birth. Batrachia, bd-tra'-ke-d, s.pl. An order of animals, in¬ cluding frogs, toads, salamanders, and other reptiles having a naked body with two or four feet. Batrachian, ) a. Pertaining to frogs, or Batracian, o5:-^^•a'-se-rtn, ] to the order Batrachia. — s. An auimaJ of the Order Batracliia. Batrachite, baf-rd-kite, s. A fossil batrachiah; a mineral; a silicate of magnesia. Batrachoid, koyd,a.. Having the form of a frog. BATRACHOMYOM:ACHY,5af-rd-A:o?n-e-o?M'-d-fte, s. The bat¬ tle between the frogs and mice, a burlesque poem ascribed to Homer. B ATR ACHOPH agous , bat-rd-kof'-d-gus, a. F eedin g on frogs. Batsman, bats^-man, s. In cricket, and similar games, the one who wields the bat. Batta, baf-td, s. An allowance made to troops in llte East India Company’s service, when in the field, m addition to their pay. BattablEjJ bat'-td-BL a. Capable of cultivation. Battailant,$ hat'-tal-ant, s. A combatant. Battailous, i baf-ial-\i8,3.. 'Warlike; having the form or appearance of an array arrayed for buttle. Battalia, bat-tale'-yd, s. The order of battle ; thamaia body of an army in array. Battalion, bat-tal'-yun, s. A body of infantry, consist¬ ing of from 500 to 800 men; a division of an army. BATTALIONED [ 88 ] BAZAAE \EAR, 6ai/r, 1 s. A name f?iven in Scotland, and the Bkre, beevj ) north of England, to a land of inferior barley: it is also called big. Bearable, bfT7jr'-^-bl, a. That can be borne, tolerable. Bearably, cnyr'-A-Wc, ad. In a bearable manner. ^ Bear-baiting, hayr'-bayt-ing, a. The sport of baiting bears with dogs. Bear-berry, baifr'-her-re, s. A plant of the Heath tribe; it is termed in medicine the TIva ursi, and its leaves possess tonic and astringent properties. Bear-bind, bc{yr'-hi7id,s. Aplant,aspccicsof Bindweed. Beard, beep'd, s. The hair that grows on the chin, lips, and ad.iaccnt parts of the face; the awn or sharp prickles on the cars of com ; the barb, or sharp point of an arrow, fish-hook, or other iiistniment, bent backward from the end, to prevent its being easily draAvn out; the chuck of a horse, or that part und‘'r- ncath the lower mandible and above the chin, which bears the curb of the bridle; the gills or breathing organs of the oyster, and other bivalves; the fine threads or hairs of the mussel, and similar shell fish; ythe rays of a comet. —v.a. To takeorpiiUby the beard; to remove the heard, as of an oyster; to oppose to the face; to set at defiance. Bearded, a. Having a beard; prickly; barbed or jagged, as an arrow. Beard-grass, beerd'-g^-'ds, s. A plant, the Andropogon. Beardless, a. AVithout a beard; youthful. Beardlessness, 5cerG-?. One who bears, sustains, or con¬ veys ; a carrier; a supporter; one who hears a corpse to the grave, at a funeral; one Avho wears any thing; a tree or plant that yields fruit. In arch., a post or brick wall between the ends of a piece of timber, to support it. In her., a figure in an escutcheon, placed by the side of a shield, and seeming to support it. Bear-garden , bayr'-gar-dn, s. A place where bears were formerly kept for sport; hence, a rude, turbulent as¬ sembly. — fa. Rude; turbulent. Bear- herd, hayr'-herd, s. One who tends hears. Bearing, bayi-'-ing, s. Deportment; gesture; mien; attitude; direction; the situation of one object with respect to another; relation; connection; tendency. Bearing of a timber, in arch., is that portion of the ends of a transverse piece which are inserted into, or rest upon the wall that supports it, or it is the length or distance from one of its points of support to an¬ other. In her., coats of arms, or figures of aimories. Bearish, bayr'-ish, a. Partaking of the qualities of a bear; rude; churlish; uncouth. Bearlike, bayr' like, a. Resembling a bear ; bearish. Bearn, bnyrn,s. A child. In Scotland, Saim. Bear’s-breech , bayrz’-breetshyS. Brank-ursine, or Acan¬ thus, a genus of plants Bear's-ear, hnyrz'-eer, s. The plant Primula auricula. Bear’s-ear sanicle, hayrz'-eer san'-e-hl, s. A small Alpine plant, a species of Cortiisa. Bear’s-foot , bayr^-fdbt , s. A plant, a species of Hellebore. Bear’s-greasf., hayrz'-grees, s. The fat of bears made into a pomatum,for promoting the growth of the hair. Bearskin, bayr'-skin, s. The skin or a bear; a shaggy woollen cloth for overcoats. Bear’s- WORT, haijrz’-ictirt, s. An herbaceous plant. Bbarward, bayr'-zvaxvrd, s. A keeper of bears. Bbar-whelp, b iyr'-ivhelp, s. The whelp of a hear. Beast, heest,s. Any four-footed animal, as distinguished from birds, insects, fishes, and man; an irrational ani¬ mal. Figuratively, a brutal man ; one rude, coarse, filthy, or acting in a manner unworthy of a rational creature, a game at cards, like loo ; hence, to beast. pEASTiNGS, beest’-ingz, s.pl. See Biestings. EEA.STiaH,+ 6Msf-M/», Like a beast; bnital. Beast-like, beesv-hke ,) Beastliness, heesfde-nes, s. Brutality ; coarseness ; in¬ delicacy ; obscenity; filthiness. Beastlv, beest'-le, a. Like a beast, in form or nature ; Dnital; filthy; coarse; obscene. — tad. In the manner of a beast; bnitally; filthily. Beat, beet, v.a.; pret. beat; pp. beat, beaten. To strike repeatedly; to punish with stripes or blows; to strike an instrument of music; to break, bruise, or pulverize by beating or pounding; to extend by beating, as gold or other malleable substance; to hammer into any form ; to strike bushes, ormake a noise to rouse game; to thresh, as corn; to break, mix, or agitate by beat¬ ing ; to dash or strike as water; to strike or brush, as wind; to tread or make a path; to batter with engines of war ; to vanquish or conquer; to subdue; to outdo; to harass; to overlabour.—To heat down, to break, de¬ stroy, or throw down; to press down; to depress or crusli; to lower the price.— To bent baeli, to compel to retire or return.— To beat into, to teach or instil.— To heat vjp, to attack suddenly ; to alarm or disturb.— To beat the wing, to -flutter.—J’o beat off, to repel or drive back.— To beat the hoof, to go on foot.— To beat time, tu measure or regulate the time in music by the mo'-lon of the hand or foot. — v.n. To move in a pulsatory manner; to throb; to strike at intervals; to dash with force, as a storm, flood, passion, &c.; to knock at a door; to fluctuate; to be in agitation.— To beat about, to try to find; to search by various means or ways.— To beat up, in sea¬ manship, is to make progress against the direction of the wind, by sailing in a zigzag line or traverse.— To beat up for, is to go > .bout, in order to procure.— To beat up and down, is to t an or move first one way and then another. Beat, beet, s. A stroke ; a blow; a recurring stroke; a pulsation ; the rise or fall of the hand or foot, in re¬ gulating the time in music; the sound of a drum; a transient grace-note in mxisic, struck immediately be¬ fore the note it is intended to ornament; a certain ■ limit or siiace of ground assigned for the performance of some business or duty; a round or course which is often trodden; a place of habitual or frequent resort. } PP' Terb to beat. Beaten, a. 'Worn by use; tracked, as a path. Beater, beet'-er, s. One who beats, or strikes; one whose occupation is to hammer metals; an instru¬ ment for pounding, or comminuting substances; one employed to find, heat up, or drive forward game for sportsmen. Beath,$ beeth, v.a. To harden by exposure to heat. Beatific, be-d-tif-ik, ) a. That has the power to Beatifical, be-d-tif-ik-ol, j confer heavenly bliss. Beatifically, be-ci-tif-ik-al-le, ad. In such a manner as to cause or produce perfect bliss. Beatification ,he-af •e-fe-ka-shun,s. An act ofthepope, by which he declares a person beatified or blessed after death. It is the first step towards canonization. Beatified, be-at’-e-fide, pp. of the verb to beatify. Beatify , be-af-e-Ji, v.a. To make happy ; to bless with celestial enjoyment. In the Romish Church, to declare, by a public act, that a person is received into heaven, andistobereverencedasblessed, though not canonized. Beating, beet'-ing, s. The act of striking or giving blows; punishment or chastisement oy blows ; pulsa¬ tion ; a knocking; overthrow ; defeat; a sailing against the wind; the keeping of time in music, with the hands or feet. Beatitude, he-aif -e-texed, s. Felicity of the highest kind, consummate or heavenly bliss; the declaration or blessedness made by our Saviour to particular virtues. Beau, bo, s.; pi. Be.aux, 6oze. A man of dress ; a fop; a gallant; a man who escorts or attends a lady; a lover. Beau-ideal, bo-e-da-aV, or bo-i-de'-al, s. A conception or image of consummate beauty, formed in the mind, free from all the deformities, defects, and blemishes which nature exhibits. Beauish, bo'-ish, a. Like a beau; foppish ; fine. Beau MONDE, bo'-xnoxigd, s. (Fr.) The gay world, the fashionable portion of society. Beauteous, a. Fair; elegant; bea&r'rftii. Beauteouslt, bew'-te-us-Ie, ad. In a beauteous manner. BEArTEocsNESs,6e^^^'-^e-ws-nes, s. The state or quality of being beauteous ; beauty; loveliness to the sight. Beautified, beiv'-te-Jide, pp. of the verb to beautify. Beautifier. te-ff,-er,s. He or that which beautifies. Beautiful, beuf-te-ful, a. Having qualities \ 'hich de¬ light the eye, or which please the mind; elegant in form ; fair ; lovely; channing. Beautifully, bew'-te-fuUle, ad^ In a beautiful manner BEAUT 1 FULNF.SS, bew'-te-ful~7ies, 8. The quality of being beautiful; beauty ; elegance of form. Beautify, bew'-te-Ji. v.a. To make or render beautiful to adorn; to embellish; to decorate; to add beauty to — Y.n. To become beautiful; to advance in beauty. Beautiptihg, bexo'-te-fi-mg, s. The act of renderint beautiful ; embellishment. BEAUTILESS C 91 ] BEDPEESSER Ujiautlless, 'fhew'-te-leSy s. "Without beauty. Beautt, bew-te, s. An assemblage of properties in the form of the person, or any other object, which pleases the eye; a particular feature, grace, or ornament; any particular thing which is beautiful and pleasing; a beautiful p^i-son. In the artSy symmetry of parts; harmony ; justness of composition. —$ v.a. To adorn; to beautify or embellish. Beauty-spot, bew'-te-spot, s. A patch ; a fbil; a spot placed on the face to heighten beauty. Beauty-waning, bew'-te-wan^-ingy a. Declining in beauty; fading. Beaver, oe'-tJer, s. An amphibious quadruped, of the genus Castor, valuable for its fur; the fur of the beaver; a hat made of beaver; that part of a helmet which covers the face, and is movable up and down. Beavered, b^-verdy a. Covered with beaver; wearing a beaver. Bbaverteen, be'-ver-temy 8. A kind of fustian cloth. Bebleed,^ be-bleed'y v.a. To make blood. Beblood,$ be-hlud' ) v.a. To make bloody; to stain Beb-loody± be-blua'-dey ) with blood. BebloTjJ be-blof, v.a. To blot; to stain. BEnhUBBER^-Dybe-blub'-berd, a. Swelled with weeping. Becafico, bek-d-fe^’ko, s. The Fig-pecker, a bird like a nightingale, which feeds on figs and grapes. Becalm, be-kmn', v.a. To still; to make quiet; to ap¬ pease ; to keep from motion for want of wind, as a ship. Becalmed, 6e-A:awid',pp. of the verb to becalm. Becalming, be-k'dm'-xngy s. A calm at sea. Became, he-kam^. pret. of the verb to become. Because, be-kawz , conj. By cause, or by the cause; on this account; for this reason; in as much as. Beccabunqa, bek-kd-bung'-gdy s. The plant Brooklime, or Speedwell, the Veronica beccahunga of botanists. BECHAMEL,6ays^'-rt-meZ,8. Akmdof3auce,made of cream. Bechance, v.n. To befall; to happen to. Becharm, be-tsharm', v.n. To charm; to captivate. Bbche-de-mer, baysh'-de-mare'y s. (Fr.) The Sea-slug, or ft'^'it-cucumber, or Holothuria of naturalists, a ma- ruu. o-iiimal, which being dried in the sun, is esteemed a dainty by the Chinese. Bechic4 be'-kik, s. A medicine for relieving coughs. Beck., bek, s. A sign with the head; a nod, or a motion of the hand, intended to be understood by some person, especially as a sign of command ; $ a small brook, v.n. To nod or make a sign with the head or hand. — v.a. To call by a motion of the head or hand. Becked, bekty pp. of the verb to beck. Bscket, bek'-et, s. A thing used in ships to confine loose ropes, tackles, or spars, as a large hook, a wooden bracket, or a rope with an eye at one end. Beckon, bek'-kn, v.n. or a. To make a sign to another, by nodding, winking, or a motion of the hand or finger, &c. — $s. A sign made without words. Beckoned, bel^-knd, pp. or the verb to beckon. Beclip,$ be-klip'y v.a. To embrace. Becloud, be-klowd', v.a. To cloud ; to obscure; to dim. Become. be~kum'y v.n.; pret. became; pp. become. To pass from one state to another; to enter into some state or condition .—To become o/, to be the fate or end of: it is generally preceded by what. — v.a. To suit or be suitable to; to add grace to; to befit; to accord with, in character or circumstances; to be worthy of; to be decent or proper. Becoming, be-kum'-ing, ppr. or a. Suitable ; appro¬ priate; befitting; proper; decent; graceful; pleasing. •—$ s. Ornament. Becomiuq'ly, be~kum'-ing~le, ad. In a becoming manner. Becomingness, he-kum'-ing-nesy s. Fitness; suitable¬ ness; propriety; decency; gracefulness; elegance. Bbcripple,+ be-krip'-pl, v.a. To make lame ; to crippie. Becurl,:^ be-kurVy v.a. To curl. Bed, bed. s. A place or an article of furniture to sleep and take rest on; lodging; a convenient place for sleep; marriage; the place where any thing is gene¬ rated or reposited; a division in a field or garden ap¬ propriated to the growth of some particular vegetable, or, m a pleasure garden, to the cultivation of shrubs and flowers; the channel of a river; a hollow place, in which any thing rests ; a layer; a stratum.; an ex¬ tended mass of any tiling, whether upon the earth or witkm it. The bed of a carronade or mortar, is the cairiage on which it is mounted. Among masons, the horizontal coui'ses of a wall are called beds. — To bring to bedy or to put to bed, in midwifery, is to deliver of a child.—Jo he brought to bed, to be delivered of a child. — bed and hoard, in law, see A u&msa vs xoro Bed, v.a. To place hi a bed; to go to bod with; to make partaker of the bad; to sow dr plant; to lay in any noUow place, surrounded or inclosed; to bury for safety or concealment; to lay in a stratum; to stra¬ tify ; to lay in order, or flat. — v.n. To cohabit: to use the same bed. Bedabble, be-dab'~bl,y.B.. To wet; to sprinkle. Bedabbled, be-dab'-bldyV'p. of the verb to bedabble, BEDAPr,$ he^daf ,y To make a fool of. Bedagat, bed'-d-gat, s. The name of the sacred hooka of the Buddhists in Burmah. Bedaqgle, be-dag'-gl, v.a. To soil, as clothes, by trail¬ ing in the dirt; to bespatter with mud. Bedagqled, be-dag'-gldi pp. of the verb to bedaggle. Bedabb,4: be^dare'. v.a. To dare; to defy. To darken; to obscure. Bedarkened, be-dark'-na, pp. of the verb to hedarken Bedash, v.a. To bespatter with a liquid ormud. Bedashed, be-dashf, pp. of the verb to bedash. Bedaub^ he-dawb', v.a. To daub over; to besmear; to soil with any thing viscous, or thick and dirty Bedaubed, be-daivbd, pp. of the verb to bedaub. Bedazzle, be-daz'-zl, v.a. To overpower the sight by too sti’ong a light; to dazzle ; to confound with splendour. Bedazzled, fee-cmz'-zZd, pp. of the verb to bedazzle. Bedazzlingly. be-daz'-d,ing-le, ad. So as to bedazzle. Bed-ch AIR, bea'-tshayr, s. Aframe with a movable back, to iftipport a sick person while sitting up in bed. Bedchamber, bed'-tshame-ber, s. A room to sleep in.— Lords of the Bedchamber, certain officers of the royal household, whose duty is to wait imon the sovereign. —Ladies of the Bedchamber, and Bedchamber women, certain ladies of high degree, officially appointed to wait upon the Q,ueen in rotation. Bed-clothes, bed'-kloatLZy^.giX. Sheets,blankets,cover¬ lets, &c., for beds. Bedded, bed'-ded, pp. of the verb to bed. Bedded, bed'-der, ) s. The nether stone of an oil Bedetter, be-dev -ter, j mill. Bedding, bed'-ding, s. A bed and its fumitui'e ; a bed; the materials of a bed, whether for man or beast. Bbdead, j be-ded'y\ To deaden; to deprive of sensation. Bedeck, be-dekf ,y. 2 i. To deck; to adorn; to dress up. Bedecked, pp. Adorned; ornamented. Bedeguar, bed'-e-garyS,. An excrescence found on rose bushes, produced by the punctui-e of certain insects. Bede-house, $ beed'-hows, s. A hospital or alms-house, where the poor prayed for theii’ benefactors. Bedel, be'-dl, s. An obsolete orthography of beadle, q.v. Bedelry, b^-dl-re, s. The extent of a oeadle’s office. Bedevil, v.a. To throw into utter disorderand confusion ; to destroy, or to render unlit for use. Bedeviled, oe-dev'-ld, pp. of tlie verb to bedevil. Bedew, be-deu/, v.a. To moisten gently, as with dew. Bedewed, be-dewd', pp. of the verb to bedew. Bedbwer, be-dew'-er, s. That wWch bedews. BedewY,+ be-dew'-e, a. Moist with dew. Bedfellow, bed'-fel-lo, s. One who occupies the same bed with another. ^ ^ ^ ^ , BED-HANGiHGs,6ed'-/ifi7i^-i«'gfz, s.pl. Cul'tams of a bed. BEDiGHT,t&e-f/i«e',v.a.To adom,or set off with ornaments. Bedim, be-dim', v.a. To make dim; to obscui’e. Bedimmed, be-dimd', pp. of the verb to bedim. Bedismal,? 6e-dzz'-woZ, v.a. To make dismal. Bedizen, oe-diz'-zn, v.a. To adorn ; to dress out gaily. Bedizened, be-diz'-znd, pp. Bedecked; adorned. BEDLAM,6ed -laniyS. (Corruptedfrom Bethlehem,IhenamB of a religious house in London, afterwards converted into a hospital for lunatics.) A mad-house; a hospital for lunatics: figuratively,a place of uproar. — a. Belonging to a mad-house; fit for a mad-house. Bedlamite, bea'-lam~ite, s. An inhabitant of a mad¬ house ; a madman; a noisy person. Bedmaker, bed'-make-er, s. One whose office is to make the beds in a college or university. Bbdmate, bed'-mate, s. A bed-fellow. Bed-moulding, bed'-moald-ing, s. In arcA.,tlie meuiDers of a cornice, which are placed below the coronet. Bedote,± be-dote'y v.a. To make to dote. Bedouin, bed'-oo-in, s. The name of those Arabs who live in tents, and are scattered over Arabia, Egypt, ana other parts of Africa. ^ Bed-pan, bed’-pan, s. An earthen utensil for the use oi invalids in bed. . a.*...a Bedpost, 8. The post of a be(totAad. Bedprbsser^: bed'-pru-er, s. A lazy fellow; one who loves his bed. BEDQUILT [ 92 ] BEFDREED rtisDg oiLT, oeA'-kioiity s. The thick outercoverinf'of a bed. BBDEAooLE,ftc-rfra/-^/,v.a. To soil,as the garments, by allowing them, while walking, to drag in the dirt. Bedragoled, he-drag'-gldy pp. of the verb to bedraggle. BEDRENCH,fee-drenf«A',v.a. To drench ; to saturate. Bedrenchbd, be-drentshf, pp. Drenched ; soaked. Bedrid, bed'-rid, ) a. Confined to the bed by age Bedridden, 6erf'-rtd-dn, / or infirmity. P.EDRiTE, bed'-rite, s. The privilege of the marriage bed. Bedroom, bed'-room, s. An apartment intended or used for a bed; +room in a bed. Bedrop, be-drop'y v.a. To besprinkle ; to speckle. Bedropped, be-dropt'y pp. of the verb to bedrop. Bedside, bed'-^side, s. The side of the bed. Bedstafp, bed'-stdf, s. A wooden pin formerly inserted on the sides of bedsteads, to keep the clothes from slip¬ ping on either side. Bedstead, bed'-sted, s. A frame for supporting a bed. Bed-steps, 6e(i''Si«‘^.s,s.pl. Steps for ascending a bed,and usually also serving as a night-commode. BEDSTRAw,6erf'-sirfi'tc,s. Straw laid under a bed to make it soft; an annual plant, of the genus Galium. Bedswerver, bed’-sioerv-eTy s. One who is unfaithful to the marriage vow. Bedtick. bea-tik, s. Acase of linen or cotton cloth,used for inclosing feathers or other materials of a bed. ' Bedtime, bed-timCy s. The horn* of rest; the usual hour of going to bed. BeducKjJ be-duk' yy.B,. To put under water; toimmerse. Bedung,$ be-duna y\.9.. To manure or cover with dung. BEDcssi he~dusld, v.a. To smutch; to make blackish. Bedust, v.a. To sprinkle or cover with dust. Bedward, bed'-wardy ad. Towards bed. Bedwarf, be-dworf, v.a. To make little ; to stunt. Bedwork, bed'-wurk, s. Work easily performed. Bed YE, be-di'. v.a. To dye ; to stain. Bedyed, 6e-riiae', pp. Dyed; stained. Bee, 6c, s. A name common to all the insects of the genus Apis, but particularly applied to the Apis mellifica, or honey-bee. Fig-t an industrious, frugal person. In America, a meeting of neighbours and friends to aid a person in need, or of ladies to sew for the poor. Bee-bread, 6e'-6rcrf, s. The pollen of dowel's collected by bees, as food for their young. Beech, beetsh, s. A name common to the weU-known forest trees of the genus Fagus. Beech-coal, beetsh'~hoal, s. Charcoal from beech wood. BEECHEN,6ceis6'-n,a. Consisting of the wood or bark of the beech; belonging to the beech. Beech-gall, beetsh-gawlyS. A hard nut on the leaf of a beech, produced by the maggot of a fly. Beech-mast, beetsh'-mdsty 1 s. The fi’uit or nuts of the Beech-ndt, beetsh'-nuty / beech. Beech-oil, beetsh'-oyl, s. Oil expressed from beech-nuts. Beech-tree, beetsh'-tre,s. A tree of the genus Fagus. BEECHT,t 6ec^s/i'-c,a.Made of beech; consisting of beeches. Bee-eater, be'-eet-er, s. A bird tbat feeds on bees. Beef, beef, s. The flesh of an ox, bull, or cow, when killed; Jan ox, bull, or cow: the plural, beeves, is still sometimes used. — a. Consisting of the flesh of the ox. Beef-eater, s. One who eats beef; a stout, hearty man; a yeoman of the guard; an African hii'd, the Buphaga. Bee-flower, be'-Jlow-er,B. A plant, a species of Ophrys. Bbef-steax, beef-stake, s. A slice of beef broiled, or for broiling. Beef-witted, a. Dull in intellects; stupid. Bee-garden, b^-gar-dn, s. A garden or enclosure in which bee-hives are kept. Bee-glue, 6^-grin,s. A soft, unctuous matter, with which bees cement tbe combs to the hives,and close up the cells. Bee-hive, 6tf'-6tve,s. A case,box, or other hollow vessel, which serves as a habitation for bees. BEELD,i beeld, s. Protection; refuge; tn the north of England, a shepherd’s hut or a shed for cattle, erected on a dreary moor, temporary shelter. Beble, heel, s. A kind of pickaxe used by miners, for separating the ore.s from the rocks in which they lie. Beelzebub, he-el'-ze-bub, s. A god of the Pkilistmes, who had a famous temple at Ekron,and who was wor- ghipp^ as'* thegodof mes,” which is the literal mean¬ ing of the word. In Scripture, Beelaebub is also the name given to the prince of demons or devils, Satan. Bee-master, be' nuis-ter, 8. One who keeps bees. Beemol, he'-mol, s. See Bemol. Bee-moth, hi'-moth, A species Of moth, so called be¬ cause pcrmcious to bees. Been, beeti or 6tn, pp of the verb to be. In old authont, it is also the present tense plural of to he. — s. An Indian instrument of music, of the guitar kind, having nineteen frets. Beer, beer, s. A fermented liquor made from any fari¬ naceous grain, but generally from malted barley, fla¬ voured with hops. Tills name is also given to several other inferior beverages,as ginger-beer,spruce-beer,&.C.. Beer-barrel. beer'-bar-r€l,s. A barrel for holding beer. Beer-house, oeer'-hotvs ,) s. A house where malt liquors Beer-shop, Wr'-sftop, ) are sold; an ale-house. Beer-measure, beer'-mezh-ur, s. The measure by which beer is computed. Beestings, heest'-ingz, s.pl. See Biestings. Beeswax, beez'-xoax, s. A thick, tenacious substance col¬ lected from plants by bees, and employed by them in the construction of their combs. Beet, beet, s. A name common to the plants of the genus Beta, and their siveet esculent roots. Beetle, he'-tl, s. A heavy mallet or wooden hammer, used to drive piles, wedges, i&c.; a rammer; a genus of insects, the Kcarabasus, of many species ; also, popu¬ larly, any insect with hard or shelly wing-cases — v.n. To jut out; to be prominent; to hang over Beetle-brow, be'-tl-hroiv, s. A prominent brow. Beetle-browed, 6e'-i^-6roit;d, a. Having prominent or overhanging brows. Beetle-head, bef-tl-hed, s. A stupid fellow. Beetle-he.aded, a. Dull; stupid, heavy. Beetle-stock, be’-tl-stok, s. The handle of a beetle. Beetling, be-tlmg, ppr. or a. Jutting; prominent standing out from the main body; overhanging. Beet-rave, beet'-rave, ) s. A kind of beet, used for Beet-radish, beetf-rad-ish ,) salad. Beet-root, beef-root, s. The sweet, succulent root of the Beta vulgaris, much used as a vegetable in some parts, and also in the manufacture of sugar and beer. Beeves, beevz, s.pl. of 6ec/. Cattle; bulls, oxen, or cows. Befall, be-fawV,y.{ x.. ; pret. befell; part, befallen. To be¬ tide ; to happen to; to occur to. It usually denotes ill — v.n. To happen ; to come to pass ; to take place. Befallen, he-Jaiol'-n, pp. of the verb to befall. Befalling, be-fawV-ing, s. That which befalls. Befell, he-feV, pret. of the verb to befall. Befit, he-Jit', v.a. To suit; to be suitable to; to become Befitted, be-fit'-ted, pp. of the verb to befit. Befitting, he-fitf-ting, iipr. Suiting; becoming. — a. Fit; suitable; appropriate. BEFLATTER,t6'9-/^«^'-^<5r,v.a. Toflatter; tocajole. Bbflattered, he-Jlai'-terd, pp. of the verb to befiatter. Beflower, be-fiow'-er, v.a. To besprinkle with erup¬ tions or spots. BEFOAM.t he-foam'y v.a. To cover with foam. Befog, oe-fo f, v.a. To involve in a fog. Befogged, he-fogd', pp. Involved in a fog. Befool, be-fooV, v.a. To fool; to delude ; to infatuate. Befooled, oe-fooldf, pp. of the verb to befool. Before, he-fore', prep. Fai’thcr onward; in the front of; in presence of; in sight of; under the cognizance or jurisdiction of; in the power of; free to the choice; preceding in time; in preference to ; superior to, pre - ceding in dignity; prior to, preceding in order; previous to ; in order to. "^Before the wind, denotes in the direction of the wind and by its impulse. - ad. Sooner than ; earlier in time ; in time past; pre¬ viously to; liitherto; already; farther onward place, in progress, or in front; in front,on the fore pa Before-cited, be-jore'-site-ed, a. Cited in a preced part; mentioned before. Before-going, be-fore'-go-ing,jsi. Preceding. Beforehand, oe-Zore'-AwKii, ad. In a state of anticipa¬ tion ; by wav of preparation or prehmim ff; ante¬ cedently ; previously; at first, before any thing is done. Before-mentioned, be-fore’-men-shund, a Mentioned before; cited in a preceding pan. Beforetimb,4: be-fore-time, ad. Formerly ; of old. Bbforn,$ be-foarn', prep, and ad. Before. Bbfortune^ be-for'-tyun, v.a. To happen to; to betide. Befoul, v.a. Tosoil; to make dirty ; to poUute. Befrecklb± be-freJf-l, v.a. To frock ; to spot. Befriend, be-frend'. v.a. To favour; to aid or benefit to be kind to ; to countenance. Befriendment, be-frend'-ment, s. Act of befriending. B^ringe, v.a. To furnish or decorate vvitn s fringe ; to adorn as with a fringe. Befringed^ be-frinj^, pp. of the verb to befringe. Bkfur, be-/ur', v.a. To cover with fur. BETruRED. he- fnrd', pp. or a. Covered with fur [ 93 ] BELAWaiVE BEG Bbo, bfg, v.a. To asK earnestly ; to entreat; to beseech ; to ask or supplicate in charity; to take for granted, or assume without proof; to solicit; to request. - v.n. To practise begging ; to live by asking alms. Beg, hegy \ s. A Turkish title, signifying prince or chief, Beyj ba, j and commonly designating the governor of a town or district, and more particiriarly, the lord of a sangiac or banner. In Tunis, the beg, or bey, is the prince or king, answering to dey, which was the title of the former ruler of Algiers. Beoall,4: be-gawV, v.a. To gall; to fret; to chafe. Began, be gan', pret. of the verb to begin. BEGAWEDjf he-gawd', a. Bedecked with finery. Beget, v.a.; pret. begot,begat; begot, begotten. To procreate; to generate; to produce; to cause. Begetter, be-gei'-ter, s. One who begets; a father Beggahle, heg'-ga-bl, a. That may be begged. Beggar, bt o'-gar, s. One who lives by asking alms; one reduced to complete poverty; a petitioner; one who assumes in argument what he does not prove. —v.a. To reduce to beggary; to impoverish; to exhaust. Beggared, beg'-gard, pp. oi the verb to beggar. BEGGARLiNESS,6e^-firar-^e-nes, s. Tlie state of being beg- gany; meanness; extreme povoriy. Beggarly, bcg'-gar-le, a. Mean ; poor ; indigent. — ad. Meanly ; indigently ; despicably. Beggary, beg-gar-e, s. Extreme indigence ; poverty. Begged, oega, pp. of the verb to beg. Begging, beg'-ging,s.The act or practice of soliciting alms. Beqhard, > 6as. A name given in Germany to Begxjard, / mendicant friars, of various orders. Begilt, be-gilt', a. Gilded. BEGiN,oe-j 7 m', v.n.; pret.began; pp.begu7i. Tohavean original or first existence ; t© take rise; to commence. — v.a. To do the first act of any thing ; to enter on; to commence; to trace from an y thing, as the first ground; to lay the foundation; to originate. Beginner, be-gin'-ner, s. The person who begins ; an inexperienced attempter; one who is in his rudiments; a young practitioner. Beginning, s. The first cause ; origin, the first state ; commencement; entrance into being; the rudiments, first ground, or materials; first act; first part. Begird, be-gerd', v.a.; pret. begirt, begirded; pp. begirt. To bind with a girdle; to surround; to enclose; to encompass; to besiege ; to shut in. Begirded, .v * t • j Beqirt, he-gerV ’ } PP- Beglerbeg, beg^-ler-heg, s. The governor of a Turkish province, which is hence called a heglerheglic. Begloom,$ be-gloom’, To make gloomy ; to darken. BEGNAw, 60 -noi 4 ;',v.a. To eataway; to corrode; to nibble. Begod,$ />e-gfod', v.a. To deify. Begone, be-gawn', inteij. Go away; depart; haste away. Bbgored. be-goard', a. Besmeared with gore. } PP- Pf BEORAVEjt be-grav^, v.a. To biUT"; to engrave. Begrease, he-greez', v.a. To soil or daub with grease. Begrime, 6c-^r*me', v.a. To soil deeply with dirt or soot. Begrimed, be-grlmd', pp. of the verb to begrime. Begrimer, he-grime'-er, s. He or that which begrimes. Begrudge, be-g^-udj', v.a. To envy the possession of. Begrudged, be-grudgd'ypp. of the verb to begrudge. Beguile, be-gile', v.a. To delude; to deceive; to impose on; to elude by craft; to pass pleasingly; to amuse. Beguiled, be-gild', pp. of the verb to beguile. Bequilement, he-giW-rnent, s. Act of beguiling; deceit. Beouiler, be-gilwels; colic. Belly-band, bel'-le~bana, s. A band that em^■Mnpa8ses the belly of a horse, and fastens the saddle ; k girth. Belly-bound, heV-le-oownd, a. Extremely costive. Belly-cheer^: bel'-le-tsheer, s. Good cheer. —% v.n. To feast; to revel. Belly-churl, $ hel'-le-tshurl, s. A mstic glutton. Belly -FRETTING, bel'-le-fret-ting, s. The chafing of a horse s belly with a girth; a violent pain in a horse’s belly, caused uy worms. Bellyful, bel'-le ful, s. As much as fills the bcUv or satisfies the appetite; a sufficiency of any thing • more than enough; a great abundance. (Yulgar.) Belly-god, ofZ -le-god,&, A glutton ; a greedy epicure Bellying, a. Protuberant; swelling out B-EijLy-vivcu^ii.bel'-U-pintsht, a. Pinched with huii"er Belly-roll, beV-le-role, s. A roller protuberant in middle, wed to roU land between ridges,or in hollo BELLY-SLAVE [ 05 ] BENEFICENCE Bbllt-slave, beV-U-BlavCj s. A slave to the appeure. Belly-timber. heV-le-tim-berj 8. Food. (Vulgar.) Beloce, he-lokf, v.a. To lock, or fasten as 'with a lock. Bblomanct, hel'-o-man~s6, s. A kind of divination by marked arrows, practised by the ancient Scythians, Babylonians, and other nations. Belonb, beV-o-7ie, s. The gar, garfish, or eea-needle, a species of the Ilsox or Pike family. Belong, be-long', v.n. To be the property of 5 to be the concern, province, or proper business of; to appertain; to be a resident or native of; to be appendant to; + to have relation to ; to be the quality or attribute of; to be suitable for; to relate to, or be referred to. Belonged, be-longcV, pp. of the verb to belong. Belonging,$ be-lon^-mg^ s. A quality or endowment. Belove,$ he-luv', v.a. To love greatly. Beloved, be~luvd', pp. of the verb to belove. — B,.be-luv'-ed. Greatly loved; very dear. Below^ &e-M',prep. Under in place; beneath; not so high; inferior in rank, excellence, or dignity; unworthy of. — ad. In a lower place; on earth; in hell; in the region of the dead. In law, in an inferior court. Belowt^: be-lowf, v.a. To treat with contemptuous language; to call names. Bel-sire, beV-sire, s. An illustrious ancestor. BelswAGGER, bel'-Bwag-gev, 9. A lewd man; a bully. Belt, belt, s. A girdle ; a band or bandage ; a circlet; any thing which encompasses; a disease among sheep. In astr., certain gii’dles or rings which surround the planet Jupiter are called belts. In geog., two straits or narrow passages at the entrance of the Baltic Sea are termed the Great Belt and Little Belt. — v.a. To encii’cle; to encompass as with a belt. Beltane, beV~tane, ) s. An ancient festival, said to be Beltein, bel'-tin, j of druidical origin, kept in Ire¬ land on the 21st oi June, and in the Highlands of Scot¬ land on the 1st of May, old style. During its celebra¬ tion fires are kindled on the tops of the hiHs, and various ceremonies are gone through. Bei.ted , beW-ed. a. Wearing a belt; having a belt or belts. Beluga, be-lew-gd, s. A species of the dolphin, found ill the Arctic seas, and caught for its oil and skin. BE..ue, be'-lus, s. One of the names of Baal, the chief deity of the Babylonians and Assyrians. Belvedere, bel'-ve-deer, s. In ai'ch,, a small pavilion or turret erected on the top of a house, or a small edifice constructed in a garden, for the purpose of obtaining an extensive view of the surrounding country. In hoi., a species of Chenopodiura, popularly called goose- foot, wild orach, and annual mock cypress. Belye, be-li', v.a. See Belie. Bblzebub. bel'-ze-bub, s. Satan. See Beelzebub. Bema,$ be-mA^ s. A chancel. In antiquity, a rostrum or stage,on which speakers stood to addi’ess an assembly. Bemad,J be^mad', v.a. To make mad. BEMANGLE,tfee-m(zn 5 r'-^Z,v.a. Tomangle; to tear asunder Bbmasx, be-7ndsk', v.a. To mask; to hide: to conceal Bemaze,+ be-7naze', v.a. To bewilder; to perplex. BEMETEjj he~7neetf, v.a. To measure. Eemingle, he-7nmg'-gl, v.a. To mingle; to mix. Bemire, be~mire'. v.a. To soil or di’ag in the mire. Bemist,$ be-7nisr, v.a. To cover or involve in mist. Bemoan, be-moan', v.a. To lament; to bewail. Bemoanable,^ be-7noan'-A-bl, a. That may be lamented. Bemoaned, be-moand', pp. of the verb to bemoan. Bbmoaner, be-moan'-er, s. One who laments. Bemoaning, be-moan'-mg, s. Lamentation. BEMocK,+6e-woA/, v.a. To treat with mockery; to deride. — v.n. To laugh at; to ridicule. Bbmoil4 be-moyl'jY.a. To bedraggle ; to soil or bemire Bemoistbn, he-inoys'-n, v.a. To moisten ; to wet, Bemol, be'-mol, s. In Tnusic, a half note ; B fiat. Bbmonstbr,^ he-mon'-ster, v.a. To make monstrous. 3 emourn,+ be-moarn', v.a. To weep or mourn over. Bemuddle, be-mud'-dl, v.a. To confuse; to stupefy. Bemused, be-mev)zd', a. Overcome with musing ; dream¬ ing : a word of contempt, BEN,&tfn. A Hebrew prefix to many names, signifies .son; a word of Saxon origin, used by old English au¬ thors for are, been, and tooe; also, a Gaelic word pre¬ fixed to the name of many summits north of the Firths of Clyde and of Forth, to indicate that they are among the most elevated of the mountain ranges which ti‘a- verse that country. Ben, > s. A purgative fruit or nut, the Ben-nut, ) fruit of the Moringa aptera. It yields an oil by pressure, called oil of hen, or ben oil, used In pharmacy and perfumery. BteNCH, bentsh, s. A long seat to IxaU several; the seat where judges sit In court ; the seat of justice ; hence, the persons who sit as judges; the court; a strong table, usually with a screw fitted to it, on which «’ar- penters, &c., prepare their work; a ledge left on the edge of a cutting in earth-work to strengtlien it. Sec Bank. In old writers, an idler; a tavern-lounger. — v.a. To furnish with benches; to seat on a bench. — v.n. To sit on a seat of justice. Bencher, 6enfs/i'-«r,s. The benchers of the inns of court, are the senior members of the society, who have the government of it, and have been readers. The word IS also sometimes used for a jud^e, or an alderman. Bench-hook, bentsh'-hdbk, s. In joinery, a pin fixed to the bench to prevent the stuff in working from slidiug out of its place. Bench-marks, bentsh'-marks, s.pl. Marks left on a line of sui’vey for reference at a future time. Bench-warrant, s. An order or war* rant issued by a couit for the apprehension of a per¬ son guilty of contempt, or indicted for crime. Bend, bend, v.a.; pp. bended, or bent. To make crooked : to curve; to inflect; to stretch; to strain; to excit*; to apply closely, to exercise laboriously; to direct to a certain point, as one’s course; to inciine; to be deter¬ mined; to subdue; to make submissive. Inseamanship, to fasten one tiling to another, as a sail to its yard, or a cable to an anchor.— To bend the broiv, is to knit the brow; to frown. — v.n. To be crooked; to incurvate; to incline; to lean or turn ; to jut ever; to resolve, or determine; to be prone to; to bow; to yield; to be submissive. — s. A curve ; a turn in a road or river; flexure ; im curvation; $ a band; a particular kind of knot made by seamen. In her., an honourable ordinary, supposed to represent a shoulder-belt or scarf. It is formed by lines drawn from the dexter corner to tlie sinister base, and contains a third part of the field^ when charged, and a fifth, when plain.— Bends of a ship are the thickestand strongest planks in her sides, more commonly callcil wales. Bendable, hend'-A-bl, a. That may be bent. Bender, hend'-er, s. The person who bends, or makes crooked; also, an instrument for bending other things. Bendlet, bend'-let, s. In her., a little bend, wluch occu¬ pies a sixth part of a shield. Bendy, bend'-e, a. In her., applied to the field divided into parb^: diagonally, and varying in metal and colour. Bene, ben' e, s. The Sesamuni orientnle, or oil plant. Bene, he'-ne. A Latin adverb, familiar in the phrase 7iota bene. Its meaning, well, good, enters into that of most of the following words, which begin with Bene. Beneaped, be-neepf , a. Among seamen, a ship is said to be beneaped when the water does not now liigh enough to float her out of a dock or over a bar. Beneath, be-neeth' , or be-neeW\' , prep. Under; lower in place, with something directly over or on; under, in a figurative sense; lower in rank, dignity, or excellence unworthy of; unbecoming; not equal to. — ad. In a lower place ; below; on earth. Benedict, 8. A married man. —$ a. Having mUd and salubrious qualities, Benedictine, s, A monk of the order of St. Benedict. — a. Pertaining to the order or monks of St. Benedict. Benediction, ben-e-dik'-shun, s. The act of blessing ; a giving praise to God, or l addering thanks for blessings received; a blessing pronounced; a solemn or affec¬ tionate invocation of happiness; an invocation oT' 'uc- cess ill favour of any person, thing, or undertaking; a kind wish uttered; thanks; the advantage confori-Gd by blessing; the form of instituting an abbot, answer¬ ing to the consecration of a bishop. BENEDicTivE,6e»-e-di/c'-^if, I a. Tendingtobless;con- Benedictory, / ferring a blessing. Benefaction, hen-e-fak'-shwi, s. The act of conferring a benefit; a benefit confeived, especially a charitable donation ; a gift; a kind service. Benefactor, ben-e-fak'-ter He who corffers a benefit. Benefactress, s. Afeniale who confers a benefit. Benefice, ben'-e-fis,&. An ecclesiastical living inferior to that of a bishop ; benefit, advantage, or kind¬ ness ; X a fee, or an estate in lands. Beneficed, ben'-e-fist, a. Possessed of a benefice. Beneficelbss,! hen'-e-fis-les, a. Having no benefice. Beneficence, oe-ti^-e^sens, a. The practice of dom? good; active goodne.ss, kindness, or charity BENEPIOENT [ 96 ] BEEOE Beneficent, a. Kind; doing good; per foraiing acts of benevolence; muniiicent; generous. Beneficently, be-nef-e-seiii-le, ad. In a beneficent manner. Beneficial, hen-e-fish*-aly a. Advantageous; contri¬ buting U) a valuable end, useful; helpful; medicinal. - + 5 , benefice. Beneficially, h&n~e-fish*~al~^e, ad. Advantageously. Beneficialness, ben-e-Ash'-al-nes, s. Usefulness. Beneficias.t, ben~e-Jisn-d~re, a. Holding some office or valuable possession in subordination to another; re¬ ceiving aid; relating to fiefs- — s. One who holds a benefice; one who receives any thing as a gift, or is maintained by charity. Bbneficiency^^ ben-e-fish'-en-se, s. Kindness or favour bestowed; benignity; graciousness. Bbkeficient,^ ben-e-fish'-ent, a. Doing good; beneficent. Benefit, benf-e-fityS. An act of kindness; a favourcon- ferred; a ser^'ice; any thing that contributes to pro¬ mote prosperity and happiness; advantage; profit; use; avail; a performance at a theatre, the proceeds of which go to one of the actors as part of his recompense ; or a performance for the benefit of some indigent, deserving person, or some public institution or charity. — v.a. To do good to; to advantage; to prosper. — v.n. To gain advantage; to make improvement. Beneue4: be-neein', v.a. To name ; to promise ; to give. Kenempt.J be-nempf, pp. of the verb to beneme. Henet,$ be-netf,\.Li. To catch in a net; to ensnare. Benevolence, be-nev'-o-lens, s. The disposition to do good; the love of others, accompanied with a desire to promote their happiness ; charity ; generosity; an act of kindness; good done; a species of contribution or tax, formerly levied by the kmgs of England. Benevolent, he-nexf-o-lenty a. Possessing love to man¬ kind, and a desire to promote their prosperity and happiness; kind; affectionate; charitable; generous. Benevolently , he-nev'-o-lent-lej ad. In a kind manner; with good will. Benevolbntness,$ he-nex^-o-lent-neSy s. Benevolence. Benbvolods,$ be-7iev'-o-luSy a. Kind ; benevolent. Bengal, ben-gatvl'y s. A kind of thin stuff, made of silk and hair: so called because originally brought from Bengal. Bengalee, or ben-gawV-e, s. The language or dialect spoken in Bengal. BENOALESE, 6 e/i-graZ-ee 2 ',s. sing, and pi. A native, or the natives of Bengal. Bengal-light, ben'-gnwl-lite, s. A species of fire-work, producing a steady and vivid blue-coloured light. Bengal strifes, ben'-gawl-stripes, s. A kind of cotton cloth, covered with coloured stripes. Benight, be-nite',y .a.. To involve in darkness; to overtake with night; to involve in moral darkness or ignorance. Benign, oe-nine', a. Kind; generous; gentle ; gracious, favourable; benignant; having qualities or disposi¬ tions which tend to produce good; salutary. Benignant, 6e-ni/-nani, a. Kind; gracious; favourable. BENiGNANTLT,5e-n»5r'-nani-Ze,ad.Inabenignantmanner. Benignity, be-7iig'-ne-te, s. Goodness of disposition or heart; kindness of nature; graciousness; actual good¬ ness ; beneficence; salubrity; wholesome quality. BENioNLY, 6 #-mi*e'-Ze,ad. Kindly; favourably; graciously. Benison,+ 6 en'-e-z«, s. Blessing; benediction. Benjamin , be7i'-jd-7nm , s. An American tree, the Laurus benzovi. or spice-bush; a gum or balsam, see Benzoin. Bbnnet, s. The herb bennet, a species of Geum. Bennet-fish, s. An African fish,about two feet long,and havingpurple scales,streakedwith gold. Benshi or Bbnshie, hen'-she, s. See Banshee. Bent, bent'y pp. of the verb to bend. — s. The state of being bent or crooked ; flexure; cur- vity; ^declivity; disposition; alcaning or bias of mind; inclination ; propensity ; fixed purpose; applic:',lion of the mind; flexion; tendency; particular direction. Bent, be7ity \ s. A kind of grass, the Agros- Bent-grass, hent'-gras, j tis ; a withered stalk of grass. Benting-timb, s. The time before peas are ripe, when pigeons feed on bents. Benumb, oe-nitw', v.a. To make torpid; to deprive of sensation; to stupefy; to render inactive. Benumbed, be-nu7nd', pp. of the verb to benu77ib. Bbnumbbdness, be-numa -nee, s. Destitution of feeling. Benumbmbnt, be-7iu7n'-7neHt, s. The act of benumbing. Benzoate, beti'-zo-ate, s. A salt fonned by the union of the benzoic acid with any salifiable base. Benzoic, ben. zo'-ik. a. Pertaining to benzoin.—Benzotc aetd or fioivers of benzomy is a peculiar vegetable acid. obtained in small white aciculat crystals,from benzotB and other bals.ams by sublimation or decoction. Benzoin, Z)en-zoi/n', s. Gum-benjamin; a fragrant, con • Crete resinous juice, flowing from the Styrax be7izoi7ty a tree of Sumatra, &c. It is used as a cosmetic, and burned as incense in Catholic churches. Benzulb, be1^'-z7tley s. A compound regarded as the base of benzoic acid, and of a series of compounds produced from the volatile oil of hitter almonds. BEPAiNT,t be-pat/nfy v.a. To cover witli paint. BepalEjJ be-pale', v.a. To make pale. Bepinch, be-pi7itsh', v.a. To mark with pinches. Bepincht^* I PP* Marked with pinches. Beplaited, be-playf-ed-,a.. Plaited. Beplaster, be-plds'-ter, v.a. To cover with a plaster, to embellish. BEPowDEP.,6e-potc'-fZer,vn. To besprinkle with powder. Bbpraise, be-prayz'y v.a. To praise extravagantly. Bepurple, be-jnir'-plyY.-d. To dye with a purple C 9 lour- Bequeath, be-kiveeth 'To give or leave by will; to hand down to posterity. Bequeathed, be-^weetha, pp. of the verb to bequeath, Bequeathbr, he-ltiueeVa!-ery s. One who bequeaths. BEQUEATHMENT,6e-Atc«eth'-»ne«i,s. A legacy; a bequest. Bequest, s. Something left by will; a legacy. Bequote, be-kwote'y v.a. To quote frequently. BsRAiNjf be-ray7i'y v.a. To rain upon ; to wet. Berate, be-rate', v.a. To chide vehemently ; to scold. Berattle, be-raf-tly v.a. To fill with rattling sounds. BeraTjJ be-ra'y v.a. To make foul; to soil. Berbbrin , her'-be-rinyS. A yellow hitter principle, con¬ tained in the alcoholic extract of the barberry plant. Berberry, ber'-bh'-rey 8. See Barberry. Bere, beer. s. A species of barley grown in Scotland. Bereave, oe-reev', v.a.; pp. bereaved, bereft. To deprive of; to strip; to make destitute ; to take away from. Bereaved, be-reevd', pp. of the verb to bereave. Bereavement, be-ree^-fyieiit, s. Deprivation, particu¬ larly by the loss of a relative or friend by death. Bereaver, he-reei/-er, s. He who bereaves. Bereft, be-reft', pp. of the verb to bereave. BERENOARiANs,o?r-«7i-gra'-re-anz, s.pl. A sect in the 11th century, named from Berengarius, who denied the doctiine of transuhstantiation. Berenice’s hair, ber-e-7ii'-sez haijr, s. A constellation called Co7na Berenices, in the northeni hemisphere, composed of indistinct stars, between the Lion’s Tail and Bootes: so namedincomplimenttoBerenice,"wife of Ptolemy Evergetes, who made an offering of her hair to the gods for the preservation of her husband. B-ERQyX berg. s. A borough, a castle: see Burg. Bergamot, oer'-gd-mot, s. A variety of pear; a species of citron; an essence or perfume from the citron; a species of snuff perfumed with bergamot; a kind of coarse tapestry, so called from Bergamo, in Italy. Bergander, bei-*-ga7%-dery s. A species of duck that breeds in holes under cliffs. Brkq'ekz't,X ber^-zhe-ret,or bei^-je-ret^%. Apastoral song. Beromanite, berg'-ma7i-ite, s. A mineral, a variety of scapolite, found in Norway. Beugmaster, herg'-7n'ds-ter, s. The bailiff or chief officer among the Derbyshire miners. Bbrgmotb, berg'-mote, s. A court held in Derbyshire, to decide controversies between the miners. Bergomasx, her'-go-m'dsky s. A rustic dance. Berhyme, oe-rime', v.a. To mention in rhyme or verse. Berhymed, he-rl7nd', pp. of the verb to berhyine. Berlin, ber-lin, or her Am', s. A carriage of the chariot kind, first made, it is said, at Berlin. Berlin blue, ber'-lm blu, s. Prussian blue. Berluccio, ber-luk'-se-», s. A small bird, somewhat like the yellow-hammer, but less, and more slender. Berme. berTH, s. In fort., a space of ground of four or five feet in width, left between the rampart and the moat or foss. In canals, the slanting bank on the side opposite ^e towing-path. Bernacle, ber'-nd-kl, s. See Barnacle. Bern ARDiNB, ber'-7iar-dm, a. Pertaining to the order of monks foimded in 1115 by St. Bernard, bishop of Clair- vaux, in Fi'ance. — 8. A monk of the order of St. Bernard. BernbTjJ ber'-nety s. The crime of arson. Bernouse, ber-noosf, s. A kind of loose mantle woni by the Arabs. Beroij,± be-rob'y v.a. To rob ; to plunder. P.EROE,tw‘'-o-€,s. A marine animal of the Medusa family It is remarkable for emitting a phosphoric light. BEEllISD [ 07 3 BESTEAD hRauiSD, Wr'-rMi, a . l^umisnea with hemes. JJbbri . Wr'-re, ». A succulent or pulpy fruit, contain¬ ing naked seeds, including many yarieties; also,a cor- ruiTtion of barrotc, a small mound, liillock, or tumulus. — T.n. To bear or produce berries. Bburt bbaring, her-re hare'-ing, a. Producing berries. Best, bert^ s. An affix to the names of many Saxon princes and noblemen, signifying illustrious or famous, as, Egbert, Sigbert. a. Bright. Berth, berth, s. A station in which a ship rides at an¬ chor; a room in a ship ; a place in a ship to sleep in, particularly a recess in a cabin ; an office or situation in which a person is employed. ^ V a. To allot berths in a ship. Bbrthella, ber-thel'-ld, s. A genus of marine molluscs. Bbrthieritb, ber'-the-er-ite, s. A dark, steel-gray ore of antimony, consisting of antimon y, iron, and sulphur. BxB.TnoLETix,ber-tho4e'-$he-a, s. A. tall tree of South America, the fruit of which is commonly kno-wn in our markets hy the name of Brazil nuts. Bertram, ber '- tram , s. Bastard pellitory, an herb. Beryl, ber '- il , s. A mineral of great hardness, occur¬ ring ui green, or bluish-green, six-sided prisms. It is ranked among the gems, and is nearly identical with the emerald - hut. ia foce K»Mii4rivi+ {■». the emerald^ but is less brilliant in colour. Berylli^ne, her'-il-lin, a. Of the nature of, or resem- blmg beryl; of a light or bluish-green colour. Beryllium, be-ril'-le-um, s. Same as Glucinum. Berzelite, ber'-ze-lite, s. In mineralogy, magnesian phai-macolyte. Besaint,J be-saynt', y.a. To make a saint. Besayle, be-sayV, s. A great-grand-father: a law tenu. Bescatter.$ be-sknif-ter, v.a. To scatter over. Bescorn be-skorn', v.a. To treat with scorn ; to mock at BEscRATCH,t be-skratsh', v.a. To tear with the nails. Bescrawl, be-skrawl', v.a. To scrawl; to scribble over Bescrben ,6e-sA;re(?n', v.a.To screen; to shelter; to conceal Bescreened, be-skreend', pp. of the verb to bescreen, Bescribble, be-skrih'-bl. v.a. To scribble over. Bbscumber,^ be-skum'-ber, v.a. To encumber. BBSEE,t be-se', v.n. To look ; to mind. Beseech, be-seetsh', v.a.; pret. and pp. besought. To ask or prav with urgency ; to entreat; to implore. ^ 8. A reouest; an earnest entreaty. Eeseecher, be-seetsh'-er, s. One who beseeches. Beseechingly, be-seetsh'-ing-le, ad. In a beseechin manner. BESEEK,±6c-«tfcA', v.a. To request, to beseech. Beseem, v.a. To become; to befit; to be worthy of. BESB^iNQ,6e.«etf7n'.tn<7,ppr.ora. Becoming;meet; fit: worthy of. — s. Comeliness. Beseeminglt ,be-seem'-ing-le,{xd.. In abeseemingmanner. BE 8 EEM 1 NGNE 88 , be-seern'-ing-nes, s. Quality of bein'- beseeming. ' Beseemly. 6e-«eew'-le, a. Becoming; fit; suitable. Beseen.J be-sem', a. Adapted; adjusted. Beset, v.a.; pret. and pp. beset. To surround ; to hem in; to besiege; to press on all sides, so as to per¬ plex ; to entangle, so as to render escape difficult or impossible; to harass; to waylay; to fall upon. Besetting^ beset'-ting, ppr. of the verb to beset. a. Habitually attending*, or pressing. Be3hine,4 : be-shtne', v.a. To shine upon. Beshrbw, be-shru', v.a. To wish a curse to: to exe¬ crate; tto happen Ul to. , c c Beshrouded, be-shrowd'-ed, a. Shrouded. Be8hut,± be-shut^, v.a. To shut up. Beside, ) prep. At the side of; near; over and above; distinct from ; on one side; ^t 01 the regular course or order; not according to, plough not contrary; out of. To be beside one's self,i% to be out of one’s wits or senses. Beside, lad. Moreover; more than that; over Besides, be-sldz , / and above; distinct from. Besidert. be-siu'-er-e, s. A species of pear. * to, or surround with armed forces, for the pin-pose of compelling to sur- *'5' famine‘or by violent llSick8;W Deset , to throng round, and press upon. ^isiEQED, be-seedjd', pp. of the verb to besiege. Of reing'beaiegeT'^' ^?riplo*y4d tn'lteTe’ 1° a l>esieging manner. 089ISES, best -ren, v.a. To allure or entice as a siren. - BesitJ be-sit', v.a. To suit; to become. Beelave* be-slavf, v.a. To subjugate; to eneave. BB8iAvEn,(>e-siaif-er,v.a. To defile or cover with slaver BrsLAVEaED, be-slav’-erd, pi.. Defiled with slaver. BESLiMs.t be-thme’, v.a. To daub with sUme; to soil. Beslobber, be-slob'-ber, \ v.a. To soil or smear with Beslobber, spittle, or any tiling rumiiug n*om the mouth or nose. (Vulgar.) Besmear^ besmeev'^ v.a. To bedaub ; to overspread with any thing soft, viscous, or adhesive ; to soil; to foul. Besmeared, be-smeerd', pp. of the verb to besmear. Besmearer, be-smee.r'-er, s. One who besmears or soils. Besmirch J: besmurtsh', v.a. To soil; to discolour. Besmoke^ be-smoke', v.a. To foul with smoke; to harden or dry m smoke. Besmoked, be-smoakf, pp. of the verb to besmoke. Besmut, besmut', v.a. To blacken with smut or soot. Besmdtted, be-smuf-ted pp. of tlio verb to besmut. Besnow,-!' be-sno', v.a. To scatter like snow. Besnowed, be-snode, pp. or a. Covered or sprinkled with snow, or with white blossoms. Besnuff, be-snuf, v.a. To befoul with snufiT. Besnuffed, be-87iuff, pp. Foul with snuff. Besom, be'-zutn, s. A broom made of twigs. — v.a. To sweep, as with a besom. Besom ER. be'-zum-er, s. One who uses a besom. Besort, be-sorf, v.a. To suit; to fit; to become. —J 8. Company; attendance; train. Besot, be-sof , v.a. To make sottish or foolish: to stupefy with liquor; to infatuate ; to make to dote. Besotted, be-sot'-ted, pp. of the verb to besot. Besottedlt, be-sof-tea-le, ad. In a foolish manner. Besottedness, be-sof-ted-nes, s. Stupidity ; infatuation* Besottingly, be-sof-ting-le, ad. In a besotting manner Besought, he-saivf, pp. of the verb to beseech. Bespangle, be-spang'-gl, v.a. To adorn with spangles to dot or sprinkle with something brilliant. Bespangled, be-spang'-gld, pp. of the verb to bespangle Bespatter, v.a. To spoil by spattering with dut and water; to asperse with calumny or reproacli. Bespattered, be-spaf-tei'd, pp. of the verb to bespatter. BESPAWLjfee-spflM!?, v.a. To soil or make foul with spittle. Bespeak., 6e-«pecA;', v.a.; pret. bespoke; pp. bespoki. ^oken. To order or engage beforehand, or against a mture time; to speak for beforehand by way of apo¬ logy* or to engage favour for; to speak to; to addi*ess to forebode; to betoken; todj5note; to show. Bbrpeaker, 6e-SjpeA'-i,v.a. To mark with speckles or spots. Bespet,^: be-spef, v.a. See Bespit. Bespew, be-spew', v.a. To foul with vomit. Bespice, be-spise', v.a. To season with spices. Bespirt, '\be-spu7'f,'v.di. To spurt out, upon, or over, Bespurt, ) to throw out in a stream or streams. Bespit, v.a.; pret. bespit; pp. bespit, bespitten To daub or soil with spittle. Bespitten, be-spif-tn, pp. of the verb to bespit. Bespoke, be-spoke', ) « n Bespoken, be-spoke'-n ,) Bespeak. Bespot, be-spof, v.a. To mark with spots. Bkspotted, be-spof-ted, pp. Marked with spots. Besfread, bespred’, v.a.; pret. and pp. bespread. Ta spread over; to cover over. Besprent,$ be-sprenf, pp. Besprinkled; sprinkled over. BESPRiNKLE,oe-5j7Wn/:'-Z,v.a. Tosprinkleorscatterovct« Besprinkled, be-sprinkf-ld, pp. Sprinkled over. Besprinkler, be-sprink'-ler, s. One who sprinkles over Besprinklinos, be-sprink'-lingz, s.'pl. Sprinklings. Bespurt, be-spurf, v.a. See Bespirt. Besputter^: be-spuf-ter, v.a. To sputter over. Best, a., superl. of good. Most good ; having good qualities m the highest degree ; most advanced; most accurate; most correct or complete.—TAe best, tlie ut¬ most power; the strongest endeavour ; the most; the highest perfection.— At best the best manner; in iJia utmost degree or extent— To make the best of,to carry to its greatest pei’fection.to put or use to the greate&t advantage.— The best of the way, is the greater part. - ad. superl. of well. In the highest degree; beyond all others; to the most advantage; witli the most ease, with most profit or success ; most correctly; most in¬ timately or particularly. — s. Utmost; highest endeavour, as, to do one’s best. Bestain, he-stayn', v.a. To mark with spots or stains. Bestead, bested', v.a.; pret. and pp. hesttad. To profit to accommodate • to dispose. BESTIAL [ 9S ] BEVILLL bent yai, a. to, or having the quali¬ ties of. a beast, brutal; bea.stly; sensual; vile. Bestiality, hest-yal'-e-te, s. Tne nature or quality of beasts ; degeneracy from human nature , beastliness. Bestialize, oesJ^-i/rtZ-iac, v.a. To make like a beast. Bestially fid. In a bestial manner; brutally. Bbstials4 best’-tjala, s.pl, Beasts or cattle of any kind. Bestiate,^ best'-yate, v.a. To make like a beast. Hestick, 6 e-sitA:', v.a.; pret. and pp. bestuck. To stick over, as with sharp points. Bestir, be-stur', v.a. To put into vigorous action; to move quickly; to hasten. Bestirred, be-siurd', pp. of the verb to bestir. BESTNES84 best'-nfie-ra',v.a. To disclose perfidiously; to betray. Bewrayed, be-rade', pp. of the verb to bewray. Be WRA T ER, 6e-ro' -er, s. A betrayer; a di vulger of secrets. Bewra viNGLv, be-ra -iny-ie, ad. In a manner to bewray. Bewrayment, he-ra'-men^ s. Act of bewraying. Bbwreck.I he-rek', \.a.. To ruin ; to destroy. Bewrouoht,!: be-rawt', a Worked. Bey, 6o, 8. A Turkish title of dignity ; apnnee; a chief; B governor of a province : tee Beg. Betlick ,ba-lik,s. A province governed by a boy. Bbvond, he-yona y prep. On the farther side of; farther onward than, at any indefinite distance ; farther than anv given limit; before; at a place not yet reached; past ■ out of the reach of, not within the sphere of; above ; in a degree exceeding or surpassing; proceed- ing to a greater degree. go heyondy to out^rip in competition ; to exceed in ingenuity, in research,or m any thing else; in to deceive or circumvent. »-ad. At a distance; yonder. ^ i Bezan, ftez'-an, s. A cotton cloth made in Bengal. Bezant, 6e-2Gni', 8. SeeBvzANT. - . , , Bezantler, he~zant'-!er, 8. The branch of a deer 8 horn, next above the brow antler. - * x- -a. Bezel, \ hez'-zl, s. The upper part of the conet of a nng, Bezil j which encompasses and fastens the stone. Bbzoar, be'-zoar, s. A general name for certain calcu¬ lous concretions found in the intestines of animals, formerly supposed to possess antidotalqualltie8.-—xo5st* bezoar, a figured stone resembling the animal bezoar. —Iiezoar'ininerai,a.ii oxide of antimony. nzios.&DH.ybez-o-ar'-dikyii. Composed of 4. A medicine compoundeil wi. }'’'o'<>:•• Hvrvrc K'GOAT. tloai,» 1 fit IndAiisii BBzoAftTiGA.L, bez-o-ar'-tik-ai, a. Antidotal ; cordial, BezoiaA, bez'-o-ik, s. A small tmttaccoua fish. Bkzonian, 6 (?-s gles or comers. Biangulous, oi-ang'-gew-lus, ) (^Little usod.^ Biarchy, hi'-ar-ke, s. A government in which the power is vested in two persons. Biarmi.an, bi-arm'-e-an, a. Noting a people of FiaiancL Biar BNiATE, 8. A salt in which there are two proportions of arsenic acid to one of tlie ha.se. Biarticulate, bi-ar-tik'-yu-late, a. Having two joints. Bias, bi'~as, s. A weight in the side of a bowl, to re¬ gulate its course, or turn it from a straight line; a leaning of the mind; inclination ; prepossession par¬ tiality; prejudice; any thing which infiuences one. — a. Sloping ; slant; t swelled. — ad. Across; diagonally.—On the bias, crosswise. — V a. To incline to one side; to give a particular direc¬ tion to the mind ; to turn away from a right, fair, or impartial judgment; to influence; to prepossess; to prejudice; to pervert. Bias- drawinoh bi'-as-draw'-ing^ s. Partiality. Biased, 1 pp. or a. Inclined from a right Une Biassed,) warped; prejudiced. ^ Biasness, $ 6i'-rt5-nes, s. Inclination to some side. Biadriculate, hi-aw-rik'-yu-late, a. Applied to animals which have two auricles in tlie heart. Biaxal, bi-ax'-al, a. Having two axes. Bin, bib, s. A small piece of linen to put under the chin of an infant when feeding or teething; an upper piece to an apron to cover the breast; the name of a fish. —+ v.n. To sip : to tipple ; to drink frequently. Bibacious, bi-b.i'-shns, a. Addicted to drinking. Bibacity ,± bi-has'-e-te, s. The quality of drinking much Bibber, wV-f>f?r,s. A tippler ; a man given to drinking: chiefly used in composition, as, wine bibber BiBBLE-BABBLE,t Prating; idle talk. Bibbs, bihz, s.pl. In ships, wooden brackets bolted to the hounds of a mast to support the trestle **ee8. Bibio, bib'-e-o. s. The wine-fly, a small insect. Bibitort, bib-e-to-re, a. Pertaining to drinking. Bible, 6 »'-6Z, s. THE BOOK, by way of eminence; the sacred volume, in which are contained the revelatioui of God, the principles of Christian faith, and the rules of practice. It consists of two parts, called the Old and New Testaments, but the term is some¬ times restricted to the former.— Society, a society for the distribution of the Bible. BiBLER,6t&'-tcr. s. A tippler; a great drinker, ablbbor. Biblical, a. Pertaining to the Bible. Biblically, bib'-lik-al-le, ad. According to the Bible. EiBLicisT.Wy-ic-its^s. OneskiUedin biblical knowledge. Bibliographer, bib-le-og'-rd-fer, s. One skilled in th# history of books and literature; one who compiles a history of literary productions; a transcriber. Bibliographic, bib-le-o-graf'-ik, ) a. Relating to Bibliographical, bib-le-o-graf -ik-al, ) bibliography. Bibliography, bib-le-o^-rd-fe, s. A history or descrip¬ tion of books, as to their authors, subjects, dates, edi¬ tions, form, type, and other particulars connected with their publication; the history of literature; the art or science of describing books. Bibliolatry, bib-le-ol'-A-tre, 8 . Homage paid to books. Bibliolite, s. Bookstone ; a species of schistous stones, mostly calcareous, which present^ be¬ tween their laminae, the figures of leaves, orsometimes simple dendrites. Bibliological, bih-le-o-lodj'^ik-aly a. Relating to bib¬ liology. Bibliology, bib^le-ol'-o-je, s. Biblical literature; the¬ ology; a treatise on books ; bibliography. Buliomancy, bibt-le-o-man-se, s. A kind of divination, by selecting passages of Scripture at hazard, and draw¬ ing from them indications concerning things future. Bibliomania, W6-ic-o-ma'-He-a.s. l^ooU-luadne.ss; a rage for possessing rare and curious h'K.ks. f?iBLioMANiAC, bib-le-o-xua'-ue-ak, 6. One who has a rage for books. « , , jpliomant •<'AL, a. PertoiiuDgW a passion for books. BIBLIOMANIAITISM [ 100 ] BieNom A dread of books. u A bookseller. V a. Relating to book- j selling or booksellers. The eraployment of a A bookseller. BiBUOMA.NiAj«isM,6i6-ift“^«-op-o-ltsi'-iZ:,a. Relating to a book seller or bookselling. Bibliotaphist, bib-le-ot'-a-fist, s. One who hides or buries books. Bibliotheca, bib-le-o^the^-ka^ Bibliotheke, bib'-le-o-tlieek Bibliothecal, bib'll -o-the'-kal, a. Belonging to a library. Bibliothbcary, bib-le-oth'-e-ka-re, s. A librarian. Biblist, bib'-list, s. One who is conversant with the Bible; one who makes the Scriptures the sole rule of faith. niBLU8,W6'-^Ms,ft.Tlie papyrus, an Egyptian aquatic plant. Bibracteate, bi-br(iK-te-ate, a. Doubly bracteate. Bibulous, Inb'-yn-lus, a. Spongy ; absorptive. Bicalcaratb, a. Armed with two spurs. Bicapitatei), bi-kap'-e-ia-ted, a. Having two heads. Bicapsdlar, bi-kap'-su-lar, a. In botany, having two capsules containing seeds to each flower. Bicarbonate, hi-kar-bon-ate, s. A carbonate contain¬ ing two equivalents of carbonic acid to one of base, Bicauda, bi-kaio'-dd, s. A species of sword-fish. Bice, | bise, s. A colour used in painting, of which there Bise, 1 are two varieties, a pale blue and a green. Bicephalous, bi-sef-d-lns, a. Having two heads. Biceps, s. In anat., a muscle having two heads. 'id,\ k, !«• ■kal,a.. A library. Bicipital, bi-sip'-it-al, Bicipitods, bi-sip'-it-iis, j \ a. Having two points, or e,j two fangs. , Having two heads; having two origins, as a muscle. liicKER,f»ne who bids o-*' offers a price. Bidding, hid'-ding, ppr. of the verb to bid. — 8. Invitation; command; order; charge; offer of a price for something to be sold. Biddy, hid'-de, g. A hen ; a fowl; a chicken. BiDE,t To dwell; to inhabit; to remain, to •ontlnus»or be pemanent in a place ci state. Bide, v.a. Toendure; to suffer, to wait for: see Abide. Bident, 8. Aspeciesof spear having two prongs. Bidental, bi-dent'-al, ^ Bidbntate, bi-dcfit'-ate, t In bot., two-toothed. Bidentated, bi'-dent-a-ted, ) Bidet, 6t(i' a, or be-detf, s. A small horse, formerly al- lowed to a trooper for cairying his baggage; an arti¬ cle of bedroom fimiiture, used in washing the lower part of the body. Biding, bide'-mg, s. Residence ; habitation. Bidon, 8. A measure of liquids, of about five quarts, used by seamen Biennial, bi-en'-ne-al, a. Continuing for two TC;*rb. happening or taking place once in two years. In bot., continuing for two years, and then perishing. — s. A plant which lives but two years: its roots and leaves are formed the first year, its flowers and fruit are produced the next,after bearing which it perishes. Biennially, bi-en'-ne-al-le, ad. Unco in two years; at the return of two years. Bier, beer, s. A carriage or finme of wood for convey¬ ing the dead to the grave. Bier-balk, $ beer'-baivk, s. The chui’ch road for burials. Biestings, beest’-ingz, s. The first milk given by a cow after calving. Bifacial, bi-fa'-shal, a. Having the opposite faces alike. Bifarious, bi-/a'-re-us, a. Two-fold. In botany point¬ ing two ways ; arranged in tw'o rows. ' Bifariously, hi-fa'-re-us-le, ad. In a bifarious manner Biferous, bif'-er-us, a. Bearing fruit twice a year. Biffin, bif-fin, s. A baked apple pressed into a flatcake. \\iYiD,bi'-Jid, la. in ootajiyj two-cleft; di- Bifidated, bif id-a-ted,} vidod; opening witii a cleft. Bifidly, bif-id-le, ad. In a bifid manner. Biflorous, bi-Jlo'-rus, a. Bearing two flowers. Bifol-d, bV-foald, a. Two-fold; double; of two kinds. Bifoliate, bi-fo'-le-ate. a. In bot., having two leaves. BiFOLLiCDLAR,6i-/b/-i*A'-r/w-iar,a. Having two follicles. Biforate, bi'-fo-raie, a. Having two perforations, as the anthers of the rhododeiidi’on. Biforines, hif-o-rinz, s.pl. Minute, oval sacs, found in the green, pulpy part of the leaves of some plants. Biform, bi'-torm, a. Having two fonns. Biformed, bi'-formd, a. Compounded of two forms. Biformity, bi-form'’C-te, s. A double form Bifronted, bi-frunt'-ed, a. Having two fronts. Bifurcate, 6t'-/h>'-A:aie, v.a. To divide into two branches. Bifurcate, 6i'-/?*r-/caie, la. Eorked; divided into Bifurcated, 6t-/l^ri-^•a-^ed,j two branches or prongs. Bifurcation, bi-fur-ka'-shun, s. A forking or division into two branches. Bifurcous, bi-fur'-kus, a. Two-forked. Big, big, a. Large; great in bulk ; huge; swollen; preg.. nant; teeming; full of something; fi’aught, and about to have vent, or be brouglit forth ; haughty in air or mien; proud; great in spu’it; lofty; brave; powerful. — 6. A Kind, of barley. v.a. To build. Biga, bi'~yd, s. In antiq., a chariot or car drawn by two horses. Bigam, $ bi^-am, s. A bigamist. BIGAMlST,o^y -d-w^s^,s. One who has committed bigamy. Bigamy, 6ty-rt-me,s. The crime of having two wives or husbands at a time; formerly, it also signified the marrying of a second wife after the death of the first, or of a widow as a lii-st wife. Bigaroon, big-d-roon'.^. The large white-heart cherry, Big-bellied, big'-bel-lid, a. Having a great belly; ad¬ vanced in pregnancy; protuberant. Big-boned, a. Having large ^>ones; strong. Big-corned, hig'-kornd, a. Having large grains. Bigeminate, bi-jem'-in-ate, a. In hot., twin-forked. Biqential, 6i'-ien-5/ia^,a.Comprising two tribes of people Biggel, big'-gl, s. An East Indian quadimped, some¬ what resembling a reindeer. Biggin, 6iy-gin, s. A kind of child’s cap; a coffee-pot with a top furnished with a percolator; $ a buildup. Bight, bite, s. A bend; a small bay between two points of land; the double part of a rope when folded • the coil of a cable, not including its ends; tfie inward oent of a horse’s chambrel. and the bent of the fore knees Biglandular, bi-gland-yu-lar, a. In hot., havinsr tvro glands. Bigly, big'-le, ad. Tumidly, in a haughty,blustering manner. o & Bigness, biV-ncs, 8. Bulk; size, dimensions. BiGNONiA,o»g-no'-ne-d, s. The Trumpet-flower of plants, chiefly sbrubs, inhabiting warm climata BIGOT E 101 ] BIMEBIIL Bioo^j 8. Oue who is obstinately devoted to a paracular creed, opinion, or party; a blind zealot. Bigot, big^-ut, la. Oostinateiy attaclied to some Biootbd, j creed, opinion, or practice; ir¬ rationally zealous. Bigotbdly, hig'-ut-ed-le, ad. In the manner of a bigot; with blind zeal; pertinaciously; superstitiously. Bigotry, 6i/-w^-re, s. Obstinate unreasonable attach¬ ment to, or zeal in favour of, some particular creed, opinion,or party; excessive prejudice; superstition; the practice or tenets of a bigot. Bio-sounding, big'~sotoiid-ing, a. Having a pompous sound. Bio-swoLN, big'-sicoaln. a. Turgid; ready to burst. Bihydroguret, hi'hi-drog'-yu-ret, s. A compound of two atoms of hydrogen with a base. Bijou, s.; pi. Bijoux. (Fr.) A trinhet; a jewel; any elegant ornament. Bijodtry, be'-zhoo-trcy s. Jewelry; trinkets. Bijuoous, bi-jxi'-gusy \ a. Having two pairs of opposite Bijugate, bi-ju'-gate ,) leaflets. Bilabiate, bi-la'-be-ate, a. Having two lips^ as a corol. Bilaciniate, bi-ld-sin'-e-ate, a. In oo^., apphed to a leaf when the margin is divided into two segments. TiUJMVLiikHs.fbi-lam'-el-'latey la. In &o^., having the Bilamellated, hi-latn'-el-la-tedf } form of a flatted sphere, longitudinally bifid. BiJiANDER, bil'-an-der, s. A kind of hoy or small vessel, broad and flat, used chiefly on the Butch canals. Bilateral, bi-lat'-er-al, a. Having two sides. Bilberry, bil'-ber-re, s. A shrub, or its fruit, a species of whortle-berry, the Vacciniutn myrtillus. Bilbo, hii'-bo, s. A rapier, a sword: so named, it is said, from liilboa, in Spam, where the best were made. Bilboes, biV-bozcy s.pl. I-ong bars of iron with shackles, used at sea to confine the met of prisoners or offenders. Bilsoquet, bil'-bo~ket, s. The toy called a cup and ball. Bild»itein , bild'-stine, s. See Agalmatolite. Bile bile, s. A thick, yellow, bitter liquor, separated fi-om the blood in the liver, collected in the gall- blaaier, and thence discharged by the common duct; an ij.flamed tumour, a boil. l''ig., ill-humour; rage. Biled' cTybile'-dukt, s. A vessel or canal to convey bile; the b-ipatic duct and its branches. Bile8t*.ne, bile'-stone, s. A concretion of viscid bile. Bilge, bilj, s. The protuberant part of a cask at the middle; the broadest pEirt of a ship’s bottom. — v.n. To suftbr a fracture in the bilge; to spring a leak by a fracture in the bilge; to let in water; +to bulge. Bilged, biljd, pp. or a. Having a fracture in the bilge. Bilge pumf, oiif-punip, s. A pump to di'aw the bilge- water from aship. BilgE' vateb, bilf-ivaio-ter, s. "Water which enters the leakef a ship, and accumulates on her bilge or bottom. Biliary, bil'-yu-re, a. Belonging to the bile; convey¬ ing the bile .—Biliary calculusi^a gall-stone or concre¬ tion lormed in the gall-bladder. Bilinooal, I In two languages. 1 iiLJiioaAB.,bt-hng-gwar, j BiLiNGDOus, 6t-hnf/'-yi>cus, a. Having two tongues, or speaking two languages. Bilious, biV-yus. a. X^ertaining to bile; consisting or partaking • ' bile; affected by a superabundance of bile; choleric. Bilitbral, hi-lit'-er-al, a. Consisting of two letters. hihK,bilk,v.SL. To frustrate or disappoint; to deceive; to cheat; to defraud. — s. A cheat; a trickster. (Vulgar.) Bilxed, bilkt, pp. of the verb to bilk. Bill, b%l, s. The beak of a fowl; a short axe or hatchet w'ith a hooked point; a kind of halberd, or battle-axe, formerly used by foot soiuiers. Bill, s. Any written paper containing a statement of particulars; an account goods sold or delivered, ser¬ vices rendered or work done, with the price or value annexed to each article an advertisement posted up. In law, a declaration in writing, e^ressing the griev¬ ance or wrong which the plamtiff has sustained, or which some person has committed against a law; a form or draft of a law presented to a legislature, prior to its passing into un act.—A bill of exchange, is an order di’awn on a person, requesting him to pay money to some person assigned by the drawer, in considera- , lion of value received.—A hill of entry, is a written , account of goods entered at the custom-house.—A hill of sight, is a provisional entry , at the custom-house, of goods respecting which the importer has not full in¬ formation so as to describe them exactly.—A bill of is a formal receipt signed by the master of a mereliaiit vessel, acknowledging that he has received the goods specified in it on board his shin^and bhiding himself, tmder certain exceptions, to deliver theta tn the like good order as received, at the place and to the individual named, &c. There are usually triplicate copies, one for the party sending, another for the party to whom the goods are sent, and the third foe the captain.— of parcels, is an account of goods bought, with their prices, given by the seller to the buyer; an invoice.—A bill of sale. In law, is a written conveyance of certain goods, therein named, by a debtor to a creditor, authorizing him to dispose of the same if his debt be not paid according to the tenns of the contract.—A hill of health, is a certificate from the proper authorities as to the state of health of a ship’s company at the time of her leaving port.—A hill q< mortality, is an account of the number of deaths in a place in a given time.—A hill of rights, is a summary of rights and privileges claimed by a people.—A biCl of divorce, in the Jewish law, was a writing given by the husband to the wife, by which the marrsdge relation was dissolved. , . . . , ^,,1 Bill, bil, v.a. or n. To caress, as doves, by joining bills, to fondle, —J y.a. To advertise tiy a bill or public notice. liiLLAGE, bii'-lagej s. See IIiloe. Billaed, bil'-lard, s. A bastard or imperfect capon, also a flsli of tlie cod land. Pill-book, bil'-bo'ok, s. A book in which a trader makes a formal entry of all bills accepted and received by him, their amount, date when due, by whom and where payable, &c. . Billed* a. Furnished with a bill. ^ _ Billet; bil'-let, s. A small paper or note m wTltmg, used for various purposes: a short letter, addressed t<» some person; a ticket, directing soldiers at what house to lodge, or the lodging thus obtaiued; a small log of wood; an ornament in Norman architectui'e. in her,, a beaidng of an oblong square form. — v.a To quarter or lodge, as soldiers. Billet-doux, popularly, bil -le-doo, 8. [kT.) A love note or letter. , a. ^ *. BiLL-nsH, bil'-fish, e. A large fish, found in the great lakes of North America. ^ , Billiard, iii'-yarrf,a. Pertaining to the game of billiards Billiards, biV-yardz, s.pl. A game played on a rect-- angular table, covered •with a green cloth, with smait ivory balls, which the players aim to drive into pockett* at the sides and comers of the tables, by impelling on« ball against another, with maces or cues. Billing, bil'-li 7 ig, ppr. or s. Joining of bills; caressing. Billingsgate,A fisn market in London noted for foul language; hence, foul language ribaldry. Billion, 6il'-yun, s. A million of millions. Among the French, a thousand millions. Billittihg, bil'-lit-ting, 8. The ordure or dimg of a fox, BiLLMAN.t bil’-man, s. A soldier armed with a bill. Billon, bil'-lon, s. Gold or sllver-aUoyed with copper,, the copper predominating. Billot, s. Gold or silver in the bar or mass. Billow , biV-lo, s. A large rolling wave of the sea^ — v.n. To swell; to rise and roll in large waves or '^.urges Billow-BEATEN, biV-lo-beet-n, a. Tossed by billows. Billowed, bil'-lode, pp. Swelled, like a billow. Billowing, I a. Swelling, or swelled into Billowy, Wr-io-e, j large waves; wavy; full of billows or surges. Bill-sticker, 6tr-s«i7c-er, s. One whose business is to stick up bills or placards in public places. Hij.ohzi), bi'-loabd, I Bivided into two lobes. Bilobate, oi-to -bate,} . . , , . a. Bilocular, hi-lok'-yu-lar , a. In 6of., divided into twa cells, or containing two cells internally. IMMACULATE, bi-inak'-yu-late,2i,. Ha"ving two spots. Bimana, bi-ma'-nh, s. Tw'O-handed animals; a term ai>- plied to the highest order of Mammalia '" w hich maa IS the type and sole genus. Bimane, ox'- mane, > Having two hands. Bimanous, 6*-ma-MU«,) ® BiMAaGiNATE,ftt-mar'-;;»n-af«,a. Having a double margin^ Bimariai*,$ bi-ma'-re-an, Bimarical.^ bi-mar'-e-kal .h- Belonging to two seas Bimedial, bi-m«f-de-al, a. ^Belonging to a quantity aris¬ ing from a particular combination of two other quan- tiues. In math., if two medial lines, A B ^d B t., commensurable only in pow'cr, and containing a r% tional rectangle, are compounded, the whole line A Q ■'vlll be in-ational, and is culled u first bimedial Uue. BIMENSAL BIED’S-TONGUE t 102 ] Occurring once in two -- 3(11, I a. ____ KiMEaTRiAL, bi-me^-tre^al, / months; continuing two months. Bimuscular, a. Haring two attaching muscles and two muscular impressions, as a moUusk. Bin, htn, s A large box, or chest, for holding com, bread, or other commodities,.a partition in a cellar for stowing wine in bottles. Bin. An obsolete form of be and been. Binaclk, oin' (i-kl, s- Hee Binnacle. a. Two; dual; composed of two. — 8. Tim constitution of two. Binate, hi'-nate,^. Being double; growing in pairs. KIND, hind. r.a.; pret. bound; pp. bound, and obs. bannden. To tie together with a cord, or any thing that IS flexible; to fasten ; to gird ; to wrap or involve in a oov»T or bandage; to coniine; to restrain; to oblige r.y a promise, vow, law, or any moral tie; to compel, lo engage; m constrain by a powerful in¬ fluence or persuasion ; to confirm or ratify; to make costive, nake hard or firm; to form a border; to fasten with a band, or any thing that strengthens the ediies. to sew together and cover with leather, or any thing firm, as a hook; to cover or secure by a band" to oblige to serve by contract. — v.n. To contract; to grow hard or stiff; to grow or become costive ; to be obligatory. — s. A stalk of hops; the indurated clay of coal mines In wMjfic,a ligature or tie which groups notes together A bitid of eels, in a quantity numbering 250. Binder, oind'-er, s. ^ A person who hinds; one whose occupation is to bind books; one who binds sheaves ■ any thing that binds, as a fillet or band. Binderv . bind'-er-e, s. A place where books are bound. Binding, olnd'-ing, ppr. of the verb to bind. — a. That binds; that obliges; obligatory. The act of binding; a bandage ; the cover of a book; anything that binds; something that secures the edge of cloth. ” Bindinglt, bind'-ing-le, ad. So as to bind. BiNDiNONEss.Mnd'-fn^-ncs.s.State ofhavingforcetobind. BiNDWELD.oxnri 'WeedfS. The popular name of a species of Convolvulus and some other plants. Binervafe, bi-nerv'-ate, a. In'hot., applied to leaves that have two longitudinal ribs or nerves. In etitom having the wing supported by only two nerves. BiNo,^ng. s. Aheap. Binnacle, bin’-nfi-H, s. The compass-box of a ship. Binny, W ne, s. A fish, the barbel of the Nile. Binoclb. bin'-o-kl, s. A telescope fitted with two tubes, so thatan object may be viewed with both eyesatonce. Binocular, bi-nok'-yti-lar, | a. Having two eyes; hav- BiNocrLATE, bi-nok' -yu-late, j ing two apertures or tubes. Binomial. A*-no ~me~al, a. In aXgehra, a root consisting of two members, connected by the signp/ws or minus. HiNoMiNoDs, bi-nomf -in-US, a. Having two names Binotonuos, bi-nof-o-nxis, a. Consisting of two notes. Binous, bi nus, a. In hot., double; in a pair. BiNoxn>E,t hi-noa^-t'fe, s. In chem.,a. deutoxide, q.v. Biockllatk, hi-os'-el-tate , a. Marked with two eye-like spots, as the wings of an insect. Biodynamics, A«-o-^e-«aw'-»As,8.pl. The doctrine of vital forces or activity. Biographer, bi-og'-rd-fsr,^ s. One who writes an ac¬ count of the life of a particular person; awriter of lives Biographic, i a. Pertaining to, or Biographical, / containing biography. Biographically, ad. In the manner of a biography. Bioorapu y , hi-og^-rA-fe, s. The history of the life and character of a particular person; or a history of the lives of noted men generally ; the art of writing lives. Biology, Oi-or-o->e, s. The science of life; physiolegy. Biotina, 1 8. A mineral from Vesuvius: see Biotine, | Anorthite. BiPARors, hip'-A-rus, a. Bringing forth two at a birth. Bipartibli . a. That maybe divided into Bipartile, hip'-ar-til, j two parts. Bipartient. bi-par'-snent, a. Dividing into two parts. — s. A number that divide*'another into two equal parts- Bitabtitb. hif/-ar-tiU, a. Having two correspondent parts In l>ot .. divided into two parts to t he base, as a leaf. Bipartixion , bi-par tish'-un, s. The act of dividing into two parts, or of making two correspondent parts. Bipectinatb, bi-pek'-tin-ate, a. In botany, having two margins toothed, like a como Biped,—' * *- '—”—• Hwkda », W'’-«ed,s. Am animalhaving only two feet, as man. >At. hip'-e-dal, a. Having two feet; two feet long. Bipbetatb, bi-peV-tate.n. In zool., appited whMi an ani mal or part has a defence like a do^le shield. Bipennate, bi-pen'-nate. ) ^ _ i Bipennated, bi-pen'-nd-ted, ) H^-vmg two wmgs. BiPETALou8,Dt-ptf^-d-ius,a. Having two flower-leaves, or two petals. Kipinnate^ hi-pin'-nate, ) a. In &o^., having piimate Bipinnated, bi-pin'-nd-ted, ] leaves on each side of the petiole. Bipinnatifid, hi-pin-naf -e-fid, a. Doubly pinnatifid. Bipolar, bupo'-lar, a. Doubly polar ; having two poles. Bipont, hi'-pont, ) a. Relating to editionsor clas- Bipontine, bi-ponf-in, j sic authors printed at Deux- Ponts, in Germany. Bipunctttal, oi-pimkf-yu-al, a.. Having two points. hiPvTiLLKT-E, bt-pew'-pil-late. &. A term applied when an eye-like spot on the wing of a butterfly has two dots or pupils within it of a different colour. Biqcadrate, bi-ktvod'-rate, ) s. In math., the fpurth BiqdadratiCj bi-kwod-raf-ik, j power, arising from the multiplication of a square by itself. — a. Pertaining to the biquadratic, or fourth power. Biquintile, bi-kwin'-til, s. An aspect of the planets, when they are distant from each other by twice the fifth part of a ^eat circle, that is 144®. Biradiate, bi-ra'-de-ate, 1 ^ -tt- • BiRADiATED,6*-ra'-rf«-a-fed, j Having two rays. Birch, hertsh, s. A genus of trees, the Betula of botan¬ ists, of several species; a rod oi birch, or instimment of chastisement used in schools. — V.a. To chastise, as a boy, by whipping with a hii'ch. Birch, bertsh, | a. Made of birch; consisting of Birchen, bertsh'-n,\ birch. Birch-broom, bertsh'-broom, s. A broom madP of birch twigs. Bird, herd, a. A general name of the feathered kind; a small fowl; acmcken. — v.a. To catch or snare birds. Bird-bolt, berd'-boalt, s. An arrow for shooting birds. Bird-cage, 6firrf'-A:q;e, 8. A frame-work with inter&titiail spaces, made of wire or wicker, for keeping birds. 'B\B.D-cjLLij,berd'-kaivl, s. A pipe, or little stick, cleft at one end, in which is put a leaf of some plant, used by fowlers to alliu’e birds by imitating their notes. Bird-catcher^ herd'-katsh-er, s. One whose employment is to catch birds; a fowler. BiRD-CATCHiNG,6ernder, ber-gan-der, s. A species of wild goose. BiRHOMBOiDA.L,6i-rowi-Z)oyd'-aZ,a. Having a surface com¬ posed of twelve rhombic faces. B 1 RKEN 4 berk'~n, v.a. To beat with a birch or rod. Birlaw, fter'-latc, s. Se« By-law. Birman, ber'-man, s. A native of Ava or the Birman Empire. — a. Pertaining to Birma, or the Birmans, Birmese, her'-meez, a. Same as Birman. — s.pi. The people of Birma. B 1 RO 8 TRATE, bi-ro^'trate, ) a. Having adouble beak, Birostrated, bi-ros'-tra-ted,j or beak-uke process. Birt, hurt, 8. A fish of the turbot kind. Birth, berth, s. The act of coming into life, orof being bom, lineage; extraction ; rank by descent; the con¬ dition or cu’cumstances In which a person is born; that which is born, that which is produced, whether animal or vegetable; the act of bringing forth; origin; beginning; fa q.v. BiKTUDA.'i ,oerth'-da,s. The day on which one is bom, oy the same day of the month in every succeeding year — a. Relating to the day of one’s birth, BiRTHDOM,t berth'-dicm, s. Privilege of birth. Birthing, berth'-ing, s. Any thing added to raise the sides of a ship. Birthless, berth'-les, a. Destitute of birth. Birtunight, s. The night in which a per¬ son is born, or the anniversary of that night iu suc¬ ceeding years. Birthplace, berth'-plase, s. The town, city, or country where a person is bom. Birthright, berth'-ritej s. The rights and privileges to which a person is entitled by birth. Birthsin, W^V-s^n, s. Original sin ; sin from birth. Birthsono, berth'-song, s. A soug sung at the birth or anniversary of the nativity of a person. Birth-strangled, berth-stran^-gld, a. Sti’angled or suffocated in being bom. BiRTHwoRT,6eri/i'-w«r<,s. The plant Aristolochia. B 18 , ad. (Lai.) Twice; double; again; it is much used as a prefix. In music, it denotes that the passage is to be repeated. Bisa, I bi'-zh, 8. A coin of Pegu, of the value of half a Bi 2 A,j ducat; also, a weight. Biscayan , bis-ka'-an, s. A native of Biscay, in Spain. Biscotin , bW-ko~tin, s. A kind of cake or biscuit made of flour, sugar, marmalade, and eggs. Bisccit, bis^ Kit,%. A kind of bread, formed into cakes, and baked hard for seamen, a cake, variously made; •a kind of’ unglazed earthen-ware, or porcelain. Bisect, v.a. To cut or divide into twoequal parts. Bisection , bi-sek'-shun, s. Division into twoequal parts. Bisboment, meur s One of the parts of a line, divided into two equal pajds. BiSERiATE, bi-se^ re-ate,a.. Existing in two series. Bisbrrate, fti-ser'-raie, a. In ^ot., doubly seiTated. Bisbtose, 6t-se'-«ose,) a. Having two bristle-like ap- Bisetous, bi-se'-tus, j pendages. Bisexods, bi-sejf -us, a. Consisting of both sexes. Bisexual, bi-sex'-yu-oX, a. In hot., of both sexes; her¬ maphrodite : a term applied to flowers which contain both stamens and pistils in the same envelope. Bishop, bish'-up, s. An overseer; a spiritual superin¬ tendent, or ruler; a dignitary of the Christian church who presides over the clergy within a district called his diocese ; adrink,composed of wine, oranges^ and sugar; part of a lady’s dress; a song-biid of Amenca. — v.a. To confirm; to admit solemnly into the church. Among horipe-dealers, to use arts to make an old horse look like a young one, or to give a good appearance to a bad oue. BisuopuoM.6ts/»'-Mp-dum,8. The jurisdiction of a bishop. Bisboped. hish'-upt, pp. of the verb to bishop. Bishop-lire, htsh'-up-like, a. Resembling a bishop; be¬ longing to a bishop. HisHoPLi, bish’-up-le, In the manner of a bishop. — + a. Belonging to a bishop. BishopriCj bish'-up-rik, s. A diocese, or the district over wlucb tJhe jurisdiction of a bishop extends; the duties or ofiice of a bishop. Bisbopsweed, htsh'-upa-weed, 8. A plant, the /Si quintida,ol Bitter-GOURD, 5ir-it!r-pou/d, } iXuxumis co- locynthis, an annual plant of the East, or iu fruit, a drastic pui*gative. Bitterful, bxt'-ter-J^d, a. Full of bitieiness. Bittering, bit-ter-ing,^, A preparation used by brow ers to adulterate beer. Bitterish, bit-ter-iah, a. Somewhat bitter. Bitterishnbss, bit-ter-iah-nea, a. The qiiality of t'oJiXLt moderately bitter. BITTERLY [ 104 ] BLAOK-LEAD HrTTBBf-Y, \YIth a bitter taste , in a outer or severely reproachful mamier: poigruintly ; calami¬ tously ; k^uly; sharply ; severely; craelly; painfully. Bittbrn bit-terny b. A bird of the heron family. In talf^-warks, the brine remaining after the salt is con¬ creted. Among brewerSy see Bitterino. Bitterness, 6ii'-ier-nes,s. A bittermste ; extreme hatred; malicei. sharpness; severity; biting satire,or sarcasm; keen sorrow; vexation; calamity; deep distress of mind. Bitter-oak, The Quercuscerris ofhot anis f** Bitter prisciple, bii'-ter prift'-se-pl, s. in c*c7n.,aterm applied to certain results of the action of nitric acid organized matter, of an intensely bitter taste; also, a bitter compound, peculiar to various plants. Bitters, s.pl. A liquor in wliich bitter herbs or roots have been steeped; generally a spirituous liquor. Bitter-salt, bif'-ter-solt, s. Epsom salt. Bitter-SPAR, bit*-ter -spary s. In 7 ) 1111 ., see Dolomite. Bitter-sweet, 6i^'-^er-sa’t’e^,s. A species of nightshade, the Sotaiium dulcamara, a slender climbing plant, whose n)ot, wh?n chewed, produces first a bitter, then a sweet taste; also, a variety of the apple. Bitter-vbtc_h, hit'-ter-vetsh, s. A species of Ervum, or lentil, cultivated for fodder; a genus of papilionaceous plants, the Orobus of botanists. Bitter-wort, bit'-ter-wurt, s. A name common to all the British plants of the genus Gentian. Bitting, bif-ting, ppr. of the verbs to bit and bitt, IJtto™’ } s. The bittern. Bitts, hits, s.pl. A frame of two strong pieces of timber fixed perpendicularly in the fore part of a ship, on which to fasten the cables when she rides at anchor. JiirvjAEyi’ be-tewm's. Bitumen. Bitumed, be-tewina'y a. Smeared with bitumen. Bitumen, be-tew'-men, or bif-yu-men, s. Various in¬ flammable mineral substances, of a strong smell, and of different consistencies, are thus named. Bituminate, be-tew'-min-ate, v.a. To impregnate with bitumen. ESiTUMiNiFERous, be-tcw-min-if'-er-us. a. Producing bitumen. ® valves which open and shut, as the oyster, and Bitdminize, he-tew’-min-izey v.a. To fonn into, or im- pregnate with bitumen; to coat or cover with bitumen. Bituminization, be-tew-min-e^za'-shun, s. The trans¬ formation of organic matters into bitumen. 'Bi'tx:uiiiizET)ybe-t€w'-mi7i-izdy pp. of to bituminize. Bituminous, a. Containing bitumen; re¬ sembling^ or partaking of the qualities of bitumen. Bivalve, hi'-valVy s. A molluscous animal having two valves, or a shell consisting of two parts; also, a peri¬ carp, whose seed vessel opens into two valves. Bival-ve, 6i'-va/v, pa. Having two shells or Bivalvular. 6»-fa?i/-yu-lar, I - ’ * • - Bivalvous, oi-vaW-us, ) the seed vessels of ceitain plants. Bivaulted, a. Having two vaults or arches. Biventral, bi-ven'-tral, a. Having two bellies. Bivious, biy'-e-us, a. Having, or leading, two ways. Bivou AC,/7*V-oo ■«*, s. An encamping of soldiers for the night, without tents, in readiness for immediate action. — v.n. To be under arms all night in the open field, expecting an engagement; to encamp during the night, without tents, as troops. Bixwort, bixf -wurty s. An herbaceous plant. Bizantine, biz'-an-tine, s. and a. See Byzantine. Bizard, biz'-ai'dyS. A carnation with two stripes of two colours. Bizarre, be-zar*, a. Odd; fantastic; whimsical. Blab, blab, v.a. To tell what ought to be kept secret; to publish secrets or trifles in a thoughtless maimer or without discretion; $ to tell or utter, in a goodsense. — T.n. To tattle; to tell tales. — 8. A babbler; a tell-tale; one who betrays secrets Blabbed, blabd, pp. of the verb to blab. Blabber, blab'-her, s. A tattler; a telBtale. —t v.n. To whistle to a horse; to falter; to fib. Blabber-lipped, blab'-ber-lipt, a. Blobber-lipped. Blabbing, blab'-hing, ppr. of the verb to blab. Black , blak, a. Of the colour of night; destituteof light; dark ; darkened by clouds; sullen; having a cloudy Took or countenance; atrociously wicked, honible; immal; mournful; calamitous.— Black and white, a common ex¬ pression for any thing committed to writing. — 6. That which is destitute of light or wliiteness; the darkest of all colours; a negro; a black dress; mourn¬ ing ; a particle of soot or black dirt. v.a. u make black; to blacken; to loiJ Blackamoor, blak'-h-moor, a. A negro; a black man. BLACK-ART,61oA:'-ari,8. Conjuration;magic;necromancy Blackball, blak'-bawl. s. A ball of a black colour, uses as a n^alive In balloting. — v.a. To vote against or reject by putting black bah. into the ballot-box. Black EkRyblak'-bar,B. In Zaic, a plea obligingtheplain¬ tiff to assign the place of trespass. Black-beetle, Awell-known insectofth- genus Blatta, the cockroach. Blackberried-heath , blak'-ber-rid-heeth, s. A plant. Blackberry, blak'-hlr-re, s. The fniit of the bramble Blackberryino, blak'-ber-re-ing, s. The act of picking blackberries, or a seeking for blackberries. Blackbird, blak'-herd, s. A species of tl^sh, a well known and much-admired singing bird. In America, this name is given to the graekle, and other birds. Blackboard, blak'-board,a. A board painted black,used in schools, for writing or drawing lines on, and various other purposes of instruction. Black-boding, llak'-bode-i)ig, a. Betokening evil. Black-bonnet, blak’-bon-net,a. ABritish bird,the reed- bunting, a species of Emberiza. Black-book, blak'-bo'tjk, s. A book containing an ac¬ count of the Exchequer and its officers, said to have been composed in 1175; a book compiled by order of the visitors of monasteries, under Henry VIII., con¬ taining a detailed account of the enormities practised in religious houses, to blacken them, and to hasten thek dissolution; any book which treats of necromancy. Black-browed, blak'-browd,a.. Having black eyebrows, gloomy ; dismal; threatening. Black-bryony, blak'-bri-o-ne, s. A plant, the Tamus. Black-cap, blak'-kap, s. A bird, the mock-nightingale, an apple roasted till its skin is black. Black-cattle, blak'-kat-tl, s.pl. Cattle of the bovine genus, as bulls, oxen, and cows, of any colour. Black-chalk, biak'-tsnawk. s. A mineral of a bluish- black colour; a variety of argillaceous slate. Black-coat, hlakf-koat, a. A common and familiar name for a clergyman, as red-coat is for a soldier. Black-cock, The heath-cock,themaleof the black-game, or black-grouse. Black-currant, 6 ZflA:'-A;M 7 *-ra 7 ii,s. A well-known shrub, of the genus Bibes; the fruit of this plant. Black-day, blak'-da, s. A day of gloom and disaster. Black-death, blak'-dcth, s. The black plague. Black-draught, 6 Za/:'-dra/^, s. A popular name for an aperientmedicine, usually consisting of senna and salts. BLACKDR 0 P, 6 ^aA:'-d»-qp,s. An infusion of opium in vinegar Black-eagle, hlak'-e-gl. s. In Scotland, the I'alco/ulvua,. Black-earth, blak'-erth, s. Rich dark mould. BLACKED, 6 ZaAf, pp. of the verb to black. Blacken, hlak'-kn, v.a. To make black; to darken; to cloud; to soil; to sully reputations; to make infamous — v.n. To grow black, or dark. Blackened, blah'-knd, pp. of the verb to blacken. Blackener, blak’-kn-er, s. He who blackens. Blackby, blak'-e, s. A black person ; a negro. Black-fastin g, blak’-f 'dst-ing, s. A rigid abstinence from food. Blackfish, blak'-fishy s. A species of fish caught on the shoresof NorthAmerica ; also,a smallspecics of whale. Black-fly, blak'-fii, s. A species of the beetle tribe, in¬ jurious to turnips. Black-flux, hlaK-fiux, s. A mixture of carbonate ot potash and charcoal, used as a flux. Blackfriar, blak'-fri-er, s. A Dominican friar. Black-game, blak'-game, s. A species of grouse. Blackguard, bla^-gard, s. One who uses abusive, scur¬ rilous language; a mean, ill-conducted fellow; a scoundrel; also, a kind of snuff made in Ireland usually called Irish blackguard. — v.a. To revile in scurrilous language. — a. Scurrilous; abusive ; low ; disreputable; villanous. Blackguardism, blag'-gai'd-izm, s. The conduct or lan¬ guage of a blackguard. Blackguardly,- Way'-yard-itf, ad. In the manner of a blackguard; villanously. Black-gum, 6 ta/v'-yMwt,s. The name of an American tree. Black-hearted, blak'-hart-ed, a. Having a bad heart; malignant; depraved; wicked; fiendish. Blacking, blak'-xng, s. A substance used for blacking shoes; any factitious matter for making things black Blackish, blak'-ish, a. Somew'hat black. Black-jack, blak'-Jak, s. A name given by miners to blende; a leatliern cup of old times. Blaok-leap, blak'-led, s. A iiiincralof a dark steel-gray BLAOKLEa • [ 105 ] BLANK colour, aoarbiiretoi iron, much used for pencils: it is also called graphiie and pUivibngo. Blackleg, blak'-leg, s. A notorious gambler; a cheat; a •windier; one who gets his living by gambling; a dis¬ ease among calves and sheep, in which the legs, and sometimes the neck, become affected by a morbid de¬ posit of gelatinous matter. Black-letter, hlak'-let'-ter, s. The old English, or modern Gothic letter or character. — a. Written or printed in the black-letter characters. Blackly, ad. Darkly; atrociously. Black-mail, blak'-mayL s. A levy formerly made by the border chiefs, on the inhabitants of adjoining dis¬ tricts, for the protection of their cattle and goods against depredations by marauders; a certain, tax which was paid to the chief of a band of robbers to secui'e freedom from molestation; also, black-rent, or rents paid in corn or kind. Black-martin, W/T7;'-tnfrr-f»;<, s. A bird, the swift. Black-match, ulak’-maUh, s. A pyrotechnical mutch or sponge. Black-mondat, hlak'-mnti-dey s. Tliis name was ori¬ ginally given to Easter Monday, in 34 Edward III., which was remarkably dark, and so cold that men died on horseback; hence,any very inauspicious day on which some great c^aniity or advereity has befallen; and, more particularly, among schoolboys, the hlondayon which theirschool re-opens after a vacation. Black-monks, blak'-mtmks, s.pl. A name given to the Benedictines. Blackmoor^ blak'-moor, s. A negro : see Blackamoor. Black-mouthed, WaA'-motethrf, a. Using foul language. Blackness, blak'-nes, s. The quality of being black; black colour; darkness; atrociousness; hoiribleiiess. Black-peopled, blak'-pe-pldy a. Having people of a blaok colour. Black-pudding, blak’-pud-ding^ s. A kind of sausage made of blood, fat, and other ingredients. Black-rent, blak'-renty s. Rent paid in corn or kind. Black-rod, blak'-rod, s. The usher belonging to the order of the garter: so called from the black rod which he carries. lie ii of the king’s cliamber, and usher of Parliament. Black-sheep, blak'-sheep, s. A term figuratively ap¬ plied to a person of bad character. In Oriental his¬ tory y the ensign or standard of a race of Turkmans. Black-silver, blak'-sil-very 5 . A mineral consisting of silver, antimony, and sulphur. Blacksmith, blak^-smithy s. A smith who works in iron. Black-snake, blak'-snake, s. A harmless serpent of a black colour, found in America. In AiisiraZia, adeadly venomous snake, of a dark colour, spotted red. Black-spaul, blak'-spaivly s. A disease of cattle, see Blackleg. Blackstrap, blnk’-strapy s. A kind of coarse liquor. Blacktail, blak'-tayl, s. A fish, a kind of perch. Blackthorn, blak'-ihorn, s. The sloe-tree. Black-tin, Wrt*'-ftn,s. Tin ore, when dressed,stamped, and washed, rcad v for melting. BLACK-Twrrra, blak'-twiish, s. A noxious weed, which grows in wet ground. Black-vomit, 6ZaA:'-rom-i^,s. A copious vomiting of dark- coloured matter, resembling coffee-grounds, and which is one of the most fatal attendants of the yello^v fever. Black-wadd, blak'-wod, s. An ore of manganese. Black-w/ash, blak'-woshy s. A lotion composed of calo¬ mel and lime-water. Black-WORK, ftZ«A'-w'wrA:,s. Iron-wi’ought by blacksmiths. Blad-apple, blad’-ap-pl y s. In hot.y a species of Cactus. Bla-dder, blad'-dery s. A thin membranous sac or bag in animals, which serves as the receptacle of some se¬ creted fluid; byhvay of eminenccyil denotes the urinary vessel, either wdthin the animal, or when detached from the body; any vesicle, blister, or pustule. In botany, a distenaed, membranaceous pericarp. Bladder-angling, bind’-der-ang’-gling, s. A mode of fishing by means of a baited hook attached to an in¬ flated bladder. Bladdered, blnd’-derdy a. Swelled like a bladder; put up in bladders, as, bladdered lard. Bladder-kelp, blad'-der-kelp, s. A marine plant. Bladder-nut, , s. In hot. , the popular name of a tree and its fruit, of the genus Stap^fea; also, a species of Iloyena, and a species of Ilex. Bladder-senna, blad'-der-se.n'-nd, s. A popular name of plants of thf' genus Col utoa ; also called r, hind’-nio'-a-oii, s. A name common to Uie plants of the gc'iins Ctriculavia. I Bladder-wrack, 8. A sea-weed, the FttC?* a ( vestculostis: also called the Sea-oak and Sea-wraek. Bladdery, blad'-der-s, a. Resembling a bladder; con taining bladders. Blade, blade, s. TTie leaf or flat part of the leaf of gra ■ mineous plants; the spli*e of grass; the eluting part oJ a knife, sword, &c.; the broad, fiat part of an oar. In pop. lang.y a reckless, daring man ; a gay dashing fel¬ low; a rake. — v.a. To tit or furnish with a blade. Bladeronb, blade'-bone y s. The scapula, or upper bone in the shoulder, of a flat and triangular form. Beaded, blade’-ed, a. Having a blade or bla^ies, or spires In min., composed of long and narrow plates. Bladesmith, blnde'-smithy s. A sword cutler. Blae, bla, s. A thin plate; a scale; a lamina. BLAiN,6/«t/?*,s. Apustule; a blotch; a blister; a disease in cattle, characterized by an inflammation of the tongue. Blake, 6/aAe, a. Yellow: alocal term. Blamable, hlame^-ft-bly a. Censurable ; culpable; faulty. Blamableness, blame'-d-bl-noe, s. C^pableness; fault. Blamably, dZawie'-d-We, ad. Culpably; censurably. Blame, feZawe, v.a. To censure; to find fault with; to condemn; t to bring blame or reproach upon.— To he to blame, to be blamable. — 8. Imputation of a fault; disapprobation ; censure , ■reproach; fault; sin; crime; Jhurt; injuiy. Blamed, blaymd,py). of the verb to blame. Blameful, blame-fid, a. Faulty; culpable; censurable. Blamefully, blame'-jul-le, ad. In a culpable manner. BLAMErcLNESs,6Zmne'-/!tZ-?tt-s,s. State of oeing blameful Blameless, blame’-les, a. Innocent; not meVitiiig ecu sure; faultless; irreproachable. Blamelessly, 6Zaw«'-Zeis-Z6,ad. Innocently; without fault Blamelessness. blame’-les-nes y s. Innocence. Blamer, blame’-er, s. One who finds fault ; a censurer. Blame^vortuiness, blame'-wur-the-nesy s. The quality of deserving censui’e. Blameworthy, Wrtme'-tewr-the,a. Censurable; culpable. Blancard, blank'-ardy s. A kind of linen cloth, manu- factui-cd in Normandy. Blanch, fcZanZsA,v.a. To whiten; tobleach;to obliterate; to peel, as almonds, &c.; % to slur, pass over, or leave blank. In gardening, to whiten the stalks or leaves of plants, by making them grow in the dark. — v.n. To grow or become white. 4 .To evade; to shift, to speiik softly; to be reserved; to remain 6Zanifc, or empty, to shrink; to start back; to give way. Blanched, olantshty pp. of the verb to blanch. BLANCUER,Z;ZfrnZs/i'-er,3. One who blanches or whitens , one who anneals and cleanses money. Blancu-ferm, blantsh'-ferm, i s. In ancient law, a white - Blank-farm, ) farm; a farm of wliicli the rent was paid in silver, and not in cattle. Blanch-holding, blantsh'-hoald-ing, s. In law, a tenure by which the tenant is bound to pay only an elusory yearly duty to his superior. Blanchimeter, hlantsh-im'-e-ter, s. An instrument for measuring the bleaching powerof certain chemical in gradients. Blanching, blantsh'-ing,^. The art or act of making any thing white.—In coinage, the operation of giving brightness to pieces of silver. — a. Whitening; that has the quality of making white. Blanc-mange, s. (Fr.) A confection or kind of jelly, made of dissolved isinglass, milk, sugar, cinnamon, &c., boiled to a thick consistence. Bland, a. Courteous; soft; mild; gentle. BLANDATioN,j bland-a'-shuu, s. Gross flattery. Blandiloquence, WrtncZ-tZ'-o-Zbji?ens, s. Fair, liiUd, flat¬ tering speech ; courteous language. Blandiment, s. Blandishment. Blandish, v.a. To soften; to caress; to flatter BLANDiSHER,Mrtnd'-tsA-cr,s. One who flatters and soothes. Blandishing, is. Soft words; kind Blandishment, j treatment; caresses; flattery ; that which soothes or pleases. Blandness, bland'-nes, s. State of being bland. Blank, blank, a. Void; empty; wliite; not written upon; without marks or stain ; pale; confused; dis¬ pirited ; dejected; without rhyme, as, blank >'61*50; not containing balls or bullets,as, a WanA: cartridge; +pure, entire, complete. Fit;., unsuccessful; unprofitable. — 8. Any void space; a void space on paper, or in any written instrument; a paper unwritten ; a ticket in a lottery which draws no prize; a disappointment; a white pohii in the centre of a target to whicii i-a: ai-i’Dw «r shot is directed; t Rim. shot; object to v,’hi<.;) any BLANK [ 106 ] BLEND thln^ 18 directed ; a smaJl copper coiu, formerly cur¬ rent m France.— l*oint~hlank, see under Point. BLANK,t v.a. To make void; to annul; to efface; to deprive of colour; to dispirit; to confuse. Blank-cartridge, Wa7iA:'-A:ar-^ri((/,s. A cartridge with¬ out a ball or bullet. Blanked, blankt, pp. of the verb to blank. Blanket, blank'-et^ s. A soft loosely woven woollen cloth, used for various purposes; more particularly cover for a bed made of this material. — v.a. To toss in a blanket by way of punishment; to cover with a blanket. Blanketing, blank'-et-mg, s. Cloth or materials for blankets; the punishmentor act of tossing in a blanket. Blanklt . blank^-le, ad. In a blank manner; with pale¬ ness or confusion. Blankness, blmik'-nes, s. State of being blank. Blank-verse, blank'-vers^ s. Metrical language; any kind of verse in which there is not rhyme, particularly the heroic verse of five feet without rhyme. Blare, t blayr, v.n. To roar; to bellow. — 8. t Hoar, noise; a small copper coin of Bern. BLARNE^. 8. Persuasive prattle; smooth, de¬ ceitful talk; flattery. {An Irish wordy of inelegant use.) Blaspheme, blas-feem' .a,. To curse; to speak in terms of impious iiTeverence of God, or of things sacred; t to speak evil of, to utter abuse or calumny against. ■ —v.n. To utter blasphemy ; to arrogate the attributes or prerogatives of God. Blasphemed, blas-feeind', pp. of the verb to blaspheme. Blasphemer, blas-feem'~er, s. One who blasphemes; one who speaks of God in impious and irreverent terms. Blaspheming, bhis feem'-ingy s. The act of blasphemy. BlasphemooSj bias'-fe^musy a. Impiously irreverent to God ; containing blasphemy ; tcalumnious. BLAspHEMOiiSLT, ad. Impiously; with impious irreverence to God. .Blasphem t . blos '- fe-mcy s. An indignity offered to God, or to divine things, in words or writing; that which derogates from the prerogatives of God. Blast, bidst^s. A gust or puffofwind ; the sound made bv blowing any wind instrument; a forcible stream of airf/Dm the mouth, from a bellows,or the like ; a vio¬ lent expli»sion of gunpowder, in splitting rocks; the explosion of inflammable air in a mme; a sudden com¬ pression of air, attended with a shock, caused by the discharge of cannon; the whole blowing of a forge necessary to melt one supply of ore; any pernicious or destructive influence upon animals or plants; a blight; a flatulent disea.se in sheep. •=- v.a. To strike with some sudden violence, plague, or calamity. to make to wither by some pemicious in¬ fluence; to blight, to frustrate ; to destroy ; to ruin ; to confound or strike with terror; to split, as rocks, &c., by an explosion of gunpowder. Blastem A, Wns-te'-wd, s. In hot ., the axis of growth of an embryo. In anot.y the homogeneous, gelatinous, and granular basis of the ovum. Blaster, o/a.st'-er, a. He or that which blasts or deotroys. Bla.st-fi'pn ace, blast'-fur~nasey s. A funiaoe for smelt¬ ing ores, in which the supply of air is funiished by ▼cry powerful bellows or other pneumatic apparatus. Blasting, bldstf-ing, s. A blast; a blight; destruction by a perniiiious cause ; the act or practice of splitting an/ft?e88, blern'-ish-les, a. Without blemish or spot. BLEMisHMENT,t ble7n'-ish-77ient, s. Disgrace. Blench, blentsh, v.n. To shrink; to start back; to give ■way. — v.a. To obstruct; to render ineffectual. —^ s.* A start or shrinking back. Blenched, hle7itsht, pp. of the verb to blench. BLENCHER.t blentsh'-er, s. He or that which frightens, or causes to start back; he or that which frustrates. Blfnch-holding, 8. See Blanch-holding. Blenching, blentsh'-hig, s. A shrinking ; a giving way Blend, blend, v.a. To mix ; to mingle together; to con found; % to pollute, spoil, or con’upt; $to blind. — v.n. To be mixed; to be united. BLENDE [ 107 ] BLOMAEr «. An ore, th^atiye sulphuret of zinc. BCeNDKa, Uend^-er^ 8. One mingles or conftiunds. BiiENDOus, blp-nd'-us, a. Pertaining to blende. Blennorbh(ea, blen-nor-ref-A, 8. An inordinate dis¬ charge of mucus; gonorrhoea. Blennt, blert'-ne, s. The name of different species of small fishes, of the genus Klennius. Blent, blent. The ob8.>lete participle of blend. Blend-WATER, bleml'-wnw-ter, s. A distemper incident to cattle, in which the liver is affected. Bless, 6/tiS, V.a., prel. and p'p. blessed^ or blest. To In¬ voke a blessing upon , to wish happiness to ; to make happy; to make successful; to prosper, to set apart or consecrate to holy purposes; to make and pronounce holy; to consecrate by prayer, to praise ; to glorify; to esteem blessed, or count happy; t to brandfeh. Blessed, blest, pp. of the verb to bless. Blessed, bles'-ed, a. Happy; prosperous in worldly affairs; holy; enjoying or pertaining to heavenly felicity; having received benediction. Bdessedl-y , ad. Happily; fortunately. Blessedness, ble^-ed-nes, s. Happiness ; heavemy bliss; divine favour; sanctity. Blessed-thistle, hies'-ed-this^-sl, 8. A medicinal plant of the genus Centaurea. Blesser, bles'-er, s. He who blesses or prospers. Blessing, bles'-i7iij, s. Benediction ; a wish of happiness; a prayer imploring happiness or success upon any person or thing; any means or cause of happiness; a gift, benefit, or advantage; divine favour. Blest, pp. of the verb to ble.‘is. — a. Happy; enjoying felicity; making happy; cheering. Blet, blet, s. A spot produced on stale fruit in a state of decomposition. Bletonism, ble'-tun-iz7n, s. The faculty of perceiving and indicating subterraneous spiings and currents by sensation ; so called from one ifZeffm,aFreuchman, who was said to possess this faculty. Bletonist, blp-iun-ist, s One who is said to possess the faculty of bletonism. Bletted, blet’-ted, a. Having blets, as stale fruit in a state of decomposition. Blew, btewy pret. of the verb to bloto. BLEYME,6h'ew, 8. An intiainmation in a horse’s foot. Blicsa, bli-se'-df s. A small fish resembling a sprat. Blight, blite, s. A disease incident to plants; mildew ; any thing nipping or blasting. —v.a. Toaffect with blight; to frustrate ; tobla8t;toruiu. Blighted,W tfe'-cci, pp. or a. Blasted; ruined. Blighting, blite'-i?ig, s. Act of blighting. Bi.iohtingly, blite'-ing-le, ad. In a blighting maimer. BliNjJ Win, v.a. To stop, or cease. Blind, blind, a. Destitute of the sense of seeing; des¬ titute of intellectual light; unable to imderstand or judge; toorant; unseen ; out of public view ; private; dark; obscure; not easy to be found ; heedless; in¬ considerate ; having but one opening, or no outlet. - v.a. To deprive of sight; to darken ; to darken the understanding; to make obscure ; to eclipse; to deceive. — 8. Something to hinder the sight, or to intercept the light; a screen; a cover; something to mislead the eye or the understanding; a false pretence. Blindfold, bluid'-foala, a. Having the eyes covered; having the mental eye darkened. — v.a. To cover the eyes; to hinder from seeing. Blindly, ad. Without sight or understanding; implicitly ; without judgment or direction. Blindman’s-ball, blind'-rnanz-batol, s. A species of fungus, lycoperdon, or puff-ball. Bundman’s-bdff, blind'-manz-bu/, s. A play in which one of the company, being blindfolded, tries to catch the others. Blindness^ blind'-nes, s. Want of sight; want of intel¬ lectual discernment; ignorance. Blindnettle, blitid'-net-tly s. A species of Galeopsis. Blinds, 6/lnrfa, s.pl. In the military art, defence made of osiers or branches interwoven, used at the heads of ti’enches, to shelter and conceal the workmen. Blindside, blind'-side ,The side which is most easily as¬ sailed ; weakness; foible; weak part of one’s character. Blind-worm, blind'-wurm, s. A small harmless reptile, more commonly called the slow-worm. Blink, hluik, v.n. To wink ; to twinkle with the eye ; to see obscurely, or with the eyes half shut. — v.a. Toshutoutof sight; toavoid,or purposely evade. — s. A glimpse ; a glance .—Blink of ice, & dazzling white¬ ness about the.-horizon, occasioned by the reflection of Ught from fields of ke at sea I^lznsard, bttnf^-ard, s. A person who lUinks, or ha 3 bad eyes; that wiiich twinklea, or glances. Blink-beer, blink'~he«r, s. Beer kept unbroached till it is sharp. Blinked, blinkt, pp. of the verb to blink. Blinkers, blinkf-erz, s.pl. Broad pieces of leather at¬ tached to a horse’s bridle, to prevent him from seeing on either side. Bliss, The highest degree of happiness ; heavenly joys, beatitude; blessedness, felicity. Blissful, hlis'-ful, a. Full of joy and felicity Hi.isspvLL'i,blis'~/nl‘le,a.d. In abiissfulmanner; happily. Blissfulness, bits'-/iil-7ies,s. Happiness; fuhnossofjoy. Blissless, blis'-les, a. Destitute of bliss. Blissom,^: blis'-som, v.n. To be lustful; to caterwaul. Blister, blis'-ter, s. A pustule ; a thin bladder on the skin,containing watery matter or serum , any tumour made by the separation of the film or skin, as on plants, or by the swelling of the substance at the sunace, as on steel; a vesicatory , a plaster to raise a vesicle. — v.n. To rise in blisters. — v.a. To raise a blister,by any hurt, or violent action upon the skin; to apply a blistering plaster; to raise tumoui’s on iron bars, m converting them into steel. Blistered, bits'-terd, pp. of the verb to blister. Blister-fly, bli^-ter-fii,^. The C. of the verb to block. Blockhead, blok'-hed, s. A stupid dull person; a dolt. Blockusadeo, blok'-hedged, Si. Stupid; dull. Blockheadism ,blok'-hed-izm,s.Tha qualityof a blockhead. Blockheadly, blok'-hed-le, ad. Like a blockhead. Block-house, blok'-hows, s. A small fort, so called be¬ cause constructed chiefly of timber. Blocking, blok'-i7ig, In ca7'pe7itry, a rough piece of wood glued on the joints on the under side of stairs.— Blockmg-course, in arch., a. course of stones or bricks erected on the upper part of a cornice to make a termination. Blockish, blok'-ish, a. Stupid; dull. Blockishly, blok'-fish-le, ad. In a stupid manner. Blockishness, fc/oft'-is/i-Mes, s. Stupidity ; dulness. Block likk, blok -like, a. Like a block ; ^tupid. BLocK-MAcniNE,6^c»&'-wd:-s74efiM,8. A machine for making blocks or pulleys. Block-printing, blok'-p7-i7it-i7ig A mode of printing from engraved wooden blocks. Br,ocK-Ti.N, blok'-ti7i, s. Pure unwrought tin. Bt.omart, bloom'-d-re,%. The first forge through whicL BLONDE [ 103 ] Blow ■rot) ttaBsee, after it Ir melted ftttm the ore , a uiims ot iron that has undergone tlie first haaimering. Blowdr. 6io?i4,8. A person ofTeryfaircomple^on, with light hair and light blue eyes. BlomO'Lagb, bloncr-lase, s. Lacc made of sUk. Blonkbt^ Olonk'-et, a. Gray. B 2 X)od, bhid, s. The fluid wliich circulates through tlie aeries and veins of animals; consanguinity ; progeny; kindred; a ftiniily or race ; royal lineage; honourable hirth ; high extraction; life ; slaughter: murder; guilt; punishinent;camal part opposed to spiritual; temper; state of the passions; a man of a fiery spirit; a rake, or ^ssipated character; the juice of any thing, especially if red.—In law, kinsmen of the whole blood are those w'ho are bom of the same ancestors on both sides. Kinsmen of the half blood, are those who have the same ancestors only on one side. — v.a. To bleed by opening a vein; to stain with blood j to inure to blood, as a hound; to exasperate. Blood-BE apoTTBD,61urf'-6e-s/3oi-t(?ri,a. Spotted with blood. Blood-boltered,:}: blud'-hoal-terd, a. Blood-soiled. Blood-bouoht, blud'-baivt, a. Got by shedding blood. Blood-brother, Wu{?'-6r«th-fir, s. A brother by birth from the same parents. Blood-consumino, a. ‘W’’asting the blood. Blood-flower, 6h-osc-n, a. Having the bl^d chilled. ilLooD-GC'iLTiNEss, biud'-gUt^e-nes, s. Tlie guiJtorcrime of shedding blood unlawfully; murder. jBlood-ouiltv, blud'^gilt-e, a. Guilty of murder. Blood-heat, s. A degree of heat equal to that of human blood, which is about 98° of Fahi’. Blood-horse, blud'-hors, s. A horse of the purest and most higluv-prized origin or stock; a racehorse. Hlood-hot, bhid'-hor., a. Of the same temperature as the blood: see Blood-heat. Blood-HOUND, bhid'-how?id, s. A variety of the dog, re¬ markable for the acuteness o‘’ its scent, its sagacity, and its fierceness; and thus called from its having been for- 'morly much employed in tracking individuals pursued for crime or otherwise. Bloodily, blud’-e-le, ad. In a bloody manner; cruelly ; with a disposition to shed blood. BLooDiNEss,W«d'- e-;ics,s. The disposition to shed blood; the state of being bloody. Bloodless, bkid'-les, a. Destitute of blood; without slaughter; dead: without spirit or activity. JBloodlesslt, hlud-les-le, ad. Withotit bloodshed. Bloodlet, blud'-let. v.n. To bleed; to let blood. Bloodletter, bh(d‘-let-ter, s. One who lets blood, as in diseases ; a phlebotomist. Bloodletting, s. The act of letting blood, or bleeding by opening a vein; phlebotomy. Blood-pudding, A pudding made with blood, fat, and other materials; a black-pudding. Blood-red, bind'-red, s. Red as blood. Blood-relation, blud'-re-la-shtm, s. One related bv blood or descent. Blood-root, 6/«d'-roo^,s. Asmall herbaceous plant, thus named from the colour of its root. Blood-shaken ,i hlud'-shnke-n, a. Having the blood in commotion. Bloodshed, blnd'-shed, s. The shedding or spilling of blood; slaughter; waste of life. Bloodshedder, bhtd'-shed-der, s. One W'ho sheds blood. Bloodshedding^ bhid'-shed-ding, s. The shedding of blood ; the crime of shedding blood. Bloodshot, hind'-shot, » a. Red and inflamed, as Bloodshotten, 6/wrf'-s7lo^-fn, I the eye, by a turgid state of the blood-vessels; filled with blood. Blood- sHOTTENNEss, hind'-shot-tn-nes, s. State of being bloodshotten. Blood-snake, hlud'-snake, s. A species of snake, the Ha?morrhus. Blood-spavin, blnd'-spav-in, s. A dilatation of the vein that runs along the inside of the hock of a horse. Blood-stained, blud'-stagnd, a. Stained with blood; guilty of murder. Bloodstone, blud'-stone, s. A green silicious stone, or variety or the heliotrope, spotted w'ith jasper, as if with blood; it is classed among the gems. Aniong the ancients, an amulet to prevent bleeding at the nose. Bloodsucker, blad'-s^ik-er, s. Any animal that sucks blood, a leech , a Cruel man ; a mui'derer; a usurer. Bloodsucking, hhid'-suk-ing, a. That sucks blood. Blood-swblled, blud'-aweld, a. Swelled with blood. BLOOP-8W9LN, bind' swoaln, a. Suffused with blood Bloodthirstinh^, s. Tnirs: tor shoA- ding blood; virdictiveness. Bloodthirsty, biud'-iheist-e, a. Dcsiroufl to shed blood ; vindictive; murderous. Bloodvessel, bind'-vessel, s. Any vessel in which blood circulates In an animal body; an artery; a vein. BLOoD-wARM,6/w(i'-t4>aM;rw,a.'\Vannasblood;lukewarm. Blood-wite, blud'-wite, s. In ancient laxv, a fine paid at a composition for the shedding of blood. Blood-won, bind'-wun, a. Won by shedding blood. Bloodwood, blud'-wdba, s. A name given to log-w'ood. BL00DW0RT,6ZMon, to drive or impel by a cuiTent of air^ to warm witii the breath; to put out of bi eath; to inflate; to puff into size; to swell out; to form or shape by the bi*eath; to sound a wind instrument; to spread oy report; to taint by depositing eggs upon, as flies; to melt tin, after being freed from the mundic.— To bloiv out, to extinguish by a current of air.— To hloiv up, to puff up; to kindle ; to burst,to raise into the air, or to scat* ter, by the explosion of gunpowder; figuratively, to scatter or biing to naught suddenly; in pop. lang., to scold; to chide.—To blow upon, to make stale or com¬ mon, as a passage in a writer; to speak ill of; to re¬ gard as worthless; in vulgar language, to divulge or betray, as a secret or plot. s. The act of striking; a stroke; the fatal stroke; a stroke that kills; death; an act of hostUity ; a sudden calamity; a sudden event; an attempt; a flower; a hlossom; a gale of wind; an ovum or egg deposited by a fly, move commonly tenned ajly-blow. B-Lo\vBKhL,blo'-bawl,a. The downy head of the dandelion. Blower, hlo'-er, s. One who blows ; a melter of tin ; a plate of iron used to increase the draught of a chimney. Blow-fly, blo'-Jii, s. A fly which is troublesome m summer, from depositing its eggs in meat. Blowing, blo'-ing, s. The motion of wind; the act of blowing. Blow-milk, blo'-milk, s. Milk from which the cream has been blown off. Blown, hlone, pp. of the verb to blow. Blow-pipe, bio-pipe, s. An instrument by which a blast or cniTent of air is driven through the flame of a lamp or candle, and that flame directed upon a mineral sub¬ stance, to fuse or vitrify it. Blowpoint, blo'-poynt, s. A kind of play among children. Blowse, blowz, s. See Blouse. Bi,owTH,6^ofl?/i,s. Bloom, or blossom; state of blossoming. Blowy, mo'-c, a. AVindv ; blowing. Blowze, blowz, s. A ruddy, fat-faced woman ; a slat¬ tern ; a kind of cap ; a kind of light outer garment. Blowzed, bloivzd, a. Sun-burnt; ruddy and coarse. Blowzy, blowz’-e, a. lluddy-faced; sun-burnt; tawdry. HLUBjt blub, v.a. To swell. — s. A little vesicle. Blubher, blub’-her, s. A blobber or bubble; the fat of whales and other large sea animals; the sea-nettle. — v.n. To weep in such a manner as to svrell the cheeks ; to cry noisily, — v.a. To swell the cheeks with weeping. Blubbered, bluh’-berd, pp. of the verb to blubber. Bludgeon, bludf-un, s. A short stick, with one end loaded, or thicker and heavier than the other, used as an offensive weapon. Br,UE, hlu, 8. One of the seven primary colours, and of w'hioh there are various shades.— The (a contrac¬ tion f^or d&vils), lowneaa of spirits; melancholy.— To look bhte, to look dejected or apprehensive; to be confounded or dismayed.^To look blue at, to appear angry or displeased. — a. Of a blue colour; sky-coloured. — v.a. To make blue; to dye or stain of a blue colour. Blue-bell, blu'-bel,a. The popular name of a w'ell-known British herb, a species of Campanula, thus called firom the colour and shape of its flowers. •LUKBERRY,6Zu'’-ftcr-r€, s. A plant, or its fruit, of several varieties. Blue-bird, blu'-berd, s. A small bird, the Motacilla sialu, very common in the United States. It is a cheerful songster, and is the harbinger of spring to the Americans. Bluebonnet,6 h*'-6on-nef,s. An annual plant and flower, the Centaurea cyanus; a small Britisli bird. Blue-book, hlu'-ho'bk,a. A book containing some official account, statement, or report, published by authority of parliament, and thus named from the usual colour of its cover. Blue-bottle, blu’-bot-tl, s. A pretty wild flower, see Blue-bonnet ; a fly with a large blue belly. Blue-breast, The English name of a pretty song-bird, the Motacilla suecica, resembling the red¬ start and wagtail: it is also called the Blue-throated warbler. Blue-Cap,W u'-Affp, s. Afish of the salmon kind; a small bird, the blue titmouse, or tomtit. Blue-devjls, blu’-dev-lz, s.pl, Acant term for great de¬ jection, or lowne.ss of spirits; hypochondria. Blue-cat, blu’-kat. s. A species of Siberian cat. Blue-eyed, hhi'-ide, a. Having blue eyes. Blue-pish, blu’-hsh, s. A fish, a spwiies of Coryphtena; also, a fish allied to the mackerel. Blueing, fc/w'-tny, s. The giving a bluish tint to clotnea by laundresses; the process of heating iron and other metals in the fire, until they assume a blue colour. Blue-john, blu’-jon, s. Among miners, fluor-spar. Blue-light, s. A composition burning with a blue flame, used as a night signal. Bluely, blu-le, ad. With a blue colour. Blueness, blu'-nes, s. The quality of being blue. Blue-peter, blu'-pe-ter, s. A blue flag with a white square in the centre, used as a signal for sailing. Blue-ointment, blu’-oynt-ment, s. Mercurial ointment Blue-pill, blu'-pil, s. Mercurial pill. Blue-ruin, Acant name fqrgin,whiskey,&c. Blue-stocking, blu’-stok-ing, s. A literary or learned woman, usually with the imputation of pedantry. BLUB-STocKiNGisM,6hf-5io/:-m<7-tam,s. Female pedantry Blue-stone, hlu'-sto7ie, s. Sulphate of copper. Blue-throat, blu'-throat, s. A bird found in northern countries marked with a sky-blue crescent on its throat. Blue-veined, blu'-vaijnd, a. Having blue veins or streaks. Blue vitriol, blu-vir-re-ol, s. Sulphate of copper. Bluey, blu'-e, a. Somewhat blue; bluish. Blufp, a. Big; swelled; surly; blustering. — s. A high bant, almost perpendicular, projecting into the sea; any high bank, presenting a steep front. Bluff-bowed, a. Having broad and flatbows. Bluff-headed, a. Having an upright stem. Bluffness, bluf-nes, s. Bloatcdness ; surliness. Bluffy, bluf-e, a. Having bluffs or bold points of coast Bluish, blu-isn, a. Blue in a small degree. Bluishly, blu'-ish-le, ad. In a bluish manner. Bluishness, blu'-ish-7ies,s. Asmall degree of blue colour. Blunder, blun'-der, v.n. To mistake grossly;^ to err widely or stupidly; to move, speak, or write with sud - den and blind precipitance ; to flounder; to plunge at an object; to stumble. — v.a. To mix confusedly; to confound ; to cause to err. — s. A gross mistake or oversight; a palpable error. Blunderbuss, b/Mw'-der-fcwSjS. A short gun with a large bore, capable of discharging several bullets at a time, a stupid, blundering fellow. Blundered, blun'-derd, pp. of the verb to blunder. Blunderer, blun'-der-er, s. One who is apt to blunder, or to make gross mistakes; a careless person. Blunderhead, blun’-der-hed, s. A stupid fellow; a dolt. Blundering, blun'-der-ing, ppr. of the verb to blunder. — a. Apt to move with blind precipitance and commit gross mistakes ; ridiculously erring; apt to stumble. Blunderingly, blun'-der-ing-le, ad. In a blundering manner. ' Blunt, blunt, a. Having a thick edge or point; not shai’p; obtuse ; dull in understanding ; abrupt in ad¬ dress ; rough; uncivil; rude ; plain ; unceremonious. — v.a. To dull the edge or point; to repress or weaken any appetite, desire, or power of the mind. — s. A cant term for money; cash. Blunting, feZw/if-tny, s. Act of dulling; restraint. Bluntish, blunf-ish, a. Somewhat blunt. Bluntly, blunt’-le, ad. In a blunt manner; coarsely plainly ; abruptly ; rudely; without delicacy. Bluntness, bhmt’-nes,a. Wantofedge or point; wantof sharpness; duhiess ; obtuseness ; coarseness of address rougliness of manners; rude sincerity or plainness. Blunt-witted, blunf-wit-ted, a. Dull; stupid. Blur, War, s. A spot; a blot; a stain; a blemish. — v.a. To blot; to soil; to obscure; to sully. Blurred, blurd, pp. of the verb to blur. Blurt, blurt, v.a. To throw at random, hastily, or un¬ advisedly ; to utter suddenly or inadvertently. Bu sh, blush, v.n. To be suddenly suffused with a red colour in the cheeks or face, from shame, confusion, modesty, diffidence, or surprise; to feel ashamed; to bear a blooming rea colour, or any soft, bright colour. —i v.a. To make red. — s. Redness in the cheeks raised by shame, contusion, modesty, diffidence, or surprise; a red or reddish colon r; sudden appearance or glance, as,*‘ at the first blush." Blushed, blusht, pp. of the verb to blush. Blushbt,$ foZwsA-e?, 8. A young, modest girl. Blushful, a. I^iU of blushes; apt to blush. Blushfully, blush'-pil-le, ad. In a blushful manner. Blushing, blush'-ing. s. The act of turning red; the apnearance of colour on the cheek. ~ a. 'Red; reddish; modest; diffident; fresh; newly-won Blushinoly, blush’-ijig-le, ad. In a blushing manner. Blushless, blush’-les, a. Without a blush ; unblushing past blushing; impudent. Blusht, hlnsh-e, a. Having the colour of a bluch. BLUSTER [ 110 ] BODILY Blcsteb, blua’-ter, v.n. To make a loud noise ; to bully; to swagger; to boast; to roar, and be tumultuous, as wind ; to be boisterous; to puff; to hurry. — v.a. To blow down. ■S' Noise; tumult; confxision; boasting; swaggering ; hurry ;roar of a tempest; violent wind; boisterousness. Bldstered, btus’-tmd, pp. of the verb to bluster. Blusterer, blits^-ter-er, s. A swaggerer; a bully; a noisy, tumultuous feUow ; a loud boaster. Blustering, bins'.ter~ittg, s. Noisv pretension ; swag¬ gering, noise ; tumult; hun-y and confusion. •— a. Noisy , tumultuous ; windy ; boastful; bullvlng. Blusterinqly, btus'-ter-mg-le, ad. In a blustering manner. " Blusterous, 1 fblus'-trus,&. Noisy;tumultuous;boast- Blustrous, } fill. Bo. bo, exel. A word used to frighten children. Boa, s. A genus of large serpents, which have the belly and tail furnished with scuta, and are remark¬ able tor crushing their prey within their coils; a long and round fur tippet, so called from its resemblance to a large serpent. Boa Constrictub, bo'-d ko7s-strikf-er, s. The largest known serpent, a species of the genus Boa, peculiar to tropical America. It sometimes measures 30 or 40 feet In length, and is terribly remarkable for its immense “J^calar power, crushing even bullocks to pieces in its BoANEaoEs,(io-nn-cr'->e«z,s.pl. Sousof thunder; an ap¬ pellation given by Jesus Christ to his two disciples James and John : Mark lii. 17. Boar, boar s. The male of swine ; the wUd boar. — v.n. A horse is said to boar, when he shoots out his nose as high as his ears, and tosses it in the wind. Board, board, s. A piece of timber sawed thin, of con¬ siderable length, and usually between 4 and 9 inches in breadth; a table; entertainment; food ; diet; a table at which a council or court is held, the members com- posing a court or council; a number of persons who have the management of some pubUc office or trust a table or frame for a game, as, a ches8-6oai'OARD-R 0 LE, 6 oor(i'-nt/€, 8 . A figured scale forfindingthe number of square feet in a board, w’ithout calculation J>oAaD-wAGEs, board'-wa-jez, s.pl. Money allowed to seiwants to keep themselves in victuals. Hoarish, boar'-xsn, a. Swinish; brutal; cruel. BoAR-sPBAR,6oar'-s;>c^r,s. Aspear used in boar-huntin'^. Huast, boast, v.n To brag; to talk ostentatiously • to vaunt; to exalt one’s self; to glory in; to speak of with laudable pride and ostentation. — v.a. To brag of; to display in ostentatious language; to magmly or exalt; to exult in confident expectation. — s. An expression of ostentation; a vaunting speech • a brag; cause of boasting; laudable exultation. * jloASTER, boast'-er, s. One who boasts; a braggart; a broad chisel used by stone-masons. }h)ASTFrL,6oai'<'-^t/,a. Given to boasting; ostentatious. Bhastpullv, boast'-ful~le, ad. In a boastf^ manner. Iki.ASTFULNESs, Ooasf-/ul-nes, s. State of being boastful HoAsriNG, bof/st'-ing, s. Act of boasting; ostentation; boast; vaunting ; glorying, parade. In stone-cutting, the paring of a stone with a broad chisel and mallet. Boastingli. boast'-ifig-le^d.. Ostentotiously. BoASTivE,t ooaj^'-iv, a. Presumptuous; boastful. B 0 A. 8 TLBS 6 , boast'-les, ad. Without ostentation. Boat, hoatf T.a. To carry or transport in a boat. Boat, s. Asmall open vessel, moved by oars or rowing; a small vessel, moved by steam or sails. Boatablb, boat'-A-bl, a. Navigable for snaaT boats. BoAT-srLL, boaf-bil, s. The Cancroma, a bird of tie Heron tribe, about the size of the domestic hen, and le- markable for its long bill, which in form resembles tlm bowlsof iwospoons placed upon one anotherwith the HaTIs in contact. Boat-bciluer, boat'-bild-eTy s. One who makes boats. Boat-plt, 600 ?^ /li, js A genus of insects, found Boat-insbct. / in stagnant waters. Boat-hook, boaf-ho'bk, s. An iron hook with a point on the back, fixed to a long pole^ to pull or push a boat. Boat-house, s. A kind of shed on the banks of a river or other stream, to stow away and shelter boats when not in use. Boating, boatf-ing, s. The act or practice of sailing or transporting in boats. — In Persia, di punishment for¬ merly inflicted on capital offenders, which consisted ir bmding them to the bottom of a covered boat, and leaving them there to perish. B 0 AT 10 N 4 bo-a'-shun, s. A crying out; a roar. Boatman, boalf-maix, | s. A man who manages a boat: Boatsman, boats'-man, / a rower of a boat. Boat-rope, 6 oa^'-roptf, 8 . A rope to fasten a boat,usually called a painter. Boat-shaped, boaif-shaypt, a. Having the shape of a boat; navicular, cymbiform ; hollow like a boat. Boatswain, boat'-swayn ; by seamen bo'-sn, s. An ofl5- cer on board of ships, who has charge of the boats, sails, rigging. &c., and calls the men to their dutv. Bob, bob, s. A short, jerking action; a slight blow or jog ; any small appendage which moves with a jerking action, or plays loosely , a pendant; an ear-ring ; the ball of a pendulum; a knot of worms, at the end of a line, used in catching eels; a joke, jeer, or sneering jest; X the words repeated at the end of a stanza, a bob-wig; a cant tenn for a shilling Among bell¬ ringers, a peal of several courses, or sets of changes. — v.a. To move with a short, jerking motion ; to clip, to cutshort; to touch gently ; to jog; to beat; to drub : to cheat; to gain by fraud ; to mock or delude. — v.n. To play backward and forward ; to play loosely against any thing; to angle for eels with a bob. B 0 BANCE. 4 ; bo-bans', s. A boasting. Bobbed, hobd, pp. of the verb to bob. Bobbin, bob'-btn, s. A small, cylindrical, wooden pin, on which thread, silk, or yam is wound for making lace, &c., or in spinning ; a spool, romid tape. Bobbinet, bob'-bin-et, s. A kind of netted gauze. Bobbin-worx, bob'-bin-wurk, s. Work woven with bobbins. Bobbish, bob'-bish, a. Hearty ; tolerably well; in good spirits: a familiar word. Bob-ch-rrry , bol/-tsher-re,6. A play among children in whicha cherry is hung so as to bob against the mouth. Bobo, bo -bo, s. A delicate Mexican fish, about two feet m length. Bobolink, bob'-o-link, \ a. A popular name of the Rice- Boblink, ( bird, or Reed-bird of America Bobstays, bob'-stayz, s.pl. Ropes to confine the bow¬ sprit of a ship downward to the stem. Bobtail, bob'-tayl, s. A short taU, or a tail cut short: also, a word applied in contempt to the rabble. Bobtailed, a. Having the hair or tail cutshort. Bobtail-wig, 1 8 . A short wig, or a W'ig BoBwiG.ioy-m^ f of short hair. Bocakb, )bo-kake',8. An animal found on the banks Bocaqtjb, J of the Dnieper,somewhat resembling a rab¬ bit, but having no tail. Bocardo, bo-kar-do, s. In logic, a species of syllogism. BocASiSR,bok'-d-seen,fi. A sort of fine linen or buckram* Bocb, bose, 8. A beautiful fish, the Sparus. Bockelet, fcofc'-e-iei, 1 * 1 • j ^7 Bockeret. bok'-e-ret, / ^ kind of long-wmged hawk- Bockino, 6 oA:'-t> 7 ^, 8 . A coarse woollen cloth; a red herring Bockland, bok'-land, s. See Boukland. Bode, 6 orft',v.a. and n. To portend; to foreshow; topre- sage V to be an omen of. — t s. An omen ; delay ; a ston, BoDEMENT,t bode'-ment, s. omen ; portent. Bodge, $ bo(ij, v.n. To boggle ; to stop ; to botch. “t 8 . A botch. Bodice, bod'-is, s. A sort of stays for women; a corset. Bodied, bod -id, a. Having a body. Bodiless, bed'-e-les, a. Having no body ; incorporeal. Bodiliness, bod'-e-le-nes, 8. Coi'porality. Bodily, bod'-e-le, a. Having or containing a body ; re¬ lating or pertainm g to the body; corporeal j r€ al; actual BODILY [ 111 ] BOLTEL BopiLT.dorf'ad. Uon>oreally i united with a body or matter; in respect to the whole body or mass; entirely. Boding, s. An omen ; a foreshowing. Bodkin, feod'-Ain.s. An instrument for making holes by piercing; an instrument with an eye for drawing thread, tape, (*r ribbon through a loop, &c.; an Instiai- ment to dress the hair; 4:a dagger. BodkiN'Work, hod’-kin-wurk, s. A sort of triinmmg. BoDLB,/m'-d/,s. A copper coin, formerly current in Scot¬ land, worth about the third of an English penny. Bodleia-n, bod’-le-auy a. Pertaining to Sir Thomas Bodley, or to tiie celebrated library which he founded at Oxford in 1597 , and which he^irs his name. Body, hod '- e , s The frame of an animal, whether living or dead; the material substance of an animal; the main central part of an animal, in distinction from the liead and extremities; matter, as oppose^, tc spini a person ; reality; a collective mass; a numoer of m dividuals or particulars united; a band; a corporation; the main annv ; the main part; the bulk ; any mass distinct from others; a system ; a code; strength; sub¬ stance; 4; appetite. In geom ., any solid ligure. — v.a. To change to or produce in some form. Body-clothes, hod'-e-klonXhz, s.pl. Clothing or cover¬ ing forthe body, as for a horse. „ ^ Body-guard, hoa'-p,-(j{ird, s. A life-guard ; a small body of troops, specially apjiointed to protect and escort the person of the sovereign,or of some distinguished com¬ mander i Jigurntivelyy security. Body -POLITIC, bod'-e-poL'-e-tik^ s. A people under a civil government, or a nation in its political capacity. Body-sn atcher, bod'-e-snaf sh-er, s. One who robs graves for the purposes of dissection. Body-9natching, 5orf'-fi-sartis/i-t»i<7,_s. The robbing of graves for the purposes of dissection. B(eotian , 5 «-o'-s/iCf^i,a. Relongingto Boeotia; dull; rude. — s. A native of Bceotia, in Greece. Bog, bog, s. A marsh ; a morass j a quagmire. — v.a. To whelm or plunge, as in mud and mire. Bog-bean, bog'-been, s. A marsh plant, a species of Menyanthes, with beautiful dowers, and intensely bitter leaves t also called Buckbean, and Water-trefoil. Bog-berry, bog'-ber-re, s. A name of the cranberry. Boo-earth, bog'-erth, s. An earth or soil composed of sand and a portion of decomposed vegetable fibre. Boggle, bog'-gl. v.n. To start or stop, as if afraid to pro¬ ceed ; to hesitate ; to doubt; to waver; to dissemble. — v.a. To embarrass with difficulties. ( Viilgar.) — s. See Bogle. Boggled, bog'-gld, pp. of the verb to boggle. Boogler, bog'-gler^ s. A doubter ; a timorous man. Bogglish,:|; bog'-glish, a. Doubtful. Boggy , bog'-ge, a. Full of bogs ; marshy , swampy. Bog-hocse, s. A house of office ; a privy. Bog-iron-ore, bog'-i-eni-oar, s. See Boo-orb. Boo-land, bog'-land, s. A boggy country ; marshy land. — a. Living in or pertaining to a marshy country. Bogle, bo'-gl, s. A bugbear ; a spectre. Bogmoss, bog'-mosy s. A genus of aquatic moss plants. Bog-ore, bog'-oar, s. An iron ore found in boggy or swampy land. It is a hydrate of iron, supposed to have been deposited by water which has passed through rocks containing iron. Boo-rush, bog'-rush, s. A rush that grows in hogs; a bird, a species of warbler, about the size of a wren. Bog-spavin, hog'-spav~in, s. An encysted tumour on the inside of a horse’s hough. Bogus, bo'-gus, s. Sham, spurious, counterfeit. BOG-WilORT, hog'~hwurt, 8. The bilberry or whortle¬ berry. Boiiea, s. An inferior sort of black tea. Bohemian, 60 he '- rne - an , Sk .. Belonging to Bohemia. — s. A native of Bohemia. Boiar. ar, s. See Boyar. Boil, ooyl, v.n To swell, heave, or be agitated by the action of heat; to bubble ; to be agitated by any other cause than heat, as waves; to be m boilmg water; to suffer boiling heat in water or other liquid, for cookery or other purpose; to effervesce; to be hot or fervid ; to be irritated .—To boil away, to evaporate by boiling. — v.a. To heat to a boiling state, or till it bubbles; to dress or cook by boiling; to subject to heat in a boil¬ ing liquid; to seethe. — s. A sore, angry tumoui tenninating in a pustule. Roiled, hnyfd. pp. of the verb to boil. Boiler, botjV er, s. A person who boils anything; a vessel in which any thing is boiled; that part of a steam-engine in which the steam is generated. Boilbrt, boyf-tr-e, 8. A place where salt Is boiled. Boiling, boyl'-ina, s. ’Fhe act of boBing; ebullition. Boiling-point, boyV-ing-poynt, s. The temperature at which a fluid is converted into vapour with ebullition. That of water is 212° of Fahrenheit. Boiobi, boy-o'-be, s. A green snake found in America. Boisterous, boys'-ter-us, a. Loud ; turbulent; violent, stormy; noisy; disorderly; $huge, unwieldy, clumsy. Boisterously , boys'-ter-us-le, ad. Violently; furiously; with loud noise ; tumultuously. Boisxerousness, boy8'~ter-us-7ie8, s. The state or quality of being bolsteroua; turbulence; disorder. Boitiapo. hoy~ie-a'~po, s. A venomous serpent of Brazil. Bolart, bo'-Id-re, a. Partaking of the nature of clay. Bolbitine, boV-be-tin, a. An epithet given to one of the channels or mouths of the Nile. Bold, 6oaW, a. Courageous; brave; daring; intrepid; fearless, requiring courage in the execution; exe¬ cuted with spirit or boldness; planned with courage and spirit; confident; not timorous; rude, forward, impudent; standing out to vie^v ; striking to the eye^, steep ; abrupt; prominent.—2’o ^nake bold, or to be bold is to take freedoms ; to make free ; to venture. —X v.a. To make daring ; to bolden. Bolden boald'-dn. v.a. To make bold; to embolden. Bold-pace, boald'-jase, s. Dnpudence; sauMnes8;an impudent, sauev person; a term of reprehension. Bold-faced, a. Impudent; shameless. Boldly, boald'-le, ad. In a bold manner; courageously intrepidly; confidently; impudently. Boldness, hoald'-’ues,^. Courage ; bravery ; fearlessness; confidence ; assurance ; excess of freedom, bordering on impudence; prominence ; steepness. Bold-spirited, boald'-spir-it-ed, a. Courageous; daring Bole, bole, s. The trunk or stem of a tret; a friable clayey earth, of which one kind, Armenian Bole, is much used as a drug; a measure of corn, &C., see Boll. Bolero, bo-lare'-o, s. A popular Spanish dance. BoLETic,6o-/e^'-tA:,a.Obtained from boletus,as Boletus, bo-le'-tus, s. A genus of fuiigi or muslirooms. Bolides, 6o/'-e-decz, s. Plural of Bolls. Bolis, bo'-lis, s. A fii'e-ball darting through the ail', followed by a train of light or spai^s; a plummet. Boll, boal, s. The pod or capsule of a plant; a pericarp, an old raeasui'e which contained four bushels of Yvheat or beans, and six of oats, barley, or potatoes — v.n. To form into a pericarp or seed-vessel. Bolling, boaV-ing, s. A tree whose top and branches have been cut off; a pollard. Bologna-Sausage, s. A large sau¬ sage madeof bacon, veal, and pork-suet, chopped fine, and inclosed in a skin. Bolognese, bo-lun-yeez', a. Relating to Bologna. Bolognian stone, 6o-/owe'-e-aa stone, s. Radiated sul¬ phate of barytes, first discovered near Bologna. Bolster, bunV-ster, s. A round, long pillow, to support the head when reclining; a pad or quilt, used to hinder pressure, or make a bandage sit easy upon a wounded part; a compress ; a part of a saddle raised upon the bows, to hold the rider's thigh; a kind o\ hard cushion used in ships, to preserve the stays from being worn or chafed by the masts. — v.a. To support with a bolster, pillow, or any soft pad or quilt; to support; to hold up; to maintain ; to swell out; tto afford a bed to. — v.n. To lie together in a bed; to occupy the same bed. Bolster-case, s. A case to hold a bolster. Bolstered, ftorti'-sferrf, a. Swelled out; supported. Bolsterer, boal-ster'-er, t. One who bolsters; a sup porter. Bt>L8TERiNo, boal'-ster-ing, s. A propping; a support. Bolt, boalt, s. An arrow ; a dart; a strong cylindrical pin, of iron or other metal, used to fasten a door, shutter, fetter, &c.; a thunder-bolt; a stream of light¬ ning ; a sieve. A bolt of canvas is a piece of 28 ells. — v.a. To fasten or secui’e with a bolt, or iron pin ; to fetter; to shackle ; to restrain ; to blurt out; to uttei or throw out precipitately ; to swallow hasti^, or without chewing; to sift; to separate bran from flour; to examine by sifting ; to purify ; to purge ; to discuss, or argue.— Am ong sportsmen, to start or dislodge, as a coney, &c. — v.n. To shoot forth suddenly; to spring out with speed and suddenness; to start forth; to run off suddenly. Bolt- auger, boalt'-aw-ger, s. A large boring mstiu- raent used by shipwrights. ^ Bolt-boat, s. A strong boat, for a rough sea- Boltel, boV-tel, s. In arch,, see JPruxTin. BOLTER [ 112 ] BONGRAOE UoLTEa^ hoalf-er. s. One wlio bolls; n machine for se- f aratmg bran rrom flour; a sieve; a net. v.a. To besmear. Eoltered, a Pierced in the manner of abolter, or sieve. Eolt -head^ hoalf~hedj s.^ A long, straight-necked glass vessel, for chemical distillations; a matrass, or receiver. Bolting, boaUf-in^j s. The act of fastening with a bolt; a sifting; a running away; $ a discussion. Bolting-cloth, boaltf-ing-'kloth, s. A linen or hair cloth, of which bolters are made for sifting meal. Bolting-house, boaW-ing-howBy s. The house or place where meal is bolted. Bolting-hutch, A tub for bolted flour. Bolting-mill, boalt'-iug-tnil, s. A machine or engine for sifting meal. Bolting-tub, boaW~iii^-tuhy s. A tub to sift meal in. Boltonite, boal'~tun-%te, s. A grayish cr yellowish granular mineral, found at Bolton, Massachusetts. Bolt-rope, boalf-rope, s. A rope to wJiich the edges of sails are sewed to streugthen them. Bolt-sprit, boaW-sprity s. See Bowsprit. BoLT-uPRiGHT,6oa^i'-Mp-rife,a. Perfectly upright; erect. Bolus, bo’-lus, s. A soft mass of any thing medicinal, made mto a large pill, to be swallowed at once. Bom, bom, s. A large serpent found in America. Bomb, hum, s. A loud noise; a large iron ball or shell filled with gunpowder, and having a vent for a fusee, to be thrown from a mortar ; the sound of a large bell, v.a. To aitack with bombs ; to bombard. ^ vm. To *ound. Bombard,^ bum'-bard, s. A piece of short, thick ord nance with a large mouth ; an attack with bombs; a barrel a drinking vessel. Eomba».d, bum-hard'y v.a. To attack with bombs. Bomb/wrdier, bum-bard-eer'y s. An artilleryman who hp the charge of, or attends to the loading and firing of mortars. In entom., a kind of beetle. I>OMBARDMEMT,6im-fe«rrf'-mcni,s.Anattackwithbombs; the act of throwing bombs into a town, fort, or ship. Bombardo, burn-bar'-doy s. A musical wind instrument, much like the bassoon, used as a base to the hautboy. Bombasin, ) hwn-bA-zee7\'^ s. A twilled fabric, of which Bombazine,/ the warp is silk and the weft worsted, chiefly of a black colour. Bombast, 6M»n-&asr,or bum'-bast,^. $ A stuff of soft, loose texture,used to swell garments; Acnce,big,liigh-sound“ ing, senseless language; an inflated style; fustian. — a. High sounding; inflated ; big without meaning. Bumbast,:|: bum-bmt', v.a. To inflate. Bombastic, a. High-sounding; of great sound, but little meaji‘ing; senseless; inflated ; turgid. Bombastrt, bum'-bast-rey s. ^Swelling words without much meaning; fustian ; bombast. Bombax, bom'-bax, s. The silk-cotton tree. B jMBAZETTB, 6 Mm- 6 d:- 2 cf' s. A sort of thin woollen Cloth. Bombazine, bum-bd-zeen', s. See Bombasin. Bomb-chest, A chest filled with combus¬ tible matter, to place underground, and cause destruc¬ tion by its explosion. BoMBERNicKEL,feo»i- 6 cr-m&'-el, s. A kind of coarse bran bread, eaten by the peasants of'Westphalia: the word IS also often used as a temi of contempt or derision. Bombiate, hom'-be-ate, s. A salt formed by a combina¬ tion of the bombic acid and a base. Bombic, bom'-biky a. Pertaining to the silk-worm.— Bo7nbic acid, an acid obtained from the silk-worm. Bombilation bitm-be-la'-shun, s. Sound; report; noise. Bombilious, bum-bil'-yus, a. Having or making a hum¬ ming noise. BoMBiTE, 6 oMi'-ftif<, 8 . A bluish-black mineral, found at Bombay, and apparently a variety of flinty slate. Bomb-KETCH, dum-A-eisA, is. A small, strongly-built Bomb-vessel, bum'-vessel, j ship or vessel, constiaicted for firing or throwing bombs. Bomb-proof, bum'-proof, a. Made secure against bombs. Bomb-shell, hum'shel, s. A bomb, or hollow globe, filled with gunpowder, to be discharged from a mortar. Bombycinous, bom-hi^-e-nus, a. Silken , made of silk; of the colour of the silk-worm. Bombtx, bom'-bix, s. The silk-woivn. Bon, bon, s. The Egyptian name of the coffee-tree. Bon, 6 o 7 i^, 8 . A good saying; a jest; a tale. Bona fide, bo'-nd Ji'-de, a. (I,at.) With good faith; without fraud or deception j sincere; really meant. Bon 4 ir,$ bo-navi'', a. Complaisant; yielding'. Bowapartean. hosxd-part'-e-an, a. Pertaining to Napo- 'eon Bonapiirte, to his policy, or to his government. EonapartisMj bri-nd-part-izm, s. Attachment to B ma* parte and his principles; the policy of Bonaparte. Bonapartist, bo'-i\d‘part-iBt, s. One attached to tbs person or principles of Bonaparte; one of a political party in France,attached to the memory of Bonapai’td and to the Bonapartean dynasty. Bona PERiTURA,6o'-7»d per-e-tu'-rd,%.ph (L.) Perishable goods. Bona-roba, bo'-nd-ro'-bd, s. (Ital.) A showy wanton. Bonasus, bo-na'-sus, Is. A species of bison, or wild Bonassus, bo-nas'susy / ox. Bonbon,6o7i/-6o71(7,s. Sugarconfectionery; a sugarplum. Bon-chief^^ bon'-tsheef, s. Good consequence. BoN-CHRETiEN,6onp-A7*ei'-j/fmp,s. (Fr.) Aspeciesofpear Bond, bond, s. Any thing that binds, as a cord, a band , a ligament; union; connection; a binding; cause of union ; link of connection. In law, an obligation or deed, by which a person binds himself and his heirs to pay a certain sum, on or before a future day appointed, in the plural, chains; imprisonment; captivity. In masonry, the disposition of the stones or bricks m the courses of the work in such a manner that the ver¬ tical joints are separated from each other. — a. In a state of servitude or slavery; captive; bound. — y.a. To give bond for; to secure payment of, by giving a bond; to put imported goods in the ware¬ houses appointed by the ofiicers of customs, till the duties chargeable thereon are paid. Bondage, bond'-aje, s. Slavery; imprisonment; cap¬ tivity ; t obligation. tie of duty. Bond-creditor, hond-kred-it-er, s. A creditor who ia seciu’ed by a bond. Bond-debt, bond'-det, s. A debt contracted under tlie obligation of a bond. Bonded, bond'-ed, pp. of the verb to boncl.^Bonded goods, those for the duties on which bonds are given at the custom-house. Bonding-warehouse, bond'-ing-ware'-hotes, s. A ware¬ house in which imported goods are deposited under the custody of the ofiicers of customs till the duties chargeable thereon are paid. Bondmaid, bond'-mayd, s. A young female slave. Bondman, hond'-man, s. A man slave. Bondservant, bond'-ser-vant , s. A slave. Bondservice, bond'serv-is, s. A state of slavery. Bondslave, bond'-slave, s. A person in a state of slavery. Bondsman, hondz'-man, s. A surety ; one who is bound, or who gives security for another; X a slave. Bondswoman, ) . Bondwoman, Wjrf'-teohm-fln, / ^ woman slave. Bonduc, bon'-duk, s. The Kickar-tree, a species of Guil • andina, a leguminous plant, >vith yellow flowers, common to both Indies. Bone, bone, s. A fii’m, hard substance, composing the skeleton, or frame-w'ork of an animal body ; a piece of bone, with or without flesh adhering to it; something made of bone.— To make no bones, is to make no scruple — v.a. To take out bones from the flesli, as in cookery • to put bones in, as whalebone into stays. ' Bone-ace, hone'-ase, s. A game at cards. Bone-ache, bonef-ake, s. Fain in the bones. Bone-ash, hone'-ash, s. The residue of burnt bones. Boneblack, bone'-blak, s. Animal charcoal, a black sub¬ stance produced by burning bones in close vessels. Bonebrkaker, 6one-feraArc-cr, s. The sea-eagle or osprev Boned, boand, pp. Deprived of bones, as in cookeiV. — a. Having bones ; bony. Bone-dust, bone'-dust, s. Bones ground for the purpo'-e of being used as manure. Bone-earth, 6o7ie'-er^/i,s. The earthy residuum of bones after they have been calcined. Bonelace, 6one'-/f7S£',8. A lace made of linen thread «o called because woven with bobbins of bone. ’' Boneless, 6o«e'-Zes, a. Without bones; wanting bones Bones, boanz, s.pl. A sort of bobbins, made of bones oi ivory, for weaving lace ; also, dice. ' Boneset, bone'set, v.a. To set a dislocated bone, or 1.1 unite a broken bone. — s. A plant, the Thorough wort. Bonesetter, hone^-set-ter, s. One who professes to scl and restore dislocated or broken bones. Bonesettinq, hone set-ting, s. The art of setting bones. Bone-spavin, 5o7ie'-5p«v-m, s. A bony excrescence, 01 hard swelling, on the inside of tlie hock of a horse’s leg Bon ETTA, &o-nef'-W, s. A sea-fish: Bonito. BoNFiRE,6on'-;5re,s. Alargefiremadeonfestive occasions. B(.HGRA.c^,X^on'-gra8e,oTbxm'-grds,s. A forehead cloth or a covering for the forehead; a large bonnet formerly BONIFOEM [ 113 ] BOOTED vTom 07 lemaies to protect tnem from the sun; a kind of canvas screen or curtain placed round the sides of a ship to protect the sailors from flakes of ice or keen winds in high latitudes. BoNiroRM, hon'-e-forni, a. Of a good shape. BoNi 7 T,i hon'-e-fi, v.a. To convert into good. Bonimo, ftone'-iijfir, ppr. Depriving of bones. — 8 . The act of judging of a plane surface, or of setting objects in the same plane or line by the eye. Among surveyors and arcliitects,this operation is usually per¬ formed by means of poles, termed boning rods, set up at certain distances; these are adjusted to the required line by looking along theii’ vertical surfaces. Joiners, &c., bone their work with two straight edges. Bonito, bo-ne’-to, s. A fish of the tunny kind. Bonitt,$ 6 on'-e-*'-seZ-/er, s. One who trades in books. Booksb LUNG, The business of a bookseller Bookstall, bdbk’-stawl, s, A stall or stand, commonly ia the open aii-, for retailing books. Bookstand, bdbkf-stayid, s. A stiind or case for books. Bookstone, b(Sbk’-st07\e, s. See Bibliolite. Bookstore, bdbk'-store, s. In the United States, a book¬ seller’s shop. . ^ , Bookworm, 6(rt>A'-tt)wrm,s. Amite tliateatsholes in hooks one closely attached to books, or addicted to study a reader without judgment. Booley, hoo'-le, s. IntreUmd, a nomad, or one who has no settled habitation. Boom, boom, s. A long pole or spar to extend a sail; a strong iron chain, cable, or line of spars bound together, and extended across a river, or the mouth of a harbour, to obstruct the passage; a pol^e set up as a mark to direct seamen; a hollow roar, as of waves, &c. — v.n. To rush with violence, as a ship under a press of sail; to swell; to roll and roar, as waves; to inake a loud pealing noise, as cannon, &c.; to cry as the bittera. Boomerang, Dootn'-tf-rang, s. A wooden missile peculiar to the aboiTginesof Australia. It has the shape of the small segmentofacLTcle.and is usually about 24 inches broad, 4 inch thick, and 2 feet long, the extremities being rounded. One side is fiat, the other is rounded, and It is brought to a bluntish edge. Boomkin. fcoow'-A:tn, s. Sec Bumkin. Boon, 6oon, s. Agift; agrant; abenefaction; afavour, a prayer, or petition ; the refuse from dressed flax. — a. Gay ; merry; kind; bountiful. Boops, bo'-ops, s. A genus of fishes found cliiefly in the lyicditerranean; the pike-headed whale. Boor, boor, s. A peasant; a rustic; a clo'svn ; a lout; a rude man ; a Dutch farmer of the Cape colony. Boorish, boo7-'-ish, a. Clownish ; rustic, rude ; uncivil¬ ized; awkward in manners; illiterate. Boorishly, 5oo7*^-tsA-Zc, ad. In a boorish manner.^ Boorishness, boox''-ish-nes, s. Clownishness; lusticity Boosb,^ boos, s. A stall for an ox or cow. Boose, hooz, v.n. To drink intemperately ; to guzzle. }ioosz-R,booz’-er,s. A harddrinker;atippler;adrunkard. Boost, boost, v.a. To lift or raise by pushing. {Vulgar.) Koosy, boo'-ze,Q.. A little intoxicated; merry withliquor. Boo'f, boot, s. A shoe of which the leather, or other material of which it is made, is continued so as to cover the leg or a part of it; a kind of rack for t)ie leg, formerly used to torture criminals; a box or re¬ ceptacle in the fore or hind part of a coach; •i' an apron or leathern cover to protect the riders in a chaise gig, &c.. a leathern case in w'hich to put a filled ■ ©rtx to guard against accident in corking. — v.a. To put on hoots; to furnish with hoots Boot, v.a. To profit; to advantage; to eiinch; to benefit. — s. Profit; gain ; advantage; that winch is given to make the exchange equal; tspoil, booty.—Jo ooof, in addition to; over and above. Boot-catcher, bootf-katsh-er, s. Same as Boots, q y. Bootciiimp, s. A frame used by bootmakers for drawing in and shaping the body of a. boot. Booted, pp. ur a. Having boots on. BOOTEE [ 114 ] BOSS UooTSH, hoot-y, s. A kina oi nan or short boot Bootes, e«-o' -teez, s. A northern constellation. Booth, 6ooth, s. Ahouseorshed built of slight material’s, for temporary purposes; astall or tenterected in a fair. Boot-hose, 6oof'-Aoze, 8. Spatterdashes ; a kind of stock¬ ings used to cover the legs, in lieu of boots. Bootikin, 6oot'-e-A:m, 8 . A little boot. 'BooTJA.cKf boot'~jak, s. An instrument to assist in draw¬ ing oflf one’s boots Boot-last, boof -lastj s. See Boot-tree. Bootleg, boot'-leg, s. Leather cut for the leg of a boot. Bootless, bootf-les, a. Unavailing; unprofitable; useless. Bootlesslt, boot'-les-leyB.A. Without use or profit. BooTf.EssNEss, boot'-les-nes, s. State of beinghootless. Boot^, boots, 8 . The servant at an inn who pulls off and cleans the boots of the travellers. Boot-topping, boof-top-ping, s. The operation of cleans¬ ing a ship’s bottom, near the surface of the water, and rubbing on it a mixture of tallow, sulphur, and resin. Boot-tree, boot'-tre, s. An instrument for stretching boots, or for keeping them in shape. Booty , boof-e, s. Spoil taken in war ; plunder, pillage; prey.—To play booty, is to agree with another to cheat a third party at play, and divide the spoils. Bopbdp, bo-peep', s. A play to amuse children by peep¬ ing from behind something, and crying bo! Borable,+ bor^-a-bl, a. That may be bored. BoRACHio.6o-rais/i'-yo,s. J A bottle or cask; adninkard. Boractc, bo-ras'-ik, a. Pertaining to, or produced from borax.—Boractc actrf, a compound of boron and oxygen. Bcracite, bo'-ra-site,%. Native borate of magnesia. Bo RAcous,6o'-rdi-A:Ms,a.Partaking of, or resembling borax. Borage, bur'-raje, s. A plant of the genus Borago. Boramez, 6or'-d-mcz, 8. A plant, see Barometz. Borate, bo'-rate, s. A salt formed by the combination of boracic acid with a base. Borax, bo'-rax, s. A compound of boracic acid and soda. It is used by workers in metal as a flux and as a solder, and also in pharmacy. Borbortom, bor'-bo-rim, s. A rumbling noise of wind in the bowels. Bord,J bord, s. A jest; a feigned story. Bordaoe. bord'-aje, s. -See Bordlaxd. Bordel, 6ord'-e/, Is. A brothel; a house devoted Bordello, hor-del'-lo. ] to prostitution. Bordeller, bord'-el-ier, s. The keeper of a brothel. Border, bord'-er, s. The outer part or edge of any thing, as of a garment, garden, &c.; a fringe; the confine or exterior limit of a country or place ; boundary; a bank raised at the side of a garden ; verge ; brink. — v.n. To touch at the edge, side, or end ; to be con¬ tiguous or adjacent; to approach near to. ^v.a. To make a border; to adorn with a border of ornaments, tp reach to; to touch ; to confine upon ; to be contiguous to; $lo confine within bounds, to limit. Bordered, bord'-erd, pp. of the verb to border. Borderer, bord'-er-er, s. One who dwells on the bor¬ ders of a country or near to a place. Boro-halfpenny, ftorrf'-*rt-pcn-c,8. Atoll formerlypaid for setting up boards or a stall in a fair or market. Bord lanh, burd'-la7id, s. In old law, the demain land which a lord reserved to himself for the maintenance of his bo7'd, board, or table. Bord-lode, ) bord-load, s. The service required of a Board-load, j tenant to carry timber from the woods to the lord’s house. Bord-man, bord!-man, g. A tenant of bord-land, who supplied his lord with provisions. BoRD-RAGiNo,t bord'-roje-tug, s. An incursion upon the borders of a countiy. Bori)-8ervice, bord'-serv-ia, s. The tenure by which bord-land was held. Bordure, bord'-yur, or bor^-dewr, s. In her., a tract or compassof metal, within theescutcheon,andaround it. Bore, bore, v.a. To pierce; to perforate; to make a hole in; to eat out or make a hollow, by gnawing or corroding, as a worm ; to vex or weary by petty acts or tedious iteration; to tease ; to annoy ; to pester. — v.n. To be pierced or penetrated; to pierce or enter by boring; to push forward toward a certain point; to carry the nose near the ground, as a horse. — s. The hole made by boring; the cavity or hollow of a gun, or other fire-arm; the calibre; any instrument used for boring; a person that annoys by iteration; any thing that vexes or wearies; a sudden rise of the tide in certain narrow estuaries, conflicting with the water from above. Bore, pret. of the verb to bear Boreal, bo'-re-al, a. Northern; pertaining to the aioxtL or to the north wind. Boreas, bo'-re-as, s. The north wind. Borecole, boref-koal, s. A kind of winter cabbage, the leaves of which are not formed into a compact head but are loose, and generally curled or wrinkled- ’ Bored, board, pp. of the verb to bore. Boree, bo-re', s. A kind of dance ; a figure in dancing. Borer, bore'-er, s. One who bores; an instrument lo make holes with , a sea-worm that; pierces wood. Boring, bore!-ing, s. The act of perforating any sub¬ stance; a bole made by perforating.—B orings, s.pi.,are the cliips produced in perforation. Born, horn, pp. of bear. Brought forth, as an animal.— To be born, is to be produced, or brought into life. Borne, hoarn, pp. of bear. Carried ; supported , defrayed. Bornitb, bor'-tute, 8. A tellurite of bismuth. Bornouse. bar-twos', s. See Bernodse. Boron, bo-ion, s. The elementary base of boracic acid Borough, bnr'-o, s. Originally, a fortified citv or town. In present use, a town mcorporated with certain pri¬ vileges; a town, or part of a town, whether corporate or not, which sends burgesses or representatives to parliament. In Saxon times, a main pledge, or asso¬ ciation of men, who were sureties or fi-ee pledges to the king for the good behaviour of each other. — a. Corporate; having the privileges of a borough. Borough-English, bnr'-o ing'-glish, s. A customary de scent of lands and tenements to the youngest son. or youngest brother, instead of the eldest. Borough-hea ,$ bur'-o-ktd, i s. A head-borough Borough-holder, 6Mr'-o-/ioa/rf'-er, j a borsholder. Borough-master, bur'-o-mds'-ter, s. The mayor, go vernor, or bailiff of a borough. Borough-monger, bur'-o-mung'-ge,r, s. One who buys or sells the patronage of a borough. Borough-town, bur'-o-town, s. A corporate town BoRREL,t 6or'-rrZ, a. Rustic; rude. Borrow, bor'-ro, v.a. To take from another by request and consent, with a view to use the tiling taken for a time, and return it,or an equivalent; to copy or select from the writings or sayings of another; to assume to imitate; Jto relieve, to redeem. —18. A borrowing; the thing boiTO wed; a pledge; a surety. Borrowed, bor'-rode, pp. of the verb to borrow. Borrower, bor'-ro-er,8. One who borrows. Borrowing, bor*-ro-ing,8. The act of borrowing. Borsholder, bors'-hoald-er, s. The head or chief of a tithing or burg of ten men ; a head-borough. Bos, bos, 8. In zoology, the technical name of a genus of quadrupeds, including the ox and allied animals. Bosa, ho'-sh, s. An intoxicating drink among the Egyp¬ tians, made from the meal of darnel and hemp-seed. Boscage, bosk'-eye, s. A wood; woodlands; underwood, food for cattle yielded by bushes and trees. In paintituj, a landscape representing thickets and woodlands. Boschas, hos'-kas, s. The common wild duck. Bosh, 6osft,s. Outline; figure; in pop.lang., nonsense; folly Boshbok, bosh'-bok, s. A species of antelope. Bosjbsmans, boz'-jez-manz, s.pl. Bushmen, a wild and erratic race of South Africa. Boskbt, j ) S. A little wood ; a p- ove ; a com- Bosquet, / » > partment in a garden, formed by Busket. busk'-et, ) branches of trees. Bosky, bosk'-e, a. Woody ; covered with thickets. Bosom, bdbz'-um, s The breast of a human being, and the parts adjacent, the folds of the dress that cover the breast; the breast, or the interior of the breast, con¬ sidered as the seat of tenderness, or of the passions, the breast, or its interior, considered as a close place, the receptacle of secrets ; any inclosed place; the in¬ terior ; the tender affections ; the arms, or embrace of the arms ; $ inclination, desire. — a. Intimate; confidential; fond; used in composition. — v.a. To enclose in the bosom; to keep with care; to conceal; to cherish or press to the bosom. Bosomed, bo'bz'-umd, pp. ofthe verb to bosom. Boson, bo'-sn. s. A corruption of boatswain, q.v. Bosphorian ,Oos-/o'-re-an, I a. Pertaining to a strait, or Bospori AN ,$6os-po'-re-an, j narrow sea between two seas. Bosphorus, bos'-fo-rus, J s. A narrow sea, or a strait. Bosporus,$ bos'-po-rus, / particularly the strait between the Sea of Marmora and the Black Sea. Boss, bos, s. A protuberant part; a stud or knob; a pro¬ tuberance raised as an ornament on any work; the part rising in the middle of a shield; a water-conduit, in form of a tun-helUed figure. In the United States, r master mechanic; a foreman, or superiutendcut. BOSSAGE [ 115 ] BOUND Bossaqb, bos -aa&y s. A stone In a building which is left projecting and rough, to be afterwards finished in scmpture; rustic work, consisting of stones which advance beyond the nave or level of the building. Bossed, pp.or a. Studded ; ornamented with bosses. Bossive, bos'-to, a. Crooked; deformed by humps. Bossy, 6o«'-e, a. Containing abos8;omamented with bosses. BoBr^KQi,bo8-tan’~Je, s.pl. In Turkey^ the'guards of the Sultan’s seraglio. BosTRYCHiTE,i'Os'-ire-/:4<«,s. Agein in the form ofalock of hair. Bosvel, boz'-vel, s. A plant, a species of Crowfoot. BosivELLiSM, s. A peculiarity of Boswell the biographer of Dr. Johnson. Rot, boty 8. A small worm : see Bots. Botanic, $ bo-tan'-ik, s. One who is skilled in botany. Botanic, bo-tari'^ik, \ a. Pertaining to botany ; con- Botanical, bo-tan'-ik-al, j taining plants.—Botanic gar- den, a garden devoted to the culture of plants collected for the purpose of illustrating the science of botany. BoTANiCALLT,6o-iaM'-»/:-a/-i6,ad. According to the sys¬ tem of botany. Botanist, bot'~&-nistyB. One skilled in botany. Botanize, 6oi'-d-niae,v.n. To seek for plants for the pur¬ pose of botanical investigation; to study plants. Botanizing, bof -an~ize-ingy s. The seeking of plants for botanical purposes. Botanology, 8. Botany. Botanomanct, bot'-d-no-man-seyS. Kn ancient species of divination by means of plants. Botany, bof-d-ne, s. That branch of natural history which treats of the structure and economy of plants, and their classification. Botargo, bo-tar'-goy s. A kind of sausage or food made of the roes of the mullet. Botch, botsh, s. A swelling, or eruptive discoloration of the skin; a clumsy patch ; ill-finished w'ork in mend- ■ ing; a part added clumsily or unsuitably. — v.a. To mend or patch in a clumsy manner; to put to¬ gether unsuitably, or unskilfully; to mark with botches. Botched, botshty pp. of the verb to botch. Botcher, botsh'-evy s. A clumsy workman at mending ; a mender of did clothes, whether a tailor or cobbler. BoTCHERLYj+fcoti/i'-cr-ieja. Clumsy; patched. Botchbrt, botsh '- er-Cy 8. A botching, or that which is done by botching; patchwork. BoTCHY,oo^s/i'-e,a. Marked with botches; full of botches. Bote, bote, s. In law, compensation,satisfaction, or re¬ paration,as,man-6oie,a compensation foramanslain; a privilege dr allowance of necessaries, as,^oMse-6ofe,a sufficiency of wood to repair a house, or for fuel. Boteless, bote'-les, a. In vain : see Bootless. Bot-fly, bot'-Jii, 8. An insect which lays eggs on horses, from which bots are produced. Both, boath, a. The one and the other; the two. — cojtJ. As well as; on the one side. Bother, 6oth'-cr, v.a. To tease or perplex ; to confound : a corruption of poifter. fInelegant.) Botheration, 6oth-er-fl^-sAu7i, s. Trouble; vexation; perplexity. (Vulgar.) .d+i,- Bothnian, a. Pertaining to Bothnia, a poTHNic, both'-niky j territory on the Baltnj, and also to a gulf of that name. poTHRODENDRON, both-ro-dsn'-dvoriyB. An extinct genus of fossil plants, found in coal formations. Bothy, both'-e, s. A rude kind of cottage. ^ BoTOTOE, bo-to'-to, s. A bird of the parrot kind. BoTRYLLARiANS,6oi-ril-Za'-r€-a«z,s.pl. A family of com¬ pound tunicaries, each example of which presents an oval body, formed by several individuals united to¬ gether like the rays of a star, and having an aperture m the centre common to the rectum of each. Botryoid, feoi'-re-oi/d, ) a. Having the form of a Botryoidal, hot - re - oyd'-aly j hunch of grapes. Botryolite, bot '- re - o-litCy s. In win., Grapestone, or a variety of DathoUte, occurring in botryoidal forms. Bots, botSy s.pl. Small worms found in the intestines of horses. They are the larvae of the gad-fly. Bottle, 6oi'-«,s. A vessel of glass, earthen-ware,leather, or other material, of various sizes, with a narrow mouth, for holding liquors; the contents of a bottle ; as much as a bottle contains, a quart; a bundle of hay. — v.a. To pul into bottles. Bottle-companion, bot'-tl-koni-pcm'-yuny 1 8. Afriendor Bottle-friend, bof - tl-frmdy j companion in drinking. Bottled, 6or-fW,pp.or a. Put into bottles ; enclosed in bottles; having a protuberant belly. Bottle-plowER, tof - tl - Aow - ery &. A plant, the CyanuA Bottlb-olass. bot'-tl-glas, s. A coarse green glass used for making bottles. Bottlb-qourd, bot '- tl-goordy s. The common goui’d. Bottle-nosed, a. Having a bottle-shapeCi or large thick nose. Bottle-screw , bot'-tl skrew, s. A corkscrew. Bottling, bot'-tling, s. The act of putting into bottles. Bottom, bot’-turny s. The lowest pan of any thing; the ground under anybody of water; the foundation or ground-work of any thmg ; the base; a dale ; a valley, Sie extremity of the trunk of animals ; a ship or vessel; the grounds or dregs of any liquor; a ball of tliread. Figuratively, bound; limit; the deepest part; that wMch is most remote from the view; cause, spring, or origin; the utmost extent or depth of inrellectj whether deep or shallow; stamina, sii^ength. — v.a. To found, or build upon; to fix upon as a support; to furn^h wdtha seal, or oottoin; to wind round some¬ thing, as in making a bail of thread. — v.n. To rest upon, as its ultimate support. — a. Low,or lowest; having a low situation.— Bottom^ heat yin hort.y the temperature communicated to certain soils, by fermenting and decomposing substances placed underneath them. Bottomed, botf-tumd, pp. of the verb to bottom. — a. Having a bottom. Bottomless, 6o^^-tuw-/es,a.'Without a bottom; fathomless. Bottomry, 6o^'-^uw-re, 8. Theact or practice ofborrow- ing money, and pledging the keel or bottoin of the ship, that is, the ship itself, as security. Bottony, bof-ton-e, s. In heraldry, a cross which ter¬ minates at each end in three buds, knots, or buttons. Bouche, hooshy s. See Bougb. Bodchet, boo'-sha, or boo-shet', s. A sort of pear. Boud, bowd, s. An insect that breeds in malt or other grain; a weevil. Boudoir, feoo'-dwjor, 8. (Fr.) A small private apartment, usually that of a lady, and adjoining the dressing or bed-room. Bougb, t boodj^ v.n. To swell out; to bulge. —t s. Provisions ; food. Bough, 6ot^>,s. An arm, branch, or large shoot of ati’ee. Bought, bawt, pret. and pp. of the verb to buy. Bought, bawt, or howt, s. A twist; a knot; a flexure, or bend, the part of a sling that cont^ns the stone. Bodghty, baw'-te, or bow'-te, a. Bending ; crooked. Bougie, hoo'-zhe, s. A wax taper. In surgery, a long, slender instrument, that is introduced thi'ough the urethra into the bladder, to remove obstructions. Bouilli, bdbV-ye, s. (Fr.) Boiled or stewed meat. Bouillon, 8. (Fr.) Broth; soup. Bouk, bowk, v.n. To nauseate. (Local.) Bodlangeritb, boo-lan'-jer-ite, s. In w*‘*i..a sulphurel of antimony and lead. Boulder, boal'-der. s. See Bowlder. BouLET,6oo'-Za,or ooo-Zei',8. In the manege, a horse is so called when the fetlock or pastern joint bends forward and out of its natural positum. Boulevard, 1 tobl'-var, 8. (Fr.' the rampart Bouleva-rt. I of a fortified city; now, a principal street or promenade planted with trees, and often encempass- ing the town. Boulimy, ioo'* Zc-me, 8. See Bulimy. Boult, hoalt, s. An incorrect orthography o/Bolt, q.v. Boultin, boal'-tin, s. In architecture, a moulding, the convexity of which is one fourth of a circle. Bounce, botvns, v.n. To leap, spring, or rush out sud¬ denly ; to hit or come agamst with force, or so os to rebound; to thump so as to make a loud noise; to boast or brag; to swagger; to buUy; to lie; $ to he bold or strong. —J v.a. To drive against; to thi’ust. — 8. A heavy blow,thnist. or thump with a large, solid body; aloud,heavy sound,as by an explosion; a boast, a threat; a species of dog-fish or shark. Bouncer, oomi'-ser, 8. A boaster; ahuUy; aboldlieja liar; a large, fat person. BouNciNG,6own'-*tn^,a. Large and heavy; huge; great; stout; bold ; strong ; swaggering. — s. Act of falling or striking; a boast. BouNciNGLT,6oi4>n-stngr-Ze, ad.Iloastingly; with a bounce. Bound^ bowndy s. Boundary; limit; restraint; a leap; a spring, a jump ; a rebound. — v.a. To set limits to; to restrain; to circumscribe ; to confine; to restrict; to border; to cause to bound. ~ v.n. To leap; to move forward by leaps; to rebound. Bound, pret. and pp. of the verb to bind. — a. Destined; tending; going, or intending BOUITDAEY [ llfl J BOW-STEING hoyspi.KYfbownd’-ii-r8,i, A visible mark designating a limit; limit; bound; border; restraint. HoDND-BAiLiFF, boivnd'-bayl-if, s. A sheriff’s officer. houwDEN, bownd'-eiiy a. Appointed; indispensable; ob¬ ligatory ; beholden to. Koundenlt,:!: bownd'-en-le, ad. In a dutiful manner. IIouNDEB, bownd'-er, s. Oue who lunits ; a boundary Koundino-stone, bownd'-ing-stone, \ s. A stone to play BouND-STONn, bownd'-stone, j with. Boundless, bownd'-les, a. ■\Vithout bound or limit. Boundlessly, 6ou'nrf'-/fs-?e, ad. In a boundless manner. Boundlessness, bow7id'-les~7ie$. s. The quality of bein" without limits. Bounteous, a. Liberal; kind; bountiful. JiOunteously, boivii'-te-us-Jey'dy!s.—a level piece of ground keol smooth for playing at bowls. ^ Bowman, bo'-ma 7 i, s. A man who uses a bow; an archer Bowman, bow'- 77 ian, s. The man who rows the foromo^it oar in a boat. Bo-svnet, bo'- 7 iet, s. A kind of wicker basket used for catching lobsters and crawfish, also called bow-wheel Bow-pen, W-pen, s. A metallic ruling-pen, haviii" tlie part which holds the ink bowed out toward the middle Bow-piece, bow'-pees, s. A piece of ordnance earned at the bow of a ship. Bow-saw, s. A flexible saw for cutting curves Bowse, 6om;s, v.n. In la 7 ig.,to pull or haul together Bow-shot, bo'-shot, s. The space wliich an an*ow mpv pass when shot from a bow. Bowsprit, bo -sprit, s. A large boom or spar, which nro- jects over the stem of a ship to carry sail /orward Bowssen,$ bows'-sfi, v.a. To dxiiik ; to drench Bow-string, bo'-string, s. The string of a bo ^ — v.a. To strangle with the string of a bcM': a con n-on mode of execution in Turkey B0W-3TEINGED [ 117 ] % BEAHHII;! Bow-stringed, ho'-strtngd, pp. of the verb to hotv-string. —a. Furnislied with a bow-string, Bow-%vindow, ho'-win-dOfS. A window projecting from the general face of a building, of a curved form, whence it differs from a hay-windoic, which is polygonal and straight-sided. Bow-avow, bow'-wow, s. The bark of a dog; a child’s name for a dog. Boavvi:r,+ bo'-t/er, s. An archer; a maker of bows. Box, boiCj 5. A coffer or chest, either of wood, metal, or other matter; the q^uantity of any thing that a box ooiitains; an enclosed space Avith seats in a theatre, &c.; the case that contains the mariner’s compass; a money chest; a tree or shrub, constituting the genus Mixus^ or the wood of this tree ; a blow on the head with the hand; a cylindrical hollow iron used in wheels, in which the axle-tree runs; a hoUoAV tube in a pump, closed with a valve; the driver’s seat on a coach. — v.a. To inclose in a box; to furnish with boxes; to strike with the hand or fist, especially on the side of the head; to rehearse the several points of the compass in their proper order; to sail round; to make a hole or cut in a tree, to procure the sap. — v.n. To fight with the fists. Kox-coat, bor-koat, s. Au overcoat worn by coachmen. Box-dkain , boxf-drayjifS. An underground di'ain, boxed up on tlie sides and on the top, and covered with earth. Boxed, boxt, pp. of the verb to vox. Box-elder, box-el'-der^ s. The ash-leaved maple. Boxen, 6oar-n, a. Made of box-w^ood ; resembling box. BoxEa,6oar'-e>*,8. One who tights Avith his fists; a pugilist. •Boxhaul, box'-hau:l, v.a. To veer a ship in a particular manner in going from one tack to another. Boxing, box'ing, s. The art or act of fighting Avith the fists; a combat Avith the fists. Box-lobby. box'-lob'be,s. In a theatre, the lobby lead¬ ing to the boxes. Box-thorn, box^‘thorn,?.. A plant of the genusLyexum. liox-TREE, box'-tre, s. A tree or shrub of the genus Buxus. Box-wood, fco.B'-u’o'&ci, s. The Avood of the box-tree: it is fine-grained, and much esteemed by turners and en¬ gravers on account of its hardness. Bov, hoy, 8. A male child; a youth not yet arrived at the age of puberty; one in the state of adolescence; a lad ; also used in contempt for a young man. — v.a. To treat as a boy; to act as a boy. Botar, hoxf^ar, s. In Russia, Transylvania, &c.,a noble¬ man ; a lord; a person of quality. Bovad, boy'-o, s. ; pi. Bovatjx. In fortification, a ditch covered with a parapet. Bot-blind,$ boy'~o'ina, a. Undisceming, like a boy Boyer, boy-er,?.A. Flemish sloop,with a castle at eacli end. Boyhood, boy'-ho'bd, a. Tlie state of being a boy, or of immature age; youth; adolescence. Boyish, hoif-ish,a.. Belonging to a boy; childish; trilling; resembling a boy in manners or opinions; puerile. Boyishly, boy'‘ish-le,ad. Childishly ; in a boyish manner. Boyishness, boy'-ish-nes, s. Childishness ; the manners or behaviour of a boy ; youthfulness. BoYisM.6oy'-tsm,s. Childishness; puerility ;state of a boy. Boyn, ooyn, s. A vat or tub used in making cheese. Boy’s-play, boyz''pla, s. Childish amusement. Boyuna, bo-yu-nd, s. A large serpent of America. Bp. An abbreviation of bishop. Brabantine, hrrd-A:is^'-o-A:?*one, s. A curs'e'in which a body, descending by the force of gravity, moves tlirough a given space in the shortest time. BR.ACHYTYPODB,6r<7^-«-ftpe-MS,a. In of a short foim. Brachyur-ouSj brak-e-yu'-rus, a. Short-tailed; an epi¬ thet of a tribe of Crustacea, comprehending the crabs. BRAciNo, 6 mse'-mi 7 ,s.Actofbracing;stateofbeingbraced — a. Having the quality of giving strength or tone. Brace, t brak, s. A crack ; a breach ; a broken part. Bracken, fcmAi'-n, s. Fern* Brake. Bracket, brak'~et, s. An angular Avooden stay, in form of the knee bent, to support a shelf, &c.; a cramping- iron to stay timber-Avork; any small support against a wall for a figure, clock, lamp, &c.; the cheek of a mor¬ tar carriage, made of strong plank. In printing, hooks, inclosing one or more words, thus, [ ]. —v.a. To inclose in or connect by brackets. Brackish, a. Saltish; someAvhat salt. Brackishness, &ra 7 :'-ts 7 i-nes,s. Saltness in a small degree. Bracky.J hrak'-e, a. Brackish. Bract, Is. An irregularly deA'eloped leaf, Bractea, brak*-te-a, ) differing from other leaves in colour, groAving out from the peduncle of a floAver, and so near the flower as easily to be mistaken for the perianth. Furnished ,vith bracts. Bracteolate, hrak'-te-o-late, a. Having bracteoles. Bracteole, brak'-te~ole, s. A little bract. Bractless, braki'-les, a. In hot., destitute of bracts. Brad, brad, s. A kind of thin nail without a head. Brad-awl, brad'-awl, s. An awl to make holes for brads. Bradypoda, hrad-ip^-o-da, I s.pl. A family of Edentate Bradypods, brad*-e-pod%, / mammals, including the tAvo-toed and three-toed sloths. Bradypus, brad'-e-pus, s. The generic name of the sloth. Brae, bra, s. The declivity or slope of a hill; the bank of a river; a hill; a hilly district. {Scotch.) Brag, brag, v.n. To boast; to vaunt; to sAvagger. —8. A boast; the thing boasted ; a game at cards. BRAGGADOCio, 6 rrt< 7 -^'«-«o'-s 7 jc-o,s. Avain,boasting felloAv. BRAGGARDisM,6ray'-^ard-2ZJn,s. Boastfulness;vain,silly ostentation. Braggart, hrag'-gart, s. A boaster ; a vain fellow. —a. Boastful; A'ainly ostentatious. Bragger, brag'-ger, s. One Avho brags ; a boaster. Bragget, brag'-get, s. A kind of sAveet drink made by fermenting the Avort of ale Avith spice and honey. Bragged, hragcl, pp. of the verb to brag. Bragging, brag'-ging, s. Boastful language. Bragginglt, brag'-ging-Xe, ad. Boastingly. Bragless, brag'-les, a. 'Without a boast. Bragly,J brag'-le, ad. Finely; so as it may be bragged of. Brahma,) 6m'-w?o, s. The first person in the trinity of Brama, ) the Hindoos, the creator. The others are Vishnoo, the preserver, and Siva, the destroyer. Brahmaic, bra-ma'~ik, \ a. Pertaining to Brahma, or Brahmanic, bra-mayi'-ik,) to the Brahmins; Braminical. Brahmin, bra'-min,s. A Gentoo or Hindoo priest. The Brahmins constitute the highest of the four castes nf Hindostan, and represent the learned or sacerdotal chi^s BSAHMIWIOtL [ ns ] BEASS-VISAGED I g Brahuinical, hra-min'-ik-al, a. Pertaining to, or re lating to the Brahmins. Brahmimsm, hram’-in-izm^ s. The religion of the Brahmins. Braiu, braydy v.n. T? or infold several strands into one ; to plait, t lo reproach. See Upbrajd — 8. A kind of narrov'band or tape, formed by weaving together different strands, and much used as a trim- miug for women’s and cliildren's dresses ; X a start. — a. Crafty; deceitful ; hasty; fickle. Brail, brnyl, s. A piece of leather to bind up a hawk’s, wing; a small rope, used to draw up or furl a ship’s sail. — v.a. To brail up, is to haul up by the brails, or to truss up with the brails. Brain, hrayn, s. The soft, whitish mass, inclosed in the cranium or skull, in which the nerves and spinal mar¬ row tenninate,and which is regarded as theseatof the intelligent principle in man. Fig., the understanding • the affections ; fancy ; imagination. — -V .a. To dash out the brains; J to conceive, to understand. Brained, braynd, a. Having brains; intelligent. Brain-FEVER, Inflammation of the brain. Bbainish, 6rayw'-*6A,a. Hot-headed; furious. Brainless, brayn'-les, a. Silly ; thoughtless; witless. Bra IN p AN, brceyn'-pan, s. The skull containing the brain. Brainsick, 6raj/«'-5iA,a. Disordered in the understand¬ ing ; giddy; thoughtless. Brainsickly, brayn'-sik-le, ad. Weakly; with a dis¬ ordered understanding. Bbainsickness, brayn'-sik-nes. s. Disorder of the un¬ derstanding ; giddiness; indiscretion. Braird, hrayrd, s The spiinging up of seeds. — v.n. To spring up as seeds. Brait, brayt, s. Ajnong jewellers, a rough diamond. Brake,$ brake, pp. of to break: broke is now used. Brakp, s. a name given to various species of fern ; a place overgrown with brake, or with shrubs and bram¬ bles ; a thicket; an instrument to break flax or hemp; the handle or lever of a pump; a baker’s kneading- trough ; a sharp bit or snaffle ; a machine for confining refiraciory horses while shoeing them ; that part of the carriage of a movable battery or engine which enables it to turn ; a heavy haiTow for breaking clods. See Break. Brakeman, s. See Bbeakman. brake'-e, a. Full of brakes; rough ; thorny. Brama, br'd'-md. s. See Brahma. Bramble, bram-bl, s. prickly, wild shrub Bramble, bram'^blf Is. A Bramblinq. bram'-bling, ] finch. Bbambled, bram'-bld, a. Overgrown with brambles. BBAMBLE-NET,6ra7n'-51-7ici,8. Akind of net to catch birds. Brambly . bram'-ble, a. Full of brambles. Bramin, hram'-in, or br'd’-min, s. See Brahmin. Braminee, bram-in-e' ) ^ r. u • Braminess, brarn'~in-€8, | ® Brahmin. Braminical, brd-min'-ik-al, a. See Brabminical. BRAMiNisM,6raw'-in-tzm,s. Thereligion of the Bramins. Bean, fcmn, 8. The husks or outer coatsof ground corn, separated from the flour by bolting. Brancard, t brank'-ard, s. A litter borne by horses. Branch, braiitsh, s. The shoot of a tree ; a limb ; any arm or extended pari shooting or extended from the main body of a thing; any member or part of a body or system; a part,section, or subdivision ; any individual of a family descending in a collateral line; a chan¬ delier. In America, a warrant or commission given to a pilot. Branches 0 / a bridle, are two pieces of bent iron which bear the bit, the cross chains, and the cui-b. — v.n. To shoot or spread in branches; to ramify; to ■V.X.. ~ branch The blackbeiry bush; any rough, bird, the mountain , to make subordinate divisions; to adorn with needlework, re¬ presenting flowers and sprigs. Branched, pp. of the verb to branch. Branched-work, hrantsh^-wurk, 8. The sculptured leaves and branches in monuments and friezes. Brancher, branUh'-er, s. That which shoots forth branches; a young hawk or other bird when it begins to leave the nest and take to the branches. Branchery , brantsh'-er-e, s. The ramifications or rami¬ fied vessels dispersed through the pulpy part of fruit. Branchi^, brank'-e-e, s*pl. The gills or organs of re- spfration in fishes and certain other aquatic animals. Branchinbss, brantsh'-e-nes, s. Fulness of branches. Branching, brantsh'-ing, a. Furnished with branches; (d&ootinf out branches. Branchiopoda, hrank-e-op'-o-du, \ s,pl. An order ol Branchiopods, &ran*'-e-o-po Brazen, ft/ a' an, a. Made of brass; impudent— BrazcJi age, or age of brass, in mythology, the degenerate age which succeeded the silver age. — v.n- To be impudent; to bully. BuAZEN'BROwED,ftrrt'-zn-6roivd, a. Shameless; impudent. Brazen-face, bra'-zn-fase, s. An impudent person. Brazen-faced, ftra'-zn-Zai/si, a. Impudent; shameless. BR. 4 YCNLY, bra-zn-le, ad. In a bold, impudent manner, Brazenness, bra' zn-nes, s. Brassiness; appearance like brass; impudence; excess of assurance. Brazier, braze'-yer, 8. See Brasier Brazil Brazil —, . Brazil, and other tropical countries. , . , Brazilbtto, braz-il-et'-to, s. ^ Ah mfenor kind of Brazil¬ wood, brought from Jamaica. Brazilian, hra-ziV-yan, s. A native of Brazil. ER, braze -yer, 8. oee j5rasier. L brd‘Zil' ,OTorii‘zeel' ,\%. A heavy wood, used for L-wooD, br&-zil’-wfod, ] dyeing red, brought from Brazilian, brh-zir~yan, a. Pertaining to Brazil. Brazil-nut, ftrd-ziZ'-nwi, s. The nut or fruit of the Ber thoLletia excelsa, a large South American tree. Brazing, braz^-mg, s. The act of uniting metals by an alloy of brass and zinc. Breach, breetsh, s. The act of breaking, or state of being broken ; a rupture ; a break ; an opening; a gap, particularly in a fortification made by a battery; vio¬ lation of a law or contract; non-performance of amoral duty; infraction; infringement; injury ; misunder¬ standing ; quarrel and separation between friends; be¬ reavement ; affliction by loss of a friend. — v.a. To make a breach or opening, as in a wall. Breachful, breetsh'-ful, a. Full of Breaches. Breachy , breetsh'-e, a. Apt to break fences; unruly. Bread, bred, s. Food made of flour or ground com, mixed with water and yeast, and baked; food in gene¬ ral ; maintenance; support. —X v.a. To spread; to make broad. Bread-chipper, ftred'-isftipper,s. One who chips bread , a baker’s servant; an under butler. Bread-corn, ftred'-Aorn, s. Com of which bread is made. BREADEN,i‘ bred'-dn, a. Made of bread. Bread-fruit-tree, 8. The Artocanius, a tree of the South-Sea Islands. It grows to a apreat height, and produces a large, globular fruit, which, when roasted, forms an excellent substitute for bread. BREADLESSjftrtfa -ies,a. Without bread; destitute of food. Bread-room, bred'~7'ooin, s. An apartment in a ships hold, where the bread and biscuit are k^t. Breadstuff, s. Bread-corn; flour; meal.^ Breadth, ftrerfift, s. The measure or extentof any plain surface from side to side; width. Breadthless, hredth'-les, a. Having no breadth. Break, brake, v.a.; pret. broke, Jftrrrfte; pp. ftro&e, or broke 7 i. To part or divide by force and violence ; to rend apart; to burst or open by force; to shatter; to demolish; to destroy; to batter; to discolate; to dissipate the strength of; to weaken, or unpair; to crush ; to sub¬ due; to tame; to make tractable, to make bankrupt, to ruin ; to discard, dismiss, or cashier; to infringe ot violate, as a law, contract, or moral obligation ; to in¬ terrupt ; to stop ; to intercept; to lessen the force^ of; to part, or separate company; to dissolve an) union; to cause to abandon; to reform; to make a first dis¬ closure of opinions; to announce, as tidings; to frus¬ trate ; to prevent; to stretch,straimor r^ck.—’fobreak the hack, to disable one’s fortune.—To break bulk, to be¬ gin to unload.— To break cover, to come forth from a lurking place, as hunted game .—To break a deer, to cut it up at table.—To break gro7md, to plough ; to fflg ; to open trenches, to commence an undertaking.--To break the heart, toattiict grievously ; to destroy with grief.— To break tn,to tame ; to train^ or accustom to some par¬ ticular employment or service.— To break up, to dis¬ solve, or put an end to ; to open, or lay open ; to sepiw rale ■ to oisband.— To break upon the wheel, to stretch and break the bones by torture upon the wheel.—To break wind, to give vent to wind from the body. — v.n. To part; to separate; to divide in two; to burst to open ; to dash against, as waves; to show th# first light; to dawn; to burst forth; to utter or ex¬ claim ; to become bankrupt; to decline in health ana strength; to issue out with vehemence; to make way with violence or suddenness; to rush; to suffer an interruption of friendship; to fall out; to faint, flag, or pant.— To break in, to enter by force; to enter unexpectedly j to intrude.— To break loose, to esca^ from captivity; to shake off restraint.—ifo brerl. off, to desist suddenly.— To break oittj to issue forth; to discover itself by its effects ; to arise or spring up ; to appear in eruptions, as pustules; to throiv off restraint, and become dissolute.— To break up, to dissolve itself and separate..— To break with, to part in enmity. to cease to be friends. — s. A state of being open, or the act of separating, an opening made by force; an open place ; breach ; fail¬ ure ; a pause; an interruption ; a Ime m writing or printing, noting a suspension of the sense, or a stop in the sentence; the first appearance of fight in the morn¬ ing ; the dawn ; a drag or contrivance for retarefing or stopping the motion of wheels, particiUarly of railway and other heavy carriages, a strong- b^t carnage, ^ed for breaking in horses, and trammg thein to dra^ht a nroaection from, or recess in, the wall of a bunding. BLxxilLE°6rX'-d-W, a. Capa_hle of being broken. Breakage, hrak^-cye, s. A break^g , an allowance foi things broken in transportation. breaker [ 120 ] BREME ^ rock wliich Itself Which is broken; a Soatini?^p^-’^ river, to break noaiing ice; a destroyer. *reA'-/M5«, s. The first meal in the day: or the food eaten at the first meal. ^ * ■“/■“■ ’^2 the first meal in the day. v.a. To fm-nish ivith the first meal in the dav. hreic -/MS(-tnp, s. The act of taking breakfast; a party at breakfast. ° ®.- .The act of rending, of dissolv- limo* rt•p■^Q•^•rt I'V. f» at.. I^RIAKINtjt-iT^ I &c.; inroad ; invasion. s. In masonry,ov brick- «orA, the disposition of the stones or bricks in such a joints in the course imme- rae*b(meat 1™ ®“°ther shall not fall over those of the "'hose business it is to manage the break of a railway train. Brbakneck, brake’-nek, s. A fill that breaks the neck • a steep place endangering the neck. — a. Endangering the neck. BREAKPaojiisE,!: brake'-prom-is, a. One who makes a practice of breaking his promise. ^she?p^*^^^’ s- A disease or dian-hoca In BnEAKvow,t brakif-yow, s. One who breaks hla vows. ll^AKWATER, brake -waw-ter, s. Any mole, mound or wiiU raised, or any obstruction placed or sunk, at the or *dim^nisb ^.^“'^hstead, estuary, or harbom-, to break sliip™ng, &c.‘,Yn hartour. BaEAM,4™em,s. Afresh-waterfish,the Ct/printisdroma. .1 In 'iUM. /nim.,to burn off the filth,such as grass sea-weed ooze &c., from a ship’s bottom. ^ ’ Breamed, brecmd, pp. of the verb to breetn. ^ part of the human body, bo- orf'thJ. thn i II'C soft protuberance in a nipple, and which in females furnishes milk for infants ; the bosom rthe Which answers to the breast in man. of the mufa ’ i I'lg Conscience; the disposition °S ’ Ihc sent of the affections and passions. fTlo’. t eppese breast to breast; to meet in front; to m,t t’hfrf“P “ is to cut the face or side of it. o , = 8. The sternum, or flat bone in the fore part of the thorax. IJREASTCASKET, brest'-kiisk-et, s. The lar£?est and lnnf>P«t of the caskets on the middle of the yard of a ship5 a. Up to the breast. ^ Having a broad breast; having’ a capacious chest, and a fine voice. ^sfde^riseTo*rwh,rf' ®' ^ ‘■“P® confine a ship sidewise lo .i wharf or quay, or to another shin. Bream-HIGH, /ji-est -hi, a. High as the breast. Erea-sthooks, bresf-hObks, s.pl. The timbers placed across the stem of a ship, to strengthen the fore part. s. An ornament or knot of xibbons worn on the breast. ' “ *rc8f'-pin, s. An ornamental pin worn in the breast of the shirt or neckcloth; a brooch Breastplate, bresf-plate, s. Armour for the breast ■ a strap that runs across a horse's breast. In Jetoish an- ttqmty, a part of the vestment of the liigh-priest. IJrbastplough, brcst'-ploiv, s. A. liind of small nlmio-h propeHed by the hands, used to cut or pare tur^ ^ ^ Breastrope, brest'-rope, s. In o ship, breastropes are those which fasten the yards to the parrels. ^ Breastsummer, ftres^-sHWi-tner, s. See Bressummer. -/ucee/, s. A water-wheel, which level^Tits iibout half its height, or at the Breastwork, bresf-n:urk, s. In foH., a work thrown up breast-high to afford protection against the shot of an enemy; a parapet. Breath, The air inhaled and expelled in the respiration of animals; life; power of breathing freelv • i Oic time of a single respiratioi | breathe ; breeze; ail- in gentle motion: a single act; an instant; a word. Bheathaiu.e, 6re,s. Aplaceto pause at, Breathing-pore, 6reeth'-»n^i'-?^or«, s. A microscopis aperture in the cuticle of plants. Breathing-time, breeth-itiff-time, s. Time for breath mg; pause; relaxation; rest. Breathless, breth'~les, a. Out of breath; spent with labour or violent action; dead Breathlessness, breth'-les-nes, s. The state of being ex¬ hausted of breath. Breccia, bretsh'-ya, s. A kind of pudding-stone; a rock composed of angular fragments of the same, or oi dirterent minerals, united by a cement, and presentliitj a variety of colours. “ Brecciated, bretsh'-ya-ted, a. Consisting of anguiai fragments, cemented together. ” Bred, bred, pp, of the verb to breed. Brbde4 breed, s. A braid. Bredsore, bred'-sore, s. A whitlow, or a sore coming without a wound or visible cause. Breech, hritsh, or breeUh. The lower part of the body $ br^cAe^^ part of a gun or of any thing eisp ; breeches; to whip on the breecb to fui'iush or fasten with breecliing. Breech-band, britsh'-band, s. Part of the harness of a caiTiage horse : see Breeching. Breeched, britsht, pp. of the verb to breech. Breeches, britsh'-ez, s.pl. A garment worn by ns n covermg the hips and thighs.—To wear the breeches u' m the wife, to usurj) the authority of the husband. Breeching, s. A whipping; that part os a harness which comes round the breech of a horse- ropes with which cannon are hushed to the sides of a ship, to prevent their running back. Breed, breed, v.a.; pret. and pp. bred. To procreate; to generate; to engender; to hatch; to multiply ; to occa¬ sion ; to produce ; to cause ; to originate; to contrive * to produce by plotting; to give birth to; to educate; to mrm by education; to nurse and foster; to take care of from infancy ; to bring up; to rear. — v.n. To bear and nouidsh, as in pregnancy; to be generated, or to grow, as young before birth; to have birth; to be produced; to multiply; to be increased by a new production: to raise a breed.-—To breed in and tn, to breed from animals of the same stock, and very nearly related. — s. A race or progeny from the same parents or stock • a cast; a kind; progeny; offspring; a number pro duced at once ; a hatch; a brood. ^ Breed-bate,J hreed'-bate, s. One who breeds quarrels. Breeder, breed -er, s, A female that is prolific; the person who educates or brings up another; a pro¬ ducer ; one who raises a particular breed, or breeds Breeding, breed'-mg, s. The act of generating or of nro- ducing; the raising of a breed or breeds; nurture education; instruction ; manners; qualification. QqoA breeding, is politeness. Breeding-sore, breed'-ing-sore, s. A whitlow Breeze, j ^ stingmg fiy, the gad-fly. Breeze, hreez, s. A light wind; a gentle gale, small ashes and cinders, used in the burning of pric ks , in pop. latig., disturbance; commc-vion; not. — v.n. Among seamen, to blow gently. Breezelrss, k.-ecz'-ies, a. Destitute of breezes; vert calm; motionless. ' Breezy, brecz'-e, a. Panned with gentle winds oi breezes; subject to frequent breezes; full of gales. ijREHON, hre-hon, s. In Irish antiquity a jud^e. There was one to each tribe, and his judgments were given in tlip open air on the tops of hills. The ISrehonlaws were tlie unwritten common laws of Ireland. l.REisLAKrrE, io-ees'-W-Atle, s. A t'esuvian mineral B.REME4'frj'rvMn a. Cruel ; sh. 1:0 BEEF [ 121 ] BEIEFLES:! brfifi, y .a. To bum. BaENNAQH, hreti'-nqje, 8. A tribute anciently paid by tenants to their lord, in lieu of bran, which they were obliged to furnish for his hounds. UaBNTjt ftrcnt, pp. Burnt. — a. Steep; high. — 8. A brant, or brand-goose. BRBPHOTROPHr,6re-/o^'-ro-/(?,s. The nurture of orphans. Bbesstjmmbb, bras' sum-merj 1 8. In arch.f a beam Brestsummer, brest-sum-mer, | placed horizontally to support an upper wall or partition. Brest, | 6resi, s. In arc^., the moulding or member of Breast, j a column, more usually called the torus. Bret, hret^ s. A local name of a fish of the turbot kind. BRETruRji; bret'-ficl, a. Brimful. Brethren, 6reth'-rcn,s.pl. One of the forms of the plural of Brother. Brothers is generally used to denote the male children of the same parents, and Brethren raem- bcrsof the same profession, society, or persuasion. In solemn and Scriptural language, Bremren is invari¬ ably used in addressing a congregation, men being regarded as all of one family. Bbbttices, href-te-seez, s.pl. The name given by miners to the wooden supports of the roof of a coal mine. Breve, breev, s. In old music, a note or character of time equal to two semibreves. In law, see Brief. Brevet, bre-vef, or brev'-et, s. A commission to an officer, which entitles him to an honorary rank in the army above his actual rank and pay; a patent; a war¬ rant without a seal. Brevet, brev'-et, a. Taking rank by brevet. Bk£\e'£C'i ,brev'-et-8e,s. The rank or condition of a brevet. BRzriA.n\,breev'-yd~re,orhrev'-yd-re,s. An abridgment; a compend; an epitome; a book containing the daily service of the RoTl)a^». Catholic Church. BRB\i±T,-fbre'-ve-a( d. A short compend; a sum- BRBYiATBfi’bre'-ve-ate,j mary; a lawyer’s brief. Brbviate,^ br^-ve-ate, v.a. See Abbreviate. Breviature,$ bre'-ve-d-tyur, s. An abbreviation. Brevicitb, brev'-e-site, s. A white zeolitic mineral. Brevier, ore-veer' , s. A small kind of printing type, in size between bourgeois and minion. Brbviloqubnce, bre-vil'-o-kwens, s. A brief and per¬ tinent mode of speaking; conciseness in speech. Brbviped^ bretf-e-ped, a. Having short legs. — s. A bird having short legs. Brevipen, brev'-e-pen, s. One of an order of graliatory birds, having short wings, as the ostrich and cassowary. Brevipennate, hrexf-e-pen -note, r. Having short wings. Brevity, hrexf-e-te, s. Briefness; shortness; concise¬ ness; succinctness. Brew, brew^ v.a. To boil, and mix; to make beer; to prepare liquors from malt and hops; to mingle; to contrive; to plot; fto put in a state of preparation. •— v.n. To be m a state of preparation ; to be forming or collecting; to perform the business of brewing. — 9. The mixture formed by brewing. Brbwagb. s. Something brewed; a mixture. Brewed, brewd, pp. of the verb to breiv. Brewer, brew'-er, s. One who brews; one whose trade is to prepare and vend malt liquors. Brewery, fcrew'-er-e, Is. A building appropriated Brewhouse, / to brewing. Brew ing, hrew'-ing, s. The act or process of preparing liquors from malt and hops; the quantity brewed at once; a collection of black clouds portending a storm. BaEwiSji- brew'-is, s. Broth; a piece of bread soaked in boiling fat pottage, made of salted meat. Brewsterite, brews-ter-ite, s, A silicious mineral. Briar, bri'-er, s. See Krier. Briarban, bri-a'-re-an, a. Many-handed. BRiAHKus,6r*-a'-re-Ms,s. In tny^A., a giant who had fifty heads and one hundred arms. Bribe, bribe, s. A reward, gift, or favour bestowed or promised, with a view to pervert the judgment, or cor¬ rupt the conduct of any person; that which seduces. — v.a. To give or promise a bribe to; to gain, per¬ suade, influence, or corrupt by a bribe. Bribed, bribd, pp. of the verb to bribe. Bribeless, bribe'-les, a. That can not be bribed; that is not bribed; free from bribery. Briber, bribe'-er, s. One who bribes. Bribery, bribe'-er-e,s. The act or crime of giving or taking bribes. Brick , Brik, s. A sort of factitious stone, extensively used in building. It is composed of an argillaceous earth, formed into an oblong square in a mould, and hardened by drying in the sun andafterwards burning in a clamp w kiln. Among &aft£rf,aloaf of bread shaped like a brick. Brick, &r«A, v.a. To lay cr pave with bricks; tc imitate or counterfeit a brick wall on plaster. Brickbat, brik'-bat, s. A piece or fragment of a brick Brickbuilt, brik'-bilt, a. Built with bricks. Brickclay, brik'-kla, ) s. Clay or earth used or suit Brickearth, ) able for making bricks. Brickdust, brik'-dust. s. Dust of pounded bricks. Bricked, pp. or the verb to Brick. Brickkiln, brtW^il, s. A kiln for burning bricks. Bricklayer, brik'-layer, s. One whose occupation is to build with bricks; a mason. Bricklaying, brik'-la-ing, s. The art of building with bricks. BricklEjJ 6nA:'-A:l, a. Brittle; easily broken. Bricklbness,^: 8 . I^agility; brittleness. Brickmakbr, hril^-make-er, s. One who makes bricks. Brick-nogoinq, brik'-nog-ging, s. In arch., brickwork carried up and fitted in between timber framing. Brick-trimmer, brik'-trim-mer, s. In arch., a brick arch built against a wooden trimmer, in front of a fire-place, to prevent accidents by fire. Brickwork, brik'-wurk, s. The art of laying bricks, the part of a building formed of bricks. Brickyard, brik'-yard, s. A place where bricks are made. Bricky, brik'-e, a. Full of, formed of, or fit for bricks. Bridal, bride'-al, a. Belonging to a wedding; nuptial. — s. A nuptial festival j a wedding. BridaltYjI s. Celebration of a nuptial feast. Bride, bnde. s. A woman newly married or about to be married. —+ v.a. To make a wife of; to marry. . Bridebed, bride'-bed, s The marriage-bed. Bridecake, bride'-kake, s. A kind of rich cake made for distribution to the guests at a wedding. Bridechamber, hrM-tshame-ber, s. The nuptial apart¬ ment. Brided, hridef-ed, a. Made a bride. Bridegroom, bride'-groom, 8 . A man newly married, or a man about to be married. Bridemaid, bride'-mayd, Is. A woman who attends Bride’s-maid, bridz'-mayd, / on a bride at her wedding. Brideman, bridef-man, 1 s. A man who attends upon Beidb’s-man^ hr\dz'-man,) a bridegroom and bride at their marriage. Bride’s-stakb, bridz'-stake, s. A stake post set in the ground to dance round at nuptials. Bridewell, brid^-wel, s. A house of correction for dis¬ orderly persons: so called from the palace built near St. Bride's or Bridget's well, in London, which was turned into a hospital and penitentiary. Bridge, bridj, s. A structure raised over a river, lake, canal, road, &c., to connect the opposite sides, anci form a passage across; the supporter of the strings of certain musical instruments; the two pieces of timber ■which go between the two transoms of a gun-carriage. The bridge of the nose, is the upper part of it. — v.a. To build a bridge or bridges over; to erect bridges on; to make a passage by a bridge or bridges* Bridged, bridjd, pp. of the verb to bridge. Bridge-head, bricy'-hed, s. A fortification covering the extremity of a bridge nearest the enemy: it is more commonly called a tite de pont. Bridgeless, bridj'-les, a. Having no bridge. Bridqy,± bridj'-e, a. FuU of bridges. Bridle, ori'-dl, s. The instrument, consisting of a head stall, bit, and reins, with which a horse is governed and restrained by a rider; a restraint; a curb; a check; a short piece of cable attached to a swivel on a chain, laid in a harbour, and the upper end drawn into a ship, and secured to the bitts. — v.a. To put a bridle upon; to guide by a bridle; to check; to restrain; to govern; to repress. — v.n. To hold up the head, and draw in the chin. Bridled, hri'-dld, p]i. of the verb to bridle. Bridle-hand, bri-dl-hand, s. The hand which holds the bridle in riding; the left hand. Bridler, bri'-dler, s. One who bridles or restrains. Bridle-way, bri'-dl-wa, s. A path for horsemen. Bridoon, hrid-oon', s. A light snaffle or bit of a bridle, in addition to the principal bit, having a distinct rein. Brief, breef, a. Short; concise ; contracted; trife. — s. An epitome; a short or concise writing; a sum¬ mation in writing; a papal rescript; a letter patent authorizing a collection or charitable contribution of money in churches for any public or private pui-pose. In laze, an abridgment of a client’s case made out for the instruction of counsel; also, a writ, summoning a man to answer to any action. Briefless, Brse/'-ies, a. Having no brief. BEIEFLY [ 122 ] BEOACH Exiefly, br»er-lt, ad. Concisely; in few words; quickly. Bbiefmxh. breef-martf s. One who makes a brief; a copier oi a manuscript. Beietness, s. Shortness; conciseness. Brier, bri'-er, s. A prickly plant or shrub; the bram¬ ble ; a wild species of the rose. Bribrbd, hri'~erd, a. Set with briers. Briert, a. Full of briers; rough; thorny. — 8. A place where briers grow. Brig, brig, s. A small vessel with two masts, square- rigged ; +a bridge; X ^ tovra or burg. Briga.de, bre-gad^', s. A division of troops, whetner cavalry or infantry, regular or militia, commanded by a brigadier. It consists of an indeterminate number of regiments, squadrons, or battalions. A brigade of horse is a body of eight or ten squadrons ; of inlantry, four, five, or six battalions, or regiments. — v.a. To form into a brigade, or into brigades. Brigade-major, bre~gade'-ma'-jer, s. An officer who assists the brigadier in the management of his brigade. Brigadier, s. A genera) officer who com¬ mands a brigade. He ranks next below a major-gene¬ ral, and is often styled a brigadier-general. Brigand, 6rtgr'-and, 8. A robber; a highwayman. Brigandage, brig'-and~aje, s. Theft; robbei’y; plunder. Brioandine, brig'-an-din or -ditie, s. A coat of mail._ Brigantine, brtg'-an-ti7i or -tine,8. A light, swift-sail¬ ing vessel, rigged as a brig. See Brig. Bright, brite, aT Shining ; full of light and splendour; brilliant; luminous; transparent; glittering; clear; evident; resplendent with charms; sparkling; ani¬ mated ; illustrious; glorious; witty ; ingenious ; pos¬ sessing an active mind ; promising good or success. Brighten, hri'-tn, v.a. Tu make bright or brighter; to make to shine; to make luminous; to make gay; to cheer up; to make illustrious; to make acute or witty. ' - v.n. To grow bright, or more bright; to clear up. Brightened, bt‘i'~t7ia, pp. of the verb to brighten* Bright-eyed, brit^~ide, a. Having bright eyes. Bright-hded, brite'-hewd. a. Having a bright colour. Brightly, ad. Splendidly; with lustre. _ Brightness, brit^-7ies, s. The state of being bright; splendour: lustre; brilliancy; clearness; acuteness. Brightshining, a. Shining brightly. Brigose,! bre-gose’, a. Contentious. Brioue,$ breeg, s. A cabal; intrigue ; strife ; quarrel. — t v.a. and n. To canvass ; to solicit. Brill, bril, s. A fish somewhat resembling the turbot. Brillante, bril-lnfif-a, (Ital.) In Tnusic, in a gay and lively manner. Brilliance, 6ra'-yrtns, Is. Lustre; splendour; glit- Brilliancy, bril'-yan-se, j ter. Brilliant, hril'-yant, a. Shining; sparkling ; splendid. — 8. A diamond of the finest cut, formed into a number of facets, 80 as to refract the Ught, and display great brilliancy; fa high-spirited horse. Brilliantly, ad. Splenffidly. BRiLLiANTNE8S,+ 6rtr-yatti-wfis,s. Brilliancy; splendour. Brills, brilz, s. The hair on the eyelids of a horse. Brim, brim, s. The rim, lip, or broad border of any ves¬ sel or other thing ; the upper edge of any vessel; the top; the edge or brink of a foimtain or river; th e verge. —± a. Public ; well-known ; celebrated. — v.a. To fill to the top. — v.n. To be full to the top. !BRiMFiLL,t v.a. To fill to the top. Brimful, hrim'-ful, a. Full to the top ; completely full. BRiMruLNEss,$ brim’-ful-nes, s. Fulness to the top. Brimless, bri77t'-les, a. Having no brim. Brimmed, brimd, pp. of the verb to brim. Baimmer, brim'-7ner, 6. A bowl full to the top._ Brimming, brim'-tning, a. Full to the top or br^. Brimstone, brim'-stone, s. Sulphur; a hard, brittle, in¬ flammable substance, of a lemon-yellow colour. Brimstony , brim'-sto7ie-e, a. Full of brimstone, or con¬ taining it; resembling brimstone ; sulphurous. Brinded, briyi'-ded, \ a. Marked with spots; haying Brindled bt^n'-dld, | different colours ^ streaked; tabby. Brindle, hri7i'-dl, s. The state of being brindled. Brine 6rtne. s. Water Impregnated with salt; the ocean or sea; tears, so called from their saltness. — v.a. To steep in brine; to mix salt with. Brinepan, briiT-e'-pdiif s. A pit of salt water, where, by the action of the sun, salt is formed by crystaUization. Brinepit, brined-pxt, s. A pit or well of salt water. Brinbsprinq, bTdne-spring, s. A spring of salt water. Bring, brtjig, v.a.; prct. and pp. brought. To fetch; to •bear convey, or lead from a distant to a nearer place, or to a person; to produce; to procure as a cause; to attract or draw along; to cause to come; to indue© j to prevail upon .—To brmg about, to bring to pass; to effect .—To brhig back, to recall .—To bri7ig dowu, to re¬ duce ; to humble or abase; to impoverish.—To bring forth, Co give birth to; to produce; to bring to light, to disclose.—To brmg in, to import; to introduce; to place in a particular condition; to produce; to induce to join,or accede to.—To bring off, to procure to be ac¬ quitted ; to clear from condemnation; to cause to escape. —To brmg on, XX) cause to begin; to originate or cause to exist; to aid in advancing.—To brmg over, to convert; to cause to change sides, or an opinion.—To brmg out, to introduce; to exhibit, or cause to exhibit; to publish, to expose; to detect.—To brmg to, in navigatio7i, to check the course of a ship.—To bring U7ider. to subdue; to restrain; to reduce to obedience.—To brmg up, to nurse; to educate; to feed and clothe; to cause to ad¬ vance near. In navigatio7i, to cast anchor. Bringer, bring'-er, s. One who brings, or conveys to.— Bringer-m, the person who introduces.—JS/'ing'er-Mjf, an instructor; one who feeds, clothes, and educates. Brinish, ferine'-i«A. a. lake brine ; saltish. Brinishness, brine'-ish-yies, s. Quality of being saltish Brink, brink, s. The edge, margin, or border of a steep place, as of a precipice ] verge. Briny, fert'-ne,a. Partaking of the nature of brine; salt. Brioninb, feri'-o-ntn, s. See Bryonine. Briony, bri'-o-7xe, s. See Bryony. Brisk, brisk, a. Active; lively ; full of spirit; quick; nimble; gay; sprightly; prompt, effervescing, a* liquors; burning freely; -i-vivid, bright, v a To make brisk Brisket, brisk'-et, s. The breast of an animal; w* that part or the breast that lies next to the ribs. Briskly, feris*'-i«, ad. In a brisk manner; actively. Briskness, briskf-nes, s. Liveliness; vigour in action quickness ; gayety ; vivacity ; effervescence of liquors Brisk up, brisk' up, v.a. To enliven ; to animate. — v.n. To come up with life and speed; to take an. erect or bold attitude ; to assume spirit. Bristle, bris'-sl, s. The stiff, glossy hair of swine, especially that growing on the back, or similar hair on other animals; a species of hairy pubescence on plants. — v.a. To erect as bristles; to fix a bristle or bristles to — v.n. To rise or stand erect as bristles; to raise the head and strut, as in anger or defiance. Bristle-armed, bris'-sl-armd, a. Armed with bristles. Bristle-bearing, bris'-sl-bare-mg, a. Having bristleSr Bristled, brW-sld, pp. of the verb to bristle. Bristle-like, bris'-st-like. a. Stiff as a bristle. Bristle-shaped, ferts'-si-srtwypi,a. Resembling a bristle , of the thickness and length of a iDristle. Bristliness, bris'-sle-7ies, s. Quality of being bristly. Bristly, bris'-le. a. Thick set with bristles, or with hairs like bristles; rough; angry- B&iSToij-Tijoyi'E'Rfbri^-tul-fioio'-er, s. A species of Lych¬ nis, bachelor’s button, or catch-fly. Bristol-stont;, bris -tul-stone. ) s. Small, _bril- Bristol-diamond, bris'-tul-di-d-mund, i liant pieces of quartz, or rock-crystal,found in a rock near Bristol BRIT,feri^, s. A small fish of the herring kind. Britannia-mbtal^ bre-ta7i'-7ie-d-met'-tl, s. A metallic compound, consisting chiefly of block-tin, with some antimony, and a small proportion of copper and brass. Britannic, bre-tan'-nik, a. British. Britcb , briish^ v.a. and s. See Breech. Britching, brxtsh'-ing, s. See Breeching. Britchka, britsh'-ka, s. See Britzska. Brite, \ brite, v.n. To be or become over-ripe, as Bright, J wheat, barley, hops, &c. British, brxt'-xsh, a. Pertaining to Britain, or Great Britain, or its inhabitants. British gum, brit'-ish gum,s. A gum made from starch, used for stiffening goods. Briton, feri«'-un,s. A native of Britain. —$ a. British. Brittle, brit'-tl. a. Apt to break ; fragile ; not tough. Brittlely, ferti'-ii-ie, ad. In a brittle manner. Brittleness, briif-tl-nes, s. Aptness to break ; fragility. Britzska, brW-kd, s. A kind of open, four-wheeled car¬ riage, with a calash top, and shutters to close at plea¬ sure, and having space sufficient for reclming at leugtli when used for a journey. Briza, brx'-zd,s. A plant, spelt wheat, or quakingCTass. Brize, ferize, 8. The gad-fly, sec Breeze. Jh agricxilturet land that has long lain untOled. Broach, broatsh, s. A spit; an awl; a bodkin i a mu^* cal instrument; a clasp to fasten a vest, see Brooch a start of the head of a young stag; % a spire. BEOAOH [ 123 ] BRONZE Broach, IroaUhy v.a. To spit ; to pierce, as -writh a spit ; to tap; to pierce, as a cask, in order to draw off the liquor' tto any store; to let out; to utter; to tell; t(' public first. Among nuisons^ to rough-hew. — To br.'^ack to, in navgiation, is to incline suddenly to •windward. Broached. 6rortisA«, pp. of the verb to broach. Broacher, broatsh-er, s. A spit; one who broaches, opens, or utters; a first publisher. Broad, hraivd, a. Wide; extended in breadth: exten¬ sive ; vast; open; clear; uiiconfined; not restricted in sense or application; comprehensive; bold; plain; f ross. coarse ; fulsome ; indelicate; obscene.—Zi is as road as it is long, means it is equal on the whole. BaoAD-AWAKE, brawd'-d~toake, a. Fully awake. Broad- AXE,6rawd'-rtx^ s. An ancient military weapon; an axe for hewing timber. Broad-blown, braicd'-blone, a. Pull blown. Broadcast, hrau:d'-kdst,s. In agric,,the sowing of seed b} casting or thi-owing it from the hand at large. — T.a. To sow seed with the hand extended. — a Sown by the hand at large; opposed to planting in drills or rows. — ad. By scattering or throwing at large from the hand. Broadcloth, brawd'-kloth, s. A fine kind of wooUen cloth, so called from its breadth. Broad-eyed, brawd'-ide, a. Having a wide survey. Broaden ,t brawd'-n, v.n. To grow broad. — v.a. To make broad; to increase in breadth. Broad-horned, brawd'-horndy a. Having wide-spread horns. Broadish, hrawd’-ishy a. Rather broad. Broadly , brawd'-le, ad. In a broad manner. Broadness, brawd'-nes, s. Breadth; extent from side to side; coarseness; grossness; fulsomeness. Bhoad-piece, hrawd-pees, s. An English gold coin cur¬ rent in the reigns of James I. and Charles I. It was larger and broader than a guinea, and worth about 24». Broad-seajl, brawd'-seel, s. The great seal of England; the public or official seal of a government. —X v.a. To stamp or sanction with the broad-seal. Broadshocldered, brawd'-shoaV-derdy a. Broad across the shoulders; strong. Broadside, brawd'-side, s. The side of a ship; a simul¬ taneous discharge of all the guns on one side of a ship. —In printrng, a sheet of paper printed on one side only, and containing one full page. Broad-sighted, brawa'-site-ed, a. Having a wide view: seeing far. Broadspread, brawd’-spredy a. Wide-spread. BROAD8PRBADiNG,frmw;rf'-sprcroom'’-mpe,8. The Orobanche, or Strangle- weed, a genus of British perennial epiphyte plants. Broomstaff, broom'-st'df, ) s. Tlie staff or handle of a Broomstick, broom'-stik, ) broom. Broomy , 6room'-^ a. Full of broom; consisting of broom. BROosE,fcroos,8. in a race at country weddings. Brosb, arose, s. A Scotch dish made by pouring boiling water on oatme:il. BaosENi 6ro'-«n, a. Burned. Broth, oroiA, s. Liquor in which flesh has been boiled. Brothel, feroth'-ri, Is. A house for lovd- Brothel-hotjse, broth'-el-hows, j ness ; a house appro¬ priated to the purposes of prostitution. Brotheller, broth'-el-ler, s. One who frequents brothels. Brothelrt,$ &roth'-ri-re, 8. LeWdness; obscenity. Brother, 6rttth'-tfr, 8.; pi. Brothers, or Brethren. A male bom of the same parents; any one closely luiited; one who resembles another in foi-m or manners; an associate; one of the same profession, society, or de¬ nomination; a fellow-Christian; a fellow-creature. Brothzr-oeuman, bruth-er-je7''->mcn, s. A brother by the same father and mother, in contradistinction to a uterine brother, or one by the same mother only. BaoTHeKHOOD, bruth'-er-hdhd, s. The state or quality of being a brother; a fraternity ; an association; a class of men of the same kind, profession, or occupation. Brother-in-law, bruth'-er-in-law, s. The brother of a husband or wife, or the husband of one's sister. Erotherless, bruth'-eT-les, a. ■Vl’’ithout a brother. Brotherlikb, bruth'-er-likf, a. Becoming a brother. Brotheruness, bruth.'-er-lc-nes, s. State of being bro¬ therly. Brotherlovb, bruth'-er-luv, s. Brotherly affection. Brotherly, bruth'-er-le, a. Such as is natural for bro¬ thers; such as beseems a brother; kind ; affectionate. — ad. As a brother; with kindness and affection. Brought, brawt, nret. and pp. of the verb to bring. Brow, brow, s. The prominent ridge over the ere; the hair that covers the brow, forming an arch, called the tye-brow; the forehead; the general air of the coun¬ tenance ; the edge of a precipice, hill, or any high l.ace; a fringe of coppice, adjoining to the hedge of a eld.—To knit the brows, is to fi’own. —^ v.a. To bound; to limit. i>Row-AXTLBR,6roM»'-a»^-/er, s. The first Shoot or branch of a deer’* horn, next the head. Browbeat, brow’-beet, v.a. To depress or bear down with stem and haughty looks, or ivith angry and aiTogant speech; to humble; to bully. Browbeaten, brow'-be-tn, pp. of the ve^'b to browbeat. Browbeating, brow'-beet-ing, s. The act of depressing another by stem looks, or by angry and haughty Ian guage. Browbound, broto'-bownd, a. Crowned. Browlbss, brow'-les, a. 'VVithout shame. Brown, brown, a. Dusky; of a dark or dusky colour, inclining to redness — 8. A colour, of various shades, resulting from a mix¬ ture of red, black, and yellow. — v.a. To make brown or dusky. Brownbill, brown'-hil^ s. A weapon fonnerJy used by the English foot-soldiers. Brow'n coal, brown' koal, s. "Wood coal or lignite, Brownie, ftrottJn'-€,s. In a good-natured spirit, formerly supposed to haunt old houses by night. Browning, The process by wliich a browL. colour is imparted to various articles of iron, es-pe- cially gun-barrels. Brownish, fcj’ow’rt'-iiiA, a. Somewhat brown. Brownism, hrow7i'-izni,s. The doctrines of the Brownisls. Brownist, brow7i'-ist, s. A follower of Robert Brown, who, towards the close of the 16th century, held tliat each local church lias tbe power to govern itself, and is absolutely independent of every other church. These sectarians arc now called Independents. Brownness, brown'-nes, s. A bro>vn colour. Brown-spar, broicn'-spar, s. A magnesian carbonate of lime, tinged by oxide of iron and manganese. Brown-study, orown'-stnd-e, s. Gloomy meditation, deep study; reverie ; dull thoughtfulne Brownwort, brown'-tvurt, s. A plant, Prunella; a spe¬ cies of Scrophularia, the vernaiis, or yellow figwort. BRowNYjj: feroit'n'-e, a. Brown. Brow-post, brow'-poasi, s. Among builders, a beam that goes across a building. Browse, broioz, v.a. To eat the ends of the branches of trees and slu’ubs, or the young shoots, as cattle, &c. —v.n. To feed on the shoots of sMubs and trees, ascattle. Browse, brows, or browz,s. The tender branchesof trees and shrubs, fit for the food of cattle and other animals Browser, browz'-er, s One that browses. Browse-wood, hrotvs'-tvdod, s. Shi’ubs and bushes on which animals browse. BRowsiCKji a. Dejected; melancholy. Browsing, browz'-ing, s. The act of feeding on shrubs BRucHU8,&rM'-A:MS,s.A genusofsmall coleopterous insects. Brucia, onZ-se-d, Is. A vegetable alkaloid, extracted Brucin A, bru'-sc-7x(i, > from the bark of the false Angus- Brucine, or Strychnosnux vomica. It is very bitter and poisonous. Brucite, bru'-site^ s. A native hydrate of magnesia, a white, pearly mineral, otherwise called chondrodite. Bruin, s. A cant name for a bear. Bruise, bruze, v.a. To crush by beating or pounding witii an instrument not edged or pointed; to hurt, break, or injure, by a blow, fall, or squeeze ; to contuse. —s. A hurt with a blunt or heavy instrument; a contusion. Bruised, hrewzd, pp. of the verb to bruise. Bruiser, bruze'-er, s. The person or thing that bruises, a concave tool for grinding the specula of telescopes,. In vulgar lang., a boxer. ERuisEwoRT,6»’«3c'-iiJuri,s.Aplant,aspeciesofsoapwon. Bruising, bruze'-ing. s. The act of crushing, lii pop. lang., a beating or Doxing; the art of boxing. Bruit, s. Report; rumour; fame. — v.a. To report; to noise abroad. Brumal, bru'-mal, a. Of or belonging to the winter. BRt;MALiA,6ru-mfT'-?e-d,s.pl. Ancient feasts in honour of Bacchus, celebrated during winter time. Brume, 6r«mc, s. Mist; fog; vapours. BRUN^ibrun, s. A river cr stream. Brunet, \ bru-net',$. A woman, with a brown or dark Brunette, j complexion. Brunion, brun'-yun, s. A sort of fruit between a plum and a peach. Brunswick-green, ^)> un2'-M.‘tA;-t7reen, s. A pigment or colour composed of one pan of chloride of copper and three parts of oxide of copper. Brunt, orwnf, s. The heat or violence of an onset or a contest; shock; violence; blow ; a sudden effort. Brush, brushy s. An instrument for cleaning by sweep- ing or rubbmg, generally made of biistles set in wood a large kind of hair pencil used by painters; brush¬ wood ; the small trees and shrubs of a wood; a thicket BEUSHED [ 125 ] BUOESTALL 'B. gxirmifia, a slight encounter; a quarrel, a rude as¬ sault ; a busily tall, particularly that of a fox. In elec¬ tricity ^ the luminous appearance of electric matter. — v.a. To clean, sweep, or rub with a brush; to strike or touch slightly in passing; to paint with a bnish; to pass over with a light contact; to cany away by an act like that of brushing. —Y.n. To move with haste; to fly over; to «kim lightly. Brushed, brusht, pp. of the verb to brush. Brusher, brush'-evy s. One who brushes. Brushet, brush'-et, s. See Bdsket. Brushiness, The quality of being brushy. Brushing, brush'-ing, s. A rubbing or sweeping. — a. Brisk; light. Brushlikb, brush'-like^ a. Hesembling a brush. Brush-wheels^ brush'-hweelz, s.pl. Wheeis which turn each other without coggs or teeth. The rubbing sur- feces are often covered with stiff hairs; sometimes with woollen cloth, or buff leather. Brushwood, brush'-wdtd, s. Rough, low, close thickets; underwood; branches of trees cut off. Brushy, brush'-e, a. Rough or shaggy, like a brush. Brush, 1 briisk, a. Rude; rough ; uncivil; abrifcpt in Brusuue, / manner. y Brussels-sprouts, brus'-selz-sprowtSi s.pl. Small green heads, each a cabbage in miniature, which sprout forth from an upright stem or stalk. Brustle, 6rMs'-sL v.n. Tocraclde; to rustle; to bully. Brustled, 6rMs'-sm, pp. of the verb to brustle. BrctjJ v.n. ToWowse. Brutal, bru'-taly a. Pertaining to a brute ; unfeeling, like a bmte; savage; ciaicl; inhuman. BRDTALiSM,6n«'-i«i-tzw,s. Q,uality of a brute; brutality. Brutality, bru-tal'-e-tef s. Inhumanity; savageness. Brutalization . bru-tal-e-za'-sJmn, s. Act of brutalizing. Brutalize, bru'-tal-ize, v.a. To make brutal or ciaiel. — v.n. To become brutal, inhuman, or bestial. Brutalized, bru'-tal-izedf pp. of the verb to brutalize. Brutally, ail. Cruelly; inhumanly. Brute, brute, a Senseless; unconscious; in’ational; bestial; uncivilized; rough; savage; ferocious. — 6. An irratiouai animal; any animal except man, but used in general only of the larger animals; a beast; a brutal person; a savage; a low-bred, unfeeling man. —$ v.a. To report: see Bruit. BRUTELTjt brute'-le, ad. In a nide, brutish manner. BRUTENB6s,t brutc' nes, s. Brutality. Brutify, bru'-te-fi. v.a. To render the mind biuital, to make senseless, stupid, or unfeeling. Brutish, a. Like a brute; bestial; gross; duel; savage; ferocious; ignorant;uncivilized. Brutishly, bra'-tish-le, ad. In a brutish manner. Brutishness, s. Brutality; savageuess. Brutish, bru'-tiznij s. The natui'e or quality of a brute; extreme stupidity; beastly vulgarity. Brutting,$ brut'-ting, s. Browsing. Brutum fulmen, Irru'-tum ful'-meis, 3. (Lat 1 A loud but harmless thi’eatening. Brtonine, bri'-o-nin, s. A bitter poisonous principle extracted from the root of the white bryony. Bryony, bri’-o-ne, s. White jalap; a genus of climbing plants, of several species.— Bla^ bryony is the popular name of a genus of plants called Tamtis. Bur, bub, s. An old cant word for strong malt liquor.— Bub and Grvh, in cant Z«7i(7., drink and food; victuals. — $ v.a. To throw out in bubbles. Burble, bub'-bl, s. A small bladder or vesicle of water or other fluid., inflated with air; any thing that wants iirmness or solidity; a vain project; a delusive or fraudulent scheme; a false show; a cheat; a dupe, —v.n. To rise in bubbles; to run with a gurgling noise. — v.a. To cheat; to deceive or impose on* Bubbled, bub'-bld, pp. of the verb to bubble. Bubbler, bub'-bier, s. One who cheats. Bubbling, bub'-bling, s. The act of rising in bubbles. Bubbly, hub'-hie, a. Full of bubbles. Bubby, 8. A woman’s breast. {Alow word.) Bubo, hew'-bo, s.; plur. Buboes. The groin; a tumour m the groin or armpit. In ornith., the horned owl. Bubonocele, bew'-ho-no-seel, s. Inguinal hernia, or a rupture in the groin. Buburle,± bew'-bu-kl, s. A red pimple. Bubulca, ou-bul'-kA, s. A flat fresh-water fish. Bdcanier, ) buk-kh-neer', s. Primarily, one who dries Buccaneer J and smokes flesh or fish after the manner of the Indians ;«eeBuccAN. The name was more par¬ ticularly applied to certain English and French pirati¬ cal adventurers who, towards ^e dose oflhe 16tn cen- turv, combined to make depredations on the Spanlnras in America. In modern use, a pirate ; a sea-robber. Bucao, bu-ka -o, s. A species of large owl, of beautilu. plumage, found in the Philippine islanos. Buccal, huk’-kal, a. Penaining to the check. Buccan, s. A grating or hurdle made of st’cks — v.a. To dry or smoke flesh or fish on a buccan, par¬ ticularly long stripes of beef newly salted: an Indian mode, said to have been practised by the buccaneers Buccaneer, buk-kh-neer', s. See Bucanier. — v.a. To act the part of a pirate. Buccaneering, buJi-ka-ncer'-i7ig, s. Piracy. Buccellation, huk-sel-la'-shun. s. The act of breaking into large pieces. Buccina, buK-se-nh, s. An ancient military musical in¬ strument of the trumpet kind; a herdsman’s hom. Buccinator, brik-se-na'-ter, s. A muscle of the cheek, used m blowing, Buccinal, Z>uA:'-se-na?, a. Trumpet-shaped; resembling a trumpet; sounding like a timinpet. BucciNiTE, huk'-se-nitc, s.* Fossil remains or petrifac¬ tions of the shells called Buccinum. BucciNUM,6MA:'-se-nMm. s. The whelk or trumpet-shell, a genus of univalve shells. Bucco, buk'-ko, s. The barbet, a genus of birds. Bucentaur, bu-sent'-or, s. A mythological beast, half ox, and half man; the state barge or galley used by the ancient doges of Venice. Bucephalus, hu-sef'~a-lus, s. An animal of the gazelle tribe; a celebrated horse of Alexander the Great was thus named in allusion to the great size of his heal. Buceros. bew'-sc-ros, s. The honibill, or Indian raven, a genus of birds remarkable for their enormous boak. Bucholzitb, 8. A fibrous mineral, spotted black and white, of great hardness. 'BvcK.,bzik,s. Lye in which clothes are soaked in the operation of bleaching; the liquor in which clothes are washed; the cloth or, clotlies soaked or washed in lye; the male of the fallow deer, rabbit, hare, &c.; a gay, dashing young fellow; a beau. — v.a. To soak or steep in lye; to wash in lye or suds. — v.n. To copulate as bucks and does. Buckbasket, ouk’ b'dsk-et, s. A basket in which clotlies are canled to the wash. Buckuean, s. See Bog-bean. Bucked, bukt, pp. of the verb to buck. Bucket, buk'~eC, s. A vessel in which water is drawn or carried. Bucketful, 6ufc'-e#-/MZ,s. Asmuch as a bucket wUl hold. Buckeye, buk'-i, s. A forest tree, indigenous in the Western States of America; hence, a cunt term for an inhabitant of Oliio. Bucking, buk'~ing, s. The act or process of soaking cloth in lye for bleacliing; the lye or liquor in which clothes are bleached or washed; a washing. Bucking-stool, huh'-ing-stool, s. A washing-block. Buckish, Pertaining to abuck,orgay yoiuig fellow ; smart, foppish; boastful. Buckish, buk'-izm. s. The quality of a buck; fopperv. Bucklandite, bulc-la7id-ite,s,. A ci*ystailized mineral resembling pyroxene. Buckle, buk'-l, s. A metallic link, with a longue or catch, foj' fastening together certain parts of di’ess, as the straps of shoes, knee-bands, &c., or other straps and bandSj as in a harness ; a curl of hair, or the stale of the hair crisped and curled. In coats of arms a token of the surety, faith, and service of the bearer. — v.a. To fasten with a buckle; to prepare for action , to join in battle ; to confine or Limit; to put into curl. — v.n. To buckle to, to bend to; to bow ; to submit; to appl 3 to with vigoui-; to engage with zeal.—To bxtckle with, to engage with in close combat; to encounter. Buckled, buk’-td, pp. of the verb to buckle. Buckler, buk'-lcr, s. A kind of shield, or piece of de¬ fensive armour, formerly borne on the left arm. —t v.a. To sliield; to defend; to support. Buckler-headed, buk’-ler-hed-ed, a. Having a head like a buckler. Buckler-thorn, buk'-lcr- tho7'n, s. Christ’s thorn. BucKMAST,6wP-wrt«t, s. The fruit of the beech-tree Buckram, buk’-ratn, s. A kind of coarse linen cloth, stif¬ fened with gum. — a. Stiff; precise. Buckrams, buk'-ramz, s. Wild garlic. Buck's-horn. buks^-hom, s. A plant, a species of plain tain, the Plantago coronopus, a British annual. Buckskin, bukf-skin, s. The skin of a buck. — a. Maae of leather prepared from the skin of a buck Buckstall, buk'-stawl, 8. A toil or net to dcei BUCKTHOEN [ 126 ] BULBIPEROUS Stvjkthosn, huWHhom, 8. The ]wpiuar name of a genus of ornamental shrubs, called Bhamnus. The berries of one species afford a powerful cathartic, and the bark and berries of several are used in dyeing. Bdck-wa-shino, buk'’wo&h-ing^ s. The act of washing linen, «fcc. Buckwheat^ bnk'-hweety s. A plant, and a species of edible grain, otherwise called Brank. Bucolic, ou-kol'-ik, a. Pastoral. — 8. A pastoral poem : a writer of pastorals. Bucolical, 6u-ior-*A-rt/, a. Pastoral; bucolic. Bun, bud, s. A gem ; a small protuberance on the stem or branch of a plant, containing the rudiments of future leaves or of a flower; an unexpanded flower. — v.n. To put forth young shoots or buds; to germi¬ nate ; to begin to grow : to be in the bloom. — v.a. To inoculate a plant; to graft by inserting the bud of a plant under the bark or another tree. Budded, bud'-ded, pp. of the verb to bud. Buddha, bood'-dd, s. The founder of the religion of the Buddhists of India, China, Japan, &c. He is sup¬ posed to have lived about 1022 B C. His image, which constitutes the great idol of the worehip of his fol¬ lowers, usually represents him sitting cross-legged, and apparently in profound meditation. Buddhism , bood'~dizm,&. A system of religion which pre¬ vails over the greater j)art of Eastern Asia, and which is thus named from its founder Buddha. Its chief doctrine teaches that the human soul is an emanation fi’ora God, and will be subjected, again and again, after the present life, to the miseries of a terrestrial existence, unless the individual to whom it belongs shall have, by the attainment of wisdom, and the practice of prayer and contemplation, rendered it fit to be absorbed into the Divine essence, from which it originally sprung. Buddhist, bood'-dist, 8. A believer in Buddhism. Buddhistic, bood-disf-ik, a. Relating to Buddhism. Budding, bud'-dinp, s. The act of putting forth buds; the act of inserting a bud of one tree within the bark of another for propagation. Buddinoness, bttd'-dmg-t.ies, s. State of budding. Buddle, bud'-dl, s. A large square frame of boards used in washing tin ore. — v.n. To wash or cleanse ore. Bude-light. bewd'-lite, s. A very brilliant light, pro¬ duced by Duniing purified coal-gas in a compound Argand lamp of a peculiar construction. Budge, budj, v.a. To stir; to move oflF the place. — 8. The dressed skin or fui' of lambs. —$ a. Brisk ; jocund; pompous; surly; stiff; formal. Budge-bachelors, bu(§’-batsh'-e-lerz, s. Certain men dressed in robes lined with lamb’s fur, who accompany the Lord Mayor of London at his inauguration. Budge-barrel, budj'-bar-rel, s. A small barrel, with only one bead, used for carrying powder. Budged, pp. of the verb to budge. Budgbness,! 6m4/ -nes, 8. Sternness; severity. Budgbr, bu^'~er, s. One who moves or stirs. Budgero. bufii'-er^o, s. A large Bengal pleasure-boat. Budget, hud'-jet, s. A bag ; a little sack, with its con¬ tents ; a stock or store; a bag containing documents to lay before an assembly, particularly relating to finances; a statement or speech respecting the finances of the kingdom which is annually made to parliament oy the English chancellor of the exchequer, compre¬ hending a general view of the national debt, income, and expenditure, with a general view of the actual product of the last budget, and the minister’s proposed plan of taxation for the ensuing year. BuDOTjt bu((j'-e,a.. Consisting or/ur. Budlet, bud'-Ut, 8. A little bud. Burr, bu/', s. Buff-skin; a sort of leather prepared from the skin of the buffalo, and also of the elk and of some other animals; a militaiy coat made of thick leatlier; the colour of buff, a very light yellow; a yellow, viscid substance, formed on the surface of blood dra>vn in infiammatory diseases. — a. Of the colour of buff leather ; light yellow* —X v.a. To strike : see Buffet. Buffalo, buf-fd-io, s. The Bos bubahis, a species of the bovine genus, anv wild ox, particularly the bison of North America; the skin of the bison, prepai’ed with the hair on, and more correctly called tniffaio-robe. Buffel, buf-fel, s. Buffel’s-head duck, an American bird with a short blue bill and large head. Buffer, buf-fer, s. A contrivance attached to railway carnages to chock or deaden the force of the concussion pTTluced by the «‘oni*if>n bcTwr*«n <»ne <'r?rri;iire and another. It consists of a franung fuiulshed with pow** erful spiing8,and having at each end a projecting nead strongly padded and covered with leather. Buffet, huf-fa, s. A sideboard, cupboard... or set of shelves, for plates, glass, china, and other like furniture 'RfWT-Bi,buf'-fet, s. A blow with che fist; a box on thf ear or face ; a slap ; J a footstool. — v.a. To st!*ike with the hand or fist; to box; to beat; to beat in contention ; to contend against. ^ v.n. To exercise or play at boxing. BuffETER, huf -fetterj s. One who buffets; a boxer. Buffeting, huf -jet-ing, s. A striking with the bond a succession of blows; contention; attack; opposition, Buffin, buf-Jin, s. A sort of coarse stuff or cloth. Buffing-apparatus, buf-Jing ap-pd-ra'-tus, s. See Buffer. Buffle,!; s. The buffalo. —X v.n. To puzzle; to be at a loss. Bupflehead, buf-Ji-hed, s. One who has a large head. Bufflehbadbd, huj'~Ji-hed~edy a. Having a large head ; dull; stupid; foolish. Buffo, bu/-fo,&. The comic actor in an opera. Buffoon, huf-foon', s. One whose profession is to divert others by low jests, antic postures, &c.; a clown; a jester; a droll; a mimic; one who uses indecent raillery. — v.a. To make ridiculous. —+ v.n. To act the part of a buffoon. Buffoonery, buf-foon'-er~e, s. Low jests; mimicry ridiculous pranks; vulgar tricks and postures. Buffooning, buf-foon'-ing, s. Buffoonery. Buffoonish, buf-foon'-ish, a. Partaking of buffoonery. Buffoonism, 8. The practicesof a bi^oon, BurrooNizE,$ 6M/-/oo7i'-iae, v.n. To play the buflbon. Buffoonlikb, huf-foon'-like.y a. Resembling a buffoon. BvTioon'L\,^buf-foon'‘le,A. Consisting of vulgartricks. — ad. In a buffoon-like manner, ridiculously. Buffy, buf'-fe, a. Of the colour of buff; pertaining to or resembling the buff on the hIor«d. Bufonite, bew-fun-ite, s. Toadstone, or the fossil tooth of the sea-wolf. Bug, bug, s. The generic name of a vast multitude of insects, which infest houses and plants; appropriately, the fetid house-bug or bed-bug, Cintex Uctularius. Bvoybug, is. A frightful object, a walking BcGBEAR,feM/-6ear, j spectre; a false terror. — v.a. To alarm or frighten with idle phantoms. Bugee, bew-je',%. A species of Indian monkev. Bugginess, bu^-ge-nes, s. The state of being buggy. Buggy, hug'-ge, s. A kind of light caniage, without a top, to be drawn by one horse. — a. Infested with bugs; full of bugs. Bugle, bew'-gl, s. An elongated bead of glass, usually black : a genus of plants, Ajuga ; a sort of wild ox. Bugle, heur-gl, \ s. Akindoftnimpetusedby Bugle-HORN, bew'-gl-horn,] huntsmen and in the ainiy. Bugle-weed, bew'-gl-weed, s. A plant, the Lycopus vir- ginicuSf used in medicine; also, a species of Ajuga. Buoloss, bew'-glos, s. A name common to plants of the genus Anchusa, also popularly called Ox-tongue. Buowort, bug'-wurt, s. A plant, the Clnucifuga. Buhl, bewl, s. Unburnished gold, brass, or mother of pearl, used for inlaying.— Buhl-work, work in which wood or tortoise-shell is inlayed with buhl. Buhr-stone, bur'-Btone, 8. A sub-species of silex or quartz, much used for mill-stones for flour-mills. Build, hild, v.a.; pret. and pp. built, or \builded. To construct and raise, as an edifice; to erect; to raise by art; to found; to create; to make or fi>i m; to frame or shape into a particular form; to raise any thing on a support or foundation. — v.n. To exercise the art, or practise the business oi building; to rest or depend on for support. — s. Make ; form; shape; figure. Builder, bild'-er, s. One who builds ; an architect. Building, 3. The art of raising fabrics; archi¬ tecture ; an edifice of any kind. BuiLT^^biZZ, pp. of the verb to build. — 8. Form; shape; build; species of building. Bul, bul, 8. A fish, the common flounder. Bulb, bulb, s. Any round body or spherical protuber¬ ance ; appropriately, a scaly Dody formed on a plant, either above or below ground, emitting fibrous ruott from its base, and producing a stem from its centre, ai the tulip, lily, onion, &c. —+ v.n To bulb out, is to project, or be protuberani: Bulbaceous, bul-ba'-shua. a. liulhous. Bulbed, bulod, or bulb'-ea, a. Round-headed. P.fi KiTEnoT s. f*», a. FFoducing bulbi. BULBIFORM [ 127 ] BUNK BrLBWORM, buW-e-form, a. Having the form of a bulb. BttLB0-Ti;BE.R, bnlbf-o-tew’-ber, s. A short, roundish, un¬ derground stem, resembling a bulb. BDLB 008 ,fcMl 6 '-«s,a. Containing bulbs,ora bulb ; grow- injf fronrvbulbs; round or roundish ; protuberant. Bulbul, hul'-bul, s. The nightingale of the Persians. Buljbulb, bulb'-bewl, g. A little bulb. Bulchin, bul'-tshiUf s. A young male^calf. Bulge, fmy, s. The protuberant part of a cask; a pro¬ tuberance ; a leak ; a breach in a ship that admits water. — v.n. To swell out; to be protuberant; to leak; to let m water, see Bilge. Bulging, a. Protuberant, Bulimia, bu~lim'~e-&y ) a. AYoraciousappetite; adisease Bulimt. bew'-le~me, j in which the patient has a per¬ petual and insatiable appetite for food. Bulk, b^^^k, s. Magnitude; size; quantity; the gross; the majority; the main mass or body ; main fabric; a part Of a building jutting out; the whole content of a ship’s hold for the stowage or goods.—iarfen in bulk, having the cargo loose in the hold.—To break bulk, to begin to unload a vessel. Bulkhead, bulk'-hed, s. A partition built up in a ship between two decks. Bulkiness. buW-e-nes, s. Greatness in bulk or sizet Bulky, buW-e, a. Large; of great size. Bull, Am/, s. The male of the bovine genus of quadrupeds, of which cow is the female -, Taurus, one of the twelve signs of the zodiac; a letter or edict of the Pope, pub- Ushed or transmitted to the churches over which he is head, containing some decree, order, or decision; a gross blunder or contradiction. In a Scriptural sense, an enemy, powerful,fierce,and violent. AmongiS^ocA:- hrokers, a cant term for one who nominally buys stock on the speculation of its rising in value: see Bear.— Bull, as a prefix, generally denotes large size. Bulla, bul'-ld, s. A genus of raollusca; a vesicle, or elevation of the cuticle, containing a watery fluid. Bollace, buV'lase, s. A kind of wild plum. Bdllantic, biil-an'-tik, a. Designating certain orna¬ mental capital letters, used in apostolic buUs. It is also used as a noun. Bullary, bul'-&-re, s. A collection of papistical bulls. Bullate, biiV-late, a. Having elevations, like blisters. Bull-baiting, bul'-bate-ing, s. The sport or practice of baiting or exciting bulls with dogs. Bull-bkef, bid'-beef. s. The flesh of a bull; coarse beef. Bull-beggar, biiV'heg-gar, s. Something terrible, or frightful; a bugbear. Bull-calf, but'-kdf, s. A male calf; a stupid fellow. Bull-dog. biiV-dog, s. A species of English dog, of re¬ markable courage: so named from its large head, or from being employed in baiting bulls. Bullen-nails, ouV~ len-naylz, s.pl. Nails with round heads and short shanks, tinnea and lackered. Bullet, biU'-et, s. A round ball of metal; a shot. Bulletin, huV-e~tin, or buV-e^teen, s. An official ac¬ count of public news, or any official report, particu¬ larly of military events, or of the health of some dis¬ tinguished personage. Bullet-proof, buV-et-proof^ a. Capable of resisting the force of a bullet. Bull-faced, buV-fayst, a. Having a large face. Bull-feast , buV-feest, Is. A public combat with a bull. Bull-fight, / II is the favourite national sport in Spain, and on some great occasions, in the larger cities, is conducted with much ceremony by the pub¬ lic authorities. Bull-finch^ biiV-Jintsh, s. A small singing bird, of the sparrow kind, with a black head, and crimson breast. Bull-fly, ) 8. The gad-fly, or breeze, a tor- Bull-bee, buV-be. / meiilor of cattle. Bull-frog, huV-froq, s. A la^e species of frog. Bull-head, bul'-ked, s. The Cottus, a genus of fishes, a stupid fellow ; a small, black water insect. ■Bullied, hfd'-lid, pp. of the verb to bully. Bullion, b&l'^yun, s. Properly, uncoined gold or silver in the mass; but,the word is sometimes also used to denote gold and silver coin. Bullirao. btiV -U^-rag, v.a. To abuse grossly. {Vulgar .) Bullish, iniV-ish, a. Having the appearance or ature of a bull j partaking of the nature of a blunder, JBuLLisT, buV-ist, s. A writer of papal bulls. Bullitb, bul'-lite, s. A fossil shell of the g^us Bulla# Bullition,^ bul-lish'-un, s. EhulUtion, q.v. Bullock, hui'-tik, s. An ox, or castrated bull. Bull’s-eye. Wliz'-i, s. A sm^ circulai’ window cr open¬ ing; a thick, round glass let into a ship's poitsor deek to give light; a piece of wood in the form of a ring used by sailors; Aldebaran, a star in the constellation Taurus ; the centre of a target; a smaD, obscure cloud portending a stoim ; a kind of sweetmeat. Bull’s-nose, bxdz'-noze, s. In arch., the external angle of a polygon, or of two lines which meet at an obtuse angle. Bull-terrier, huV-ter~re-er, s. A species of dog, a cross-breed between the bull-dog and the terrier. Bull-trout, bul'-trowt, s. A large species of trout. Bull-weed, bfU'-weed, s. Knap-weed, a plant. Bull-wort, bul'-wurt^ s. Bishop’s-weed, a plant. Bully, bUl'-le, s. A noisy, blustering, overbearing, quar relsome fellow, with little or no real courage. — v.a. To insult and overbear with blustering menaces — v.n. To be noisy and quarrelsome ; to bluster. Bulrush. buV-rush, s. A large kind of rush, growing in wet land or water. Bulrusht, 6wr-rws/i-e, a. Made of bulrushes. Bulse, buls', s. An East Indian word, denoting a 'cer¬ tain quantity of diamonds. BuLTBL,t bul'-tel, 8. A bolter; the bran after sifting. Bulwark, bul'-wurk, s. A bastion; a fortification; any means of defence; a screen or shelter; security. — v.a. To fortify ; to strengthen with bulwarks. Bum, bum, s. The buttocks; a bumbailiff. ( Vulgar. ) — v.n. To make a noise or report Bumbailiff, ftum-ftai/r-i/,8. An under-bailiff - a sheriff’s officer: a vulgar corruption of Bound-bailiff. Bumbard, bum'-bard, s. See Bombard. Bumbast, hum'-bast, s. See Bombast. Bumblebee, s. A species of large wild bee, the humble-bee. Bumboat, bum'-boat, s. A large, clumsy boat, used in carrying provisions for sale to vessels anchored at a distance fiDm shore. BuMKiN,fcam'-&in,8. Ashortboom projecting from each bow of a ship; a small out-rigger over the stern of a boat. Bump, bump, s. A swelling or protuberance; a thump a heavy blow; the noise of the bittern. • v.n. To make a loud or hollow noise, as the bittern. — v.a. To St ike against any thing large or solid; to thump; to 1 eat. Bumper, bump'-er, s. A cup or glass filled to the brim , a crowded house at a theatre, &c., on the occasion of some benefit. Bumpkin, 8. An awkward, heavy rustic; a clown, or countiw loiit. Bumpkinlt, frunip ktiv /e, a.. Ulo^vnisn. Bun, bun, s. A small cake, or a kind of sweet bread. Bunch, bwnfsTi, s. A hard lump; a hunch; a cluster; a number of the same kind growing together; a number of things tied together ; a knot; a tuft. •-v.n.To swell out in a bunch; to be protuberant, or round. —v.a. To form or tie in a bunch or bunches. Bunch-backed, buntsh'-bakt, a. Having a bunch on the back; crookbacked. Bunchiness, hxintsh'-e nes, s. The quality of being bunchy, or growing in bunches. Bunchy, a. Growing in bunches ; having tufts. Bundle, bun'-dl, s. A number of things put together loosely; any thing bound or rolled into a convenient form for conveyance; a roll. ^ —v.a. To tic or bind in a bundle; to put up fugether. —To buyidle off, to send away in a hurry or pet. —v.n. To prepare for departure; to depart; to enter or proceed hurriedly or confusedly. Bung, bung, s. A stopple for the orifice of a barrel. —v.a. To stop the hole of a cask with, a bung; to close up. Bungalow, &ti7igr'-gro-Zo, s. In Jnfh’a the country-house of a European, of a single floor, with a thatched roof, and usually built of very light materials. Bung-drawer, bung*-draw-er, s. A wooden mallet, of a peculiar form, for taking the bung out of a cask. Bungholb, bunff-hole, s. The hole in a cask by which it is fillea, and which is afterwards closed up. B’ NGLE, bung'-gl, v.n. To perform clumsily. — v.a. To make or mend clumsily; to botch; to manage awkwardly; to mismanage. — 8. A botch; a clumsy performance ; a gross blunder. Bungler, bung'-gler, s. A bad or clumsy workman ; an awkward, unskilful person; one apt to make blunders. Bungling, bung'-gling, a. Clumsy ; awkward ; ill-done. Bunqlingly, bung'-gling-I s, ad. Clumsily; awkwardly Bunion, bun-yun, s. An excrescence on the great toe. Bunk, 6unA, s. In Amsrwa, a frame of boards for a bed aiw, a piwe of timber thnt crosses a sled. BUNKER [ 128 ] BURLESQUE hunV-er.^. In a large bin or recepta- ele for yarious things, as coals, &c. Buwn, bun, s. See Bun. Bdnbing, bun'~8ing, s. An anunal resembling a large ferret, peculiar to the Cape of Good Hope. Bunt, hunt, s. The middle part or cavity of a sail. — v.n. To swell out, as a sail. In pop. lang., to push with the horns; to butt. Bunter, hunf-er, s. A cant M'ord for a woman who picks up rags in the streets; a low, vulgar woman. Bunting, buntf-ing, s. A bird of the genus Emberiza. Bunting, bunif-ing, ) s. A thin stuff Of which the flags Buntinb, bunf-in, j and signals of ships are made. Buntlines, bu7it'-Unz, s.pl. Small ropes fastened to cringles on the bottoms of square sails, to draw them up to their yards. Buot, boy, or'bwoy, s. A floating object, usually a close empty cask, or a block of wood, or cork, moored over some particular spot, to indicate a shoal, a rock, the proper channel for a ship to steer, or the position of an anchor, or any other sunken object.— Life buoy, a float to s\isiajn persons who have fallen overboard, till relief can oe aftorded them. — v.a. To keep afloat; to bear up ; to sustain; to give hope to; to keep from sinking into melancholy or despair; to flx buoys, as a direction to mariners. — v.n. To float; to rise by specific lightness. BuoYA.NCT, boy'-, or bwo-\/-an~se s. The quality of float¬ ing ; specific lightness. Fig., lightness of spirits; ani¬ mation ; vivacity. Buoyant, 6oy'-,ora. Floating; light; elastic; tbearing up, as a fluid. Fig., cheerful; cheering. Buoyantly, ooxf-, or bwoy'-ant-le, ad. In a buoyant manner. Buoyed, boyd, or bwoyd, pp. of the verb to buoy. Buoy-rope, boy’-, or bwoy’-rope, s. The rope which fastens a buoy to an anchor. Buphaga, hu’-fd-gd, s. The beef-eater, an African bird wliich alights upon the backs of cattle to prey upon the larvae of the ajstri, lodged beneath their hide. Buprestidans, bu-pres'-te-danz, s.pl. A tribe of coleop- teroiis insects, several of which are remarkable for their highly brilliant metallic colours. Bur,± bur, s. A chamber; a cottage ; a bower. Bur, bur, s. The pricklv head of the chestnut, burdock, &c.; a broad ring of iron behind the place for the hand on a spear used in tilting. See Burr. BuRBOLTjt bur'-boalt, s. A birdbolt. Bursot, bur'-hot, s. An anguilliform fish, the eel-pout. UuRUELAis, bur'-de-la, s. a sort of grape. Burden, bur'-dn, s. Something borne or carried; a load; any thing that is grievous, wearisome, or op¬ pressive ; II birtb; the verse repeated in a song, or the return of the theme at the end of each verse; the chorus; that whitli is often repeated, or a subject on which one dwells, a fixed quantity of certain com¬ modities; cargo; freialit; the quantity or number of tons that a ship will carry; club. —v.a. To load; to encumber; to oppress ; to surcharge. Burdened, btir'-dnd, pp. of the verb to burden. Burdener, bur'-d7i~er, s. One who burdens; an op¬ pressor. BuRDENOUSjj: bur'~dn~us, "la. Heavy to be borne; Burdensome, bur'-dn-swn, j cumbersome; useless; wearisome ; grievous ; oppressive. Burdensomely, bur'-dn-sum~le, ad. In a burdensome manner. Burdensomeness, bur'-d7i~sum-7ies, s. The quality of being burdensome; heaviness; oppressiveness. Burdock, b^ir'-dok, s. A broad-leaA'ed, prickly plant, a well-known troublesome weed. Bureau, bu'-ro, s. (Fr.) A chest of drawers, for keep¬ ing papers, or clothes, and fitted with conveniences for writing; an office, or place for the transaction of business, particularly by a public functionary. Bureaucracy, bu-ro’-Kra-se, s. A system by which the government is administered in departments, each under the control of a chief. Bureaucratic, bu-ro-k7’at'-ik, a. Relating to bureau¬ cracy. Bureaucratist, s. An advocate of bu¬ reaucracy. Burette, bu-ret', 8. An instrument for dividing a given portion of any liquid into 100 or 1000 equal parts. Buro, burg, s. J A walled town ; a city or town which sends members to parliament: tee Burgh, Borough. Burqage, burg'-oje, s. In law, a tender in socage proper to cities and towns; whereby lands or tonemonts are held of the king> or some other lord, for a certain yearly rent; a dwelling-house in a boiough. Bdrgamot, burg'-&-77iot, s. See Bergamot. Burganbt, burg’-d-net. s. A kind of ancient helmet. Burqeois, 5oor-aAted, 8 . A burgess: Bourgeois. Burgeois, bur-Jois', s. A species of type: see Bourgeois. Burgeon, bur'-jun, v.n. See Bourgeon. — 8 . A small knot or button put forth by the branch of a tree in the spring. Buroer-mastbr, 8 . An aquatic fow'l. Burgess, bur'-jes, s. An inhabitant of a borough, or one who possesses a tenement therein; a citizen or freeman of a borough; a representative of a borough in parliament; a magistrate of a borough. Burgess-ship, bur'-Jes-ship, s. Quality of a burgess. Burgoravb, burg'-grave, s. In Germany, an hereditary governor of a burg or castle. Burgh, 6 wrp, s. A diflferent orthography of feurp, borough, which see.—A royal burgh, is a corporate body erected by a charter from the crown. A burgh of baf'ony, in Scotlafid, is a corporation somewhat analogous to a royal burgh, consisting of a determinate tract of ground within the barony, erected by the feudal superior, and subjected to the government of magistrates. Burghal, burg'-al, a. Pertaining to a bui'g. Burghbote, burg'-hote,s. A contribution levied in former times for the building or repairing of the castles and w'alls of a city or town. Bcrgh-brech, bu7'^-breetsh, s. A fine imposed on a burgh, for a breach of the peace. Burgher, bu7’g'-er, s. An inhabitant of a burgh, or borough ; a freeman of a burgh, or one who enjovs the privileges of a place; one of a sect of Cliristiaiis, seceders from the Church of Scotland. Burghershif, burgh'-er-ship, s. The privilege of a burgher. Burgh-master, 6 «r( 7 '-mas'-tcr, 8 . A burgomaster; also, an officer in the tin-mines. Burgh-mote, burg'-mote, s. A borough court. Burglar, burg'-lar, "I s. One guilty of breaking BurglareRjJ 6 «rp'-?ar-tfr, V into the dwelling-house BurolariaNjJ burg-la'-re-a7i,) of another in the night, with intent to commit felony. Burglarious, burg-la'-re-us, a. Pertaining to burglary constituting the crime of burglary. Burglariously, burg-la'-re-us^e, ad. With an intent to commit burglary; in the manner of a burglar. Burglary, burg-Id-re, s. The act or crime of oreaking into the dwelling-house of another in the night, with an intent to commit felony. Burg-mote, burg'-mote, s. A borough court. Burgomaster, bxirg'-o-mds'-ter, s. A burgh-master; the chief magistrate of a Dutch or German municipal town; an aquatic bird, the glaucous gull. Burgonet. burg'-o-7iet, s. See Burganet. Burgout, our-goo’, s. A kind of thick gruel made at sea. Burgrave, bu^-grave, s. See Burggrave. Burgundy, bur'-gu7%-de, s. A kind of wine, so called from Burgundy, in France, where it is made. Burgundy-pitch, bui-'-gxm-ae-pitHh, s. A resin obtained from the Piyius abies, and some other pines. Bdrh,$ bur, 8 . A cit^ castle, house, or tower. Burial, ber-e-al, s. The act of burying ; a funeral; im terment; the church service for‘funerals. — Bwrto.- place, a place set apart for the burial of the dead.— Furial-service, the church service for burials. Buried, ber'-ria, pp. of the verb to bu7-y. Buribr, ber'-e-er, s. One who bui’ies. Burin, oeuj'-rin, s. A graver; a tool for engraving. Burke, hurk, v.a. To murder a person, particularly by strangling, and with the intention of selling the body for dissection; to put a sudden end to, as to burke a speech or purpose. Burked, bui'kt, pp. of the verb to burke. Burkism, burk'-izm, s. The practice of burking. Burl, burl, v.a. To pick knots and other inequaUciei off cloth in the process of fulling. — 8 . A small knot or end of thi'ead in cloth. Burlace bu7''-lase, s. A sort of grape. Burler, burl'-er, s. A dresser of cloth. Burlesque, bur-lesk', a. Tending to excite laughter by ludicrous images, or by a contrast between the sub¬ ject and the manner of treating it; jocular; comic. — s. A ludicrous representation, or contrast; a com position in w'liich the contrast between the subject and the manner of considering it renders it ludicrouj or ridiculous; comic poetry; humorous W'it; satire. — v.a. To turn to ridicule; to lampoon. BUELESQMlIl [ 129 1 BUSK RuaLEsauBE, our-lesk' er, s. One who burlest^ucs. BuaLETTA, s. A comic opera; a musical farce. Burliness, btir'-le-nes, s. The state of beinjf burly; bulk. Burly, bur'-ley a. bulky; tumid; falsely great; blustering; loud; boisterous. Burn, burn, v.a.; prct. and pp. burned or burnt. To consume with lire; to subject to the action of fire; to calcine ; to bake or harden by heat; to wound, hurt, or injure with fire or heal; to scorch; to affect with heat in cookery, so as to give the food a disagreeable ta.sie; to cause to wither by heat; to inflame; to affect with excessive heat, as a fever, v.ii. To bo on fire; to flame; to shine; to sparkle ; to act with destructive violence, as tire; to be inflamed with passion or desire ; to be in commotion ; to rage; to be in a glow; To feel excess of heat; to be affected with a sensation of neat, pain, or acidity. --8. A hurt or injury caused by the action of fire; the operation of burning or baking, as in brickmakins , $ a brook, a rivulet. Burnable,+ burn'-a-hl, a. That may bo burned. nSHi:“i?;;nfjpP-<>fthevorb.o6».n. Burner, hurn'-er, s. A person who burns or sets fire to any thing; the part of a lamp or a gas pipe which gives out the light. Burnet, burn'-et, s. The name of a plant, Foterium. BuRNET-SAxirRAfiE,&um'-ef-5rt3'-?fl:s(’, s. A burying-ground, grave; sepulchre. Bury-pear, beiv'-re-pare, s. A delicate variety of pear- Bush, bush, s. A thick shrub; the bough of a tree; a cluster of shrubs; a branch of a tree fixed or hung oui as a taveiTi sign ; a closely wooded district; a circle oJ metal let into round holes or orifices, or into the sheave# of such blocks as have iron pins, to prevent their wear ing: Among hunters, the tail of a fox. — v.n. To grow thick or bushy. — v.a. To furnish a block with a bush, or to line anj orifice with metal to prevent its wearing. Bushed, husht, pp. of the verb to bush. Bushel, biesh'-eJ, s. A dry measure, containing eighi gallons, or four pecks ; a measure that will hold four pecks; pop., a large quantity; a circle of iron in the nave of a carriage wheel, sometimes called the box. Bushelage, hush'-el-aje, s. A duty payable on com¬ modities bv the bushel. Bushbt, bush'-et, s. A wood. Bush-harro, biisn'-har-ro, s. An implement of has bandry for harrowing grass lands, and covering grass or clover seeds. It consists of a frame with three oi more bars, in which bushes are interwoven. Bushiness, oush'-e-nes, s. The quality oI being busliy Bushman, biish'-man, s. A woodsman. BusHMEN,'or Bosyesmaiis, a name given by the Dutch colonists to the wild erratic tribes of the Cape of Good Hope. BusHMENT,$6rts7i'-«ie7ii,s. Athicket; aclusterofbushes. Bushy, hush'-e, a. Full of bilinches ; thick and spread¬ ing, like a bush ; full of, or overgrown with shrubs Busied, biz'-zid, pp. of the verb to busy. Busiless, hiz'-ze-les, a. Without business; at leisure. Busily, hiz'-ze-le, adr "With constant occupation; ac¬ tively ; earnestly; with an air of huiTy or importance, with too much curiosity; officiously. Business, biz'-nes, s. Employment; occupation; trade, profession; concerns which demand attention; em¬ ployment of importance; the subject of employment, that which engages the care and attention ; an affair; serious engagement; concern; right of action or in¬ terposing ; duty ; office ; a point; a matter of question something to be considered or performed.—Ty do the business for a man, is to kill, destroy, or ruin him. Business-like, 6tV-ness-/iA;e, a. Having an appearance of business; habituated to the forms of business; done according to the forms of business; practical. Busk, htesk. s. A piece of steel, wlialcbone, or wood, to strengthen a woman’s stays in front; ta bush. —i v.n. To be active or busy. — v.a. t To make ready, to prepare; to drefeii or attlro BUSKED [ 130 ] BUTTON-WEED Bl’skec, builit, a. ‘Wearin'r a bask. liusKET.^: busk' ei, s. A spri;?; a small bush; a compart¬ ment iu a garden, forinud of trees, shrubs, &c.; a grove. Buskin, feulJc'-tn, 8. A hind of half-boot,-chiefly woru on the stage by actors in tragedy; those of the ancient tragedians were furnished with high soles. In classic authors, tragedy; also, a lofty and elevated style. I^usKiNED, husk'-'ind, a. Dressed in busldns ; tragic. 'iSv6J^'!,husk'-e,a. Bushy; woody; shaded or overgrown with trees or shrubs : generally written hosky. Busa, bus, s. A hissa salute with the lips ; a kind of email vessel used in the herring fishery. — v.a. To kiss ; to salute with the lips. (Vulgar.) Bust, bust, s A statue of a human figure as far ao^vn as the breast; that part of the human figure which comprises the head, neck, breast, and shoulders; the human figure as low as the hips, with or without the head and arms; ta funeral pile. Busta-rd, bust'-ard, s. A name common to several spe¬ cies of grallic birds of the genus Otis. The great bus¬ tard, 0. tarda, is the largest land bird of Europe. Bustle, bus'-sl, v.n. To be busy; to stir about; to be very active; to he quick in motion; to hurry j to be in a confused hurry. — v.a. To confuse; to make busy. — s. HuiTy ; great stir; confusion; commotion ; tToault; an article of female dress. Bustled, bus'-sld, pp. of the verb to bustle. Bustler, hus'-ler, s. An active, stirring person. Busto, hus'-to, s. (Ital.) A bust; a statue. Busy, biz'-ze, a. Employed with diligence or earnest¬ ness ; engaged about something that renders inter¬ ruption inconvenient; actively employed ; bustling; diligent; industrious; meddling; officious; impor¬ tunate ; troublesome; vexatious; appropriated to business or labour; marked by great, or more than ordinary activity. — v.a. To employ; to engage; to make or keep busy. Busybody, hiz'-ze-bod'-e, s. A meddling officious person. But, but, conj. Except; besides; sav'o; unless; yet; however , notwithstanding; nevertheless; if it were not for this; even, not longer ago than; now; only; nothing more than; otherw'ise than that; more; fui*- ther; moreover. — prep. ‘Without; except. — ad. Only ; no more than. — s. Iffie end of any thing ; a limit; a boundary; the end of any plank Which unites with another on the outside of a ship. See Butt. — v.a. To lie contiguous to; to touch at one end ; to abut. Butcher, butsh’-er, s. One who slaughters animals for market; one who trades in meat for the table; one who delights in slaughter, or who recklessly causes the destruction of human life, particularly in w'ar or civil commotions. — v.a. To kill or slaughter animals for food, or for market; to luurder, especially with circumstances of uncommon cruelty; to recklessly sacrifice the lives of men, as a military commander, or to mercilessly slaughter defenceless men. Butcuer-bird, s. The shrike, a bird of prey, of the genus Lanius. Butchered, butsh'-erd, pp. of the verb to butcher. Butchering, butsh'-er-ing, s. The trade, business, or employment of a butcher. Butcheuliness, butsh'-er-le-ucs, s. A cruel, savage, butcherly manner. Butcherly, biitsh'-er-le, a. Cruel; savage ; murderous ; grossly and clumsily barbarous. Butcher-row, 6«is/i'-er-ro, s. A row of shambles. Butcher’ s-BRooM, hutsh'-erz-hroom, s. Ruscus, a genus of plants, called also Kneeholly. Butchery, hutsh'-er-e, s. The trade or business of a butcher; the place where animals are killed ; murder committed with unusual barbarity; great destruction of human life; massacre; slaughter. BuT-END,6Mi'-€nrf, s. The largest or blunt end of a thing Butler, hut'-ler, s. An upper servant in wealthy fami¬ lies, whose principal business is to take charge of the wines, plate, &c., and to see that the table is properly seiwed. Butleragb, but'-ler-aje, s. A duty on wine imported; formerly paid to the king’s butler. Butlbrship, but'-ler-ship, s. The office of a butler. Butlery, but'-ler-e, s. A butler’s pantry ; a larder. Butment, buf-ment, s. A support on which the foot of an arch is sustained; a buttress; an abutment. Butshaft, but’‘Shaft, s. An arrow to shoot at butts with. Butt, but, 9 A mark to be sbot at, the point where a mark is sec or to be shot at the object of aim, the point to whiCh a purpose or effort is directed; a person at w'honi ridicule , jests, or contempt are di¬ rected ; a push or thrust given by the head of an ani¬ mal; a large cask or barrel; a liquid measure contain¬ ing 126 gallons, or two hogsheads or one pipe of wine, or 108 gallons of bqer; the end of a plank in a ship’s side or bottom; a kind of hinge for doors, &c. Among ploughmen, a short, angular ridge. See But. — v.n. To strike with the head or horns, as a ram, &c. Butted, but'-ted, pp. of the verbs to but and to butt. Butter, buf-ter, s. Ah unctuous substance obtainerivate or obecure way. J^Y-wEST,J bi'-west, ad. Westw'ard; to the west of. By-wipe, hi'-wipe, s. A secret stroke or sarcasm. By-word, hi'-tvurd, s. A common saying ; a proverb. Byzant, oiz'-ant, ) s. An ancient gold coin of Byzantine, biz'-aji-tine, ] the value of £15 sterling, so caUed from its being struck at liyzantium (now Con¬ stantinople). Byz.vntine, be-zo7i'-tin, \ Byz.\.ntian, hc-znn'-shan,) Belonging or i*elating ’ Byzantium. C, p is the third letter and second consonant of the English alphabet. Before a, o, u, I, and r, it hag^ a hard, or close sound,like k; and before e, t,iind y, it has a soft, or sibilant sound, precisely like "When combined W'itli the letter h, It has three different soimds ; the first is equivalent to tsh, as in chair, church; the second is equivalent to k, as in character, chemistry: and the tliird, occurring only in a very few words, derived from the French, is equivalent to sh, as in chaise, chagrin, chemise. C, as an abbreviation, stands for Christ, as A. C. for Anno Christi or ante Christian; also for companion, as C. B., Companion of the Bath. On medals, C stands for many names of persons, as Ccesar, Cains, Cassius, Carolus, ; and also of offices, as Censor, Cotisul. C, as a numeral, stands for 100, CC, for 200, &c. C, in mnsic^ when placed after the clef, is the marli of common time; and when a bar is perpendicnlurij drawn through it, alla-hreve time is indicated. C Is also the first'note of the diatonic scale, answering to the do of the Italians, and the ut of the French. Caaba, kd-n'-bd, s. The name of a famous square stone in . le temple of Mecca, which is regarded with great adoration by Moliammedans, being reputed by them to have been presented to Abraham by the archangel Gabriel. The temple of Mecca is sometimes also called by thb name. CAB [ 132 ] CAD Cab, knb^ 8. A Hebrew measure, equal to nearly three pints English corn nieasuj’e; alight cairiage, with two or four wheels, drawn by one horse. See Cabriolet. Cabal, A:'-»n-ci-ea, pp. Confined in a cabinet: en¬ gaged in close conference with another in his cabinet. Cabirean, kab-e-r^-an, s. One of the Cabiri. Cabiri, A:rt-6t'-ri, s.pl. See Cabirian. Cabirian. kd-bir-e-an, \ a. Pertaining to the Cabiri, Cabiric, V certain deities greatly vene- Cabiritic, kab-e-i-if-ik,) rated by tlie ancient pagans in Greece uU Fhoenicia. Cabls^ ka*-bl, 8. A large, strong rope or chum. Ubed te retain a vessel at anchor; any large rope. In arch., s vrreathed, circular moulding, resembling a rope. — v.a. To fasten with a cable; to fill with cylindrical pieces, as columns. Cabled, ka'-bld, pp. of the verb to cable. — a. Having wreathed circular mouldings resembling a cable. A cabled cross, in her., is one fonued of the two ends of a ship’s cable in representation. Cablet, ka'-hlet, s. A little cable; a tow-rope. Cable-tier, ka'-bl-teer, s. The place where the cables are kept cotied up. Cabman, kab'-ma7i, s. The driver of a cab. Cabob, kd-boV, v.a. To roast meat in a certain mode. Caboched, ^ kd-boshf, a. In her., a term applied to tlie Cabosuld. I head of an animal when represented full- faced and cut off close to the ears, so as to have no part of the neck visible. Caboose, kd-boos', s. The cook-room of a ship ; in smaller vessels, an inclosed place on the deck fitted with a stove for cooking; a box that covers the cliininey in a ship. Cabriolet, kab-re-o-la', s. A one-horse chaise, with a Ciilash top, and a covering for the legs and lap. This word is commonly shortened into cab. Caburns, kab'-urnz, s.pl. Small lines made of spun- yarn, to bind cables, seize tackles, and the like. Cabure, kab'-yure, s. A Brazilian bird of the owl kind. Ca.ca. 0 , kd-ka'-o, or ka'-ko, s. The chocolate-tree, a species of Theobroma, native of the 'West Indies. See Cocoa. Cachalot, katsh'-d-lot, s. The spermaceti whale. Cacjhe, kash, s. (Fr.) A hole dug in the groimd for hiding and preserving provisions or goods wliich it is inconvenient to carry : a practice common among the settlers in the western states of America. Cachectic, kd-kek'-tih, ) a. Having an ill habit of Cachectical, kd-kekf-tik-al, j body. Cachet, kash'-a, s. A seal; a signet .—Lettre de cachet, a private letter of state, or warrant fur the imprison¬ ment of some person or persons. Cachexy, kd-kex-e, s. A bad state or habit cf the body CACHiNNATioN,-j- kak-in-na'-shu7i% s. Loud laughter. Cacholong, kash'-o-lo7ig, s. In Mintt'dtogy, a variety of chalcedony, of a milk- white coiftur. Cacuunde, it«-A:tm'-rfe,s. An aromatic medicine in great repute among the Cliinese and Indians. Caciude, Ad-setfA', 8. See Caziuue. Cack, kak, v.n. To ease the body by stool. Cackerel, kak'-er-el, s. A species of fish. Cackle, kak'-kl, v.n. To make a noise as a hen or goose, to giggle; to talk in a silly manner; to prate ; to tattle. — s. The voice of a goose or fowl; idle talk; silly prattle. Cackler, kak'-ler, s. A fowl that cackles ; a tattler. Cackled, kak'-kld, pp. of the verb to cackle. Cackling, kak'-ling, s. The voice of a hen or goose. Cacochtmic, kak-o-kim'-ik, I a. Having the ffuidJ: Cacochymical, kak-o-kim'-ik-al, j of the body vitiated especially the blood. Cacochymy, kak'-o-kim-e, s. A diseased stale of the vital humours, especially of the blood. CAcoDEMON,t s. Aai evil spirit; a demon Cacobthl^, kak-o-e'-theez, s. A bad custom or habit; bad disposition; an incurable ulcer.— boidi, a diseased propensity for writing. CACOORAPHYjt kd-kog'-rd-fe, s. Bad spelling. Cacology, kd-kol'-o-Je, s. Vicious pronunciation. Cacophonic, CACOPHONicAL,A«?;-o-/oH'-tX:-ai, j Sounding hauhly. Cacophonious, kak-o-fo'-ne-us,) a. Harsh sounding; re- Cacophonous, kd-k(^'-0-71US, j lating to cacophony. C.^coPHONY, kitf-kof-o-7ie, s. A harsh or disagreeable sound of words; a depraved or altered state of the voice. In music, a combination of discordant sounds. Cacoteciiny, kak'-o-tek-ne, s. A corrupt art. Cacotropht, kd-kot'-ro-fe, s. A vicious nutrition. } - A fibrous nrineral. Cactal, kak'-tal, s. A cactaceous plant. — a. Resembling a cactus; cactaceous. Cactaceous, kak-ta'-shus, a. Pertaining to the Cactaceae a natni’al order of beautiful plants, of which the cactus is the type, nativesof the West Indies and S. America. Cactus, kak'-tus, s. A genus of plants, remarkable for theu* large and beautiful flowers. Cacuminate, ku-kew'~77ii7i-ate, v.a. To make sharp or pyramidal. Cad ,A:a(i,6. One who tends the doorofan omnibus; a runnei or messenger; a coachman’s helper; a low hanger-on< one employed li*regularly in menial serriceft. CADAVER [ 133 ] OALAMIPEEOUS CADA-VEa, kA-da'-ver^ a. A corpse. CADAVBRou8,A;di-rfav'-«r-tt«, a. Having the appearance of a corpse ; pale ; wan ; ghastly. Cadaverously ^d~dai/-er^us-le In a cadaverous form. Cadavkrodsnebs, kd-dav'-er-us-nes, a. The quality of being cadaverous ; a corpse-like appearance. Caddicb, I kad*-dis, s. Worsted galloon ; a kind of tape Caddis, j or ribbon; lint for dressing a wound; an aquatic worm or grub, otherwise called the cade-worm and the case-worm, from its living in a portable tube, constructed by itself out of grains of sand or shells, or bits of wood, straw, leaves, &c. C\Di)ow.$ kad'-do, s. A chough; a jackdaw. Caddy, Artd'-d# s. A small box for keeping tea. Cade kade, a. Tame ; bred by hand ; domesticated. — v.a. To bring up by hand; to tame. s. A barrel or cask. A cade of herrings is the quan¬ tity of 500: of sprats, 1000. Cadence, ka-de7U, i s. A fall; a decline; a fall of the Cadency, ka!-dense, j voice at the end of a sentence ; the general tone of reading verse; sound or tone ; the modulation of the bars or clauses in music; the termi- natibn of a harmonical phrase on a repose, or on a per¬ fect chord. In horsemanship, an equal measure orpro- £ ortion obser\'ed by a horse in all his motions. In eraldry, the descent and distinction of families. Cadence, A'rt'-dens, v.a. To regulate by musical measure. Cadenced ,ka’-denst,'pp. or a. Having a particular cadence. Cadene, kh-deen', s. An inferior sort of Turkey carpet. Cadent, Arf'-deni, a. Falling down ; sinking. Cadenza, kd-dent'-zd, s. (Ital.) The fall or modulation of the voice in singing. Cade-oil^ kade'-oyl, s. A medicinal oil prepared from the fruit of the oxycedrus. Cadet, kd-det', s. The younger, or youngest son; .. gentleman who serves in the army as a private sol- • dier, with a view to acquire military skill, and obtain a commission ; a pupil m a military academy. Cadew, kd-deu/y s. The caddis, q.v.; an Irish mantle. Cade-worx, kadtf-wurm, s. The case-worm or caddis. Cadqe,$ kad), v.a. To carry a burden. Cadger, kad'-jer, s. One who brings butter, eggs, poul¬ try, &c., to market; a huckster. (Vulgar.) Cadoy, kad'-je, a. Cheerful; merry after good eating and di’inicing. (Local, a7idvulgar.) Cadi, ka'-de, s. A Turkish judge or magistrate. Cadillac, kd-diV-lak, s. A sort of pear. Cadmban, Aad-wic'-a/i,) a. Relating to Cadmus, a reputed Cadmian, kad'-me-an, / prince of Thebes,who is said to have introduced into Greece the sixteen simple letters of the alphabet—a, /3, y, 6, e, k, /i, v, o, tt, p tr, T, e. These are called Cadmean letters. CADMiA,^;ad'-?«e-d,8. An oxideof zinc which collects on the sides of furnaces where zinc is sublimed. Cadmium, kad'-me-nm, s. A white met^, resembling tin, found among the ores of zinc. CaducarTjJ kd-dew'-kd-re, a. Falling or happening by- chance. CAD0CEAN,A:d-deM>'-5e-an,a.BelongingtoMercury’8wand. Caddceus, kd-detv'se-us, s. The rod of Mercury, a wand entwisted by two serpents; also, a herald’s staff. Caducity, + kd-dew'se-te, &. Frailty ; tendency to faU. Caducous, kd-deu/-kus, a. Falling early in the summer, as leaves, or soon after development, as a flower. Cadukb,^: ka'-dewk, a. Fleeting or frau. Cjbcias, se'she-as, s. A -wind from the north-cast. C.ECUM, se'-ium, s. In anerf., the first portion of the large intestine: so named because perforated at one end only. C.«liperou8, se-lif -e-rus, a. Sustaining the heavens. C^LiPOTENT, s€~lip‘-o-te7it, a. Mighty in heaven. C^RULE, se'-rule, a. See Cerule and Cerulean. CESARIAN, se-za'-re-an, a. See Cesarian. CjEsius, se'-zhe-us, a. In bot., of a bluish-gray colour. CiEsPiTosE, ses-pe-tose', a. In bot., growing in tufts. CiESTus, ses'-tus, 8. In ajitiq., the boxing-glove of the Grecian and Roman pugilists. C.«8URA, se-zew'-rd, or seseu/-rd, s. A pause in verse, so introduced as to aid the recital, and render the versi¬ fication more melodious. In Latin verse, the separa¬ tion of the last syllable of any word from those which precede it, and the carrying it forward into another foot. It always renders the syllable on which it falls . long, and is accompanied with a slight pause, called the ctssural pause. C.S9URAL, se-zetv'-ral, a. Pertaining to the emsura. C.STBR 18 PARIBUS, Set' e-vis paV-e-bus. (Lat.) Other things being equal; in like circumstancee. (^**0 Coffee; a coffee-house; a house W'here refreshments of various kinds are kept on sale. Cafenet, s. A^Turkish inn or coffee-house CArFEic,*a/fe -tA,a. Obtained from coffee, as cafeiaxc.ia Caffbin, j «a/ye:in,8. AbittercrystaUizablesubstance Caffeine, j obtamed from coffee. Ci.TFKE,kaf -fer,8. AuativeofCaflfraria,in SouthAfrica. Caftan, kaf-tan, s. A Persian or'T^kish garment Cag,$ kag, s. A small barrel; a keg. CAGE,*q;e,8. A box or enclosure made of wire and wood or of twigs, for confining bfrds or small animals: an enclosure made with iron bars, or with palisades, for confining wild beasts; any place of confinement; a prison for petty criminals. In carpentry, 9.n outer work of timber, enclosing another within it. — v.a. To confine in a cage; to shut up or confine. Caged, kawd, pp. of the verb to cage. Caget, ka'-jet, 8 . A green pan*ot of the Philippine isles Cagmag, kag -mag, s. Tough old geese sent to market tough dry meat; the worst kind of meat. Cagui, kd'-gwe, s. A species of Brazilian monkev. Cahier, kd -ya, s. (Pi*.) A book formed of a lumiber of sheets of paper loosely put together; hence, any work or report printed on loose sheets tacked together - a number of a work that is published in parts. ’ Caic, ka'-ik, ) s. A skiff belonging to a galley; a light Caique, ka-eek', f kind of boat used in the Bosphorus Caiman, Aa'-mmi, s. See Cayman. Caincic, kd-i7i'sik, a. The caincic acid is an acid ob¬ tained from the root of the cainca, a Brazilian plant used in intermittent fevers. Cairn, kayr7i, g , . , . A name given to rounded or conical heaps of stones, which are frequently m«t with in various parts of Great Britain, and which were an¬ ciently erected as sepulchral monuments, or to com¬ memorate some great event, or for tlie purpose of some religious rite. Cairngorm, kayr7i'-gorm, s. A yellow or brown variety of rock crystal, from the mountain of Cairngorm, in Scotland. It is used for seals and other trinkets. Caisson, ka'sun, or kasoon',8. A wooden chest filled with bombs or gimpowder, &c., to biir\' beneath the path of an enemy and explode at the mo ¬ ment of his passing; an ammunition cnest or waggon • a wooden frame used inlaying the foundation of tb e pier of a bridge; a sunken panel m a flat or arched celling'. Caitiff, ka'-tif, s. A mean villain; a despicable knave — a. Base; servile. Cajeput, kaj'-e-put, s. A volatile oil obtained from the leaves of the cajeput-tree, an East Indian plant. Cajole, kd-Jole', v.a. To deceive or delude by flattery to flatter; to wheedle; to soothe; to coax. Cajoled, kd-joald', pp. of the verb to cajole. Cajolement, t kd-jole-ment, s. Cajolery. Cajoler, kd-jole’-er, s. One who cajoles ; a flatterer. Cajolery, kd-jole'-er-e, s. Flattery ; wheedling; deceit. Cake^ kake, s. A small mass of dough baked ; a com- E osition of flour, butter, sugar, or other ingredients aked usually in a small mass; any thing in the fomi of a cake, rather flat than high, but roundish; any mass of matter concreted. — v.a. To form into a cake or mass. — v.n. To concrete, or form into a hard mass to cackle Caked, kaykt, pp. of the verb to cake. Caking, kakd-ing, s. The act of forming into a hai-d mass. Calabar-skin, kaV-d-harskin, s. In com., the Siberian squirrel-skin, of various colours, used in makinn muffs, tippets, ® CA.'LKBk&UykaV-d-hash, s. A tree of two species, of the genus Crescentia, indigenous in the West Indies and tropical parts of America; the fruit of this tree • a vessel made of a dried gourd-shell, or of a calabash shell; also, a name of the gourd-plant, or Cucurbita. Calabrian, kd-la'-bre-an, a. Belonging to Calabria, in Italy. — 8. A native of Calabria, Caladb, kd-lade', s. The slope or declivity of a risin^ man6ge-ground. ” Calaite, kd-la'-ite s. A gem, the turquoise, which see. Calamanco, kal-d-mank'-o, s. A kind of woollen stilff of a fine gloss, and checkered in the warp. * Calamar, kal'-d-mar, I s. A cephalopodous animal Calamary, kaV-d-mar-e, ] the cuttle-fish, or sea-^eeve.* Calamb.\.c, kaV-am-bak, s. See Aqallochum. Calambour, kaV-am-boor, s. A species of aloes-wood, much used in cabinet-making. Calamiferous, kal-d-mif-er-u8, a. Having a long, hoi* low, knotted stem ; reedy; producing reeds. CALAMINE [ 134 ] CALENDERED Calamine, Accr-^-mtn, s. In tntn.,the lapii calaminar%8f an ore of zinc,ranch used in the manufacture of brass. Calamint, kaV-&-niint, s. An aromatic plant. CALAMiSTjt kaV-A~mist, s. A piper. Calamistrate,$ kal-&-mW-tratej v.a. To curl or frizzle the hair. Calamistration,$ kaV-A-mis-tra'-shuny s. The act of curling the hair. Calamit, kal~a-mit, > 8. A variety of hornblende allied Calamite, kal'-A-mitey ) to tremolLte, of a vitreous lus¬ tre, and frequently reed-shaped; also, a fossil plant of the genus Horse-tail, or Equisetum. Calamitous, ka-lam'-e-tus,sl. Involved in deep distress; very unhappy; wretched; producing distress and misery; deplorable; grievous; sad; disastrous. Calamitously, kci-lartV-e-Uis-le, ad. In a distressing or calamitous manner; very unfortunately. Calamitousness, kd.-lam'-e-tus-nesy f-. Deep distress; misery; wretchedness. Calamity, kfi-lam'-e-te, s. Any great misfortune, or cause of misery; adversity; aflSiction; disaster. Calamus, kal'-d.~muSy s. The Indian cane; a genus of palms, one species of which yields the resin called dragon’s blood; the sweet-flag; the root of a sort of reed, or sweet-scented cane, used by the Jews as a perfume. In antiquity, a pipe or fistula, a wind in- stniiuent, made of a reed; also, a reed used as a pen to write on parchment or papyrus. CALANDo,A:rt-i«n'-rfo,s. (Ital.) In music, directs to a dimi¬ nution of time and sound, till the sound is nearly lost. Calandua, kit-lan’-drh, s. A species of lark. Calandre, kaV-ongdr, s. (Fi.) The com or grain weevil, an insect of the beetle tribe, very destructive in gwinaries. Calanoay. kd-lang'-ga, s. A species of wliite parrot. Calappa. m-lap'-pay s. A genus of Crmstaceans. Calash, k&-lash'y s. Alight, low-wheeled Carriage, vrith a covering to be let down at pleasure ; a sort of hood sometimes worn by ladies to protect their headdress ; a hood or top of a carriage, which can be thi’O'wn hack. CALATHIPIUM,AaZ-a-^/i^^^'-e-um,) s. In bot.y the flower- Calathium, knl-a'-the-um, / head of a composite plant, the anthodium of older authors. Calathus, kal'-d~thuSy s. A genus of coleopterous in¬ sects. In antiquity, a sortof basket in which females kept their work ; also, a sort of cup used in sac'*ifices. Calcadis, kal'-kd-diSy s. White vitriol. Calcar, kaW-ar,s. A calcinating furnace used in glass¬ works; a spur in flowers, or a hollow prolongation of leaves downwards; a genus of coleopterous insects. Calcarate, a. In bot., furnished with, or resembling, a spur. Calcareo-arqillaceous, kal-ka'-re-o~ar-jil~la'-shuSy a. Consisting of calcareous and argillaceous earth. Calcadeo-bituminous, kal-ka'-re-o-be-tetv'-min-us, a. Consisting of lime and bitumen. Calcareo-silicious, kal-ka'-re-o-se-lish'-us, a. Consist¬ ing of calcareous and silicious earth. CALCAREO-8ULPHUROu8,A:aZ-Aa'-re-o-SMr-/ur-us,a.HaYing lime and sulphur in combination, or partaking of both. Calcareous, Aai-A:rt'-re-us,a. Partaking of thenature of lime; containing lime.— Calcareous spar, ciystallized carbonate of lime.— Calcareous tufa, see Calc-tuff. Calcareousness, kal-ka'-re-us-nes, s. Quality of being calcareous. Calcavalla, kal-k&-vaV~la, s. A superior kind of sweet white wine made in Portugal. Caloeated, kaV~se~a~tedy s. Shod; wearing shoes. Calcedon. kaV-se-don, s. With jiewellers^ a foul vein, like chalcedony, occurring in some precious stones. Calcedon ic, la. Pertaining to, or re- Calcbdonian, kal-se-do'-ne-an, j sembling, chalcedony. Calcedont, kal-sed'-o-ne, or kal'-se-do-ne, s. See Chal¬ cedony, the more correct orthography. Calceolaria, kal-se-o-la'-re-d, s. Slipperwort, a genus of beautiful herbaceous or shnibby plants. Calces, kal'-seez. s.pl. of Calx, which see. Calcifbrous, kaUsif-er-HS, a. Producing calx or lime. Calciporm, kaV-se~forni, a. In the form of calx. CALCiMURiTE.t kal-se-mew'-rife, s. An earthy mineral of the muriatic genus, of a blue or olive-green colour Calcinablb, kal-sme'-d~bl, or kaV-se~nd-bl, a. That may be calcined. Calcinate, kaV-se-nate, v.a. To calcine. CAt,( IN 4TION. kal-se-na'-shun, s. The process of sub¬ jecting a substance to the action of tire, to drive off Its volatile pans, and tfius reduce it to a friable state; -the operation of reducing a metal to a metallic calx. CALCINA.TORT, ka>, stti ^d-to-rc, 8. A vessel used In cal* cination. Calcine, kal-svi^, or kaV-sin, v.a. To reduce a sub¬ stance to powder, or to a friable state, by heat; Jto reduce to a metallic calx; to consume or destroy. — v.n. To be converted into a powder or friable sub stance, or into a calx, by the action of heat. Calcined, kal-sind', pp. of the verb to calcine, Calcitrate,^ kal'-se-irate, v.n. To kick. Calcitration,^; kaUse-tra-shun, s. The act of kicking. Calcium, kaV-se-um, s. The metallic base of lime. Calcographical, kal-ko~graf'-ik-al, a. Relating to cal- cography. Calcographt, kal-kog'-td-fe, s. The art of engraving in chalk, or the likeness of chalk; an engraving after the manner of a chalk drawing. Calc-sinter, Stalactitic carbonate of linre CA.ijC-8TA.B.ykalk'-spar, s. Calcareous spar, or crystallized carbonate of lime. Calc-tuff, kalk'-tuf, s. Calcareous tufa, a loose deposit of carbonate of lime from water holding it in solution. Calculable, kaV-ku-ld-hl, a. That may be calculated. C-alculary, kal'-ku-ld-re, s. A congeries of little stony knots dispersed through the parenchyma of the pear and other fmits, formed by concretions of the sap. a. Relating to the disease of the stone in the bladder Calculate, kuV-ku-latc, v.a. To compute ; to reckon to adjust by computation ; to estimate ; to project fot any certain end; to suit; to adapt; to fit or prepare by the adaptation of the means to the end; to considei with a due regard to the probable result. — v.n. To make a computation. Calculation, kal-ku-la'-shun, s. The art or act of com¬ puting by numbers; computation ; reckoning ; a de¬ duction of reason; inference; opinion. CLLcviuXTiyZykaV-ku-Ui-tiv, 1 a. I’ertainingtocalcu- Calculatory. I lation,or computation. Calculator, kaV-ku-la-ter, s. A computer, a reckoner. Calcule,^: kal'-kxde, s. Reckoning ; computation. —$ v.a. To calculate. Calculi, kal'-ku-li, s.pl. See Calculus. Calculose, kaV-ku-lose, ) a. Stony; gritty; affected with Calculous, kal'-ku-lus, j the gravel or stone. Calculus^ Afl-r-fcu-ZwSjS.; pi. Calculi. In tned., a morbid concretion of a hard or stony consistence, formed in the bladder or kidneys, and sometimes in other parts, as the gall-bladder, &c.—In math., the term calculus is applied to various branches of algebraical analysis; thus, the differential calculus, is the method of differ¬ encing quantities, or of finding an infinitely small quan tity, which, being taken an infinite number of times, shall be equal to a given quantity. The exponential calculus, is a method of finding and summing up the differentials of exponential quantities. Integral cal¬ culus, is a method of integrating or summing up dif¬ ferential quantities. Literal calculus, is specious arith¬ metic or algebra. Caldron, kawV-dron, s. A large kettle or boiler. Caleche, kd-laysh', s. A kind of carri^e, see Calash. Caledonian, kal-e-do*-ne-an, a. Pertaining to Scotland. — s. A native of Caledonia, the ancient name of Scotland. CALEDONiTE,/:aZ'-c-s, kaV-endZy s.pl. Tlie first day of each month in the ancient Roman calendar. Calendcla., ka-len'-dew-ld, s. In 6 oi., the marigold, an extensive geiuis of plant.s. CALEND 0 LiN,Ad-ien'-a^ie-//n,s. A mucilaginous substance or species of gnra, obtained from the marigold. Calen'tcue, kal'-en-tyur, s. An ardent fever, attended with delirium, incident to seamen in tropical latitud'-s. Calescesce, k(i-les'‘sen$, s. A growing warmth or lu!?Lt. Calf, kd/, s. ; pi. Calves, kdvz. The young of a cow ; a stupia fellow; the thick part of the leg below tlie —The calves of the lips, in Hosea, signify the pure offerings of prayer, praise^ and thanksgiving. Calf-like, kaf-Uke, a. Kesemblmg a calf. Calf-skin, k'df'-skin, s. The hide or sldn of a calf. Caliber, ) kal'-e-ber, 8. The diameter of a round body ; Calibre, j the bore of a gun, or the capacity of its bore Ca>.il/er-co»ipasses, or calibers, see Calipers. — v.a. To measure with caliber-compasses, as a round body. Calibre, kal'-e-ber, or ku-le'-br, a. The compass or capa¬ city of the mind; sort or kind; quality, state, or degree. Calicb, ArtZ'-ts, s. Acup: Chalice. Calico, kal'-e-ko, s. A plain or printed cotton cloth. Calico-printer, kal'-e-Ko-prinr-er, 8. One whose occu¬ pation is to print calicoes. Calico-printing, At/Z'-e-/: 0 'prtnZ'-tn(;, 8. Theartof print¬ ing figui-ed patterns on ci^co, or white cotton clotli. C.AHCULAR, kh-lik'-yu-lar, a. Formed like a cup. Calid, A:aZ'-td, a. Hot' burning; ardent. Calidity, kiiAid'-e-te, s. Heat; slate of being hot. Caliduct, kal’-e-dukt, s. A pipe or tube used to convey heat from a furnace to the apartments of a house. Calif, s. Caliph. Califate, A«t'-r-/aZc, s. Flee Caliphate. CAnoATioNjt kal-e-ga'-shun, s. Darkness; dimness; cloutUness ; obscurity of vision; impaired sight. CALiGiNOus.t a. Dim; obscure; dark. Caliginotjsly, kd-lidj'-in-us-le, ad. Obscurely. Calioinoosness, kd-lid^’-in-us-ncs, s. Dimness; dark¬ ness ; obscurity. Ok^qo, kaV-e-go, s. A disease of the eye, causing dim¬ ness of sight or blindness. Calioraphy^ 7:rt-Ziy'-rd-/«, s. See Calligraphy. Calin, ka'-lin, s. A compound metal, of which the Chinese make tea-canisters, and the like. Calipash, kal-e-pash', s. In cookery, that partof aturtle which belongs to the upper shell. Calipfe, kal-e-pe', s. In cookery, tliat part of a turtle wliich belongs to the lower shell. Caliper, kal'-e-per, s. Same as caliber, or calibre. Calipers, kal'-e-perz, ) s.pl. A sort Caliper compasses, kal'-e-per kum'-pas-ez, j of com¬ asses made with curved legs for measuring the cali- er or diameter of round bodies, as masts, shot, &c. Caliph, ka'-lif, s. A title assumed by the successors of Mahomet, who were vested with absolute sovereignty ill both civil and religious matters. Caliphate, 1 b. The office, dignity, or go- Califhsiiip, ka'-lif-ship, j vernment of a caliph. Calippic, kd-lij/-pic, a. The coHppic period, in chrono¬ logy, is a recurring period of 76 years, at the termina¬ tion of which it was erroneously supposed by Calippus, an Athenian astronomer, that the lunations, &c., of the moon would return again in the same order. Calisthenic, kal-is-therx'-ik, a. Pertaining to calis¬ thenics; gymnastic. C\hisTHE.sics,kal-i8-the7i'-ik.'i,$.Tp\. Exercises designed to pi’omote grace of movement and strength of body. Caliver, kal'-e-ver, s. A hand-gun; an arquebusc. Calix. ka'-lix, s. A cup : see Calyx. Calixtins, ka-lix'-tins, s.pl. A sect of Hussites in Do- heinia, who differed from the Catholics cldefiy in giving tlie communion cup to laymen. Calk, kawk. v.a. To stop or stuff the seams of a ship with oakum. In Amei-ica, to ann the shoes of a hor.->e or an ox with sharp points, to prevent the animal from slipping: called in England, to rough-shoe. — s. In America, the same as calkin in England, q.v.; also, an instrument with sharp iron points, worn on ilio shoes of men to prevent slipping on the ice. Ca-IjK, kalk, v.a. To copy a drawing, by covering the back of it witTT black lead or red chalk, and then trac¬ ing the Lines through on paper, &c.. with a blunt style. CALKiD,ileatcA;<,pp. of the verb to calk {kawk^ Calked, kalkt, pp. of the verb to ealK {xalki . Calker, kawk'-er, s. One who calks a ship ; a calkin. Calkin, kawk'-in. s. A prominent part at the extremity of a horse-shoe, bent downwards, and brought to sort of poiut, to prevent the animal from slipping. Cki.\LiiiQ,kaivkF-ing, s. The act, art, or practice of stop ping up the seams of a vessel with oakum. Calking, kalk'-ing, s. The act or art of copying a draw¬ ing by covering the back of it with black le4d or t(.\ chalk, and then tracing the lines of the design with a style on to a paper, waxed plate, or other prepared surface, placed behind it. Calkinq-iron, kawk'-ing-i-urn, s. An instrument like a chisel, used in calking ships. Call, kawl. v.a. To name ; to denominate ; to hail; to request to come; to summon; to convoke; to con¬ vene ; to invite; to proclaim ; to appoint, or designate, as for an office, duty, or employment; to warn; to ex¬ hort; to invoke ; to apjieal to ; to own and acknow¬ ledge; to esteem or account.— To call back, to revoke; to retract; to recall.—To call for, to demand, require, or claim; to ask; to request.—To call in, to collect; to withdraw from circulation ; to summon together; to invite to come together.— To call forth, to bring oi summon to action.— To call off, to summon away; tc divert.— To call over, to read aloud a list, name by name; to recite separate particulars in order.—To call out, to summon to fight; to challenge; to summon into service.—To call to mind, to recollect.—To call up, to bring into view or recollection; to bring into action or discussion. — v.n. To address by name ; to utter the name ; to stop without intention of staying; to make a short visit.— To call on, to make a short visit to ; to solicit a favour, to demand the performance of a duty, or the payment of a debt. In a theological sense, to pray to, or wor ship.—To call out, to utter in a loud voice; to bawl.— To call upon, to implore. — 8. A vocal address, of .summons or invitation ; de¬ mand; requisition; public claim; request of a public body or society; command; divine vocation or sum¬ mons from heaven; impulse; a short visit; vocation calling, or employment in life; a nomination; a mineral otherwise called tungsten; the cry of a bird to its young or to its mate at coupling time ; a noise or cry made by a fowler in imitation of a bird, or a ipe to call birds, by imitating their voice; a lesson lown on the horn by a huntsman to cheer the hounds in their search of game; a whistle or pipe u.sed on board ship by Die boatswain and lus mates to summon the sailors to their duty.—A call of the house, in parliamentary language, is a calling over the names of the members, to ascertain who are absent without leave, or for some other purpose; also, a summons to the various members to be present at a slated time, for the consideration of some importan* measure. Callat,^ kal'-lat, 8. See Calt.et. Call-bird, kawV-berd, s. A bird taught to allure others into a snare. Called, katvld, pp. of the verb to call. Caller, kawV-er, s. One who calls. CalleTjJ kaV-iet, s. A trull or a scold. —$v.n. To rail; to scold. CalliCo,^ kal'-le-ko, s. See Calico. CALLiDjt a. Crafty; wise; cunning. Calliditt, Is. Skill; discernment Callidne8s,$ kaV-lid-nes, / shrewdness; craftiness. Calligraphic, la. Pertaining to Calliqraphical, AaZ-Ze-£?ra/'-iA;-aZ, | caligraphy. Calligraphist, kal-lig'-rh-fist, s. An elegant penman. Calligraphy, kal-lig'-rd-fe, s. The art of Deautiful writing; elegant penmanship; t polite Uteratui*e. Callimanco, kal-le-7nank'-o, s. See Calamanco. Calling, kaivl'-ing, s. A naming, or inviting; a re¬ citing in order; a caU of names with a view to obtain an answer; vocation; profession ; trade; usual occu¬ pation, or employment; station; class of persons en¬ gaged in any profession or employment; divine sum¬ mons, vocation, or invitation. Callionymus, kal-le-on'-e-mus, s. A genus of beautiful Acanthopterygious fishes, commonly called Dragonets. In bot., the lily of the valley, a species of Convallaria. Calliope, kal-W-o-pe, s. In mythology, the muse who presides over eloquence and heroic poetry. CallipJ5DIA, kal-le-pe'-de-A, s. A beautiful progeny. Callipers, AoZ'-?e-pcrz, 8.pi. See Calipers. Callisthenics, kal-lis-then'-iks, s.pl. 6V« Caxxstbekios. CALLOSITY C 13(5 ] CAMEL t/A.LLOsiTT,A‘a.4os'-c-#«, s. AhardBWellin^jWilhoutpam; a piece of bare hardened skin, as on the -b^ast and Umbs of camels, and the buttocks of monkeys; a knob. Callot, kal'-lot, s. See Calotte. Callous, knl'-lns^ a. Hard; indurated; hardened in mind; insensible; unfeeling; obdurate. Callously, kal'-lus-le, ad. In a callous manner. Callousness, 8. Hardness; insensibility. Callow, Aai'-Zo, a. Unfledged; naked. Callus, kaV-lua^ s. A preternatural hardness of any part of the body, particulaidy of the skin from fric¬ tion ; the new growth of osseous matter between the extremities of fractured bones, serving to unite them. Calm, k'dvi, a. Still; quiet; serene ; not agitated or ex¬ cited ;iindisturbed ; tranquil; composed. — 8. Stillness; tranquillity ; quiet; repose ; peace; free¬ dom from motion, agitation, or disturbance. — v.a. To still; to quiet; to pacify; to allay; to compose. Calm-browed, kdm -browd, a. "Wearmg a calm mien. Calmer, k'dm'-erj s. The person or thing that calms. Calmly, k'dm'Aey ad. In a calm manner; quietly; gently; coolly; dispassionately. Calmness, Aawi'-«e«, s. Quietness; stillness; tranquil¬ lity ; serenity ; repose ; composure ; mildness. Calmy, katn'-e. a. Calm; quiet; peaceable. Calographt, Ad-^og'-fd-/e, s. Same as Caligraphy. Calomel, kal'-o-viel, s. A chloride of mercury,' much used in medicine, especially as a purgative. Caloric, kd.-lor'-ik, s. Heat, or the matter, cause, or principle of heat. — a. Pertaining to the matter of heat. Caloriferb, kd-lor'-e-feery s. An apparatus for convey¬ ing and distributing heat, especially in conservatories. Calorific, kal-o-rif'-ik, a. Heating; causing heat.— Calorijic rays, certain invisible, heating rays of the sun. Calorification ^ kd-lor-e-J'e-ka'-s/utn, s. The production of heat, especially of animal heat. Ca lorimeter, -o-riin'-c- ter, s. An apparatus for mea¬ suring relative quantities of heat, or the specific ca¬ loric of bodies; or an instrument for measuring the heat given out by a body in cooling, from the quan¬ tity of ice it melts. Calorimotor, ka-lor-e-mo'-ier, s. A galvanic instrument for evohing caloric, in which tlie caloric influence or effects are attended by scarcely any electrical power. Calotte, kd-lot',) s. (Pr.) A cap or coif worn by Romish Calote, / ecclesiastics; also, a military skull¬ cap. In arch., a round cavity or depression. Calotype, kaV-o-tipe, s. A particular kind of photo¬ graphy, invented by H. P. Talbot. Caloyers, k&-loy'-erz, \ s.pl. Monks of the Greek Calogeri, ka-lodf-e-ri,j Church. Calp, kalp, 8 . Argillo-feiTuginous limestone. Caltha, kal'-thd, 8 . The marsh marigold, a genus of ranunculaceous plants. Caltrop, kal'-trop, s. An instrument with four iron spikes disposed in a triangular form, so that three of them being on the ground, the other point is up¬ ward. They are sometimes used to impede the pro¬ gress of an enemy’s cavalry, by endangering the feet of the horees. In the Ti-ibulus, a kind of tliLstle. Calumba, k(i-luni'-ba, s. The Coccidus pahiiatxis.,a plant of Mozambique. 'I'he calumba root is a bitter tonic, much used in medicine. Calumet, kaV-yxi-7j)et, s. Among the Korth American Indians, a pipe for smoking tobacco, used in making treaties, and particularly as a symbol of peace. Calumniate, kh-Uim'-iie-ate, v.a. To charge falselv and maliciously with something criminal,inimoral, or dis¬ graceful; to slander; to vilify ; to traduce. — v.n. To accuse falsely; to propagate evil reports, with a design to injm*e the reputation of another. Calumniation, ka-lum-ne-a'-shun, s. False accusation of a crime or offence, or a malicious and false repre¬ sentation of the words or actions of another. Calumniator, 8 One who maliciously propagates false accusations or reports; a slanderer. Calumniatory, ) a. Slanderous;false; Calumnious, k&-lum'-7ie-us, \ deflimatory. Calumniously, ka-lum'-7ie-u$~le, ad. Slanderously. Calumniousness, ka-lum'-ne-us-nes, s. Siandcrousnoss- Calumny, kal'-um-ne, s. False accusation of a ciume or offence, maliciously made or reported; slander. Calvary, kal'-vh-re, s. A place of skulls, the name of the mount where Christ was crucified; a Roman Catholic chapel erected on a hillock near a city, in which are represented the mysteries of the crucifixion. In her., a cross so cal'sd, set upon steps. Calve, A:tty, ym. To S ring forth young, as a row. Ilia metaphoriccu sense, to bring forth; to pruauc«. Calves, Araez, s.pl. of Calf. CALVE 8 ’-sNouT,%atJ 2 '-fi»ioii'^, 8. A plant, the snapdragon Calver,$ kdv'-er, v.a. To cut in slices, as fish. —$ v.n. To shrink by cutting^ and not fall to pieces. CA.i.yiLLB,Jcal'-vil, s. A sort ot apple. Calvinism^ kal'-vin-izm, s. The system of religious dob trine mamtained by Calvin and his followers. Calvinist, 8. A follower of the theological doctrines of Calvin. Calvinistic, kal-vin-isf-ik, ) a. Pertaining to the Calvinistical. kal-vin-ist'-ik-al, j doctrines of Calvin. Calvinize, kal'-vin-ize, v.a. To convert to Calvinism,. Calvish, k'dv’-ish, a. Like a calf. Calvity, kal'-ve-te, s. Haldness. Calx, kalx, s. (Lat. plur., Voices; Eng., Calzes.) Pro¬ perly, lime or chalk; more appropriately, the sub¬ stance of a metal or mineral which remains after being subjected to violent heat, solution by acids, or de¬ tonation by nitre, and which is or may be reduced to a fine powder. Metallic calces are now called oxides. —Calx viva, quicklime, or lime not slacked. Calycanthus, kal-e-kan-thus, s. A genus of shnibs Calycinal, kd-lis'-in-al, ) a. Pertainingto acalyx ; situ Calycinb, kal'-e-sifi, j ated on a calyx. Calycle, kaV-e-kl, s. In hot., a row of leaflets at the base of the calyx on the outside. In tool., a small cup’ like prominence on a coral, containing a polype-cell. I Calycule, kal’-e-kewl, s. In hot., a little calyx ; a mem¬ branaceous border surrounding the apex of a seed. Calymene, kd-lim'-e-iie, s. A genus of trilobites. Calypso, kd-lip'-so, s. In mythology, the goddess oi Silence, and queen of Ogygia, in the Ionian Sea- Ulysses being shipwrecked on her coast, she became enamoured of him, and tried every art in vain to de • tain him.—In hot., a genus of perennial plants. Calypter, kd-lip'-ter, ) s. In hot., the calyx or hood of a Calyptra, ) moss; aspeciesof seed covering. Calyptrate, A5d-/tp'-iraic, a. Having a calyplra. Calyptriform, a. Having the form >l a calyplra. Calyx, s. (Lat. plur. Calyces; Eng. Calyxes.) The outer covering of a flower. Calzoons,^: kal-zoo7iz\ s.pl. Drawers. Cam, kam, s. A mechanical contrivance for changing » circular motion into an alternate one, or vice versd. Camaieu,J s. A caw#’o,q.v.; a monochrome, a kind of painting wherein there is only one colours cliiefiy employed in representing basso-relievos. Camber, kam'-ber, s. Among builders, an arch on the top of an aperture, or on the top of a beam.— Camber- bcam, a piece of timber cut archwise, or with an ob tuse an;^e in the middle.— Camber-wijidow, one which is arched above.—A cattibercd-deck, is an arched dock declining towards the stem and stern. — v.a. or n. To bend ; to arch. Cambering, kam'-ber-ing, ppr. or a. Arched; bending Cambial, kam'-be-al, a. Peitaining to cambistry. Cambist, kain'-hist, s. A banker ; one who deals in bilJ# and notes of exchange ; one skilled in cambistry. Cambistry, kain'-bist-re, s. The science of commercial exchanges, of the relative value of foreign coins, ano also of weights and measures. Cambium^ s. A viscid secretion which, in the sprmg, separates the alburnum of an exogenous plant from the liber, or inner bark, during vegetation. .Camblet, kamb'-let,s. See Camlet. 'Camboqe. See Gamboge. Camboosb, kum-boos^, s. A ship’s cook-room or kitchen. Cambrel, kam'-hrel, s. A crooked piece of wood or iryzi to hang meat on : see Gambrel. Cambrian, kam'-bre-an, a. Pertaining to Cambria Of ■\Vales; Welsh. —s. AnativeofAVales; aSVelshman Cambric, kamtf-brik, s. A species of fine while linen originally manufactured at Cambray. Came, kame, pret. of the verb to come. — 8. A sm^i slender rod of cast lead, of which glazien make their turned lead for the glass of casements. Camel, kam'-el, s. A large ruminant quadruped, with¬ out horns, much used in Asia and Africa as a beast oi burden. There are two species, the Bactrian camsi, distinguished by two humps on the back, and the Ai .**- . feian ca^nel, or Dromedary, which has one hump only ' JnJIoUand, a large floating machine for bearing ships over bars into a harbour- CAMEL-BAOEED [ 137 ] CANAEY-SEED CambL'BACkbd, kam’-eUbdktf a. Uaring a back like a camel; humpbacked. Cambleon, 8. See Chameleon. Camellia, kd-rnel'-le-A, 8. A genus of beautiful flower¬ ing evergreen shrubs, natives of China and Japan. Camelopaed, k&-mel'-O'pdrdy or karn'-eUo-piird, s. An African ruminant animal, the tallest of known ani¬ mals, somewhat resembling a camel, but spotted like a panther. It is now usually called the giraffe. Camelot, kam'-e-loty 8. See Camlet. Cameo, kanV-e-Oy s. A variety of onyx; any stone so veined as to represent various figures or represent¬ ations of landscapes; a general name for any pre¬ cious stone or shell cut in relief, but more particularly, a stone composed of several diJferent coloured layers having a subject in relief cut upon one or more of the upper layers, an under layer forming the ground. (This word was formerly written Camaieu.) CAMEUADBji kam'-e-rade, s. See Comrade. CAMERALiSTic,Aa7n-e-rd-Z»s'-ftA,a. Pertaining to finance. Cameralistics, karn~e-rd-lis'‘tik$y s.pl. The science of public finance or revenue. Camera lucida, kam'-e^rd lu'-se~d&y s. An optical in¬ strument by means of which the image of any object may be made to appear on the wall in a light room, or on paper, canvas, &c. It affords great facilities for drawing objects in true perspective, and for copying, reducing, or enlarging other drawings. Camera obscura, kain'-e-rd ob-sku'~rdy s. An optical machine or contrivance by means of which the images of external objects are exhibited distinctly, and in their native colours, on a white surface placed witliin a darkened chamber. CAMERATE,t kani'-er-atBy v.a. To vault, To ceil. Camerated, kamf-er^a-tedy pp. or a. Arched; vaulted. — a. In conchologgy divided into chambers. CAMKRATioN,A:a»i-er-a'-«/iun,s. An arching or vaulting. Cameronians, kam-e-ro'-ne~anZy s.pl. A sect of Pres¬ byterian dissenters in Scotland, thus named from their founder, Richard Cameron, a nonconformist divine. CAMERT,/:am'-e-re,8. A disease in horses, see Frodnce. Camis,$ kam'-is, s. A thin, transparent dress. Camisade, A;aw-t«-ade', or fcam-e-sad'. Is. An attack Camisado, fca^n-e-so'-do, or A;am-e-sa'-do, I by soldiers at night, when the enemy is supposed to be in bed. Ch.yiish.T&'okaM’-is-a-tedyZ.. Dressedwith a shirt outward. Camlet, kam'-let s. A thin cloth or stuff, originally made of camel’s hair, but now usually of wool, or of goat’s hair,sometimes mixed with silk, cotton, or linen. Camleted, kam’-let-edy a. Coloured or veined. Gammas, fcam'-mas, 8. A kind of bulbous root, found in Oregon, and used as food by the Indians. Cammock, kam'-moky s. Kest-harrow, a weed. Camomile, A;am'-o-mt7e, 8. See Chamomile. Camous, Aiet'-wus, ) a. Flat; depressed: applied only Camoys, ka-moys'y t to the nose, and little used. Camoused, ka'-must. a. Depressed ; crooked. Camouslt, ka'-mus-le, ad. Awry. Camp, kampy s. The ground on wliich an army pitches its tents; the order or disposition of the tents of a body of troops in the field; an army or body of troops encamped; an encampment; the tent or tents, and the place on which they are pitched, of any travelling or wandering party. In agriculture, a heap of pota¬ toes, turnips, &c., laid up for preservation through the winter. — v.a. or n. To encamp; to pitch a camp ; to fix tents. CAMPAGNOL,)krtm-po 5 r'-«ol, 8 . A species of snort-tailed rat. Campaign, kam-panef, s. An extensive tract of open country without considerable hills; the time that an army engaged in war keeps the field without entering into winter-quarters. — v.n. To serve in a campaign. Campaigner, kam-pan^-er, g. One who has served in many campaigns; an old experienced soldier; a veteran. Campana, kam-pa'-ndy s. The pasque-flower. Campania,^ kam-pa'-ne-d, 8. See Campaign. Campaniporm, kam-pan'-e-form, a, In bot., bell-shaped. Campanile, fcrt^n-pd-ne'-la, 8. (It.) Aclock or bell-tower. CAMPANOLooT,Aa«i-p resembl ing open net-work. Cancellated, kan'-sel-la-tea, a. Cross-barred; having cross lines; reticulated; canccUato; cellular. Cancellation, kan’-sel-la-&hun, s. The act of expung¬ ing or defacing by cross lines; a cancelling; obliteration. Cancelled, Aa/j'-seW, pp. of the verb to cancel. Cancelling, kan'-sel-fing, ppr. of the verb to cancel. — s. The act of effacing, obliterating, or annulling. Cancer, kan'-ser, s. The crab or crab-fish. In zooL, a genus of Crustacea, comprehending the crab, lobster, cray-fish,and shrimp. In rts^r.,oncof the twelve signs of the zodiac, the sign of the summer solstice, repre¬ sented by the form of a crab. In nied., a roundish, scirrhous tumour, which usually ulcerates, is very painful, and generally fatal. Cancerate, kan'-ser-ate, v.n. To become cancerous. i'.ANCERATioN, Aan-ser-o'-5/iim,s. Agrowing cancerous. l’ANCERODs,Aan'-ser-i'-rm, or ka'-prine, a. Like a goat; per¬ taining to a goat; lustful; libidinous. Caprine, kap'-rin , s. A substance found in butter, which. with butyrine and caprone, gives it its peculiar taste and odour. Capriole, kap -re-ole, s A leap made by a horse with out advancing from the place on which he stands; i caper in dancing. Capriped. knp'-re-ped, a, Having feel like a goat. Caprizant. /jrtp'-j'fi-srtjii, a. In uneven; leaping. Caproatb. kav'-ro-ate s. In ckem., a salt formed by tnc union of caproic acid with a base.. Caproic ACID, Artp-ro'-z7c-rts'-if?, s. An acid formed durinj^ the saponification of butter. Caprone, kap'-rone, s. A substance found in butter. Capsheaf, kap'-sheef, s. The top sheaf of a stack of grain. Capsicine, kap'-se-sm, s. An alkaline principle found in some species of capsicum. Capsicum, kap'-se-kum, s. A genus of tropical plants, the seeds and fi*uits of which are powerful stimulants, and afford apungent red pepper, called cayenne. Capsize, kap size', v.a. To upset or overturn. Capsized, kap-slzd', pp. of the verb to capsize. Capstan, kap'-stan. s. A species of windlass which turns on a vertical axis, commonly employed on board ships to raise heavy weights, as the anchors, &c., or to perform other work rcci^uiring great power. It consists of a massy column of timber, formed like a truncated cone, furnished with a strong cable, and having its upper extremity pierced to receive a series of levers, by which it is turned. Capstern, kap'-stern, s. An incorrect orthography ol Capstan. ... Capstone, kap'-stone, s. A kind of fossil echinite. Capsular, Arti/-s?<-irtr, \ Hollow, like a Chest. C APSULARY , kap -sn-ld-re ,) Capsulatb, kap'-sxi-late, ) a. Enclosed in a capsule, Capsulated, kap'-sxi-ln-ted, j or as in a chest or box. Capsula, kap'-sxi-ld, \ s. A small cap, or cover; the Capsule, kap'-sewl, j seed-vessel ot a plant; a small basin or cup in which samples, of ores are melted. also, a small, shallow, evaporating dish. InrtMni., a membranous production enclosing a part like a bag. In phar.y a small, usually^ globular, lozenge, contain¬ ing some nauseous specific. Captain, kap'-tin, s. A head or chief ofl3cer; the com¬ mander of a company of foot, of a troop of horse, or of a ship; a chief commander; a man skilled in war or military affaii'S.—acommandor-iu- chief; the military commander of a province. Sec. —t a- Chief; valiant. Captaincy, itrtp'-e,s. The science which treats of the heart. CARDiTE,fcar'-rftf«,s. A fossil shell of the genus Cardium. Carditis, kar-di'-tis, s. Inflammation of the heart. Cardium, s. The cockle, a genus of heart- shaped shells, of numerous species. Card-maxer, ka^rd'-make-eryS. A maker of cards. Card-match, Aa/ rf' mntsh, s. A match made by dipping pieces of card in lUelted sulphur. Cardoon, kar-doon, s. A plant, a species of artichoke. Card-player, hard’ pla-er, s. One given to, or fond of, playing at cards. Card-table, ta-bl,B. A table constructed for play¬ ing cards on. Carduub, kar'-du-tn, s. The thistle, a genus of com¬ posite plants.— Ca-rduus henedictus, the blessed thistle, a popular name of a species of Centaurea. Care, kare, 8. Solicitude; anxiety; caution; regard; attention ; heed ; chai*ge or oversight; du*ection; the object of care, or of watchful regard and attention. — v.n. To be anxious or solicitous ;■ to be concerned about; to be inclined ; to have regard to. Care-crazed, karef-krayzd, a. Broken or disordered by care or solicitude. Carbct,^ kar'-ekt, 8. A charm ; a charact. Careen, kd-reen', v.a. To lay a ship on one side, for the purpose of calking, paying, or repairing. Careen, v.n. YotnclinetoonRsiae,asR8liip uridernress of sail. Careenage, kd-reen'-aje, s. A place to careen a ship • expense of careening. ’ Careened, kd-reend', pp. of the verb to careen. Careening, kd-reen'-ing, s. The act of heaving a ship on one side, for the purpose of repairing the other. Career, kd-reer', s. The ground on which a race is nm ; a course; a race; speed; general course of action course of proceeding ; time of service ; life. —t v.n. To move or run rapidly. Careful, kare'-fid, a, Pull of care, producing care, anxious; solicitous;cautious; circumspect; provident heedful; vigilant; watchful. CAREFULLY,Artre'-/iii-Ze,ad. AVith care; anxiously; heod- fiiUy; attentively; providently; cautiously. Carefulness, A:rt»*/-/«i-nes,s. Anxiety; solicitude; heed fulness ; caution ; vigilance. Careless, .tare'-?es, a. Having no care; heedless; neg¬ ligent; incautious; free from care or anxiety ; uncon¬ cerned for; thoughtless; contrived; without art. Carelessly, kare'-les-le, ad. Heedlessly ; inattentively ; negligently ; without care or concern. Carelessness, A«rt;'-Zes-«€s, s. Heedlessness; inatten¬ tion ; negligence; absence of care. CARENCY,$,Aa'-ren-se, s. Lack; want. Carentane, kar'-e7i-tane, s. A papal indulgence. Caress, A:rt-rcs',v.a. To treat with affection oi kindness; to fondle ; to embrace with affection. — s. An act of endearment; a tender embrace. Caressed, kd-7'est', pp. of the verb to caress. Caressing, kd-res'-vng, s. The act of treating with en¬ dearment or affection; cares.s Caressingly, kd-re^-ing-le, ad. In a caressing manner. Caret, ka'-ret, s. A mark thus, A^^ised in writing, to indicate that something has been there omitted, which is interlined above, or inserted in the mar*;in. Care-tuned, kare'-teivnd, a. Tuned by care ; mournful. Care-w'ounded, Artre'-icoonri-ed, a. Wounded with care. Cargason,± kar-gd-su7i, s. A cargo, which see. Cargo, kar-go, s. The lading or freight of a ship ; the goods, merchandise, or wares conveyed in a ship. Cargoose, ka7''-goos, s. A water-fowl of the genus Co- lyrabus, the (>ested-diver. Cariated,-!' ka'-re-a-ted, a. Rotten ; carious. Cariatides, kar-e-at'-e-deez, s.pl. See Caryatides. Carib, /car'-t&jS. An aboriginal of the West India Islands. Oaribbee, kar-ib-be', a. Denoting the eastern group of the West India Islands, othcr'wise called the Leeward and th >iViudward Islands. CARiBBEEAN,i*ar-t6-6e'-a?i,a. Pertaining to the Caribbee Islands. The Caribbeeaii Sea is that part of the Atlan¬ tic Ocean which lies south of the islands of Jamaica. St. Domingo, and Porto Rico. Cariboo, kar-e-hoo, s. A quadruped of the stag kind. Carica, kar'-e-kd, s. The generic name of the Papjiw- tree ; also, the trivial name of the common fig-tree. Caricature, kar'-e-kd-tyure, s. A representation or de¬ scription, which, though bearing a resemblance to the original, is so exaggerated as to be ridiculous. — v.a. To make or draw an exaggerated or grotesque resemblance of; to ridicule. Caricatured, kar'-e-kd-teivrd, pp. of to caricature. C.\Kicji.rvRisT,kar-e-kd-ty7ire'-ist,s. One who caricatures. Caricography, kar-e-kog'-rd-fe, s. That branch of bo¬ tany which treats of the Sedges. Caricous, ka7‘'-e-kus, a. Reseinbling a fig. C.ARiEs, kaf-re-ecz, s. Rottenness or ulceration of a bone , a decayed bone or tooth. C.arillon, kar'-il-lun, s. A small hand-bell; an air for perfonnance on small bells ; a chime. Carina, kd-re'-nd, s. In hot., the keel or that part of a papilionaceous flower consisting of two petals united, or separate, which encloses the pai*ts of fructification Carinate, A:ar'-e-7iai«, is. In and ooacA., shaped Carin AXED, kar'-e-na-ted, j like tlie keel of a ship. Carinthin, » kd-ri7i'-thin, s. In tnin., a black, massive Carinthine, I variety of hornblende. Cariole, kar^-e-ole, s. A small open carriage, resem¬ bling a calash. Cariopsis, ka-re-op'-sis, s. See Caryopsis. Cariosity, ka-re-os'-e-te, s. Mortification or ulceration of a bone: rottenness. Carious, a. Rotten or ulcerated, as abone,&c. CARK,t Artr/:, 8. Care; anxiety; solicitude. —t v.n. To be careful, anxious, or solicitous; to be concerned. CarkinOjJ s. SameasCARX. —X PP- or a, Disnessing ; perplexing; giving anxiety GAEL [ 144 ] CAEEIA&E Oarl, j h,art, 8. A kind of hemp, if a rude, rustic, brutal Lakle,/ man ; achurl. — t V.n. To act like a churl. '“ir-hn, s. A silTor coin of Naples, the tenth part of a ducat, = 4d. Cahline, kar'-lin, | s. A piece of timber in a ship, ^ n’ ^ fore and aft, from one deck beam to another, directly over the keel, and serving as a foundation for the body of the ship — tarime-Ancfs, timbers in a ship lying across from the sides to the hatchway, and serving to sustain the deck. CARLiNE-THisTLp:,/;n)-'-im-tAi^.«, 8. The English name of tile composite plant Carlinci vulgaris, ^ar.lish, 4^ A:a?‘Z'-t,sA, a. Cliurlish; mde. ‘■^ARLiSHNEss, hari'-ish-ties, s. See CHtjaLisiiNESS. Larlock^^ har'-lok, s. A land of isinglass obtained from llussia; a plant of tlie mustard kind. s. A countryman; a rustic. to Char- C,^MAjr, Kar-ina7i, s. A man 'wnose occupation is to i drive a cart, or convey gooes ana otner tnmgs m a cart I Carmagnole, Kar - inm^-yoie . s. a name given aurimr ' tiie earlier part ot tne nrst irrenen revolution to tne nuiitary recruits w'no jomea tne cause of tne repuouc. ! s- Itelonging to the order of CARMELITE, j Carmelites. C.AaMELiTE, s. A mendicant Mar of the order of Mount Carmel; a sort of pear. Carminative, har-min'-u-tiv, a. ExpclUng wind from the body; warming; antispasmodic\ — s. A mecUcine which tends to expel wind, or to ^ remedy colic and flatulency. * Carmine, karjumiCfS. A lake-red pigment or colour. Slaughter; massacre; havoc; destruction of flesh; +heaps of flesh, as in shambles. Carnal kar'-nal a. Pertaming to flesh; fleshly; on- , l’exulunSr^.^“^“"‘’ Carnalism, s. Indulgence of sensuality Carnalist, kar'-iial‘ist, s. One given to carnalitv CAnNALiTE,t iiM-'-Koi-iic, s. A worldly-muided man. Carnality, kar-nal -e~te, s. P’leshly lust; sensuality ■ grossness of mind or desire ; love of sensual plcasur^! Carnalize, 7crti- -nal-tzc, v.a. To debase to carnalitv. .CARNALLY, iar-nal-le, ad. In a carnal manner; lust- fully; according to the flesh ; not spiritually CARNAL-MINDED, Atir'-nai-jHDid'-ed a. 'VVorldly-mindod Grossness Carnation, kar-na'-shtm, s. The flesh colour of tem- partsof a picture,exhibiting Uie colour of the flesh; the popular name of the plant Bianthus caryophyllus, or clove pink. ^ Carnationed, kar-''-re-Mn,s. The dead and putrefying body or tiesh of animals; flesh so corrupted as to be unfit for food; a term of reproach for a worthless woman. — a. Relating to, or feeding upon,putrefying carcases. Carronadb, kar-rtm-ade'y s. A short piece of ordnance. Carroon, kar-roo}i\ s. A variety of cherry; a toll paid for the privilege of driving a cart in the city of London. Carrot, kar’-rut^s. An esculent root, of a red or yellow colour, the Daucus carota. Carrotiness, kar'-rut~e-7ies,8. The state ofbeingcarroty. Carroty , kar-rict-e, a. Like a carrot in colour; red dish ; yellowish; an epithet given to red hair. Carrows, kar'-rozCy s.pl. In Ireland, a name formerly given to strolling gamesters, or persons who wandered about and got their living by cards and dice. Carry, fcar'-re, v.a. To bear, cnivey, or transport; to support or sustain; to cause to go; to transfer; to produce; to effect; to accomplish; to gain; to bear out; to face through; to urge, impel, lead, or draw, noting moral impulse ; to have; to imply or import; to show, display, or exhibit to view; to contain or comprise; to obtain possession of anyplace by force, as in war. —To carry on, to manage; to transact; to prosecute; to continue ; to assist; to help forward.— To carry one’s self, to behave,conduct, or demean.—To carry off, to remove ; to destroy.—To carry through, to accomplish.—To carry away, among seameii, to lose.— To carry coals, to bear injuries.—To carry coals to Netv- castle, to bring things to a place where they already abound; to lose one’s labour. — v.n. To transport; toconveyorpropel,asagun,&c.; to run on rotten ground, or on frost, which sticks to the feet, as a hare; to bear the head in a particular manner, as a horse. —X s. The motion of the clouds. Carry-all, A light vehicle for one horse, designed to carry a number of persons. Carrying, kar'-re-ing, s. A bearing, conveying, re¬ moving, or transporting.—Carryinj? trade, the trade which consists in the franspoi-tation of goods by M'ater from country to country, or place to place.— Carrying wind, among horsemen, is when a horse tosses liis nose as high as his ears. Carry-tale, s. A tale-bearer. Carse, orCARSE-LAND, kuTs'-land^ s. Low, fertile land, adjacent to a river; alluvial soil in a state of aration. Cart, kart, s. A two-wheeled .carriage used in hus¬ bandry, or for canwing goods, «&c. — v.a. To carry or convey in a cart; to place in a cart. — v.n. To use cans for carriage. Cartage, kartf-aje, s. The act of carting or of carry¬ ing in a cart; the price paid for carting. C.vrt-bote, knrif-bote, s. In old law, an allowance of wood to which a tenant was entitled for making and repairing carts and other implements of husbandry, Carte, kart, s. (Fr.) A card , a bill of fare. Carte-blanche, kart‘blongsh', s. (Fr.) A blank paper signed at the bottom with a person’s name, given to another person with permission to superscribe what conditions he pleases \nence, unconditional terms; un¬ limited power to decide. Cartel, kar-teV,ov kar'-tel, s. An agreement between hostile states relating to the exchange of prisonei-s; a ship employed in the exchange of prisoners, or in car¬ rying propositions to an enemy; t ^ letter of defiance or challenge. —* v.n. To challenge ; to defy. Carter, karf-er, 8. The man who drives a cart; one whose occupation is to drive a cart. Carterly,$ karf-er-le, ad. Kude, like a carter. Cartesian, kar-fe'-zhan, a. Pertaining to the philo¬ sopher l)es Cartes, or to his philosophy. — 8. One who adopts the philosophy of Des Cartes. Carthagini.an, kar-thdi-jin'-e-an, s. Pertaining to an¬ cient Carthage. — s. A native of Carthage. Carthamine, kar'-thh-min, s. A red colouring matWT obtained from the flowers of the Carthamus ttnetorio. Carthamus, kar'-thd-mus, s. The generic name of the safflower or bastard saffron. Cart-horse, kart'-hors, s. A horse used to draw a can CxRTHvsiKH ,kar-thu'-zha7i, 8. One of an order of monks, so called from.Chartreiise, the place of their institutiou — a. Pertaining to the order of Caithusians. Cartilage, ka/'-te-laje, s. Gristle, a smooth, solid, elastic substance, softer than bone. Cartilaginods, kar-te-ladj’‘in-US, a. Pertaining to, or consisting of cartilage; gristly; resembling cartilage. In ichthyology, cartilaginous fishes are those whose muscles are supported by cartilages instead of bones. Carting, kart'-ing, s. The act of carrying in a cart. Cart -JADE, kart'-jade, s. A sorry horse; a horse used in drawing, or fit only for the cart. Cart-load, kart'-load, s. A load borne on a cart; as much as is usually carried at once on a cart, or as is sufficient to load it. Cartographer, kar-toff-rd-fer, s. A person who pre¬ pares charts. Cartographical, kar-to-graf-ik-al, a. Pertaining to cartography. Cartographicallt, ad. In a car¬ tographical manner. Cartography, kar-toff-rA-fe, 8. The art of preparing charts or maps. Cartoon, kar-toon’, s. A design drawn on strong paper for fresco subjects, or as a pattern for tapestry. Cartouch, kar-toosh', s. A portable box for cartridges, a cartridge-box; a wooden bomb filled with shot; a discharge or pass given to a soldier; a modillion or scroll on the cornice of a column; a shield or carv'ed ornament to receive an inscription. Cartridge, kar'-tridj, s. A case of paper, or pasteboard, or other materials, nolding the charge for a fire-arm. Cartridge-box, kar'-tridj-box, s. A case for carti'idges Cartridge-paper, kar’-tridj-pa'-per, s. Thick, stout paper, of which cartridges are usually made. Cart-rope, kart'-rope, s. A strong rope for binding hay or other articles on a cart. Cart-rut, /tarf'-rM«,s. The cut or track of a cart-wheel. Cart-tire, karlf-tire, s. The bands of iron used to bind the wheel of a cart. C.'^rtulary, kar'-tu-la-re, s. A register-book; a place where records are kept; achariulary, orecclesiastical officer who had charge of the records of a monastery. Cart-way , kart-wa, g. A way that may be passed with carts, or other wheel carriages. Cart-wright, A:arf'-rtfe,s. An artificer who makes cavts. Carucagb, kar'-u-kfije, s. Ploughing; a tax on a plough. Carucate, har'-ii-kate, s. As much land as one teuiiu can plough in the year. Caruncle, kar'-un-kl, s. A soft, fleshy excrescence, either natui’al or morbid ; a naked, fleshy excrescence on or under the head of certain birds. CARnNcuLAR,ft«-rit7i/;'-t/w-irtr,a.In tlie form of a caruncle Cj^runculated, fcd-riWfli'-yu-to-ierf, a. Having a fleshy excrescence, or soft, fleshy protuberance. Carve, knrv, v.a To cut; to hew ; to cut wood, stone, or other material into some particular form ; to sculp¬ ture ; to cut figures or devices on hard materials; to engrave; to make or shape by cutting; to cut intc slices, as meat at table; to apportion; to divide.— To carve oxit, is to cut out; to lay out by design; to plan. — v.n. To cut any material; to cut up meat; to exer¬ cise the trade of a sculptor ; to engrave or cut figuroa. —X s. A camoate. Carved, karvd , pp. of the verb to carve . CxRVEh , kar '- vet , s . The CTv^tcrt martna, or sea-blubber a small ship, see Caravel. Carver, karv'-er, s. One who cuts meat at table; a sculptor; a large knife used at table for carving. Carving, karv'-ing, s. The act or art of cutting, aa meat; the act or art of cutting figures in wood cr stone; sculpture, figures carved. Carvist, kar'-vist, s. A hawk sufficiently trained to be carried on the hand. Carwitchet,$ kar-witsh’-et ,8. A jest; a pun; acrotchet. Caryates, ls.pl. In arcA., figures of Caryatides, kar-e-af-e-deez, i women dressed in long robes, serving to support entablatures. Cartatic, kar-e-oT-ik, a. Pertaining to the Caryans oi to Carvatides.—Cflryafic order, in arch., an order is which the entablature is supported by female ngurea Caryatid, kar-e-af-ia, s. A caryatic figure.^ —a. Pertaining to the Carjatidci; caryatic. CABTOOAE [ 14G ] CAST Car\ocai4, K^tr-e-af -kar ^ b. a j?enus or tvopicju trees, one species of which yields the hutter-uut. Uabyopu YLLACEors, > a. In bot.^ a OARYOPHTLLBors,j tenn applied to corollas having? five petals with km? claws and ex¬ panded limbs, in a tubular calyx, as in the pink , a caryopfiyUacevus plant is one pertaining to the order Caryophyllaceae, or Caryophyllece. Caryophtllic acid, kar-e-o-fiV -Lik s. An acid obtained from oil of cloves. Oartophylline, kar-e-o-fil'-Un, s. A crystalline sub¬ stance extracted from cloves by means of alcohol. Caryophyllds, kar-e~o-yil'-lns, s. The Clove-tree. (^AitYoPsis, ka-re-op'-sis, s. In bot., a one-celled, one- seeded, superior, indehiscent, dry pericarp. Casarca, kA-sat-'-ka, s. A species of wTld goose. Cascabel^ kas'-ka-hel, s. The pommelion or knob at the extremity of a cannon, behind the breech. Cascade, kas-kade', s. A waterfall; a small cataract. Cascalho, kas-kal'-ho, s. In Brazil, a deposit of pebbles, gravel, &c., in which the diamond is usually found. Cascarilla, kas-kd-ril'-la, s. The aromatic bark of the CVo^on Cascarilla. It is a powerful tonic. >ASE, kase, s. That which encloses or contains ; a cover¬ ing, box, or sheath; the cover or skin cf an animal; the receptacle for types in a printing office; the outer part of a building; i-a building unfurnished; a cer¬ tain quantity.— To be in case, or in good case, is to be fat, or in good condition. — v.a. To cover with a case; to put in a case or box; tto strip off a case, a covering, or the skin. Case, kase, s. That which falls, comes, oi’ happens; an event; the particular state, condition, or circum¬ stances that befaU a person, or in which he is placed; predicament; an individual occurrence, or particular instance of disease; the state of the body, with re¬ spect to health or disease ; a question; a state of facts involving a question for discussion or decision; a cause or suit in court. In p'am77iar,the inflection of nouns, or a change of terinmatiou.—J h case, in the event of; if it should so happen. —X v.n. To put cases. Caseation, ka-se-a'-shun, s. The act of being converted into cheese, as milk. Cased, ka^jst, pp. of the verb to case. C ASEH A RDEN ^ kase'-havd-H , v.a. To harden the outer part or superficies, as of iron, by converting it into steel. Casehahdened, kase'-hard~nd, pp. of to casehai'den. Casehardening, s. The act or process of converting the surface of iron into steel. Caseic, ka'-se-ik^a.. Obtained from cheese,as,casWc acid. Caseinb, ka'-se-m, s. The curd, or coagulable portion of milk; a substance, identical with caseine, found in certain leguminous plants, also called legumine. Case-knife, Aastj'-nt/e,s. A large kitchen or table-knife, formerly kept in a case. Caseman , kase-mail, s. Among printers, a compositor. Casemate, kase^-inate, s. In fort,, a vault of mason’s work in the flank of a bastion. Casemated, kas^-ma-tedsQi. Furnished with a casemate. Casement, kase'-ment, s. A portion of a window’-sash made to open or turn on hinges; a hollow moulding. Casemented, kasef-ment-ed, a. Having casements. Caseous, ka'-se-us, a. Like cheese; having the qualities of cheese. Casern, A:«'- 2 em, s. A lodging for soldiers in garrison towns; barracks. C.ASE-SHOT, kase'-shot, s. Musket balls, stones, old iron, &c., pul in cases, to be disciiarged from c«=»nuon. Caseum, ka'-se-um, s. The basis of cheese tlie pui'ified curd of milk. C.ASE-woRM, kas^-wnrm,^. An aquatic grub, the caddis. Cash, hash, s. Money; ready money. — v.a. To tui*n into money, or to excliange for money ; to give money for ; t to discard, to cashier. Cash-account^ hash'-ak-kownt', s. An account of money received, paid, or on hand. Cash-book, s. A book in which an account is kept of the receipts and disbursements of money. Cashed, kasht, pp. of the verb to cash. Cashew, ka-shu’, or kask'-eiv, s. A. tree of the AVest Indies, the Anacardium occidentale. — Cashexv-nxit, the fruit of the cashew-tree. Cashier, kash-eer' One who havS the charge of money; a. cash-keeper ; one who superintends the books, pay¬ ments, and receipts of a bank. — v.a. To dismiss from an office or place of trust; to dis¬ card from service or from society; to reject; to annul. Cashiered, kush-eerd', pp ol the verb to cashier. Ca»hiekep, hash eer'-er, s. One who cashiers. Cash keeper, t?r, s One intnisted with tho keeping of money , a . ashier Cashmere, A:n&A' tne>'r,s, A costly kind of fabric, foimed of the downy wool of the Thibet goat, a cashmere shawl. — a. Made of cashmere. Cashoo, hash'- 00 , s. The gum of an East Indian tree. Casing, kase’-ing, s. The act of covering ; a covering a case; that which is used for covering; the plas¬ tering a house on the outside with mortar, and mark - ing it with lines, so as to make it resemble stonework, a local term for dried cow-dung. Casino, kd-se'-no, s. On the continent of E7irope, a club¬ house, or public building used for social meetings, having commonly a readang-room, a dancing saloon, &c. In England, a public dancii.g saloon. Cask, kdsk, s. A close wooden vessel for containing liquors, as a pipe, hogshead, butt, barrel, &c.; tlie quantity contained in a cask. —X v.a. To put into a cask. Casket, /c«sA:'- cast up, to compute; to reckon; to calcu¬ late; also, to eject, to vomit.—To cast upon, to refer to , to attribute to ; to impute to.— To cast one's self on, to resign or yield one’s self to the disposal of, with¬ out reserve.— To cast young, to miscarry; to suffer abortion.— To cast vi the teeth, to upbraid; to charge ; to twit.—To cast off copy, is to ascertain how many printed pages will be made out of a manuscript, by setting up a portion for trial. — v.n. To turn or revolve in the mind ; to contrive; to receive fonn or shape; to warp ; to fall off, or incline. — 8. Tlie act of casting; a throw; the thing thrown; the distance thrown; manner of throwing ; a stroke; a touch; a flight; a number of hawks let go at once; motion or turn of the eye; direction, look, or glance; a squinting; a throw of dice ; the chance of a throw ; chance; hazard ; form ; shape ; manner; air ; mien , tinge, shade; an impression in plaster; a small statue of oronze, &o.; a mould; any thing cast or formed ft'om a mould ; a little brazen funnel at one end of a mould, for casting metal pipes; the assign¬ ment of the parts of a play to the different actors; X an unexpected opportunity or advantage. CASTA.LIAN, kas-ta'-le-an, a. Pertaining to Castalia, a cool spring on Mount Parnassus, sacred to the muses. Castanea, kas-tan’-e-h, s. A genus of trees, one species of which, C. vesca, produces the edible chestnut. Castanets, kas'-ia-ncts, s.pl. Small, spoon-shaped, con¬ cave sheas of ivory or hard wood, wliich being strung in paii-s, and fastened to the fingers, are rattled to the time of a dance, song, or tune. Castaway, kdst-(t~wa, s. That which is thrown away; one abandoned by God; a reprobate. — a. Rejected ; useless; of no value. Caste, s. An order or class ; a distinct order in so¬ ciety ; a distinct, hereditary order or class of people among the Hindoos, the members of wliich are of the same rank, profession, or occupation. Castellan, s. The governor of a castle. Castellany, kas^-tel-la-ne, s. The lord.ship of a castle. Castellated, kas'-tel-la-ted, a. Adorned with turrets and battlements, like a castle; enclosed in a building, as a fountain or cistern. Ca8Tellation,J kas-tel-la*‘shun, s. The act of fortifying a house and rendering it a castle. Caster, k'dsf-er, s. One who throws or casts; one who makes castings in metal, &c.; one ’who computes; one who calculates fortunes; a small bottle for holding pepper, oil, vinegar, &c., for use at table ; a small wiieel on a swivel, attached to the leg of a table, sofa, beds tead,&c., that it may be readily moved on the floor. Casters, kdsif~erz, s.pl. A stand with bottles for pepper, oil, vinegar, &c. Castigate, ka^-te-gate, v.a. To chastise ; to punish by stripes; to correct; to chasten. Castio-ation, kas-te-posed violent convulsion of the globe causing the elevation or subsidence of its solid parts/ Cata.strophist, kd-tas'-tro~Jist, s. One who maiiiiairif that the great changes of our globe have been the re • suit of catastrophies, or violent physical convulsions Cat-bird, kat'-herd, s. The Txirdxisfelivox, an American bird, whose cry resembles that of a cat. Cat-block, kat'-blok, s. A strong block, with an iron strap and large hook, used on board ships to draw up an anchor to the cat-hcadi Catcall, kat'-kawl, s. A squeaking instrument, used in play-houses to condemn plays. Catch, /catsh, v.a.; pret. and pp. catched, or caught. To seize; to lay hold of; to stop any thing flying; to in¬ tercept from hilling; to overtake ; to seize in pursuit; to capture; to ensnare; to entangle; to snatch ; to take suddenly; to receive something passing; to take or receive by contagion or infection; to please; to en¬ gage and attach to ; to captivate; to incur censure.— To catch at, to endeavour to seize suddenly. — v.n. To communicate; to be contagious; to seize and hold. — s. Seizure ; the act of seizing ; any thing that seizes or takes hold ; a hook; a bolt; a watching an oppor¬ tunity to seize ; a sudden advantage taken ; an object of desire; advantage; a snatch ; a short interval ol action ; a little portion; a small, hasty repast; a song, the parts of which are caught up in succession bv different singers: a play upon words; a quibble; a small swift sailing vessel, commonly written ketch. Catchable, katsh’-d-bl, a. That may be caught. Catch-drain, kntsh'-drayn, s. A drain across a de¬ clivity, to catch the surface water; also, a drain alona the side of a canal to catch the surplus water. Catcher, katsh'-er, s. One who catches; that whic> catches, or in which any thing is caught. Catchfly , katsh'-fii, s. The name of a species of Silene, and of several other plants which have the property of retaining insects, either by their viscid suriace. oi by some other means. Catching, katsh'-iny, a. Infectious ; contagious. Catchland, katsh’-land, s. Land of wbicb il is not kntawn to what parish it belongs. CATCH-MEADOW t 149 ] CATHOLICISM Catch-mbadow, 8. A meadow which is irrieated by water from a hill-side. Catchpenny, s. A worthless publication ; any trivial thine* offered forsale under deceptive guise. Catchpoll, t katsK-poley s. A bailifiTs assistant. Catchup, katsN-upj s. A sauce made from mushrooms, or walnuts, &c. Catchweed, Katsh'-weed. s. The plant Oalium apartne. Catchword, katsh'-wera^ s. A word placed under the last line of a page, which is repeated at the top of the next page. Cate, kate, s. See Cates. Catechetic, kat-e-keif-ik, \ a. Relating to oral in- Catechetical, kat-e-ket'-ik-aly / struction ; consisting of questions and answers. Catechetically, kat-e-ket'^ik-al-le, ad. By question and answer; m the way of oral instruction. Catechinb, kaf~e-tshin, s. In chem., a peculiar prin¬ ciple obtained from catechu. Catechisation, kat-e-ke-za'-shnn, s. Act of catechising. Catechise, kat' e kize, v.a. To instruct by asking ques¬ tions and receiving answers; to interrogate. Catechised, kat'-e-klzd, pp. of the verb to catechise. Catechiser, kat'-e-kize-eT, s. One who catechises. Catechising, kaf-e-kize-ing, s. Interrogation. Catechism, kat'-e-kizm, s. A form of instruction by means of questions and answers; an elementary book containing a summary of the principles of religion, or of any science orart,iamiliarly explained by means of questions and answers. Catechist, A:at'-e-itts«,s. One who instructs by question and answer; a catechiser one appointed by the church to instruct in the principles of religion. Catechistic, la. Pertaining to a Catechistical, knt-e-kist'-ik-al, j catechist, or to cat©' Chism; instructing by question and answer. Catechistically, kat-e~kist'-ik-al-le, ad. In a cate¬ chistical manner. Catechh, 8 . A brown astringent substance, chieflv obtained from the Acacia catechu^ an Indian tree, it is one of the most valuable astringents known in medicine, and, containing a large poition of tannin, it is also largely employed in the arts. It is sometimes improperly caLad terra japonxea. Catechuic Acin, kat-e-tshu'~ik ns'-id, s. An acid solu¬ ble in water, obtained from catechu. Catechumen, Kat-e~keio'-vien, s. One who is in the first rudiments of Christianity ; one who is receiving in¬ struction and preparing himself for baptism; a be¬ ginner incn or canvas with wide interstices. Catharine-avheel, AaiA'-d-rwi-tt'ccZ, 8. In Gothic arch., a circular window, or compartment of a Avindow, or¬ namented with rosettes and radiating divisions, of various colours. In 'i)yrotechnic$, a sort of firework constnicted in the form of a Avheel, Avhich when lighted keeps turning till consumed. Catharist, kath'-d-rist, s. One Avho pretends to greater purity than others. Cat-harpings, katf-harp-ingz, s.pl. In ships, ropes serv ing to tighten the shrouds, and give more room to draw in the yp^rds, when the ship is close-hauled. Catharsis, Pui'gation; alA*ine discharges. CjltthlRtic, kd-thar'-tik, T a. Purging; promoting Cathartical, kd~thar'-tik-al, ] evacuations by stool. Cathartic, s. A purgatiA’c medicine. CATHARTiCALLY,/td-iAa^-^ti-rti-Ze,ad. In themannerof a cathartic. Catharticalness, kd-tha'i''-tik-al-nes, s. The quality of promoting discharges from the bowels. Cathartina, kd-ihar'-te-nd, \ s. The active or purgative Cathartine, j principle of senna. Cat-head, s. A strong beam projecting hori zontalJy over a ship’s boAvs. Cathedra, or kd-the'-drd,s. A chair, appro¬ priately, the chair or seat of a person in authority ; a professor’s chair.— Ex cathedra, with authority; from high or official authority. Cathedral, /td-i/ie'-drrtZjS. The principal or head church in a diocese, in which is the seat or throne of a bishop. — a. Pertaining to the head church of a diocese, or to a bishop’s scat or see; containing the see of a bishop, resembling the aisles of a cathedral. Cathedrated, katJV-e-dra-ted, d. Relating to the au¬ thority of the chair, or office, of a teacher. CATHELECTRODE,t A:at/i-e-teA'-iroc/«, s. See Cathode Catheretic, kath-e-ret'-ik, s. In m€d.,aslightly caustic substance used to destroy granulations, &c., situated on the mucous meint»»tiie. Catherinf-pear, kath'-e-rin-pare, s. An inferior kind of small pear. Catherine-wheel, kath*-e-rin-xceei, s. See Catharinb- wheel. Catheter, -e-j/.s, a. In feo^.,a term applied to trees that produce both flowers and fruits on their branches. CArpoNATE,$ kaivp'-o-uate , v.n. To keep a victualling house. Cauponise,$ kaivp'-o-nize , v.a. To sell wine or victuals CAUsABLE,A:rttes'-uriiinj{ with a cautery. Cacteh V, kaw'-ter-e,?,. A burning o’ searing, as ot mor¬ bid fhsh, either by a hot iron, w-;ich is called avtxinl cautery, or by a caustic substance, which is called pete?*- Hal cautery ; an iron for burning ; a caustic. Caution, fcaaj'-s/iwn,s. Prudence; provident care; pro¬ vision or security against contingent evil; vigilance ; circumspection ; warning; admonition; exhortation ; advice; security for.—Uau^^on money, a deposit, or sum lodged by contractors as a security for their good faith in fulfilling aP the conditions of their contract. — v.a. To give notice of danger; to warn ; to admonish. Caution ARY, a. Containing caution^ or warning; admonishing; given as a pledge or in security. Cautioned, kaw'-shund, pp. of the verb to caution. Cautioner, kaw'-shtin-er, s. In Scots law, one who be¬ comes security for another. Cautionry, k(iw'-shun-re, s. In Scots law, the act of giving security for another. CAUTious,yta«;'-i7ius, a.Careful; prudent; wary; watchful. Cautiously,/ taie'-snas-ie, ad. Caretully; warily. Cautiousness, kaxv'-shus-nes, 8. The quality of being cautious; prudence; circumspection; provident care. Cavalcade, kav-al-kade', s. A procession on horseback. — v.n. To ride in a cavalcade; to canter and prance about, as a horseman. Cavalier, kav-A-leer', s. A horseman; an armed horse¬ man ; a knight; a gay, sprightly, military man; a beau; a chaperon ; an adherent of King Charles I. In fort,, an elevation of earth, situated ordinarily in the gorge of abiistion, bordered with a paraj)et, with embrasures. — a. Haughty; arrogant; disdainful; discoui-teous. X Gay ; sprightly; warlilie ; brave ; generous. Cavalierism, kav-it-leo^-ism. s. The practice or prin¬ ciples of mvaliers; haughtiness; arrogance; rudeness. Cavalierly, ad. Haughtily; disdainfully. Cavaherness, kav-d-leer'-nes, 8. Haughty or disdain¬ ful conduct; capriciousness of manner. Ca V alrt , kax/-al-re,^. A body of military troops on horses. C.iVATEji Aa'-t'nie, v.a. Excavate. Cavatina, kav-d-t^-nA, s. (Ital.) In wiustc,a short air, without a return or second part, which is sometimes relieved by recitative. , Cavation, 1 8. In arc/i., the uiiderdigging Cavazion, I or hollowing of the earth for the foundation of a building, or for cellarage. Cave, have, s. A hollow place in the earth; a den ; a cell. — v.a. To make hollow. — t v.n. To dwell in a cave. — I'o cave in, to f^all in and leave a hollow. C.AVEA, s.; pi. CavetB. (Lat.) _ In ancient arch., the subterranean cells in an amphitheatre, in which ilie ivild beasts were confined, in readiness for the fights in the arena. . . Caveat, ka'-ve-at, 8. A caution ; warning ; admonition ; hint. In law, a writ or process to stop proceedings ; a fonnal notice or caution ; also, a notice of intention to apply for a patent for some invention. — v.n. To apply for or enter a caveat. Qk^ektihg, ka-ve-a-thig, s. In fencing,'VnQ shifting of the sword from one side of an adversary to another. Caveator, ka'-ve-a-ier, s. One who enters a caveat. Cavern, kav'-ern, s. A hollow place in the earth. CAVEaNED,A:aD'-miii,a. Enll of caverns, or deep chasms; having caverns; inhabiting a cavern. Cavernous, kav’-ern-us, a. Hollow; full of caverns. CAVERNULous,Ad-vfir?i'-t/H-Zws, a. Eull of little cavities. CK\zTTO,k&-vef-to,?,. Inarchitectxire, a hollo wed mould¬ ing, whose profile is the quadrant of a circle. CAVES 80 N,/jrtu-«s-sttu,) 8. A sort of noseband, used in Cavezon, i breaking horses in. Caviar, kav-e-ar', (ErO i s. The roes of certain large Caviare, (Ital.) j fish, principally sturgeons, prepared and salted. CAviconN,/feay'-e-feor»,s. A name given to a tribe of hol¬ low-homed ruminant animals, including the antelope. Cavil, kav'-il, v.n. To raise captious and frivolous ob¬ jections; to carp; to censure^ to wrangle. —t v.a. To receive or treat with objections. — s. False or frivolous objections; a sophism. Cavillation, kav-il-la*-shunfS. The act or practice of cavilling, or raising frivolous objections. Caviller, kav'-il-er, s. One who cavils; a wrangler. Cavilling, kav'-il-ing, s. The raising of frivolous ob¬ jections ; a dispute. Cavillinqly, kav'-il-ing-le, ad. In a cavil^g manner. CATiLijNONES8,/:at/-«2-iug-ne«,s. The disposition to cavil. Catillotts, a CapUous; unfair in argument. Ca V iLi.orsLY, kav'-il-ns-ie, ad. In a cavillous manner, Cavillousness, kav'-il-us-nr6, s. Captiousness. Cavin, kar'-in, s. In the military art, a hollow wav,or natural hollow, adapted to cover troops, and facilitate their approach to a place. Cavity, lac'-t’-ie, s. A hollow place ; an aperture. Cavolinite, kav'-o-lin-ite, s. A Vesuvian mineral, a variety ofnepheline. Cavy^ ka'-ve, s. A genus of small rodent animals, oi which the Guinea-pig is the type. Caw, kaw, v.n. To cry like a croYv, rook, or raven. OA.^\r■sQ,kaw'•ing,a, The cry of the crow, rook, or raven Cawk, Aai4'&,s. A compact variety of sulphate of baryta Cawker, kawk'-er, s. See Calkin Cawkt, kawk'-e, a. Pertaining to or like cawk. CAxoN,&aar'-n, s. A cant expression for a wig. Caxou, kax'-oo, s. A chest of ores of any metal that has been burned, ground, and washed, and is ready to,be refined. Cayenne-pepper,A ia-ycn', or pungent red pepper, obtained from several varieties of Capsicum. Cayman, Ata'-wfln,s. The name given in the West Indies to the alligator. Cazic, \ kd-zeek', s. The title of a prince or chief Cazique, ] among several tribes of American Indians. C.AZZON, kaz'-zon, s. Dried manure used for fuel. {Local.) Cease, sees, v.n. To leave off; to stop; to give OY^er; to desist; to discontinue ; to abstain; to fail; to be Yvant- ing ; to be at an end. — v.a. To put a stop to; to put an end to. —Js. Failure; extinction. Cea-sed, seest, pp. of the verb to cease. Ceaseless, see^-les, a. Without a stop or pause ; inces¬ sant ; without end; enduring for ever ; perpetual. Ceaselessly, sees'-les-le, ad. Incessantly ; perpetually. Ceasing, sees'-ing, s. Cessation ; pause ; intermission. Cecchin, fs/ia-A:yen',s. A gold coin of Italy and liarbaiy, value about 9s. See Sequin and Zechin. Cecity, se'-se-te, or ses'-e-te, s. Dlindness. Cf:cuTiENCY,$ se-kew'-shen-se, s. I'endency to blindness. Cedar, se'-dar,s>. A name comnum to several species of trees, but more especially tc '^hose of the genus Ccdi*u8, and of which the Cedar of Lebanon is the type. — a. Made of cedar; belonging to cedar. CEDARED,se'-der blamable; culpable. Censurableness, sen'-shu-ra-bl-nes, s. Blamableness. CensurablYj ten’-shu-rd-ble, ad. Blaniably j repre hensibly; m a manner denoting censure. Censure, sen'-shur, s. Blame; imputation of WTong or fault; reproach; reproof; reprehension; disapproba¬ tion ; judgment that condemns; an cic^lesiastical sen¬ tence of condemnation, or punishment; $ estimate. — v.a. To blame; to find fault with and condemn as wrong; to condemn by a judicial sentence, as in ecclesiastical affairs; $ to judge, or estimate. —t v.n. To judge. Censured, aen'-shurd, pp. of the verb to cejisure. Censurer, sen'-shu-rer , s. One who censures. Censuring, sen'-s/m-riw^,s. Blame; reproach. Census, seyi’-sus, s. In ancient Kome, an authentic de¬ claration made by the citizens every :ive years before the censors, of the names of themselves and familv their place of abode, their condition in life, and the amount and nature of their estate. In modern use, an official enumeration of the inhabitants of a country. That of Great Britain is made every ten rears. Cent, setit s. A hundred ; a copper coin of" the United States of America, whose value is the hundredth part of a dollar. In com., per cent, denotes a cenain rate by the hundred. Centage, senf-aje, s. Rate by the cent or hundred. C*’«TAUR, sen'-tatvr, s. In myth., a fabulous monster, hall man and half horse. In astr., a constellation of the southern hemisphere, the Arehei in the zodiac Centaurue, seyi'-tawr-ize, v.n. To act like a centaur to be a man and act like a brute. Centaur-like. a. xtesembling a centaur Centaury, s. The popular name of nume¬ rous plants, generally herbaceous. Ceni ENARiAN, sen-te-na'-re-an, s. A lorson a hundred yea's old. Centenary, s. The number of a huntirt.w — a. Relating to a hundred; consisting of a hundred Centennial, sen-te7i'-7ie-al, a. Consistin.^ of, pertaining to,or completing a hundred years; happening ev^ hundred years. '' ^ Center, sen'-ter, t., v.a., and v.n. 8ce CswTaji. CENTERED [ 153 ] CERE C?SnT*KBD, »eti -t«rd, pp. of the verb to center. OiswTBRiNG, sen'-ter-xng, ppr. of the verb to center — s- In arch., the temporary frame or woodwork on which an arch is supported during its construction. Centesimal, sen-tea'-e-mal, s. A hundredth part. • a. Denoting a hundredth part. Centesimation, se^i-tes-e-ma'-shun, s. A military pun¬ ishment for desertion, mutiny, or the like, where one pei'son in a hundred is selected for execution. Centesm,$ sen'-tezm, s. A hundredth part. Centicipitol's, sen-te-sip'-it-us, a. Having a hundred heads. Centieidous, sen tif e-dus,3L. Divided into a hundred parts. Centieolious, aen-te *o'-ie-u8, a. Having a hundred leaves. Centigrade, seyi'-te-gracle, a. Divided into a hundred degrees.—The Centigrade thermoyneter, has the inter¬ val between the freezing -and boiling points of water divided into 100 degrees. Centigram, sen’-te-grani, [ s. AFrench weight, Centigramme, soug'-^e-i7rrtm,(Fr.)) tlie hundredth part of a gramme. Centiliter, Is. A French liquid C’ENTiLiTP.K, (Ft.) j measure, the hun¬ dredth part of a litre. CEN'riLOQUYjf sen-til'-o-kwe,%. Ahtindred-fold discourse. Centime, son^-teem', s. (Fr.) The hundredth part of. a franc ; the hundredth part of any thing. Centimeter, srw tim’-e-ter, is. A French mca- CENTiMi:TRE,soag^-^e-?/ia'-ir,(Fr.) | sure, the hundredth part of a metre. (’entinody,^: sen-tin’-o-de, s. The herb Knotgrass. Centiped, is. A manv-legged insect; a (Centipede, sen’-te-pede, j myriapod. Centipee, sen'-te-pe, s. A corruption of Centipede, q.v. Centner, sent'-ner, s. In metallurgy, and assaying, a wciglit divisible first into a hundred parts, and then into smaller ones. Cento, sen’-to, s A composition foraied by verses or passages from vaidous authors. Central, sen'-tral, a. Relating to or placed in or near the centre or middle. — Central forces, in mechanics, tlie two antagonist forces (the centrifugal and centripetal) by M'hose united action bodies are caused to revolve round a central point. Centrality, sen-cral'-e-te, s. The state of being central. Centralization, sen-tral-e-za'-shun, s. The act of cen¬ tralizing, or bringing to a centre. Centralize, sen’-tral-ize, v.a. To draw to a central point; to bring to a centre. Centrally, sen'-tral-le, ad. In a central manner. Centre, sen'-ter, s. A point equally distant from the ex¬ tremities of a line, figure, or body; the middle point or place of any thing; the middle or central object ; a single body. In an army,the body of troops occupying . the place in the line between the wings.— Centre of gravity, the point about w'hich the parts of a body ex¬ actly balance ‘iach other. — v.a. To place on a centre; to fix on a central point; to collect to a point; to concentrate. — v.n. To be collected to a point; to rest on; to be placed in the centre; to be central. Centrbbit, sen'-ter-bit, s. An instrument turning on a centre, for boring holes. Centred, sen'-terd, pp. of the verb to centre. Centric, sen'-ifriA:, la. Placed in the centre or Centrical, sen'-^rtft-ai, j middle; central. Centricallt, sen'-trik-al-le, ad. In a central position. Centricalness, sen’-trik-al-nes, s. Central situation. CENTRiciTT,sen-iris'-c-ic, s. The state of being centric. Centrifugal, sen-trif-yu-gal, or scn-tre-few'-gal, a. Tending to recede from the centre. In bot., expand¬ ing first at the summit, and later at the base, like a flower.— Centrifugal force,Che force by which all bodies moving round another body in a curve lend to fiy off from tlie axis of their motion. Centring, aen'-tring, ppr..of the verb to centre. Centripetal, seyi-trip'-e-tal, or sen-tre-pe'-tal, a. Tend¬ ing towards the centre. In bot., expanding first at the base, and afterwards at thesumniil, as a flower.—Cen- tripetol force, the force which draws or impels a body towards some point as a.centre Centrolineau, s''^n-tro-lin’-€-ad, s. An instrument for drawing lines converging towards a point, though the point be inaccessible Cbntrolineal, sen-tro-lin'-t-al, a. Applied to lines con- '^ergliig tcw'ards a centre Centumv ir, sen-tuyn’-vir , s. One of a certain nRratf«»r o! judges in ancient Rome, appointed to decide common causes among the people. Thev were selected three from each of the 35 tribes, thus making 105 in all. though, for the sake of the round number, they were called Centuynviri ; and this name they retained even at a later period, when theii* number was increased to 180. Centumviral, sen-turn -ve-ral, a. Pertaining to the centumvirs. CENTUMviRATB,sen-ium'-ve-raie,8. The oflice or dignitv of the centumviri. Centumviri, se7i-fwm'-ve-rt, s.pl. (Lat.) See Cbntumyiel Centuple, sen’-teio-pl, s. A hundred-fold. — v.a. To multiply a hundred-fold. Centuplicate, v.a. To make a hun¬ dredfold. Centurial, sen-tew'-re-al, a. Relating to a century. CENTURiATE,spn-vlth wax. C'ERATKiN, ) s. The bitter principle of Ice- Ceratrine, ) land moss. Cebbf.-rean , ser-5cer'-c-an, a. Pertaining to or resem blLng Cerbenis. Cereerus, SCI’' be-rus, s. In myth., the watch-dog of the infernal regions. He is represented by different an¬ cient w'riters as having three, fifty, and even a hun¬ dred heads. In zooL, a genus of innocuous scaly ser- i>cnts. In hot., a genus of poisonous milky plants. Cere, seer, s. The naked skin that covers the base of the bii of some birds, as that of the hawk. — v.a. To wax or cover with wax. CEKEAL [ 154 ] CESUEE Cereal, ie‘-re-al, a. Hclonj^iiig to Ceres, the fabled god¬ dess of corn; pertaining to edible grain, as wheat, rye, barley, oats, maize, rice, and nullet; an epithet applied to all grasses that produce bread-corn. CEREAr-iA, se-re-a'~le-Ay s.pl. The edible grains; the cereal grasses; ancient festivals in honour of Ceres. CcREALiou8,± se-re~a'-le-t($, a. Pertaining to corn. Gerebe*., ser-e-bel, i s. In anat., the hinder and Cerebellcw, slr-e~bel'-l%iyn,} lower part of the brain, or the little brain. Cerebral, ) a. Pertaining to the cere- C«RBBRiNB,$ I brum, or brain. Cerebrose,J s«r-e'6ro5e', a. Brainsick; mad; wilful. Cerebrum, ser'-e-briiyn, s. Tlie brain. In ayiat., the front and larger part of the brain. Cerecloth, seer-'-kloth, s A cloth smeared with melted wax, bitumen, or other glutinous matter. Oered, seerd, pp. of the verb to cere. Cerement^ seer'-vieyit , s. Cloth dipped in melted wax, with which deadbodies were enfolded when embalmed. Ceremonial, ser-e-mo'-ne-nly a. Relating to ceremony, or external rite; ritual; formal; ceremonious. — s. Outward form ; external rite; ceremony ; the title, service, or form due to any one; tlie prescribed order for any rite; the book containing tlie rules prescribed to be observed on solemn occasions. Ceremoniallt, Sfc»'-e-wo'-;ie-a/-Ze, ad. In a ceremonial or formal manner. Ceuemonialness, ser-e-mo'-ne-ctl-nes, s. Formality ; ceremonial form; ceremoniousuess. Ceremonious, a. Consisting of outward forms and rites; full of ceremony or solemn forms; according to the rules of civility ; formally respectful; foiTiial; exact; precise. Ceremoniously, s«r-e->«o'-ne-Ms-?e, ad. In a ceremonious manner ; foiinally; with due forms. Ceremoniousness, ser~e-vio'~ne-us-nes, s. The quality of being ceremonious; great formality in manners. Ceremony, ser'-e-wio-utf, s. Outward rite; external form in religion; observance; solemnization; forms of civility; prescribed forms to be observed in matters of state; formality .—Master of cerevioniesy one wlio conducts or superintends any festivity; an officer who regulates the forms to be observed by the com¬ pany or attendants on a public occasion; an officer of state, who receives and conducts ambassadors, &c., to the royal audience. Cereolite, se'-re-o~lite, s. A mineral substance which in appearance and softness resembles wax. Cereopsis, se-re-op'-si5, s. The generic name of a na¬ tatorial bird, allied to the goose, native of Australia. Cereous, s«'-re-ws, a. Waxen, like wax. Ceres, s. In mj/^A.,the goddessof com. Inasir., an asteroid, discovered by Piazzi, in 1801. Cerin, 1 s«'-ri7i, 8. A constituent of common wax CerineJ which dissolves in alcohol; a waxy sub¬ stance obtained from grated cork when boiled in al¬ cohol , a variety of the mineral AUanite. Cerinthians, se-rin'-the-anz, s.pl. The followers of Cerinthius, a heretic of the first or second centurv. Cerit?, se'-rite, s. The silicious oxide of ccriuin, a mineral of a pale rose-red colour. Cerium, se'-re-um, s. A grayish metal found in cerite. Cernuous, ser'-nu-us, a. In bat., nodding; drooping. Cerographical, se-ro-gra/'-ik-al, a. Pertaining to cero- graphy. Cerographist, se-rog'-ra-fist, 8. One who is versed in or who practises cerograpliy. Cerographt, se-rog’-ra-fe, s. A writing on wax ; the art of painting or of engraving on wax. Ceroma, se-ro'-wm, s. A part of the ancient baths and gymnasia in which bathers and wrestlers used to anoint themselves with a composition of oil and wax. Ceromancy, scr'-o-man-sey s. Divination by topping melted wax into water. Ceroon, s(»-roon',.s. A bale or package made of skins. CEROPLASTiCjSc-ro-j^irty'-^tA.s.Thcartofmodellinginwax. Cerote,^ se'-rote, s. See Cerate. Ceroxylon, se-roy-e-lon, s. The Wax-palm, a tall tree of South America. Cerrial, 8er*'re-al, a. Pertaining to the Cerris, The bitter oak. Certain, 5cr'-^en, a. Sure, true; existing in fact and truth ; undeniable; assured in mind; incontrovertible; unfailing ; not doubtful or casual; regular; constant; stated ; ftied; established and settieu; determinate; uarticuiar; one; some. —t s. Quantity; part. j a. Sky-coloured ; blue. Producing a blue colour. Certainly, sey-ten-le, ad. Without doubt or question; in truth and fact; without failure; readily. Certainness, -r I s. A fixed or real state; Certainty, ser'-ten-te, j fact; truth ; full assurance of mind ; exemption from doubt or failure ; regularity. CERTEs,t sey-Uez, ad. CcrtaiiUy ; in truth ; verily. Certieicate, s. A written testimony; a written declaration, under the hand or seal, or both, of some public officer, or other person, to be used as evidence in a court, or to substantiate a fact. — v.a.or v.ii. To give a certificate ; to verify by certificate. Certification, ser-te-/e-ka'-shun, s. The act of certify¬ ing, making known, or verifying. Certified, sey-te-fide, pp. of the verb to certify. Certifier, se^-te-ji-er, s. One who certifies, or assures. Certify, 5<’r'-^€-^,v.a. To testify to or declare in writing; to make know’ii or establish a fact; to give certain in¬ formation of, or to; to apprise. Certiorari, ser'Sho-ra*-riy%. A writ issuing out of chan eery, or otlier superior court, to call up the records of an inferior court, or remove a cause tliere depending, that it may be tried in the superior court. Certitude, ser'-te-ieu'd, s. Certainty; assurance. CERULEj-t' sey-ule, a. Blue. Cerulean , se-ru'-le-auy CERULEOUSjt se-?Yt'-iie-ws, CY.K\2i.iYlC,ser-u-lif-ik, a. i'luuuuuig a oiue ciuour. Cerulin, ser'-u-liny s. Indigo lUssoIved in sulphuric acid: it is used in dyeing Saxon blue. Cerumen, se-rn'-men, s. The wax secreted by the ear. Ceruse, se'-rnse, s. White-lead ; a carbonate of lead, the basis of white oil-paint. Cerused, a. Washed with white-lead. Cervical, ser'-ve-kal, a. Pertaining to the neck. Cervine, sey-vine, a. Pertaining to a stag or deer, or to animals of the genus Cervus. Cervus, ser'-vtts, s. The sta^ ; a genus of animals. Cesarean, se-za-re-an, a. Tue Cesarean operation is the taking of a child from the womb by cutting. Julius Caesar is said to have been brought into the world by this operation, hence his and its name. Cesious, se'-zhe-us, a. Of a bluish gray colour. Cespititiocs, ses-pe~tish'~us, a. Pertaining .to or re¬ sembling turf; made of turf. Cespitose, scs'-jye-tose, a. In botany, grow’ing in tufts. Cespitous, ses'-pe-tus, a. Pertaining to turf; turfy. CEss,ts««,s. A rate or tax. -t v.a. To rate or lay a tax on ; to assess. —X v.n. To cease ; to neglect a legal duty. CEssANT,t a. Ceasing; intermitting action. Cessation, ses-sa'-shtm, s. A ceasing or suspension of any action or motion ; intermission ; pause ; rest; dis¬ continuance; stop; respite.— Cessatioji of arms^atnive. Cessavit, ses-6’a'-t’i/, s. In laio,a.n obsolete ■writ to re¬ cover lands, w'hcn the tenant had failed for two years to perform the conditions of his tenure. Cesser, ses'-ser, s. In ^a^v, a ceasing ; a discontinuance, a neglect to perform services or payment for two years. CEssiBiLiTY,t5es-se-6iT-e-ie, s. The act of giving way. Cessible, sey-se-bl, a. Yielding ; easy to give way. Cessio bonorum, ses?i'-she-o bo-no'~ruin, s. (Lat.) In Scotch laio, the process by which an insolvent debtor suirenders his entire property to his creditors, and be¬ comes exempt from personal arrest for all debts con¬ tracted to that period. Cession, ses/i'-tm, s. The act of giving w'ay; a yielding or surrender, as of property or rights, to another per¬ son ; relinquishment. In ecclesiastical Zate, when an in¬ cumbent accepts of a second benefice or dignity in the church, which is incompatible by law with that which he previously held, the latter is said to be void by cession. Cessionary, a. Giving up; yielding. Ces¬ sionary bankrupt, in law, one who has surrendered all his effects for division among his creditors. Cessment, f ses'-nient, s. An assessment or tax. CESSOR,s€s'-sor,s. In iaze.atenaut who has become liable to a writ of cessavit; an assessor, or taxer. Cesspool, ses'-pool, s. A cavity sunk in the earth to re¬ ceive and retain the sediment of water conveyed in drains. Also w'ritten sesspool. Cest, sest, s. A lady’s girdle. Cestracion, ses-tra'-shun, s. In ich., a genus of sharks, CzsTRiAN, sey-tre-an.R. Pertaining to Cheshue. Cestus, sef-tus. s. The girdle of Venus. In nntiq., a marriage-girdle, worn by a bride on her nuptial-day a kind of boxing-glove used by the athlet8e,fieeC.fl!:sTU8 Cesura, se-zew'-rd,) s. A division or pause in a verso Cesurb sy-zhewr, ) set C.asuaA. CESURAL [ 153 3 CHALLENGE CBScnAL, B^-aetv-ral, a. Pertaining to me cesura Cetacea, se-tjf-se-a, s.pl. In tool., an order of marine mammalia, including the whale, narwhal, por{)oise, dolphin, &c. They are warm-blooded, breathe air by means of lungs, arc viviparous, and suckle their young. Cetacean, se-ta'-se-an, s. A cetaceous animal. Cetaceous, se-ta'-&hu8y a. Pertaining to the cetacea. Cetate, tate, s. A compoundof cetic acid with a base. Ceterach, set'-e-rak,s. A plant,a species of Grammitis. Cetic, s^-tik, a. Pertaining to the whale; obtainedfroiu spermaceti, as, the cetic acid. Cetin, 1 8e'-tm,s. Pure spermaceti; the crystallizable Cetine, ) part of spcnnaceti. CETOLOoicAL,sei-o-ioc(/'-tA:-aZ, a. Pertaining to cetology. Cetologist, 8 e-toV- 0 ‘jist, s. One versed in cetology. CETOLOGY,se-^oZ'-o-Je,s.Thenatural history oftheCetacea. (;etraria, se-tra'-re~d, s. In bot., a genus of lichens. CETRARiNE,se'-ne to make good an assertion or charge; an invitation to a con¬ test of any kind; the call of a sentinel; a demand; a claim made of a right or supposed right; the opening and crying of hounds at first finding the scent of their OHALLEN&EABLE [ 130 ] CHANGE game In law, an exception to a Juror or jury who is returned to serve on a trial. In elections, an excep¬ tion to a person, as not legally qualified to vote. — v.a. To call, invite, or summon to answer for an offence by single combat, or duel; to call to a contest of any kind; to summon to answer; to demand as a right; to call to the performance of conditions. In law, to call off a juror, or jurors, or to demand that jurors shall not sil in trial upon a cause. In electio7is, to ob¬ ject to a person, as not qualified to vote. CaAiiENGEABLE, tshal'~lenj~d,-bl, a. That may be chal¬ lenged ; that may be called to account. Challenged, tshal^-lenjd, pp. of the verb to challenge. Challenger, tshal'-lenj-er, s. One who challenges ; one who defies to a contest; a claimant. Challis, shal'-le, s. A fine woollen fabric. Chalybean, kd-Ub’-e-an, a. Pertaining to steel. CiiALYBEATE, kCi-lih'-e atc, R. Impregnated with iron. — s. Any w'ater or other liquor into which iron enters. CHAMjiaw, s. The sovereign of Tartary. See Khan. CuAMA, karn'-d, s. A genus of gigantic bivalve shells. CuAMADE, sha-tnade', s. The beat of a drum or sound of a trumpet, inviting an enemy to a parley Chamber, tsham^-ber, s. An apartment in any story above the lower floorof a dwelling-house ; a bedroom ; a private apartment; an office; any retired room or place ; a hollow or cavity ; a place where an assembly meets, and the^^ssembly itself; a hall of justice or legislation ; a legislative body. In Scrip, lang., the clouds; also, certain southern constellations which are hid from us.— Chamber of a mortar, that part of , the bore where the powder lies.—A powder-chamber, or bomb-chamber, a place under ground for holding powder and bombs.— Chamber of a mine, a plaee, generally of a cubical form, where the powder is con- flned.~C'/mDifc«fs of a lock , the space between the gates of a lock in a canal.— of commerce, a board for the protection of commerce, chosen from among the mej-chants and traders of a city. _v.n. To reside in or occupy as a chamber; to be wanton; to indulge in lewd or immodest behaviour. — v.a. To shut up as in a chamber. Chamber-council, tshame'-ber-koivn'-sl, s. A private or secret council. Chamber-counsel, s. A counsellor who gives his opinion or advice at his chambers, but does not plead in court. Chambered, tshame'-herd, pp. of the verb to chamber. — a. In conchology, divided into compartments. Cii AMBF.RER,+ tshame'-ber-cT, s. One who intrigues. CnAMBER-TELLOw, tshanie^-ber-feV-lo, s. One who sleeps in the same apartment. . Chamber-hanging, tshanie'-ber-hang'-ing, s. Tapestry or hangings for a chamber. Ch.\mbering,$ tshnme'-ber-ing, s. Intrigue; wantonness. Chamberlain, tshamef-her-lin, s. An officer charged with the direction and management of the private apartments of a monarch or noble; a servant who has the care of the chambers in an inn or hotel; a muuicipal officer who has the charge of the city rent and revenues.—The Lord High Chamherlam of Great Britain is the sixth officer of the crown. Cra.mberlainshif, tshame'-ber-lin-ship, s. The office of a chamberlain. . Cuamber-lyd, 8 . trine. Chamber-maid, change ; that Diay be changed ; variable ; fickle; inconstant; un¬ stable ; unceitain; capricious. Chakoeableness, tshaynj'-a-bl-nes, s. The quality of being changeable; mutability; fickleness; inconstancy. Cuanoeably, ad. Inconstantly; variably. Changed, tshaynjd,y\). of the verb to change. Cuangeeul, tsAay/y-/u/, a. Full of change; subject to alteration; inconstant; fickle; uncertain. CHANGEruLLY ,^s/lrtvn/-/ul-le,ad. In a changeful manner. Changefclness, tshaxj}\f'ful-nes,^. The quality of being changeful. Changeless, a. Without change ; not sub¬ ject 10 variation ; constant; not admitting alteration. Ch* NeELiNo,ts/iai/7i/-lt;ir7,s. A child left or taken iu the j sAce of another; any thing substituted for another; one apt i o change; a waverer'; an idiot, a fool. Changer, ‘:shayny-er,s. One who alters the form cf any thing; (ne given to change ; a money-changer. Changing, tshaynf-ing, s. Change; alteration; an al¬ tering or putting one thing for another. Changing-piece, tihaynf-ing-pees, 8. A term of con¬ tempt for a tickle-minded person. Chank, tshanky s. A species of conch shell. CHanna, tshan'-na, s. A fish resembling the sea-perch. Ch s.ssiii.,tshag-7ie^', s. (IV.) A little song. Chant, tshant, v.a. and v.n. To sing; to celebrate in song ; to sing or repeat after the manner of a chant; to intone.—Jo chant a horse,is to advertise it by quali¬ ties which on trial are found wanting. — 8. Song; melody; a peculiar kind of musical recita¬ tion, practised in cathedrals and other churches. Chanter, tshan^-er^ s. One who chants ; a singer; the chief singer, or priest of the chanti^y ; the pipe which sounds the tenor or treble in a bag-pipe. Chanticlef* . tshanl'-e-kleer, s. A crowing cock. Chanting, ■i.innt'-ing, s. The act of singing ; the prac¬ tice ofint* ning,orof repeating in the mannerofachaiit. Cbantlate tshanf-late, s. In building, fx, w^ooden ledge to support tiles forming the eaves of a wall. Chantuess, tshantf-res, s. A female singer. Chantry, tshant-re, s. An endo^ved church or chapel, where one or more priests daily sing or say mass for the souls of the donors, or such as they appoint. CKAOLOQY,t ka-ol'-o->je, s. A description of chaos; a treatise on chaos, or chaotic matter. Chaos, Aa'-os, s. That confusion, or confused mass, in which matter is supposed to have existed before it was reduced to order by the Creator; any mixed mass, without due form or order; confusion ; disorder. Chaotic, ka-ot’-ik, a. Resembling chaos; confused; in a state of great disorder; indigested. Chap, tshap, or tshop, v.a. To cleave, split, crack, or open longitudinally, as the surface of the eaith, or the skin, particularly oi the hands or lips. — v.n. To crack; to open in long slits. “V.a. To exchange; to barter. Sec Chop. “8. A longitudinal cleft, gap, or chink. Chap, tshap, s. A man or a boy; a vouth; an abbrevia¬ tion of chapman ; familiarly, a fellow. —t v.n. To cheapen ; to bargain. Chap, tshop, s. The upper or lower part of the mouih; the jaw. It Is applied to beasts, and, vulgarly, to men; generally iu tee plural, the chaps, or mouth. Chapbudr, tshap’-bd'ok, s. A small book carried about for sale by haw'kcrs. Chapb, tshape,s. The catch of any thing, a.8 the hook of a scabbard, or the catch of a buckle ; a thin metal plate at the end of a scabbard. Chapeau, shdp'-po,s. ; plur. Chapeaux. In her., a cap oi bonnet of dignity foimerly worn by dukes, aud some times called a cap of maintenance. Chapel, t&hap’-el, s. A private oratory, or house of wor¬ ship belonging to a private person ; a place of worship attached to a church, or not attached, but subordinate to it; any place of worship which is not called a church; a meeting-house, or place of woi*ship for dissenters. Among printers, an association of work¬ men to maintain tiieir rights and privileges.— Chapek of ease are additional churches built in large parishet for the accommodatiou of the inhabitants. —X v.a. To deposit in a chapel. Chapbless, tshape'-les, a. ithout a chape. Chapelet, tshap'-let, s. A pair of stirrup leathers, with stiri-ups attached: also written CHAPELLANY,iA'/i«p'-e/-hi-7tc,s. Achapcl and jurisdiction within the precincts of a church, and subordinate to it. CHAPELLiNG,ts/mp'-e/.-^mvith charms. CHARMING [ 159 ] CHAW Gif A&uiHO, ieharm -ing, ppr. of the verb to cfiarin. | — a. Pleading in the highest degree ; enchanting ; be¬ witching; fascinating; delightful; amiable. Charmingly, tiharin'-vuj-le, •■la. In a manner to charm, or to give great delight; in a delightful manner. Charmingness, tsAa»*m'-rn^-7jes, s. The quality of being delightful; the power of pleasing. Charmless, iiArtrmMcs, a. Destitute ofcharma or beauty. CuARNBCo,ts/i«r-»ie'-/:o,s. A land of sweet Spanish wine. Charnel, Uhar'-nel. a. Containing flesh or carcasses. Charnel-house, tsnar'-nel-hows, a. A place under or near a chui'cli,w'here the bones ofthe dead are reposited. Charon, ka'-ron, s. In myth.^ the son of Erebus and Nox, whose office was to ferry the souls of the deceased over the waters of Acheron and Styx, or riversof hell. Charpie, shar'-pe, s. Lint for dressing a wound. Charr, tshar, s. A fish of the salmon kind: see Char. Charred, tshard, pp. lleduced to a coal.— Charred tvood, wood whose surface has been carbonized by burning. Charry, tshar'-re, a. Pertaining to charcoal; like char¬ coal, or partaking of its qualities. Chart, tshart,&. A map ; appropriately, a hydrographi¬ cal or marine map, ora delineation of some partof the sea,on paper, with the coasts,isles, rocks,banks, chan¬ nels or entrances into liarbours,rivers, and bays, the points of compass, soundings or depth of water, Ac., to assist seamen in regulating the courses of ships. Charta, kar'-td, s. (Lat.) A charter; a public deed conveying a grant. CHARTACEOus,A:fir-ia'-«/ins,a. Papery; resembling paper; having a texture like paper. Charte, shart, s. The constitution or fundamental law of the French monarchy, established at the restora¬ tion of Louis XVIII., in 1814. CiiARTKL, kar'-tel, s. See Cartel. Charter, tshar’-ter, s. A written instrument, executed in due form, by a sovereign or prince, conferring or confirming certain powers, rights, privileges, and Im¬ munities ; a patent; a grant; a contract, v.a. To establish by charter ; to incorporate; to hire — or let a ship by charter. Chartered, is/mr'-ierd, pp. or a. Invested with privi¬ leges by charter; privileged; granted by charter; liired, or let. as a ship. Charterer, tshar'-ter-er, s. One who charters. Charterist, tshar'-ter-ist , 8 . The upholder of a charter. Charter-land, 8. Laud held by charter. Charter-party, tshar'-ter-par-te,s. In com., an agree¬ ment respecting the hire of a vessel and the freight. Chartism, tsharv-izm, s. The principles held and pro¬ mulgated by a democratic body called Chai’tists, as contained in a document called the People's Charter, in which universal suffrage, annual parliaments, vote by ballot, electoral districts, and payment of members of parliament, are the leading points. Chartist, tshart'-ist, s. A supporter or advocate of Chartism ; an ultra-radical reformer. Chartless, tshar^-les, a. Without a chart; of which no chart has been made; not delineated on paper. Chartreuse, shar'-trerz, s. (Fr.) A celebrated mon¬ astery of Carthusians, in France. Ckartreux, s/mr'-fru, 8. (Er.) A Carthusian friar. Chartulary , 8 . See Cartulary. Char- WOMAN, tshayr'-loum-un, s. A woman who works as a house-servant by the day, or who does odd jobs. Chary, tshare'-e, a. Careful; wary ; fnigal; niggard. Chasabls. tshas^-d-bl, a. That may be chased; fit for the chase. Chase, tshase, v.a. To pursue for the purpose of taking; to hunt; to pursue, as a retreating enemy ; to follow or pursue, as an object of desii'e; to drive away; to follow in close or rapid succession; to disperse; to dispel; to emboss, as metals. — s. Pui*suit; earnest seeking; hunt; a race; hunting; that Yvhich may be chased, or which is fitted to be chased; game; that which is pursued; an open round or place of retreat for deer and other wild easts; an iron frame used by printers to confine tvpes, when set in columns or pages; a wide groove; tiie whole length of a gun’s bore ; a term in the game of tennis.— Chase g\ms, in a ship of war, guns wliich have their ports at the head or stern, used in chasing an enemv, or in defending the ship when chased. Chased, tshayst, pp. of the verb to chase. Chaser, tshas^-er, s. One who chases; a pursuer; a hunter; an enehaser. See Enchase. Chasing, t$hase'-ing, s. The act or art of embossing on ’uetala; embossed work. I Chasm, kazm, s. A cleft; a fissure ; a gap; a void Bps* Chasmed, kazmd, a. Having gaps or a chasm. Chasmy, kazm'-e, a. Abounding with chasms. Chasselas, ors. ^Fr.) Asortofgrape. Chasseur, s/tas-swr', s. (Fr.) A hunter; a huntsman a horseman ; one of a body of light infantry, or light cavalry ; a groom or domestic attached to the suite ol an ambassador or nobleman. Chaste, tshayst, a. Pure from adultery ; free from ob scenity; modest; virtuous; uncorrupt; pure in tasif and style ; free from barbarisms or unnatural phrasca. Chaste-eyed, tshaystf -ide, a. Having modest eyes. Chastely, tshayslf-le, ad. In a chaste manner. Chasten, tshnys'-n, v.a. To correct by ai^ction; to punish; to puri^ from errors or faults. Chastened, tshay/-nd, pp. of the verb to chasten. Chastener, tshay^-n-er, s. One who cliastens. Chasteness, tshaysif-nes, s. Chastity ; purity. Chastening, s. Correction; suffering ui- flicted for the pui-pose of reclaiming ; chastisement. Chastb-tree, tshayst'-tre, s. The Aynns c«6'Ztis, or Vitex. CuK6TisABL^.tshas-tize'-d-bl,a.. Deservingchastisernem. Chastise, tshas-tize', v.a. To castigate; to punish; to reduce to order or obedience ; to correct. Chastised, tshas-tizd', pp. of the verb to chastise. Chastisement, tshas'-tiz-ment, s. Pumshment; correc¬ tion ; castigation. Chastiser, tshas-tize'-er, s. One w'ho chastises. Chastity, tshas'-te-te, s. The state of being chaste; purity of the body ; purity of conduct; freedom from obscenity; freedom from bad mixture, purity Li words and phrases; unadulterated state. Chasuble, tshaz'-n-bl, s. An outward vestment worn by a Romish priest over the alb when officiating at mass, and wliich is distinguished by a large gilt or embroidered cross on the back ; a cope. Chat, tshat, v.n. To converse in a familiar manner, or without form or ceremony; to talk idly; to prate. —t v.a. To talk of. — s. Familiar conversation; idle talk; prate ; ta twig, or little stick. Chateau, 5/id-Zo', s. (Fr.) A castle; a country scat. Chatelet, shat'-e-let, s. A little castle. Chatelaine, s. (Fr.l A kind of ornamental chain, having numerous articles ecceutrically chosen appended to it, usually worn by ladies. Chatellany, shat'-el-ld-ne, s. The lordship or jurisdic¬ tion of a castle : also written CasteLlany. Chatoyant, shd-tivoy'-ant, or shiY-twoy-ong, s. (Fr.) Having a changeable, undulating lustre or colour. Like that of a cat’s eye in the daik. — s. A hard stone, with a changeable lustre. Cuatoyment, shd-twoy'-vient, s. Changeable colours, o-r changeableness of colour, in a mineral; play of colours. Chat-putatoes, tshat-po-Ui'-toze, s-pi. Small potatoes, fit only for pigs, &c. Chattah, tshatf-Ui. 8. In India, an umbrella. Chatted, tshat-tea, pp. of tlie verb to chat. Chattel, tshat’-tl, s. Any movable property. In laxc, all goods, movable or immovable, except such as have the nature of freehold. Chatter, tshat'-ter, v.n. To talk idly, carelessly, or rapidly ; to prate; to jabber; to utter sounds rapidlv and indistinctly, as a magpie or a monkey; to clatter the teeth, as in cluUincss or in fright — s. Sounds like those of a pie or monkey , idle talk. Chatter-box, tshat'~ter-boz,^. An incessant talker. Chatterer, tshat'-ter-er, s. A prater; ar. idle or in¬ cessant talker; a genus of birds, so ciilled from tlieii loud and monotonous notes. Chattering, Rapid, inarticulate sounds, as of birds; idle talk ; a clattering of the teeth. Chatting, tshat-ting^ ppr. of the verb to chat. C^iA.TiTjtshat-te.a.. Given to free conversation; talkative. Chatwood, tshat■too'bd, s. IJttle sticks ; fuel. CHAUDRON,tZs/iaM/-dran,s.6’eeCHA\\ dron and Chaldron, Chauffer, tshauf-fer, s. A small iron furnace, used by chemists. Chaumontelle, sho-inon-td', s. (Fr.) A sort of pear. Chaun,$ tshawn, s. A gap ; a chasm. —t v.n. To open; to yawn. Chaunt, tshant, s. and v. See Chant. Chavender, The chub,orcheveii,afish. Chaw, tshaw, v.a. To grind with the teeth ; to masti¬ cate; to chew; to ruininate {vulgar). ^To turnover in the mind ; to revolve and consider. —X s. The jaw or chap. In vulgar language, a cud , a chew, as much os is put into the m-outh at once. CSAWDEOH [ IGO ] OHEIEOTHERIDM CSA.-\vDaoN 4 tshaw'-amn. s. ifintrails. Chawed, tshatcd, pp. of the verb to chaw. Cha\vn4 tshaion, s. See Ckaun. Chat-root, iiTia'-rooi, ) s. The root of the plant Chata-root, tsha'-yA'VOotf j OMe7ila7idiaumbellata,used in India to give the beautiful red to the Madras cottons. Cheap, tsheep, a. Hearing a low price; purchased at a low price ; of small value ; easy to be had; common ; rot respected. —$ s. Bargain ; purchase; a market. Cheapen , tsheep'-n, v.a. To bargain for ; to beat down the price of; to lessen the value of; ±to ask the price of a commodity , to endeavour to obtain. Cheapened, tsheep'-nd^ pp. of the verb to cheapen. Cheapfner, tsheep'-n-er, s. One who cheapens. Cheaply, tsheep'-le, ad. At a small price; at a low rate. Cheapness, tshe.ep'-nes, s. Lowness of price. CiiEAR, tsheer, s. and v. See Cheer. Cheat, tsheet,\.d.. To defraud by artifice; to deceive; to impose on ; to y*ick ; to beguile. — 8. A fraud committed by deception ; deception ; ar¬ tifice ; trick ; imposition ;*a person who cheats. Cheatable, tsAeei'-d-i/, a. That maybe cheated; liable to be cheated. CHEATABLENESs,n order for money drawn on a banker, payable to the bearer, but in this sense the word is now usually written cheque; a token ser\ing for identification ; a ticket; a checkered cloth; a term used in the game of chess, when one party obliges the other either to move or guard hb king ; a term used in falconry, when a hawk forsakes lier proper game, to follow rooks, pies, or other fowls that cross her in her flight.— Check, or ch€ck-roll,?i roll or book containing the names of persons who are attendants and in the pay of a sovereign or great personage.— of the check, a person in the royal household who has the check and control of the yeomen of the guard. Check-book, tshek'-hdbk, s. A book containing blank checks upon a bank, kept by persons who have ac¬ counts with it. Checked, tshe.kt, pp. of the verb tc cVcA. Odecker, tshek'-cr, v.a. To variegate with cross lines ; to foi-m into little squares, like a chess-board, by lines or stripes of different coloui*s; to diversify; to variegate with different qualities, scenes, or events- — s. One who checks or restrains; a rebuker; t a chess¬ board ; tchecker-work. Checker-work, tshek'-er-ivurk, s. "Work consisting of cross lines; work varied alteniately as to its colours or materials. Checkered, tshek'-erd, pp. of the vcrb.fo checker. Checkers, tshek'-erz, s.pl. Draughts, a game played on a checkerea board; cross stripes of different coiours. Checkless, tshek'-les, a. Uncontrollable; violent. Checkmate, tshek’-mate, s. In chess, the final or win¬ ning movement, or a check given to the adversary’s king v.’hcn in a position in'which it can neither be protected nor moved out of check. Figuratively, de¬ feat; overthrow. — v.a. In the game of chess, to defeat: see the substan¬ tive. Fig., to arrest and defeat; to place in a position of difficulty, from w'hich there is no escape. Cbecky, tshek'-e, s. Id heraldry, a border tnat has more than Tw’o rows of checkers, or when the bordure or shield is clieckered like a chess-board. CnruDER, tshed'-der, s. A kind of cheese, so called from H village in Somewetshire. ■where it is made CiiEDDER-riNK, 6. A flower, a species of Dianthus. Cheek, 8. The side of the face below the eyes, on either side. Among mechanics, cheeks are tho?, pieces of a machine, or other kind of workmanship, which form corresponding sides, or which are double and alike.— Check byjoivl, closeness, proximity. Cheek-bone, tsheek'-botie , s. The bone of the cheek. Cheeked, tsheekt, a. Brought near the cheek. Cheek-tooth, tsheeld-toothy s. The hinder tooth or tusk. Cheep, tsheep, v.n. To chirp, as a young bird ; to pirie. Cheer, tsheer, v.a. To salute with shouts of joy; to applaud; to encourage; to animate; to incite; to gladden; to enliven ; to cause to reioice, to console; to comfort; to refresh. — v.n. To gro'w cheerful; to become gladsome or joyous — s. A shout of joy, triumph, or applau.se; stamping or other expressions of applause; a state of gladness or joy; gaiety; that w'hich makes cheerful; enter¬ tainment; provisions for a feast; good intelligence, state or condition as to enjoyment; food. Cheered, tsheerd, pp. of the verb to cheer. Cheerer, tsheei''-er, s. One who cheers; he or that which gladdens. Cheerful, tsheer'-ful, s. Having good spirits; lively animated; gay; mon-y ; joyful; willing; contented. Cheerfully, tsheer'-ffd-le, ad. In a cheerful mauju r Avillingly; readily. Cheerfulness, tsheer'-fid-nes, s. Good spirits; Uveii ness; animation; alacrity; mirth; gayety. Cheerily, tsheer'-e-le , ad. Cheerfully. Cheeriness, tsheey-e-nes, s. Cheerfulness. Cheeringlv, tsheei''-in(i-le, ad. In a cheering manner. Cheerishness, tsheo''-ish-nes, s. State of cheerfulness. Cheerless, tsheer'-les, a. Joyless; sad; dejected ; com¬ fortless; (lull; gloomy. Cheerlessness, tsheer'-les-nes, s. Destitution of com¬ fort or enjoyment; gloominess. CiiEERLY, Zi/iecr'-Ze, a. Gay; cheering. — ad. Cheerfully; joyously; heartily; readily. Cheerup, tsheer'-up, v.a.. To make cheerful ; to enliven to animate ; to quicken : also written chirrup. Cheery, tsheer'-e, a. Gay ; sprightly. Cheese, tsheez' , s. The curd of milk, coagulated ustiallv by rennet, separated from the serum or whev, uhq pressed in d lat, hoop, or mould ; a mass of pom'acc or ground apples; any thing in the form of cheese. Chee.se-cake, tsheez'-kake, s. A cake made of soft curds, sugar, and butter. Cheese-fly, tsheez'-Jii, 8. A small black insect, the Fiophila casei, produced from the cheese-hopper. Cheese-hopper, tsheez'-hop-per , s. A cheese maggot. Cheese-mite, tsheez'-mite, s. A mite found in cboesc. Cheese-monger, tsheez'-mung-ger , s. A dealer in cliecse Cheese-Paring, tsheez'-pare-ing , s. The rimi of choose. Cheese-press, Zs/iees'-jDr-cs,s. A press or engine for prcia ing curd in the making of cheese. Cheese-rennet, tsheez'-ren-net, s. The plant Ladies Bed-straw, Galium verum, used in coagulating milk. Cheese-vat, tsheez'-vat, s. The vat or'case in which curds are confined for pressing. Cheesy, fs/ipez'-e, a. Having the nature or taste of cheese. Cheetah, tshe'-ta, s. The hunting leopard of India, Felis jubata : also written Chk i aii. Chef-d’(euvre, sha' diiri-r, s. (Fr.) A master-piece; a fine work of art; the principal production of an artist. Chegre, tshe'-ger, i s. A tropical insect ’.vhich enters the Ch-eqo-e, tshe'-go, j skin of the feet, multiplies incredi¬ bly, and proves a source of great annoyance to the negroes. It is also written chigger, chiqre, jigger. Cheiropter, \ A family of mam- Cheiroptera, ki-rop'-ter-A, s.pl. ) miferous animals, characterized by having the anterior toes of the fore legs greatly lengthened, and connected bv a folding membranous expansion of skin, which extends from the neck along the sides of the whole body as far as the hinder feet, and thus enable the animals to fll small distances. Cheiropterots, ki-rop'-ter-us, a. Belonging to or re sembling the Cheiroptera. Cheiropoda, ki-rop'-o~da, \ s.pl. Mammiferous animali Cheiropeds, it'-ro-perfz, j possessed of hands. Cheiromys, ki'-ro-mis, s. A lemurine animal found in the island of Madagascar : see Aye-Ate. Cheirotherixtm, ki-ro-the'-rc-um, s. An extinct animal whose footprints have been met with in various pai-ta of Gcnnany, and which is supposed to have been a gigantic species of batrachian. CHEKOA 161 ] CHICANE Umbkoa, tsh4k-(/-A, B. The Chinese porce»Tam clay. Chbla, ie'-M, 8. The claw of a crab, lobster, &c. Chelidon, keV-t-dorif s. A brown fly with silvery wings. Chelifer, kel'-t-fer, s. A scorpion-like insect of the spider tribe, which walks sideways like a crao. Chelieeroos, ke-lif-er-us, a, Furnished with claws. Cheliform, kel’-e-/orm,ji. Having the form of a claw. Chelone, ke-io'-ne, s. A plant, the Tortoise-flower. Chelonia, ke-lo'-ne-i, s.pl.) An order of reptiles, inclu- Chelonian, ke-lo'-ne-an, s. f ding the tortoises and tur¬ tles; also, a genus of beautiful lepidopterous insects. Chelonian, ke-W-ne-an, a. Pertaining to or designat¬ ing animals of the tortoise kind. Chelt, ke'-le, s. The chela or claw of a shell-flsh. Chemical, kem'-ik-al, or kim'-ik-al^ a. Pertaining to chemistry; resulting from the operation of natural agents ; according to the principles of chemistry. Chemically, kem'-ik-al-le, or kim'-ik~al-le, ad. Accord¬ ing to the principles of chemistry ; by chemical process. CHE.MISE, she-meez' s. A shift, or under garment worn by females. In/or<., a wall that lines the face of any work of earth. Chemisette, shem-e-zef, a. A lace or linen article of dress worn over the bosom Dy women. Chemist, kevi'-ist, or kim'-ist, s. One versed in chemis¬ try ; popularly, one who retails drugs, a druggist. CHEMisTiCAL.-r Ice-mis'~tik-al. Si, Chemical. Chemistry, kem'-ist-re, or kim’-ist-re, s. The science which relates to the elements of matter, the proportions in which they unite, the means of their separation, and the laws which govern and affect these agencies. Cheque, tshek, s. A draft or order for money payable to bearer, drawn on a banker or merchant. See Chece. Chequer, tshek'-er, v. and s. See Checker. Chequin, tshe-kem', s. See Cecchin, or Sequin. Chequy, isAeA'-e, s. SceCHECKY. Cherif, sher'-if, s. Tlie prince of Mecca ; a hi^h priest among the Mohammedans • also -wTitten scherif. Cherish, tsher'-ish.y.a. To treat with tenderness and affection; to hold as dear; to nui-se; to foster; to nourish ; to protect and aid; to encoui-age ; to harbour in the mind; toentei*tain. Cherished, tsher'-isht, pp. of the verb to cherish. Cherisher, isAer'-isA-cr, 8. One who cherishes; an en- courager; a comforter; a supporter. Cherishing, tshlr'-ish-ing, \ s. Support;encourage- CherishmenTj^ j ment; corafoi't. Cherishingly, ad. In an affectionate or encouraging maimer; with tenderness. CHERME8,t ker'-meez, s. See Kermes. Cheroot, she~root', s. A kind of cigar, imported, when genume, from Manilla. Cheropotamos, ker-o-pot'-A-mus, s. A pachydermatous ^ animal, allied to the hog, now extinct. Cherry, tshcr'-re, s. A well-known stone fruit, of many varieties, the produce of several species of Cerasus ‘ VA 8 A.AAAVX oo. I ,vo»»cF “T c~uu,o. ± 11^ 1-10.0101,RH cvergrecu u’cc• Cherry-brandy, tsher'-re~bran'-de, 8 . Bnmdyin wliich cherries are steeped. Cherry-cheeked, tsher^~re-tshee.kt, a. Ruddy-cheeked. Chbrry-Lacrel, is/tei-'-re-ZawZ-reCs. A 8 hinib,the Ccra- ^ sus Lauro-ccrasus, commonly called Laurel. Cherry-pit, tshcr'-re-pit, s. A child’s play, in which cherry-stones ai-e thrown into a hole. Cherry-tree, tsher'-re-tre, s. A name common to trees of the genus Cerasus which produce edible cherries. Chersonese, ker*-so-neez, s. A peninsula. Chert, tshert, s. An impure variety of flint; homstone. Cherty, a. . lake or containing chert, flinty. Cherub, tshh-'-xib, s.; plur.. Cherubs or Cherubim.*^ A celestial spirit or angel, next in order to the seraphim lang.,-An epithet for a beautiful child. In cedes arch., an ornament consisting of an infant’s head joined to two wings. Cherubic, tsher-u'-bik. i a. Pertaining to cherubs; (. HERUBiCAL, tsher -u'-bik-al, j angelicT ViiBKVhiM,tsher' u-birnyS. The Hebrew plural of cAeruft. CHBurrBiN,i tsher'-u-biii, a.. Cherubic; angelic —t s. A cherub. Chbrup, tsher'-up, y. and s. A corruption of ckeerup. Chervil, tsher’-vil, g. A culinary herb, the Sca}idix cere- joltuni; also, the Vhcerophylhiyn sylvestre. CHEsiBLB.isAez'-t'-WjS. Ashort vestment without sleeves, woin oy a Popish priest at mass; a chasuble. I Cr;B 8 Lr>, icAry-b’p, s. A small vermin commonly found I under stones, tiles, &c. G Chesnut, tsncf s. See Chestmlt. scieutiflo game played by two par- ties, with different pieces, on a hoard divided into sixty .four squares, the pieces of each player are dif ferently coloi^d, and consist of a king, a queen, two bishops, two knights, two rooks or castles, and eight pawns —In bot., a grass, the Bromus seccilinus. ^ Chess-apple, tshes'-ap-pl, s. A species of wild service Chess-board, tshe^-hoard, s. A checkered board on which chess is played. Chess-man, tsAes'-wan,s. A piece used in playing chess Chessom, tshes^-sum,a. Mellow earth. Chess-player, tshes'-pla-er. s. One who plays chess one skilled in the game oi chess. Chess-tree, tshes'-tre, s. In ships, a piece of wood bolted perpendicularly on the side, to conhKe the ^ clews of the mainsail. Chest, tshest. s. A large box; a coffer; the trunk of the human body, from the neck to the belly ; the breast, the tliorax. In com., a certain quantitv.—«/ drawers^ case of movable boxes, called drawers —t v.a. To reposit in a chest; to hoard. Chested, tshest’-ed, a. Having a chest: used in com^ posiUon, as, broad-chested, »S:c. Chest-iounderino, tshest'-fow7id-er-ing, s. A disease in horses, resembUng tht> pleurisy in the human body. Chestnut, tshes^-nut, s. The fruit of the chestnut-tree. - a. Of the colour of a chestnut; of a brown colour. Chestnut-tree, tshes'-mit-tre, s. The Castafiea vesca, or ^ tree which produces the edible chestnut. Cheston, tshes'-tun, s. A species of plum. Chetah, tshe'-tA, s. See Cheetah. Cketwert, tshetf-wert, s. A corn measure in Russia equal to nearly six busl els. CnEVACHiE,± shev'-A-she, s. An expedition with cavalry. Chevaqe, isAe8. Chiefaob. Cheval, shev-al', s. (Fr.) A horse; in cotnpositio 7 i, a support or frame.— Cheval glass, a large swiug-glas’* mounted m a frame. CHEVA.L de frise, shev-aV-de-freez' s. (generally used in the plural, Chevaux dk YV.\sz,shev'-o-de-freez’. (Fr.) A military fence composed of a piece of timber tra- versed with long spikes; a kind of trimming. Chevalier, sAtfu-ar-j/rt, or s/iev-a-/e«7-',s. (Fr.) A knight a g^ant young man ; a bird, about the size of a pigeoa ’ In her., a horseman armed at all points. CuEVEN, tshev'-en, s. A river flsli, the chub. Cheveril,-}- isAeu'-«r-ti, s. A kid; kid-leather. —$ a. Yielding; pliable Cheverilizb,J tshev’-er-il-ize, v.a. To make as pliable as kid-leather. Chevisance, sAet/-e-zans, 8. t Achievement; deed; per- fomance; enterprise. In Zaiz>,an agreementorcontract, a final composition between a debtor and his creditor. Chevrette, shev-ref, s. An engine for raising guns or mortars into theii* caiTiagcs. Chevron, shev'-7'U7i, s. In her., an honourable ordinary, representing two rafters of a house meeting at the top. In arcA., an ornament in the form of zigzag work. In the army, the mark on the coat-sleeve? which distinguishes a non-commissioned officer. Chevronbd, shev'-rund, a. Having a chevron, or the form of it. Chevronel, shev'-run-el, s. A small chevron. Chevrotain, shev-ro-tane', s. The smauest of the an¬ telope kind. Cheav, tshu, v.a. To bite and grind with the teeth ; to masticate; to ruminate; to meditate; to champ • to bite, hold, or roll about in the mouth. — v.n. To champ upon ; to ruminate. — s. That which is chewed; a cud. (Vulgar.) Chewed, tshude, pp. of the verb to chew. Chewet,$ tshu'-et, s A mince pie; minced meat. Chewing, tshu'-ing, 5. The act or practice of chewing Chia, tshi'-A, s. A beautiful Mexican plant. Chian, ki'-an a. Pertaining to the island of Chios. Chiaro-oscuro, Ae-a'-fo-o«-Af)o'-ro. s. (ItaJ.) In paint itig, the art of judiciously combming light and shade. Chiastolite, s. In min., see A>.dalc 81 te, Chibbal, tshib'-bal. s. A small sort of onion. Chibook, tshe-book, s. A Ikirkish smoking pipe. Chica, tshi'-kA, s. A fermented liquor made in Peru, ol Indian com; a red colouring substance, a deposit from a decoction of the leaves o/ the Bignonia chica, us^ by some of the American Indians to stain their skins Chicane, she-kane', 8 . Any artifice or stratagem; deculi , fraud; dispute; sophistiT. In law, shift; turn; trick • cavil; idle objection. loa , CHIOAET! [ 162 ] OHILTERN HUNDREDS Chicane, Bhe-knne^, v.n. To use shifts, cavils, or arti¬ fices , to proloJig a contest by tricks , to cheat. vj«i«.,ANEB. sht'-kane'-er, s. One who chicanes; an un¬ fair disputant: a sophisier; a caviller, a cheat. Chicanery ,iihe.~kane 'Sophistry , mean or unfair artifices to perplex ; trickery ; cheating?; wriinj'ling. Chicu, s. ) r'M.- 1 1 0 HicHEs,«A,>tic hen ; a person of tender years ; a word of tenderness. Chickara, tshik'~d.-ray s. A species of antelope. Chickaree, tshik'-a-re, s. The American red squirrel. CiiiCKEN-HE.ARTED, tshik'-en-hart'-€(1, a. Timid; fear¬ ful, cowardly. Chicken-pox, tshik'’en-pox, s. A pitstulous, contagious disease, generally appearing in children. Chickling, tshik'-ling, s. A small chick or cliickeu. Chickpea, tshik'-pe, s. A kind of degenerate pea, cul¬ tivated chiefly for feeding poultry. Chickvveed, tshik'-weed, s. A low, creeping weed, the Sftellaria media, which birds are fond of. Chicory', tshik'-o-re, s. A plant, the Cichormm vxtybxis, also called sxiccory. The leaves are used as a salad, and the root, roasted and ground, is extensively employed to adulterate coffee. Chid, tshid, pret. of the verb to chide. Chidden, tshid'-dn, pp. of the verb to chUie. Chide, v.a.; pret.c/ihZ; 'p'p. chidden. To scold; to reprove ; to censure ; to reprimand ; to reproach. — v.n. Toscold; to clamour; to find fault; toquaiTel. s. Murmur; gentle noise. CiiiDER, tshide’-er, s. One Yvho rebukes or clamours. Chideress,^: tshid^-er-es, s. A female who chides. Chiding, tshide'-ing, s. A scolding; reproof; rebuke; contention; quarrel; clamoui’iiig. Chidingly, tshide'-ing-le, ad. In a reproving manner. Chief, tsheef, a. Principal; highest in office or rank; most eminent; most important; leading; main; espe¬ cial; prime. - 8. A militaiy or naval commander; a leader; master or proprietor ; foreman ; the principal person, part, or thing ; the top of any thing ; the most or largest part of one thing or of many; $an achievement, or mark of distinction. In fter.,tlie upper part of an escutcheon. •hi chief, in hnv, in capite. To hold land in chief, is to hold it directly from the sovereign, by honourable pei-sonal services. - ad. Chieflv. CiiiEFAGE,$ ts)ieef-aje, s. A tribute by the head. Chief-b.aron, tsheef-bai''-xm, s. The president of the court of Exchequer. CiiiF.FDOM.t tsheef-dum,^. Sovereignty. Chiefess,? tsheef-es, s. A female chief. Chief-justice, tsheef fits'-tis, s. The principal judge of a court; a title of the presiding judges in the coui-ts of Common Pleas and Queen’s Pencil. Chief-justiceship, tsheef-jiis'-tis-ship, s. The office of chief justice. Chiefless, tsheef-les,eL. AVithouta chief or leader; weak. Chiefly, tsheef'-le,^id. Principally; especially; above all. Chiefrie, tsheef'-rc, s. A small feudal rout. Chieftain, tsheef-tin, s. A captain, leader, or com¬ mander ; a cliief; the head of a elan. Chieftaincy, tsheef-tin-se, "j s. The office or station Chieftainrt, V of chieftain; head- ChiEFTAiNSHiP, j ship; captaincy. Chiego, tshef-go, s. See Chegob. Chievance^$ tsheev'-ans, s. An unlawful bargain ; traf¬ fic in YVhich money i&extortcd. CiiiEVE,^ tsheev, v.n. To come to an end ; to issue. Chiffonnier, shif'-fwi-ya, s. (Pr.) One Yvho gets his living by picking up rags, &c., in the streets. Chiffonier, shif-fnn-eer', s. A receptacle for rags or shreds; a movable oniamental cupboard or receptacle. CniTTs,ishif -fe,s. An instant; aJtjfy. {Inelegant.) tMg'-ger, j Chzgoe. Chigo, tshe-go, ) Chilblain, tshiV-hlane, s. A sore or inflammation pro¬ duced by cold or frost. — v.a. To produce chilblains; to render sore by frost. Child, tshild, s.; Children, tshil'-dren, s.pl. A son or a daughter ; issue; oflspring ; progeny ; a very young person euce, ■ m 1 , A VO , cv -v-.J J yy son; an infant; one weak in knowledge, experi- e, judgme^it, or attainments • a disciple; any thing the product or effect of another. In the plural, the descendants of a man, however remote; the inhabit¬ ants nf a country.—Ih be with child, to oe preguAJU —X v.a. To bring forth children; to be piolific to beget Childbearing, tshild'-bare-ing, ppr. or a. Bearing chil¬ dren , pregnant w'ilh child. — 8. The act of bearing children , parturition. Child-bed, The period of a Yvoman’s lying- in ; childbirth. Childbirth, 8. The time or act of bringing forth a child, travail, labour; parturition. Childe, tshUd, or tshild, s. A noble youth; the son of a nobleman ; a cognomen formerly prefixed to the family name by the eldest son. CiiiLDED,$ tshlld'-ed, a. Furnished with a child. Childermas-day, tshiV-der-mas-dd, s. An anniversary of the Church of England, held on the 28th of Decem¬ ber, in commemoration of the childi’en of Bethlehem slam by Herod: it is also called Innocents'-Day. Childhood, tshild'-ho'bd, s. The state of a child ; in fancy; the time from birth, or from infancy, to pu¬ berty ; adolescence; the properties of a child. Childing, tshild-ing, ppr. or a. Jicaring chiitli’en ; be¬ ing with child. Childish , tshild'-ish, a. Pertaining to a child or children like a child ; puerile ; ti’ifling; silly ; Yveak. Childishly, ad. In the manner of a child in a weak or foolish manner. Childishness, tshild'-ish-nes, a. The state or qualities of a child; innocence; puerility; triflingness. Childless, tshild'~les. a. Having no child or offspring. (hiiLDLESSNESs, tshila'-le$-nes,s. State of being childless. Childlike, a. Kesembling a child, or that which belongs to childi’eii; puerile; beseeming a child ; meek ; suliniissive ; simple; artless Childly ,t tshild'-le, ad. Like a child. Childness,$ tshild'-nes, s. Childishness. Children, tshil'-dren, s.pL of Child. Childrenite, tshil'-dren-ite, s. A crystallized mineral Chilese, tshe-Ieez', s. sing, and plur. A native or na¬ tives of Chili; the people of Chili. — t a. Pertaining to Chili; Chilian. Chiliad, kil'-e-ad, s. A thousand; a thousand years. Chiliaoon, kil'-e-d-gon, s. A plane geometrical figure of a thousand equal angles. Chiliahedron, kil-e-d-he'-dron, s.; (pi. Chiliakedra, kil-e-d-he'-drd.) A figure of a thousand equal sides. Chilian, tshil'-e-an, a. Pertaining to ChUi. Chiliarch, s. A military chief or commander of a thousand men. Chiliarchy, kil'-e-ark-e, s. A corps of a thousand men. Chiliasm, kil'-e-azm, s. The millennium, or thousand years, Yvhen Satan is to be bound: Rev, xx. Chiliast, kil’-e-ast, s. A Millenarian. Chiliastic, kil-e-asf-ik, a. Relating to the millennium Chilifactive. kil-e-fak'-tiv, a. See Chy'lifactive. Chilioliter, fcil-e-ol’-e-ter, s. See Kiloliter. Chiliometer,/; iLe-ODi'-e- eys. A hollow body of brick or stone, attached to, or fonning part of, the waU of a building, to convey the smoke of a fire made on the hearth, which is formed at its base, to the open air, generally through the roof; a passage for smoke; a nue; a fire-place; a tall glass tube to pro¬ tect the flame of a lamp; a fireplace. Ciiimney-board, tshim'-7i€~hoard, s. A fire-board, q.v. Chimney-corner, tshim'-ne-ko7''-ner, s. Tlie corner of a chimney or fireplace; a place near the fire. Chimney-hook, tshiin'~7ie~h(Sbk, s. A hook for holding pots and kettles over a fire. Chimney-MONEY, tshim'-ue-mun-ne, s. Hearth-money, a duty formerly paid in England for each chimney. Chimney tshim'~ue~pees,^. An ornamental piece of wood, stone, or marble, set round a ftreplaof; a shelf over the fireplace. Chimney-pot, tshim -ne-pot, s. A cylinder of earthen¬ ware, or other material, placed at the top of a chimney to prevent smoking. Chimney -SHAFT, tshim'-jie-sh'uft, 8. The portion of a chimney wliieh rises above the rest of a building. Chimney-sweeper, tghim'-ne-sweep-er, s. One Yvhose occupation is to sweep or clean chimneys. Chimpanzee, tshiin~pan'-ze, s An animal of the ape kind, the African or black orang outang Chin , 8 The lower extremity of the face boJow tiie mouth, tlie point of the under Jaw. China, tshi'-^ta, s A species of fine eartlienware, of which the first specimens were brought fi om China. China-orange, tshi'-nd-or-enj, s. The sweet orange, said to have been originally brought from Cliina. China-pink., tshi'-ua-pmk, s- A perennial plant, the Dia7ithus chmensis. CniHA.-Vi 007 ,tshi'-nd-root, 8 .The rootof theS7nilaz Chi7ia. Chinar, tshi'-7iar, s. A tree of India. China-rose. A beautiful flowering shrub of the MailoYv tribe, the Hibiscus liosa-svie/isis. China-ware, tshi'-nia7i-tist. j fortune-teUer. Chiromantic, ki-ro-7nan'-tik, a. Pertaining to chiro¬ mancy, or divination by the hand. Chironomic, ki-ro-7io77i'-ik, a. Relating to chironomy. Chironomy, ki-ro7ir'-o~7ne, s. Tlie science Yvhich treats of gesture, or oratorical action and pantomime; the practice of gesture in oratory. CHiROPLA8T,At'-ro-/>Zas^ s. An instrument used by some learners of the pianoforte to accustom the hand to a particular position when playing. Chiropbdist, Is. One who treats of or Chiropodist, ki-rop'-o-dist, | curesdiseases of the hands and feet, a corn-cutter or extractoT. Chirosophist. ki-rof^-o-Jist, s. A chiTomancer. Chirp, tsherp. v.n. To make a cheerful noise, ascertain small birds and insects —-t v.a. To cheer up, to make cheerful, to enliven. — 8. The voice of certain small birds, as that of a spar row , the noise of certain insects, as the cricket, &c. Chirped, tsherpt, pp. of the verb to chirp. Chirper, tsherp' er, s One that chirps ; a chirping bird or insect, tone who is cheerful Chirping, tH.y.s. The noise of certain small birds and insects see Chirp. Chihpinoly , tsherp' X7ig-le, ad. In a chirping m&mier. Cbirre. tsher v.n To coo, as a pigeon CHIREUP [ 1C4 ] OHOLEDOLOGY CaiK.au?. rwpjV.a. To cheer-up.—v.n. To chirp. CHiRURoaoNjt At-rtir'^'un, g. A. surjreon. Chirurgeonlt, Ait-rwr-jwn-Ze, ad. In a surgical manner. Chircrqert,!: Ki-rxir’-je-re, s. Surgery. Chirttroic,$ ki-rxir'-jik, ) a. Pertaining to surgery ; CniRURQiCAL,t ki-rur'~jik-al, j surgical. Chiru, ki'-rUf s. A species of Antelope. Chirus, ki'-i-xt8, 8. A genus of Gobioid fishes. Chisel, tshW-il^ s. An instrument of iron or steel, for paring or hollowing wood or stone. In pop. lang., un¬ fair gain; cheat; deception; fraud. — v.a. To cut, pare, gouge, or engrave with a chisel. In pop. lang.yXo take advantage of in dealing ; to cheat. Chiselled, tshiz'-ild, pp. of the verb to chisel. CiiisLEu,A;ts'-/n,8. The ninth month of the Jewish year, answering to a part of November and December. Chisebt, is/ua'-/e, a. Noting a soil between sandy and clayey, containing a large admixture of small pebbles. Chit, tshit, s. A shoot or sprout; a child; a baby; a peit, insignificant person; an instrument for cleaving laths; +a freckle^or push. — v.n. To sprout; to shoot, as a seed or plant. Chit-chaTj, tsliiV-tshaty s. Prattle ; familiar talk. Chiton, ki’-toiij s. One of a family of Gastropodous mollusks, remarkable for having their protecting shell formed of many portions, never truly articulated. Chitter,$ tshit'-terj v.n. To shiver; to chatter. ChitterlinOjJ tshit'~ter-ling, s. The frill of a shirt. Chitterlings, tshit'~ter-lingz, s.pl. The smaller intes¬ tines of an animal used for food, particularly of swine; small sausages. Chittt, tshit'-tey a. Childish; like a babe; full of chits. Chivalric, s/itu'-. or is/uf'-ffZ-riA:, > a. Pertaining to, Chivalrous, sAir-, or ^sAtv'-rt'Z-rMs, I or partaking of, chivalry; warlike; bold; gallant; adventurous. Chivalrously, shiv'-, or tshiv'-al-rus-le, ad. In a chi¬ valrous spirit. Chivalry, shiv'-, or tshiv'-al-re, s. Knighthood; the usages and customs pertaining to the order of knight¬ hood ; the body or order of knights; the system of knighthood; the privileges, characteristics,or mannei*s of knights; the practice of kniglit-errantry; the quali¬ fications of a knight; gallantry; heroism. In laxv, a tenure of lands by knight’s ser\’ice. Chive, tshive, s. A species of small onion. Chives, tshlvez, s.pl. The slender tlireads or filaments in the blossoms of plants; stamens. Chl.amtphore, klam'-e-for, \ s. A small edentate Chlamyphorus, j animal of South America, allied to the annadillo, but in its habits much resembling the mole, and thus named from the cloak-like shape of its tesselated corneous back-plate. Chlamys, kla'-mis, s. A tunic or loose coat worn by the ancients; also, a genus of coleoptera. Chloracetic KCiHyklo-rd-se'-tik as'-id, s. An acid formed by the action of chlorine on acetic acid exposed to bright sunshine. Chloral, klo'-ral, s. A liquid composed of chlorine, carbon, and oxygen, obtained by the action of chlorine upon alcohol. Chlorate, klo'-rate, s. A salt fomed by the union of chloric acid with a salifiable base. Chloric, klo'-rik, a. Pertaining to chlorine, or obtained from it.— Chloric acid, an acid composed of chlorine and oxygen, the latter being in greater proportion. Chlorid, klo'-rid, Is. A non-acid combination of Chloride, klo'-ride,\ chlorine with another element. Chloridic, Wo-Wd'-a«, a. Pertaining to a chloride. Chlorine, ) klo'-rm, s. A greenish-yellow gas, formerly Chlorin, j called oxymuriatic acid, obtained from common salt. It is a powerful agent in disinfecting, and also in bleaching. CHLORiNi 8 ED,*Zo'-rm-i 2 (i,a. Compounded with chlorine. Chloriodate, klo'-re-od-ate, s. A compound of the chloriodic acid with a salifiable base. Chloriodic, klo-re-od'-ik, a.. Consisting of chlorine and iodine, or obtained from them, as the chloriodic acid. Chloriorinb, A^o-r»'-o-rftn, s. Chloriodic acid. Chloris, klo'-ris, s. The greenfinch, a small bird. Chlorite, klo'-rite, s. A soft,olive-green mineral, allied to talc, and somewhat soapy to the touch. In chem., a salt formed of chloric acid and a base. Chlorittc, klo-rif-ik, a. Containing chlorite. Chlorocarbonic, i/o'-ro-Artr-fton'-ti, > a. Terms ap- Chloeocarbonods, A/o'-ro-Artr'-^Mn-Ms, / plied to a compound of chlorine and carbonic oxide. Chlorocyanic, klo-ro-se-an'-ik, a. Composed of chlorine and cyanogen, as the chlorocyanic acid, Chloro?orw, klo ro-/orm, s. A peculiar compound limpid fluid, composed of chlorine, carbon, and hy - drogen. It is much used in surgery to produce in¬ sensibility prior to painful operations. Chlorometer, klo-rom'-e-ter, s. An instrument for test¬ ing the bleaching powers of chloride of lime. Chlorombtry, klo-rom'-e-tre, s. The process of testing the bleaching power of any combination of chlorine. Chloropal, klo-ro'-pal, s. A greenish earthy mineral. Chlorophjeitb, klo-ro-fe'-ite, s. A green mineral, found in small nodiUes. It soon becomes black when broken. Chlorophane, klo'-ro-fane, s. A variety of fluor spar. Chlorophyl, klo'-ro-fil, s. In vegetable physiology, the green colouring matter of leaves. Chlorosis, klo-ro'-sis, s. The green sickness, a disease in¬ cident to young females, giving them a pale, greenish hue ; also, a disease in plants. Chlorotic, klo-rot'-ik, a. Pertaining to, or affected by chlorosis. Chlorous, klo’-rus, a. Pertaining or containing chlo¬ rine.— acid, an acid composed of chlorine and oxygen, the latter being in the smaller proportion. Chloroxalic A.ciT),klo-rox-al'-ik as'-id Same as Chlor- ACETic acid, wliich see. CHLORCRET,t klo'-ru-rct, 8. A compound of chlorine. Choak, tshoak, v.a. See Choke. Choanite, ko'-an-ite, s. A fossil zoophyte of the chalk. Chock, tshok, s A kind of wedge to confine a cask or other body, to prevent it from moving; X an encounter — tv.a. To till up a cavity; 4 : to encounter. Chock-full, tshok'-ful, a. Quite full; chokefull. Chocolate, tshok'-o-late,%. An aUmentary paste or cake, composed of the kernels of cacao-nuts, roasted, ground, and mixed with other ingredients, usually cinnamon, vanilla, cloves, and sugar; a beverage made by dis¬ solving chocolate in boiling water. Chocolate-house, tshok'-o-late-hows, s. A house where company may be seiwed with chocolate. Chocolatb-ndt, tshok'-o-late-nut, s. The fruit of the Cacao, a West Indian tree. Chode, tshode. The old preterit of chide. Choice, tshoys, s. The act or power of choosing; elec¬ tion ; option ; selection; preference; the thing chosen, care in selecting; the best part of any thmg; that which is preferable ; the object of choice ; variety. — a. Select; of great value; precious; costly; exqui¬ site; uncommon; sparing; careful; chary. Choice-drawn,* tshoys'-drawn, a. Carefully selected. Choiceless, a. Without the power of choosing Choicely, tshoy^-le, ad. “With care in choosing; valua¬ bly; excellently; curiously; carefully. Choiceness, isAot/.v-nes, 8. Valuablenesa; nicety; ex¬ cellence ; particular value or worth. Choir, kwire^ s. An assembly or band of singers, espe¬ cially in divine service, in a church; the part of a church aimropriated for the choristers or singers ; the chancel of a cathedral or collegiate church.’ In nun¬ neries, a large hall adjoining to the body of the church, separated by a grate, where the nuns sing the office. Choir-service, kwire’-ser-vis, s. The service of singing performed by a choir. Choke, tshoke, v.a. To stop the passage of the breath, by filling the windpipe, or compressing the neck ; to suffocate; to strangle; to smother; to stifle; to sup¬ press ; to stop by filling; to obstruct; to overpower. In pop. lang., to offend ; to put to silence. — v.n. To have the windpipe stopped ; to be offended. — s. The filamentous or capillary part of an artichoke. Choke-cherry, tshoke'-tshe^-re, s. The popular name of a species of wild cherry. Choked, tshoakt. pp. of the verb to choke. Choke-damp, tshoke'-damp, 8. A name given by miners and well-diggers to a noxious vapour (carbonic acid gas), generated in wells, coal mines, and other pits. Choke-full, a. Full as possible; quite full. Choke-pear, tshoke -pare, s. A kind of pear that has a rough, astringent taste. In pop lang., 2 . sarcasm bi wliich a person is put to silcmce. Choker, tshoke'-er, s. One who chokes another; popu larly, one who puts another to silence; that which cannot be answered. Choke-weed, tshoke'-weed^ s. A plant so called. Choky, tshoke'-e, a. Having a tendency to suffocate. CaoLAGOGUE, kol'-d-gog, s. A medicine that has the spe¬ cific qualitv of evacuating the bile. Choleic, ko-le'-ik, a. Obtained from bUe, as cholttc acid Choledogr.\fhy, kol-e-dog'-rd-fe, 1 s. A treatise on thii Choledologt, ] hi)e. CHOLEE [ 105 ] CHOUSE CBdLCji, holder, 8. The bile ; irascibility ; anger; rage. Cholera, kol’-er-a, s. A bilious disease cWractcri/ed by vomiting and purging, with great pain and debility, often called English or sunple cholera. — Cholera morhns, fA epidemic disease, of Asiatic origin, of a totally dif¬ ferent nature from simple cholera, though character¬ ized by most of its symptoms in a very aggravated form.—Cholera asphyxia, is an aggravated form of cholera morbus, being accompanied with more fre¬ quent watery discharges, retchings, severe spasms, and usually asphyxv, collapse, and speedy death. Choleraic, kol-e-ra'-ik, a. Having the nature or cha¬ racter of cholera; pertaining to cholera. Choleric, ifcor-tfr-tA, a. Full ofcholer; irascible ; angry. Cholericly, koV-er-ik-le, ad. In a choleric manner. Cholericness, kol'-er-ik-nes, s. Irascibility ; anger. Cholerine, kol'-er-in, s. The first stage of cholera. Cholesteric, ko-les'-ter-ik, a. Pertaining to cholester- ine, or obtained from it. Cholesterine, ko-les'~ter~rin, 8. A fatty substance re¬ sembling spermaceti, found in the bile and biliary concretions. Choliamb, Is. A verse having an iambic Choliambic, ko-le-atn'-bik, / foot in the fifth place, and a spondee in the sixth or last. CHOLTRY,<«^o/t;'-<»v,s.An East Indian inn or caravansary. Chondbine, kon'-drill, s. The substance which forms the tissue of cartilage in the ribs, trachea, nose, &c. Chondrodite, kon'-dro-dite, s. A mineral, otherwise called Eriicite. It occurs in grains, of various coIouie. CHONDROGRAPiiY,^on-d/-op'-ni-/e, i s. A treatise on car- Chondrology, kon-droV-o-je, / tilages. CHONDROMETER,A:(m-dro»«'-e-fer,s A balance for weigh¬ ing cornA Chondroptery'qi.ans, kon-drop-te-rif-e-anz,) s.pl. One Chondropterygii, kon-drop-te-rij’-e-i, ) of the two great sections into which the class Pisces is divided, comprehending those fishes the bones and fln-spines of which are formed of gristle, as in the sturgeons, sharks, rays, lampreys, (SC. Chondroptbryoian^ kon-drop-te-rij'-e-an, a. Having gristly fins; pertaining to the chondropterygii. Chonikrite, kon'-e-krite, s. A massive white mineral. Choose, tshooz, v.a.; pret., chose; pp., chosen, chose. To pick out; to take by way of preference from two or more things ofl'ered; to make choice of; to prefer; to select; to elect; to adopt; to will. — v.n. To prefer; to have the pow'er of choice. Chooser, tshooz'-er, s. One who chooses; an elector. Choosing, 8. Selection; choice; election. Choosingly, tshooz'-ingly, ad. By choosing. Chop, t8hop,\.fi. To cut off or separate, by striking with a sharp instrument, either by a single blow or by re¬ peated blows; to cut into small pieces; to mince; to devour eagerly; to break or open into chinks or fis¬ sures ; to crack ; to chap; to barter; to exchange, t To altercate; to bandy words. - v.n. To do anything with a quick motion, like that of a blow; to vary, change, or shift suddenly, as the wind chopped round; t to light or fall on sudden^ ; ± to catch or attempt to seize with the mouth .—% <^hop tn, to become modish.—± To chop out, to give vent to. —^s. A piece chopped off; a small piece of meat at¬ tached to a bone, as a mutton-chop ; a crack or cleft; the chap, see Chap ; a Chinese word signifying quality, applied to goods. In China, a permit, or stamp. Ohop-church, tshop'-tshurtsh, s. An exchange or an exchanger of benefices. {Vulgar.) Chop-fallen, tshop'-fawl-n, a. See Chap-fallen. Chop-huuse, tshop'-hows, s. A dining-house, or house in which a repast may be obtained for payment. Chopin, tshop'-in, or tsho-peen', s. A French half-pint liquid measure, nearly equal to an English pint. In Scotland, a quart of English wine measure. Chopness, isAop'-nes, 8. A kind of spade. Chopped, tshopt. pp. of the verb to chop. Chopper, tshop-per, s. One who chops; a butcher’s cleaver. Chopping, tshop'-ping,3i. Stout; lusty; large; jolly. “• 8. The act of chopping or bartering; a cutting; a mincing; altercation; a high-heeled shoe, formerly worn by ladies, also ^vritten chioppine. Chopping-block, tshop'-ping-hlok, s. A wooden block on which anything is laid to be chopped. Chopping-knife, tshop'-ping-n\fe, s. A large knife for mincing meat, having, usually, a handle at either end. Choppy, tshop'-pe, a. Full of clefts or cracks. Chops, tshovs. s.pl. The mouth of a beast. Set Cfaps. Chopsticks, tshof/stiU, s.pl. Two small sticks of wocn ivory, &c., used by the Chinese to eat with. Choragic, ko-raj-ik, a. Pertaining to the ancient chorus, or to a choragus. — Choragic monument in antiq., a monument erected in honour ol a chorions for the exhibition of the best musical or theatrical entertainment at the festival of Bacchus Choragus, ko-ra'-gus, s. In ancient Athens, the loader of a chorus, or the superintendent of a‘musical or theatrical entertainment. Choral, ko'-ral, a. Belonging to or composing a choir or chorus: singing or sung in a choir Chorally, ko'-ral-le, ad. In the manner of a chorus. Chord, kord, s. A tendon ; the string of a musical in¬ strument ; the union of two or more sounds forming an entire harmony. In geom., a righ^ lire drawn or supposed to extend from one extremity of an arc of a circle to the other. — v.a. To furnish with musical strings, to string. Chordee, kor-de^, s. In med. and surg.. a morbid erec¬ tion of the penis, under which it is considerably curved. Chore, tshore, s. A small piece of domestic work ; a little iob : an American word, the English char. Chorea, ko'-re-d, s. St. Vitus’s dance, a disease which manifests itself in convulsive motions of the limbs, occasioning strange and involuntary gesticulations. Choree, ko-re', s. Same as Choreus, which see. Choreqraphy, ko-reg'-rd-fe, s. The art of representing dancing by signs, as singing is by notes. Chorepiscopal, ko-re-pis'-ko-pal. a. Pertaining to the power of a suffragan or local bishop. Chorepiscopus,$ ko-re-pis'-ko-pus, s. A suffragan or local bishop. Choreus, ko-re'-us, s. In ancient poetry, a foot of two syllables, the first long, the second short; a trochee. Choriamb, A:o'-re-amA, ^ s. In ancient poetry, u foox. CHORIA.MBIC, Aro-rc-am-6*A, v consisting of four sylla- CiiOBiAMBus, Ao-re-rtm'-Aws, j bles, of which the first and last are long, and the others short. — a. Pertaining to a choriamb Choric,+ ko'-rik, a. Pertaining to a chorus. Chorion, ko'-re-on, s. In anat., the exterior membra**e which invests the foetus vi utero. In hot., the exterior membrane of a seed. Chorist , ko'-rist, 1 s. A singer; one of a choir; one Chorister, hoV-ist-er, j of a band of singers who sin^i, in concert; one who leads a choir in chui’ch music. Chorographer, ko-rog'-rd-fer, s. One who describes or delineates any particular region or country. Ohorooraphical, ko-ro-graf'-ik-al, a. Pertaining to cho- rography; descriptive of particular regions or countries. Chorooraphically, ko-ro-graf-ik-al-ie, ad. In a cho- rographical manner. Choroqrapht, ko-rog'-rd-fe, s. The description of any particular district or couutiy; the art of describing oV delineating any particular region, country, or pro¬ vince : it is greater in its object than topography, but less than geography. Chcaoit, ko'-royd, a. In aiiat., a term applied to several parts of the body that resemble the chorion. Chorometry,^ ko-rom'-e-tre, s. The art of surveying a country. Chorus, ko'-rus, s. A company of persons singing in concert; a piece performed by a whole company in concert; verses of a song in which the company join the singer; the joint performance of music by the whole orchestra; a musical composition of two or more parts; a concert. In the ancient drama, persons who are supposed to behold what passes in the acts o? a piece, and sing their sentiments between the acts , the song between the acts of a piece. Among the ancient Greeks, a band of singers and dancers, who performed odes by singing and dancing in honour of the gods, particularly Bacchus. Chose, shoze, s. In law, a thing; a chattel; property. —Chose in action, property which a person has not in possession, but has a right to sue for, as a debt. Chose, tshoze, pret. and pp. of the verb to choose. Chosen, tsho'-zn, pp. of the verb fo choose — a. Select; distinguished by preference; eminent. Chouans, slioo'-anz, s.pl. A name given to the armed partisans of the Bourbons in Brittany and other parts of the west of France, 1793—1803. Chough, tshuff, s. A bird of the crow family, also callei the red-billed jackdaw. Choule, tshowl, 8. See Jowl. Choultry, tchoud'-trej^. See Ckoltry. Chouse, tsAouj, v.a. To Cheat; to CHOUSE [ 160 ] CHEYSALIE Choubb, Uhoivi, B. One easily cheated, a simpleton; a trick ; an imposition ; one who cheats. {Vulgar.) Choused, tshowsi^ pp. of the verb to chouse. Chowder, tshow' aer, s. In America, a dish of fish boiled with biscuit, salt pork, &c.— Chowder-beer, a local name for a kind oi spruce beer. —' v.a. To make a chowder. Chowrt, tshow'-re, In India, a whisk to keep off flies. ChowtkRjJ tshow'-ter, v.n. To grumble like a frog or a froward child. Choy-root, tshoy’-root,s. See C 11 . 4 .Y-R 00 T. ChREMATisTics, Are-7Hdt-i«s'-itA-s,s. The science of wealth; political economy. Chrestomathy, kres tom’~d-the, s. A book of extracts useful in leaniing a language. Chrism, krizm, s. Unguent; unction; consecrated oil used in the Koman and Greek churches in the ad¬ ministration of baptism, confirmation, ordination, and extreme unction. Chrismal, kriz'-mal, a. Pertaining to chrism. Chrismation, kriz-ma'-shun, s. The act of applying the chrism, or consecrated oil. CiiRisMATORY, kriz'-ma-to-re, s. A vessel to hold chrism. Chrisom,:}. kriz'-um,s. A child that dies within a month after its birth; so called from the chrisom-cloth, or linen cloth anointed with holy oil, which was for¬ merly laid over a child’s face when it was baptized; also, the cloth itself. Christ, krlst,^. The ANOINTED;an appellation given to the Saviour of the world, and synonymous with Die Hebrew MESSIAH. Cn RisT-cRoss-RO'Y , kris' kros-ro', s. An old term for the alphabet, probably from the cross set befor*» Christen, kris’-sn, v.a. To baptize and name; to ini¬ tiate into the visible Church of Christ, by the applica¬ tion of water; to name, sometimes applied to things. Christendom, s. The countries or regions inhabited by Christians, but more particularly the countries under Christian sovereigns and institutions; the whole body of Cluisiians; Christianity . Christened, ArtA'-snrf, pp. of the verb to christen. Chjiisteninq, kris'-sn-%ng, s. The ceremony of bap¬ tism , the act of baptizing and naming. Christian, krist'-yan, s. A believer in Christ; a real disciple of Christ, or one who practises, as well as professes, the doctrines and precepts of Christianity. —In a general s«?i5e,the name is given to all born in a Christian country, or of Christian parents. — a. Pertaining to, or taught by, Christ; professing, belonging to, or in accordance with Christianity. —$ v.a. To baptize ; to christen. Christianism, krist'-yan-izm, s. The Christian religion; the nations professing Christianity. Christianite, krisif-yan-ite, 6. In min., a variety of Anorthite. Christianity, krist-yan'-e-te, s. The religion taught by Christ, the doctrines professed by Christians. Christianization, krist-yan-e-za'-shun, 8. The act of Chrislianuing. Christianize, kj-ist'-yan-ize, v.a. To make Christian; to convert to Christianity. Christianized, krist’-yan-\zd, pp. of to christianize. Christianlike, krist'-yan-like, a Befitting a Christian. Christianly, Ansf-i/ari-fe, a. Becoming a Clii'istian — ad. In a Christian manner. Christian-name, Artsi'-j/rrH-nrttne,s. The name given at baptism, as distinct from the surname. CBRisTiANNESs.t kvist'-yan-iics, a. The profession of Cliristianity. Christianogratht,:^ A» ts«-yrtn-o{ 7 '-rd-/e,s. A general de¬ scription of Christian nations. Christicolist, Kris-tik'-o-lisi, s. A worshipper of Christ. Christless, krisf les, a. Having no belief in Christ. C/HkiSTMAs, kris'-mas, s. The festival of the Christian ‘CharCh, observed annually on the 25th day of Decem- iHjr, m memory of the birtb of Christ; Christmas-day. ^ a. Belonging to the period during which Christmas is celebrated, or to its festivities. Christmas mas-box, s. A box for collecting presents at Clirislmas; a Clmsima.? presen 0 hri8Tma8-dai , s The 25th DecemDcr. Christmas-flow ( s. The plant UHRiSTMAS-ROSB, ikfu mos-toze, I Hellebvrus ni- ger, producing beantifal white flowers about Christmas. Christmas-tide, Is. The season or (JHHI 8 TMAS krif' rnas'twte,) period during which ChnstniAS Is celebrated. Christology, kris-tol'-o-^e, 8. A discourse or treatise coLcernlJig Christ’s-thorn, krlsis'-thorn, s. The Hhamnus pat$ur 74 s, supposed to be the plant which furnished The Crown of Thorns. CHROASTACE8,/:j'o-as'-itt-«e€S,s. Agenus of pellucid gems Chroma, kro'-mh, s. A soft kind of music, a quaver, In rhet., a figure of speech consisting in speaking in such a way as not to offend the hearer. Cbromati;, kro'-mate^ s. A salt formed by the union oi ciiromic acid with a base. Chromatic, kro-mat'-ik, s. llelating to colour; noting a particular speciesof music, wliich proceeds by several semitones in succession. — s. A kind of music that proceeds by a succession of semitones ; or it denotes accidental semitones. Chromatically, kro-mat'-ik-al-le, ad. In the chroma¬ tic manner. Chromatics, /cro-wmt'-tVes, 8. The science of colours; that branch of optics which treats of the properties of the colours of light and natural bodies. Chromatography, kro-mit tog'-rd-fe, s. A treatise on colours or chromatics. Chrome, Aromt. ) s. A grayish-white, brittle Chromium, Aro-mt'-u'n, I metal, remarkable for the variety and beauty of its coloured preparations.— Chrome, or Chromic yellow^ the artificial chromate of lead, a beautiful yellow pigment. Chromic, kro'-mik, a Pertaining to chrome, or obtained from it, as, Chromic acid. Chromite, Aro'-mite,8 A mineral containing chromium Chronu., kron'-ik, t a. Relating to time, or dura Chronical. A/on'-ger. Chuonc graphy, kro-nog'-rd-fe, s. A description of time past. Curonologer, kro-nol'-o-jer,s. One wtio studies, or W'ha is versed in chronology; one who arranges past events according to the order of time in which they occurred. Chronologh:, kro-no-loj’-ik, ) a. Relating to chro- CiiRONOLOGiCAL, kro-uo-lof-ik-al, j nology; coiitainiug an account of events in the order of time; according to the order of time. Chronologically, kro-no-lof -ik-al-le, ad. In a chrono¬ logical manner. Chronoloqist, Aro-nor-o-jisijS. Same as Chronologer,c[.y. Chronology, kro-nol'-o-je, s. The science w'hich treats of or teaches the true periods or years when pas^ events took place, and arranges them in their propei order, according to their dates; a register or tabuiai view of events or dates. Chronometer, kro-nom'-e-ter, s. In a general sense, an> instrument that measures time, or that divides time into equal portions, or that is used for that purpose, as a clock, watch, or dial; appropriately, an instru¬ ment that measures time with great exactness, used by mariners for determining the longitude at sea, &c Chuonomstric, Aro-no-mei'-j lA, 1 a. Pertaining to CuB.oiiOhiETB.ickL, kro-tio-met'-rik- its becouiinjt a huttcrfiy or niolli , a?! aurelia. Chrysanthempm , kris-nn'-the-mwH, s. A ffenus of com¬ posite plajits, of which the Ox-eye Daisy and Corn Man;;oId are familiar examples. Ch u YS'horch. and Uie w.'uum to he churehed. (Jhurch ale, tshurfsh'-nit, s. A wa* e, or feast, com memoratory of the dedieution of a chureh. Chi Ri H-ATTiRL,(s/mr«.sA'-««-ftre',8. Habit woni indivinF service. Church-authority, tshurtsh'-aw-thor'-e-te, s. Eccle siastical power, spiritual jurisdiction. Churc h-bench, s- -V scat in the p rch of a church. ('HuacH-Bi RIAL, tshurtsh'■ber'-e-al, s. Hurial according to the rites of the cliurch. Church-dikcipi.ine, tshurtsh' dis'-se-plin, «. Discipline of tlip church, intended to correct the offences of it.s members; the mode oi procedure against such clerics as have offended against the laws ecclesiastical. Churchdom, tshurUh'-dum, s. The government, jy^wer, or authority of the church. Chur( HED, tshurtsht. pp. of the verb to chxirch. CiivKcn-vovs'D'R.K.tsluirtsh'-foicnd'-er,s. One who builds or endows a church. Church-goer, tshurish'-go'-er,s. One who regularly at¬ tends at church. Church-going, tshurtsh’-go'-ing, s. Usually attending church. Church-history, tshurtsh'-his'-to-re, 8. History of tV.e Christian Church; ecclesiastical history. Churching, tshurtsh'-ing, s. The act of returning thanks in church after childbirth. Chukchism, tshurtsh'-izm, s. Adherence to the cliurch. Church-land, tshurtsh'-land, s. Land belonging to a church. Churchlike, tshurtsh'-like, a. llcsembling a church, befitting a church or churchman; as used or per formed in a church; ecclesiastical. Church-living, tshurtsh'-liv'-ing, 8. An ecclesiasticaJ benefice. Churchman, tshurtsh'-man, s. An ecclesiastic; araember of the Church of England; an episcopalian. CiiuRCHMANSiUP, ishurtsh' man-ship, s. State of being a churchman, or of belonging to the episcopal church. Church-member^ tshurtsh'-mem'-ber, 8. A member in communion with a church ; a professor of religion. Church-membership, tshurtsh'-mem'~ber-ship, s. StiUo of being a church member. CHURCH-MiLiTANT^tsAMrisA'-mtr-p-^a7ii,8. The Christian church, as warring against spiritual evil of all kinds. Church-music, ^«Awr^«V-mPle'-ZlA:,s. The service of sing¬ ing or chanting in a church; music used in churches, or suited to churdi service. Chcechouted,^ tshurtsh'-owt-ed,%. Excommunicated. Church-owl, tshxcrtsh’-ou'lj s. One of the names given to the Goat-sucker, a fi-ssuostral bird. Church-preferment, ts)^urtsh'-pre’fer'-ment,8. Bene¬ fice or advancement in the church. Church-rate, tshurtsh'-rate, s. A rate levied upon parishioners for the support of the parish church. Church-rule, tshurtsh'-ruie, s. Ecclesiastical govern¬ ment. CHURCHsniPj-i-fsAtir^s/i'-sAtpjS.Tnstitution of the church Churchwarden, tshurtsh'-wor'-dn, s. One of two or more officers elected in every parish to take care of the church, its property, and concerns, and to act as the legal representatives of the parish. Church-way, tshurtsh'-wa, s. A road that leads to the church. Church-work, tshurtsh'-tcurk, s. "Work for or on a church work carried on slowly. Churchyard, s. The ground adjoining to a church, in which the dead are buried; a cemetery. Churl, tshurl, s. A rude, surly, ill-bred man ; a rustic; a miser; a niggard. Churlish, fsAMr^-isA,a. Rude, surly; sullen; uncivil: ill-natured, untractable ; obstinate; selfish; avaricious. Churlishly, tshurl'-ish-le, ad. In a churlish manner rudely; roughly; surlily. Churlishness, tshurl'-ish-nes, s. Rudeness of manners. Churly,+ a. Churlish; rude; boisterous. CHURME,j 8. Noise; clamour; confused sound Churn, tshurn, s. A kind of tub or vessel in which cream is agitated for the production of butter. — v.a. To agitate cream in a churn for the production of butter; to shake or agitate with violence or con¬ tinued motion. Churned, tshurnd. pp. of the verb to churn. Churning, tshurn-ing, s. The operation of agitating cream for the production of butter; as much butts? as is made at one operation. OIUEN-STAPP [ 168 ] OINCTUEE CfloaN-eTAFP, t(Jiurn'-ataff 8. A staff used in churmng. (Jhurrworm, tshur'-wunn, 8. An insect allied to.tlie cricket, also called the mole-cricket j and the J'aji-cricket. Chuse, tshuze. v.a. See Choose. vJh csiTE, keiv^-site, or tshu'-sitef 8. In min., a yellowish variety of chrysolite. OuuTE, shute, 8. A fall. Chtazic, ki-az'-ik, a. Noting a compound of hydro¬ cyanic acid. CnYLA.CEOus,A:»-Za'-fi/iMs,a. Chylous; consisting of chyle. Chyle, kile, s. In animal physiology, a milky fluid gene¬ rated in the stomach during the process of digestion, by the action of the pancreatic juice and the bile on the chyme, and which being absorbed by the lacteal vessels is gradually assimilated into blood. CuY-LiYfLcrionykil-e-fak'-shun, is. The act or process Ch YuriCATioN, kil-e-fe-ka'-shun, j of making chyle. Ch YLiFACTivE, kil-e-fak'-Hv, ) a. Forming or cliang- Chylificatory, kil-c-fe-ka'-to-re, | ing into chyle ; hav¬ ing the power to make chyle. Chylif EROU8, ki-lif'-er-us, a. Transmitting chyle. Chylopoetic, ki-lo-po-et'-ik, a. Chylifactive. Chylocs, Ai/e'-us,a. Peitaining to,or consisting of chyle. Uhvme, Wme, 8. That particular modification which food fii*st assumes after it has undergone the action of llie stomach, and which, after the chyle has been separated from it, becomes excrementitious matter. \ Chemical, Chemist, Che- CHVMiSTRY,A:tm'-t«-fre,8. I mistry. Chymification^ kim-e-Je-ka'-shun, s. The process of be¬ coming or being formed into chyle. Chymify, kim'-e-Ji, v.a. To form or become chyme. CHYMous,A:nn«'-us,a. Kelatingtoorconsisting of chyme. CiBARious, se-Oa'-re-tis, a. Relating to food ; edible. CiBOL, sib'-ul, s. A sort of small onion. CiuoRiuM, se-bo'-re-zim, s. An insulated arched vault on four columns ; any insulated tabernacle ; the tomb of a manyr, sculptured and used as an altar; the cof¬ fer containing the host in Roman Catliolic ceremonies; a large drinking cup; the Egyptian bean. Cicada, se-ka'-da, s. A genus of hemipterous insects of many species, living on trees or shrubs, popularly called tree-hoppers, frog-hoppers, &c., and in some places, erroneously, locusts. Cicatrice, sik'-a-tris^ s. A scar; a little seam or eleva¬ tion of flesh remaining after a wound or ^cer is healed; a cicatrix ; a mark ; an impression. CiCATRicLE, sik'-A-trik-L s. The germinating or foetal point in the embryo oi a seed or the yolk of an egg. Oic ATRIC 08 E, sik'-a-tre-kose, a. Full of scars or cicatrices. OiCATRi8ANT,sife'-a-i7‘i-san<, s. Acicatrisive application; an escharotic or epulotic. (hcATBrsivB, sih'-A-tri-siv, a. Inducing a cicatrice. (hCATRix, se-ka'-trix, s. A cicatrice. Cicatrization, sik-A-tre-za'-tion,s. The process of heal¬ ing or forming a cicatrice ; the state of being healed, cicatrized, or skinned over. Cicatrize, sik'-a-trize, v.a. To heal a wound or ulcer by inducing the formation of a skin, or to apply medi¬ cines for that purpose. — v.n. To heal or be healed ; to skin over. Cicatrized, sik'-a-trlzd, pp. of the verb to cicatrize. ciCATROSEjt sik’-A-trose, a. Full of scars; cicatricose. Cicely, sis'-e-le, s. A plant, a species of Chaerophyllum. Tlie Sweet Cicely is the Myrrhis odorata. CicER, si'-ser, s. The Vetch or Chick-pea, a genus of leguminous plants. Cicerone, tshe-tsha-ro'-na, or ais-e-ro'-ne, s. (Ital.) A guide ; one who shows and explains to strangers the curiosities of a place. Ciceronian, sis-e-ro'-ne-an. a. Pertaining to Cicero; resembling Cicero in style or action; eloquent; dif¬ fuse ; flowing; vehement. CicERONiANisM, sxs-e-ro'-ne-a7i-izm, s. Imitation or re¬ semblance of tlie style or action of Cicero. CicuoRACEous,siA:-o-r«'-54M5,a. Pertaining to or having the qualities of succory. OicnoRY, Is. Succory, or Wild-Endive, CicHORiuM, si-ko'-re-um,) a genus of composite plants: see Chicory. CiciNDELA, sis-in-de'-lA, s. A genus of coleopterous car¬ nivorous insects, popularly called the Sparklers in allusion to their rich metallic colours. <'ici8BEisM, se-sis'-be-iz9n,s. The state or conduct of a ci- ebbeo; the practice of dangling about married women. L'jcisbeo, tshe-tshis-ba’-o, or se-aia'-be-o, s. (Ital.) A dansrler about females; a gallant; one who assidu¬ ously attends upon a married woman with all respect and devotion of a lover. CicoNiA, s. The Stork, a genus of wading birds, of several species. CicuRATE,t aik'-yu-rate, v.a. To tame ; to reclaim from wildness; to make tractable. CictTRATioN,t «4A-yM-ra'-sA«n, 8. The act of taming or reclaiming from wildness. CicuTAjt ae-kew'-tA, s. The Cowbane, or AVater-hem- lock, a genus of poisonous plants: the name was also formerly given to the Conium maculatum, or officinal hemlock, and to the poison obtained from it. CiD, sid, 8. (Spanish.) A chief; a commander; also, the name of a celebrated Spanish epic poem. CiDARis, sid'-A-ris, s. A genus of echuiites. Cider, si'-der, s. A fermented liquor made from the ex¬ pressed juice of apples; formerly, any strong Uquor, except wine. CiDERisT, si'-der-ist, s. A maker of cider. CiDERKiN, si'-der-kin, s. An inferior kind of cider. Ci-DEVANT, se'-de-t’ong, ad. (Fr.) Formerly; heretofore. — a. Previous; late; fonner; recently holding; used to designate men who have retiied from office. CiELiNo, se'-ling, s. See Ceiling. CiERGE, syerzh, or aeerdj, s. (Fr.) A wax candle used iu religious rites. Cigar, se-gar', 8. A small roll of dried tobacco leaves for smoking. Cilery, sil'-er-e, s. The drapery or foliage carved on the heads of columns. Cilia, s.pl. The eyelashes. In hot., long hairs on the margin of a plant, leaf, &c. Inzool., minute filaments wliich project from animal membranes, and are endowed with quick vibratile motion. Ciliary, aiV-yA-re, a. Belonging to the eyelids; per¬ taining to the cilia in animals or vegetables. CiLiATEi, sil’-e-a-ted ,) 1' '“'“ished with cilia. CiLicious, se-lish'-u$, s. Made or consisting of hair. CiLiOGRADE, siV-e-o-grade, s. One of a tribe of Aca- lephans [Ciliograda), which swim by means of ciha, as the Sea-nettle, «kc. CiMA, si'-ma, 8. See Cyma. CiMAR, se-mai"', s. See Chimere and Simae. CiMBAL, sini'-bal, s. A kind of cake. CiMBEXj sim'-bex, s. A genus of hymenopierous insects contammg the largest of the saw-flies. CiMBiA, sim-be-A, s. In arch., a fillet or band round the shaft of a coluinn to strengthen it. CiMBRic, sim’-brik, a, I’ertaining to the Cimbri, a people who formerly inhabited Jutland and Holstein. — s. The language of the Cimbri. CiMELiARCH,:}: se-me'-le-ai'k, s. The chief keeper of the plate and other things of value belonging to a church. CiMELiABCHTjJ 86-7)16'urk-e, 8. The room or place in a church in which the plate, vestments, and other tilings of value are deposited; a vestry. CiMETER, shn'-e-ter, s. A short sword with a convex edge or recurvated point, used by the Persians and Turks: also written scimitar. CiMEx, si'-niex, s. A genus of Hemipterous insects, of which the bed-bug, Ciinex lectularius,is, the type. CiMiss, si'-mis, s. The bed-bug. Cimmerian, sim-nie'-re-an, a. Pertaining to the Cim- merii, or their country; extremely and perpetually dark. The Cimmerii were an ancient people of the land now called the Ci’imea, and their country being subject to heavy fogs, was fabled to be involved in deep and continual obscurity. Ancient poets also mention a people of this name w'ho dwelt in a valley near Lake Avemus, in Italy, w^hich the sun W’as said never to visit. CiMOLiTE, sim'-o-lite, s. A species of grayish-white clay. Cinchona, sin-ko'-nA, s. The Peruvian bark tree, or Quinqvi)ia, a genus of numerous species. CiNCHONACEocs, sin-ko-na'-shus, a. Pertaining to the genus Cinchona. CiNCHONATE,8m'-A;o-nffie,s. A salt formed by the union of the cinchonic acid with a base. CiNCHONiA, sin-ko'-ne-a, ) s. An alkaloid obtained CiNCHONiNA, sin-ko'-ne-nA, > from the bark of cinchona, Cinchonine, «in'-A:o-win, ) used in medicine. Cinchonic, sin kon'-ik, a. Composed of, or obtained from cinchona bark, as the cinchonic acid. Cincture, sinkt'-yur, s. A belt, a girdle, or something worn round the body; that which encompasses or en- closes. In arch., a ring or list at the top and bottoin of the shaft of a column. CIJIOTUEED [ ISO ] OIECULATIOIT CTvri'ruKT), tinkf'Vurd, a. Haring a cincture or girdle. 9in' der, s. Any thing that has been subjected to combustion and quenched without being reduced to ashes; appropriately, a hot coal that has ceased to flame, or the relics or refuse of burnt coal or wood. CiNDBB-WENCH, Is. A woman who Cinder-WOMAN,« n'-der-tcum'-an, f gains her living by raking into heaps of ashes for cinders. CiNDERT, sin'-der-e, a Pertaining to, resembling, or comnosed of cinders- CiNDRofs, sin'~dru8, a. Like a cinder or cinders. Cinefaction, $in-e-fak'-»hwi, s. Reduction to ashes. CiNERACEOus, siti-e-ra'-shus, a. Resembling ashes having the colour of the ashes of wood. Cineraria, sin-e-ra'-re-d, s. A genus of pretty Com¬ posite plants, of several species. CiNERART, tin'-€-rd-re, a. Pertaining to or like ash'38. CiNERATioN, sin-e-ra'~shvn, s. The reducing of any thing to ashes by combustion. Cinereous, 1 a. Ash-coloured; gray; CiNERiTioxjs, -«*, ) resembling ashes. CiNERULENT, sin-ir*-xi-lent, a. Full of ashes. ‘ Cingalese, eing'-Qd-leez, s. A native or the natives of Ceylon. — a. Pertaining to Ceylon, or its inhabitants. CiNOLBjt tin'-gl, s. A girth for a horse : see Surcingle. Cinnabar, s. A native red sulphuret of mercury ; vermilion ; the gum of an Indian tree, also called dragon’s blood. _ . CiNNABARiNE,a. Pertaining to cinnabar; consisting of cinnabar, or containing it. Cinnamic, eirC-nd-mik, 1 a. Composed of, or ob- Cinnamomic, j tained from cinnamon, as, the Cinnamic or Cinnaniomic acid. Cinnamon, sin'-nd-mun, s. A well-loiown aromatic bark, obtained from the Cinnamomum Zeylanicuin, a tree which abounds in Ceylon. Cinnamon-stone, sin'-nd-inun-stone, 8. A mineral found in Ceylon,of a cinnamon-red colour, allied to the gar¬ net, and otherwise called essonite. Cinque, sink, a. Five ; a live at cards or dice. CiNunBEoiL, sink'-foyl, s. A name common to plants of the genus Potentilla. but more especially given to the creeping potentilla, popularly called five-leaved grass. In arch., an oraamental foliation having five points or cusps, used in windows, panels, &c. CiNQUEPACE, sMih'-pase, s. A kind of grave dance. Cinque-ports, sink'-poarts, s.pl. Originally, five Eng¬ lish ports on the eastern coast, viz., Dover, Sand¬ wich, Hastings, Romney, and llythe,but to these AVin- cheisea, Rye, and Seaford, were afterwards added. CiNQUE-sPoTTED, Sink'-spot-ted, a. Having five spots. Cinter, sin'-ter, s. In arch., the framing erected be¬ tween pi'^^rs to support the materials of an arch dur¬ ing erection, till it is keyed. CioN, 8. See Scion. Cipher, si'-fer. s. The arithmetical character 0, or zero, which signifies nothing by itself, but when placed at the right hand of any common number, increases it tenfold, or on the left of a decimal, decreases it in like proportion, any arithmetical figure; a number; a character in general; an intertexture of letters, as the initials of a name ; a device ; an enigmatical cha- •acter, a secret or disguised manner of writing; cer¬ tain characters agreed on by two or more persons to stand for letters or words, and understood only by them. In ji{ 7 . lang., a thing of no consequence or im¬ portance ; a nonentity. - v.n To compute by figures; to practise arithmetic. - v.a. To write in occult characters; to designate. Ciphered, '>i' -ferd, pp. the verb to cipher. CiPHER-KE'Y , si'-fei -\e. 8 . A key for deciphering writings. CiPHEiuNo. si'-jei'-iug, s. The act or art of computing by numbers; arithmetic. Cipoi.iN. sip'-<' lin, s. A green marble containing white zones, like the section of an onion. Ctppus, sip' pns, s. In antig., a small monumental co¬ lumn, bearlnp an inscription or epitaph; a sign-post. CiRC, sfri, s. Set'CiHcrs. CiRCAR, ser'-kar s. In llindostan. a district or province. Circassian, ser-Artsft' an, a. Pertaining to Circassia. - 8. A native of Circassia ; a kind of woollen cloth. CiRCFAN, s»r-se'-an, a. Pertaining to Cii'ce, a fabled goddess of antiquity, celebrated for her knowledge of magic and venomous herbs, by which she was able to fascinate and work her incantations ; hence, magical, venomous. CiRCENSiAL, ser-sen'-shnl, \ a. Pertaining to the Circus, CiH-OENsiAN. ser-sen'-slian, 1 in ancient Rome. CiRciWAL, ser'-se-nal, CiRCiNATB, ser'-se-nate, j I a In hot., rolled tn spiiaily downwards, the tip occupying the centre : a term iii foliation or leafing, as in ferns. CiRciNATEjt sei’'-se-nate, v.a. To make a circle ; to com¬ pass. CiRciNATioN,$ ser-se-na'-shun, s. An orbicular motion. CiRciNus, ser-sin-us, s. In astr., the Compasses, a con- Btellatioo near the South Pole. Circle, ser'-kl, s. In a plane figure comprehended by a single curve line, called its circumference, Ps'cry part of which Is equally distant from a point within It, called the centre. In ordinary use, a cii'cular line ; the space included in a circuiur line; a round body an oro; a ring ; compass; circuit; enclosure; a serii. * ending where it begins, and perpetually repeated ; a going lound; an assembly surrounding the principal person; a class of people ; a community ; a company; a territorial division, especially in Germany; a pn • Vince ; circumlocution, In logic, an inconclusive form of argument, when the same terms are proved in orbem by the s.ame terms, and the parts of the syllo gism altemately by each othcr.directly and indirectly — v.a. To move round; to enclose; to encompass; lo surround.— To circle in, to confine; to keep together. - v.n. T’o move circularly. Circled, ser'-kld, pp. of the verb to circle. — a. Having the form of a circle; round. CiRCLERji ser-kler, s. A mean poet; a strolling poet Circlet, ser'-klet, 8. A little circle ; an orb. Circling, ser'-kling, ppr. of the verb to circle. — a. Circular; round. Circle,; ser'-kle, a. In the form of a circle. Circuit, ser'-kit, 8. The act of moving or passing round; the space enclosed in a circle, or within certain limits, any space or extent measured by travelling round; that which encircles; a ring; a diadem ; the periodical visitation of a judge or judges for holding assizes, the district or counties in whuli the same judge or judges administer Justice; a circum - locution. In law, a longer course of proceedings than is necessary to recover the thing sued for. — v.a. and v.n. To move in a circle; to go round. CiRcuiTEER, ser-kit-ecr', s. One who travels a circuit. CiRCuiTioNji- ser-keiv-ish'-un, s. The act of going rouno compass; circumlocution. Circuitous, ser-kew'-e-tus, a. Going or passing round , round about; indirect. Circuitously, ser-kew'-e-tu^-le, ad. In a circuitous manner. Circu ITT, scr-ketv'-e-te,%. An indirect or orbicular course. CiRCULABLE, sci'-kew-ld-bl, a. That may be circulated. Circular, 5 cr'-A;eM;-far, a. In theformofacircle ; round , circumscribed by a circle; belonging to, or perfonned in, a circle; successive in order; always returning; +vulgar, mean,circumforaneou8; ending in itself; ad dressed to a number of persons, as, a circular letter.— Circular lines, lines of sines, tangents, and secants, on the plane scale and sector.—Oircufar numbers, thos<‘ whose powers terminate in the same digits as the roots.— Circular soiling, is the method of sailing by the arc of a groat circle. — s. A letter, or printed notice, of which a copy is sent to many persons. Circularity, ser-k€W-lar'-e-te,s. Stateofbeingchcular. Circularly, ser'-kew-lar-le, ad. In a circular manner, in the form of a circle. CircularYjJ ser'-kew-lA-re,9.. Ending in itself; circular. Circulate, ser'-kew-late, v.n. To move in a circle; to pass from place to place, or from person to pei’son; to have currency ; to be dispersed.; to move round ami return to the same point, as the blood in the body; to flow in veins or channels. —■ v.a. To cause to pass from place to place, or from person to person ; to spread; to disseminate; to diffuse. CmcuLATiNo, ser'-kew-\a-ting, ppr. and a. _ Moving in -i circle ; passing from one to another ; passing currently —Circulating decimal, a decimal in which one or more figures are constantly repeated in the same order.— Circulating medium, X\\& currency of a country, whe¬ ther it be money, bank notes, or any other articles. Circulation, scr-Aete-fa'“s/iM?i,s. The act of circulating. the state of being circulated; motion in a circle; :» series in which the same order is preserved, and things return to the same state; dis^mination ; cun’ency o( money, or of any substitute used as money; extent of diffusion. In chem., an operation by which the same vapour, raised by fire, falls back to be returned and distilled several times.—CtrewhUion of the tioinL CISOTJLATIVE [ 170 ] CIEOUMSTAETIAL the naliiral inc»tioii of tlie blood in the Jiving animal, vrhereby it is alternately sent by the action of the heart through the arteries to all parts of the body, and retunied to the heart through the veins. CiRcuLATivE, ier'-kew-la-tiv, a. Circulating; causing cii’culation. CiRctTLATORioDSji: tcr-kew-l&-to’-re-US, a. Travelling in a circuit, or from house to house. Circulatory, ser'-kew-la-to-re, a. Circular; circulating. — 8. A chemical vessel, a condenser. CiRcuMAGiTATE, ser-kum-of-e-tate, v.a. To agitate on all sides. CiRCUMAMBiENCY, ser-kum-am'-be-a7i‘8e, B. The act of surrounding or encompassing. Circumambient, ser-kiwi-a^n’-be-ent, a. Surrounding. Circumambulate, ser-kwn-atn'-heiv-late, v.n. To Avalk round about. CiRCUMAMBULATioN, ser-kum-am-bew-la'-shxin, 6. The act of walking round. Circumbendibus, ser-li7iyn-he7i'-de-hus, s. Circumlocu¬ tion. {Vxdgar.) CiRCUMCELLiON, ser-ku7ii-seV-yu7i , s. In church history, one of a set of Donatists in the fourth centuiy. Circumcise, sei'’-hum-size, v.a. To cut olf the prepuce or foreskin, according to the Jewish and Mohamme¬ dan laws, i'ig-, to purify the heart. Circumcised, ser'-kum^sizd, pp. of the verb tocirewnexse. OiRCUMCiSER, ku,m-size-er,^. One who circumcises. Circumcision, ser-kum-sizh'-un, s. The act of cutting off the prepuce, or foreskin, a ceremony or rite among the Jews and MohammcdaiLS; spiritual purification. CiRCUMCLusioN, scr-kum-klu’-shuii , s. The act of enclos¬ ing on all sides. CiRCUMCuRSATioN,^: ser-kum-kur-sa'-shun, s. The act of running about. Circumduct, t v.a. To contravene; to nullify. CiRCUMDUCTiLE, scx'^-kum-duk-til , a. Capable of being led about. Circumduction s. A leading about; nullification; cancellation. CiRCUMERRATioN, ser-kwH-h'-ra'-skxm , s. The act or slate of wandering about. CiRCUMEER.t ser'-Awm-Zer, v.a. JTo bear or carry round. CiRCUMFERENCE,ser-Atau'-/er-cns, s. The line that bounds the space of a circle ; a pcriphciy; the line that en¬ compasses any figure or thing; compass; circle ; the space enclosed iiia circle; an orb ; anything circular. —I v.a. To enclose tlie exterior suiface of a round body in a circular space. Circumferential, ser-kum-fer-eti’-shal, a. Pertaining to the circumference; + circular. Circumferentor, ser-Aic//i-/urice ; refinement; tthe state of oeing civilized.— iu the plural, acts or expressions of politeness. C’lviLizABLE, siv-il-ize'-d-bL a. That may be civilized. Civilization, siy-i^-e-sa'-s/iwa, 8. The act of civilizing, or the state of being civilized; t the act of rendering a criminal process civil. Civilize, sio-iZ-tce, v.a. To reclaim from a savage or barbarous state; to instruct in the arts and rehne- ineuts of regular life; to enlighten; to improve. t’lviLizED, sity-il-izd, pp, of the verb to civilize. ihviLizER, siv'-il-ize-er, s. One who civilizes. L'ivilly, siv'-il-le, ad. Tn a manner relating to govern¬ ment, or to the rights or character of a member of the community ; not naturally, but in law; with civility ; politely; without rudeness, courteously, Jwithout gaudy colours or tinery. CivisM, siv'-izm, s. The privileges of a citizen , state of citizenship ; love of counti-y ; patriotism. CizAR,i siz'-ar, v.a. To clip with scissors. -X s. See Scissors. rizE,$ size, s. See Size. i LARBER, klab'-ber, s. Milk turned, become thick, or in¬ spissated, also called bonny-clabber. Clack, klak, v.n. To make a sudden sharp noise, as by striking or cracking; to clink; to click ; to talk much or noisily. —J To ^ack wool, to cut off the sheep’s mark, w'hich makes it weigh less, and yield less duty. — 8. A sharp, abiaipt sound, continually repeated ; the instrument that clacks; a continual talking; inces¬ sant tattle; the tongue^ in contempt. ' In a corn-mill, an instioimcnt that strikes the hopper and promotes th e running of the com; also^ a bell which gives notice n hen more com is required in the hopper. 'lack-dish, A/rtA'-f file verb to clothe. Claim, klame, v.a. To demand or exact as due; to ri- quire authoritatively , to assort or maintain as a right; to have a right or title to. to ask for, to re¬ quest; Jto call or name. — s. A demand of a right or supposed right, a right M claim or demand, a title to any debt, privilege, o* other thing in possession of another; the thln^ claimed, pretension, a strong appeal Claimable, klame'-d-bl, a. That may be claimed Claimant, klame'-ant, s. One who claims, or who has a right to claim ; a pretender. —-t” a. Claiming; demanding , crying out Claimed, klayrna, pp. of the verb to claim. Claimer, klame'-er, s. One who claims; a claimant. Claimless, klame'-les, a. Having no claim. CLAiR-OBScrRE, klare'-ob-skeicv', s. See Clare-obsccre. Clairvoyance, klare-vwoy-ongs', or klare-vwoi/-uns, s (Fi‘.) Clear-sightedness; a power attributed to persone in a mesmeric state, of discerning objects not present to the senses. Clairvoyant, klare-vtcoy-ong', or klare-vwoy’-ant, ». One to whom is attributed the power of clairvoyance. — a. Having the power of clairvoyance. Clam, klam, s. A bivalvular shell-fish, used for food. — v.a. To clog with glutinous or viscous matter. — v.n. tTo be moist; to stick; f to starve. In bdl- ringing, to unite sounds in the peal. Clamant, t kla'-mant, a. CJrying ; beseeching. Clamber, klam'-her, v.a. To climb with difficulty. Clamminess, klam'-me-nes,8. The state of being viscous, viscosity; stickiness; tenacity of a soft substance. Clammy,« law'-wc,a. Viscous; glutinous; adhesive. Clamorous, klam'-er-us, a. Vociferous; noisy; loud, turbulent; boisterous; importunate ; urgent. Clamorously, ad. In a clamorous manner. Clamorousness, klam'-er-us-nes, s. The state or quality of being clamorous. Clamour, klam'-er, s. A great outcry ; continued voci¬ feration noise ; uproar; importunate demand or coinplaiiit. — v.a. To stun or overpower with noise; J to stay from noise.— To clamour bells, to multiply the strokes. — v.n. To utter loud sounds, or outcries, to vociferate, to make importunate demands ; to complain. Clamourer, klam'-er-er, s. One who clamours. Clamp, klamp, s. A piece of timber or of iron, used to fasten work together; a particular manner of uniting work by letting boards into each other; an instrument with a screw at one end, used by joiners to hold pieces of wood together; a thick piank on the inner part of a ship’s side, used to sustain the ends of the beams; a smooth, crooked plate of iron, forelocked on the iruu nions of a cannon to keep it fast to the carriage; a pile of bricks laid up for burning; a heavy footstep or tread, particularly of many pei’sons. — Ctamp-irons, irons used at the ends of fires to keep the fuel from falling.— Clamp nails, nails used to fasten clamps, in the building of ships. — v.a. To fasten or strengthen with a clamp or clamps. In joinery, to tit a piece of board with the grain to tlie end of another piece of board across the grain. —+ v.n. To tread heavily. Clamped, klampi, pp. of the verb to clamp. CLAMPONiER,$Wcf»i-po-?i«t>/'',8. Alongjloose-joiritea horse. Clams, klamz, s.pl. A sort of strong pincere used by ship-carpenters for da-awing nails; a kind of vice, a clamp. Clam-shell, klam'-shel, 8. The shell of a clam. Clan, klan, s. A race; a family; a tribe. In Scotland. a tribe or collection of families united under a cliief' tain, usually having the same surname, and supposed to be descended from a common ancestor. In contempt, a sect, society, or body of persons closely united. CLANCuLARjt a. Clandestine; secret. Clancularly, klan'-kew~ler-le, ad. Privately; secretly. Clandestine, klan-des'-tin, a. Hidden; secret; private concealed; underhand; sly. Clandestinely, ad. Secretly; privately. CLANDE8TINENE88, klan-des'-tin-nes, s. Secrecy ; a state of concealment. Clande8tinity,$ 8. Privacy; secreev. Clang, AZrtni;, v.a. or v.n. To make a sharp, shrill sound, as by striking metallic substances; to strike with a sharp sound. — 8. A sharp, shrill sound, made bv striking together metallic substances, or other sonorous bodies. Clangorous, klnng'-ger^tis, a. Sounding sharp or harsh. CL^sao^n, klang’-gcr,s. A sharD.slirill, harsh sound. CLANGOUS [ 173 ] CLAUDIOATE ol \ vGors,fcl d, a. Funushod with tendrils. . t.- , Claspknifb, klasp'-nife, or kldsp -nt/e, s. A knife whicb shuts up, or folds into the handle. Claspnail, klasp'-nayl, or kldsp'-nayl, s. A nail with a head to sink into the wood. Class, Was or klds,%. An order or rank of persons or things; a number of persons in society, supposed to have some resemblance or equality, In rank, educa lion, property, talents, and the like; a number of students in a college or school, of the same standing in acquirements, or pursuing the same stumes; degree; quality; kind; denomination ; value ; divi¬ sion. In natural history, a group of individuals, having one or more characters in common, and com¬ prehending, according to the particiflar system oi different wTiters,the minor divisions of order, tamily, tribe, genus, species, and variety. _ v.a. To arrange in a class or classes, to arrange according to some method or system; to classify, to rank ; to esteem. ^ , Classeb, klast or kliist, pp. of the Tcrb to class CtASSiBLE, or kVd/-e-bl, a. That may be classed. Classic, ifos'-sii,. I a. Relating to ancient Greek CijfkSSiCKis,klas'~8ik-al,] and Latin authors of the f^l rank or estimation; pertaining to or resembling the pure and elegant literature of ancient Greece and Rome ; pertaining to writers of the first rank anion g the modems; being of the first order or rank m litera¬ ture ; pure ; elegant • refined i fersed in the classics; pertaining to a classis or class. Classic, klas'-sik. s. An author of the first rank ■ prim- aritv, a Greek or I.atin autlior, hut also applied lo modern authors ; a book widtten by an author of the first class ; one versed in the classics. , Classicalism, A classic style or idiqm.- Ci.KssiCA.Lvc'^fklas-sik-al'-e-te, Is. The quality of bemg Classicalness, klas'-sik-al-nes,) classical. Classically, klas'-sik-al-le, adv. In classes or scUj systematically; in a clas.sical manner. Classicism, t Wrts'-se-sjsm, s. A classic idiom or style Classific, kas-sif-ik, a. Vertaining to a class or classes noting classification ; or a distribution into classes. , Cl.^ssification, klas-se-fe-ka'-shun, s. ihe act of classi¬ fying; amingement; system. Classificatory, klas'-se-ge-kd-to-re, a. Belonging to classification. a. a / Classified, klas'-se-Jide, pp. of the verb to classify. Classify, klas'-se-Ji, v.a. To arrange in classes; to el^s. Classis, klas'-sis, s. Class; order; sort; a conventiou or assembly ; an ecclesiastical body. , Classman, klas'-man, or klds'-man, s. A term m the University of Oxford equivalent to that of \> rangier and Optime at Cambridge. _ ^ ^ Clathrate, a. Latticed; reticulated. Clatter, klat'-ter, v.n. To make rattling sounds; to make continual or repeated sharp sounds, by filing struck often together ; to jar ; to chatter, a» the teeth to rattle ; to talk fast and idly ; + to dispute,or wrangle — v.a. To strike any thing sc as to make it rattle. — 8 A repetition of abrupt sharp sounds, produced bj the frequent colUsion of two or more sonorous hodms a rattling noise; any tumultuous Pu}f Clatterer, klat'‘ter-er,s. One who clatters, a Clattering, ft/ai'-eer-mgr, 8. A Clatteringly, klaf-ter-mg-le, ad. A ith clattering. klau/-dent, a. "shutting ; 9 ««tractmg Claudicant, + klaw'-de-kant , a. Limping , halting. Claudicatk, klauf-de-kate, v.n. To halt or Uxap. CLAUDICATION [ 174 ] CLEAEING-HOUSE ^AtrDiCATioN,+A^rti" Claw LESS, klmo'-les, a. Destitute of claws CLAT, kla, s. A general name of earths which are finnlv loherent, weigluy compact, and hard when (frv bu^ stiff viscid, and ductile when moist, and smooth to the touch, not readily diffu.sible in water and when mixed, not readily subsiding in it. In poetro and !i .Scn/Iture,earth in general. Figurativdo,tcoX\XT, liable uess to decay and destruction. ’ ^ ~ ’^'P .PP'"®!' pp n’anure with clay; to purify and whiten with clay, as sugar. imuiy ana — a. Formed or consisting of clay. Clay-erained, I/a'-iu-rryorf, a. Stupid. Clay-cold, ftln'-IoflZd, a. Cold as clay; lifflcss Clayed, klayd, pp. of the verb to clay Claves. I/r “on a ^ vJP®.®® > unused ■ dexterous ; enttre. P®‘'f®®!C vyho.ly; entirely ; fully ; com jfietely ; vvithout miscarriage ; dexterously. — v.a. To free from dirt or fOtli; to purify ■ to cleanse Cleaned, kleend, pp, of the verb L clem ^ "■‘'■P'' cleans. Cleaning, kleen'-ing, s. The act of making clean oi cleansing; the after-birth of cows, ewes, sc ’ Cleanlily, klcn -le-le, ad. In a deadly manner. ^fnnf ®- Freedom from ;»irt, or any foul, extianeous matter ; neatness ; purity ’ Cleanly, klen-le, a. Free from dirt filth, or any foul ?n"ice"nwf?,"' h“V '’.“P’ +“'>eP®“t cleansing i 5 nice ; artful; adroit; clever. — ad. In a clean manner; without impurity , neatly Cleanness, kleen -nes, s. Freedom trom dirt filth (it di’sonsn* ’ bPifPopss; free from mfectlon, Of foul disease ; purity ; innocence. Cleanness of teeth (Amos IV. 6), denotes want of provisions. iivmus Cleansable, klenz'-a~bl, a. That may be cleansed pOTg?;’ t^heal''’®'' ‘’‘P“’ *P 'P Cleansed, klejizd, pp. of the verb to cleanse dTterl^At cleanses ; a Clean-shaped, kleen'-shaypt, a. AVell-proportioned. Cleansible, Al«w -e-bl, a. That may be cleansed. Ci.EANSiNo,Al'"'0’' IJi-ipht; to brighten ; to clarify, to fine, to cleanse; to remove; to separate from any foul matter; to purify; to free from olistructmns^ encumbrances, or embarrassments; to remove wood r,?:,’ tv.°™ cutting or burning ; to free from any thing noxious or injurious; to liberate or dis- AiLues or nuraicsmade wi stakes interwoven with osiers, to cover lodgments. Clavev , A/o -(1, a. Consisting of, abounding with i partaking of flay, like clay. Cla\ i.sh . kla'-ish. a. Partaking of the nature of clay ■ containing particles ol clay. y’ Ct»T-MARL,Ale'-OT„,.j,s A whitish, smooth, chalky clay I/LAVJIORE, kla' ioore. s .A large two-handed sword, formerly mueli used by the Scottish Highlanders ■ also written Qiaytnore. Clav-pit, kla'-pit, s. A pit whiwe olay is dug. Clay -slate, kla'-slate, s. Argillaceous schist; argillite Llav-stone, kla'-stone, s. An earthy stone resembling compact or calcareous ma: , tne thonstem of Werner kleen, a Free from dirt, or other foul matter- ttee from extraneous matter, or whatever is injurious or offensive; smooth ■ free from moral impui’ity; engage; to exonerate; to acquit’; to purae'from the imputation of guilt; to justify or vindicate; to free from obscurity, perplexity, or ambiguity; to gain or profit, beyond all expenses and charges; to pass with- out touching or coming In contact vvith; to ^leap over ^'ra"n(wforD^H the custom3iouse IS to pirform the required conditions at the custom P''®,®'”'® “ Pei’inission to sail.—y’o clear the land, m nau. long., to have open sea-room, without dangei of going on shore,— To clear a ship tor action to pare lo filhZ the de'ik.s, ^d '^le- - v.n. To become clear, fair, bright, or fine; to be dis- engaged from encumbrances, distress, or entanglp- Ci.EARAoE, klm-'-tpe, s. The removing of any thiire Clearance, kleer -ans, s. The art of clearing or roniov ing; r(>moval; a certificate that a ship or vessel has been cleared at the custom-house , pernikssion to Lu Cle.are-d, kleerd, pp. of the verb to cl< ar Clearer. 4/e«-'-«-,s. That which clears, brightens or purifies; an enlightener. ’ ®'^'.‘i®tLns, oi Clear HEADED, A/e,.,-' a. Acute, intelligent Clearing, A/cer' m;,, s. A defence , justification vin duration , a pla e or tract of land cleared of wood foi cultivation ; t eactof making clear; a method adopted by the bankersof the city of London forSpeditiouslv JeunnTSlS^e?;?iSs™ ^ CLEARING-Houp, k.eer'-mg-hoice, s. A place in the city effecfr“brci\y%“Scra OLEAELY [ 175 ] OLICKEE CiEAELT, kUer'-le, ad. In a clear maimer; brightly, mminoiLsly i plainly ; evidently; fully; distinctly; ex¬ plicitly ; inteliigibly; candidly; honestly. CLEAnsEss, klee/-nes, 8 . State of being clear; traris- parency ; brightness ; lustre ; purity ; openness ; dis¬ tinctness, perspicuity; sincerity; honesty. . , , CLBAa-sESiNQ, kleer'-se-ing, a. Having a clear sight or understanding. * Clear-shining, a. Sliming with Dright- ness or unobstructed splendour. ^ CLEAii'SiGHTED, kUer'-sUe-ed, a. Having acuteness of si^-ht; discerning; perspicacious; judicious. Clear-sightedness, kleer-site'-ed-nes, s. Discernment. Cl-f.arstarch, kleer-startsh, v.a. To stiifen with starch, and then clear by clapping between the hands. Clearst-archer, kleet^-startsh-er^ s. One w'ho clear¬ starches • Clearstarching, s. The act of stiffen¬ ing with starch, and clearing by clappmg between the Clear-story, kleer'-sto-re, s. An upper story, or row of windows, in a Gothic church, tower, or other erection, rising clear above the adjoining parts of the building. Cleat iieef, s. A piece of wood with two projecting ends', attached to some part of a ship, for fastening ropes upon; a narrow strip of wood, nailed on, m iomery; a thin metallic plate. CLEAVABLE,*(eCT'-A-W,a. That may cleave or be divided. Cleavage. kleev'-c(ie, s. The act of cloavmg or splitting. In min., the capability observed m crystals to undergo mechanical division in certain fixed cUrections; the fracture, or particular manner in ivliich any mmeral, having a regular structure, m.ay he cleared. CLEAVE.Weei), v.ii.; pret. ciaveorclMvef Toadhere; to stick ; to hold to ; to cling to ; to umte aptly , to fit, to adhere with strong attachment; to mute or be united closely in interest or affection. Cleave, kleev, v.a.; pret. clove or clejt; pp. cleft, cloven, or cleaved. The pret. clave is obsolescent. To part or divide by force; to rive; to part or open naturaUy. — v.n. To part asunder ; to separate, as parts of coher¬ in'. bodies; to open; to crack; to divide. CLEAVED.Wecrd.pp. of the verb focieaw. Cleavelandite, kleev'-land-ite, s. A variety of the 0 ^“™!8. One who cleaves; that which cleaves ; a butcher’s instrument for cutting or divid¬ ing animal bodies into joints or pieces. Cleavers, kleev'-erz, s. A plant, the Galium aparine, Goose-grass, or Catchweed. «.r „ Cleaving, kleev'-ing, s. Ihe forcible separation of a CL\'’ct’’E,“«ays In her., a kind of cross, charged with another cross of the same figure, but of the same co lour as the Held. The word is often used adjectively, cross clechee {klesh-af'). * Cledge, kl^i 8 . Among miners, the upper stratum of C^EDO^ stiff, tenacious, clayey: applied to soil. C^S,f kleez, Lpl. The twopartsof thefootofacloven- A character in music placed at the begin- nin'. of’a staff to determine the degree of elevation oceSpied by that staff in the system, and to point out the names of all the notes contained in the line of that clef. ^ , Ptt-tt. kleft, pp. of the verb to cleave. _ — s A space or opening made by flitting; a crack; a'crevice; a Assure; a piece made by splitting; a morbid crack on the bougk of the pastern of a horse. Cleei-footed, kleff-fdbt-ed, a. Having a cloven foot. cIZt o^l klejr-grdft. ''•a. To ingraft by cleaving the stock, and inserting a scion. Cleft QRAFTISG, kleff-grdft-ing, s. A mode of graft- ° in» in whieft the scion Is inserted in a cleft made m tlie’stojk It is sometimes called slit-graftmg. Cleg, kleg, s. The horse-Ay, or gad-Ay. Pt w + klcm v.n. To starve. CLEMlrfs, klem'-d-tis, or kle-nia'-tis, s. The Virgin’s- bower a genus of climbing plants, of many species, so called from their Je'vata, or tendrils. Clemency klem’-en-se,ii. Lenity ; mercy ; compassion ; iudulsrence; mildness, in respect to the elenicnts. Clement, klem'-ent, a. Lenient; merciful; kind; tender; compassionate , gentle, mild. Clementine, klon'-enl~in, a. Pertaining to St. Clement, or the constitutions of Pope Clement V. Clemently. ad. Mildly; mercifully. Clench, klentsh. See Clinch. Clepe,$ kleep, v.a. or v.n. To call or name. Clepsammia, klep-sam'-me-A, s. An instrument for mei- suring time by sand, like an hour-glass. Clepsydra , klep'-se-drd, or klep-si'-drdyS. An instrument used by the ancients to measure time, by the dropping of water through a hole from one vessel into another properly graduated; a chemical vessel. Clere-storv, kleer'-sto~re, s. See^ Clear-story. Clergical,^ kler'-jik-al, a. Clerical. Clergy, kltr'-Je, s.pl. The body,of men set apart by ordination for the service of religion according to the Christian Church; the body of ecclesiasUcs, and mor^ varti&iilarly the ministers of the established <^nurch, m distinction from the laity; tthe privilege or benefit of eXorsy .—Benefit of clergy, in English /aw, originally, the exemption of the persons of clerg:ymen from ermu- nal process before a secular judge, xn modern use. Dm expression is often used to signify the privilege of the CLER“ri5"5v‘!-«f'r Entitled to or admitting kdL'-fe-nlun, s. A man in holj^ orders; one of the clergy ; an ordained Christian minister. Cleric,+ W«/-rt, s. A clerk or clergyman. — a. Pertaining to a clergyman or to the meigy. Clerical, kler'-ik-al, a. I'ertaming to or bcAtting the clergy; orthodox ; trivial; of little consid'lataoii; un¬ important.—CTfn'coi errors, are errors made by a clere or by a transcriber; hence, in fig. lang., a cleiical error is a venial or pardonable error. CLERisT.t kler'-e-se, s. The literati, or well-educated. Clerk, Mark, or s. A ’ ta man that can rc;id; ta man of letteis, a scholar, a writer; one employed in a public or private olhcc under a superior^ to write or keep accounts, &c., a subaltem officer m the ordnance or commissai at de¬ partments; a storekeeper; a responses in the church-service, to direct the cod„i„- Clerk-a'le, Mark'-ale, s. The feast of the parish clerk. ClerklessJ; klark'-les, a. Ignorant; , Cr ERK.-LIKB, klark'-liK€, a. Like a clerk , learned. Clerkly, klnrk'-le, a. Scholarlike ; learnedly. — ad. In a learned manner. Clerkship, klark'-ship, s. Scholarship; ^ situation of a clerkT a state of bemg m lioly orders Ci.EROMANCV, klci-'-o-man-se, s. _An ancient mode oi divination by casting lots, particularly with dice. Cleronomv, We-roii'-o-nic.s. Heritage; patrimony. CLERSTORT,Wer'-sfo-rc,s. See Clear-story. CiFvp kleav i In the composition of names, at the be iii/ I ginning or end, denote a place situated CLivi, klive, I on or near a cliff, or on the side of a hib, rock, or precipice, as, Cleveland, CUfto’i, . Clever, Uev'-er, a. Dexterous; m nenious- knowing; intelligent; learned, witty, At. suitable,’proper; p well-shaped,handsome. In Amerira, good-natured; amiable. Cleverlt, klcv'-er-le, ad. Dexterously , skiltully. Ci EVERNESs, klec'-er-nes, s. Dexterity; skill; iiigcnuit.i , knowledge; art. In Awierico, good-natiire; ainiabilui. Clevis,S ie®^-is, 1 s. The draught-iron of a plough, cai t CLEW,’jWn,t'’A b *l%f thread; the thread that forms n hflll • the thread that is used to guide a peison «» lahy’rMhrhS, any thing that guidespr du-ects one in an intricate case; a slight ™*bTt“'ttion leaitog to a discovery or solution of sometlung hidden or not known! an intimation; a hint. In nan. lang., the lower corner of a square-sail, and the aftermost cm net of astav-saU ^Clew-garnets, in as/it;>, a sort of tackle, o!!pp/and pulley. Ltenei to th® ®lews of th^mam and fore sails, to truss them up to the yaru.—o/ew lines, a tackle similar to the clew-garnets, but applied to f ® ^dfr'eS-^l'nlrmnunsliip, to truss up to tlis yari, brmeans of clew-garnets, or clew-Unes, m order to turUng. Clewed, Wude.pp. of the verb Click, klik, v.n. To make a *harp noise^oi a succession of such sounds, as bj a gentle strin g _R * small sharp sound ; the latch ot .. xV’ or small piece of iron that falls into a notched or i CmrSirS'-er s. A horse that clicks with his feet; a knSer the smvant of a salesman, "'ho stands at the door tfin vite customers. Among shoemakers, a cutter- OLIOZET [ 170 ] OLINOMETET iut, or the person who apportions and delirers to the sereral workmen the various materials necessary for the manufacture of the shoes or boots to be made by Among printers, a maker-up, or one whose office IS to receive the matter in the galley from the compositors, and arrange it in due form' ready for printing. ^ Clicket, hlik'-et, s. The knocker of a door. Clicking, klik*~ing, s. A small sharp noise ; the act of making a succession of sharp sounds, as a clock, or a horse that overreaches. Client, s. Among the ancient jKomans, a citizen who put himself under the protection of a man of dis¬ tinction and influence, who was thence termed his patron. In modern use, one for whom the services and advocacy of a lawyer or counsellor are engaged; +a dependant. o » * » Cz.iEtiTAQE, kli'-ent-(ye, is. The whole body or L'li'evtela.qe, j number of one’s clients or customers; the dependants of a lord. Client\l,+ kle-ent'-al, a. Dependent. Clientbd, a. Supplied with clients. Clientei E, AZg'-ong-^gl,8. (Fr.) Clientage-o^^e’sclients or customers. Clientele, 4 : klV-en~teel, ) s. The state or condition of Clientship, ) a client. Cliff, klif, s. A steep bank ; a high and steep rock ; any precipice. In nmsic, see Clef. Cliffy. A/t/'-e, a. Having cliffs, broken; craggy. Clift, Ait/i, 8. A cleft; a cliff. Clifted,! kli/f-ed, a. Cleft or broken. Clifty, klift'~e, a. The same as cliffy. CuyiKCTEE,^ kli-niak’-ter .or kle-mak'-ter, is. A Climacteric, AZiw-rtA-, klt-o, s. In myth., the muse who presided over history. In zool., a family of marine mollusks. CuosftpHic, a. Literary. Cl.IP. 'dip, v.a. To cut off with shears or scissors ; to sepante by a sudden stroke; to diminish coin by paring the edges; to curtail; to cut short. $ To con¬ fine ; to limit; to embrace ; to hug. - v.n. In falconry, to move with rapidity. In America, to run with speed. — s. The act or product of sheep-shearing; tan em¬ brace, or a throwing the arms around. In America, a blow or stroke with the hand. CLirr^^’} PP* Clipper, khp'-per, s. One who clips or curtails; one who debases coin by cutting off the edges; a barber ; a sharp-built, very fast-saiUng vessel, especially one employed in trading to China. Clipping, klip’-ping, s. The act of cutting off, curtail¬ ing, or diminishing; a piece separated hf clipping. Clique, kleek, s. (Fr.) A party, or certain number of persons, united in design, usually of a sinister charac¬ ter ; a cabal; a faction ; a set; a gang ; a coterie. Cliquish, a. llelating toor resembling aclique. C/.isH-CLASH, klish'-klash, v.a. To sound like the clash¬ ing of swords. Cliver, A/i'-eer, Is. A plant, the Galium aparine: Clivers, kH'-ver», j also called Cleavers, Goose-grass, and Catchweed. Clivity, A/iv'-e-fe. s. Inclination; ascent or descent. Cloak, A;ZoaA:, s. A loose outer garment, worn both by men and women ; a cover; that which conceals ; a disguise or pretext; an excuse; a fair pretence. — v.a. Tocover with a cloak ; to conceal; to dissemble. CLOAKAOEj-r kloak'-oje, s. A covering; act of covering with a cloak. Cloak-bao, kloak'-bag, 9. A bag in which a traveller C!«Ties Ills clothes ; a portmanteau. Cloaked, kloakt, pp. of the verb to cloak. Cloakedly, kloak’-ed-le, ad. In a concealed manner. Cloch.ard,:J: klo'-shard, 3. A belfry. Clock, klok, s. A machine Yvhich measures time and its divisions, by means of a pendulum and wheels moved by weights or springs, but more especially the larger machines of this kind, so constructed as to tell the hours by the stroke of a hammer upon a bell. In entorn.. the trivial name of a species of scarabaius. or beetle. The clock of a stocking, is the figured work or embroidery about the ankle. The phrases. What's o'clock! and mat o'clock is itt are contractions of What hour of the clock is it! — V a and v.n. To call, as the hen: see Cluck. Ci-ockmakek, klok'-make-er, 8. One who makes clocks. CLocK-sETTER,l:*lol:'-se<-fef,s. One who regulates clocks. Clockwork, klok'-wurk, s. Movements by weights or springs, like those of a clock; well-adjusted work, with 'regular movement. Clod, klod, s. A lump of earth, of any kina ; a mass of earth cohering; turf; the ground; any tlung con¬ creted ; that which is earthy, h.ase, and vile ; ±a lump or mas 3 of metal; a gross, stupid fellow; a dolt. — v.n. To gather into concretions, or a thick mass; to concrete; to coagulate; to clot. — v.a. To pelt with clods. Cloddsness, klod'-dl-nes, s. The state of being cloddy. Cloddy, klod'-de, a. Consisting of clods; abounding with clods; earthy; gross. j . Clodhopper, klod'.hop-per, s. A clown ; a dolt; a lout. Clodpate, fclod'-pnls, 1 8 . A stupid fellow; a dolt; a Clodpoll, klod'-pole, j thickskull; a blockhead. Clodpated, klod'-pate-ed, a. Stupid; dull; doltish. Clofp, kloff, 8 . An allowance In weight, see Clough. Clog, klog, v.a. To load or fill with something that re¬ tards or hinders motion; to encumber; to impede ; to shackle; to obstruct; to burden; to embarrass. — v.n. To coalesce; to adhere; to form an accretion; to he encumbered or impeded with extraneous matter. — 8. Any thing that hinders motion, or renders it diffi¬ cult ; a load; a weight; encmnbrance; obstruction ; impediment; an over-shoe with a thick sole of lea- tber or wood, for wet weather; a wooden shoe, 0*-QaoED, klogd, pp. of the verb to clog. CLOOG1NE88, s. The state of being clogged. Clogging,+ 8. An obstruction. CLOGOY,«*W-^e, a. That clogs; adhesive ; thick ; gross Cloister, s. A place of religious retirement a monastery, a nunnery; a piaz/a, peristvle oi square surrounded by the buildings of a rejrul-H monastery, in which the monks meet for con\^rsa tion ; any arcade or colonnade round an open court — 7 a. To confine in a cloister , to immure Cloisteral, kloya'-ter-ai, a. Pertaining to a cloister confined to a cloister; solitary; recluse. Cloistered, A:/oj/5'-«crrf,pp. of the verb dotster — a. Solitary ; retired from the world; built with peri styles or piazzas; enclosed. Cloisterer, ktoys'-ter-er, s. One belonging to a cloister Cloistress,+ A/oys'-fr«s, s. A nun. Cloke, klokc, 8. and v.a. See Clo.vk, Clomb,$ klom, preit. and pp. of the verbio climb. Clono,^ klong, pret. and pp. of the verb to cling. Clonig, a. Shaking; convulsive ; irregular. Cloom,± kloom, v.a. To close with glutinous matter Close, kloze, v.a. To shut; to make fa.st, by pressing together, or by stopping an open place. to end, to finish, to terminate; to conclude; to complete; to join, to unite separate bodies, parts, or fractures to move or bring nearer together; to confine, tto en¬ close; to encompass; to overwhelm. — v.n. To unite; to coalesce ; to end ; to terminate — To close on, or upon, to come to a mutual agreement.— To close ^vith, to accede to; to consent or agree to ; to come to an agreement with ; to unite with.—2’o ciosi with, or to close m ivith, to join closely ; to grapple, as persons in a contest. — 8. Conclusion; termination ; final end ;tiineof closing; manner of shutting; pause, rest, cessation, intermis¬ sion: a grapple in wrestling Close, klose, s. An enclosure, or place fenced in; a small field surrounded by fences; the confines of a cathedral; a blind alley; an area before a house; a court-yard beside a farmhouse; an interest in the soil — a. Shut fast; tight; made fast, so as to have no opening; having parts firmly united; compact; solid; dense; having parts firmly adhering; viscous; tena cious; without ventilation; stagnant; confined; nar¬ row ; very near in place or time; very nearly equal, joined; in contact, or nearly so; crowded; hidden; private; secret; undiscovered; having the quality of secrecy; trusty; cautious; reserved; sly; intent; at¬ tentive ; intense; full to the point; home ; pressing; earnest; warm; secluded from communication; retired; solitary; penurious; not liberal. Applied to the wea¬ ther, warm and damp, cloudy or foggy, or warm anl relaxing, occasioning a sense of lassitude and depres¬ sion ; brief; concise ; strictly adhering to the original; compressed, as thoughts or words. In her., dra-wn, as a bird, in a coat of arms, with the wings close, and in a standing posture. — ad. Closely; nearly; densely; secretly; pressingly. Close-banded, klosef-hand-ed, a. Being in close order closely united. Close-bodied, klos^-bod-id, a. Fitting close to the body Closb-b Y ,klose'-bi, ad. Within a little distance; very near. Close communion, klose' korn-mewn'-e-un, s. The prac¬ tice in some sects of admitting to the Lord’s Supper only those who embrace their distinctive peculiarities. Close corporation, kor-po-r«'-shun,s. A body or corporation which fills its own vacancies without public election. Close-couched, klose'-kowtsht, a. Q,uite concealed. Closed, kloazd. pp. of the verb to close. Clos-e-tistso, klose’-Jist-ed, la. Penurious; sordid, Close-handed, / niggard; covetous. Close-handedness, AZose'-Aand-ecZ-nt^s, s. Penuriousness covetousness. Close-hauled, klose'-hatold, a. In seamanship, havinn the tacks or lower corners of the sails drawn close to the side to windward, and the sheets hauled close aft, in sailing near the wind. Closely, Mose'-le, ad. In a close manner; intently ; at¬ tentively; with near inspection; with near jiffeetion, attachment, or interest; intimately; secretly^ slily; strictly ; within close limits; without communication abroad ; with strict adherence to the original. Closeness, klose'-nes, s. The state of being close, cojo- g act, or united; solidity; firmness of textiu’e in cloth, c.; narrowness ; want of ventilation; reserve in in¬ tercourse ; secrecy; caution ; recluseness; solitude, privacy; covetousness; sly avarice; pcnuriousuosai CLOSE-PEITT [ 178 ] CLOWNISH intimacy, whether of fneudslnp or of interest, pres¬ sure ; urgency; strictness ; adherence to an original. Close-pent, kJose'-penty a. Shut close. Close-quarters, klose'-kwor-terz, s.pl. Strong barriers of Wood used in a ship for defence when the ship is boarded; hencey to come to close qxiarters, is to come into direct contact with an enemy. Closer, kloze'-er, s. A finisher; a concluder; a stone or brick terminating the horizontal cou»se of a wall. Close-stool, Alose'-siooZ, s. A chamber utensil for the convenience of the sick and infirm. Closet, kloz'-et^ s. A small room or apartment for pri¬ vacy or retirement; an apanment for curiosities or valuable things; a small recess in the side of a room for repositing utensils and furniture ; a cupboard. — v.a. To shut up in a closet; to conceal; to take into a private apartment for consultation or deliberation. Closet-sin, kloz-ef-sin, s. Sin committed secretly. CLosE-TONauED, klose'-tungd, a. Keeping silence; cau¬ tious in speaking. Olosh, kiosk, s. A disease in the feet of cattle, also called the founder i a kind of game, ninepins. Closing, kloze'~ing, a. That ends or concludes. — s. End ; period ; eonclusion. Closure, klo-zhur, s. The act of shutting; that which closes or shuts; that by which separate parts are fas¬ tened ; Jenclosure; conclusion; end. Clot, klot, s. Any thing clotted ; a concretion; a lump ; coagulation ; grume ; a clod, or dull heavy fellow. — v.n. To form into clots; to concrete; to coagulate, as soft or fluid matter into a thick, inspissated mass ; to become gross ; to clod; to adhere. CLOT-BiRD,A:^oC-6crd,8. ThQcetianthe,QX English ortolan. Clot-bur, klot'-bur, s. A plant, the Burdock. Cloth, klawth, or kloth, s. (The plural is regular, cloths; but when it signifies garments, it is written clothes.) Anj^ kind of manufacture or stuff formed by weaving or mtertexture, whether made of wool, hemp, flax, silk, or cotton, and used for garments or other cover¬ ing ; a fabric of wool in contradistinction to that made of other material; the covering spread upon a table, usually called a table-cloth-, $ dress, raiment, see Clothes. — The cloth, a familiar designation for the clerical profession or clergy. Clothe, XiZoath, v.a., pret. and pp. clothed, or clad. To invest or cover w'ith garments; to di’ess; to attire ; to deck ; to furnish or provide with clothes. In Jig. lung., to spread over; to surround; to invest; to endue. — t v.n. To wear clothes. Clothed, kloathd, pp. of the verb to clothe Clothes, kloaXtiz, or kloze, s.; pi. of cloth. Garments , clothing ; dress; raiment; apparel; attire ; garb ; the coverings of abed; bed-clothes. Clothes-line, kloathz'-line, s. A line for drying clothes. Clothes-man, kloai)iz’-many 8 . A dealer in ready-made clothes. Clothier, kloatW-yer, s. A seller of cloth, or clothes; an outfitter ; a maker of cloth. In America, one whose occupation is to full and dress cloth. Clothing, kloath'-ing, s. Ganuents in general; clothes; dress; raiment; vesture; covering. Cloth-8b#?arer, klatcth'-sheer-er, s. One who shears cloth, and frees it from .superfluous nap. Cloth-WORKER, s. A maker of cloth. Cloth-working, klawth'-wurk-ing, s. The manufacture of cloth. Clotpoll, klot'-pole, s. A blockhead : see Clodpoll. Clotted, klot'-ted, pp. or a. Concreted into a mass; ad¬ hering in a lump; coagulated.— Clotted crea7n, cream obtained by wanning new nulk. Clotter^: v.a. To clot; to coagulate. Clotting,8 . Aclotted substance ; coagulation. Clottt, kloif-te, a. Full of clots. Cloud, klowd, s. A collection of visible vapour, or watery particles, suspended in the atmosphere at some altitude; a collection of smoke, or a dense col¬ lection of dust, rising or floating in the air; a dark or varied colour in a vein or spot on a stone or other body; a great multitude; a vast collection ; Jigura- tively, a state of obscurity, adversitv, or dangcr. — v.a. To overspread with a cloud or clouds; to darken ; to obscure; to variegate with dark-coloured spots or veins ; to make gloomy or sullen ; to sadden; to sully; to tarnish ; to defame. — v.n. To grow cloudy; to become obscure with clouds. Cloudaqe4 klowd'-aje, 8 . Cloudiness. Cloud-ascending, klowd'-as-send'-i7ig, a. Ascending to the clouds. Cloudberry, klowcT-bir-re, 8. A plant, the Rubus cha mcemortis: it is also called knotbe'-ry and tnowita%'i bramble. Cloud-born, kloiod'-born, a. Bom of a cloud. Qlot: ji-aLVx,klowd'-kapt, 0 .. Topped with clouds; touih-' ing the clouds; lofty. Cloud-compeller, klowd'-kom-pel’-ler, s. In myth, and poetry, he that collects clouds; Jove. Cloud-compelling, klowd'-kom-pel’.-ling, a. Coyecting clouds, or driving clouds; an epitltet applied to Jupiter. Cloud-dispelling, a. Having power to disperse clouds. Cloud-eclipsed, klowd'-e-klipst, a. Eclipsed by a Cloud Clouded tiger, klowd'-ed ti'-ger, s. A species of tiger, the Felis nebula, a native of Sumatra, where it is called Kimau-Dahan. Cloudily, klowd'-e-le, ad. "With clouds; darkly; ob¬ scurely; gloomily; not perspicuously. Cloudiness, kiowd^-e-nes, s. The state of being cloudy obscurity; darkness ; want of brightness ; variegation of colours in a fossil or other body ; gloom ; sullennese. Cloud-kissing, kloivd'-kissing, a. "Touching the clouds. Cloudless, klowd'-les, a. Being without a cloud; un clouded; clear; bright; luminous. Cloudlessly, klowd'-les-le, ad. Without clouds, j CxouDLiiT, klowd'-letfS. A little cloud. Clocd-piercing, klowd'-peers-ing, a. Penetrating oi rising above the clouds. Cloud-topt, klowd'-topt, a. Having the top covered with clouds. Cloudy, klowd’-e, a. Overcast or obscured with clouds consisting of a cloud or clouds; obscure; dark; not easily understood; not open or cheerful; gloomy; sullen ; marked with, veins or spots of dark or various hues, as marble, &c.; wanting lustre ; not bright. Clough, kluf, s. A cleft in a hill; a cliff. Clough, klof, s. In co7n., an allowance of two pounds in every hundred-weight, for the turn of the scale, after the usual tare and tret have been deducted, so that the commodity may yield the same weight in re¬ tailing. The word is now commonly written clof. Clout, s. A piece of cloth or leather, &c.,used to mend or close a breach ; a patch ; a piece of cloth for any mean use ; J a piece of white cloth for archers to shoot at; an iron plate on an axle-tree, to keep it from wearing ; a .small nail. In vulgar lang., a rude blow with the hand. — v.a. To mend by sewing on a piece; to patch; to cover with a cloth; to join clumsily ; to cover or arm with an iron plate ; to make fast with nails ; to beat, to strike rudely with the hand. Clouted, kloxct'-ed', pp. or a. Patched ; mended clumsily covered with a clout: also incorrectly used for clotted C’LOVT’E.xt.i.-x klowt-er-le,Q., Clumsy; awkward. Clovate, klo'-vate, a. In conchology, thicker towards the top, and attenuated towards the base. Clove, klove, pret. of the verb to cleave. — 8. A very pungent, aromatic spice, the dried un¬ expanded flower-bud of the Caryophijllus ai'omaticxis, or clove-tree, a shrub of the Molucca Islands; the parts into which garlic separates when the outer skin is removed; a certain weight; a clove of wool = 7 lbs.; a clove of cheese or butter — 8 tbs. InAmex-ica, a cleft; a fissure; a gap; a ravine. Clove-gillyflower, Move-jil'-le-Jlow-er, s. The beauti ful flower of the Dianthus caryophyllus, which smells like cloves: it is also called Carnation and Clove-pink. Cloven, klo'-vn, pp. of the verb to cleave. Cloven-foot, kl\ NAGE,:t klou'u'-ajf, s. The manners of a clown. Clownery ,t klown'-er-e, s. Rustic behaviour ; churlish¬ ness ; rudeness of manners ; ill-breeding. Clownish, klown'-ish, a. Pe/taining to, resembling, oi CLOWNISHLY [ 179 ] COACH-BOX consisting of clowns: rustic, rude » coarse, clumsy: awkward; uncivil; ill-bred. Clownishly, ad. Rudely; awkwardly. CiowNisHNEss, klown’-ish-nes, s. Rusticity ; coa'/deness or rudeness of manners ; awkwardness; incivility. Clown’s all-heal, klownz owV'hesl, s. A perennial plant, the Stachys palustris, or Marsh hedge-nettle. Clowh’s-mdstard, klownz-mus'-tard, s. A plant. Cloy, kloy, v.a. To satiate ; to satisfy, as the appetite; to glut; to surfeit; to fill to loathing; tto cmw as with talons; to wound with a nail; $to fill; to spike a gun i to prick a horse in shoeing. Cloyed, kloyd, pp. of the verb to cloy. Clotless, klo^-les, a. That cannot cloy or satiate. CLOYMENT,t 8. Satiety; glut; surfeit. Club, khib, s. A stick or piece of wood, with one end thicker and heavier than the other; a thick heavy stick; one of the four suits of cards, so named from the emblem which it beans among the Spaniards, though with us its emblem is the trefoil; a share or proportion paid by a certain number of individuals to form a common stock, or the fund thus raised; a cer¬ tain number of persons associated for the promotion of some common purpose, as of hilarity, literature, science, politics^ &c., and who are usually governed by certain self-imposed regulations or by-laws; the collective body of members composing a club, or who support a club-house; joint charge or effort. — v.n. To join, as a number of individuals, for the pro¬ motion of some common purpose; to pay an equal pro¬ portion of a common reckoning or charge. — v.a. To unite for the accomplishment of a common end; to put,together the various items of expenses and fonn a common reckoning of the whole, so that each contributor may pay an equal share; to beat with a club. I'o club the musket, is to raise or turn the butt-end uppermost, or to Yyield it so as to beat with the butt-end. Cr oBBED, klubd, pp. of the verb to chib. — a. Heavy or shaped like a club. Clobber, + klub'-ber, 1 s. One who belongs to a club, Clubbist, / association, or party. ClcbbisHjJ klub'-bish, a. Rustic. Club-fist, kluh'-Jist, s. A large, heavy fist. (^Jlub-fisted, klub'-Jist-ed, a. Having a large fist. Club-foot, klub'-fdbt, s. A short, deformed foot. Club-footed, kluh'-fifot-ed, a. Having short, crooked, or distorted feet. Club-grass, klub'-gr'ds, s. The popular name of the grass Coryjiephoras canescens. Cllb-haul, klub'-hau'l, v.a. In nau. lang., to cUib-haul a ship, is a method of tacking in perilous situations, by letting go the iec-anclior as soon as the wind is out of tlie sails, which brings her head to tlie wind, and as soon as she pays off, the cable is cut and the sails are trimmed. Club-headed, klub'-hed-ed, a. Having a thick head. Club-house, klub'-hows, s. A house occupied by a club, or in which a club holds its meetings; an establish¬ ment maintained by a select number of individuals, called loosely a dub, to wliich additions, usually, can be made only by ballot. Each member contrihutes a cer¬ tain sum on join in^g, and pays also an annual subscrip¬ tion in advance lor the support of the house, which generally combines the conveniences of the best hotels with the comforts and luxuiies of the houses of the most wealthy, the only exception being that it does not provide sleeping apartments. The meals and other refreshments are supplied at the lowest possible cost. Club-law, kluh'-law, s. Government by violence; the use of anns, or force, in place of law; anarchy; a regulating any club, association, or party. Clcb-man, klub'-mon, s. One who carries a club; a cluhhist Cl.I H Mos.s. klub'-rnos, s. A prostrate, moss-like crypto- gainic plant, the Lycopodium clovatum, also popularly called iSnake moss and IVolf's-claw. The spores or minute yellow seeds of this plant are highly inflam- ^ rnyhle. and are burnt in theatres to imitate lightning. Cu b room, klub' room, $ Tfie apartment in which a club meets CLUB-arsH. klub' rush, 8. A genus of plants, the Scirpus. CLeB-8HAPED.A:/ttft' shnypl, 2 i. Shaped like a club; grow¬ ing thicker toward the top, clavated. Cluck, kiuk. v.a To make the noise of the domestic hen when calling chickens, or just after laying an egg. ▼.a. To call chickens as a hen Clucked, hlnkt, pp. of the verb to cluck Cluckino, Huk’-ing, 8. The noise of a hen when call8 her chickens, or after laj-ing an eeir Clce, klu. See Clew. Clcmp, klwnp, s. A thick, short piece of wood, or other solid substance ; a shapeless mass; a cluster of tree or shrubs; the compressed clay of coal strata — a. Lazy; unhandy ; awkward. {Local. \ CLUMPEa, ««mp'-er,v.a. To form into clumps or masses Clumpl, klump'-e, a. Comsistine: of clumps; massive. shapeless. ’ Clumps, kluynps, s. A stupid fellow, a numskull Clumsily, klwn -ze-le, ad. In a clumsy manner Clumsiness,8 . Awkwardness;ungainiinesa Clumsy, A/um'-se, a. Short and thick , heavy , awkward ■ unhandy , ungainly; Ul-mhde , badly constructed. ' Clunch, kluntsh, s. Among nii7iers, indurated clay or chalk marl, found in coal pits next to the coal Clung, klung, pret. and pp. of the verb to elmg —X v.n. To shrink , to waste. — a. 'Wasted with leanness; shrunk with cold. (Local.) Cluniac^ klu'-ne-ak, s. One of a reformed order of Eenedictme monks, so caUed from CZwm, in Burgundy Clupea, klu'-pe-d, s. A genus of fl-shes, including the herrmg, sprat, white-bait, and pilchard. Cluster, klus'-ter, s. A bunch; a number of things of the s^e kUd growing or joined together; a knot; a number of individuals or things collected or gatlicred into a close body; a crowd ; a number of things situ¬ ated near each other. — v.n. To grow in clusters; to gather or unite in a bunch or bunches; to collect together in masses. — v.a. To collect into a bunch, or close body. Cluster-grape, klus'-ter-grape, s. A small black grape commonly called currants. Clustered, klus'-terd, pp. of the verb to cluster. Clusteringly, kins'-ter-ing-le, ad. In clusters. Clustery, a. Growing in, or fullof clustei* 3 . Clutch, klutsh, v.a. To double in the fingers.and com¬ press them together; to gripe; to grasp; to seize. — 8. A griping or pinching with the fingers; gripe, grasp; claw; hand; seizure; reach, power; a pro¬ jecting tooth, or other piece of machinery, for con¬ necting shafts with each other, or with wheels, so that they may be disengaged at pleasure. Clutched, klutsht, pp. of the verb to clutch. Clutches, klutsh'-ez, s.; pi. of dutch. The paws or talon* of a rapacious aniiuaf; the hands, in the sense of in¬ struments of rapacity or cruelty, or of power. Cluthalite, klu'-thal-ite, s. A congeries of imperfect crystals, forming nodules in amygdaloid. Clutter, kiut'-ter, s. A confused assemblage; disorder a confused noise; a bustle ; a fuss; Clatter. ’ — v.a. To crowd together in disorder; to fill or en¬ cumber with things in confusion. — v.n. To make a noise or bustle. Cluttered, pp. of the verb to clutter. Cltpeaster, klip-e-ad-ter, s. A genus of Sea-urchins. CLYPEATE,A^^p'-tf-a^tf.a. Shaped like a buckler ; scutate. Cltpeus Sobieski, klip'-e-us so-be-ed-ke, s. The shield of Sobieski, a northern constellation, below Aquila. Clysmic, Ai/iz'-miA, a. Washing; cleansing. Clyster, klid-ter, s. An injection ; a liquid substance injected into the lower intestines, usually, to promote alvine discharges, but sometimes to nourish and sup¬ port a patient w’ho cannot swallow aliment.—Cfuitcr- pipe, a tube or pipe used for injections. Cly.ster-wise, kits -ter-wize, ad. In the manner of a clyster. Cly'*sterize, klid-ter-ize, v.a. To apply a clyster. Co, ko, a prefix of Latin origin, signifying with, in con¬ junction, together: see Con. In commerce, abbrevi¬ ation of company. C0ACERVATE,i- ko-d-scr'-vate, v.a. To heap up; to pile. —+ a. Heaped , accumulated ; collected into a crowd. CoACERVATioN,-t- ko-tts-er-va'-shun, s. The act of heap- ^ ing, or state of being heaped together. Coach, koatsh, s. A close four-wheeled vehicle for com¬ modious travelling, usually suspended on springs, and drawn by horses or other animals. It differs from a chariot in having two seats of equal size, opposite to each other, and being altogether larger. — v.n. To ride in a coach, — v.a. To carry in a coach. Coach, koatsh, ( s. An apartment in a large ship of war Couch, kowtsh,) near the stern, the roof of which is formed by the poop. Coach-box, koatsh’'box, s. The seat on which the driver of a coach sits COACHED [ 180 ] COAST CoACHSD, koatsht, np. of the verb to coach. CoACH-HiRB, koaUn-hirct s. Money paid for the use of a coach. CoAi'H-HORSE, koatah'-horSy s. A horse used or fit for drawing a coach. CoACH-HocsE, koatah'-howa, s. A house in which to keep a coach when not in use. Coach-maker, koatsh'-make-er, s. One whose occupa¬ tion is to make coaches; one who trades in coaches. Coachman, koatsh'-rnan, s. The driver of a coach. Coachmanship, koatsh'-maH-ship, s. Skill in driving a coach. Coact, $ ko-akt' v.n. To act together, or in concert. CoACTED,$ ko-akf-edypp. ora. Acted in concert; forced, compelled. Coaction,A: o-a/:'-s/i«n,s. i\Jrce;compulsion; obligation; joint action ; united force. Coactive, ko-akt'-iv, a. Forcing; compulsory; having the power to impel or restrain ; acting in concurrence. Coactivelt, ko-akV-iv-Uy ad. In a coactive manner. CoAi>jrMENT,+ ko-nd'~ju-me»ityOT ko-ad-ji^-menty s. Mu¬ tual assistance. Coadjutant, ko-ad'-ju-tanty or ko-ad-jxC-tani, s. An assistant; an associate. — a. Helping ; mutually assisting or operating. Coadjutor, ko-ad-ju'-ter, s. An assistant; a fellow- helper; an associate; a colleague. In the canon law, one appointed to perform the duties of another. CoADJUTORSHip, ko-ad~ju'-ter-shij), s. State of a co¬ adjutor; joint assistance. CoADJUTRix, ko-ad-ju'-tfix, s. A female assistant. CoADJtrvANCT,i' ko-ad-ju'-van-se, or ko-ad'~jxt-van-$e, 8. Joint help; assistance; aid; co-operation. Coknjxjy kn't, ko-ad-ju'-vant, s. In an ingredient in a prescription designed to aid the effect of some other. CoADUNATE, ko-ud'-yu-fiate, a. In botany, coadxmate leaves are several united at the base. CoADUNiTiONjt ko-ad-yxi-nish'-un, s. The union of dif¬ ferent substances in one mass. Coadventurer, A:o-ad-t'en'-it-a'-shxin, s. Collection into a mass ; union ; conjunction. CoAGUi.ABiLiTT, KO-ag-yxi-ld-biV-e-te, s. The quality of coagulating ; the capability of being coagulated. CoAGTJLABLE, ko-ag'-yu-ld-bl, a. That may be coagu¬ lated ; capable of coagulating. Coagulant, ko-ag'-yu-lant, s. That which coagulates, or produces coagulation. Coagulate, ko-ng’-yxi-late, v.a. To cause to concrete; to curdle; to change from a fluid to an inspissated state. — v.n. To concrete; to curdle; to clot; to thicken. Coagulation, ko-ag-yu-la'-shun, s. The act of coagu¬ lating; the state of being coagulated; that which is coagulated; concretion; congelation. CoAGULATivE, ko-ag"-xju-ld-tiv, a. That has the power of producing coagulation. Coagulator, ko-ag-yu-la-tery s. That which causes coagulation. CoAouLATORT,A:o-rt^«yM-f(i-fo-t*e,a.Tendingto coagulate. CoAGULUM, s. A coagulated mass; cui'ds; a clot of blood, separated by cold, acid, &c.; a sub¬ stance that causes coagulation, as rennet. Co-aid, A;o'-ad«, s. An assistant; a fellow-helper. CoAiTi. ko-a'-te, s.' In zool., see Coati. CoAK, Koak, s. See Coke. CoAK, koaky 8. Among carpenters and ahiptcrights, a small cylinder of hard wood, let into the ends of the pieces to be joined, to render the joining more secure; the metal hole in a sheave, through which the pin iTins; an oblong \*idge left on the surface of a main¬ mast, ^ cutting away the wood round it. ■— v.a. To render more secure by means of coaks. Coal, koal, s. A piece of wood, or other combustible substance, ignited, burning, or charred; a solid, opaque substance, of vegetable origin, found in the earth, in strata of various thicknesses, and which, being highly inflammable, is extensively used for fuel. Among cAmisf*. any substance containing oil, which has been exposed to a fire in a close vessel, SO that its volatile matter is expelled, and it can sus¬ tain a red heat without further decomposition. — v.a. To burn to coal or charcoal; to char; to mark or delineate with charcoal.—Fo call over the coala, is to call to account; to censure. Coal-black , koal'-blak, a. Black as cool; very black CoAL-Box, koaV-box, s. A box to carry coal to the fij*e CoAL-ETED, koaV-ide, a. Having eyes as black as a coal. CoAL-riBLD, koal'-feeld, s. A bed of fossil coal; land con* taining coal-strata. Coal-fish, koal'-Jiah, s. A species of Cod, the Oadua earbonarixis, thus named from the colour of its back. Coal-fitter, koaV-jit-ter, s. A factor who conducts the sales between the owner of a coal-pit and the coal merchant. Coal formation, koal form-a'-shun, s. In oeology, a formation oi group of strata in which coal is found. Coal-heaver, AoaZ'-Aeeo er, s. One employed in carrying or loading coals. Coal-hod, t koal'-hod, s. A scuttle to hold coals. Coal-house, koal'-hows, s. A place for keeping coals. Coal-man, koal'-mau, s. A coal-merchant. Coal-measure, koal'-mezh-xir, s. The measure by which coal is bought and sold. Coal-measures, koaV-mezh-xirz, s.pl. Strata of coal, with their attendant rocks. Coal-meter, koal'-me-ter, s. One appointed to super¬ intend the measuring of coals. Coal-mine, koal'-mine, s. A mine or pit containing coal. Coal-miner, A;oa/'-tnt7ie-e?’,s. One who works in a coal¬ mine. Coal-mouse, koal'-mowa, s. A small species of tit-mouse, with a black head. Coal-pit, koal'-pit, s. A pit where coal is dug. In America, a place where charcoal is made. Coal-plant, koal’-plant, s. A name given to the im¬ pressions of various plants found on fossil coal. Coal-scuttle, koal'-skut-tl, s. A vessel or box in which to put a small quantity of coals for present use. Coal-ship, koal'-ship, s. A ship employed in transport¬ ing coal; a collier. Coal-stone, koal'-atone, s. A kind of cannel-coal. Coalert, t koal'-er-e, s. A coal-mine, a coal-pit. Coalesce, ko-h-lea' To grow together; to unite and adhere in one body or mass, by spontaneous approximation or attraction; to join; to unite. Coalesced, ko-a-leat', pp. of the verb to coalesce. Coalescence, ko-d-lea-sena, s. The act of growing to¬ gether ; the act of uniting by natural affinity or attrac¬ tion ; the state of being united; union ; concretion CoALEScENT,A:o-d-?cs'-5e«i,a. Growing together; united. CoIlLieA, I 8' See Collier. Coalite, $ Ko'-d-lite. v.n To unite or coalesce. Coalition , ko-d-lish'-un , s. Union in one body or mass, conjunction - union of individual persons, parties, or states, league. Coalitionist, ko-d-lish' -un-ist, 1 s. One who joins or pro- CoALiTioNER, ko-(i-lish’-xin-er, j motes a coalition. Co-ally , ko-al-li', s. A joint ally. Coal-work, koaV-wux'k, s. A colliery ; a coal-pit, or place where coal is dug, including the engines and machinery for working the mine, and raising the coal. Coaly, koaV-e, a. Like coal ; containing coal. Coamings, koam'-ingz, s.pl. In ships, the raised borders or edges of the hatches. Coannex, A:o-a7i-Near', v.a. To annex wilhsomethingelse. Coaptation, ko-ap-ta'-shxm, s. The adaptation or ad¬ justment of parts to each other. CoARCTjt )Y.a. To press together; to CoARCTATEji- ko-arkt'-ate, / crowd; to straiten; to coa fine; to restrain. CoARCTATE,t ko-ax'kt-atc, a. Pressed together. Coarctation ,'^ko-ark-ta'-shun,B. Pressure; contraction confinement; restraint. Coarse, koara,B.. Thick; large or gross in size; not tine; made of coarse thread or yarn; made of inferior ma¬ terial; unrefined; gross; rough; rude; uncivil; in¬ elegant ; unpolished; mean; not nice; indelicate; vile Coarsely, A:oar«'-Ztf, ad. In a coarse manner; roughly; without art or polish ; grossly; rudely; meanly. CoARSEN,t koars^-n, v.a. To make coarse. Coarseness, ^coars'-ncs, 8. Largeness of size , thickness roughness; the quality of being made of coarse thrend or yam, or of inferior material; the state of being mixed with gross particles or impurities ; grossDcss want of refinement or delicacy ; rudeness; meanness want of art in preparation. Coarticulation , %o-ar-tik-yu-la'-ahun, s. The structui^ of the bones in forming a joint. Coassessor, ko-as-ses'-ser, s. A joint assessor. Coassume, ko-as-sexvm', v.a. To assume with another. Coast, koast, s. The edge or margin of the land next to COASTER [ 181 ] COOK XSi8 sea; the sea-Bhore; the country near the sea-shore; +the edge or verge; Ja side In Scripture^ the ex¬ terior line, limit, or border of a country. The coast u clear, the danger is over; the enemies have d^arted; freedom from'impediment, obstruction, or difficulty. - v.n. To sail by or near the shore, or in sight of land; to sail from port to port in the same country. — v.a. To saw by or near to; to keep close to. t^o draw near; to approach; to follow. Coaster, koitsf-er, s. One who sails near the shore ; a small vessel employed in trading from port to port in the same country. foASTiNo, 8. The act of saiUng along or near ’ a shore ; the sport of sliding upon a sledge, &c.,down a hill-side, or other inclined plane, covered with snow . Coasting-trade, koast'-ing-trade, 8. The trade earned on between the ports of the same country. Coasting-vessel, «oasi'-»n^-tJ€s-«W,s. A vessel employed in the coasting-trade; a coaster. CuAST-wisE, ad. Along the coast. Coat, koai, 8. An upper garment; an outside garment; a petticoat; a gannent worn by infants or young children; the habit or vestui^e of an order of men, incUcating the order or office ; external covering; the hair or fur of a beast; a tunic of the eye; any mem¬ brane that serves as a cover; a tegument; the division or layer of a bulbous root; a cover; a layer of any substance covering another; that on which ensigns armorial are portrayed, usually called a coat of arms; ta coat-card, or court-card. —A coat^ of ma%l, a piece of armour, in form of a shirt, consisting of a net-work of iron rings. , ^ , v.a. To cover; to invest; to clothe; to spread over with a layer of any substance. Coat-armour, koat'-ar-mur, s. A coat of arm.s ; armo¬ rial ensigns. ,, . , Coat-card, ±Aoa«'-A:ard,8. A card bearing a coaied figure, now usuahy called a court-card. Coatee, koat-e", 8. A coat with short flaps. ^ CoATi ko-a'-te,&. An animal of South America, resem¬ bling the racoon, but with a longer body and neck, shorter fur, and smaller ey es. It is alii ed to the monke y s. Coating, Jtoaf'-in?,8. AGOvering,or the act of covering; lorication; any substance spread over for cover or defence; cloth or other material for coats. , , . , Coax hoax, v.a. To persuade by fondling and kind words; to wheedle; to flatter; to soothe; to :'n by kind treatment; to bring about by managemeuu i 8 A dupe CoAXATioN ,t koax-a'-shun, 8. The art or act of coaxing. Coaxed, koaxt, pp. of the verb to coax. CoAXER, fcoax'-cr, 8. Awheedler; a flatterer. Coaxing, koax'-ing, 8. 'Wheedling ; soft or l^d words to sootiie or persuade ; leading on by kind treatment. CoAxiNGLT, A;oax'-*n(?-le, ad. In a coaxmg manner. Cob, koby s. The top or head; a shoot in form of a pm or spike, on which com grows in rows; the receptacle of the maize, or American corn; a strong, stout pony ; a horse not castrated; an animal with only tide; a sea-fowl, the Sea-cob; a baU or pellet for feeding fowls; ta spider; a large cobble-stone; day mixed with straw ; a kind of wicker basket, used in husbandry; a foreign coin bearing a head; a covetous —T^a^^^o punish by striking the breech with a belt or fiat piece of wood. , ^ Cobalt, ko'-bolt, s. A brittle metal of a redd^h-gray or grayish-white colour, and weak metollic lustre.-- Cobalt-bloomy acicular arseniate of cobalt. — Co6a«- erusty earthy arseniate of cobalt. . __ CoBALTic, ko-bolt'-iky a. Pertaining to cohalt, or con¬ sisting of it; resembling cobalt, or cpntajning it. CoBALTrNE, ko’-boU-een, B. A crystaUized mmcral of a sUTer or yellowisli colour, composed cluelly of tne arseniate and sulphuret of cobalt. OmBiNQ, koV-bing, s. A beatmK on the breech yntn a belt or flat piece of wood. Cobble, ioft'-R, T.a. To make or mend coarsely, as shoes; to botch; to make or do clumsily or u^andily. — 8. A roundish lump of coal; a small fishmg-boat, usually written coble. — Cobble, or cobble-stone,^ pelfole; a roundish stone, of various sizes, supposed to be a fragment, rounded by the attrition of water. Cobbler, kob'-bler, s. A mender of shoes; a clumsy workman ; a mean person. CoBBT, a. Stout; brisk. . , CoBCAL,*o6'-/feoi,8. A sandal worn by ladies In the East. CoBCoALs, kof-koal%, s.pl. Large round coals • cobbles. CoBBLLiQERENT, ko-bel-lif-er-ent, a. Carrying on war in conjunction with another power. COnjuncuoii wim auotuei' power. — 8. A nation or state that carries on wai in connection with another. CohiAOU ,kob'-i-urn,s. An andiron with a knob atthetop. Cobishop, ko-Bish'-up, s. A joint or coadjutant bishop Coble, kob'-l, s. A small open fishing boat. COBLOAF, koV-loafy 8. A loaf that is uneven, or crusty. Cobnut, koV-nut, 8. A large variety of the hazel-nut a boy’s game, the conquering nut. Cobob, s. SeeCABOB. Cobra di capello, ko'-brd de kd-peV-lo, s. The Portu¬ guese trivial name of the tripudians, one of the most venomous of knoi^Ti serpents. CoBSTONE, kob'-stone, s. A large stone, see Cobble. Cobswan, koV-swon, s. The head or leading swan. Cob-wall, kob'-wawl, s. A wall made of mud or un- bumed clay, mixed with water. Cobweb, kob'-web, s. The web or net-work spread by a spider to catch its prey; any snare, implying insidiousness and weakness. — a. Thin, flimsy, slender, feeble. CoBWEBBED, kob'-webd, a. Covered with cobwebs. In botany, covered with a thick, interwoven pubescence Cobwebby, kob'-ioeb-be,a.. Covered with cobwebs. Coca, ko'-kd, s. A highly-stimulating narcotic, the dried leaf of the Erythroxylon coca, a plant found wild in Peru. Coca is chewed to a great extent by the Peruvians, and has the same pernicious clfects upon the system as the opium of the Asiatics. CocAONE, kok-ayn', s An imaginary country of idleness, luxury, and delight; hence, applied to London and its suburbs. CocALON,ifeo'-*A-fon,8. Alarge cocoon^ of a weak texture. CocciFEiious, kok-sif-er-us, a. Bearing berries. Coccinella, kok-se-nel -la, s. A genus of Coleopterous insects, including the ladv-hird, lady-cow, &c. Coccolite, kok'-ko-dite, s. A variety of pyroxene. CoccuLUB, kok'-kew-lus, s. A genus of Indian Meiiisper maceous plants, one species of which, Cocculus pal- matus, affords the Columba root of commerce, from which a valuable bitter is obtained; and another species, Cocculus suberosus, yields the bciTies, called Cocculus Indicus, employed in medicine as a narcotic, and said to be commonly used to adulterate beer. Coccus, kok'-kus, 8. A genus of Hemipterous insects see Cochineal. In boi., a cell or capsule. Coccyx, kok'-siz, s. In anatomy, a small bone joined to the extremity of the os sacrum. Cochineal, kotsh'-e-neel, s. A small insect, the Coccus cacti, found chiefly in Mexico. These insects are collected in great numbers at particular periods, killed by the application of heat, and subsequently formed into a mass or drug, which is the proper cochineal of the shops. Cochineal is used in giving red colours, especially crimson and scarlet, and in the manufacture of carmine. . CocHiNEAL-riG, kotsh'-e-iieel-fig, a. The Opuntia cochtn- illifera, or Cactus cochinillifer, a succulent plant, on which the cochineal insect is found. It is a native of South America, and is extensively cultivated. CocHiNiLLiNE, kotsk-e-nil'-Hii, s. The peculiar colouring matter of cochineal. . Cochlea, koW-le-d, s. A snail-shell; a spiral univalve shell. In anat., a cavity in the ear. Cochlean, kok'-le-an, a. Hollowed out like a spoon. Cochleare, kok'-le-d-re, s. A spoon ; a spoonful: a leim used in medical prescriptions. CocHLBARiroRM,/5o^-/e'rtr-e-/orm, a. Having the form of a snail-shell. CocHLBART,A;oA;'-ic-d-r«, la. Shaped like a screw , CocHLEATE, > twisted like a snail-shell; CoewLYk-TED, kok'-le-a-ted,) spiral; turbinated. CocHLiTE, kok'-lite, s. A fossil shell, like that of a snail. Coex, kok, 8. The male of birds, particularly of gallin¬ aceous or domestic fowls ; a weather-cock ; a vane m shape of a cock; an instrument for permitting ot arresting the flow of a liquid at pleasure from a cask, vat, pipe, ; a spout i a tap; the projecting coniei of a hat; a small conical pile of hay; gnomon of a dial; the needle of a balance; the P^®®® which covers the balance in a clock or watch; the notch of an arrow; the part of the lock of ^ or other flre-arm, which being rapiffiy impelled by a spring, causes fire,either by means of a ^t attached td it, as in the old pieces,or by striking violently upon a percussion-cap, as in present use; a small ^at, usually called a cock-boat ■ a leader; a chief man . fi COCKADE C 182 ] COEFPIOIEI3? «>«*-a-Aoop, or cock on the UBmea ’ o C°'^>‘»ndabvU,a tedious, - TT To Jit e^Xlt exagjterated story, on one thfV “P ; to place, as the hit, niss to ? '*■ ’ *® “P with an air of pert- S^ftr’ » small conical piles • to get or ■ i n To a gun, in order to Irk head; to strut; to look biff pert, or menacing; + to train or use fighting-cocks r»e«l’. ailtvfce*nr t lnoT*o“iilC: a ciallV hv thf il t^o™ O" the hat, espe- CoclADBl^iJi of miUtary and naval officers. Cocit? li’i? 7 ^ *• Wearing a cockade. t’l- A f't'tio. otherwise caUed MtckU-bmc. CocKATol triumphant; exultant. ^l\KT^;X knV°c ^ ‘^tested parrot. prMi?l fro™ t 8- A serpent fciagined to Coii ^1? A I ; the basilisk. i» ft seamen’s language, the anchor from the caf bi’’a “ “’"^Peoded perpendicularly Cocl^oV? 1=7 ‘H’ '■^*'^7 ‘«t go in a moment. IjocK-BOAT, kok -boat, 8. A Small boat. tocK-BRAiNED, kok'-braynd, a. Giddy ; rash. CocxcnTrii’ ^‘toth made by boUing a cock. .,The May-bug"or dorr- Cock crow, hok -kro, s. A cock-crowing. ^ time at which cocks crow, early mommg; the dawn of day. Cocked, ioif, pp. of the verb to cock. - r^o’^e wkf.' T,-*"- ’ to indulge ; to pamper. dash°r of cock-febting ; a sort of spatter- aasn, a dog of the spaniel kind. Cockerel, kok'-er-el, s. A young cock. -er-tny, s. Indulgence. CocKET,!: AoA'-ef, a. Brisk ; pert. ~given custom-house; a certificate on thirr frv of the custom-house to merchants such vln,i7i, ^ tor exportation, as evidence of thi'd.ffv ni ft f *’!!'» diUy entered, that is, that on them has been paid, or that they are duty pxHi’rt r custom-house where goods for exportation are entered. ” The finest wheaten bread. COCK-EYE, kok'-i, 8. A squinting eve. Huving squinting eyes. *^“*i 7*7**’.^ ! 8- A match Or contest of CocK-FiQHTiNa, kok -fitc-tng, J game-cocks. oA'he'lOTk a. Having a head like that ^\fnUing^’ iruigaZ’’"' ''“■8«b8ck ; triumphant; CocKiNo, io4'-t7ip, s. Cock-fighting. ? 7 * -Imjrd s. In Scotland, a yeoman. ^ 8. 7V plant or weed, the cornrose, Agro- Sy., a Little, pert, presuming fellow. Confidently certain. (Vulgar.) nf JTni ’ or kok'-sn, s. An officer on board of a ship who has the care of the boat and its crew. A "V? t’ s. A plant, tlie pepperwort. COCOA, AO Ko, 8. A decoction or beverage made of the ground kernels of the Theobrvma cacao, or chocolate- nut tree, a native of the West Indies crushed nuts of the k”‘“ ‘'ocao^used to make a nutritious decoction; drank by many instead of tea or coffee. 8 . A large nut, the fruit of the imtiv'e nf tnl*’ a™, a species of palm, native of the warm climates of both Indies. ^ wMch P8U or case of silk, in ^ the silk-worm involves itself when passing to the chrysalis state, and which serves it as a defence rhoplp“y“thi"llmld. Cocoonery, ko-koon'-cr.e, s. A building or apartment Comm rToiw'^’AT'''’" forming cocoons. COCTIBLE, Ao4 -te~bl, a. lhat may be boiled or baked - -P08‘"^ to COCTION kok’-shun, 8 The act of boiling or exposing tti paWio/oyy, that alteration in tlie ®^^8jP^8tter ol a disease which fits it tor a discharge ; ™jet0P«7 or case, containing plant; a pod ; a bag; the scrotum ; X a pillow. —$ v.n. To enclose m a pod. CoD^isH^of-yJsA, } Gadlsf‘ilChTting* nmk^em^S^^ "rkn%dt-tfonan.”oyr- Codded, kod'-ded, a. Enclo.sed in a pod. Codder,- toci'-rfer, s. A gatherer of cods or pease. CoDDY, W'-de, a. Husky. CODDT-MODDY, kod'-de-mod'-dc, a. A guU in its first year’s plumage. ® ® 1 ,’ oollection of the laws and constitutions 2 nl’ ? lloman emperors, made by order of .tustinian ; a hook of la ws ; any orderly collection or digest of laws rll?:*-’ ) 8. An alkaloid, obtained fram CODEINA, ko-d/-e-m\, 1 opium, and one of its incdicina' Codeine, to-de-e«i, ) active principles. Codex, ko -dex, s. A manuscript; a hook , a code ConoER, kod -jer, ». A rustic ; a clown , a mi.serlv in.an Codicil, kad-e-sil, s. An appendix or writing by wav of supplement to a will. ’ CoDiciLLARY,Aod-s-«7'-M-7-e,a. Ofthc nature of a codicil s. The act or process of reducing laws to a code or system ^ Codified, ko -de-fide, pp. of the verb lo codify. clDisTtodF'%'''-^'*’'’ “ “de; one L.ODIST, Koae -ft ) who reduces to a code Codify, /tode'-e-^ v.a. To reduce to a code or digest CoDiLLA.Ao-dx'-ld 8. The coarsest part of hemn which IS sorted by itself ; also, the coanscst part of flax °'is w™.*""'^'’" ’ '’U'hre, when the game CoDLE, iod'-dl, v.a. To parboil; to keep warm to make much of, to fondle; to nurse , to caudle. ' CoDLiN, kod -Irn, s, A cooking apple ■ an armle coriiea COEFFICJENT, ko-cf-fish' cut. a Co-operatil| sometliing else to‘’prX™'th; lime effeJt *In IhnAra SuSSii,™" ,a"s ra * •»?? ..pp«,d to b, muMpiM. COEFPIOIEWTLT [ 183 ] GOGITIZEE jf any generating term is the quantity which arises from the divisiou of that term by the generated quantity. CoKFFiciENTLT, ko-ef-jish'-cnt-le, ad. By co-operatiou. Co-elder, ko-eld'-er, s. An elder of the same rank. CoELECTioN, ko-e-lek'-shun, s. Joint election. CcELiAC, se'-le-ak, a. Pertaining to the lower belly.— Ccelinc artery, the artery which issues from the aorta just below the diaphragm.—passtoii, the lien- tery^ a disease characterized by a flux or diarrhoea of undigested food. Coemption, A:o-emp'-«/iwu, s. The act of purchasing the whole quantity of any commodity. CoENJOT, ko-en-joy', v.a. To enjoy together. Coenjoyed, ko-en-joyd', pp. of the verb to coenjoy. CcENOBiTE, se'-no-bite, s. See Cenobite. Coequal, ko-e'-kwal, a. Equal to another person or thing; of the same rank, dignity, or power. — s. One who is equal to another. CoEQu ALITT,A:o-e'A:^4JoZ‘'-e-^e, s. The state of being coequal. CoEQUALLY, ko~^-kwol-le, ad. "With joint equality. Coerce, ko-ers', v.a. To restrain by force ; to compel. Coerced, ko -erst', pp, of the verb to coerce. Coercible, ko-er^-e-bl. a. That may be coerced. Coercibleness, ko-ers'-e-bl-nes, g. The state of being coercible. Coercion, ko-er'-shun, s. Restraint; check, particularly by law or authority ; compulsion; force. Coercive, ko-ers'-iv, a. That has power or authority to restrain ; compulsory; constraining. Coercively, ko-ers'-iv-le, ad. By constraint. Coessential, a. Partaking of the same essence. Coessentiality, ko-es-sen-shaV-e-te, s. Participation of the same essence. Coessentially, ko-es-sen'-shal-le, ad. In a coessential manner. Coestablishment, ko-es-tab'-lish-inent, s. Joint esta¬ blishment. CoETANEAN,t ko-e-ta'-ne-aii, a. Same as Coetaneous. CoEST ..te, An estate or state of equal rank; a «nion of estates or interests. Coetaneous, ko-e-ia'-ne-us, a. Of the same age with another; beginning to exist at the same time. CoKTERNAL,fco-<>-ier'-«a/,a. Equally etemal witli another. Cof;TERNALLY, ko-e-tcf'-ual-le, ad. 'With equal eternity. CoBTERNiTY, Ko-c- ter'-uc-tt, 8. Existciice from eternity equal with another eternal being ; equal eternity. Coeval, ko-e'-val, a. Of the same or equal age; begin¬ ning to exist at the same time; cotemporary. — s. One of the same age : a cotemporaiy. CoEvocs.t: ko-e’-vtts, a. The same as Coeval. Coexist, ko-eg-zisf, v.a. To exist at the same time. Coexistence, ko-eg-zistf-ens, 8. Existence at the same time. Coexistent . a. Existingat the same time. Coexpand, ko-ex-pand', v.a. and v.n. To expand to¬ gether equally. CoKXTENu, ko-ex-t€7id','v.di. or v.n. To extend tlu’ough the same space or duration with another. CoEXTBNSioN, ko-cx-ten’-skiin^ s. The act of extending equally, or the state of being equally extended. Coextensive, ko-ex-ten'-siv, a. Equally extensive. CoEXTENsivELT, ko-ex-teu'-siv-U, ad. In a coextensive manner. Coextensiveness, Ao-ex-ik,& Pertaining to, or containing columbium, as columbi'. acid CoLUMBiFERous, fcoZ uxn-hif -er~u8,d,. Producing or con taining columbium Columbine, kol'-um-btne, a. Like or pertaining to a pigeon or dove , of a dove-colour — 8. A genus of plants, Aquilcyia, of several species; the heroine in a pantomime ; a kind of violet colour. Columbine, ko-lum'-hin, s. A vegetable principle con¬ tained in the root of the calumba {Coccxduspalmatus). Columbite, ko-lum'-bite, s. The ore of columbium. Columbium, ko-lum'-be-um, s. A metal discovered in 1801, in an ore or oxide found at New London, in Connecticut. It has since been also named Tajitalum and its ore Tantalite, whence its symbol is Ta. CoLUMBo,feo-Zum'-6o. s. See Calumba. CoLUMEL, kol -yu md, ! s. In &oi.,the central column Columella, kol-yu-mel'-ld, ) in a capsule, appropriately, of mosses; the axis of fruit. In conch., the upright pillar in the centre of most of the univalve shells. Column, kol'-lurn, s. A long, round body of wood of stone used to support or adorn a building, composed of a base, a shaft, and a capital, a round pillar; an erect or elevated structure, resembling a column in architecture , any body pressing perpendicularly on its base, and of the same diameter as its base, as a column of water, air, or mercury, a large body ot troops drawn up in deep files; a body of individuals of any xind moving or drawn up in long, regular rows; a file; a row; a perpendicular section of a paste in printing, a perpencficular line of figures in arith metic, the stamen of a plant, when the fllamentA are united into a tube around the styles. Columnar. iko-fuTn -nar, a- Formed in coluinnR, having the form of columns, like the shaft of a coluawA OOLUMNED [ 188 ] COMESTIBLE ObLTTifNBD, kor-tuma, &. Havui^ columns. COLUKE, ko-leicr', s. In astronomy and geography, tlie colures are two great circles supposed to intersect each other aL right angles, In the poles of the world, one passing tlu*ough the lolstitial and the other through the equinoctial points of the ecliptic. Colza, Icol'-zd, s. A variety of Cabbage, the Brassica oleracea, the seeds of which afford by pressure an oil much used in FS*ance and Belgium for burning in lamps, &c. Coxa, ko'-mA, s. Lethargy; dozing ; a morbid disposi¬ tion to sleep. In boi., a small fascicle of leaves or hairs on the top of a stem or stipe; an assemblage of branches forming the head of a forest tree. In astr., a dense nebulous covering which surrounds the nu- clens or body of a comet. Coma Berenices, ko'-md ber-e-ni'-seeZy s. A northern constellation: see Berenice’s hair. Comart ,± ko'-marty s. Treaty ; agreement; contract. Comate, Ko'-matey a. Hairy encompassed with a coma. — s. A fellow-mate, or companion. Comatose, ko'-nut-tose, 1 a. Lethargic; dozing; di'owsy ; CoMATOus, ko'-m(\-tuSy j affected with coma. Comb, koine, s. An instrument with teeth, for separat¬ ing, cleansing, and adjusting hair, wool, or flax ; the crest, caruncle, or red fleshy tuft growing on a cock’s head; the cellular substance in which bees lodge their honey; a dry measure of four bushels, more properly coomb; valley, a ravine. — v.a. To separate, disentangle, cleanse, and adjust with a comb. — v.n. In nau. lang.y to roll over, as the top of a wave, and break in foam. Combat, kom'-bat,or kuni'-bat,y.ii. To fight; to struggle or contend with; to act in opposition. — v.a. To oppose; to contend against; to fight; to con¬ test ; to resist; to dispute. — s. A fight; battle; duel; conflict; encounter; contest. CoMBATABLK, kom'~bat-(i-hl, or knm'-bfit-ii-bl, a. That may be combated, disputed, or opposed. Combatant, kom'-bat-ant, or kum'-bat-ant, s. One who fights or combats with another, or in an army, or fleet; a champion; one who contends with another in argument or controversy. — a. Contending ; fighting ; disposed to contend. CoMBATER, kom'^at-er, or kum'-bat-er, 8. One who fights or contends. , Combative, kom'-bat-ic, or kunV-bat-iVy a. Disposed to combat; pugnacious. CombativeJ^ess, kom'-hat-iv-fxes, or kum'-hat-iv-nesy s. Disposition to contend, or tight. Among phrenolo¬ gists, an organ which predisposes a person to tight, or denoting coui'age, quarrelsomeness, and fierceness of disposition. Comb-bird, koam'-herd, s. A Gallinaceousifowl of Africa. CoMB-ButJSH, koain'-brush, s. A brush to clean combs. Combed, koamhd, pp. of the verb to comb. Comber, koam’-er, s. One who combs; one whose oc¬ cupation is to comb wool, &c. Comber, kum'-ber, s. A long, slender fish, with a red back, found on the coasts of Cornwall, t Encum¬ brance; trouble. COMBINABLE, kom-bine'-A-bl, a. That may be combined. CoxBiNABLENEss, kom-bine’-i-bl-nes, 8. State of being combinable. Combinate,^ kom'-be-nate, a. Betrothed; promised. Combination , kom-be-iia'-shun, s. The act of combining; state of being combined; intimate union or associa¬ tion of two or more persons or things, to accomplish some object; confederacy; conspiraev; cabal; associa¬ tion ; union of particulars; union of bodies or quali¬ ties in a mass or compound; commixture; chemical union; union by affinity. In mathematics, the union of numbers or quantities in every possible manner.— Combination room, in the University of Cambridge, a room into w'hich the fellows withdraw after dinner, for wine, dessert, and conversation. CoMBiNATivBji' kom-hiii'-d-tiv, a. Tending or apt to combine; uniting. Combine, kom-bine, v.a. To unite two or more things; to cause to league or unite; i- to settle by compact, v.n. To unite, agree, or coalesce; to unite in friend¬ ship or design; to confederate; to unite by affinity, Combined, kom-blnd', pp. of the verb to combine. Combiner, kom-hinef-er, s. He or that which combines. Mn, s. A threat or threat¬ ening ; a denunciation; the recital of God’s threaten ings on stated days; an office in the liturgy of the Church of England. CoMMiNATORY, ko77i-7ni7i'~d~to-rey a. Threatening; de nunciatory. Commingle, ko7}i-mi7ig'-gl, v.a. To mix together; to mingle in one mass, or intimately; to blend. — v.n. To mix together; to unite with one another. Commingled, ko7n-77ii7ip'-gld, pp. of the verb to commingle CoMMiNUATEj^ kom-7M7i-yu~atey v.a. To grind. Comminuible. kom-77ii7i'-yti~e-bl,a.. Reducible to powder. Comminute, kom'-ytie-yiewt, v.a. To reduce to minute particles, or to a fine powder; to pulverize; to triturate. Comminution, s. The act of reducing to a fine powder; pulverization ; attenuation. CoMMisERABLE,+ ko7)i-miz'-er-d~bly a. Deserving of com miseration; pitiable; that may excite sympathy. Commiserate,« o7n-wjia'-er-rtfe, v.a. To feel sorrow, pain, or regret for another in distress ; to compassionate. Commiseration, kom-77uz-er-a'-shu7iy 8. A sj’mpathetic sorrow for the wants, afflictions, or distresses of others ; compassion ; pitv ; sympathy. Commiserative, i koyn^miz^-er-d-Hv, a. Compassionate. CoMMiSERATivELY, ad. From com¬ passion ; with commiseration. CoMMisBRATOR, ko77i-77iiz'-cr-a-teY, 8. One who has com¬ miseration ; one who pities. CoMMissARiALjt kom-mis-sa'-re-al, a. Pertaining to a commissary. Commissariat, ko77i-mi,s-sa'-re-at, s. The office or em¬ ployment of a commissary ; the whole body of officers pertaining to the department which has the charge of provisioning the army. CoMMi.'ssART, kom'-mis-sd-rey 8. A commissioner; one to whom is committed some charge, duty, or office; an officer w'ho has the charge of furnishing provisions, &c.^ for an army; the deputy of a bishop, who ex¬ orcises spiritual jurisdiction in remote parts of his diocese. Commissary-general, kom'-mis-sd-re~jen'-er-aly s. A chief officer of the commissariat department. CoMMissARTSHiP, kom'-mis-sd-re-ship, s. The office of a commissary. Commission, ko77i-77iish' tm, s. The act of committing, the act of intrusting, as a charge or duty . the thing committed or power and authority given. trust; charge, office, employment, authority; warrant, a writing from proper authority, given to a person as warrant for exercising certain powers, or the per¬ formance of any duty , a number of persons joined in an office of trust, management by committee or sub¬ stitute ; the state of acting under authority in the purcha.se and sale of goods ?or another, the allowance made to a factor, commission merchant, or other agent, for transacting business.—7’o pat a ship into co7?imi!i$io7i, in the nat'y, is to prepare it for, and put it into the active service of the state.—7’o put the great seal mto cofnmisswn, is to place it in the hands of commissioners during the period that intervenes between the going out of one lord keeper and the accession of another. — v.a. To depute; to authorize; to empower; 10 charge; to appoint; to give a commission to. CoMMissioNAL.-f kom-7)iish'-xin-aly \ a. Appointed by CoMMissioNARY.t ko7n-77iish'-xni-d-rey / warrant. Commissioned, A077t-»n’sft'-tojd, pp. of to cortwiission. Commission-merchant, koyn-mish'-un - 77ier'-tsha7ity s. One who transacts business as the agent of other men, in buying and selling, and receives a rate per cent, as his commission, or remuneration. Commissioner, kom-mish'-tm-er, s. A p(‘rson w'ho has a commission or warrant from proper authority to pf'rform some office, or execute some business. Commissure, kom-mish'-yur, s. A joint. a seam ; a clo¬ sure ; the place where two bodies or parts of a body meet and unite, an interstice; a cleft. In anat., a suture of the cranium or skull; articulation ; th^' comers of the Ups; also, certain parts in the ventri¬ cles of the brain, uniting the two hemispheres. In oryiithology, the gape. Commit, ko77i-mit', v.a. To put into the hands or power of another, to intrust; to consign ; to deposit. to send to prison , to do; to perpetrate . to expose , to engage, or pledge ; to refer or intrust to a committee, or select number of persons, for their consideration and repor* + to match. —t v.n To be guilty of incontinenc) COMMITMENT [ 191 ] COMMOTION OoMMiTMENt, The act of committing; commission ; perpetration ; the aet of intrusting, pledg¬ ing. exposing, or endangering, a sending to prison; imprisonment, an order forconfining in prison ; the act of referring to a committee for consideration. Committal, 8. A pledge,actual or implied ; the act of committing ; commitment. Committed, kom-mit’~ed, pp. of the verb to commit. Dommittee, kom-mit’-tcy s. One or more persons ap¬ pointed by a collective body of men acting together, to whom some particular matter or business is referred. Committee, kom-mit-te', s. The person to whom the care of an idiot or lunatic is committed, the Lord Chancellor being the committor. Committeeship, kom-mitf-te-shipy s. The office of a committee. Committek, kom-mitf-ter, s. One who commits; one who does or perpetrates. CoMMiTTiBLE,i' kom-mit'-te-bl, a. That may be com¬ mitted , liable to be committed. Committing, kom-mit'-ing, ppr. of the verb to commit Committor, kom-mit-tor', s. See Committee. Commix, kom-mix', v.a. and v.n. To mix; to mingle. Commixed, kom-mixt’, pp. of the verb to commix. CoMMixioN, fcowi-'int/j'-iAwn, Is. Mixture ; a blending CoMMixTioN, kom-mixt'-yutiy j of different ingredients in one mass or compound. Commixture, kom-mixt'-yur, s. The act of mixing; the state of being mingled; the mass formed by mingling different things; composition ; compound. In Scots law, a method of acquiring property by blending dif¬ ferent substances belonging to different proprietors. ^ Commodate, kovi'-7no-date, s. In Scotch law, the gratui¬ tous loan of any thing. Commode, kom-mode', s. (Fr.) A convenient article ; a kind of head-dress formerly worn by ladies; a chest of drawers, often with shelves above. Commodious, kom-mo'-de-us, a. Convenient; suitable; useful; comfortable. CoMMODiousLT,ad. Conveniently ; in a commodious manner; suitably. Commodiousness, kom-mo'-de-us-nes, s. Convenience; fitness ; suitableness for its purpose. CoMMODiTT, kom-mod'-e-te, s. Primarily, convenience; advantage: hence, that which affords convenience or advantage; any article of commerce that is movable ; goods; wares; merchandise.—SiapZe comrnodiiics are those which are the produce or manufacture of a country, and constitute the principal articles of ex¬ portation. Commodore, fcom'-wo-rfortf, or kom-mo-dor ^The officer who commands a squadron or detachment of ships; a title given by courtesy to the senior captain when two or more ships of war are cruising in company; the convoy or leading ship in a fleet of merchantmen. CoMMODULATioN,J kom-mod-yu-la'-shun, s. Measure; agreement. Commoioni?4^ kom'-mioun,s. A monk of the same convent. COMMON, kom'-mun, a. Belonging equally to more than one, or to many indefinitely; belonging to the public ; national; popular; familiar; known to all; stale , <’ommonplace; serving for the use of all; belonging to all; not scarce; abundant; public ; general ; cus- tomaiT ; frequent; usual; ordinary ; of little value ; of no rank or superior excellence ; not noble ; vulgar; mean; prostitute; lewd. In gram., an epithet of verbs that ai*e both active and passive; and also of such nouns as are both masculine and feminine. In arith., a common divisor or m,easure^ is a quantity which divides two or more quantities without leaving a re¬ mainder.—Common prayer, t\\Q formulary or liturgy of the Church of England.— Commoyi time, in mnsic, a term applied to those varieties of time in which each measure is divided into two or four equal parts. 8. A tract or open space of ground, the use of which Is not appropriated to an individual, but belongs equally to the iuhabitants of a town or of a lordship, or to a certain number of proprietors. In law, con¬ joint possession, as tenants in common. v.n. To have a joint right with others in some common ground; to board together, or eat at a table in common, ad. Commonly. Commonable, kom'-mun-&-bl, a. Held in common; that may be pastured on common land. Commonage, kom'-mun-aje, s. The right of pasturing on a common ; the joint right of using any thing in common with othere CoMMONALiTT, A:om-mMn-nZ'-e-^«, 8 See Commowalti CoMMONALTT, kom'-mun-al-te, s. The < ommon people all classes and conditions of people who are below tht rank of nobility; the bulk of mankind. Common-ca-rrier, kom'-mun-kor'-re-er, s. One who un deitakos for hire to transport goods from place to place Common-council, kom' mun-kown'~stl, s. The council of a city or corporate town, empowered to make by laws for the government of the citizens. CoMMON-couNCiL-MAN, kom’-mun-kowu'-^l-muH, s. A member of a common-council. CoMMON-CRiER, kom'-mu7i-kri'-er, s. A crier whose occu¬ pation is to give notice of lost things, and public in¬ timations. He is usually appointed by the parish,and draws attention by ringing a bell prior to crying. Commoner, kom'-mzin-er, s. One of the lOwer rank, or common people; one under the degree of no¬ bility; a member of the House of Commons; one who has a joint right in common ground ; a student of the Second rank in the University of Oxford, corresponding to the pensioner at Cambridge; a prostitute; a partaker. Common-hall, kom'-mtin-hawl, s. A ball or house in which citizens meet for business. CoMMONiTiON,^ kom-mo-nish'~U7\, s. Advice ; warning ; instruction. CoMMONiTivE,^ kom-mon'-e-tiv, a. 'Wam.ing , monitory. CoMMONiTORYjt kom-mou'-e-to-rc, a. Admonishing. Common-law, s. unwritten law, or law which receives its binding force from immemorial usage and universal reception, in distinction from the written, or statute law. Common-lawyer, kom'-mun-law'-yer, s. One versed in the common law. Commonly, A:om'-wmn-Ze, ad. Usually; generally; or¬ dinarily ; frequently ; for the most part. Commonness, kom'-mun-nes, s. Frequent occurrence; the quality or state of being common or usual; fre¬ quency; + equal participation by two or more. Commonplace, kom-mun-pLase, a. Common ; ordinary; trite ; not new or striking. — s. A memorandum; an ordinary or common topic. — v.a. To enter in a commonplace-book, or to reduce to general heads. Commonplace-book, kom'-mu7\,-plase'-b(Tok, s. A book iii which things to be remembered are recorded. Commonplaced, kom'-ynun-playst, a. Entered in a com- monplaced-book. Common-pleas, kom'-mun-pJeez, s. One of the law courts, held in AVestminster Hall. Commons, kom'-irmnz, s.pl. The common people, mclud-’ ing all those who inherit or possess no honours or titles; the lower house of the British parliament, consisting of the representatives of cities, boroughs, and counties, and commonly called the House of Com¬ mons; food provided at a common table, as in colleges, &c.— Doctors' Commons, in London, a college for the professors of the civil law, where the civilians common together. Common-sense, fcowi'-mwn-5ens, s. Sound, practical judg¬ ment ; the instantaneous decision of unpervertea reason. CoMMONSTRATB,^ kom-mon'-strate , y . 3 ,. To teach. CoMMoNTY, ko7n'-mun-te, s. In Scotch law, land belong¬ ing to two or more common proprietors; or a heath or muir, of which there has been a promiscuous pos¬ session by pasturage. CommoNSveal, kom-mo7i-weel', s. The public good; the general interest of the nation, or of a body of people. Commonwealth,A n established form of government or civil polity ; a state ; a body politic ; the whole body of people in a state ; the territory of a state ; a republic ; a commimity; the common weal.— The Co77imonwenlth, in E7iglish history, the form ot government established on the death of Charles 1., and which existed under Oliver Cromwell and his son. CoMMONWEALTHSMAN, kom-niun-weiths'•)/i7i7i, s. A re¬ publican; one who favoured the EnglLsh Common¬ wealth. CoMMORANCE, is. A residence; abode Commorancy,A om'-mo-ra7i-se, / habitation. CoMMORANT,/:or/i'-»no-ran^, a. Dwelling; resident; or¬ dinarily residing ; inhabiting. CoMMORATioN,4iiom-wio-ra'-s/iM7i,s.A8tayingortaiTyiiig Commorient, kom-77io'-re-ent,dL. Dying at Uie same time CoMMOTHEn,'t kem'-muth-er, s. A godmother. Commotion, kom-mo'-shwi, s. Agll-.ttian ; excitfme.'*t; pertiirbJlion; distmbance; tumult; disordw. COMMOTIONER t 102 ] COMPANY CoMMoTioNER,-^ kom i>io'-&hun-erf 8. One wlio excites commotion. CoMMovE.t kom-mooifj v.a. To put in motion; to dis¬ turb ; to ag-itate; to unsettle. CoMMovBD, kom-rnoovd*, pp. of the verb to commove. CoMMUKAL, kom-mewn'-al, a. Pertaining to a commune. Commune, kom-mew?i', T.n. To converse; to confer; to talk together familiarly; to impart sentiments mu¬ tually, in private or familiar discourse; to have inter¬ course in contemplation or meditation; tto partake of the sacrament or Lord’s Supper. Commune, koni'-mettny s. + Communiou. Commune, kom-muyie, s. (Fr.) A. small territorial dis¬ trict in Prance. In the country, a commune some¬ times embraces a number of villages, while some of the large cities are divided into a number of communes. Communicability, k&~biV-e-te,s. The qual¬ ity or capability of being coiiimunicable. Communicable, kom-ineiv~ne-kd~blf a. That may be communicated ; capable of being imparted from one to another; communicative; ready to impart. Communicableness, kon%-inew’-nx.-kd~bl-ne$y s. The state of being communicable. Comm uNicABLY, kom-mew'-ne-ka-bley ad. "With com¬ munication ; in a communicable manner. Communicant, kovi~niexo'-ne-kanty s. A partaker; one who communes at tlie Lord’s table; one who is en¬ titled to partake of the sacrament of the Lord’s Supper. —■t-a. Communicating; imparting. Communicate, kom-nieio'~ne-katey v.a. To impart; to confer; to bestow; to give; to reveal; to disclose; to make known. — v.n. To have intercourse; to correspond; to have a communication or passage from one to another; to have the means of passing from one to another; to have, enjoy, or suffer reciprocally; to have a share with another; to participate; to partake of-the Holy Communion, or tlie Lord’s Supper. Communication, kom-mew-ne-ka'-skutiy s. The act of communicating; intercoui’se; interchange of thoughts or opinions, by conference or other means; interchange of knowledge; correspondence; good understanding between men; connecting passage; means of passing from place to place; that which is communicated or imparted. In rhetoric, a trope by which a speaker or writer takes his hearer or speaker as a partner in his sentiments, and says we, instead of 1 or you. Communicative, kom-meio'~ne-k&~tii\ a. Inclined to communicate; ready to disclose or impart to others; not reserved. Communicativeness, kom-mew'-ne-ki-tiv-nes, s. The quality of being communicative. Communicator, kom-inew'-ne-ka-ter, s. One who com¬ municates. Communicatory, koxn-mexi/-ne~ha-to-re, a. Imparting knowledge. Communing, 8. Converse; meditation. Communion, kooi-mewn'-yun, s. Mutual intercourse be¬ tween two persons or more ; converse; fellowship; a state of giving and receiving; agreement; concord; mutual intercourse or union in religious worship, or in doctidne and discipline ; the Lord’s Supper; a bodj of Christians who have one common faith and discip¬ line; union of professing Christians in a particular Communion-service, in the liturgy of the Episcopal Church, is the office for the administration or the Holy Sacrament.—Cbmwunion Table, the altar- table, or table on which the Lord’s Supper is laid, and at which it is administered. Co*mmunioni8t, Aom mewn'-yun-isty^. One who is of the same communion. Communism, Aowi'-m€to-ntzm,s. Community of property among all the inhabitants of a state; a state of things in which there are no individual or separate rights in property; socialism. Communist, kom'-mew~nist, s. One who holds the prin¬ ciples of communionism; socialism. Community, kom-mew'-ne~te, s. Society at large; the public or people in general; a society of people, having common rights and privileges, or common interests, or livin^r under the same laws and regulations; an as.’^ociation, especially of persons maintaining the same religious tenets and helpline; a body politic; common possession ; t commonness ; frequency. OoMMUTABiLiTT, kom-mew-ta-biV-e~te, s. The quality of being commutable, or capable of being exchanged. OoMKrTAiLa,Ar07n'WCM> That may be commuted; that may be e.\changed, cr mutually changed, is philology, that may pass from one into another. Commutation, Ao7M-wei^-^a'-s/?un, s. Act of commuting, change; alteration; exchange; barter; ransom. In law, the change of a penalty or punishment from a greater to a less. In astr., the angle of commutation of a planet is measured by the difference between the sun’s longitude and the geocentric longitude of the planet. Comsiutative, Helative to exchange, interchangeable. Commutatively, kom-mew’-td-tiv-le, ad. By way of exchange. Commute, kom-mewf, v.a. To exchange; to put one thing in the place of another; to give or receive one thing for another. In law, to substitute one penally or punishment for another of less severity. — v.n. To atone; tocompensate; to stand in the place of. CoMMUTUAL, kom~meio'-tew-aly a. Mutual; reciprocal. CoMOSB, ko'-mose, a. In botany, terminating in a tuft of hairs or filaments. Compact, a. Pirm; solid; close, firmly and closely united; dense; brief; pithy; not diffuse; not verbose; tjoined; held together; compacted. — v.a. To unite or connect firmly; to thrust, drive, or press closely together; to league with; to compose or make out of. Compact, kom'-pakt, s. An agreement; any covenant or contract between individuals; appropriately, an agreement between nations and states; a treaty; a confederacy. Compacted, 'kom-pakV-ed, a. Joined together; closely united. Compactedly, Aom-paAS'-tfd-Zg, ad. Closely; firmly. CoMPACTKDNEss, koiH-pakt'-ed-nes, s. The state of being compact; firmness ; closeness of parts ; density. CoMPACTER, kom-pakt'-er, s. One who makes a compact. CoMPACTiBLE,^ kom-paktf -e~bl, s. That may, be joined. Compaction, kom-pak'-shun, s. The act of making com¬ pact ; the state of being compact. Compactly, kom-pakf-le, ad. Closely ; densely. Compactness, kom-pakf-nes, s. The state of being com¬ pact ; close union of parts ; firmness ; density ; solidity. CoMPACTURE,t korn-pakt'-yur, s. Close union or connec¬ tion of parts; structure; manner of joining. CoMPAGEs, kom-pa'-jeez, s. A system or structure oi many parts united. Compaginate, kom-paj'-xn-ate, v.a. To set togeliior that which is broken. CoMPAGiNATioN,4'Aom-pq;-»n-o'-4:/«m,s. Union of parts, structure; connection. CoMPANABLB,$ kum'-pii-nd-bl, a. Companionable. CoMPANABLENEss^ kuiu-pd'-tid-bl-nes, s. Sociableness. CoMPANiABLE,$ kum-pan'-e-d-bl, a. Social. Companiablene8s4 kom-pan'-e-d-bl-nes, s. Sociableness. CoMPANiBD, kum'-pd-nid, pp. of the verb to compa.ny. Companion, kom-pan'-yun, s. One who keeps com¬ pany with another; one with whom a person fre* quently associates and converses; one who accom¬ panies another; a comraae; one associated with another in any duty or employment; a coadjutor; a confederate; an ally; a particular grade in an order of knighthood. In nau. taxig., a sort of wooden porch placed over the entrance or staircase of the cabin in some ships; hence, the cabin stairs are called the companio7i-way, and the ladder by which officers ascend to and descend from the quarter deck is called the companion-ladder. Companionable, kom-pan'-yun-d-bl, a. Pit for good fellowship, sociable; agreeable; entertaining. CoMPANioNABLT, kom-pan'-yu7i-d-ble, ad. In a com¬ panionable manner. Companionless, kom-pan'-yu?i-l€s, a. Having no com- panion. Companionship, 8. Fellowship, a» sociation ; company ; train Company, Aiwm'-pd-ne, s. Any assemblage of persons a group; a circle; a party of persons collected by in¬ vitation or otherwise, for entertainment or festivity; a society; a number of persons associated together in one common interest, or in a joint Loncem; a cor- oration. an association; feilowship; the state o\ eing a companion; the act of accompanying another, a body of soldiers united under the command of a cap¬ tain ; a subdivision of a regiment; the crew of a ship. — To bear compa7xyy to accompany; to attend; to ga with.—To keep compa7iy, to accompany; to atteud; to associate frequently or haoituMy. COMPANY [ 193 ] COMPENSABLE CoMFANYjt v.a. To accompany ; to attend. —f v.n To associate with; $to be a gay companion. Comparable, kom'-pA-rA-bl, a. That may be compared; worthy of being compared. Compa'rablt, koyn'-pii~r&-blei ad. In a manner worthy to be compared. CoMPARATEs, koni'-pA-rateSt s.pl. In logiCy two things or ideas that may be compared with each other. Comparative, kom-par'-d-tiv, a. Estimation by com¬ parison ; not positive.—In grammar, a greater or less degree tlian the positive.— Comparative anatomy, the anatomy of all organized bodies, by which the general phenomena of organic structure are demonstrated. —$ 8. One who is fond of making himself another’s equal; one who makes comparisons. Comparatively , kom^pai’'-d-tiv^le, ad. In a state of com¬ parison ; by comparison; not positively, or in itself. Compare, A:o»i-j3are', v.a. To set or bring things toge¬ ther in fact or in contemplation, and to examine the relations they bear to each other, with a view to as¬ certain their agreement or disagreement; to examine the relations of tilings to each other, with a view to discover their relative proportions, quantities, or qua¬ lities ; to liken; to represent as similai-, for the pur¬ pose of illustration; $ to get; to procure; to obtain. —In gram., to form an adjective in the degrees of comparison. — v.n. To hold comparison; to be like or equal; Jto vie. — s. The state of being compared ; comparison ; simi¬ litude; illustration by comparison; simile. Compared, kom-payrd', pp. of rhe verb to compare. Comparer, kom-pare'-er, s. One who compares. Comparing, kom-pare'~ing, s. Act of forming comp.ari- sous. Comparison,/ com-pn>-'-e-swn,s. Actof comparing ; state of being compared, comparative estimate; propor¬ tion ; a resemblance stated; a simile, similitude, or illustration by similitude.—In gram.,l\\Q formatiou.of an adjective m its several degrees of signification.— In the refieclive faculty which compares the sensations and ideas excited by all the other facul¬ ties, and points out their difference, analogy, simili¬ tude or identity. Its organ is situated in the middle of the upper part of the forehead. Compart, hom-pnrt' y\.ii.. To divide; to mark outa plan or design into its several parts, or subdivisions. — s. A member. CoMPARTiMENT, kom-parf-e-meiit, s. (Fr.) A division; compartment. CoMPARTiTioN, kom-par-tish'~xin, s. The act of dividing into parts ; the part divided ; a separate part. Compartment, kom-part'-rnent, s. A division or sepa¬ rate part of a general design, as of a picture, or of a ground-plot. Compartner, s. A sharer. Compass, kum'-pas, s. A circle ; extent; space ; limits ; reach ; grasp ; a passing round ; circuit; circumfer¬ ence ; moderate bounds ; due limits; the whole extent or limit of the voice, or of sound; an instrument, usually called the mariner's compass, used for direct¬ ing or ascertaining the course of a ship at sea, and consisting of a circular box, containing a paper card marked .with the thirty-two points of direction, fixed on* a magnetic needle, that always points to the north, the variation excepted; an instrument used in surveying land, similar in construction to the mariner’s compass, except that the card docs not move round with the needle; an instru¬ ment with which circles are drawn. See Com- PAS.SES. — V.a. To stretch round; to encircle; to environ; to surround; to go or walk round; to embrace; to grasp ; to seize ; to enclose; to invest; to besiege ; to obtain; to attain to; to procure; to accomplish ; to purpr>se ; to intend; to meditate; to imagine ; to con¬ trive. CoMPAssABLB, A:«m'-pas-. Complication ; in¬ volution of parts in one integral ; compound state. Complexion, kom-phk'-shun, s. The colour of the skin, particularly of the face ; the colour eff the ex¬ ternal parts of a body or thing; the temperament, habitude, or natural disposition of the body; parti¬ cular constitution, character, or appearance ; -ta com plex state; condition. Complexional, kom-plek'-shun-al, a. Depending on or pertaining to the complexion or temperament. CoMPT.ExiONALLY, kom-plsk'-skun-al-le, ad. By com¬ plexion. CoMPLExioNART, Aom-ij/tf/c'-g/itm-d-re, a. Pertaining to the complexion or to the care of it. CoMPLExioNED, kom-pUk'-shtmd, a. Having a certain temperament or state ; constitnted. CoMPLiixiTT, Ig. The fttftte o# bfilnt Complsxnvm, j complffi j tfitficftcy , compUcfitlots. ^ COMPLEXLY 195 COMPOUND Complexly, kotn'-plez-le, ad. In a complex manner. j CoMPLExuREjt kovi-plex'-yur, 8. The involution or com- I plication of one thing with otners. CoMPLiABLE, ko7n-pli'-Ct-bl, a. That can bend or yield ; disposed to comply. Compliance, kom^pH'-ans, s. Act of complying, or yielding ; acquiescence ; consent; submission; obe¬ dience ; perfoniiance. Compliant, kom-pli'-ant, a. Yielding; bending ; civil; obliging; complaisant. Compliantly, kom-pli'-ant-le, ad. In a compliant manner. Complicacy, koin'-ple-k&se, s. State of being complicate. Complicate, kom'-pU-katey v.a. To interweave; to make complex ; to involve; to entangle; to unite or connect mutually or intimately ; to make intricate. ~ a. Complex ; intricate ; complicated ; composed of two or more parts united.—In oot.y folded together. Complicately, korn'-ple-kate-le, ad. In a complex or complicated manner. CoMPijcATENEss,s. The stateof being complicated; involution; intricacy ; perplexity. Complication, kom-ple-ka'-shun, s. The act of inter¬ weaving, or involving two or more things or parts ; the state of being complicated ; entanglement; in¬ tricacy ; the integral consisting of many things in¬ volved or interwoven, or mutually united. Complicative, koni'-ple-k&-tiv, a. Tending to involve. Complice, t kom'-plis, s. A confederate ; an accomplice. Complicity,"^ kom-plis'-s-tCyS- The state or condition of being an accomplice. Complied, kom--plide'y pret. of the verb to comply. Complier, kom-pli'-er, s. One who complies, yields, or obeys ; one of an easy, yielding temper. Compliment, fcom'-p/e-wteni, s. An expression of civi¬ lity, respect, or regard . praise ; delicate flattery ; a present or favour bestowed. v.a. To address with expressions of approbation, esteem, or respect, to congratulate; to praise; to flatter ; to manifest kindness or regard for by a present or other favour. — v.n. To pass compliments; to praise ; to flatter; to use ceremony, or ceremonious language. CoMPLiMENTAL, ko7n-ple-nunt'-(tl, a. Expressive of civi¬ lity or respect; implying compliments. Compliment A LLY,A:o//i-p/e-weni'-fli-Ze, ad. In the nature of a compliment. CoMPLiMENTALNEss,! kom-ple-77ient'-al-iies, The qua¬ lity of being complimentary. Complimentary^ kom-ple-mentf-a-re, a. Expressing civility or praise. CoMPLiMENTER, kom'-pU-iiimt-er, s. One who compli¬ ments , a flatterer. Compline, 1 , , (s. The last division of the Complin, i ( Roman Catholic breviary. CoMPLisH,t ko7n’-plishy v.a. For accomplish. CoMPLORE,! kom-plore'y v.n. To lament together. Complot, kotn'-plot, s. A plotting together; a joint plot, a conspiracy. CoMPLOT, kom-plof, v.a. To plot together ; to con.«pire. Complotment, kom-plot'-merit, s. A plotting together. Complotter, s. A conspirator. CoMPLOTTiNOLY,.ftoZ-nes, j of being com¬ pressible. Compressible, kom-pres'-e-hl, a. Capable of being forced or driven into a narrower compass. Compression , kom-presh'-un, 8. The act of compressing, or of pressing into a narrower compass ; the state of being compressed. Compressive, A:om-pres'-tv,a. Havingpowqy to compress. Compressor, kom-pres'-sur, s. He wqio, or that which, compresses. CoMPRESsuRE, kom-^res^-yur, The act or force of one body pressing against another ; pressure. Compriest,$ kom'-preest, s. A fellow-priest. CoMPiuNT,-t kom-prini', v.n. To print together. OoMPRisAL, Aom-prize'-aZ, s. The act of comprising or comprehending. Comprise, horn-prize', v.a. To comprehend, or include within itself; to embrace, contain, or involve. Comprised, horn-prize'd'. pp. Of the verb to oompfisc, CoMPROBATB, kom'-pro-hote, v.n. To concur in testl- mony. CoMPROBATioN, kom-pro'ba'-shu7t, s. I^joof; jointattes- tation. Compromise, kom'-pro-mize, s. A mutual promise 01 parties in controversy, to refer their differences to the decision of arbitrators; mutual agreement; ad¬ justment. — v.a. To adjust and settle a difference by mutua. agreement; to compound; to agree, to accord. COMPROMIT. — v.n. To agree ; to accord. Compromised, kom'-pro-xnize'd, pp. of the verb to et>w pro7rnse. Compromiser, kom'-pro-mize-er, s. One who compro¬ mises. CoMpRoMissoRi.^L, kom-pro-Tnis-so'-re-ol, a. Relating to a compromise. CoMpROMiT, kom'-pro-mit, v.a. To pledge or engage, by some act or declaration; to put to hazard by some previous act or measure. Comprovincial, s. One belonging to the same province, or archiepiscopal jurisdiction. CoMPT,t A:otcni, S. Account; computation. — v.a. To compute. Sec Count. —$ a. Neat; spruce. Comptible, A:ot47i^'-c-6Z, a. Accountable; submissive. CoMPTLY, ad. Neatly. CoMPTNESs, kownt’-nes, s. Neatness. CoMPToiR, ko7np'-twawr, s. (Tr.) A counting-house, shop-counter, or general factory. CoMPTONTTE, komp'-ton-ite,&. A mineral from Vesuvius, the same as Thomsonite, so called in honour of Lord Compton, Earl of Northampton. Comptroller, A:o7i-Zro/e'-e7', s. One who examines the accounts of the other officers. See Controller, &c. CoMPuLSATivE, Ao77t-pt^/'-5^i-^iu, ) R. Compelling; coH- CoMPULSATORY, Ao77L-p«Z'-sd-^o-7‘5, j Straining ; operat¬ ing by force. Compulsatively, kom-ptd'-sA-tiv-le, ad. By constraint or compulsion. Compulsion, kom-pul'-shxin, 8. The act of driving or urging by force, physical or moral; constraint of the will. . , Compulsive, kom-puV~siv, a. Having power to compel applying force. Compulsively, ad. By force. Compulsiveness, kom-p7il'-siv-7ies, s. Force; compulsion. Compulsorily, ko7n-pul'-sO‘re-le, In a compulsory manner. Compulsory, kom-p7il'-so-7’e, a. Having the powci or quality of compelling. CoMPuNCT,$ Ao77i-pu77AZ', a. Pi’ickcd; stimulated. Compunction, kom-punk'-shun,%. Stimulation; inita- tion; poignant grief or remorse; the sling of con¬ science. CoMPUNCTioNLESs, ko7n-pu7ik'-shu7i-le$, a. Not feeling compunction. Compunctious, koni-punk'-shus, a. Penitent; giving pain for offences oominitted. CoMPUNCTiousLY, koHi-punk'-shus-le, ad. V^ith com¬ punction; sorrowfully. CoMPUNCTiYE, kom-punk'-tiv, a. Causing remorse. CoMPUPiL, kom-pew'-pil, s. A fellow-pupil. Compurgation, koxn-pur-ga'-shun,^. In law, the act Of justifying a man by the oath of othci's. Compurgator, i kom-pur-ga -tor, s. One who bears tes¬ timony or swears to the veracity or innocence of another. CoxMPUTABLE, kom-pewt'-ii-bl, a. Capable of being com¬ puted, numbered, or reckoned. CoMPUTATE, kom'-pew-tate, v.a. To account; to reckon. Computation, kom-pew-ta'-shxm, s. The act of com¬ puting, numbering, reckoning, or estimating; the sum, quantity, or amount ascertained hy reckoning calculation ; estimate. , Compute, kom-pewt', v.a. To cast up an account, to estimate the amount by known or supposed data , to number, reckon, or calculate. —t 8. Computation. Computer, s. One who computes; a cal culator. CoMPUTisT,^: kom'-pew-list, s. A computer. Comrade , kom'-rade, s. A mate or companion ’ an asso¬ ciate in occupation. Comradeship, Mm'-rade-ship,^,. Slate of being com¬ rades. COIvIS or COOMS kavey a. Concave or CoMs or CooMs, koms or koom$, s.pl. Malt-Oust. Con, kon. A Latin preposition or prefix to other words, denoting or against ; sometimes written CO. It denotes union, as in conjoin; or. opposition as in conflict. Also an ahbrevation from Latin contra, against, as in the phrase pro and con, for and against. — v.a. To know; to make one’s self master of; to commit to memory. Conacre, kon-a'-kur, v.a. To sub-let, as one acre or more of a farm for a single crop. — a. Noting the system of sub-letting. CoNATus, ko-nn'-tn^y s. Effort; tendency of a body toward any poinr. CoNCAMERATE, koH-kam'-cr-atc, v.a. To arch over; to vault. CoNCAMERATioN, kon-kam-cr-a'-shun, 8. An arching, or vault. Concatenate, kon-kaif-c-natt, v.a. To link together; to unite in a succes§ive series or chain. Concatenation , kon-kat-e-na'-shiin, s. A series of links united; a successive series or order of things con¬ nected or depending on each other. CoNCAUSE,! kon-kaws'y s. Joint cause. CoNCAVATioN, kon-ka-va'-shuu, s. The act of making concave. Concave, a. Hollow; arched or rounded, as the hollow of a bason ; opposed to convex. — s. A hollow ; an arch or vault. — v.a. To make hollow. Concavity, kon-kav'-e-te, s. Hollowness; the internal surface of a hollow spherical body. Concavo-concave, kon-ka'-vo-kon'-ka hollow on both surfaces. Concavo-convex, kon-ka'-vo-kon'-vex, a. Concave on one side, and convex on the other. CoNCAvousLT, kon-ka*-vus-U, ad. "With hollowness. Conceal, kon-seeV, v.a. To keep close or secret; to forbear to disclose ; to hide, or withdraw from obser¬ vation; to disguise or dissemble. CoNCBALABLE, k&n-secl'-a-bl, a. That may be concealed or hid. Concealed, pp. or a. Kept close or secret; covered. Concealbdlt, konseeV~ed-le, ad. So as not to be de¬ tected. Concealedness, kon-seel'-ed-nes, s. Privacy; obscurity. Concealer, kon-teeV-er, s. One who conceals. Concealing, Aon-scri'-wi^, 8. A hiding; a withholding from disclosure. Concealment, kon-seeV-ment, s. Forbearance of disclo¬ sure ; a keeping close or secret; the act of hiding; privacy ; the place of hiding; secrecy; disguise* Concede, kon-seed', v.a. To admit as true or proper; to grant, admit, or surrender. — v.n. To admit; to grant. Conceit,A on-seei',s. Conception; that which is con¬ ceived or formed in the mind; apprehension; notion ; fancy ; gaiety of imagination. Out of co7iceit with, not having a favourable opinion of. — v.a. To conceive; to imagine ; to think; to fancy. —■ v.n. To form a notion ; to conceive. Conceited, kon-seet'-ed, a. Self-opinionated ; vain , having a high opinion of one’s self. Conceitedly, kon-seet'-ed-le, ad. In a conceited man¬ ner ; whimsically. Conceitedness, Aon-««rd', v.n. To agree ; to assent. CoNcoRDABLB, koti-kawrd'-a-hl, a. That may accord; harmonious. CoNcoRDABLY, ko7i-ka'wrd'-&-hle, ad. With agreement. Concordance, Aan-Aaujrd'-«n«, s. Agreement.—In gram¬ mar, concord.—A dictionary or index, especially of the Scriptui’es. CeNcoRDANCY, Aon-AflM>rd'-an-se, 8. Agreement. Concordant, kon-kaw7^d’-anty a. Agreeing; corre¬ spondent; harmonious. — 8. That wliich is accordant. CoNcoRDANTLY, ko7\-ka7j07'd!-aiit-le, ad. In conjunction. CoNCORDAT, kon-kawrd'~aty s. An agreement made by a temporal sovereign with the pope.—In canon law, a compact, covenant, or agreement concerning some beneficiary matter. CoNcoRDiST, Aon-Aowrd'-tsi, 8. The compiler of a con¬ cordance. Concorpoual4 kon-kaior'-po-raly a. Of the sa^me body. CoNcoRPORATB, ko7i-kau}r'~po~rate, v.a. To unite differ¬ ent things in one mass or body; to incorporate. CoNCORPCmATioN, kon-kawr-po-ra'-shun, s. Union of things in one mass or hody. Concourse, kon'-koarse, s. A moving^ flowing, or run¬ ning together; confluence; a meeting; an assembly of men or things. CoNCREATE, kon-Hre-ate', v.a. To create with, or at the same time. CoNCREDiTjt kon-kred'-it, v.a. To intrust. CoNCBEMATioN, Aon-Are-ma'-«Ai*rt, s. The act of burning different things togetlier. Concrement., ko7i'-kre-me7U, s. A growing together; the mass formed by concretion. Concrescence, kori-kree'-sens, s. Growth or increase; the growing by spontaneous unien. CoNCREsciBLE, Aon^res^-5e-&l,a. Capable o! concreting that may congeal. CONO£ESCIV£ [ 109 ] CONDOLE ^NGsescivB, kon - krts ^~ iiv ^. Orowlnff together. Ooi'-rait, a. Acting in conjunction; contributing to tne same event or effect; existing together; coincident. ® — s. That which concurs. ‘^rencerunitedly""'*"’''”'*"'"*’ ''Teinreoncurreit"'’"'*^''’"-"”''”'’’ Concuss, t kon-kus', v.a. To shake violently. ^gitaWon””’ s. A violent shock or ^NcussED, kon-ku8f. a. Shaken. Concussion, Ac)n-A:«s*'-wn, 8. The act of shaking • the state of being shaken ; a shock. »^auing, the */ONCUSSIVE. kon-kus^ - siv . n. XT! ifearmg ooa* Condemn, kon-dem', v.a. To blame, censure or re- ® stiftebce of di.sapprobation against ■ judge to be wj-ong, or gniltv ’ to rn'e” pnnisliment; to disallow; to disapprove ■ to tine ; to Judge or pronounce to be 3t f™ ^ssreSipa"-”’*-^'' “• “pp- V^?fbJS3* fiswmHH I thd judielR! Bst gf aijniijag (p punSh- CoNDEMNATOav, kon-dem'-nH-to-Tt a demnation or censure. Condemned, kon-dem f, pp. of the verb to condemn condemned!’"^ ad. In a maimer to be ^°cen™?es“’ »• One who condeuuis or CONDENSABILITT, kon-den-sA-bil'-e-te, 3. The oualitv of bemg compressible. ui Condensable, kon-dend-d-bl, a. That may be coni- pressed mto a smaller compass. Condensate, kon-dend-ate, v.a. To condense ; to com¬ press into a closer form. ■“ To become more dense, close, or liard. a. Condensed; made more close or compact. Condensation, kon-den-sa'-shun, s. The act of making compact; the state of being cc-ii- CoNDENSATiyE,AOTt-rfens'-,l-hich anjUuno is CoNSTL^NCE, ko 7 i-sil'-e-e}iSy s. Coincidence; conciir- CoNSiMiLAR,+ kon-sim'^e-lary a. Having common re- Co*NsiMiLiTUDE,t ko7i-se-7/iil'-e-t7ide, ) s. Resemblance ; CoNliMiLiTY,$fon-s.-m^i'-.-;e, J concurrence, or CoSisTl^n-sist'y v.a. To stand together; to be in a fixed state; to exist; to subsist; to he in congiuity , to agree; to be compatible with. To consisi togetkei, is to co-exist; to exist concurrently. Consistence, kon-sis'-te7is, 1 s. J Consistency, A:on-.ns'-^en-se, j as the parts of a body or system, ^c.; state of a body with respect to ma- teriL existence; a degree of density or spissitiide, substance* firmness of constitution; hamiony of all parts of a’ complex thing among themselves; con- gruitv; uniformity; state of rest. Consistent, ko7i-sis^'te7ity a. ot Contradictory, fixed ^ in purpose; firm; not fluid; compatible; congruous; Co"NiSL™'TLY, kon-siB’-tBnt-le, ad. In a consistent kfn^“re-al, ) a. Pertaining to a con; ) sistorvorecclesiastica sistory or ecclesiastical Relating to an Consistory, kmi-si^-to-re, court. , Consistorian, kon-sts-to -re-aii, a. order of Presbyterian assemblies. Consistory, ko 7 i-sis'-to-re, s. A place of meeting; an ^ecclesiastical council; the court of every diocpan bishop, held in their cathedral churches, for the trial CONSOCIATE [ 208 ] CONSTANCY of ecclesiastical causes, of which the chancellor of the diocese is ^ud'je; the college of cardinals at Rome. In tlie Calvimstic churches, a consistory is composed of ministers and elders, corresponding to a pres¬ bytery. CoNsociATB, kon~so'’She-atey s. A confederate ^.n ac¬ complice. — v.a. To unite; to join; to associate; to cement; to hold together “ v.n. To unite , to coalesce. OoNsociATED, kon-so'-she-a-ted^'p^. ot Q.. United; asso¬ ciated in a body. OoKsocTATiON, kon-so-she-a'-sh\in, s. Intimate union of persons; fellowship; companionship. CoNsociATioNAL, konso-ske-a’-shun-ul^ a. Pertaining to consociation. CoNsoLABLB, kon~sole’-&-bl, a. That may be consoled, or admits of comfort. CoNsoLATBj^ kon'‘So-late, v.a. To comfort; to console. Consolation , Aons. Comfort; alleviation of misery, or mental distress; mitigation of suffering; that which comforts or refreshes the spirits; the cause of comfort. ConsOlator, kon-so-la'-tur, s. A comforter; one who comforts. Consolatory, ko7i-sol'-d~to-re, a. Tending to give com¬ fort. —± 8. A speech or writing containing topics of com¬ fort. Console, kon-sole', v.a. To comfort; to soothe the mind in distress or depression; to alleviate grief; to give contentment by relieving from distress. Console, kon'-sole, s. In arch., a bmcket, often in the form of the letter 6, to simport a comice, &c. Consoled, kon-sole’d', pp. Comforted; cheered. Consoler, kotuso'-ler, s. One who gives comfort; a comforter. Consolidant, kon-soV-e~dant, a. Having the quality of unfUng wounds, or forming new flesh. — 8. A medicine that heals or unites wounds or frac¬ tures. CoNsoLTrA-TE, ko7i-soV-e-date, v.a. To form into a com¬ pact and solid body; to unite; to combine; to harden or make dense and firm; to unite the parts of a broken bone, or the lips of a wound, by means of applica¬ tions; to unite two parliamentary bills, or combine several benefices, into one. — v.n. To grow firm and hard; to unite and become solid. — a. Formed into a solid mass; fixed; settled. Consolidated, ko7i-soV-e-da-ted, pp. or a. Made solid or compact; united.—The Co7isolidatcdFimd is a term applied to a fund formed from certain portions of the united revenue of Great Britain and Ireland, which is appropriated to the payment of the general taxes of the country. Consolidation, ko7i-sol-e-da'-sh7in, s. The act of uniting disjointed parts, or of forming them into a firm compact mass, or system; the uniting of several things into one body. CoNsoLiDATiVB, ko7i-soV~e-d&-tiv, a. Tending to con¬ solidate; having the quality of healing, or rendering compact. Consols, koii'-sols, s.pl. A term applied to that portion of the national debt which foims the three per cent, annuities^ granted at different times, and at last co 7 i- solidated into one slock or fund. Consonance, kon'-so-7ia7u, ) s. Accord or agreement CoNsoNANCY, Ao7i'-so->ian-se, j of sounds; an accord of musical sounds simultaneously produced; the agree¬ ment of one thing with another; unison of views and feelings; agreement; accord; unison; congruity; agrecableness. Consonant, Ao7i'-so-7mn<, a. Sounding together; har¬ monious ; in perfect accordance. — s. A letter of the alphabet (as d or g) which cannot be sounded without the aia of a vowel conjoined therewith, whence the name originated. Consonantal, ko7t-so-7ia7it'-al, a. Relating to a con¬ sonant. Consonantly, ko7i'^so-7ia7it-le, ad. Consistently; in agreement. Consonantness, ko7i'-8o-nafit-tie$, s. Agreeableness; consistency. CoNsoNous, ko7i'-so-nns, a. Agi*eeing in sound; sym- phonious. Co»soPiATE,J kon-so'-pe-ate, v.a. To lull asleep. CoNsoPiATiON,$ ko7i-so-pe-a*-sh7i7i, s. A lulling asleep. CoN80PiTE,t kon'-so-pit, v.a. To compose; to lull to sleet* — + a. Calm; composed. Consort, ko7V-sawri,8,. A companion, a partner, an intimate associate; a wife or husband. Union ; con¬ junction ; concurrence. A number of instruments played together.—In 7iavigatio7\, any vessel keeping company with another.— Queeii co7isort, the wife of a king, as distinguished from a quecTi regent. Consort, ko7i-sa7»rtf, y. n. To associate with; to keep company. — v.a. To join; to marry; to unite in company. CoNsoRTABLEjt kon-sawrt'-d-hl , a. Suitable. Consorted,- f ko7i-sawrt'-ed, pp. of the verb to co7isort. CoNsoRTioNjJ kon-satcr'-shun, s. Fellowship. Consortship, kmi'-saxort-ship, s. Fellowslup; partner¬ ship ; a state of union. CoNSPECTAJBLEjt kon-spek'-th-hl , a. Easy to be seen. ConspectioNjJ ko7i-spek'-shun, s. A beholding. CONSPBCTUITY.^ S. Sight; view. Conspectus, kon-speK-tus, s. A general view; an abstract, or sketch. CoNspicuiTTj-t kon-spe-ku*-e-te, s. Conspicuousness brightness. Conspicuous, ko7i-spikf-xi-us, a. Obvious to the sight*, easy to be seen; manifest; obvious to the mind; clearly known or understood; eminent; distin¬ guished; prominent; celebrated. Conspicuously, kon-spik'-u-us-le, ad In a conspicuous manner; obviously; eminently. Conspicuousness, kon-spik'-u-us-7ies, s. Exposure to the view; state of being visible at a distance; emi¬ nence ; fame; celebrity; renown; slate of Doing extensively known. CoNSPiRAOT, kon-spi7''-&-se, s. A combination of several persons for an evil purpose, or an agreement to commit some crime in concert; a plot or cabal.—In lato, an agreement between two or more persons falsely and maliciously to indict an innocent person for alleged felony. CoNSPiRANT,-j-^on-spi'-ran^, a. Conspiring; plotting. Conspiration, ko7i-8pe-ra'-sh7(n, s. Conspiracy; agree¬ ment or concuiTcnce of things to one and the same end. Conspirator, ko7\-spir'-&’tor, a. One who conspires ; a plotter; one engaged in a plot to commit a crime. Conspire,/: on-spirc', v.n. To agree, by oath or other¬ wise, to commit a crime; to plot; to confederate; to hatch treason.—In laxo, to agree falsely and mali¬ ciously to charge an innocent person with felony. CoNSPiRBR, ko7i-spi'-rer, s. One who conspires or plots; a conspirator. Conspiring, ko7i-8pi'-ring, ppr. or a. Uniting or con¬ curring to one end; agreeing to commit a crime, plotting. CoNSPiRiNGLY, kon-8pV-7'i7ig-le, ad. In the manner of a conspiracy. CoNSPissATioN, ko7i-$pis-sa'-shu7i, 8. The act of making thick or viscous; viscidity. CoNSPURCATEjt kou-spnr'-knte, v.a. To defile. CoNSPURCATiON,t kou-spxir-ka'-shtm, s. The act of defiling; pollution. Constable, kxm'-std-bl, s. An officer charged with the preservation of the peace. In tlie monarchical estab¬ lishments of the middle ages the constable was a high functionary. At the present time there are in England high co7istables and pettg co7istables ; their duties are to keep the peace, and for this purpose they are invested with the power of arresting and im¬ prisoning, and of breaking open houses. They are invested also with powers to execute civil as well as criminal processes, and levy executions. But criminal processes are now generally executed by the police force of the county.—A special co7istable. is one who is appointed to act on special emergencies, as when the public peace is endangered. In London, the police force are appointed by direction of the Secretary of State, and sworn in as constables by the Commis¬ sioners of Police. CoNSTABLERY, ku7i'-st(i-Ucr-re, s. The jurisdiction of a constable. CONSTABLESHIP, kwi'-StA-hl-ship, 6. TllG OffiCG of Q constable. CoNSTABLEwicR,AT/7i'-sid-6LtctA:,8. The districtor furis- diction over which a constable’s power extends.* Constabulary, kvn-stub'-u-ld-re, a. Relating to oi consisting of constables. Constancy, ko7i'-sta7i-se, s. Unchangeableness- im- mutaWlity; unalterable continuance; permanency CONSTANT [ 207 J CONSUBSTANTIAL Ilniuiess of mind; perseTering resolution; unsliakeD determination ; lasting affection; stability in lore or friendship; certainty; veracity. . . Constant, kon'-stant, a. Fixed; firm; invariable; ' without change or alteration; immutable; firm in mind or principle; faithful in affection; certain; steady; without intermission. s In physics, that which remains unchanged or in¬ variable. Thus the laws of gravity, or the revolutions of the earth, arc constants in nature .—In math., a quan¬ tity which remains the same throughout a problem. Constantly, kon'-stant-le, ad. Firmly; steadily; in¬ variably; continually; pcrseveringly-, perpetually; incessantly. Constat, kon'-stat, s. Tlie exemplification, tinder the great seal, of the enrolment of any letters patent. Constellate, t kon’-stel-late, v.n. To shine with muted radiance, or one general light. — tv.a. To unite seyeral shining bodies m one splen¬ dour. . . , , Constellated,+ kon'-stel-la-ted, pp. of the verh to con¬ stellate. ,, . -- a. Set or adorned with stars or constellations. Constellation, kon-stel-la'-shun, s. An assemblage oi group of fixed stars, the constellations being divided into northern, southern, and zodiacal; an assemblage of splendours or excellences. Oonstern-ation, kon-stev na'-shun, s. Amazement, astonishment; surprise; a state of terror that con¬ founds the faculties, and incapacitates the mental faculties. „ Constipate, kon'-ste-pate, v.a. To crowd into a nprow compass; to thicken or condense; to make costive. Constipation , kon-ste-pa'-shun, s. The act of crow ding anything into a less compass; a pressing together; costiveness Constitekncy , kon-stilf -u-en-se, s. In political phraseo¬ logy, the whole body of constituents. CoNSTiTfENT, koii-stit'-u-ciit, a. Constituting ; neces¬ sary or essential, elemental; having the power of constituting or appointing .—Constituent Assonhly., a terra applied to the first national assembly of the French llevolution in 1788. — s. The person that fixes or constitutes anything; that which constitutes or composes an essential part; a term applied to those who elect a person to oflice as their representative; a voter for a member of Parlia¬ ment. _ Constitute, kon’-ste-tute, v.a. To put together; to cause to be; to set up; to establish; to give formal existence to, to form or compose; to make a thing what it is, to appoint, depute, or elect to an office or employment. ^ ^ ^ Constituted, kon-ste-tu'-ted, pp. of the verb to con¬ stitute.—The constituted authorities are the magistrates or governors of a nation, municipality, &c. Constitdter, k<>n-ste-tu'-ter, 8. One who constitutes or appoints. , Constitution, kon-ste-tu'-shwi, s. The act of con- stituting, or appointing; that form of being or structure of parts which constitutes a system or body; the frame or temper of mind; the affections or pas¬ sions.—In poZt«cs, the established form of government in a state or kingdom; a system of fundamental rules or principles for the government of a state or country.—In free states, like England and America, the constitution, or system by which all laws are enacted, Is paramount to the statutes enacted by the legislature, and limits and controls the power both of the executive and the legislature.—The cmisMuUona of the churches, the novel constitutions of Justinian, &c., are particular laws, or ordinances, made by the authority of some superior body, either ecclesiastical or civil. Constitutional, kon-ste-tit -stiun-al, r. Inherent in tue constitution or natural frame of body or mind ; con¬ sistent with the constitution; legal, or authorized by the constitution or fundamental rules of a govern¬ ment. , ^ Constitutionalism,$ kon-ste-tu'-shim-al-izm, s. con¬ stitutional principles or government. Constitutionalist,/ uOJi-sie-rii'-s/iwti-oZ-isf, > 8. An ad- CoNSTiTi^TioNisT, kon-ste-tu'-shuu-xst, ) herent to constitutional government, in opposition to the prin¬ ciples of despotism. Constitutionality, kon-ste-tu-shun-al'-e-te, 8. The state of being constitutional, as applied either to the body physical or polUical. Constitutionally, kon-ste-tu'-shun-al-e, ad. Accord¬ ing to the constitution or frame of government. Constitutive, kon' a. That constitutes, or composes anything ; elemental; having power to enact or establish. CoNSTiTUTivELY, titJ-Zc, ad. In a constitutive manner. Constrain, kon-strane', v.a. To strain or press; to bind, urge, or drive; to use force, either physical or moral; to urge with in-esistihle power; to confine or restrain by force; to necessitate. CoNSTRAJNABLE, kon-strane’-d-bl, a. That may be constrained, forced, or repressed; liable to con¬ straint. Constrained, kon-straynd', pp. of the verb to con¬ strain. Constrainedly, kon-strayn'-ed-le, ad. By constraint or compulsion. CoNSTRAiNER, kon-strayu'-er, s. One who constrains. Constraint, kon-straynf, s. Irresistible force, either physical or moral, which compels to act or to forbear, restraint, compulsion, or confinement. CoNSTRAiNTivE,-f kon-strayn’-tiv, a. Having power to compel or restrain. Constrict, kon-strikif, v.a. To bind, or draw together to cramp; to draw into a narrow compass. Constricted, kon-strikt'-ed, pp. of the verb to con¬ strict. Constriction, kon-strik'-shtin^ s. A contraction or drawing together by means ci' some inherent power, or by spasm, as in the constriction of a muscle or fibre. , . .av. Constrictive, kon-strik'-tiv, a. Binding; having the power to confine. Constrictor, kon-strik'-txir, s. That which contracts or draws together.—In anatomy, a muscle which draws together; as the constrictor lahrorum,ox muscle of the lips.—In geology, a species of serpent, as the Boa constrictor, and also a kind of black snake, com¬ mon in the Transatlantic States. CoNSTRiNGE, kon-stringc^, v.a. To draw together; to contract; to strain into a narrow compass. CoNSTRiNGEu, ko7i-strinjd', pp. of the verb to constringe. Constringent, kon-st7in'-jent, a. Having the quality of contracting or compressing. Construct, kon-strukt^, v.a. To build; to form; to put together the parts of a thing in their proper place and order; to devise and compose; to interpret or understand ; to originate or invent. Constructed, ko7i-strukt'-ed, pp. of the verb to con- CoNSTRUCTER,/coM-s(ruA:i'-er, s. One who constmets or Construction, kon-struk’-shmi, s. The act of building, or of devising and foiming; fabrication; the form of building, structure; conformation. — In grmnmar, the arrangement and connection of words in a sen tence; the rules of syntax.—In geometry, the con¬ struction of equations is the drawing of such lines and figures as are necessary to the solution oi a problem. , 4 . • • Constructional, kon-struk'-shun-al,^ a. Fertaining to construction; relating to the meaning. Constructive, kon-struk'-tiv, a. By construction ; not directly expressed, but inferred. Constructively , ad._ By way of con¬ struction or interpretation; by fair inference. CoNSTRocTivENEss, kon-struk'-tiv-nes, s. In phrenology, the faculty which leads to the formation of parts into a whole; the term applied to an organ situati'd at the lower part of the temple, about one inch and a hail from the eye. ^ ^ 4 . „ Constructor, kon-strukt'-er, 8 . One who constructs, a contriver. CoNSTRucTURE, kon-strukt'-yur, s. An edifice or fabric Construe, kon'-strew, v.a. To arrange words in their natural order; to reduce from a transposed to a natural order, so as to discover the sense of a sen¬ tence ; to translate ; to render mto English , to mtei- pret; to explain; to show the meanmg. Construed, kon'-strewd, pp. of the verb/o •^onsti^e. CONSTCPRATE, i 0 )i'-s<«-pro«e, Tji. To-nolate, ^ defile. CoNSTCPRATED, kon'-stu-pra-Ud, pP- constuprate. CoNSTUPRATiON, kon-stu-pra -shun, CoNsuBSisT, kon-suh-sist' , v.n. To exist CONSUBSTANTIAL, kuH-suh-stan -she-uC a. iTavin, Violation; dcflle- tlie CONSUBSTANTIALIST [ 208 ] CONTEMPLATE Kime substance or essence; of the san^e kind or natxire. CoNSPBSTANTiALisT, kon-sub-itaiV~she-al'isty 9. One tv ho believes in consubstantiatiou. CX)>fsuBSTANTiALiTY, kon-6nh~stan-she-aV-e-ie, s. The existence of more than one in the same substance; participation of the same nature. CoNsuBSTANTiATE, kon-sub-stan'-she-ate, v.a. To unite in one common substance or nature. — v.n. To profess consubstantiatiou. CoNsuBSTANTiATED, koii-sub-stan'-she-a-tetl, pp. "United in a common substance. VoNsuBSTANTiATioN, koTi-mh-stan-she-a'-shuiij 8. The doctrine of the Lutheran church, which maintains that the body of Jesus Christ is xmited with the sacramental elements after their consecration. CoJisuETUDE, kon'-Bwe-tewd, s. Custom; usage. Consuetudinary, kon-sice-tew'-de-nct-rey a. Customary Consul, kon'-suly s. The supreme ma^^istrate of the ancient Roman republic, who was invested with regal authority for one year; a chief magistrate among the French duiing their revolution, in imita¬ tion of the Romans; a person commissioned by a king or state to reside in a foreign country as an agent or representative, to protect the rights, com¬ merce, merchants, and seamen of the state. general is an officer appointed for several places, over different consuls. CoNsuLAOE, kon'-sul-ajey s. A duty laid on imports and exports by the consul of a port. Consular, kon'-su-lary a. Relating to a consul. Consulate, kon'-sul-ate, ) s. The office or residence Consulship, ) of a consul; the jurisdic¬ tion or extent of liis authority, or the term of Ids office. Consult, Aon-swZi', v.n. To take counsel together; to seek the opinion or advice of another; to consider with deliberation. — v.a. To ask advice of; to seek the opinion of another, as a guide to one’s own judgment; to decide or to act in favoui* of; as, to consult one’s ease. s. The act of consulting; the effect of consultation; etermination. Consultation, A:on-5te s. In a ge7\cral seyise, self- command ; the restraint ONTINENCY , KOn ..... v which a person imposes upon his passions; chastity, forbearance of lewd xiloasures; J continuity. pNTiNENT, ko}x'-te-7ie7it, a. Chaste; abstaining from the indulgence of sexual intercourse; moderate in the indulgence of lawful pleasure; temperate; t con¬ tinuous; not interrupted. -s. In geography, a great extent of land, not dis- ioined or interrupted by a sea; a connected tract of land of great extent; as, the eastern and wcsteni contineyit, the former containing Eiirope, Asia, and Africa, and the latter North and South America, ad. In a continent manner; chastely. , . loNTiNGEj-i- ko7x-tmj/, V.a. To touch : to happen. loNTiNGENCE, la. The state of tiein? Contingency, kon-tiTx'-jeix-se., ] contingent or casual; fi CONTIIf&EFT [ 210 ] COlfTEADIOTOEINEgS h*jppeiiing; or tne possibility of coming to pass; a fortuitous event; casualty; accident. Contingent, kon-tm'-jent. a. Falling or coming 'with¬ out design or expectation ; accidental; casual; for¬ tuitous.—In law, that which depends on an un¬ certain event. — s. A fortuitous event; that which comes without our design or expectation; that which falls to one in a division or apportionment among a number; a quota; a suitable share; proportion. CoNTiNOENTL-v, kon~tin'~jent-le, ad. Accidentally; without design or foresight. CoNTiNGENTNESs.J kon-tiu'-jent-ncs, s. The state of being contingent. C 0 NTINUA.BLE, Kon-tin'-xi-&-bl. a. That may he con¬ tinued. Continual, kon-tin^-u-al, a. Proceeding without inter¬ ruption or cessation; not intermitting; very fre¬ quent ; often repeated; perpetual; constant; unceas¬ ing; incessant. CoNTiNtJALLy, ko7i-tm'-u-al~le, ad. Without pause or cessation; unceasingly; very often; constantly; in¬ cessantly ; perpetually. CoNTiNDALNEss,+ kon-tin'-u-ol-nes, s. Peniianence. Continuance, kon-tin'~u-anse, s. The remaining in a particular state ; duration ; a state of lasting ; per¬ severance ; succession uninterrupted; continuity; t resistance to a separation of parts. CoNTiNDATE,^: kou-tin'-u-ate, v.a. To join closely to¬ gether. —t a. Closely united, holding together; uninter¬ rupted ; unbroken. CoNTiNUATELY,t^o7i-^»n'-ti-a^tf-Ze, ad. With continuity ; without interruption. Continuation, kon-tin~\t-a'-shun, s. Extension of ex¬ istence in a series or line; prolongation; continuance; ^ extension; extension or carrying on to a further point; extension in space; a carrying on in length. CoNTiNUATivE, kou-tin*-u-u-tiv, a. That which con¬ tinues or endures. CoNTiNUATO, kon-tin-oo~&'-to, ad. (Ital.) Continuously. —In music, a term implying that the sound is to he continued or sustained with an unvaried force. CoNTiNUATOR, kon-tin-u-a'-tov, s. One who continues or keeps up a series or succession. Continue, v.n. To remain in any place; to abide for any time indefinitely; to last; to endure; to be permanent; to persevere; to be stedfast in any course. — v.a. To protract; to extend from one thing to another; to produce or draw out in length; to per¬ severe in. Continued, a. Drawn out; protracted; extended in length; extended in time without inter¬ mission ; proceeding without cessation; uninter¬ rupted; unceasing. CoNTiNUEDLY^ koii-tin'-yucd-le ad. Without inter¬ ruption ; without ceasing. Continuer, koii-tin'-yu»er, s. One who continues, or has the power of perseverance. Continuing, kon-tin'-xyu-ing, a. Permanent. Continuity, koti-te-new'-e-te, s. Uninterrupted con¬ nection ; cohesion; close union of parts; unbroken texture.—In physics, the law of continuity is the principle that nothing passes from one state into another without passing through all the intermediate states. Continuous, kon-tin’-yu-xis, a. Conjoined without in¬ tervening space. Continuously, kon-tin'-yu-us le, ad. In continuation; without interruption. CONTORNIATI, kon-tawr'-xie-d^-tc, s.pl. (Ital.) In numis¬ matics, a species of bronze medals, with a curved furrow on each side. Contort, kon-tawrt', v a. To twist together; to writhe. Contorted, kon-tawrt!-td, a. Twisted over each other in oblique directions. Contortion, kon-tawr'-shun, s. A twisting; a writh¬ ing; a wresting.—In medicine, a twisting or wresting of a limb or member of tne body out of its natur^ situation; partial dislocation, &c. Contortiousness,-! kon-tawr'-shus-nes, s. The state of being contorted. Contour, kon- toor', s. The outline; the line that bounds, defines, or terminates a figure. CoNTouRNiATED, kon-toor'-ne-a-ted, a. Having edges appearing as if turned in a lathe. I Contra, kon'-ira. A Latin preposition, signifying against, or tn opposition, which enters into the com¬ position of many English words. Contraband, kon'-tra^and, a. Prohibited; contrary to ban or edict, thus Contraband goods are such aj are prohibited to be imported or exported, either by the laws of a particular kingdom or state, or by the law of nations. — s. Traific prohibited by law; the prohibition of trading in goods contrary to the laws of a state or of nations. —t v.a. To import goods prohibited. Contrabandist, ko7i'-trd-ban-dist, s. One who traffics illegally. Contra-basso, kon'-trd-ba^-so, s. The largest kind of bass’-viol, usually called the double bass. Contract, kon'-trdkt, s. An agreement or covenant between two or more persons; a bargain; a compact, the act by which a man and woman are betrothed to each other; the writing which contains the agree¬ ment of parties, with the terms and condiuons; a covenant, agreement, or compact. Contract, kon-trakV, v.a. To draw together or nearer, to draw into a less compass; to wrinxle; to betroth; to reduce to narrower limits; to shorten, abridge or epitomize. — v.n. To shrink; to become shorter or narrower; to bargain. Contracted, kon-trak'-ted, pp. of the verb to contract. — a. Drawn together; narrow; mean; selfish. Contractedly, kon-trak'-ted-le, ad. In a contracted manner. Contractedness, koxi-trak!-ted-nes, s. The state of being contracted; narrowness; meanness. Contractibility, kon-irak-te-biV-e-te, s. Possibility of being contracted; quality of suffering contraction.. Contractible, kon-trak'-te-bl, a. Capable of contrac tion. Contracttbleness, kon-trak!-te-hl-nes, s. The quality of suffering contraction j contractibility. Contractile, kon-trak'-til, a. Tending to contract; ha'ving the power of shortening, or of drawing into smaller dimensions. Contractility, kon-trak-tiV-e-te, s. The inherent quality or force by which bodies shrink or contract. Contracting, kon-trak'-ting, a. Making or having made a contract or treaty; stipulating. Contraction, kon-trak!-shun, s. The act of shortening, narrowing, or lessening; the state of being con¬ tracted.—In grammar, the shortening of a word, by tbe omission of a letter or syllable. Contractor, kon-trak'-tur, s. One who contracts, or covenants to do anything for another; to perform any work or service for the public, at a certain price or rate. Contra-dance, kon'-trd-dans, s. A dance in which the partners are arranged in opposition, or in opposite lines. Contradict, A:on-frd-diA:f', v.a. To oppose verbally; to affirm the contrary to what has been asserted; to be directly contrary to; to oppose, deny, resist, or im¬ pugn. Contradicted, hon-tr&-dik!’ted, pp. of the verb to contradict. Contradicting, ^o?i-fra-dti'-^in^,ppr. and a. Affir ming the contrary to what has been asserted. Contradiction, kon-trci-dik!-shun, s. An assertion con¬ trary to what has been affirmed; denial; direct opposition or repugnancy; inconsistency with itself. Contradictional^: kon-tr&-dik'-shun-al, a. Incon¬ sistent. Contradictious, kon-tra-dik'-shus, a. Filled with con¬ tradictions; inconsistent; inclined to contraoict; op* posite. Contradicti^jusness, kon-trd-diV-shxis-nes, s. Incon¬ sistency; contrariety to itself; disposition to con¬ tradict or cavil. CoNTRADiCTivE, kou-tra-dik!-txv, a. Containing con¬ tradiction. CoNTRADiCTiVELT, kon-tr&-dik'-tiv-le, ad. By contra¬ diction. Contradictor, kon-tra-dik'-tur, s. One who contradicts, or offers opposition. Contradictorily, kon-trd-dik'-tur-e-le, ad. In a con¬ tradictory manner. Contradictoriness, kon-t^'d-dik'-tur-e-nes. s. Direct opposition ; contrariety in assertion or effect. OONTRADICTOEIOUS [ 211 ] CONTEOL «KTRAifnrroRiotr8,+ kon-tra-ciik~to'-re-uSf a. Con- tradictoi-y. , , ^ CoNTRADicTORioxJSLYjt kon-tra-dik-to'-re-us-‘le,Q.a. Con¬ tradictorily. Contradictory, kon^trA-dik'-tur-e, a. Affirming the contrai 7 ; inconsistent; opposite; contrary. .— 8. A proposition which denies or opposes another in all its terms; contrariety. CoNTRADisTiNCT, kon-trA-dis^tiiikt'f a. Distinguished by opposite qualities. Contradistinction, ko7i~trA-di8-tink'~8h'un, s. Distinc¬ tion by opposite qualities. CoNTRADiSTiNCTivE, kon-trA-dis-tmk^-tiv, a. Distin¬ guishing by opposites. Contradistinguish, kon-trA-dis-ting'-gtvish, v.a. To distinguish by opposite qualities. Contrafissure, kon-trA-Jish'-tire, 8. In surgery, a fissure or fracture in the cranium, on the side opposite to that which receiyed the blow. Contrahent,+ kon'-tra-hent, a. Contracting. Contra-indicant, kon-trA-in'-de^kanty s. In pathology, a synvpton that forbids the treatment of a disorder according to the usual practice. Contra-indicate, kon-trA-in'-de~kate, v.a. In medicme, to indicate some method of cure, contrary to the usual treatment. Contra-indicated, ko7i-t7'A-in'-de-ka~ted, pp. of the verb to contra-ijxdicate. Contra-indication, kon-tvA~in-de-ka'-shun, s. In pa¬ thology, an indication, from some peculiar symptom or fact, that forbids the usual mode of medic^ treat¬ ment. Contralto, koti-traV-to, s. In music, the part imme¬ diately below the treble; called, also, the cotinter tenor CoNTRAMURB, kon'-trA-mur, s. In fortificatiem, an outer wall. CoNTRANATURALjt kou-ti'A-nat'-yu-rdl, a. Opposite to nature. CoNTRANiTENCT, koix-trA-ni'-ten-se, s. Deaction; re¬ sistance to force. Contrapose, + kon-tx'A-posef, v.a. To set in opposition. CONTRA-PosiTiONjA:on-trdi-jyo-»2s7t'-u7i,s. A placing over against; opposite position. Contrapuntal, kon-trA-pun'-tal, a. Peitaining to counterpoint. Contrapuntist, kon-trA-pun'-tist, s. One shilled in counterpoint. Contra-REGULARITY, kon-trA-reg-u-lar'-e-te, s. Con¬ trariety to rule, or to regularity. CoNTRARiANT,+A:o7i-^rd/-ra-eni, a. Contradictory; in¬ consistent. Contraries, kon'-tx'A-riz, s.pl. Things of opposite na¬ tures or qualities. — In logic, propositions which destroy each other. Contrariety, kon-trA-ri'-e-te, s. Opposition in fact, essence, or principle; inconsistency; discrepancy; repugnance. CoNTRARiLY, 7cow'-ird-re-Ze, ) ad. In an opposite CoNTRARiousLY, Aon-irn'-re-MS-Ztf, j manner; in oppo¬ site ways. I Contrariness, kon-tra'-re-nes, s. Contrariety; oppo- i sition. CoNTRARious, kon-tra'-rc-us, a. Contrary, opposite; repugnant. CoNTR.ARiwisE, koii-tra'-re-wise, Q.A.. On the contrary; oppositely. Contra-rotation, kon’-trA-ro-ta'-sJnin, s. Circular motion in a direction contrary to some other circular motion. Contrary, kon'-tvA-rey a. Acting against or in an oppo¬ site direction; contradictory; adverse; repugnant; hostile; inconsistent. ~ 8. A thing of opposite qualities; a proposition con¬ trary to another. — ad. In an opposite manner, the injective being sometimes used for the adverb contrarily. Contrast, kon'-trast, s. Opposition or dissimilitude of things or qualities; or the placing of opposite things in view, to exhibit the superior excellence of one to more advantage.—In painting and sculpture, an oppo¬ sition or dissimilitude of figures, &c. Covtrast, kc, a nrtddle part between the tenor and treble; contralto. Contrate-wheel, kon'-t7'ate-hweel,8,. In ivaichicork,^ wheel, the teeth of which lie contrary to those of the other wheels, or parallel to the axis. Contravallation, kon-tra-val-la'-shnn, s. In fortifica- tio7i, a trench guarded with a parapet, formed by the besiegers between their camp and the place besieged, to secure themselves from the sallies of tlie garrison. Contravene, kon-trA-vene', v.a. To oppose; to obstruct to contradict, set aside, or nullify. Contravened, ko7i-trA-vee7id', pp. of the verb U contra- ve7ie. CoNTRAVENER, kon-trA-v^-Jier, s. One who opposes or obstructs. Contravention, ko7i-irA-ven'-shun, s* Opposition; ob¬ struction. CoNTRAVERsioN, ko7i-t7'A-ver*-8hun, s. A turning to the opposite side. ContrayervA, kon-trA-yer'-vA, s. Literally, an antidote, the root of Dorsteyiia co7itraye7‘va; the popular name of several South American herbaceous plants, whose roots are sometimes used in medicine. CoNTRE-BASSE, koii'-tr-bas, 8. In music, a double bass. CoNTRECTATiON,t kon-tvek-ta'-shun, s. A touching ot handling. CoNTRE-DANSE. (Fr.l See Country-dance. Contretemps, koji- ir-to7ig', s. (Fr.) An unexpected accident, which throw's everything into confusion. CoNTRiBUTABLE, kon-trib'-u-tA-bl, a. That can be con¬ tributed. Contributary, ko7i-trib'-u-tA-re, a. Paying tribute to the same sovereign. Contribute, kon-trib'-ute, v.a. To give to a common stock, or for a common purpose; to pay a share — v.n. To give a part; to have a share in any act or effect; to administer, promote, or forward. Contributed, kun-t7'ih'-xi-Ud, pp. of the verb to contri¬ bute. Contribution, kon-tre-hu’-shxm,^,. The act of promot¬ ing some design in conjunction with other persons, the payment of each man’s sliare of some common expense, impositions paid by a frontier country to secure themselves from being plundered by an enemy's army. CoNTRiBTTTivE, kon-trib'-u-tiv, a. Tending to contri¬ bute ; having the power or quality of giving a portion of aid or iiitluence. Contribctor, kfm-trib'-u-Uir, s. One who contributes , one who gives or pays money to a common object. Contributory, kon-trilZ-u-Uir-e, a. Contrihuiing to the same stock or purpose; promoting the same end. CoNTRisTATEjj ko7i-tris'-tate, v.a. To make sorrowful. CoNTRisTATioN,+ kon-tris-ta'-shuji, s. The act of making sad ; a state of sorrow. Contrite, ko7i'-trite, a. Literally, worn or bruised, broken-hearted for sin; repentant; humble; sorrow¬ ful. Contritely, kon-trite'-le, ad. In a contrite or penitent manner. Contriteness, kon-trit^-nes, s. Deep sorrow and peni¬ tence for sin. Contrition, kon-trish'-un, s. Literally, the act _ of grinding or rubbing to powder. Deep sorrow Spr sin; repentance, penitence, or humiliation. Contriturate, kon-trif-u-rate, v.a. To pulverize or reduce to small particles. Contriv able, kon-tri'-vA-bl, a. That may be contrived, capable of being planned or devised. Contrivance, kon-tri'-vans, s. The act of inventing or planning; the thing invented or planned; device or plan; scheme, invention, project, or desi^.^ Contrive, kon-trive’, v.a. To frame or devise some¬ thing ; to invent, discover, plan, or project. — v.n. To plan, scheme, or devise- Contrived, kon-trive'd', pp. or a. Invented; planned. CoNB^TVEMENTj-f kon-t7'iv^-ment, s. Contrivance; in¬ vention. OoNTRivvR ko7%-tri'-ver,s. One Who plans or devises, an invciki;>r; a schemer. Control, kon-troW Kestraint; power; authority; government; comma*.* — v.a. To keep under chb'*-k bv a counter register or double account; to place wkeep under restraint, to have under command and direction; to restrain, rule, govern, or direci. COITTEOLLABLE [ 212 ] COEVEE3AICT Conthollable, kon-tro!g'-d bl, a. Subject to control; that may be controlled, checked, or restrained. OoNTaoLLED, kon-troU'd', pp. of the verb to control. CoNTROLt.Ea, kon-trole'-er, s. One who controls or restrains; one wiio lias the authority to govern; an officer appointed to keep a counter-register of accounts, or to oversee, control, or verify the accounts of other officers. CoNTROLLERSHiP, kon-troW-ef-shipy s. The office of a controller. CoNTROLMENTjt kou-troW -Went , s. Tlx* power or act Of controlling; control; restraint. CoNTKOVERSAiiY.$ kon-tro-cer'-s&~re, a. Disputatious. CoNTROvERSE,^ fion'-tro-vcrse, s. Controversy, v.a. To dispute. CoNmovERsot;!} ^ disputant. Controversial, kon-tro-ve/shaly a. Kelatiug to dis¬ putes. Controversialist, kon-fro-ver'-shal-isty s. One who carries on a controversy; a literary disputant. Controversially, kon-tro-ver'-shal-le, ad. In a con¬ troversial manner. CoNTHovERSioN, kon-tro-ver*-8hun, s. Act of contro¬ verting. Controversy , Aon'-^ro-t’57'-se, s. Disputation; a debate bet\veen parties, particularly in writing; contest, debate, or disputation. Controvert, fcon'-iro-veri, v.a. To dispute, to oppose by reasoning; to contend against in words or writ¬ ings; Controverted, kon-tro-vei'^-ted, pp. or a. Disputed; opposed in debate. Controverter, koii-tro-ver'-ter, s. One who contro¬ verts ; a controversial writer. Controvertible, kon-tro-vcii''-te-hly a. That may be disputed; disputable; not too evident to exclude difference of opinion. Controvertibly, kon~tro-ver'-te-bley ad. In a contro¬ vertible manner. CoNTROvERTisT, koii-tro-ver'-tisty s. One W'ho contro¬ verts ; a disputant. Contumacious, a. Stubborn; obstinate; perverse; proud; haughty; headstrong; opposing rightful authority with pride and stubbornness.—In law, wilfully disobedient to the orders of the court. Contumaciously, kon-tu-ma'-shus-le, ad. Obstinately; stubbornly. Contumaciousness, kon-tu-ma'-shiis-ncsy s. Obstinacy; perverseness. Contumacy, s. Stubbornness; perverse¬ ness; haughtiness.—In law, a wilful contempt and disobedience to any lawful summons. Contumelious, kon-tu-me'-le-us, a. Hauglitily re¬ proachful, or sarcastic; disposed to utter reproach, or to insult; insolent; proudly rude; roproachiul; shameful. CoNTUMELiousLY, koH-tii-nie'-le-us-le, ad. In a con¬ tumelious manner; with pride and contempt. CoNTUMELiousNESs. kon-hi-m<^-le-us-nes, s. Keproach; rudeness; contempt. Contumely, s. Rude or haughty reproach; contemptuousness; insolence. CoNTUMULATE,+ kon-tu'-mu-'lcite, v.a. To bury in the same grave. Contumulation, kon-tu'-Diu-lct-shun, s. The act of interring in or consigning to the same, grave. Contind,4 koii-tund'y v.a. To beat; to bruise by beating. Contuse, Aon-fare', v.a. To beat; to bruise; to injure the tle.'^h without breaking the skin. Contused, kon-tuze'd' , pp. or a. Bruised. Contusion, kon-iu'-zhun, s. A bruise; the act of beat¬ ing and bruising, or the state of being bruised.—In surgery, a hurt or injury to the flesh or some part of the body, by a blunt instrument, or by a fall, without apparent wound. CoNULAUiA, kon~u-la'-rc~dy s. A genus of fossil shells of a conical or pyramidal shape. _ Conundrum, kou-uu^-druiu, s. A sort of riddle; a quibble; a low’jest. Conus, Ajo'-ums, 8 . In bot.,a. conical mode of inflores- Co^Nus.^ELE,t kon'-n-8d-bl, a. Liable to be tried or judged. Conusance, t A'oa'-n-sa»5, s. Cognizance; knowledge; notice. u iant, a. Knowing; having notice of. Convalesce, kon-vti-les', v.a-. To recover health.. Contalescenob, kon-vd~le8^-en$, ) s. Renewal 0 / CoNVALEscENCY, f health; tlie in¬ sensible recovery of health and strength after di.scase. Convalescent, kon-vd-lesf-ent, a. Recovering health and strength after sickness or debility. CoNVALLARi.A, koii-val-M-re-d, s. The niy of the valiey, of the natural order Liliacea. Convection, kon-vek'-shun, s. The act of carrying or conveying. CoNVENABLE, koH v(/-7i&-bl, sl. That may be convened or assembled. Convene, kon-vene', v.n. To meet; to assemble; to come together in the same place. — v.a. To cause to assemble; to call together; to con¬ voke. Conveneb, kon-veend', pp. of the verb to convene. Convener, kon-ve'-ner, s. One who calls an assembly together; the chairman of an organized body, as a committee. Convenience, kon-ve'-ne-ens, ) s Fitness; suitaK-e- CoNVENiENCY, A:o/i-pe'-7ie-e«-5e, ( ness; coinmodious- ness; ease; freedom from difficulty; accommodation, that wliich is suited to wants or necesaity ; fitness of time or place. Convenient, a. Fit; suitable; adapted; commodious. Conveniently, ko7i-ve'-ne~ent~le, ad. Fitly; suitably, with adaptation to the object in view. Convening, kon-ve'-ning, s. The act of coming to¬ gether. Convent, kon'-vent, s. An assembly of persons devoted to religion; an abbey; a monastery; a nunnery. Convent, t kon-ventf, v.a. To call before a judge or judicature. —t v.n. To meet; to concur. CoNVENTEDjt koyi-ven'-ted, pp. SummoTued. Conventicle, kon-ven'-te-klyS. An assembly or meeting, sometimes applied by way of contempt to the meet¬ ings of religious sectaries; a secret assembly or cabal; a iheetiiig for plots. — v.n. To belong to a conventicle. Conventicler, kon’Ven'-te-kler,s. One who frequents conventicles. Convention, kon-ven'-shun, s. The act of coming to¬ gether; union; coalition; an assembly; a contract, an agreement between military commanders previous to a definitive treaty. Conventional, kon-cen'-shuyt-al, ) a. Settled by stipu- CoNVENTioNARY, kon~ven'-shun-d-re, ] lation, or fonned by agreement. Conventionality, kon-ven-shtm-nV-e-ie, s. A conven¬ tional mode of living and acting. Conventionally, kon-ven'-uhtin-al-le, ad. By tacit agreement. Conventionalism, kon-von'-shnn-al-ism, s. That W'hich is received or established by tacit agreement. Conventioner, kon-oeyL'-ahun-er, s. One who belongs to a convention. Conventionist, koji-ven’-shim-isty s. One wTio makes a contract. Conventual, kon-ven'-tchu-al, a. Belonging to a con¬ vent; monastic. — s. One w'ho lives in a convent; a monk or nun. Converge, kon-verf, v.n. To tend to one point; op¬ posed to diverge. Convergence, tcon-ver'-jens, ] s. The quality of con- CoNVEROENCY, j verging; tendency to one point. Convergent, hon-ver'-jent, a. Tending to one point. Converging, kon-verj'-ing, ppr. or a.' Tending to one point; approaching each other.—In opiUs, convn-gii.g 1/5 are those rays of light which proceed from'dif- ferent points of an object, and tend toward a .single point. — In math., a converging series is that in wiiicli the magnitude of the several terms gradually diminishes. Conversable, kon-ver'-sii-hl, a. Disposed to converse inclined to mutual communication of thoughts; soci¬ able ; free in discourse. Conversableness, A:o7i-ue>*'-5d-6Z-?ie5, s. Freedom in con¬ versation ; sociability. Conversably, kon-ver'-sA-bUy ad. In a conversable manner. Conversance, A:on'-uer-5o/jrf>, (s Disposition to asso- Conversancy, fcon'-rt-r-Min-ae, I ciate- hab'l of famih* arity. CONVERSAIIT [ 213 ] COEVOT CiSVERaiNT.ton'-fer-san^ a. Ilavina much converse, intercourse, or familiarity with men or things. C<^VBRSAMII,T, kon'-ver-sant-le, ad. In a conversant CkSv^RsIiioN, kon-ver-sa’-shun, s. FaiuUiar discourse; general interchange of sentiments; opposed to a formal conference ; Intercourse; communion, fami¬ liarity ; discourse; dialogue; intimate fellowship or association; commerce in social life. „ , , , CoNVBRSATioifAL, koti-ver-sa‘ShuH-al, &. Pertamm^ to conversation; interchanging sentiments in mutual OoNVERSATioNii.iST, kon-ver-sa’-sMm-al-tst, 1 s. One who CoNVRRSiTioNisT, koii-ver-so -shun-tst, ) excels in C^yIS^tfwl'ko,i-ver'-sk-tiv, a. Relating to an inter- CosvEasMioNB, kon-ver-sat-ze-o'-ne, s. A meeting for convoEsation, gonerally on literary topics. . Converse Jcon-vers', v.n. To hold conversation, or have interc^^ with; to convey thoughts recipro- callv; to associate, commune, or discourse Converse, s. Conversation; free iiiterchan„e of thoughts or opinions; acquaintance customary intercourse ; Aic? logic, the converse of a proposition is tliat which arises from interchangmg the terms.—In math., an inverted proposition. -a. Opposite or reciprocal. Conversely, kon-vers'-le, ad. With change of order, in a contrary order; reciprocally. Conversion, kon-ver'-sh^tn, s. Change from another; transmutation.—In theol., a change of heart, or dispositions, succeeded by ^ ^ change from one religion to another; the act of appi o- . prialing to private use.-In algebra, conversion of equations is the reduction of a fractional equation into an integral one. Conversive, kon-ver'-siv, a. Conversable. Convert, feoa'-veri, v.a. To change from one state to another; to change or turn from one religion or sect to another; to change the lieartand moral chaiactcr, to appropriate or apply to one’s own use, or per¬ sonal benefit ; to change one proposition into another. - V u To turn or be changed ; to undergo a change. ConVert, kon^-vert, s. A person converted from one opinion or practice to another, or who renounces one creed or religious system for another. Converted, pp. of the verb to coay«ri. Converter, kon-ver'-ter, s. One who converts; one who makes converts. ^ , ■t.x Convertibility, kon-ver-te-hil-e-,e, s. The capabUity of being converted or changed from one substance form, or state, to another. __ Convertible, fcoii-yer'-te-feZ, a. That may be changed, susceptible of change; transmutable; transfomiable Convertibleness, kon-ver’-te-bl-nes,^. ConvertibiMy. CoNVBRTiBLY, kon-ver'-te-ble, ad. Recipiocally; with interchange of tenns. CoNVERTiTEji hon-ver'-tite, s. A convert. Convex, koJ-veks, a, Uising or swelling on the ex¬ terior surface into a spherical or round form; gib¬ bous ; opposed to concave^ CoNVEtunTlW-S,' a. Made convex; protuberant in a spherical form. - ^ CoNVEXEULV, ioa-vcis'-ed-iE, ad. In a COTvex fo™. Convexity, ifeoli-yefcs'-e-te, Is. 8pheiicit> of form CoNVEXNESs,A:o»i-yeA;s'-«es,j on the outside; round- Coi^exlt, kon'-veks-le, ad. In a convex form. Convexo-concave, kon~veki^-o-koji-kave,a. Convex on one side, and concave, or hollow, on the other. Convexo-convex, ko7i-vek^~o-kon'-vex, a. Convex on Convexo-plane, kon-vek^~ 0 ‘pl&ne, a. Convex on oij»e side, and plain on the other. _ ^ « Convey, fcon-r^,v.a. To carry or transport from one place to another; to transmit; to transfer; to pass a title to anything fi*om one person to another, as by deed, assignment, or otherwise; to impart; to com¬ municate. —$ v Ji. To play the thief. C 0 N\T?YABLE, koii-va'~&-bl, &. That may be conveyed or transferred. Conveyance, ko?i-va'~ans, s. veying; the transmittin The act or means of Con¬ or transferring of titles veying; uie ui waiioicu estates, or claims, from one person to anrthor; assign¬ ment; the instrument or means of passing a thing from place to place, or person to person. Conveyancer, K07i-va'-an-ser, s. One whose occupa¬ tion is to draw conveyances of property, deeds, &c. Conveyancing, kon-va'~anS'ing, s. The act or practice of drawing deeds, leases, or other writings for trans¬ ferring the title to property from one person to another. ^ , Conveyed, ko7i-vade\ pp of the verb to convey. Conveyer, kon-va'-er, s. One who cimvejs, he or that which conveys, carries, transports, transmits, or transfers from one person or place to another; a jug- CoNviciKiTvf s. Neigbbourhood; vici- ConvTct, kon-oikt’. v.a. To prove guilty ; to determins ^ or decide the guilt of a person charged with crime, to convince of sin; to sliow by proof or evidence; to confute, convince, or confound. — pp. for convicted. Troved or found guilty. Convict, kon^-vikt, s. A person proved or foand guilty of a crime alleged against him ; maleuictor Convicted, kon-Vikf-ed, pp. or a. lro%ed or deter mined to be guilty of a crime. CoS“iCTioN, kon-ok-shim, s. The act of proymg a nersou guilty of an o&nce charged against hun llfore a^fegal trihunal ;.the act of convTncuig; the act of convincing of sin or sinfulncos, the state of being sensible of guilt; confutation ; strong beUef, nn the around of satistactory evidence. Coxvic'^fr”" kon-vik’-ti«, a. Having the power to Cor^ixivEEV.TVofiii'-tlc-iE, ad. in a convincing C 0 NvmTivENE 3 S,+ kon-vik'-tiv-ncs, s. Power of convict- C 0 KfixcE?re“ v.a. To satisfy the mind hy evi¬ dence; Jto convict; to prove guilty, to overpower, CoxvTxcE^fon-emsi', pp. of "on CoNviNCEMENT,t s. ^which con- CONVINCER, kon-vm'-ser,B. He or that which CO CoxvincIe" a. Capable of conviction Soxy.x-clxG!’ie»-«»'-siny,a. Persuading the mind by CoJv?xc.xGEV, kon-vin'-dng-u, ad In a convincing manner; in a manner to leave no to Con VITIATE,+ Aro* ush-e-atef v.a. To P » Co““loTr.‘«',v.a. To entertain ; to feast. CoSvivf^., a, . Relating to a feast or entertainment ; festive ; .loyial, “'Ciiu. social or CoNviviALi-sT, kon-viv'-e-al-ut, s. A peison ot social o festive habits. 7 » rmnd humour CoxvivixLiTT, -al'-e-te, s. The good humour or mirth indulged at an entertainment. CoxvocATE, kontvo-kate, v.a. To convoke; to caU to¬ gether, or assemble by summons. oallin" or rn>ivr»rATioN kon-vo-ka-shun, s. The act oi caiuno or sss; aSmnbly'Vwhich the business of the university is Cox“mxxE, kon-oo-ka'-shun-al, a. Relating t= a CoxvJxE^lr-eoI^', v.a. To call together; to aasem'de Co'?fv^rn““t’rSrd' pp'"f the verb to oonvol.. CoxvoLUTE, kon'-vo-Inte, I Eolled together. Convoluted, toi-»o-hi -tod,) , -oping. or ""“wtadfeg toge"1he siS'e of.being robed together; Co"xrvti“-"-’ wind fegether; to Co’x^Vl!JId*’,^-voP:p|.V """a?ottoif ^Wdi the genus Convol vuhis, or rotec^g force accompanying Coxyov,A;o»-toy, 8- A P to place. ships or property on the ay^ ^ either by sea for^nrotectlon from body of troops which accom CONVOY COPIED [ 214 ] pany provi-dona, ammunition, or other property for protection; the ship or fleet conducted and pro¬ tected. Convoy, Aion-voy', v.a. To accompany on the way for protection, either by sea or land. Convoyed, kon-voyd', pp. of the verb to convoy. Convulse, koji-vuW, v.a. To agitate, or disturb; to ^aw, or contract, as the muscular parts of an animal body ; to affect by irregular spasms. Convulsed, kon-vnlst', T)]). of the verb to convulse. Convulsion, kon-vul'-shun, s. A violent and involuntary contraction of the muscular parts of an animal body; agitation; commotion; disturbance; any violent and irregular motion, as conmilsions iii the body politic • tumult. ^ ’ C 0 NVULS 10 NA.RT, kon~vuV-shxi7i-d.-re , a. Relating to con¬ vulsion. Convulsive, hon-vul'-siv, a. That produces convulsion or spasms. ’ Convulsively, kon-vxiV-siv-le, ad. With violent shaking or agitation. Cony, or Coney, kd’-ne, s. A quadruped of the genus lepusy Avhicli has a short tail and naked ears- a rabbit. " CoNY-BUmiow, s. A place where rabbits buiTow in the earth. C0NY-CATC1IER,$ ko'-ne-katch^-ev, s. A thief; a cheat ■ a sharper. A cant phrase. ’ CoNY-CATcniNQ,i ko'-ne-katch'~i»ig , s. Banter. CoNY-SKiN, ko^-tte-skiny s. The skin of a conv or rabbit. ^ * CoNYZA, ko-ni^-za, s. A genus of composite plants fthe Fleabane) of the tribe Conyzece. Coo, koo, v.a. To cry, or make a low sound, as pigeons or doves. ® Cooing, koo'-ing, s. Invitation, as the note of the dove Cook, AooA, v.a. To prepare victuals for the table bv boiling, roasting, baking, broiling, &c.; to dress as meat or vegetables, for eating; to prepare for any purpose. — 8. One whose occupation is to prepare victuals for the table; a man or woman who di-esses meat or vegetables for eating. — v.n. To make the noise of the cuckoo. Cooked, kookt, pp. of the verb to cook. Cookery, kook'-e-re, s. The art or the practice of di-ess- ing and preparing victuals for the table. Cook-maid , kook'-made, s. A female servant who dresses provisions. Cf-^e-na.re, s. Partnership in mhei-itance ; joint right of succession. CoPARcEKnn, ko-pm'-se-ner, s. A coheir; one who has an equal portion of the inheritance of his or her an- cestor with othei-s. CoPAHCENT, ko-pars'-ne, s. See Coparcxnart. s. One who has a share in a ^ or who is jointly con- carrying on trade or other business; a partner; an associate; a partaker. ®- concern in P^^'^h'arly in trade and manufactui-es; the persons who have a joint concern. ^°-P‘i'-P-ner-e, s. The state of being co- partners in any midertaking. Pn^’p *:o'-pa;«niic, s. High raised; pointed. A ^o-PO' -ire-ot, s. A joint patriot. sacerdotal cloak, worn in sacred ’ ‘‘"7‘5‘hg’ extended over the head; the concave ot the sky; the roof or covering pf a due fn’ a door, &c.; an ancient tribute toe to the king or lord of the soil, out of the lead mines in some parts of Derbysldre “ “Pe; to meet or en- ®°P'^end with; to equal in combat, STOttSis* “teieliange kindness 01 Copxox, kef-pek, s. A Russian coin. C 0 PEMAN,t kope'-man, s. A chapman. C(^ernican, ko-per'-ne-kan, a. Relating to the astiw nomical system of Copernicus. ^ companion or Mend, stone. CoPHrs’ VeXe\f ^-^fPents. Copied, top'-td, pp. of the verb to copy. COPIES [ 215 ] COEALLINITE Copier, kvo or more subjects or predicates. • s. A copulative co^unction. Copy, kop'-pe, s. A transcript from an archetype or original; a single book or set of books; the imitation or likeness of anything.—Among printers, that wliich is to be imitated in writing or printing; a pattern or example for imitation. — v.a. To write, print, or engrave, according to an original; to form a similar work or composition by writing, printing, or engraving; to ti*anscribe; to paint or draw according to an original; to foim ac¬ cording to a model; to follow as a pattern in manners or life. — v.n. To imitate or endeavour to be like; to do any** thing in imitation of something else. Copy-book, kop'-pe-book, s. A ^ok in which copies are written or printed for learners to imitate. Copyhold, kop'-pe-hole’d, s. In law, a tenure of estate by copy of court roll; or a tenure for which the tenant hath nothing to show, except the rolls made by the steward of the lord’s court. Copyholder, kop'-pe-hole'd'-er, s. One who is possessed of land in copy nold. Copying-press, hop'-pe-ing-pres, 8, A machine for taking an exact copy of any manuscript recently written. Copyright, kop’-pe-rite, s. The exclusive right of an author or his assignee to print, publish, aud vend a Hterary work. The law of copyright gives protection for the period of forty-two yeai*s m all cases; but if an author stirvive the publication of his work forty- two years, the protection still continues during his lifetime, and for seven years after his death. CoQUELicoT, ko-k^-le-ko, 8. The wild poppy of the corn-fields. Coquet, ko-ket', v.a. To attempt to attract admiration from vanity, or with an appearance of regard, with a design to deceive. — v.n. To treat a person with an appearance of favour, but with a design to deceive. Coquetry, ko-kev-re, s. Attempts to attract admira¬ tion, or love from vanity; affectation of amorous advances; trifling in love. Coquette, ko-kei', 8. A vain^ airy, trifling girl^ who endeavours to attract admiration from a desire to gratify vanity, and then rejects her lover; a jilt. Coquettish, ko-ket'-ish, a. Practising coquetry. CoQUETTisHLY, ko-ket'-ish-lc, ad. In a coquettish manner. CoQuiLLA-NUT, ko-kiV~l&-7iut, 8. The fruit of the palm, or one of the Cocoa-nut group, which grows abun¬ dantly in South America. COQDIMBITE, ko-kem'-bit, s. A white species of copperas found in Coquimbo, in Chili. CoRACiN^, ko-ras''e-ne,s. The Fmit-crows, asub-famfly of the Corvidae, or Crow family. Coracle, kor'-d-kl, s. A boat used in "Wales by fisher¬ men, made by covering a wicker frame with leather or oil-cloth. Coracoid, kor'-d-koyd, s. A small, sharp process of the scapula, shaped like a crow’s beak. — a. Shaped like a crow’s beak. Coral, kor*-al, s. A calcareous marine production, secreted by polypi, sometimes assuming the form of trees or shrubs, and sometimes a round form, as in the brain-stone; a piece of coral used by children aa a plaything. _ a. Made of coral; resembling coral. CoRALLACEous, kor-ctl-a'-ske-us, a. Like coral, or par¬ taking of its qualities. ^ , CORALLIA, ko-raC-le-d, s. A family of Cqrticiferous poly- paria, in which the animals are hydriform. CoRALLiFBROus, kor-al-if-BT-us, a. Containing coral. CoRALLiFOKM, kot' -al-e-fawTvi , a. Resembling coral , forked and crooked. , . „ ^ Coralline, kor'-al-ine, a. Consisting of coral; like — s. A submarine, semi-calcareous plant, consisting ol many ioinied branches, and often resembling moss. The term has ^so been applied to certain minute corals growing in moss-like forms. Cobalt, iNiTB, ior'-al-vi^ite, s. A fossil polypier or coralline. ¥ [ 216 ] COENELIAIT Ot>A\LLiTi. kor'-al-ite, s. A niirieral substance or petri- . faction, in the form of coral. CoRALLoiD, kor'-aUoyd, j a. Having the form, of CoRALLOiDAL, Aor-aZ-oj^-. s. A basket used in collieries; an orna¬ ment in a building. CoRBAN, kaivr'-ban, s. Among the ancient Jews, an offering, sacrifice, or oblation; an alms-basket; a vessel to receive gifts of charity.—Among Mohamme¬ dans, a ceremony performed at the foot of Mount Arafat in Arabia, near Mecca. It consists in killing a number of sheep, and distributing them among the poor. CoRBE^: a. Crooked. CoRBEiL, kau'r*-hel, s. In fortification, a little basket, to be filled with earth, and set upon a parapet, to shelter men from the fire of besiegers. Corbel, kmvr*-bel, s. In architecture, the representa¬ tion of a basket, sometimes set on the heads of caryatides; the vase or tambour of the Corinthian column; so called from its resemblance to a basket. A shoit piece of timber, iron, &c., in a wall, jutting six or eight inches, in the manner of a shoulder- piece ; a niche or hollow left in walls for images, hgurcs, or statues. CoRBT,^^ kaivr'-be, s. A raven. CoRCULE, s. In hot., the heart of the seed, or rudiment of a future plant. Cord, kawrd, s. A string, or thin rope composed of several strands twisted together; a quantity of wood, or other material, originally measured with a cord or line. — v.a. To bind with a cord or rope; to fasten with cords. Cordage, kawr'-dij, s. A term applied to all sorts of cords or ropes used in the rigging of a ship; a quan¬ tity of ropes or cords. Cordate, kawr*-date, 1 a. Having the form of a LoRT>K'ii!iT>,kawr'-da-ted, \ heart; heart-shaped; a term used by botanists in their description of plants. CoRDATELY, kawr’-date-le, ad. In a cordate or heart- shaped manner. Corded, a. Bound with cords; furrowed; a teim in heraldry, signifying a cross made of two pieces of cord. Cordelier, s. (Fr.) A Franciscan friar, of the order founded by Si. Francis. CoRDiACE^, kor-de-a'-ce-e, s. A natural order of Exo¬ genous plants, of which the Cordia is the type. Cordial, kawrd'-yal, a. Proceeding from the heart; not hypocritical; hearty, sincere, warm, or affec¬ tionate. — 8. In medicine, that which increases strength, raises the spirits, and gives life and cheerfulness to a person when weak and depressed; anything that comforts, gladdens, and exhilarates. Cordial-hearted, kmvrd'-yal-hnrt-ed, a. Having cor¬ dial affection. CoRDiALKESs, kawrd*-yal-ues, \ i Cordiality, knwrd-yal’-e-te, ] from hypocrisy. CoRDiALizE, kawrd'-yal-ize, v.a. Cordially, kawrd'-yal-le, ad. with real- affection. CoRDiFORM, kawi"'-de-fj.wrm, a. the formnf the human heart. CoRDiL-LERA, kov-dU'-le-rci, s. (Spa.) The name of the mountain range of the Andes, m South America. Cordmaker, kawrd'-ma-ker, s. ()ne W'hosc business is to make ropes. Cordon, kaivr'-don, s. In fortificatioyi, a row of stones jutting before the rampart, and the basis of the parapet.—In military matters, a line or series of mili¬ tary posts.—Cordon sanitaire is a line of troops or . Sincerity; hearty good - will; freedom To render cordial. Sincerely ; heartily; Heart-shaped; having military posts, on the borders of a district infected with disease, to cut off communication. Cordovan, katcr'-do-van, s. Spanish leather. Corduroy, kawr'-du-roy, s. A thick cotton stuff, corded or ribbed. CoRDWAiN, kawrd'-wdn, s. Spanish leather; goat-skin tanned and dressed. CoRDWAiNER, kaiord'-wA-ner, s. A shoemaker. Cord-wood, kawrd'-wud, s. "Wood piled up for fuel, to be sold by the cord. Core, kore, s. The heart or inner part of anything, a< the central part of fruit, contaiuing the kernels or seeds.—In architecture, the interior part of anything, as of a column. Coregent, ko-re'-jent, s. A joint ruler. Corelation, ko-re-la'-shun, s. Corresponding relation. Corelative, ko-rel'-a-tiv. See Correlative. Corf, kawrf, s. A basket for carrying coals and other minerals in mines. Coriaceous, ko-re-a’-she-us, a. Consisting of leather, or resembling leather; tough. Coriander, ko-re-an'-der, s. A plant whose seeds are highly aromatic and carminative, and sometimes used in cooking. CoRiNDo, I'or-tV-do, s. The common edible i^a turtle, a genus of reptiles belonging to the family Chelonia. CoHiNTH,+ kawr'-inth, s. A small fruit, now called currant. Corinthian, ko-rin'-the-an,i\.. Pertaining to Corinth, one of the most refined cities of Greece—The Corin¬ thian order in architecture is the most delicate of all the five orders, the capital being enriched w'ith a graceful assemblage of foliated ornauients added to the volutes of the Ionic capital. Co-RivAL, ko-ri’-val, s. A rival, or fellow rival; a com¬ petitor. — v.a. To rival; to pretend to equal. Co-rivalry, ko-rV-val-re, ) ■» . . . , Co-RivALSHiP, ko-ri'-val-ship ,! riTatry. Cork, katork, s. The bark ol vhe cork tree, from which stopples for bottles, casks, &c., are made ; the stopple for a bottle or cask; a bung. The Cork tree is the awercKs tuber, a species of oak cultivated in Spain, I’ortugal, and France, the bark of which is thick, rough, and langous. It is stripped off the tree every ten years, and then sold and manul'actured into corks. — v.a. To stop bottles or casks with corks; to confine or make fast with a cork. CoRKiNG-piN, kawrk’-ing-pin, s. A pin of a large size. Corkscrew, kawrk'-skroo, s. A screw to draw corks from bottles. Cork-wood, kawrl^-wud, s. Tlie soft spungy wood of the "West Indian plant Annona palustris, used by the natives as common cork. Corky, kawrk'-e,ei.. Consisting of cork; resembling cork ; dry and tough, like cork. Cormorant, kuwr'-mo-rant, s. A genus of sea-birds phalacrocorax, often called the sea-raven, and distin¬ guished for their voracity; a glutton. CoRMus, kawr'-rnus, s. In botany, the name of a stalk of any plant. Corn, kawrn, s. The seeds or grain of the cereal grasse^s used as food, as wheat, rye, barley, and maize • a sm^l hard particle; a hard excrescence, or induration of the skin, on the toes, or some part of the feet. — v.a. To preserve and season with salt.ascornerfbeef: to granulate, to feed a horse with oats. CoRNACE.®, kaur-un'-se-e, s.pl. A small natural order of umbellated Exogens, to which belong the Ceyrnel tree, Cornus nlba, &c. CoRNAOE, knwr'-naje, s. An ancient tenure of lands which obliged the tenant to give notice of an invasion by blowing a horn. CoRNBiND, knwrn'-bind, s. Climbing buckwheat (locnl) CORNBRASH, kawmi'-brash, s. A coarse,shelly lim^toiie* forming a good soil for com. ’ Corn-chandler, kawrn'~tchand-ler, s. A dealer in corn. CoRN-cLAD, kawrn -klad, a. Covered with growing corn Corn-crake, kawrn'-krake, s. The crake, or iaud-rail’ the corn-crow. Cornea, kawr'rne-a, s. The strong, homy, transparent membrane in the fore part of the eye, through which the rays of light pass. Cornel, S-owr'-nei, ) The cornelian Cornel-tree, iawr'-nrf-irefl, h cherry or doa Cornelian-tree, I wood,*a tree yielding small edible fruit resembling cherries Cornelian, kawr-ne’-le-an, s. A precious stone; a COSifEOUS [ 217 ] OOEPOEALLY •varJcty of cbalcedony, sometimes caUed carnelian^ from tne flesh colour of the red variety. CoRNious, kawr'-ne-us, a. Horny ; like horn; hard. OoasER, kawr'-nei'f s. The point "Nvliere two converging lines meet; an angle; an inclosed place; a secret or retired place. CoKyER^T),kawr'-nerd,a. Having corners or angles. Corner-stone, kaivr'-ner-stone, s. The stone 'which unites two walls of a building at the corner; the C^NEH^TEETH, kawr^-ner-tceth, s.pl. The four teeth of a horse, betw'cen the middle teeth and the CoRNER^visE, kawT'-ner-ivise, ad. Diagonally; with the comer in front. . , - ^ Cornet, kaxor'-net, s. A musical wind instiaimcnt of the nature of a trumpet; a commissioned olhcer ot cavalry, next below a lieutenant; a scarf anciently worn by doctors; a head-dress.— Contet-a-pision is a brass wind instrument, of the nature of the French horn, but furnished with valves and stoppers. CoRNETCY, kawr'-net-se, s. The commission or rank of kawrn'-flag, s., A senus of plants, tlie alndiolns, of several species, bearing red or ivlute CotiN-FWWER, katvrn'-Jlow-er, s. A flower or plant growing among corn, as the wild poppyj &c. Cornice, knwr'-niSi s. In architecture, the upper grand division of the entablature of a column, or the lii^hest projeeture; that which crowns an order; a little proiecture in joinery or masonry.—Corntcc-rpifir of a cannon, is the ring next from the muzzle-ring backward. ,, . i Cornicle, kawr'-ne-kly 9. A little horn. CoRNicuLATE, kaivT-nik'-u-lct, a. Horned ; having horns.—In botanyy bearing a little spur or horn. CoRNiric, kaxvr-nif'-iky a. Producing horns. _ „ CoRNiFORM, kawr'-ne-faicrm, a. Having the shape of a C^NioERous, kaivr-nij'’er-usj a. Horned; having CornTne, kawr'-nm, s. A new principle found to exist in the bark of the Cormis Jiortda, whose properties resemble those of quinine. ^ , OoRNiNG-HOusE, kawm'-iug-hoivs, s. A house or place where powder is granulated._ ^ a Cornish, a. Relating to the language and manners of Cornwall. CoRNisT,;trtw;ot'-ts(,s. A performer on the cornet or CoRN-LANP, kawrn'-landy s. Land appropriated or suit¬ able to the production of corn or gram. Corn-laws, s.pl. Laws passed at various times by the British legislature, regulating the im¬ portation of foreign corn, and imposing heavy duties thereon The law of 1815 was repealed in 1846, after a long and severe struggle between the people and the landed Interests. CoRN-i-oFT, 8. A com granary. CoRN-MARYGOLD, kawm-mof-re-golde, s. A genus of plants, the Chrysanthemum segetumy co mm on in corn- nelds. . . Corn-mill, kntorn'-mily s. A mill for grinding corn. CoRNO, Aotcr'-no, s. A French horn. Corn-parsley, kawm'-pars-lCy s. A genus of plants. Corn-rent, fcrtwrn'-reni, 9. A rent paid in com, or its average value, instead of money. » •, * Corn-rocket, kawryi'-rock-ety s. A genus of plants, the Pnnv-RosB. kaivTn'-rosey s. A common weed growing in corn-fields, and o/ten confounded with the red Cor”nS'i-ad, kawrn'-sal-ad, s. A species of annual plant, the Valenanella olitoria, common m com-flelds. , PoRN-sTONE, kawrn'-stone, s. A mottled kind of lime¬ stone, found in the old Red Sandstone formation, and valuable as manure. . * CORNO-AMMONIS, kawr'-nu-am-mo'-niSy 8. A fossil shell like a ram’s horn; an ammonite. . , , ., , . CoRNUBiANiTE, kawT-nu'-be-an-itey s. A dark blue slaty rock, abundant in Cornwall, and found m contact with granite. ^ a. Cornucopia, A;ator-nu-A;o'-pe-i'-e-/uwrm, a. Having the foim of a Co”o^TOE, kor'-o-nule. s. The little crown of a seed, the downy tuft on seeds. Corporal, kawr'-po-rnl, s. The lowest officer of a company of infantry, next below » sergeant.-rhe corporal of a ship of war is an officer under the master-at-arms, employed to teach the sailors the use —^a. ^’li^longing or relating to the body; material; not Corporal, kawr'-po-ral, Is. A fine lrn®h CoRPORALE, kawr-po-ray'-le, J used to cover the sacred elements in the Eucharist. t r. CoRPORALiTY, kawr-po-raV-s-te, s. The stote of being a bodv or embodied; opposed to epintuality. CoRPORAr.LT, kau'i-'-po i\il U, ad. Lod;.} , in or w itb the body. OOEPORALSHIP COERODED [ 218 ] CoEPORAtsHip, kawr'-po-ral-ship, s. A corporal’s office or command. CoRPOEi84 kawr'-po-ras, e. The old name of the cor- porale, or Communion-cloth. CoKPORAT*, kawr'-po-rate, a. United In a body or community ; formed into a body; united : tsreneral : collectively one. - 4 v.a. To unite. CORPORAIELV, kawr'-po-rate-ly, ad. In a corporate capacity. CORPORATENE.SS, kawr'-po-ratt-ties, s. The state of corporate body. Corporation, kawr-po-ra'-shun, s. A body politic or corporate, established by royal charters, and autho¬ rized by law to act as a single person.—A Corporation -■“7“ "y “ •oiitgiv: persvjii.—41. \jUTporai%Qn Spiritual consists of a dean and chapter, or a master of a college or hospital.—A Corporation Temporal con- sists of a mayor and commonalty. loRPoRATon, kaim-'-po-ny-tur, s. The member of corporation. Corporeal, kaicr-po'-rt-al, a. Consisting of a material body; material. CORPOREALIST, knivT-po’-rc-al-ist , s. One who denies the existence of spiritual essence. CoRPoa^ALiTT, kawr-x>o-re~aV-e-te, s. The state of beine corporeal. ® Corporeally, kawr-po’-re-al-le, ad. In a bodily form or manner. •' CORPOREITV, kawr-po-r^-e-te, s. BodUy substance ; ma- teriaiity. * C0RP0RIFIC.4TI0N, kincr-po-re-fe-ka'-shun, s. The act of giving bod}’ or palpability. CoRPORiFY,± kaivr-2)o'-r€-Ji,y.^. To embody; to foim nito a body. Corposant, kaim-’-po-sant, s. A name given by seamen to a luminous electric phenomenon often beheld in dark tempestuous nights, about the rigging and mastheads of a ship, and so called from the Spanish ords ciierpo santo (holy body). Corps, kore, pi. korez, s. A body of troops; any divi¬ sion of an army.—In architecture, any Dart that dSor?fion^°”^ ^ wall, serving as the ground of some Corpse, kawrps, s. The dead body of a human being ■ coi’se, carcase, or remains. ” ’ CorpcleaXce, } s. Excessive fatness, a ^ ( state of being loaded With flesh; spissitude; piuguidity. Corpulent, Artier' a. Fleshy; robust; fat- lusty. havmg a supei-fluity of flesh orfat. ’ manner''’'’ ad. In a corpulent Corpus, kawr'-pus, p! Corpora, kaior’-po-ra, s. A body; a word of extensive use in anatomy, as ^rptis callosum (a callous body), corpus cavsmosmn, ‘^s?c‘’ai'atom *'"'''’'’^ particle, or pby- Pertaining to cor- sfitiiim; St supposed to be the con- stitui nt materials of all large bodies. ^ corpSet’"'''’'’ a. Relating to ~ 8. An advocate for the corpuscular pbilosonhv Corpus- delicti haler’-pus-de-lik-ti . ». The sulistence or foundation 0 / an offence, in the fact of IM having been actually committed. ua.mg %llheS’^ ior-rnds', v.a. To mb off; to scrape to- A conjunction of Correct, ior-rrir a. Conformable to tmth or to a Just Standard I not faulty; free from error; accurate; tlie standard of trntti or propriety; to remove or retrench faults or erroi*s, to attempt to bring back to propriety in morals, to punish for faults or deviations from moral rectitude; to reprove severely; to amend, reform or chastise. ’ Corrected, kor-rek'^ted. pp. of the verb fo correct Correction, Aor-rei'-sAfin, s. The act of correcting or bringing back from error to truth, rectitude, or pro¬ priety punishment; discipline; chastisement; re¬ trenchment, or emendation of faults or erfora ■ notice; anlmudreralon.— JToum 8 hoiwe trhors tUsoraeriy persons are ^ to a. Having a tendency Corrective, kor-rek'-tiv, a. Having the newer tr correct; tending to rectify. ™ Power to stricSon* power of correcting; ^re- J^’^tr-rekf-le, ad. In a correct manner • accordmg to a standai-d; accurately. manner, Correctness, kor-rekt’-nes, s. Accuracy exactness- regularity; precision; conformity to truth iusticc’ or propriety, or to settled usages or rules •'"sticc, COMECTOR Aor-reP-tur, s. One who corrects; one who amends faults, retrenches error, and renders con refm-Sw I™? P^P^oty; one who punishe^or PnSlttStl ohastisemcnt, reproof, or iiistmction. CoRREGiDOR iOT--r@ -c.dur, s. A Spanish magistrate. Correlate, kor'-re-late, s. He or that which stands in a^reciprocal relation to something else, as father and 'self' relation, as father and Correlation, kor-re-la'-shun, s. Reciprocal relation ^rSion!’^’ a. Having a reciprocal ~reeipi™ilTe“ tton something else in a ^rSom""’"'’ ad. In a con-elative CoRRELATivENEss, kor-YcV-&-tiv-nes, 8. Tlie state of being correlative. ® ‘^raanl””''’' s- Chiding; reproof; repri- Correspond, kor'-re-spond, v.n. To answer one to oraJino’ S’ ao"gruous; to be adapted to; to suit nienfp h-^ or Proportioned; tocommu- mimion ^ letters; to have direct intercourse or com- CoRRESPONPENCE, kor-rc-spon'-dcns, ) s. Relation fit- Correspondencv, Aor-i-e-syion'-rfcii-se, ) ness- con’gi-u- ity; mutual adaptation of one thing to ’ another • intercourse hetivecn persons by means of letters’ the letters which pass between con-espondents Correspondent, kor-re-spon'-dent, a. Suitable- fit congruous; agreeable; answerable; adaptSl ’ ’ who corresponds, one with whom an inter- com se is cained on by letters or messages. CoRREsroNDENTLV, kor-rc-spond'-cnt-lc, ad. In a cor¬ responding manner. ’ '^°sSng°’*“"'°’ a. AYriting to '^adapted''^*^’^’ a. Answerable, CORRESPONSITELT, kor-rc-spon'-siv-U, ad. In a cor¬ responding manner. s- A gallery or open communi- cation round a building. —In /ortmeation, the covered way encu’cling tlie place. CoaaiQiDLE, ko) -re-je-bl, a. That may be set right or amended; that may be reformed, punishable. ® «or-n'-vaZ, s. A fellow-rival; a competitor (More correctly co-rival.) ^ —\ a. Contending. —1- v.n. To vie -vyuth. »■ Opposition; ri- CoRRivATE.-f kor’.re-vat s’, v.a. To draw water out of several streams Into one. ‘ C0ERITATI0N,+ kor-re-va'-shun, s. The running of dif- ferent streams into one. Corroborant, kw-rob’-o-rant, a. Having the power or quality of giving strength. * p er or ~when-^ak*™° that strengthens the human body Corroborate, kor-rob'-o-rate, v.a. To strengthen; to give additional strength to; to confirm; to make more cerlain. Corroborated, kor-roV-o-ra-ted, pp. or a. Streno-tb ened, confirmed. otrenaCn. Corroboration, kor-rob-o-ra'-shun, s. The act of strengthening or confliming; confirmation Corroborative, kor-rob’-o-rA-tiv, a. Having the power of giving additional strength ; tending to confirm — s. A medicine that strengthens; a corroborant ’ Corrode, kor-rodet, v.a. To eat away by degrees • tn wear away or consume; to prey upon; to Impair 1 to canker, gnaw, or waste. ^ ^ “ impair; to aUr®*”' **"■‘’''“'-‘*^^ 1 W " '»* Eatpa away CORRODENT [ 219 ] COSEY f/’l «■ es' j quality - being corrodible. The of CoftRODENT, kor-ro'-dent, a. Having the poiivec of cor¬ roding, or wasting bj'degrees. — 8. Any substance or medicine that corrodes. CoaRODiA,TE, kor-ro'-de-ate, v.a. To eat away by degrees. CoiLRODiBiLiTT, kov-ro-de-biV'e-te, CoRROSiBiLiTY, kor-To'-se-bU-e-te CoRROsiBLENESS, kor-To'-se^bl-nes Corrodible, kor-ro'-de-bl,) ^ corroded. OoRROSiBLE, kor-ro -se-bl, j , ,, Corroding, kor-ro'-ding, a. Eating away gradually. Corrosion, koT-ro'-shun^ s. The action of eating or wearing away by slow degrees. , Corrosive, kor-ro'-siv, s. That which has the quality of eating or wearing gradually; that which has the power of fi-etting. , „ — a. Eating; having the power of gradually wearing or impairing; the quality of fretting or ve^ng.— CoTi'osive sublimate is a vii’ulent poison, the bichloride of mercuiy. ... CoRROsiyELY, kor-To'-siv~le, ad. Xike a corrosive; in a corrosive manner. Corrosiveness, kor-ro*-siv-neSy 8. The quality of cor¬ roding, eating away or weaidng; acrimony. Corrugant, kor'-ru-gant, a. Having the power of con¬ tracting into wrinkles. Corrogate, /cor'-rM-^rafe, v.a. To wi'inkle; to draw or contract into folds. — a. 'Wrinkled. ^ Corrugated, kor’-ru-ga~tedf pp. or a. Wrinkled. Co’R.RVQA.Tioa, kor-ru-ga'-shuHf s. A wrinkling, con¬ traction into wrinkles. . Corrdgator, kor'-ru^ga-tur, s. A muscle which con¬ tracts the skin of the forehead into wrinkles. Corrupt, kor-rupV f v.a. To change from a sound to a putrescent state; to vitiate or deprave; to waste, spoil, or consume; to defile or pollute; to pervert or vitiate integrity; to bribe; to debase or render im¬ pure, by alterations or innovations; to falsify; to infect with errors. — v.n. To become putrid; to pufrefy, to rot; to be¬ come vitiated; to lose purity. — a. Changed from a sound to a putrid state; tainted; vitiated; unsound; depraved; tainted with wicked¬ ness; debased; rendered impure; not genuine; in¬ fected with errors or mistakes. Corrupted, kor-rup'-ted, pp. of the verb to corrw^t. Corrupter, kor-rup'-ter, s. One who corrupts, vitiates, or taints; one who bribes; that which depraves or destroys integrity ; one who introduces errors. Corruptibility, kor-rup-te-hiV-e-tey s. The possibility of being corrupted. Corruptible, kor-rup'-te-bl, a. That may he corrupted, or become putrid ; subject to decay and destruction ; that may be vitiated in qualities or principles; sus¬ ceptible of depravation. — 8. That which may decay and perish. Corruptibleness, kor-riL}>'-te-bl-nes, s. Susceptibility of corruption; coiTuptibility. Corruptibly, kor-rup'-te-ble, ad. In such a manner as to be corrupted or vitiated. Corruption, kor-rup'-sh^m, s. The act of corrupting, or state of being corrupt or putiid; the destruction of the natural form of bodies, by the separation of the component parts, or by disorganization, in the process of putrefaction; putrid matter; pus; putrescence, de¬ filement, or contamination; a foul state occasioned by putrefaction ; perversion or deterioration of moral principles ; a debased or impure state ; bribery.—In taw, corruption of blood is one of the consequences of an act ef attainder. Corruptive, kor-rup'-tiv, a. Having the quality of corrupting, tainting, or vitiating. Corruptless, kor-rupt’Aes, a. Not susceptible of cor¬ ruption or decay. Corruptly, kor-rupif-le, ad. In a corrupt manner; viciously; by bribery. Corruptness, kor-rupV-nes, s. The state of being cor¬ rupt ; putrescence; a state of moral impurity; im¬ purity. Corrupteess, kor-rupV-res, s. A female that corrupts others. Corsair, kor'-sare, 8. A pirate; one who scours the ocean for the purpose of plunder, for which the Algerines and Moors were once notorious; the vessel of a pirate. Corse, kawrse, s. A corpse; the dead body of a human being. {Vnd poetically.^ Corselet, A little cuirass; or an armour to cover the body for protection. — v.a. To encfrcle as with a corselet. Corset, katvi-'-set, s. A bodice; something worn to gi ve shape to the body, and used by ladies and men of efieniinate habits. — v.a. To inclose in corsets. Cortege, katvr'-tayzh, s. A train of attendants. Cortes, kawr'-tez, s.pl. The Spanish pai-Uament, oi assembly of the states of the kingdom, composed of nobility, clergy, and representatives of cities. Cortex, kawr'-teks, s. Hark, as of a tree. Cortical, Jcawr'Ae-kal, a. Belonging to bark, consist¬ ing of or resembling bark or rind.—In anatoyny, the cortical substayice is the external part of the brain, which appears like bark encircling the interior. Corticate, kawr'-te-kate, la. Having or resembling Corticated, kawr'-te-ka-ted,} the bark or rind of a tree. Corticiferous, kazer-te-sif'-er-us, a. Producing bark, or that which resembles it. Corticiform, kaivr-tis'-e-fawrm, a. Resembling bark. CoETlcosz, knwr'-te-kose, | CoRTicous, kawr -te-kus, ) •' ’ CoRTiLB, kawr'-til, s. The open internal court of a building. CoRUNDpM, ko-rtm'-diim, s. A mineral of extreme hardness, consisting of nearly pure alumina. CoRUScANT, ko-rus'~kant, a. Plashing; glittering by flashes. ^ ... Coruscate, ko-rus'-kate, v.n. To throw off vivid flashes of light; to glitter, gleam, or sparkle. CoRDscATioN, koi'-us-ka'-shun, s. A flash; a sudden gleam of light in the clouds or atmosphere ; intellec¬ tual brilliancy. Corvette, kawr'-vet, s. A sloop of war, ranking next below a frigate, and carrying not more than about twenty guns. . . Corvine, kaw')''-vin, a. Of or pertaining to the Crow family of birds. CoRVus, kaivr'-vus, s. The crow ; a genus of birds, con¬ sisting of many species, as the Raven, the Carrioo- crow, the Jackdaw, and the Rook, all of tlie family Corvid8. A cottager. Cottier, kot'-ti^er,) Cotton, kot'tti, s. A soft, downy substance, resembling fine wool, growing in the capsules or pods of the Gossypium, or Cotton plant; cloth made of cotton. — a. Made or consisting of cotton. Cotton-grass, kot'tn-gras, s. A genus of plants, the Eriophorum polystachio7i, a British species with long cottony tufts waving on the stalks. CoTTON-oROYViNo, koftn-gTOw-iJig,^. Producing^•Ytton. CoTTON-BosE, kotin-rose, s. The common name of the Composite genus of plants Fxlago. Cotton-thistle, kot'tn-this-si, s. A plant; the com¬ mon name of the Ow yporcium acayitMum. OOTTOE-WEED [ 221 ] COUNTERACTIVE ■CoTTON-wEBD, kot'Ui-weid, s. Tlie name of the gna ' phalium. cud-weed, or goldy-locks. CoTTONv, a. Bowny; nappy; soft, like CoTTONous, ) cotton. Cottle, ko'-te~le, ) s. Tlie cavity of a bone which CoTYLA, ko'-te-ldy ] receives the end of another in . articulation. Cotyledon, ko-te-lef-doiiy s. In botany, the perishable lobe of the seeds of plants; also a genus of plants, navel-wort, or kidney-wort, of several species.—In anatomy^ a cup-shaped, vascular body adhering to the chorion of some animals. CoTTLEDONous, ko-te-le'-do-m(,s, a. Pertaining to cotyle¬ dons ; having a seed-lobe. CoTYLiFORM, ko-tU'-t-fawrm, a. In physiology, an epi¬ thet applied to such organs as have a rotate figure with an erect limb. .Cotyloid, kot’-e-loyd, a. Cup-shaped; anatomically applied to the socket or cavity of the hip-bone. CoTjKQOKykoo-ag' gn, 0 T Q.vtLGQ.K,kwag' ga,s. The African name of a species of quadruped between the horse and the zebra. Couch, koivtch, v.n. To lie dowTi, as on a bod or place of repose; to stoop and recline on the knees, as a beast; to lie down in secret or in ambush; to lie close and concealed ; to lie in a bed or stratum; to stoop ; to bend the body or back ; to lower in reverence, or to "bend under labour, pain, or a burden. — T i. To lay down or repose on a bed or place of rest; to spread on a bed or floor; to lay close, or in a stratum; to hide, or to lay close, in another body ; to hide, or to express in obscure terms; to involve; to include; to comprise; to comprehend or express; to ’ fix a spear in tiie rest, in the posture of attack; to depress the condensed crystalline humour of film that overspreads the pupil of the eye; to remove a cataract. — s. A place for rest or sleep; a seat of repose; a layer or stratum.—In painting, a lay or impression of colour, in oil or water, covering the canvas, wall, or other matter to be painted. CoucHANT, kowtch'~ant, a. lying down; squatting. —In heraldry, lying down with the head raised. Couched, kowtchd, pp. of the verb to conch. CoucHEE,t koosh'-e, s. (Fr.) Bedtime; visits received about bedtime. CoucHBR, k<>wtch'-er, s. One who couches cataracts. Couch-fellow, kowteh'-fel-lo, s. A bed-felluw; a comr* panion in lodging. Couch-grass, kotvtch'-gras, s. A species of grass, Triti- ctim repens, very injurious to other plants. Couching, koivtch’-iyig, s. The act of stooping or bow¬ ing ; the act of removing a cataract; the spreading of malt to dry. Couchless, kowtch'-les, a. Having no couch or bed. Cough, koj, s. A convulsive effort of the lungs and of the muscles of the thorax and larynx, &c., to throw off offending matter; a violent, involuntary expira¬ tion, suddenly expelling the air through the glottis. — v.n. To make a violent and noisy effort to expel the air from the lungs, and evacuate any offending matter that irritates the parts, or renders respiration difficult. — v.a. To expectorate matter from the bronchial tubes, CouGHER, kof'-for, s. One who coughs. CovQHi'sa, kof'-ing,s. A violent effort, with noise, to expel the air from the lungs. Could, kud. The last or conditional tease of Can, and signifying capability, or having siifficient power, moral or physical. CouLEUR-DE-ROSE, koo'-leT-de-roze', B. (Fr.) Of a rose colour; under an aspect of beauty and attractiveness. Coulter, kole'-ter, s. The fore iron of a plough which cuts the sod; a plough-share. CouMARiN, kow’-md-rin, s. A vegetable odoriferous substance obtained from the Tonka bean, as well as from the melilot, and used for medicinal pur¬ poses. CJouNciL, konm'-sil, s. An assembly of persons con¬ vened for consultation, deliberation, and advice; a body of men specially designated to advise a sovereign or chief magistrate in the administration of the government; an assembly of prelates and doctors, convened for regulating matters of doctrine and dis¬ cipline in the Church.— Common council of a city is a body of representatives of the citizens.—(Ecumenical council, in Church history, a general council or assem¬ bly of prelates and doctors, representing the whole church.— Privy council, a select council for advising a king in the administration of the government. Council-board, kown'-sil-board, s. Council-table; the table round which a council holds consultation. Councillor, kown'-sil-lur, s. The member of a council. See Counsellor. Co-UNDERSTANDiNG, ko-un-dcr-stand’-mg, s. Mutual understanding. Co-uNE, ko-yewn*, v.a. To form into one. Co-UNiTE,± ko-yew-nite','v.2i. To unite ; to join together. Counsel, Kown'~^el,s. Advice; opinion or instruction for directing the judgment or conduct of another; consultation; interchange of opinions; deliberation ; examination of consequences; secrecy • puiTiose ; design; the will of God; any counsellor or advo¬ cate. — v.a. To give advice or deliberate opinion; to ex¬ hort, warn, admonish, or instruct. CouNSELABLE, kou'n'-sel-d-hl,‘ ql. Willing to receive counsel; disposed to follow the advice or opinions of others. Counselled, koicn'-seld, pp. Advised; instructed; ad¬ monished. Counsellor, koion'-sel-lur, s. One who gives advice, or whose profession is to give advice in law, and manage causes for clients ; one appointed to advise a king or chief magistrate.— Privy counsellor, a member of a privy council. CouNSELLORSHip, kown'-sel-luv-ship, s. The office of a counsellor, or privy counsellor. Count, kownt, v.a. To number ; to tell or name one by one, or by small numbers, for ascertaining the whole number of units in a collection ; to reckon; to pre¬ serve a reckoning; to compute; to place to an account; to ascribe or impute; to esteem; to account, to reckon ; to think, judge, or consider. — v.n. To reckon upon; to found an account or scheme on; to rely on. — s. Reckoning; the act of numbering; number.—In law, a particular charge in an indictment, or narni- tion in pleading, setting forth the cause of complaint, a foreign title of nobility, nominally equivalent to an English viscount or earl, but often merely honorary. Countable, koivnt-d-bl, a. That may be numbered. Counted, kownif-ed, pp. of the verb to count. Countenance, kowji’-te-nans, s. The whole form of thn face, or system of features; visage; air; look; aspect; appearance of the face; the face or look of a beast; favour; good will; kindness; support; aid; patron¬ age; encouragement; favour in promoting and main¬ taining a person or cause.— To keep the countenance, is to preserve a calm, composed, or natural look, un¬ ruffled by feeling.— to keep in countenance, to give assurance or courage to; to support.— To put in coun¬ tenance, to give assurance; to encourage.— Out of countenance, confounded; abashed. — To put out of countenance, to cause the countenance to fall ; to abash. — v.a. To favour; to sanction; to encourage by opinion or words; to appear in defence. Countenanced, kown'-te-nansd, pp. of the verb io countenance. Countenancer, kotvn'-te-nan-ser,B. One who couDte nances, favours, or supports. Counter, kown'-ter, s. A false piece of money or stamped metal, used as means of reckoning; any¬ thing used to keep an account or reckoning, or as a check for articles delivered; a table or board on which money is counted; a table on which goods in a shop are laid for examination by purchasers; one who counts or reckons.—In ships, an arch or vault, whose upper part is terminated by the bottom of the stern.—In music, the name of an under part, which serves as a contrast to the principal parts.— Counter of a horse, that part which lies between the shoulder and under the neck. — ad. Contrary ; in opposition ; in an opposite direc¬ tion; contrariwise; in a contrary manner. This word is prefixed to many others, chiefiy verbs and nouns, expressing opposition. Counteract, kown-ter-aki’, v.a. To act in opposition to; to encounter with contrary agency; to hinder, oppose, contravene, or resi.st. Counteraction, s. Action in oppo¬ sition; hindrance. Counteractive, a. Tending to coun teract. OOUNTEEAOTIVE [ 222 ] COUNTEEPLOT Cookteractivb, 6. One wlio or that which, counter¬ acts. CouNTERACTivBLY, koicn-ter-ak'-tiv-Ut ad. By coun¬ teraction. Counter-attraction, kown-ter-at-trak'-shun, 8. Op¬ posite attraction. Counter- attractive, kowti-ter-at-trak'-tiv, a. Attract¬ in'; oppositely. Counterbalance, kown-ter-baV-Iansy v.a. To weigh against with an equal weight; to countervail. — s. Equal weight, power, or agency acting in oppo¬ sition to anything. Counter-bond, koivn'-ter-bond, 8. A bond to save harm¬ less one who has given bond for another. Counter-brace, kowH'-ter-brase, s. The lee hrace of the fore-topsail yard. — v.a. To brace in contraiw directions. CouNTERBi FF, kowH-tev-buf', V.a. To strike hack or in an Opposite direction ; to drive back. — s. A blow in an opposite direction. Countercast, kown'-ter-hast, s. Delusive contrivance; contrary cast. Countercaster, + kown'-ter-kast-er, s. An arithme¬ tician ; a book-keeper. Counterchanoe, kown'-ter-tchay}\j,s. Exchange; reci¬ procation. — v.a. To give and receive; or to cause to change places. Countercharge, kown'-ter-tch'drj, s. A charge in op¬ position. Countekcharm, kcwn'-ter-tch'drmy 8. That which has the power of dissolving the effect of a charm. — v.a. To destroy the effect of enchantment. Countercheck, kawn-ier-tchek\ v.a. To oppose or stop by some obstacle. — s. A check, or rebuke; a censure to check a re¬ prover. Counter-current, 8. A current in an opposite direction. “ a. Running in an opposite direction. Counter-distinction, kowii'-ter-dis-tink'-shunj 8. Con¬ tradistinction. CouNTERDRAiN, fcoM'n'-ier-dj'rtne, s. A drain parallel to a canal or embanked watercourse, for collecting the leakage water. Counterdraw, kown-ter-draio'y v.a. In painting, to copy a design or painting, by means of a fine Unen cloth, an oiled paper, or other transparent matter, whereon tlie strokes appearing through, they are traced with a pencil, Counterdrawn, koicn-ter-drau'u'y pp. of the verb to counterdraw. Counter-evidence, kowri-ter-eiZ-e-dcns^ s. Evidence or testimony which opposes other evidence. CouNTERFAiSANCE.t) Aown-<«r-/tj'-zrtas, 8. The act of CouNTERFBSANCEjit j forguig; foi’gc:^. Counterfeit, kown-ter-Jit, v.a. To forge; to copy or iinitatq^, without authority or right; to feign a re¬ semblance. — v.n. To feign; to dissemble; to carry on a fiction or deception. — a. Forged, fictitious, or false; made in imitation of sometliing else, with a view to defraud, by passing the false copy for genuine or original; having the resemblance of; not genuine. — s. A cheat; a deceitful person, one who pretends to be what he is not; an impostor. Counterfeited, kown'-ter-fit-ed, pp. or a. Forged; copied; imitated; feigned. Counterfeiter, kown'-ter-fit-er, s. One who counter¬ feits ; a forger. Counterfeiting, kown'-ter-fit-ing, s. The act of forg¬ ing ; the making of a counterfeit resemblance. CouNTERFEiTLV, kow%','-icr-fit-le, zA. Fictitiously, by forgery. Counterfoil, kown'-ter-foyl, s. That part of a tally struck in the E.KChequcr which is kept by an officer in that court , the other being delivered to the person who has lent the king money. Counterfort, kown'-ier-forte, s. A buttress or pier built at riuht angles to a wall or terrace, to prevent it bulging. Cou^iTER-FUGUE, kown'-ter-fewg, s. A fugue in which the subjects move in contrary directions CouNTER-GAuoE, koivu'-ter-gaje, s. In carpentry, a method .used to measure joints, by transferring the breadth of a mortise to the place w'here the tenon is to be, in order to make tiiera fit each other. CouNicRocARD, Jtown'-ter-g'drde, s. In fortification, a small rampart or work raised before the point of • bastion, for the sake of preserving it. Counter-influence, v.a. To hinder by opposing influence. Counter-IRRITANT, lupathology. any substance employed to produce an 'artificial or secondary disease, for the sake of removing the pri¬ mary or original one. Counter-irritation, kown'-ter-ir-re-ta'-shun^ s. The production of a secondary disease, in order to relieve a primary one. Counterlight, kown~ter-Ht(f, s. A window or light opposite to anything, wliich makes it appear to dis¬ advantage. Countermand, kown-ter-rnand!, v.a. To revoke a foiTuer command, or to give an order contrary to one before given ; to oppose ; to contradict the orders of another; to prohibit. - s. A contrary order: revocation of a former command. Countermarch, kow)t, -ter~nidrtch, s. In military mat¬ ters, a change of the wings or face of a battalion, so as to bring the right to the left, or the front into the real*; a change of measures; alteration of conduct. — v.n. To march back again. Countermark, kown*~ter-mdrk, s. A second or third mark put on a bale of goods belonging to several merchants, that it may not be opened, but in the pre¬ sence of all the owners; the mark of the Goldsmiths’ Company, to show the metal to be standard; an arti¬ ficial cavity made in the teeth of horses that have outgrown their natural mark, to disguise their age; a mark added to a medal, a long time after it has been struck, by which its several changes of value may be known. — v.a. To mark the comer teeth of a horse by an artificial cavity, to disguise his age. Countermine, kown'-ter-mine, s. In military affairs, a well and gallery sunk in the earth, and running under ground, in search of the enemy’s mine, or till it meets It, to defeat its effect, means of opposition or counter action; a stratagem or project to fmstrate any con trivance. — v.a. To sink a well and gallery in the earth, in search of an enemy’s mine, to frustrate his designs; to counter-work; to frustrate by secret and opposite measui-es. Counter-motion, kown-ter-mo^-shun, s. An opposite motion ; a motion counteracting another. Counter-motive, kown-ter-mo'-tiv, s. An opposite motive. Counter-move, kown-ter-mooi/^ v.a. To move in a con- ti’ary direction, or in opposition to another. Counter-movement, kown-ter-moov'-mentyi. A movC' ment in opposition tc another. Countermure, kown'-ter-mewr, s. A wall raised beliind another, to supply its place when a breach is made. - v.a. To fortify with a wall behind another. Counter-negotiation, kown-ter-ne-go-she-a'-shun, 8. Negotiation in opposition to other negotiation. Counter-opening, kown'-ter-ope-ning, s. An aperture or vent on the opposite side. Counter-pace, koivn'-ter-pace,%. A measure in opposi - tion to another. Counter-paled, kown'-ter-payld, a. In heraldry, repre¬ senting an escutcheon divided into twelve pales, charged per fesse, the two coloiu*s being counter- changed. Counterpane, kown'-ter-pane, 8. A particular kind of coverlet for a bed; one part of an indentur*^. Counthr-farole, kown'-ter-pd-roW, s. A word given as a signal in any time of alarm. Counterpart, kown'-ter-p'drt , s. The correspondent part; the part that answers to another; a copy; a duplicate; the part which fits another, as the key ol a cipher.—In music, the part to be applied to another. CouNTBR-PAssANT, kown-ter-pa^-saut, a. In heraldry. denoting two lions in a coat of ai*ms represented as going contrary ways. Counter-petition, kown-ter-pe-tish'~un, s. A petition in opposition to another. — v.n. To petition against another petition. Counterplea, kown'-ter-ple, 8 . In law, a replication to a plea or request. Counterplead, kown-ter-pleed' , v.a. To plead in op¬ position; to contradict; to deny. Counterplot, kown-ter-plot' , v.a. To oppose one plot to another; to attempt to frustrate stratagem by stratagem. 8 A plot or artifice opposed to another. COUNTERPLOTTING [ 223 ] COUPEE CooKTKKPLOTTiNO, kown-tcr-plot'-ing, 8. A plotting in A coverlet; a corer for a bed stitched or woven in sijnares.—In musw, coant^poi'nt is when the musical characters by which the notes in each part are signified, are placed SsiSi a manner as to ^how how the parts answer one to another; an opposite point. to weigh against with equal weight, to equal m •weifflit • to act against with equal power or — s ?3qual weigM acting in opposition to something ; equipoiiderance; a weight sufficient to balance another in the opposite scale.—In the manege, a position of the rider in which his body is duly balanced in his CoSTEr.PoisED, Ulon’-ter-poyzd, pp. of the verb to Co'TO^ER-’poisoN, iown'-ier-poji-zn, s. An Mtidote; a medicine that obviates the effects of poison. CooNTER-PUESSuaE, kowti'-ter-presh -vr, s. Opposing Cou’'N™-PROor,i:o«m-«e»--P*-oo/,8. In enjiramng, a print taken off from another one fresh printed, which, by being pissed through the press, gives the figure of the former, but inverted. CooNTER-pRovE, kown'-ter-proov, v.a. To take off a de¬ sign in black lead or red chalk, by passing it thiOTgh a rolling-press, with another piece of paper, both being moistened with a sponge. COUNTER-REVOLCTION, kown' -ter-TB-vo-lu -shun,s. Are- ^ volution opposed to a foi-mer one, and restoring a previous state of tilings. x «.» Counter-revolutionary, kown'-ter-re-vo-lu -shun-&-ref a. Peruiining to a counter-revolution. Counter-revolutionist, koivn'-tor-re-vo-lu -sliun-%st, One who is engaged in or befriends a comiter-re^ o- CocNTER-RotE, kown'-ter-roU, s. In laio, a countei-pwt or copy of the rolls, relating to appeals, inquests, Ac. Cot'NTER-ROLLMENT, kown-ter-role -ment, s. A counter-. CooNTra-'sALiENT, kowH-ter-su'-le-ent, a. In representing two beasts home on a coat of arms, CocNTE'RScrRP,^Iowii'-ler--sfcnrp, s. In exterior talus or slope of the ditch, or the talus tha,. supports the earth of the covered way. Counter-security, kmvn'-ter-se-kii -le-te, s. becurity given to one who has entered into bonds, or become opposite meaning Countersign, kown’-ter-sme, s. A I”"’'’®*®, or phrase given to soldiers on guaid, with oideis to let no man pass unless he first naines that sign , a milharj watchword; the signature, of a secreto^, or other subordinate officer, to a wnting signed hy the principal or superior, to attest its authenticuy. _v.a. To sign a writing signed by a principal or su¬ perior, to attest the authenticity of the writing. Sounter-sighal, kown’-ter-svj-nal, s. A signal to an swer or correspond to another. PoTiNTTR-siON ATURE koWtl' ~tCT-SiQ-nfl-tUY€, 8. ni^f of a secretary, or other subordinate officer, countersigned to a writing. _hv aspcrp- Countersigned, *!OM’n';icr-st>t« d ,pp. Signed by a secre i tary or other subordinate officer. conical CODNTBR-SINK, kown’-ter-emk v.a. To drui a Mnicai depression in wood or metal, as in a hole lor a screw. Co"N7Ea“T'RoKE.\own'-*cr-s«rote, s. Acontrary stroke; CoVn7er's71v™ men'-ter-swny, s. Contrary sway; op- Co7™“AL«?to«.»'-<«--fa!-le. 8. A tally correspond- Co7STrr7o5;W-ter-tcn «r,|S.^^In^ l^twcen the tenor and the treble; high tmor. Counter-tide, iotcn'-fer-fide, 8. Contrary tide. Counter-tike, kouin'-ter-ttme, s. In the manege, the deffcnee or resUtance of a hone, that totemupta his eadenc* end the of bit jnaniga; retUtanco, .fw-.ftsm,». Tbs be'glit sf 8 aw- matic representation, wliicli puts an end to especta* tion. Countervail, kown - ter - vai ^ , v.a. To act against with equal force or power; to equal; to balance; to com¬ pensate. — s. Equal weight or strength; power or value suffi¬ cient to obviate any effect; equal weight or value; compensation; requital. Counter-view, An opposite or opposing view; a posture in wliich two persons front each other; a contrast. Counter-vote, kown '- ter - vote , v.a. To vote in opposi¬ tion ; to outvote. Counter-weigh, koxon '- ter-way , v.a. To weigh against j to counterbalance. Counter-WHEEL, kown '- ter-hweely V.a. To cause to wheel in an opposite direction. Counter-wind, kown '- ter - wind . s. Contrary wind. Counter-work., kown ~ ter - wurk \ v.a. To work in oppo¬ sition to; to counteract. Counter-wrought, kown - ter - rawt ' Counteracted , opposed by contrary action. Countess, kown'-teSf s. The consort of an earl or count. Counting, kownt '- ing , s. The act of computing or reckoning. . . , , wu. , Counting-house, kownt '- ing - hows ,^ s. Tiie house or Counting-room, j room appropriated by merchants, traders, and manufacturers to the business of keeping their books, accounts, letters, and papers. , ^ x . Countless, a. That cannot be counted; not having the number ascertained, nor ascertainable, innumerable. , , ,. • Countrified, kun '- tre - Jide , a. Rustic; rural; having the appearance and manners of the country. Country, kun '- tre , s. A tract of land; the terntory situated in the vicinity of a city; the whole territory of a kingdom or state, as opposed to city; any region, kingdom, state, or less district; the kingdom, state, or territory in which one is born; a place of resi¬ dence, a region of permanent habitation. — a. Pertaining to the country or territory at a dis¬ tance from a city; rural; rustic ; pertaining or pecu¬ liar to one’s own country; rude; ignorant. Country-dance, kwn ' -tre-dmise, s. A dance m which the partners are arranged opposite to each other, la lines. Originally, and properly, Contre-danse. Countryman, kun ^- tre-niatif s. One born in the same country with another; one who dwells in the country, as opposed to a citizen ; a rustic; a farmer or hus¬ bandman; a man of plain, unpolished manners; an inhabitant or native of a region. . Country-seat, kun '- tre - sect ^ s. A dwelling in the country, used as a place of retirement from the city. Count-wheel, kownt'-hweel, 6. The wheel in a clock which causes it to strike. x. ^ ^ County, koxon'-tCf s. Formerly, the district or territory of a count or earl; but at the present time a circuit or particular portion of a state or kingdom, separated from the rest of the territory, for certain purposes in the administration of justice; sometimes called a shire.—Coxmty Palatvie is a county formerly invested with regal privileges, as those of Durham, Chester, and Lancaster.—Cownfy corporate is a title given to certain cities and boroughs wliich had beeu vested by the kings of England with peculiar privileges and immunities, as London. York, &c. ^ County-court, kown '- te-koartf s. A court whose juris¬ diction is Uraited to a county. The term is also ap plied to those local tribunals which were established m 1846 for the recovery of small debts. County-town, 8. The town where thfl courts of a county are held, or which gives the name Coup-db-grace, koo - de - gra ^, s. (Fr.) The finishing stroke. Coup-DB-MAiN, koo - de - main ^ t s. (Fr.) In military matters , a sudden attack x » ♦ « Coup-DE-BOLEIL, koo - de - 8 ol - Ul { Pt .) ^ Coup-D’^TAT, koo - da - td ', s. (Fr.) A sudden and dec! sive blow in politics ; a stroke of policy. Cou7-d’'-Atrf«-iny,s. Abeatlng withacow-hide. Cow-HotTSB, AhonfiC or building in which cows are kept or stabled. CowiBH.t kow-ish, a. Timorous; fearful; cowardly. Oow-aEEPER, kou/-keep-erf 6. One whose business is to keep cows. Cowxj, kowlyS. A monk's hood or habit. Cowled, a. Wearing a cowl; hooded. Cow-LBECH, kow'-leetch, s. One who professes to heal the diseases of cows. Cow-LBBCHiNo, kolo'’lectch’ingj s. The act or art of healing the distempers of cows. Cowlick, kou/^lik^ s. A tuft of hair turned up over the forehead, as if licked by a cow. CowiTKE, kovZ-Uke, a. ResenibliM a cow. Cowl-staff, kotoi'-staff, s. A staff or pole on which a vessel is supported between two persons. Co-woRKER, kO'Wurk'-er, s. One who works with another; a co-operator. Cow-PARSLBT, kow-pars’-ley 8. The wild umbelliferous plant, the uhcerophyllum tre.mulum. Gow-par8nip, kouZ-pars-nip^ s. A plant of the genus heracleuin ; the wild parsnip. Cow-pen, s. Apenforcows. Cow-pox, kow’-voks. s. The vaccine disease; a pustular affection which is transferred from the cow to the human body by inoculation, and acts as a preven¬ tive of the small-pox. CowRv, kow'-re^ s. A small shell, which passes as money in India and some portions of Africa. Cowslip, kow’-slip, s. A plant of the genus primula^ or primrose, of several varieties. Cow’s-LUNGWORT, kow^-lwiQ-wwt, 8. A plant of the genus verbascwn. Cow-TREE, kouZ-tre, 8. A tree of South America, which from its bark produces a nourishing milky fluid, and is described by Humboldt under the name of Galacto- dendron, or Milk-tree. The name of the Cow-ti’ee is also given to certain species of the Fig, which are Characterized by their milky juice. Cow-wBED, kotfZ-weedy s. A plant of the genus Chcero- phyllum, or chervil. Cow-wHEAT, kouZ-hxoeUy 8. A plant of the genus melam- pyrum. Cox, koks, 8. ) The hip, or coxendix ; the haunches; Oox.£, pi. j thus the os innominnta is some¬ times termed the osio cojres. Coxcomb, koks’-komc, s. The top of the head; the comb resembling that of a cock; a fop; a vain, showy fellow; a name given to a species of celosia, and some other plants. Coxcombry, kokZ-kome-rey s. The manners of a cox¬ comb; foppishness. CoxcoMiCAL, koks-kom’-e-kal, a. Foppish; vain; con¬ ceited. (Vulyar.) Co\y koy, &. Not accessible; not easily condescending to familiarity ; reserved, modest, or bashful. — v.n. To behave with reserve ; to be silent or distant • to refrain from speech or free intercourse; not freely to condescend. —$ V a. To allure or flatter. CoYisH, koy’-ish, a. Somewhat coy, or reserved. Coyly, ko^-le, ad. With reserve; with disinclination to famidarity. Coyness, hoy’ n««, s. Unwillingness to become fami¬ liar; reserve, shyiiees, modesty, bashfulness; disposi¬ tion to avoid free intercourse, by silence or retire¬ ment. Coz, kuty s A conti'action of cousin. Cozen, v.a. To cheat; to defraud; to deceive; to beguile. Cozenage, kus^n-qfe^ 8. Cheat; trick; fraud; deceit; artifice; the practice of cheating. Cozener, kuiZn-er, s. One who cheats or defrauds. Cozy, ko'-ze^ a. Snug; comfortable; talkative ; engaged in familiar and lively conversation. Crab, krab, s. In zoolo^. an animal of the class Crus¬ tacea, with the w'hole body covt^red by a crust-like shell.—In botmty, the fruit of the Pyrus acerba, or wild apple-tree, and so named from its sour taste.— A peevish, morose person ; a species of crane used by masoas for raising lai'ge stont^s; a wooden engine with three daws, for launching ships, and heaving them Infco the do^; a pillar used sometimes for the tame puiposc as a capstan; a sign in the zodiac. Crab, krab, a. Sour; rough; austere. Crab-apple, krab'-ap-pl, s. A wild apple. Crab-applb-tree, krab'-ap-pl-tree, s. A name given tO certain wild species of apple-tree, especially the Fyrus acerba. Crabbed, kralZ-bed or krahh*dy a. Sour, peevish, morose, or cynical, as applied to the temper; rough or harsh, as applied to tilings; diflicult; perplexing. Crabbedly, kralZ-bed-Uy Skd. Peevishly; roughly; mo¬ rosely. Crabbbdnbss. l;ray-6ed-nw. 8. Roughness; harshness, sourness; peevishness; asperity ; diificulty ; per¬ plexity. Crabber, 8. . The name of the water-rat. Crabby, a. Perplexing; difficult. Crab-qrass, krab'-gras, s. A genus of plants, the digi* taria. Crabitb, kralZ-ite, 8. In geol.. a name given to fossil crustaceans of the Crab kind. Crab-loosb, kraiz-lows, s. A small apterous insect, chiefly found on the human pubes. Crabro, kra’-broy 8. A genus of stinging Insects, of which the Hornet, C. vu garisy is the type, of the family Ch'nhro^nideBy or Crabronites. Crab’s-bye8, krabs’-ize, s.pl. Concretions formed in the stomach of craw-fish. Crab-yaws, krnb’-yawSy s. The name of an ulcerous disq^e in the West Indies, which forms on tlie soles of the feet. Cracida, Airay-e-de, 8. A family of large gallinaceous birds, the AUetors. Crack, krak^ v.a. To burst or open Into chinks; to break partially; to divide the parts a little from each other; to break or rend asunder with a sharp, abiaipt sound; to produce a sharp, abrupt sound, like that of rending; to snap; to aflect deeply, to pain; to tor¬ ture; to impair the intellectual faculties; to make crazy. — v.n. To burst; to split; to open in chinks; to fall to ruin, or to be impaired; to utter a loud or sharp, sudden sound; to boast; to brag. — 8. A disruption; a chink or fissure; a nan'OW breach; a crevice ; a partial separation of the parts of a substance, with or without an opening, a burst of sound, a sharp or loud sound, uttered suddenly, or with vehemence.; the sound of anything suddenly rent; a violent report, change of voice in puberty; craziness of intellect; an instant of time. — a. Having qualities to be boasted of (Low word.) Crack-brained, krak'-brayn'dy a. Having intellects impaired , crazy. Cracked, krakt, pp. or a. Burst or split; rent; broken; impaired, crazy. Cracker, krak’-er^ s. A noisy, boasting fellow; a fire¬ work; a quantity of gunpowder confined so as to explode with noise; a hard biscuit; that which cracks anything. Crack-hemp, AraA'-Ziewip, I 8. A wretch fated to the Cralk-rope, krakf-ropcy / gallows; one who deserves to be hanged. Cracking, A:ra/:'-«n 5 »,s. A breaking or dividing; a sharp, abrupt sound. Crackle, ArrtAr'-AI, v.n. To make alight cracks; tomake small, abrupt noises ; to crepitate. Crackling, kraJZ-hngy s. The making of small, abrupt cracks or reports; the rind of roasted pork. Cracknel, krak’-nel, s. A hard, brittle cake or biscuit. Cradle, fcrtZ-dl, s. A moveable m.achine, of various constructions, placed on curved pieces of board, for rocking children to sleep; infancy; that part of tlie stock of a cross-bow where the bullet is put.—In sur¬ gery, a case in which a broken leg is laid after being set.—In ship-buHdina, a frame placed under the bottom of a ship for launching; a stancLng bed.-^iead for wounded seamen.—In engraving, an instrument formed of steel, and resembling a chisel, with one eloping side, used in scraping mezzotints, and pre¬ paring the plate.—In husoanary, a frame of wood, with long, bending teein, to which is fastened a scythe, for cutting and laying oats and other grain in a svvath.—In/arr»#'n/, a kind of w'ooden neclUace, so constructed as to prevent horses from biting. — v.a. To lay in a cradle; to rock in a cradle; to com¬ pose, or quiet, to nurse in infancy; to cut and lay com with the instrument called a cradie. — v.n. To lie or lodge in a cradle. Cradle-clothes, kra'-dl-kloze, s.pl. The bed Clothe? belonging to a cradle OEADLED [ 227 ] CEASIS Ciu.DLBD, krc^-dldy pp. Laid or rocked in a cradle. CnADLB-scYTHB, kra*’dl'Bithey 8> A scythe used In a cradle for cutting grain Obadlino, kra'~dling, 8. Tlie act of using a cra^e.—In architecture, a term applied to the timber, ribs, and pieces for sustaining toe lathing and plastering of vaulted ceilings. CKArT, /craft, s. Arii ability i dexterity; skill, cun¬ ning or art; artifice; guile; skill or dexterity em¬ ployed to effect purposes by deceit; dexterity in manual occupation; manual art; trade .—Small craft, a term applied to small vessels of all kinds, as sloops, schooners, cutters, &c. —$ v.n. To play tricks. Cbaftily, krafi'-e-le, ad. "With craft, cunning, or guile, with more an than honesty. Cbaftimims, krn/t'-e-nes, 8. Artfulness; dexterity in devising and effecting a purpose; cunning, artifice, or stratagem. Craftsman, kraft^-man. s. An artificer; a mechanic; one skilled in a manual occupation. Craftsuastbr, krafts^^mas~t»r, s. One skilled in bis craft or trade. Crafty, kraf'-ie, a. Skilful in devising and pursuing a scheme, by deceiving others, or by taking advantage of their ignorance; cunning, artful, or fraudulent. Crag, krag, s. A rough, broken rock,or point of a rock. —In geology, gravel or sand of the old Pliocene for¬ mation, which is highly fossilliferous, and of a reddish " colour; ^formerly applied to the neck or throat. Crag-built, krag'-hilt, a. Built with fragments of craggy rocks. Cragoed, krag'-ged, a. Full of crags or broken rocks. Craogedness, krag'-ged-nes, s. The state of abounding with crags, or broken rocks. 0«iAooiNE8.s, kra^-ge-nes, s. The state of being craggy. Craggy, kragf-ge, a. Full of crags; abounding with broken rocks. Craee,$ krake, s. A boast.—In ornithologyy a bird, the Corn-crake. Craks-beret, krak^-ber-re, 8. A species of e7npttrum, or berry-beaiing heath. Crakbr 4 kr(^-ker, s. A boaster. Cram, kram, v.a. To stuff, to crowd, or to fill to super- fiui^, to fill with food beyond satiety; to thrust in by force; to crowd. — v.n. To eat greedily, or beyond satiety. Crambo, kram'-bo, s. A play in rhyme, in which one person gives a word or line to which another finds a rhyme. Crambos, kram'-bue, &. A genus of nocturnal lepi- dopterous insects, sometimes called Orass-moths. Crammed, kramm'd, pp. of the verb tg cram. Cramming, 8. A cant term in the univer¬ sities and other institutions for the act of preparing a student to pass an examination, when he is pre¬ viously furnished with the requisite qui'stions and answers. Cramp, A:rGwp,8. Restraint; confinement; that which impedes motion; the spasmodic and involuntary con¬ traction of a limb, or 8<'me nniscle of the body, attended with pain, and sonietinii-s with convulsions, or numbness . a piece of iron bent at the ends, serviiifj to hold together pieces of timl>er and stones; a eramp-iron. — v.a To pain or affect with spasms; to confine; t(» restrain, to hinder from action or expansion; to fasten, or hold with a cramp or cramp-iron. —i-a. Difficult, knotty. Cramp-iubh, kramp'-bark, s. A medicinal plant which product** a very acid fruit. Cramped, krnmt, pp, or a. Affected with spasm; con¬ vulsed; confined; restrained. Cramp-fish, krnmp'-Jish, s. The torpedo, or electric ray, the touch of which affects a person like electri- ci^. Cramp-iron, Asramiy-ii-Mm, 8. Apiece of iron or other metal, bent at each end, and used In masonry for fastening the stonework together OfcAMPooNs, krnmp-oout^, s.pl. Hooked pieces of iron, something like double callipers, for raising stones, timlier, and other heavy materials. Cranage, hre^-naje, s. The right of using a crane at a wharf for raising wares from a vessel; al^, tbe money or price pmd for the use of a crane. Crakberiit, kran-ber-re, s. A red berry, the Oxycocats paiwtris. that grows on peat-bogs or swampy land. It is used for tarts, ,. Cranch. See Craunch. Crane, krane, s. A migratory bird of the genus ffrus, allied to the heron, and belonging to the giallic or¬ der ; a machine for raising great weights, and moving them to a distance; a syphon, or crooked pipe, for drawing liquors out of a cask.— Crane linea, in nawii- cal language, are lines going from the upper end of the spnt-sail topmast to the middle of the tore-stays. Cranb^lt, krane-Jit, s. An insect of the genus tipula. Crane’s-bill, kranes'-bill, s. The plant geranium, of many species; a pair of pincers used by surgeons. Cramiognomt, kra-ne-on'-o-me, s The science of de¬ termining the properties or characteristics of the mind by the conformation of the skull. Craniolooical, kra-ne^o-lqf'-e-kal, a. Pertaining to craniology. Craniologist, kra-ne-ol'-o-jist, s. One who treats of craniology, or is versed in the science of the cranium. See Pbrknologt. Craniology, kra-n^-of-o-ye, 8. A discourse or treatise on the cranium or skull; or the science which in¬ vestigates the structui’e and us^ of the skiills In various animals. Craniometbr, kra ne-om'-e-ter, s. An instrument for measuring the skulls of animals. Craniometrical, kra'ne-o-met'-re-kal,&. Pertaining to craniometry. Craniometry, ira-ne-o7rt'-«-fr*, 8. The art of measur¬ ing the cranium or the skulls of animals for the pur¬ pose of discovering their distinguishing character- tics. Cranioscopt, kra-ne-os'-ko-pe, 8. The inspection or examination of skulls and judging of their character¬ istics by their breadth or leng^, and the prominences produced thereon by the brain. Cranium, A:ra'-n«-um, 8. The skull of an animal; the assemblage of bones which inclose the brain. Crank. &mnib, 6. An iron axis^ with a part bent like an elDow, for producing a honxontal or peipendicular motion by means of a rotary action, or the oontrary, any bend, turn, or winding; a sportive twisting or turning in speech; an iron brace for various pur¬ poses. Crank, krank. la. In 8eamen’$ language, liable to Cranky, kran'-ke, j be overset, as a when she is too narrow, or has not sufficient ballast; stout, bold, full of spirit. Crank, ) Y.n. To run in a winding course, Cram klb , kran'-kl, ] to bend, wind, and turn; to crin kle. — v.a. To break into bends, turns, or angles; to crinkle. —f s. A bend or turn; a crinkle. Cranklbd, krnn'-kld, pp. of the verb to crankle. Cranklbs, kran'-kU, s.pl. Angular prominences. Cranknf. 88, fcran*'-n«5, 8. Liability to be overset, as a ship, stoutness; erectness. Crannied, Aran'-ntd, a. Having rents, chinks, or fis¬ sures. Cranny, krnn’-ne, s. A rent, chink, or fissure; a hole a secret retired place.—In glass-making, an iron in strument for forming the neckn of gbisseH Crants, krauts, s.pl. Garlands carried befbi-e the bier of H maiden, ana huni: ove*r her grave Crape, krape, s. A thin, transparent, silkeE fabric, from which the glo.ting-milly 8. A mill used for grind • ing tin. Crazy, kra’-ze, a. Broken; decrepit; weak; feeble, disordered in intellect; deranged, weakened, or shattered in mind. Creak, kreeky v.n. To make a sharp, harsh, grating sound. Creaking, kreek'-ing, s. A harsh, grating sound. Cream, Aireem, s. The oily part of milk, which, when the milk stands unagitated in a cool place, rises and forms a scum on the surface.— Cream of tartar, puri¬ fied tartar or argal. — v.a. To skim; to take off cream by skimming. — v.n. To gather cream; to froth or mantle; to grow stiff, or formal. Cream-bowl, kreem'-bowl, s. A bowl for holding cream. Cream-cheese, kreem'-tcheese, s. Cream dried sufficiently to be cut with a knife. Cream-faced, kreem'-fayst, a. 'White; pale; having a coward look. Cream-fruit, kreem'-frute, s. An eatable fruit found at Sierra Leone. Cheam-xut, kreenV-nuty 8. A name sometimes given to the Brazil nut. Cream-pot, kreem’-pot. s. A vessel for holding cream. Creamy, kreef-me, a. iSill of cream; like cream; having the nature of cream; luscious. Creancer kre'-ans, s. In falconry, a fine, small line, fasten^ to a hawk’s leash when she is firat lured. Crease, kreece, s. A line or mark made by folding or doubling anything; a hollow streak, like a groove. — v.a. To make a crease or mark in a thing by folding or doubling. Creased, kreest, pp. Marked by doubling. Creasotb, kre^-h~sote. See Creosote. Create, kre-ate', v.a. To produce; to bring into being to cause to exist; to beget; to generate; to bring forth; to shape and organize; to form anew; to change the state or character. — a. Begotten; composed; made up. Created, kre-a'-ted, pp. of the verb to create. Creation, kre-a'-shun, s. The act of creating or causing to exist; the act of shaping and organizing; the act of investing with a new character; the act of pro¬ ducing; the things created; the world; the universe, anything produced or caused to exist. Creational, kre-a'-shun-al, a. Pertaining to creation. Creative, kre-a'-tiv, a. Having the power to create, or exerting the act of creation. Creativeness, kre-a'‘tiv-neSy s. State of being creative. Creator, kre-a'-tor, s. The being or person that creates; the thing that creates, produces, or causes the great Supreme. Creatress, kre-a'-tress, 8. A female who makes or creates anything. Creature, kretef-tchur, s. That which is created; every¬ thing not self-existent ; an animal of any kind; a living being; a beast; a general terra for a human being; a human being, in contempt; a word of en¬ dearment ; a pei*son who owes his rise or fortune tc another; a dependent. Creaturelt, kretef-tchur-le, a. Having the qualities of a creature. Creaturbship, krete^-tchur-ship, s. The state of a creature. Credence, kr^-dens, s. Belief, faith, or confidence, that which gives a claim to credit or belief. —t v.a. To give credence to; to believe. Credenda, kre-den'-ddy s.pl. In theology, things to be believed, articles of faith; distinguished from af?enc?a, or practical duties. CREDENT.t kr^-denty a. Believing; easy of belief, having credit; not to be questioned. Credential, kre-den'-shal, a. Giving a title to credit. Credentials, kre-den'-shals, s.pl. That which gives a title to credit or confidence; the warrant on which belief or authority is claimed. Credibility, kred-e-bil'-e-te, s. Claim to credit or belief; the quality or state of a thing which renders it possible to be believed; worthiness of belief. Credible, kred'-e-bl, a. Worthy of credit; woithy of belief; having a claim to credit. Crediblexess, kred^re-bl'nes, s. Worthiness of belief, just claim to credit. CREDIBLY [ 229 ] CREVICE Oeediblt, lired* e-hle, ad. In a manner deserving of belief. Credit, kred^-it^ s. A reliance of the mind on the truth of something said or done; belief, faith, trust, or confidence; reputation; estimation; integrity, high standing or estimation with the public; that which procures or is entitled to belief; testimony; authority derived from one’s character, or from the confidence of others; influence; interest; power de¬ rived from weight of character, fidelity, or other cause.—In commerce, confidence in a man’s commer¬ cial dealings, or the reputation of solvency and ])ro- bity, which entitles a man to be trusted; the time given for payment of goods sold on trust.—In book¬ keeping, the side of an account in which payment is entered; opposed to debit.—Public credit, tlie confi¬ dence which men entertain in the ability and dispf)si- tion of a nation to make good its engagements with Its creditors.— Bills of credit, notes or bills issued by the public. • — v.a. To believe; to confide in the truth of; to trust; to do credit; to set to the credit of. CREDITA.BLB, kred'-U-A-bl, Reputable; that may be enjoyed or exercised with reputation or esteem; estimable. Credit A.BLENBSS, kred*-it-d-bl-nes, s. Reputation; esti¬ mation. Creditably, kred'-it-A-ble, ad. Reputably; with cre¬ dit; without disgrace. Credited, kred'-it-ed, pp. of the verb to credit Creditor, kred'-it-ur, s. A person to whom a sum of money or other thing is due, by obligation, promise, or in law; one who gives credit in commerce; one who has a just claim for money. Creditrix, kred'-it-riks , s. A female creditor. Credulity, kre-deio'-le-te, s. Easiness of belief, a weakness of mind in giving assent to a declaration or proposition; a disposition to believe on slight evidence. Credulous, kred'-u-lus, a. Apt to believe without suffi¬ cient evidence; unsuspecting; easily deceived. Credulously, kred'-u-his-le, ad. ‘With credulity. Credulousness, kred'-u-his-nes, s. Credulity; easiness of belief; readiness to believe without sufficient evidence. Creed, kreed, s. A brief summary of the articles of Christian faith; that which is believed; any system of principles which are believed or professed. Creek, tereek, v.a. To make a harsh, sharp noise. — 8. A small inlet, bay, or cove ; a recess in the shore of the sea, or of a river; any turn or winding.— Creek Indians is the name applied to a large tribe of the native inhabitants of the United States of America, who formerly occupied all the countries lying north of lat. 31®. Crbeky, kreekf-e, a. Containing creeks; full of creeks; winding. Creel, kreel, s. An osier basket. Creep, kreep, v.n. (pp. crept.) To move with the belly on tlie ground, as a worm or serpent, or as many wingless insects with feet and very short legs; to crawl; to grow along; to move slowly, feebly, or timorously; to move slowly and insensibly; to move secretly; to steal in; to behave with servility; to fawn. Creeper, kreep -er, s. A person or thing that creeps; a reptile; a creeping plant, which moves along the surface of the earth, or attaches Itself to some other body; an iron used to slide along the grate in kit¬ chens ; a kind of patten or clog worn by women; an instrument of iron with hooks or claws for drawing up things from the bottom of a well, river, or har¬ bour.—A small bird of the genus Certhta, allied to the Woodpeckers and Wrens. Creephole, kreej/-hole, s. A hole into which an animal may creep to escape notice or danger; a subterfuge; an excuse. • Creeping, kreep*-ing, s. The act of creeping. Creepinoly, kreepf-ing-le,9A, By creeping; slowly; in the manner of a reptile. Cremaillerej krem'-al-yere, 8. In fortification, an in¬ dented or zigzag outline. Cremation, kre-ma*-shun, s. A burning; the burning of the dead, according to the custom of many ancient nations, and still practised in the East. Cremona, kre-m(y-na s. A superior kind of violin, made or invented at Cremona, in Italy. Cremor, krd-mor, s. Cream; any expressed juice of grain; a juicy substance resembling cream la. Notched; Indented; scoU a,) Orenate, Crenated, krd-nate-ed, J lop^r Crenaturb^ kreyV-&-ture,i. A scoUop, Uke a notch, in a leaf, or m the style of a plant. * CRpAux, A»*en'-o,8.pl. Small loopholes made through the walls of a fortified place. ® CuENULATE, kren*-u-late, a. Having the edge eut into very small scollops. Creole, krtf-oU, s. A native of ^anish America or the West Indies, descended from European ancestors. Creosote, kr^-o-sote, s. An antiseptic principle, the product of wood, decomposed in a certain manner, an oily, colourless liquid, with the smell of smoke. Crepance, krd-pance, 1 s. A chop or scratch in a home’s Crepake, kre'-pane, / leg, caused by the shoe of one hind foot crossing and striking the other. Crepitate, krep'-e-tate, v.n. To crackle; to snap; to burst with a sharp, abrupt sound. Crepitation, krep-e-ta'-shun, a. The act of bursting with a frequent repetition of sharp sounds; the noise of some salts in calcination; crackling ; the noise of fractured bones, when moved by a surgeon to ascer¬ tain a fracture. Crepon, 8. A stuff made of wool, or silk, re¬ sembling crape. Crept, krept, pret. and pp. of to creep. Crepuscle, kre- 2 ms'-kl. 'j s. TwUight: the light of Crepuscule, kre-pus'-knle, j the morning from the first dawn to sunrise, and of the evening from sunset to darkness. Crepi scular, Are-pMj'-Aiu-Zar, > a. Pertaining to twi- Crepusculous, ) light; glimmering. Crescendo, kres-sen^-do, s. In muatc, an increas¬ ing volume of voice. Crescent, s. The increasing or new moon, which, when receding from the sun, shows a curving rim of light, terminating in points or horiis; the figure or likeness of the new moon; the Tui’kish standard, and, figuratively, the Ikirldsh power.—In heraldry, a bearing in the form of a half-moon. The name of a militaiy order, instituted by Renatus of Anjou. — a. Increasing; growing. — v.a. To form into a crescent. Crescent-vormbd, kres'-sent-fawrm d, a. Formed like a crescent. Crescent-shaped, kres'-sent-shaypt, a. Lunated; shaped like a crescent. Crescented, kre^-sent-ed, a. Adorned with a crescent. Crescive, kre^-siv, a. Increasing; growing. Cress, kres, s. The name of several species of plants, of the genus Nasturtium, having a warm aromatic taste, and much esteemed as a salad.—The ffater- cress is the N. officinale of botany, and grows com¬ monly in our running streams or ditches. Cresset, kres'-set, s. A great light set on a beacon, light-house, or watch-tower; a lamp or torch. Crest, krest, s. The plume of feathers or other material on the top of the ancient helmet; the comb of a cock; any tuft or ornament worn on the head; lofti - ness,pride, or coui*age. — v.a. To furnish with a crest; to mark with long streaks. Crest-fallen, kresf-fawVn, a. Dejected, bowed, dis¬ pirited, or heartless; having the upper pai*t of the neck hanging on one side, as a horee. Crest-marine, krest-ma-reen', s. Rock samphire. Cbestless, a. Without a crest; not dignified with coat-ai’mour; not of an eminent family; of low birth. Crested, kresf-ed, pp. or a. Wearing a crest; adorned with a crest or plume; having a comb. Cretaceous, kre-ta*-she-us, a. Chalky; having the qualities of chalk; like chalk • abounding with chalk. Crbtated, kre~ta*-ted, a. Rubbed with chalk. Cretin, kref-tin, s. A name given to certain deformed and helpless idiots in the v^eys of the Alps. Cretinism, kre'-lin-izm, s. The state of a cretin. Crbtism, krg'-tizm, s. A falsehood; a Cretan practice, from the character of the Cretans, as liaiE, &c. Chbtose, a. Chalky; cretaceous. Crevasse, kre-vassd, s. A deep crevice; a breach. Crevbt, crev*-et, s. A melting pot used by goldsmiths. Crevice, kref/-is, s. A naiTow opening made by a Reparation in the parts of bodies; a crack; a rent or fissure. — v.a. To crack; to flaw, CREVIS [ 230 ] CRIPPLE Ttecra’W-flsh Crew, krew, s. A company of people associated; a company (t?i a low, or bad setise); tlie company of sea¬ men oeliingins to a vessel; a band or gang (*» a con- tejnptiious sensc). — T.n., pret. of to crow. Crewel, kru'-el, s. Two-threaded worsted yam, slackly twisted. Crib, irifa, 8. The manger of a stable In which oxen and cows feed , a small habitation or cottage, a stall for oxen; cx case or box in salt-works; a small frame for a child's bed.— Crib-biting, a bad habit peculiar to some horses, which is occasioned by uneasiness in the breeding of teeth, or from bad feeding. — v.a. To shut or confine in a narrow habitation; to cage, to pilfer (imgar). — + v.n. To be confined; to be cooped up. Crtbbagb, krih'-haje, 8 A. game at cards, in which the dealer makes up a third hand for himself, partly from the hand of his opponent. — Cribbnge-boara is a marked board on which the progress of the game is numbered. Cribbed, krihd^ pp. Shut up; confined. Cribble, s. A coarse sieve or screen; coarse flour or meal. — v.a. To sift; to cause to pass through a sieve or riddle. Cribration, kre-bra'-shunt 8. The act of sifting or riddling. Cribriform, krib'-re-fawmif a. Resembling a sieve or riddle; perforated like a sieve. Crichtonite, kri'-ton-ite, s. A mineral of a velret- black colour, and crystallized in a rhomboidal form; so called from Doctor Crichton. Crick, s. Local spasm or cramp; fthe creaking of a door. Cricket, krikf-kit, s. A favourite English game played with bats and ball, and two wickets set up at a given distance, the object of the bowler &eing to strike the wicket, and the batsman to guard it. When the ball is struck with sufficient force to allow time for the hatsnian to run from one wicket to the other, one is counted for every run; but when the wicket is struck by the ball, the batsman is ouL—Also the name of a Well-known insect, of which there are different kinds, as the (h-yllua domestieus (the House-cricket), Gryllus eampestris (the Field-cricket), and the Qryllotaipa (the Mole-cricket). Cricketer, AriA'-Ati-er, s. One who plays at the game of cricket. Cricket-match, kril^-kiUmateh, s. A match at cricket. Cricoid, knk'-oyd, a. Annular or ring-shaped.—The Cricoid cartilage is the cartilage of the larynx. Cb’ed, kride, pret. and pp. of to ery. Crier, Ari'-er, 8. One who cries; one who makes pro¬ clamation. Crim.-Con., AWm-A«*, j or bows and flatters with servility. Cringle, kring'-gl, s. A hole in the bolt-rope of a ship’s sail, with a ring or thimble in it. Crinicdltural. krin-e-kul'-tehu-ral, a. Helatingto the gixiwth of hair. Criniqeb, krin'-C’jery s. A genus of Thrushes, so called from the strong setee, or hairs, on their bills. Criniqbrous, Ar«-ny'-e-rMs, a. Hairy; overgroYvn Yvith hair. Crinitr, kri'-nitBy a. Having the appearance of a tuft of hair. Crinkle, ArtV-Al, v.n. To turn or wind; to bend; to wrinkle; to run In and out in little or shoit bends or turns. — v.a. To form with short turns or wiinkles; to mould into inequalities. — s. A wrinkle ; a winding or turn; sinuosity. ■ Crinoidal^ Ar«-n<>/-, a. Covered with a crust. ^ CrustAT ioN, kr%is~ta'-'shufif 8. A.n adherent covering, an incrustation. . Cri’oTed, krus"-ted, pp. Cover<’d with a crust. Crustilv./ crus'-^6-/e, ad. Peevishly; morosely. Crustiness, kru^-te-ncSy 8. The quality of crusty , hardness; peevishness; morospess. Crusty, krtis'-te, a. Of the nature of crust. Cryptogamia-N, a. Pert Crtptooamic, Artp-io-pam'-tA;, \ plants c CRYPTOOAMors, krip-tog'-A-muSy ) Oryptog being hard; snappish; pee- abrupt in speech or manner; sui’ly vish, morose. , » i. i Crut, krut, 8. The rough, shaggy part of oak bark. Crutch, krufsh, s. A staffer support used by cripples — Figur.y old age. — v.a. To support on crutches; to prop or sustain. Crutched, krutshty pp. or a. Supported with crutches. Cruth 1 kruth, 8. A musical instrument formerly Crwth, ) used in Wales, which resembled a violin. Crdx.4 krux, s. Anything that puzzles, vexes, or tries in the hiuhesl degree ; the name of a Southern con¬ stellation, containing seven stars. l. Cry kri, v.n. To speak, call, or exclaim with vehe¬ mence; to utter a loud voice In weeping; to weep or lament, to exclaim; to proclaim ; to bawl; to squall, as a child, to yelp, as a dog.~To cry to ex¬ claim, or utter a loud voice, by way of reproof, threat¬ ening, or censure.— To cry oxit, to exclaim ; to vocife¬ rate ; to scream, to clamour; to shout. To cry out againsty to complain loudly, with a view to censure; to blame; to utter censure.—To cry ^o,to call on in prayer, to implore. . . vi- i — v.a. To proclaim; to name loudly and publicly for giving notice.— To cry doton, to decry; to condemn.— To cry «», to praise; to applaud. — s. (pi. Cribs). A loud or vehement sound, utt^ed in weeping, or lamentation; exclamation of triumph, of wonder, or ot other passion ; proclamation; public notice, the notices of hawkers of wares to be sold in the street are called cries; bitter complaints of op¬ pression and injustice, the sound or voice of irrational animals, expression of joy, fright, alarm, or want; a pack of dogs. Crybr, kri'-er,^. See Cribr- Crying, Acrt'-iny, a. Notorious. — 8. Importunate call; clamour; outcry. Cryolite, kri'-o-Utey s. A rare mineral from Green¬ land , a tiuate of soda and aluiriine. Cryopborus, kri~of'~er-uSy s. Frost bearer; an mstru ment for freezing water by its own evaporation. Crypt kript,h A concealed or subteiranean cell orcave, especially under a church, for the interment of per- sona.—In botany and zoology word Orypt\9,of frequent occurrence as a prefix to scientific wordS; and implies something concealed; as in Cryptogamxa. concealed fructification. ^UTPTic, *>ip' , , la. Hidden; secret; occult. ^ Cryptical, krtp -te-kal. ) Cryptically, krtp' te-kal-ley ad. Secretly. CRYpriDiE, krip'-te-de, s. A family of Hymenopterous insects. r -i ^ Cryptocorynb.®, krtp-to-ko-rin'-e-Cy 8. A family Oi plants of the natural order Aracece. Crtptooamia, krip-to-gaf-tne-A, 1 3. Concealed fructifi Cbyptoga-mt, krip-tog^-A-mef ) cation, a name given to that class of plants whose stamens and pistils are not difftinstly visible. ertalnmg to of the class 'Oryptognmia; in¬ cluding ferns, mosses, sea-weeds,'mushrooms, Sx. Cbyptoqamist, krip-tog'-A-niisty s. One who is skilled ^ in cryptogamic botany. Cryptographer, krip-log'-rd-fer, s. One who writes in secret characters. CRYPToaRAPHicAL, krtp-to-Qraf -e-koly a. Written in secret characters or in cipher. Cryptography, krip-tog'-rA-feyS. The act or art of writing in secret characters. Cryptology, krip~tol'~o-je, s. Secret or enigmatical language. ^ypT«>RYNCHiDE8, krtp-io-rtn'-ke-dcs, s. A family of ^Coleopterous insects, containing above twenty genera; and upwards of ninety species are natives ol Hritain. Crystal^ hris'-tal, s. An inorganic body, whii h, by the operation of affinity, has assumed ‘■.he fonu of a regular solid, terminated by a certain number of plane and smtiolh surtaces; a factitious body, cast in the glass-houses, called Crystal ^lass; a species of glass, more perfect in its composition and manufacture than common glass.— Mock crystaly transparent or culouiiess quartz. . a. Consisting of crystal, or like civstal. Crtstal-porm, kri^-tai-fawrtn, a. Having the form of crystal. Crystallina, kris-taV-le-nfiy s. An alkaloid obtained from Indtgofera tiucton'iay the Indi| a. In botany, CuNBATB-ovATE, kev/-ne~ate-o'~vate, ] having a shape between obovate and wedge-shaped, and between egg-shaped and wedge-shaped. Cuneiform, kexo-nt-e-fau>rm,) a. Having the shape or CuNiroRM, kew'-ne-fawrm, j form of a wedge.—C«- neiform letters are those in which the old Persian and Babylonian inscriptions are written, and aie so termed on account of their wedge-like appearance. CuNBTTB, ku-nef, s. In fortification, a trench at the bottom of a dry ditch. Cunning, kun'~ning, a. Knowing; skilful: experi¬ enced; artful; shrewd; crafty; designing; deceitful, trickish; employing stratagems for a bad purpose; ^wrought with skill; curious; ingenious. — 8. The faculty or act of using stratagem to accom- lish a purpose. Jn a bad sense, deceitfulness or eceit; fraudulent skill or dexterity; art; craftiness; suhtilty; duplicity; $ skill; dexterity. Cunningly, kun'-ning~le, ad. Artfully; craftily; with subtilty. CuNNiNG-MAN, kwV-ning-man, 8. A man who pretends to tell fortunes, or teach how to recover stolen or lost goods. Cunningness, kuiV-ning-nes, s. Canning; craft; de¬ ceitfulness. Cop, kup, a. A small vessel of capacity, used com- monlv to drink out of; tke liquor contained m a cup, anything hoilow, like a cup; a glass cup or vessel used for drawing blood in scarification.—In a Scrip¬ tural sense, suff'erings and afflictions; blessings and iilK il I 1 feTOTiK.—in the plwra*f social cnlettalnment in drinking. Sop, v.a. In surgery, to apply a cnpping-elass to pro¬ cure a discharge of blood from a scarined part of the body; tto supply with cups. Cdp-bbahbr, kui/-bare-ery s. An officer of the king’s household; an attendant to give wine at a feast. Cupboard, kubf-burd, s. Originallyy a board or shelf for cups to stand on.—In modern houeesy a small case or inclosure in a room, with shelves, destined to receive cups. Pj^ates. dishes, &c. — v.a. To collect into a cupboard; to hoard. CuPBOARDBD, kub'-burd-edy pp. Deposited in a cup¬ board. Cupel, keuf~p«ly s. A small cup or vessel used in refining precious metals. CuPBL-DusT, kew'-pel-dusty s. Powder used in puri^ing metals CuPBLLATiOR, kew-pel-la'-shun, %. The refining of gold, silver, and some other metals in a cupel, or by scorifl- Oation. Cup-OALL, kujy-gatily s. A kind of gall found on oak leaves. Cupid, kew'-pidy s. In mythology, the god of love. OuPiDiNous, ku-pid'~in-u8y a. Desirous of unlawful pleasures. Cupidity^ ku-pid'-e-te^ s. An eager desire to possess something ; an Inordinate or unlawful desire of wealth or power; avarice, covetousness, or grasping. Cup-Moss, kup'-mos, s. A vague term for a plant called a moss. Cupola, keta'-po-lA, s. A dome; a spherical vault on the top of on edifice. Cdppbd, kupt, pp. Bled by means of cupping-glasses. CupPBRj kup'-psTy 8. One who applies a cupping-glass; a scarifier Cupping, ku}/-ping. ppr. or 8. Applying a cupping- glassj with scarification; a drawing blood with a cupping-glass. CuPFiNo*oLA8s, kuo'-ping glas, s. A glass vessel like a cnp), to be applied to the skin, before and after scarifi¬ cation, for drawing blood. Cdprjous, kew'-pre-tiiy a. Coppery^ consisting of cop¬ per ; resenoibUng copper, or paitaking of its qualities. CupRsss&s, ku-^res'-se-e, s. A sub-order of the Pi- naoMBy of which the Cupressus is the type, distin¬ guished botanically from the Abietm in having the ovules erect, and the pollen spheroidal. CcPRiPBRous, ku-pr^'-er-usy a. Producing or affording copper. Cup-rose, kup^-rote. s. The poppy. Cup-shaped, kup'-shaypty a. Shaped like a Cun. Cupula, ket^-pu-ld, 1 s. In botany y the cup of the acom, CupuLB, kerP-pule, j husk of the filbert, chestnut, &c. CuPULiFEROus, keto-pu~lif*-er-‘uSy a. Bearing cupules. Cur, kiiTy s. A degenerate dog; and, tn reproach, a wortliless man. Curable^ keu/-r&-bl. a. That may be healed or cured; admitting a remedy. CuRABLBNESs, keuZ-rd-bl-nes, 8. Possibility of being cui’ed or remedied. Curaooa, kew-ra-so'-hj 8. A liqueur or cordial, flavoured with orange peel, cinnamon, and mace, and deriving its name mom the island of Curaooa, where it is best made. CvRACj, kew'-rA-se, ) g. Tlie office or employ- CuRATBSHiP, / ment of a curate; a benefice held by licence from the bishop. Curakine, keif/-rh-rin, 8. An alkaloid obtained from the Woorara tree of South America. CuRASsow, ku-rasf-sOy s. The common name given to the large-crested gallinaceous birds of the genera Crax and Ourax. Curate, keu/-rate, s. A clergyman in the Church of England, either stipendiary or perpetualy who per¬ forms the duty of the Incumbent, parson, or vicar, and receives a mlary for his service*. CuRATioN,{ ku-ra'-shun, 6. Curing, healing. Curative, ketc'-rA-tiv, a. Kelating to the cure of diseases, tending to cure. Curator, kn-ra'-tur. %. One who has the care and superintendence ot anything, as the Curator of a museum, university, &c. A guardian appointed by law. CuRATRix. ku-ra'-irix, s. She that cures or heals. Curb, Kurb, s. In the manege, a chain of iron made fast to the upper part of the branches of the bridle, in a hole called tlwi eye, and running over the beaiu of the horse.—JVgrvrflftvefy, restraint; check; hin¬ drance, A frame or a wall round the mouth of a well, — Curb-roof is a roof rounded on the top, having two slopes on each side.— Curb-stofie is a stone placed at the edge of a pavement to hold the work together. It is written sometimes kerb or kirb. Curb, v.a. To restrain, to guide and manage; to hold back; to confine; to furnish or surround with a curb, as a well. Curbed, kurbd, pp. Restrained; kept in subjection. Curbing, Arwr/Z-tn^, 8. A check. Cttrblbss, kurt/-i€s, a. Having no curb or restraint. CuRcuLio, kur-k&w'-le-o, s. A general name for the Coleopterous insects of the large family Ourculiomdee, which devour fruits, or the larvae of such as do so. CuRcuMiNE, kur'-kxt-mine. s. The colouiing matter obtained from the roots of the plant Curcuma Longa, or Turmeric plant. Curd, kurd, s. Tlie copulated or thickened part of milk, which is formed into cheese. — v.a. To cause to coagulate , to turn to curd. CcRDBU, kiird' edy pp. Coagulated. Curdle, kur’-dl, v.n. To coagulate; to thicken, or change into curd. — v.a. To change into curd; to cause to thicken, coagulate, or congeal. Curdled, kur'-dld, pp. or a. Coagulated; congealed. Curdy, kur'-de, a. Like curd, full of curd ; coagulated. Curb, ketor, s. The act of healing; restoration to health from disease, and to soundness from a wound; that which cures or heals; the employment of a curate ; spiritual charge. — v.a. To head; to restore to health; to remedy; to remove an evil, and restore to a good state; to Yaving maimer. Curly knr'~le,n.. Having curls; tending to curl, mil of Curly-headed, or Curly-pated, is having hair naturally curled. . . u , Curmudgeon, kur-mud'-je-on, s. An avaricious,churlish fellow , a miser; a niggard; a churl. , Curmudgeonly, kur-mnd'-je-on-le, a. Avaricious; co¬ vetous, niggardly; churlish. . „ ,, , Currant, kur'-rant, s. The fruit of a well-lmoYvn shrub belonging to the genus ribes, a small kind ot dried grape, imported iVom the Levant.—Ourmni- worts are plants belonging to the natural order Gros- mlanacea. Currency , kur'-^ren-se, s. Lite^'ally, a flowing, running or passing; a continued or uninterrupted course, like that of a stream; a continual passing from hand to hand, ascoinorbills of credit; the circulating medium of a state, issued by authority, either as coin, or m the form of paper, commonly called Bloneyj the rate at which anything is generally valued; that which is current, or in circulation, as a medium of trade. Current, kur'-rent, a. Literally, flowing, running, pas'ing, general, or fashionable; popular; estab¬ lished by common estimation; generally received; passable ; that which passes from hand to liaud, as the current coin of the realm. — B A floW'ing or passing; a stream; a progressive motion of the water in the sea or a lake, &c., at cer¬ tain places; course; progressive motion or inovemi nt; continuation, a connected series.—In electricity, the passage of the electric fluid frpra one pole ot an ap¬ paratus to the ot\\QV.—A!mosphcric. currents are the disturbances of the atmospheric mass, from regular or accidental causes, which constitute w'lnds; a^d Sno- terranean currents are those vast streams of water which flow beneath the surface of the earth through the limestone or granite rocks, and contribute to the fonnation of cavenis. , , CuRRENTE O.KI.SMO, kur-ren ^te knl-d-yrto. (Lat.) vVith a mnniiig pen; oflf-hand; rapidly. . , Currently, kur-rent-le, ad. in constant motion; with continued progression; commonly; generally; popu- CuRRENTNEss, kur^-rent-Tics, s. Currency; circulation; general reception; fluency. Curricle, kur’-re-kl, s. A chaise or caiTiage with two wheels, drawn by two horses abreast >4“^ chaiiot, a course. Curriculum, 8. (Lat.) A race-conrse ; \ place for running; a chariot, &c.; a course in gene¬ ral, especially as applied to a course of study m the Pressed by cunying; public schools- CuRRiED, kur'-rid. pp. or a. cloaiied, prepared^ ^ , Curbier, kur'-re-er, s. One who dresses and colours leather after it is tanned. Currish, W-mA, a. Like a cur; having the quaUties ef a cur, brutal; malignant; quarrelsome. CuRRisBLY, kur'-rish-le, ad. Like a cur; in a brutal manner. , , Currishness, kur'-rish-ne$, s. Moroseness, churhsh- Curry, kur*-re, 8. A kind of sauce much used in India, containing red pepper and other strong spices. It is poured on food, which is hence spoken of as curried rice. fowl, &c.. a stew of fowl^ fish, &c., cooked with curry-sauce.— Oitrry-poierfer is a condi¬ ment for which there are a variety of receipts, the chief of which are cayenne, coriander seed, black pepper, mushroom powder, and cumin. — v.a To dress leather after it Ls tanned; to soak, pare or scrape, cleanse, beat, and colour tanned hides, and prepare them for use; to rub and clean with a comb; to scratch or claw; to tear in quarrels; to make smooth; to tickle by flattery; to humour.— To curry favour is to seek or gain favour by flattery, caresses, or officious civilities. CuBRT-coMB, kur'-re-kome, s. An iron instrument or comb for rubbing and cleaning horges. CuRRTiNQ, h%i‘/*re-ing, s. The art of dressing ekins after they are tanned, or of giving them smoothness, lustre, coloui’, and suppleness; the act of rubbing down a horse. Curse, kurse, v.a. To imprecate evil upon; to execrate; to injure; to vex, harass, or torment with great cala¬ mities; to devote to evil. — v.n. To utter imprecations; to affirm or deny with imprecations of divine vengeance. — 8. Imprecation of evil; great vexation; condemna¬ tion; sentence of divine vengeance on sinners; do- nun cm tion of evil; malediction, execration, or ex¬ communication. ^ ^ Cursed, kurst, pp. Execrated; afflicted; blasted by a curse; devoted to destruction. — a. Deserving a curse; execrable; hateful; detest¬ able ; abominable. Cursedly , kurs^-ed-le, ad. In a cursed manner ; miser¬ ably. (Vulgar.) CuRsrDNEss, kursf~€d-nes, 8. The state of being under a curse, or of being doomed to execration. CuRSER, kur's-er, s. One who curses, or utters a curse. CuRSHiP, kuV-shipyS. Dogship; meanness; ill-nature. Cursing, kur*s-ing, s. Execration; the uttering of a. curse; a dooming to vexation or misery. CuRsiTOR, kur'‘se-tur, s. A clerk in the Court of Chan eery, whose business is to make out original writs.— Cursitor Baron is an officer of the Court of Exchequer, who attends at Westminster to open the court pnor to the commencement of each of the four terms, with other duties. , „ CuRSTVE* kur'-siv, a. Running; flowing.—OufMue nanu. is a running hand. CuRsoRABYjt kur^-so-rd-re. a. Cursory ; hasty. CuRSOREs, kur-seZ-res, s.pi (1-at.) The Coursers, an order of birds, so called from the velocity with whmh they run ; comprising the ostrich, emu, cassowary, &c. CuRSORiA, kur-so*-re-(i, 8. A family of Orthopterous insects, comprising the cockroach, eai’-wig, mantis, &c. Cursorily, kur'-eo-re-le, ad. In a ninning or hasty manner; slightly; without attention. Cursoriness, kuiZ-so-re-nes, 8. SRght view or alten* tion- . , , Cursory, kur'-so-re, a. Running ; not with close atteu- . tion; running about; not stationary; hasty, super¬ ficial, or desiutoi-y- Curst, hurst, a. Hateful; detestable; vexatious; ma¬ lignant; mischievous. CuRSTNEss, fcursi'-nes, s. Peevishness; malignity; u'O- wardness; crabbedness; surliness. CuRT,-i-a. Short; brief. j Curtail, kur-taleZ, v.a. To shorten, to cut off the end or a part; to abridge, diminish, or contract. ^ CuRTAiL-DOG, s. A dog whose tail-is cut off, according to the forest laws, and therefore hin¬ dered from coursing. ^ ^ Curtailed, kur-tayld', pp. Cut short or shorter abridged. , ^ CuRTAiLER, kur-tail -er, 8. One who cuts off an^hing. Curtailing, kur-taiV-ing, s. Abridgment; abbrevia¬ tion. _ Curtailment, kur-taiV-tnent, s. An abridgment, or shortening of anything. CuRTAiL-STEP, kur'-tale-stcp, 8. The lowest step lu a flight of stairs, ending at its outer extremity m a scroll. . ^ V. j Curtain, kur*-tin, s. A cloth hanging round a bed, or at a window, which may be conti’acted^ spread, or drawn aside at pleasure; a cloth-hanging used m theatres, to conceal the stage from the spectator.— In fortification, that part of the rampart which is between the flanks of two bastions.—In Scripture, teats, or dwellings.—C«rtatn-ftfciur« is reproof given in bed by a wife to her husband. . _v.a. To inclose with cui'tains, to furnish with cur¬ tains. , ^ . Curtained, huiZ-tind, pp. Inclosed with curtains. Curtainless, kur'-iin-les, a. Having no cui^in. Curtal, kurf-al, 8. A horse or dog with a docked tail. — a. Curt; brief; belonging to the gate. CuRTANA, kur-taZ-nd, or Curtbin, s. The name to the sword of state carried before the kings of England at their coronation. t- CcKTiTE, hur'-tate, a. A term applied to a Ime pro- jected orthograpMcally upon a pl^e.—to the curtate distance is the distance of a planet from the sun 01 earth reduce to the plane of the eoUptio. OOTETATIOH [ 240 ] OUT / ^STATION, kur-ta'-shunt b. The interval between a planet’s distance firom the snn and the curtate di 3 > tance. CunTKs^ huv'-tiSf 8. Courteous. . CtJBTitLAM*, Sm Cutlass. CUBTCSY, or CURTST. 8et COURTSSY. CuETiLAon, kur'-t€~lc^ty 8. In laxo, a yard, ^den, in- clOBure, or field near and belonffiusr to a messuane. CuBTtY 4 hwtf-U^ ad. Briefly. OuBTNBM, hurf^iu$, I. Shortness. CuBUu, Ku^-rvitf a. Belonging to a chariot. The . mrul4 chair or seat, among the ItomanSi was a stool ' without a bach; conveyed m a chariot, and used bv public officers. O^VATSD, hnv*‘ta-Ud^ a. Curved; bent in a regular jDm. OuBVATioK, Ar«r-ro'-*ft«n, s. The act of bending OuBVATUBB, Awr'-rd-furc, s. The continual flexure or bending of a line from a rectiUnear toect*'«. Curve, kurv, a. Bending; crooked; inflected in a regular form, and forming part of a circle. — 8. A bending without angles; that which Is bent, a flexure.—In geometry, a line of which no three con- s^utive points are in the same direction or straight — v.a. To bend; to crook; to Inflect. Curved, kurvd, pp. or a. Bent; regularly inflected, crooked; incurvated. Curvet, kur'-vet, s. A leap; a frolic; a prank.—In the manege, a particular leap of a horse, when he raises both liis fore legs at once, equally advanced ; and as his fore legs are falling, he raises his hind legs, 80 that all his legs are raised at once. — v.n. To leap; to bound; to spring and form a curvet: to leap and frisk. OuRvicAunATE, kitr'-ve-kau-daU, a. Curve-tailed. CORVICOSTATE, huf'^ve-kos-tate, a. Marked with small bent ribs. CuRviroLiATE, hnr'-ve-fO‘le-ate, a. Having reflected I leaves. ® CuRviFORM, kw'^-ve-fawrm, a. Being of a curved form. Curvilinear, kur-ve-lM-e-ar, \ a. Consisting of curve CuRviLiNBAL, kur~ve~lm'-e-al, / lines; bounded by curve lines. CURYILINEARITY, kitr-ve-lin-e-ar'-e-U, s. The state of being curvilinear, or consisting in curve lines. CuRviLiNEARLY, kur~ve-lin'-e~ar-le, ad. In a curvilinear manner. C^RviRosTRAt, kttr-ve-ros'-lral, a. Having a crooked beak. Curving, kurv'-ing, s. A curve; a winding form. Cv^-7iTY,kur'-ve-te, s. A bending in a regular form, crookedness. Cvmo’.BXRs., kus'-ko-bark, s. A variety of Peruvian bark, yielding an alkaloid called Aricina. Cdscus-root, kns'-kus-root, s. The commercial name of the fragrant rhizoma, obtained from the Anatherum murxeatum, which is used for making mats, «&c. CuscuTACEiB, kus-ku-ta*-8e-e, s. A small natural order of monopetalous Exogens, distinguished from Con ^volvulacem by tlicir imbricate corolla ^spiDiTBi iiuy.^e-date, v.a. To sharpen. terminating in a bristly pcant. ■* ^ * 8. In anatomy, the name ot the camne, or eye teeth. Cuspis, ku^~pis, 8. llie sharp end of a thing: a point ^ ^ composition of miU and eggs, b^ed, forming an agreeable rL a cant term in Shaks- peare for a piece of raised pastry or upper crust, which covers or a ciMtard. wmtu CusTARD.APPLB,ktis'.«Grd-«;/-pZ, g. A West Indian plant, a^ecies of Annona, having a soft pulp; hence the custody or CusTODUN, Aws-fo'-rfe-on, 8. One who has the care or custody of some public building. Custody, kua'-to-de, s. Guardianship, care, watch, in¬ spection, preservation, or security; imprisonment; restraint of liberty; defence from a - o-, a Buuu uuu purenas- ing or procuring to be done.—In law, long-established pi’actice, or usage, which constitutes the unwritten law, and long consent to which gives it authority.— Customs or Customs duties are the duties imposed bv -- V* ttlO UltJ UUUeS ITTI Jaw on merchandise imported or exported.—C ms^owi- ‘S'™ estabUsTiment by means CosHAT, kush at, s. The ring-dove or wood-pigeon. Cushion , -wn, s. A soft pad to be placed on a chair; a bag, stuffed with wool, hair, or other soft material; a bag of leather filled with sand, used by eneravers to support the plate.—In gilding, a stuffing of fine tow or wool, covered by leather, on a board, used for receiving the leaves of gold from the paper.—iadn’j eushion is a species of saxifraga.—Sea cushion is sea- pmk, a species of statice. — v.a. To seat on a cushion; to furnish with cushions. CmsniONED, kush'-und, pp. or a. Seated on a cushion • furnished with cushions. CnsHioNET, kush’-un-et, s. A little cushion. ^ s. A salt-water fish much esteemed for CusNEE, kuz'^ne, s. The name of an Indian drug 8. The pomt or horn of the moon.—In Qothxe archxtecture^ a projecting point forming a pendent, or a projecting point in the foliation of tracery, panels, &c. ; J8paria-bark, kus-pa*-re-&-hark, s. The name of an Womatic bark, obtained from tlie Galipea cuspnria a tree of South America, esteemed for its medicinal properties. OusrATED,/:i ntQTT9, ku-ta''7ie-uSf a. Belonging to the skin, or cutis. CuTCHaKT, kutch'-er-e, s. A court of justice in the East Indies. - , , , , Cote, 4«f<,a. Keen-witted; clever; sharp. (Vulgar.) CcTioLE, ku'-te-kl, s. The scarf-skin; the thin, exterior coat of the skin, which rises in a blister; a thw, pellucid membrane covering the true skin; the thin, external covering of the bark of a plant; a thin skin formed on the surface of liquor. CnTicuLAE, a. Pertaining to the cuticle, or external coat of the skin. ^ ^ CcTis, ku'-tiSf 8. The Kme skin, as distinguished from the cuticle. Cutlass, kut'-las, 8. A broad, curving sword; a hanger; used by soldiers in the cavalry, by seamen, &c. CuTLBE, huf-lcTy 8. One whose occupation is to make knives and other cutting instruments. CuTLEET, kut'-ler-Cj s. The business of making knives; knives and other edged instruments in general. Cutlet, kut'-let, s. A small piece of meat for cooking. CuT-LUGGED, kut'-lugdy a. (Scot.) Crop-eared. CuTpuESB, kut'~pursej s. One who cuts purses for stealing them or their contents; one who steals from the person; a thief; a robber. CUTTEE, kut'~Uy 8. A box to hold weavers’ quills. CuTTEE, kut'-tert 8. One who cuts or hews; an instru¬ ment that cuts; a small boat used by ships of war j a ruffian, bravo, or $ destroyer.—are a descrip¬ tion of bricks, chiefly used for the arches of windows, doorways, quoins, &c.—Cutter-bary in mechan.y is the bar of a boring machine, in which the cutters or cutting tools are flxed. CuT-THROAT, kut'-throtCy 8. A murderer; an assassm. — a. Murderous; barbarous. Cutting, kut'-ting, ppr. or a. Dividing by an edged i instrument; piercing the heart; wounding the feel¬ ings ; piquant; satirical. — 8. A separation or division; the operation of re¬ moving a stone f]»om the bladder; an excavation throu^ a hill in making a r 9 ad, canal, &c.-^Cutti7ig- planeis a carpenter’s smoothing-plane. CuiTiNOLT, kuf-ting-le, ad. In a cutting manner. Cuttle, kulf-tly \ s. A genus of molluscous Cuttle-fish, ) animals, having a small bladder, from which they discharge a black liquor when pursued, thus obscuring the water, and en¬ abling them to escape .—Ctittie is used for a foul- mouthed fellow .—t A knife. Cutty-pipe, kuf-fe-pipe, s. A short tobacco pipe. Cutty-stool, kut'-te-stool, s. A small raised seat or galleiy in old Scottish churches, where females who had offended against chastity were compelled to sit three Sundays, and be rebuked by the minister. Cut-water, kur-waw-tery s. The fore part of a ship’s prow, or knee of the head, which cuts the water; also, a water-fowl. CuT-woEK,t kut'-wurk, s. Embroidery. Cut-worm, kuf-tvurm, s. A name given to any cater¬ pillar dwelling in the earth, which eats or cuts away the yoimg plants of cabbage, com. beans, &c. Cuvette, ku-vefy s. A surgical instrument, shaped like a little scoop. CwT. An abbreviation of hundred weight. Cyanate, si'-an-ate, s. A salt composed of cyanic acid and a base. Cyanic Acid, si-an'-ik as'-id, s. A compound of cyano¬ gen and oxygen. Cyanide, si'-an-ide, b. A basic compound of cyanogen with some other element or compound.—In natural TiUtorg there are raanv compound terms formed of the ‘ ■■■ n- Greek word kyanos (blue), which occur in descilMDg different species, as cyanirostris (hlue-beaked), cya^ noeephalus (blue-headed), cyanurus (blue-tailed), &c. Ctanitb. See Kyanitb. Ctanogen, si-an'-o-geuy e. An essential Ingredient ir Prussian blue; a principle composed of one equiva lent of nitrogen and two of carbon; it is a gas, havir^ an odour like that of crushed peach leaves, and burn with a rich pt^le flame. Ctanometbe, si-an-om'-e~ter , B. An instrument, in vented by Saussure, to ascertain the degree of blue ness or azure colour of the ocean or sky, Ctanottpb, si-an'-o-tipey s. A process of taking solar portraits in Prussian blue, by a wash of cyanogen on the prepared paper, whence the name. Cyanubet, si-an'-u-rety s. See Cyanide. Cyanueic Aczx>, si-an-u'-rik a^-id, s. A crystallizable acid, obtained by decomposing urea by heat. Cyae, s. The orifice of the internal ear, Cyathzfobu, si-ath'-s-fawrmy a. In the form of a cup, or drinking-glass, a little widened at the top. Cycadeaceje, st-kad e-c^-se-Cy s. A natural order of the class Oymnosperma. allied to the palms and ferns, of which the Cicadea is the genus; they are natives of the tropics, and temperate parts of America and Asia. Cyclamen, si'-kla-mefty 8. In botany, sow-bread j a genus of tuberous rooted plants, with beautiful flowers, of the order Prvnulacece. Cyclamine, sV-cla-miny s. A non-azotized vegetable principle found in the root of the plant Cyclamen Europceum, which crystallizes in fine white needles, of a bnming acid taste. OTCLANTHX.S, suklan'-the-e, s. A family of plants oi the natural order Tandanacea. Cycle, si'-kl, s. In chronology, a period or series of numbers, which regularly proceed from first to last, and then return to first in a perpetual circle.-- The cycle of the moon, or golden number^ or Metonic cycle, so c^ed from its Inventor Meton, is a period of nineteen years, after which the new and full moons return on the same days of the month.—The cycle of the sun, or solar cycle, is a period of twenty-eight years .—Cycle of indiction, a period of fifteen years.— A round of years, or period of time, in which the same course begins again; an imaginary orb or circle in the heavens. Cyclic, sik'-lik, \ a. Pertaining to a cycle.— Cyclical, i poets, certain Epic poets who followed Homer, and kept within one circle of subjects, that of the Trojan -wtn.-^Cyclic chorus, at Athens, one which sung and danced in a circle round the altar of Bacchus, in performing the dithyrambic odes. Cyclica, sik'-k-k&y s. A family of tetramerous coleop¬ terous insects, comprising the tortoise, beetles, &c. Cyclin-e, si'-kle-ne, s. A sub-family of the Tellinidcs, or biv^ve mollusca. Cyclobranchiata, sik-lo-bran-ke-a^-td, s. An order of Mollusca, in wliich the organs of respiration are bron¬ chial, consisting chiefly of the limpets. Cycloqeaph, sik-lo-graj, s. An instrument for de¬ scribing the arcs of circles which have so large a curvature that compasses cannot be used. Cycloid, si'-kloid, s. A geometrical curve, oa which depends the doctrine of pendulums; a figure de¬ scribed by a point in the circumference of a circle which rolls along an extended straight line till it has completed a revolution. Cycloidal, si-kloi'-dal, a. Pertaining or relating to a cycloid. Cycloidians, si-kloi'-de ans, s.pl. The fourth order of fishes, according to the arrangement of Agassiz, having smooth scales, as the herring and salmon. Cyclometey, si-klom'-e-tre, s. The art of measuring cycles or circles. . . , , Cyclopean, a. Pertainmg to the Cyclops, fabulous giants of antiquity; vast; terrific; the term is also applied to the remains of a rude and very massive kind of architecture of the earliest ages, demanding an enormous exertion of physical force. Cyclopedia, si-klo-pe^-de-d, s. The circle or compass of the arts and sciences; circle of human knowledge. Cyclopic, si-klop'-ik, a. Pertaining to the Cjclops; gigantic; savage. ,, , , . . * Cyclops, si'-klops, 8. In mythology, a class of giants the sons of Neptune and Amphitritc, who had one eye, which was circular, and in Uie midst of the CT0L0PTERID5: 242 ] D forehead ; a family of very minute eruttacea^ found both in fresh and salt water, and so abundant in some pam of the ocean as to gire a reddish tinge to the water. Ctclopt^^bjk, 9i-klop-ter'~e-de, s. A Ihmily of Cartila¬ ginous fishes (the Lump-suckers}, in which the body IS without scales, and slimy. OrcLosTOMODQ, si-Klot^-to-nms, a. Having a circular mouth or aperture, as certain moUusks. Ctder. See Cider. Cygnet, si^-net, s. A yottng swan. Cyoncs, sig'-nuSf s. (Lat.) In ornithology, the swan, a genua of natatory or swimming birds, belonging to the Anatidce, or Duck family. Cylindbr, sil'-tJi-der, &. In geometry, a solid body sup¬ posed to be generated by the rotation of a pai’aUelo- gram round one ot iie sides; or a long circular body of uniform diameter, and its extremities forming equal parallel circles. CTLiNDttA.cE 0 U 8 , stl'‘iti-dra-ahe-w, a. Cylindrical. Cylindric, sil-tn'-drik, i a. Having the form of a Cylindrical, } cylinder, or partaking of its properties. Cylindrically, tillin'-dr In the manner of a cylinder. Cylindricitt, ail-in-dris'-e-te, s. A cylindrical form. Ci'LiNDRiPORM, ail in'-dre-fmvrm, a. Having the form of a cylinder. Cylindroid, ail'-in-droid, s. A solid body, approaching to the figure of a cylinder, having the basis or en(S elliptical, but parallel and equal. Cylindrometeic, ail-in-dro-met'-rik, a. Belonging to a scale used in measuring cylinders. Cyma, si -tna, 1 s. In architecture, a moulding of the Cyme, nme, ] cornice, the profile of which is waving; a kind of panicle, which has the appearance of an umbel like those of the common Lanristinua or Elder- bush. Cymar, ai'-tnar, s. A slight covering; a scarf; properly aimar. Cymatium, si ma'-she-um, s. The top moulding of a cornice. Cymbal^ sim'-bal, or Cymbalum, sim'-ba-lutn, s. A mu¬ sical instrument of brass, in a circular’ form, like a dish, about six or eight inches in diameter, two of wiiich in i laying are struck together, and produce a sharp ringing sound. Cymbiporm^ aim'-be-faiorm, a. Shaped like a boat. Cymling, 8\m'-ling, s. A kind of squash. Cymoid, s*'-mold, a. Having the form of a cyme. Cymophane. ainV-o-fevne, s. A mineral, caBed also chrysoberyl. Cymophanous, -&-nu8, a. Having a w'avy, float¬ ing light; opalescent. Cymoh^, sc-fno'-se, 8. The name given by Linnaus to his 63id natural order of plants, including such as have their inflorescence in the form of a cyme. Cymose, ai'-most, 1 a. Containing a cyme; in the fonn Cymods, si'~mxis, ) of a cyme. Cynailurus, ai-nay-M •i'Ms, s. The name of the Hunt¬ ing Leopard, of which there are two species, the Indian and the African. Cynan( HE, se~nan'~ke, s. A disease of the throat or windpipe, attended w’ith inflammation and difficulty of swallowing and breathing. Cyn ANTiiRoPY , se-nan'-thro-pe, s. A kind of madness in which men have the qualities of dogs. Cynapina, e«-»/rtp'-e-nd, 1 s. An alkaloid obtained from Cynapia, V ^thu&a cyxiapiiim,ov iooV^, Cynapine, ain'-d pin, } parsley. Cynara, stn'-Ct-rd, s. A genus of plants, the Arti¬ choke. Cynic, ain'-ik, 1 a. Having the qualities of a surly Ctnica*.. siV-c-AaL < dog, snarling; captious; aus¬ tere.—The Cynic or Sothic year (so called ft’om the rising of the dogstar) was the year of 365 days and 6 hours.—6V?w<' cycle, the period between the coin¬ cidences of the cynic year and the common year of 365 days. Cynic, sm'-ik, s. A surly or snarling man; a misan¬ thrope. See Cynics. Cynically, sin'-a-kMl-le, ad. In a snarling or morose manner. Cynicalness, sin'-e-kal-nea, s. Moroseness ; contempt of riches and amusements. Cynicism, ain'-e-sizmj s. Austerity; churlish severity of temper. Cynics, «in'-i7rs, g.pl. In history, a sect of snarling philosophers, who vaI8K!d themselves on contempt of riches, of arts, sciences, and amusemenfo. Diogenes was one of this sect. Ctnipsidbs, se-nif/-se-des, s. A tribe of Hymenopterous insects, allied to the Ichneumons. Cynosure, sin^-o-aure, s. The constellation of the Little Bear, to which, as containing the north star, the eyes of mariners and travellers were, in former times, continually turned. Hence the poets have used the term to denote anything to which attention is strongly directed. Cyperacsx, ai-per-a'-ae-e, s. A natural order of En¬ dogenous plants (the Sedges), consisting of gtass-like herbs, growing in tufts; of which the Vyperua is the type. Cyperaceods, ai-per-a'-s?te-us, a. Belonging to the order CyperacecB. Cypher. See Cipher. Cy PH ON ISM, si/'-on-iem, s. A species of punishment fre¬ quently used by the ancients, which consisted in be¬ smearing the criminal with honey, and exposing him to insects. CYPRiEiD^, si-pr&-e-de, s. A family of Marine gas- teropods (the Cowries)^ with involute and higlily- enamelled shells, of wluch the Cyprcoa is the type. Cypress, ai'-pres, s. A genus of plants or trees valued for the durability of their wood; the emblem of mourning for the dead, cypress branches having been anciently used at funerals. Cyprian, avf/-re-an, a. Belonging to the Island of Cyprus; a term applied to a lewd woman. Cyprinb, Up'-rin, a. Pertaining to the fish of the genus Oypt'inua; also to the cypress-tree. — 8. A blue mineiul found in Norway. Cyprinidas, sjp-rtw'-t-i/e, 8. A. family of Malacoptery- gious fishes, of which the Cyprxnua, or Carp, is the genus. Cypriot, sip’-re-ot, s. An inhabitant of Cyprus. Cypris, si'-pris, s., pi. Cyprides. A species of fresh¬ water Crustacea, which swim by means of cilia. Cyprus, ai'-prus, s. A thin, transparent, bliick stuff. Cyrenaic, air-e-na'-ik, a. Pertaining to Cyrene. Cyrillacea;, s. In botany, \x small order of Hypogynous Exogens, consisting of shrubs with evergreen leaves Cyriologic, sir-e-o-lof-ik, a. Relating to capital letters. Cyst, sist, I s. A bag which includes morbid matter Cy’stis, sist-tis, j in animal bodies. Cystic, aist'-ik, a. Pertaining to a cyst, or contained in a cyst. Cystine, sisf-tin, s. A kind of calculus formed in the human bladder, formerly called (^stic oxyd. Cystocele, sis'-to-sele, s. A hernia or rupture fonnefi by the protrusion of the urinary bladder. Cystose, sW-to&e, a. Containing cysts. Cystotomy, sis-tot'-o-me, s. The act or practice of opening cysts; particularly the operation of cutting into the bladder to remove a stone or other matter. Cytherean, sith-er-(f-an,».. Belonging or pertaining to Venus, the goddess of love. Cytisine, aitf-e-sin, s. A vegetable proximate principle, obtained from the cytisus. It is an active medicine Cytisus, sit*-e-ana, s. A genus of ornamental papiliona¬ ceous shrubs or small trees, bearing mostly yellow flowers. Cystitis, sis-ti'-tis, s. Inflammation of the bladder. Czar, zar, 8. A king; a chief; a title of the Emperor of Russia; frequently written tzar. Czarina, zar-e'-«a, s. A title of the Empress of Russia. CzARisH , zar‘-rish, a. Pertaining to the Czar of Russia. CzARowiTz, zar'-o-vitz, s. The title of the eldest son of the Czar of Russia. D. Tt dee. Is the fourth letter of the English alphabet, ^5 and the third consonant. It is a dental articula¬ tion, formed by placing the top of the longue against the forepart of the palate. It nearly approaches in sound to the letter T. It has but one sound, and is never quiescent in English W'ords. As a numeral, D represents 600; and when a dash or stroke is placed over it, it denotes 6000. DAB [ 243 ] DALLt As an abbreTiation, D stands for Doctor; M M.D., Doctor of Medicine; D.T., Doctor of Theology, or 8.TD.,Doctor of Sacred Theology; D.D., Doctor of Dniiiity; D.D.D., dat. dicat^ dedicat; and D.D.D.D., dig turn Deo donum dedit. Dab, dab, v.a. To strike gently with the hand, or some soft or moist substance; to slap; to box. — 8. A gentle blovr with the hand, a small lump or mass or anything soft or moist.—In sportive Imiguage, one who is expert.—A small 6at fish, allied to the flounder —In comtnerce. Dubs are the refuse foots of susar. . . . Dabbed Uabd, pp. Struck with something moist. Dabble,’ Uab'-hl, v.a. To wet; to moisten ; to spatter; to wet by little dips or strokes; to sprinkle. — v.n. To play in water; to dip the hands, throw water, and splash about; to do anything in a slight or superftcial manner, to tamper; to dip into a concern. Dabbler, dab'-bier, s. One who plays m water or mud, or who dips slightly into anything; a superficial meddler. ^ ^ „ Dabblino, dalf-bling, ppr. or a. Dipping superficially or often ; playing in water, or in mtid, meddling. — s. Tlie act of meddling or dipping supeihcially into anything. Dabblinol-!, dab'-bling-le, ad. In a dabbling manner. Dabster, 8. One who is expert at the busi¬ ness, he follows or dexterous in any particular art. Da. Capo, dd kd'-po. An Italian phrase, signifying that the first part of a tune is to be repeated from the be¬ ginning. Dace, dase, s. A small river fish, of a bnght silvery colour, the Cijprinus leucisciis. Dacbyoma., duK-re-o-md, 8. A diseased state of the lachrymal, by which the fluid that usually passes into the nose is ejected from the eye in the foim of tears. Dactyl, dak'-til, s. A poetical foot consisting of three syllables, the first long and the others short. Dactylar, dak'-te-lar, \ a. Relating to or consisting of Dactylic, j dactyls. Dactylist, dak’Ml-ist, s. One who writes flowing verse in dactylic measures. Dactyloglyph, dak-til'-o-glif, s. The inscription of tlie name of the artist on a finger-ring or gem. Dactylogr-aphy , dak-til-og'-rd-fe, s. The science or art of gem engraving. Dactylology , aak~iil-ol'-o-je, 8 . The act or art of com¬ municating ideas or thoughts by the fingers. Da(ttlomancy, dak-til'-o-man-se, s. Divination by finger-rings, anciently practised by the Greeks and Romans. ,} »• ^^tber. (V^edhy infanU.) DADDLEjt dnd'dl, v.n. To walk unsteadily, like a child or an old man. Daddock, dad'-dok, 8 . The rotten body of a tree. • Daddy-long-legs, dad'-e-long-legs, s. The common name of a species of Crane-fly. Dade,+ dade, v.a. To hold up by leading strings. Dado, da’-do, s. The die or-.square part of a pedestal; the cubical base of a column. DaJDAL, def-dal, a. Variegated; skilful. D^dalian, de-da'-le-an,o,. Formed with art; intricate; maze-like. D.EDALOua, de'-da-lus. a. In botany, having a margin with various windings and turnings; of a beautiful and delicate texture, as applied to leaves. DAFFE'^^a/' el®’ ^ stupid, blackish fellow D.AFF.t daf, v.a. To loss aside; to pul off. See Doff. Dapfin, 8. (Scot.) Thoughtless gaiety,or levity. Daffodil, daf'-fo-diL s. A plant of the genus norcisstw, of a deep yellow hue. DApT,drt/«,a. Imbecile in mind; idiotic; foolish. Dag,J dag, s. (Fr.) A dagger; a hand-gun; a pistol; dew.—(Sax.) A slip or shred; a loose end; a leather liuchet. —% v.a. To daggle; to cut into slips. — v.n. To drizzle. Dagger, dag'-ger^ s. A short sword; a dirk; a stiletto; a poniard.—in fencing schools, a blunt blade of iron with i\ basket hilt, used for defence.—In typography, An obelisk, a mark of reference in the form of a dag¬ ger, thus. —In ship-lntilding, a piece of timber that ciosses all the puppets of the buJgeways to keep them together. — v.a. To pierce with a dagger; to stab. DtooEiis-DRAWING, dag'-get’s-draw'-ing , 8 . The act of drawing daggers, approach to open attack or to vis lence; a quarrel. Daggers-drawn, dag'-gers-drawn, pp. or a. At enmity. Daggle, dag'gl, v.a. To trail in mud or wet grass; to befoul, to dirty, as the lower end of a garment, v.n. To run through mud and water. Daggle-tail, dag'gl-tale, a. Having the lower ends of garments defiled with mud. Daggled, dag’gld, pp. Dipped or trailed In mud or foul water; befouled. Dag-LOCK., dag'-lok, s. A lock of wool on sheep that hangs and drags in the wet, or the dag or dew. Daoon, da’-gon, s. One of the principal divinities of the ancient Syrians and Phceniciatis, and mentioned in the book of Maccabees ix. 84 , xi. 4. Dag-swain, dag'-swane, s. A kind of coarse woollen carpeting. Dag-tailed, dag'-tayUL, a. See D-agole-tail. Daocerreian, dd-ger'•re-nn,SL. Pertaining to Daguerre, or his invention of the Daguerreotype. Dagderrbotypb, dd-ger'-ro-typt, s. (From Daguerre^ Ui-' discoverer.) A method of fixing images of objects on polished metal plates, by the camera obscura. Dahlia, da'-le-d, s. A South American plant, intro duced into Europe by the Spaniards in 1789. It bears a large, beautiful compound flower, of every variety of hue. Dahline, daf-tin, s. A vegetable substance resembling starch, obtained from the tuberous roots of the dalilia. Dailinbss, da'-le-nes, s- Daily occurrence. Daily, da-le, a. Happening or being every day; done day oy day; bestowed or enjoyed every day ; diurnal. — ad. Every day ; day by day. Daint,! a. Delicate; elegant. —i s. Something of exquisite taste; a dainty. Daintily, ad. Elegantly; fastidiously; de¬ liciously; ceremoniously; scrupulously. Daintiness, s. Delicacy; softness; ele¬ gance ; deliciousness; nicety in taste; squeamishness * fastidiousness; jeeremoniousness; scrupulousness. DaintlYjJ dngnt'-le, ad. Deliciously. Daintrel,^ dane'-trsl, 8. A delicacy. Dainty, dane'-te, a. Pleasing to the palate; of ex¬ quisite taste; of acute sensibility ; nice in selection of food; scrupulous in manners; ceremonious; elegant; tender; soft; neat; effeminately beautiful; affectedly fine. , — 8. Something nice and delicate to the taste; a de¬ licacy ; -f a term of fondness. Dairy, da'-re, s. The place where milk is preserved and prepared for sale or family use, or converted into cream, butter, or cheese. Dairy-hodsf, 1 s. A house orroomappro- Dairy-eoom, da'-rc-roofrtj ) priated to the manage¬ ment of milk. Dairying, da'-re-mg, s. The business of conducting a dairy. Dairy-m.aid, daf-re-made, s. A female servant, whose business is to manage milk. Dais, da'-is, s. A raised floor at the upper end of a dining-hall, or hall of audience, ana formerly the chief seat at the principal table in a baronial hall. Daisied, da'-zid, a. Full of daisies; adorned with daisies. Daisy, da'-ze, 8. A plant of the genus bellts, of several varieties, bearing a white flower, with a tinge of red, and a yellow centre. DAK,da&, 18. A mode of travelling by post in the Dawk,, dawfc, I East. DAKER-HEN .-i rf^'-/cer-/len, 8. The com-crake,or land¬ rail, a bird of the grallic order of Linnajus. Dakir,± da'-ker, 8. In English statutes, ten hides. Dale, dale, 8. A low place between hills; a vale or valley. . , Dali, dd-le, \ s. A majestic tree, of great commercial Dari, dar'-e, I value, growing in Demerara; the Virola sebifera. , Dall, dal, 8. A large cake made of sawdust, mixed with the dung of cows, used by some of the lower classes in Scotland fbr fuel. . ^ j s Daller. dal'-ler, 8. A money of account in Sweden, of two kinds, silver and copper. . ^ ^ Dalliance, daV-le-ance, 8. Delay; intei^ange of caresses; toying; conjugal embraces; ?delay, or lln *^crinsr. DiiLiEa, tfoi’-Ic-ur,». One who fondles; a trifler. DALLor,^ dol'-iop, 6. A tuft or clump. Dalpt, daV-le, T.n. To delay; to Unger; to wait, to fiALLY [ m j BAITCING trifle; to lose time in idleness and trifles; to amuse oneself with idle play; to toy and wanton; to inter¬ change caresses; to fondle; to sport; to play. Dally, t v.a. To delay; to defer; to put off; to amuse till a proper opportunity. Dalmatica, dal-mat'-e-kh, s. A long, white gown, with sleeves, worn by deacons in the Koman Catholic Church. Dalt, dault, a. (Scot.) A foster child. Dam, dam, s. A female parent, chiefly applicable to quadrupeds; a human mother (»n contempt); a crowned man in the game of draughts; a bank, or mound of earth raised to obstruct a current of water. —• v.a. To make a dam, or to stop a stream of water by a bank of earth, or by any other work; to confine or restrain from escaping; to shut in. Dam, dam, i s. An Indian copper coin, the fortieth Daum, datomy) part of a rupee. Damage, dam'-ajCy s. Injury, htirt, or detriment; any harm to one’s estate, or any loss of property sus¬ tained ; the value of what is lost.— Damagesy in lawy the estimated reparation in money for harm or damage sustained.— Damage feasnnt is the injury sus¬ tained by the beasts of another coming upon a man’s land, and damaging his crops, for which the law allows the owner of the land to impound them until satisfaction is obtained. — v.a. To hurt, injure, or impair; to lessen the sound¬ ness, goodness, or value of a thing. — v.n. To receive harm; to be injured or impaired in soundness or value. Damageable, dam'-oje-&-hly a. That may be injured or impaired; susceptible of damage; hurtful; perni¬ cious. Damaged, dam’-aj'dy pp. or a. Hurt; impaired; in¬ jured. Damar. See Dammar. Damascene, dam'-as-sene, g. A particular kind of plum, now pronounced damson. Damask, dam'-asky s. A fine description of silk or linen cloth of thick texture, representing flowers and other figures; a kind of wrought linen made in Flanders, in imitation of damask silks; red colour, from the dam¬ ask-rose. — Damask steel is a ^e steel from the Levant, chiefly from Damascus, used for sword and cutlas blades.—DamasA: rose, a beautiful variety of the rose.—DamasA pUtm, a small black plum.— Damask perfumed water. — v.a. To form flowers on stuffs; also, to variegate; to diversify^ to adorn steel-work with figui’es and ar¬ tistic devices. Damasked, dam’-askt, pp. Variegated with flowers. pAMASKEEN,rfam-asA:-ee7»',) v.a. To make incisions Damasken, rfajji'-cwA-en, j in iron, steel, &c., and fill them with gold or silver wire, for ornament; used chiefly for adorning sword-blades, guards, locks of pistols, &c. Damaskeened, dam^ask^een'd, pp. or a. Cut into figures, and Inlaid with gold or silver wire. Damaskeening, s. The act or art of beautifying iron or steel by engraving, and inlaying it with gold or silver wire. Damaskin, dam'-as-kin, s. A sabre, so called from the manufacture of Damascus. Damassin, dam'-as-sin, s. A damask cloth interwoven with flowers of gold and silver. Dame, dame, s. A lady; formerly a female title of honour, but now applied to the mistress of a family, of mature age; and sometimes, poetically, to a woman of rank. Dame’s-VIOLET, dames^-vi-o-let, 1 s. A plant of the genus D.ame-wort, dame'-icurty ) l^esperis; called, also, Q.ueen’8 gilliflower. Damianists, da'-me-an-ists, s.pl. In Church history, a sect who denied all distinct personal attributes in the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. Dammar, s. A name applied to a resinous substance obtained in the East Indian Islands, from a species of agathis or dammara, a tree allied to the pines. Dammed, darn'd, pp. Confined or shut in by means of a dam. Dammer, dam’^mer, a. (Scot.) A miner; a stun caused by a blow. Damn, v.a. To sentence to eternal torments in a future state; to condemn; to censure; to reprobate; to decide to be bad, mean, or displeasing, by hissing or any other mark of disapprobation; a word nsfed in profaneneas; a term of execration. Damnable, rfam'-nd-61, a. That may be damned or condemned; worthy of eternal punishment; odious; detestable; destructive: pernicious. Damnablenbss, dam*-nit-bl-ncsy s. The state or quality of deserving damnation. Damnably, dam'-nd-ble, ad. In a manner to incur eternal punishments, or so as to exclude mercy. Damnation, dam-n&'-shun, s. Exclusion from Divine mercy; sentence or condemnation to everlasting punishment. Damnatory, etom'-nd-fe-re, a. Containing a sentence of condemnation. Damned, darn'd or damn'd, pp. or a. Sentenced to ever¬ lasting punishment in a future state; condemned. Damnific, dofn-m/'-iA, a. Procuring loss; mis¬ chievous. Damnified, dam'-ne-fide, pp. Injured; endamaged. Damnify, aam'-ne-^, v.a. To cause loss or damage to, to hui*t in estate or interest; to injure. Damninoj dam'-ning, a. That condemns or exposes to damnation. Damningness, dam'-ning^nes, s. Tendency to bring damnation. Damosel,$ dam'- 0 ‘zel, g. A damsel; a young unmarried woman. Damp, damp, a. Moist; humid; being in a state between dry and wet; dejected; depressed; chilled. — s. Moist air; humidity; moisture; fog; dejection, depression of spirits. See Damps. — v.a. To moisten; to make humid or moderately wet; to chill; deaden; repress; to depress; dispirit, deject; restrain. Damped, damt, pp. Chilled; depressed; abated; weak¬ ened; checked; discouraged. Dampen, damp'n, v.a. To make damp or moist. Dampening, dampening, ppr. Making damp. Damper, dam'-per, s. That which damps or checks; a valve or sliding plate in a furnace to stop or lessen the quantity of air admitted; part of a pianoforte, by which the sound is deadened. Dampish, dam^-ishj a. Moderately damp or moist. Dampishlt, damp'-tsh-le, ad. In a dampish manner. Dampishness, (iamp'-tsA-ncs. s. A moderate degree Of dampness or moistness; slight humidity. Dampness, ®' OowardUness Dastardt, da^-tard~e. I timidity. 5 ^enowiai> and An alkaloid obtained from the th ora-apple Datum, da'-turn, %. (Data, pi.) Something given or admitted; a pnnciple or fact given, known, or ad¬ mitted, by which things or results unknown may be found. — In civil engineering, Datum-line is tlie horizontal or base line, from which the surface points are reckoned or measured in the plan of a railway, &c. Datura Stramonium, sfrd-mo'-7ie-um,8. (Lat. The thorn-apple, a plant yielding seeds of a medi cinal quality. Daturina, dh-tu'-re-nd, Daturia, aa-tu'-re-& Daturine, Datb, dawb, v.a To smear with soft, adhesive matter, to plaster; to cover with mud, slime, or other soft substance , to paint coareely; to disguise with an artificial covering; to flatter grossly. — v.n. To practise gross flattery; to play the hypo¬ crite. — s. Coarse painting. Daubed, dnteb'd, pp. coarsely; disguised. Dauber, daw'-her, s. painter. Daubery, daw'-be-re, 8 . Daubing, dawb'-ing, gross flattery. Dauby, daw'-he, a. Viscous; glutinous; slimy; ad¬ hesive. Smeared; plastered, painted One who daubs; a coarse A daubing; anything artful. Plastering; coai’se painting , Daucus, daie'-Aws, 8. (Lat.) The Carrots, a genus of Umbelliferous plants, type of the tribe Daucida. Daughter, daw'- er, s. The female offspring of a man or woman ; a daughter-in-law ; a son’s wife; a female descendant; the female penitent of a priest or ghostly confessor. Daughterliness, daw'-ter-le-nes, s. The state of a daughter; the conduct becoming a daughter. Daughterly, dauZ-ter-le, a. Becoming- a daughter dutiful. Dauk, dawk, s. See Dawk. Daunt, dawnt, v.a. To intimidate, appal, frighten, dis¬ courage, or dishearten Daunted,- dawn'-ted, pp. Checked by fear ; intimi¬ dated. Dauntless, daionf-les, a. Bold, fearless, or intrepid, not discouraged. Dauntlessly, dawnf-leS’le, ad. In a dauntless manner. Dauntlessness, dawnt'-les-nes, s. Fearlessness; in¬ trepidity. Dauphin daw'-fin, s. The title of the eldest son of the king of Fi*ance, previous to the French Revolu¬ tion^ so called from the principality of Dauphin6 having been the appanage of the heir-apparent to the cro'wn. Dauphiness,± dav/fin-ess, s. The wife or lady of the Dauphin or France. Davidists, da'-vta Is.pl. A sect of David Georgians, da'-vid jor'-je-^ans, f quiet mystics of the 16th century, so called from their founder, David George, of Delft. Davina, da-ve'-nd, s. A mineral of a hexahedral form, found on Vesuvius, and named after Sir Humphry Davy. Davit, da'-vit, s. A short piece of timber or Iron projecting over a ship’s side, with tackles to hoist up a boat.--Fis* davits are used over the bows, to hoist up the flukes of the anchor. Davy Jones, rfa'-cc yoncs, s. A sailor’s name for a sea- devil. Daw, daw?, s. A word that is found in the compound names of many species of birds; a chattering bird; a jackdaw. —X v.n. To dawn; to thrive; to recover health. Dawdle, daw'-dl. v.n. To waste time; to trifle. DawiAer, daw'-dler, s. A triller. Dawish, dauZ-ish, a. Like a daw. Dawk, daMjA, 8. A hollow, rupture, or incision in timber. [Local.) — v.a. To mark with an incision. Dawm, dawm, s. A small Indian coin, value l-40th of a rupee. Dawn, dawn, v.n. To begin to grow light in the morning; to grow light; to begin to open or ex¬ pand; to begin to show intellectual light, or knowledge. — 8. The break of day; beginning of light in the DAmim [ 247 ] DEADLY-NiaHTSHADE morning; first appearance of expanding Intellect; a feeble or incipient light. Dawning, daton'-ing, ppr. or a. Growing light; ex¬ panding ; beginning to show intellectual light. — s. The first appearance of light in the morning; the first opening or appearance of the intcUeetual powers; beginning. Da»t , day , 8 . That part of the time of the earth’s rero- lution on its axis in which its surface is presented to the sun; the part of the twenty-four houw when it is light, or the space of time bHween the rising and setting of the sun, called the artificial day.—1 1 reference to civil transactions this is called the civil day, and when a lea^ Instrument is dated it begins and ends at midnight.—The sidereal day is the period in which the earth makes one complete revolution on its axis, and is about four minutes shorter than f^e mean solar day, owing to the motion of the earth in its orbit-—Any period of time dis¬ tinguished from other time; an appointed or fixed time; time of commemorating an event; anniversary. —Day by day, daily; each day in succession.— Day of grace, in theology, the time when mercy is offered to sinners.— Days oj grace, in law, are days granted by the court for delay, at the prayer of the plaintiff or defendant.— Days of grace, in commerce, a customary number of days allowed for the pajment of a note or bill of exchange, after it becomes due.— Day-rule, or writ, in law, is certificate of permission which the ccart, In term time, gives to a prisoner, to go beyond the bounds of the prison, for the purpose of ti’ans- acting his business, upon application to the marshal or warden. Day-ticket is a railway or steam-boat pass, available for return on the same day.—Day in court is a day for the appearance of parties in court. —Days in hank are days of appearance in the court of common bench. Day-bkam, day'-heme, 8. The light of the day. Dat-i5ed, day'-hed, s. A bed used for idleness, in¬ dulgence, or rest, during the day. Day-book., s. A journal of accounts; a book in w'hich are recorded the debts and credits, or ac¬ counts of the day. Day-brf.ak, (iay'-6rrtA:e, 8. Tlie first appearance of the moming‘8 daivn. DAY-fOAi., day'-hole, s. The upper stratum of coal. DAY-DREAM,aa7/-drewic,8. Avisiontothe w'aking senses. Day-flower, day'-fiow-er, 8. A genus of plants, the corntuelina. Day -fly , dn*-fli, 8. A genus of insects that live one day only, called ephemera. Dat-flybr, da'-Jii-er, 8. An animal that flies in the daytime. Day-labodr, da'-la-hur, s. Labour hired or performed by the day. Day-labocrer, da'-la-hur-er, 8. One who works by the day. Day-light, da'-lite, 8. The light of the day, or of the sun, as opposed to that of the moon, or any artificial light.—Day-light reflector is a shade or screen with a polished metal surf^e placed at or over a window to throw more light into a window. Day-lily, s. The same with asphodel. Day-maid, da'-made, s. A dairy-maid. Day’s-joi'rney, dnys^-jurn-e, 8. An Eastern mode of computing the distance that can be accomplished within the twenty-four hours of the natural day. Datspring, dff's/jrtj/g, 8. The dawn; the beginning of the day, or first appearance of light. Day-8i'ar, da'-star, s. The moniing star. Daytime, d/i'-itme, 8- The time of the sun’s light on the earth. . ^ ^ _ Day’s-worx, 9. The work of one day.—In nautical langungc,the account or reckoning of a ship’s course for twenty-four hours, from noon to noon. Day-wearifo, da'-we-re-edf a. Weaned with the labour of the day. Day -woman, da'-wu-m-an, s. A dairyniaid. Day-work, da'-wurk, 8. Work by the d,ay; da^labour. Daze,+ daze, v.a. To overpower with light. (Poetical.) — 8. Among millers, a glittering stone. Dazzle, daz^zl,v.a.. To overpower with light; to sur- S rise with intense light; to dim or blind by a glare of ght , — v.n. To lose the power of vision, or be overpowerel with light. Dazzled, daz'zld, pp or a. Overpowered or dimmed by a too strong light. Dazzleuekt, daatl-mtni, s. The act or power of dazzling. Dazzling, das'cltng, ppr. or a. Overpowering by a strong light. Dazzlinolt, daz'zling-Uf ad. In a dazzling manner. Deacon, dc'^i, s. In the Episcopal Church of Euglaudy a clerical person who has not taken priest’s orders.— In Orngrt^uttofial churches, deacons and deaconesses perform the same duties as in the primitive churches, and attend to the secular affairs of the congregation, —In Scotland, a deacon is the overseer of the poon and the master of an inconiorated company. Deaconess, de'kn-es, 8. A female deacon In Christian churches. Deaconry, d^kn~re. Is. The office, dljniity, or Dbaconship, de'kn-ship,} ministry of a deacon or deaconess. Dead, dfd. a. Deprived of life; deceased; defunct; inanimate: without animal or vegetable life; imi- tatiug death ; motionless as death ; breathless ; useless; unprofitable; dull, gloomy; still ; not resembling life, lifeless; cold: not animated; tasteless; vapid spiritless.—In theology, void of grace; lying under the power of sin; not producing good works; pro¬ ceeding from corrupt nature, not from spiritual life, or a gi-acious principle.—Perfect or complete; as, a d«a(j certainty.—In cut off from the rights of a citizen_ DecM language, a language which is no longer spoken or in common use by a people, and knowrn only in writings; as, the Hebrew, Greek, and Latin.—In nautical matters, dead risit/g is the parts of a ship’s floor or bottom. Dead-eyt'S In a ship are a sort of blocks with many holes in them, by which the shrouds ai‘e fastened to the chains. Dead reckon¬ ing is the calculation made of the place where a ship is situated, without any observation of the heavenly bodies. Dead Ught.'i of a ship are strong wooden ports made exactly to'fit the cabin w'indows, in which they are fixed during stormy weather Dead water is tlie eddy water which closes in w’ith a ship's stern as she passes through the water. Dead wood consists of cer¬ tain blocks of timber laid on the keel of a ship, par¬ ticularly at the extremities. Dead-ropes are those which do not run in any block.—In political Jiinmce Dead-weight is the name given to an advance by the Hank of England to Government on account of tlie half-pay and pensions of retired oflQcei's «>f the army and navy -Dead-level is a surveyor’s term for a fiat country which offers no obstruction to railway or road making. — 8. The dead signifies dead men; the state of the dend. —$ v.a. To deprive of life, force, vigour. X)ea.d-colovR iao, dcd-kul'-ur-iug,s. The first layer of colours in a picture, bringing out its pai-ts, usually in some shade of gray. Dead-doing, t ded' -do-inq, a. Destructive ; killing. Dead-drunk, ded'-druiik, a. So drunk as to be Inca¬ pable of helping one’s self. Deaden , ded'n, v.a. To deprive of a portion of vigour or sensation; to blunt; to render less susceptible of feeling; to make vapid or spiritless , to take off gloss or brifUanev ; to give a dead appearance. Deadened, ded’nd, a. Deprived of force or sensation; made vapid. Dead-eve, ded'-i, s. Among seamen is a round, flattish, wooden block, encircled by a rope, or an iron band, and oierced with three holes to rec.eive tlie laniard. Deadhead. 6 A person »\ho ha» free aa- missioD to theatret, concerts, exhibitions. Ac. Dead-heartednbs8, aed' hdrt-ed nes, s. Pusillanimity, Deadisb 4 dcd' ish, a. Dull; resembling what is dead. Dead-killing,+ dedf -kill-ing, a. Instantly killing. Dead-letter, ded’-let-te.r, s. A letter which lies for a certain period uncalled for at the post-office, and is then sent to the General Post-office to be opened. Dea-d-lift. ded'-lift, s. A heavy weight; an extreme exigency. Deadlibood, ded'-le-hood, 8. The state of the dead. Deadliness, ded'-le-nes, s. The quality of being deadly. Deadly, ded'-le, a. That may occasion death , impla¬ cable ; aiming to kill or desteoy ; fatal, destructive. — ad. In a manner resembling death; mortally; im¬ placably; destructively. ^ ^ Deadly-carrot, ded'-le-kar-rotf 8. A plant of the genus Deadly-hiqhtshade, ded'-le-nite-shade, s. A poisonous plant of the genus ati'opa, the belladonna. DEAD-MAKOH DEBARKATION DEjLB'VA&CH, dedf-martshf s. A piece ot solemn mnsic l^ayed at the interment of the aead. Dbadnebs, ded'-nes. s. Want of animal or yegetable life; frigidity j anlness; languor; want of warmth or ardour; indifference; alienation of heart from tem- poi^ pleasures. Dejld-nettlb, ded'-net‘tlf s. A plant of the genus lECAKDRiAjr,<2e-A:an'-rfr6-an,) . Dbcandbous, de-kanf-drus, j ^ Haying ten stameiui. HBCAJfoiTLAB,, dek-nng''-gtt~larj a. Having ten angles. Bbcant, de-kant'y v.a. To pour off genSy, or to pour from one vessel into another. DacAT 8. One who declaims; one Decuaimbr, fc/a'-mtir. j who harangues in public; one who speaks clamorously. I>BCLAiMiNG, 8. The act of appealing to the passions; the act of speaking in public; an ha¬ rangue. Dbclamatior, dek-la-ma'-shnn, s. A violent speech made in public; a discourse addressed to the passions of the multitude. Dbclamatort, de-/d«w»'~d-fo-rd, a. Delating to the practice of declaiming; treated in the manner of a rhetorician; appealing to the pasrioni, n<^y; rheto¬ rical, without solid sense or argument. Declarable, de-klar^-a-hl, a. That may he declared or proved. Declarant, de-klare^-ant, s. One who makes a decla¬ ration. Dfclaration, dek-lar-af-shun, s. An affirmation; an open expression of facts or opinions; a written afllr- Diation ; records or reports of what has been declai-ed or uttered, publication, manifestation.—In iGt/»,that part of the process or pleadings in which the plaintiff seta forth at large his cause of complaint, the narra¬ tion or count, a simple affirmation m lieu of an oath, or sworn affidavit, which the law now allows in a variety of cases, especially such as relate to the public revenues.. Ac. Declarative, de-klar'-A-tiVy a. Making declaratiou, explanatory ; making proclamation or publication. Declaratorilt, ad- By declaration or exhibition. Declaratory, d^-A;4ar'-d-to-re, a. Making declaration, or exhibition, expressive. Declare, de-kiare^, v.a. To make known ^ to tell expli¬ citly; to manifest or communicate plainly to others by words; to publish; to proclaim; to a^ert; to — v.n. To make a declaration.—In law, to recite the causes of complaint against the defendant; to decide in favour of; to state, affirm, aver, or assert. Declared, de-klay-rd', pp. or a. Made known, mani¬ fested, published, proclaimed, or recited. Declaredly, de-kla'-red-le, ad. Avowedly; explicitly. Declarrhent, de-klar^-menty s. Declaration. Declarer, de~klare^-er, s. One who makes known or publishes; that which exhibits. Declaring, de-klaref-itig. s. Declaratiou; proclama ■ tiou. Declension, de-klen'-ahtm, s. A declining; descent; a falling or declining toward a worse state; a tendency toward a less deCTee of excellence or perfection.—In grammar, infiemon of nouns, adjectives, and pro¬ nouns; change of termination to form the oblique cases. Declinabi.s^ de-kli’ ~nd-bly a. That may be declined, changing its termination in the oblique cases. Declinatb, ^kf-le-nate, a. In botany, bending or bent downward, in a curve; decUning. Decijn ATioN, 8. A leaning; the tetof bending down; a declining, or falling mto a worse state; change from a better to a worse condition, decay; deterioration; gradual appe^ement; state of CTowing calm; oblique motion; deviation from recti¬ tude in behaviour or morals; obUquity of conduct.— In astronomy, the distance of any object from the celestial equator, either northward or southward.— Dsdinatuyn of the compass or needle, is the variaticaL of the needle from the true meridian of a place.—In diahng, the declination of a wall or plane is an arch of the horixon, contained between the plane and the £a*ime vertical circle, If reckoned from the east or west, or ^?tween the meridian and the plane, if rec¬ koned from the north or suuth.—In grammar, declen¬ sion, or the inflectioa of a noun through its various terminatioBs Dbclinator, dek-le-na-tWy s. An Instrument for tak¬ ing the declination or inclination of reclining planes an instniment in dialing. Declinat(je^ , de klin'-A-to-re, a. Declinatory f>lea, in law, a plea befon* trial or conviction, claiming ex¬ emption from punishnient. Dec linatcre^ ae-klin'-d rfecnon ; anything annatural or mis¬ placed , imperfection, deficiency, fault, or failure. — v.n To be deficient. Dbfectisilitv, de-fek-ie-kHf-e-te, a Deflcimcy; im¬ perfection. Dffkctible, de-fek'-te-bl, A Imperfect, deficient, or wanting. Defection, de-fekf-sh^m. a Want or failure of duty; apo 9 ta.sy , the act of abandoning a pers in or canse to which one is bound by allegiance or duty ; revolt. DETEfTioNisT, de-ftk’-shun-i^y 8 . One woo practises or promotes defection. Defective, de-fek* tiv, a. Wanting In sutmanoa, quan¬ tity, or quality; imp^ect; deficient; incomplete.— In grammar, a defective noun is one which wants a whole number or a particular case ; a defective verb is one which wants some of the tenses. Defectively , dc^feVMihle, ad. In a defective manner; imperfectly. Defectiveness, de-fek'-tiv-tiee, s. Deficiency; the state of being imperfect; faultiness. Depectuosity, de-fek’tu-os^-e-te, e. DefectiTencss • faultiness. Defbctuous, de-fefd-tu-w, a. Ptill of defects. Defbdation,^ def-e-da'-shun, s. Pollution, ' Defence, de-fenk, s. Protection against injury; vindi¬ cation when attacked , the art or science of defending against enemies; skill in fencing, &c.; anytliing that Opposes attack, violence, danger, or injury, or secures llie persons, rights, or possessions of men ; fortifica¬ tion; guard, protection, security; vindication; jus¬ tification, resistance; opposition, the science of defence; military skill.—In law, the defendani ‘s reply to the plaintiff’s declaration, demands, or charges.— Vnjortxjieationye work tliat flanks another Lines of defence are the distiinces between the salient angle of the bastion and the opposite flank Passing defence is chiefly confined to Inundations, and is effected by let¬ ting out water in such a manner that the level ground which lies round a fortified town or place may be en¬ tirely overflowed, and become an inert, stagnant pool. Distant defertee consists in being able to inteiTupt the enemy’s movements by cireuitoms inundations. —t v.a. To defend hy fortification. Defences, dr-fensf, pp. Fortified. Defencelbss, de-fens-les, A Being without defence; unarmed, unprotected, unprepared to resist attack. Defkncblebslt, ad. In an unprotected maimer. Defencelessness, de-fens'-les-nee, s. The state of being unguarded, or unprotected. Defend, de-fetid', y.a,. To drive from: to repel a de¬ mand, charge, or accusation ; to oppose; to resist; to prohibit; to drive back a foe; to prevent from being injured or destroyed, to fortify against danger or violence; to protect, shelter, exculpate, or guard. — v.n. To make opposition. Defendable, de-fend’-&-bl, a. That may be defended. Defendant, de-fend'-ant, a. Defensive; proper for defence. — 8. One who defends against an assailant.—In law, the party that opposes a complaint, demand, or charge; he who is summoned into court, and defeuds, denies, or opposes the demand or charge. Defended, de-fene^-ed, pp. of the verb to defend. Defendsa, de-fen'-der, s. One who maintains, sup¬ ports, protects, or vindicates, either by arms or by arguments; an advocate, pleader, or champion. Defensativb, de-fen'-sd-tiv, s. Guard; defence; a bandage, or plaster, to seeifre a wound from external injury. Defensible, de-fen'-ee-bl, a. That may be defended, vindicated, maintained, or justified; justifiable. Defensive, de-fen'-siv, a. That serves to defend ; proper for defence. — 8. Safeguard; that which defends .—To be on the de¬ fensive, or to stand cm t?ie defenstce, is to be or stand in a state or posture of defence or resistance, in opposi- CiuD to aggression or attack. Defensively , ds-feti'-siv-le, ad. In a defensive manner, on the defensive. Defensort, de-fen'-so-re, a. Defensive; tending to defend. Defer, de-fer', v.a. To put off to r future time; to leave to another’s judgment and determination; to delay ,w>6ipone, or adjouiu. — V, n. To yield t(» another's opinion. Deference, a. Submission to the opinion or judgment of another, regard; respect; complai¬ sance; cimdescension. submission. Deferent, + » Hearing; conveying. — s. That which carries or conveyv; a vessel in tho buman body for the conveyance of fluids. Deferbntia L, »hai, a . Bxpressing deference, in a deferential manner. Dbfkrbntially, act. With deference. Deferment, de fer'-msfni, &. Delay. Deferred, de-fertt, pp. of the verb to defer. Dbfeurbr, de-fer'-rer, a One who delays or puts off. Defeu dalieb, de-few^-4al-iae, v.a. To deprive of feudal nghtA Dbfianc®, %. A challenge to fight; a call to an adversary to encounter, If he dare; a challenge ^ngOT^ ^ oontest; contempt of opposition or BEFIATOEY [ 265 ] DEPUNGT DEriJLToay, dc-JV-h-to-re^ a. Bidding defiance. Deficibncb, de-fish’~ense, is. A falling short ; any Deficibncy, de-fish’-mi-sey 1 want of completeness or perfection ; failure or defect.—Deficiency Bills are a sort of short loan or advance made to Government by the Hank of England, whenever the taxes received are insufficient to pay th*' public dividends due on Government stocks. pEFiciBNT,a. Not sufficient or adequate; not having a full supply.— Deficient numbersy in art^A- metie.axQ those numbers whose aliquot parts, added togetner, make less than the integer, whose parts they are. Deficiently, de-fish’~ent~ley ad. In a defective manner. Deficit, def’-e-sity s. Want; deficiency. Defied, de^fidd, pp. of the verb to defy. Defier, de-fi'-evy s. A challenger; cne who dares to combat or encounter, or one who acts in contempt of law or authoritv. DEr~'>DRATiON ,t ae-fig-ur-a’~8hun,B. A disfiguring. DEFtouRE,t de-fig'-tir, v.a. To delineate. Defilading, de-fe-la'-ding. s. In fortificatioriy the raising of the exposed side of a fortress, so as to shel¬ ter the interior works when they are in danger of being commanded by the enemy from some higher point. Defile, de-file’y v.a. To make filthy or unclean; to corrupt chastity; to pollute, vitiate, contaminate, or debauch. - v.n. To march off in a line, or file by file; to file off. In military matters, to reduce divisions or platoons into a small front, in order to march through a defile. — 8. A narrow passage or way, In whicli &oops may march only In a file, or with a narrow front; a long narrow pass, as between hills, &c. Defiled, ae-file'd’, pp. of the verb to defile. Defilement, de-fil^-ment, s. The state of being de¬ filed, or the act of being defiled; foulness; dirtiness; uncleanness; coiTuption of mor^s; impurity; pollu¬ tion by sin. Defilbb. s. One who defiles; one who cor¬ rupts or violates; that which pollutes. Definable, a. That may be defined or de¬ scribed; capable of having its signification rendered certain; that may be fixed, determined, or ascer¬ tained. Definably, de-fi’-nd-hUy ad. In a defining manner. de-finey v.a. To determine or describe the end or limit, to give the definition of a word, or ascer¬ tain the signification of a term; to explain or point out with clearness. — v.n. To determine; to decide. Defined, de fine'dl, pp. of the verb to define. DEFiNBa, de-fi'-neYy s. One who defines, or explains the signification of a word; one who describes the distinctive properties of a thing. Definite, de/'-e-nit, a. Settled with precision ; certain, precise, or exact. — 8 The thing defined or explained. Definitely, def-e-nit-ley ad. Precisely; in a definite manner. Definitenessj de/’-e-nit-nes, s. Certainty of extent or signification. Definition, def-e-nish’-un, 8. A brief description of a thing by its properties.—In logic, the explication of the essence of a thing by its kind and diflierence.—In lexicography, the explanation of a word or term. Definitive, de-fin’-e-tiv, a. Limiting the extent; de¬ terminate , positive; express; limiting; ending; de- tennining; final. — s. In grammar, an adjective used to define or limit the extent of the signification of an appellative or common noun. Defin itively , de-fin’-e-tiv-le, ad. Positively; expressly; conclusively. 'Definitiveness, de-fin’-e-tiv-nes, s. Determinateness; decisiveness; conclusiveue.ss. Defix, de-fiks’, v.a. To fix , to fasten. Deflaorability, de-fid-grd-bil’-e-te. i. The quality of burning with a sudden and sparkling combustion. DpLAORABLE, de a. Having the quality of burnmg with a sudden combustion. Deflagrate, def lA-grate, v.a. To bum with a sudden and sparkling combustion. Deflagration, def-ld-gra'-shun, s. A sudden and; sparkling eumbuslion. - In chemistry, the term is ap¬ plied to sudden and rapid combustion. ifKPLkQKATOK, def-id-gra'-htr, a. A galvanic instru¬ ment for producing rapid and powerful combustion. Deflect, de-fiekt’, v.n. To turn from or aside • to de viate from a right line. iTnp' turn aside; to turn or bend from a right Deflected, de-iiekt’-ed, pp. of the verb to deflect. D^lection, de-fiekf-shun, s. Deviation; the act of turning aside; a turning from a true line; inflection. Deplexure, de-fieK-shur,a. Abending dovni' a turn¬ ing aside; deviation. Defi^ratb, ^-flo'-rate, a. In botany, having cast its farma, pollen, or fecundating dust. DpLORATioN, de-fio-ra’-shun,a. The act of deflower’ mg, or taking away a woman’s virginity. Deflower, de-Jiour', v.a. To deprive a woman of hcl virguiity; to taku away the prime beauty and grace of anything; 4 to deprive of flowers, Deflowerbr, de-fiour-er-er, a. One who deprives a woman of her vii-ginity; a ravlsher. DEFLcouSjt d^'-lu-us, a. Flowing down; falling off. ^ ^ flowing down; a running 8. A flowing, running, or falling of humours or fluid matter, from a superior to ^5, •^fcJ^or part of the body; a discharge or flowing off of humours. “ Defly4 def'-le, B.d. Deftly; dexterously; skilfully. Defiedation, def-e-da’-shun, s. The act of making filthy. ° Defoliation, a. The fall of the leaf or Sheading of leaves; the time or season of shedding leaves in autumn. ° DEFimcB, de-fors^, v.a. To disseize and keep out of lawful possession of an estate. Deforcement, de-fors^-ment, s. The holding of lands or tenements to wluch another person has a right.A- In Scotland, a resisting of an officer in the execution of law. Deforciant, de-forse'-e-ant, s. He who keeps out of possession the rightful owner of an estate. But the fictitious action of fine brought against a deforciant is now abolished. PEFo riri ATiON, de-foTse-e-a’-shun, s. Seizure of goods; a distress. Defoiih, de-fawrm', T.a. To mar or Injure the form; to disfigure; to render displeasing; to disgrace; to dis¬ figure moral beauty ; to dishonour. — a. Disfigured ; displeasing to the eye. I^efomation, de-faxorm-a’-shun, s. A digflguring or DEFoaMED, de-fawrmd', pp. or a. Injured in the form; wantmg natural beauty or symmeti-y; base; dis- graceful; ugly, disfigured, miasnapen,or ill-favoured. Deformedlt, de-fawrm’-ed-lcy ad. In an ugly manner. Deformedness, de-fawrm’-ed-nes, 8, A disagreeable or unnatural form; uglint^ss. Depormer, de-fawrr^-er, s. One who deforms. Deformity, de-fawrm’-e-te, a. Any unnatural state of the shape or form; irregularity of shape or features; disproportion of limbs; anything that destroys beauty, grace, or propriety; irregularity, absurdity; gross deviation from order; distortion; blemish; disfigure¬ ment. . DbforsbrJ: de-/ord-ser, a. One who casts out by force, Defoul4 de-fout, v.a. To defile. Defradd, de-frawd’, v.a. To deprive of right by de¬ ception or artifice ; to withhold wrongfully from anoth^ what is due to him; to defeat or frustrate wrongfully; to cheat, beguile, or deceive. Defraudation, de-fraw-da’-shun, s. The act of de¬ frauding. Defrauded, de-frawd’-ed, pp. of the verb to defraud. Defraudbr, de-frnted’-er, s. One who defrauds or takes from pother his right by deception, or withholds what 16 his due; a cheat, embezzler, or peculator. Defraudmekt, de-frawd’-ment, a. The act of defraud¬ ing. Defray, v.a. To pay; to discharge; to bear, as, to defray the expenses; to satisfy; X to fill. Defrayer, rf«-/ray'-er, 8. One who pays or discharges expenses. Defrayment, de-fra^-ment, s. Payment. DETT,-fdeft,&. Neat; handsome; spruce; dexterous. Deftly ,+ deff-le, ad. Neatly; dexterously; in a sklifi d manner. Deftness, rfe/J'-wes, 8. Neatness; beauty. de-funkt’, a. Having finished the course 0 / life; deceased; ^functional. — 8. A dead person; one deceased. DEPUNOTION [ 256 ] DELAOEYMATI0ir UiiFUjiCTiON^ de-Junk'-shun, s. Death. Dept^ Y.a. To provoke to combat or strife; to invite one to contest; to challenge to say or do any¬ thing ; to dare, challenge, or brave. —$ 8. A challenge. Defter, de-^'-crjS. One who defies. Sec Depier. DEG,t degy v.a. To sprinkle. {Provincial.) Degarnish, de-gar'-nish, v.a. To unfurnish; to strip of furniture, ornaments, or apparatus; to deprive of a garrison, or troops necessary for defence. Deoabnisbhent, de-gar'-nish-ment, s. The act of de¬ priving of furniture, apparatus, or a garrison. JjEGBNDBRji de-jen'-deVj v.n. To degenerate. Degeneracy, de-jen'-er-d-se, s. A decline in good qualities, or a state of being less valuable; decay of virtue; departure from the virtues of ancestors; poorness; meanness. Degenerate, de-jen'-er-atCy v.a. To become worse; to decay in good qualities; to pass from a good to a bad or worse state. — a. Having fallen from a perfect or good state into a less excellent or worse state; havmg declined in natural or moral worth; low, base, mean, or corrupt. Degenerately, dc-jcn'-er-afc-lc, ad. In a degenerate manner. Degenerateness, de-jen'-er-ate-nesy s. A degenerate state; a state in which the natural good qualities of the species are decayed or lost. Degeneration, de-jen-er~a'-shuny s. A growing worse, or losing of good qualities; a decay of the natural good qualities of the species; a falling from a more exalted state to one of less worth; the thing dege¬ nerated. Deqenerous, de-jen'-er^uSy a. Degenerated; fallen from a state of excellence, or from the virtue and merit of ancestors; low, base, or unworthy. Dbqenerously, de-Jen'-er‘U8-le, ad. In a degenerous manner; basely; meanly. Dbqlutinatb, ae-glew'-te-natCy v.a. To imglue; to loosen or separate substances glued together. Deglutition, de-gln-tish'-wiy 8. The act or power of swaUowing. Degradation, deg-r&-daf-shun^ s. A reducing in rank; the act of depriving of dignity or rank, especially as ‘ applied to the depriving an omcer of his commission, rank, or degree; diminution or reduction of strength, cxceUence, or value; debasement, depression, or dis¬ honour.—In paintingy a lessening and obscuring of the appearance of distant objects in a landscape.— In geologyy reduction of altitude or magnitude. ^ Degrade, de-gradefy v.a. To reduce from a higher to a lower rank; to strip of honours; to reduce in estima¬ tion ; to lessen the value of.—In geology, to reduce in altitude or magnitude. Degraded, pp. or a. Deduced in rank; de¬ prived of an office or dignity. Degradembnt, de-gradff-menty s. Deprivation of rank or office. Degrading, de-gra'-dingy ppr. or a. Reducing in rank; lowering or dishonouring. Degradinoly, de-gra'-ding-le, ad. In a degrading man¬ ner. DEGnAVATioN,de-grd-va'-sAMn,8. Act of making heavy. Degree, 8. A step; a space in progression; a step or portion of progression, in elevation, quality, dignity, or rank; measure; extent.—In genealogy, a certain distance or remove m the line of descent, de¬ termining the proximity of blood.—In geometryy a division of a circle, including the 360th part of its circumference.—A division,8pace, or interval, marked on a mathematical or other instrument.—In algebroy a term applied to equations to denote the highest power of the unknown quantity.—in an inter¬ val of sound; marked by a line on the scale.—In colleges and universities, a mark of distinction conferred on students, as a testimony of their proficiency in arts and sciences.—Honorary degrees are those of doctor of divinity, doctor of lato5, &c.— By degreesy step by step; gradu^y; by little and little; by moderate advances. Degust de-gust'y v.a. To taste. Degusiation, de-gus-ta'-shuny s. A tasting. Dehisce, de-MS', v.n. To gape.—In botany, to open, as the capsules of plants. Dehiscence, de-hisf-sens, s. A gaping.—In botany, the opening of capsules in plants, and of the cells of anthers for emitting pollen, &c. Dehiscent, de-hi^-sent, a. Opening, as a capsule of a plant. Dehonestate,+ de-hon'-es-tate, v.a. To disgr^e. Dbhonestation,+ de-hon-es-ta'-shun, s. A disgradog; dishonouring. Dehort, de-hawrt'y v.a. To dissuade; to advise to tho contrary. Deuortation, de-Aa«?r- fi€~iak-ta^‘$hun, 8. A weaning. Dslainf (i€ 8. A sort of thin figured muslin, somoUmes made of wool, and at o^ers a mus.ed fahnc. Deiapsatiom, de~lap'Sa^-8hunf 8. A falling down. Delapse, de-laps', v.n. To fall or slide down. Delapsion, de-lap'-shun, s. A falling down of the uterus, anus, &c. Delate, ae-late^, r.a. To accuse; to inform against; +to carry or convey. Delation, de-la'-shun, s. Accusation ; act of charging with a crime; + carriage or conveyance. Delator, de-la'-tur, s. An accuser or informer. Delay, de-lay', v.a. To prolong the time of acting or proceeding; to put off; to hinder for a time; to re- sti’ain motion, or render it Blow; to allay; to defer, adjourn, or procrastinate. — v.n. To linger, to move slowly, or to stop for a time. — 8. A lingering; stay; stop; a putting off, or defer¬ ring; procrastination; hindrance for a time. 2)ELAyED, de-laid', pp. of the verb to delay. — a. Removed; put away. Delayer, de-lay'-er, s. One who defers; one who lingers. Delayment, de-lay'-ment, s- Hindrance. Del credere, del cred'-e-re, s. (Ital.) A del credere commission is one under which an agent for selling goods binds himself, for an additional premium, to sec that payment is punctually made. DELEiEV 1 To Wot out; to erase. Deleble, del'-e-hl, a. That can be blotted out. Delectable, de-lekt'-d-bl. a. Delightful; highly pleasing. Delectableness. de-lekv-d-bX-nes, s. Delightfulness. Delectably, de-lekt’-d-hle, ad. Delightfully. Delectation, de-lek-ta'-shun, s. Great pleasure; de¬ light. Delegacy, deV-e-gk-se,B. A number of persons dele¬ gated. Delegate, deV-e-gate, v.a. To send away; to send on an embassy; to send with power to transact business as a representative; to entrust; to commit; to deliver to another’s care and exercise. s. A person appointed and sent by another with poweiE to transact business in his stead; a repre¬ sentative, commissioner, vicar, or substitute. “■ a. Deputed; sent to act for or represent another. Delegated, del'-e-pa-ted, pp. or a. Deputed; sent with a trust or commission to act for another. Delegation, del-e-ga'-shun. s. A sending away; the appointment of a delegate; the persons deputed to act for others.—In the civil law, tne assignment of a debt to another. Delenifical,$ de-len-if'-e-kal, a. Having the virtue to ease or assuage pain. Deleterious, ael-e-te'-re-iia, a. Having the quality of destroying or extinguishing life; destractive; poison¬ ous; injuilous; pernicious. Deletery, del'-e-ter-e, a. Destructive ; poisonous. DeletioNjV de-lef-shun, s. The act of blotting out or erasing; destruction. Dbletor'^ del'-e-tur-e, s. That which blots out. Dele, del/, s. Earthenware, properly Delft-ware, which is covered with enamel or white glazing, in imitation of china-ware or porcelain, originally manufactured at Delft, in Holland, whence the name; + a Quarry or mine. Deliac, d^-le-ac, s. In the arts, a kind of sculptured vase; also, beautiful bronze and silver. Delidate,+ del'^-hate. v.a. To taste; to take a sip. Delibation, + 8. A taste; an essay. Deliberate, de-lW-er-ate, v.n. To weigh the reasons for and against a measure; to estimate the weight or force of arguments, or the probable consequences of a measure; to take into consideration; to ponder, de¬ bate, or hesitate. • - v.a. To balance in the mind; to weigh; to consider. — a. Weighing facts and arguments with a view to a choice or decision; carefully considering the probable consequences of a step; slow in determining; formed wlto deliberation; well advised or considered; not sudden or rash; cautious, circumspect, thoughtful, or considerate. Deliberately, de-liV-er-ate-U, ad. With careful con¬ sideration or deliberation; circumspectly; not hastilv or rashly; slowlv. r ^ * j Dembbiutbness, ’h-W-er-dU-nti, s. Calm considera- K tton; circunispection; due attention to the arguments for and against a measure : caution. ® 8. The act of delib¬ erating : the act of weighing and examining tiie rcMons for and against a choice or measure; tho^ht- fulness, circumspection, or consideration. Deliberative, de-lib'-er-ci-tiv, a Pertaining to delib- Ss^sel fo ° omddef deilbewSu; apt or — B. A dis' ^urse, in which a question is discussed or weighed and examined. Deliberatively, de’liiy-er-{i-tiv-le,dLd. By deliberation Delicacy, del'-e-kd-se, s. Fineness of texture, smooth¬ ness, or tenderness; daintiness; pleasantness to ths taste; elegance; softnes* of manners; civility or politeness; tenderness; scmpulousness; acute or nice perception of what is pleasing to the sense of tasting tenderness 9 f constitution; weakness; slenderness nice susceptibility of impression. Delicate, del'-e-kate, a. Of a fine texture; SElooth, clear, or fair; mce; pleasing to taste; of an agreeable flavmir- nirio ^ -without mjury or danger; composed of fine threads, or nicely interwoven; soft and smooth to the touch; tender; effeminate. —J 8. Anything nice; a nicety. Delicately, d^'-e-kate-le, ad. In a delicate manner daintily; luxuriously; with soft elegance; tenderly. Delicateness, del'-e-kate-nes, s. The state of being de¬ licate ; tenderness; softness; effeminacy. Delicates,$ del'-e-kates, s.pl. Niceties; raiities. Deuces,^ deZ'-c-m,s.pl. Delicacies;delights; dainties, pleasant fantasies. Delicious, de-Zis/i'-Ms, a. Highly pleasing to the taste sweet or grateful to the senses; affording exquisite pleMjm^^^easing to the mind; charming, exquisitq Deliciously , de-li$h'-us-le, ad. In a delicious manner sweetly, pleasantly, or delightfully. Deliciousness, de-ZtsV-Ms-nes, 8. The quality of bein delicious, or very grateful to the taste; great pleasure. Deliqation, del-e-ga'-shun, s. In stirgery, a binding up Delight, de-Titef, s. A high degree of pleastire or satis¬ faction of mind; that which gives great pleasure, or affords delight j rapture or joy, hut a more permanent pleasure thanjoy. — v.a. To affect with ^eat pleasure; to please highly. — v.n. To be greatly pleased or rejoiced. Delighted, de-li'-ted, pp. or a. Greatly pleased; full of delight. Deliohter, de-li'-ter, s. One who takes delight. Delightful, de-litef-ful, a. Highly pleasing; affording f reat pleasure and satisfaction; charming, gratifying eautiful, or loT ely. Delightfully de-lite^-fid-le, ad. In a manner to re¬ ceive or afford great pleasure; very agreeably, chaimingly. Delightfulness, de-lit^-ful-nes, s. The quality of being delightful, or of affordii^ great pleasure. Delightlesb, de-iitef-les, a. Affording no pleasure or delight. Delightsome, de-litd-sum, a. Very pleasing; delightful. Delightsomely, de-litef-sum-le, ad. Very pleasantly; in a delightful manner. Delightsomeness, de-lit^-siim-nea, s. Delightfulness; pleasantness in a high degree. Delimit, de-lim'-it, v.a. To bound; to limit. Deline, t de-line^, v.a. To delineate. Delineament, de-lin'-e-d-ment, s. Representodon by delineation. Delineate, de-lin'-e-ate, v.a. To mark out with lines, to make a draught; to paint, to represent in picture; to draw a likeness of; to depict, design, or descrl le; to represent to the mind or understanding; to exhibit a likeness in words. Delineated, de-lin'-e-a-ted, pp. of tb'} v^/b to delineate. Delineation, de-lin-e-a-shun, s. ./iivt draught of • thing; representation of a form or dgure by lines description. Delineator, de-lin'-e-a-tur, s. One who delineates. Delineature^: de-lin'-e-a-iure, B. Delineation. Delinimbnt4: de-lin'-e-ment, s. Mitigation. Delinquency, de-lin'-kwen-se, s. F^ure or omission of duty; a misdeed; a crime. Delinquent, de-lin'-kwent< a. Failing in duty; offend¬ ing by neglect of duty. DELINQTJEJST DEMAMDAITT i)BtiwauEN« 8. One who Ihils to perform his duty; one who commits a fault or crime; an offender or criminal. DBi-iN(iUENTLT, de^Unf-kwentAef ad. In a manner so as ■ to fail in dutv. CsLiQUATB, deV-e-kioatef v.a. or n. To melt or be dis¬ solved. Deliqcatiom, del^e-ktoa*~$hunf 8. A melting. Obiiqcbsce, del-e-kweff t v.n. To melt gradually and become Liquid by absorbing moisture &om the atmo¬ sphere. Obliuuescencb, (M-e-kwe^’Serigf s. Spontaneous lique¬ faction in the air; a gradual melting by absorption of water from the atmosphere. Deliquescent, del-e~ktv4g'~S€7itf a. Liquefying in the air; capable of attracting moisture from the atmo¬ sphere, and becoming liqiud. Deliquiatb^ (U-Uk'-kwt-nU, v.n. To melt and become liquid by imbibmg water from the air. Deliquiatioh, 8. A melting by at¬ tracting water from the air. XXLiQuicM, 8. In chenti»try, a melting or dissolution in the air, or In a moist place; a liquid state.—In pathok, a swooning or famting; c^ed, also, sjfncope, Dbli&act, B. Delirium. DELiRAMENT.t dt-Ur'-d-mtiit, s. A wandering of the mind; foolish fancy. Delirant, de^li'-rantf a. Delirious. Deltrate, de-ii'-ratty v.n. To rave, as a madman. Dbliration ,+ del-e-rc^-shwiy s. A wandering of mind; ddirium. Dbli&ious, a. Roving in mind; disordered in intellect; having ideas that are wild, irregular, and unconnected. Deliriously, de-liy- 0 -u»~le, ad. In a delii'ious manner. DmiRiousNBSs, de-lir'-e-us-nei, e. The state of being delirious; delirium. Delirium, rfe-Wr'-tf-Mwi, 8. A state In which the ideas of a pci^n are wild, irregiUar, and unconnected; a wandering of the mind; disorder of the intellect.— Delirium tremens is a disease of the brain, produced by excessive and prolonged use oj sj^ituous liquors. Delitaule 4 de'-le-td-bl, a. Delectable; delightful. D£LiTBsoBNCE,t de-le^iesf-senSj s. Retirement; ob¬ scurity. Delitescent, de-le-tes'-sent, a. ^ing hid; concealed. Delitioatb, de-lif-e-gateyY.a. To scold; to chide ve¬ hemently. Delitioation, de-lit-e-ga'‘8htm, s. A striving; a chiding. Deliver, de-liif-ery v.a. To free from danger, bondage, ori^traint of any kind; to disburden a woman oi a child; to give forth in words or action; to release, set free, rescue, or surrender.—To deliver up is to sur¬ render.—To deliver over, to give or pass from one to another; to surrender or resign; to put into another’s r )wer. a. Free; nimble. Deliverable, de-litZ-er’k^bl, a. That may be oris to be aelivered. Deliverance, de-Uf^-er-ans, s. Releasefrom captivity, slaveiy, or any restraint; rescue from danger or evu; act of bringing t" /th children; act of giving or transierring from oiie so another; act of speaking or pronouncing; uttCTance, acquittal of a prisoner by the verc^ict of a lury. Delivers . de-litr-er-er, s. One who delivers; one who releases or rescues; a preserver; one who relates or communicates. DeliverliJ: #r-la, ad. Nimbly. Delivbrnb8s4 ELCDrD, do-lu'-dedy pp. or a. Deoeived, or led into error. Deluder, de-lu'-der, s. One who deceives; an im¬ postor, or one who holds out false pretences. Dt:LVDivQyde-lu'-ditigy s. The act SMARCB, de-martsh', ) B. 'Rie act of mark- Dsmarcation. de-marh-a'-shun^ j Ing, or of ascertain- , Ing and setting a limit; a limit or bound ascertained and fixed. Dematne,! de-mane', 8. Appearance or demeanour. Demean, ae-mee*i\ v.a. To behavei to carry; to con¬ duct , to ti eat- — ± v.n. To debase; to undervalue. —X a behaviour; carria^^e; demeanour. Demeaning, de-me-7iingy a. Debasing. DsMBANOtTR, de-me'-nuTy s. Manner of conducting or behaving; behiiriour, carriage, deportment, or con¬ duct Demean ubb4 de-me*-nure, s. Behaviour. Demsmbeatiom , de-mem-bi'a’-shuny s. The act of Cutting off a limb. ObmenctB. Madness. £teaBNT,+v.a. To make mad or Insane, Dementatb, a. Mad; infatuated* — v.a. To make mad. Oementation, de-7nen-taf-shuny s. The act of making frantic. Demented, a. Crazy; infatuated. Dbmephitization, de-mef-e-te-z^-shuny 6 . The act of purifying from mephitic or foul air. Dbmephitizb, de-mef'-e-tize, v.a. To free from foul, unwholesome air. DsMETiiT, de-mer'-it, s. That which deserves punish¬ ment : that which is blamable or punishable in moral conduct, vice or Clime.—tMerit; desert. —X v.a. To deserve blame or punishment. Demebsed, de-merst'y a. Plunged; situated or growing under water. Demersion, de-mer'-skuny 8. A plunging into a fluid; a drowning; the state of being overwhelmed in water or earth; the putting of a medicine in a dissolving liquor. Dbmesmbrizb, de-mea'-me-vizey v.a. To bring out of the mesmeric state. Demesne, de-meen'. See Dbmain. Demesnial, t de-m^-nr-al, a. Pertaining to a demesne. Demi, dem'-e. A particle signifying half, which is very extensively used in the prefix of words. Demi-bain, dem’-e-bane, \ a. A bath in which only the Demi-bath, < proach.) Dbmi-natured, dem*-e-na'-tchiird,Sk. Having half the nature of another animal. Demi-official, dem'-e-of-fish'-al, a. Partly official, oi authorized. Dbmi-puppbt, dem'-e-pxtp'pet. A half-sised puppet; the most diminutive of the fairies. Dbmi-qd4vbr. aem'-e-kwa'-ver, 8. A note in music, of half the length of the quaver. Demi-RELIEVO, dem'-e-re-lee'-vo, s. In eeulpture, half relief. Demirep, dem’-e-rep, s. A woman of suspicious chaa tity; demi-reputation. Demisable, de-mi’-s&-bl, a. That may be leased. Demise, de-mize*, &. A laying down or removal, applied to the crown or royal authority ; the death of any distinguished individual.—In law, a conveyance or transfer of an estate, by lease or will. Demise and re-demise, a conveyance where there are mutual leases made from one to another of the same land. — v.a. To transfer or convey ; to lease; to bequeath, to grant by will. Dbmi-semiqcaver, dem'-e-eem'-e-ktoa-ver, 9. A note in mosic, two of which are equal to a semiquaver. Demission, de-mish'-un, s. A lowering; degradation ; depression. DemissiveJ: de-mis^-siv,) Dismiss, t ae-rnif, | Dbmisslt 4 de-mif-le, ad. In an humble manner. Demissory,^ de~mif-8tir-e. See Dimissort. Demit,+ de-mif, v.a. To let fall; to depress; to submit. Dbmi-tint, dem'-e-tint^ s. In painting, a gradation of colour between positive light and positive shade. Dbmi-tone, dmn'-e-tone, s. In music, an interval of half a tone, a semi-tone. Humble. Demiurge, dem'-e-urj, \ s. In classical mythology, a Demioroos, de7n'-e-ur-gos, ) subordinate deity em¬ ployed in the creation of the world. Demiurgic, dem-e-ur'-jik, a. Pertaining to creative power. Demi-volt, dem'-e-volty 9. One of the seven artificial motions of a horse, in which he raivc his fore legs in a particular manner. Dbmi-wolf, dem'-e-ioolf, 8. Half % wolf; a mongrel dog between a dog and a wolf. Democracy, dged in the hands of the people. . Democrat, dem'-o-krat, s. Ore who adheres to a go¬ vernment by the people, or favours the extension of the right of suffmge to classes of men; one op¬ posed to monarchic^ govf mment. Democratic, de7n-o-k7-at-ih , 1 a. Pertaining to DE.yLQCK\T\cK\., di-m-o-hrai'-e-kaly] democracy, or go¬ vernment by the people. Democratically , dem-o-krat'-e-kal-le, ad. In a demo- cratical manner Democratism,-! de-tnof^-ra-tizm, s. The principles or spirit of democracy. Democratize, de-7nok'-ra-tize, v.a. To render demo¬ cratic. Demooorgon , de7n'-o-gau'7'*-gu7i, s. A mysterious divinity among the ancients, mentioned by Milton. Demoiselle, dem'-a-zel, s. A species of bird, the Numidian crane, so c^led from its elegant, lady-Uke attitude, the name of a paviour’s implement. Demolish, de-77wl'-ish, v.a. To throw or pull down ; to separate any collected mass; to destroy, raze, or dis¬ mantle Demolished, de-mol'-isht, pp. or a. Pulled down, razed, or destroyed. Deholisher, de-mol'-ish-er , 8. One who pidJ? or throws down , one who destroys or lays waste. Demolishment, s. Ruin; overthrow. Demolition, s.. The act of overthrow¬ ing or destroying; ruin or destruction. Demon, d^-nton, s. A spixi . or immaterial being; an evil spirit or genius. Demoness, d(f-7no7i-ea, s. A female denion. I)BMONBTrzr,t de-7no7i'-e-tize, \ .a. To divest of standard value, as money. Demoniac, de-mo'-nv-aA, la. Pertaining to demons Demoniacal, de-wo'-ne-A-Aol, > or evil spirits; influ- Demon IAN, de-mot-ne-rniy ) enoed or produced by demons or evil spirits. Demoniac, s- A human being possessed by a demon. DEMONIACALLY [ 260 3 DENDEOMA DssmomiacaIiLT, de-mt/~ne-ci-kal~l€, ad. In a demoniacal Dbmoniacism, fl. A demoniacal BtatC) or demoniacal practices. . .. ^ Demoniacs, de-in(/-ne-ak8, s.pl. In ChUTch Atsiory, a branch of the Anabaptists, whose distinguishing tenet was, that at the end of the world the devil will be saved. ^ ^ ^ v • Dbmonianism, rfe-mo'-n«-an-tz»», 8. The state of being possessed by a demon. , ^ . Demonism, d^-mon-iztnf 8. The belief in demons or false gods. , . ^ _ Demonist, d^-mon^ist, s. A worshipper of demons. Demonize, rfa'-rnon-ize, v.a. To fill with the spirit of a demon. Demonocract, de-mon-oTd^r&sef 8 The power or go¬ vernment of demons. T.. J Demonoiatby, de~inon-oV-&-trey 8 The worship of demons, or of evil spirits. • 4 . Dbmonolooic, de^mon o-loy~iky \ a. Pertaining to Demonological, de-‘'mon-‘ 0 -l(d'-e-kdl, j demonology. Demonoloqist, de-tnon-ol'-o-jist, s. A writer on demon¬ ology* . ,. Demonology, de-moii-oV-o-^e, a. A discourse on demons; a treatise on evil spirits. Demonomania, de-mon-o-mo'-ne-d, 8. A speines of madness, in which the person supposes himself to be under the influence of the devil. ^ Demonomist, de-mon'-o-misty s. Onp who lives in sub¬ jection to the devil, or to evil spirits.^ ^ Demonomy, de-wio?i'- 0 'WC, 8. The dominion of demons, or of evil spirits. . Demonry, de~mon~re, s. Demoniacal influence. Demonship, de'-mon-ship, s. The state of a dera(m. Demonstrable, de-tnoyi'-strci-bl, a. That may be de¬ monstrated, or proved beyond doubt. Demonstrai’Leness, de-inon'-strd-hl'neSy s. The quality of being demonstrable. Demonstrably, de-tnon''Str&-hley ad. In a manner to preclude doubt. Demonstrate, de-vion^-stratey or deni -on-s^rate, v.a. To prove beyond the possiblity of doubt.—In anatomyy to exhibit the parts when dissected; to prove, or make manifest. , , ^ ^ j Demonstrated, de^mon'-stra^iedf or detn-on-stra-tedy pp. of the verb to demonstrate. Demonstration, dem-on^sWa'-shuny s.^ The act of de¬ monstrating, or of exhibiting certain proof; indubi¬ table evidence of the senses, or of reason.—In logiCy a series of syllogisms, all whose premises^ are either definitions, self-evident truths, or propositions ali’eady established.—Show; exhibition.—In anatomyy the exhibition of parts dissected.—In military affairsy a hostile movement of troops toward a given point. Demonstrative, de-won -str&'tiVy a. Having the power of demonstration; invincibly conclusive. Demonstratively, de-mon'-strci-tivde, ad. "With cer¬ tain evidence ; clearly or convincingly. Demonstrativeness, de-mon'-str&-tiv-7ies, s. Quality of being demonstrative. Demonstratcr, dem'-on^stra-tury s. One who proves anything certainty, or with indubitable evi¬ dence.—In anatomy y one who exhibits the parts when dissected. Demonstratory, de-mon'-strd-tur-e, a. Tending to de¬ monstrate ; having a tendency to prove beyond doubt. Demoralization, de-mor-al-e~za*-snun, s. The act of subverting or corrupting morals. Demoralize, de-mor'-d-lizey v.a. To corrupt or under¬ mine the morals; to render corrupt in morals. Demoralized, de-mor* d-lize'd, pp. Cornipted in morals. Demosthenic, dem-os-then'-ikydu. Pertaining to Demos¬ thenes, the Grecian orator. Demotic, de-mot'-ik, a. Popular; pertaining to the people.—Demoftc cTiarac ers, among the ancient JEgyp- tin7xSy were a conversion of hieroglyphics into a kind of current hand for p^oj ular use, approaching very nearly to alphabetical writing Dbmple, dem'ply s. A dribble, or implement for setting potatoes. Dbsipstbr, dtfw'-sfer, s. A judge in Scotland and the Channel Isles DkmptjJ dempt, pp. of the verb to deem, DEMULCBjt v.a. To soothe, to soften or pacify. DciirLCENT, de-mxil'-sefity a. Softening or mollifying. •- 9. Any medicine which lessens the effects of imta- tiOQon the solids; that which softens or mollifies. Demur, de-mur', v.n. To suspend proceedings; to delay determination or conclusion.—In lawy to stop at any point in the pleadings; to pause, doubt, or hesitate. ■ v.a. To doubt dif. — 8. Stop; pause; hesitation as to the propriety of proceeding. Demure, de-mure', a. Sober; grave; modest; down¬ cast. —$ v.n. To look with a grave countenance. Demurely, ad. With a grave, solemn coun • tenauce. Demurenbss, de-mur^-neSy s. Gravity of countenance; a modest look. Demurrable, de-mur'-d-hl, a. That may be demurred. Demurrage, de-mxir'-raje, 8. An allowance made by the freighters of a ship to its owners for delay or detention in port, beyond the appointed time of de¬ parture.—In the railway cleari7ig-housey a fixed tariff for the detention of trucks, horse-boxes, &c., belong¬ ing to other companies. Demurrer, de-mur'-rer, s. One who demurs.—In laWy an issue joined at some point in the pleadings, to be determined by the judges. Demy, tfe-wi', s. A particular size of paper, measuring 22 by 17i inches for printing, and 20 by 15^ inches for writing on; a half-fellow at Magdalen College, Oxford. Den, deny s. A cave or hollow place in the earth ; as a termination, in names of places, it denotes the place to be in a valley or near a wood. • v.n. To dwell as in a den. Denarcotizb, de-nar'-ko-tize, v.a. To deprive of nar¬ cotine. Denarius, de-na'-re-uSy 8. A silver com among the ancient Romans worth eightpence, and so called from the letter X upon it.—Jn law bookSy an English penny.— JDenaritts Dei, or God’s penny, was earnest money given and received by parties in contracts, &c. —De7iarius St. Petri, or Peter’s pence, in the middle ages, was an annual payment of one penny from every family to the pope, paid on the feast of St. Peter.—Denarius tertius comitatus was the third part of the fines paid in the county courts, or third penny, which was reserved for the earl. Denary, den'-ar-Cy a. Containing ten. — 8. The number ten. Denationalize, de-nash'-un-al-izey v.a. To divest of national character or rights, by transference to the service of another nation. Denaturalize, de-natch'-u-ral-izCy \ v.a. To render un- Denaturate, de-nafr/i'-M-rcjfe, ) natural; to alien¬ ate from nature. Denat,$ de-na'y s. Denial; refusal. —X v.a. To deny. Dendra, den'-d7'(i. \ A common prefix in botany, orni- Dendro, den'-dro. j thology, zoology, and mineralogy, for indicating some relation with or resemblance to Dendrachatb, den'-drA-katey s. Arborescent agate, which contains the figures of shnibs or pai*ts of plants. Dendrieobm, de7i'-dre-fawr7ny^. Having the appearance of a tree. Dendrite, dexi'-dritCy s. An arborescent mineral; a stone or mineral on or in which are the figures of shrubs or trees. Dendritic, ) a. Containing the figures Dendritical, de7i-drit'-e-kal, ) of shrubs or trees, as stones &c. Dendrobates, den-di'oh'-d-tes, s. A genus of birds, of the family Ricidee, belonging to the True W ood- peckers. Dendrocops, den'-dro-kops, s. In ofmithology, the True Creepers, a genus of birds belonging to the family Dendrocygna, den-dro^-ig-nA, s. In ornithologyy the Tree Ducks, a genus of aquatic birds, belonging to the family Ariatidw. Dendroid, den'-droydy a. Resembling^ a shmb. Dendroit, den'-droyt, 8. A fossil which has some re¬ semblance in form to the branch of a tree. Dendrolite, den'-dro-liie, 8, A petrified or fossil shrub, plant, or pai*t of a plant. Dendrologist, den-drol'-o-jist, s. One versed in den¬ drology, or the natural history of trees. Dendrology, de7i-drol'-o-je, s. A discourse or treatise on trees; the na tural history of trees. Dendroma, d€7\'-dro-7nAy s. In omithoJogyy the Tb:ce- DEUDEOMETEB. [ 261 ] DEOBSTEUOT runners, a genus of birds belonging to the family CerthiaatB. Dendrometer, den-drom'-e^teTf 8. An instrument to measure the height and diameter of trees. ^ Dendroplex, deft''dro-pieks, s. A genus of birds belong¬ ing to the family CerthiadcB, or Creepers. Dendeosauea, den dro-saw'^rayS. The Tree lazards, a tribe of reptiles; the chameleons. . ^ENEB) den'-eby 8. (Arab.) The name of a bright star in the tail of Leo, the Lion. i)ENEGATE,4: den'-e-gate, v,a. To deny. Deneoation4: den-e-ga^-shun, 8. Denial. Deniable, a. That may be denied or con¬ tradicted. Denial, de~ni*-aly 8. A negation or declaration to the contrary; contradiction; the negation of a request or petition ; a rejection or refusing to acknowledge ; a disowning.—A denial of oiie'e self is a declining of some gratification; restraint of one’s appetites or propensities. Deniee, de-nV-evy s. One who denies or contradicts; one who refuses or rejects, or does not own, avow, or acknowledge. . Deniee, de-neer\ s. A small French com, now in disuse, about the twelfth part of a sol. Denigrate, den'-e-grate, v.a. To blacken; to make Denigbjition, den-e^-gra'-ihunj s. The act of making black; a blackening. Denitration, + den-e-trc^-shunf 8. A disengaging of nitric acid. Denization, den-e-ea'-sftwn, s. The act of making one a denizen, subject, or citizen. Denizen, den'-e-zny s. A dweller; an alien made a subject by the king’s letters patent; a stranger admitted to residence in a foreign countiT-. — v.a. To enfranchise; to admit to residence with certain rights and privileges. Denizenseip, s. State of being a de¬ nizen. Dennet, den'-nety s. A two-wheeled carriage. Denominabls, de-nom'-e-nM)l, a. That may he deno¬ minated or named. Denominate, de-noin'~e^nate, v.a. To give a name or epithet to; to designate. Denominated, de~nom*-e-na^tedy pp. Called or desig¬ nated. Denomination, de-non^-e-fui-ehuny s. The act of naming; a name, title, or appellation; a vocal sound; a society or collection of individuals called by the same name; a sect. Denominational^ de-nom-e-na'-shun-aly a. Pertaining to a denomination. Denominationally, de-nom-e-na*^ah\m-aUley ad. By denominations or sects. Denominative, de~nom'-e-na~tiVy a. That gives a name, or confers a distinct appellation. Denominativelv, de-nomf-e-na-tiv-Uy ad. By denomi¬ nation. Denominator, de-nomf-e-nn-tury s. He who gives a name.—In arithnietiCy that number placed below the line in vulgar fractions wliich shows into how many parts the integer is divided. Denotable, de-no'-td-hly a. That may be denoted or marked. Denotate, den'-o-tate. See Denote. Denotation, den-o-ta*-shwi, s. The act of denoting. Denotative, de-no'~t&-tiv^ a. Having power to denote. Denote, de-not^, v.a. Ts indicate, express, or show; to signify by some mark or indication. Denoted, de-no'-ted, pp. Marked or indicated. Denotement, de-note'-ment, s. A sign or indication; observation. Denouement, den-oo’-mong, s. (Fr.) The development of the plot of a play or novel; the development of any series of events. Denounce, de-iioun^, v.a. To declare solemnly; to proclaim in a threatening ma?finer; to threaten by some outward sign or expression; to inform against, or accuse. Denounced, de-nonnsf, pp, of the verb to denounce. Denouncemen*". de-nouns-ment, 8. The declaration of a menace; denunciation. Denouncer, de-noun^-evy s. One Who denounces, or declares a menace. De novo, de no'-vo. (Lat) Anew i again. Dense, dens, a. Close; compact; having its constituent , parts closelv united; thick. Densely, densf-le, ad. "With great compactness; In a dense manner. Denseness, rfens'-ne«, 1 s. Closeness of constituent Density, den'-se-te, j parts ; compactness ; thick¬ ness. Dent, dent, s. (Fr.) A mark or impression; a tooth or projecting point; a gap, notch, or small hollow made by the pressure of a harder body on a softer; inden¬ tation. The plural Denta is applied by manufacturers to the teeth of a comb or metallic brush or “card,” and also to the cams or wires of the reed-firame of a weaver’s loom. --- v.a. To make a dent or small hollow. See Indent. Dental, a. Pertaining to the teeth; formed or pronounced by the teeth, with the aid of the tongue. — s. An articulation or letter formed by placing tiie end of the tongue against the upper teeth, or against tlie gum that covers' the root of the upper teeth. Dentalitb, den'-tal-ite, s. A fossil shell of the genu* dentalium. Dentate, den'-tate, 1 a. Toothed, or having the Dentated, den'-ta-tedy) margin ^vided into inci¬ sions like teeth. Dentately, den*-tate-le, ad. In a dentate manner. Dentation, den-ta'-ahun, s. The form or formation 0 | teeth Dentato-sinuatb, den-ta^-to-siiV-u-ate, a. A term de¬ noting a form intermediate between dentate and sinuate. Dented, dent'-edyVL. Indented; impressed with little hollows. Dentels, den'-tehy s.pl. ModiUions. Denticle, den'-te-kl, s. A small toiJth or projecting point. Denticulate, Denticulated, } ^.Having small teeth. Denticulately, den-til^->u-lateAsy ad. In a denticulate manner. Denticulation, den-tik-u-l(f-shun, s. The state of being set with small teeth. Dentieorm, den'-te-fawrm, a. Having the form of a tooth. Dentifrice, den'-te-fris, s. A powder or other sub¬ stance to be used in cleaning the teeth. Dentil, den'-til, s. An ornament in cornices hearing some resemblance to teeth, used particularly in the Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite orders. Dentilation, den-te-la'-ahun, 8. Dentiticai; the for xnation of teeth. Denting, dentf-ing. See Indenting. Dentirostral, den-te-rof-tral, a. Having a toothed bill Dentirostrbs, den-te-ros'-tres, s. A tribe of the order Xnsessores, or Perching birds, so named firom having the hill conspicuously notched. Dentist, den'-tiat, s. One whose occupation is to clean and extract teeth, or repair them when diseased. Dentistry, den'-tia-tre, s. The art or practice of a dentist. Dentition^ den-fish'-un, s. The breeding or cutting of teeth in infancy; the time of breeding teeth. Dentize, den'-tize, v.a. or n. To renew the teeth, or have them renewed. Dentoid, den'-toidy a. Like or resembling a tooth. Denudate, de-new'-date, \ v.a. To remove all covering. Denude, ) to make bare or naked; to strip, lay bare, or dismantle. Denudation, de-new-da'-shun, s. Laying bare, or divest¬ ing of covering.—In geology, the laving of rocks bare by the washing away of the super^cim deposits; the strata thus laid bare. Denuded, de-new'-ded, pp. Stripped or divested of covering. Denunciatb, de-nun'-8he-ai,Sy v.a. To denounce; to threaten. Denunciation, de-nun-ahe-a'-ahun, s. Solemn or formal declaration, accompanied with a menace; proclama¬ tion of a threat; a public menac?- Denunciator, dt nun'-ahf'-a-turyB> utie who denounce* or threatens; an accuser. Denunciatory j de-nun'she-a-tUY-e, a. Characterised by denunciation. . Deny, de-ni', vn. To declare a stfttemeift or position not to be true; to refuse to grant; to withhold; tc disown; to reject.—To deny one'a self is to decline the 1 gratification of appetites or desires.—To contradict, [ gainsay, or disclatoi. I Deobstbuct, de-ob-strukfy V.a. To remove obstructlow DEOBSTEUENT [ 202 ] DEPLOEEMENT or impediments to a passage; to clear from anything that hinders a passage. Deobstroent, de-oi/'Stru-mtj a. RemoTing obstruc¬ tions; resolving viscidities ; aperient. — 8. Any medicine which removes obstructions, and opens the natural passages of the fluids of the body. Deodaj^d, de^‘ 0 -dandf s. In law, any personal chattel which is the immediate occasion of tlie death of a rational creature, and, for that reason, given to Qod, or applied to pious uses. Deodhrization. de-(/-dor-€-za-shnn, 8. The art of deo¬ dorizing, or depriving of odour. Deodorize, de-o'-dor-ize, v.a. To deprive of odour or smell, as quicklime deodorizes night soil, and chlo¬ ride of lime deodorizes infections or feonle mias¬ mata. Deodorizer, .n To luir.g from ; to be connected with anything; to rely on; to idhere; to hold to; to be retained; to rely; to confide; to have lull confi¬ dence in. Dependable, + de-pen'-dd-bt, a. That may be depended Dependence, Is. A state of hanging Dependency , de-pen'-den-$e, j down from a supporter; something hanging down from another; concatena¬ tion ; a state of being subject to the will of an intelli¬ gent cause; reliance; confidence; trust; a resting on; accident; that which p-jrtain* to something else, or which is attached to, but subordinate to some¬ thing.—In polit. geog., a territory remote from the kingdom or state to which it belongs, but subject to Its dominion. Dependent, de-pen'-dent, a. Hanging down; subject to the power or at the (iisposal of; relying on for sup¬ port or favour: unable to subsist or to perform any - thing without the aid of. — 8. One who is at the disposal of another, or who relies on another for support or favour; a retainer. Depkndbntly, €le~pen'~aent-let ad. In a dependent manner. Defender, de-pen*-dery s. One who depends* a de¬ pendent. DEPBBDiTjt de-per'-dity a. Lost or destroyed. Deperdition, s. Loss; destruction. Deperditly, de-pet^-dit-lty ad. In a lost or ruined manner. Depbrtiblb,. de-per*-te-bl,Q,. Separable or divisible. Dephlegm, dt-fiem' v.a. To clear from phlegm. Dephlbgmatb, de-fte^-matty v.a. To deprive of super¬ abundant water, as by evaporation or distillation; to rectify. Dephlegmated, de-fie^-7na-tedy pp. Freed from mixture. — a. Concentrated; puiifled. Dephlbgmation, s. The operation of separating water from spirits and acids, by evapora¬ tion or repeated distillation. Dbphijegmednbs8,4 de-fiem'-ed-nesy 8. A state of being freed from water. Dephlogisticate, de-flo-git-te-kaiCy v.a. To deprive of j^hJogiston, or the supposed principle of inflamma- Dephlogisticated^ de-fio-gi^-te-ka-iedy pp. or a. De¬ prived of phlogiston .—Dephlogisticated air was the name applied by Dr. Priestiey to oxygen. Depict, ae-pikty v.a. To form a likeness in colours; to represent in words; to delineate, paint, describe, or represent. Depicted, de p%k*-tedy pp. of the verb to depict. Depiction, de-pUt-shun, s. A painting or depicting. Depicture, de-pikt-ynrey v.a. To paint, to picture, to represent in colours. Depilate, dep -e-late, v.a. To Strip of hair. Depilation, dep-e-la'-shuny 8. The act of pulling off the hair. Depilatory, de piV-A-tnr-ef&. Having the quality or power to take off hair and make bald. —8. Any application which is used to take off the hair of an animal body, such as lime, &c. Depilous, dep'-e-lus, a Without hair. Deplantation, de-^an^taf-ahnnyS. The act Of taking up plants from beds. Depletion, de-pie'-shuny s. 'Fhe act of emptying.—In pathology, the act of diminishing the quantity of blood in the vessels by venesection; blood-letting. Depletory, de-pW-tur-Cy a. Calculated to obviate fulness of habit. Deplication, dep-le-ka'-shun, s. An unfolding, un¬ twisting, or unplaiting. Deplorable, de-plo’-rA-bl, a. That may be deplored or lamented; that demands or causes lamentation; la* mentabie, wretched, or contemptible. Deplorablenebs, de-plo'-rAnhl-neSy s. The state of being deplorable; a miserable state, wretchedness. Deplorably, ad. In a manner to be de¬ plored; lamentably; miserably DEPuORArE,t rafr, a. Lamentable; hopeless. Defloration, s The act of lamenting, — In mmic, a dii’ge, oi mournful sti'ain. Deplore, de-plore, v.a Tc feel or express deep ana poignant ei*ief for; to bewail, bemoan, or deeplv regret. Deplored, de-plore'd', pp. of »he verb to deplore. Dpploeedly ,t de-pio'-red-le, ad. Lamentiibly. DEPLoREMENT,d«-p^ore'-me?*i,8. A weeping; a lament* ing. DBPLOEEIt [ 263 ] DEPRESS Dbplorer, ^e-pW-retf s. One who deplores or deeply laments; a deep monmer. Deflorino, de-pl(/~ring, 6. Act of deploring. DsPLoamoLT, de-plo'-ring-le, ad. In a deploring manner. Deploy, de-pZof, VA. To display ; to open ; to extend. -—In military mattersy to deploy is to extend the front of an army or battalion, which is usually done in making an attack. — v.n. To open or extend; to form a more extended front or line. Deployment, de-ploC-menty s. The act of unfolding or expanding any giyen body of men, in order to extend their front. Deplumation, de^plu-ma^^shuny g. The stripping or ^iing off of plumes or feathers; a tumour of the eye¬ lids, with loM of hair. Deplume^ de-plum^, y.a. To strip or pluck off feathers; to deprive of plumage. Depolarization, de-pc^-lar-e^za-shurif s. The act of depriving of polarity, as the rays of light. Depolariee, de-piZ-lar-ize.y.SL To deprive of polarity. Deponb4: de-pone', v.a. To lay down as a pledge; to wage; to testify under oath; to depose. Deponent, de^&-nent, a. Laying down. In the Latin language y a deponent verb is one which has a passive torminatlon, with an active signification. One who deposes, or gives a deposition under oath, one who gives written testimony to be used as evidence in a court of justice. DBPOPtJLARizE ,4 de-p^-u-Lar-ize, v.a. To make or render unpopular. Depopulate, de-pop'^-latey v.a. To dispeople; to de¬ prive of inhabitants. — v.n. To become dispeopled. Depopflated, de-popf-u-la-ted, pp. or a. Dispeopled; deprived of inhabitants. ^ * Depopdlation, de-pop-u-M-shwn, s. The act of dispeo¬ pling ; destruction or expulsion ofmhabitante. DpopuLATon, de-pop'-u-la-txcr, a. One who depopu¬ lates ; one who destroys or expels the inhabitants of a city, town, or countiy. Deport, de-porif, v.a. With the redproeal pronottji. to carry; to demean, or to behave; to transport; to carry away from one country to another. — 6. iiehaviour; carriage; demeanour; deportment.— {Foetical.) Deportation, de-por-t(^~9hitny s. A carrying away a removal from one country to another, or to a distant place; exile; banishment. Deported, de-port'-cd, pp. of the verb to deport. Deportment, de-porf-ment. s. Manner of acting in relation to the duties of life; carriage, behaviour or conduct. ’ Deposable, da-po'-ai-bl, a. That may be deposed, or deprired of office. Deposal, ^~p&~zalj 8. The act of deposing, or divest' mg of office. Depose, de-pozd, v.a. To reduce from a throne or other higher station; to divest of office; ±to lav down or deposit. * ■' — v.n. To give tesdmonv in writing, according to due form of law; to bear witness. ^tS^e’d.^'*’'^'*^’ degraded; Deposeb, «J»-po'-ser, s. One who deposes or degrades from office. Dbposino , de-po'-singy s. The act of dethroning. Deposit, de-poz'-it, v.a. To lay or throw ; to lay up ; to lodge in the hands of a person for eafb-keeping; to commit to the care of; to commit to one as a pled^; t to lay aside. ^ thrown down: any mattei* laid or tiirown down, or lodged; a pledge; a pawn; a sum of money, or anything given as security; a de- pository.—In deposU, in a state of pledge or safe-heep- mg.—In s/toloyy, matter laid or thrown down aftw being siwpaBdad on or carried by the water. ». A person with whom jmvthiHg ta left or lodg^ in trust, tor the benefit or wie owner ; a trustee ; a guardian PP- a- Laid down; en- Deposit I o«, d.p-o-s«A'_„„, 8. Tile act of laying or Rowing do^; t^t which is lodged; the act of SS£. taatmaany under oath; the attested vnrWon tesamonv of a witness; an affidavit; the act of dethroning a ting, or the degrading of a person ” stuHon, a depriving of clerical thing IS lodged for safe-keeping. ^ DEPosiTUM,de-po2'-e-^um, s. (Lat.) A deposit. de pojS. A place of deposit for any kind of goods, or where military stores and provisions are kept, Md where recruits are traineiL-Ih fort^ti^n a particular place at the trail of the trenchraTout o[ reach of the cannon of a besieged place. of making mythmg bad, or of comiptlng It; a state in which t censure, d^- mation, deterioration, or deg^eracy Dbpbave, de-prene’ v.a. To make bad or woree; te ♦ g^ood qualities; to make bad qualities worse - to defame or vilify: to corrupt or pollute. ’ U^RAVTO, dc-ppTOc’d', pp. Made bad or worse; tainted TO^pted; destitute of holiness or good princlplss vitiated; profligate; abandoned ad. In a corrupt manner. DxpKayimKTOs, de-pra^-ved-net, s. Corruption; taint; a viaated state. * DBPBA.VBMENT, de-prooe'-mmty s. A vitiated state ^epraver, ^-praT-very s. A corrupter; a vilifier. de-pra'-vingy s. A corrupting; a tra- ad. In a depraving «• A vitiated state of the neart, corruption of moral principles; destitution of holiness or good principles. dcp'-re-M-il, a. That is to he depre- .To pray against; to pray or en^at that a present evil may be removed, or an expected one averted; to regret; to express deep sorrow at a present evU, or at one that may occur; to implore mercy of. i Defrecated, dejf -rr.-ka-ted, pp. of the verb to deprecate, ad- By d^reca- A praying against; entreaty; petitioning ; a begging pardon for. Deprecator, dep -re-ka-tur, s. One who deprecates. Deprecatory, dpp'-«-Io-eur-e, 1 a. That serves to de ^fo^oV^y^'" ’ Pi-ecate; having the Deprecirtb, de-prf-she-ate, v.a. To lessen or cry down the price or value of a thing; to undervalue; to traduce, or underrate. — V ji. To Call in value; to become of less worth. • Ue^bciatbd, de-pre'-she-a-tedy pp. or a. Lessened In price; undervalued. Dotreoiatiom , de-pre-the-ef-thun, s. The act of le»en- mg OT crying down price or value; reduction of worth. DBPREcuTIVB,de-^>re».«Ae-o-fM», la. Tending to dc- de-_pre'-eA«-o-^«r-«, / preciate; under- Deprbc i^'TQ-B.,^-prd-she-a-turt One who depreciates Dhpmdatb. dep'-pre-datey v.a. To plunder, rob, oi pillage; to take the property of an enemy or of a lor^gn country by force; to prey upon, waste, or spoil; to devour or destroy by e^ng. ~ v.n. To take plunder or prey; to commit waste. Depredation, dep-prt-dcf -ihuny s. The act of plunder ing, robbing, or pillaging; waste; cemsumption. Deprbdatob., de^-pre^.-tivr^ g. One who plunders 05 pillages; a spoiler; a waster. DEPUEnATORT deff-prt da-tur-e, a. Plundering; spoil¬ ing ; conMstiiig in pillaging. Deprehbnd,+ d^-pre-hend'. v.a. To take unawares or by surprise; to seiBe; to detest, i ^ disco vet*; to obtain the knowledge of. $ v.n. To discover. Deprbhensiblb, dep-pre-henf-se-bly a. That may hc caught or discovered. Dbprehbn.stbleness, dpp-pre-hen'-Be-H-neey^. Capable- ness of being caught or discovered. Depuehensiun, dep-pre-hef^-^uny s. A catchlnj? or seizing; a discovery. Depress, de-pres', v.a. To press down; to let fall; to dOYni j to render dull or languid; to sink in altitude; to impoverish; to lower in value; to abas^ cast dov^-n, or dispmt. DEPRESSED [ 264 *] * DERIVATIVE Depressed, de-prest'^ pp. or a. Pressed or forced dov^Ti , lowered, dejected, or rendered lajigiiid. Deprbssinqlt, de-prest^sing-Uj ad. In a depressing manner. Depression, de-pre^N-un, s. The act of pressing down; a low state; a hollow; the act of h-umhling; a sink¬ ing of the spirits ; a low state of strength, or of busi¬ ness.—In astronomy^ the angular distance of a celestial object below the horizon. Depression of the pole is its angular approach to the horizon, as the spectator recedes from the pole toward the equator.—In algebra, the depressi^i of an equation is the reduction of the equation to one of lower dimensions.—In military matters, the pointing of any piece of ordnance, so ; that its shot may be projected under the point-blank line. Depressive, a. Able or tending to depress or cast down. Depressor, 8. One who presses down; an oppressor.—In anatonhj, a muscle that depresses or draws down the part to wliich it is attached. Depriment, dep'-rc-ment. s. Depression.—Deprimens is applied to a muscle which depresses. Deprivablb, de-pri'~vdrbl, a. That may he deprived. I) EPRi>^i'ioN, d€p-re~vc^‘shun,s. The act of depriving, or taking away; a state of being deprived; bereave¬ ment by loss of friends or of goods.—In law, the act of divesting a bishop or other clergyman of his spiritual promotion or dignity; the taking away of a preferment; deposition. Deprive, de-prwe, v.a. To take from; to bereave of something possessed or enjoyed; to divest of a dig¬ nity or omcc. Deprived, de-prive'd', pp. of the verb to deprive. Deprivement, de-prive'-ment, s. The state of losing or being deprived. Depriver, de~pri^'ver, s. He or that which deprives or bereaves. Depth, depth, 9. Deepness; the measure of an^hing from the surface downwards; a deep place; the sea or ocean ; the abyss; a gulf of infinite profundity; the middle or height of anything, as the depth of winter or of night, the depth of a wood, &c.; ab¬ struseness ; that which is not easily explored, as the depths of metaphysics ; infinity; profoundness; ex¬ tent of penetration, as depth of understanding. The depth of a squadron or battalion is the number of men in a file.— Depth of a sail is the extent of the square sails from the head-rope to the footorope. Deptden4 dep'thn, v.a. To deepen. Dbpthless, depth'-les, a. Having no depth. DEPecEL.\TE,$ de-pu'-se-late, v.a. To deflower; to be¬ reave of virginity. Depulse,$ de-pulse, v.a. To drive away. Depulsed,^ de-pulsV, pp. Driven away. DEPufsioN, de-pul'-shun, s A driving or thiTisting away. Depulsort, de-puV-sur^ex Driving or ‘thrusting away; averting. Depurate, dep'-w-ra^e, v.a. To purify; to free from impurities. a. Cleansed; pure; not contaminated. CtepURATED, dep-u-ra‘ted, pp. or a. Purified from hete¬ rogeneous matter, or from impurities. ^^PURATioN. dep'U-Ya''’Shun, s. The act of purifying or ^eing fluids nrom heterogeneous matter; the cleans¬ ing of a wound from impure matter. ^puRATOR, s. He or that which cleanses. BEPURATORv,dgp'-«-**a-^«r-«,a. Cleansing; pmifying; or tending to purify. S)epure4: ae-pewr'y v.a. To depurate. Depurition, dep-u risW-un, s. The removal of im¬ purities in humours of the body; the clarification of a liquid I^bputation, dep-u-ta'-shw^iy %. The act of appointing a substitute or representative to act for another; a spe¬ cial commission or authority to act; the person or persons authorized to transact business for another. J) epute, de-pewt', v.a. To apjwint as a substitute or agent to act for another. pEPUTED, de-pew'-ted, pp. or a. Appointed as a sub¬ stitute. Deputize,+ dej/-u-tize, v.a. To appoint a deputy; to empower to act for another. Deputy, dep'-u-te, s. A person appointed or elected to act for another; a subsafute, representative, or dele¬ gate ; a lieutenant; a viceiroy.^la law, one who ex¬ ercises an office in another’s right.— Deputy-coilectcr is a person appointed to perform the duties of a col¬ lector of the customs, in place of the collector.— Deputy-marshal is one appointed to act in the place of the marshal.—is a person appointed to act as postmaster, in subordination to the Post¬ master-General.—is one deputed or authorized to perform the duties of the sheriff.—In like manner, we use deputy-commissary, deputy- paymaster, &c. Dequantitate,-!' de-hwan'-te-tate, v.a. To diminish the quantity of. Der, der. A prefix to names of places; perhaps from Sax. deor, a wild beast; or from dur, water Deracinate, + de-ras'-e-nate, v.a. To pluck up by the roots; to extirpate. Deracination, de-ras-e-na'-shtin, s. The act of pulling up by the roots. Deraign,± 1 j f v.a. To prove; to justify; to Deeain/) ( clear one’s self. Deraignment, 1 ^ (8. The act of dcraign- DnniiNMENT, I j . justification. Derange, de-rawyV, v.a. To turn out of the regular course; to throw into confusion; to disorder the in¬ tellect, or disturb the regular operations of reason. Deranged, de-rah\}d', pp. or a. Put out of order; dis¬ turbed, confused, or disordered in mind. Derangement, de-raiuje'-ment, s. A putting out of order; disturbance of regularity or regular course; disorder of the intellect or reason; insanity or madness. Derav ,X de-ray', v.a. Tumult, disorder, or merriment. Derbyshire Spar, dor'-be-sher spar, s. l^uor spar, or fluorid of calcium, found in Derbyshire, and wrought into beautiful vases and other ornaments. Dere4 deer, a. Hurtful. —X v.a. To hiui;. Derelict, der'-c-ZiAi, a. Left; abandoned. — 8. In law, an article of goods, or any commodity, tlirown away, relinquished, or abandoned by the owner; a tract of land left dJ 7 by the sea, and fit for cultivation or use.— Derelicts are goods found at sea^ which have been abandoned or relinquished by the owner. Dereliction, der-e-lik'-shun, s. The act of leaving with an intention not to reclaim; an utter forsaking the state of being leit or abandoned. Derel[ng4: deer'-ling, s. A darling. Dereworth4 deer'-worth, a. Highly valued; appre¬ ciated. Deride, de-rid^, v.a. To turn to ridicukt make sport of; to treat with scorn by laughter. Derided, de-ri'-ded, pp. of the verb to deride. Derider, de-ri'-der, s. One who laughs at another in contempt; a mocker; a scoffer. Deridingly, de-ri'-ding~le, ad. By way of derision or mockery. Derision, de-rizh'-un, 8. Contempt manifested by laughter': a laughing-stock; mockery, or ridicule Derisive, de-ri'-s%v, a. Containing derision; mocking; ridiculing. Derisively, de-rV-siv-le, ad. With mockery or con¬ tempt. Derisiveness, de-ri'-siv-tie$, s. The state of being d6« risive. Derisory, de-ri'-sur-e. a. Mocking; ridiculing. Derivable, de-ri'-vd-ol, a. That may be drawn of received, as from a source, or from ancestors; deduci' ble; that may be drawn from a rascal word. Deuivably, de-ri'-vd-ble, ad. By derivation, Derivate, der'-e-vate, s. A word derived from anothet — v.a. To derive. Derivation, der-e-va^-skun, s. The act of deri^ung dmwing, or receiving from a source.—In grammar. the drawing or tracing of a word from its original. —A drawing from, or turning aside from a natural course or channel; a drawing of humours from one part of the body to another; the thing derived or deduced. Derivational, der-e-va'-shun-al, a. Relating to deri¬ vation. Derivative, de-rtvt-a-Hv, a. Derived; taken or having proceeded from another or something preceding; secondary —A derivative dhord, in muste, is one de¬ rived from a fundamental chord.—In law, derivative conveyances are secondary deeds, such as releases, surrenders, or consignments. — 8. That Trblcb i8 deiiyed i a woid wUch lakei it* DERIVATIVELY [ 265 ] DESCRY : orifita in another word, or is formed from it.—In a chord not fundamental. Derivatively, de-rW ad. In a dK*lvatIve manner; by derivation. Derivativeness, de-viff-'d-tiv-neSy 8. The state of being derivative. Derive, de-rive'y v.a. To draw from, as m a regular course or channel; to deduce or draw, as from a root or primitive word; $to turn from natural course; to mvert; + to communicate from one to another hy descent; to spread in various directions; to cause to flow. —t v.n. To come or proceed from. Derived, de-riM’d'y pp. or a. Drawn,as from a source; descended, communicated, or transmitted. DfERivER, de-ri'-ver, s. One who derives, or draws from a source. Derm, derm, 18. The cutis vera, or true skin; the Derma, de7''-wd,) organised integument which covers Animal bodies. — Derm-skcleton is a term applied to the outward case or covering of numerous classes of animals, as the lobster, Scc.^Hermabranchiates is the scientific name of a large family of Gasteropods, or Snails, of which the genus Dermdbranehusy or Snail, is the tY^Q.—DermapterayOvDermapteranSy are an order of insects comprehending those genera which have the elytra wholly coriaceous and hori¬ zontal, the two membranous wings folded longitudi¬ nally, and the tail armed with a forceps. Dermal, der'-maly a. Pertaining to skin ; consisting of skin. Dermatic, der-maf-iky 1 ^ Pertaining to the skin. Dbbmatine, aer-»ia-<»n,) , ° Dermatine, dey-md-tiriy s. A mineral found in the Serpentine quari-y near Waldheim, in Saxony. Dermatoid, der'~mA-toydy a. Like the s ki n, yet not skin; demioid. Dermatoi.ogist, der~m&-tol'~0‘jisty s. One who writes on the skin, and treats of its diseases. Dermatology, der-md^toV-o-jey s. A treatise or history of the skin and Its diseases. Dermic, a. Relating to the skin. Dermistes, der^mis'-tesy s. A genus of Coleopterous insects, of the order Dermistia^ so named from its ravages on the skins of stuned animals in our museums. Dermoid, der'-woyd, a. Resembling the skin; derma¬ toid. Dern,$ del'll, a. Solitary; sad; cruel. Dbrnful, 4: a. Sad; mournful. Dernier, dern'-yarty a. Last; final ; ultimate, as the dernier ressort. Dernlt,+ dern'-Uy ad. Sadly; mournfully. Derogate, der'-o-gate, v.a. To lessen the worth of a erson or thing; to disparage; tto repeal, annul, or eetroy the force and effect of some part of a law or established rule; to lessen the extent of a law. — T.n. To detract; to lessen by taking away a part; tto act beneath one’s rank, place, or birth. Derogated, der'-o-ga-tedy pp. of the verb to derogate, Derogately, der'‘9-gateA$y ad. In a manner to lessen or take from. Derogation, der-o-ga*-shuny s. The act of taking away or destroying the value or effect of anything, or of limiting its extent; the act of taking something from merit, reputation, or honour; detraction, disparage¬ ment; the act or annulling or revoking a law, or some part of it. Derogative, t de-voc^-d-tiCy a. Derogatory. Derogatorilt, de-Yog'-d-tur-il’ey ad. In a detracting manner. DERoo^iTORiNESs, de-To^-d-tuT-e-neSy s. The quality of being derogatory. Derogatory, de-rog'-d-tur-ey a. Detracting or tending to lessen by taking something from; that lessens the extent, effect, or value. Derrick, de.r'-ri'ky s. An instrument or contrivance for raising heavy weights by means of a pulley.— Der- Hck-ciane is an improved iron crane. Derring.I der'-ring, a. Daring. Dervise, der'-vts, 8. A Turkish or Persian monk, or religious fanatic, who professes extreme poverty, and leads an austere life. Descant, des^-kanty s. A song or tune composed in parts, or with various modulgrtions; a discourse, dis¬ cussion, disputation, or comment; the art of composing music in several part«, which may be plain, figurative, or double. Descant, des-kanfy v.n. To discourse at large; to com- mc»*t; to make a variety of remarks; to anunadvert freely; to run a division or musical variety with the voice or instrument. Descanter, des-ka7i'-ter, s. One who descants. Descantin®, des-kant'-ing. s. Remark, conjecture. Descend, de-send^y v.n. To move, come, or go down ward; to invade; to proceed from a source, or to be derived; to pass from a preceding possessor according' to the laws of succession or inheritance; to come down from an elevated or honourable station.—In musicy to pass from any note to another less acute or shrill, or from sharp to flat. — v.a. To walk, move, or pass downward on a decli¬ vity. Descendant, de-sen'-danty s. Any person proceediM from an ancestor in any degree; issue; ofepring, m the line of generation Descended, ^seiV^ded, pp. of the verb to descend. Descendent, de-sen*'denty a. Descending, or sinking, proceeding from an original or ancestor. Descendibility, de-sen-'de-biV-e-te, s. Ths^ quality of being descendible, or capable of being transmitted from ancestors. Descendible, de-sen'-de-bl, a. That may be descended or passed down; that may descend from an ancestor to an heir. Descbnsion, de-sen-sliwiy b. The act of going down¬ ward ; descent; a falling or sinking; declension , degradation.—In astroTwtny, right descension is tlio arc of the equator which descends with the sign or star below the horizon of a direct sphere. Descensional, de-seii'-shun-aly a. Peitaining to de¬ scent. Descensive, de-&e7i'-8iVy a. Tending downward, having power to descend. Descensorium, de-8e7i-so'-re-umy s. A chemical furnace in which distillation by descent was performed, but which is now very rarely used. Descent, de-sent', s. The act of descending, or passing from a higher to a lower place, by any form of motion; fall from a higher to a lower state or stetiou; invasion of troops fron the sea; transmission by suc¬ cession or inheritance; birth; origin; a single degree in the scale of genealogy; ofl'spring; issue; descend¬ ants ; lowest place.— In fortificaiioii, the term I)escents is applied to the vaults or hollow places made by un¬ dermining the ground.—In niechariicsy the motion of a body towards the centre of the earth, caused by the attraction of gravity.—In heraldi-y, the term is used to express the coming down of anything, as a lion m descent.—In music, a passing from a note oj* sound to one more grave or less acute. Describable, de-skri'-bd-bl, a. That may be described; capable of description. Describe, de-skribe', v.a. To delineate or mark the form or figure; to make or exhibit a figure by motion; to communicate an idea of a thing, bv naming ita nature, form, or properties; to represent by signs; to draw a plan; to represent by lines and other marks on paper, or other material; to give a clear exliibition in language; to define laxly; to set forth, represent, or delincate- Described, de-^ribe'd'y pp. of the verb to describe, Describent, de-skri'-beiity a. Describing Describee, de-skri'-ber, s. One who describes by marks, words, or signs. Descried, de-skride*, pp. Discovered; se@&. Descrier, de-skrf-er, s. One who espies or dhtcovers a discoverer; a detector. Description, de-skrip'-shun,s. Tlie act of delineating or representing the figure of anything by a plan to be presented to the eye; the figure or ap^iearance of anything delineated; the act of representing a thing by words or by signs ; the person having the qualities expressed; recite, account, detail, narrative, or ex¬ planation. Descriptive, de-ski'ip'-tiv, a. Containing description, tending to describe; having the quality of represent¬ ing.— descriptive geometry is that part of mathematical science which consists in the application of geometri¬ cal rules to the representation of the figures and the various relations of the forms ol bodies. _ ^ Descriptively, de-skrip'-tiv-le, ad. By desciiption. Descriptiveness, de-skrip'-iiv-nes, s. State of being descriptive. DEscRrvE,± de-slvrive', v a* To describe. Descry, de-skri'y^Y.^ To explore espy, or DESCRY [ 266 ] DESMIIE run away; to quit a «ervlce without per- b 7 observation; to discover anything concealed; to give notice of something suddenly discovared. DaacaVf'f s. The thing descried, as an army sees at a distance. D*8*GATBjt v,fL To cxrt «ff, or to cut away. PESBCB.ATB, ds«'~4~if^aie, v.a. To dirert firom a saoi^ purputi^ or appropriation . opposed to . dgy »-krn pp of the verb to desperate. 0:£9»< Ration df^s f-krtf ». act of diverting a «Hcrj*d purposi (jr us® to which a thing had been devoted . the a<4 of lUverting fiYjm a sacred eha- raEsnRTRix, de~zert’-riksy\ who deserts. UasBRVB. de-zerv'y v.a. To merit; to be worthy of; to merit by labour or services, or by good actions or qualities In general. — v.n. To merit; to be worthy of or deserving. Dbsgrved, de-zervd'y pp. or a. Merited; worthy of. • PBsBRvimLY, de-zerv'-eddcy ad. Justly; according to desert, whether of good or evil. Desbrver, dr.-zer'-veTy s. One who deserves or merits; one who Is worthy of. Deservinq, de-zertZ-iitg, ppr. of the verb to deserve. — a, Wortliy of reward; meritorious; possessed of good qualities. — s. The act of meriting, desert; merit. Des-ervinoly. de-zerv^~ing-ley ad. Meritoriously; with just desert. Desmauillb, de.s-ha-biVy s. (Fr.) An undress; a loose morning dress. Desiccant, de-sih'-kanty a. Drying, or tending to dry. — 8. A medicine or application that dries a sore. Desioc.\te, drs'-ik-katey or de^sik'-katey v.a. To dry; to exhaust of moisture. — v.n. To become dry. Desiccation, des-ik-ka'-sJiun, 8. The act of making dry ; the state of being di’ied. Desiocative, dr-sik'ded-tiv, a. Drying; tending to dry; having the power to diy. -s. An appiic.ation which tends to dry up morbid or ulcerous secretions. Desidbratb, de-sid' er-ate, v.a. To want; to miss. Desidf.ration,+ d‘‘-sid~er-a'-shimy a Act of desiderating, or deairing anything. Desiderative, de-sid'-er~&-tivy a. Denoting desii’e. — 8. An of desire. Desihera tue-sid-er-a'-tumy e., pi. Desiderata. (Lat.) That which Ls desired; that which is not pos¬ sessed, but which is desirable. Desidiose,!: rffi-strf'-e-ose, a. Idle; lazy; heavy. DE8ioHT,+ rff site\s. Something that displeases the eye. Design, de-sinefy v.a. To sketch, plan, orprop(Ke; to delineate a fortn or figure by drawing the outline; to form an outline or representation of anytliing in the mind; to form a plan, purpose, or intention. — s. Purpose, intention, or project; a plan or repre¬ sentation of a thing by an outline; first idea repre¬ sented by visible lines; a plan of any work of art di’awn out in the mind.—In maniifactoi'ies, the figures with which workmen ennch their stuffs, copied from p^ting or draughts,—A School o/.-Dcsign is a semi- (nary or institution In which the principles of drawing connected with the Industrial arts are taught.—iS musiey the diapetiti malignant. Despitefi lly , de-spite'-fu/-le, ad With despite; ma¬ liciously; contemptuously. Despitefulnews, de-spiti^-jnl-nes, 8. Malice; extreme hatred, malignity. DE.spiTBoc8,t des-mi's-us, a. Malicious. DESPiTBousLY.t des-pit' e-us-le, &(i. Maliciiusly; furi¬ ously. Desfitino, de-spi'-ftnp, ppr. ora. Offending; teasing. Despoil, v.a. To strip or divest byanymeans; to deprive, rob, or bereave. DusToiLSDfdespogld', pp. Stripped; robbed; bereaved, deprived. Despoiler, despoyl'-er, s. One who strips by force; a plunderer. Despoilment, despoyl'-meJit, 1 8. The act of de- Despoliation, d«-«po-^e-a'-sAu», j spoiling; a strip¬ ping or plundering. Despond, desporu^, v.n. To be cast down; to be de¬ pressed or dejected in mind; to fall in spirits; to lose all courage or resolution; to sink from loss of hope. —X 8. Despondency. Despondence, l8. A state of despair, Despondency, despon'-dense,} a sinking or dejection of spirits at the loss of hope; loss of courage; m deep affliction. Despondent, de^^on'~dent, a. Losing courage at the loss of hope; sinking into dejection; depressed and inactive; in despair. Despondently, despon'-dent-le, ad. Without hope, j Dbspondbh., despond'-er, s. One destitute of hope. Desponding, despond-ing, a. Yielding to discourage¬ ment ; depressed in spirit. Despondinqly, despond'-ing-de, ad. In a desponding manner; despairingly. DesponsatEjJ despoti'sate. v.a. To betroth. Despon8ation,$ desponsa'shun, s. A betrothing. Despot, de^-pot. s. An emperor, king, or prince In¬ vested with absolute power, or ruling without any control from men, constitution, or laws. In a general sense, a tyrant. Despotic, oa-spor-ift, la. Absolute In power; ’DBSFortcAjj, despot'-e-kalyj independent of control; arbitrary in the exercise of power; tyrannical; arbi¬ trary. Despotically, despot'-e-kal-le, ad. With unlimited power; in a despotic manner. DFSPOTiCALNESs,EBTiN-!,def-tin-ey s. Predestination, fate, or neces¬ sity ; the immutable power by which events are so ordered, that whatever happens could not possibly have been otherwise; invincible necessity.— Destinies are the Fates, or supposed powers which preside over human life, spin it out, and determine it. Destitute, des'-te-tuiCy a. Not having or possessing; wanting; needy, abject, or friendless. —X s. One who is without friends or comfort. v-a. To forsake; to deprive. Destituteness, des’-te-tute-nes, 1 s. The state of heinir Destitution, des-te-tu'-shun, / destitute; want; ab¬ sence of a thing; a state in which something is wanted or not possessed; poverty. Destroy. v.a. To pull down: to demolish; to separate the parts of an edifice, the union of which ^ constitute a thing; to ruin, or an¬ nihilate a thing by demolishing or burning; to ^ waste, or make desolate; to kill; to slay; to extirpate; to eat, devour, or con- s^e.—In chemistry, to resolve a body into its parts or elements. ^ Destrotable. de-stroy'^h~hl, a. That may be destroyed. Destroyed, de-stroyiff, pp. of the verb to destroy. who destroys, or lays Destroyino, de-str&t/^in^, s. Destruction. Destructibility, de-atruk-te-hiV-e-te, s. The quality of being capable of destruction. ^ ^able to destruction: capable of being destroyed. * Destructiblbness, de^struk'-te-bl-nes, s. The state of being destructible. Destruction, de-struk'-shun, s. The act of destroying; a pifiiing do-vm; ruin, by whatever means; deatli, SSuSon massacre, demolition, subversion, Destru^ionist, de~8truk'-shun-i$t, s. One in favour destructive; one who believes that tlie fin^ pumshment of the wicked consists in total extinction of being. a. Causing destruction; nayiag the quality ol aestroymg; mortal, deadly, poisonous, fatal, or ruinous. ^ ad- -With destruction; ^e-struk’-tiv-nes, s. The quality of destroymg or ruining. o ui destroyer; a consumer. ilESDD^iON, des-u-da'-shtm, a. A profu4 or morbid »hfkt^SS." p“- T-a- To deprive of ^ofTiUptar":'"^”’ pp. or a. Deprived DEsoLPHuaiTiott, de-sul-fn-ra'-shun, a. The act or operation of depriving of sulphur. -^aeacior SrXseIy.''''^“'''“’"*''"’ ^ ^ desultory man- Desultoriness, des'-ul-tur-e-nes, a. A desultorv man¬ ner; unconnectedness. -a-uesuiiory man- VssvLTORi, des'-ul-tur-e, la. Eovlne or naasino- one subjec. to another, without order or connection ;un- suddenly; rambling, discursive, DESCME,t de-sumf, v.a. To take from; to borrow v.a. To cause to be different m meaning. Detach, da-t,itrh', v.a. To separate or disengage: to cause a sepai-ation from, or remove anything attached. -In military and naval matters, to separate men from regiments; to select slilps from a fleet, and send them on a separate service. ■'^“b to detach. D*xac«si«kt, di-tatch’-ment, a. The act of dctaehwg or scparalmg; a body of troops, selected or taken from the main army, and employed on some special service or expe^tion; a number of ships, taken from a fleet, and sent on a separate service. ^ ^la^ze* To relate minutely; to particu- — 8. A minute narration or report of particulars.—In the Ftfie Arts, the parts of a work as distinguished from the whole. &'*«**c« Detailed, de-tale'd', pp. Minutely recited. Detailer, de-‘tale'-er, s. One who details. v.a. To keep back or from; to with- hold; to hold in custody; to retain, stay, or arrest. Detaindbr, de-ionc'-dcr, 8. A wiit. iSec Detinue. Detained, de.-tane'd', pp. of the erb to detain. Detainer, de-iane'-cr, s. One who withliolds what belongs to another.—In law, a holding or keeping possession of what belongs to anothsr. ^ Writ of detainer lie* against prisoners in custody, m order that they may be detained till discharged. Detainment, de-tand-ment, s. The act detaining: detention. ® * Detect, v.a. To discover or find out; to bring to light something hidden or unobserved. Detectable, de~^tekt'~d~bl, a. That may be detected or found out; discoverable. Detected, ae~tekt'~ed, pp. or a. Discovered or brought to llgilt. Detecter, de-frA:'-frr, s. A discoverer; one who finds out what another attempts to conceal. Detection, de-tek'-shun,s. The act of detecting; dis- ^ Peraoii or thing attempted to be con- Detectivb, de-tekf-tiv, a. That detects or discovers. — s. A policeman employed to detect offenders. DETENEBBA.TB,t de't€7e~e~brate, v.a. To remove dark* ness. > s. A stop in a clock, which, by being lilted up or let down, locks and unlocks the <5ock in striking. The plural Detents applies generally to the stops in clock-work machinery. Detenteur, ded-en-teur, s. (Fr.) A holder of bills, funds, &c. Detention, de-ten'’Shun, s. The act of detaining; a wit^olding from another his right: confinement or restraint; delay from necessity. Deter, de-frr', y.a. To discourage by fear; to stop or cuUy rrom acting or proceeding by danger or difa- Deterqe, de-terfy v.a. To cleanse; to purge away foul or offending matter from the body, or from an ulcer. Deterged, de~terjd', pp. Cleansed or purged. Detergent, a. Cleansing; purging. — s. -A medicine that has the power of cleansing the vessels or shin from offending matter. Deteriorate, de-fe'-re-o-mfr, v,n. To grow worse: to be impaired in quality; to degenerate. — v.a. To make worse; to reduce in quality. Deteriorated, de-td-re-o-ra-ted, pp. of the verb to deteriorate. Deterioration, de-te-re-o-ra'-shun, s. A growing or making worse; the state of growing worse. DETERIORITY,de-^e-rc-or'-e-fr,8. Worsestateorqualify. Determa, de-ter'-moy s. A native wood of Guiana, used for masts, booms, and planks for colonial craft. Determent, de-ter'-ment, s. The act or cause of deter¬ ring, or that which deters. Determinability, de-ter^min-d^bil'-e-te, s. Quality of being determinable. Determin^le, de^ter'-min-A-bl, a. That may be de¬ cided with certainty; that may be determmedl—In law. determinable freeholds are estates for life, which may determine upon future contingencies before the life for which they are created expires. Determinant, a. Causing determina* tion. Determinate, de-ted^me~nate. a. Limited, fixed, or defimte, established, settled, or positive.—In matics, a determinate problem is a problem which admits of one solution only, or of a limited number of solutions. — v.a. To limit. Determinatelt, de-ter^-me-nate-le, ad. With cer¬ tainty, resolutely. Determinateness, de-teid^me^nate-nes, s. The state of being determinate, certain, or precise. Determination, de'‘ter~me-na*~shun,9. The act of de¬ termining or deciding; decision of a questieti in th^ DETEEMINATIVE [ 269 ] DEETOXIDE mind: firm resolution; settlement by a judicial deci¬ sion ; a putting an end to.—In surgery, a determination of blood IS a rapid floiv of Wood to the brain, or any particuiar part of the body. Determinative, de-ter'-me-na-tiv, a. That_ uncon- troUabiy directs to a certain end; that hinits or bounds; tliat is empioyed in determining. Determinatob, de-ter^'nie-ti^-turf s. One wlio deter- inmes* Determine, de~tey'-nitn) v.a. To fix on « to settle or establish; to end, limit, bound, or confine; to give a direction to, or influence the choice; to resolve, or settle a point in the mind; to put an end to • to settle or ascertain; J to destroy. — v.n. To conclude; to come to a decision. Detekminei>, de-teT^-miiidf pp. of the verb to detcr^ mine. .. .. — a. Having a firm or fixed purpose, or manifestmg a firm resolution; resolute. Determinedly, de-ter'-^inin-edrlei ad. In a determined manner. , , , Determiner, de-tei'^-tniu-cTy s. One "who mahes a de¬ termination. , , X . il. ♦ Determinism, s. The doctrine that motives invincibly determine the 'vvill. DETEBRA.TioN,-i- de-tcr-Yof -shuny s. The uncovering of anything which is buried or covered with earth. Deterred, de^terd'y pp. of the verb to deter. Deterrence, de-ter-vensy s. That wMch deters. Deterring, dc-ter'-ringy a. Discouraging; fidghtening. Detersion, 8. The act of cleansing, as a sore. . , . A. Detersive, a. Cleansing; having power to cleanse from offending matter. — s. A medicine whicli lias the power of cleansing ulcers, or carrying off foul matter. , - a. • DETERSivENEss,i* de-ter'-slv-nesy s. Quality of being detersive. Detest, de-test', v.a. To hate extremely; to ahlior, loathe, abominate, or execrate. Detestable, de-test'-d-hly a. Extremely hateful; de- seiwing abhorrence ; abominable, odious, or exe¬ crable. Detestableness, de-tesf-d-bl-neSy s. Extreme hateful- Detestably, ad. Yeryhatefully, abomin- ably. ^ . A. Detestate, $ de-te^-tate, v.a. To detest. , . , , Detestation, de-tes-ta'-shun, s. Extreme hatred; ab- horrence; loathing. . , a_ Detested, de-test'-edy pp. or a. Hated extremely , ab¬ horred. Detester, de-test'-ery s. One who abhors. ^ Dethrone, de-i/»‘one', v.a. To remove or drive p’om a throne; io depose, or to divest of royal authority and dignity. , , . Dethroned, de-throne'y pp. or a. Removed CTom a thi’one; deposed. Detiiuonement, de~thron(f-merity s. Removal from a throne; deposition of a king, emperor, or prince. Dethronbr, de-thro'-nery s. One who dethrones. Dethronization, de-thro-ne-za'-shun, s. The act Of dethroning. DETHRoNizEjt de-thro-nizcf ^ v.a. To unthrone. Detinue, det'-e-nue, s. In laiv, a writ of detinue is one that lies against him who wrongfully detains goods or chattels delivered to him, or in his possession. Detonate^ det'-o-natey v.a. To cause to explode; to bum or inflame with a sudden report. — v.n. To explode; to bum with a sudden report thus, nitre detonates with sulphur. Detonating, def-o-na-tingy ppr. or a. Exploding; in¬ flaming with a sudden report.— Fowder consists of fukninating mercury, silver, or other com¬ pound which detonate when stmek or heated.— Fetonating Tube is a glass tube used by chemists for the detonation of gaseous bodies. Detonation, det-o-na'-shun, s. An expkision or sudden report made by the inflammation of certain combus¬ tible bodies, as felminating gold. Detonization, 8. The act of explod¬ ing, as certain combustible bodies. Detonize, det'-o-tiizCy v.a. To cause to explode; to bum with an explosion; to calcine with detonation. — v.n. To explode: to bum wtth a sudden report. DBTORsioNjrfc-iator-s^Mn, s. A wresting; a perversion. Dbtort, de-tawrt'j v.a. To twist; to wrest; to pervert; to turn from tbe eriginal or plain meaning. DmoRTED, de-tawrt'-edy pp. or a. Twisted or per¬ verted. ' Detortion, de-tawr'-shun, s. A turning or wresting, perversion. D-ETOVB-y de-toor'y s. (Er.) A turning; a circuitous way. Detract, de-trakt'y v.a. To take away from reputation or merit; to derogate from; to take away; to with¬ draw ; to disparage, depreciate, or calumniate. Detracter, 8. One who detracts. Detbactingly, de-trakt'-ing-lcy ad. In a detracting manner. Detraction, de-trak'-shun, s. The act of taking some' thing from the reputation or worth of another, or of depreciating another, from envy or malice, disparage- p’^ent or calumny. DEiRACTious,t de-trak'-shusy a. Containing detrac¬ tion ; lessening reputation. Detractive) de-trak'-tiv, a. Having the quality or ten¬ dency to lessen the worth or estimation. DETRACTiYENEss,i- de-trak'-tiv-7iesy s. The quality of being detractive. Detractor, de~trakf-tur, s. One who takes^ away or impairs the reputation of another injuriously; a slanderer or calumniator. Detractory, de-trak'-tur-ej a. Derogatory* defama toiy^ by denial of desert. Detractbess, de-trakf-treSy 8. A female detractor; s censorious woman. Detrect,^ de-trektf, v.a. To refuse. Detrectation,$ 8. A refusing to do a thing. . - Detriment, dei'-re-wieui, s. That which injures; loss, damage, hurt, or mischief. . Detrimental, det-re-men'-taly a. Causing loss or damage; injurious, hurtful, prejudicial, or disadvan¬ tageous. , rm- Detrimentalness, det-re-men'-tal-nesy s. The quality of being detrimental. ^ Detrimented, det'-re-men-tedy a. Injured; made w^on»ie Betrital, de-tri'-tal, a. Peitaining to or consisting of detritus. . „ Detrition, s. A wearing off. Detritus, de-tri'~tusy e. In geologyy the disintegrated materials of the earth’s surface, or the matter worn off roclis Bethhde, de-trudd, v.a. To tlimst down; to pusli down with force. ^ j j Detruded, de-tru'-ded,v-p. or a. Thrust or forced down. Detruncate, de-trun'-katey v.a. To cut off; to lop; to shorten by cutting. a. a*? __ a Detruncated, pp. Cut off; shortened. Detruncation, 8. The act oi cutting Detrusion, de-U'u'-shuny s. The act of tlirusting or drivins down. . ,, Detumescence, de-tU’^mes^-sensy 8. Dmunntion of swelling. . j BETUREATioNji det-ur-ba'-shuu, s. Disturhance; a de¬ molishing; degradation. „ , Detuetate, de-twr'-po^e, v.a. Tofefile. Deuce, duse, s. Two; a cai-d with ^vo spots; a die with two spots. Deuse’ ! ^ Deute’ro-Canonical, dew'-ter-ro-han-on'-e-M, a. An epithet recently applied to the hooks of the Apo- Deutorogamist, dew-ter- og'-d-mist, s. One who marries the second time. . , _.__ Deuterogamv, dBW-fcj--oo'-d-»ie,s. A second marriage, after the death of the first husband or wite. . , Deuteronomy, dew-ter-on'-o-me, s. the law hy Moses; the name given to the fifth hook or De^| s. ^^rJfone Deuteropathy, dew-ter-op'-a-they ) affection cl one part of the tody with another part; as headache from an overloaded stomach. DEUTEROScopv,t detv-tcr-os’-Jco^e, s. tention; the meaning beyond the literal sensxL DruTo dciv'-to.s. A term used in chemisfry whOT two GQuivalents of any substance are combined with one anothei-; as dcutoA-ide, having two degrees of oxyda- Deu?oxide, dew-totd-id,B. In chemistry, a compof d of two aioms or equivaleote of oxygen with one o. some base. DEVOUE DEVAPOEATION [ 270 ] Betapoiution, de-vap-o-ra^-shunj s. The change of vapour into water, as in the generation of rain. Dbva8t,J de-vasf, v.a. To lay waste; to plunder. Devastate, dev' v.a. To lay waste; to destroy improvements; to ravage, desolate, or plunder. Devastated, deiZ-as-ta-ted, pp. Laid waste ; ravaged. Devastation, dev-rts-^o'-eAitn, 8. Waste, ravage, deso¬ lation, or ruin; destruction of works of art and natursU productions wliich are necessiiry or useful to man.—In law, waste of the goods of the deceased by an executor or administrator. Devastavit, de-vas-ta'-vit, s. In law, a writ lying against an executor for paying legacies and debts without specialty, before the debt upon the specialties he due. Develop, de-pelf-op, v.a. To disclose or make known something concealed or withheld from notice; to un fold what intricate; to uncover, lay open, unravel, or disentauiio. Developed, cw-vcr-o/>t, pp. Unfolded; laid open. Developer, de-vel'-o-per, s. One who develops or un¬ folds. Development, de-vel'-op-rnent. 8. The discovering of something secret or withhela fi’om the knowledge of others ; tuU exhibition ; the unravelling of a plot; unfolding, detection, or disentanglement. Dbtenu8tatb,+ dev-e-mis'-tate, v.a. To deprive of beauty or grace. DeverobncejJ( ie-ver'-jcns, Is. A declination, or de- DBVEK9ENCT,t'-rA, 8. An Basteiu measure of capacity, which varies in different parts of India—being, in the Bombay presidency, equal to 19 lbs. 11 oz. drs ; also a species of Holeus, which is the primipal grain crop of Egypt after wheat, cargoes of wl ich often reach liie London market from the Levant. Dia, A Greek prefix, of very common occurrence to scientific terms, signifying through. Diabase, di'-d-hase, 8. Another name of greenivcne. DiAjBATBRiAL.t di-ob-d-te' -re olf a. Border-passing Diabetes, di-&-be'-tea, s. An excessive and morbid dis¬ charge of saccharine urine. Diabetic, di-h-bet'-ik, a. Pertaining to diabetes.— JMabetic Sugar is the sweet principle of diabetic urine, and of most acid fruits, it is sometimes known as starch sugar, sugar of fruits, &c. Diablbry, dt-c6-/e-rc, 8. Devilry, incantation, oi sorcery. Diabolic, di-escnptive. Diagraphics, di’d-gra/'-Jiiis, s.pl. The art of design or drawing. Diagrydiates, Strong purgatives made with diagrydium, a preparation of scammony and quince juice. Dial, di'-al. s. A figured surface, or plate, for measuring time by the shadow of the sun, on which lines are drawn in such a manner that the shadow of a -wii’e, or of the upper edge of a plane, erected perpendicularly on that surface, may show the true time of the day. Dial-plate, di'~al-plate, s. The plate of a (Ual, and also 01 a clock or watch, on which the lines are drawn, to show the hour or time of the day. Dialect, di'-d-lekt, s. The form or idiom of a language peculiar to a province, or to a kingdom or state: manner of speaking or expression; language, speech, or phraseology. = » > > Dialectic, di-Mek'~tik, \ a. Pertaining to a dialect l)iA LECTicAL, di-d-lek'-te~kal, j or dialects ; not rascal; pertaining to logic; logical; argumental. Dialectically, ai-d-lek'-te-kal-le, ad. In the manner of a dialect. Dialectician, di^d-lek-tish'-an, s. A logician; a rea- soner. Dialectics, di-A-lek'-tiks, s. That branch of logic TThich teaches the rules and modes of reasoning. Dialbctor, s. One learned in dialects. Dialing di'-al-vig, s. The science which unfolds the principles of measuring time by dials; or the art of constructing dials. s. A constructor of dials, one skilled in dialing. Diallaqe, di'-al-laje, s. A rhetorical figure by which arguments are placed in various points of view, and then turned to one point, a dark green or bronze- coloured laminate mineral, considered a variety of hornblende or augito. DiALLAGic, di-al-lc^'-ik, a. Pertaining to or formed of diallage. Diallogite, di-aVdo-jite, s. A mineral of a rose-red colour. Dialooism, s. A feigned speech between two or more. 'DiA.hOQiBT,di-aV-o-jist,% A speaker in a dialogue; a writer of dialogues. Dialogistic, di-al-o-jii/’-tik, 1 a. Having the form OIALOOISTICAL, di-aUo~jis^-te-kal, ] of a dialogue. Dialoqistically, di-aUo-ji^-te-kal-le, ad. In the man¬ ner of a dialogue. * Dialooize, di-al’^o-jize, v.a lo discourse in diair^oa. Dialogue, di -d~log, s. A conversation between twe persons; a literary composition in which two or more persons carry on a discourse. —$ v.n. To discourse together; to confer. Dialuric, di-d-lu'-rik, a. Appertaining to the urine.— DtaJ.uric acid is a newly discovered acid, produced in combination with ammonia by the decomposition 01 alloxatine. Dialysis, dt-al'-e-sts, s. A mark in writing or printing consisting of two points placed over one of two vowels, to dissolve a diphthong, or to show that the two vowels are to be separated in pronunciatitai.—In pathologv, debility or a solution of continuity. 'DiA.hYTic,dt-d-lit'~tk,‘d. Uubi’acingthetibres; relaxing. Diamagnetic, di-d~mag~nef-ik, s. or a. A term applied by Faraday to a class of substances which, under the influence of magnetism, take a position, when freely suspended, at right angles to the magnetic meridian. Dxamantine,^ di-d-man'-teen, for adamantine. Diameter, di-am'-e-ter, s. A line passing through the centre of a circle or other curvilinear figure, and dividing the figure into two equal parts; a right line passmg through the centre of a piece of timber, a rock, or other object, from one side to the other. Diametral, di~ain*-e-tral, ) a. Describing orobserV'- Diametrical, di-d-met'-re-kal, ) iug the direction of a diameter; direct. Diametrically, di-d-uiet^^ve-kalde, ad. Xn a diametrical direction; directly. Diamond, di'-d-mund, s. Tlie hardest, most brilliant, and most valuable of all the precious stones. It consists of pure carbon, the primitive crystal of wMcU u the regular octahedron. When very transparent, diamonds are said to be of the first water, and of the ^cond or third water as the transparency decreases. Diamonds are either colourless, or of a yellowish bluish, clove-brown, or rose-red tinge.—In printinq, the name of the smallest type in general use.—-in geometry it is the name of a quadrangular or rhom- hoidal figiure.— Diamond-beetle is the popular name of the a beautiful Coleopterous insect, belonging to the family Curculionidce, Diamond-shaped, di'-d^mund-shaypt, a. Having the figure of an oblique angled paralielogram or rhombus. Diana, di-an'-d, s. In myth., the goddess of hunting. Dianorii, di'^an-dre-d, s. In botany, a Class of plants of the Linniean system, having two stamens. Diandrian, dt-cr/t'-drtf-an,) „ tt • .. Diandrous, di-an'-drus, j stamens Diapason, di-d-pa'-sun, s. In music, the octave or iniervaJ which includes all the tones.—Among musical instrume}it makers, a rule or scale by which they adjust the pipes of organs, the holes of flutes, &c., in due proportion, for expressing the several tones and semi-tones. D.'apente, di-d-pen'-ie, s In music, an ancient term denoting a fifth; an interval making the second of the concords. Dlaper, per, s. A kind of linen cloth wove in flowers or figures; much used for towels or napkins. — v.a. To variegate or diversify, to flower. — v.n. To draw flowers or figiu-es, as upon cloth. Diapeiud^, dt-d-pe}''-e-de, s. A tribe of Coleopterous insects, of which the genus Diaperis is t\ie type. Diaphane, di'-d-fane, s. The name of a silk stuff woven with transparent and coloured figures. Diaphaned, di'-d-faynd, a. Transparent. Diaphaneity, di'-d-fia-ne'-e-te, s. The property of trans¬ mitting light; transparency; pellucidness. Diaphanic, iit'-fi'/rm'-tA:, la. Having power to trans- DiAPHANous,rft-rr/'-an-ws, ) mit rays of light; pellucid; fransparent. Diaphonia, di-d-fo'-tie-d., s. The name applied by Guido and others to the precepts that formerly taught the use of the organ. Diaphonics, The doctrine of refracted sound. Diaphoresis, di-d-fo-re'-sis, 8. Augmented perspiration or elimination of the humours of the body through the pores of the skin. Diaphoretic, di-d-fo-ret'-ik, a. Having the power to increase perspiration; sudorific. — 8. A medicine which promotes perspiration; a 8Udo- rific. DiAPiiKAQM,di'-(5-/rrtHi, s. The midriff,or large circulai muscle separating the chest or thorax from the abdo¬ men or lower belly, and forming a moveable pnrtitloa DIAPHRAGMATIO [ 273 ] DICTATORY t^tweea these two cavitleej its most tn^rtant office | being connected with the function of respiration. The word is also applied to any partition or dividing substance, commonly with an opening through it. 1/iAPHRAGMA.Tic di^A-frag-piaf-iKt a. Per tai n in g to the diaphragm. Diaphbaqmatitis, di-&-frag-m&-ti'-tiSi 8 . In pathology, inflammation of the diaphragm, or of its peritoneal DiAPHYSia, di-af-fe-sis, s. In anatomy, a term apphed to the central or solid part of the long or cylindrical hones. DuPKED,f dV-d-pred, pp. or a. Diversified, or vaiie- gated; diaperd. DiiniAN, di~a*-rt-an, a. Pertaining to a diary; daily. Diarist, di'-d-rist, s. One who keeps a diary. Diarbhiea, di-ar-rhe'-&, s. A morbidly frequent evacua¬ tion of the intestines: a lax. Diajishetic, dt-«r-rAer-t»A, a. Producing diarrhoea or ifis:. Diarthrosis, s. (Gr.) In anatomy moveable connecticn of bones. Diary, di'-d-re, 8. A note-book or Journal, in which the occuiTences of each day are wiatten; a register of daily occurrences or observations. Diaschisma, di~as-kisf-m&, s. In mus^, an interval consisting of a minor semi-tone or diesis. Diaspore, ai'-as-pore, s. A mineral, occurring in lamel¬ lar concretions, of a greyish, greenish, or brownish colour^ which decrepitates with violence before the hlowpipe- Diastaltic, di-as-taV-tik, a. Dilated; noble; bold; an epithet given by the Greeks to certain intervals in music. Diastase, dV-as-tase, o. A peculiar substance generated during the germination of grain from the brewery, tending to accelerate the formation of sugar, during the fermentation of worts. Diastasis, di-as'-ta-sis, s. A forcible separation of bones without fracture. Diastimeter, di~as~tim'-e-ter, s. A philosophical in¬ strument for measuring distances. Diastole, di-a^-to-le, s. In physiology, a dilatation of the heart, auidcles, and arteries; opposed to systole, or contraction.—In grammar, the extension of a syllable; or a figure by which a syllable naturally snort is made long. Diastyle, di'-d-stue, s An edifice in which three diameters of the columns are allowed for interco- luinniations. Diatessaron, di-it-te^-sd-ron, s. In music, a concord or harmonic interval, composed of a greater tone, a lesser tone, and one great semi-tone.—In Biblical literature, a harmony of the four gospels. Diathermal, di-d~ther-mal, \ a. Possessing free Diathermatous, di-d-ther'-md-tus, j permeability to heaL Diathesis, di-nth'-e-sis, 8 . (Gr.l Particular disposition or habit of bo^, gootl or bad. Diatomaceje, di-d-to~ma'-se~e, s. An order of very minute Algie, consisting of minute fragmentary bodies, which seem to form the extreme limits of the vegetable and aniin^ kingdoms. Diatomous, di-aV‘ 0 ~mus, a. In mineralogy, having crystals in one distinct diagonal cleavage. Diatonic, di d-tmi'-ik, a. In music, a term applied to the natural scale, which, proceeding by degrees, in¬ cludes both tones and semi-tones. Diatonically, di-d-ton*‘ik-al-le, ad. In a diatonic manner. Diatribe, di'-dntribe, s. A continued disco irse or dis¬ putation. Diatribist, di-af-re-htst, 6. One who prowngs his dis¬ course or discussion. Dan,$ di>», v.n. To dip. Dibber, dib'-ber, s. An agricultural implement, with teett or dibbles for making holes in the ground. Dibble, dtft'iZ, 8. A pointed instrument, used in gar¬ dening and agricultui'e, to make holes for planting seeds, &c. — v.a. To plant with a dibble, or to make holes for planting seeds, &c. — v.n. To dibble or dip; a term in angling. Dibbler, dib'-bler, s. One who makes holes to plant seed. Dibothrians, dib-oth'-re-ajis, s. In zoology, a division of the Entozoa, including the Tape-worms, of the family Bothriocephala. BiSAAVcniATA, di~brem'ke~a^-td,%. An order Of escdis* lopods, divided into two classes, the decapods ana the ocTOpods, in which the two branchiae are situated on each side of the body. Dib-stone, dib'-stone, s. A little stone whith children throw at another stone. Dicacitt,+ de-kas*-e-te, s. Talkativeness; pertness. Dice, dise, s.pl. of Die ; also a game with dice. — v.n. To play with dice. Dice-box, aise-boks, s. A box from which dice are thrown in gaming. Dice-coal, dtse'-kolt, s. A local name for cubical coal. Dice-maker, dis^-ma-ker, s. A maker of dic.e. Dicephalous, di’cef'-d'lus, a. Having two heads on one body. Dicer, di’-ser, s. A player at dice. Dich.J a word corrupted from do if. Dichastasis. de-kas'-td-sis, s. Spontaneous subdivision. Dichastic, ae-kas'-tik, a. Capable of subdividing spon¬ taneously. Dichord, di'-kawrd, s. The name anciently given to the two-s^inged lyre. Dichotomize, de-kot-o-mize, v.a. To cut into two parts, to divide into paim. Dichotomous, de-kot'-o-7yius, a. In botatiy, regularly dividing by pairs from top to bqttouL Dichotomy ,t de~kot'~o^tne, s. Division or distribution of things by pan’s. Dichroism, diK-ro-'izyn, s. The property observed in some crystals of presenting distinct coloui's when viewed in different directiofis. Dichromatic, dik-t'o-mat'^ik, a. Having or producing two coloui’s. Dicing, dise'-iiig, 8. The practice of playing at dice. DiciNG-HOusE.t dise^-ing-nou)s,9,. A gaming-house. Dickens, dik^kens, 8 . A vulgar exclamation in old writers for devil. Dicker, dik'-ker, s. A commercial term for ten of cer¬ tain articles, and for the long hundred of others, as ten skins make a dicker of hides; ten bars a dicker of iron; and so on. Dickey, dik'-ke, s. A seat behind a carriage for ser¬ vants, &c.; a sham bosom of a shirt. Diclinate, a. An epithet applied to crys¬ tals in which two of the axes are obliquely inclined. Diclinous, dik'-le-ytus, a. Having a twofold inclina¬ tion, a term botanically applied to a plant which has its sexes in distinct flowers. Dicoccous, di-kok'-ktis, a. Two grained; consisting of two cohering grains or cells, with one seed in each. Dicotyledon, di~ko-til-e'-don, s. A plant whose leaves divide into two lobes or seminal leaves in germinat- ing- Dicotyledonous, di-ko-til-e'-don-it'S, a. Having two lobes. Dicotyles, di-koi'-e-les, s. A genus of hogs, the Pec¬ caries. Dicroite, dik'-royt, 8 . A mineral of a shining lustre and bluish colour, which occurs in granite and gneiss. Dicromatic, di‘kro-maf‘ik, a. Having or producing two colours. Dicrotic, di-krot'-ik, a. In pathology, applied to a palse, which, when felt, conveys the sensation of a double pulsation, called Bicrotos. Dictate, dik'-taie, v.a. To tell with antliority; to de¬ liver, as an order, command, or direction ; to order or instruct what is to be said or written; to direct by impulse of the mind; to suggest, prescribe, or ad¬ monish. — s. A rule or maxim, delivered with authority; com¬ mand, injunction, or admonition. Dictated, dik-ta'-ted, pp. Delivered mth anthority. Dictation, s. The act of dictating, or of prescribing. Dictator, dik-ta’~tur, s. One who dictates or prescribes rules and maxims for the direction of others; one invested with absolute authority.—In ancient Rome, a magistrate, created in times of exigence and dan¬ ger, and invested with unlimited power. Dictatorial, dik-fd-W re-al, a. Kelating to a dictator, absolute, uncontroUa )le, authoritative, imperious, or overbearing. Dictatoriallt, ad* lu a dictatorial manner. Dictatorship, dik-ta'-tur-ship, ” The office of a die tator; the term of a dictator’s office; authority oi imperiousness. Dictatory, dik'-td~Uir-e, a. Overbearing ; dogmatiCHl. DIOTATRIX [ 274 ] DrETICILENESS female who dictates or I Drasia, a. (Or.) The mark of refereface (±; _ commands. miiaH bIba « Dictatttre. dtk^-td-turet s. The office of a dictator; dictatorship; absolute authority; the power that dictates. Diction, dik'-shim, s. Expression of Ideas by words; manner of expression, language, style, or phrase¬ ology. D1CT10KA.RT, difc'-fiAun-rari'KLiNE^ dij'-e-ta-line, j tained from the fox-glove, fSt digitalts purpurea. l>;ciiALis, dij-e-ta'-lis, s. The plant called fox-glove. Digiiaria, dij-e-ta'-re-a, s. A genus of grasses; finger grass. Digitate, dy'-e-tatCf la. In botany, a digitate leaf Di^ iTATBo, dig'-e-ta-ted, / is one which branches into several distinct leaflets like fingere. Digitate, t did'-e-tate, v.a. To point out as with a finger. Di«itately, dij’~e-tate~le, ad. In a digitate manner. Dig.tation, dij-e~ta’-shun, s. A division into finger- like processes. Digitigrade, dy'-e-te-grade, 8. An animal that walks O’* steps on his toes. — a. Walking on the toes. Digitigrades, d^'-e-te-grades, 8. The name given by zoologists to those quadrupeds which, while walking, move only on the extremity of the toes, as in the genera Carus, Pelis, &c. Digladiatb,+ de-gla'-dc'ate, v.n. To fence; to quarre*. Digladiation, de~gla-de-a'~shun, s. A combat with swords; a quaiTCl. 5?:GLypH, di'-glif, s. In architecture, a projecting face, wldch has two panels or channels sunk in, while the triglyph has three. DiQNiFiCATioN, dig-ne-Je-lia'-shun, s. The act of digni¬ fying ; exaltation; promotion. Dignified, dig'-ne~fiae, pp. Invested with dignity. — a. Marked with mgnity; exalted, elevated, or noble. Dignify, dig'-ne-Ji, v.a. To invest with honour or dignity; to exalt in rank or office; to honour; to dis¬ tinguish by some excellence, or that which gives celebrity. Dignitary, dig'-ne-td-re, s. An ecclesiastic who holds a dignity, or a benefice which gives him some pre¬ eminence over mere priests and canons, as a bishop, dean, archdeacon, or prebendary. Dignity, dig'^ne-te, s. xrue honour; nobleness or eleva¬ tion of mind, consisting in a high sense of propriety, truth, and justice; elevation; degree of excellence, either in estimation or in the order of nature; gran¬ deur of mien; elevation of deportment: an elevated office, civil or ecclesiastical, giving a high rank in society; advancement; preferment, or the rank at¬ tached to it; the rank or title of a nobleman.—In oratory, one of the three parts of elocution, consisting in the right use of tropes and figures.—In astrology, an advantage which a planet has on account of its being in some particular place of the zodiac, or in a particular station in respect to other planets. Dignotion dig-no'-shun, s. Distinguishing mark dis¬ tinction. Digonous, di^-o-nus, a. In botany, having two angles, as a stem. Digraph, di'^graf, s. A union of two vowels, of which one only is pronounced, as in head, breath, &c. Digress, de-gres!, v.n. To depart from the main sub¬ ject, design, or tenor of a discourse, argument, or narration j to deviate, wander, or amplify.— to turn aside out of the road, or go out of the common track. Digression. ae-frrcs'-sAtm, 8. The act of digressing; a departure from the main subject under consideration; an excui*sion of speech or writing; t deviation from a regular course. Digressional, de-gres'-shun‘al, ) a. Departing from the Digressive, j main subject; par¬ taking of the nature of digression. Digressively, de-gres^~8iv~le, ad. By way of digression. Diqtnia, di‘jin'-e-A, s. In botany, an order of plants having two styles, according to the linncean classifi¬ cation. Digynian, di-jin'-e-an, 1 a. In botany, having two Digtnous, di)'-in-u8, j styles. Dihedral, di-h^’dral, a. Having two sides, as a figure. Dihedron, di-he*’drm, s. A figure with two sides or surfaces. DuiESAHEnaAL, di-hchs-a-he’-dral, ai La crystallo¬ graphy, having the lonn of a hexahedral prism with trihedral summits. Dijudicate, di-jut~de~kaie, f.a. To judge or deter* mine. Dijudication, di-ju-de-ka'-shun, s. A judging between; judicial distinction. Dire, dike, s. A ditch; an excavation made in the earth by digging, of greater length than breadth, in¬ tended as a reservoir of water, a drain, or for other purpose; a mound of eartb, of stones, or of other ma¬ terials, intended to prevent low lands from being inundated by the sea or a river • a vein of basalt, greenstone, or other stony substance, or an intrusion of melted matter into rents or fissures of stratified rocks. Sometimes spelt Dyre. — v.a. To surround or protect with a dike, to secure by a bank. —% v.n. To dig. Diking, s. The act of ditching, or protecting by a dike. Dilacerate, de-la^-er-ate, v.a. To tear; to rend asun¬ der ; to separate by force. See Lacerate. Dilaceration, de-las-er-a'-shun, s. The act of rending asunder; a tearing or rending DiLANiATEjf de-la'-ne-ate, v.a. To tear; to rend in pieces; to mangle. DiLANiATioNjt de-la-ne-a'-shun, s. A tearing in pieces. Dilapidate, de-lap'-e-date, v.n. To go to ruin; to fall by decay. — v.a. To pull down; to waste or destroy; to suffer to go to ruin; to waste; to squander. Dilapidated, de-lap'-e-da-tett, pp. or a. "Wasted, ruined; suffered to go to ruin. Dilapidation, de-lap-e-da'-shun, s. Ecclesiastical waste, a voluntary wasting or suffei ing to go to decay any building in possession of an incumbent; destruction; demolition; decay; ruin. Dilapidator, de-lap -e-da-tur, s. One who causes di¬ lapidation. DiLATABiLiTY, de-la-td-bU'-e-te, s. The quality of ad¬ mitting expansion by the elastic force of tlie body itself, or of another elastic substance acting upon it. Dilatable, a. Capable of expansion; pos¬ sessing elasticity; elastic. Diiatation, dil-d-ta'-shun, s. The expanding of a body into greater bulk by its o^yn elasuc power; expan¬ sion ; a spreading or extending in all directions; the state of being expanded. Dilate, de-late', v.a. To expand or spread out; to enlai’ge or extend in all directions; to relate at large; to tell copiously or diffusely. — v.n. To widen; to expand; to swell or extend in all directions; to speak largely and coniously; to dwell on in narration. — a. Expanded; expansive. lyiLATSD, de-la'-ted, pp. ora. Expanded, distended, or enlarged. Dilater. de-la'-ter, s. One who enlarges; that which expands. Dilation, de-la'-shun, s. Delay. Dilator, de-la'-tur, a. That which widens or expands; a muscle that dilates. Dilatorily, dil'-d-tur-e-le, ad. With delay; tardily. Dilatoriness, diV-d-tur-e-nes, s. The quality of being dilatory or late; lateness; slowness in motion; delay in proceeding; tardiness. Dilatory, a. Slow; late; tardy; given to procrastination; not proceeding with diligence; making or tending to delay. Dilection ,t de-lekt-shun, s. The act of loving; kind¬ ness. Dilemma, di-lem'-tnd, s. A difficult or doubtfifi choice, a state of things in which evils or obstacles present themselves on every side, and it is difficult to deter mine what course tOjpursue. Dilettante, dil-et-tan^ta, s., pi. Dilettanti. (It.) An admirer or lover of the fine arts. Dilettantism, dil-et-tan'-tiz7n, s. Admiration of the fine arts. Diligence, diV-e-jens, s. Attention to business; in¬ dustry, assiduity, or watchfulness; steady application in business of any kind; exertion of body or mind; the name of a kind of stage-coach formerly used in France. Diligent, dil'-e-jent, a. Assiduous; industrious, or attentive to business; constant in effort or exertion to accomplish what is undertalr^n; not idle or negli¬ gent. DILIGEOTLt [ 277 ] DIN Biliqentlt, diV-e4mt-Uy ad. 'With steady appUcation and care; 'witli fndustry or assiduity. Dill, dily s. A plant resembling fennel, but smaller. Dilligrout, s. An old feudal term fo^ ^ tenure in Sergeanty, by which lands were held of the king by the service of finding or pottage, at the ting’s coronation. , ^ ^ Dillinia-ce^, dil-lin~e~n'-se-6y 8 . A natural order oi plants, consisting of evergreen trees, shrubs, or climbing plants, of which the Indian tree DilUnia (so called from Professor DHlinius), is the type. Dill-oil, diV-oyl, s. A yellow oil obtained from the seeds of the Anethum graveolensy which are carmina¬ tive and stimulant. Dillv, diV-ley s. A kind of diligence or stage-coach. (Provincial.) Dillv-da-llt. diV‘le'daV-ley T.n. To delay, tnfie, or loiter. {Colloquial.) Dilucid,$ de-lxi-sid, a. Clear. Dilucidate^: de-lf/'se-date, v.a. To make clear. See Elucidate. ^ • Dilucidation, dedu-se’da^-shxmy s. The act of makmg clear. Dilucidlv, de-lu'-sid-lCy ad. Evidently; clearly. Diluent, dil'-u-ent, a. Uquefying, or making fluid or thinner; weakening the strength of, hy miscture with •<. s That which liquefies, thins, or attenuates; that which weakens the strength of, as water, which, mlxecl with wine or spirit, reduces the strength of it.— In medicine, Diluents consist chiefly of water, whey, or hnttermilk, with additions to giye them a slightly demulcent character. Dilute, de-lute', y.a. To weaken, as spirit or an acid, hy an admixture of water, which renders the spirit or acid less concentrated; to make weak or weaker, as colour, hy mixture; to weaken; to reduce the stren^h or standard of. — y n. To he diluted or attenuated. — a. Thin; attenuated; reduced in strength, as spirit or colour. , . , , Diluted, de-lu'-ted, pp. or a. Made liquid; rendered more fluid; weakened. Dilutedly, de-lu'-ted-le, ad. In, a diluted form. Diluter, de-hi'-ter, s. That which makes thin, or more liquid. Dilution, de-lu'-shxin. 8. The act of makmg thin, weak, or more liquid. Diluvial, de lu'-ve-aly \ a. Pertaining to a flood or Diiuvian, de-hd-ve-an, | deluge, more especially to the deluge in Noah’s days; effected or produced by a deluge. , . . Diluvialist, de-l\(,'-ve-al~i$tj 8. One who explains geo¬ logical phenomena by the deluge. Diluviate,-!- de-lu'-ve-atCy v.n. To run as a flood. Diluvium, de-hd-ve-umy s. (Lat.) In geologyy a deposit of superficial loam, sand, gravel, &c., caused by the deluge, or ancient currents of water. Dim, (limy a. Not seeing clearly; having the vision obscured and indistinct; not clearly seen; imperfectly seen or discovered; somewhat dark; not luminous; dull of apprehension; having obscure conceptions; having_its lustre ODScured. — v.a. To cloud; to impair the powers of vision; to obscure; to render dull the powers of conception; to make less bright; to tarnish or sully. DiMBLEd dim'bJ, s. A bower; a cell or retreat Dime, rfi/nc, s. (Fr.) A silver coin of the United States, of the value of ten cents; the tenth of a dollar. There are also half-dimes. Dimension, de-men'-shxin. s. The extent of a body, or length, breadth, and thickness, or depth.—Dimension of an equation, in algebra^ is a term used to denote the highest power of the unknown quantity in an equa¬ tion ; the same as degree. Dimensionless, de-men'-shun-les, a. Without any defi¬ nite measure or extent; boundless. Dimensity, s. Extent; capacity. Dimensive, de-men'-sivy a. That marks the boundaries or outlines. Dimerosomata, di-me-ro-so'-mdr-th, s. In zoologyy an order of the Arachnideans, or Spiders, the bodies of which are divided into two principal segments. Dimeter, dim'-e-tery a. Having two poetical measures. — 8. A verse of two measures. Dimetric, di-meV-rihy a. In mineralogy, a term ap¬ plied to crystals whose vertical axis is unequal to the lateral, as the square prism and square oct^edron. Dim-eybd, dim’-ide, a. Having indistinct vision. Dimication^: dim-e-ka'-ahun, s. A battle or fight; con¬ test. Dimidiate, de^mid'-e-ate, v.a. To divide into two equa. parts. Dimidiated, de-mid'-e-ate-ed, pp or a. Divided into two equal parts; halved. Dimidiation, de-mid-e-a'-shun, s. The act of halving, division into two equal parts. Diminish, de-min'-ish, v.a. To make less or smaller by any means; to lessen, decrease, or abate.—In music, to take from a note by a sharp, flat, or natural.—J To diminish from, to take away something. — v.n. To become less or smaller; to lessen or decrease. Diminishable, de-min'-iah-A-bl, a. Capable of being diminished. Diminished, de-min'-isht, pp. or a. Lessened; made smaller; reduced in size.—In music, an interval ifi said to be diminished, when by the application of a sharp or natural to the lower tone, or oi a fiat or natural to the upper tone, it becomes contracted within its natural space or compass. Diminisher, de-min'-ish-er, s. That which, or one who, diminishes. Diminishinolt, de-min'-ish-ing-le, ad. In a manner to lessen reputation. Diminuendo, or Dim., dim-en-u-en'-do. (Ital.) In music, a mark to lessen the volume of sound from loud to soft, noted thus >, DiMiNUENTjt de-mh^-u-enty a. Lessening. I)iMiNUTa,+ dim'-e-nute, a. Small. Diminutel^,+ dim'-e-nute-le, ad. In a manner which lessens. Diminution, dim-e-nxi'-shun, s. The act of lessening, or making smaller; the state of becoming or appear¬ ing less; discredit; loss of dignity; degradation; dep¬ rivation of dignity; a lessening of estimation.—in architecture, the contraction of the upper part of a column, by which its diameter is made less than that of the lower part.—In music, the division pf a long note into shorter ones, as a semi-breve into two minims. Diminutive, de-mM-u-tiv, a. Small; Uttlc; narrow contracted. — s. In grammar, a word formed from another word to express a little thing of the kind. Diminutively, de-min'-u-txv-le, ad. In a diminutive manner; in a manner to lessen. Diminutiveness, s. Smallness; littie- ness; want of bulk; want of dignity. Dimish, dim'-ishf a. See Dimmish. Dimission, de-m%sf-shun, s. Leave to depaii;. Dimissory, dtm'-fs-«ur-e, a. Sending away; dismissing from the diocese of one bishop into that of another; granting leave to depart. DiMrT,^r ae-mit', v.a. To permit to go; to grant; to farm to let. Dimity, dim e-te, 8. A kind of white cotton cloth, ribbed or figured. Dimly, dim'-le,9,d- In a dim or obscure manner; with imperfect Bight; not brightly or clearly. Dimmed, dimm'a. pp. Clouded or obscured; rendered duU. Dimming, dem'-mtnp, s. Obscurity. Dimmish, dim'-ish, a. Somewhat dim ot obscure. Dimness, dim'-nes, s. Dulness of sight; obscurity o( vision; want of brightness or of clear apprehension, stupidity. Dimorphism, di-mawr^-fyzm, s. The property of crys¬ tallizing in two distinct forms, not derivable from one another; thus sulphur assumes one form when crystallizing at a high temperature, and another wholly diffluent when becoming solid at the ordinary temperature. Dimorphous, a. Having the property of dimorphism. Dimple, dimp'l, 8. A small natural cavity or depression in the cheek, or other part of the face. — v.n. To foim dimples; to sink into depressions, or little inequalities. Dimpled, dimp'W, la. Set with dimples; full of dhn- Dimply, dim'-ple, ) pies, or small depressions. Dim-shining, aim'-shi-ning, a. Giving a dim light. Dim-sighted, dim'-si-ted, a. Having dim or obscure vision. , Dim-twinklino, dim'-txcink-Ung, a. Twinkling dimly. Din, din, s. A loud sound; a rattling, clattering, or riunbling sound, long continued DIN [ 278 ] DIPLOMATICALLY Din, v.a To strike tvith coutinued or confused sound; to etun ^th noise ; to harass with clamour. Dinarchy, di'i'-ar-ke^ s. A form of government in which the supreme power is vested inlwo persons. Dins, dtne, v.n. To eat the chief meal of the day. y.a. To give a dinner to; to furnish with the nrin- cipal , to feed. Dined, dine'd. pp. Having eaten aiiinner. DiNETicAL.t de-iief-e kal, a. Whirling round. DiNo,t ding, v.a. To thmst or dash with violence; to ring. to enforce or urge. •- V n To bluster; to bounce.— Ding-dong is a term useo c express the sound of bells, Dinoe\, j (s. The name of a small possage- Dinohy,( V ,y boat, which in the East is used for the poorer classes. ™bG^ALL, di’-tung-hauil, s. A hall for a company to Dining-room, di’-ning-room, s. A room far a family or lor company to dine in; a room for entertainments. UiNLNG-TABLE, dt -ning-ta’bl, s. A table used for the purpose of dining. Dinned, t dinn’d, pp. of the verb to din. Dinner, din'-ner,s The meal taken about the middle principal meal of the day, eaten feaM evemng; an entertainment; a Dinnerless, din'-ner-lee, a. Having no dinner. ^iictIs taken*’ ^ table at which din- Dinner-time, din'-n^-time, s. The usual time of dining. t--riy“g-’ piNOTHERiuM, di-no-tke'-re-xim, s. A gigantic herhi- Yorous, aquatic animal, now Extinct, ™ inothE' Dint, dtnf, a. A blow; a stroke; force: violence; nower exerted; the mark made by a blow; a cavity or im¬ pression made by a blow; often pronounced dent ^ mark or cavity on a substance by a blow or by pressure. ISee Indent. ^ ^beSI'ldngly! s. The act of num- ^ bishop; one in noss’^ssion over iiaving the ecclesiastical jiSrisdiction “ a. Relating to an ecclesiastical diocese. Diocese d_i-o-sese,a. The circuit or extent of a bishop’s jurisdiction; an ecclesiastical division of a king&m or state, subject to tne authOTliv of a bishop.—In England the province of Canterbury hes*de?thTls"e';fXu.““''"’ Dioctahedral, di-ok-td-he'-draJ n Tn _ i dS'sumSStf'™ octahedrai prism with tetrahl-’ tSiar Dkecia, di-e'-she-d^ s. A class of plants tthe twenty second m the Diunacan system] having tte sfaLSs on one plant and the pistils on tlie othcR “lamens Dkeclan, dt-e'-she-an, ) a. In botany, belonging to the Dkecious dt-c'-s/«-us, / class Dioicia. Brufc to the Ve^’’8 Hy-tep.*' ^ P'“ts, called Droi-siDB,rfi-o^-«irf,8. In mineralogy.Ot. foliated vartpfv “ blear greyii g^ef Dioptase, di-ojf^tase. s. A rare ore of copper occurring m emerald green crystals, and consisting of slU™Sf copper with twelve per cent, of water. “tuca ana optics whidh rteats of the refractions of light passing through dif¬ ferent media, as through air, water, or glass. Diorama, s. An exhibition of paintings so arranged as to receive shades of light and various lines by means of a*oveable blinds; some parts of a painting are ti’ansparenl. a#id through th{*s(‘ places i^reased light is at times admitted with surprising em ct. A building used for the purposes above de¬ scribed. Dior \mic, di-o-rani'-tk, a. l^ertaining to a diorama. Diorism ,4 ot'*o-Hsm, s. Definition. DioRisTiCj-t a. Distingtiishing; defining. Diorite, di'-o-rite, s. A species of txap rock, or variety of greenstone. ^ Diorthosis, di-or-ttu/^-sis, s. Vn. surgery, tkie reduction of a fractiwed or dislocated limb. Dioxide, di-oksf-ide, s- In chemtstry, a compound of oxide and ox vgen. » k Dioxylite, dx-oi-e-lite, s. A salt of lead, consisting of the carbonate and sulphate of lead. Dip, dip, v.a. To plunge or immerse for a short time in water, or other liquid; to take with a ladle or • other vessel by immersing it in a fluid; to moisten; baptize by immeraion; ±to engage in any affair; to mortgage; to pledge. — v.n. To sink; to immerge m a liquid; to enter; to pierce; to engage in or take a concern; to enter shghtly; to look cursorily; to choose by chance; to thrust and take.—In geology, to incline downward. — s. Inclination downward; a sloping; a direction below a horizontal line; depression.—Tn vnagnetisvi, the dip of the needle is its inclination downward from a horizontal line.—In geology, dip is the down¬ ward inclination of strata. Dipetalous, a. Twopetalled; having two flower-leaves, or petals. DiPHiDffi, di’-fe-de, 1 s.pl. In natural history, a Diphyans. di'-fe-ans,) family of the Acalepha, in which two individuals are always conjoined, one being lodged in the concavity of another. Difhtheritis, dif-the-ri'-tis, s. The disease Angina pellicularis, or a variety of Pharyngitis, accompanied by the formation of a false membrane, whence the name of the disease. Diphthong, dip'-i 7 ion<;, 8. A coalition or union of two vowels pronounced in one syllable. Diphthongal^ dip-thong'-al, a. Belonging to a diph¬ thong; consisting of two vowel sounds pronounced in one syllable. Diphthongally, dip-thong'-al-le, ad. In a diphthongal manner. Diphtllops, dif'-il-us, a. In botany, having two leaves as a calyx, &c. Dipla, or Diplo, a prefix to numerous scientific words, derived from the Greek word diploos (double), as diplogenic (producing two substances), diplozoon (double-bodied), &c. Dipleidoscope, di})-lef-do-skope, s. An instmment for observing the transit of the sun over the meridian by day, or of the stars by night, so as to correct a time¬ keeper. Diploe, dip'-loe, s. The cellular osseous tissue between the two plates of the skull. Diploma, ae-plo'-md, s. A letter or vTlting conferring some power, authority, privilege, or honour. Diplomacy, de-plo'-md-se, s. The customs, rules, and privileges of ambassadors, envoys, and other repre¬ sentatives of princes and states at foreign couiis forms of negotiation ; a diplomatic body, the whole body of ministere at a foreign court; the agency or management of ministers at a foreign court; skill or dexterity in managing negotiations, &c. DiPLOM^yrE, de pW-mate, ya. To invest with a pri- vilege. — 8. One skilled in diplomacy, a diplomatist. Diplomated, dip’-lo-ma-ted, a. Made by diplomas. Diplomatic, a. Pertaining to diplomas privileged; furnished with a diploma; authorized by letters or credentials to transact business for a sove¬ reign at a foreign court; pertaining to or composed of ministers at a foreign court, or men authorized by diploma. ^ — s. A minister, official agent, or envov to a foreign court. Diplomatically, dip-lo-mat'-e-kal-le, ad. Acccriing to the rules of diplomacy. DIPLOMATICS [ 279 ] DIKUPTION Diplomatics* dip-lo-vnaf^ik$f s. The science of deci¬ phering ancient writings, as diiilomas, charters, <£C., and of ascertaining theii* authenticity, date, &c. Diplomatist, s> One skilled m diplo- Diploneurans, dip-lo-ne^-ranSy s. The name of the Tertebrated division of the animal kingdom, so called from the class haring two nervous systems, the gan¬ glionic, and the cerebro spinal. Diplopterans, dip-lop'-te-rans, s.pl. In zoology^ a divi¬ sion of stinging Hyraenopterous insects, consisting of those wasps which have the upper mngs folded and doubled up longitudinally when at rest. Diplostoma, dip-los'-to-mif 8. In zoology^ a genus of Rodents, the Sand-rats with very large cheek- pouches. , T > Dipneumonians, dtp-wete-m© s.pl. In swojOj^, a section of Arane%dAT^ON, dis-ag-gre-ga'-shuii, s. The act or I operation of separating an aggregate body Into its component paits. 1 Disagree, dis-A-greet, v.a. To diflfer; to dissent; not to be accordant or coincident; to be not exactly similar; to be of a different opinion; to be unsuitable to be in a state of opposition. Disagreeable, a. Contrary; unsuitable; not conformable; unpleasing; offensive to the mind or to the senses; +not congruous. Disagrebablenkss, dis-A-gre^-A-bl-nes, 8. Unsuitable¬ ness; contrariety; unpleasantness; offensiveness to the mind or to the senses. Disagreeably, dis-A-gre^-A-ble, ad. Unsuitably > an- pleasantly; offensively. Disagreed, dis-A-greed', pret. and pp. of the verb to dis¬ agree. Disagreement, dU-A-gree*-merit, s. Difference, either in form or essence; difference of opinion or senti¬ ments ; unsuitableness, dissimilitude, unlikeness, dis¬ crepancy; dissent, misunderstanding, dissension, di¬ vision, dispute, jar, wrangle, or discord. Disallied, dis-al-lide', pp. or a. Improperly allied separated alliance. DiSALLiEGEji ais-al-lefy', v.a. To alienate from alle¬ giance. Disallow, dis-al-lou/, v.a. To refuse permission, or not to permit; not to grant; not to make or suppose lawful; not to authorize; to testify dislike or disap¬ probation; to refuse assent; not to approve; not to receive: not to allow or admit as just; to disapprove, prohibit, or reject. — v.n. To refuse permission: not to grant. Disallowable, dis-al-low'-A-bl, a. Not allowable; not to be suffered. Disallowance, dis-al-lov/-anse, s. Refusal to admit or permit; disapprobation, prohibition, condemnation, or rejection. Disallowed, dis-nl-loivd' pp. Not granted or admitted. Disally, dis-al-lV, v.a. To form an improper alliance. Disanchob, dis-an'-kur, v.a. To force a vessel from its anchor. Disangelical,+ dis-an-jeV-e-kal, a. Not angelical. Disanimate, dis-an'-e-mate, v.a. To deprive of spirit or coui’age; to dishearten; to deject; X to deprive of life. Disanimated, dis-an'-e-ma-ted, pp.or a. Discouraged or dispirited. Disanimation, dis-an-e-ma’-shun, s. The act of discou¬ raging; depression of spirits: J privation of life. Disannex, dis-an-neks^, v.a. To disunite; to separate that which has been annexed. Disannul, dis-an-nuV, v.a. Toannnl; to make void; to deprive of authority or force. See Annul. Disannulment, dis-aii-nuV-ment, s. See Annulment. Disanoint, dis-a-noynf, v.a- To render consecration invalid. Disapfabbl, dis-ap-par'-el, v.a. To disrobe; to strip of raiment. Disappear, dis-ap-peer', T.a. To vanish from the sight; to recede from the view; to become invisible; to cease; to withdraw from observation. Disappearance, dis-ap-peer'-anse, s. Cessation of ap¬ pearance ; a removal from sight. Disappeared, dis-ap-peerd', pp. Removed from sight; vanished. Disappearing, dis-ap-peer'-ing, s. A vanishing or re¬ moval from sight. Disapplied, dis-ap-plid^, a. Misapplied. Disappoint, dis-ap-poynt', v.a. To defeat of expecta¬ tion, wish, hope, desire, or intention: to hinder from the possession or enjoyment of that which was in¬ tended or expected; to prevent an effect intended, to fail, frustrate, foil, or defeat. Disappointed, dis-ap-poynt'-ed, pp. or a. Defeated of expectation; X unprepared. Disappointment, ais-ap-poynf-ment, s. Defeat or failure of expectation, hope, wish,^ desire, or inten¬ tion ; failure of design or plan; miscarriage or frus¬ tration. Disappreciate, dis-ap-pr^-she-aie, v.a. To under¬ value; not to esteem. Disapprobation, dis-ap-pro-ba'-shun, s. A disapprov¬ ing ; dislike ; censure, or condemnaticu, Disapprobatory, dis-af-pro-bA-tur-e, a. Containing disapprobation; tending to disapprove. Disappropriate, dis-up-prlaM?d',v.a. To disperse, as clouds: to clear or free from ohs^rity. ^out dis-k^'-siJmny s. An emission; a throwing DISC 0 AST 4 : dis-koast'y v.n. To depart from; to quit the coast. Dibcoherbnt, dis-ko-hef-renty a. Incoherent. Discoid, diff-koydy | a. Having the form of a disk. U^coiDAL, dis-koy -daly j —In botanyy discoid oy d%ecous mwers are compound flowers, not radiated, but the florets ^ tabular, as the tansy, southernwood, &c.— In cenichology, univalve sheUs are said to be discoideU when their spires are vertically convoluted on the same plane. The fossil Echinodermata, which are found m the Chalk, Green-sand.or Oolitic formations, are thus called Discoidea, from their discoidal or disk¬ like form. DiscoLoua.dis-A^wl'-ur, v.a. To alter the natural hue or of; to stain; to tinge; to alter a colour par¬ tially ; to alter tiie complexion or change the appear¬ ance. Discoloration, dis-kiU-ur-(^~shun, s. The act of altering the colour; a staining; alteration of colour: alteration of complexion«r appearance. Discoloured, dis-kul'-urd, pp. of the verb to discolo^tr, — a. Having the colour ch^ged. Discolouring, dis-kul'-ur-ing, s. The act of altering colour for the worse. Discomfit, dis-kum'-Jlty v.a. To rout; to defeat: to scatter in fight; to cause to flee; to vanquish. — 8. Rout, dispersion, defeat, or overthrow Discomfited, dis-kum^-^-ed, pp. or a. Defeated or ovCTthrown. Diotomtiturb, di8‘kum'-yH-yurey s. Defeat in battle dispersion, or overthrow; frustration or disappoint¬ ment. Discomtort, 8. Uneasiness; disturbance of peace; grief or inquietude. — v.a. To disturb peace or happiness: to make uneasy • to pain; to grieve; to sadden; to deject. DiscoiiroRTABLB,t Ms-kwn'-/nrt-A-bl. a. Causmg un¬ easiness; unpleasant, giving pain; makiTig gad t uneasy; melancholy; refusing conffoit.— able is more generally used. Discomtortableness,^ dis-kttm'-furtdk-bl-nes, s. State of being uncomiortable. Discommwd, dis-kem-tnsndf, v.a. To blame; to cen¬ sure ; to mention with disapprobation. Discommendable, dis-kmm-mentf-h-hly a. Blameable* censurable; deserving disapprobation. * Discoumsndablxnxss, Ms-hom-mmd'-h-hl-net. e. Blame- ableneas; the quality of bemg worthy of diipproba- tlon. DBoaMHBNDATiojr, dU-hsm-mm-dd'-ihimy 8. Blame Of ceuBure. DISOOMMENDEB [ 283 ] EISCOURAGE Discoiikbudsb, dis-hom-matH-er, s. One who illscom mends. . DiscoMMODATEi dis-kom-mo-date, v.a. To incommode. Discommode, dis’-kmn-mode, v.a. To put to inconye nienee; to incommode, annoy, molest, or incon- Discommoded, dis-kom^mi/^dedf pp. Put to iuconYO- nience. Discommodiou8,+ dis-kom-ino'^dt-uSf Inconvenient or troublesome. Discommodiod6L'i,+ di8-kom-nio'-de-u8-l6f ad. In a dis- commodious manner. Discommodity ,+ dis^kom-mod'-t-ttf 8. Inconvenience, trouble, or disadvantage. Discommon, dis-k&m'-m&n, v.a. To appropriate common land; to separate and inclose common; to deprive of the privileges of a place. ^9coaiPLEXioN,$ dis-kom-plek^shuny v.a. To change the complexion or colour. 0I8COMPOSE, dis-kom-pozfff v.a. To disorder, derange, or unsettle; to throw into confusion; to disturb peace and quietness, as of the mind or temper; $ to displace; to discard. Discomposed, dia-kom^poze'd* yp'p. ora. Unsettled, dts ordered, or disturbed. DiscoMPosiTiON,:t dis-kom-po-zish'-uyiyS, Inconsistency, disagieement. Discomposubb, di 9 -kom-po'-zhv,Te, 8. Disorder; agita¬ tion ; ^turbance; perturbation. Disconcert, dis-kon-sert' , v.a. To discompose, derange, disturb, or frustrate; to break or interrupt any order, plan, or harmonious scheme; to unsettle the mind. Disconcert di 8 -ko 7 x'-sert ^ s. Disunion. Disconcerted, disf-kon-seTt-edy pp. of the verb to dts concert. Disconcertion, dis^kon^ser'shtiny 3. The act of discon¬ certing or discomposing. Disconducive, dia-Kon^du'-siVy a. Not conducive; ob¬ structive. Disconformitv, diB-kon-fawrm'-e-tCyS, "Want of agree¬ ment or conformity; inconsistency. DI8CONGRTJITV,^^^s-Aon-^reMJ'-e-^e, s. Want of congruity; incongruity, disagreement, or inconsistency. Disconnect, dis-kon-nekt'y v.a. To separate; to dis¬ unite ; to dissolve a pre-existing connection. Disconnected, dis-kon-nekf-tedy pp. or a. Separated, disunited. Disconnection, dis~kon~nek'-shu 7 iy s. The act of separat¬ ing, or state of being disunited; separation; want of union. Disconsent, dis-kon-sent'y v.n. To differ; to disagree; not to consent. D 1 SCONSOLA.NCE 4 : dis^kon'so-lanSy 1 s. State of dis- DiscoNSOLA-NCYrt dis-kou'^so-lan-sey] consolateness. Disconsolate, dis-kon'-so~latey a. Destitute of comfort or consolation; sorrowful; hopeless; sad; dejected; melancholy; not affording comfort; cheerless. Disconsolately., dis-kon'-so-late-ley ad. In a disconso¬ late manner, without comfort. D 18 CONSOLATENES 8 , dis-kon'-80-late-neSy 8. The state of being disconsolate or comfortless. Disconsolation, dis-kon-so-laf-shun, s. Want of com¬ fort. Discontent, dis-kon-tenfy s.^ Want of content; un¬ easiness or inquietude 01 mind ; dissatisfaction; t who is discontented; a malcontent. — a. Uneasy; dissatisfied. — v.a. To make uneasy at the present state; to dis- saiisty. Discontented, dis-kon-ten'-tedy pp. or a. Uneasy in mind; dissatisfied. DiacoNTBr^"'‘^DLT 3 dis-kon-ten'^ted-ley ad. In a discon¬ tented maiin^. Discontentedwbss, dis’kon-ten'^ted-nes, s. Uneasiness of mind; inqiiietude; dissatisfaction. Discontentful, dis-kon-tenf -ful , a. Full of discoateut. Discontenting, di$-hs-n-tent'-ingy a. Giving uneasiness. Discontentment, dia-kon-tent'-menty s. The state of being uneasy in mind, inquietude or discontent. Discontin CABLE, tin'-U‘d-bly a. That may be discontinued. DiscontinTANCE, dis-kon-tiW^u-anSy s. Want of ion- tinumice; interruption cf sontinuanoe; cessation, in¬ termission, disruption, disunion, or separation; want of continued connection or cohesion of parts; want of union—In law, a breaking off or interruption of pos- sessiotu Discontinuance of a suit is when a plaintiff leaves f; chasm in the oroceedinga in his cause, as by not continuing the process regularly from day to day. Discontinuation, dis-kon-tm-n-a'-ahun, s. Breach or inten-uption of continuity; disruption or separation of parts. Discontinue, dis-kon-tin'-Uy v.a. To leave off; to stop, or to put an end to; to break off or to interrupt; to cease to take or receive, as a newspaper. — v.n. To cease; to leave the possession, or lose an established or long-enjoyed right; t to lose the cohe¬ sion of parts; to suffer disruption or separation of substance. Discontinued, dia kon'tin''ewdy'pp. oi the verb to dtj.. contiruxe. Discontinubr, dis-kon-Un'~u-ery s. One who discon¬ tinues a rule or practice. Discontinuity, dis-koyi-te-neto'-e-tey 8. Disunion Of parts; want of cohesion. Discontinuous, dis-ko7i-tin'-u-u8y a. Broken off; in¬ terrupted ; separated; wide or gaping- Disconvbnience,+ dis-Kcn-ve'^ne-enSy i. incongiaiity disagreement. Disconvenient, diS‘ko7i-v^-7ie-enty a. Incongruous. Discord, dis'-kaw7'd, s. Disagreement among persons or things; variation, difference, or opposition; Nvant of order or harmony.-In tmcsicy oisagTeement of sounds; a union of sounds which is inhannonious, grating, anc disagreeable to the ear. Discord, dis kawra, v.n. To disagree; to jar; to clash, not to suit. Discordance, rfts-A:ati?r'-rftffns, ) 8. Disagreement; in- Discordancy, dis-kawr’-dan-sey | consistency. Discordant, dis-kawr'-danty a. In a state of opposition; being at variance; not coincident; not in unison; not harmonious; not accordant; disagreeing; incon¬ gruous ; contradictory or contraiious. Discordantly, ad. Dissonantly; in a discordant manner; inconsistently; in a manner to jar or clash; in disagreement with itself or with another. Discordful, dia-kawi'd'-fuly a. Quarrelsome; conten¬ tion. Discorporate,+ dia-kaxvv'-po-ratey a. Deprived of cor¬ porate rights. DiscouNSELjt dis-kown'-ael, v.a. To dissuade; to give contrary advice. Discount, di^-kownty s. A sum deducted for prompt payment; an allowance or deduction from a sum due. or from a credit, a certain rate per cent, deducted from the credit pnee of goods sold on account of prompt payment.—Among bayikcrs, the deduction of a sum for advanced payment; the sum deducted or refundcsd; the act of discounting.— Discoxint-hroker is one who cashes bills of exchange, or makes advances on securities. Discount, dis-kownify v.a. To deduct a certain sum or rate per cent, from the principal sum; to lend or ad¬ vance the amoimt of. deducting the interest or other rate per cent, from the principal, at the time of the advance. — v.n. To lend, or make a practice of lending money, deducting the interest at the time of the loan. Discount-day, dW-kownt-dayy s. The day of the week on which a bank discounts notes and bills. Discountable, dia-kowyxf-d-bl, a. That may be dis¬ counted. Discounted, dia-kowyit'-edy pp. of the verb to discount. Discountenance, dis-kow7i'-te~nan8y v.a. To abash ; to discompose the countenance; to discourage; to check ; to restrain by frowns, censure, arguments, op position, or cold treatment; +to abash, or put to shame, — 8. Cold treatment; unfavourable aspect; unfriendly- regard ; disapprobation; whatever tends to check or discoui’age. Discountenanced, dis-koicn'-te-nanaty pp. of the verb to discountenance. Discoontenancer, dis-kown'-te~nan-sery 8. One who discourses by cold freatment, frowns, censure, or expression of disapprobation; oae who checks or deprejsses by unfiiendly regards. Discounter, di^-kow7i-tery s. One who advances money on discounts. Discounting, s. The act orfiracticc of lending money on discounts. Discourage, dis-kur'-nf, v.a. To extinguish the cou¬ rage of; to deprive of confidence; to deter from anything; to attempt to repress or prevent; to dls- boorten, disuirit. or depress. DISOOUEAaED [ 284 ] DISCUEE Diboottsjloed, dii ’ kuf '- r^dj or a. Disheartened , depriTed of courage or confidence. Dxscottragement, ai 9 -‘ kur '- rq-menty 8. The act of dis- heartening) or depriving of courage; the act of deterring or dissuading from an undertaking; the act of depressing confluence; that which destroys or abates courage; that which depresses confidence o'^ hope; that which deters, or tends to deter, from an undertaking, or from the prosecution or canying out Of anything. DisconaAQER, di&-kur'-r^-er» 8 . One who discourages, disheartens, or depresses the courage; one who im¬ presses diffidence or fear of success, or who dissuades from an undertaking. Discoubaoino, dis - kur - rt^-ingj ppr. Disheartening. — a. Tending to dishearten, or to depress the courage. Discouraqingly, dis-kur'-rq-ing-ley ad. In a discou¬ raging manner. Discourse, dis-koarsd. s. The act of the understanding, by which it goes lorth into the field of thought; a communication of thoughts hy words; eflTusion of language ; speech; a written treatise; a formal dis¬ sertation ; a sermon, uttered or written. — v.n. To talk; to converse; to communicate thoughts or ideas, or treat upon anything in a formal manner; to reason; to pass from premises to consequences. —± v.a. To treat of; to talk over; to utter or give forth. Discourser, dis - kor^-uTy s. One who discourses; a speaker; the writer of a treatise. Discoursivb, dis-kore'siVy a. Reasoning; passing from premises to consequences: containing dialogue or conversation; interlocutory. Discourteous, dts-Attr'-te-us, a. Uncivil; rude; un* complaisant; wanting in good manners. Discourteously, dis - kur '^ te - us-ley ad. In a rude or un¬ civil manner; with incivility. Discourtesy, ats-Aur'-iffi-stf, s. Incivility, rudeness of behaviour or language; iU manners; act of dis¬ respect. ^ Dibcourtbousness, diS " liUf '- ie ~ ui - ne 8 t s. The quality of being discourteous. DiscouRTSHir.t dis-kurte^-shipj &• "Vlfant of respect. Discous, a. Broad; nat; Ttide. Discovenant, dxs-JWtVf^e-nant, v.a. To dissolve cove¬ nant with. , Discover, dis-kw'-er, v.a. To disclose, eihihit, show, reveal, manifest, or impart; to remove a covering; to lay open to the view; to make visiblej to make known; to have the first sight of; to obtain the first knowledge of. Discoverable, di8~ko\f~eY-drhlf a. That may be dis¬ covered ; that may be brought to light, or exposed to view; that may be seen; that may be found out or made known; apparent; visible; exposed to view. Discovered, dis-kov^-erdy pp. or a. Disclosed to view; laid open; revealed; found out, or detected. Discoverer, dts-AotZ-er-Sr, 8. One who discovers; one who first sees or espies; one who finds out, or first comes to the knowledge of something; a scout; an explorer. . Discoverturb, diB-koxf-er-turCy s. A state of being re¬ leased from coverture; freedom of a woman from the coverture of a husband. Discovert, dis-kov'-er-e. s. The action of disclosing to view, or bringing to light; disclosure; manifestation; a making known; the action of finding something hidden; the act of espying; first sight of; that which is discovered, found out, or revealed.—In dramatic poetryy the unravelling or manner of unfolding the plot or fable of a comedy or tragedy. Discredit, dis ~ kred'-ity s. Disesteem, disrepute, or dis¬ honour; want of credit or good reputation; some degree of disgrace or reproach; want of belief, trust, or confidence. — v.a. To disbelieve; to distrust; to give no credit to; not to credit or believe; to deprive of credit or good reputation; to maUi' less reputable or honourable; to bring into disesteem or into some degree of disrepute; to deprive of credibility. Discreditable Hs-kred^-it-d-bly a. Tending to injure credit; injuriox-s to re/'iitation; disreputable. Discreditarly, dtB - krec ^^ t -' d-bley ad. In a discreditable manner. Discredited, dis^kred*“it-edy pp. Disbelieved; brought into disrepute. Discreet, dis - kreef * Ihudent; wise m avoiding errors or evil, and in selecting the best means to ac¬ complish a purpose, circumspect; cautious, wary; notrash.' Discreetly, dia-kreet’-Uy ad. Prudently ; circum¬ spectly, or cautiously. Discreetness, dis-kreei^-nes, 8. The quality of being discreet; discretion. Discrepance, dia-krep'-ansy ) s* Diflference; disagree- Discrepancy, di«-&rej9'-aH-w, j ment; conteariety. Discrepant, dia-krep'-anty a. Different; disagreeing, contrary. Discrete, dis-krete^, a. Separate, distinct, or di^’oined not continuous.— Discrete proportion is when the ratio of two or more pairs of numbers or quantities is the same, but there is not the same proportion between all the numbers; as, 3 : 6 : : 8 : 16. —X v.a. To separate; to discontinue. Discretion, dt«-A:re*A'-Mn,s. Prudence; knowledge to f overnor direct one’s self; wise management; that iscernment which enables a person to judge criti¬ cally of what is correct and proper, united with caution; nice discernment and judgment; liberty or power of acting without other control than one’s own judgment.—To surrender at disa'etion is to surrender without stipulation or terms; fdisjunction, or sepa¬ ration. Discretionary, 1 a. Left to discre- Discretional, dia-kresh'-un-aly j tion ; unrestrained except hy discretion or judgment, that is to be directed or managed by discretion only. Dtscrbtionarily , ais-kresh'-un-d-re-lBy 1 ad. At discre- Discretionally, dis‘kresh'-un^al-lcy / tion; accord¬ ing to discretion. Discretivb, dis-kref-tiVy a. Disjunctive; noting sepa¬ ration or opposition; separate; distinct.— Jnlogic, a diseretive proposition expresses some distinction, op¬ position, or variety, by means of buty thoughy yety &c. —In grammary diseretive distinctions are such as imply opposition or difference. Discretivblt, dis-kre'-tiv-le, ad. In a diseretive man¬ ner. Discrimbn, dis-krV-meny s. Cl^t.) A distinction ; a separation. Discriminablb, dis-kr%m'-e~n&-hly a. That may be dis¬ criminated. Discriminate, dis-krim'-e-natCy v.a. To distinguish, to observe the difference between; to separate; to select from others; to make a distinction between; to mark with notes of difference; to distinguish by some note or mark. — v.n. To make a difference or distinction; to observe or note a difference; to distinguish. — a. Distinguished; having the difference m^ked. Discriminately, dis-krim'-e-nate-ley ad. Distinctly; with minute distinction; particularly. Discriminateness, dis-hrim'-e-nate-nes, s. Distinct¬ ness; marked difference. Discriminating, dis-krim'-e-nate-ing, ppr. Separating; distinguishing. — a. Distingiushing; peculiar; characterised by pecu¬ liar differences; able to make nice distinctions. Discrimination, dis-krim-e-na*-shuny s. The act of dis¬ tinguishing; the act of making or observing a differ¬ ence; the state of being distinguished; mark of distinction, discernment, penetrafton, acuteness, or judgment. Discriminative, dis-krim'-e-nii-tivy a. That makes the mark of distinction; that constitutes the mark oi difference; characteristic. Discriminatiyely^ ad. "With dis¬ crimination or distinction. Discriminator, dis-krim'-e-na^tur, $. One who dis¬ criminates. DiscRiMiNous,t dis-hrim*-e mis, a. HaEardous. Discrown, dis-krown', v.a. To deprive of a crown. DiscRuciATiNO,j|: dis-kru'-she-a-ting, a. Painful Discubitory, dis-keuZ-be-tur^ey a. Leaning, Inclining, or fitted to a leaning posture. Disculpate, dis-kuV-pate, v.a. To free from blame or fault; to exculpate; to excuse. Disculpation, dts-kul-pa'-shuny s. Exculpation. Disculpatoby, dis-kuV pti-iur-e, a. Tending to excul¬ pate. Discdmbency,$ dis-kum'-ben-sBy s. The act of leaning at meat, accormng to the manner of the ancients. DiscuMBEiut dis-kum*-hery v.a. To unburden ; to throw off anything cumbersome; to disengage; to disencumber. Discore4 dis'kexcr'y v.a. To discover; to rereal. DISOUEUEUT [ 285 ] DISEN&AGED A rambling desultory ; argumentatiTe ; reasoning ; proceeding reffularly from premises to consequences. Discursively, dis-kur'-siv-le, ad. In a discursive Discuksivekess, dt«-*wr'-stv-ne*,». The state or qua- DJi7aa1orv;ii"^-\a. Ar~^ Discos, diV-kus, s. (Lat.) A quoit; a copper, or stone, to be thrown in play—In mrarne plain part of a radiated generally consisting of small florets.—The face or sur¬ face of the sun or moon. See Disc. Disross, dis-kus^,\.a. To .debate; to ^tate^byar^- ment; to clear of objections and difflculUes, to sift, to examine by disputation j to break in jueces, to scatter or dissolve, ^ bottle of wine.—In medical practice, to disperse or dissolve: as io discuss pimples. _. Discusseb, dis-kus’-ser, s. One who discusses; one who sifts or examines. . _ Discussino, disM-sing, s. Discn^ion; exa^ation. Discussion, dis-kush'-un, s. agitation of a point or subject with a view to elicit truth; the treating of a sutoect by argument. Discussite, dis-kus’-siv, a. Having the Pojer to du- cuss or resolve.—In surgery, resolution, the dispersion of a tumour, or any coagulated matter. — 8. A medicine that discusses; a discutient DiscusT.i dis-hust'. pp. or a. Shaken off. , Di8CUTi#NT,rfts-ft«J/-sfte-en«,a. Discussing; dispersing ^morbU application wbich disperses a tumour or any coagulated flmd in the bod^ Disdain, dis-dan^, v.a. To think imworthy, to deem worthless; to consider to be unworthy of notice, care, regard, or esteem; to scorn; to contemn. -s. Contempt; scorn; a passion excited by toe hatred or detestation of what is mean and tehonour- able, or by some supposed superiority; scorn, con- DSN«fw:/«l,a. ing disdain; contemptuous, scornful, haughty, or m DmlfiNruLET, dis-dane’-ful-le, ad. Contemptuously; With scorn; in a haughty manner. Disdainfuluess, dis-dane-ful-nes, 8 . CJontempt, con temptuousness; haughty scorn. Disdainino, dts-dane'-Big, s. Contempt; scorn. Disdiafason, dis-di-d-pa'-sun, 1 s. In ^ Bisdiapason, bis-di-d-pa'-sun, ) of two octaves, or a fifteenth. See Diapason. _ in rnno Dise.ase, dii-eze', s. Any deviation ftom health mfunc_ tion or structure; toe cause of pain or uneasiness, any Sate of a living body in which the natural functions ?f the organs Ire latermpted or distorbed a d^or- dered state of the mmd or intellect.—In soCTefy, race, corrupt state of morals.—Political d^rder, or vices m a state; distemper, ailment, malady, or dis¬ order; tuneasiness; discontent. — v.a. To interrupt or impair any or all the natoi al and regular functions of the several organs of a hvmg body; to afflict with pain or sickne^; to make mor¬ bid- to interrupt or render Imperfect the regular functions of the brain or of the intellect; to disorder; to derange; to infect; to communicate disease to by contagion; to make uneasy. DiseTsed, diz-eze^d', pp. or a. Disordered or distempered. Diseasedness, diz-e'-zed-nes, 8 . The state of being dis¬ eased; a morbid state; sickness. _^ OISEASEFUE, diz-ezd-ful, a. Abounding with disease, nroducing diseases; occasioning uneasiness. ^ Diseasement, diz-eze'-ment, s. Uneasiness; inconve Disedqed, dis-e^jd , a. Blunted ; made di^ jcKhi-v - fn Disembark., dis-em-b'drk , v.a.^ To ^ ^ remove from on board a ship to The land, to put on shoi^ — v.n. 'To land; to debark; to quit a ship for residence or action on shore. , - Di^mbarkation, dis-em-hdr^ka'‘Shun, s. The act oi Disembarked, dis-em-bdrkV , pp. of the verb to Aisem bark. Disembarrass, dis-em-bar'-ras, v.a. To free from em* barrassment or perplexity; to clear; to extricate. Disembarrassed, dis-em-bar'^ras'd, pp. Freed from em¬ barrassment. ^ i - Disembarrassment, dts-em-bar'-ras ment, 8. The act of extricating from perplexity Disembay, dis-evi-bay^, v.a. _ To clear from a bay. Disembellish, dis-ern-bel'-lish, v.a. To deprive of em bellishment. ... - - Disembitter, dis-em-bW-ter, v.a. To free from bitter¬ ness; to clear from acrimony, to render sweet or dSmSuied, dis-em-bod'-id, a. Divested of toe body separated; discharged from keying m a body. Disembody, dis-em-bod'-e, v.a. To divest of bo-mi>7it,a. The act of disfranchising or depriving of the privileges of a free citizen, or of some particular immunity. Dispriar, dis-Jri'-ar, v.a. To deprive a friar of his position, and of all the rights thepeto belonging. D 18 PURNI 8 H, dis-fur'-nishy v.a. To deprive of furniture; to strip of apparatus, habiliments, or equipage Dispurnished, dis-fur'-nishty pp. or a. Deprived of furniture. D 18 GARNI 8 H, dis-gar'-niahy v.a. To degamish; to divest of garniture or ornaments; to depiive of a garrison, guns, and military apparatus. Disgarrison, dis-gar' -re-suny v.a. To deprive of a garrison. Disoavel, dis-gav’l, v.a. To take away the tenure of gavelkind. DisoLORiryrt dis-gW-re-fi, y.a. To deprive of glory. Disgorge, dis-gotge', v.a. To vomit; to eject or dis charge from the stomach ; to throw out with violence or discharge violently from a confined place; to yield up or give back what had been seized upon as one’s own. Disgorged, dis-gory*d\ pp. of the verb to disgorge. Disgorgement, dis-gorf-ment , s. Theact of disgorging • a vomiting. => o & j Disgrace, dis-grase'yi. Dishonour, infamy, or shame- disesteem; opprobrium; state of ignominy; cause of shame. — v.a. To degrade, dishonour, or debase; to put out of favour; to bring to shame; to sink in estimation. Disgraced, dis-graee'd'y pp. or a. Put out of favour: dishonoured. DisGRACEFUL,dt«-grrtS(?'-/w^,a. Shameful; reproachful; dishonourable; procuring shame. Disgracefully, ad. Shamefully, iguo- nuniously, or dishonourably, in a disgraceful manner. Disgracepulnbss, dis-grase^-ful-nesy s. Ignominy or shamefulness. Disgracer, dis-gra'-aer, s. One who exposes to or brings into disgrace, shame, or contempt. Disoracious, dis-gra'-shus, a. Ungracious; displeas- ^ing. Disgrade, dis-grade', v.a. See Degrade. DiSQRE&ATB,-t dia'-gre-gate, v.a. To separate; to dis¬ perse. Disguise, dia-guize'y v.a. To conceal, to hide by a coun¬ terfeit appearance; to cloak by false show or false language ; to dissemble; to alter the form and ex¬ hibit an unusual appearance; to disfigure or deform by liquor ; to intoxicate. — 8. A counterfeit habit; a dress intended to conceal the peieon who weai*s it;^ a false appearance; a coun¬ terfeit show; an artificial or assumed appeai*ance, intended to deceive the beholder; change 01 manner by drink; intoxication. Disguised, dia-guize'd' , pp. or a. Concealed by a conn terfeit habit or appearance. Disguisedly, dia-gm'-ze.d-ley ad. So as to be concealed. Disouisement, rfw-gMtac'-Tneni, s. Dress of concealment false appearance. Disouiser, dis-gui'-zeVy s. One who disguises himself or anotlier; he or that which disfigures. Disguising, dia-gui'-xmgy s. The act of giving a false appearance; theatrical mummery or masking. Disgust, dis-gust'y s. Dislike, aversion, or ole-elish; an unpleasant sensation excited in the organs ol'taste by something disagreeable, as in food or drink; an iin ^ pleasant sensation in the mind, excited by something offensive. — v.a. To displease; to excite aversion in the stomach, to offend the mind or moral taste. Disgusted, dia-guaV-ed. pp. of the verb to disgust. Disgustful, dis-gusf-fvX , a. Offensive to the taste; nauseous; exciting aversion in the natural or moral taste. Disgustfulness, dis-gust'-/ul-ne$, s. State of being disgustful. Disgusting, a. Provoking dislike; odious, hateful. Disgustingly, dis-guaf-ing-Uy ad. In a manner to give digust. Dish, dish, s. A broad, open vessel, used for serving up meat and vario^us kinds of food at the table ; the meat or provisions seiwed in a dish; any particular kind of food.—Among mviera, a trough in which ore is measured. — v.a. To put in a dish, to serve up at table; to undo {vu’gar). * DrsHABiLiTATE, dis-hd-biV-e-tat€, v.a. To disqualify. DisHABti'.B, dis-hd-hiV, s. An undress; a loose, negli¬ gent di ess for the morning. See Deshabil.-s, winch IS the more correct orthography Dishabit. dis-hdb'-ity v.a. To dri \ e from a habitation. Disharmonious, dis-har-mo'-ne-uo, a. Incongruous. Disharmony, $ dis-har'-mo-ne , % Want of narmony, discord, incongniity. Dish-cloth, dish'-klaxoth, ) s. A cloth used for washing Dish-clout, dish'-klowt, } and 'wiping dishes. Dish-cover, dish-cov'-er, s. A metal or earthenware cover for retaining the heat. Dishearten, dis hdr'tn, v.a. To dispint, discourage or depress; to deprive of courage; to impress with fear. Disheartened, pp. or a. Discouraged or depressed In spirits, DISHEARTENING [ 287 ] DISJOINT ©isHEAaTKNiNG, dU-hartfnino^ ppr. or a. Diicou- raging; depressing the spirits. Dishbir^ diz-are\ v.a. To debar from inheriting. Disherison 4 dis-ner'-e-sitny s. The act of disinheriting or cutting off from inheritance. Disherit, dis-ke%''’ity v.a. To cut off from an inherit¬ ance , to disinherit. Disheritance, dis-her'-e-ianSf s. The state of disin¬ heriting, or of being disinherited. D 16 HERITOR, dU-her'-e-turi 8. One who dispossesses another 01 his inheritance. Dishevel, ds-shev’-el, v.a. To spread the hair loosely ; to suffer the hair 01 the bead to hang negligently, and to flow without conlinement. — v.n. To spread in disorder. Dishevelled, de-ahev'ld^ pp. or a. Hanging loosely and negligently; flowing m disorder. Dishful, dish'-ful, s. As much as a dish will hold. Dishing, dish'-tng^ ppr. Putting in a dish. — a. Concave, lihe a dish. Dish-mat, diah'-irutt, s. A straw or oiled cloUi, or other table mat. Dishonest, diz-on'-cat^ a. Void of honesty; ihithless, fraudulent, or unCaithfiil; destitute of probityj in¬ tegrity, or good faitli; having or exercising a dispo- siuon to deceive, cheat, and defraud; unchaste. Dishonestly, diz-on'-e&t-le, ad. In a dishonest man¬ ner; without good faith, probity, or integrity; knaviflily; lewdly; unchastely. Dishonesty, diz-on'-ea-tef 8. Want of probity or in¬ tegrity in principle; mithlesmess; a disposition to cheat or denaud, or to deceive and betray , violation of trust or of jusrice; fraud; treachery; any deviation from probity or inte^ty; unchastity; deceit; wicked¬ ness; shame. Dishonour, s. Dtegrace, ignominy, or shame; whatever constitates a stain or blemish on the reputation. — v.a. 10 bring reproach or shame on; to disgrace, shame, debase, or pollute; to stain the character of; to lessen reputation; to treat Yvith indignity; to vio¬ late the chastity of; to refuse or decline to accept or pay, as a draft. Di8iioNouRABLB,di»-on'-«r-d-6Z, a. Shcouefal; reproach¬ ful ; bringing shame on; staining the chai^ter and lessening reputation; destitute of honour; base or vile. Dishonourableness, dia-o»'-w-d-W-nm, s. Quality of being dishonourable. Dishonourably, ad. Reproachfully; in a dishonourable manner. Dibhon^ary diz-on'-ur-A-ret a. Bringing dishonour on; tending to disgrace; lessening reputation. Dishonoured, dt*-on'-itrd, pp, or a. Disgraced; brought into disrepute. Dishonourer, diz-on'-ur-er, 8. On© who dishonours or disgraces ; one who treats anotoer with indignity. Dishorn , dia-haiorn', v.a. To deprive of horns. Dishumour, dw-^M'-rnwr, 8. Peevishness; ill-humour. Dish-water, 8. 'Water in which dishes are washed. Disk-wheels, dish'-hweelSf s.pl. "Wheels which are con¬ cave on one side and convex on the other. DisiMPARK,i- dia-im-park'f v.a. To free from the bar¬ riers of a {Mirk; to free from restraints or seclusion. Disimprove, dia^m’prooff f v.a. or u. To grow worse; to render worse. Disimprovement, di$-im~proov'-menty s. Reduction from a better to a worse state. Disincarcerate, + dia-ifi-kdr'-aer-ate, v.a. To liberate from prison. Disinclination, dia-in^kle-na'~shun.^. Want of incli¬ nation. desire, or affection; unwillingness, disaffec¬ tion, alienation, or dislike. Disincline, dis-m-klme'y v.a. To excite dislike or slight aversion; to make disaffected or alienate from. Disinclined, dis-in-kline’d', pp, or a. Not inclined; averse. D 18 INCLO 8 B, dia-in-klote', v.a. To open an inclosure or throw open what has been inclosed! Disincorporate, diti~in-kaivr'-pzir-ate,Y.BL. To deprive of corporate powers, or to disunite a corporate body. Disincorporation, dis-in-katPr-prir-a'-shwi, s. Depri¬ vation of the rights and privileges of a corporation. Disinfect, di$-i7t~/ekt", v.a. To cleanse from infection, or purify from contagious matter. Disinpeotant, dis-in-fekf-tantf s. An agent foi remov¬ ing the causes of infection, as chlorine. Disinpected, dia-itirfek'-ted, pp. or a. Cleansed from infection. Disinfection, dts-in-fekf-ahuny s. PurificatlOTL from infecting matter. Di8iNGENuiTY,dt«-«n-jc-n«R'-e-fe, s. Insincerity,unfair¬ ness, disingenuousness, want of candour, illiberality; uncandid,crafty, or illiberal; wanting in frankness and candour. Disingenuous, d%s~in-jen'-u-u8, a. Meanly artful; un¬ becoming true honour and dignity. Disingenuously, dia-in-jen'-u-us-le, ad. In a disin¬ genuous manner; unfairly; not openly and candidly. Disjngenuousness, dia-m-jht^-U'Ua-nts, s. Unfairness; want of candour. Disin habited, dia-in^hal/-it-edf a. Deprived of in¬ habitants. Disinherison, s. The act of cutting off from heieditary succession; the act of disin¬ heriting ; the state of being disinherited. Disinherit, dia-in-her'-it, v.a. To cut off from heredi¬ tary right; to deprive of an inheritance; to prevent the heir from coming into possession of property. Disinheritance, dis-tn-Ziar'-e-tanaf 8. Act of disin¬ heriting. Disinherited, diaAn-her*~it-tdy pp. or a. Cut off from an inheritance. Disinbume, dia-in-htiom'y v.a. To disinter. Disintbgrable, dia-in'-U-gr&-hly a. That may be separated into integrant parte; capable of disin¬ tegration. Disintegrate, dia^in^-te -grate y V.a. To separate the integrant parts of. Disintegrated. dia-Ui'-te-gra-ted, pp. or a. Separated into integrant parte witliout chemical action. Disintegration, dis-in-te-gra'-sh%in, s. The act of separating integrant parte of a substance. Disinter, dia-in-ter'y v.a. To take out of a grave or out of tile earth; to bring from ot»curity into view. Disinterb6smbnt4 dia-in*-ter-ea-menty 8. D'^Jinterest- edness. DisiNTEHBaT,+ dia-in’-ter-eaty s. What ir contrary to the Interek or advantage; disadvantage; injury, indifference to profit or want of regard to orivate advanta^. —I- v.a. To disengage from private interest or personal advantage. Disinterested, dia-in'-ier-es-ted, a. Unbiassed ; unin¬ terested; impartial: free from self-interest; having ne separate personal interest or private advantage in a question or affair; not influ^ced or dictated by private advantage. Disinterestedly, dia-in’-ter-ea-ted-UyViA. In a disin¬ terested manner. Disinterestedness, dia-in'-te^'-ea-ted-neSy s. The state or quality of having no separate personal interest or private advantage in a question or event; impar¬ tiality; indifference. Disinterment, dia-in-ter^-menty s. The act of dis¬ interring or taking out of the earth. Disinterred, dis-in~terd’y pp. or a. Taken out of the earth or grave. Dxsinthral, dia-in-thrawV . v.a. To liberate from slavery, bondage, or servitude; to free or rescue from oppression. Disinthbaixed, dia-in^thrawld' f pp. of the verb to dis~ inthral. Disinthralment, dia-in-thrawV-meyit, s. Liberation from bondage; emancipation from slavery. Disintricate, dia-in'-tre-katp.y v.a. To disentangle. Disinure, dia-m-ewr'y v.a. To deprive of familiarity or custom. Disinvalebitt, dia-in-td-Hif-e-te, s. Want of vali dity DisiNVESTiTUKB, dia-iti-ves'-te-tetcry s. The act of de¬ priving of Investiture. Disinvite, dis-in-mte', v.a. To recall an invitation. D 18 INVOLTE, dis-in-voli/y v.a. To uncover; to unfold or unroll; to disentangle. Disjection, s. A casting down or dissi pa ting. Disjoin, diz-joyn'y v.a. To part asunder; to disunity separate, sever, or detach. Disjoint, diz-jc^nt', v.a. To separate a joint or paits united by joints; to force out of its socket; to dis¬ locate; to separate at junctures; to break at the part where things are united by cement, to break in pieces; tp separate united parts; to break the natural order and relations of a thing; to make ineoherent. DISJOINT [ 288 ] DISOBEDIENT Disjoint, v.n. To fail in pieces. — a. Diyointed. Disjointed, diz-joyn'-ted. pp. or a. Separated at the joints; parted limb from Umb; carved; not co lierent. Disjointedness, diz-joyn^~ted-ne»f 8. State of being dis jointed. Disjointly, diz-joynfdey ad. In a divided state. DisjoDiCATioN,t 8. Judgment, de¬ termination. Disjunct, diz-jungkt'y a. Disjoined; separated. Disjunction, diz-jungk'-shuny s. The act of disjoining; disunion, separation, or a parting. Disjunctive, a. Separating, disjoining; mcapable of union.—In grammary a disjunctive con¬ junction is a word which unites sentences in construc¬ tion, but di^'oins the sense.—In logiCy a disjunctive proposition is one in which the parte are opposed to each other, by means of di^unctxves. — s. A word that di^oins. Disjuncti^wily, diz-jungk'-tiv-ley ad. In a disjunctive manner: separately. Disk, or disky s. The face or visible surface of a celestial body, as of the sun, moon, or planets; a quoit, a piece of stone, iron, or copper, a round or oval figure, which the ancients hurled hy the help compound flower.—In optics, the magnitude of a telescopic glajjs, or tlie width of its aperture. Diskindness^ dis-kine*d'-nes, s. Want of kindness or aifection; ill turn, injury, or detriment. DisleaLjJ dis^leel*, a. Di^oyal; perfidious, treach¬ erous. Dislike, dis-lik^, s. Disapprobation, distaste, aversion, or disgust; contrariety of feeling; a moderate degi’ee of hatred; f discord; aisagreement. — v.a. To disapprove; to regard with some aversion or displeasure ; to disrelten., to regard with some disgust, as food. Disliked, dis-UkeH', pp. of the verb to dislike. Dislikbful,^ dis-lik^-ful, a. Disliking; disaffected. Disliken, dis-li'kn, v.a. To make unlike. Dislikenbd, dis-like'ndy pp. of the verb to disliken. Dislikeness, dis-Uke'-nes, s. Unlikeness; want of re¬ semblance j dissimilitude. Disliker, dis-li'~ker, s. One who disapproves or dis¬ relishes. Dislimb, dis-Unfy v.a. To tear the limbs from. DiSLiMNjij: dis-lim'y v.a To strike out of a picture. Dislocate, v.a. To displace; to put out of its proper place; to disjoint; to move a bone from its socket, cavitv, or place of articulation. Dislocate, dis-lo-katey 1 ^ r* * • * j. Dislocated, dis'-lo-ka-tedy / joint. Dislocation, dis-lo^ka'-shnny s. The act of moving from its proper place; luxation; the state of being displaced; a joint displaced.—In geology, the dis¬ placement of parte of rocks or portions of strata from the situations which they originally occupied. Dislodob, dis-lodj'y v.a. To drive from the place where a thing naturally rests or inhabits; to ^ive from a place of retirement or retreat; to remove an army to other quarters; to drive an enemy from any position. — v.n. To go from a place of rest. Dislodged, dis-loc^d', pp. of the verb to dislodge. Dislodgment, diS'lodj'-'fnenty s. Act of dislodging or removing to another place. DisL 0 TGNED,:j: dis-loyndr, a. Remote; far off. Disloyal, dxs-loy'-al, a. Not true to allegiance; false to a sovereira or to one’s duty; not true to the mar- loage-bed , false in love; disobedient, faithless, in¬ constant, or treacherous. Disloyally, dis-loy^-al^le, ad. In a disloyal manner; with violation of faith or duty to a sovereign; faith¬ lessly; perfidiously. Disloyalty, dis-loy'-al-te, s. Want of fidelity to a sovereign; violation of allegiance, or duty to a prince or sovereign authority; want of fidelity in love. Dismal, diz'~m(Uy a. Dreary; lonesome; gloomy; dire¬ ful ; lamentable; calamitous; sorrowful; sad; melan¬ choly ; productive of horror or distress. Dismally, diz'-mal-le, ad. Gloomily; horribly; sor¬ rowfully; uncomfortably. Dismalness, diz'-med^nes, s. Gloominess, horror. Dismantle, dis-man'tl, v.a. To deprive of dress; to strip • to divest; to loose. to toow open, to strip of fumituro; to unrig; to deprive of military f aminird, to deprive of outworks or forte; to render fortifica¬ tions mcapable of defence, or cannon uuservioeable • to break down. Dismantled, dia-man'tld, pp. or a. Divested, stripped of furniture, unrigged, and laid up in dock. Dismarry,$ dis-mar'-re, v.a. To divorce. Dismarshal, dis^mar*~shal, va. To disorder, or de¬ range. Dismask, dis-maskfy v.a. To strip off a mask; to un¬ cover or unmask; to remove that which conceals. Dismast, dis-mast', v.a. To deprive of a mast or masts; to break and caixy away the masts from. Dismasted, dis-mast'-ed, pp. or a. Deprived of a mast or masts. Dismastment, dis^masif-ment, s. The act of dismast¬ ing ; the state of being dismasted. Dismay, dis-wa', v.a. lo terrify, frighten, discourage, or dishearten; to deprive of that stren^h or firmness of mind which constitutes courage; to sink the spirits or resolution. — v.n. To stand aghast with fear; to be confounded with terror. * — 8. lioss of courage; a sinking of the spirits; de- :^ression; dejection, a yielding to fear; that loss of nmmess which is effected by fear or terror. Dismayed, dis-matfe', pp. or a. Disheartened; deprived of courage; $ ill-shaped. Dismayedness, t dis-ma'-ed-nes, s. A state of being dismayed; dejection of courage. Dismayful, i dis-ma'-ful, a. Full of dismay. Di^^ ’ j deem, a. A tenth part; a tithe. Dismember, v.a. To divide limb from limb; to disjoint, dislocate, divide, or sever; to sepa¬ rate a member from the body; to tear or cut in pieces. Dismembered, dis-mem'-herd, pp. or a. Divided mem¬ ber from member; tom or cut in pieces. Dismembering, dis-mem'-lei'-mg, s. Mutilation. Dismemberment, dis-mem'-ber~ment, s. The act of severing a Umb or limbs from the body; mutilation, the act of severing a part from the main body, divi¬ sion ; separation. Dismettled,+ dis-meftldy a. Destitute of fire or spirit. Dismiss, dxs-misj, v.a. To send away; to give leave of departure; to permit lo depart; to discard; to dis¬ charge; to remove from office, service, or employ¬ ment; to deprive an officer of his commission or warrant; to send; to despatch; to send or remove from a docket; to discontinue. —^$8. Discharge; dismission. Dismissal, dis-mis'-sal, s. Dismission. Dismissed dis-misP, pp, from office or employ service. Dismission, dis-misN-un, s. The act of sending away • leave to depart; removal from office or employment! discharge; fan act requiring departui-e; removal of a suit m eqmty. Dismissive, ais-mi^-siv, a. Giving dismission. Dismortgage, dis-maxcr'-gqje, v.a. To redeem from mortgage. Dismount, dis-mownt’, v.n. To alight from a horse: to descend or get off, as a rider fr om a beast; to descend from an elevation. throw or remove from a horse; to unhorse. to throw or bring down from any elevation: to throw or remove cannon or other artillery from their car¬ nages; or to break the carriages or wheels, and render guns useless. Dismounted, dis-mown’-ted, pp. of the verb to dit- mount. ^Cavair7™°’ The act of unhorsing Disnatukalize, dis-nat'-yu-ral-ize, v.a. To make alien to depnve of the privileges of birth. Disnatured, dis-no'-icAurd, a. Deprived or destitute of natural feelings; unnatural. Disnest, dis-nest', v.a. To dislodge; to eject. Disobedience, dis-o-fce'-de-ense, s. Neglect or refusal to obey; violation of a command or prohibition; the omission of that which is eommandea to be done or the domg ofthat which is forbid; breach TduS prescribed by authority; uon-compliance. dw-o-6e'-de-cn<, a. Neglecting or refusing pre^rlfedliy aS^?* or a. Sent away; removed ce or employment; discarded the military mSOBEDIENTY [ 289 ] EISPEICE 3>!50BfiDiEHTLY,tii«-o-6e'-d«-«iMe,a4. In a disobedient manner. Disobey, dts-o-ftrty', T.a. To neglect or refuse to obey; to omit or refuse to do what is commanded, or to do what is forbid; to transgress or violate an order or injunction. Disobeyed, dis-o-hayd/, pp. Not obeyed; neglected. ^ D 1 SOBLIQA.T 1 ON, dis^oh'le-ga^-shun, s. The act of dis¬ obliging ; an offence; cause of disgust. D 18 OBLIGA.TORT, dis-ob'-le-ga-tur-e, a. Releasing obli¬ gation. Disoblige, dis-o-hlije', v.a. To do an act which con- travmes the will or desires of another; to offend by an act of unkindness or incivility; to injure in a slight degree; $ to release from obligation. Disobliged, dis~o-blifd, pjp. Offended. Disobligement, dis-o~blije'-mentj s. The act of dis¬ obliging. Disobliger, dis-o-bli'-jer^ 8. One who disobliges. Disobliging, dis-o-bli'-jing, a. Not obliging; not dis¬ posed to gratify the wishes of another; offensive; unplcasing; unaccommodating. Disobligingly, dis-o-bli'-jing-le, ad. In a disobliging manner; offensively. Disobligingness, dis-o-bU'-jing-nes, s. Offensiveness; disposition to displease, or want of readiness to please. Disocctjpation,$ dis-ok~ku-pa'-shun, s. "Want of occu¬ pation or employment. Disomorphous, di8-o~mor'-fu8, a. A botanical term, denoting two-shaped. Disopinion,^; dis-o-jjin'^yiin, s. Difference of opinion. DisoRBED,t dis-orbd'j a. Thro'wn out of the proper orbit. Disorder, dis-awr'-der, 8. Disturbance, disarrange¬ ment, irregularity, or confusion; want of order or regular disposition; a disturbing of the peace of society; neglect of rule ; breach of laws; violation of standmg rules or institutions; disturbance of the functions of the animal economy; discomposure of the mind; turbulence of passions; indisposition, sickness, or disease. — v.a. To disarrange, confuse, or discompose; to dis¬ turb any regular disposition or arrangement of things, to put out of method; to throw into con¬ fusion ; to disturb or interrupt the natural functions of the animal economy; to produce sickness or in¬ disposition ; to disturb the mind; to disturb the regular operations of reason. Disordered, dis-atvr'-derd, pp. of the verb to disorder. — a. Disorderly; irregular; vicious; loose; unre¬ strained in behti'p’iour. Disorderedness, dis-awr'-derd-nes, s. A state of dis¬ order or iiTegi? Uirity; confusion. Disorderliness. iis~ator'-der-le-neaj8. State of being disorderly. Disorderly, dU-awr'-der-le, a. Irregular, confused, intemperate, lawless, or vicious; being without proper order or disposition; acting without regu¬ larity ; contrary to law; disposed to violate law and good order; inclined to break loose from restraint. —• ad. Without order, rule, or method; irregularly; confusedly; in a manner violating law and good order. Disordinate, dis-awr'-de-natey a. Disorderly; living irregularly; vicious. Disordinatelt, dis-awr'-de^ate-le, ad. Inordinately; irregularly. Disordination, dis-awr-de-na'-8hun, a. Disarrange¬ ment. Disorganization, dis-awr-gan-e-za'-shun, s. The act of disorganizing or of destroying organic structure; the act of destroying order; the state of being disorganized. Disuaganize, diS‘aw>^~gan-izef v.a. To break or destroy organic structure or connected system; to dissolve re^arity oftsystem or union of parts. Disorgant^zed, dis-awr'-gan-ize'd. pp. or a. Reduced to disorder; being in a confused state. Disorga vizer, dis-awT^-gan-i-zer^ s. One who disor¬ ganizes, or attempts to intenupt regular order or system, one who introduces disorder and confusion. Disorientated, dis-o'-7e-en-ta-ted,z.. Turned from toe east or from the right direction. Disown, dis-one', v.a. To disavow, disclaim, or dis¬ allow ; to refuse to acknowledge as belonging to one’s & 2 lf; not to allow or admit as belonging to an- L DisowKEm dts-oim'd'f pp. ox a Not owned; uos acknowledged as one’s own; denied; disallowed. Disownment, dis-one^-menty s. Act of disowning. Disoxydatb, v.a. To reduce from exy- dation; to reduce from the state of an oxide by disengaging oxygen from a substance. ' Disoxydation, s. The act or process of freeing from oxygen, and reducing from the state of an oxide. Disoxygenate, dis-oxf-e-jen-atey v.a. To deprive of oxygen. Disoxygenation, dis-ox-e-jen-a'-shun, s. Tli-e act or process of separating oxygen from any substance containing it. Dispace, t dis-pase’, v.a. To range about. D 18 PAIR, dis-pare'y v.a. To separate a pair or couple. DisPANDjt dis-pand'y v.a. To display; to spread aoroad. DisPANsioNjt dis-pem'-ahun, s. The act of spreading or displaying. Disparadised, dis-par'-d-dise'd, a. Removed from paradise. Disparage, dis-par'-ij, T.a. To undervalue ; to depre¬ ciate; to treat with contempt; to lower in rank or estimation; to dishonour; to match unequally; to injure or dishonour by union with sometl^g of in¬ ferior excellence, or by a comparison with something of less value or excellence; to lower in rank or estimation; to bring reproach on; to debase by words or actions. —t s. A disparagement. Disparaged, dis-par-ijd'y pp. of the verb to disparage. Disparagement, dis-par~ij-menty s. Depreciation; derogation; detraction; debasement; disgrace ; the matching of a man or woman to one of inferior rank or condition, and against the rules of decency; injury by union or comparison with something of inferior excellence; diminution of value or excellence. Disparager, dis-par'-iS-cry s. One who disparages, dishonours, vilifies, or disgraces. Disparagingly, dis-par'-ij-ing-ley ad. In a maimer to disparage or dishonour. Disparate, dis^-i^'^-atCy a. Unequal; unlike; dis similar. Disparates, dW-pa, ^Hes, s.pl. Things so unequal 01 unlike, that they cannot be compared with each other. Disparition,^ dis-par-ish'-un, s. Disappearance. Disparity, dis-par'-e-te, s. Difference in degree, age, rank, condition, or excellence; inequality, dissimui- tude, or disproportion^ Dispark,, dis-p'drk'y v.a. To throw open a park; to lay open; to set at latye; to release from confinement. Disparking, dis-p'drk'-ingy s. Act of throwing open a park. . DispARKLE,t dis-pdrk'ly v.a. To scatter abroad; to dis¬ perse. Dispart, dis-pdrf, v.a. To part asunder; to divide; to separate; to sever; to burst, rend, or split; to set a mark on the muzzle-ring of a piece of or^ance. — v.n. To separate; to open; to cleave. — 8. In gunnery, the difference between the thickness of the metal of a piece of ordnance at the mouth and at toe breech. Disparted, dis-part'-ed, pp. or a. Divided, separated, or rent asunder. DispASSIGN, dis-pash'-un, s. Apathy; freedom from passion; an undisturbed state of the mind. Dispassionate, dis-pash'-un-ate, a. Free from passion calm, cool, composed, or serene; unmoved by feel¬ ings ; not dictated by passion; not proceeding from temper or bias. Dispassionated, dis-pash'-un-a-ted, 1 a. Free from pas- Dispassioned, / Sion; cool; calm. Dispassionately, dis-pash'-un-ate-le, ad. 'Without passion; calmly; coolly. Dispatch. See Despatch. DisPATCHMENT,t dis-patch'-nient. s. Dispatch. DispathYjJ dis'-pd-the, s. Wanr of passion. Dispauper, dU-pniv’-per, v.a. To deprive of the ciaim of a pauper to public support, or of the legal privilege of suing in forma pauperis. Di8PEACE,t dia-peese', s. Want of peace. Dispel, dis-pel', v.a. To disperse, drive away, or banish; to scatter by driving or force. — v.ii. To be dispei'sed; to fiy different >fay8; to dis¬ appear. Dispelled, dis-pelis'-(trhl-nes, 8. The capability of being dispensed with. Dispensary, rfis-pen'-sd-re, 8 . A house, place, or shop in wliich medicines are dispensed to the poor, and medical advice given gratis. Dispensation, s. Distribution; the act of dealing out to different persons or places; tlie dealing of God to his creatures; the distribution of good and evil, natural or moral, in the divine govern¬ ment.—In ecclesiastical affairs, the granting of a licence, or the licence itself, to do what is forbidden by laws or canons, or to omit something which is commanded; the act by wliich the bishop of a dio¬ cese Licenses a clergyman to hold two or more bene¬ fices, or to reside out of the boundaries of his parish. —That which is dispensed or bestowed; a system of principles and rites enjoined, as the Mosaic or Gospel dispensation. Djspensative, dis-peyi'-sa-tiv, a. Granting dispensa¬ tion. ’Dispensativelt, dis-pen'-e&-tiv-le, ad. By dispensa¬ tion. DisPENSATORjt dis-pcn-sa'-tur, s. One whose employ ment is to deal out or distribute; a dispenser. Dispensatory, dis-pen'~sd-tur-e, a. Having power to grant dispensations. — s. A book containing the method of preparing the various kinds of medicines. Dispense, dis-peyi^, v.a. To distribute or administer; ro deal or divide out in parts or portions; to distri¬ bute justice.—To to permit not to take effect; to suspend the operation or application of something; to permit the want of a thing which is useful or convenient. — v.n. To excuse. -J s. Dispensation; expense; profusion. Dispensed, dis peyist' , pp. Distributed or administered. Dispenser, dis-peyi'-ser, 8 . One who dispenses, distri¬ butes, or administers. Usually applied to medicines. Dispensing, dis-peyi'-sing, a. That may dispense with ; granting dispensation. Dispeople^ dis-pe'pl, v.a. To depopulate; to empty of inhabitants, as by destruction, expulsion, or other means. Dispeopled, dis-pe'pld, pp. Depopulated. Dispeopler, dis-pe'pler, s. One who depopulates; a depopulator. DisPERANCE.t di^-per-ans, s. Despair. DisperqEjJ dis-perje',‘^.Qi.. To sprinkle ; to scatter. Dispermodb, dis-per'-mzis, a. In botany, two-seeded. Dispersal, + dis-per'-sal, s. Dispersion. Disperse, dis-perse', v.a. To drive asunder, to cause to separate into different parts; to scatter, dissipate, dispel, or distribute; to scatter any body of men, armed or unarmed. — v.n. To separate; to go or move into different parts; to be scattered , to vanish, as fog or vapours ; to dis¬ appear, as mist or smoke. Dispersed, dis~pers^, pp. or a. Scattered ; dissipated. Dispersedly, dis-pers'-ed-le, ad. In a dispersed manner; separately. Dispersedness, dis-pers’-ed-nes, s. The state of being dispersed or scattered. Dispersene8s,+ s. Tliinness; a scattered state. Disperser, dis-per'-scr , s. One who disperses. Dispersion , dis-per'-shimy s. The act of scattering; the state of being scattered, or separated into remote parts.—In optics, the separation of light into its dif¬ ferent coloured rays.—In yyiedicine ayid surgery, the removing of infliimmation from a part, and restoring it to its natural state. Dispersive, dis-per'-siv, K Tending to scatter or dis¬ sipate. Dispirit, dis-pxr'-it, v.a. To dishearten, deject,distress, or intimidate, to deprive of courage ; to exhaust the spirits or vigour of the body. Dispirited, dis-pir'-it-ed, pp. ca* a. Discouraged; de¬ pressed in spirits- Dispibitedly. dis-pir'-it-ed-te, ad. In a dispirited manner. DispiRiTEDNEsa, dts-p%r'-tt‘ed-ne8, s. Want of coura^re; , depression of spirite. Dispiriting, dia-pir'-it-tng,-ppi. or a. Discouraging: disheartening. Dispiteous, dis-pit'-e-us, a. Having no pity; cruel or furious. DisPiTEODSLY4:dis-pii'-e-w«-Ze, ad. Maliciously. Displace, dis-plase', v.a. To disarrange, disorder, oi put out of the usual or proper place; to remove from any state, condition, office, or dignity. Displaceable, dts-pla'-sd-bl, a. That may be dis¬ placed. Displaced, dis-plase'd', pp. of the verb to displace. Displacement, dis-plase'~ment, s. The act of displacing or removing from the usual or proper place.—A terra ^plied to the quantity of water displaced by a ship floating at rest, the weight of water displaced being equal to that of the ship. Displacency, dis-pla'-seyi-se, s. Incivility; that which displeases or disobliges. Displant, dis-playif, v.a. To pluck up or remove a plant; to remove from the usual place of residence, as a nation; to strip of inhabitants, as a country. Displantation, dis-playi~ta'-shuyi, s. The removal of a plant; the removal of inhabitants or resident people. Displanted, dis-plnn'-ted, pp. of the verb to displant. Displanting, dis-planV-itig, s. Removal from a fixed place. Dibplat, dis-plat', v.a. To untwist; to uncurl. Display, dis-play', v.a. To unfold, exhibit, or spread out; to expand; to spread before the eyes or mind; to make manifest; to set to view ostentatiously; ito discover, op.en, or unlock. — v.n. To talk without restraint, or make a great show of words. — 8. An opening or unfolding; an exhibition of any¬ thing to the view; show; exliibition. Displayed, dis-playd', pp. of the verb to display. Displayer, dis-play'-er, s. He or that which displays. DisPLEjt dis'pl, v.a. To discipline; to chastise. Di8pleas.ance,4: dis-ple'-sans, s. Anger; discontent. Di8PLEASANT,j: dis-plcs'-aut, a. Unpleasing, offensive, or unpleasant. Displease, dis-pleze', v.a. To offend; to make angry, sometimes in a slight degree; to excite aversion ; to be disagreeable to. — v.n. To raise aversion. Displeased, rfis-plezc’d', pp. Offended; disgusted. Displeasedness, dis-pW-zed-nes, s. Displeasure; un¬ easiness. Displeaser, dis-pW-ser, s. One who is in the habit of displeasing. Displeasing, dis-ple'-zing, ppr. or a. Giving offence; offensive to the eye, to the mind, to the smell, or to the taste; disagreeable. Displeasingness, dis-ple'-zing-nes, 8. Offensiveness; the quality of giving some degree of disgust. Displeasure, dis-plezh'-ure, s. Dissatisfaction, disappro¬ bation, or dislike; some irritation or uneasiness or mind, occasioned by anything that counteracts desire or command, or which opposes justice and a sense of propriety; cause of irritation; state of disgrace oi disfavour. —$ v.a. To displease. Displicence,$ dis'-ple-sens, s. Dislike. Displode, dis-plode', v.a. To vent, discharge, or burst with a violent soimd. — v.n. To burst with a loud report; to explode. Displosion, dis-’plo'-shim, s. The act of disploding; a sudden bursting with a loud report. DtsPLosivE, dis-plo'-siv, a. Noting displosion. Displume, dis-pluynef, v.a. To strip or deprive of plumes or feathers or of badges of honour. Dispondee, di-spon'-de, s. In Greek and Latin poetry, a double spondee, consisting of four long syllables. Disponer, dis-po'-ner, s. A person who legally trans¬ fers property from himself to another. Disponge, dis-pwnjV. See Dispunge. Disport, 8. Play; sport; pastime; diversion; amusement: merriment. — v.n. To play or to wanton; to move lightly and without restr^t, or move in gaiety. — v.a. To divert or amuse; to remove from a port. Disported, dis-porf-ed, pp. of the verb to disport. Disportment, dis-port'-meyit, s. Act of disporting; play. Disposable, dis-p(/-8d~hl, Subject to disposal; not previously engaged or employed; free to be used of employed. Disposal, The act of disposing; disposi- DISPOSE [ 291 ] DISPUTE Uun, dispensiition, or distribution; a setting or ar¬ ranging ; regulation, order, or arrangement of things, to the moral government of Gk)d; power of ordering, arranging, or distributing; power or right of bestow ing. the passing into a new state or into new hands. Dispose, dis-poz^y v.a. To place or set in right order; to arrange, distribute, or regulate ; to apply or devote to a particular purpose; to set. place, or turn to a particular end or consequence; to form for a^ purpose, to SLt the mind in a particular frame.—lo ciLspose of, to i)art with, sell, or alienate, to put into another’s hand or power; to bestow ; to give away or transfer by authority ; to direct the course of a tiling ; to place in any condition; to direct what to do or what course tio pursue; to use or employ; to put away. —h T.n. To bargain ; to make terms. —t 8. Disposal; power of disposing, management; dispensation; act of government; disposition; cast of behaviour or of mind; inclination. Disposed, di8-po%e'd', pp. of the verb io dispose. DisposEDNEss, dis-po'-zed-nesy s. Disposition; inclina¬ tion. Disposer, dis-p or conceals his opinions or dispositions under a false ap¬ pearance ; a hypocrite. T)ibsbmblino, dis-sem'-bling, ppr. or a. Hiding under a false appearance, acting the hypocrite. Dissemblinqly, ad. With dissimula¬ tion ; hypocritically; falsely. Disseminate, dis-sem'-e-nate, v.a. Literally, to sow, or to scatter seed for growth and propagation j to spread abroad, as heat, or as nations; to spread, diffuse, pro¬ pagate, or circulate. Disseminated, dis-sem'-e-na-ted, pp. of the yerb to dis~ terninate. Dissemination, d%s-sem^e-na'-shun, s. The act of scat¬ tering and propagating, like seed; the act of spread¬ ing for growth and permanence. Disseminative, dis-sem'-e-7ia-t\v, a. Tending to dis¬ seminate. Disseminator, dis-scm'-e-na-tur, s. One who dissemi¬ nates, spreads, or propagates. Dissension, dis^se^t-shun, s. Contention, discord, or strife, disagreement in opinion; breach of friendship and union. Dissent, dis-senif, v.n. To disagree in opinion ; to differ; to think in a different or contrary manner; to differ from an established church, in regard to aoctrines, rites, or gorernment; 4:to be of a contrary navare. — s. Difference of opinion; disagreement; declaration of disagreement in opinion; separation from an es¬ tablished church, especially that of England; $ con¬ trariety of nature; opposite quality. Dissentaneous, dis-sen-ta'-ne-us, a. Disagreeable; contrary. Dis8bntany,$ dW-sen-td-ne, a. Dissentaneous; incon¬ sistent. Dissentation,$ dis-sen-ta'-shun, s. Act of dissenting. Dissenter, s. One who dissents; one who differs in opinion, or who declares his disagreement; one who separates from the service and worship of any established church, and particularly applied to those who separate from or do not unite with the established Church of England. Dissenterism, dis-sen'-ter-izm, s. The spirit or prin¬ ciples of dissent. Dissentient, dis-sen'-she-ent, a. Disagreeing; declaring dissent. — s. One who disagrees, and declares his dissent. Dissenting, dis-senf-ing, ppr. or a. Disagreeing in opinion. Dissbntious, dis-sen*-she-us, a. Disposed to disagree¬ ment or discord. Dissepiment, dis-se^*~e-ment, s. In botany, a term ap¬ plied to the partitions formed in ovaries by the united sides of cohering carpels, and which sepai'ate the inside into cells. Dissert, t dissert', v.n. To discourse or dispute. Dissertate, dis'ser-tate, v.n. To deal in dissertation. Dissertation, dis-ser-ta'shun, s. A formal discourse, intended to illustrate a subject; a written essay, treatise, or disquisition. Disserxational, disser-ta'-shun-al, a. Disquisitional; relating to dissertations. Disseutator, dWser-ta-tur, s. One who writes a dis¬ sertation, one who debates. Disserve, disserv', v.a. To injure; to hurt; to harm; to do injury or miscldef to. Disservice, disser'-vis, s. Injury; harm, mischief. Disbbrviceable, disser'-vis-d-bl, a. Injurious; hm'tful. Disservicbablenbss, disser'-vis-d'bl^nes, s. The quality of being injurious; tendency to harm. Disserviceably, disser'-vis-d-ble, ad. So as to be in¬ jurious. DissETTLE,t dis-set'tl, v.a. T^o unsettle. Dissettlement, dis-seftl-ment, s. Act of unsettling. Dissever, d*s-set/-er, v.a. To dispart; to part in two; to divide asunder; to separate. Disseverance, dissev'-er-anse, 8 . The act of dissever¬ ing; separation Disseveration, dtssev-er'a'-thun, a. Act of dissever¬ ing Dissevered, dis-sev'-erd, pp. or a. Disjoined; sepa¬ rated. Dissevering, 8. The act of separating; separation. Dibsidence, dWse-dens, s. Discord, or disagreement. DissiDEirr, dis^sc-dent, a. Not agreeing. —• 8 . A dissenter; one who separates from the estab¬ lished religion, one who vote* or gifes his <^Lnio£ about any point in opposition to others. Dissidents, disf-se-dents, s.pl. A name applied to per¬ sons of the Lutheran, Calvinistic, and Greek pro¬ fession, in Poland and other parts of the Continent. Dissilience, dissil'-e~ense, s. The act of leaping oi starting asunder. Dissilient, dis-sil'-e-ent, a. Starting asunder; burst¬ ing and opening with an elastic force. Dissilition, disse-lish'-un, s. The act of bursting open, or of springing different ways. Dissimilar, disshn’-e-lar, a. Unlike, either in nature properties, or external form; not having the resem¬ blance of; heterogeneous. Dissimilarity, dis-sim-e-lar'-e-te- s. Unlikeness; want of resemblance; dissimilitude. Dissimilarly, dis-sim'-e-lar-le, ad. In a dissimilar manner. Dis8imile,$ dis-sim'-e~le, s. Comparison or illustration by contraries. Dissimilitude, 8. Unlikeness; want of resemblance. Dissimulate, dissim'-u~late, V.n. To dissemble ; to feign; to make pretence. Dissimulation, dissim-u-la'-shtm, s. The act of dis¬ sembling ; a hiding under a false appearance; a feign¬ ing ; false pretension; hypocrisy. D 1 SSIMULB 4 : dissim'-ule, v.a. To dissemble. Dissipable, dis^-se-pd-hl, a. Liable to be dissipated that may he scattered or dispersed. Dissipate, di^se-pate, v.a. To scatter or disperse; to waste or consume; to drive asunder; to scatter pro¬ perty in wasteful extravagance; to scatter the atten¬ tion. v.n. To scatter or disperse; to separate into parts and disappear; to waste away; to vanish. Dissipated, pp. Scattered, dispersed, or squandered. — a. Loose; irregular; given to extravagance in the expenditure of property, devoted to pleasure and vice. Dissipation, 8. The act of scattering; dispersion; the state of being dispersed; scattereu attention, or that which diverts and call* off the mind from any subject; a wandering from object to object in pursuit of pleasure; a vicious course of life, at¬ tended with sensual indulgences and wasteful ex¬ penditure of money.—In physics, the insensible loss or waste of the minute parts of a body, by which means the body is diminished or consumed. Dissociabiliti, dissoshe-d-biV-e-te, s. "Want of so¬ ciability. Dissociable, dxsso'she-d-bl, a. Not well associated, united, or assorted; incongruous; not reconcilable with. Dissocial, dis-so'she-al, a. Unfriendly to society; con¬ tracted; selfish. Dissocialize, diss&she-aUiM, v.a. To disunite; to make unsocial. Dissociate, disso'she~ate, v.a. To separate* to dis¬ unite. Dissociation, dis-so-she-a'-shun, s. The act of dis¬ uniting ; a state of separation or disunion. Dissolubility, dis-so-lu-hiV-e-te, s. Capacity of being dissolved by heat or moisture, and converted into a fluid. Dissoluble, di^so-lu-hl, a. Capable of being dissolved, that may be melted; having its parts separable by heat or moisture; convertible into a fluid; that may be disunited. Dissolublenbss, dW-so-lu-bl-7ies, s. The quality of being dissoluble Dissolute, a. Disorderly, vicious, wanton, or debauched; loose in behaviour and moral* * given to vice and di^ipation. Dissoluted, dia-so~lu'-ted, pp. Corrupted rendered dissolute. Dissolutely, ad. Loosely; wantonly. Dissoluteness, dis'-so-lute-7ies, s. Looseness of manners and morals; vicious indulgences in pleasure; dissi¬ pation. Dissolution, 8. The act of liquefying or changing from a solia to a fluid state by heat; a melting; a thawing; the reduction of a body into very minute parts by a dissolvent or menstruum; the separation of the parts of a body by putrefaction, or the analysis of the natural structure of mixed booiet, a* of animal or vegetable substances; decomposition DISSOLVABLE [ 294 ] DISTENSIBILITT % liquid Bolutkoii) death; the separation of the soul and body; destruction; the separation of the parts which compose a connected system or bouy; the breaking up oi an assembly, or the putting an*end to its existence; looseness of manners, dissipation, or dissoluteness .—Dissolution of the bloody in medicine, that state of the blood in which it does not readily coagulate, on its cooling, out of the body, as in malig¬ nant fevers. D18SOLVA.BLE, dis~so^-^-ii-blf a. That maybe dissolved; capable of being melted; that may be converted into a fluid. Dissolvableness, dis-soW-d-bl-neSy s. State of being dissolvable. Dissolve, dis-solv’y v.a. To melt; to liquefy; to convert from a solid to a fluid state by means of heat or moisture; to disunite; to break; to separate; to loose the ties or bonds of anything; to destroy any connected system; to break up; to cause to separate; to put an end to; to clear; to solve; to remove; to dissipate or to explain; to break up, as to dissolve a league or an assembly; to dissolve parliament, a government^ or corporation; to loosen or relax; to make languid; to waste away ; to consume ; to cause to vanish or perish; to annul; to rescind, as to dissolve an in;iunction in chancery. — v.n. To be melted; to be converted from a solid to a fluid state; to sink away; to lose strength and firm¬ ness ; to melt away in pleasure; to become soft or languid; to fall asunder; to crumble; to be broken; to waste away; to perish; to be decomposed; to come to an end by a separation of parts. Dissolved, d«s-soZva', pp. or a. Melted; liquefied; dis¬ united; waste away ,—Dissolved blood is that which does not readily coagulate. Dissolvent, dis-sol'-vent, a. Having power to melt or dissolve. — 8 . Anything which has the power or quality of melting, or converting a solid substance into a fluid, or of separating the parts of a fixed body so that they mix with a liquid.— In medicinej a remedy supposed capable of dissolving concretions in a body, such as calculi, tubercles, &c. Dissolver, dis-sol'-ver, s. That which dissolves, or has the power of dissolving. Dissolvible, a. Liable to perish by dis¬ solution. See Dissolvable. Dissonance, dtV-so-nans, is. Discord; disagreement; Dissonancv, dis'-so-nan-sBy f a mixture or union of harsh, inharmonious sounds. Dissonant, dis'-so-nant, a. Discordant; harsh; jaiT- ing; inharmonious; unpleasant to the ear; dis¬ agreeing ; incongruous.— In music, those sounds or intervals are said to be dissonant which do not form a consonance between themselves. Dissuade, dis-swade', v.a. To advise or exhort against; to attempt by reasoning to draw or divert from a measure; to represent as unfit, improper, or dan¬ gerous. Dissuaded, dis-swa'~dedy pp. of the verb to dissuade. Dissuader, dis-swa'-der, s. He who dissuades; a de- horter. Dissuasion, {iis-stoa'-sAwn, 8 . Advice or exhortation in opposition to something; dehortation. Dissuasive, dis-stca'-siv, a. Tending to diSsuade, or divert from a measure or purpose; dehortatory. — s. Reason, argument, or counsel, employed to deter one from a measure or purpose. Dissuasivelv, dis~siva'-sw~le, ad. In a way to dis¬ suade. Dissunder, v.a. To separate; to rend. Dissweeten,^: dis-sive'tn, v.a. To deprive of sweetness. Dissyllabic, dis-sil-lab'-ik, a. Consisting of two syllables. Dissyllabification, dis-sil-lah'-e'fe-ka-shuny s. The act of forming into two syllables. DiasYLLLBiTYy ais-sil-lab'~e~fiy v.a. To form into two syllables. Dissyllable, dis-siV-ld-bly s, A word consisting of two syllables. Distaff, dis'-taf, s. The staff of a spinning-wheel, to which a bunch of flax is tied, and from which the thread is dva-wix.—^Distaf-tliistle is the popular name of certain plants whose stems are used in Southern Europe for distaffs. Distain, v.a. To stain; to tinge with any diffeieutcoloui* from the natural or proper one; to discolour; to blot; to sullv • t 4 defile, to tarnish. DistancBj di^-tansy s. An interval or space betwaen two objects; a space marked on the course where horses run; space of time; any indefinite length of time, past or future, intervening between two periods or events; ideal space or separation; con¬ trariety ; opposition; the remoteness which respect requires; reserve, coldness; alienation of heart remoteness in succession or relation. — In mwsic the interval between two notes.—In military mat¬ ters, the relative space which is left between mei standing under anus in rank. The distance of divi¬ sions is the number of paces, of thirty inches each, comprised in the front of any division or body.—In hope-racing, distance is a length of 244 yards from the winning-post, wliich is pointed out by the distance- where, if any horse has not anived, when the first one has reached the winning-post, such horse is said to be distanced, and is disqualified for running again during that race.—In astronomy, the law of distances is a curious law obseiwed by Professor Bode of Berlin, according to which the intervals between the planetary orbits go on doubling as >ve recede from the sun. — v.a. To place remote; to throw off from the view; to leave behind in a race; to win the race by a great superiority; to leave at a great distance behind. Distanced. diV-fanst, pp. Left far behind. Distant , dis'-tant, a. Remote in place or time ; having an intervening space of any indefinite extent; re¬ mote in the line of succession or descent, or in na¬ tural connection or consanguinity; not allied; not agreeing with or in conformity to; remote in view; not very likely to be realized; remote in connection; not easily seen or understood; reservett; implying haughtiness; exhititing coldness of affection, indifr ference, or disrespect. Distantial,-^- dis-tafi'^shaly a. Distant; remote in place. Distantly", dis'-ta?it-le, ad. Remotely ; at a distance . with reserve. Distaste, dis-taste', s. Disrelish; dislike, dissatisfac¬ tion, or disgust; aversion of the taste; dislike of food or drink ; aversion of mind ; alienation of affection. — v.a. To disrelish, dislike, or loathe; +to offend or disgust; to spoil the relish or taste of a thing; to vex, displease, or sour. Distasteful, dis-taste'-ful, a. Unpleasant or disgust- mg to the taste: causing disgust; proceeding from or a"ttended with disgust or opposition; nauseous; offensive ; displeasing; dissatisfactory. Distastefully, dis-taste'-ful-le, ad. In a distasteful manner. Distastefulness, dis-taste'-ful-nes, s. Disagreeable¬ ness; dislilce. Distastive, dis-taste'-iv, s. That which gives disrelish or avei'sion. Distemper, dis-tem'-per, s. Disorder, disease, or ma¬ lady ; an undue or unnatui'al temper, or dispropor¬ tionate mixture, of parts; any morbid state of an animal body, or of any part of it; undue predomi¬ nance of a passion or appetite; uneasiness; ill- humour, or bad t&m-pQv.—lwpainting, the mixing of colours with something besides oil and water, as with size, and water, whites of eggs, &c.—j-Want of due balance of parts or opposite qualities and principles ; m-hiunour of mind ; depravity of inclination. ^ '^ disease ; to disorder ; to derange the func¬ tions of the body or mind ; to disturb • to niffle ; to deprive of temper or moderation; to make disaffected, m-humoured, or malignant. Distemperance, dis-tem'-per-ans, s. Distemperature. DisTEMPERATE,-f dis-tem'-peY-ate, a. Immoderate. Distemperature, dis-tem'-per-d-tnre, s. Bad temper¬ ature ; intemperateness; excess of heat or cold, or of other qualities; a noxious state; violent tumultuous* ness or outrageousness; perturbation of mind; con¬ fusion ; co mmix ture of contrarieties; loss of regu- larity; disorder ; slight illness ; indisposition. Distempered, dis-tem-perd, pp. or a. Diseased in body or disordered in mind; disturbed or ruffled. Distemperedness, dis-tem'-perd-nes, s. The state of being distempered. Distend, dis-tend', v.a. To stretch or spread in fill directions; to dilate, expand, enlarge, or swell. Distended, dis-ten'-ded, pp. or a. Expanded or dilated by an enclosed substance or force Distensibility, dis-teu-se-bil'-e-te, s. The Quality 01 capacity of being distensible. DISTENSIBLE [ 295 ] DISTRAIN DiffTKKaiiiB, dis-tfn'-se-blf a. Capable of being dis¬ tended or dilated. Distension, dis-ten'-shtin, s. The act of stretching. Distent, t dis-tenff a. Spread. ~X 8- Breadth. Distention, dis-ten'-shun, s. The act of distending; the act of stretching in breadth or in all oirf^etiou.s ; the state of being distended; breadth; extern; or space occupied by the thing distended; an opening, sprt'ading, or divarication. Disteb^ dis-ter', v.a. To banish from a country. I)i3tebminatk4 dis ter'-me-fiate, a. Separated by bounds. DiSTEBMiNATiON,!: dis-ter-me-inf-shu7i, s. Separation. DISTHK 0 NE 4 ) To dethrone. DiSTHRONizEd dts-th ‘^0 -nizey ) Distich, dis-tik, s A couplet; a couple of verses or poetic lines, making complete sense; an epigram of two verses. Distich, dis'-tik, 1 a. In botany, having two Distichous, dis'-tik-us, ] rows, or disposed In two rows. Distil, dis-tiV, v.n. To drop, to fall in drops; to flow gently, or in a small stream; to use a still; to practise distillation. — v.a. To let fall in drops; to throw down in drops ; to extract by heat; to separate spirit or essential oils from liquor, by heat or evaporation ; to extract spirit from, by evaporation and condensation; to extract the pure part of a fluid; yto dissolve or melt. Distillable, dis-tiV4d-bl, a. That may be distilled; fit for distillation. Distillate, dis-tiV-late, s. In chemistry, a fluid dis¬ tilled, ana found in the receiver of a distilling appa¬ ratus. Distillation, 8. The act of falling in drops, or of pouring or throwing down in drops; that which falls in drops from a substance by evaporation and condensation; rectification; a clieinical process by which the spirit is extracted.— Dry distillation is a term applied to the distillation of substances per se, or without the addition of wdXGY—Destructive distil¬ lation is the distillation of substances at very high temperatures, so that the ultimate elements are sepa¬ rated or evolved in new combinations. Distillatory, dis-tiV-ld.-tur-e,d^. Belonging to distilla¬ tion ; used for distilling. Distilled, dis-tild', pp. or a. Let fall or thrown down in drops; subjected to the process of distillation. Distiller, dis-tiV-ler, s. One who distils, or w'hose occupation is to extract spirit by evaporation and condensation; a rectifier and compounder.—A dis¬ tiller's chemist is one who supplies materials used in distillation.— Distillers' Company is one of the livery companies of the city of London. Distillery, dis~til'-le-rey s. The building and works where distilling is carried on. Distilling, dis tiV-lirig, s. The act or process of ex¬ tracting spirit bj^ distillation. Distilment, dis-til'-ment, s. That which distils. or drops. Di.stinct, dis-tinkt', a. Having the difference marked; separated by a visible sign, or by a note or mark; separate; clear or obvious; not the same in number or kind; not conjunct; so separated as not to be con¬ founded with any other thing; not confused; marked; variegated. —% v.a. To distinguish. Distinction, dis-tinkf-shun, s. The act of separating or distinguishing; a note or mark of difference; dif¬ ference made; a separation or disagreement in kind or qualities, by which one thing is known from another; difference regarded; separation ; division; notation of difference ; elevation of rank or of cha¬ racter; honourable estimation; that which confers eminence or superiority; ofldee, rank, or public favour; dLscemnient; judgment. Distinctive, d%s-tink'-tiv, a. That marks distinction or difference; having the power to distinguish and discern. DiSTiNCTiYELY, dis-tink'-Uv-U, ad. "With distinction; plainly. Distinctiveness, dis-ti7iW-tiv-nes, 8. State of being distinctive. Distinctly, dis-tinkt'-le, ad. "With distinctness , clearly ; obviously ; separately ; not confusedly ; without the blending of one part or thing with another; with clearness or plainness. Distinctness, dis-tinM'-nes, s. The quality or state oi being distinct; plainness, clearness, or precision’ a separation or difference that prevents conftision of parts or things, nice discrimination in marking o’ observing differences. ® Distinctttre, dis-tink'-tchur, s. Distinctness. Distinguish, dis-ting'-gwish, v.a. To discriminalr. mark, or discern; to ascertain and indicate differem ? by some external mark; to separate one thing fro--- another by some mark or quality ; to know or asocr tain difference, as by the sen.ses; to separate or divicl: by any mark or quality which constitutes difference to discern critically; to judge; to separate fron> others by some mark of honour or preference; i; make eminent or known. — v.n. To make a distinction; to find or show tin. difference. Distinguishable, dis-tin^-gwish-h-bl, a. Capable o; being distinguished; that may be separated, known or made known; worthy of note or special regard. Distinguishableness, dis-ting'-gwish-d-bl-nes, s. The state of being distinguishable. Distinquishablt, dis-iing'-gwish-d-hle, ad. So aa to he distinguished. Distinguished, dis-tm^-gxcisht,-pp. Separated or knon ii by a mark of difference. ~ a. Separated from others by being superior or extra ordinary in some respect; famous, conspicuous, cele brated, or Ulustiious. Distinguishedly, dis-tin^-gwish-ed-le, ad. In a d'istin guished manner; eminently. Distinquisher, dis-tmg'-gwish-er, 8. He or that wbic^; distinguishes, or that separates one thing from anotlv. r by marks of diversity; one who discerns accurately the difference of things; a nice or judicious observe i Distinquishingly, dis~ting'-gtoish-ing-le,3.d.. With dis tinction; with some mark of preference. Distinguishment, dis-tmg'-gwxsh-ment, s. DistincDon . observation of difference. * Distitle, dis-ti’tl, v.a. To deprive of right. Distoma, dis'-to-md, s. A genus of intestinal worms, of which the species are numerous. Distort, dis-tawrf, v.a. To turn out of natural or re¬ gular shc^e; to twist, bend, or pervert; to force o." g ut out 01 the true posture or direction; to tuni aside :om the true meaning. —t a. Distorted. Distorted, dis-taicrt'-ed, pp. or a. Twisted out of na¬ tural or regtUar shape; wrested or perverted. Distortion, dis-tawx-'-shun, s. The act of distorting or wresting; a twisting out of regular shape; deviatioi. from natural shape or position; crookedness; grimace. a perversion of the true meaning of wordB. Distortive, dis-tawr’-tiv, a. That distorts; causing dis tortion. Distract, dis-trakt', v.a. To draw apart; to pull in dif¬ ferent directions; to cause a division: to throw into confusion; to turn or draw from any object; to diven from any point toward another point, or towaro vai’ious other objects; to draw toward different ob¬ jects ; to fill with different considerations; to perplex . to confound; to harass; to disorder the reason; t-» derange tl*e regular operations of intellect; to rendei raving or furious. —$ a. Mad. Distracted, dis-trak'-ted, pp. or a. Disordered in in tellect; perplexed; deranged, frantic, furious, o; raving. Distractedly, dis-irajd-ted-le, ad. Madly; furionsly ; wildly. Distractedness, dis-trakf-ted-nes, 8. A state of bein" mad; madness. Distracter, dis-trak'-ter, 8. One who distracts. Distractible, dis-trdld-te-bl,di. Capable of being drawn aside. Distracting, dis-trakif-ing, ppr. or a. Drawing apart. separating; perplexing; disordering the intellect. Distraction, dis-trakf-sii^n, s. The act of distracting, or a drawing apart; confusion from a multiplicity of objects crowding on the mind, and calling the atten tion different ways; perturbation of mind; confusion of affairs, a state oi disordered reason; violent in¬ sanity ; follyin the extreme, or amounting to insanity perplexity; disorder, derangement, madness, or raving. Distractiye. dis-trak^-tiv, a. Causing perplexity. Distrain, dxs-tran^, v.a. To sefre for debt; to take a personal chattel from the possession of a ivTong-doer into the possession of the injured party; to satisfy u DISTEAIN [ 236 ] BIT demand, or compel the performance of a duty; $to rend; to tear. Distuain, v.n. To make seivnre of goods. i)isTRALNABLE, dis-tron^-d-0», a. That is liable to be taken for distress. Distrained, dis-strane'd', pp. of the yerb to distrain. Distrainer, dis-tra'~ner^ s. He who seizes goods for debt or service. iDSTRAiNT, dis-traynf y s. Seizure. !,de, pp. of the verb to diversify Diversiform, de-ver'se-fawrm, a. Of a different form, of various forms. Diversify, de-ve)^-se-fi, v.a. To make different or va¬ rious in form or qualities; to give variety or diversity to; to variegate; to distinguish by different things.— In oratory, to vary a subject, by enlarging on what has been briefly stated, by brief recapitulation, by adding new ideas, by transposing words or periods, &c Diversiloquent, de-ver-siV-o-kwent, a. Speaking in different ways. Diversion, de-ver'-shun, s. The act of turning aside from any course; amusement; sport; play; entertain¬ ment or recreation; that which diverts or turns the min d from care, business, or study, and thus relaxes and amuses; vt-hatever unbends the mind.—In war. the act of dra-Nving the attention and force of an enemy from the point where the principal attack is to be made. Diversity, de-vey-se-te, 8. Difference ; dissimilitude. variety; distinct being, as opposed to identity; vaiie gation. Diverst,± de-versf, pp. or a. Turned out of the way. diverted. Divert, de-verif, v.a. To amuse, gratify, or entertain, to turn off from any course, direction, or intended a;^ plication; to turn aside; to turn the mind from busi¬ ness or study; to give pleasure or amusement; to draw the forces of an enemy to a different point; to subvert. Diverted, de-vert'-ed, pp. of the verb to divert. Diverter, de-ver'-ter, 3 . He or that wliich dlvcrta, turns off, or pleases. Diverticle,$ ae-ver'-te-kl, s. A turnir^; a bye-way. Divertimento, de-ver-te-men'-to, 9. (It.) In music, a short, pleasant composition, v(W?al or instrumental, ’^vritten in a light and familial’ style. Diverting, cZe-veri'-tnp, a. Pleasing; amusing; entivEST, de~vest', v.a. fo strip of clothes, aims, or equi¬ page; to deprive or strip of anything that covers, surrounds, or attends. Divested, de~ves'~ted, pp. of the verb to divest. Divestible, de-ves'-te^l, a. That can be divested. Divestiture, 1 s. The act of stripping, Divestdre, rff-ves'-iwre, / putting off, or depriving. Divestment, de-vesf-merit, s. The act of divesting. i>iviDABLE, de-v^^dCi-bl, a. That may be divided; sepa¬ rate; parted. Dividant,$ a. Different; separate. Divide, de-vide', v.a. 1o part or separate an entire thing; to part a thing into two or more pieces; to sever, cleave, or sunder; to cause to be separate; to reep apart by a partition, or by an imaginary line or limit; to make partition of among a number; to open or make a division in ; to disunite in opinion or in¬ terest ; to make discordant; to make dividends; to apportion the interest or profits of stock among pro¬ prietors ; to separate into two parts, for ascertaining opinions for and against a measure. — y.n. To part; to open; to cleave; to break friend¬ ship ; to vote by the division of a legislative house into two parts. fJiviDED, de-vi'-ded, pp. or a. Parted ; disunited. Dividedly, de-vi'-dea-le, ad. Separately. 1 )iyiDEND, div'-e-dend, s. A part or share; the share of the interest or profit of stock in trade or other em¬ ployment, which belongs to each proprietor according to his proportion of the stock or capital; a part or share assigned to creditors out of the estate of a bank- Tupt.—Divide.nd-warrant is an order or authority upon which shareholders or stockholders receive tlieii divi¬ dends.—In arithmetic, the number to be divided into equal parts. Divider, de-vi' lier, s. He or that which divides; that which separates into parts; u distributor; one who deals out to each his share; he or that wliich dis¬ unites. Dividers, de-vi'-ders, s.pl A kind of compasses. a. That indicates separation or difference. - s. Separation. j)iviDtNGLY, de-vi'-ding-le, ad. By division. i-)iviDUAL,i-a. Divided, shared, or partici¬ pated in common with others. piviDUALLY, de-vid'-u-al-le, ad. By dividing. piviDuous, a. Dividual; divided. Divination, div-e~na'-shim, s. The act of divining; a foretelling future events, or discovering things secret or obscure, by the aid of superior -beings, or by l^^^^nauhuman means; conjectural presage; pre- ' tU^nadon who pretends to ' mvinatory, de-uiV-iz-^Mr-c, a. Professing divination. Divine, de-vtn^, a. Pertaining to or paitaking of the nature of the true God; godlike, heavenly, holy, sacred, or superhuman; proceeding from God; ex- ccUent in the highest degree; extraordinary; ap¬ parently above what is human; appropriated to God, or celebrating his praise; jprescient; presageful; presaging* - s. A minister of tho gospel; a priest; a clergyman. a man skilled m divinity; a theologian!, d^c^lare beforehanS; to foretell, /tfe^re ■ ■^to comprehend or con- — v.n. To use or practise divination; to utter presaaes or prognostications, to have presages or forebodings; tc guess or coniecture. DiviNELT, de-VDie'-le, ad. In a divine or godlike ^ manner; m a manner resembling deity; excellentlv. de-vin^-nes, s. Divinity; participation 'legree nature; excellence in the supreme Diviner, g. One who professes divination, or pretends predict events, or to reveal occult tilings, by the aid of superior beings, or of super- liatural means; one who guesses; a coniecturer. Divineress, de-y%’-ner-es, s. A female diviner: a woman professing divination. or a. Plunging or sinking into water or other liquid; going deep into a subject. Diving-bell, di'-ving-hel, s. A hollow vessel, in form of a truncated cone or pyramid, with the upper part close, and the lower part open, in which a person may descend into deep water, and be supplied with air by means of an air-pump through a flexible tube. It is very useful in the operations of clean¬ ing the bottoms of harbours, collecting, sunken materials, &c. Diving-dress, di'^ving-dres, s. A water-proof helmet and clothing, supphed with air for submarine opera¬ tions. Diving-stone, di'-ving-stoiie, s. A species of jasper. DiyiNiFiED, de-vin'-e-Jide, a. Participating of the d vine nature. Div7xing-rod, de-vi'-7iing-iod, s. A rod commonly of hazel, with forked branches, used by those who pretend to discover water or metals under ground. Divinity, de-vin'-e-te, s. Theology; the state of being divine; Deity; Godhead; the nature or essence of God; the Supreme Being; a false god; a pretended deity of pagans; the science of divine things, which unfolds the character of God, his laws, and moral government, the duties of man, and the way of sal vation. Divinize, t div’-e-nize, v.a. To make divine; to deify. Divisibility, de-viz-e-biV-e-te, s. The quality of being divisible; the property of bodies by wliich their parts or component particles are capable of separation. Divisible, de-viz'-e-hl, a. Capable of division; that may be separated or disunited; separable. Divisibleness, de-viz'^e-bl-nes, s. divisibility; capa¬ city of being separated. Divisibly, de-viz'-e-ble, ad. In a divisible manner. Division, de-vizht^un, s. The act of dividing or separat¬ ing into parts any entire body; the state of being divided; that which divides or separates ; that which keejis apart; the part separated from the rest by a partition or line, real or imaginary; a separate body of men, the portion of an army, including infantry, cavalry, and artillerj^, and commanded bv a general officer; a part or distinct portion ; a part of an army or militia; a part of a fleet, or a select number of ships under a commander, and distinguished by a particular flag or pendant; a state of opposition or contrariety ; space oetween the notes of music, or the dividing of the tones: the singing or playing a coui-se of notes of tliis kind is called running a divisioti; the separation of voters in a legislative house; compart¬ ment; section; difference; variance or disunion.— In arithmetic, the dividing of a number or quantity into any part assigned, or the rule by which is found how many times one number or quantity is contained in another. Divisional, de-vizh'~un-al, 1 a. Pertaining to di- Divisionary, j vision; noting or making division. Divisioner, de-vizN-un-er, s. One who divides. Divisive, a. Foimingd-ivision or distribution creating division or discord. Divisor, de-vi'-ztir, s. In arithmetic, the number by which the dividend is divided. Divorce, de-v6rse% s. A legal dissolution of the bonds of matrimony, or the separation of husband and wife by judicial sentence; separation; disunion of tilings closely united; the sentence or writing by which marriage is dissolved.—In 1857, the law of “Divorce and Matrimonial Causes” underwent some important changes. The old decrees of the ecclesiastical coui'ts, a mensa et thoro, are now at an end ; but a sentence of “judicial separation ” may be obtained, either by the husband or wife, on the ground of adultery, cnielty, or causeless desertion for two yeai’s ana upwards. 'Wives deserted by their husbands may at any time obtain an order to protect property earned by themselves; and an absolute dissolution of marriage may be obtained in the Court of Divorce on the crime of adultery being legally proved. — v.a. To dissolve the marriage contract, and thus to separate husband and wife; to separate or disunite things closely connected ; to force asunder; to take away; to put away. Divorceable, de-vQrs^-ii-bl, a. That can be divorced. Divorced, de-v6rsf, pp. or a. Separated by a dissolu¬ tion of the marriage contract; forced asunder. Divorcee, de-vord-se, s. A person divorced. Divorceless, de-vorse'-les, a. Destitute of divorce; that cannot be divorced. DIVOECEMENT [ 299 ] DOOUMEETAEY Divorcement, 8. Divorce; dissolution of the marriage tie. Divorcer, de-vore'~ser, 8. The person or cause that pro¬ duces divorce. Divorcive, de-vore'-siv, a. Having power to divorce. Divoto, de-vo'-to, s. (Ital.) In mtisic, a term signifying that the piece before which it is written is to be per¬ formed in a grave or solemn style. Divulgate, $ de-vxd'-gate, a. Published. Divulgation de-vul~ga!-shun^ s. The act of divulging or publishing. Divulge, de-rndf^ v.a. To make public; to discover, reveal, or impaA; to tell or make known something before private or secret; to declare by a public act; to proclaim.. Divulged, de-vulj'd, pp. Made public, or revealed. Divulgbr, de-viil'-jer, s. One who divulges or reveals. Divulsion, de-vul'-shun, s. The act of pulling or pluck¬ ing away; a rending asunder. Divulsive, de-vuV-siVi a. That pulls asunder ; that rends. Dizen,+ diz'Uf v.a. To dress gaily; to deck. Dizz,t diz- v.a. To astonish; to puzzle; to make dizzy. Dizzard,$ diz'-zard, s. A blockhead. Dizziness, dtz'-ze-nfs, 8. Giddiness; a whirling in the head; vertigo. t>izzY, diz'-ze, a. Giddy ; having a sensation of whirl¬ ing in the head, with instability or proneness to fall; vertiginous; causing giddiness; thoughtless; heed- — v.a. To whirl round; to make ^iddy; to confuse.^ Dizzying, diz'-ze-mg, a. Whirling round; making dizzy. Do, rfoo, v.a. or auxiliary; pret. did; pp. done. To perform; to execute; to carry into effect; to bring to pass; to practise; to perforin for the benefit or mjury of another; to discharge; to convey; to ob¬ serve ; to exert; to put forth; to transact; to finish ; to execute or transact and bring to a conclusion; to accomplish; to achieve; to perform in an exigency; to have recourse to, as a consequential or last effort; to take a step or measure; to answer the purpose; $ to make or cause; to put.— To have to do, to have con¬ cern with.— To do with, to dispose of; to make use of; to employ; as, what shall I do with him? Also, to gain; to effect by influence; to have business; to de^.—To do away, to remove; to destroy; as, to do away imperfections. — v.n. To act or behave in any manner, well or ill; to conduct one’s self; to fare; to be in a state with re¬ gard to sickness or health; to succeed; to accomplish a purpose; to fit; to be adapted; to answer the design in view.— To have to do with, to have concern or business with; to deal with; to have carnal com¬ merce with.—Do is used for a verb, to save the repeti¬ tion of it; it is also used in the imperative, to express an urgent request or command. As an auxiliary, do is used in asking questions; it is also used to express emphasis. rocENT,$ d&sent, a. Teaching. Docibilitt, do-se-hiV-e-te,\s. Teachableness; docility, Docibleness, do'-se-hl-nes, j readiness to learn. Docible, do'-se-bl, a. Teachable; docile; tractable; easily taught or managed. Docile, d(/-sile or dos'-il, a. Easily instructed; ready to learn; easily managed; teachable, tractable, or pliant. Docility, do-iiV-e-te, s. Teachableness; readiness to learn ; aptaess to be taught. Docimacy, dos'-e-tnci-se, s. The art or practice of as¬ saying ores or metals; metallurgy. Docimastic, dos-e-nias''tik, a. Assaying, proving by experiments, or relating to the assaying of ores or metals. Docimology, dos-e-moV^o-je, s. A treatise on the art of assaying or examining in metallurgy, chemistry, &c. Dock, dok, v.a. To cut off, as the end of a thing; to curtail; to cut short; to clip; to destroy or defeat; to bar; to bring, draw, or place a ship or any vessel in a dock. — 8. A broad, deep trench on the side of a harbour, or bank of a river, in which ships are built or repaired; an artificial inclosure or basin for the reception of ihiigs.—Dockyard is a yard or magazine, near a har¬ bour, for containing all kinds or naval stores and timber.— Dock-master is the name of the superinten¬ dent of the docks.—Trei-doefts are used for the pur¬ pose of loading and unloading vessels, and 2)ry-dockt for building and repairing them.—A Naval dock is a place provided with all sorts of stores and materials for the royal navy.—A dock company is a corporate body or association owning docks.—DocA; charges are certain dues payable on vessels and g»^.>ds entering or leaving the docks.—The place where a criminal stands in court; the tail of a beast cut short or clipped ; the stump of a tail; the solid part of the tail; a common large-leafed weed, of the genus Rumex. Dock-cresses, dok-kres^-scs, s. The common name of the plant Lapsana herba, or Nipplewort. Docket, dok'-et, s. A small piece of paper or parch¬ ment, containing the heads of a wriung; a subscrip¬ tion at the foot of letters patent, by the clerk of the dockets; a bill tied to goods, containing some direc¬ tion ; an alphabetical list of cases in a court, or a catalogue of the names of the parties who have suits depending in a court.—Jo strike a docket, is an old term used for entering a declaration of bankruptcy against a debtor. — v.a. To make an abstract or summary of the heads of a writing or writings ; to abstract and enter in a book ; to enter in a docket; to mark the contents of papers on the back of them. Docking, dok'-ing, s. The act of drawing, as a ship, into a dock. Doctor, dok'-Uir, s. A teacher ; one who has passed all the degrees of a faculty, and is empowereii to prac¬ tise and teach it, as a doctor in divinity, in physic, in law ; or, according to modern usage, a peraon who has received the highest degree in a faculty; a learned man ; a man skilled in a profession ; a man of erudi¬ tion ; a physician; one whose occupation is to cure diseases.—In machine printing, the name of the reser¬ voir or duct which contains the ink, which is con¬ veyed to the inking cylinders.—Doctors’ Commons, the college of civilians in London. It is here that wills are proved and administration is taken out, under the direction of the Prerogative Court of Canterbui’y — v.a. To apply medicines for the cure of diseases. {Vulgar.) — v.n. To practise physic. {Vulgar.) Doctoral, dok'-tur-al, a. Delating to the degree of a doctor. Doctorally, dok'-tur-al-le, ad. In the manner of a doctor. Doctorate, dok'-tur-ate, s. The degree of a doctor. — v.a. To make a doctor by conferring a degree. Doctoring, dok'-tur-ing, s. A term applied to the adul¬ teration of liquors, and other articles of domestic con¬ sumption. Doctorly, dok'-tur-le, a. Like a learned man. Doctorship, dok'-tur-ship, s. The degree or rank of a doctor. DocTREss,doft'-fm, . »_. . Doctoress, dok'-tur-es, j ^ female physician. Doctrinaire, dok'-tre-nare, s. A theorist; one fond of new systems. Doctrinal, dok'-trin-al, a. Pertaining to doctrine, containing a doctrine, orsometliing taught; pertain¬ ing to the act or means of teaching. — 8. Something that is a part of doctrine. Doctrinally, dok'-trin-al-le, ad. In the form of doc¬ trine or instruction; by way of teaching or positive direction. Doctrinarianism, doc-tre-7ia'-re-an-izm, s. The prim cijfies of the doctrinaires. Doctrine, dok'-trin, s. Whatever is taught; a prin¬ ciple or position in any science; whatever is laid down as true by an instructor or master; dogma; tenet; the act of teaching; learning; knowledge; the truths of the gospel in general; instruction and con¬ firmation in the truths of the gospel. Document, dok'-u-ment, s. Written instruction, evi¬ dence^ or proof; any official or authoritative paper containing instructions or proof, for information and the establishment of facte; tinstruction, precept, or authoritative dogma. — v.a. To furnish with documents, instructions, and proofs, or with papers necessary to establish facte; to teach; to instruct; to direct. Documental, dok-u-men'-tal, a. Pertaining to instruc¬ tion or to documents; consisting in or derived fiom documents. Documentary, dok-u-men'-th-re, a. Pertaining to wiitten evidence; consisting in documents. DODD [ 300 ] DO&MATIZB Dodd, dody v.a. To cut the wool from the tails of sheep. Dodded, dod'-ded, a. "Without homs, as applied to sheep. Dodder, dod'-der, 8. A leafless parasitic plant of the genus cuscuta, haring thread-shaped stems, often found on flax. Doddered^ dod'-derdy&. Overgrown with dodder; co¬ vered with supercrescent plants. D 0 DECA.DA.CTTLU 8 , do-dek-d-dak'-te-luSj 8. The Greek name of the duodenum. Dodecagon, do-dek'-d-jon, b. A regular figure or poly¬ gon. having twelve equal sides and angles. Dodecagynia, do-dek-d-Jin'-e-d. s. In botany j the name of an order of plants having twelve styles. Dodecagynian, do-cfe^-d-iin'-yan, 1 a. In botany, hav- Dodecagynous, do-de-kaf-e-mis, j ing twelve styles. Dodecahedral, do-dek^d-he'-dral, a. Pertaining to a dodecahedron; consisting of twelve equal sides. Dodecahedron, do~dek-d-he'-dron, s. A regular solid contained under twelve equal and regular pentagons, or having twelve equal bases. Dodecandria, do-de-kan'-dre-d, s. In botany, the name of a class of plants having twelve stamens, or from twelve to nineteen. Dodecandrian, do‘de-kan'-dre~a7i, ) a. Pertaining to Dodecandrous. do-de-kan'-drn$, / the plants or class of plants that have twelve stamens, or from twelve to nineteen. Dodecapetalous, do-de-kd-pet'~d-lu$, a. Having twelve petals. Dodecastyle, do-dek'-d~style, 8. In archil., a building that has twelve columns in front or on one side. Dodecatemorion,-^ do-dek-d~te-mo''re-un, s. A twelfth part. Dodecatbmory, do-dek-d-tem'-ur-e, s. A denomination sometimes given to each of the twelve signs of the zodiac. Dodge, dodj, v.n. To start suddenly aside; to shift place by a sudden start; to play tricks; to be evasive; to use tergiversation ; to play fast and loose; to raise expectations and disappoint them; to quibble, — v.a. To evade by a sudden shift of place; to escape by starting aside. — 8. A trick; an artifice; an evasion. {Colloq.) Dodger, dod'-jer, s. One who dodges or evades. Doi>K.iN,t dodf-kin, s. A little doit; a small coin. Dodman, dod'-man, s. A cmstaceous fish. Dodo, do'-do, 8. The Monk-swan, a genus of large birds enerally supposed to be extinct, said to have in- abited Madagascar and some other parts of the East. Dodoni AN, do-do’-ne-aii, a. An epithet applied by classical writers to Jupiter, who was worshipped in the temple of Dodona, where he had a famous oracle. Doe, do, s. A she-deer; the female of the fallow-deer, the male being called a buck. Doe,4; doo, 8. A feat. Doer, doo'-er, s. One who does; one who performs or executes; an actor; an agent; one who performs what is required; one who observes, keeps, or obeys in practice. Does, duz. The third person singular of the verb do, indicative mood, present tense. Doeskin, do’-skin, s. The skin of a doe; woollen for trousers; a compact twilled cloth'for pantaloons. Doff, dof , v.a. To put off, as dress ; to strip or divest; to put or thrust away; to get rid of; to put off; to shift off, with a view to delay. Doffer^ dof'-fer, s. A revolving cylinder in a carding- machine, which or strips off, the cotton from the cards. Dog, dog, 9 . A species of quadrupeds, belonging to the genus cayiis, of many varieties, as the mastiff, the hound, the spaniel, the shepherd’s dog, the terrier, the harrier, the bloodhound, &c.—It is used for male, when applied to several other animals, as & dog-fox. —A term of reproach or contempt given to a man ; a constellation called Sirius, or Canicula. —An iron hook or bar with a sharp fang, which can be driven into a stick of timber to draw it in water by a rope; an iron used by sawyers to fasten a log of timber in a saw-pit, — To give or throio to the dogs is to throw away as use¬ less.— To go to the dogs is to be ruined. — v.a. To hunt; to follow insidiously or indefatigably; to follow close; to urge; to woiTy with importunity. Dog-bane, dog'-hane, s. A plant. Ooo-h-E.LT, dog'-belt, 8- A belt used by those who draw in mines. Doo-berri, do^-ber-re, s. The berry of the dog-woou. Dog-biscuit, dog-bi^-ket, s. Coarse waste or brokcQ biscuits, sold for feeding dogs. 'Doo-’ho-LT, dog'-holt, s. A word of contempt, sometimes personally applied. Dogbramble-qooseberry, dog-brani'bl-goos'-ber-re, s. The popular name of the Mibes cynosbati, a native of Canada. Dog-brier, dog'-bri-er, 8. The brier that bears the liip; rosa canina. Dog-cart, dog'-kdrt, 8. A sporting carriage, with a box for carrying pointers; a light jaunting car. Dog-cheap, aog'-tcheep, a. Cheap as dog’s-meat or offal; veiy cheap. Dog-days, aog'-days, s. The name given to certain days of the year, during which the summer heat is the greatest; the dog-days commence the latter part of July, and end the beginning of September. Doge, doje, s. (Itul.) The ancient name of the chief magistrates of Venice and Genoa. Dogeate, do'-jate, s. The dignity or office of a doge. Dog-fancier, dog'-fan'-se-er, s. One who has a taste for dogs, and keeps them for sale. Dog-fish, dog'-fish, s. A species of shark, the ScylHum catulus, which is caught on the North American coasts, for the sake of the oil which their livers yield, and also for their rougli skins, which are used for polishing wood and other substances. Dog-fly, dog'-fii, s. A voracious, biting fly. Dog-fox, dog'-fox, s. The male of the fox. Doggar, dog'-gar, s. A coarse iron-stone. Dogged, dog'd, pp. Pursued closely; urged frequently and importunately. — a. Sullen, sour, or morose. Doggedly, dog'-ged-le, ad. Sullenly, gloomily, or mo¬ rosely ; with obstinate resolution. Doggedness, dog'-ged-nes, s. Sullenness; moroseness. Dogger, dog'-ger, s. A Dutch fishing vessel, used in the German ocean, particularly in the herring fishery. Doggerel, dog'-ger-el, a. An epithet given to a kind of loose, irregular measure in burlesque poetry, like that of Hudibras. — s. A loose, irregular kind of poetry. Doggerman, dog'-ger-mati, s. A sailor belonging to a dogger. Doggers, dog'-pers, s. In English alum-works, a sort of stone found in the mines ivith the true alum-rock. Doggish, dog'-gish, a. Like a dog ; churlish or brutal. Doggishness, dog'-gish-nes, s. The quality of being doggish. Dog-gr.^ss, do^-ai'as, s. Couch-grass, Triticum repens. Dog-hearted, aog'-hdr-ted, a. Cruel; pitiless; mali¬ cious. Dog-hole, dorf-bole, s A place fit only for dogs. Dog-house, aog'-hous, s. A kennel for dogs. Dog-keeper, dog'-keep-er, s. One who has the manage ment of dogs. Dog-kennel, dog'-ken-nel, s. A kennel or hut for dogs. Dog-iatin, aog-lat'-in, s. Barbarous Latin. Dog-leach, dog'-leetch, s. A dog-doctor. Doo-lousb, dog'-lous, s. An insect that is found on dogs. Dogly,-!- dog^-le, a. Like a dog. Dogma, s. A settled opinion, or positive as¬ sertion without foundation; a principle, maxim, or tenet; a doctrinal notion, particularly in matters of faith and philosophy. Dog-mad, dog'-maa, a. Mad as a dog. Doqujltic, dog-^naf-ik, la. Pertainingtoadogma, Dogmatical, dog-mat'-e-kal, | or to settled opinion ; positive, dictatorial, or authoritative; asserting or dis¬ posed to assert with authority, or with overbearing and arrogance. Dogmatic, dog-mat'-ik, s. One of a sect of physicians, called, also, dogmatists, in contradistinction to em¬ pirics and methodists. Dogmatically, dog-mat'-e-kal-le, ad. Positively ; in a magisterial manner; arrogantly. Dogmaticalness, dog-maif-e-kal-nes, s. The quality of being dogmatical ; positiveness. Dogmatics, dog-mat'-iks, s. D^-ctrinal theology; a tens used by German winters. Dogmatism, dog'-mh-tiz7n, s. Positive assertion * arro¬ gance; positiveness in opinion. Dogmatist, dog'-md-tist, s. A positive asserter ; a dia- gistcrial teacher; a hold or arrogant advancer cf principles. Dogmatize, v.n. To assert positively: Ve DOG-MATIZER [ 301 ] DOM-BOO teach with bold and undue confidence; to advance with arrogance. , _ _ Dogmatiber, dog'-mfi-ti-zer^ 8. One who dogmatizes ^ a bold asserter, a magisterial teacher. OoQMATORYjt dog"-ind-tiiT-e, a. Dogmatical. Dog-rose, dog'-roze^ 8. The vulgar name of the common wild rose, Bosa canina. Dog’s-BANE, dogz'-bane, s. A popular name of several poisonous plants. Doo’s-cabbage, dogz'-Jcab-boje, 8. The common name of the plant Thelygonum cynocrarnbe, of the order TIrticece. . . , , Dog’s-ear, dogz'-eavy 8. The comer of a leaf m a hook turned down like the ear of a dog. Dog’s-fennel, dogz'-fen-nel^ s. A plant or weed, some¬ times called Corn-camomile. Dog-ship, dog'-ship, s. The quality of a dog; curship. Dog-shores, dog'-shores, s.pl. Pieces of wood fitted to the upper end of the bilgeways on a buildnig slip, which are knocked away to facilitate the sliding or launching of a vessel. Dog-sicx, a. Sick as a dog. Dog-skin, do^-skin^B- Globes, &c. made of the skin of a dog. Dog-sleep, dog'-sleep, 8. Pretended sleeib like that of a watch-dog. ^ ^ ^ - Dog’s-meat, dogz'-nieet, s. Refuse; offal; meat for Dog^-merctjrv, s. A poisonous plant very common in our hedges, Mercuriahs communis. Dog’s-poison, dogz-poi'z7i, s. A name of the common Pool’s-parsley, Ethusa cytiapium. ^ DoQ's-'RVEfdogz'-retOfS. A plant, a species of Scrophu- laria. Dog’s-tail-grass, dogz'-tale-gras, s. The common name of the Cynourus, of the order Graminace^. Dog-star, dog'-star, s. A star of the fii’st magnitude, known as Sh’ius, whose rising and setting with the sun give name to the dog-days. Dog-stones, dog'-stones, s. A plant, fool-stones, a species j of Orchis. Doq’s-tongue, 8. A plant; hound’s-tongue. Dog-tooth, s., pi. Dog-teeth. Asharp-pointed human tooth growing between the iore-teeth and grinders, and resembling a dog’s tooth; also called an eye-tooth. . , ^ ^ ^ * Dog-trick, dog'-trik, s. A currish trick; brutal treat¬ ment. ' ^ ^ Dog-trot, dog'-trot, 8. A gentle trot, like that of a dog. Dog-vane, dog'-vane, s. Among seamen, a small vane composed of thread, cork, and feathers. Dog-violet, dog-vi'-o-let, s. A species of violet, common in hedges and heathy groimds, the Viola canina. Dog-watch, dog'-wotch, s. Among seamen^ a watch of two hours. The dog-xoatches are two reliefe between 4 and 8 o’clock p.ra. Dog-wearv, dog'-we-re, a. Quite tired; much fatigued. Dog-WHELK, dog'-xcelk, s. A species of univalve shell, the Nassa reticulata, very common on the English coast. , Dog-wood, rio^'-tfood, 8. A common name of dinerent species of the coritus, or cornelian cherry. Dohl, dole, 8. A species of foreign pulse resembling dried peas. Doily, 5oy'-Ze, 8.- A small napkin, generally coloured, used with fruit and wine. Doings, doo'-ings, s.pl. Things donej transactions; feats; actions, good or bad; behaviour; conduct; stir; bustle. „ ^ VoiT, doit, &. A small piece of money; a small Dutch copper coin worth about half a farthing; also, a similar small coin once used in Scotland; a trifie; hence the phrase, I care not a doit. Dolabriform, do-lab'-re~fawrm, a.. In 6o^., having the form of an axe or hatchet. Dolcb, dol'-tche, \ (Ital.) In music, a di- Dolcemente, dol-iche-men'-te, j rection to sing with a soft sound. DoLE,doie, s. That which is dealt or distributed; a part, share, or portion; that which is given in charity; gratuity; blows dealt out; a void space left in Ullage {iocal); $^ief; sorrow; a boundary. — v.a. To deal; to distribute. Doleful, dole'-jul, a. Expressing grief; afflicted; feeling grief; impressing or producing sorrow; piteous, rueful, sorrowful, or melancholy. Dolefully, ad. In a doleful manner; sor- xowfuUy. Dolefulness, dole'-ful-ness, s. Sorrowi melancholy, querulousness. Dolent,$ do'-lent, a. Sorrowful. Dolerite, dol'-e-rite, s. A variety of trap-rock, com posed or augite and Labradorite. Dolesome, tioZe'-swm, a. Gloomy; dismal; sorrowful. Dolesomely, dole'-sum-le, ad. In a dolesome manner. Dolesomeness, dole'-sutn-nes, s. Gloom; dismalness. Do-little, doo-lit'tl, s. A term of contempt for one who professes much, and performs little. Dolium, dr its sui’prising changes of colour when expiring.—lu ancient Greece, a machine suspended over the sea, to be dropped on any vessel.—In nautical affairs, the dolphin of the mast is a particular kind of wreath, formed of plaited cordage, intended to sustain the weight of tne fore and main yards.—In gunnery, the handles of brass guns and mortars.—The dolphin is also a spar or buoy fastened tr> an anchor, to which an iron ring is usually attached, to enable vessels to ride by it. It is also the name oi a rnooring-post plactsi at the entrance of a dock or along a quay or wharf. Dolphinet, doL'-jin-et, s. a female dolphin. Dolphin-fly, dol'-fin-Jii, s. An insect of the Aphi> tribe, which is very destructive to beans. Dolt, doalt, s. A heavy, stupid fellow; a blockhead, u thick-skull. _v.n. To waste time foolishly; to behave foolishly. Doltish, doal'-tish, a. Dull in intellect; stupid. Doltishly, doal'-tish-le, ad. In a doltish manner. Doltishness, doal'-tish-nes, s. Stupidity. Dom, dom^ used as a tennmation, denotes jurisdiction, condition, or quality, &s freedom. Domable, dom'-d-bl, a. That may be tamed. Domain, do-mane^, s. Dominion; empire, territory governed, or under the government of a sovereign ; possession; estate; the land about the manrion- house of a lord, and in his immediate occupancy, thus coinciding with demesne. . . Domal, do'-mal, a. An astrological term pertaining to a house. ^ . Domanial, do-ma' ne-al, a. Relatmg to domams o5 lauded estates. ^ i. • *., Dom-boc, dom'-hok, 8. A book of statutes, wherein t.4 laws of the ancient Saxon kings were contained. DOME [ 302 ] DONOR ^ semi-sphericaj roof, raised over the niiddle of an edifice ; a cupola ; poetically appUed to a noble fabric, as a temple, cathedral, «ftc.—In chemis¬ try, the upper part of a funiace, resembling a hollow hemisphere, or small dome. Dome-shaped, a. Shaped like a dome Domed, dome'd , a. . Furnished with a dome. wOMBSDAv, domes'-da, s. See Doomsday. Domesman,! domes'-man, s. A judge; an umpire. Domestic, do-mes'-tik, s.^ One who lives in the family 01 another, as an assistant for hire; a servant or hired labourer, residing with a family. Domestic, do-mey-y* j a. Belonging to the house Domestical, do-me^-Hk-al, j or home; remaining much ™ “ retirement i living near the habitations of man; tame; not wild; pertaining to a nation considered as a family, or to one’s own country; not foreign; made in one’s own house, nation, or country. ’ Domestically, ad. In relation to domestic affaii’s. Domesticant. do-nf^i'-te-kant, a. Porming part of tlie same family. -jr Domesticate, do-vics'-te-kate, v.a. To make domestic; to retire from the public; to remain much at homo: to m^e feimhar, as if at home; to accustom to live near the habitations of man; to tame. Domesticated, do-mes'-te-ka-ted, pp. or a. Made do¬ mestic; accustomed to remain at home. Domestication, do-nies-te-ka'-sh7m, 8. The ac* of with¬ drawing from the pubUc notice, and living much aninmls^ * taming, or reclaiming wild UoMESTiciTT do-mes-tis'-e-te, s. State of being domestic. s pl. Domestic or household affairs; in the United States, cotton goods of Ame¬ rican manufacture. Domett dom'-ef b. A plain cloth, of which the warp IS cotton, and the weft woollen. ‘ ^°fke^a’^^me'”''’*"*’ or shapeil Domicile, dom'-e-seel, s. An abode or mansion; a place of penitent residence, either of an individual is sometimes used to denote the length of residence requti-ed by the law of some counties for the purpose of founding jurisdiction ir civU actions. Domicile, dom'-e-seel, 1 v.a. To establish a Domiciliate, -e-ate, j fixed residence, or a residence that constitutes habitancy. Domiciled, rfow'-e-sdcW i pp. Having gained j a permanent resi- Domiciliary, (iom-c-str-e-fl-re, a. Pertaining to an vTbode, or the residence of a person, or family —A rfomtct?tflry visit is a visit toaprivatedwemng,par- ri^ of law^ ^ Purpose of searching it under autho- Domiciliation, s. Permanent re¬ sidence, inhabitancy. ticut le astrology, to ^vide the heavens into twelve houses, in order to form a horoscope. i-u Dominance, rfom-e-jmrii, ) g. Ascendancy; autho- rity, rule, or predomi- Dominant, dom’-e-nant, a. Haying the rule or as- fn predominant or in the a^endant; prevailing.—In music, the domina^it which is practised on the dominant^ the tone, and which introduces a perfect cadence ; thi^, if the key be.C, the dominant is a ^austc, of the three notes essential to the tonic^^^ IS that which is a fifth from the Dominate, dom'-e-nate, v.a. To rule; to govern • to prevail, to predominate over. ” ’ ^ — v.n To predominate. Domination, dom-e-?ta'-shun, s. The exercise of power in ruling; dominion; government; arbitrary autho¬ rity ; tyraimy.—In theological poetry, the fourth order of angelic bem^. Dominativb, dowi-e-nd-^iv, a. Governing; imperious DoMiNAToa, dom'-e-nh-tur, s. A niler or ruling power • goveraor""” power; an afcolute (ioMiNa,rfn«u'.4.«e,fi. A schoolmaster a pedagogue. Domineer, dom'-e-neer, v.n. To rule over with in¬ solence or arbitrary sway; to bluster; to hector; tcBLB-DBALrNG, def-liug, 3, Deceitful practice; the profession of one thing and nractire ai mm^er; duplicity, dishonesty, dissimulation, oj Doubi.£-dye, dub'bl-di, v.a. To dye twice over. Double-edged, dub'bl-edjd, a. Ha'V’lng two edges. Double-entenbre, doo'hl-ang-tang'dr s. fFr.f Donhlo meaning of a word or expression. Double-entry, dub'bl-en'-tre, s. “*’.**'■*> o. A mode of book¬ keeping in which every transaction is entered under two ^tinct heads and forms, for the purpose of u’ore readily balancing the accounts. Double-eyed, duUbl-ide, a. Having a deceitfolcoun- vcnance. Dol^le-face, dub'bl-fase, s. Duplicity: tie acting of different parts in the same concern. Double-faced, duiybl-fayst, a. Deceitful : hypocri¬ tical; showing two faces. Double-flowered, dub'bl-Jioit'-erd, a. Noting plants in which the stamens and pistils are transformed into petals. Double-flowerino, dub'bl-Jlour’-ing, a. The traus- tormation of stamens and pistils into petals. Double-formed, dub'bl-fawrnid, a. Of a mixed 10^ Double-fortified, dub'bl-fawr^-te-Jide, a. ’Twice for¬ tified ; doubly strengthened. Double-founted, dub'bl-fown'-ted, a. Havlna two sources. s ."u Doym-E-FRONTED, dub’bl-frwit'-ed, a. Having a double Double-gild, dub'bl-gild, v.a. To gild with double colouring. Double-handed, duVbl-hand'-ed, a. Havlna two hands; deceitful. ® ^ Double-headed, dub'bl-hed'-ded, a. Having’ two heads having the flowers growing one to another. * Double-hearted, diib'bl-hiii-'-ted, a. Having a fnlcA heart; deceitful: treacherous. “ Double-lock, dub'bl-lok, v.a. To shoot the bolt twice to fasten wutb double security. * Double-manned, dvh'bl-mannd, a. Dumisbed with twice the complement of men. Double-meanino. dulfbl-mel-ning, a. Havina two meanings. ....b ."o Double-minded, dub'bl-mind'-e"- , a. Having different mmds at difiFerent times; 'ibsettled, wavering or undetermined. “*6. u. Double-mouthed, dub'bl-momAd , a. Havina two mouths. s .uo Double-natured, dtiVbl-na’-tchurd, k. Having a two¬ fold nature. ^dupiSty“'f 'irsing doubled, Double-pica, dub'bl-pi'-ka, s. The name of a Iar»e printing type, double the size of small pica, and one size larger than paragon. Double-plea, diib'bl-pie, s. In law, a plea in which the defendant alleges two different matters in bar of the action. Double-quarrel, duVU-kw'dr'-il, s. A Complaint of a clerk to the archbishop against an inferior ordinary for delay of justice. ■’ ’ Doubler, dw&'-Ze)', s. One that doubles ; an instrument for creaung a very small quantity of electricity. Double-shade, dub'bl-shadc, v.a. To double the natui’al dai-kness of a place. Double-shining, dub'hl-shi'-ning, a. Shining with double lustre. Double-star, duVbl-stdr, s. A star which usually an- sfeu-? telescope is resolved into tivo Doublet, dtib’-let, a. The inner garment of a man - a waistcoat or vest; a kind of netted silk ; two; a pair —Among lapidaries, a couiiterielt stone compo.sed of two pieces of ci-ystal, ivith a colour between them Docele-thhea ED, dub'bl-thnd'-cd, a. Consisting of two threads twisted together. Double-tongued, dub'bl-tungd’ , a. Making contr-’rv declarations on the same subject at ditt'er’enttimes'- deceitful. ' Double-tongueing, dub'bl-tung'-ing, s. A term used by flute performers to signify that action of the tongue against the roof of the mouth by which the inost brUIiant notes are produced of which the flute' is capable. DoLtLETS, aub'-iets, s. A game on dice witliiii tablet the same number on both dice; a double meaning ' ’ Doubling, dub’-ling, s. The act of making doubiu a fold or plait; an artilice.—In navigation, the act o." DOUBLOON [ 305 ] DOWN-BEAK sailing round a cape or promontory.—In hunting, the tui’ning or winding of a hare or fox, to deceive the hounds. , „ , Dodbloon, dw6-ioon', s. A Spanish and South American gold coin, which weighs 417-70 grains troy, of which 365-49 are pure; value, 64s. There are also half and QU' .-ter doubloons, of propoi^ionate value. Doobly, dub'-le, ad. In twice the quantity; to twice • t.li0 d.6ffr06- Doubt, on, to advance; to approach ; to gain on; to approae i in pursuit; to demand payment by an order or bill, called a draft. — To draw up, to form in regular order. Draw, 8. The acto'drawing; the lot or chance drawn; that part of a brid^-e which is either raised or drawn aside.—Draw-gear a term applied to any harness belonging to cart-hv'i*ses, for Rawing a waggon, or other carriage.—Dra v-latches is an old term for thieves. Draw ABLE, drauf-d-bl, a. That maybe drawn. Drawback, draw'-bak, s. Any loss of advantage, or deduction from profit; uey paid back or emitted to an importer on the expu nation of goods. Drawbarj draiiZ-bar, s. An i^on rod used to conneCw a locomotive with a tender. Draw-boys, s.pl. Assistants to the shawl- weavers, especially at Paisley. Draw-bridge, draw'-bridj, s. A bridge which may be raised up, let down, or drawn aside to admit or hinder conununication. Drawer, drauZ-er, 8. One who draws or pulls; one who takes water from a weU; one who draws liquors from a cask; that which draws or attracts, or has the power of attraction; he who draws a hill of exchange, or an order for the payment of money, the Draicee being the person on whom an order or hill of exchange is drawn, and who is responsible for the payment of the sum for which he gives his acceptance; a sliding box in a case or table which is drawn at pleasure_ Drawers, in the plural, a close under-garment, worn on the lower limbs. Drawing, draw’-ing, s. The act of pulling, hauling, or attracting; a representation of the appearance or figures of objects on a plain surface by means of lines and shades, as with a pencil, crayon, pen, compasses, &c., delineation; the distribution of prizes and blanl^ in a lottery. Drawing-master, draw'-ing-ma^-ter, s. One who teaches the art of drawing. Drawing-room, draw'-ing-room, s. A withdrawing- room, or room appropriated for the reception of com¬ pany; the formal reception of evening company, at a court, or by persons in high station; the company assembled in a drawing-room. Draw'l, drawl, v.a. To utter words in a slow, length¬ ened tone. — v.n. To speak with slow, prolonged utterance. — s. A lengthened and monotonous utterance of the voice. Draw-line, draw'-line, s. A contrivance for connecting railway carriages together. Drawling, drawl'-ing, ppr. or a. Uttering words slowly. Drawlinglt, drawl'-ing te. ad. In a drawling manner. Drawn, drawn, pp. of the to draw. Drawn-battle, drawn-hat'tl, 3. A little from which the combatants withdi’aw, without either side gaining the victory. Draw-net, draw'-net, s. A net for catching the larger sorts of birds, made of pack-thread, with wide meshes. Draw-plate, dravZ-plate, s. A steel plate having a gradation of conical holes, through which wires are drawn to be reduced and elongated. Draw-well, draw'-wel, s. A deep well, from which water is drawn by a long cord or pole. Drat, dra, Is. A low cart or carriage on Dray-cart, dra'-k'drt,) wheels drawn by a horse, f enerally of a strong and heavy construction, as a reiver's dray. —A dray horse is a heavy and strong kind of horse for drawing a dray.—Drayman, the man who attends the dray.— Dray-plough is a par¬ ticular kind of plough used for heavy land. Drazel, draz'zl, s. A sluttish or dii'ty-looking woman [Vulgar.) Dread, dred, s. Great fear or apprehension of evil or danger; terror, fright, or horror, fear of destruction; the cause of fear; the person or the thing dreaded. — a. Exciting great fear or apprehension; terrible, frightful; awful; venerable in the highest degree. — v.a. To fear in a great degree. — v.n. To be in CTeat fear. Dread-nought, ared’-nawt, s. A garment made ol a thick cloth with a long pile, used to keep off rain DREADABLE,t dred'-d-bl, a. That is to be dreaded. DREADED [ 809 ] DRIFT I>EEADED, dre^-ed, pp. or a. Feared. Dreader, dred'-er, 8. One who fears, or lives in Dreadful, dred’-fiil, a. Impressing great fear; formid¬ able, horrid, or frightful; inspirmg awe or venera- DkeTdfullt, dred'-ful-le, ad. Terribly; in a manner to drG&dcd. Dreadfulness, Terribleness; the qua¬ lity of being dreadful; frightfulness. ^ . A.- • Dreadless, dred'-les, a. Pearless; bold; not intimi¬ dated ; undaunted; free from fear or terror; intrepid. Dreadlessness, dred'-les-nes, s. Fearlessness; imdaunt- edness; freedom from fear or terror; boldness. Dream, dreem, 8. The thought or series of thoughts oi a pemon in sleep; a vain fancy; a wild conceit; an unfounded suspicion. . > — v.n., pret. Dreamed or Dreamt. To have ideas or images in the mind, in the state of sleep; to think; to imagine; to think idly. ^ ^ . — v.a. To see in a dream. To (twayf to waste in idle thoughts. g ^ Dreamer, dre^-mer, 8. One who dreams; a fanciful man; a Tisionary; one who forms or entertains vain schemes; a man lost in wild imagination; a mope; a sluggard. Dreamful, dreem'-ful, a. Full of dreams. Dreaminess, 1 s. The habit of dreaming Dreamery, dreew'-er-e, j or musing. Dreaminglt, dreein'-ingAej ad. Sluggishly; negli¬ gently. _ A. O Dreamless, dreem'-leB, a. Free from dreanw. Dreamlesslt, dreem'~\es-le, ad. In a di’eamless manner. Dreamt, dremt, pp. of the verb io dream. Dreamy, dre'-mej a. Full of dreams, relating to dreams. Drear,^ dre.er, 8. Dread ; dismalness. — a. Dismal; gloomy with solitude. DREARiHBAD,t dre'-re-hcd, s. Dismalness; gloominess. Drearily, dre'-re-Ze, ad. Gloomily; dismally. Dreariment,± dre'-re-nient, s. Dismalness; terror. Dreariness, dre*-re-nes, s. Dismalness; gloomy soli¬ tude. _ Dreary, dre'-re, a. Dismal; gloomy; solitai-y; sorrow¬ ful ; distressing. . , , . a. ^ Dredge, dredjy s. A drag-net for taking oysters, &c.; a mixture of oats and barley sown together — v.a. To take, catch, or gather with a dredge; to deepen with a dredging-machine; to sprinkle nour on meat while roasting. Dredged, drcdjd, pp. of the verb fo dr^dg'c. , , ^ ^ Dredger, dred'-jeT, 8. One who fishes with a dredge; a utensil for scattering flour on meat while roasting; a dredging-machine. , ^ Dredging, dre^'-ing, 8. The act of catching with a dredge, deepening with a drcdgmg-machme, or sprinkling with flour. ^ Dredging-box, di'edj'-ing-boks, s. A box used for dredg¬ ing meat. , , , . ^ Dredging-machine, dredf'-ing-ma-sheen , s. engine used to take up mud or gravel from the bottom of rivers, docks, «&c. Dree, ± dretf, v.a. To suffer. Dregginess, d/’egr'-pe-nes, 8. Fulness of dregs or lees; foulness; feculence. , a. , -a-a i Dreggish, a. Full of dregs; foul with lees; feculent. , - . Dreggy , dreg'-ge, a. Containing dregs or lees; consist¬ ing of dregs; foul; muddy; feculent. Dregs, dregs, s.pl. The sediment of liquop, lees; grounds; feculence; any foreign matter of liquors that subsides to the bottom of a vessel; waste or worthless matter; dross; sweepings; refuse; the most despicable part of the community. ^ ^ . .^a. Dreit, dreyi, is. An old law term, signifying the right Driet, dri'-et, ] of possession and right of lordship. Drench, drensh, v.a. To soak, steep, or imbrue; to wet thoroughly; to fill or cover with water or other liquid; to saturate with drink; to thoroughly wet with rain; to purge violently. — s. A draught; a swill. „ , ^ Drenched, dre^isht, pp. or a. Soaked; thoroughly wet. Drencher, drensh'-et, s. (.>ne who wets or steeps; one who gives a drench to a beast. Drenches, drens/i'-es, 1 8. An old law term for Lrenges, dren'->es, | tenants as were dispossessed or their estates at the Conquest, and afterwards restored by William the Conqueror.—Drengage was the nani« of the tenure by which the land was held. Drenching, drens/t'-in^, a. Wetting thoroughly ; soak ing. I)RENT,t dre7it, pp. Drenched. DREREji dreer, s. Dreariness ; sadness; sorrow. Dreriment,^ dref-re-nxent. s. Dreariness. Dress, dres, v.a. To attire, dothe, or robe; to rig. deck, trim, adorn, or eml/okish; to put on clothes oi rich garments; to adjust to a. light line; to put in good order; to cleanse a wound, and to apply medica¬ ments; to make suitable or fit; to curry, mb, and comb; to put the body in order, or in a suitable con¬ dition.—In military matters, to dress a company or battalion is to keep the men in such a position or order as to preserve an exact continuity of luie in the whole front.—To dress a ship is to ornament with colours on days of rejoicing. - * _v.n. To pay particular regard to dress or raiment; to arrange in a line.— Dress! is a military word of com¬ mand which is given when troops have ariived at any prescribed point of alignment, as “ Halt, dress! ” — 8. That which is used as the covering or omament of the body; apparel,clothing,vestments,garments, or habiliments; a lady’s gown; habit of ceremony, skill in adjusting dress, or the practice of wearing elegant clothing. Dressed, drest, pp. of the verb to dress. Dresser, dre^~scr, 8 . One who dresses, or is employed in putting on clothes and adorning another; one wno is employed in preparing, trimming, or adiustmg any¬ thing; a table or bench on which meat and other things are dressed or prepared for use. , , , . Dressing, dres!-i7ig,e. Raiment; attire; that which is used as an application to a wound or sore; that which is used in preparing land for a crop; manure spread overland.— In familiar la7xguage,e. flogging or beat¬ ing.—In cookery, the stuffing of fowls, pigs, &c. A term applied to gum, starch, and other articles used in stiffening or preparing silk, linen, and other fabrics. —Among type-founders, a process by which the letters after casting are adjusted for the use of the compo¬ sitor, by scraping, &c. —In architecture, dressings are mouldings round doors, windows, &c. Dressing-case, dres'-’ing-kase. 8 . A box fitted T^^th ap paratus and toilet utensils for a dressing-room. Dressing-gown, dres'-ing?-poi4’n, 8 . A light gown used bv a person wliHe dressing. Dressing-room, drtf-ing-room, s. a^ apai ^ment ap¬ propriated for dressing the person. Dressing-table, dres!-i7ig-ta'-bl, s. A toilet; a table provided with conveniences for a person’s adjusting a Dress-maker, dres-ma'-ker, 8. One who makes ladies dresses; a mantua-maker. . , Dressy, dres'-se, a. Showy in dress, wearing rich oj showy dresses. Drest, pp. of the verb fo oress. ^ Dreul,-!- drule, v.n. To emit saliva; to suffer saUya to issue and flow down from the mouth Sometimes Drib, drib, v.a. To crop or cut off; to defalcate; tc cheat by petty tricks. dIibble, drS,'bl, T.ii. To fall in drops or small di-ops, or in a quick succession of drops; to slaver, as .a c.ulu or an idiot; to fall weakly and slowly; tto want energy or vigour. - v.a. To throw down in drops. Dribblet, drih'-let, s. A smml piece or part; a small sum ; odd money in a sum. . Dribbling, drib'-ling, ppr. or a. hailing in drox>s or small ^ops. — s. A falling in drops. Dried, dride, pp. or a. Freed from moistoe or Drier, dri'-er, s. That which has the quality of drying, that which may expel or absorb moisture; a desic¬ cative; a material added to oil-paints. . j . Drift, drift, s. That which is driven by wind M water; a heap of any matter driven together^ a driving; a force Impelling or urging forward; iin pulse; overbearing power anything; main torce; anjThing driven by fotc® a shower; a number of things driven at mining, a passage cut between shaft and shaft, a passage within the earth.-In namgaUon, angle whiS tlie line of a ship's motion makes with ine nearest meridian when she drives with her side to tlie DEIFT [ SIO ] DRIZZLE d make a hole by turning an iiistru- 5?, oL’-' ‘I™"' 2“ ®*®P *“ J to draw through ; ; '® P’’ slowfy.-In a military sense, to teach and tram raw soldiers to their duty bv frequent exercise; to teach any persons by repeated exercise or repetition of acts.—In husbandry, to sow gram in rows, drills, or channels. "exercise^ gently; to muster fur pointed instrument used for boring lioles in nil tals or other hard substances, the drill-bow being a whose string is used for the purpose of ’• baboon ; the act of /w?i ‘‘'®/®J® ’?®5 ‘'"'y i stream, now a drill Austeudry, a row of grain, sowed by Lia' fi P'°'^8h. Bi ill-box IS a box containing the seed for sowing. Dnll-grubber, an agricultural im- ?mSi®S* Siibbmg up the land. Brill-harrow, a small harrow used m drill husbandry, for pulverizing wpedQ''^^/)^v;'i®®? *2? vows, and e.vtirpatin| weeds. Ipill-husbandry, the practice of sowing land uy a machine in rows. Brill-plough, a plough for sowing gram in drills. pmuou DraLLED, drilld, pp, of the verb to drill. ^®®®’'®® '“®“ ®" ®®«®" Drill-serjeant, dril'-ser-jant, s. A military non-com- missioned offleer who trains soldiers. ' driii'”®®*'’ S' The holdfast for a metal n’ PP- Dkanr or Drunk. To swallo-w liquor for quenching thirst or other purpose ™ ■‘*'1 5“® °f spirituous liquors.- To drjnA; to, to salute m drinking; to invite to drink tlie^up^® *^® "’®*^ “vet of taking ~intorht°«t,m2!^'r'v®® liquids; to receive, as a fluid lA i-Ap stomach; to suck m ; to absorb; to imbibe ■ to take m by any inlet; to hear; to see; to take in air, to mhale.—lo drink down, is toaot on by drink- mg ; to reduce or subdue.—To drink off, to drink the whole at a draught-To drink in, to &orb^ to taki or receive into any inlet.—To drink «;), to drink the vfhole.—To drink health, or to the health, a customary civility, m which a person, at taking a glass or cul cxpi esses his respect or kind wishes for another *® 2® swallowed; any fluid to be taken into the stomach; beverage ; potion. DaiNK ABLE, drink'-a-bl, a. That may be drank : fit or suitable for drink ■, potable. ’ —+ 8. A liquor that may be drank. s- State of being drink- ‘t’-'."*'/T’.®', •®”® rtMA- money, money given to buy liquor for drink.— ing-bout, a convivial revelry or drunken spree. Urinkless, drtnk'-lesj a. Destitute of drink. DRiNK-orFE^RiNG, drink'-of-ftr-tiiQ, s. A Jewish offering 01 wine, &c. ° Drip, drip, v.n. To fall in drops. — v.a. To let fall in drops. — s. AfaUing in drops, or that wlilch falls in drops the edge of a roof; the eaves. ® DRIPPING; drip/-ping, s. The fat which falls from meat in roasting ; that which falls in drops.—Drtppiuq nan IS a pan for receiving the fat which drips from meat in roastmg.—In architectxtre, dripping eaves are the lower edges of the roof of a building, ttom which the rain drops. Dripple4 drip'pl, a. "N^teak or rare. Drip-stoxe, drip'-stone, s. A familiar name for a hitermg stone. A projecting tablet or moulding over the heads of doorways, windows, &c., to tlirow off ram. ’ Drive, drtue, v.a., pret. Drove, pp. Driven. To impel or urge forward by force; to move by physical force; to comiiel or urge forward by other means than absolute physicaiforce, or by means that compel the will: to Chase; to hunt; to pursue; to impel a team of horses or oxen to move forward, and to direct their course - to impel to greater speed; to clear any place bv forcing away what is in it; to hurry on inconsider¬ ately; to distress; to straiten; to impel by the in¬ fluence of passion; to urge; to press, as an argument; to impel by moral influence; to prosecute; to keep in nndioii; to make light by motion or agitation.—To drive away, to force to a distance; to expel: to scatter. ~iodpveoJf,x,Q compel to remove from a place: to drive to^ a distance.— To drive out, to expel.— To drive a bargain, is to haggle about terms. — v.n. To be forced along; to be impelled-; to be moved py any physical force or agent; to rush and press with violence; to pass in a carriage; to aim at or tend to; to urge toward a point; to make an effort to reach or obtain; to aim a blow; to strike at with torce—in all its senses, is opposed to lead, and in all cases implies forcible or violent action. s. An excursion in a carriage for exercise or pleasure; a course on which carriages are driven • a short ride for pleasure or exercise. ’ Driver drm, v.n. To slaver; to let spittle drop or flow from the mouth, like a cliild, idiot, or dotard • to be weak or foolish; to dote. ’ — s. SaUva flowing from the mouth; t a driveller; a fool; an idiot. Driveller, driv'l-er, s. A tinflcr, or person of weak intellect; a fool or idiot. Drivelling, driv'l-ing, s. ' A course of weak, con¬ temptible action or conduct; contemptible follv. Driven, driven, pp. of the verb to drive. Driver, drt'-rer, s. One who drives; the person or thing that urges or compels anything else to move • the person who drives beasts; he who drives a carnage; one who conducts a team; a large sail occasionally set on the mizen-vard or gaff, the foot being extende^d oyer the stern by a boom; the ..* ' ' ' me UTUJ. i/iic sLbrii uy a Doom; tn' rfrircn oooni is the boom on which the driver is ex¬ tended. In machinery, that which communicates motion to something else, as a wheel; a substance in¬ terposed between the driving instrument and the thing driven. A cooper drives hoops by striking on the rtnv/>r.—A screw-driver is a common implement used by cai”penters and smiths for dilving in screws — In weaving, the driver is a piece of wood attached to a spindle, and situated in a box which impels the shuttle through the opening in the waim. rn.^TvV’o/wStomik'ica of ant, — 9. The act of impelling; tendency. Drivino-b.and, dri'-ring-band, s. The strap, belt or clSnery. '“‘tmg, turning, and carrying nia- To rain in small drops; to fall as water ftom the clouds in very fine particles, v.a. To shed in small drops or particles - s. A small rain; falling mist. Drizzling, driz'lxngy s. small di’ops. Drizzly, driz'-le^ a. particles oi snow. Drogma-n, drog'~7tian. DRoiL,t aroi7, vji. To work sluggishly or slowly; lo plot. — 3. A mope; a drone; a drudge. Droit, drooaw, s. (Fr.) Right; the law; title; fee; privilege. — a. Straight; right; a division of the troy grain used hy luoneyers. Droll, drole, a. Causing mirth or laughter; comical or diverting; merry, laughable, or ludicrous. — s. One whose occupation or practice is to raise mirth by odd tricks; a jester; a buffoon; afai'ce; something exhibited to raise mirth or sport. — v.n. To jest; to play the buffoon. — v.a. To cheat. Droller, s, A jester; a buffoon. Drollery, dro'-ler-e, s. Sportive tricks; buffoonery; comical stories; gestures, manners, or tales adapted to raise mirth; a puppet-show. Drolling, dro'-Zwm, 8. LoAVwit; buffoonery. Drollinq-ly, dro'-ting~le, ad. In a jesting manner. Drollish, dro'-lishf a. Somewhat droll. Dromedary, drwn'-e-dd-re, s. The Camelus drotne- dariiiSf or one-liuniped camel, distinguished from the Bactrian camel, which has two bunches. It isa lighter vajiety of camel, and better calculated for long journeys tlirough the arid desert. It has spread from Arabia into all the north of Africa, and a great pait of Syria. Drone, drone, s. The male of the honey-bee, which makes no honey. It is smaller than the queen bee, but larger than the working bee.—An idler; one who earns iiotiiing by industry; a humming or low sound, or the instrument of humming; the largest tube of the ziagpipe, which emits a continued deep note. — v.n. To live in idleness; to give a low, heavy, dull sound. Drone-fly, drone'-Jly, 8. A two-winged insect, resem¬ bling the drone-bee. Droning, dro’-ning, s. Dull, drivelling utterance Dronish, dr(y-nish, a. Idle, sluggish; lazy; indolent; inactive. Dronishly, dro'-7iis7i-le, ad. In a dronish manner. Dronishness, tZro'-ms/i-nes, s. State of being dronish; inactivity. Drony, un-bird is one of the names of the Pochard duck.— J)un~driver is the female of the Goosander.— Dun-Jish is the cod-fish cured in a particular manner. Dunce, dunse, s. A person of weak intellect, a dullard; a dolt; a thickskull. Duncery, fiwn'-se-re, 8. Dulness,; stupidity. DuNCiFY,t dun'-se-fi, v.a. To make stupid in intellect. Ddncish, dim'sish, a. Like a dunce; sottish. Duncishness, dun'~sish-nes,%. Doltishness; quality of a dunce. Dun-cow, dun'-how, s. A species of ray. Dundee, dun'-der, s. Lees, dregs, so called from the Spanish and cliiefiy used in Jamaica; the fermenting lees of cane-juice used in the distillation of rum. Dunder-pa.te, dun'-der-pate, s. A dunce; a dull head. Dune, dune, s. A term applied to low hills of moveable «aud on the coast of England, and other countries. Dung, dwig, s. The excrement of animals. — v.a. To maniore with dung. — Y.n. To void excrement. Dungeon, dun'-jim, s. A close prison; a deep, dark place of confinement; a subterraneous place of close confinement. — -t v.a. To coiifine in a dungeon. Dung-fork, dwig'-fawrk, s. A fork used to throw dung. Dunghill, dung'-hil, s. A heap of dung; a mean or vile abode; any mean situation or condition; 4:a term of reproach for a man meanly bom. —a. Sprung from the dunghill; mean; low; base; vile. Dunging, dung'-ing, s. Manuring land. Dungmeers, dung'-meerz, s. Pits where dung, weeds, &c., are mixed, to lie and rot together. Dungy, dung'-e, a. Full of dung; filthy; vile. Dung YARD, dung'-yard, s. A yard where dung is col¬ lected. Dunkers. dunk'-ers, s.pl. A religious sect in Pennsyl¬ vania (U.S.), who are Dniversalists, and practise abstinence and mortification under the idea of their being meritorious. Dunlin, dun’-lin, s. A bird; a species of sandpiper. Dunnage, dun'-naje, s. Fagots, boughs, or loose articles of any kind laid on the bottom of a ship to raise heavy goods above the bottom. Dunned, ditnd, pp. Dnportuned to pay a debt; urged. Dunner, dun'-ner,^. One employed in soliciting the payment of debts. Dunning, dun'-ning,^ s. The operation of curing cod¬ fish, in such a manner as to give it a peculiar colour and quality. Dunnish, dun'-nish, a. Inclined to a dun colour; somewhat dun. Dunnock, dun'-nok, s. The common hedge-sparrow. Dunny, dwn'-ne, a. Deaf; dull of apprehension. {Local^ Dunt, dunt, s. A staggering affection peculiar to yearly lamblings. {Frcvineial.) Duo, dw'-o,s. A song in two pai*ts. Duodecimal, du-o-des'-e-mal, a. Proceeding in compu¬ tation by twelves. Duodecimally, du-o~de^-e-mal-le, ad. By duodecimals. Duodecimals, au-o-des^-e-mals, s. In arithmetic, a kind of multiplication in which the denominations pro¬ ceed by twelves, chiefly applied to the calculation of square feet and inches. It is also called cross-multi- plication, Duodecimfid, du-o-de^-im-fid, a. Divided into twelve parts. Duodecimo, du-o-des'-e-mo, a. Having or consisting of twelve leaves to a sheet. — s. A book in which a sheet is folded into twelve leaves. Duodecuple, a. Consisting of twelves. Duodena, du-o-de'-na, s. The ancient law term for a jury of twelve men. Duodenum, du-o-de'-num, s. (Lat.) The first of the small intestines, immediately following the stomach, the twelve inch intestine. Duoliteral, du-o-lif-er-al, a. Consisting of two letters only; biliteral. Dup,t dup, v.a. To open ; as, to dup the door. Dupable, du’-pa-hl, a. That can be duped. Dupe, dupe, s. A person who is deceived, or one easily lead astray by his credulity. — v.a. To deceive; to trick ; to mislead by imposing on one’s credulity. Dupery, du'-pe-re, s. The act or practice of duping. Dupicho, doo'-pe-ko, s. An elastic bitumen obtained in Brazil, from the roots of the Siphonia elastica. Dupion, du'-pe-u7i, s. A double cocoon, formed by two or more silk-worms. Duple, du'-pl, a. Double.— Duple ratio is that in which the antecedent is double the consequent, as 2 to 1. Sub-duple is the reverse. —t v.a. To double. Duplex, du'-pleks, s. In botany, the term for com¬ pound.—In horology, a term applied to the retarding movement of a watch, as a dtiplex escapement. Duplicate, du'-ple-kate, a. Double; twofold.—Dup/*- cate proportion or ratio is the proportion or ratio oi squares. — s. Another corresponding to the first, or a second thing of the same kind; a copy; a transcript. —' v.a. To double; to fold. Duplicated, du'-ple-ka-ted, pp. Made double. Duplication, s. The act of doubling, the multiplication of a number by 2; a doubling; a fold.—In mathematics, the duplication of the cube is the finding the side of the cube of twice the solid contents of a cube. Duplicature, du'-ple-kd-ture, s. A doubling; a fold.— In anatomy, the fold of a membrane or vessel. Duplicity, du-pUs'-e-te, s. Double-dealing, dissimu¬ lation, or deceit; doubleness of heart or speech; the act of dissembling one’s real opinions, with a design to mislead.—In legal pleading, it is the offering of a double plea on two or more distinct matters, which ought to be avoided. Duplo, du'-plo, s. A general prefix to many scientific words, denoting two-fold. Duppeb, dup'-per, s. See Dubber. Durability, du-rii-biV-e-te, s. The power of lasting or continuing in any given state, without perishing. Durable, du'-rd-bl, a. Permanent, lasting, or firm; having the quality of lasting or continuing long in being, without perishing or wearing out. Durablenebs, du'-rd-bl-nes, s. Power of lasting; du¬ rability. Durably, ad. In a lasting manner; with long continuance. Duramen, s. (Lat.) The central layers or heart of a tree. Dura Mater, du'-ra ma'-ter, s. (Lat.) The outer mem¬ brane of the brain. It lines the cranial cavity and the vertebral canal. Durance, du'-raiise, s. Imprisonment; restraint of the person; custody of the jailer; continuance; duration I a kind of dress. Durant, du-ra7it', s. A glazed woollen stuff. Durante, s. (Lat.) In law, a term equi¬ valent to asduring life; durante minore tsiate, during min.ffity. Durate, dw-rafe', s. In mime, an epithet for a Harsh, disagreeable sound; as the B natural, on account of its hardness, wa^ormerly called B durate. Duration, s. Continuance in time; length or extension of existence; indefinitely; power of continuance; permanency. Durbar, du'i''-bar, s. An audience-room in India. Durden, t diir'-den, s. A thicket of wood in a valley. Durdum, diMr'-dwm, s. A great noise or uproar. Dure,$ dure, v.a. To last; to endure. DuREFULjt dure'-ful, a. Lasting, or of long continu¬ ance. Dureless, dure'-les, a. Not lasting; fading; transi¬ tory. Duress, du-re^^ s. Hardship; constraint; imprison¬ ment; restraint of liberty.—In law, an actual or threatened violence or restraint of a man’s person contrary to law, to compel bim to do some act; under personal restraint. During, dwiV-inp, ppr. of dure. Continuing; lasting holding on, as during Ufe. DDEITY [ 31G ] DTE I>t3aiTT,+i. Hardness; nmmess; nardness of mind; harshness. Duao, do&-ro, s. The hard dollar of exchange of Spain, worth about four shillings and twopence. L)urocs,+ du'-ru8, a. Hard. DtrnoT, du~roi’, s. A kind of figured serge, commonly worn by the lower orders, especially in the west of England. VuRRA, dur'-rd, s. A kind of millet, cultivated in North Africa. Ddrsley, dMr5''i«s^ s. Inlaw, an old term signifying blows, without moodshed or wounding. Durst, durst, pret. of dare. Duse, duse, s. A demon or evil spirit, more commonly spelt deuce; as, what the deuce is the matter? {Vulgar.) Dusk, dusk, a. Tending to darkness, or moderately dark; tending to a dark or black colour; moderately black. — s. A tending to darkness; incipient or imperfect obscurity; a middle degree between light ana dark¬ ness; twilight; tendency to a black colour; darkness of colour. —+ T .■» To make dusky. —t v.n 10 begin U) lose light or whiteness; to grow dark. Duskily, dusf-ke-le, ad. With partial darkness; with a tendency to blackness or darkness. Duskiness, dus^-ke-nes, s. Incipient or partial dark¬ ness; a slight or moderate degree of darkness or blackness. Duskish, dusk'-ish, a. Moderately dusky; partially obscure ; slightly dark or black. Duskishly, ad. Cloudily; darkly. Dubkishness, dtisA'-wA-nes, 8. Duskiness; approach to darkness. Dusky, dus'-ke, a. Partially dark or obscure; not lu¬ minous ; tending to blackness in colour; partially black; dark-coloured; not bright; gloomy; sad; in¬ tellectually clouded. Dust, dust, s. Fine, dry particles of earth or other matter, so attenuated that it may be raised and wafted by the wind, pow^der; fine earth; earth ; un¬ organized earthy matter; the grave; a low con¬ dition. — v.a. To free from dust; to brush, wipe, or sweep away dust; to sprinkle with dust; to levigate. Dust-brand, dust-brand, s. Smut. Dust-brush, dust'-hrush, s. A light feather or hair¬ brush for cleaning rooms and furniture by removing dust. Dust-cart, dusi'-kart, s. A scavenger’s cart. Dust-contractor, dust-kon-tralt-tur , 8 . One who leases from the parochial authorities the right to remove the street-sweepings, dust-ashes, and other refuse deposits of the district. Duster, dut-ter, s. A utensil to clear from dust; a sieve. Dust-hole, dust-hole, s. A place for refuse; an ash¬ pit. Dustiness, dut-te-nes, s. The state of being dusty. Dusting, axist-ing, s. The act of removing dust. Dust-man, dtist-nian, s. One whose employment is to carry away dirt and filth. Dust-pan, dust-pan, s. A broad, fiat tin shovel for conveying dust brushed from the floor, &c. Dusty, dut-te, a. Filled, covered, or sprinkled with dust; clouded with dust; like dust; of the colour of dust. Dusty-foot, dut-te-fut, s. A name for a foreign trader or pedler who has no settled habitation. Dutch, dutch, s. The people of Holland; also, their language. — a. Pertaining to Holland, or to its inhabitants.— In commerce, Dutch-metal or gold is an amalgama¬ tion of copper, brass, and bronze, made into leaves, and largely used in the ornamenting of toys, &c.— Dutch-drops are the balsam of turpentine.— pink is a pigment obtained from the plant Reseda luteola. — Dutch-rush is the Eguisete hymenale of botanists. Dutch-carpet, dutch-kaV-pet, s. A mixed material of cotton and wool, used for floor-coverings. Dutch-cheese, dutch!-tcheeze, s. A small round cheese made on the Continent from skim-milk. Dutch-clinkers, dutch-klinlt-ers, s pl. Long narrow bricks Imported from Holland, which are very bard, and appear vitrified by heat. Dutch-tiles, dutch'-tiles, s.pl. Ornamental tfies glazed and painted. Duteous, du'-te-us, a. Obedient; obsequious, per¬ forming that which is due, or that which law, justice, or propriety requires; J enjoined by duty, or by ine relation of one to another. Duteously, du'-te-ua-le, ad. In a duteous manner Duteousnbss, du'-te-us-nes,8. Obedience to duty. Dutiable, du'-te-A-bl, a. Subject to the imposition of duty or customs. Dutied, du'-tid, a. Subject to government duties or customs. Dutiful, du'-te-ful, a. Obedient, duteous, submissive or respectful; performing the duties or obligations required by law, justice, oiS propriety toward natural or legal superiors; expressive of respect, or a sense of duty; required by duty. Dutifully, ad. In a dutiful manner; obe¬ diently, submissively, or respectfully. Dutifulness, du'-te-ful-nes, s. Obedience; submission to just authority; habitual performance of duty; re¬ verence ; respect. Duty, du'-te, s. That which one person owes to another, or that which a person is bound, by any natural, moral, or legal obligation, to pay, do, or perform; forbearance of that which is forbid by morauty, law, justice, or propriety; obedience j submission; act of reverence or respect; tax, toll, impost, or customs; exercise ; any sum of money required by government to be paid on the importation, exportation, or con¬ sumption of goods.— The business of a soldier or marine. Military duties are divided into regimental and brigade. Regimental duties are those which the several companies of a regiment perform among themselves. Brigade duties are those which one re- iment does in common with another, collectively or y detachments. Duumvir, du-um'-ver, s.; pi. Duumviri. (Lat.) One of two Homan officers or magistrates united in the same public functions. Dqumviral, du-um’-ve-ral, a. Pertaining to the duum¬ viri or duumvirate of Rome. Duumvirate, du-um'-ve-rate, s. The union of two men in the same office; or the office, dignity, or govern¬ ment of two men thus associated. Dwaul $) To ^ delirious. Dw'ale, dwale, s. In heraldry, a sable or black colour , the deadly nightshade, a plant, or a sleepy potion. Dwarf, dwarf, s. A general name for an anim^ or plant which is much below the ordinary size of the species or kind. A person who never grows beyond two or three feet in height is b, dwarf; an attendant on a lady or knight in romances. — v.a. To hinder from growing to the natural size; to lessen; to make or keep small. Dwarfish, dv)drf'-ish, a. Like a dwarf; below the common stature or size; very small; low; petty, despicable. Dwarfishlt, dwarf'-ish-le, ad. Like a dwarf. Dwarfishnebs, dwdrf'-ish-nes, s. Smallness of stature littleness of size. Dwell, dwel, v.n., pret. Dwelt. To inhabit, reside, or sojourn; to abide as a permanent resident; to live in a place; to have a habitation for some time, o^ permanence; to be in any state or condition; to be fixed in attention; to hang upon with fondness; to continue long. Dwsller, dteeZ'-Zfir, 8. An inhabitant; a resident. Dwelling, dwel'-ling, s. Habitation; place of resi¬ dence ; abode; domicile; continuance; residence state of life. Dwelling-house, dweV-ling-hous, s. Tha house In which one lives. Dwelling-place, dweV-Ung-plase, s. The place of resi¬ dence Dwelt, dwelt, pret. and pp. of to dwell. Dwindle, dwin'dl, v.n. To diminish; to become less, to shrink; to waste or consume away; to degenerate; to sink; to fall away. — v.a. To make less ; to bring low ; to break; to dis¬ perse. —f s. Degeneration; gradual declination to insignifi¬ cance. Dwindled, dwin'dld, pp. or a. Shrunk; diminished in size. Dwt, 8.^ The abbreviation of pennyweight. Dye, j (in names, is a Saxon word, signifying Ed, j \ happy, fortunate; as in Edward, happy preserver ; Edgar, happy power ; Edwin, happy con¬ queror. Eadish, eed'-ish, s. A second crop of grass; attennath , rowen. . Eager, e'-gr/’r, a. Ardent, impetuous, earnest, or zeal¬ ous ; excited by ardent desire in the pursuit of any object; ardent to pursue, perform, or obtain; inflamed by desire; ardently wishing or longing; springing from or connected with strongly-awakened desire; + sharp; sour; acid; seizing upon sharply; biting, brittle; inflexible [local). Eagerly, c'-^er-^c, ad. With great ardour; earnestly, warmly; with prompt zeal; hastily; impetuously, keenly; sharply. Eagerness, e'-ger~nes, 8. Ardour, zeal, earnestness, or vehemence; ardent desire to do, pursue, or obtain an^^hing; animated zeal; vehement longing; ardour of iuclination; ttartness; sourness. Eagle, e'gl, s. A rapacious bird of the genus Falco, often called the king of birds; one of the most noble bearings in armoury, and adopted by France, Prussia, and other nations, as the royal standard.—A f old coin of the United States, of the value of ten oUars; the half-eagle is of proportionate value, and one of the most common gold coins of the United States. There are also ^uai-ter eagles.—A constella¬ tion in the northern hemisphere. Eagle-eyed, e^gl-ide, a. Sharp-sighted as an eagle, having an acute sight; discerning; having acute in- tellectu^ vision. Eagle-flighted, a. Flying like an eagle, moiinting high. Eagle-hawk, e'gl-hawk, s. A genus of predaceous birds, natives ©f South America. Eagle-owLj e'gl-oul, s. The great homed owl, or Strix bubo of Linnaeus. Eagle-pinioned, e'gl-ptn*-yund, a. Having an eagle’s wings. Eagle-rat^ e'gUray, s. A large species of ray-fish, the Chyliobatis aquila. Eagle-sighted, e'gl-sV-ted, a. Having acute sight. Eagle-speed, e^gUspede, s. Swiftness like that of an Baol^-’stone, ffgustone, s. A Tariety of argUlaceoiw iron-ore, or clay iron-stone; also called .Mtxtes. It is nodular, and contains a detached mass, or loose kernel, which rattles within. Eaglet, ^glet, s. A young eagle, or a diminutive Eaqlb-wingbd, efgl-wingd. a. Having tbe win^ of an eagle; swift as an eagle. ,. ., Eagle-wood, e'gl-wud, s. A fragrant wood used by the Asiatics for burning as incense. Eagre, ^-ger, s. A tide swelling above another tide, as in the Severn. Ealder^i al'-der, s. An elder or chief. Ealderman, aV~der~man, s. See Alderman. EAME,i erne, 8. Uncle. Ean, ene, v.a. or n. Yean. en^-ling,%. A lamb just brought forth. Ear, ere, s. The organ of hearing, the term generaUy comprehending both the external and internal t the sense of hearing, or, rather, the power of guishing sounds and judging of bannony.—in uis EAR [ 318 ] EARTH-NUT piural, the head or person, as “ to draw a herd about one’s ears; ” over ears in love; a favourable hearing; attention ; heed; regard; disposition to like or dislike what is heard; opinion; judgment; taste; a project¬ ing part from the side of anything, as the ears of a jar; the spike of com; that part of certain plants which contains the flowers and seeds.—To be by the ears, to fall together by the ears, to go together by the ears, to fight or scuffle; to quarrel.— To set by the ears, to make strife; to cause to quarrel.—.d/i ear for music, an ear that relishes music, or that readily distinguishes tones and intervals. Ear, v.n. To shoot, as an ear; to form eai*s, as corn. —t v.a. To plough or till. EARA.BLE,t cre'-d-W, a. Used to be tilled Earache, eref-ahe, s. Pain in the ear. Earal,^ ere^-al, a. Receiving hj the ear. Ear-bored, ere'~bore*d, a. Having the ear perforated. Ear-cap, ere'-kap, s. A cover for the ears against cold. Ear-deapeninq, ere^^defning, a. Stunning the ear with noise. Ear-drum, ere'-drum, s. A membrane in the ear; the tympanum. Eared, ere'd, pp. or a. Having ears; having spikes formed, as corn. Ear-erecting, ere'-e-rekf-ing, a. Setting up the ears. Earing, ere'-ing, s- A ploughing of land.—In seamen's language, a rope attached to the cringle of a sail, by which it is bent or reefed. Earl, erl, s. A British title of nobility, or a nobleman, the third in rank, being next below a marquis, and next above a viscount. Earlap, ere'-lop, s. The tip of the ear. Earldom, erl'-dum, s. The seignory, jurisdiction, or dignity of an earl. Earldorman, erV~dur~man, s. An ealderman. Earles-penny, t erls'-pen-ne, s. Money given in part payment. Earless, ere'-les, a. Destitute of ears; disinclined to liear or listen. Ear-like, er^~like, a. Resembling the ear. Earliness, er'-le-nes, s. A state of advance or forward¬ ness. Earl-marshal, eW'-mnr-sAaZ, s. One of the great officers of state, who is the head of the Herald’s Office or College of Arms. The office was originally conferred by grant from the king, and is now hereditary in the family of the Howards, the present dukes of Norfolk. Earlock, er^-lok, s. A lock or curl of hair, near the ear. Early, cr'-Ze, a. Forward; timely; in advance of some¬ thing else; prior in time; first; being at the begin¬ ning ; being in good season. — ad. Soon; in good season; betimes. Ear-ma.rk, ere^-m'drk, s. A mark on the ear, by which a sheep is known. — v.a. To mai*k, as a sheep, by cropping or slitting the ear. Ear-marked, ere'-mdrkt, pp. or a. Marked on the ear. Earn, ern, v.a. To acquire or obtain; to merit or de¬ serve by labour, or by any performance; to do that wnich entitles to a reward; to gain by labour, ser¬ vice, or performance. —t v.n. 'To long for; to feel anxiety. See Yearn. Earned^ ernd, pp. Merited by labour or performance. Earnest, er'-nestj a. Eager, warm, zealous, or ani¬ mated; ardent in the pursuit of an object; having a longing desire; warmly engaged or incited; spring¬ ing from or connected with strong desire; intent; fixed; serious. — s. Seriousness; a real event, as opposed to jesting or feigned appearance ; first fruits ; that which is in advance; giving the hope of more; a part paid or delivered beforehand (as money or goods); a pledge or assurance of something more to come. Earnestly, ad. "Warmly; zealously; im¬ portunately; eagerly; with real desire; with fixed attention; with eagerness. Earnest-money, er'-7iest~mun~ne, 8. Money paid as a pledge or security, and to close a bargain. Earnestness, e^-nest-nes, s. Zeal, warmth, eagerness, or importunity; ardour in the pursuit of anything; animated desire; anxious care; solicitude; intenseness of desire. EARNruLjt em'-ful, a. TliU of anxiety. Earning, ern'-ing, s. ; pi. Earnings. That which is earned;that which is gained or merited by laho^r, services, or performance ; wages ; reward Ear-pick, 8. An instrument for cleansing the ear. Ear-piercinq, ere'-peers-ing, a. Piercing the ear, as a shrill or sharp sound. Ear-ring, ere*-ring, s. A pendant; an ornament, some¬ times set with diamonds, pearls, or other jewels, worn at the ear, by means of a ring passing tbrough the lobe. Earsh,$ ectrsA, 8 . A ploughed field. Ear-shell, ere'-shel, s. A flattened univalve shell, re¬ sembling the ear in form; a species of Haliotis. Ear-shot, ere'-s/ioi, s. Reach of the ear; the distance at which words may be heard. Earth, erth, s. The name of the planet or terraqueous ball we inhabit, being the third in order from the sun; and its mean distance from that luminary being 95,000,000 of miles. It is marked with the astrono¬ mical character ©.— Earth, in its primary sense, sig¬ nifies the particles which compose the mass of the f iobe, but more particularly the particles which foiun he fine mould on the surface of the globe; or it de¬ notes any indefinite mass or portion of that matter This substance being considered, by ancient philoso¬ phers, as simple, was called an element; and, in popular langtiage, we still hear of the four elements, fire, air, earth, and water. The priit^itive earths have been reckoned ten in number, of which five are con¬ sidered earths proper, viz., alumina, glucina, yiirxa, zirconia, and thorina; four possess decided alkaline properties, viz., baryta, strontia, lime or calcia, and magnesia; and one, silica, is regarded as an acid, and often called silicic act'd.—The world, as opposed to other scenes of existence; the inhabitants of the globe ; dry land, opposed to the sea; country; region ; a distinct part of the globe ; the ground; the surface of the earth.—In Scripture, things on the earth are carnal, sensual, temporary things; opposed to hea¬ venly, spiritual, or divine ihings.— Figuratively, a low condition. — v.a. To bide, or cause to hide, in the earth, as to earth a fox ; to cover with earth or mould. — v.n. To retfre under ground; to burrow. Earth-bag, erlh'-bag, s. A bag filled with earth, used for defence in war. Earth-bank, ei'th'-hank, s. A bank or mound of earth. Earth-board, erth'-hord, 8 . The hoard of a plough that turns over the earth; the mould-board. Earth-born, erth'-born, a. Bom of the earth; spring¬ ing originally from the earth; terrestrial, earthly, or teiTigenous. Earth-bound, erth'-bownd, a. Fastened by the pressure of the earth. Earth-bred, a. Low; abject; grovelling. Earth-chesnut, erth'-ches-7iut, s. The popular name of the Bunium denudatuhi. Earth-created, ei'th'-kre-a'-ted, a. Formed of earth. Earth-din,:}; erth'-din, s. An earthquake. Earthed, erthd, pp. Hid in the earth. Earthen, erth'n, a. Made of earth or of clay. Earthen-ware, erth'n-ware, s. Vessels made of earth , less hard than stone-ware; crockery; pottery ware. Earth-fall, erth'-fawl, s. In geology, the name given to a natural phenomenon, whereby a portion of the earth’s surface is elevated by some subteiTaneous force, then cleft asunder, and the earth suddenly de¬ pressed, when the space becomes occupied with water. Earth-fed, a. Low; abicct. Earth-flax, erth'-flaks, s. Asbestiis; a fibrous, flexile, elastic mineral substance. Earthiness, erth’-e-nes, s. The quality of being earthy, or of containing earth ; grossness. Eabthliness, erth'-le-nes, s. The quality of being earthly ; grossness; worldliness; strong attachment to worldly things. Earthling, erth'-ling, s. An inhabitant of the earth, a mortal; a frail creature. Earthly, erth'-le, a. Pertaining to the earth, or to this world; belonging to our present state; carnal, vile, as opposed to spiritual or heavenly; corporeal; not mental; anything on eaith; sordid, mean, or base. Earthly-minded, erth'-le-mine'd'-ed, a. Having a mind devoted to earthly things. Earthly-mindedness, €rih'~le-mme'd'-ed-7ies, s. Gross¬ ness ; sensuality; extreme devotednees to earthly object*. Earth-nut, erth'-nut, s. A term applied to certain EARTH-PEA [ 319 ] EAVES-DROPPIHG tuberous roots growing under ^ound, which have a sweetish taste, and are sometimes called pig-nut$; the seed-vessel and seed of the Arachis hypog(Ba, a leguminous plant ripening on or under the earth; sometimes called the pea-nut. Earth-pea, erth'-pee, s- The climbing legu min ous plant Lathyrus amphicarpus. Earthquable, erth'-kivake, s. A trembling, or concussion of the earth, sometimes slight, at other times violent, attended with a rocking or heaving of the earth. Eartth-shakino, erth'-sha-king j a. Shaking the earth; having power to shake the earth. Earth-wandering, a. Roving over the earth. Earth-work, erth’-wurk, s. A term applied to cuttings, embankments, &c. Earth-worm, erth'-wurm, s. The dew-worm, a species of lumhricus; a worm that lives under ground; a mean, sordid wretch. Ear-wort, eer'-ivurtj s. The plant Hedyotis aurimdaria of Linnaeus, so termed from its being supposed good Earthy, erih'-e. a. Consisting of earth; resembling earth; partaking of earth; terrene; inhabiting the earth; terrestrial; relating to earth; gross; not Earthy fracturef in mineralogy ^ is when the fracture of a mineral is rough. Ear-trumpet, ere'-trum-petj 8. A tube applied to the ear to aid in hearing. Ear-wax, ere'-«;aA:s, s. The cerumen; a thick, viscous substance, secreted by the glands of the ear into the outer passage. Ear-wig, ere'-wigy s. An insect of the genus Forficula, which eats fruit and dower-leaves, and has been erroneously supposed to creep into the human brain through the ear; one who gams the ear of another by stealth and insinuations. — v.a. To gain the ear by stealth, and whisper insinu¬ ations. {Colloquial.) Ear-witness, ere'-wit-nes, s One who is able to give testimony to a fact from his own hearing. Ease, eze, s. Rest, repose, or tranquillity; an un¬ disturbed state; freedom from pain, disturbance, ex¬ citement, or annoyance, bodily or mentally; rest from labour; freedom from forced expressions, or un¬ natural arrangement; freedom from constraint or formality; unaffectedness.—Ai ease, in an undisturbed state; free from pain or anxiety, — v.a. To relieve, calm, or tranquillize, to free from pain, or any disquiet or annoyance of body or mind; to remove a burden from either body or mind.— To ease off, or ease away, in seamen’s laiiguage, is to slacken a rope gradually. To ease a ship, is to put the helm hard a-lee, or reflate the sail, to prevent her pitching when close-hauled.— Stand at ease, is a military command, to draw the ri^ht foot hack, and bring the weight of the body upon it. Easeful, eze'-ftd, a. Quiet; peaceful; fit for rest. Easefully, eze'-ful-le, ad. With ease or quiet. Easefulness, ezef-ful-nes, s. State of being easeful. Easel, e'zl, s. The frame on which painters place their canvas.—EassZ pieces, pictui*es of such size that they can be painted on an easel. Baseless, eze'-les, a. Wanting ease. Easement^ eze'-nient, s. Convenience; accommodation, that which gives ease, relief, or assistance.—In lazo, any privilege or convenience which one man has of another, either by prescription or charter, without profit, as a way through his land, &c. Easily, e'-ze-le, ad. Without difficulty or labour; without exertion; without pain, anxiety, or disturb¬ ance; readily; without the pain of reluctance;, smoothly; quietly; gently; without tumult or dis¬ cord; without violent shaking or jolting. Easines^ e'-se-ncs, s. Freedom from difficulty or pain; ease; flexibility; readiness to comply; prompt com¬ pliance; disposition to yield vnthout opposition or reluctance; freedom from stiffness, constraint, effort, or formality; rest; tranquillity; freedom from shaking or jolting; softness, as of a seat. Bast, eest, a. The point in the heavens where the sun is seen to rise at the time of the equinox, or when it is in the equinoctial, or the corresponding point on the earth ; one of the four cardinal pointe.— The East, the eastern parts of the earth; the regions or countries which lie east of Europe, or other country. - a. Toward the rising su-n ; or toward the point where the sxin ri^es, when in the equinoctial. Easter, ees^-ter, s. A festival of the Christian Chure'e, observed in commemoration of our Saviour’s resur¬ rection, and occurring on Sunday, the third day after Good Friday. It answers to the pascha or passover of the Hebrews, and most nations give it this name, pascha, pask, or pdques.—Easter ^erings, or Easter dues, consist of money paid to the parson of a parish at Easter.—Easier Term is one of the four terms during which the superior courts of Westminster are open. It begins April 15, and ends May 8. Easterling, eesf-terding, s. A native of some country eastward of another. The Easterlhigs were trading merchants of the Baltic and of Northern Germany. —A piece of money, called Easterling, was coined by Richard I. of England, whence our current money was called sterling. —A species of water-fowl. Easterly, ees'-ter-le, a. Coming from the eastward, as wind; situated or looking toward the east. — ad. On the east; in an easterly direction. Eastern, ees'-tern, a. Oriental; being or dwelling in the east; situated toward the east; on the east part; going toward the east, or in the direction of the east. Eastward, eest'-ward, ad. Toward the east; in the direction of east from some point or place. Easy, c'-zc,a. Beingatrest; freefrompain,disturbance, or annoyance; quiet, tranquil, or calm; free from anxiety, care, solicitude, or peevishness; giving no pain or disturbance; nox difficult; that gives or re¬ quires no great labour or exertion; that presents no great obstacles; not causing labour or difficulty, smooth; not uneven; not rough or very hilly; that may be travelled with ease; gentle; moderate; not pressing; yielding with little or no resistance ; com¬ plying; credulous; contented; satisfied; freeing from labour, care, or the fatigue of business; furnishing abundance without toil; affluent; not constrained not stiff or formal; flowing; not harsh; not jolting or itching, as a carriage or a ship; not heavy or bur- ensome; absence of money pressure, as the market is easy. Eat, eet, v.a., pret. Ate, pp. Eat or Eaten. To coi sume, devour, or corrode ; to bite or chew and SAval- low, as food; to wear away; to separate parts of a thing gradually; to waste or absorb; to enjoy; tc oppress; to feast.—In Scripture, to eat the flesh of Christ is to believe on him and be nourished by faith. —To eat one’s words is to swallow back; to take back what has been uttered; to retract. — v.n. To take food; to feed; to take a meal, or to board ; to taste or relish.—To eat, or to eat in or into, is to make way by corrosion; to gnaw, to enter by gradually wearmg or separating the parts of a sub¬ stance.— To eat out, to consume. Eatable, ef-td-bl, a. That may be eaten; fit to be eaten; proper for food; esculent. — 8. Anythmg that may be eaten; that which is fit for or used as food. Eatage, e'-tij,s. Food for horses and cattle from the aftermath. Eaten, e'tn, pp. Chewed and swallowed, consumed. Eater, e'-ter, s. One Who eats; that wliich eats or cor rodes; a coiTosive. Eath,$ ethe. a. Easy. Eating, cet-ing, s. The act of chewing and swalloAving food. Eating-house, ee.f-ing-hous, s. A house where pro¬ visions are sold ready dressed. Eau de Cologne, o' de ko-lone', s. A perfumed spirit, originally prepared at Cologne.— Eau de Iztce is a strong solution of ammonia, scented and rendered milky by mastic and oil of amber.— Eau dc vie, aqua vitie, or brandy.—Eaw de Javelle, chlorine in solution with water. Eaves, eevz, s pl. The edge or lower border of the roof of a building, which overhangs the walls, and casts oil the water that falls on the roof. Eaves-drop, eevz'-drop, v.a. To stand unr’rr the eaves or near the windows of a house, to listen and leai’n what is said within doors; to watch for opportunities of hearing the private conversation of others. Eaves-droppbr, One who stands under the eaves or near the window or door of a house, to listen and hear what is said within doors; one who watches for an opportunity to hear tHe private con¬ versation of others. Eaves-dropping, eevz'-dr off-ping, 8. The act of watch¬ ing for an opportunity to hear the private converjA- tion of other*. EBB [ 320 ] eohuj-us 8. Drunkenness; intoxication by Ebb, eb, s. The reflux of the tide; the return of tide* water toward the sea, opposed to flood or flowing; decline; decay; a falling from a better to a worse state. ~ v.a. To flow back, as the water of a tide toward the ocean, opposed to flow ; to return or fall back from a better to a worse state; to recede, retire, or decrease. Ebb-tide, eb'-tide, s. The reflux of tide-water; the retiring tide. Eijbinq, eb'-ing, s. The reflux of the tide. Eben,± eb'n, \ _ eb'4n, j as Ebony. Ebenacee, ^-ben-a'-se-e, s. A natural order of Exo¬ genous trees and shnibs, with wood heavy as the ebony, and so called from the Diospyriis ebenum, the true ebony. Ebionite, e'-be-un-itef 8. A term applied to those Jewish Christians in the first ages of the Church who combined Judaism with Christianity. — a. Relating to the heresy of the Ebionites. Eblanine, eb'-ld-nin, s. A volatile »i’ystalline ob¬ tained from pyroxylic spirit. Ebon, eb'-on, a. Consisting of ebony; like ebony; black. Eboni8t,+ eb^-o-nist^ s. A worker in ebony. Ebonize, e6'-on-*ae, v.a. To make black or tawny, to tinge with the colour of ebony Ebony, eo'-o-ne, s. The popular name of various trees, some of which are highly esteemed for their wood; a hard, heavy, and durable wood, which admits of a line polish or gloss. Euony-tb.ee, ea-o-ne-trey s. The popular name of a Cretan shrub. Eboulement, a-&(5ol'-monp, s. (Fr.) Infortiflcatxonyt'hQ ^ crumbling or falling of a wall. Ebracteate, e-brak'-te-atey a. In botanyy without a bractea. Euriety, e~bri'-e-te, spirituous liquors. Ebrillade, (Fr.) A check given to a horse by a sudden jerk of one rein when he refuses to turn. Ebriosity , e-bre-os'-e~te, s. Habitual drunkenness. Ebulliency, e~bul'~le-en-se, s. A boiling over. Ebullient, e-bul'-le-ent, a. Boiling over, as a liquor. Ebullition^ eb-ul4ish'-un, s. The action of boiling; the agitation of a liquor by heat, which throws it up in bubbles; effervescence occasioned by fermentation. Eburnban, e‘bw''-n€-an, a. Made of ivory. EucRNincATioN, e-bur-ne~fe-ka'-shun, s. In works of arty imparting to substances the appearance of ivory. Eburninje, t-bur-ni'^nSy s. In conchology, a sub-family of the Turbinellidae, of which the genus Eburna is the type. Ecarlatin, e-kar*-Id-tiny s. A kind of red elder, pro¬ duced in France. Ecaudate, e-kaw'-date, a.. In botany, without a tail or spur. Ecbasis, ek'-hd-sis, s. In r7tetenc, a figure in which the orator treats of things according to their events or consequences. Ecbatic, ek-bat'-iky a. In grammar, denoting a mere result or consequence. Ecbole, ek'-bo-le, s. Tn rhetoric, a digression, in which a person is introduced speaking his own words. Eccaleobion, ek-kd-le-o'-be-un, s. A contrivance for hatcliing eggs by artificial heat. Ecce Homo, ek'-se ho*-nio. (Lat.) A name given to any picture which represents the Saviour as given up to the people by Pilate, and literally means, Behold the Man I” Ivccentkic, ek-sen'-trik, ) a. Deviating or dcpart- V:ccENTRic^.L,ek-sen'-tre-kaLj ing from the centre.— In geometry, a terra applied to circles or spheres, which, though contained in some measure within each other, yet have not the same centre; not ter¬ minating in the same point, nor directed by the same principle; departing from the usual course; irregular, anomalous, or whimsical.—In constructive mechanics, eccentric gear consists of the links, connecting rods, straps, and wheels, by which an eccentric motion is carried on through the machinery. Eccentric, ek-sen'-trik, s. A circle not having the same centre as another; that which is irregular or anoma¬ lous ; a person of peculiar habits. Eccentrically, ek-sen'-tre-kal-le, ad. ATith eccentri¬ city ; in an eccentiic manner. Eccentricity, ek-se7i-tris'-e-te, s. Deviation from a centre; the state of having a centre different that of another circle.—In astronomy, the ^stance of A ruler of the Church. A canonical book of the centre of a planet’s orbit from the centre of the sun; departure or deviation from that which is stated, regular, or usual; excursion from the proper sphere. Ecchymosts, ek-ke-nio'-sis, s. In pathology, an appear ance of livid spots on the skin, occasioned by extra- vasated blood. Ecclesiarch, ek-klef-ze-arky s. Ecclesiastes, ek-kle-ze-a^-tes, the Old Testament. Ecclesiastic, ek-kle-ze-a^-tih, ) a. Relating or Ecclesiastical, ek-kie-ze-a^~te-kal,] pertaining tc me Church; thus, the body of the clergy is called the Ecclesiastical State; and the courts in wliich the canon law is administered, and spiritual causes deter¬ mined, are known by the name of Ecclesiastical Courts; but since the establishment of the Probate and Divorce Court, they have lost their original im¬ portance.—The Ecclesiastical States are the territories subject to the Pope of Rome as the ecclesiastical and temporal ruler; but the inhabitants have lately re¬ nounced the latter portion of the Pope’s authority.— In music, ecclesiastical is an epithet applied to com¬ positions written for the Church; but more particu- larljr to anthems, services, masses, and other cathedral music. Ecclesiastic, ek-kle-ze-as'-tik, s. A person in orders, or consecrated to the service of the Church and the ministry of religion. Ecclesiastica.li,y, ek-kle-ze-as'-te-kal-le, ad. In an ec¬ clesiastical manner. Ecclesiasticus, ek-kle-ze-as'-te-kus, s. One of the books of the Apocrv^iha, -composed by Jesus, the son of biracK, and admitted by the Church of Rume among the canonical books. Ecclesiological, ek-kle-ze-o-loj'-e-kal, a. Pertaining to ecclesiology. • Ecclesiologjbt, ek-kle-ze-oV-o-Jisty s. One vei'sed in ecclesiology. Ecclesiology’, ek-kle-ze-oV-o-je, s. The science of churcb building and decoration. Eccoprotic, ek-ko-prot'-ik, a. Having the quality o* promoting alvine discharges. — s. A medicine which purges gently; a mild cathartic. Eccresis, ek-kre -sis, s. In pathology, the excretion of perspirable matter from the lungs and faeces. Eccrinolooy, ek-kre-nol'-o-je, s. In physiology, a trea¬ tise on the secretions of the body. Ecdysis, ek-dx'-sis, s. In natural history, a casting off of the old skin, unaccompanied by the development of any new members, or by any variation of form. Bchantillon, 6. (Fr.) A military term for a plank which is covered one side witli iron, and serves to finish the mouldings, &c. of a piece of ordnance. Echape, esh'-d-pa, s. (Fr.) In the manege, a name given to a hoi*8e bred from a stallion and a mare of different breeds and countries. Echeance, 8. (Fr.^ A specified day for pay ment; the falling due of a bill of exchange, &c, Echellb, esA-eZ', 8. (Fr.) A ladder; a scale. Echelon, esh'-e-long, s. (Fr.) In military tactics, the position of an army in the form of steps, or with one division more advanced than another. Echidna, e-kid'-nd, s. A genus of ant-eaters in New Holland. Echinate, ) a. Setwith prickles; prickly, Echinated, ) like a hedgehog; having sharp points; bristled. Echinidan, e-kin'-e-dan, s. A radiate animal, a species of the family of the Echini, Echinite, ek'-e-nite, s. The fossil echinus, or sea-urchin, found in chalk pits. Echinocactus, e-At-no-/caA'-ft«, 8. The botanical name of the Hedgehog Thistle, a beautiful class of plants of the order Cactacece, and so called on account of their spiny character. Echinoderm, e-kin'-o-derm,B. A radiate animal, having an opaque, leathery, or crustaceous skin, with tuber¬ cles or even moveable spines, as the star-fish, sea- urchin, &c. Echinops, e-ki'-nops, s. The botanical name of the globe thistle, a genus of composite plants. Echinus, e-ki'-nus, s.; pi. Echini. (Eat) The sea- Jiedgehog, a term applied to radiate animals, having nearly the form of a sphere, ^ttened on the lower side, and covered with a firm shell, set with move- able spines.—'With botaiiists, a prickly head or top of a plant; an echinated pericarp.—la architecture a ECHO [ 321 ] EDDY moulding or ornament, in the shape of a chestnut, near the bottom of Ionic, Corintliian, or Composite capitals; the ovolo, or quarter-round. Echo, ek'-ko, s. A sound retiected or reverberated from a solid body ; sound returned; re-percussion of sound. —A word frequently found in chui*ch voluntaiies, over those passages of repetition which are performed on^ the swell, and are intended as echoes to the great organ.—In fabulous history^ a nymph, the daughter of the Air and Tellus, who pined into a sound for loA’‘e of Narcissus.—In architecture, a vault or arch for producing an echo. — v.n. 'Po resound; to reflect sound; to be sounded _v.a. To re verberate or send back sound; to return what has been uttered Echoless, ek'-ko-les, a. Destitute of an echo. Echometer, e-kom'-e-ter, s. Among musicians, a scale or rule, serving to measure the dui*ation of sounds. Echombtry, e-kom'-e-tre, s. Tlie ait or act of measur¬ ing the duration of sounds; the art of constructing vaults to produce echoes. EcL.iiRcisE, v.a. To make clear; to ex¬ plain ; to clear up what is not understood or mis¬ understood. Ecl-urcjssement, ek-klare'-sis-niong, s. (Fr.j Expla¬ nation ; the clearing up of anytliing not before under¬ stood. Eclampsy, ek-lamp'-se, a. A shining; a flashing of light; a symptom of epilepsy. EcLKT.e-klaw', a. (Er.) A burst of applause; accla¬ mation ; renown ; splendour or pomp. Eclectic, ek-lek'-tic, a. Selecting; choosing; an epi¬ thet given to certain philosophers of antiquity. - s A philosopher who selected from the various systems such opinions and principles as he judged to be sound and rational; a Christian who adhered to the doctrines of the Eclectics; also, one of a sect of physicians. Eclectically, ek-lek’-ie-kaUle, ad. By way of choosing or selecting; in the manner of the eclectical philo- sophei’s. Eclecticism, ek-lek'-te-sizni, a. The act or practice of selecting from different systems ; the doctrine of the Eclectics. Eclegm, ek-lem',a. A medicine made by the incorpo¬ ration of oils with syrups. Eclipsareon, e-klip-sa'-re-un, s. An Instrument for ex¬ plaining the phenomena of eclipses. Eclipse, e-klips', s. Darkness ; obscuration.—In astro¬ nomy, an interception or obscuration of the liglit of the sun, moon, or other luminary by some opaque body; thus an eclipse of the sun is caused by the intervention of the moon; and an eclipse of the moon, by the shadow of the earth. — v.a. To hide a luminous body in whole or in p«Jt, and intercept its rays; to obscure; to darken, by in¬ tercepting the rays of light which render Ixuninous; to cloud ; to disgrace; to extinguish. — v.n. To suffer an eclipse. Eclipsed, e-klipsf, pp. of the verb to eclipse. Ecliptic, e-klip'-tik, s. A great circle of the sphere, supposed to be drawn through the middle of the zodiac, making an angle with the equifloctial of 23® 28', which is the sun’s greatest declination. The ecliptic is the apparent path of the sun.—In geography, a great circle on the terrestrial globe, answering to and falling within the plane of the celestial ecliptic.— Ecliptic limits are the greatest distances at which the moon can he rom her nodes, in order that an eclipse of the sun or moon may happen. — a. Pertaining to or described by the ecliptic; suffer¬ ing an eclipse. Eclogue, ek'-log, a. A pastoral poem, in which shep¬ herds are introduced conversing with e^h other. Economic, e-ko-nom'-ik, ] a. Pertaining to the Economical, e-ko-nom'-e-kal,] regulation of hoiKe- hold concerns; fmgal, saiTlng, or thrifty; regulated by frugality , not wasteful or extravagant. Economically, e-ko-nom'-e-kal-le, ad. "With economy or frugality. Economics, e-ko-nom'-iks, s.pl. The science of house¬ hold affairs. Economist, e-kon'-o-inist, s. One who manages do¬ mestic or other concerns with frugality; one ■who is conversant with or writes on political economy. EcoNOMiaATioN, e-ko7i-o-me-%a'^8hun, s. The act of economiiing or managing fnigally. Economize, e-kon'-o-tnize, v.n. To manage pecuniaiy concerns with frugality. — v.a. To use with prudence; to expend with ftv gality. Economy, e-kon^-o-me, s. The management, regulation and government of a family or the concerns of 6 household; a frugal and judicious use of money; the disposition or arrangement of any work; a system of rules, regulations, rices, and ceremonies; the regular operations of nature in the generation, nutrition, and preservation of animals or plants; distribution or due order of things; judicious and frugal management of public affairs; system of management; general regu¬ lation and disposition of the affairs of a state or nation, or of anv department of government. Ecorsines", e-kos'-sins, s. The name o»f a sort of grey Limestone in France. Ecostate, e-kos'-tate, a. In botany, having no nerves oil the leaf. Ecoutes, e-koote^f s- In fortification, small galleries, made at equal distances in front of the glacis, which are intended to annoy the enemy’s miners. Ecphasis, ek'-fa-sis, s. An explicit declaration. Ecphonesis, ek-fo-ne'-sis, s. A passionate exclamation used by the orator to express strong emotion. Ecphractic, ek-frak'-tik, s. A medicine which dissolve! or attenuates viscid matter, and removes obstructions Ecstasied, eks'-sta-sid, pp. or a. Enraptured; ravished transported; delighted. Ecstasy, eks^-tA-se., s. A fixed state; a trance; a state in which the mind is arrested and fixed, or in which the functions of the senses are suspend'Sd by the con¬ templation of some extraordinary or supernatural object; excessive joy; rapture; transport; a degree of delight that arrests the whole mind; enthusiasm , excessive elevation and alisorption of mind; extreme delight; $ excessive grief or anxiety; madness; dis¬ traction.—In pathology, a species of catalepsy, when the person remembers, after the paroxysm is over, the ideas he had during the fit. — v.a. To fill with rapture or enthusiasm. Ecstatic, eks-tat'-ik, | a. Arresting the mind; Ecstatical, eks-tat'-e-kal, j suspending the senses : entrancing; rapturous ; transporting; ravishing; de¬ lightful beyond measure, $ tending to external ob¬ jects. Ecstatically, eks-tat'-e-kal-le, ad. In an ecstatic manner. EcTAsrs, ekf-tA-sis, s. In rhetoric, the leiigtlienmg of ^ syllable from short to long. Ecthlipbis, ek-thlip'-sis, s. A figure of prosod ’ which a final m with the preceding vowel is cut on, when the next word begins with a vowel. Ecthyma, ekf-the-ma, s. In pathology, an eruption of pimples on the skin. Ectypal, ek'-ti-pal, a. Taken from the original. EcTYPE^i: ek’-tipe, s. A copy.—In architecture, an object in relievo or embossed. Ecumenic, ek-u-men'-ik, 1 a. General; universal, Ecumenical, ek-ti-men'-e-kal, j as ajiplied to the coun¬ cils of the Romish Church. Ecurie, ci'-w-re, s. (Fr.) A stable; a covered place for horses. Eczema, ek-ze'-ma, s. A cutaneous disease, characterized by an emp'tion of small vesicles on various parts oi the skin. Edacious, e-da'-she-us, a. Given to eating; greedy; voracious. Edaciously, e-da'-she-us-le, ad. Greedily; with a keen appetite. Edaciousness, e-da'-she-us-nes, s. The quality of being edacious. Edacity, e-das^-e-te, s. Greedim^ss ; voracity. Edda, s. A collection of poems exhibiting the Runic or Scan^avian mytliology, &c. Edder, ed'-der, s. A viper.—In husbandry, such flex¬ ible wood as is worked into the tops of hedge-stakes to bind them together. — v.a. To bind or make tight by edder; to fasten the tops of hedge-stakes, by interweaving odder. Eddish, ed'-rfts/i, i s. The latter pasture or grass that Eadirh, j comes after trio wing or reaping-, called, also, engross, earsh, or etch. Eddoes, ed'-doze, s. The name given to an esculent root \a variety of the Arum esculentum), the tubers ol which are roasted and eaten in the West Indies, and on the Gold Coast of Africa, like tlie potato. Eddy, ed'-de, s. A current of water running bank or M EDD? [ S22 ] EEL tel a direct Jon eontrary to the main stream; a 'whirl¬ pool. Rddy, v.a To move circularly, or aa an eddy. — a. Whirling , moving circ^arly. Sddy->\ATBK, ed'-de-ivau/-tery s. Among seamen^ the water which, by some iiitormption in its course, runs contrary tu the dii’cction of the tide or current. Eddy-WIND, ed'-de-wind, s. The wind returned or boat ]»ach from a sail, a mountain, or anything that hinders its passage. EniitiTE, t d'-€-lite,B. A variety of the mineral natrolite. Edematous, tf-rfew'-d-tta, ) a. Swelling with a serous Edematose, e-de'?/^'-d-^ose, 1 humour; dropsica*. Eden, c -den, 6 . Paradise, the country and garden mentioned in Scripture as the residence of Adam and Eve, until they were expelled for eatiug the forbidden fruit. Edentata, e-den-ta'-td, s.pl. In naUiral history, an order of animals destitute of front teeth, as the armadillo; the name given to a sub-order of the Cetacea, and also to a section of the Crustacea, wliich are destitute of proper mandibles. Edentate, e-den'-tate, s. An animal having no fore teeth. Edentated, e-den'-td-ted, a. destitute or deprived of teeth ; applied especially to the order Edentata. Edentation, e-den-ta'shun, s. A depriving of teeth. Edentolods, e-den'-txi-lus, a. Toothless. Edge, edj, s. In a gener(d sense, the extreme border or oint of anything; particularly applied to the sharp order, or tlie thin cutting extremity of an instrument. —Figuratively, that which cuts or penetrates ; that which wounds or injures) a narrow part rising from a broader; sharpness of mind or appetite ; keenness; intenseness of desire; fitness for action or operation ; sharpness; acrimony.— To set the teeth on edge, to cause a tingling or grating sensation in the teeth. — v.a. To sharpen; to furnish with an edge; to border; to fringe ; to exasperate ; to imbitter; to in¬ cite ; to provoke ; to urge on ; to instigate; to goad; to move sideways, or by little and little. — v.n. To move sideways; to move gradually, to sail close to the wind.— To edge away, in sailing, is to in¬ crease the distance gradually from a coast or other object.—To edge in with a coast or vessel,is to advance gradually, and not directly^ tow'ard it. Edged, ed/d,pp. or a. Furnished with an edge or bor¬ der; incited; instigated; sharp; keen. Edgeless, edj'-les, a. Not shai’p; blunt; obtuse; unfit to cut or penetrate. Edge-rail, edg'-rale, s. The name given to the iron rail of a railway. Edge-tool, edj’-iool, 8 . An instmment having a sharp edge. Edgewibe, €(^'-10126, ad. AYith the edge turned forward, or tow'ard a particular point; in the direction of the edge; sideways; with the side foremost. Edging, e^'-ing, s. That wliich is added on the border, or which forms the ornamental edge of a garment; a narrow lace.—In gardening, a row of small plants set along the border of a bed. Edhilingi, 8 . The name of the first class of people among our Anglo-Saxon ancestors. Edible, ed'-e-hl, a.. Eatable; fit to be eaten as food; esculent. Edibleness, ed'-e-hl-nn, a. The quality of being edible. Edict, s. That which is uttered or proclaimed by authority as a rule of action; a decree, manifesto, or proclamation; an order issued by a prince to his subjects, as a rule or law requiring obedience. Edictal, e-dih'-tal, a. Belonging to or pnrtaldng of the nature of an edict.— Edictal citation, in Scottish law, is the citation of a foreigner wlio has landed property in Scotland, but is non-resident. Ei)iFicANT,t ed'-e-fe-kant, a. Building; Constructing. Edification, ed-e-fe-ka'-shun, s. A building up. in a moral and religious sense; instruction; improve¬ ment and progress of the mind m knowledge, in morals, or in faith and holiness. Edificatorv, 6 m€ic^,ed'-e-Jis, 9 . A building; a stiucture; a fabric,- a large or splendid building. Editicial, cd-e-Jiih' al, a. Pertaining to edifices or to structure. EditidejJI « ^pp. ora. Instructed; improved Edified, j ® ^ literary, moral, or religious knowledge. Edifier, ed'-e-fi-er, &. One that improves another bv instruction. Edify, v.a. To instruct and improve the min^ in knowledge generally, and particularly in moral and religious knowledge, faith, and holiness, to teach or persuade ; X to build. Edifying, ed'-e-Ji-ing, ppr. or a. Instructing; irnprov ing; adapted to instruct. Edifyingly', ed'-e-Ji-ing le, ad. In an edifying manner Edile, e'-dile, s. A Roman margistrate whose chiej business was to superintend buildings of all kinds, more especially public edifices, temples, bridges, aque¬ ducts, &c. Edileship, e'-dile-ship, s. The office of edile in ancient Rome. Edit, ed'-it, v.a. To superintend a pubheation; to pre¬ pare a book or paper for the public eye, by writing, correcting^ or selecting the matter; to publish. Edited, ed'-%t-ed, pp. of the verb to edit. Editio Princeps, e-dish'-e-o jwin'-seps, s. fLat.) The earliest printed edition of an author. Edition, e-rftsV-iot, s. The publication of any book or writing; ropublication, sometimes with revision and correction; any republication of a book before pub¬ lished; also, one impression or the whole number of copies published at once. Editioner,$ e-dish'-un-er, s. The old word for editor. Editor, cd'-e-iur, s. A person who superintends the im¬ pression of a book, or who revises, corrects, and pre- p.'ires it for publication; one who superintends and writes for the publication of a newspaper. Editorial, ed-e-to'-re-al, a. Pertaining to an editor; ^ wr-itten by an editor. 12ditorship, ed'-e-tur-ship, s. The business of an editor Editress, ed'-e-tres, s. A female editor. Edituate.J Y.a. To defend or govena thG house or temple. Eddcable, ed'-yu-kii-hl, a. That may be educated. Educate, v.a. To instruct; teach; infonn. to inform and enlighten the understanding; to instil into the mind principles of arts, science, morals, reli¬ gion, and behaviour. Educated, ed'-yu-ka-ted, pp. or a. Brought up; in¬ structed; furnished with knowledge or principles trained; disciplined. Education, ed-yu-ka’-shun, s The bringing up, as of a child; ins'txuction; formation of manners; nurture, discipline, training, or tuition. Educational, ed-yu-ka’-shun-al, a. Pertaining to edu- ca'tion; derived from education. Educator, ed'-yu-ka-tur, s. One who educates. Educe, e-duse', v.a. To bring or di’aw out; to extract; to elicit; to produce from a state of occultation. Educed, e-dewst', pp. Drawn forth, or extracted. Educible, e-du'-se-bl, a. That may be educed or di'awn forth. Edcct, e'-diict, a. Extracted matter; that which ia educed. Eduction, e-duk'-shun, s. The act of drawing out, or bringing into view. Eduction-pipe, s. The pipe from the exhaust passage of the cylinder to the condenser. Eductor, e-duk'-tur, s. That Yvhich brings forth, elicits or extracts. Edulcorant, e-duV-ko-rant, s. A medicine w'hich puri¬ fies the fluids by depriving them of their acidity. —• a. Having the property of sweetening. EnuLCORATEjit e-dul'-ko-rate, v.a. To piuify or sweeten. —In chemistry, to render substances more mild, by freeing them from acids and salts, or other soluble impurities, by washing. Edulcoration, e-dul-ko-ra'-shun, s. The act of purify¬ ing or sweetening by admixture of some saccharine substance; the act of freeing pulverulent substances from acids or any soluble impurities by repeated affusions of water. Edulcorative, e-duV-ko-ra-tiv, a. Having the quality of sweetening or purifying by affusion. Edulcorator, s. A kind of dropping • bottle, contrived for supplying small quantities of water to M'atch-glasses, test tubes, &c Edwardsite, ed'-wards-ite, 8. A mineral identical with monazite. eek, v.a. To increase or add to. See Eke. Eel, eel, s. The popular name of the anguilla, a genuf of soft-finned fishes, of a serpent-like shape, covere< with a thick, slimy skin, and living chiefly in mud.— Ecl-faccs is an old word for a brood or fry of eels. EEL-FISHING- [ S2S ] EPFLOEESCENT Ebl-fishino, eeV-Jisf\’%ng, 8. The act or art of catching eels. Eel oil, eel'^oyl, 9. An oil procured ft*om eels by roasting tj.em, and •svbJCh is employed as an ointment for stilf joints. Eel-fot, eel'-pot, s. A kind of basket used for catching eels. eeV-powt,a. The burbot, a fresh-water flsh somewhat resembling the eel in appearance, and hence the name. Eel-punt, eeV-punt, s. A kind of flat-bottomed fishing boat to spear eels with. EEL-SK.IN, eel'-skin, s. The skin of an eel. Eel-spear, eet'-speery s. A forked instrument used for catching eels. E’en, eeUf s. A contraction for even; the old plural for eyes; evening. E’er, eer, contracted from ever. Effable,$ Utterable; that may be uttered or spoken. £rF.ACE, ef-fase'y v.a. To destroy a figure on the surface of anything, whether painted or carv^ed, so as to render it invisible; to strike or scratch out; to ex¬ punge, erase, or obliterate; to destroy any impression on the mind. To deface is to injure or impair a figure ; to efface is to rub out or destroy, so as to render invisible. Effaced, ef-faysf, pp. of the verb to efface. Effacement, ef-f(cse'-T)ient, s. Act of effacing. Effascinate, ef-fas'-se-nate, v.a. See Fascinate and Fascination. Effect, ef-fekf, s. That which is produced by an agent or cause; that which follows; result; consequence; event; purpose; general intent; consequence in¬ tended ; utility ; profit; 'advantage ; force; validity; completion; perfection; reality; not mere appear¬ ance; fact.—In the plural, effects are goods; move¬ ables; personal estate.—In truthful imita¬ tion heightened and made more impressive chiefly by the artifices of light, shade, and colour.—In music, that impression which a composition makes on the ear and mind, in performance.—To do anything for effect, is to do it for the piu*pose of heightening or exaggerating. — v.a. To produce, as a cause or agent; to cause to be; to bring to pass; to accomplish, fulfil, realize, or achieve. Effected, ef-fekf-ed, pp. of the verb to effect. Effectible, ef-fekt'-e-U, a. That may be done or achieved; practicable; feasible. Effection, ef-fek'-shun, s. Creation or production; the geomemcal construction of a proposition; a problem or praxis, drawn from some general pro¬ position. Effective, efffek'-tiv, a. Having tbe power to cause or produce; efficient, effectual, or efficacious; operative; active; having the quality of producing effects; causing to be; having the power of active operation , able ; fit for military service. EFFErTivELv, ef-jck'-tiv-le, ad. With effect, power¬ fully , with real operation. Effectiveness, ef-fek'-tiv-nes, 8. The quality of being effective Effectless, ef-fckt’-les, a. Without effect; without advantage; useless. Effector, ef-fek'-tur, s. One who effects; one who produces or causes; a maker or creator. Effects, ef-fekts', s.pl. Goods; moveables, personal estates. Effectual, ef-fek'-tu~al, a. Producing an effect, or the effect desired or intended, or having adequate power or force to produce the effect; % veracious; expressive of facts. Effectually, ef-fekf-tu-al~le, ad. With effect; effica¬ ciously; thoroughly. Effectualness, ef-fek'-tu-al-neSy s. The quality of being effectual. Effectuate, ef-fek’-tu-ate , v.a. To bring to pass; to achieve; to accomplish; to fulfil. Effectuation, efffek-tu-a’-shun, s. Act of effecting. Bffectuosb, ef-fek'-tu-ose, a. Effectual. EFrECTUous,+ ef-fek'‘tu-us, a. Effectual. See Effec¬ tual and Effectually. Effeminact, ef-fem'-e-nd-se, s. The softness, delicacy, and weakness in men, which are characteristic of t^e female sex, unmanly delicacy ; womanish softness or weakness, voluptuousness; indulgence in unmanly pleasures; lasciviousness. Effejiinatb, ef-fem'-e-nale, a. Having the the female sex; soft or delicate in an unmanly degr^; tender ; womanish ; voluptuous; resembling tlw practice or qualities of the female sex; womiuilike, tender, in a sense not reproachful. — v.a. To make womanish; to unman; to weaken. — v.n. To grow womanish or weak; to melt into weakness. — 8. A delicate, effeminate-looking perton. Effeminately, ef-fem'-e-nate-le., ad. In a womanish manner; weakly; softly. Effbminateness, ef-feni’-e-nate-nes, s. Unmanlike soft¬ ness. EffeminatioNj-V ef-fem-e-na'-shun, s. The state of one grown womanish, or of being weak or unmanly. Effbndi, ef-fen'-de, s. In Turkish, master; a word sub¬ joined to the names of persons in token of respect applied especially to learned men and ecclesiastics.— Meis Effejidi is the principal secretary of state. Efferous,^: ef'-fer-us, a. Fierce; wild, savage. Effervesce, ef-fer-ves', v.a. To he in commotion fr®?i; the escape of gas, like liquor when gently boiling; to bubble and hiss; to work, as new wine. Effervescence, ef-fer-ves^-sens, s. A kind of natural ebullition; that commotion of a fluid which takes place when some part of the mass flies off in the form of gas, producing innumerable small bubbles. _ Effervescent, ef-fer »es'-sent, a. Gently hoiliug bubbling, by means of the disengagement of gas. Epfervescible, ef-fer-ves'-se-bl, a. That has the qualtjj of effervescing; capable of producing effervescence. Effervescing, ef-fer-ves'-sing, ppr. or a. lipiling ; bubbling.— Effervescing Draughts are pleasant gaseoU:3 drinks, or sweetened beverages. Effete, ef-fetef, a. Barren; having lost the power oi production; worn out with age. Efficacious, ef-fe-ka'-shus, a. Effectual; productive c-f effects; having power adequate to the purpose in¬ tended; powejYul. Efficaciously, ef-fe-ka'-shus-le, ad. Effectually; in such a manner as to produce the effect desired. Efficaciousness, ef-fe-ka'-shus-nes, s. The quality of being efficacious. Efficacy, ef'-fe.-kci-se, s. Power to produce effects, production of the effect intended. Efficience, \ ef-fish'-ense, [ 8. The act of producing Efficiency, j ef-fish'-en-se, \ effects; effectual agency ; power of producing the effect intended. Efficient, ef-fish'-e?it,SL. Causing effects; that causea anything to be what it is; effective, competent, 05“ capable. — s. The agent or cause which produces or causes to exist; he that makes. Efficiently, ad. "With effect; effectively. Effierce,:}; ef-feers', v.a. To make fierce or fui’ious. Effigial, ef-fif-e-al, a. Exhibiting an effigy. EFFiGiATB.-t-c/-^/-e-aZe, v.a. To form in rescmblaacG, to image. EffigiatioNj-^ ef-flj-e-a'-shtm, s. The act of forming in resemblance. Effigies, ef-fj'-e-ese, s. (Lat.) An effigy, image, or resemblance. Effigy, 8. The image or likeness of apereou, resemblance; representation ; any substance fashionea into the shape of a person; portrait; likeness; figi^, in sculpture or painting.-On coins^ the print or im¬ pression representing the head oi the prince who struck the coin.— To hum or hang in effigy, is to hum or hang an image or picture of the person intended to he executed, disgraced, or degraded. Effile, 8. (Fr.) A sort of linen; fringed linen. Efflagitate,^ ef-flaf'-e-tate, v.a. To demand earnestly. EFFLATE,t ef-flate', v.a. To fill with breath or air. Efflation, ef-fia'-shun, s. The act of breathing out. Effloresce, effflo-res', v.a. In chemistry, to form a mealy powder on the surface; to become pulvemlent or dusty on the surface; to form saline vegetation on the suriace. Efflorescence, ef-flo-resf-sens, s. In tl\e time of flowering; the season when a plant shows its first blossoms.—In pathology, a redness of the skin or emp tions, as in rash, meiwles, &c. See Exanthema.— an chemistry, the formation of a mealy powder on the surface of bodies, or the formation of minute spicular crystals. , . ^ Efflorescent, ef-flo-res'-sent, a. Sjiootmg into whsv threads or spiculee; forming a white dust on the 8^ I face. EPFLUEIOE [ 324 ] EGEETTE EpyLTTtKCE, ef~fiu~ens. s. A flowing: out; that which flows or issues from, iny body or substance. Kffluent, ef'fiu^enxt, a. Flowing out. — 8. A stream that nows out of another stream. Effluvium, s.; pi. Effluvia.. (Lat.) Tlie minute and often invisible particles which exhale from terrestrial bodies, as the odour or smell of plants, and the noxious exhalations from putrefying animal or vegetable substances. Efflux, ef'-fiuks, s. The act of flowing out, or issuing hi a stream; effusion; flow; that which flows out; emanation. . Efflux ef-Jiuks', v.n. To run or flow away. Effluxion, ef-fiuk'-shun, s. The act of flowing out; that which flows out; effluvium; emanation. Effodient, ef‘fo'-de-ent, a. Digging; accustomed to dig. Efforce, v.a. To force; to break tlirough by violence ; to ravish; to strain ; to exert with effort. EFFORM.t ef-fawrm', v.a. To fashion; to shape. EfformatioNjI ef-fawrm~a'-8hiin, s. The act of giving shape or form. Effort, ef'-fort, s. An exertion of strength ; strenuous exertion to accomplish an object; endeavour; struggle; straining. Effortless, a. Making no effoii:. Epfossion, e/‘fosh'-tm, s. The act of digging out of the earth. EffractoreSjJ ef-frak'-torze, s. Burglars or house¬ breakers, according to our old law-books. Effracture, ef-frak'-ture, s. A breaking or bursting open.—In surgery, a fracture, with depression of the cranial bones. Effranchise, e/-/»*an'-fcAt 2 , v.a. To invest with fran¬ chises or privileges. Effray.J ej-fra' v.a. To frighten. Effrayablb,$ c/-/ra'-A-W,a. Frightful; dreadful. Epfrenation, ef-fre~na’-8hun^ s. Unbridled rashness or licence; unrulmess. Effrontery, ef-frunt'-er-e, 8 . Assurance, impudence, or audacity; shamelessness; boldness transgressing the bounds of modesty and decorum. Effdlge, ef-fulj', v.n. To send forth a flood of light; to shine with splendour. Effulgence, ef-ful'-jens, s. A flood of light; great lustre or brightness; splendour. Effulgent, a. Shining; bright; splendid. Effulgently, ef-fuV-jent-le, ad. With effulgence. Effumability, ef-fit-md-hil'-e-te, s. The quality of flying off in fumes or vapour. EFFUME,t ef-fume'y v.a. To breathe out. Effund,^ ef-fund', v.a. To pour out. Effuse, ef-fuze', v.a. To pour out, as a fluid; to spill; to shed. Effuse, $ ef-fus^, a. Dissipated; profuse ; spreading loosely.—In botany, applied to efflorescence. —t 8. waste; effusion. EFFU8ioN,t ef-fu'-zhun, s. The act of pf)uring out, as a liquid; a spilling, waste; the pouring out of words; the act of poui’ing out or bestowing divine influence; that which is poured out; X liberal donation. Effusive, ef-/xi'-siv, a. Pouring out; that pours forth largely. Effusively, ef -fu'-siv-le, ad. In an effusive manner. Effusiveness, ef-fxif-siv-nes, 8 . State of being effusive. BffutitiouSj^ ef-f^i-tish'-us, a. Foolishly uttered. Eft, eft, s. A iieAvt; the common lizard ; the popular name for the Lacerta seps of Linmeus. Eft4 eft, ) ad. Again ; quickly ; soon EFT-sooNS,t eft-soons', j afterward; in a short time. Efters, ef'-ters, s. Am old law term for ways, walks, or hedges. E. Q (Lat exempli gratid.) For the sake of an ex¬ ample; for instance. Egad, exclam. Good fortune; a lucky star; as we say, My stars! Egeran, e'-fer-an, s. A sub-species of pyramidal garnet, found near Eger, in Bohemia. Eqeria, e-jef-re-d, s. One of the small planets recently discovered between the orbits of Jupiter and Mars. EoERMiNATEjt e-jer'-me-nate. See Germinate. Bgest, e-Jesf, v.a. To cast or throw out; to void, as excrement. Egesta, e-jes'-td, s. (Lat.) In physiology, that which is carried out of the body at the natural vent. Egestion, e-jestf-ynn, s. The act of voiding digested matter at the natural vent £«iiaTuoBTTT4 e-je3-f*i-o^'€-te, s. Extreme poverty. EoESTuooSji e-jes'-iu-us, a. Needy or poor. Egg, eg, s. The ovum of aomestic poultry, lari^ly used as food by all nations; a body formed in tbe females ol birds and certain other animals, containing an embryo or foetus of the same species, or the substance fi-ora which a like animal is produced. — v.a. To incite. ( Vulgar.) Egg-bird, eg'-hird, s. A bird, a species of tern, which is the common name of the genus Sterna. Egg-cup, eg'-kup, s. A cup used in eating eggs at table. Egger-moths, e^-gur~moths, s. In entomology, moths of the family Bomhycidcp. Eggery ,t eg'-gur-e, s. A nest of eg^. Egg-flip, eg'-Jiip, s. A drink made of warmed beer, flavoured with a little sugar, spirits, spices, and eggs beaten with it. Egging, eg'-ing, s. Incitement. {Vulgar.) Eggler, eg'-ler, s. A collector of eggs, or a dealer. Egg-nog, eg'-nog, s. A drink composed of wine or spirits, mixed with sugar and eggs. Egg-plant, eg'-plant, s. A plant allied to the tomato, and the common name given to certain species of the genus Solanum. It bears a smooth fruit, shaped like an egg, used in cookery. Egg-poacher, eg’-poatch-er, s. A metal vessel which stands to place eggs in a boiler for cooking. Egg-shell, eg'-shel, s. The shell or outside covering of an egg. Egg -SLICE, eg'-sUse, s. A kitchen utensil for removing omelets or fried eggs from a pan. Egg-SPOON, eg'-spoon, s. A small spoon with a narrow bowl, for eating eggs with. Egg-whisk, eg'-wisk, s. A wire bunch or brush foi beating up eggs. Egilopical, e-je-lop'-e-kal, a. Affected with the egilops. Bgilops, e'-je-lops. s. Goat’s eye; an abscess in the inner canthus of the eye. Egis, ^-jis, s. A shield; a defensive armour. Eglandulous, e-glan'-du-lus, a. Destitute of glands. Eglantine, 8. A species of rose; the sweet- brier. Eglomerate, e-glom'-er-ate, v.a. To unwind, as a thread from a b^l. Egoism, e'-go-izm, s. The opinion of those who profess themselves uncertain of everything but their own ex¬ istence ; a passionate love of self Egoist, e'-go-ist, s. A name given to certain followers of Des Cartes, who held the opinion that they were uncertain of everything except their own existence, and the operations and ideas of their own minds. EGOiTY,-t e-go'-e-te, s. Personality. Egotism, e'-go-tizm, s. An exaggerated love of self, leading to self-exaltation ; self-commendation; the act or practice of magnifying one’s self. Egotist, e'-go-tisl, s. One, who repeats the word I very often in conversation or writing; one who speaks much of himself, or magnifies his own achievements ; one who makes himself the hero of everv tale. Egotistic, ) a. Addictecl to egotism; Egotistical, e-go-tiV-te-kal.^] containing egotism; con¬ ceited, vain, or self-important. Egotistically, e-go-tW-te-kal-le,fi&. In a self-conceited or egotistical manner. Egotize, e'-go-tize, v.n. To talk or write much of one’s self; to make pretensions to self-importance. Egregious, e-gre'-je-us, a. Standing out with remark¬ able prominence; extraordinary, remarkable, or mon¬ strous. Egregiouslt, e-gre'-je-us‘le, ad. Greatly; enormously shamefully. Egregiousness, e-gre'-je-us-nes, 8. The state of bcjing great or exfraordjnary. Egress, e'-gres, s. Exit or departure ; the act of going or issuing out, or the powder of departing from any enclosed or confined place. Egression, e-gresh'-un, s. The act of going out from any enclosure or place of confinement. Egressor, e-gres'-sur, s. One who goes out. Egret, e-gret, s. A tuft of feathers, those of the little egret heron being the most esteemed. The name applies to two species ot herons, viz., the Ardea garzetta and A. alba, the little and the great egret. The term is likewise applied to a species of monkey, the Simia lutea of Linnseus.—In botany, the flying feathery or hairy crown of seeds. Egrette, c-firref, s. A tuft of feathers, diamonds, i an ornament of ribbons. E&RTMONT [ 325 ] ELATE The herb agrimony; J great sorrow. Eoriot, (f-gre-ot^ s. A kind of sour cherry. EoyPTiA.N, e-jip'-shany 8. A native or inhabitant of Egypt; a gipsy; a kind of thick-faced type; a large sized paper, chiefly used for drawings. — a. Pertaining to Egypt.— Egyptian lotus is the name of the plant Nymphcea lotus, a native of Egypt.— Egyptian kale is a variety of the turnip-stemmed cabbage. — Egyptian pebble^ a species of agate or jasper. Egyptian-blue, e-jip'-shan-blu, s. A bright-coloured pigment, produced by the hydrated protoxide of cop¬ per, mixed with a small quantity of iron. Eh, ay, exclam. Denoting inquiry or slight surprise. Ehretiace.®, er-et-e-a'-se-e, s. A natural order of Exo¬ genous plants, of which the genus Ehretia is the type; so called from the French botanist Ehret. Eidam, i’-dam, s. A sort of Dutch cheese. Eider, Is. A species of sea-duck, Eider-duck, e'-der^duk,] found in the Shetland Isles, the Orkneys, &c., and producing uncommonly fine down. Eider-down, e'-der-down, s. Down or soft feathers of' the eider-duck. Eidograph, ef-do-graf, s. A sort of pentegraph, in¬ vented by Professor 'Wallace, of Edinburgh, for the purpose of copying plans or drawings. Eidouranion, e-du-ra'~ne-un, s. A representation of the heavens. Eigh, ay, exclam. An expression of sudden delight. Eight, ate, a. Twice four; expressing the number twice four. Eighteen, a’-teen, a. Eight and ten united. Eighteenmo, a-teen'-mo, s. A compound of the English eighteen; denoting the size of a book in which a sheet is doubled into eighteen leaves. Eighteenth, a'-teenth, a. The next in order after the seventeenth. Eightfold, a. Eight times the number or quantity. Eighth, ayth, a. Noting the number eight; the number next after seven; the ordinal of eight. - 8. In music, an interval composed of five tones and two semi-tones. Ei/ahthly, ayth'-le, ad. In the eighth place. EiotiTiETH, ay'-te-eth, a. The next in order to the seventy-ninth; the eighth tenth. Eightscore, aytef-skore, a. or n. Eight times twenty, a hundred and sixty. Eighty, ay'-te, a. Eight times ten; fourscore. Eigne, ayne, s. An old law term denoting the first bom or eldest son ; bastard eigne being the eldest son bom out of wedlock. —t a. Unalienable; entailed; belonging to the eldest son. EiSEL,:j: e'-sel, s. Vinegar. Eisteddfod, e-sted'-fod, s. An assembly of Welsh bards, met together for the purpose of receiving prizes for their musical or poetical compositions. The custom was first established by the Welsh princes; and has been recently revived by the Gwynnedigiou and Cambrian Society, which assembles annually for the adjudging of prizes for poetical recitations and performances on the harp. Either, ef-ther, a. or pron. One or other of any number; one of two; each; every one, separately considered. Ejaculate, e-jak'-u-late, v.a. or n. To exclaim, or give sudden utterance to; to utter, as a short prayer; 4: to shout out; to cast; to dart. Ejaculatjon, e-jak~u-la'~shun, s. The uttering of a short prayer, or a short occasional prayer uttered; ±the act of throwing or darting out with a sudden force or rapid flight. Ejaculatory, e-jak'-u-ld-tur-e, a. Uttered in short sentences; sudden; hasty; $ casting; throwing out. Eject, e-jekf, v.a. To throw out; to cast forth; to thrust out; to discharge through the natural passages or emunctories; to evacuate; to throw out, expel, or dismiss from an office; to turn out; to dispossess of land o?* estate; to drive away; to dismiss with hatred; to cast away ; to reject; to banish. Ejecta, e-jek'-td, s. An old law term, appl 3 ring to a woman who has lost her reputation, and is ^ected &om virtuous society. Ejected, e^ekf-ed, pp. of the verb to ^ect. Ejection, e-Jefi^~shnn,6. The act of casting out; ex¬ pulsion j dismission from office, disposition, a curniii* out from possession by force or authority; the discharge of any excrementitious matter through the pores or other emunctories; evacuation; vomit¬ ing, &c. Ejectment, e-jekf-ment, s. A casting out; a disposscR- sion.—In law, a writ or action which lies for the recovery of possession of land from which the owner has been ejected. Ejector, e-jek'-tur, 8. One who ejects or dispossesses another of his land. Ejulation, e-ju-la'-shun, s. Outcry; a wailing; a loud cry expressive of grief or pam; mourning; la¬ mentation. Ejuration, e-ju-ra'-shun, s. A renouncing or resignicg a particular place. Ejure, e-jure', v.a. To renounce. Eke, ce/t, v.a. To increase; to enlarge; to add to; to supply what is wanted; to enlarge by addition; to lengthen; to prolong. —+ ad. Also; likewise; in addition. Ekebergitb, e-ke-ber'-jite, s. The name of a greenish- brown and transparent mineral, so called in honoui* of M. Ekeberg, the discoverer. Eked, eekd. pp. or a. Increased; lengthened. Eking, eek!-ing, s. Increase or addition. Elaborate, e-lab'-o-rate, v.a. To produce with labour to improve or refine by successive operations. — a. wrought with labour; finished with great diligence; executed with exactness; studied; highly wrought. Elaborated, e-lab'-o-ra4ed, pp. or a. Produced with labour or study. Elaborately, erlatZ-o-rate-le, ad. With great labour or study; with nice regard to exactness. Elaborateness, e-lab'-o-rate-nes. s. The quality of being elaborate, or wrought with great labour. Elaboration, e-lab- 0 ‘ra'-shun,‘%. Improvement or re¬ finement Dy successive operations. — In science, the various changes which matter undergoes during the process of transformation or assii^a- tion. Elaborator, e-lab'-o-rd-tur, s. One who elaborates. Elaboratory, e-lab'-o-rd-tur-e, a. Elaborating. EL.fflAGNACE.ffi, el-e-ag-na'-se-s, s- A natural order of Exogenous plants, of which the genus Elaeagnus is the type. They nearly resemble the olive. Elaidic Acid, e-l-^-^d'-ik as'-id, s. A peculiar acid obtained by the saponification of elaidin. Elaidin, e-la'-e-din^ s. A fatty substance produced by the action of nitric acid upon certain oils, especially castor-oil. Elaine, e-la'-in, s. The liquid principle of oils and fats, after the stearine has been pressed out. Elaiometer, e-lay-om'-e-ter, s. An instrument used for discovering adulteration in olive oil. Elampivo, e-lamp'-ing, a. Shining. Elance, e-lanse', v.a. To throw or shoot; to hurl; to dart. Eland, e'-land, s. A species of clumsy antelope in Africa, Elaiodic, e-la-od'-ik, a. Derived from castor-oil. Elaolitb, e-la'-o~lite, s. A mineral of a greyish green with bluish and reddish shades of colour. ■ It consists of silica, alumina, lime, potash, soda, and oxide of iron, and is a variety of nepheline. Elaopten, e-ld-op’-ten, s. The liquid portion of a vege¬ table oil. Elapidation, e-lap-e-da'-shun, s. A clearing away of stones. Elapse, e-laps^, v.n. To slide away, to slip or glide away; to pass away silently. Ebapsed, e-lapsf, pp. Slid or passed away. Elaqueate, e-lakf-kwe-ate, v.a. To disentangle. Elasmotherium, e-las-mo-the'-re-wn, s. The name of an extinct race of pachydermatous Mammalia. Elastic, e-la^-tik, ) a. Springing hack; having Elastical, e-Zcr«'-ie- 7 i;aZ, j the power of returning to the form from which it is bent, extended, depressed, or distort^; rebounding; flying back. Elastically, e-las'-te-kal^e, ad. In an elastic manner, by an elastic power; with a spring. Elasticity, e-las-tis'-e-te, 8. The inherent property In bodies, by which they recover their former figure oi state, after external pressure, tension, or cUstortion. Elate, e-lat^, a. Raised; elevated in mind; flushed, proud, lofty, or exalted. — vn. To raise or rwsU, es tlte mind or spirits; to ELATED C 326 ] ELEOTEICIAN elevate with success; to puff up; to make proud, to raise; to exalt. . . , . ELA.TED, e4a'-ted, pp. or a. Elevated in mind or spirits; puffed i», as with honour, success, or prosperity. PiLA.TEDLT, e-la*-ted-le j ad. With elation; In a con¬ ceited manner. Ela.tei)xe88, e-la'-ted-neSy s. An excited state. Et-a-Terih^, e-ld-ter'-e-d^ 8. A family of Coleopterous insects, of which the neater is the type. Ela.terine, e-lat'-er-in^ s. The active principle of Elaterite, e-laif-ev-itey s. An elastic mineral pitch, a brown massive variety of bitumen. Elaterium, e-la-te'-re-um, 8. A substance deposited from the very acrid juice of the Momordica elaterium, wild cucumber. , . ^ x- Elaterometer, e-lat-er-oin*-e-teTy s. An instrument for measuring the degree of diversity or rarefaction of air contained in the receiver of an air-pump. Elatert, eV-d-ter-By s. Acting force or elasticity. Elatinace^, e-lat-e-na'-se-Cy s. A natural order of Exogens (the Water Peppers), consisting of small annual plants growing in mai'Shy places; to which the Elatiney or Water-wort, belongs. Elation, e-la'-shuiiy s. An inflation or elevation of mind proceeding from self-approbation; self-esteem, vanity, or pride, resulting from success; haughtiness; pride of prosperity. Elator, e-la’-tur, s. One who or that which elates. ELAXA.TION, e-laks-a*-shun, s. The act of untying, or unloosing. El ow, el*-ho, s. The outer angle made by the bimo of the arm; any flexui’e or angle; the obtuse anirle of a wall, building, or road, a term applied to the upright sides which flank any panelled work.— To be at the dhow, is to be very near, or at hand.— To he out at the elbows, is to b'' reduced to poverty. — v.a. To push with the elbow, to push or drive to a distance; to encroach on. — v.n. To jut into an angle; to project; to bend. Elbcw-chair, eV-ho-tchare. 8. A chair with arms to support the elbows; an arm-chair. Elbow-room, eV-ho-room, s. Room to extend the elbows on each side ; freedom from confinement; room for motion or action. Elbowed, el'-hode, pp. or a. Pushed with the elbows. Eld,$ eld, s. Old age; decrepitude; old people. Elder, el'-der, a. The comparative degree of eld, now written old. Older, senior; having lived a longer time; horn, produced, or formed before something else; prior in origin; preceding in the date of a com¬ mission. — 8. One who is older than another or others; a person advanced in life ; an ancestor; one who, on account of his age and experience, is selected for office.— Among the Jews, the Elders were persons distin¬ guished for their age, wisdom, and experience, and seventy of them were associated with Moses in the government of the people. In the first Christian chui’ches, Elders were persons who enjoyed offices or ecclesiastical functions; and included pastors, pres¬ byters, or overseers.—In the Presbyterian Church, the term is applied to officers who, with the pastor, com¬ pose the‘church session, and administer the discipline of the cburch to which they belong.—In the Baptist Church, an ordained minister, to whom the same title was also given in the early Congregational Chui-ches. —The common English name of a small tree called by botanists sambucus; it has a spongy pith, and bears dark purple berries, from which eMer wine is made. Elderly, el'-der-le, a. Somewhat old; advanced be¬ yond middle age; bordering on old age. _ Eldership, el'-der-ship, s. Seniority ; the state of being older; the office oi lai elder; presbytery; order of eiders. Eldest, el'-dest, a. Oldest; most advanced in age. Elding, eV-ding, s. Fuel. {Local.) El-dorado, el-do-rd'-do, s. (Span.) A fabulous region in the interior of South America, supposed to be rich beyond all others, especially in gold, gen^, &c. , Eldritch, el'-dritch, a. Hideous; ghastly; demoniacal. Bleatic, e-le-af-ik, a. An epithet given to a certain sect of philosophers, so called from the town of Elea Elecampane, el-e-kam'-pa7ie, s. A plant (Jniila Hele- nium) of a pungent taste, and formerly of much repute as a stomachic. ^ SiusoT, 0 ‘lekf, v.a. To choose, select, or prefer; to pick out, from among two or more; to take for an office or employment; to choose from among a number; to manifest preference by vote or designation.—In the^ logy, to designate, choose, or select as an object of mercy or favour; to decide or determine in favour of. Elect, a. Chosen; taken by preference from among two or more.—In theology, chosen as the object of mercy ; predestinated in the Divine counsels; chosen, but not inaugurated, consecrated, or invested with office. — 8. One chosen or set apart; predestinated to glory as the end, and to sanctification as the means; set apart as a peculiar church and people. ELECTANT,t e-lekf'tant, s. One who has the power of choosing. Elected, e-lek'-ted, pp. of the verb to elect. Electicism, e-lek'-te^sizm, s. The system of selecting, doctrines and opinions from other systems. Election, e-lek'-shun, s. The act of choosing ; the act of selecting one or more from others; the act of choos¬ ing a person to fill an office or employment by any manifestation of preference; the public choice off officers; Liberty to act or not; power of choosing: or selecting; discernment; discrimination.—In theo¬ logy, Divine choice; predetermination of God, by* wliich persons are ^stinguished as objects of mercy, become subjects of grace, are sanctified, and prepared for heaven. Electioneer, e-lek-shu7i-eer', v.n. To make interest for a candidate at an election; to use arts for securing the election of a candidate. Electioneereb, e-le.k-shu7i-eer* er, s. One who elec¬ tioneers. Electioneering, e-lek-shnn-eer'-ing, s. The arts or practices used for securing the choice of one to office. Elective, e-lek’-tiv, a. Dependent on choice; bestowed or passing by election; pertaining to or consisting in choice or right of choosing, exerting the power of choice, selecting for combination. Electively, e-le.k^-fiv-le, ad By choice; with prefer¬ ence of one to another. Elector, e-lek'-txir, s. One who elects, or one who has the right of choice ; a person who has, by law or con¬ stitution, the right of voting for an officer.—In the old German Empire, electors were certain princes who had the right of electing the emperor. Electoral, e-lek'-tur-al, a. Pertaining to election or electors. Blectohate, e-UV-tur-ate, 8. The dignity or territory of an elector in the German Empire. ELECTonEss, e-lek’-tur-es, s. The same as electress. Electorship, e-lek'-tur-ship, s. The office of an elector. Electee, ± e-lek'-tr, s. Amber. Electrepeter, e-lek-trep'-€-ter, s. An instrument for changing the direction of electrical currents. Electress, e-lek'-treSf s. The wife or widow of an elector in the German Empire. Electric, e-lek'-trik, 1 a. Containing electricity, Electrical, e-JeW-tre-kal, j or capable of exhibiting it when excited by friction; derived from or pro¬ duced by electricity; communicating a shock like electricity.— Electric aura is a cuiTcnt of electrified air, employed as a mUd stimulant in electrifying sen¬ sitive parts, as the ear or the eje.—Electric circuit, or Electric current, is the transmission of electricity from a body overcharged to one that is undercharged, through the agency of metallic wires or conductors. —Electric column is a sort of electric pile invented by De Euc, composed of thin plates of different metals, with paper interposed between Vieva..—Electric tele¬ graph is a mode of transmitting messages and ia- teUigence by means of electricity over wires, either for long or short distances.—EiecJi-tc mire is the popular name for the wires of the magnetic tele¬ graph. Electric, e-leK-trik, s. Any body or substance em¬ ployed to excite or accumulate the electric fluid, as glass, amber, &c. Electrically, e-lek'-tre-hal-le, ad. In the manner oi electricity, or by means of it. Electric-eel, e-lek'-trik-eel, s. An eel or fish of the genns gymnotus. from two to five feet long, and aole to give a violent electric shock. Electrician, e-lek-trish'-an, s. One who studies elec¬ tricity and investigates its properties by observation and experiments • versed in the science of elec¬ tricity ELECTRICITY C 327 ] ELEGIT flLBCTRi€iTY,^?-7eA;-frtV-e-fej 8. The subtile agent called the electric fluid, usually excited by friction, the science which unfolds the plienomena and laws of the electric fluid. It was so called from the Greek word for amber, because it was in the friction of this substance that it was first observed. The phenomena of electricity are such as attraction and repulsion, heat and Light, shocks of the animal system, and mechanical violence. Electripiable, e-lektrt-fi'-ii-blyZ., Capable of receiving eiwiricity, or of being charged with it; that may become electric. Electrification, e-lek-tre-fe-ka'-shun, s. The act of electrifying, or state of being charged with elec¬ tricity. Electrifiei), e-lek'-tre-Jide, pp. or a. Charged with electricity; subjected to the shock of electricity. Blectrity, e-lek-tre-Ji^ v.a. To communicate elec¬ tricity to; to charge with electricity; to cause elec¬ tricity to pa&s through; to affect by electricity; to give an electric shock to • to excite suddenly or give a sudden impulse. — v.n. To become electric. Electrine, e-lek'-trin, a. Belonging to amber. Electbization, e-icA-fre-aa'-sAwn, 8. The act of elec¬ trizing. Electrize, e-lekf-trize, v.a. TS electrify. Electrized, «-leh^-trize'dy pp. or a. Charged with elec¬ tricity. Electrizerb, 8. A name applied to the plates of copper or silver and zinc which are prepared for medical purposes. Electro, e-^e/c’-iro, a. A term extensively used as a prefix in the composition of words appertaining to electricity ; as Electro-biology, the science of electrical forces as shown in mesmerism.— that portion of electric science which treats of the agency of electricity and galvani^n in effecting che¬ mical Qh‘Aii^e%.~Electro-cheniicaly that which pertains to electro-chemistry.— Electro-dynamics, the pheno¬ mena of electricity in moiioii.—Electro-gilding, a mode_ of gilding copper or silver by the agency of voltaic electricity. — Electro-magnetic, designating what pertains to magnetism, as connected with electricity, or affected by it.^Electro-magnetic Tele¬ graph, an apparatus for conveying intelligence, by means of electricity moving between two places on iron wfres.— Electro-magnetisin, that science which treats of the agency of electricity and galvanism in communicating magnetic Electro-metal- lurgy, the art of depositing metals held in solution, as silver, gold, <&c., on prepared surfaces, through the agency of voltaic electricity or galvanism. See El-ec- TROT\EE.—Electro-motio7i. the motion of electricity or galvanism, or the passing of it from one metal to another—Electro-motive, producing electro-motion.— Electro-negative, a term denoting the natural state of a body, or a particle of matter, which makes it tend to the positive pole of a voltaic oattery.—Electro-polar, a term applied to conductors, one end or surface of which is positive and the other negative.—Electro¬ positive, a term denoting the natural state of a body, or a particle of matter, which makes it tend to the negative pole of a voltaic hattery.-Electro-telegraphic, belonging to the electro-magnetic telegraph, or by its means. Electrode, e-lek!-trode, s. A name applied to what is called the pole of the voltaic circle. The electrodes are the surfaces, air, water, metal, &c., which serve to convey an electric current into and from the liquid to be decomposed. Electrolysis, e-lek-trol'-e-sis, s. The act of decom¬ posing a compound substance by the action of electri¬ city or galvanism. Electrolyte, e-Uk'-tro-Ute, s. A compound which may be directly decom^sed by an electric current. Electrolyze, e-lek -tro-lize. v.a. To decompose a com¬ pound substance by the direct action of efecti’icity or galvanism. Electrometer, e-lek-trom'-e-ter, s. An instrument for measui’ing the quantity or intensity of electricity, or for indicating the presence of electricity; an instru¬ ment for discharging electricity from a jar. Electrometrica.l, e-Lek-tro-metf-re-kal, a. Bertaining to an electrometer; made by aa electrometer. Electromotor, e-lek-tro-mo'-tur, s. A mover of the electric fluid; a piece of apparatus for generating a ourreat of electricity. , ; also a mixture of gold I Electron, e-^eA'-^ron, 8. Amber; ‘ with a fifth pari of silver. I ELECTRoPHoRr s, e-lek-truf'-o-rus, s. An instrumeeit for ; exciting electricity in small quantities, consLsting of a flat smooth cake of resin, acted upon by a circular : plate of bi-ass, with a glass handle. It is a convenient substitute on a small scale for the electric machine j and its objects. ; Electro-plate, e-lek'-tro-plate, s. A precipitation of i silver or gold on a suiTace of copper, or Gennan silver I metal. Electroscope, e-l-ek'-tro-sKope, s. An instrument for rendering electrical excitation apparent by its effects. Electro-tint, e-leW-tro-tint, s. The art or process by which an etching is produced tlirough the means of ga-lvanism. The plate used for the purpose is of mixed metal, presenting a white surface, si‘Aanii’« foot, a genus of tropical plants, the .EZepAanZopMS. * 1 Elephantiasis, el-e-fan-tx-d-sis, s. (Eat.) A disease, in which the skin is thick, livid, wrinkled, tubercu- late, and destitute of feeling.__ _ Elephantine, el-e-fan'-tine, a. Pertaining to the ele¬ phant , huge; resembling an elephant; or perhaps white, like ivory.—In antiquity, an appellation given to certain books in which the Romans registered the transactions of the senate, magistrates, emperors, and generals —Elephantine epoch, in geology, is that period when there was a preponderance of the large pachy- dermata. Pertaining to an elench; Resembling the form of an ele- Elephantoid, ei-e-fan'-toyd, Elephantoidal, el-e-fan-ioy -dal, ei a, Pwelating to Eleusis, in Greece, or to the mystic rites it honour of Ceres, which were there cele'bratcd. . , , Eleutheri A, ^Z-eu?-s. An ancient festival cele¬ brated at Platsea, to commemorate the victory ob¬ tained by Pausanias over the Persians. Elevate, el'-e-vate,\.Q.. To raise from a low or deep place to a higher, t© raise to a higher state or station, to improve, refine, or dignify; to raise from or above low conceptions; to raise from a low or common state; to elate with pride; to raise in mind and feel¬ ings ; to raise from any tone to one more acute; to augment or swell; to make louder. — a. Elevated; raised aloft. Elevated, el-e-va'-ted,pp. ox 2 l. Raised; exalted; dig¬ nified; elated. Elevation, el-e-va'-shim, s. The act of raising or con veying from a lower or deeper place to a higher; the act of exalting in rank, degree, or condition; exalta • tlon; an elevated state; dignity; exaltation of mind by more noble conceptions; exaltation of style; lofty expressions; words and phrases expressive of lofty conceptions; exaltation of character or raaunens; attention to objects above us; a raising of the mind to superior objects; height; altitude; an elevated place or station; elevated ground; a hill or mountain; a passing of the voice from any note to one more acute; abo, a swelling-or augmentation of voice.—In asti-onomy, altitude; the distance of a celestial object above tbe horizon, or the arc of a vertical circle inter¬ cepted between it and the horizon.—In gunnery, the angle which the line of direction of a cannon or mortar, or the axis of the hollow cylinder, makes with the plane of the horizon.—In dialing, the angle which the style makes with the substylar line.—In music, a term applied to the progression of the tones ol the voice or instrument, from grave to acute ; and also used to signify the raising of the hand or foot in beating time.—In architecture, a view or representa¬ tion or a building or object drawn to a geometrical scale of its height above the ground, there being no vanishing points, as in perspective representation.— In the Roman Catholic services, the elevation of the host is that part of the mass in which the priest raises the host above his head, for the people to adore. Elevator, el-e-va'-tur, s. One who raises, lifts, or exalts.—In anatomy, a muscle which serves to raise a part of the body, as the lip or the eye; a suiglcal in¬ strument fbr raising a depressed portion of a bone.— In milling, a term applied to a series of small boxes fastened by a strap and moved by a wheel, to raise grain, from a lower to a higher floor. Elevatohy, el-e-va'-tur~e, s. An instrument used in trepanning, for raising a depressed or fractured part of the skiul- — a. Tending to raise, or having power to elevate. Eleve, el-ave', s. (Pr.) One brought up or protected by another. Eleven, e-lev'n, a. Ten and one added. Eleventh, e-lev'nth, a. The next in order to the tenth. Ele, elf, 8.; pi. Elves. A diminutive wandering spirit; a fairy, a hobgoblin, or evil spirit, which our rude ancestors imagined to haunt groves and other seques¬ tered spots, and play mischievous tricks, an idea which Sliakspeare has so poetically emhooied in bis dramatic writings; a diminutive or insigniticanl person ; a dwarf. — v.a. To entangle hair in so in ricate a manner that it cannot be disentangled. Elf-ARROW, elf'-ar-ro, \ s. A name given to flints in tlie Elf-bolt, elf-boalt, ) shape of aiTow-heads, vul¬ garly supposed to be shot by fairies. Elf-lock, elf'-lok, s. Hair twisted in a lock, so deno¬ minated as if the work of fairies. Elfin, el'-fin, a. Relating or pertaining to elves or dwarfs. — s. A little urchin. Elfish, el'-fish, a. Resembling elves; clad in disguise Elgin Marbles, eV-gin mar'bls, s.pl. A series of an¬ cient sculptured marbles, originally belonging to the Temple of Minerva at Athens, and so named from the Earl of Elgin, who removed them to Eng land in 1812. Elicit, v.a. To draw out, to bring to light to deduce by reason or argiunent; to strike out. —t- a. Brought into act; brought from possibility inW real existence. El-icxtate,J e-lis''ss-tate, v.a. To elicit. ELICITATION [ 32D ] ELOPEMENT Elicitation, e-lii-se-ta'-shun, 8. The act of eliciting, or of drawing out. , a syUable; Jto break or s. Jorthin-8 or ~ bilitv of being chosen to a.n office. r.f P,TmtRLE el'-e-%-bl, a. Fit to be chosen; worthy of ^choice ’ preferable ; suitable ; proper; desirable ; le- Fitness to be Chosen in ^preference to another; suitableness; desiraWeness. Elioibly , eV-e-je-bhy ad. In a manntr to be worthy ot Etm™iioN!?“4-»-b^ a- The act of devour- EullTU.t el'-e-mate, v.n. To cut off with a file; to Eli°ma«on + el-e-ma’-shim, 8. A filing or polishing off. EumwItu, v.a. To thrust out of dooij; to expel; to thrust out; to discharge, or throw off. to set at Uberty.—In ofpeira, to cause a quantity to ^rt=g ^off" “aef “dfschlrlint or' tfc-retinl by the pores.—In algebra, the causmg a quantity to migue-tled; not having the BfiQD!M™TrSi!t'-«>d-mm«. 9- A J“ce squeezed out BniQD^'imoN, el-e-kwa'-shun, s. In chemistry, the opera- tion bv which a more fusible substance is separated frZ LIXt is less so, by means of heat, as silver Emsj™“?-^izA'-tm, s. In prnmmor, the BUDOression of a vowel at the end of a woid, tor the sake of sounder measure, when the next rrord begins with a vowel, as th’ embattled plain; tdivision; EmsoR™f-°ize'-«r, s. In law, a sheriff's substitute for Eu-jE^f^k^Ti^.J A choice^or select body. Elixate, e-jA'-sa(e, v.a. To extract by boiling. Elixation , e-lik-sa’-shun, s. The act of boiUng or stew¬ ing , concoction in the stomach; digestion.—In macy, the extraction of the virtues of ingredients by boiling or stewing; lixiTiation. ___ El IXIK e-Hk'-sur, s. In medicine, a tincture with more than one base; a liquor for transmuting metals ii to gold , quintessence; refined spirit; any cordial , that substance which Ih^'f'b'ates.—EliTir o/lore is a suV stance prepared at Aboyna, in the Easu Indies, fiom the seeds of the plant G-rammactophytlum speciosum. Elizabethan, e-liz-a-be'-than, a.. Pertaining to Queen ES'^Wi'^'k^A^'quadruped of the cervine genus, with “"paimatW hom^; also ialled ;»oose.-The^ gigantic species of tiie fallow-deer, found fossil in fr&and and the Isle of Man, but cow extinct Elk-nut, elk'-nut 8. A name lor the oily nut of the Ilamiltonia uleifera. , ^ Elk WOOD, eW-wood, xS. A name given to the soft spongy wood of the Magnolia umbrella, or Umbrella Ell^ i, s. A measure, of different lengths in different countries, used chiefly for nieasming cloth. TT e English ell is 49 inches ; the Scotch, 3i 2, the Et'LAo'ic Acin, el-laj'-ik as'-id, s. A weak, insipid acid, obtained from gall-nuts, in which it co-exists with B?. m!oRiN‘'ri-ir6’-o-rin, 8. An acrid kind of resin, ob¬ tained from the plant Hellehorus hymenahs. Bi LiNoE.t el’-linj, a. Cheerless ; sad. • E!.LiNOF,NEss,t ei'-lvij-Hes, s. Loneliness; dumess, cheerlessness. _ „ liLLirsE •i-iips', I 8. ; pi. Ellipses. In geometry, J. Elli psis, d-lip'-siSy ] figure formed by the interse .tion of a plane and cone, when the plane passes obliquely til rough the opposite side of the cone .—In grammar, defect. omission ; a figure of syntax, by which one or more words are omitted. * , __ Er,LirsoGKA.rij, el-lip'-so-graf, s. An instrument for describing ellipses. Ellipsoid, el-hp'-soyd, s. In geometmj, a solid w foiTcned by the revolution of an ellipse about its aais. an elliptic conoid; a spheroia. , . Ellipsoidal, el-lip-soy'-dal, a. Pertaining to an ellip sold - having the form of an ellipsoid. Elupsolithe^ el-lip'-so-liih-es, s. The name of certain fossil Cephalopods fOLtnd in the carboniferous lime P.^l^ps^nsTowA el-lip-sns'-tom-ii, 8. A family of Mol- the siieus J Which have an^mp^calapertjwe.^ ie-kal, 'having the' form of an Suple having a part oraitted.-EHinr.c comp«s5r.i are instruments used for describing an ellipse. Ellipticallv, el-lip'de-kal-le ad. Accordmg to the fleure called an ellipse; with a part omitted. , _ Et SiciTT el iip-lis'-e-le, s. Deviation from the fom of a sphere, being the difference between the equa torial and polar diameters. rxv Elliptoid, el-lip'-toyd, s. In geomety, a,n tatoite or indefinite ellipse defined by the indefinite equation. EiMfetell s Tfo?esttreeof the ge'ius pr^elr>oution or who treats of the subject. TilooTTivl’Mew’-tiv, a. Having the power of elo- bZTs! 8. sweaty fever or sickness, known EL^E,^ef-^y,’‘sl‘'‘f mneral oration , a panegyric on the dead. , . * t'^”"me^'praise bestowed on a Elooium, e-lo-je’-um, 1 person or *^‘2? ’..P Elohi, «-io'-e, \ s. A name given in Scriptuie to the of the names of EL 0 iti*^^toun', v.a. (Sometimes written Eloigne.) To separate ami remove to a distance; to convey to a di. - taiice, and withhold from sight. Elgin ATE. V.a. To remove. i « eIoiSm^nt, e-loyn'-merit, s. Distance; removal to » BM?.^“-io»p', v.a. To put far off; to retard. fZo7A;Tlong'-gate, v.a. To lengthen; to extend. _ V n'^' t^ dlp^rt from; to recede; to move to a greater distance; to recede apparently from the sun. as a BreNalUD,*'c-toa^-pa-Ie. B. The act of stretching or°engthening; ttie state of being extended ; dis tance; space which separates one tiling from another departure; removal; recession; extension,contmm atmn.-In astronomy, the distance of a planet from the sun, as it appears to the ctb of a spectator on the earth.—In surgery, an impeirect luxation, occamoned by the stretching or lengthening of the '‘f?™®"'’? i ™ the extension of a part beyond its natural dimensions. Elope, e-lope', v.n. To run away ; to quit “"f ^ ^5.™' without permission or right; to H run away from a husband with anqthei man, or to quit a father’s or guardian’s house privately, or with- out permission, with a gallant. P.Topi'V, PP-of the verb to eiopc. eI^sh'bnt, s. Private or unheensed do p^ure from the place or Bf^tion to which one n ^i”-ned bv duty or law, particularly of a wife froa her husband, or a daughter or ward with a gallant. ELOPS [ 330 ] EMASCULATED Slops, e'-lops, s. A flsli inhabiting the seas of America and the West Indies. RLoanENCE, eV-n-kwe)ls, s. A combination of oratory, logic, rhetoric, and poetical phraseology ; a good elo¬ cution or utterance; coiTect, appropriate, and rich expressions, with ffiiency, animation, and suitable action: the power of expressing strong emotions with fluency and force; forcible language, which gives utterance to deep emotion; bililiancy of Ian guage in written composition Eloquent, el'-o-kxventy a. Having the power of ex¬ pressing strong emotions in a vivid and appropriate manner ; adapted to express strong emotion, fluencv, and power. Eloquently, eV'-o-kwent-lB} ad. With eloquence; in an eloquent manner; in a manner to please, affect and pci*suade. Else, els, a. or pron. Other; one or something besides. — ad. Otherwise; in the other case; if the fact were differcn t; besides ; except that mentioned. Elsen, eVsn, s. A shoemaker’s awl. Elsewhere, eW-hioarcy ad. In any other place ; in some other place; in other places, indetinitely. Elucidate, e-4u'-se-date, v.a. To explain, illustrate, or expound; to make clear or manifest; to remove ob¬ scurity from, and render intelligible. Elucidated, e-lu'-se-da-ied, pp. of the verb to elucidate. Elucidation, e-lu-se~da'-shun, s. The act of explaining or throwing light on any obscure subject; illustration, exposition, annotation, or comment. Elucidative, e-hi'-se-da-tiv, a. Making clear; exola- natory. ^ Elucidator, e-lu-8e-da‘-tur,s. One who explains; an expositor. Elucidatory, e-lu'-se-dd-tur-e, a. Tending to eluci¬ date. Eluctatton, e-luk-ta'-skun, s. The act of burstinff forth; escape. Elude, e-lude', v.a. To evade, avoid, or escape; to avoid bv artifice, stratagem, wiles, deceit, or dex¬ terity ; to mock by an unexpected escape ; to remain unseen or undiscovered. Eluded, pp. of the verb to elude. Eludible, e-hi'-de~ht, a. That may be eluded or escaped. Elul, e'-lul, s. The twelfth month of the civil Jewish year, and the sixth of the ecclesiastical, corresponding nearly to our August. ELUMBATED.t e-lum'-hd-ted, a. Weakened in the loins. Elusion, e-lew'-zhun, s. An escape by artifice or decep¬ tion; evasion. Elusive, e-lew'-siv, a. Practising elusion; using arts to escape. Elusoriness, e-Uw'-suA'-e-neSy 8. The state of being elu¬ sory. Elusory, e-lew'-sur-e, a. Tending to elude; tending to deceive; evasive, fraudulent, or deceptive. Elute, e-leiot', v.a. To wash off; to cleanse; to nu- rify. ^ Elutriate, e-lew'-tre-ate, v.a. To purify by washing; to Cleese, as a pulverulent substance, by separating foul matter, and decanting or straining off the liquor. Elutriated, e-lew'-tre-a-ted, pp, of the verb to elutriate. Elutriation, e-lew-tre-a'-shun, s. The operation of washing a pulverulent substance by mixing it with water, and pouring off the liquid, in which the foul or extraneous substances are floating, while the heavier particles are deposited at the bottom. Eluxate, e-luks'-ate. v.a. To dislocate. See Luxate. Eluxation, e-luks-af-shun, s. The dislocation of a bone See Luxation. Elvan, el'-van, a. Pertaining to elves. Elvans, el'-vans. s. A mineral stone intermediate between granite and porphyry. Elvas-plum, el'-vas-plam, s. A Kind of dried prune • a dessert fruit sold in boxes. ’ Elve^ elv, 8. A mining name for the shaft or handle of a pick. iSLvE-LOCK. elf^-lok. See Ele-lock. Elvers, eV-verz, s.pl. Young eels; young congers or sea-eels. Elves, elvz, pi. of Elp. Blyish , el'-vish, a. More properly Ernsn. Ei.vTSH-MiRKED,t el'-vish-mUrkd, a. Marked or dis¬ figured by elTes. Ei.ydoric, el-e-dor'-ik, An epithet applied to a species of painting with oil and water, so as to add the freshness of water-eolonrs to the meilomiess of oU-painting Elysian, e-l.sA -yan, a. Pei-talning to Elysium, or tb . seat of delight; yielding the highest pleasures; deli ciously sootliing; exceedingly delightfW. ^ ' Elysium e-lizh'-yum, s. In mythology, the region as¬ signed to the spirits of the Ylrtuous after death,rera srated as furnished with rich fields, groYes, shad )re- les. . -TTXI,U XiVU 1ICJ streams, &c.; any delightful place. ^sheath^^' a. In the form of a wing- Elytron, eV-e-tron, 1 s.; pi. Elytra. The wing-sheath Elytrum, el-e-trum, ] of beetles; an outer hard case beneath which are the true wings. Elzevir el'-ze-vir, s. A term applied to the ad- ^able editions of the classics published* by the Elxevir family at Amsterdam and Leyden, during the 16th and 17th centuries. 'Em. a contraction of Them. Emaceeate,$ e-mas'-er-aie, v.a. To make lean. Lmaceration,$ e-mas-er-a'-shun, s. A making lean emaciation. ® ’ Emaciate, e-ma'-she-ate, v.n. To lose flesh gi’aduallv to become lean by pining with sorrow, or by loss of or other cause; to waste away, or to decay m flesh. •v.a. To cause to lose flesh gradually; to waste the flesh and redace to leanness. — a. Thin; wasted. Emaciated, e-ma'-she-a-ted, pp. or a. Eednced to lean¬ ness by a gradual loss of flesh; thin; lean. Emaciation, e-ma-she-a’-shttn, s. The act of making lean or thin in flesh; or the becoming lean bv a ^ra- of flesh; the state of Being reducea lo EMAcuLATB,t e-mak'-u-lat€. v.a. To take spots from. EMAcuLATioNjt e-mak-it-la-shun, s. The act or opera- tion of freemg from spots. Emanant, cm'-d-nant, a. Issuing or flowing from. Emanate, enV-d-nate, v.n. To issue from a source or lountain; to flow from; to proceed or spring from. emanation, em-d-na'-shxin, s. The act of flowing or proceetog from a fountain-head or origin-, that which issues, flows, or proceeds from any source, sub¬ stance, or body/; efflux - effluvium * Emanativb, em'-d-nd-tiv, a. Issuing from another. Emancipate, e-man'-se-pate, v.a. To set free from ser- vitude or slavery, by the voluntaiy act of the pro- pi’ietor; to liberate; to restore from bondage to freedom; to set free, or restore to liberty; to liberate the mind from controlling power or influence.—In aixcunt Rome, to set a son free from subjection to his lather, and destroy the peculiar relation subsisting between them by law. ® — a. Set at liberty. Emancipated, e-man'-se-pa-ted, pp. or a. Bet free fron bondage, subjection, or dependence. Emancipation, e-mmi-se-pa'-shun, s. Deliverance liberation, or freedom; the act of setting free from slavery, servitude, subjection, or dependence; being delivered from bondage or controlling influence. E-mancipationist, c-wan-se-pa'-s7mn-is^,s. An advocate for the emancipation of slaves. Emancipator, e-man’-se-pa-tur, s. One who emanci¬ pates or liberates. Emancipist, e-man'-se-pist, s. A term appUed to eman- cjpated convicts in the colonies. Emane, e-mane', v.n. To issue or flow from. See Emanate. Emanuel, em-man'-u-el, s. A title of the Messiah; a Hebrew word signifying “ God with us.” EMARQiNATBjt e-mar'-jiu-ate, v.a. To take away the margin or edge of anything. Emarginated, e-mai''-jin-a-ted, a. In botany, applied to a leaf notched in a peculiar manner at the apex; in mineralogy, to a mineral having all the edges of the pnuiitive form truncated, each by one face; in conch- ology, to a shell without a margin, or when the edges. mstead of being level, are hollowed out. * Emarginatelt, e-mar'-jin-ate-le, ad. In the form of notches. Emargination, e-mar-Jin-a'-shnn, s. The act of cutting away the margin of a book, or the edge of anything Emasculate, e-wa«'-A:«-Zo^e, v.a. To castrate; to de¬ prive of virility or of masculine sfrength or vigour • to ^ftness effeminate ; to vittate by unma'nlj “ a. T> imanned; deprived of vigour. Emasculated, e-mas-ku-la-ied, pp. or a. Castrated weakened. EMASCULATION t 5S1 ] EMBLEM BMABCuiATioif, e-maa-ku-W-shunf s. The act Oi depriv¬ ing a male of the parts which characterize the sex; castration ; the act of depriving of vigour or strength; effeminacy; unmanly weakness. Embale, em-bale'y v.a. To make up into a bundle, bale, or package; to pack; to bind; to enclose. Emball4 em-bawl', v.a. To encircle or embrace. Emballino,^: em~bawl'-ing, s. An embrace. Embalm, em-bam', v.a. To open a dead body, take out the intestines, and fill their place with odoriferous and desiccative spices and drugs, to prevent its putre¬ faction; to fill with sweet scent; to preserve, with care and affection, from loss or decay. Embalmed, ein-h'dmd', pp. of the verb to embalm. Embalmeb, em-bam'-erf s. One who embalms bodies for preservation. Embalming, em-bdm'-mg, s. The act or art of fill ing a dead body with spices*for preservation. Embalmment, ein-b'dni'-rnent^ s. Act of embalming. Embank, em-banh', v.a. To enclose with a bank; to defend with a bank, or mounds, or dikes. Embanked, ern-hankt'f pp. of the verb to embank. Embankment, em’-bank'-ment, s. The act of surround¬ ing or defending with a bank; a mound or bank 1 raised for various purposes. Embae., em-hdr', v.a. To shut, close, or fasten with a bar; to make fast; to enclose so as to hinder egress or escape; to stop; to prevent entering; to hinder;' to block up. a» , Embarcation, em-hav-ka'-shun^ 8. See Embarkation. Embargo, em^bar'-go, s. A restraint on sMps, or proM- bition of sailing, either out of port or into port, or both, such prohibition being by public authority, for a limited time. Most generally, it is a prohibition of ships to leave a port. — v.a. To hinder or prevent ships from sailing out of port or into port, or both, hy some law or edict of sovereign authority, for a limited time; to stop; to hinder from being prosecuted by the departure or entrance of ships. Embargoed, eni-b'dr'-gode, pp. of the verb to embargo. Embargdements, em-b'dr^-ments. s.pl. Embargoes. Embark, em-hark', v.a. To put or cause to enter on board a ship or other vessel, or boat; to engage a person in any affair. - v.n. To go on hoard of a ship, boat, or vessel; to engage in any business; to undertake in; to take a share in. The act -of putting t of going Embarkation, em-bar-ka'-shun, s. on board of a ship or other vessel, or the act of goinj aboard; that which is embarked. Embarked, em-barkd', pp. Put on shipboard ; engaged in any affaii’. EMBARKMENT,-i- \ . . f s. AuUndertaking; Embarqdement,± 1 ment, J act of embarking. Embarrass, em-oa7''-ras, s. Embarrassment. — v.a. To put a bar or difficulty in the way; to per¬ plex, hinder, confuse, entangle, disconcert, or abash; to involve in difficulties; to render intricate, per¬ plexed, or entangled; to throw into mental perplexity or confusion; to subject to pecuniary pressui*e or perplexity; to create confusion and agitation of feeling. Embarrassed, cm-bar'-rasd, pp. or a. Perplexed or rendered infricate. Embarrassing, etn-bar'-ras-ing, ppr. or a. Pei’plexing, entangling, or confusing. Embarrassment, em-bar'-ras-7nent, s. Pei’plexity ; in¬ tricacy ; entanglement; confusion of mind; per¬ plexity arising from insolvency, or from temporal mability to discharge debts, confusion ; abashment. Embarred, em-bdrd', pp. of the verb to embar. Embase,+ em-base', v.a. To lower in value ; to vitiate; to deprave ; to impair ; to degrade ; to vilify. EMBASEMr:NT,+8. Act of depraving; de¬ pravation; deterioration. Embassade,+ ern'-bas-sade, s. An embassy. Embassador, cm-6«s'-sd-: . ability. Enact, v.a. To make, as a law ; to pass, ae a bill into a law; to perform the 1 ast act of a 1 egiela tu r t ■ ENACT [ 336 ] ENOHAEG-E to & bill, giving it validity as a law , to give legis¬ lative sanction to a bill; to decree i to establish as the will of the supreme power ; 4: to act; to perform; to effect; to represent in action. Enact 4 8. Purpose, determination. Enacted, eri-ak'-ted, pp. of the verb to enact. Enacting, en-akt-ing, a. Giviitg legislative forms and sanction. Enactive, en-ak'-tiv, a. Having power to enact or establish as a law. Enactment, en-akf-7nent, s. The passing of a bill into a law ; the act of voting, decreeing, and giving validity to a law. Enactor, t en-ak'-tur, s. One who enacts or passes a law; Jone who performs anything. Enacture,^ en-ak'~ture, s. Purpose. Enaliosaurians, en-al-e-o-satv'-i'e-anz, 8. The name of a group of extinct marine Saurians, which were fur¬ nished with paddles like those of a whale, and bad the head and trunk of a crocodile. Enallage, e-nal'-laje, s. In syntax, a change of words, or a substitution of one gender, number, case, person, tense, mood, or voice of the same word for another. Enallostegas, en-at-lo8''te'je,s. A family of foramini- ferous Cephalopods. Enambush, eti-ain'-bush, v.a. To hide in ambush; to ambush. Enambdshed, en-ain'-bushdy pp. or a. Concealed in am¬ bush. Enamel, en-ain‘~el, s. In mineralogy, a substance im¬ perfectly vitrified.—In the a^'ts, a substance of the nature of glass, rendered opaque by an admixture of oxides of metals with a flux.—That which is ena¬ melled , a smooth, glossy surface of various colours, resembling enamel.—In anatomy, the smooth, hard substance which covers the crown or visible part of a tooth.— Enamel painting on lava is a new style of painting applicable for monumental decoration, the material consisting chiefly of lava stone. — v.a. To lay enamel on a metal, as on gold, silver, copper, &c.; to paint in enamel; to form a glossy sur¬ face like enamel. — v.n To practise the art of enamelling. Enamellar, en-am'-el-ar, a. Consisting of enamel; re¬ sembling enamel; smooth; glossy. Enamelled, en-am'-eZd,pp. or a. Overlaid with enamel; adorned with anything resembling enamel. Enambller, en-am'-el-er, 8. One who enamels; one whose occupation is to lay on enamels, or inlay colours. Enamelling, en-am'-eUing, s. The act or art of laying on enamels. Enamour, en-am'-ur, v.a. To inflame with love; to charm; to captivate. Enamorado, en-am-o-ra’-do, s. One deeply jn love. Enamoured, en-am'-u7’d, pp. or a. Inflamed with love ; delighted. Enanthesis, en-an'-the-sis, s. In pathology, a rash, in opposition to exanthesis, a cuticular eruption. Enantiopatht^ en-a7i-te-op’-d-the, 8 . An opposite pas¬ sion or affection. Enarmed, en-armd', a. In fterrt/rfry, having arms, that is, horns, hoofs, &c., of a different colour from that of the body. Enarration,$ €n-ar-ra'-sAtm, 8 . Recital; relation; ac¬ count; exposition. Enarthrosis, en-ar-thro'-sis, s. A ball and socket joint. —In anatoiny, that species of articulation which con¬ sists in the insertion of the round end of a bone in the cup-like cavity of another, forming a joint moveable *n every direction. Enatation, e-na-ta'-shun, s. A swimming out; escape by swimming. Enatb, e~nate', a. Growing out. Enaunter^: e-nawn'-ter,'da. Lest that. Mnavigate, e-7inxf-e-gate, v.a. To sail out or over. Encage, en-kaSe', v.a. To shut up or confine in a cage; to coop Engaged, en-kaje’d', pp. of the verb to encage. Encamp, en-kamp', v.n. To pitch tents or form huts, as an army, to pitch tents for the purpose of a siege, to besiege. — v.a To form into a camp; to place a marchingaimy or company In a temporary habitation or quarters, or locate them under cover for a given time. Encamped, en-kampt', pp. of the verb to encamp. Encampment, e7i-hamp-me7it, s. The act of pitching tents or fflrDi’ng huts, as an anny or travelling com¬ pany, for temporary lodging or jest; the place where an ai’ray or company is encamped ; a camp. Encanker, en-kank'-er, v.a. To corrode; to canker. Encanthis, en-kan'-this, s. A fungus swelling of the lacrymal gland, or a tumour in the internal angle of the eye. Encase, en-kasef, v.a. To enclose or confine in a case or cover. Encashment, e7i-kash'-ment, s. The payment in cash ol a note, draft, &c. Encauma, e7i-kaw'-m&, s. An ulcer of the cornea of the eye. Encaustic, en-kaw.'i'-tik, a. Pertaining to the art of painting in heated or burned wax, by which, among the ancients, the colours were rendered permanent in all their original splendour. — 8. The method of pmnting in heated or burned wax. Encaustic-tile, en-kaws'-iik-tije, s. A variegated pav¬ ing tile, on wliich patterns have been formed in co- loui’ed clays on the ordinary buff tile, and fired, which brings out the colours more vividly. Encave, e7i-kave', v.a. To liide in a cave or recess. Enceinte, ayig-sainte', s. (Tr.) In fortijicatioii, en¬ closure; the wall or rampart which surrounds a Place. — a. Pregnant; with child. Encenia, en-se'-ne-a, s.pl. Festivals anciently kept on the days on which cities were built, or churches con¬ secrated ; and, in later times, ceremonies used at com¬ memorative festivals, as at Oxford, &c. Encephalelcosis, en-sef-d'lel-ko'-sis, s. Ulceration of the brain. Encephalgia, e7i-se-fal'-je-d, s. Deep-seated headache. Encephalic, en-se-/al'-ik, a. Belonging to the head or brain. Encephalitis, en-sef-al-i'-tis, 8. Inflammation of the brain. Encephaloid, en-sef'-A-loyd, a. Resembling the matter of the brain; cerebriform; sometimes applied to a morbid product wliich constitutes' the mass of the disease called cancer, or schiiTus. Encephalon, en-sef'-A-lon, s. The cerebrum, and some¬ times the whole contents of the cranium. Encephalotomy, e7i-sef-ii-lot'-o-rne, s. Dissection of the brain. Enchafe, en-tchafe', v.a. To chafe or fret; to provoke to enrage; to irritate. See Chafe. Enchain, e7%-tchai7ie', v.a. To fasten with a chain; to bind or hold in chains; to hold in bondage; To hold fast; to restrain; to confine; to link together; to connect. Enchained, en-t^hai7id', pp. of the verb to emcham. Enchainment, en-tchame'-ment, s. The act of enchain iug, or state of being enchained; anything higlily wonderful or delightful. Enchant, en-tchanf, v.a. To charm, captivate, or en¬ rapture ; to bewitch; to practise sorcery or witchcraft on anything; to give efficacy to anything by songs of sorcery or fascination; to subdue Wy charms or spells ; to delight in the highest degree. Enchanted, en-tcha7it'-ed, pp. or a. Affected by sor¬ cery ; fascinated; possc.ssed by elves, witches, or other imaginary mischievous spirits. Enchanter, e7i-tchantf-er, s. One who enchants; a sor¬ cerer or magician; one who has spirits or demons at his command, or practises enchantment; one who charms or delights.— nightshade is a herb [Circeea lutetiana) found in damp, sliady piaces. Enchanting, en-tchant'-ing, a. Delightful; charming OT ravishing. Enchantinglt, en-tchaiif-ing-le, ad. With the power of enchantment; in a manner to delight or charm. Enchantment, en-tcTtanf -■me7it, s. The actof producing certain wonderful effects by the invocation or aid of demons, or the agency of certain supposed spirits; the use of magic arts, spells, or charms; incantation; necromancy, fascination, or witchcraft, irresistible influence ; overpowering influence of delight. Enchantress, en-icAanJl'-fres, 8. A sorceress, a woman who pretends to effect wonderful things by the aid of demons; one who pretends to practise magic, a w'oman whose beauty or excellonees give iiTesistible influence. - E7icha7itress 7iighUhadb is the p^.pular name of the plant Qircaea alphia, which grows in damp, shady places. Encharaxis, en-kar-aksf -is, s. Scarification. ENCHAReK,t en-tcharje', v.a. To give in charge or trust. ENCHASE [ 337 ] ENOCMBEANCE Enchase en-tchase’, v.a. To infix or enclose m another body so as to be held fast, but not concealed; by embossed work , to enrich or beautify any wink m meW by some design, to adorn by being fixed on it; ro mark by incision ^ to delineate. ENcnlsBD, en-tchase’d', pp. of the verb to enchase. ENclfsiNo, «i-tcAasr'-«i0. 8. The same with chosm?, a species of embossing Enchea-son ,i s. Cause ; occasion. Enchiridion en-ke-rid'-e-mi, s. A manual; a book to be caiTied ip tbe hand, Enchisel, eii - tchiz ' l , v.a. To cut with a- , Enchorial, e 7 i - ko '- re - al , Si - belonging to a particmar country or district, and applied to the demotic cha- rarters^formed out of tbe Egyptian hieroglyphics Eschyma, en - ki '- md , 8. In physiol ., that winch is ccchymosis of blood from some internal or violeS^emotion.—JSnchi/inosis the formation of an E^^mI^''^%n-sinV-tchure, s. A cinctui-e; a covering. ENCiNDEREnA a. Burnt to cinders. Encircle en-ser’kl, v.a. To encompass, enclose, or surround; to surround with a circle or or with anything in a circular form;_ to go round and reton to the point from which motion commenced, to come around in a circle or crowd. Encircleu, en-ser'kld, pp. of the verb to snctrcle. Encirclet, en-serk'let, s. A small circle , a . Bncirclino, «n-seri;'(inp, a. Bncompassub, , emhiacin„. Enclasp, en-klasp', v.a. To clasp; £o embrace. Enclavement, m-klave’-ment, a . t” wedging or infraction of the head of the tetus m the superior aperture of the pelvis of the mother. Enclitic, en-Wif'-i*. \ »• Eeaning; mclming, or ENCLITICAL, en-klif-e-kal, ( .“iclined. - In prniimo^ an enclitic particle or word is one so closely united to anoTher as to seem to be a part of it; thronnng back the accent upon the foregoing syllable. Enclitic, en~Bif-ik, 8. A word which is 1 °“®^ the end of anotlier, as que, in mrumqne; a particle or word that throws the accent or ®“l*Mis back upon the former syllable .—In grammary Enclitics is the art of declining and conjugating words. Enclitic en-klit'-e~Kal-le, ad. In an enclitic man ner. bv throwing the accent back. Encloister, en-kloys'-tery v.a. To shut up as m a cloister Enclose, OT-Aiosr'. See Incloct, Inclosum, &c. Enclooded, en-klowd'-ed, a. Covered with clouds. Encoach , en-koatch', v.a. To carry m a coach. Encoffin, cn-koj'-firiy v.a To put in a coffin. Encollar, cn-koviar, v.a. To surround with a coUar. Encomber,}: en-kum'-ber. See Encumber. . Encomberment,! en-knm -her-ment, s. Molestation. Encomiast, en-ko'-nie-ast, s. One who praises another, a panegyrist, or one who utters or writes commenda- Encomiastic, en-ko-me-as^-tik, la. Bestowing ENComls?ickl en-ko-me-as'-te-kal, j praise; praising; commending; laudatoiy. Encomiastic, m-io-ms-ny-fa, 8. A Pfuegync. Encomiasticallv, en-ko-me-as-te-kal-le, ad. in an encomiastic manner. FiNcoMioNi Fanegync. /t««.\ a Encomium, en-ko'-me-um, s.; pi. Encomiums. (Lay A high commendation; panegyric, applause, or Encompass, en-kum'-pas, v.a. To go around in a c riie^ to encircle, enclose, surround, or ®uv'ion, to him within a given circuit or conipass; to shut in and coniine, or encompass with difficulties. ENCoMPAkED, en-kum'-past,VT^ of the verb to encom- Encompassment, eii-i:«m'-pas-men«, s. A sniTomiding; a aroing round; circniiilocntioh in speaking. ENcS en°tope,s. In surgery, an fnclsion or wound made with a cutting instrument. PwrnnF ono-kore'. fc.) A-gain; once moie; a word used by the auditors and spectators of plays and oLher performances when they call for a repetition ^v.a. repetition of a particular pait of an entertainment. Encored, O 7 ig-koard', pp. of the verb e7ico7 e. Encounter, e7i-kow7i-ter, s. A sudden or accident^ meeting of two or more persons; a conflict, skirmisn, rencontre,or attack; a meeting in contest; a single combat, on a sudden meeting of parties; a battle, bnt more generally a tight, between a small number oi men; eager and wai*m conversation, either in love or anger; a sudden or unexpected address or accosting toccasion; casual incident. Encounter, v.a To meet face to face; to meet suddenly or unexpectedly ; to meet in opposition, or in a hostile manner; to rush against In conflict, to engage wit^ in battle; to meet and strive to remove or sunnount; to meet and oppose; to resist; to attack and attempt to confute; to meet as an obstacle; to oppose; to oppugn, tto meet in mutual kindness. - v.n. To meet face to face, to meet unexpecteffiy; to rush together in combat; to fight; to conflict; to meet in opposition or dehate. Encountered, e 7 i ~ kown '- te 7 ' d } pp. of the verb to efi -^ counter . Encounterer, en - ko ' W 7 i '- ter-ery s. One who encounters, an opponent; an antagonist. Encourage, en - kur ^~ 7 'ij, v.a. To give courage to; to rri-rrrx nv. infl rtf fillr’.rPSS; tO inSDlTe With iNCOURAGE, en-Kur ~7 ij, v.u. xo v/v, give or increase confidence of success; to inspire mth courage, spiiht, or strength of mind; to embolden, animate, incite, urge, impel, or stimulate. ^ Encouraged, pp. or a. Emboldened; m* spirited; animated; incited. . . Encouragement, en-kur'-rij-7ne7ityS. The act of giving courage, or confidence of success; incitement to action or to practice; incentive; that which serves to incite, support, promote, or advance. Encouraqer, en-kur'-rij-er , 8 . One who encourages, incites, or stimulates to action, or who supplies in¬ citements, either by counsel, reward, or means of execution. ^ ... ^ ,...a Encouraging, en’-kuT^-i'ij-iyig, a. Furnishing ground to hope for success. , , , __ Encouragingly, m-kur'-rij-ing-le, ad. In a manner to give courage, or hope of succ^- Encradle, v.a. To lay in a cradle. Enchain, e7i~krane' , s. A term for a horse either wrung or spoiled in the withers. Encrim.son, e/i’-krhn'zn, v.a. To cover with a crimson Encrimsoned, €7i-kri7nz'ndy pp. or a. Covered with a crimson colour. Encrinic, en-krin‘-iky I a. Relating to Encrinites Encrinital, en-krin'-e-taly i containing Enciuutes. Rvorinitic, x. .y En ’Rintte, e7i’-kri~7iitey s. A fossil of the Asierta or Star-fish family, and a term by which tl^ petrified radiated remains of the Stone-lili^, or lily;shaped anima-s, have been long known. The Fncmn^e, or Ena-iniUy is a genus of criiipidal zoophytes, or the true lily-shaped animals of Miller. Encrisped, a. Curled; formed in curls. Encroach , e 7 i-kroatch' , v.a. To enter on the rights and Dossessions of another; to intrude, trench upon, or invade; to take possession of what belongs to another, by gradual advances into; to ci'eep on giadually, without right; to pass the proper bounds, and enter on another’s rights. * , 4 .^. —± 8. Gradual advance; advance by stealth. Encroachbr, e 7 i-kroatch’-er, s. One wffio enters on and takes possession of what is not his own, by dual steps; one who makes gradual advances beyond Encro^hing, en-kroatch'-ing, a- Tending or apt to encroach. Encroachinglv, en-kroatch'-ing-lc, ad. By way ot encroachment. . , _ . ._ Encroachment, en-kroatch'-ment, s. The entermg gra~ duaUv on the rights or possessions of another, and taking possession; unlawful Intrusion ; advance mto the territories or jurisdiction of another without right - that which is taken by encroaching on another. —In law, if a tenant owes two shillings rent-service to the lord, and the lord takes three, it is an encroach- Encrdst, eii-ftnisr, v.a. To cover with a crust. Encumber, en-kum'-ber, v.a. To load, clog, ovenoad, or embaiTass ; to impede motion with a load, buiden, or anything inconvenient to the limbs ; to render inotion or operation difficult or laborious; to load with debts. Encumbered, en-kum'-herd, pp. ora. Impeded in mo tion , loaded with debts. iw. Encumbrance, en-kum'-branse, a. that im pedes action, or renders it difficult and useless addition or load; a legal claim on an estate. ENOUMBMl^rOEE [ 338 ] EiroOSMOSE for the discharge of which the estate is JIahle ; load, harden, or impediment. Encumbrancer, en-kum'-hran-serf s. One who has an encumbrance or a legal claim on an estate. ENCTCLioAL,-t ensik'-le-kal, a. Circular ; sent to many persons or places; intended for many, or for a whole order of men. Encyclopede, e7i-sik'-lo-pede, s. (Fr.) The round of learning. Enctci-opeota, ] en-si-klo df a /s- The circle of Encvci,op®diaJ ™ klo p(f de di, j sciences; a general system of instruction or knowledge : a collection of the principal facts, principles, and dascoveries in all branches of science and the arts, digested under proper titles, and arranged in alphabetical order. ENCYctoPEDiAN, en-si-klo-p^-de-aiiy a. Embracing the whole circle of learning. Encyclopedical, en-si-Jdo-ped'-e-kaly a. Pertaining to an encyclopaedia. Enctclopeidism, eii-si'-klo-jye-dizm, s. The work or pro¬ cess of compiling encyclopa'dias. Emcyclopfdist, s. The compiler of an encyclopaedia^ or one who assists in such compilation. fiNCYSTED, en-Bxs^-ted, a. Enclosed in a bag, bladder, or vesicle. ^NCYSTis, en^sis'-ti(t, s. An encysted tumour. End^ end, s. The extreme point of a line, or of any¬ thing that has more length than breadth; the ox- trcuiity or last gart; the close or conclusion; ultimate itetc or condition; final doom; the point beyond which no progression can be made ; final determina- txon; conclusion of debate or deliberation; close of life; death; decease ; cessation; period; close of a particular state of things ; limit; termination; do- druction; cause of death ; a destroyer; consequence ; issue; result; conclusive event; conclusion; a frag¬ ment, or broken piece ; the ultimate point or thing at which one aims or directs his views; purpose intended; scope, aim; drift.—Oa upright; erect. —The ends of the earth, in ScripUire, are the remotest pails of the eaidh. — v.a. To bring to an end or termination ; to destroy; to put to death ; to finish, conclude, or terminate. — v n. To come to the ultimate point; to be finished ; to terminate; to close; to conclude; to cease; to come to a close. v End-all,$ end'-aivl, s. Pinal close. Endamage, en-dam'-ij, v.a. To bring loss or damage to; to harm; to injure ; to prejudice. Endamagement, en-dam'-ij-ment, g. Damage: loss’ injury. Endanger, en-dane'-jer, v.a. To put in hazard; to bring into danger or peril; to expose to loss oriniui’y; to incur the hazard of. Endangered, en-da7i^-jerd, pp. Exposed to loss or injury. Endangering, c«-r?an<»'-yer-ingr, 8. Injury; damage. Endangerment, e7i~danef-jer-nient, s. Hazard; danger Endear, en-deer', v.a. To make dear; to make more beloved; to attach oneself; to bind by ties of affec¬ tion ; t to raise the price. Endeared, €7i-de.erd', pp. or a. E.endered dear or be¬ loved. Endearedness, en-deer'-ed~7ies, s. State of being en¬ deared. ” Endearing, en-deer'-wg, ppr. or a. Making dear or more beloved. Endearment, e)i-deer*-rtxeni, s. The cause of love; that which excites or increases affection; that which e' - cites tenderness of affection; the state of being be¬ loved; tender atfectiou. e7i-dev'-nr, s. An exertion of physical strength, or the intellectual powers, toward the at¬ tainment of an object; effort; exertion. “ v.n. To exert physics strength or intelleotual power for the accomplishment of an object. — v.a. To make an attempt to gam; to try to effect. Endeavoured, eji-dev^-urd, pp. of the verb to e 7 \deavour. Endeavourer, en-dexf~ur-er, s. One who makes an effort or attempt. Endecagon, e7i-dek'-&-g(n%, s. A plane figui'e of eleven sides and angles. Endecagynous, en-de-ka'-je-7-%a, a. In loiaiiy, haviin^- eleven pistils. Endecandria, e7i-de-kan'^re~&, s A Linmean order of plants, the flowers of which hav« Ueven stamens. Endecaph YLL 0 U 8 , e7i-de-kaf'-H-tis, a. In botany, havin'^ a winged leaf, composed of eleven leaflets. Enmc, emT-ed.pp. Brought to an end; terminated. Kmdetctic, en-dtte'-lf*, a. Showing; exhibiting. v/» urxrvo -t»A., a. OtlUWUl Endemic, en-dexn'-ik, \ a. Peci Endemical, en-de77i'-e-kal, > natioi Ende.mial, en-d^-tne-al, ) ease i; Peculiar to a people or xae7nic difl- nation.—An end....... VvTvTrC-'r’ I" T is one to which tiie inhabitantfi of a particular country are pecnliarlv sub* ject, and which seems, therefore, to arise from looal Endemic, en~det7i'-ik, s. A disease of an endemic nature. Endemicallt, en-de77i'-e-kal~le, ad. In an endemic maimer. Endenize,+ e7i-de7i'-iz, v.a. To make free; to natural- ize; to admit to the privileges of a denizen. Endenizen, e7i-de7i'-iz7i, v.a. To naturalize. Ender, en'-der, s. One who ends or finishes. Endew,$ exi-dew', v.a. To invest; to clothe, put on, or endow. ^ ^ Endict, e7i-dite'. \ a t Endictment, e7i~dite'~me7tt. } Indict, Indictment. Ending, cTid'-wg, s. Termination; conclusion. —In grammar, the terminating syllable or letter of a word. Endirons, end'-i-xmis, s.pl. Irons on each side of the fire. See Andirons. Endite. See Indite. Endive, en'-div, s. A plant, a species of the genus acho- rmm, or succory, used as a salad. Endless, e«d'-/es, a. Without end or conclusion: eter¬ nal ; everlastmg, infinite, or unlimited.—The exidle^s screw consists of a screw combined with a wheel and threads of the screw work into the teeth fixed on the periphery of the wheel.—The e 7 id~ less chain is a perpetually revolving chain, much used m machmery.—The eiidless tape is the connect- mg band for certain light machinery. Endlessly, end’-les-le, ad. Without end or tennina- tion; mcessantly; perpetually; continually. Endlessness, end'-les-7ies, s. Extension without end or bmit; perpetuity; endless duration. end'-long, 2 A. In a line with the end for- E^most, eiid'-most, a. Furthest, remotest; at the ex Lrieme enu. Endo, en~do. (Gr.) A very common prefix in the com¬ pounding ofsi’entific words, denoting inner or in¬ ternal growth, Endogenous plants. Endobranchiata, s. A familv of w “ T^Wch the organs of respii-atiou ars not observable on the exterior of the body: the^hSt^^^^ «'»-rfo-Aar-di'-ies, s. Inflammation of Endocardium, e7i-do-kar'-de-um, s. A membrane whieh lines the interior of the heart. ^sheU^(ff^a fruit^'^^^^’ botany, the inner coat or v.a. To teach; to Indoe. Endodontites, en-do-don-ti'-tes, s. Inflammation of the mterual membrane of the teeth. ENDOG.1STRITES, en-do-gas-tri'-tes, 8 . Inflammation of tlie mtemal membrane of the stomach. I s. One of the grand divisions ^thp •’ vegetable kingdom, the ptots of wluch mcrease by internal layers?witli 'l‘®t™etion between the wood and the bark, as the palm, sugar-cane, «S:c. Endogenous, en-doj'-m-us, a. Belonging to the class ^ Eidogenl, which increase in the stem by intciTial growth. ENDori.Eua.c en-do-plew'-rA, s. In botany, a membrane three ^ ^ plant, the innermost when there are ^sheath^^'”'’^’ a. Within a leaf or Endorhiza, en-do~ri'~za, s. In botany, a plant W'hosp Endorse, en-dorse'. i See Indorse, Indorse- Endorsement, e7%-dorse'-me7it. / ment. s. A fossil Cephalopod m which the siphunole IS ventral. ^ * ’ ENDO.SIB, m'-do-sis, s. The inteimission of a fever Endosmometer, en-dos-mom'-e-ter, s. An instrument endosmosmlf Son Endosmose, en -dos-mose, s. The transTnisemn gaseous mjittcrs or vapours thrmigh mSanes or iwrous substances inward., 'nemoranes or ENDOSPERM [ 839 ] ENFRANCHISED Endosperm, en'-do-tpefmf b. In botany, the farlnaceotis matter surrounding the embryo, the albumen ox seeds. Endospermic, en~do-sper'-mik, a. Having the farina¬ ceous matter ■which surrounds the embryo of a plant. Endoss^: en-do^, v.a. To caiwe or engrave. Endostomb, en’-dos~toiney s. The passage through the inner integument of a seed, immediately below the part called the foramen. Endow, en-dotc', v.a. To furnish with a portion of goods or estate, called dower ; to settle a dower on ; to enrich or furnish with any gift, quality, or faculty; to endue ; to invest. Endowed, en-doivd', pp. or a. Furnished with a portion of estate; supplied wi'th a permanent fund. Endowbr, v.a. To endow; to enrich with a portion. — s. One who enriches "with a portion. Endowment, en-dow'~ment, s. The act of settling a dower on a woman, or of settling a fund for the sup¬ port of a parson or vicar, or of a professor, &c.; that which is bestowed or settled on; property, fund, or revenue peimanently appropriated to any object; that which is given or bestowed on the person or mind by the Creator; gift of natui*e; any quality or faculty bestowed by the Creator. Endrudqe,± en-drudf, v.a. To make a dmdge or slave. Endue, en-aen/, v.a. See Indue. Enduement, en~dew'~ment. See Induement. Endurable, en-deuZ-rd-bl, a. That can be borne or suf¬ fered. Endurablt, en-dew'-rA-ble, ad. In an enduring manner. Endurance, en-deia'-rans^ s. Continuance; a state of lasting or duration ; lastingness; a bearing or suffer¬ ing ; patience, fortitude, or resignation ; a continuing under pain or distress ■without resistance, or without sinking or yielding to the pressure; t delay; a wait¬ ing for. — v.n. To continue in the same state without perish¬ ing ; to suffer without resistance, or without yielding; to l^t or continue; to bear, brook^ or submit. — v.a. To support without breaking or yielding to force or pressure; to bear with patience; to bear without opposition or sinking under the pressure; to undergo ; tto sustain ; $to continue in. Endured, en-dewrd'^ pp. of the verb to endure. — X a. Indurated; hardened. Endurer, en-dew'-rer, s. One who bears, suffers, or sustains; he or that which continues long. Enduring, a. Easting long; permanent. — B. Act of ending; a sustaining. Enduringness, e7i-aeie'-ring~7ies, s. The quality of en¬ during. Endm'ats, end'^waysj ) ad. On the end; erectly; in an Endwise, / upright position; with the end forward. Enecate,$ en'-e-kate, v.a. To kill; to destroy. Enecia, BTi-e'-she-d, s. A generic name for continued fever, including inflammatory, typhus, and syiiochal. Eneid, e-fie'-id, s. An epic poem, written by Virgil. Enema, «-nc'-wid, 8. A clyster; an injection; a medicine injected into the rectum. Bnemt, en'-e-mc, s. One who is hostile to another; a foe, an opponent, or adversary; one who hates or dislikes.—A private e7iemy is one who hates another and wishes him injury.— Kpithlic enemy or foe is one who belongs to a nation or party at war with another. —In theology, and by way of eminence, the e7iemy is the devil; the arch-fiend.—In 7nilitary affairs, the op¬ posing army or naval force in war is called the ene77iy. Energetic, e7i-er-jet'-ik, 1 a. Operating with foi*ce, Energetical, 1 'vigour, and effect; forcible, powerful, or vigorous. Energetically, en-er-Jei'-c’-ArtZ-Ze, ad. 'With force and vigour; with energy and effect. Energic,^ en-er'-jik, ) a. Having energy or great Eneroical,$ e^i-er'-je-kal, / power in effect. Energize, en'-er-Jize, v.n. To act with force, or operate with vigour; to act in producing an effect. — v.a To give strength or force to; to give active vigour to. Energizer, en'-er-ji-zer, s. He or that which gives energy, or acts in producing an effect. Energizing^ en'-er-jize~ing, ppr. or a. G-i'Ving energy, force, or ■vigour. Energy, en'-er-je, s. Internal or inherent jiower; force, vigour, or strength; the power of operating, whether 1 exerted or not; power exerted; vigorous; effcctun.l operation ; strength or force producing the effect, or strength of expression; force of utterance.—In me- chaniesy the action of a power to move a machine. Enervate, e-7ier'~vate, a. Weakened; weak; without streng-th or force. — v.a. To deprive of strength; to render feeble; to weaken, unnerve, or debilitate; to cut the nerves. Enervated, emer'-va-ted, pp. or a. Weakened; en¬ feebled; emasculated. Enervating, e-7ie7''-va-ting, ppr. or a. Depriving of strength, force, or vigour. Enervation, e7\-er-va'-shu7iyS. The act of weakening, or reducing strength; the state of being weakened, effeminacy. Enerve, e-nerv'y v.a. To weaken. Enerved, e-7iervd'. See Enervated. En famille, ong faiyi-eeV. (Fr.) In a family state, domestically. Enfamined^ en-fam'-vidy pp. ora. Famished; hungry. Enfamish, e7i-fa77i'-ish, v.a. To famish. Enfectb,$ e7i-fekt'y v.a. To contaminate; to infect. .—X pp. Infected. Enfeeble, en-fee'bl, v.a. To deprive of strength ; to reduce the strength or force of; to weaken, debilitate, or enervate. Enfeebled, e7i-fe^bld, pp. or a. Weakened; deprived of strength or vigour. Enfeeblemknt^ €7i-fe^bl-me7it, s. The act of weaken¬ ing; enervation. Enfeebling, en-fee'blingj ppr. or a. Weakening; de¬ bilitating; enervating. Enfeloned.J en-feV-xind, a. Fierce; cruel. Enfeoff, eyi-fef', v.a. To give one a feud; hence, to invest with a fee; to give to another any corporeal hereditament, in fee simple or fee tail, by livery o1 seizin; Jto surrender or give up. Enfeoffed, eyi-feft', pp. of the verb to enfeoff. EInfeoffment, e7i-fef'-7ne7it, s. The act of giving the fee simple of an estate; the instrument or deed by which one is invested ■with the fee of an estate. Enfetter, eti-fet'-ter, v.a. To fetter; to bind in fetters. E>FEVEn, e7i-fe'-very v.a. To excite fever in. EnfiercBj^ e7i-feerse'y v.a. To make fierce. Enfilade, e7X-fe-lade', s. A line or straight passage; or the situation of a place which may be seen or scoured with shot all the length of a line, or ll the dii’ection of a line. — T.a. To pierce, scour, or rake with shot, in the direction of a line, or through the whole length of a line. Enfiladed, e7i-fe-i,a'-ded, pp. or a. Pierced or raked in a line. Enfire,^ e7x-jir(f, v.a. To inflarne; to set on fire. Enflesh, exx-fiesK, v.a. To harden; to establish in any practice. Enforce, exi-foarse', v.a. To give strength to; to in¬ vigorate ; to make or gain by force; to put in act by violence; to drive; to instigate; to urge on; to ani¬ mate ; to urge with energy; to impress on the mind; to compel; to constrain; to force; to put in execution; to cause to take effect; to press w'ith a charge; tto prove; to evince. — v.n. To at'tempt by force. — 8. Force; strength; power. Enforceable, e7x-foarse'-d-hl, a. That may be enforced. Enforced, exx-foarst', pp. of the verb to exiforce. Enforcedly, en-foarse-ed-le, ad. Ey violence; not by choice. Enforcement, en-foarsef-xnenty s. The act of enforcing , compulsion; force applied; that which gives force energy, or effect; sanction; motive of conviction, urgent evidence; pressing exigence; that which urges or constrains; anything which compels or constrains ; a putting in execution, as law. Enforcer, exi-foarse'-ery s. One who compels, con¬ strains, or urges; one who effects by violence oi carries Into effect. Enform, exx-fawrxn', v.a. To form; to fashion ENFORTUNEjt en-fawr*-iu7ieyy.o.. To endow wiiii a cc> tain fortune. Enfouldered4 en-fowV-derd, a. Mixed with Ughtning Enfranchise, exx-fraxi'-tchiz, v.a. To set free to libe rate from slavery, to make free of a city, corp' ration or state; to admit to the privileges of a freeman. to free or release from custody; to naturalize. to receive as denizens. Enfranchised, exi’-fran^-tchizdj pp or a Set free; re ENFRANCHISEMENT C 340 ] EN&RIEVE leased fram boadage ; admitted to the rights s-«d privileges of free men. iSwrRANCHiSEMENT, en-fran'~tchiz~ment,9,. Release from slavery or custody, the admission of persons to tiie fi’eedom of a coi’poratioD or state: investiture, with the privileges of free citizens .—Enfranchisement of copyhold lands, is the legal conveyance of copyludd lands by the lord of a manor to his tenants, by which such tenements are converted into freeholds. Enpranchiber, en-fran'-tchiz-er,s. One who enfran¬ chises. Enfreb,+ en-freef, v.a. To liberate; to set free, or release from captivity. EMPRKEDjt en-freed', pp. or a. Liberated, or set at liberty. E>?freedom,+ en-free'-dom, v.a. To liberate ; to eman¬ cipate, or set free. Enfrowa.bd,4: en-fro'-icard, v.a. To make froward or pervei-se. Enfrozen,$ en-fro'zn, a. Frozen; congealed with cold. Enfyred,!: en-fi'-erd, pp. Set on fire. Eno.age, en-gaje', v.a. To make liable for a debt to a creditor; to bind one’s self as surety ; to pawn ; to stake as a pledge ; to enlist; to bring into a party; to embark in an affair; to gain; to win and attach; to draw to ; to unite and bind by contract or promise; to attract and fix; to occupy ; to employ assiduously; to attack in contest; to encounter. — v.n. To encounter; to begin to fight; to attack in conflict; to embark in any business; to take a concern in ; to undertake; to promise or pledge one's word; to bind one’s self. Engaged, en-gayjd', pp. or a. Pledged; promised; en¬ listed ; embarked; earnestly employed; zealous. Engagbdly, e7i-ga'-Jed-l€,8.(i With earnestness; with attachment. Engagbdnebs, e7i-ga'-jed-nes, s. The state of being seriously and earnestly occupied; zeal; animatiou. Engagement, en-gaje'-ment, s. The act of pawning, pledging, or making liable for debt; obligation by agreement or contract; adherence to a party or cause; partiality; employment of one’s time and attention; employment in fighting; the conflict of armies or fleets; battle; a general action; obligation or motive; that which engages; avocation, business, or occupation. Engager, en-ga'-jer, 8- One who enters into an en¬ gagement or agreement. Engaging, en-gqje'-mg, a.. Winning; attractive; tend¬ ing to draw the attention or the aflfections; pleasing. Engagingly, en-gojef-ing-lcy ad. In a manner to win the affections. ENQALLANT;t en-gaV-laiit, v a. To make a gallant of. EnqaoLjJ en-Jale', v.a. To imprison. Enoarboil4 en-gar'-boil, v.a. To disorder. Enoarla:nd, en-gar'-land, v.a. To encfrcle with a gar¬ land. Engarrison, en-gar'-re-sim, v.a. To furnish with a garrison; to defend or protect by a gaiTison. ENOABTRiMUTHji en-gc,^-tre-mxith, s. A ventriloquist. Enoedites, en'-je-diteSf or en*~ge-do~tes, s. A family of Coleopterous insects, with oval or elliptical bodies. Engel, eng'-el, s. A Dutch money-weight, formerly used in Belgium and other places, sometimes called an esterlin. Engender, en-jen'-der, v.a. To copulate; to beget between the different sexes; to form in embryo; to cause to exist; to cause to bidng forth. — v.u. To be caused or produced. Engendeber, en-jen'-dcr~er, s. He or that which en¬ genders. Engild, en-guild', v.a. To gild; to brighten. Engine, 8. A compound machine, or artificial instrximent, composed of different parts, and intended to produce some effect by the help of mechanical powers; as a pump, a windlass, a capstan, a fire- engine, a steam-engine, &c.; anything used to effect a purpose. Engined, j enf-ind, pp. or a. Tortured, or racked. Engineer, s. One who constructs or manages engines, or engineering works.—In the military art, a person skilled in mathematics and mechanics, who fomw plans of works for offence or defence, and marks out the ground for fortifications.— en- are employed in delineating plans, and super- Jutending the construction of other public works, as aqueducts and canals.— e^igineers are employed in the construction of plans, in the worklna of mines coal-pits, &c. ’ Enginkering, en-jin^eer'-hig, s. The business of an engineer; the art of constructing engines or machines, and applying them to practical uses.— Civil engineering applies to the formation of railways, bridges, roads, ^wers, erabankmentSj canals,, harbours, aqueducts, Military engineering relates to the construction of fortifications, throwin up earthworks, suiweying a country for the various operations of war, forming redoubts, &c. Engine-man^ 8. A man who manages an engine, as in steamers and steam-cairiages. Enginery, en'-jin-er-e, s The act of managing en¬ gines or artillery; engines in general; implements of war; artillery; machination. Engine-turner, en'-jin-tur'-ner , s. One who practises a peculiar kind of complex turning. Engird, en-guerd', v.a. To suiTOund; to encircle; to encompass. Engirded, en-gtierd'-ed,\pp. or a. Surrounded; en- Engirt, en-guert', ) compassed. Engirdle, en-guerdl, v.a. To encompass, enclose, or suiTound. Engibcope, en'-je-skope, 8. A reflecting or compound microscope. Englad, en-glad', v.a. To make glad; to cause to rejoice. Englaimed,$ a. Purred; clammy. English, mg'-lish, a. Belonging to England or to its inhabitants. — s. The people of England, the language of England, or of the English nation. — v.a. To translate into the English language. Englishrt,$ ing'-lish-re, s. The state of being an Eng¬ lishman. Engloom, en-gloom', v.a. To make gloomy. Enqlue,^ en-glew', v.a. To unite closely or very fast; to glue together. Englut, €n-glut\ v.a. To swallow; to fill; to glut. Engore, en-gore', v.a. To pierce; to gore. See Gore. Engorge, en-gaiv)f, v.a. To swallow; to devour; to to swallow with greediness, or in large quan- — v.n. To devour; to feed with eagerness or voracity. Engorgement, en-gawrf-meiii. s. The act of swallow¬ ing greedily; a devouring with voracity. Engouli5, en-goo-lay', s. In heraldry, an epithet applied to crosses, saltires, &c., when their extremities enter the mouths of tigers, lions, &c. Engraft, en-graft', v.a. See Ingraft. Engrail, en-graW, y.a. In heraldry, to variegate, to spot, as with hail; to indent or make ragged at the edges; to indent in curve lines. Engrailment, en-graW-ment, s. The ring of dots round the edge of a medal. Engrain, en-grane\ v.a. To dye in grain, or in the raw material; to dye deep. Engrained, en-graynd' , pp. of the verb to engrain. Engrapple, en-grap'pl, v.a. To grapple; to seize and hold. Engrasp, en-grasp', v.a. To seize with a clasping hold to gripe. Engraulis, en-graio'-lis, s. The ancho^’j, a genus of fishes belonging to the Clupinte, or Herrings. Engrave, en-grave', v.a. To cut, as metals, stones, or other hard substances, with a chisel or graver; to cut figures, letters, or devices on stone or metal: to mark by incisions ; to picture or represent by inciions ; to imprint; to impress deeply; to infix, as on the memoi*y; Jto bury; to deposit in the grave; to in¬ hume. Engraved. en~grave'd', I pp. Engraven, en-gra'-ven,) deeply impressed. Engravement, €n~grave'-nie7it, s. Engraved work ; act of engraving. Engraver, en~gra'-ver, s. One who engraves ; a cutter 01 letters, figures, or devices on stone, metal, or wood • a sculptor; a carver. Bngravery,+ en-gra'-ver-e, s. The work of an en- gr vei. iNGRAviNG, en-gra'~vi7ig, s. The act or art of engrav- ijg ; the art of producing figures or designs on meuK &c.,by incision or corrosion, for the purpose of hi;'• ■•a ^bsequently printed on paper; a print; an improa...>vfi from an engraved olate. Ukorieve, €7i-greeve . v-a. See ©risyb. or a. Cut or marked, aa with a chisel or giuver; ETOROSS [ 341 ] ENMOSSED Bugross, e7j-pro.se', r.a. To seize in thegrrosa^ lo take tlie whole; to absorb, swallow up, or monopolize; to purchase either the whole or large quantities of com¬ modities, for the pui-pose of making a profit by en¬ hancing the price; to copy in a large hand, to write a fair, correct copy, in large or distinct legible cha- rac'ters, to take or assume in undue quantities or degrees; J to make thick or gross; to make larger, or increase in bulk. Engrossed, en^roastf, pp. ora. Taken in gross; pur- cluised in large (luantities for sale; written in large, fair characters; tmade thick. Ea GROSSER, en-gro'-ser, a He or that which takes the whole, a person who purchases the whole or such quantities of articles in a market as to raise the price; one who copies a writing in large, fair characters. Engrossing, en-gre/-smg, s. The copying of a writing in fair and legible characters; the buying up of large quantities of a commodity, in order to raise the price. Engrossment, cn-prose'-wjfini, 8. The act of engrossing or taking the whole; the appropriation of things in the gross, or in exorbitant quantities. Enguard, en-gard', v.a. To guard; 'to defend. Engulf, en-gulf', v.a. To absorb or swallow up in a gulf, or deep abyss. Engulfed, en-guift’.yp- of the verb to engulf. Engulfment, en-guly-tnenif s. Ail absorption in a gulf, or deep cavern, or vortex. Enhance, en-AaMs', v.a. To raise to a higher point; to advance; to heighten; to increase; to aggravate, J to lift, or raise up. — v.n. To be raised; to swell; to grow larger. Enhanced, en~hanst\ pp. or a. Raised; advanced; heightened. Enhancement, en-Aansc'-men^, s. Rise, increase; aug¬ mentation ; aggravation. Enhancer, en-han'-ser, s. One who enhances; he or that which raises price, &c. Enharbour, en-har'-bur, v.n. To dwell in or inhabit. Enh ARDEN, v.a. To harden; to encoui’age. Enharmonic, en-har-mo7i'-ik, a. In music, an epithet applied to such a species of composition as proceeds on very small intervals. Enhaunce,$ v.a. To raise in value; to en¬ hance. Enhearten, e7i-harfn, v.a. To encourage. Enhydrite, en-hi'-drite, s. A mineral enclosing water. Enhydrous, en-Aj'-drMs, a. In mineralogy, a. term ap¬ plied to such minerals as contain drops of water, as enhydrous q^uartz. Enigma, e^mg'-md, s. A dark saying in which some known thing is concealed under obscure language; an obscure question ; a riddle. Enigmatic, e-nig-mat'-ik, ) a. Relating to or con- Enigmatical, e-nig-maV-e-hal,] taining a riddle ; ob¬ scure; darkly expressed; ambiguous; obscurely con¬ ceived or apprehended. Enigmatically, ad. In an obscure manner. Enigmatist, e-nig*-md-tist, s. A maker or dealer in enigmas and riddles. Enigmatize, e-nig' md-tize, v.n. To utter or fonn enigmas ; to de^ in riddles. Enigmatographt,« ^ s. The art of Enigmatology, ) making riddles, or of solviug them. Enj . iL, en~jale'. v.a. To put into jail. Enjoin, en-join, v.a. To order or direct with urgency, to admonish or instruct with authority; to command; to prescribe.—In law, to forbid judicially; to issue or direct a legal injunction to stop proceedings. NJoiNED, en-joind'. pp. of the verb to er^fom NJOiNER, enfoin'-er, s. One who enjoins, Enjoinment^ €n-jjot?;'-?neAJS, s. Directiov .>G«i'iinftnd, authoritative a^onition. Enjoy, eti-joy', v.a. To feel or perceive with pleasure, to take pleasure or satisfaction in the possession or experience of j to possess with satisfaction. — v.n. To live in happiness. Enjoyable, en-joy'-d-oi, a. Capable of being enjoyed. Enjoyed, en-joyd', pp. of the verb to eyijoy. Enjoyer, en-joy'-er, s. One who enjoys. Enjjyment, enfoy^-ment, s. A state of pleasui'able sensation ; gratincation, happiness, or pleasure; pos¬ session with satisfaction; occupancy of anytliing good or desirable. ENKERNEL,t v.a. To enclose one substance within another; to form into kernels. Enkindle, en-ki?i'i® purpose or is adequate to sufficiency; a quantity of a thing which satisfies emiJi fn a‘l®v Enroller, en-roW -er, s. He that enrols or registers. cn-roZe'-wtfni, s. A register; a record; a TOting in which anything is recorded; the act of enrolling. Enroot, en-roolfy v.a. To flx by the root; to fix fast. JiNRODND^ t}\-rownd% v.a. To environ; to surround; to enclose. ’ onj 7 roo^, s. In progress; on the way. EN 8 ,t c«s, 8 . In entity; being; existence. Among the old chemistSy the concentrated power, virtue, or efficacy of anything. En8afe4: en-safe'y v.a. To render safe. ENSAMPLE,f en-fiawj'pi B. An example; a pattern or model for imitation. f > if exemplify; to show by example. WooTirsmTarTKe’^-'^- ®S"w«h PP- Ensatb, en'-satCy a. Having sword-shaped leaves. v.a. To insert in a schedule. See Schedule. Ensconce, en-skonse' , v.a. To cover or shelter, as with a sconce or fort; to protect; to secure, or hide. To 8 <;al; to fix a seal on; to im- Ensealino, en-aeeV-ingy a. The act of affixing a seal to. ^^eam** *^*"*^®^^*^ v.a. To sew up; to enclose by a Enseamed, en-seemd', a. Greasy. Ensear, en-ser^, v.a. To sear; to cauterize; to close or stop by bummg to hardness. v.n. To search for; to try to Ensmble ong-sdm'hl, s. (Fr.) The whole, all the parts token together.—In the Jine artSy tliis term de- to Sh othe^^^* details considered with relation ~msembS. once; together; generaUy written tout- Bnshield, en-theeld', v.a. To shield; to cover ’Po enclose in a'shrine OT chest, to deposit for safe-keeping in a cabinet. ENSHEBTED [ 84.3 ] EETERPEISma Enshrimbd, enshrine'd', pp. of the verK to enshrine. Enshroud, en-shrowd'f v.a. To cover with a shroud. Ensiferous, en-8if-er~u8, a. Bearing or carrying a sword. Ensiform, en'-se-fatornif a. Having the shape of a sword.—In natural history there are numerous terms formed from the word ensis, a sword, as Ensicaudatus, having the tail sword-shaped; Bnsifolhis, having sword-shaped leaves; Ensirostris, having the beai sword-shaped, &c. Ensign, en'-sine, s. The flag or banner of a military band, or of a vessel; a banner of colours; a national flag or standard; any signal to assemble or to give notice; a badge; a mark of distinction, rank, or office; the officer who carries the flag or colours, being the lowest commissioned officer in a company of infantry.— Naval ensign is a large banner hoisted on a staff, and carried over the poop or stem of a ship, used for the pui’pose of distinguishing the ships of Afferent nations, and other purposes. Ensign-bba-rer, en'-sine-bare^~er, 8 . He who carries the flag; an ensign. Ensiqncy, en'-sine-sey 8 . The rank, office, or commis¬ sion of an ensign. Enskied,$ en-skide'f a. Placed in heaven; made im¬ mortal. Enslave, enslaved, v.a. To reduce to slavery or bondage; to deprive of liberty, and subject to the will oi a master; to reduce to servitude or subjection. Enslaved, etislave'd% pp. or a. Reduced to slavery or subjection. Bnslavedness, ensla'-vedsies, s. State of being enslaved. Enslavement, en-slav(^-me7it, s. The state of being enslaved; slavery ; bondage; servitude. Enslaver, en-sla'-ver, s. He who reduces another to bondage. Ensnare, ensnare*. See Insnare. Ensnar]^ ensn'drV. v.a. To entaugle. ~ v.n. To snarl; to gnash the teeth. Ensober, enso'-ber, v.a. To make sober. Ensphere, t ensfere', v.a. To place in a sphere, to make into a sphere. Enstamp, enstamp'i v.a. To impress, as with a stamp ; to impress deeply. Enstatine, en'sta~ti7i, s. A mineral, the bisUicate of magnesia, which is augite in crystallization, and bears some resemblance to scapolite. ENSTTLEjt en-stile', v.a. To style; to name ; to call. Ensue,$ ensew*. v.a. To follow ; to pursue. — v.n. To follow as a consequence of premises; to follow in a train of events or course of time ; to suc¬ ceed ; to come after. Ensuing, e7i-sew's7igf ppr. or a. Following as a conse¬ quence ; coming next after ; succeeding. Ensure, enshure'. See Insure, and its derivatives. Ensweep, en-sieeep', v.a. To sweep over; to pass over rapidly. Entablature, en~tab'-l&-ture, ) s. In architecUi7'e, that' Entablement, | part of the order of a column which is over the capital, including the architrave, frieze, and comice. Entackle,^ e7i~tah'l, v.a. To supply with tackle. Entail, en-tale’, s. An estate or fee entailed, or limited in descent to a particular lieir or heirs ; rule of descent settled K>r an estate ; J delicately carved ornamental work. — v.a. To settle the descent of lands and tenements, by gift to a man and to certain heirs specifled, so that neither the donee nor any subsequent possessor can alienate or bequeath it; to fix unalienably on a person or thing, or on a person and his descendants; % to cut; to carve for ornament. Entailed, en-tale'd'f pp. or a. Settled on a person and liis descendants. Entailment, en-tal^-ment, s. The act of giving, as an estate, and directing the mode of descent; the act of settling unaUenabiy on a man and his heirs. Entame, en~ta7ne’j v.a. To tame ; to subdue. Sntangle, en-tang'lj v.a. To twist or interweave in entering and taking possession of lands or tenements, when a pereon has title of entry. Entonb, en-tewji', v.a. To tune. Entunes,$ m'-tewns, s.pl. Songs, or tunes. Entwine, en-twine', v.a. To twine ; to twist round. Entwinement, e7i-twine'-7ne7it, s. A twisting round; union. Entwist, en-tivist', v.a. To twist or WTeathe round. EntyrejI ew-tire', a. Inner; inward. Endbilate,^: e-7iew'-he-late,y.d.. To clear from mists, clouds, or obscurity. Enubilous, e-new'-he-lus, a. Clear from fog, mist, or clouds. Enucleate, e-new'-kle-ate, v.a. To clear from knots ox lumps; to clear from intricacy; to disentangle; to open as a nucleus; to explain; to clear from ob¬ scurity ; to make manifest. Enucleation, 8. The act of clearing from knots; a disentangling; explanation; full ex¬ position.—In surgery, a mode of extirpating tu¬ mours, tlnough a simple excision of the skin. Enumerate, v.a. To count or tell num¬ ber by number; to reckon or mention a number of things, each separately. Enumerated, pp. of the verb to enw- tnerate. Enumeration, e-new-7ner-a' - shun, s. The act of count¬ ing or telling a number, by i/aming each particular an account of a number of things, in which mention is made of every particular article.—In rhetoric, a part of a peroration in which the orator recapitulates the principal points or heads of the discourse or argument. Enumerative, e-7iew'-7ner-d-tiv, a. Counting ; reckon¬ ing up. Enumerator, e-new'-7ner-a-tur, s. One employed in taking the general census ; a reckoner. Enunciate, e-7itin'-she-ate, v.a. To utter; to declare or proclaim ; to pronounce ; to relate. Enunciated, e-7iun'-she-a-ted, pp. of the verb to e7iim- ciate. Enunciation, e-nun-she‘a'-shu7i, s. The act of utter¬ ing or pronouncing ; expression ; manner of uttering articulate sounds ; declaration ; open proclamation; public attestation ; intelligence ; information. Enunciative, a. Pertaining to enun¬ ciation ; declarative. Enunciatively, e-7iu7i'-she-a-tiv-le, ad. Declaratively. Enunciatory, e-nun'-she-a-tur-e, a. Containing utter¬ ance or sound. Enure,$ en-cter', v.a. To practise. See Inure. Enuresis, e7i-u-re'-sis, a. incontinence of urine. En VASSAL, e7i-vas'-sal,y.o. To reduce to vassalage ; to make over to another, as a slave. Envault, e7i-vawlt', v.a. To inter; to enclose in a vault. Envelop, en-vel'-op, v.a. To cover by wrapping or folding; to enwrap; to surround entirely ; to cover on aU sides ; to hide; to line ; to cover on the inside. Envelope, au7\g'-ve-lope,s. Awapper; a cover; an investing integument; the outer cover or inclosure case for a letter; the wrapper on which the address is written.—The E7ivelope-77iachi7ie is a cleverly con¬ structed machine by which envelopes are cut and folded.—In hota7iy, one of the parts of fructification surrounding the stamens and pistils.—In/orfi^cation, a mound of earth raised to cover some weak parts of the works.—Ill a7'chitect7ire, the covering of a portion of the surface of a solid with a thin substance or wrapper. Enveloped, en-vel'-opt, pp. of the verb to envelop. Envelopment, en-veV-op-7ne7\t, s. A wrapping ; an in¬ closing or covering on all sides. Envenom, en-ve7i'-07n, v.a. To poison ; to taint or im pregnatie with venom, or any substance noxious tu life; to taint with bitterness or malice; to make odious ; to enrage ; to exasperate. Envenomed, en-ven'-077id, pp. or a. Tainted or Impreg¬ nated with venom or poison; embittered ; exas¬ perated. Envermeil,4: e7i-ver'-meil, v.a. To dye red. Enviable, e7i'-ve-ct-bl, a. That may excite envy; capable of awakening ardent desire of possession. Enviably, e7i'-ve-h-ble, ad. In an enviable manner. Envied, eti'-vid, pp. or a. Subjected to envy. Envier, en'-ve-er, s. One who envies another. Envious, e7i'-ve-ns, a. Feeling or harbouring envy repining or feeling uneasiness at a rtew of the ex- i ENVIOUSLY EPIOARIDES [ S46 ] ceUence, prosperity, or happiness of another; tine- tured with eiivy j excited or directed by envy. Enviously, en'-ve us-le, ad. With envy; with malig¬ nity excited by the excellence or prosperity of an¬ other. Enviousness, en' ve-us-nes, s. The quality or state of being envious. Environ, tf/t-vt'-ron, v.a. To surround; to encompass; to encircle; to involve; to envelop; to besiege; to enclose; to invest. Environed, en~vi'-rond, pp. of the verb to enviroyi. Environment. en~vi'-ron-iaent, s. A surroundiiig or being surrounded. Environn^, aunt/-ve-ro7i-Hayf a. (Fr.) In heraldry , sur¬ rounded with other things. Environs, en'-ve-rons or en-vi'~rons, s.pl. The parts or places which surround another place, or lie in its neighbourhood on different sides. Envolume, en-voV-ume, v.a. To form into a volume. Envoy, en*~voy, s. A person next in rank to an ambas¬ sador, deputed by a prince or govemment to negotiate a treaty, or transact other business, with a foreign prince or government; $ a common messenger. Envoyship, en'~voy-ship, s. The oflice of an envoy. Envy, v.a. To feel uneasiness, mortification, or discontent at the sight of superior excellence, reputa¬ tion, or happiness enjoyed V another; to repine at another’s prosperity; to grudge; to withhold mali¬ ciously. — 8. Pain; uneasiness, mortification, or discontent excited by the sight of another’s superiority or suc¬ cess, accompanied with some degree of hatred or malignity ; malice ; malignity , public odium ; ill- repute ; invidiousness; $rivalrv; competition. Envying, en'-ve-ing, s. Mortification experienced at the supposed prosperity and happiness of another ; ill- will at others, on account of some supposed supe¬ riority. Enwallowed, en-waV-lotvdy a. Being wallowed or wallowing. Enwheel, en-hweeV, v.a. To encircle. Enwiden,!: en-wi'-den, v.a. To make wider. Enwoman, v.a. To make like a woman; to ^ endow with the qualities of a woman. Enwome, en-woom', v.a. To bui*y ; to hide as in a gulf pit, or cavern ; Jto make pregnant. Enwoombed. ew-tfoowirf' pp. of the verb to enwomb. PJnwrap, eyi-raj/, v.a. To envelop. See Inwrap. En WRAPMENT, e7i-rap'-'tnefit, s. A covering ; a wrapper. Enwreathe, en-reethe',y .a,. To encompass with a wi’eath. See Inwreathe. Eocene, e'-o-sene, a. In geology, a term applied to the earlier tertiarj deposits, in which are a few organic remains of existing species of animals. Eolian, e-o'-ie-an, \ a. Pertaining to ^olia or JEolis, in Eolic, e-ol'-ik, / Asia Minor, inhabited by Greeks —Molian lyre is a simple stringed instrument that sounds by the impulse of aii-, named from Molne, the deity of the winds.—JSoZia/i attachment is a contri¬ vance attached to a pianoforte, by which a stream of air can he thrown on the strings, and the volume of sound greatly increased. Eolipile, e-oV-e-pile, s. A hollow ball of metal, with a pipe or slender neck having a small orifice, used in experiments with steam. Eon, e'-on, 8. In the Platonic philosophy, yirtnQ, attri¬ bute, or perfection existing from eternity. Eostre, d-os-ter, s. In mythology, a Saxon goddess, to whom sacrifices were offered in the month of April called the month of Eostra, whence the name of Eostre, or Easter, is adopted by our Saxon ancestors. Ep, ) ep. ( In compositio7i, usually signifies on or Eti, j ep'-i. \ upon. Epacridace.®, ep-d-kre-da'-se-e, s. A natural order of monopetalous Exogens, nearly allied to the Ericacece, or Heaths, and of which the genus Epacris is the type. Epact, In chroyiology, a teiTu denoting the moon’s age at the end of the year, or the number of days by which the last new moon has preceded the beginning of the year. Epaoogue, ep'-d-gog, s. In rhetoric, a figure of speech which demonstrates universal propositions by parti¬ culars. Ei’alpate, e-paP pate, a. In entomology, destitute of palpi. EIpanadiplosis, ep-an-d-dip-lo’-sis, s. Repetition; a figure of speech by which a sentence is made to begin and end Vfith the same Tvord. Epan.alepsis, s. Resumption; a figure of rhetoric, by which the same word is repeated in resuming the subject after a long parenthesis, &c. EP.4.NODOS, ep-an'-o-dos, s. A rhetorical figure, wli^n a sentence or member is inverted or repeated back¬ ward. Epanorthosis, ep-a7\-or-tho'-sis, s. A figure of rhetoric, in which a speaker recals what he has said for the sake of making it stronger. Epanthous, e-jiay^'-thus, a. Growing upon flowers, as some hhingi do. Eparch, ep'-drk,e. The governor or prefect of a pro¬ vince. Eparchy, ep'-or-Ae, 8. A province, prefecture, or ter¬ ritory under the jurisdiction of an eparch. Epaule, ep-awV, s. (Fr.) The shoulder of a bastion a side cover. Epaulement, ep-awV-meyit, s. In fortificatioii, a side- work, or work to cover sidewise, made of gabions, fascines, or bags of earth. Epaulet, ep'-aw-let, s. A shoulder-piece; an orna¬ mental badge worn on the shoulder by military men, a captain and all higher officers having one on each shoulder. Epenetic, ep-e-nef-ik, a. Laudatory ; bestowing praise. Epenthesis, e-pen'- a. Diumal; beginning and Ephemeric, e-fem'-e-ric, j ending in a day • con- tmuing or existing one day only; short-lived; exist¬ ing or continuing for a short time only. Ephemebans, e-fem'-er-ans, ) s. A family of Neurop- Ephemerin.®, ef-e-m.er'-e-ne, j terous insecte, of wluch the Ephemera is the genus. Ephembris, e-fem'-e-ris, s.; pi. Ephemerides. Ajournal or account of daily transactions; a diary.—In astronomy an account of the daily state or positions of the planets or heavenly orbs; a table, or collection of tables, ex- hibitmg the places of the planets every day at noon, —In literature, a general name for reviews, niaga- zmes, and all kinds of periodical literature. Ephembrist, e-fem'-e-rist, s. One who studies the daily motions and i)ositions of the planets ; an astrologer. Ephemeron, e-fem'-e-ron, s. The being of a day. Ephemebon-worm, e-fem*-e-royi-wurm, s. A worm that lives one day only. Ephesian, e-fe’-zhe-an, a. Pertaining to Ephesus in Asia Minor. o ^ ** , uijc ui uijibolute me. Ephesians, e-fe'-zhe-ans, s. The name of a book in the New Testament, being Paul’s Epistle to the Church of Ephesus. Ephet^, ef-e-te, s. The name of certain noble judges at Athens who tried cases of homicide. Ephialtes, ef-e-aU-tes, s. The night-mare. Ephop, c/'-od, s. (Heb.) An ornamental robe, or sacer dotal girdle, worn by the Jewish priests. That worn by the high priest was richly adorned; and the ephod worn by the ordinary priests was of fine linen. Epiior, ef'-or, s.; pi. Ephors or Ephori. In ancient Sparta, a magistrate chosen by the people to check the power of the king. They were five in number. Ephoraltv^ e/'-or-al-te, s. The office, or term of office, of an ephor. ^ Epic, ep'-ik, a. Narrative; containing narration; re¬ hearsing.^ An epic poem, otherwise called heroic, is a poem which narrates a story, real or fictitious, repre* senting some signal action or series of actions and hero ’ achievements of some distinguish^ — s. An epic poem. v EpiCA.aiPBS, ep-e-h^-e-deSf s. In zoology, a family d EPIOARP C 347 ] EPIPLEXIS the Isopoda, whkh remain fixed to the trunk of cer-1 tain shrimps. , EPICA.RP, -e-karpy 8. In hotanyy the outer skin of fruitt, the fleshy part being called the sarcocarpy and the stone the endoc.arp. EFICA.RPOTJS, ep-e-kar'-puSy a. In botanyy an epithet applied to flowers or stamens when superior or borne by the fruit. . ^ 2?iced£, ep'-e-sede, )8. A funeral song) or Eficedium, ep-e-se'-de-um,) elegy; a dirge. TSiVic^m^ijy ep-e-sejde-al, ) Elegiac; mournful. Epicbdia-n, cp-e-se-a«-an, ) Epicene, ep'-e-sene, a. or s. Common to both sexes.—A term applied in grammar to such nouns as have only one form of gender, as p^ent. Epicerastic, ep'-e-se^ra^-tiky a. Demulcent; soothing. Epicerie, e-pW~e~re, s. Grocery wares ; spices, &c. Epichordis, ep-e-kawr'-aiSy s. The mesentery. Epichorion, ep-e-ko'-re-oTiy s. The deciduous membrane of the foetus. . ,, ^ ^ Epicolic, ep-e-'koV-ik, a. Relating to that part of the abdomen which lies over the surface of the colon, sometimes called the epicolic region. EpicaANiAL, ep-e-kra’-ne al, a. In anatomy, those parts which relate to the cranium or skull. ' Epicuaniom, ep-e-kra'-ne-um, s. In anatomy, a term usually applied to the occipito-frontalla muscle, and sometimes to the skii, of the head, or to the soft parts which form the scalp. Epictetian, ep-ik-te'-she-an, a. Pertaining to the Stoic Epictetus. Epicoke, ep'-e-kure, 8. A follower of Epicurus; a voluptuary; a man devoted to sensual enjoyments; one who indulges in the luxuries of the table. Epicokean, ep-e-ku-re’-an, a. Luxurious; given to luxury. — s. A follower of Epicurus; one addicted to the luxuries of the table. Epicureanism, ep~e-‘ku'~Te-an-izm,s. Attachment to the doctrines of Epicurus; luxuriousness. Epicurism, ep'-e-ku~rizm, s. Luxury; sensual enjoy¬ ments ; indulgence in gross pleasure; voluptuousness; the doctrines of Epicurus. Epicurize, ep'-e-ku~rize, v.n. To feed or indulge like an epicure; to riot; to feast; to profess the doctrines of Epicurus. Epicycle, ep-e-8i'kl,s. In the Ptolemaic astronomyy a little circle revolving while its centre moves round in the circumference oi a greater. Epicycloid, ep-e-si'kloydy s. In geometryy a curve gene¬ rated by any point in the plane of a moveable circle, which rolls on the inside or outside of the circum¬ ference of a fixed cii'cle. Epictcloidal, ep-e-si-Jcloy'~dal, a. Pertaining to or like the epicycloid. Epidemic, ep-e-dem'-iky s. A disease generally prevail¬ ing, but not dependent on any local cause. Epidemic, ep~e~dem'-ik , i a. Common to many Epidemical, ep e-dein'-e-kalyi people; generally pre¬ vailing ; affecting gi’eat numbers. Epidemically, ep-e-dem'-e-kal~ley ad. In an epidemical manner. . Epidemicalness, t ep~e-dem'-e-kal-7ies, s. State of being epidemical. Epidemiology, ep-e-deni-C'^ol'-o-je, s. A discourse on epidemics. , . , Bpidemy, ep'-e-dem^e, s. An epidemical disease. Epidermal, ep-e-der'-maly 1 a. Pertaining to or Epidermic, ep-e- der'-mik, > like the epidermis ; Epidermidal, cp-e-tier'-wie-dflZ, * covering the skin, or Epidermis, ep-e-der'-mis, s. The cuticle or scarf-skin of the body; a thin membrane covering either the skin of animals or the bark of plants. Epidermoid, ep-e-der'-moyd] a. Bearing some resem¬ blance to the epidermis. Epidictic, ep-e-dik'-tik, a. That explains, exhibits, or lays open. Epidote, ej/-e-dote, s. A mineral of a green or grey colour, and vitreous lustre, consisting of silica, alu¬ mina, lime, and oxide of iron or manganese. Epidotic, ep - e - dof-iky a. Pertaining to epidote, or con¬ taining it. 'Epigastric^ ep-e-gas'-trik, a. Pertaining to the upper and anterior part of the abdomen. Epigeb, ep'-e-je. See Perigee. Bpioene, ep'-e-jene, a. In geology y formed or originating on the surface of the earth. Bpioeous, (^-e-je*-uSy a. In botany, growing close upo the earth. Epiglottic, ep-e-gloif-tik, a. Belonging to the epi¬ glottis. Epiglottis, ep-e-glot'-tis, s. In afiatotny, one of ths cartilages of the larynx, whose "use is to protect th€ glottis when food or drink is passing into the stomach- Epigram, ej/-e-gram, s. A short poem treating only oi one thing, and ending with some lively, ingenious, and natural thought. Epigrammatic, ep-e-gram-mat'-ik, 1 Writing Epigrammatical, ep-e-grani-mat'-e-kaly j epigrams ,• dealing in epigrams; suitable to or belonging to epi¬ grams ; like an epigram; concise; pointed; poignant. Epigrammatist, ep-e-gram'-md-tist, s. One who com¬ poses epigrams or deals in them. Epigrammatize, ep-e-gram'-md-tize, v.a. To express ideas tersely or epigrammatically Epigraph, ep'-e-graj. s. Among a^itiguaries,^ an in¬ scription on a h'uil^ng.—In literature, a citation from some author, or a sentence framed for the purpose, placed at the commencement of a work; a motto. Epigraphics, ep-e-graf'-Jiks, s.pl. The science of in¬ scriptions ; the art of deciphering them. Epigynous, e-py'-e-nus, a. In ootayiy, a term used when the stamens are united with the surface of the calyx and of the ovary. Epilepsy, ep'-e-lep-se, a. The falling sickness, so called because the patient falls suddenly to the ground; a disease characterised by spasms or convulsions and loss of sense. Epileptic, ep-e-lep'-tik, a. Pertaiaing to the falling sickness; affected with or consisting of epilepsy. — s. One afifiicted with epilepsy. Epileptical, ep-e-lep'-te-kal, a. Cou'vulsed; disordered as by an epilepsy. Epileptics, ep-e-lep'-tiks, s.pl. Medicines for epileptics. Epilogism, e-piV-o-jizm, s. Computation ; enumeration. Epilogistic, ep-e-lo-Jis'-tik, a. Pertaining to or of the nature of an epilogue. Epilogue, ep'-e-log, s. In oratory, a conclusion ; the closing part of a discourse, in which the principal matters are recapitulated.—In the drama, a speech or short poem addressed to the spectators by one of the actors, after the conclusion of tlie play. . Epiloguize, ep' e-lo-gize, v.n. To add to, in the manner of an epilogue. Epinyctis, ep e-nik'-U s, a. A rash, or angry pustule, appearing in the night and disappearing in the morn- ing. Epiornis, ep-e-or'-nis, s. The name of a gigantic fossil bird, at one time living in Madagascar, the bones of which have been brought to Europe; the egg of the epiornis being six times larger than that of the ostrich. Epipastic, ep-e-pa^-tiky a. In pathology, applied to those remedies which affect the skin. Epipbdometr Y ,X ep-e-pe-dom'-e-tre, s. The mensuration of figures standing on the same base. Epiphany, e-pif-dc-ne, s. A church festival celebrated on the 6th day of January, the twelfth day after Christmas, in commemoration of the appearance of our Saviour to the Magi, or philosophers o-f the 35ast, who came to adore him with presents. Epiphbgus, e - pi - fe'-guSy s. The botanical name of the j^erican Beech-drops. Epiphonema, ep-e-fo-ne'-md, s. In oratory, an excla¬ matory sentence or striking reflection. Epiphora, e-pif'-o-rci, s. The watery eye; a disease in which the tears accumulate.—In rhetoric, t'hQ emphatic repetition of a word or phrase at the end of several sentences or stanzas. Epiphyllospermous, ep-e-Jil-lo-sperm'-us, a. In botany, bearing their seeds on the hack of the leaves, as ferns. Epiphyllous, €j/-e-fil-u8y a. In 6oiany, inserted upon the leaf. Epiphysis, e-pif'-e-sts, s. Accretion; the natural gro'NV’- ing of one hone to another by simple contiguity. Epiphytal, e-pif'-e-cal, a. Pertaining to an epiphyte. Epiphyte, ep'-e-fite, s. A plant which grows on other plants, as many of the Eungi do, but does not absorb their juices. . ^ Epiphytic, ep-e-fiif-ik, a. Having the nature of an epiphyte. , . ^ . !_■ i. Epiplexis, ep - e - plekd-isy s. In rrteioric, a figure in which the speaker endeavours to convince and move by a gentle upbraiding. EPIPLOIC [ 348 ] EPULOTIC Epiploic ep-e-plo'-ilzy a. PertainiJii? to tiie caiU or omeutum. Epiploon, e-pij/-loony s. The caul or omentum, so called from its floating on the intestines. EpiPomA., ep-e-po-e'-y&, s. In poetry, the fable or sub¬ ject treated of in an epic poem. Epischesis, e-pis-ke'-sisy s. In pathology, retention or suppression of the natural evacuations or discharges. EPI8COPA.CT, e-pi^-ko-pA-se, s. Government of the church by bishops or prelates: watching over; careful inspection. Bpiscopal, e-pi^-ko~pal, a. Belonging to or vested in bishops or prelates; governed by bishops. Episcopalia, e~pis-ko~pa’~le-A, s. In the Fapal ages, customary payments from the clergy to their diocesan bishops. Episcopalian, c-pts-Ao-pa'-Ze-an, a. Pertainingtobishops or government bv bishops; episcopal. — s. One who belongs to an episcopal church, or ad¬ heres to the episcopal form of church government and discipline. Ep^copalianism, e-pis-ko-pa*-le-an-izm, s. The system of episcopal religion, or government of the church by bishops. Episcopally, e-pW-ko-paUle, ad. By episcopal autho¬ rity ; in an episcopal manner. Episcopate, e-pis^-ko-pate, s. A bishopric; the office and dignity of a bishop; the order of bi^ops. - v.a. To act as a bishop; to fill the office of a prelate. Kpi;8i:orT, e-pis'-ko~pe, s. Survey; superintendence; search. ^ » r , BC;Henium, ep-e-se'-ne-um, s. In ancient architecture, the upper order oi the scene in a theatre. Episode, ef-e-sodCj s. In poetry, a separate incident, story, or action, introduced for the purpose of giving a greater variety to the events related in the poem; an incidental narrative or digression.—In music, a terra applied to those portions of a fugue which de¬ viate from the subj ect-matter, and supply the embody- mg harmony. Episodial, ep-e-so'-de-al, Episodic ” Episodica , ep - e - so '- de - al , J a. Pe:^ining to ep - e - sod '- ik , \ 80 de,"or poetical L, ep - e - sod '- e - kal , ) sion. an epi- digres- Episodicallt, ep - e - sod '- e - kal - le , ad. By way of episode. Episomitb, ep '- e - so - mite , s. The native sulphate of magnesia. Epispastic, ep - e - spas '- tik , a. In pathology , drawing ; attracting the humoui’s to the skin; exciting action in the skin; blistering. — 8. An article which, by topical and external appli¬ cation, produces inflammation and vesication, as a blister. Epispeem, ep '- e ^ sperm , s. The outer integument of a seed. Epistaxis, e - pis - tak '- sis , s. Bleeding from the nose; nasal haemorrhage. Episternal, ep - e - ster '- nal , a. An epithet applied to the anterior portion of the sternum, which, m birds, sus¬ tains the fork-bone. Epistilbite, ep - is - til '- hite , s. A mineral, white and translucent, composed of siUca, alumina, lime, soda, and water. ^ A writing sent, communicating distant person; a letter; a letter Epistle, e - pis ^ tl , intelligence to missive. EpiSTLER,f e - pist ' ler , s. A writer of epistles; one who formerly attended the communion-table, and read the epistles. Epi^olary, e-jptV-^o-Zrtr-«, a. Pertaining to epistles or letters; suitable to letters and correspondence • fami¬ liar ; contained in letters. Epistolet, 8 . A billet-doux; a short epistle or letter. Epistolic, ep - is - toV - ik , \ a. Pertaining to letters Epistolical, ep - is - tol '- e - kal , ) or epistles; designating the method of representing ideas by letters and words. Epistolize, e - pisl - to - lize , v.n. To write epistles or letters. Epistolizer, e - pis '- to - H - zer , s. A writer of epistles. Epistolographic, e - pis - to - lo - graf - ik , a. Pertainingto the writing of letters. Epistolography, e - pis - to - lo ^- rA - fe , s. The art or prac¬ tice of writing letters. Epistrophe, e - pi ^- tro - fe , s. A figure in rhetoric , in which several successive sentences end with the same word or affirmation. Epistyle, ep ’- e - stile , s. In ancient architecture , a term iwd by the Greeks for what is now called the archi ¬ trave , a m^sive piece of stone or wood laid on the abacus of the capital of a column or pillar. Epitaph, ep '- e - taj , s. A monumental inscription in verse^ memory of the dead; an eulogy in prose or Epitaphian, ep-e-^o'-/e-an,) a. Pertaining to an epi- Epitaphic, ep - e - taf '- ik , J taph. ^ Epitaphist, ep '- e - ta-fist, s. A writer of epitaphs. Epitasjs, e - piif -&- 8 is , s. (Gr.) In the ancient drama , that part which embraces the main action of a plav. and leads on to the catastrophe. Epithalamium, ep - e - tha - la '- me - um ,) 8. A nuptial song j or poem in praise or the bride and bridegroom, and praying for their* prosperity. Epithem, s. In pharmacy , any external application; especially applied to liquids in which clothes are dipped, and applied to a part. Epithet, ep ^ e - thet , s. An adjective expressing some r^l quality of the thing to which it is applied, or an attribute expressing some quality or characteristic ascribed to it. ^ v.a. To entitle; to describe by epithets. Epithetic, ep - e .- thet ‘- ik , a. Pertaining to ai consisting of epithets. Epithumetic, ep - e - thu - met '- ik , \ a. Inclined to Bpithcmetical, ep - e - thu - met '- e - kal ,] lust; pertain¬ ing to the animal passion. Epitome, e - pif - o - me , s. An abridgment; a brief sum¬ mary or abstract of any book or writing; a com¬ pendium. Epitomist, e - pif - o - mist , s. An epitomizer. Epitomize, e - pif - o - mize , v.a. To abridge, curtail, or condense, as a writing or discourse; to abstract the principal matters of a book; to contract into a nar¬ rower compass; to diminish. Epitomized, e - pif - o - mize ' d , pp. or a. Abridged ; short¬ ened ; contracted into a smaller compass, as a book or writing. Epitomizer, e - pif - o - mi-zer, s. One who abridges; a writer of an rpitome. Epitrite, ep '- e - trite , s. In prosody , a foot consisting of three long syllables, and one short one. Epitropb, j e-'oif-ro-'oe / rhetoric, concession; a Epitropy, ) ^ figure by which a thing is granted with a view to obtain an advantage. Epizeuxis, ep - e - zuke '- sis , s. A figure, in rhetoric , in which a word is repeated with vehemence; as, You , you , Antony. ) an epithet, or Epizoa, ep - e - z (/-&, Epizoans, ^- e - zo - ans . other animals. Epizooti^ ep - e - zo - of - ik , a called A minute class of animals which live parasitically on ^ , Pertaining to the animals ' jptzoans ; denoting a disease among animals, called Hpizooty .— ln . geology , an epithet formerly given to such mountains as contain fossil remains. Efizooty, ep - e - zo '- o - te , 8 . A murrain or pestilence among irrational animals. Epoch, ep '- ok , 1 s. In chronology , a fixed point of Epocha, ep '- o - kA , j time from which succeeding years are numbered; a point from which computation of years bogins; any fixed time or period; the period when anything begins, or is remarkably prevalent. Epode, ep '- ode , a . In lyric poetry , the third or last part of the ode ; that which follows the strophe and anti- strophe ; any little verse or verses that follow one or more great ones. Epodic, ep - od ^-% k , a. Pertaining to or resembling an epode. Epopee, ep '- o - pe , EpoPffiiA, ep '- o - pe - e - A . Epos, ep '- os . An epic poem; the history, action, or fable, which makci . . , . the subject of an epic poem. Epouvante, ep - oo - vaunt ^ , s. In military matters , a sudden panic with which troops are seized, and under which they retreat without any necessity for so doing. Eprouvette, a - proo - vef , a . (Ft.) In gunnery , a ma¬ chine for proving the strength of gunpowder. Epsom-salt, ep '- sum - salt , s. The sulphate of magnesia, a cathartic. Epulary, ep '- u - lar - e , a. Pertaining to a feast or ban¬ quet. Epulation, ep - u - la '- shun , s. A feasting. Epulis, ep '- u - lis , s. In pathology , a small tubercle or fungous excrescence on the gums. Epulose, ep '- u - lose , a. Feasting to excess. Epulosity, ep - u - lof - e - te , 8. A feasting to excess. Epulotic, a. HeaUng; cicatriEing. EPULOTIC [ 349 ] EQUIPAGE Epulotic. 8 - A. medicament or application which tends to dry, cicatrize, and heal purulent wounda or ulcer¬ ated sores. EpuRATiONjt ep~n-rc^~shunf s. A purifying. Eqtiajbilitt, e-kwd.-hii'-e-tef s. Equality in motion; uni¬ formity ; ereimess or uniformity, as of mind or temper. Equable, tf-kwd-bl^ a. Equal and uniform at aU times, as motion; even; smooth; having a uniform surface or form. Equableness. ^-ktv6>-bl-ne8, s. State of being equable. Equably, e'-kwA-ble, ad. With an equal or uniform motion 5 wit]i,iContinued uniformity ; evenly. Equal, a. Having the same magnitude or di¬ mensions ; being of the same bulk or extent; having the same value ; having the same qualities or con¬ dition ; having the same degree; even ; uniform; not variable; being in just proportion; impartial; neutral; not biassed ; indiflferent; of the same interest or con¬ cern ; just; equitable; giving the same or similar rights or advantages ; being on the same terms; en¬ joying the same or similar benefits ; adequate; having competent power, ability, or means. — s. One not inferior or superior to another-; having the same or a similar age, rank, station, office, talents, strength, &c. — v.a. To make equal; to make one thing of the same quantity, dimensions, or quality as another; to raise to the same state, rank, or estimation with another; to be equal to; to make equivalent to; to recompense fully ; to answer in full proportion ; to be of like ex¬ cellence or beauty. Equality, e-kwol'-e-te, s. An agreement of things in dimensions, quantity, or quality; Ukeness; similarity in regard to two things compared; the same degree of dignity or claims; evenness ; uniformity; same¬ ness m state or continued course; plainness. Equalization , e-kwal'e-za'-shun, s. The act of equaliz¬ ing, or s^ ate of being equalized. Equalize e'-kwal-ize, v.a. To make equal.—In military viatters, to equalize a battalion is to tell off a certain number of companies in such a manner that the several component parts shall consist of the same number of men. Equally, e'-kival-le, ad. In the same degree with another; alike; in equal shares or proportions ; im¬ partially , with equal justice. Equalness, e'-kwaUnes, s. Equality; a state of being equal; evenness ; uniformity. Equangulah, e-kivayi'-gu-laYf a. Consisting of equal angles; equiangular. Equanimity, e-ku;a~7iim'-e-te, 8 . Evenness of mind; that calm temper or mental firmness which is not easily elated or depressed. Equanimous, e-kivan'-e-mus, a. Of an even, composed frame of mind ; of a steady temper. Equant, e’-kwanty s. In the Ptolemaic system of astro- tiomy, an imaginary circle, used for regulating and adjusting certain motions of the planets. Equate, e-kwate', v.a. In astroyiomy, to reduce all the observations of a heavenly body to some common and convenient epoch. Equation, e-kiva'-shun, s. A nialang equal, or an equal division. — In algebra, a proposition asserting the equality.of two quantities, and expressed by the sign = between them ; or an expression of the same quan¬ tity in two dissimilar terms, but of equal value, as 8s. = 36^.—In astronomy, equation of time is the interval by which apparent time diflfers from mean time. Equator, e-ktea'-tur, s. A great circle of the terrestrial f 'lohe, equally distant from the two poles, and dividing he eartii into two hemispheres, tlie north and the south. Equatorial, e-kwh-to'-re-al, a. Pertaining to the equator. — 8 . An astronomical, instrument with a telescope, whose motion is on an axis parallel to the axis of the earth. Eouatoriallt, e-kwa-to'-re-al-le, ad. So as to have the motions of an equatorial. Equerry, e-kive7''~re,) s. An officer of princes or nobles, Equert, e'-kwer-re, j who has the care of their horses ; a large stable or lodge for horses. Equestrian, a. Pertaining to horses or hoi* 8 emanship; performed with horses; being on horseback, as a lady ; skilled in horsemanship ; repre- •enting a person on horsehack, as a statue ; celebrated by horse-races, as games; belon^ng to knighs. as the equestrian order. Equestrian, s. One skilled in horsemanship. Equiangular, e-kwe~an'-gu~lar, a. In geometry, con¬ sisting of, or having equal angles. Equi-balance, e-kwe^aU-ans, s. Equal weight. — v.a. To have equal weight with something. Equicrural, e-kwe-kru'-ral, ) a. Having legs of equal Equicrurb, e-kwe-krur^, ) length; having equa. legs, but longer than the base; isosceles, as a triangle. Equi-different, e-kwe-dif-fer-e?it, a. Having equal differences; arithmetically proportional. Equi-distance, e-kwe-dis'-tans, s. Equal distance. Ec*oi-distant, e-kioe-disf-tant, a. Being at an equal distance from some point or thing. kUTLY, e-kwe-dis’-tant-le, ad. At the same or an equal distance. Equiporm, e'-kwe~faiorm, a. Having the same form; similarly shaped. Equiformitt, e-kice-fawrm'-e-te, s. Uniform equally. Equilateral, e-kive-laf-e-7'al, a. Having ail the siues equal. — s. A side exactly corresponding to others. Equilibrate, e-kwe-li'-brate, v.a. To balance equally two scales, sides, or ends; to keep even with equal weight on each side. Equilibration, e-kwe-li~bra'-shun, s. Equipoise; the act of keeping the balance even, or the state of being equally balanced. Equilibrious, e-kice-lih'-re~xis, a. Equally poised. Equilibriously, e-kwe-lih’-re-us~le, ad. In equal poise. Equilibrist, e-kwil*-e-brist, s. One who keeps his balance in unnatural positions and hazardous move¬ ments ; a balancer. Eqoilibritt, e-kive-lih’-re-te, s. The state of being equally balanced; equal balance on both sides; equi¬ librium. Equilibrium, c-AiTJe-Zid'-re-Mw, s. Equipoise; equality of weight or force; a state of rest produced by the mutual counteraction of two or more forces; a just poise or balance in respect to an object, so that it remains firm; equal balancing of the mind between motives or reasons.— In equilibrio, in a state of equi¬ librium. Equimultiple, e-kwe-mtiV~te-pl, a. A term applied to quantities multiplied by the same number. — 8. In mathematics, the product of a quantity multi¬ plied by the same number as another quantity. Equine, e'-kwine, 1 a. Pertaining to a horse; denot- Equinal, e-kwi'-nal,) ing the horse kind. Equinecessary, e-kice~7ies'-e:'sar-e, a. Necessary or needful in the same degree. Equinoctial, e-ktoe-nohf-shal, a. Pertaining to the e— s. Excess; superfluity. Exceedingly, ek-seed'-ing-le, ad. To a very great de¬ gree ; in a degree beyond what is usual; very much. ExcEEDiNGNE8s,t ek-seed'-ing-ues, s. Greatness in quan¬ tity, extent, or duration. Excel, ek-seV, v.a. To exceed; to surpass in good qualities or laudable deeds; to outdo; to exceed or go beyond in bad qualities or deeds; to surpass. — v.n. To have good qualities, or to perform merito- in an nmiQlinl HpCrrPA* hp PniillPnt- rious actions in an unusual degree; to be eminent, illustrious, or distinguished. Excelled, ek-sel i', pp. of the verb to excel. Excellence, ek'-sel-leyis, 1 s. The state of possessing Excellency, good qualities in an emi¬ nent degree, or of excelling in an^hing; superiority super-eminence, or worth; any valuable quauty; any¬ thing highly laudable, meritorious, or virtuous m persons, or valuable and esteemed in things ; dignity, high rank in the scale of beings; a title of honour formerly given to kings and emperors, now given to ambassadors, governors, and other persons below the rank of kings. Excellent, ^'-sel-lent, a. Being of great^ virtue or worth; eminent or distinguished for what is amiable, valuable, or laudable; worthy, exquisite, or ti'ans- cendent; beiug of great value or use ; remarkable for good properties; distinguished for superior attain¬ ments; consummate; complete. Excellently , ad. In an excellent man¬ ner ; well in a high degree; in an eminent degree. Excelling, ek-sel'^ing, ppr, or a. Surpassing in excel- Excentral, ek-sen'-tral, a. In botany, out of the centre Excentric, ek-sen'-trik, s. In geometry and mechanics, a term applied to circles and spheres which have not the same centre, and consequently are not parallel. See Eccentric Except, ek-sept', v.a. To take or leave out of any num¬ ber specified; to exclude; to take or leave out any particular or particulars from a general description. — v.n. To object; to make objections. , — prep. Exclusive of. — conj. Unless; without. Exceptant, ek-sep'-tant, a. Implying exception.^ Exception, ek-sep'-shun, s. The act of excepting, or excluding from a number designated, or from a de¬ scription ; exclusion; exclusion from what is compre¬ hended in a general rule or proposition; that wMch is excepted, excluded, or separated fi’om others in a general description ; the person or thing specified as distinct or not included; an objection; that which is or may he offered in opposition to a rule, proposition, statement, or allegation; objection with dislike offence; slight anger or resentment. — In lawj the denial of what is alleged and considered as Yalid by the other party, either in point of law or m pleading; a saving clause in writing —Bill of exceptions is a statement of exceptions or objections to evidence.^ Exceptionable, ek-sep*-shun-d-bl,_ a. luable to objec- Exceptuonableness, ek-sep' -shun-d-bl-nes , 8 . The qua¬ lity of being exceptionable. Exceptional, ek-sep'-shun-al, a. an exception. Exceptioner, ek-sep'~shun-er, Exc^ptious, ek-sep'-shus, a. Peevish; disposed or apt ExcEPrtoesNEsS; ek-^ep^-shus-nes, s. Disposition to Porming or making One who makes ob EXCEPTIVE [ 362 ] EXCLUSION Ejiceptitk, ek-se/t'-tiv, a. Including an exception; makiii" or being an exception. Excki>ti.ess4 ek-sept'-les, a. Omitting all exception. ExcEP’roa, ek-sep'-tur, s. One who objects, or makes exceptions. Excerebrattox, ekse-re-hra'-shuny s. Act of beatinjr out the brains, ° ExcEREBaosE, e.k-ser'-e-brosey a. Deficient of brains. Excern, ek-sern', v.a. To separate and emit through the pores, or through small passages of the body; to strain out; to excrete. Excerp,+ ekserp'. ) m • , Excerpt, t ck-sc^'pt', ] select. Excerpt, ek^sevjit', a. Gleaned. — s. Something gleaned, or picked out. Excerption, s. A picking out; a glean¬ ing; selection; that which is selected. Excerptor, ek-serp'-ttirf s. A selecter ; a comniler* a culler. ’ Excerpts, ek-serpts’, s.pl. Extracts from authors ; select passages. Excels, Superfluity; that which is beyond necessity or wants ; that which is beyond the common measure, pro])ortion, or due quantity; suiierabund- ance ot anything; any transgression of due limits.— In utoroh, any indulgence of appetite, passion, or exertion beyond the rules of propriety ; intemperance. —In arUh)n€tic and iieometry, tliat by which one number or quantity exceeds another. Excessive, ek-ses'ysiVy a. Eeyond any given degree measure, or limit, or beyond the common measure or proportion; beyond the established laws of morality and religion, or beyond the hounds of justice, fitness, piupnety, expedience, or utility; extravagant; un- ^ reasonable ; velienient; violent. Excessively, ad. In an extreme degree; Imit^*'^ ; exceedingly; vehemently, vio- Excessiveness, ek-ses'-siv-nes, s. The state or quality of being m the extreme; excess. E.xchange, eks-tvhaynj^, v.a. To barter, or give one thiiig or commodity for another, more especially applied to commercial dealings ; to change, commute, baigaiii, or traftic; to lay aside, quit, or resign one thing, state, or condition, and take another in the place of It; to give and receive reciprocally. — s. Tlie act of bartering, or giving one thing or com¬ modity for another, more especially as applied to trade or commercial transactions; ti-afflc by permuta¬ tion, in which the tiling received is supposed to be equivalent to the tiling given; the act of giving up or resi^ung one thing or state for another, without con- traet ; the act of giving and receiving reciprocally; the contract by wliich one commodity is transferred to another for an equivalent commodity; the thing given m return for something received, or the tiling received in return for what is given ; the form of ex¬ changing one debt or credit for anotlier, orsettUng bv order, ^aft, or bill of exchange.— The course of Ex¬ change IS the current price between two places, which is above or below par, or at par.—The place where the merchants, brokers, and bankers of a city meet to tran.s^t Imsiiiess.at certain hours; often contracted ^^,^!^^hge.-~Excnange-bi'okerU a person who attends on Change to negociate foreign bills, for wjilch he receives a small_ commission.— o/ Exchange rUflS'® calcuhition of the profit of exchanges at different places.— iSiii of Exchange is a written order tLITGrtins' nnp •njirf'tr trt rkotT r> _1 ,, toecting one p.irty to pay a sum of money to another. n iT^,eks-lchaynje-a-bil’-e-te, s. The quality Ex IHA.NGEABI or strt'.i of being exchangeable, Exi H.-NGEABLE, eks-tchayn-e’-tt-bl, a. That may be ex- clianged ; capable, ht, or proper to be exchanged. Exchan.ied, eks-tchaynja', pp, of the verb to exchange. Exi'hanger, eks-tchaynje'-erf s. One who exchanges, or practises exchange. ?*• bOhrt of record, anciently estabhstied by W ilUam the Conqueror, and intended pruicipally to collect and superintend the king’s debts and duties or revenues. The financial part of its business is now transacted by the Bank of England; and the ludicial part, which consists of a court of ciinih'on law and a court of equity, is now opened to the.nation generally.-Ea-c/iejKer bills are bills for money, or promissory bills, issued from the Exchequer by cUtnority of Parliament.— Excheguiniiiable. ExECRABLENEss,-t eks'-e-kr(i-bl-7*fs, 8. State of being execrable; detestableness. EXEOEABLT [ 364 ] EXERCISE SiS'PCUABLy, ad. Cursedly; detestably. Execrate, eks!-e-kraU^ v.a. To curse ; to denounce evil apinst, or to imprecate evil on, to detest utterly; to abhor; to abominate. Execrated, ^>A:5'-«-A;m-^ec^,pp.ora. Cursed; denounced, imprecated. Execration, eks-e-kra’-shun, s. The act of cursing; a curse pronounced; imprecation of evil; malediction; detestation expressed. Execratoby. eks'~e-kr&~tur-ej s. A formulary of exe¬ cration. Exect ,+ egz-ekf, v.a. To cut off or out. Exection,+ egz~ek’-shutij s. A cutting offer out. Executable, eks'-e-kew-td.-hl, a. That may be executed; that may be carried out or performed. Execute, ek'-se-kewt, v.a. To pei’foim; to do; to accom¬ plish, effect, or achieve; to caiTj into complete effect, as applied to the law, or the judgment or sentence on a peison ; to inflict capital punishment on; to put to death ; to kill without form of law; to complete, as a legal instrument; to perform what is required to give va^^ty to a writing, as by signing and sealing. —• v.n. To perfonn the proper office. Executed, ek'-se-kew-tea, pp. of the verb to execute. Executer, ek'-se-kew-ter,^. One who performs or carries into effect. Execution , ek-se-kew'-sMm, s. Performance; the act of completing or accomplishing.—In laic, the carrying into effect a sentence or judgment of court; the in¬ strument, warrant, or official order by which an officer is empowered, to carry a judgment into eiSect.-Execu- tion creditor is one who has a preferential claim for costs incurred, or who holds a judgment.—The act of signing and sealing a legal instrument, or giving it the forms required to render it a valid act; the last act of the law in the punishment of criminals; capital pun¬ ishment; death inflicted according to the foims of iB-Vf.—Military execution is the putting a soldier to death by shooting him.—Something done or accom¬ plished: destruction; slaughter.—In the fine arts, the mode of perfqnruug a work of art, and the dexterity with which it is accomplished.—In music, a teim applicable to every species of musical perfonnance, but more especially used to express a facility of voice or fingers in performing difficult and intricate passages. Executioner, ek-se-kev/-shun-er, s. One who executes; one who cames into effect a judgment of death, or who inflicts a capital punishment in pursuance of a legal warrant; he who kills or murders; the instru¬ ment by which anything is perfonned. Executive, egz-ek'-u-tiv, a. Having the quality of executing or performing ; active ; not legislative. — 8. The person or persons who administer the govern¬ ment, or that power in the state which is employed in putting into execution the laws made by the legis¬ lature, or the decrees of the judicial powers; the executive power or authority in government. Executively, e.gz~ek'-u-tiv~le, ad. In the way of exe¬ cuting or performing. Executor, egz-c.k’-u-tur, s. The person appointed by a testator to execute his will, or to see it carried into effect .—Executor in his own wrong, is one who, with¬ out authority, intermeddles with the goods of a deceased person, and thus subjects himself to the trouble of executorship without the profits or advan¬ tages. Executorial, egz-ek-u-to'-re-al, a. Pertaining to an executor; executive. Executorship, egz-ek'~u-tur-ship, s. The office of an executor. Executory, egz-ekf-u-tur-e, a. ' Performing official duties.—In to be executed or carried into effect in future. Executress, egz~€k'-u-tres,)%. A female executor; a Executrix, egz-ek*-u-triks. ) woman appointed by a testator to e.xecute his wull. 'E^T.vro.h., ek^-e-dra,ov eks-e*-drh,^, A portico or vesti¬ bule; also, a recess of a building.—Among the ancteMf«, a small room for conversation. Exegesis, eks-e-je'-sis, s. Exposition; explanation; the science of interpretation, particularly of the Holy Scripture; ExEGETE,t eks^-e-jete, s. One skilled in exegesis. Exeoetical, a. Pertaining to exegesis; explanatory; tending to unfold or illustrate ; exposi¬ tory. Exegetically, ad. Byway of expla- eation. BxBSTP^Aa, egz-enf-plm', s. A model, original, or pat¬ tern, to be copied or imitated; the idea or image of a thing, formed in the mind of an ailist, by which he conducts his work; the ideal model which he attempts to imitate. Exbmplarily, egz*-em-pld-re-le, ad. In a manner to deserve imitation; in a worthy or excellent manner; in a manner that may warn others, by way of terror, in such a manner that others may be cautioned to avoid an evil. Exbmplariness, egz'-em-pla-re-nes, s. The state or quality of being a pattern for imitation. Exemplarity, egz-em-plar*-e-te, s- A pattern worthy of imitation. Exemplary, egz*-em-plh-re, a. Serving for a pattern or model for imitation; worthy of imitation; such as may serve for a warning to others; such as may deter from crimes or vices; such as may attract notice and imitation; illustrating. — 8. A copy of a book or writing. Exemplieiable, egz-em*-ple-fi-d^ly a. That may be exemplified; that may be illustrated by example. Exemplification, e5rzvewi-pZe-/g-A:a'-sA«n, s. The act of exemplifying; a showing or illustrating by example a copy ; a transcript; an attested copy. Exemplified, egz-em'-ple-fide, pp. Illustrated by ex¬ ample or copy. Exemplifier, egz-em'-ple-fi-er , s. One who exemplifies. Exemplify, egz-em'-ple-fi , v.a. To show or illustrate by example; to copy; to transcribe; to take an attested copy; to prove or show by an attested copy. Exempt, egz - emf , v.a. To free, orpermit to he free, from any charge, burden, restraint, duty, evil, or requisition to which othere are subject; to privilege; to grant immunity from. — a. Free from any seiwice, charge, burden, tax, duty, evil, or requisition to which others are subject; not subject; not liable to; free by privilege ; not included; $ cut off from. — s. One who is exempted or freed from duty; one not subject. Exempted, egz - em '- ted , pp. of the verb to exempt . Exemptible, t a. Free; privileged. Exemption, egz - emp '- shun , s. The act of exempting, the state of being exempt; freedom from any servii^, charge, burden, tax, evil, or requisition to which others are subject; immunity; privilege. Exemptitious,^: egz - emp - tish'-uSj a. Separa>>lfi; that may be taken from Exenterate, egz-en'-ter-ate, v.a. To take out the bowels or entrails; to embowel. Exenteration, egz-en-ter-a'-shun, s. The act of taking out the bowels. Exenterites, eks-en-ter-i'~tes, s. The external or peri¬ toneal intestines. Exequatur, eks-e-kwa'-tur , s. (Lat.) A written recog¬ nition of a person in the character of consul or commercial agent issued by the government, and authorizing him to exercise his powers in the country. Exequial, eks-e'-kwe-al, a. Pertaiiling to funerals. Exequies, eks'-e-kwiz, s.pl. Funeral rites; the cere¬ monies of burial; funeral procession. Exercent,-^ egz-er'-sent, a. Using; practising; follow¬ ing. Exercisable, eks-er-si'-zd-bl, a. That may be exercised. Exercise, eks'-er-size, s. Use; practice; the exertions and^ movements customary in the performance of business; employment; exertion of the body; action; motion, by labour, walking, riding, or other exertion; the habitual use of the limbs; preparatory practice; exertion of the mind ; application of the mental powers; task; that which is appointed for one to perform; act of divine worship; a lesson or example for practice.—In military matters, the practice of all those motions and actions which are essential to the perfection of a soldier. Artillery exercise is the method of teaching the regiments of artillery the use and practice of the vai'ious implements of war used by that body. — In music, a teim applied to any com¬ position calculated to improve the voice or fingers of the young practitioner. — v.a. To move; to exert; to cause to act, in any manner; to use; to exert one’s powers or strength; to ppetise; to perfonn the duties of; to train to use; to discipline; to task , to keep employed; to use efforts; to employ; to keep busy in action, exertion, or em¬ ployment ; to pain or offiict; to give anxiety to; to make uneasy. EIESOISE [ 3G5 ] EXIGEKTEE vn. To use action or exertion. Exerciser, «is'-er-st-zcr, s. One practice; Exercitation, ega-er-se-ta -shun, s. Exercise, p P^^RHOE eax-erg’, s. In numismatics, the place on a wS“hSle3"“hetaror%t^^^^^ inscription. to use with effort; to enforce; to ex^rime’s self, is to use efforts; to stnv^ Exerted, egz-ert’-ed gg. of rerh to ^SJan^the* act of putting into motion or action; "S^gf-harm power to bSr?ment, egz-ert'-ment, s. Exertion; act of exert- ing. EiEf;oN,-r egz-e'-zhun, s. The act of eating out or Ex^s^ufri; egz-es'-tu-ate, T.n. To boll; to be in a state s. ’imperfect fcetation in Ex^eia”! vm-tn mrg.ry and m^eralogg, "off of a — s. That which has the power or quality of piocurmg ExSfLABLE“e 92 -/ia'-*tag off; the act of emptying completely of the coiiteni; the state of being exha,u^ed.-In moWiemniics, a method of proYiig the equahty of two maunitudes by a reductio ad absiirdum. Exhaustive, egz-haws'-tivy a. That exhausts. a. Not to be e^^isted; not to be wholly ii'awn off or emptied; inexhaustible. Exhacstmknt, egz-hawst'-men^'t s. Exhaustion; .dram. Exhausture, The state of being ex- Rxh;ered 4 .te, eaz-her'-e-dategV.S.* To disinherit. Exheredation, egz~her-e-d(f'-shwii s. In the civU laWf a dieinhenting. Exhibit, egz hib'-it, y.a. To offer or present to vlew^ “to present for inspection; to show ; to . t© lYinnifest oublicly ; to present; to admmisier. - s. Any paper produced or presented to a court or t;o auditors referees, or arbitrators, as a proof of fac^; a rCcher’or document produced.-In Chancery,^ deed o?^Uing produced in court, sworn to by a witness. isi?-ES'Si "t “ ““f •« »' gift or recompense, as to serv^ s. j, univer- ’"^fti'™w’hfi™ts?on or allowance" granted for ExuLrai^f E^CT®vmxJrffs-Wi,'-s-to-!s, ad. By representation.. ioRV, u-fa. Exhibiting; showing, eSiSI’, egz-hil'-a-rant, a. Exciting joy, mirth, or pleasure. -8. That which exhilarates. cheerful or gladm^fous; to enUyen, animate. ExHlTfitTUNO, A...». lug the spirits or making cheerM, the state ot oeing _ff?“To deliver exhortation; to use words or argu¬ ments ; to incite to good deeds. —i s. s. The act or practice ®of ertiortingftiie act of tiicitralfi Incitement; the form of words intended to mcite anu a. containing exhor- ExIoRraTOR, egz-hawr'-Jh-tur, s. One w^ exhmta Bxhortaiohv, egz-hawr’-tlt-tur^. ExXfTB, egz-hr^-mate,r.^. T® ®“- llllTZloi ^%zi:Za'-fhun, digging np of a ^de^diody hitfrred;,the disinterrir« of a corpse ; the digging up of anything buried. . sT^Ex^^ccIrB, and its com- eI~, eU'-se-jens, Is. ““ nrgencT“o^ ®presmre’; prefsJ^rnecLsity";’I/y cas^e’whichdemands to w& meTfendaft Tlk to be fiJnnd or alter a retuSi of non est inventus on former wriiS.-fEnd, -‘a^Sn.; resulting en- by stat. 7 Wm. IY-. and 1 Viet. c. 30. exigible EXOTICISM C 366 ] That may be exacted; de- Smallness; slenderness. Small; slender; minute; Exioinm, cJ^-se je bly a. mandable. BxiGUiTY,t eks-e-gu'-e-Uf s. Exiguous, eks-ig-u-us, a. diminutive. Exile, eks'-ile, s Banishment; the state of being ex¬ pelled from one’s country or place of residence; an abandonment of one’s country, or removal to a foreign country^ for residence, called voluntary exile; the per¬ son banished or separated from his country. egz-ile' j v.a. To banish from a country or home; to drive away, expel, or transport from one’s country; to drive from one’s coimtry by misfortune, necessity, or distress.—To exile one's self is to abandon one’s country, never to return. —$ a. Slender, thin, or line. Exiled^ ek'-sile'd, pp. or a. Banished; expelled from one’s couuti’y by authority. Exilement, eg'-zile’tnent, s. Banishment. BxiLiTioN,-t eks-e-lish'-un, s. A sudden springing or leaping out. Exility, eg-ziV-e-te, s. Slendemess; thinness. ExiMious,t eg-ziin'~e-us, a. Excellent. Exinanite4 eg-ziii-a-nite, v.a. To make empty; to weaken. Exinanition, eg-zin-(t~nish'-uny s. An emptying or evacuation; | privation ; loss; destitution. Exintine^ eks-ni-tine, s. A membrane situated between the extme and the intiue in‘the pollen of the yew, juniper, cypress, &c. Exist, eg-zis1f,w.i\. To be; to have an essence or real being; to live; to have life or animation ; to remain; to endure ; to continue in being. Existence, eg-zis'-tens, s. The state of being or having essence; life; animation; continued being; duration; continuation. Existent, eg-zi^-‘tentj a. Being; having being or existence. Existential, $ eg-zis-ten'-shal, a. Having existence. ExisTiMATioNjt eg-zis-te-ma'-shun,&. Opinion; esteem. Existing, eg-zist'-ing, ppr. or a. Having existence, being, or life. Exit, eks'-it, s. The departui’e of a player from the stags; any departure; the act of qtiittmg the stage of action or of life; death; decease ; a way of departure; passage out of a place; a going out; departure. ’ V- to life; tnortal; Exiiious, egz-isJt'-us, ) Exitus, ek^-e-txis, s. In Zaw, the outgoing; the yearly rent or profits of land. Ex-lex, eks'-leks, s. An outlaw. Exo, eks'~o. A Greek preposition of very frequent use in scientific terras, to denote outside of or outward, as £xo-skelcto7if &c. 12xoue, cks'-ode, \ s. In the Greek drama, the Exodium, eks-o'-de-um, j denouement of the piece; but among the Homans it was a kind of farce, which consisted of a recitation of facetious verses by a buf¬ foon, after the tragedy was ended. Exonrs, ek'-so-dus,) s. Departure from a place, and Rxody, ek'-so-de, j particularly applied to the de¬ parture of the Israelites from Egypt under the conduct of Closes, whence the second book of the Old Testa¬ ment was so called- £x-official, eks-of-Jish'-shal, a. Proceeding from office or authority. Ex OFFICIO, cks of-fish/~she-o. (Lat.) By virtue of office, and without special authority. Exogastritis, eks-o-gas~tri'-tis, s. Inflammation of the external membrane of the stomach. Exogen, eks'-o-jen, s. hi botany, a plant whose stem is formed by successive additions to the outside of the wood.— 'Exogence^ or Exogens, are the leading class of the first grand division of the vegetable kingdom, in¬ cluding all those plants the wood of which is annually increased by external layers. The name dicotyledon is also given to this class. Exogenous, eks-(y’-en~us, a. Pertaining to the class Exogence; having the wood augmented by annual ex¬ ternal gi’owth. Exclete,$ eAs-o-Zete', a. AVom; faded; obsolete. Exolution,^: ek-so-lu'-shun, s. Luxation 6f the nerves. ExoLvEjt egz-olv', v.a. To loose. Exomose, eks'~0‘7nose, \ s. A vital or organic action, Exosmosis, eks-os-mc/sis, j by virtue of which minute hollow organs empty themselves of their contained fluids. t Umbilical hernia, & Exomphalos, eks-om'-fa-los, s. navel rapture. Exonerate, egz-on'-er-ate, v.a. To unload; to dis-v burden; to exculpate, acquit, or justify; to cast off, as a charge, or blame resting on one; to clear of some¬ thing that lies upon the character; to cast off, as an obligation. Exonerated, egz-on'-er-a-ted, pp. of the verb to ex¬ onerate. Exoneration, egz-on-er-a'-shun, s. The act of dis¬ burdening or discharging; the act of freeing from a charge. Exonerative, egz-on'-er-d-tiv, a. Preeing from an obligation. Bxonerator, egz~on'-e-ra-tur, s. One who exonerates or releases from responsibility. Exophthalmia, eks-of-thaV-me-d, 1 s. The protrusion of Exophthalmt. oks-of-thaV-77ie, / the eye-ball from the orbit in consequence of disease. Exophyllous, eks-of'-ihlus, a. Naked; not sheathed in another leaf. Exoptable, eks-op'-td-bl, a. Desirable. Exoptation, eks-op-ta'-shun, s. Earnest desire or wish. Exorable, eks'-o-7'd-bl, a. That can he persuaded. Exorate, eks'-o-rate, v.a. To obtain by request. Exorbitance, egz-aid7''-be-ia7is, \ s. The act of going Exorbitancy, cgz-aw^-be-ta/i-se, j out of the track prescribed; a deviation from rale or the ordinary limits of right or propriety; extravagance; enormity. Exorbitant, egz-a7C7''-be-tant, a. Departing from an orbit or usual track ; deviating from the usual course; excessive ; extravagant; enormous ; anomalous ; not comprehended in a settled rule or method. Exorbitantly, egz-aw7''-he-tant-le, ad. Enormously, excessively. Exorbitate. egz-awr'-be-tate, v.n. To go beyond the ii.sual tract or orbit; to deviate from the usual limit. Exorcise, eks'-or-size, v.n. To adjure by some holy name; to expel evil spirits by conjurations, prayers, and ceremonies; to purify from unclean spiilts by adjurations and ceremonies, or deliver from the influence of malignant spirits. Exorcised, eks'-or-size'd, pp. of the verb to exorcise. Exorciser, eks'-or-si-zer, s. One who pretends to cast out evil spirits by adjurations and conjimatious. Exorcism, eks'-or-sizm, s. Tlie expulsion of evil spirits from persons or places by certain adjurations and ceremonies. Exorcist, cks'-or-sist, s. One who pretends to expel evil spirits by conjuration, prayers, and ceremonies. Exordial, egz-awr'-de-cd, a. Pei’taining to the exor¬ dium of a discourse ; inti'oductory. Exordium, egz-aw7''-de-u7n, s.; pi. Exordiums. (Lat.) In orato7'y, the beginning; the introductory part of a discourse; the preface or proemial part of a compo¬ sition. Ornament; decora- Exornation, eks-aicr-7ia'-shu7X, tion; embellishment. Exorrhiz,£, eks-or-7'i’-ze, s.pl. In botaxiy, plants whose radicles elongate downward directly from the base of the embryo. Exorrhizous, eks-or-ri'-zixs, a. Pertaining to the Ex~ 07'7'hizes. Exortive, eks-or'-tiv, a. Rising ; relating to the east. Exosmose. See Exomose. Exossated, egz-os'-sa-ted, a. Deprived of bones. Exosseous, egz-o^-se-us, a. Without bones; destitute of bones. Exostome, pk^-o8-tome,s. The small apertme or fo¬ ramen of the ovule of a plant. Exostosis, eks-os-to'-sis, s. Any protuberance of a bone that is not natural; an osseous tumour.—In botany, o. disease in wliich knots are formed on or in the wood. Exoteric, €ks-o-te7''-ik, la. External; public; Exoterical, eks-o-te7''-e-kal,] opposed to esote7'ic or secret.—’J'he exotei'ic doctrines of the anciexit philo¬ sophers were those which were openly professed and taught. Exotericism, €ks-o-ter'-e-siz7n, s. The doctrine or prin¬ ciples of Exoterics. Exotery, eks'-o-ier-e, s. What is obvious or common. Exotic, eks-ot'-ik, a. Porcign ; introduced from a foreign country; not native; extraneous. — s. A plant, shrub, or tree, which is the product of other countries; a word of foreign origin introduced into a language. Exoticism, egz-ot'-e-sizm, s. The state of being exotic, or of forei^ origin. EXPAND [ 367 ] EXPENSE Expand, eis-pand', v.a. To open; to spread; to eidarge a surface ; to diffuse ; to dUate; to enlarge in bulk.; to distend. ^ ^ ^ a — v.n. To 0 pen; to spread; to dilate; to extend m bulk or surface; to eidlarge. Expanded, pp'. ora. Opened; spread; ex¬ tended; dilated; enlarged; diffused. _ Expanding, elYTrr«ivt»fTov-i+ . . i ui_a _ . ZZ ’ 6 ^'"=^ CAUCUSy , 1 X 66 Ul tUG TISG 01 nioney; extravagant; lavish; +Uheral; generous. ^at^eaTcMt'**^*’’ expense; f^‘-pm'-Hv-nes, B. Costliness; the qua- requiring great expenditures of money; addictedness to expense; extrayagance. yaufg“X/*sleer‘'’"'’''^“*''‘^“'‘’ ExrEBiENCE, eka-pe'-re-ens, s. Trial, or a series of trials or experimente ; active effort or attempt to do or to ^ trials, or the result of such trials, a, single trial being usually denominated ^ or of the same E facto or events happening under like circumstances; o enjoyment; suffering Itself; e use of the senses ; knowledge derived from trials, use, praefree, or from a series of observations. H suffeiing, or by enjoyment; to P^otice or trial; to gain knowledge or skill by practice or by a series of observations. a. Taught by practice or observation,s ; skilful or wise by means of trials, use, or observation. r other animal a t agent or alimentary substance, in order to determine.its properties or operation. make trial ; to make an experiment; to operate on a body in such a manner as to discover to try; to search by trial. ^ .r , — Y.a. To try; to know by trial. Experimextal, eks-per-e~men'-tal, a, Pertainine to ex¬ periment ; known by experiment or trial; derived experiments; founded on obseiwations, or on a series of results, the rien^P ^P^^'^tions ; taught by or derived from expe- P^^^osophy consists of those branches of science, such as chemistry, hydrostatics pneumatics, &c., the deductions in whi^ch SSideci as contrasted with the moral, mathe¬ matical, ana speculative branches of knowledge. Ej^brimentalist, eks-per-e-meti'-tal-ist. s. One who makes experiments. Experimentally, c7cs-per-«-wen'-toZ-?e, ad. Bv exneri- Sti oP^atiou and ohsenLIX of results, by experience; by suffering or eniovment a. ^xperi- Experimenter, eka-per^-e-men-ter, s. One who makes experiments ; one s'killed in experiments eSerimems’’ «• One who make. (L “• That may expire or come Expirant, cis-pl'-rant, 6. One expiring. ^out'^o^ The act of breathing riJn of .’'"’“S® ’ the last emls- finm w’ emission of volatile matter evaporation; exhalation; matter pbSnn^’/ eessation; close; end; con- elusion, termination of a hmited time. a. Pertaining to Hie expiration of brcatli from the lungs. teS ® ““t; to throw out the “esT?\o conclude! end' to hreath; to die"; to perish; to be t® destroyed; to come to nothing! to fAvno thrown out with P®^®^>'g to or Expiscation,^ eks-pts-ka'-shun, s. A fishing out. intellXihiPmanifest, or mteiljgible, to clear of obscurity; to illustrate bv dis- ■orclear°up'’’'““*®®’ ^ e^Pe™'l> interpret, eluciWe, — v.n. To give explanations. JIXPLAINABLE, eks-pla'-uA-bl, a. That mav be cleared of standfnt^-’cS^hv® plai/to the under- Standing, capable of being interpreted. pp. of the verb to explain. EiPL,uNER, eks-pla-ner, s. One who explains • an f»x pOSltor; a COmmentntnr • nr. ir.f/xv.»xv.v,+«J ’ -y —" a. WXIK gates or ex- Expurgatory, eks- 2 )ur'-ga-tur-e, ) punges; cleans- mg;^ purifying; serving to purify from anyth»ing or erroneous.— Expurgatory Index is the name of a book issued by the Church of Rome, containing a catalogue of tnose hooks which are placed uuusr tho ban of tlie Church, and foi’bidden to be read. Expurge, 4: eks-purj', v.a. To purge aw'ay. Exquire, eks-kwire', v.a. To search into or out. Exquisite, eks'-kwe-zit, a. Sought out with care choice; select; delicate nice, or refined; high«v finished or perfected ; very excellent or Complete‘S capable of great delicacy of perception, or nicety of discrimination ; existing in the highest degree ; very seusioiy leit. — s. One dressed with extreme care ; a fop. Exquisitely, ek^-kwe-zit-le, ad. Nicely; accurately, with great perfection ; with keen sensation or wdth nice perception. Exquisiteness, eks'-kxve-zit-nes, p. Nicety ; exactness accumey ; completeness ; perfection ; keenness , shai-pness ; extremity. ’ Exquisitive, eks-kwiz'-e-tiv , a. Curious ; eager to discover. , ad. Curiously ; mi- ^ state of blood- Exsanguious, ek-sang’-gwe-us, a. Destitute of blood. Exscind, ek-sind', 'v.r. To cut off. Exscribe, J ek-skrihe', v.a. To copy; to transcribe. Exscript, :j: ek-skripf, s. A copy; a transcript. Exscriptural, ek-skrip'-tchu-ral, a. Not according to the sacred records; not found in the Scriptures. Exsect, ek-sekf, v.a. To cut away; to cut out. Exsei tion, ek-sek'-shun, s. A cutting off Exseut, i a. Standing out; projecting Exserted, ek-seY-ted, / beyond something else. Exsertile, ek-ser'-tile, a. That may be thrust out. Exsiccant, ek-sik'-kant, a. Drying ; evaporating moisture ; haying the quality of diying. Exsiccate, ek-sik'^ate, v.a. To dry; to exhaust oi evaporate moisture. Exsk gated, ek-s'J: -ka-ted, pp. or a. Dried up. Exsiccating, ek-sik'-ka-ting, ppr. or a. Drying *1 eva porating moisture, - e >i Exsiccation, ek-sik-ka'-shun, s. The act or operation 01 drying; evaporation of moisture; dryness. Exsiccative, ek-sik'-k(i-tiv, a. Tending to' make dry. ExsPurnoN, ek-spu-ish'-un, s. A disciiarge of saliva bv spitting. • ^ Exstipulate, ek-stip -u-late, a. In botany, having no stipules. ® Exsuccous, ek-suk'-kus, a. Destitute of juice ; dry. Exsu(*^rioN, ek-suk'-shim, s. The act of sucking out. Exsulation, eks-u-da'-shun, s. A sweating; a disciiarge of moisture from animal bodies, plants, &c. See Exudation, Exude, &c. Exsufflation, ek-suf-fia'-shim, s. A blow’ing or bhist from beneath; a kind of exorcism. Ex8UFFLiCATE,-t ck-suf -fie-kotc, a. Extravagant ; ex aggerated. ExsuFr0LATE,t ek-suf'-fo-latc, a. Contemptible. Exsurgent, ek-sur'-jent, a. Growing upw'ard.s. Exsuscitate, ek-siY-septate, v.a. To rouse ; to excite. ExsuscitationjJ ek-sus-se-ta'-shun, s. A. stinlng up ; a rousing. ° ^ Extance,$ ek^-tans, s. Outw'^ard existence Extancy,-}- eks'-tan-se, s. The state of rising above others; parts rising abov*i the rest. Extant, ek^-tant, a. Standing out or above any surface; protruded; in being; now subsisting; not suppressed, destroyed, or lost, as books or wntiugs. Extasy, Extatic. See Ecstasy, Ecstatic. Extemporal, t eks-tem'-po-ral, a. Made or uttered without premeditation. See Extemporaneous and Extemporary. Extemporallt, ehs-tem'-po-ral-le, ad. 'Without pre¬ meditation. Extemporaneous, eks-tem- 2 yo-ra'-ne-us, a. Composed, performed, or uttered at the time the subject occurs* without previous study; unpremeditated.' Extemporaneously, eks-tem-po-ra'-ne-us-le, ad. With¬ out previous study. Extemporaneousness, eks-tem-po-ra'-ne-us-nes, s. Tlie quality of being unpremeditated. •Extemporarily, eks-tem'-po-rar-e-le, ad. Without previous study. Extemporary, eks-tem'-po-ra-re, a. Composed, per¬ formed, or uttered without pre'^^ous study or prepara¬ tion. Extempore, eA:s-Zem'-po-re, ad. ^at.) Without previoua study or meditation; without preparation; suddenly. EXTEMPOEIUESS [ 371 ] EXTOL —tn mii&ic, a term applied to a performance consisting of the unpremeditated effusions of fancy, and used both adjectively and adverbially. Extemporiness, eks-tem'-po-re-nes, 8. The state of being unpremeditated, or of being composed, performed, or uttered without previous study. Extemporize, eks-tem'-po-rizef v.n. To speak extem¬ pore, or without previous study or preparation; to discourse without notes or written composition. Extemporizer, eks~tem'-po-ri-zer, s. One who speaks without previous study, or without written composi¬ tion. Extemporizino, eks-tem'~po-ri~ziitg, ppr. or a. Speak¬ ing without previous study. Extexd, eks-tend', v.a. To stretch forth; to enlarge, expand, or diffuse ; to carry forward, or continue in length; to spread in breadth; to expand or dUate in size; to reach out; to spread forth on every side; to continue; to prolong; to communicate; to bestow on; to use or exercise toward; to impart; to yield or give. —In law, to value lands taken by a writ of extent in satisfaction of a debt; or to levy on lands, as an exe¬ cution. — v.n. To stretch; to reach; to be continued in length or breadth. Extended, eks-tend'-ed, pp. or a. Stretched out, spread, or expanded. Extendedly, eks~teiid'-ed~le, ad. In an extended manner. Extender, eks-tend'-er, s. He or that which extends or stretches. Extendible, ehs-tend'-e-hlf a. Capable of being ex¬ tended. ExTENDLESSNESg,^ eks-teud'-les-ues, s. Unlimited ex¬ tension. Extensibilit'x , eks-te7i-se-hiV-e~te, s. The capacity of being extended, or of suffering extension. Extensible, eks-ten'-se-U, a. *That may be extended ; susceptible of enlargement. Extensibleness, eks-ten'-se-hl-nes, s. Extensibility Extensile, eks-ten'-sile, a. Capable of being extended. Extension, eks-ten'-shun, s. The act of extending; a stretching; the state of being extended; enlargement in breadth, or continuation of length.—In physics, that property of a body by which it occupies a portion of space in one of its three dimensions—length, breadth, or thickness.—In viercantile language, a written en¬ gagement on the part of creditors, allowing a debtor further time for tiie payment of his debts.—In phy¬ siology and surgery , the operation of straightening a limb or organ previously bent or dislocated. Extensionxl, eks-ten'-shun-al, a. Havmg great ex¬ tent. • Extensive, eks-ten'-siv, a. Wide; large; comprehen¬ sive ; having great enlargement or extent; $ that may be extended. Extensively, eks-ten'-siv-le, ad. Widely; to a great extent. Extensiveness, eks~ten'-siv-7ies, s. Wideness, large¬ ness; extent; diffusiveness; capacity of being ex¬ tended. Extensor, eks-ten'-sur, 8. (Lat.) In anato^ny, a muscle which serves to extend or straighten any part of the be dy. Extent, eks-tenV, s. Space or degree to which a thing is extended; compass; bulk; size; length; communi¬ cation j distribution.—In music, the full compass of the voice or instrument.—In law, a writ of execution against the body, lands, and goods, or the lauds only, of a debtor.- -Extent in aid is a writ sued out against a debtor of the Crown. Extenuate, eks-ten'-u-ate, v.a. To make thin, lean, or slender; to lessen; to diminish; to palliate. — v.n. To become thinner, or more rare and subtle. a. Thin; slender. Extenuated, eks-ten'-u-a-ted, pp. of the verb to ex¬ tenuate. Extenuating, eks-ten'-u-a-ting, pj)r. or a. Making thin or slender; lessening; diminislung ; palliating. Extenuation, eks-ten-u-a'-shu7i, s. The act of making thin; the process of growing thin or lean; the act re¬ presenting anything less wrong, faulty, or criminal than it is in fact; palliation; mitigation; alleviation. B-ttenuator, eks-ten'-u-a-tur, s. One who extenuates. Extenuatory, eks-ten’-u-a-tu7'-e, a. Palliative. Exterior, eAs-ifi'-re-w, a. (Lat.) External; outward, on the outside • extrinsic • foreign ; relating to foreign Exterior, s. The outward surface; that which is eiE« ternal; outward or visible deportment; appeai'auce. Exteriority ,-t- eks-tc-re-or'-e-te, s. Outwai-dncss; su- perlicies. Exteriorly, eks-te'-re-ur-le, ad. Outwardly; exter¬ nally. Exteriors, eks-te'-re-urs, s.pl. The outward parts of a thing; outward or external deportment, or forms and ceremonies; visible acts. Exterminate, eks-ter'-min-ate, v.a. To destroy utterly to drive away; to extirpate; to eradicate; to root out. Exterminated, eks-ter'-min-a-ted, pp. or a. Utterly driven away or destroyed; eradicated. Extermination, eks -ter min-a'-shim, s. The act of ex¬ terminating ; total expulsion or destruction; eradica - tion; extirpation; excision. Exterminator, eks-tei''~min~a-tur,s,. He or that which exterminates. Exterminatory, eks-tei’^-ynin-d-tur-e, a. Serving to exterminate. Extermine,J eks-ter'-min, v.a. To exterminate. Extern, eks-tern', a. External; not inherent. — s. Outer part; exterior form ; a pupil in a seminary who lives without its walls. » External, eks-ter'-nal, a. Outward; exterior; notin- ti’insic; not being within, as causes or effects; visible, apparent conduct; foreign; relating to or connected with foreign nations. Externality, eks-ter-naV-e-te, s. External perception. Externally, eks-ter'-nal-le, ad. Outwardly; on the outside; in appearance; visibly. Externals, eks-ie7''~nals, s.pl. The outward parts; ex¬ terior form; outward rites and ceremonies; visible forms. Exterraneous, eks-ter-ra'-ne-us, a. Foreign; coming from abroad. Extersion, eks-ter'-shun, s. The act of wiping or rub¬ bing out. Extil, eks-til', v.n. To drop or distil from. Extillation, eks-til-la'-shun, s. The act of falling in drops. Extilled, eks-tild', pp. Distilled; falling by drops. Extimulate.J eks-tim'-u-late. See Stimulate. Extinct, eks-tinht', a. Extinguished; put out quenched; being at an end; having no survivoi' having ceased; having no force. —$ v.a. To make extinct; to destroy. Extinction eks-tink'-shun, s. The act of putting out or destroying light or fire; the state of being extin¬ guished, quenched, or suffocated; destruction; ex¬ cision ; suppression ; a putting an end to. Extxne, eks'-tin, s. In ootany, the outer coat of the pollen grain. Extinguish, eks-tin'-gwish, v.a. To put out; to quench, to suffocate; to destroy; to put an end to; to clone or obscure by superior splendour. — v.n. To go out; to die away Extinguishable, eks-tin'-gwish-ct-hl, a. That may be quenched, destroyed, or suppressed. Extinguished, eks-tin'-gwisht, pp. or a. Put out, quenched ; stifled; suppressed. Extinguisher, eks-tin'-givish-er, s. He or that which extinguishes; a hollow, conical utensil to be put on a candle or lamp to extin^sh it. Extinguishment, eks-tin-gwish-ment, s. The act of putting out or quenching; suppression; destruction; abolition; nullification ; extinction; a putting an end to; termination.—In law, a term applied to commons, estates. Liberties, «fec., denoting the extinction or an¬ nihilation of an existing right by means of its being merged or consolidated with another. ExTiRP,t eks-terp', v.a. To extirpate. Extirpable. eks-ter'-pd-bl, a. That may be eradicated, or extirpated. Extirpate, eks-ter*-pate, v.a. To pull or pluck up by the roots; to root out; to eradicate; to destroy totally^ as plants.—In surgery, to cut out, or remove com¬ pletely. Extirpated, eks-ter'-pa-ted, pp. or a. Plucked up by the roots; rooted out. Extirpation, eks-ter-pa'-shun, s. The act of rooting out; eradication; excision. Extirpator, 1 8. One who roots out; a Extirper, eks-ter'-per, | destroyer. ExTisPiciousrt eks-te-spish'-us, a. Augurial; relating to the inspection of entrails in order to prognostication. Extol, eks-toV, v.a. To raise in words or eulogy; tP EXTOLLED C 372 ] EXTEAVAOATIOIjf exalt in commendation; to praise, applaud, or com mend. Extolled^ eks-told' pp. of the yerh to extol. Extollek, eks-toV-ler^'i. One who praises or magnifies; a praiser or magnifier. Extorsive, eks-tawr'-siv, a. Serving to extort; tending to draw from hy compulsion. Extousively, eks-tawr'-siv-le, ad. In an extorsive mamier. Extort, eka-tatort' v.a. To draw from by force or com¬ pulsion ; to wrest or wring from; to gain by violence or oppression ; to exacL — v.n. To practise extortion. Extorted, eks-tawr'-ted, pp. or a. Drawn from by com¬ pulsion. Extorter, eks-taicr^-ter, s. One who extorts. Extortion, eks-tawr'-animy s. The act of extorting; rapacity, exaction, or oppression; the practice of wresting anything from a person by force, or any undue exercise of power; illegal exaction, or com- ,puision. Extortionary, ek8-iawr'-aliun-&-re, a. Pertaining to, or implying extortion. Extortionate, ehi ttiwr^-8hun-ate,\dL. Oppressive;con- Extortionoos, eks-tawr'-shxm-usy j taining extortion. Extortioner, eks-tawr'-shun-er, s. One who practises extortion. Extortious, eka-tawr^-shua, a. Oppressive; violent; unjust. Extra, eki-trb.. A Latin preposition, of very general use as a prefix to numerous words, denoting beyond or in exceaa; sometimes used as an adjective to signify payment beyond what is agreed upon or what is usual, as extra work, extra pay, extra costs, &c. Extract, eka-trakf, v.a. To draw from or out of by any means or operation, as distillation, solution, &c.; to take out or select a part from, as to take a passage from a book or writing.—In arithmetic and algehra^^ extract the root of a number or quantity is to find its root. Extract, eksf-traht, s. That which is drawn from something; a passage from a book or writing.—In pharmacy,^ anjahing drawn from a substance, as essences, tinctures, &c., of which numerous varieties are to be found in medical books.—In chemistry, a peculiar substance supposed to form the active prin¬ ciple of the vegetable in which it occurs; called, also, the extractive principle.—X Extraction ; descent. Extracted, eks-trak'-ted, pp. or a. Drawn or taken out. Extractible, eks~trak'~te~bl,di,. That may be extracted or drawn out. Extractiform, eks-trak'-te-fawrm, a. In chemistry, having the appearance of an extract. Extraction, eks-trak'-shun, s. The act of drawing out: descent; lineage; bfrth; derivation of persons from a stock or family.—In pharmacy, the operation of draw¬ ing essences, tinctures, &c., from a substance.—In arxthmetic and algebra, the extraction of roots is the operation of finding the root of a given number or quantity; evolution. Extractive, elis~trak*~tiv, a. That is or may be ex¬ tracted. — 8. The same as extract. Extractor, eks-trak'-tnr, s. He or that which extracts. —In midwifery, a forceps or instrument for extracting children in difflcult cases of parturition. Extradictionary ,i eks-trd-dijc.’-shun-d-re, a. Consist¬ ing not in words but in realities. Extradition, eks-trd-d'i$h'-un, s. Delivery, on the part of one government to another, of those who havered from justice. Extrados, eks-tra'-dos, s. The exterior curve of an arch. Extra-poliaceous, eks-tr&-fol~e-af~she-us, a. In botany away from the leaves, or inserted in a different place from them. Extraqeneous, eka-tr&fe'-ne-us, a. Belonging to an¬ other kind. Extra -judicial, eka-trhfu-dish'-al, a. Out of the proper or ordinary course of legal procedure; beyond the strict duty of a judge. Extra-JUDICIALLY, ad. In a manner out of tlie ordinary course of legal proceedings. Extra-limitary, eks-trii-lim'-it^-re, a. Being beyond* the limit or bounds. Extra-mission, eks-trii-misl^-wi, s. A sending out; emission. Extra-mundakx, eks-trh-mutf-dane, a. Beyond the limit of the material world. Extra-mural, eks-trd-mu^-ral, a. Out of or beyond the walls or boundaries of a city. Extraneous, eks-tra'-ne us, a. Foreign; not belonging toatmng; existing without; notintrinsic—In an epithet applied to those sharps and flats, and those chords and modulations, which digress into abstmse evolutions of melody and harmony. Extranbously, eks~tra'-ne~ua-le, ad. In an extraneous manner. Extra-ocular, eks'-trd-ok'-u-lar, a. Applied to the antennae when they are inserted on the outsides oi the eyes. eks-trd-of-Jish'~al, a. Not within the limits of oflBcial duty. Extraordinaribs, eks-tratvr'-de-ndi-res, s.pl. Things which exceed the usual order, kind, or method.—In the army, the allowances to troops beyond the gross pay in the pay-offlce. “ Extraordinarily, eks-trawif-din-&-re-le, ad. In a manner out of the ordinary or usual method; beyond the common course, limits, or order, in an uncommon degree; remarkably; particularly; eminently. Ext-raordinarinbss, eks-trawr'-de-nd-re-nes, s. Un¬ commonness ; reniarkableness. Extraordinary, eks-traw)"'-de~n&-re, a. Beyond or out of the common order or method; not in the usual, customary, or regular coui’se; not ordinary; exceed¬ ing the common degree or measui-e; remarkable; un¬ common; eminent; rare; wonderful; special; par¬ ticular ; sent for a special purpose or on a particular occasion. . -f^ything which exceeds ordinary method or com¬ putation. — ad. Extraordinarily. Extra-parochial, eks-trd-pa-ro'-ke-al, a. Not within the limits of any parish. Extra-physical, eks-tr»-fiz'-e-kal, a. Metaphysical. Extra-professional, eks-trd-pro-fesh’-un-al, a. Foreign to a profession; not within the ordinary limits of professional duty. Extra-provincial, eks-trd~pro-vin'-shal, a. Not witliin the same province. Extra-regular, eks-trd-ref-u-lar, a. Noi compre¬ hended within a rule or rules. Extra-territorial, eks-trd-ter-re-to'-re-al, a. Bein» beyond or without the limits of a territory or pai* ticular jurisdiction. Extra-tropical, eks-trd-trop^-e-kal, a. Beyond the tropics; without the tropics, north or south. Extra-uterine, eks-trd-u-ter-in, a. In midwifery, an epithet applied to those cases of pregnancy in which the foetus is contained in some organ exterior to the uteiTis. Extravagance, eks-traxf-d-gana, Is. A wandering Extravagancy, eka-traif -d-gan-se, j beyond a limits- wildness ; in*egularity, excess, prodigality, profusion or waste.; a going beyond the Umits of strict truth, or probability; excess of affection, passion, or apuetite- excess in expenditure of property ; the expending of money without necessity, or beyond what is reason¬ able or proper. Extravagant, eks-trav'-d~gant, a. Wandering beyond limits; excessive; exceeding due bounds ; unreason¬ able; irregular; wild; not within ordinary limits of tiTith or probability; exceeding necessifiy or pro¬ priety ; wasteful; prodigal; lavish; profuse in ex¬ penses. — 8. One who is confined to no general rule. Extravagantly, eks-trarf-d-gant-le, ad. In an extra¬ vagant maimer; wildly; not within the limits of truth or probability; unreasonably; excessively ; in a manner to use property without 'necessity or pro¬ priety, or to no good purpose; expensively, or pro¬ fusely to an unjustifiable degree. Extravaqantness, eka-trax^~d-ganUnea, s. Excess ■ ex¬ travagance. ’ Extravagants, eka~traxf~d-ganta, s.pl. in i'Hiurch hiatory, certain decretal epistles or constitutkins of the popes. Extravaganza, eka-traif-d-gan-zd, s. (Ital.) A musical composition designed to produce effect bv its wild irregularity. eks-traxf-d-gate, v.n. To wander beyond Extravagation, eks-trav-d-gaf-ahun, g. Excess : & wandermg beyond limits. EXTRAVASATE To let oot of the Forced or Ex.TRAVA»fvTs, v.a. proper vessels, as -blood Extravasated, elcs-tra%f-&-9ct-tedy pp« or a. let out of its proper vessels. ^ Extravasation, ^s-traiy-&‘Sa'-9hun. 8. In the act of forcing or letting out of its proper J^ssels or ducts; the state of being forced or let out oi its containing vessels; effusion. * +u« ExtravenatBjJ eks-trav'-e-nate, a. Let out of the Extbatbrsion,+ eks-trh-ver^-shun, s. The act of trow¬ ing out; the state of being turned or thrown out. Extreat, t efzs-treet'i s. Extraction. Extreme, eks-treem', a. Outermost; utmost; fi^hest} at the utmost point, edge, or border; greatest; most violent; last; oeyond wliich there is none; worst or best that can exist or be supposed ; most pressmg, as want or necessity.— Extreme unction, among the Eoman Catholics, is the anointing of a sick person with oil, when affected with some mortal disease, and usually just before death. 8. The utmost point or verge of a thing ; that pan which terminates a body ; extremity, end, or termi¬ nation; utmost point; furthest degree.— lu logic, the extreme terms of a syllogism are the predicate and subject of the conclusion. — In mathematics, the extremes are the first and last terms of a propor- :a;aving no extremes, ; to cion. Extremeless, eks-treem!-les, a. or extremities; infinite. _ Extremely , eks-treem'-le, ad. In the utmost degree the utmost point; very much; greatl}^ ^ Extremist, eks-tre'-mist, s. A supponer of extreme doctrines. ^ ^ Extremity, eks-trem'-e-te, s. The utmost point, side, or border; the extreme verge or termination ot anything ; a term applied to the utmost parts ; the highest or furthest degree; extreme or utmost dis¬ tress, straits, or difficulties; the utmost rigour or violence; the most aggravated state. . . » , Extricable, eks'-tre~ka^lj a. That can be extvmated. Bxtiiicatb, eks'-tre-kate, v.a. To free from difficulties or perplexities; to disengage, disembarrass, or set free , to send out; to cause to be emitted or evolved. Extricated, eks-tre-ka'-ted, pp. of the verh to extri¬ cate. A. j. Extrication, eks-tre-ka'-shun, s. The act of disen¬ tangling ; a freeing from perplexities , the act ol sending out or evolving. Extrinsic, eks-trin'-sik, ) a. External; outward; Extrinsical, j not contained m or belonging to a body ; extraneous; foreign. Extrinsicallt, eks-trm'-se-kal-le,a.d. From without; externally. Extrinsic ALNESS,-i eks-trin'-se-kal-nes, being extrinsical. ^ . Extrorsal, eks-tror'-sal, a. In^ botany, a term ^pheu The state of to anything which is turned from the axis to which it appertains. . . ^ . Extrdct,± v.a. To build; to construct. Extructivb, eks-truk'-til), a. Forming into a structure. eks-truk'-tur, A builder; a contriver or fabricator- . , a. a. x- .. Extrude, eks-trude', v.a. To thrust out; to urge, fOTCe, or press out; to expel; to drive away; to drive off. Extruded, eks-triif-ded, pp. of the verb to extrude. Extrusion, eks-tru'-zhun, s. The act of thrusting or throwing out; a driving out; expulsion. _ Extuberance, eks-tu'-ber-ans, ) s. In medicine, a Extuberanct, eks-tu'-ber-an-se,} swelling or rising of the flesh; a protuberant part; a knob or swelLmg part of a body. * Extttbeb atjt, -ber-ant, a. Swelled; standing out. Ext'uberate,^ eks-tu'-her-ate, v.n. To swell. ^ _ ExTUMBSCBNCB,+ eA:s-iw-wfi5'-sen5,8. Asivellingor rising. Exuberance, egz-u'-ber-ans, ) s. Superabundance, Exuberancy, egz-u'-her-aii-se, j excess, or redun¬ dance ; an overflowing quantity ; richness, as of ima¬ gination ; luxuriance; overgrovrth ; superfluity of shoots in plants. , a. i a. Exuberant, egz-uf-her-ant, a. Abundant; plenteous; plentiful; rich; over-abundant; superfluous; luxu¬ riant; pouring forth abundance; producing in plenty. Exuberantly, egz-u'-ber-ant-le, ad. Abundantly ; very copiously ; in great plenty , to a s^erfluous degree. Exuberate, egz-u'-ber-ate, v.n. To abound; to be in great abuTidi'nce. 3BXUGCOU8 ck-avk'-kus a, ‘Without juice. See Exsuccous. ExtrUk^TieN, 9. A sweating; a dischai^e of humours or moisture from animal bodies; the discharge of the juices of a plant, moisture from the earth, &c. Exude, eg%-ud^, v.a. To discharge the moisture or juices of a living body througli the pores, or the liquid matter of a plant by incisions, v.n. To flow from a living body through the pores, or by a natural discharge. Exuded, egz-u'-ded, pp. of the verb to extide. E-xuLCBRATB, tgz-uV-str-ate, v.a. To cause an ulcer; to afflict; to corrode , to fret or anger. — v.n. To become an ulcer, or ulcerous — a. Wounded ; vexed ; enraged Exulceratrd, egz-ul'-&er-a-ted, pp. of the verb to exul- cerate. ^ . Exulceration, egz-ul-ser-a'-shun, s. The act of causing ulcers on a body, or the process of becoming ulc^ous; erosion which wears away the substance^ and forms an ulcer ; a fretting ; exacerbation ; cop’osion. Exulcbrative, egz-w-ser-d-tiv, a. Tending to ulcerate, rendering ulcerous. . a. j Exu LCERATORY, egz-uV-ser-{i-tur-e,Qi.. Having a tendency to form ulcers. , ^ Exult, egz-ulf, v.n. To rejoice in triumph ; to rejoice exceedingly at success or victory; to bo ~tad above measure ; to triumph. Exultancb,4: egz-ul'-tans, jg Exultation. Exultancy, egz-ul-tan-se,) ... . i. Exultant, egz-ul'-tant, a. Rejoicing triumphantly. Exultation, egz-ul-ta'-shun, s. The act of exulting lively joy at success or victory, or at any advantage gained ; great gladness; rapturous delight; triumph; transport. . a., ^ . Exulting, egz-ulf -xng, ppr. or a. Rejoicing greatly or in triumph. Exultingly, egz-ult’-ing-le.Qi^. In an exulting manner . Exumbilication eks-um-oil-e-kct'-shuny s. Umbilical hernia ; a staining out of the navel. ExuNDATE,t egz-un'-date, v.n. To overflow. ExuNDATioN,-t egz-un-da'-shun, s. An overflowing abundance. ^ _ Exungulatb, egz^uug’•gu-late, V &. To pare off super¬ fluous parts, or nails. Exupkrable, eks-u'-per-d-bl, a. That may be overcome or surpassed. Exupbrancb, eks-u’-per-ans, s. Overbalance. Exuperant, eks-u'-per-ant, a. Overcoming. Exupbrate,± eks-u'-per-ate, v.a. To excel; to surmount. Exu PERATioN, eks-u-per-a'-shun, s. The act of excelling. Exurgent,± eks-ur'-jent, a. Arising. ExusciTATE,t eks-us'-se-tate, v.a. To stir up ; to rouse. Exust,± egz-usf, v.a. To bum. Exustion, egz-usf-yun, s. The act or operation oi burning up. , , ,.^ . , Exutoby, eKf-u-tur-e, s. In pathology, an artificiaJ ulceration of the skin, intended to bring some internal morbid action to the surface. Exuviability, egz-u-ve-A-bil'-e-te, 8_. The power which some animals possess of changing the integument without altering the form. , a, ^ • Exuviablb, egz-u'-ve-&-bl, a. Capable of being cast or thrown off in the form of exuviae. Exuvi-ffi, eks-u'-ve-e, s.pl. (Lat.) Cast skins, shells, or coverings of animals—In geology, the fossil shells and other remains which animals have left in the strata oi Exuviation, eg%-u-ve-a'-shun, 8. The casting or throw¬ ing off the skins of certain animals; the process by which the Crustaceae throw off their old shells. Eyas, i'-as, s. A young hawk just taken from the nest, not able to prey for itself. —± a. Unfledged. « ^ i.. Etas-musket, i'-as-muf-ket, s. A young unfledgedmale hawk, of the musket kind, or sparrow hawk. EYB,t,8. The organ of sight or vision; the globe or ball moveable in the orbit, chiefly consisting of the cornea, the sclerotica, and the retina, the external parts oeing the eye-brows, the eye-lids, and the eye¬ lashes-. sight; view; ocular knowledge; look; coun¬ tenance; front; face; direct opposition; aspect; re¬ gard ; respect; view; notice; observation; vigilance, watch; view of the mind; opinion formed by obser¬ vation or contemplation; something resembling the eye in form; a smaU hole or aperture , aperforatipn a smaU catch for a hook; a loop or nng for fastening the rigging of ships; the Wd of a pl^t; a shoot power of perception; oversight; inspection. The EYE FACE [ 874 ] — • eyffs of a ship are the parts which lie near the hawse- holes, particularly in the lower apartments.—To set the eyes on is to see, to haye a sight of.—To find favour in the eyes, is to be gi’aciously received and treated.—In architecture, eye is a general term, sig¬ nifying the centre of a part; as the eye of a dome is the horizontal aperture on its summit, usually covered with a lantern; the eye of a pediment, a circular window in its centre; the eye of a volute, the circle at the centre, from the circumference of which the spiral line commences.—The word eye forms a variety of compounds, the principal of which are here enume¬ rated in alphabetical order. Eye-attractmg, attract¬ ing the eyes ; Eye-ball, the globe or apple of the eye; Eye beam, 9. glance of the eye; bandages for a horse’s eyes, when being sLugedor bled; Eye- brightening, a clearing of the sight; Eye-brow, the hairy arch above the eye ; Eye-drop, a tear; Eye-flap, a blinder on a horse’s bridle; Eye-glance, a glance of the eye, a rapid look; Eye-glutting, a feasting of the eyes; Eye-lush, the line of hair that edges the eye-Ud; Eye-lid, the moveable cover of the eye-ball, or apple of the eye; Eye-offending, that hurts the eyes; Eye-pleasing, pleasing the eye; Eye-salve, ointment for the eye ; Eye-spotted, marked with spots like eves ; Eye-string, the tendon by which the eye is moved; Eye-tooth, a tooth under the eye, a pointed tooth in the upper jaw next to the grinders, called also a canine tooth, a fang; Eye-water, a medicated water for the eyes; Eye-wink, a wink or motion of the eye¬ lid ; Eye-witness, one who sees a thing done, or who has ocular view of anything. Eye, v.a. To fix the eye on; to look on; to view; to observe; particularly, to observe or watch narrowly, v.n. To appear; to have an appearance. Eye-bolt, i'-bowlt,s. In nautical affairs, a bar of iron or bolt, with an eye at one end, formed to be driven into the deck or sides of a ship, the eye being left out, to book tackles or fasten ropes to. Eye-bright, i'-fiWiJe, 8. A beautiful little plant of the genus Euphrasia, formerly much used as a remedy for diseases of the eye. Eyed, ide, pp. Viewed; observed; watched. — a. Having eyes. Pi-equently used in composition, as black-eyed, grey-eyed, one-eyed, &c. Eye-glass, 8 A glass to assist the sight; spec¬ tacles. Eyeless, i'-les, a. Wanting eyes; destitute of sight; in a state of blindness. Eyelet, Is. A small hole or perfora- Eyelet-hole, t'-ht-hole, j tion, to receive a lace or small rope of cord. Eyeliad, I'-le-ad, s A glance of the eye. Eyen.J i'-en^ or Eyne,± eine,s.pl. of Eyes. Eye-piece, i'-pees,s. In a telescope, the lens or combi¬ nation of lenses with which the image is viewed and magnified. Eyer, i'-er, s. One who eyes another. Eye-servant, i-ser'-vant, s. A servant who attends to his duty only when watched. Eye-service, x-ser'-vis, s. Seiwice performed only under inspection or the eye of an employer. Eyes front, ize'-frvnt , 8. A military word of command given after dressing in line, signifying that the sol¬ diers are to look directly forward.—jEyes right and eyes left denote the dank on which the soldier is to dress. Eyeshot, i'-shot, s. Sight; view; glance of the eye. Eyesight, t'-site, s, ’Ihe sight of the eye; view; ob¬ servation; the sense, of seeing. Eyesore, i'-sore, s. Something offensive to the eve or sight. Eye-splice, i'-spUse, s. In seaxyieti's language, a sort of eye or circle, formed by splicing the end of a rope into itself. Eye-stone, A small calcareous stone, used for taking substances from between the lid and ball of the eye. Eying, i’-ing, ppr. Viewing; watching; observing. Eyleteer, i'-let-eer. s. A small pointed instrument for piercing eyelet-holes. Eyot, i'-6t, 8. A little isle. Eyre, are, 8. ^Fr.} A journey or circuit; the justices in eyre being itinerant judges; a court of itinerant justices. Eyry, a'-re, s. The place where birds of prey construct their nests and batch ; also written eyrte, Ey8ele 4 8 Vinegar • -7U, B. V# m X canonical Dooks of the Old Testament, so called from the Hebrew priest of that name, who was presumed to be the author E. the sixth ktter of the English alphabet, is a labial by placing the upper teeth on the under hp, and accompanied with an emission English, has one uniform s3,™ m/3r discharge of a river or current of water into the ocean, or into a lake or pond; the distance which any- thuig falls ; the fall of the leaf; autumn ; that which falls; a falling; the act of felling or cutting down; the act of our first parents in eating the forbidden fruit; the apostasy of the rebellious angels.—In nautical laugnage, that pari of a tackle to which the power is applied in hoisting. Fallacious, ful-lo'-shus, a. Wearing a false appear¬ ance, producing oiTor or mistake; deceptive, delu¬ sive, f.ilse, or deceitful; not w'cll founded ; producing disappointment; mocking expectation; holding out false hopes. FALLAciousLT,/<7/-Za'-WM*5-Ze, ad. In a fallacious man¬ ner ; deceitfully ; sophistically ; with purpose or in a manner to deceive. FALLAciocsNEss,/rtZ-Za'-s/iMS-«e«, 8. Tendency to deccive or mislead; inconclusiveness. Fallacy, faV-ld-se, s. Deceptive or false appearance; deceitfulness \ that which misleads the eye or the TOind; deception; mistake.—In logic, an argument, or apparent argument, which professes to be decisive of the matter at issue, while in reality it is not. FallaXjJ/ aZ'-ZaA:s, s. Cavillation ; false reasoning. Fallen, fawVn, pp. or a. Dropped; descended; d©. graded; decreased; ruined. Faxlency,4: faV-len-se, s. Mistake. FALLEa,/atcZ'-er, s. One who falls. Fallibility^ s. Liability to deceive ; th? quality of being fallible; uncertainty; possibility oi being erroneous; Uableness to err or to be deceived in one’s own judgment. Fallible,/ aZ'-Zc-W, a. Liable to fail or mistake; that may err or be deceived in judgment; liable to error that may deceive. PALLiBLY,/aZ'-Ze-5Ze, ad. In a fallible manner. Falling, fawl'-ing, ppr. or a. Descending; di'oppinar disemboguing; apostatising. Falling IN,wi, s. An indenting or hollow opposed to rising or prominence.— away, apos¬ tasy.—FaZZing off, departure from the line or course declension.— Falling down, prostration.— Falling-star, an igneous meteor which appears to fall rapidly to the earth.— Falling-star tube, an electrical experiment made to imitate a falling star by means of a glass Falling-stone, an aerolite, a stone falling from the atmosphere. —Falling sickness, the epilepsy. Fallopian, fal ''o'-pe-mi, a. A teim applied to two membranous atcts arising from the womb, first dis¬ covered by Failopius, and usually called Fallopian tubes. FALLow,/aZ'-Zo, a. Pale red, or pale yellow; unsowed, not tilled; left to rest after a year or more of tillage • left unsowed, after ploughing; unploughed; unculti¬ vated; t unoccupied; neglected. — 8. Land that has lain a year or more untilled or unseeded; the ploughing or tilling of land, without sowing it, for a season.—A green fallow is that where land is rendered mellow and clean from weeds by some green crop, as turnips, &c. — v.n. To fade; to become yellow. — v.a. To plough, harrow, and break land -without seeding it. Fallow-crop, faV-lo-krop, s. The crop taken from fallowed ground. Fallow-deer, fal'-lo-deer, a. A kind of deer smaller than the stag (the Cervus dama of Linntens), and most common in England, where it is almost domes¬ ticated in the parks. Fallowed, faV-lowd, pp. Ploughed and harrowed for a season, without being sown. Fallo-w-FINCH,/ aZ'-Zo-^McA, s. A small bird, the wheat- ear. Fallowing, faV-lo-ing, s. The operation of ploughing and harrowing land without sowing it. FALLowisT,t/oZ'-Zo-iisZ, 8. One who favours the prac¬ tice of fallowing land. Fallownbss,/ aZ'-Zo-«es, s. A fallow state ; barrenness, exemption from bearing fruit. FkLSA.^'SjXfawV-sd-re, s. A falsifier of evidence. False, fawlse, a. Not true; not conformable to fact; expressing what is contrary to that which exists; unfounded; not according to the lawful standai-d substituted for another; snccedancous ; suppositi¬ tious; counterfeit; forged ; not genuine; not solid or sound; deceiving expectations; not agreeable to rule or propriety; not honest or just; net fair; not faithful or loyal; treacherous; perfidious ; deceitful; unfaithful; inconstant; deceitful; treacherous; be¬ traying secrets \ counterfeit; not genuine or real; hypocritical; feigned; made or assumed for the pur¬ pose of decej)tion.—FaZse hre, a combustible compo¬ sition, sending forth a blue flame, used in vessels of war for making signals during the night.—FaZse im¬ prisonment, the arrest and imprisonment of a person without waiTant or cause, or contrary to law ; or the unlawful detention of a person in custody.—FaZse •arfence, in mwstc, a cadence in which the bass rises a tone or semi-tone, instead of rising a fourth, or falling a fifth.-FaZsc keel of a ship, the timber added below the main keel, to serve both as a defence and an aid in holding a better wind.—False-roof, in archi- tecture, tliat part between the ceiling of the upper floor and the covering of a roof. — ad. Not truly ; not honestly ; falsely. —X v.a. To violate by failure of veracity; to deceive to defeat; to balk; to evade. False-faced, fawlse'-fayst, a. Hypocritical; deceitful agsuining a false appearance. FALSE-HEAETED C S79 ] PAN False-heabted, a. Hollow; treache¬ rous ; deceitful; perfidious. Palsb-heartedness, fawlse - h ' drt '- ed - nes , 8. Perfidious¬ ness ; treachery. Falsehood,/ az4)Zse'-/ioo£?^ a. Contrariety to fact or truth ; falsity ; fiction or fabrication ; want of truth or vera¬ city ; an untrue assertion; want of honesty; treachery , deceitfulness; perfidy; counterfeit ; false appearance ; imposture. FiLSEisM,+ faiolse'-isTriyS. Mendacity ; falsehood. FAiv8ELT,/ai«Zse'-Ze, ad. In a manner contrary to truth and fact ; not tinily ; treacherously; perfidiously ; erroneously ; by mistake. Falseness, fawlse ’- nes , s. Want of integrity and vera¬ city, either in principle or in act; duplicity; deceit; double dealing ; unfaithfulness ; treachery; perfidy ; traitorousness. Falser,/ ait-’Zse'-er, s. A deceiver. FALSETTE,/rtwZ-sei', s. In declamation, a shrill and high tone of voice ; a scream. Falsetto, fawl-seV-to, s. (Ital.) A false or artificial voice ; that part of a person’s voice which lies above its natural compass; an artificial manner of singing, produced by tightening the ligaments of the glottis, and thus extending the vocal compass about an octave higher; the natural voice fi’om the chest being called voce di petto. Falsifiable, fawV - se - fi -( t - hl , a. That may be falsified, counterfeited, or corrupted. Falsification, s. The act of making false; a counterfeiting; the giving to a thing an appearance of something which it is not; con¬ futation. FALsiFiCATOR,/atcr-se-/e-/:»-tMr, s. A falsifier. Falsified , faivl '- se - Jide , pp. Counterfeited. Falsifier, fawV - se - Ji ~ er , s. One who counterfeits, or gives to a thing a deceptive appearance, or one who makes false coin ; one who invents falsehood; a liar; one who proves a thing to be false. ' FLi . siF'ty fawl '- se - Ji , v.a. To counterfeit; to forge; to make something false, or in imitation of that which is true; to disprove ; to prove to be false ; to violate; to break by falsehood; tto show to be unsound, insufficient, or not proof. — v.n. To teU lies ; to violate the truth. Falsitv, faivl '- se - te , s. Contrariety or opposition to truth ; the quality of being false ; falsehood ; a lie ; a false assertion. FALTER,/aM?r-^er, v.n. To hesitate, fail, or break in the utterance of words ; to speak with a broken or trem¬ bling utterance; to stammer; to fail, tremble, or yield in exertion; not to be firm and steady; to fail m the regular exercise of the understanding. —J v.a. To sift. Faltering, fawV - ter-ingy s. Feebleness of voice ; deficiency; hesitation. — ppr. or a. Hesitating; speaking with a feeble, trembling utterance. Falteringly, fawV - ter - ing - le , ad. With hesitation; with a trembling, broken voice; with difficiilty or feebleness. Faluns, fa'-luhs^ s. In geology, a series of deposits belonging to the Middle Tertiaiy or Miocene period, consisting of broken shells, quartz, sand, and gravel, and containing the remains of the mastodon, rhino¬ ceros, hippopotamus, palaeotheiium, tapir deer, and other mammalia. FALXj/aZis, s. In anatomy, a certain membranous pro¬ cess wblcb has the form of a scythe or sickle; as falx cerebri, a process of the dura mater. Fame, fame , s. PuMic report or rumour; favourable report; report of good or great actions, or that exalts the character; celebrity; renown, reputation, or honour. — v.a. To make famous; to report. Fame-giving, /ame'-giu-fngr, a. Bestowing fame. FAMED,/aj/w(i, a. Much talked of; renowned. Fameless, /aw»«/-Zes, a. Without renown. FAMELEssLY./rtwe'-tes-ifi, ad. In a fameless manner. Familiar, fci-miV-yar, a. Pertaining to a family ; do¬ mestic ; accustomed by frequent converse; well ac¬ quainted with; intimate; close; affable; not formal 01 '^ distant; e^y in conversation; well acquainted with ; knowing by frequent use; well Known; learned or well understood by frequent use. unce¬ remonious ; free; _ unconstrained; easy; com n\on; fi'equent and intimate; easy; unconstrained; not formal; intimate in an unlawful degree. Familiar, s. An intimate; a Cxose companion, one long acquainted; a demon or evil spirit supposed to attend at a caU.—In the Court of Inquisition, a per¬ son who assists in apprehending and imprisoning the accused. Familiaritv, fd-mil-ye-ar'-e-te, s. Intimate and fre¬ quent converse, or association in company; fellow¬ ship ; affability ; close intimacy; easiness of conver sation; freedom from ceremony; unconstrained in tercourse. Familiarize,/ il-wiZ'-i/ar-tze, v.a. To make familiar or intimate; to habituate; to accustom; to make well known, by practice or converse; to make easy by ractice or customary use, or by intercourse; to bring own from a state of distant superiority. Familiarized, pp. or a. Accustomed; made familiar. Familiarly, fd-miV-yar-le, ad. In a familiar manner; unceremoniously; without constraint; without for¬ mality ; commonly; frequently; with the ease and unconcern that arise from long custom or ac¬ quaintance. FAMiLiARYjt fd-miV-yd-re, a Pertaining to a family, domestic. FAMiLiSM,/ointed tooth; a claw or f 4alon; any shoot or other thing by which hold i* taken. e Fangbd, fangd, a. Furnished -with fangs, tusks, or 2 something long and pointed. FANGLE,t/a/i£i'Z, s. A new attempt; a trifling scheme. 1 Fangled, fang'ld, a. Begun ; new-made ; gaudy ; 1 showy; vainly decorated. Generally used with I prefix Sec New-fangled. Fanglkss, fang'-Us, a. Ha'ving no fangs or tusks, toothless. 5 FA.isQOTyfang'-ot, s. A quantity of wares, as raw silk &c., from one to three cwts. FANioN,/an'-yMn, s. In military matters, a small fiat carried with the baggage. Fan-light,/ an'-ZtZe, s. A window shaped like an open fan, and generally placed over the house-door to light ; the passage. ; Fan-LIKE, a. Resembling, or ha'ving the form of a fan. Fan-maker, /an-mo'-Aer, 8. A manufacturer of ladies’ fans. Fanned,/ and, pp. Blo-wn with a fan ; winnowed. Fanned, /rtn'-nef, 1 s. A sort of ornament like a scarf, FANON,/an'-oti, / worn about the left arm of a Roman Catholic priest when he officiates. Fanner, /rtn'-ner, s. One who fans; a contrivance for producing a current of air, as in a window, &c.— Farmers is the name of a machine which consists of a vane or flat disks revolving round a centre, sometimes used for winnowing com, and sometimes as bellows for forges. Fan-nerved, fan'~nervd, a. In entomology and botany, having the nerves or uervures disposed in the manner of a fan. Panning-machine, fari'-ning-rnd-sheen', Is. A machine Fanning-mill, fan'-ning-niil, ] for cleansing seeds from chaff, huslis, dirt, &c. Fan-palm, fan'-pdlm, s. The talipot ti-ee of the East Indies, which grows to an enormous height, with a straight cylindrical trink, and is one of the most magnificent of the Palm tribes. Fan-shaped, /a/i'-sAape’d, a. Fonned like or resembling a fan. ® Fan-tail, 8. A joint; a gas-bumcr. Fantasia, fan-ta'-sc-A s. (Ital.) A fanciful air in music, not restricted to the laws of composition • a fantasy. FANTAsiED.t fan'-tA-sid, a. Pilled with fancies r>; imaginations; whimsical. Fantasm,/ fln'-Zazm, s. See Phantasm. Fantastic, fan-tas'-tik, ) a. Fanciful , prtjuuced Fantastical, /aw-ias'-Ze-Afl'Z,) or existing only in imagination ; imaginary ; not real , chimerical ; having the nature of a phantom; apparent onlv ; unsteady; irregular; whimsical; capricious; indulg¬ ing the vagaries of imagination ; odd. Fantastic, s. A whimsical person. Fantastically, ad. By the power of imagination; in a fantastic manner; capriciously; unsteadily ; whimsically ; in compliance with fancJ^ Fantasticalnbss, fan-tas'-te-kal-nes, 1 s. Compliance FA.NTiLSTicvz3s, fan-tas'-tik-ncs, / with fancy' humorousness; whimsicalness; caprice. FANTASTICLT,/an-^as'-^^A:-Zc, ad. Irrationally; whimsi¬ cally. Fantasy , fan'-tA-se. See Fancy Fantoccini, fan-tok-tche'-ne. (Ital.) Dramatic repre¬ sentations in which puppets are substituted in the scone for human performers. Fantom,/ an'-Zom. 5<’e Phantom. Fantom-corn, fan'-iom-korn, s. Lank or light corn. [Local.) YkP,tfap,&. Fuddled; tipsy. FA.QviK,fa-keer'. See Fakir. Far, /iir, a. Distant, in any direction; Siparated bv a wide space from the place where one is, or from anv given place remote; remote from purpose; contrary to design or wishes; remote in affection or obedience: at enmity with; alienated; more or most distant of the two. The word forms a useful prefix to numerous compounds, indicating distance, or remoteness, as, far-beamingy sending beams to a distance, far-brought, brought from afar; far-cost, far-extended, far-farned, far-glancing, far-looking, far-piercing, far-resounding, far-ruUng, far-stretched, &c. — ad. To a great extent or di.stance of space; dis¬ tantly in time from any point; remotely.—In inter rogatories, to what distance or extent; in great part FAE [ 381 ] FASOIA In a great proportion; oy many degrees; very much; to fc certain point, degree, or distance.— far, in a great degree; very mucli.— From far, from a great distance ; from a remote place.— Far from, at a ^eat distance.— Far off^ at a great distance; to a great dis¬ tance.—In a spiritual sense, alienated; at enmity; in a state of ignorance and alienation.—^ar other, very different. Var, s. a variety of the species Triticum spelta, or Buck¬ wheat, grown on poor lantte in the South of Europe; the young of swine, or a litter of pigs {local). F arandams, far'-an-dams, 8. A mixed fabric of wool and silk. Faranti.t,+ far'-ant-le, a. Orderly; decent; respect¬ able {local) ; comely ; handsome. Farce,$ /arse, v.a. To stuff; to fill with forced meat; to extend; to swell out. — 8. A short play, in' which ridiculous qualities and actions are gi’eatly exaggerated for the purpose of exciting laughter. Farcical,/ ar'-sc-A-aZ, a. Belonging to a farce; appro¬ priated to farce; droll; ludicrous; ridiculous; illusoiy; deceptive. Farcically, fdr*-se-kal-U, ad. In a manner suited to farce; ludicrously. Farcicalness,/ ar'-se-ftaZ-Jies, s. State of being farcical or ludicrous. FARCiLiTE,t/a)‘'-«e-Ziie, s. Pudding-stone. FARciN,/ar'-sm, 1 s. A disease of horses affecting the Farcy,/ ar'-se, J skin and its blood-vessels, of a leprous chai’acter, and allied to the glanders—Farcy- water is also a disease incident to horses, and termi¬ nating cutaneously. Farcing, fdt''-smg, s. Straffing composed of forced meat; the act of stuffing with mixed ingredients. Fa.jlcta.ti:, fdrk'-tate, a. In botany, stuffbd; crammed or full; without vacuities. FarDj^: fdrd. v.a. To paint; to colour. Fardel,/ ar-deZ, s. A bundle or little pack. — v.a. To make up in bundles. Fardino-bag, fdi'^-dmg-bag, s. Tlie first stomach of a cow or other ruminating animal, where green food lies tiU it is chewed over again. FA.nj)iSQ-i)j:A.'L,Xfdr'-ding-deel, s. An old term for the foui*th part of an acre of land. Fare,/ are, v.n. To he in any state, good or bad; to be attended with any circumstances or train of events, fortunate or unfortunate ; to feed; to be entertained; to proceed in a train of consequences, good or bad ; to happen well or ill. Used impersonally with it, as How will it fare with him ?—$ To go; to pass; to move forward; to travel. — s. The price of passage or going; the sum paid or due, for conveying a person by land and water; food; provisions of the table; the person conveyed in a vehicle. FAREWELLj/jre-MJer. A compotmd of/are, in the im¬ perative, and well. Go well; originally applied to a person departing, hut by custom now applied both to those who depart and those who remain; it expresses a kind wish, a wish of happiness to those who leave or those who are left. The verb and adverb are often separated by the pronoun, as, Fare you sometimes it is only an expression of separation, as, Fareicell, ye groves. — s. A wish of happiness or welfare at parting; the policing compliment; leave; act of departure; a final adieu. Far-fetched, fd^'^-fetcht, a. Brought from a remote place; studiously sought; not easily or naturally deduced or iiiti’oauced; forced ; strained. Farina, fa-ri'-nd, s. The pollen or fine powder con¬ tained in the anthers of plants, and which is supposed to fall on the stigma, and fructify the plant; the iiour . of any species of corn or starchy root, such as the potato, &c.—In chemistry, starch or fecula, one of the proximate principles of vegetables. Farinaceods, far-e-na'-she-us, a. Consisting or made of meal or flour, as foodj containing meal; yielding farina or flour, as seeds; like meal; mealy; pei^taining . to meal. Farinaceously, far-e-na'-she-us-le, ad. In a mealy- like manner. Farinos'e, far'-e-noze, a. Mealy, covered with a sort of white, scuify substance. Farm, farm, s. A portion of land usually leased on •f,rent, with guitablc buildings, fences, and other ' arrangements necessary for carrying on the business of farming; the state of land leased on rent reserved; a lease. Farm, v.a. To lease, as land, on rent reserved ; to let to a tenant on condition of paying rent; to take at a certain rent or rate; to lease or let, as taxes, impost, or other duties, at a certain sum or rate per cent.; to cultivate land.—To let to farm, is to lease on rent Farmable, fdrm'-A-bl, a. That may be farmed. Farmed, /armd, pp. of the verb to farm. Farmer, /a)’'-m^, s. A tenant; a lessee ; one who hires and ciiltivates a farm ; a cultivator of leased gi’ound, or one who cultivates his own land; a husbandman ; one who takes taxes, customs, excise, or other duties, to collect for a certain rate per cent.—Farmers-general, under the old French monarchy, were those to whom the right of levying certain taxes in a particulai district was farmed out, for a given sum paid down. Farmeress, fdr'-mer-es, s. A farmer’s wife, or a woman who farms. Farmery, /arm'-cr-«, s. The buildings and yards neces¬ sary for caiTying on tbe business of a farm. Farm-house, fdrm'-hows, s. A house attached to a farm, and for the residence of a farmer. Farming,/ ar»/-»np, ppr. or a. CaiTying on the business of agriculture; letting or leasing land on rent re¬ served, or duties and imposts at a certain rate per cent. — s. The business of cultivating land. 1'arm-labourer, fdrm-la'-bur-er, s. A working man employed about a farm. I^A RMosr, fdr'-most, a. Most distant or remote. Farm-yard, fdrm'-ydrd, s. The yard or inclosure attached to a barn; or tbe inclosure surrounded by the farm-buildings FARNBss,/ar'-nes, s. Distance ; remoteness. FARo,/«'-ro, 8. A game at cards. Farraginous, far-rad'-je-nus, a. Formed of various materials; mixed. Farrago, far-ra'-go, s. (liRt.) A mass composed of various materials confusedly mixed; a medley. FARRANOji-/ar'-ra/it^, 1 s. Manner; custom; humour. FARAND,+ /a'-rand, / {Local.) FARREATiON,/ar-re-a'-sA«n. See Confarreation. Farrier, /a>^-re-er, 8. One who professes to cure the diseases of horses, now designated a veterinary sur¬ geon ; one who shoes horses. — v.n. To practise as a farrier. FARRiERT,/ar'-r^-cr-e, s. The art of preventing, curing, or mitigating the diseases of horses and cattle; the art or business of shoeing horses. Farrow,/ ar'-ro, s. A litter of pigs. — v.a. or n. To bring forth pigs. — a. Applied to a cow when she fails to produce a calf for that year. Far-seeing, fdr-s^-ing, \ a. Seeing to a great dis- FAR-siGHTED.j^tr-si'-iea, | tance. Far-shooting, fdr'-shoo-ting, a. Shooting to a great distance. Far-sightedness, far-si'-ted-ncss, s. Tlie power of seeing far. Farther, /ar'-fAer, a. comp. deg. More remote ; more distant than something else; longer; tending to a greater distance. See. Further, Furtherance, Furthermore, Furthest, &c. Farthing, f'dr'-thing, s. A small copper coin of Great Britain; the fouith of a penny; very small price or value. Farthingale, /ar'-f/imgr-graie, s. A hoop petticoat; or circles of hoops, foimed of whalebone, used to extend tbe petticoat. FARTHINGS'WORTH,/ar'-^^w^^?5-^<’«r^?^, s. As much as is sold for a farthing. Fasces, fa^-scs, s.pl. (Lat.) In Homan antiquity, a bundle of rods, bound round the helve of an axe, and borne before tbe Roman magistrates as a badge of their authority. FAscET8,/a»'-<-^fs, s.pl. Iron implements used in glass- making for conveying the bottles to the annealing tower. Fascia, fash'-e-&, s.; pi. Fascia. (L.at.) A band, sash, or fiUet.—In architecture, any flat member with a small projecture.—In brick buildings, the jutting of the bricks beyond the windows.—In astronomy, the belt of a planet, as tbe belts of Jupiter.—In surgery, a bandage, roller, or ligatm-e.—In anflilows/, a thin ten¬ dinous coveiing, which surrounds the muacies of the limbs, and bincls them in their places. FASCIAL [ 382 ] FAT Fascial, fash’-e-al, a. Belonging to the fasces. i'AHCiATED, fash’-e-a-ted, a. Bound with a fillet, sash or bandage. F.asciation, fash-e-a'-shnn, s. The act or manner of binding up diseased parts ; bandage. Fascicle,8. A little bundle; a nosegay — 'In botany, an aggregate or cluster of fastigiate flowers, whose foot-stalks or peduncles spring irregularly from several points at the top of the main stem £ fas'-se-kld, a. Clustered together in a fascicle. vTv^ /rtscic/ed whorls are aiTanged in parcels, but still forming a whorl or parcel.—Fascicled racemes, disposed m separate parcels, while the whole forms a raceme. v «, F.ascicular, fas-aik'-u-lar, a. United in a bundle. ^ blindTe^^^’ /^s-siA'-M-Zar-Ze, ad. In the form of Fasciculate, \ a. In growing Fasciculated, fas-sik'-n-la-ted,] in bunies or hunches from the same point. F^ciculately, ad. In a fasciculated manner. In botany, fasciciilately tuberotis, having the roots composed of a parcel or parcels of tubers. ^ h^ornblende variety of fibrous (^^^0 A Uttle bundle; a fascicle, a division of a book; a nosegav. Fascinate, /a^-se-naSe, y.a. To operate* on by some powerf^ or irresistible influence ; to excite and allure captivate^ powerfully, to charm, enraptui’e, or Fascinated, /as'-se-?^a-^cd, pp. or a. Bewitched; en chanted; charmed. ^ enchMtSi'^r’ PPr- or a. BewitcMng; Fascination® fas-se-na'-shun, s. The act of bewitching or en^anting; a powerful or irresistible influence on ’ unseen, inexplicable in ®- ffJ’O In/or^^^ca^^on, a long cylin drical fagot, or bundle of rods.. s / craft /fls'-se-nws, a. Caused or acting by witch- , , (8. The names of certain JJASciOLARiA,/as-se-o4o'-re-a, j kinds of MoUusca be longing to the family TurUnellidai. 1 ASH, fash, v.a. To vex ; to tease. The make or form of anything , the state of anythmg with regard to its external an- pearence ; shape; model to be imitated ; pattern ; the fom of a garment; the cut or shape of clothes the “Ode of dress or ornament; manner ■ prerailing mode or prac- breeding ; genteel company; p Ihhyttmg worn.—fn naval architec- •P'Jfliion-pteMs are the aftmost timbers of a Iha^peomfstlrr”"*" to mould; jP®, to fit; to adapt; to accommodate; to make OT co'iStfrftit ® prescribed by custom; Jto forge Fashionable, fash'-un-&-bl, a. Made accordinn to the preyailing form or mode; estabUsLd by^tom ot ^en^aut^rf'the ht a particular time; ob- fashion or tAstomary mode ; dressing rentetTwelib^^^d”'^" P-vailing' Fashionableness,' fosh'-un-a-bl-nes, s. The state of bemg fashionable; modish elegance; such appliance as IS according to the prevailing custom. F.ashionably, fash'-un-ft-hlt> ori Tv. p. ” 7,^ZVT"u‘’— •-'^'>^-d-ble, ad. In a manner accord- mg to fashiom custom, or preyailing practice Fashioned, fash -xmd, pp. of the verb to fashion. "^XrMfsjTSor!- ^fSiions^’ s. An obsequious follower of Fashionless, fash'-un-les, a. Having no fashion. ^ the7a” hTon ^ a^fop^** studies Fashton-mongering, fash'-un-mung'-er-ing, s. Devo- tediiess to existing fashion, foppery. ^ fashion-monger; slavishly de¬ voted to existing fashions. rAssAn^, fas'-sa-ite, s. In mineralogy, a dark-green Fast,/ a5?, a. Close, tight; firm, immoveable; strong, firmly fixed; closely adhering; deep; sound, as sleep ^d^erence; swift, or quick m motion; moving — ad. Firmly; imraoveably; swiftly, rapidly; with qmck steps or progression.—Fa^i by, or fast beside — v.n. To ahstmn from food beyond the usual time; to omit to take the usual meals for a time; to abstain kto^ of food partially, or from particular .Abstinence from food, or from particular kinds of food, for a certain iime; voluntary abstinence from f9od, as a religious mortification or humiliation; the which fastens or holds; the rope which fastens a vessel to a wharf, &c. 8* The day on which fasting is Fasten, /as'tt v.a. To fix firmly; to make fast or Close; to attach or annex; to lock, holt, or bar; to secipe; to hold together; to cement or to link; to unite closely m any way; to ,affix or conjoin; to im¬ press ; to lay on with strength. — v.n. To fasten on, to fix one’s self; to seize and hold on; to cLnch. Fastened,/ as'»id, pp. Made firm or fast. Fastener,/ as'ner, s. One who makes fast or firm. F.^tening, /a5'mH(7, 5. Anything that binds and makes fast; or that which is intended for that pur - Faster,/ aj'-fer, a. More rapid; swifter.'* — ad. More rapidly. •— 8. One who abstains from food. FASTEST,/asf'-es2, a. Most rapid; swiftest. — ad. Most swiftly. ^a\^:Sctous^* a. Close-fisted, covetous; B,oman calendar, which gave the festivals, courts, &c., correspondiug to a record^ —The Fasti annates were historical ^"Sutto™ fas-tid-e~os'-e-te, s. Fastidiousness /as-ftrf'-c-ws, a. _ Disdainful; squeamish, delicate to a fault; over-nice; difficult to please; re- common or not very nice; suited with dimculty; dainty. I^isdainfully; squeam¬ ishly ; contemptuously. ^^u.^o.xu. Fastiuiousness, fas-tid'-e-us-nes, s. Disdainfulness ; contemptuousness; squeamishness of mind, taste, or appente • Fastigiate, fas-tij'-e-ate, > a. NaiTOwed to tlie Fastigiated, fas-tif-e-a-fed, ) top.—In botaiiy, ta¬ pering to a narrow point, like a pyramid.—A fasti- aeatc stem w one whose branches are of an equal fastigiate when they elevate the fructifications in a bunch so as to be equally high. Fastigium,/ as-fe/-c-wm, 8. (Lat.; The suSiniit, aplx or ridge of a house or pediment, foo?^* 8. The act of abstaining from ^ s. A day of fasting; a fast- FASTLY,/asi'-Ze, ad. Fiianly; surely. i ASTNEss,/(2sf-nes, s. The state of being fast and firm; firm adherence; strength ; security ; a strong-hold; a fortress or fort; a place fortified; a castle; iclose- ness; conciseness of 8tj?le. Fast-receding,/ as<-re-se -ding, a. Rapidly retiriDg« Fast-sinking,/ a5^-5inA:'-tn(7, a. Sinking rapidly. FAST-TRAii^/rtsi'-iraMe, s. An express railway train. FA8Tuous,/a^’-7es-n«s, s. The state of being without a father. ° Fatherliness, fd'-thur-le-nes, s. The qualities of a father; parental kindness, care, and tenderness. Father-long-legs, fW-thur-lo7ig-legs, s. The popular name of the Tipula psctinicornis, on account of its k>ag legs. Fatherly, a. Like a father in affection and care; tender; paternal; protecting ; careful; pertain¬ ing to a father. — ad. In the manner of a father. Fathershif, f 'd'-thur-tship, s. The state of being a father. Fathom,8 . A measure of length, containing six feet; reach; penetration; depth of thought or contrivance. — v.a. To encompass with the arms extended or encircling; to reach; to master; to comprehend; to reach in depth; to sound; to try the depth; to penetrate; to find the bottom or extent. : Fathomable, fath'~um-d~bl, a. Capable of being fathomed. Fathomed, pp. of the verb to fathom^ Fk.TnoyLEK, fath'-um-er, s. One who fathoms. Fathomless, a. That of which no bottom can be found; bottomless; that cannot be embraced or encompassed with the arms; not to be penetrated or comprehended. Fatidical, fd-tid'-e-kal, a. Having power to foretell future events; prophetic. FATIDICALLT,/ to a board that has one edge thinner than the other, like a feather. Feather-edged, feth'-er-efd, a. Having one edge thinner than the other. Feather-flowers, feth'-er-fiou'-ers, s.pl. Artificial flowers made of feathers for ladies’ head ornaments. Feather-grass, feth'-er-grds, s. A species of grass dis. tinguished by its feathered beard. Featheriness, feth'-er-e-nes, s. The being In a fii'm feathery condition; the state of being feathei’y. Featherless, feth'-er-les, a. Destitute of feathers; unfledged. Featherly,^ feth'-er-le, a. Resembling feathers. Feathery, fetN-er-e, a. Clothed or covered with feathers; having the appearance of feathers. — Feathery-footed, having feathers on the feet. FEATLY,t/e^prti5/i'-ose, / spai* ; consisting of feldspar. Felicitate, fe-lis'-e-tate, v.a. To make very happy; to congratulate; to express joy or pleasure to; to com¬ pliment. — a. Made very happy. Felicitation, fe-lis-c-ta'-shun, s. Congratulation. Felicitous, fe-lis'-e-tus, a. Very happy; prosperous delightful. Felicitously , ad. Happily. Felicitousness, fe-lis'-e-tus-nes, s. State of being very happy. Felicity, fe-li^-e-te, s. Happiness; perfect bliss; beatitude; the joys of heaven; prosperity; blessing; enjoyment of good. Fblid^, f^-le-de, 8. In zoology, the Cat family ,of which the genus Felis is the type; including cats, tigers, lions, leopai’ds, lynxes, and other carnivorous mam* malia. Feline, /e'-Ziwe, a. Pertaining to cats or to their species like a cat. Fell, fel, pret. of Fall. — a. Cmel; bai'baxous; inhuman, fierce, savage ravenous; bloody. — s. The hide of an animal; a skin; a barren or stony hill; afield; ganger; gall; melancholy. — v.a. To cause to fall; to prostrate, to bring to the ground by cutting or striking. Fbllablb, fel'-ld-bl, a. Fit to be felled; capable of being feUed. FELLAHS [ 387 ] FEND Pehahs, 8 The peasants or lahouring classes In Egypt , , Fellek, fel'-ler. 8. One who hews or Knocks do-ro. Pellieluous, a. PionTng with gau. Peeliho, /el'-Knp. s The act of cutting down, as/ellmji an oak. , - I*ELLMONGER., fet-mu7i^'■et, 8 A dresser of skins; a dealer in liides Pellness,/ er-nes, s. Cruelty barbarity; rage. Felloe, fel'-lo. See Pelly. . Fellow, fel'4o, s. A companion; an associate; one or the same kind; an eciual; one of a pair, or of two thin£?s used together and Suited to each other; one equal or like another, an appellation of contempt; a man without good breeding or worth ; an ignoble man, a member of a college that shares its revenues, or a member of any incorporated society.—is frequently used in composition, and denotes com¬ munity of nature, station, or employment; as Fellow- citizen, Fellow-commoner, Fellow-counsellor, Fellow- countryman, Fellow-creature, Fellow-feeling, Fellow- heir, Fellow-helper, Fellow-labourer. Fellow-member. Fellow-minister. Fellow-peer, Fellow-prisoner, Fellow- rake, Fellow-scho’ar, Fellow-servant, Fellow-soldier, Fellow-stream, Fellow-student, Fellow-subject. Fellow- sufferer, Fellow-traveller, Feliow-worher, Fellow- writer. —I- v.a. To pair with; to suit, or to match. Fellowship, feV-lo-ship, s. Companionship; society; consort; mutual association of persons on equal and friendly terms ; familiar intercourse ; intimacy; ^so- ciation ; confederacy ; combination ; partnership; joint interest; company ; a state of being together; fre¬ quency of intercourse; familiarity; fitness and fond¬ ness for festive entertainments; communion; intimate familiarity.—In arithmetic, the rule by which profit or loss is divided among partners, in proportion to their invfstnumts.—An establishment in colleges for the maintenance of afeWow-Fellotvship-porters, one ofthe companies of London not on the Livery. Felly , fel'-le, 8 . The exterior part or rim of a wheel, supported by the spokes. Felly, felV-le, ad. Cruelly; fiercely; barbarously. Felo-de-se, fe'-lo-de-se. (Lat.) In law, one who com¬ mits felony by suicide ; a self-murderer. Felon, fel'-on, s. A person who has committed felony; a criminal; a malefactor; a convict; a whitlow; a painful swelling formed in the periosteum at the end of the finger. — a. Malignant; fierce ; malicious; proceeding from a depraved heart; traitorous; disloyal. Felon-wout, feV-on-wurt, s. A plant of the genus solanum. Felonious, a. Malignant; malicious; indi¬ cating or proceeding from a depraved heart or evil purpose; villanous; traitorous; perfidious. — In law, proceeding from an evil heart or purpose; done with the deliberate purpose to commit a crime. Felon iously , fe -to^ -ne-us-le, ad. In a felonious manner; with the deliberate intention to commit a crime. Feloniousness, fe-lo'-ne-us-nes, s. Wickedness; felony. Felonous,±/ er-o»i'Ws, a. Wicked; felonious. Felony, fn'-o-ne, s. In coymyion law, any crime which incurs the forfeiture of lands or goods, and to which c apital or other punishment is superadded, according t) the degree of guilt. Fei site, feV-site, s. A species of compact feldspar. Felspar,8. See Feldspar and Feldspath. Felspathic, fel-spath'-ik, a. See Feldspathic, and Feldspathosb. Felt, felt, pret. and pp. of Feel. — s. A cloth or stuff made of wool, or wool and fur, fulled or wrought into a compact substance by rolling and pressure with lees or size ; a hat made of wool ; skin. — v.a. To make cloth or stuff of wool by fulling. Felt-ed, fel'-ted, pp. or a. Worked into felt. Fulter, fel'-ter, v.a. To clot or meet together like felt. Felt-ghain, 8. In carpentry, the grain of cut timber, which is transverse to the annular rings. FEVi-mri, felt'-hat, s. A hat made of felt wool. Felting. 8. The process of making felt. FELi-TAKEE-R^felt-mat-ker, s. A manufacturer of felt.— Felt-ynaJcera’ Company, one of the Livery companies of London. FELTREj/e/'-fr, 8. A kind of felt-made cuirass formerly in use to protect the body from sword-ente. Felucca, -7e&, B. A boat or Tessel, with oars and lateen sails, used in the Mediterranean. FEjj-woRTffel'-wurt, s. A plant, a species of gentian. Female, fe'-male, s. In zoology, sl she-animal; one of that sex which conceives ana brings forth yoting.— Amongthat which produces fruit; that wmek bears the pistil, and receives the pollen of the male flowers. — a. Noting the sex which produces young; not male; pertaining to females; feminine; soft; delicate; weak.—A female screw, in mechayiics, is the spii’al- threaded cavity into which a screw wor^s—A female- die is the concave die or pattern into which the male or convex die Is struck. Female-fi.ower, f(^-male-flour, s. In botany, a flower wMch is furnished with the pistil. Femicide, /em'-e-sirfe, 8. The slaying of a woman. Feminicy, /em'-e-nd-se j Womanly nature. FEMiNALiTYj/em-e-Mor-e-re, j ^ Feminal, feyn'-e-nal, \ a. Pertaining to a woman, or Feminine, fem'-€-7iin, ) to women, or to females ; soft; tender; delicate; effeminate; destitute of manly qualities.—Feminine gender, in gramynar, that gender which denotes the female sex, generally indicated by the terminations of words, as baroness, executrix, &c. FeminatEjJ fern'-e-nate, a. Feminine. Femininely, fem'-e-niyi-le, ad. In a feminine manner. Femininism,^: /e^n'-e-nin-izm, 1 s. The quality of the Feminity ,^1 fe-min'-e-te, ( female sex. Feminize, -f /ew'-e-nize, v.a. To make womanish. Femme Covert, fern kuv'-ert, s. (Fr.) A married woman, under covert of her husband, who is respon¬ sible for all her just debts.—Femme sole is an un¬ married woman, who is responsible for her own debts; but if she maiTies, the debts previously con¬ tracted become those of her husband. Femoral, /em'-o-raZ, a. Of or belonging to the thigh. FEN,/en, 8. Low land ovei’flowed, or covered wholly or partially with water, and producing sedge, coarse grass, or other aquatic plants; boggy land ; a moor or raareh.—There are various compound words, of a very familiar character, formed from the word fen ; as/e«- hery'y, a kind of blackberry; feyi-born, bom or bred among the fens; feyi-cress, cress growing in fens; feyt,- cricket, an insect that digs for itself a little hole in the ground; fen-duck, a species of wild duck ; fen-fowl, any fowl that frequents fens ; feyi-land, marshy land; fefi-sucked, sucked out of marshes. Fence, fense, 8. An inclosnre consisting of a wall, liedge, ditch, bank, or line of posts and rails, or ol boards or pickets, intended to confine beasts from straying, and to guard a field from encroachment; a guard; anything to restrain entrance; that which defends from attack, approach, or injury; security; defence; the guard of a carpenter’s plane; a slang term for a receiver of stolen goods.—itingr feyice, a fence which encircles a whole estate. the mid-month, commencing fifteen days before mid¬ summer- in which it is unlawful to hunt in any forest. — v.a. To inclose with a hedge, wall, or anvthing that prevents the escape or entrance of cattle; to secure by an inclosure; to guard ; to fortify. — v.n To practise the art of fencing; to fight and defend by giving and avoiding blows or thrusts; to raise a fence ; to guard. Fenced, /ensi, pp. or a. Inclosed with a fence; guarded, fortified. FENCErTJL,/ens'-/wZ, a. Affording defence. Fenceless, feyis-les, a. ‘Without a fence; nninclosed unguarded. Fencer, /(sn'-ser, s. One who fences or teaches the art of fencing with sword or foil. FENCiBLE,^n'-se-6L a. Capable of defence. Fencibles, fen’-se-olz, s.pl. Soldiers enlisted for the defence of the country, but not liable to be seni abroad. Fencing, 8. Mateiials iwed in making fences for farms or any inclosure ; the act or art of inclosing with fences; a casing used as a protection for machinery in factoiies; the art of self-defence, or of skilfuily using the small sword or foil in attack or defence.— A fencing-ynaster is one who teaches the art of fencing.— A fencmg-school, or fencing-acadeyny, is a school in which fencing is taught. Fend, v.a. To keep off; to prevent from enter¬ ing ; to ward off; to shut out. — v.n. To act in opposition; to resist; to paiTy .---Jp FEITOEE FERKTJGINOTIS [ 388 ] , is to prevent a boat or jeni^ off, in. nautical «v,.y«,t*yc, i vessel running foul of another. Fbkder,/ en'-rf«rj & That which defends; an utensil employed to hinder coals of fire from rolling forward to the floor; a piece of timber, mass of old ropes, or other thing hung over the side of a vessel to keep it from being iniured by collision. pENEaiTE,t/en-er-aie, T.n. To put to use; to lend on interest FENEaATioN,:^/en-er-a'-fiAiw, 8. The act of lending on use; the interest or gain of that which is lent: the act of using. FE?^ESTRAL,/e-/l€s'-^raZ, a. Pertaining to a window Fenestrate, a. in ejitomology, an epithet applied to transparent spots on the wings of butter¬ flies. FENK8,/«nA:«, s. The refuse of whale’s blubber. Fennel, fen'-nel, s. A plant much cultivated for the agreeable aromatic flavour of its seeds and finely divided leaves, and used as a garnish for fish, &c. Fennel-flower, fen'-nel-Jlour, s. A plant of the genus nigella. FENNYj/en'-ng, a. Boggy; marshy; moorish: growing in fens ; inhabiting marshy ground. Fenny-stones, /cn'-ne-4io;ttis, s. A plant. ^NOwED,$:/«7t'-norfe, a. Corrupted; decayed. Fenugreek, fen'-n-greek, s. A leguminous plant allied to clover, of the sub-order PapiliotiacecB. V'EOTiyfude. See Feud, and its cognate words, Peitdal, Feudary, &c. Feoff, feff, v.a. To infeoff; to invest with a fee or feud ; to give or grant any corporeal hereditament. Feoffee, fef-fee', s. A person who is infeoffed ; that is invested with a fee or corporeal hereditament. Feoffer, j I 8- ^ One who Lnfeoffs or grants £ Feoffment, s. The gift or grant of a fee or corporeal hereditament, as land, honours, or other immoveable things. This deed of feoffment was for¬ merly the usual mode of conveying a freehold from one man to another; but of late years it has been almost entirely superseded by the conveyance by lease and release. Feracious, fe-ra'-shus, a. Fruitful; producing abun dantly. FERACiTY,/e-rrts'-«-?e, s. Fruitfulness. FEa.®,/e'-rfi, s.pl. (Lat.) Tlie Ferine race of animals, comprehemlinff those that chiefly feed upon the flesh ot other animals bejists of prey.—In law, feres riahiree IS the term applied to those animals which are of a wild and uniainable nature, to distinguish them from such as are of a tame or domestic kind, as horses, cows, sheep, poultry, &c. FERAL,/e'-ra\ a. Funereal; mournful. Ferd-fare.J s. A quittance or discharge from the obligation of going to war .—Ferdwit was a fine or penalty imposed on persons for not serving in the wars, which, according to the feudal tenures, was an obligation on every landliolder. Fere,± /ere, s. A mate or companion, either male oi female. rEKETuRT /er'-e-tor-e, 8. A place in a church for a oier i a bier or shrine for containing the reliaues Oi saints. ^^^^'^o,fer-ef-to, s. A pigment used in colouring glass See Fbrretto. ** ® Fei’gusonite, fer'-au-son ite,s. A brownish-black ore consisting of columbic acid and yttria, with some ox.de of eenu^r and zirconia. Feri^, A-'-re-e, s. (Lat.) The holidays of the Romai Catholic breviary, chiefly consisting of the three las days of Passion week, the two following Easter day the second/eri^s of Rogation, From the feries o, the Middle Ages, the fairs of our cities and market towns probably originated, and thence received theii names. Ferial, fe’-re-al, a. Pertaining to holidays. FERiA.TiQ2i ,fe-re-a'-shun, s. The act of keeping holi day; cessation from work. Ferie,!/ -re, s. A holiday. Ferine, /fZ-rine, a. Wild; untamed; savage. Fekinely, fe'-rine-le, ad. In the manner of wil^ beasts. Ferineness, fe'-rine~nes,s. Wildness; savageness. Ferines. See Per.®. ^RiTY,/er'-c-ie, 8. . Wildness; savageness; cruelty. FERM4/erm,8. A farm or rent; a lodging-hoiiBe, r , prison. o f Ferment, ferf-menty^. A gentle boiling, or the internal motion of the constituent parts of a fluid; intestine motion ; heat; tumult; agitation ; that which causes fermentation; a name for yeast or barm. See Fek- mentation. Ferment, /er-menr, T.a. To set in motion; to excite in- temal motion ; to heat; to raise by intestine motion. work; to effervesce; to be in motion, or to be excited into sensible intemal motion. FpMENTABiLiTY,/er-wcn-^d-6i^'-e-^e, s. Capability of being fermented. fer-men'-i&‘bl, a. Capable of fermenta- Fermental, fer-men'-tal, a. Haviug the power to cause fermentation. Fermentation, fer-men-ta'-shun, s. The sensible in¬ ternal motion of the constituent particles of animal and vegetable substances, occasioned by a certain degree of heat and moistiire — Putrefactive fernienta- t%on IS the spontaneous decay and decomposition of animal and vegetable matter. Fermentative, fer-men'-td-tiv, a. Causing, or having power to cause, fermentation: consisting in fermenta¬ tion. ® Fermentativeness, fer-men'-td-tiv-nes, s. The state of being fermentative. Fermented, fer-’^ien'-ted, pp. or a. Worked: having undergone the process of fermentation. Fermillet, fer'-mil-let, s. A buckle or clasp. iERN,/er7£, s. The popular name af the order of crypto- gamic plants called Filices, which have their repro¬ ductive organs inserted on the back surface of the frond or leaf, and are remarkable for the elegance of their foliage and the delicate veining of the leaflets. rERN-owL, fern'-oul, s. The European goatsucker, or night-jar. ^ FERNTicLESjt fem'-te-kls, s.pl. Freckles on the skin, resemblii^ the seeds of the fern. ”feni^' Abounding or overgrown with FERocirY,/e-ros'-e-rt, v.a. To make ferocious. xERocTous,/e-ro'-«?i,M«, a. Fierce; savage; wild; indi¬ cating cruelty ; ravenous ; rapacious ; barbarous ; cruel. * Ferociously, ad. Fiercely; with savage cruelty. Ferociousness, fe-ro’-shus-nes , s. Savage fierceness cruelty. Ferocity, /e-ros'-e-te, s. Savage wildness oi fierceness; tury; cruelty; fierceness indicating a savage heart. XERREous, fer' -re-US, R. Partaking of or pertaining to iron; made of iron. ° Ferret, fep-ret, s. A species of weasel, the Mustella Pff'o, much used in unearthing rabbits, or driving them out of their holes ; a kind of narrow tape made of woollen, sometimes of cotton or silk.—Among glass-makers, an iron used to make the rings at the mouths of bottles. — v.a. To drive out of a lurking-place. Ferreter, fep-ret-er, s. One who hunts another in his private retreat. FEaRETTo,/er-rei'-to, s. Copper calcined with brimstone or white vitriol, used to colour glass. FERRiAGE./a( 7 '-er-&oul, s. A bowl or vessel to hold water for rinsing the fingers. Fingered, fing'-erd. pp. Played on, handled, or touched. — a. Having fingers.—In botany, digitate. Finger-glass, fing'-er-gi'ds, s. A glass containing water for dipping the fingers at the dinner-table. Finger-grass s. The common name of the plants of the genus Bigitana. ,fing'‘er-ing, s. The act of touching lightly or handling; the manner of touching an instniment of music; delicate w'ork made with the fingers. fing'-er-ling, %. Young salmon. {Local.) Finger-plate, fing'-er-plate, s. An ornamental piece of motal or porcelain fixed on the edge of a door to keep off finger-marks from the painting. Finger-post, fing'-er-poast, s. A post with a finger pointing, for directing passengers to the road. Finger-shell, fing'-er-shell, s. A marine shell re¬ sembling a finger. Finger-stall, fing'-er-staid, s. A workman’s protec¬ tion for the finger. Finger-stone, Jing'-er-stone, s. A fossil resembling an aiTow. Fingeoms, s. "Woollen cloth made of combed wool. Finial, fin'-e~al, s. In Gothic architecture, the top or omamental flnisliing of a pinnacle or gable, some¬ times the pinnacle itself. FiNiCAL,^n-e-A:aZ, a. Nice; spimce; foppish; pretend¬ ing to supeidluous elegance ; affectedly nice or showy. Finicallt, fin'-e-kal-le, ad. "With great nicety or spiniceness; foppislily. Finicalness, fin-e-kal-nes, s. Extreme nicety in dress or manners; foppishness. Finikin, fin'-e-kin, a. Precise in trifles; idly ; busy. Fining, fi'-ning, s. The process of retining or purifying. —Finings are a solution of gelatine, used for clari¬ fying. Fining-pot, s. A vessel in which metals are refined. Finis, 8 . (Lat.) An end; conclusion. Fini.sii, fin'-ish, v.a. To arrive at the end proposed ; to miike perfect; to bring to an end; to polish to the degree of exceUence mtended; to terminate, con¬ clude, or accomplish. — s. The completion of a work of art; that which gives it perfection; the last hard smooth coat of plaster on a wall. Finished, i)p. Completed; perfected. — a. Complete; perfect; polished to the highest degree of excellence. Finisher, fin'-ish-er, s. One who finishes or completely perfonns; one who puts an end to. Finishing, ppr. or a. Completing: perfect¬ ing; bringing to an end— Finishing coat, in archi¬ tecture. is the last and best coating of stucco-work, when three coats arc used. — 8, Compictiou , comifletcnces ; perfection ,* 1 ist polUh. FIMTE [ S95 ] FIRK * PisiTE,a. HaTtog a limit, limited; bounded; cii’cumscribed. Finitely, ad. ‘Within limits; to a certain dogi’ee only. Finiteness, fi'-nite~nes, 8. Limitation; confinement witliin certain boundaries. FiNiTTJDEjt Jin' -e~tudey s. Limitation. Finless, Jin'‘les, a. Destitute of fins. Finlike, fin’-like, a. Resembling a fin. Finn, fin, s. A native of Finland, in Europe. Finned, find, a. Having broad edges on either side. Finner- WHALE, fin'-nev-wale, s. A cetaceous animal, the fin-backed whale, which furnishes the shortest and coarsest plates of whalebone. Finnikin, fin'-e-kin, s. A sort of picron. Finny, a. Furnished with fi:;s. Finochio, fe-no'-ke-o, s. A variety of fennel. Fin -SCALE, fin'-skate, s. A river fish, called the r^idd. Fin-toed, a. Palmiped; piilinated; having toes connected by a membrane. Fiord, fe'-ord, s. An inlet from the sea; a bay. Fiorin, /tK-o-rin, s. A species of creeping bent-grass, once supposed to be of great value for green winter fodder. Vlt-fly-jX fip'pl, 8. A stopper, as in a musical wind in¬ strument. Fir,I s. - The common English name of Fir-tree, y5/*'-^rce, i several species of forest trees be¬ longing to the Pines and Abies, highly valued for their timber; the principal of which are the Silvers, the Sprtices, the Larches, and the Cedars. —In car¬ pentry, fir-poles are trunks of fir-trees used in rustic buildings, and for scaffolding. Fir-tvronght is timber planed on the sides and edges. Fir-framed is rough timber framed, but not planed. Fir-in-bond is a technical expression to denote lintels, wall-plates, and all timbers built in walls. FiRE.^re, 8. Heat and light emanating visibly, per¬ ceptibly, and simultaneously from any body; caloric; tbe burning of fuel on a hearth; the burning of a house or town; a conflagration; light; lustre; splen¬ dour ; that which Inflames or iiTitates the passions; ardour of temper, violence or passion; liveliness oi imagination; vigour of fancy; intellectual activity; animation ; force of sentiment or expression ; the passion of love; ardent affection; combustion; tumult; rage; contention; trouble; affliction.—To set on fire, to kindle; to inflame; to excite violent action—2'o iie on fire, to be in a state of ignition; to be highly ex¬ cited.— To he under fire, means to be exposed to the attack of an enemy by cannonade or fusilade.— St. Anthony's fire, a disease marked by an eruption on the skin, or u diffused infiammation, with fever ; the ery- sipetas.— Wildfire, an artificial or factitious fii*e, which burns even under water.—The word fire fonns a variety of compounds. Fire-annihilator is an appa¬ ratus holding a chemical composition, which has the effect of extinguishing flame, fire, or smoke.—Fire- Uill, a gi’enade tilled witii combustibles to be thrown among enemies; also, a meteor which darts rapidly through the air, and explodes.— Fire-balloon, a baUuon sent up at night with fire-works, which ignite at a certain kei^kt.—Fire-barrel, a hollow cylinder filled witli combustibles, and used in fire-sliips against an enemy.—Fire-i'rtrs, the bars of a grate; also the move¬ able iron bars in the fire-box of arocomotive steam- engine.—an IruD receptacle for holding a small portable grate, witli coals, &c., for a bed-room.— Fire-bavin, a bundle of brushwood, used in fire-ships. -Fire-blast, a disease of plants and trees, in wliich they appear as if burned by fa'e.—Fire-board, a chim¬ ney-board, used to close a fire-place in summer.—Fire- bote, an allowance of fuel to wliich a tenant is entitled. —Fire-box, a ctmper receiver for a locomotive engine, in w'hich the fire is placed.— Fire-brand, a piece of wood kindled or on fire ; an incendiary; one who in¬ flames factions, or causes contention and mischief.— Fire-brick, a brick that will sustain intense heat without fusion.— Fire-brigade, a body of firemen, trained and held in constant readiness for the extinc¬ tion of conflagrations.—F/re-6n/s/i, a brush used to sweep the hearth.— Fire-bucket, a bucket to convey water to engines for extinguishing fii’e.— Fire-clad, «lad with ^e.—Fire-clay , a kind of clay that will sus¬ tain intense heat, used in making fire-bricks.— Fire¬ cock, a cock or spout to let out water for extinguishing fire. — Fire-company, a company of men for manag¬ ing an engine to extinguish fires. — Fire-crackers, a preparation of gunpowder, &c., discharged for amusement.—Fire-cross, an ancient signal for tal8. The bite of a flea, or the Flea-biting, fle'-bi-ting, / red spot caused by the bite J a trifling wound or pain, like that of the bite of a flea. Flea-bitten,. a. Bitten or stung by a flea, mean; worthless: oi low birth or station. Fleak, ./fecA, s. A lock. FTJE^-KnnQ,.fleek^ -ing, s. A covering of reeds used in the thatching of houses. (Local.) Fleam, ./fecw, s. In surgery and farriery, a sharp in¬ strument used for letting blood, resembling the point of a lancet fix ed in a flat handle.—A casr of fleams is a collection of surgical instruments used by faiTiers. Flea-wort, s. A herb of the plantain kind, bearing nauseous mucilaginous seeds. Fleche, s. In fortification, a simple redan,usually constructed at the foot of a glacis. Fleck, fi^k, i v.a. To spot; to streak or stripe; to Flecker, TfeA'-er, j variegate; to dapple. Flecked, fiekt, pp. or a. Sputu d ; variegated with divers colours; generally applied to cattle. Flection, flek'-sh un, s. The act of bending, or state oi oeing bent. PLEOTOR [ 401 ] FLEXURE PLECTOR,^e«'-i«»*. jSee Flexor. Fled, fied, pret. and pp. of the verb to Fledge, a. Feathered; furnished with feathers or winjrs ; able to fly. , ... — v.a. To furnish with feathers; to supply with the feathers necessary for flight. Fledged, pp. of the verb eo . Fledgeling, 8. A young bu*d j^t fl^edged. Fledging, s. A coyering of feathers. Flee, v.n. To run with rapidity; to attempt to escape; to hasten from danger or expected eyil; to hasten away; to keep at a distance from. Fleece, fleese, s. The coat of wool shorn from a sheep ax one time. _ ^ +« — v.a. To shear off a covering or gro’vrth of wool; to strip of money or property; to take from by severe exactions; to spread over, as with wool; to make white. .. Fleeced, fleest, pp. Stripped by severe exactions. — a. Furnished with a fleece 9 r with fleeces. Fleeceless, jieese'-les, a. Having no fleece. Fleecer, ^e-ser, s. One who strips or takes by severe PIT actions. PiEECT, fie'-se, a. Covered with wool; woolly; xesem- bllnff wool or a fieece; soft; complicated. FiEEuTylcer, v.n. To deride; to sneer; to m^k; to gibe; to make a wry face m contempt, or to grin m scorn; to leer; to grm with an air of civility. — V.a. To mock; to flout at. , ^ —.s. Derision or mockery, expressed by words or looks; a grin of civility. Fleerer, neer’-er. s. A mocker; a fawner. _ Fleering, ppr. or a. Deriding; mocking, counterfeiting an air of civility. ■ Fleeringly, ad. In a fleering manner. Fleet , fleet, s. A navy or squadron of ships; a nimber of ships in company.—In English names, fleet also denotes a flood, a creek or inlet, a bay, an estory, or a river, as in Fleet-street, North-fleet, Fleet Prison. Fleet-dike is an embankment for preventing inunda- Swift of pace; moving or able to move with rapidity ; nimme ; light and quick in mo^n, or moving with lightness and celerity; tsuperflciaUy fmitfiU; not penetrating deep, as soil; skiinnung the _v.n. To fly swiftly; to hasten; to flit as a light sub¬ stance ; to be in a transient state ; to float. — v.a. To skim the surface; to pass over rapidly; | to pass lightly, or in mirth and joy; to skim milk FlS?-foot, or FLEEX-rooTEp, fleet-fiif -ted, a. Swift of foot; running or able to run with rapidity. Fleeting, Ppr. Passing rapidly; flymg with Nondurable; transient; temporary; evanescent. Fleeting-dish, fleet'-ing-disn, 8. A skimming howl. (Local.') Fleetinglv , fleef-ing-le,Q.^. lu a fleetmg manner. Flbetlv, fleet'-le, ad. Rapidly; lightly and nimbly; Fleetness, s. Swiftness; rapidity; velocity; celerity^, speed; nimbleness; quickness. Flem,± s. An outlaw. . . FLEMArARE,4; flem'-d-fare, 8. An old law term, signi¬ fying a claim to the property of a felon. e’LEiniNG,^«m'-in< 7 ,s. A native of Flanders. Flemish, flem'-ish, a. Pertaining to Flanders.— bricks are paving bricks of a yellowish colour, harder than the ordinai-y bricks. ^ ^ • *x. Flense, flenz, v.a. To cut up a whale, and obtain the blubber. , , Flensing, flen'-zing, s. The act of cutting up a whale and obtaining its blubber. , Flesh, flesh, s. A compound substance formmg a large part of an animal, consisting of the softer solids, as distinguished from the hones and the fluids; animal food, in distinction from vegetable; the bodies of beasts and birds used as food, distinct from Jish, the body, as distinguished from the soul ; animal nature ; animals of all kinds; men in general; mankind; human nature , carnality ; coi-poreal appetites, a carnal state; a state of unrenewed nature; the cor¬ ruptible body of man, or corrupt nature; the present life the state of existence in this world; legal righteousness, and ceremonial services ; kindred ; stock; family.—In botany, the soft, pulpy eubsmnce of fruit.—0/ie flesh denotes intimate relation.—Jo oe one flesh, is to be closely as m mar^ge ^ orm o/ifisA, human strength or aid.-Tbe wort has a variety of compounds ; as flesh-btoth a WM oi soup made by boiling Hesh-meat m water . ; a brush for exciting action m the skm by » flesh-dogged, encuiAered with flesh , &Ttor a nimo • Aesh-pot, a vessel in which flesh is cooxeu. pLsh v.af^ To mitiate; to harden ; to accustom, to establish in any practice; to glut; to ^tiate. Fleshed, fiesht, pp. Initiated; accustomed. FiESHraEss,yTern'-«-ne5, s. Abundance of flesh or fat plumpness; corpulence; grossness. Fttsuiess fiesh'-les, a.. Destitute of flesh; lean. Fleshlines, flesh'-le-nes, s. Carnal passions and appe- FLEsmiNfsft,v.a. To feather an arrow. ^ Fletcher, + fletsh'-er, s. An arrow-maker; a manu¬ facturer of hows and arrows. FLETiiER0U8,y!e-(i/'-er-«s,a. Prodding tears. Fletz,± fletz, a. In geology, a term apphed to the secondary strata, because they generaUy occur m,^a( FnBE^™DE°Lis^yeM^'do le- (Pr.) In heraldry, a hearing in the French arms of the house of Bourbon, repK sented by three lUies, as emblematic of royalty.- In FLECRT’/?w'-rt 18. In Aeraldry, atermforacio® Fleurette, rtew-rcl', < similar to a cross flory, the arms of which terminate with a fl^eur-de-iis. P'LE'vf .flew, pret. of Fly. j, r. a — 8 The large chaps of a deep-mouthed hound. FLEWED,/ewd, a. Chapped ; mouthed ; deep-mouteert FLEx,y?&, v.a. To bend ; as, a muscte^CTcs the.^,. FLBXANrMoiJs,t fleks-an'-e-mus, a. Having power to change the mind. _ ^ j Flexed, pp. or a. Bent, or cu^ed. Flexibility, fleks-e-hiV-e-te, s. The quality of ad- Idling to he bent; pliancy; flexibleness; easiness to be pmluaded , the quality of yl'^'Amg to arguments, pei’suasion, or circumstances; ductility of mmd, readiness to comply; facility. Flexible, rtcAs'-e-Ai, a. PUant, tractable, or manageable , ttat may be bent; yielding to pressure ; capable of yielding To entreaties, arguments, or other moral force; not rigid or inexorahle; easily managed or FLSrtLEHES8,^eAs'-e-W-nes, s. Possibility to be bent or turned from a straight Une or form without break¬ ing ; easiness to he bent; pliancy or flexihflity, facility of mind; obsequiousness; ductflity, or tracta- FLEXrtLT, deAs'-e-We, ad. In a flexible manner. Flexicostate fleks-e-ko^-tate, a. Having the ribs bent, ^appUed eithef to animal or mechanical flexures. Flexile, fleks'-il, a. PUant; easily bent; yielomg to nower. imDulse, or moral force. ». j- Flexion, 8. The act of bendmg ; abending, a part bent; a fold; a turn /"y " quarter.—In physiology, the action of the flexor muscles ; the condition of a Umb or organ bent by the Flexor yfS-m-, s. In anatomy, a muscle whose office is to bend the part to which it belongs; opposed to tlie extensors, which serve to stretch them. Flexcods, flek'-shu-us,\a. _ Wrn‘Ang; tortuous , bend- Fi EXuosE fiek'-shu-ose,] ing; wavering; not sready. f-31lRE,’&-yur,a. A wffiding bending; incur- yation; fee act of bending; the part bent; a joint FLIOl t 402 ] FLOATING tody; + obsequious or scmie Gringing.—i* lemre of nines denotes acurve either con¬ cave or convex, with respect to a given straight line. *r.icK,^tA. See, Flitch. 7 ; to flap the wings without flying; to waver, fluctuate, or twinkle, ^ FLiCKEaiNo, -er-t)ip, a. Wavering; fluctuating; having a fluttering or amorous emotion. ~ 8. A fluttering; a short, irregular movement. ^manrer^°^^’ ad. In a fllckeriU; Plicker-mouse, ^ik'-er-motise, s. The hat. ^ flees; a runaway; a mgitive; a part of a machine which, by moving rapjmy, equalizes and regulates tlie motion of the whoie. Artificial insects made of bright matliers or silk used by anglers in fishing. fleeing ; hasty departure ; the act of flymg or passing through the air by the help of wmgs; volitation; a flock of birds; flying or moving through the air together; a volley, as of arrows ; a mountmg; a soaring; lofty elevation and excursion, as of fancy; excursion; wandering; ex- ^■avagant sally, as a flight of foUy; asetofstalrs.- fliphts are the husks or glume of oats— Flight-shot IS the distance which an aiTow flies. Flighted, a. Taking flight; flying. 1 LiGHTiLY,^i'-t«-Ze, ad. In a flighty manner. T LiGHTiNESs,^i'-ie-nes, s. The state of being flighty or volatiJe; levity, childishness, or volatility; a slight delirium. Flighty, a. Fleeting; swift; wild; indulging the salhes of imagination; disordered in mmd • somewhat delirious. Flimflam, s. A freak; a trick. T LiMsiLY,^i>/i'-2e-Ze, ad. In a flimsy manner. l?LiMsiNEss,/j»4'-ze-n«5, s. State or quality of being flimsy; thin, weak texture; want of solidity. iLiMSY, a. Without strength or solid sub¬ stance; weak or feeble ; spiritless, superficial, or vain; thin ; of loose texture. ’ v.D. To shrink ; to withdraw from ; to tail of proceeding, or of performing anything. T LiNCHER,^tMs/i'-<'r, 8. One who flinches or fails. I LiNCHiNG, s. A shrinking or drawing back under pain or difllcolty. ^ FLiNCHixGLT.^i?isA'-t?ip-Ze, ad. In a flinching manner, hLINDER,s. A small piece or splinter ; a fras-- An iron used, when heated w FlindeRj^ui ment {local). ~ ^ Flinder-mouse, 8. A bat. IriNo.^iKp, V.a. ; pret. and pp. Flunq. To cast, send, or throw from the hand; to hurl; to dart; to emit- to scatter; to drive by violence; to throw to the ground ; to prostrate; to bafile ; to defeat.—To Mna mo«5/, to reject; to discard.—To fling down, to demo- tain-—To fling off, to bafile in the chase.— to fling out, to utter.—To m, to throw in; to make an allowance or deduction.—To fling open, to Mrow open; to open suddenly or with violence.— lojiing ^ip, to relinquish, or abandon. flounce; to wince; to fly into violent and megular motions ; to cast in the teeth ; to utter ’ to sneer; to upbraid.-To^inp ou<, to glow unruly or outrageous. ^ throw; a flounce; a cast from the hand; a remark 1 n sarcasm; a severe or contemptuous ’ ftte who Jeers. i hmr, flint, s. Anything proverbially hard.—A mineral lound in considerable abundance in nodules and layers in chalk rocks; a sub-species of quartz. It > strikes fire with steel, and is used in musket locks, though now almost superseded by percussion caps Its constituent elements are, silica, 98 - 00 ; oxide of iron, 0 - 25 ; alumina, 0 - 2.5 ; water, 1 - 50 . Flint-glass, flinf-gl'ds, s. A superior kind of glass or crys^, distinguished by its containing oxide of lead to which It owes some of its most valuable qualities. Flint-heart, flmV-hdrt, 1 a. Having a hard. Flint-hearted, flinf-hdr-ted, f unfeeling heart. F“ntv, flin'-te, a. Consisting of flint; like flint very inyiressible ; cruel; immerciful; inexor- 1 . ; full of flint stones.— Ftinty-slate is a variety of eaith'^*^'^*' ““tains a large propoi-tion of siUcious mixed liquor, consisting of beer and spirit sweetened, and also warned by a hot iron. Flip-do(^ Jiip'-dogy b. warm nip. Flipflap, fiip'~fiap, ad. or a. Noting the repeated something broad and loose. ^ Flippancy, flip -pan-se, s. Smoothness and rapidity of speech; volubility of tongue; fluency of speech. Flippant, flip'-panty a. Of fluent and rapid speech having a voiubie tongue ; talkative. ^ * ^androISbV;^?s1,eecb’ "'larg^rfu-^o^a^'A." a throw with a jerk, or sudden dSly ®*®“tion; to toss or throw; to move sud- ’ t° throw out bantering or s^castic words; to run and dart about; to act with a desire to attract notice; to play at courtship ; to coquet. ^ ^ ttu'OiTor cast; a darting motion, a young girl who acts with giddiness, or plays at courtship ; a coquette. aiuiuncss, or — a. Pert; wanton. Flir-tation, fler-ta'-shun, %. A flirting - a Quick FL^GiS,5SrpL?'‘‘r® ’ FLiRTiGiQ,}?c>-'-ie-pAj-p J ®- A wanton, pert girl. ^coqumtisif"''''”'^’ PP"' 'Phrowlng; jerking; •Flirtin^ly, flert'-ing-le, ad. In a flirting manner Flisk,^isA;, s. a large tooth-comb. ^dar/aln/.;”' fn ^ motion; to aait along, to flutter; to rove on the win"- to to another; to™^kt^ mov^d unstable; to he easily oi^fteu a. Nimble ; quick ; swift. ^ salted and cured. Flite, v.n. To scold or quaiTel. {Local.) Flitter, v.n. To flutter. ^ — s. A rag; a tatter. Flitter-modse, flit'-ter-mouse, s. A bat. g. The bark ot vouns oak trees, ^ ^stmguished from that of the old.^ ^ -^e-nes, s. Unsteadiness ; levity; light- ^ bVltSsf fln&gP'^- "• "“‘P^y i ad. In a flitting manner. f“x 4 s ’ Down?to ' = ™er°’cS“’ ^ ^P““^ Hedge-mustard. '"■fiicfi swims or is borne on water 90’icction of timber, boards, or planks, fas-- tbii conveyed down a stream; a raft; the cork or quill used on an angling line • ±the art of flowing; flux; flood.-The watlr-gldge of a steam- boiler, attached to the vaJve in a steam-pipe; a kind of wooden rule or trowel, with which ma^sons S a hn"a?d ?*H-l**® plastering on itralls.-Float-board, f the rim of a water-wheel for the pur- receiving the impulse of the stream by whi«h y^imel H put and kept in motion. See Floats. 'Pj . he home or sustained on the surface of a fluid, to swim; to he buoyed uig.—Figuratively, to move with a light, irregular course. * “cOTer watm.P“’ to ovei-flow; to ^wateT'’’ '• -A“ything that floats on the Floated, flo -te'd, pp. or a. Overflowed, flooded ■ home on water.—In architecture, floated lath and plaster is the plastering ol thi-ee coats, respectively eaUed pricking up, floating, and flne stuff.-Floated wori is a PP'®‘C”“? made with a tool caUed afloat which IS a long n 3 e with a straight edge. ’ Floater, fla-ter, s. One who floats or swims. Floating, Jlo-ting, s. The act of being conveyed bv the stream, or resting buoyant or flat on the surface of the meadow?^ Ai«ia»id)-p, the watering or overflowing of buoyant on the water; swimming with the stream; conveying on water; overflowing; FLOATINGLI [ 403 ] FLOEIST notfixea; circulatins.—fVoaimg' battery, a vessel or vessels used as batteries to cover troops on landing on in enemy’s coast.-J’^eafin^ bridge, a bridge consisting ef logs of timber, with a floor of plank, suppoiied wholly by the water; a kind of double bridge, used for carrying troops over naiTOW moats, a large steam ferry-boat.— Floating dough, a moveable maclime for gcouring out channels and inlets.— Floating coUimeter, or intersector, an instrument used instead of a level or plumbline, in making astronomical observations at %eai.—Float% 7 i 9 harbour, a breakwater fonned of large masses of timber fastened together, and which rise and fall with the Floating Ught, a substitute for a Ughthouse, usuaUy consisting of a large heai^ boat or slilp moored on sunken rocks or shoals, with a Ught aloft, to warn mariners of danger. The teiro is also appUed to a hoUow vessel on shipboard, made In the form of a boat, with a reflector or lantern, for the purpose of saving those who happen to fall over board in the ni^'nt.-^Floating pier, a landing-place which rises and falls with the tide.— Floatuig screeds, in plaster work, are strips ^of plaster ranged and ad¬ justed for guiding the floating rule. Gloatingly, flo'-ting-le, ad. In the way bf floating. Floats, s.pl. The boards fixed on the pe^dle- wheels of steamers, and to undershot water-wheels, by which they act. Floatsam. See Flotsam. ^ FLO\T-sTONE,^ofe'-sfon€, s. Spon^form quartz, amine- ral of a spongy texture, which floats on the surfaoe of the water. . . ^ Floaty, a. Buoyant; swimming on the sur¬ face ; light. . 1 • j j. 4.-U.. fiok'-se, s. In botany, a term applied to the wooliy filamenis often found with the sporules of fungi, 01 the tribe Gasteromycetes, and likewise to the external filaments of the Syssace Florin, s. A British silver com, the tenth of a pound sterling, and worth two shillings, first mmted m 1849 , and now in general circulation. It w« originally made at Florence, and now circmat^ iK many continental countries, ranging in value fron one shilling and sixpence to two shillmgs and loui Fm)™8t, Jlo'-rist, s. A cultivator of flofvers; one sklilea FLOEOON [ 404 ] FLowiira i one who writes a flora, or an account of 3n flowers plants. •’order worked with flowers. FtoET SiYbort blossoming. the more subtle parts Is^fhe^n ®®P^rated from what is grosser.—Fios %rri is the name of a mineral, a variety of arraffonite FtoscuLAE, fios:-hu-lar, 1 a. in botany, an epithet ap- .1 plied to compound flowem consistmg of tubular monopetalous florets. ’ Floscule flos'-kule, s- In botany, a partl^ or lesser floret of an aggregate flower. downy or silky substance in the husks Plj ”1® ’ ? dord glass floating on iron in the toace, produced by the vitriflcatloS of oxides and earths , untwisted filaments of the finest sUk used m embroidery on satin, &c.-Floss-silk is an friferior l^d of silk from bad cocoons, raveillngs, &c., which SaS'e‘'/fabrii.^’’™ m making the ^exp;ns'iono?flo4m!"^""“'"^“’‘’ Ao^drlng; I' ^ ddbt, more especially applied to a fleet of Spanish ships which formerly sailed every year fi-om Cadiz to Vera Cruz ^ selto? on^riveTs.’ ^ ^be Plot ANT s. In heraldry, a banner I LOTATioN, fio-ta'-shun, s. The act of floating. FLOTE, 4 :^ofr, y.a. To skim. * ^T°ersels*■ *“^11 1“ goods lost by shipwreck, and floating on the sea. ’ ■'•I' 'd® throw about the limbs and Imdy , to struggle,^to move withjerks or agitation. — v.a. To deck \nth a flounce. Redden jerking motion of the body; a narrow SJffi. ? “tb sewed to a petticoat, frock, or gowm with the lower border loose and spreading “ Flounced, ^ounst pp. or a. Decked with a flounce ®;. A flat-fish, smaUer than the b^’but, and generally found m rivers near the 7° “ng the limbs and body, as in making efforts to move; to struggle ; to roU, toss, and tumble ^^aln ■^eai *' of ground corn or — V.a. To sprinkle with flour. 8 - A perforated tin case for sprinkling flour on meat, &c. ^ ^yUnder for dress- tot^flour’"^’ business of converting '•’0 tbrive; to grow luxuri- enlarge ; to increase in wealth of rol aZ.’ ? P™®P®'’; f? abound in the consolations langt&'e™ to‘“be^c'<;?io"ii a^nd^'fl^f ^‘“niaTe a^^ea^aSr^^ *“ ^ ^ ‘P brag”?? *^2 flowers or beautiful figures natui-al or artificial; to spread out; to eSm-ge’ ^ or irregular figmes to brandish, to embellish with the flowers of diction • to rhetorical figures ; to embellish ; to mark with a flourish or irregular stroke. ~amhitnS,T^„®P^®P‘*onr ; ostentatious embelUshment; mnbitious copiousness or amplification; parade of words and flg^es ; figures formed by bold irregiilw lines, or_ fanciful strokes of tlie pen or graver- a brandishing; the waving of a weapon or other thing -In music, the sounding of trumpets when receiving any olBcer or person of distinction; a prelude without nriLa®u ™ V uecorative notes sometimes added by a vocalist. Nourished, ^ur'-t'sAf, pp. of the verb to nourish. ikouRisHER, flur'-%sh-er, s. One who flomishes, or FiScifrU brandishes; one who adorns with ‘'ostenteSy’. flourishes; ^onfempt ’ ’’’b ™°''‘ ” '^fb ^ffh’JoFteu5t“® to sneer; to behave “ s. A mock ; an insult. FmotvS’ PP-^Treated with contempt. F LODTER, flour-er, 8 . One who flouts ■ a mockeV togr^P''^’ ./touf'-inp-ls, ad. With’flouting; ’insult 7'b’A 'fppp^er with water; to overflow; to Inundate stream of water or other fluid; a current - a stieam of anything; abundance; copiousness with action; a stream of diction; volubility; free expre^i^ OT communication of generous feekgs anS tonfr- P’’ s«t of flowing Plant wSre?ntalJs%ro%TsK^^^^^ of discourse or compositiou.-Me^™“i?cSe s?; us*.*" Eii flowers; flower-garden, a garden in -JrhiSn are chiefly cnlfivated’; fl^e7^e,Me ^ l]onf 771 amaranth; Jiower-inwoven, adorned ’with^ flnwpra^ "’“b garlanrof flowers!^: fo^, an eaithenware or china pot for holding flower horticultural dfsplav or of a ’ fio^’i^-^talk, the pediSjcll .T® blossom; to bloom; to expand the netals ■ to vLthtof & ®P.™S ?f life" to flom-ifh, to’ h^ vemnf ‘ b. and vigorous, to froth; to ferment V ? “ PPJPo-®? ®'’®P“ f™“ ‘be surface. ®™®P‘ “with iSit"^!^**' of flowers; to adorn s. The state of being in flower uo'u^'‘'P®®’ fi°^it-de-luse’, s. The iris, a genus of herbaceoM perennial plants; caUed, also flower. See Fuedr-de-iis. oaueu, aiso, jlag- Flowereb flou'-erd, pp. or a. Expanded into flowers ■ embellistied with flgures of flowera bowers, Floweret, flour'-et, s. A smaU flower; a floret FLO-ivER-HEAn.^ur'-Acd, S. In botany, the canitulum we'^sefsi^"'*® inflorescence in which all thFfljJvers’ Floweriness, flour'-e-nes, s. The state of heino f;.3v.bui“s'e‘„2“ "■“•-<5 /w, ; Jiowering-fern, the plant the plant Botomus ~-mg witVeX^b” ’ ^be act of adom- ^TScMfl^a^ton.''''*’ “■ b"-?®”® e. Destitution of s-pl- In old chemistry, the light substances raised by distillation, or the ftue bodies raised by fire in sublimation — ®“^b needle-llke forms produced from the combustion of antimony.— of svl phur, the detached crystalline grains whi^h collect to the receiver during the process of the subUraattoi, S co^on 8 ulphur.-Arn, pp. of the verb # a rLDATB.^u'-aie, 8. In cheymstry, a compound of acid with a Xia^Q.—Fluate of Ixme w a mineral, of which there are three varieues,—the compact, the crystallized, and the foliated. . FLUCEaiNB, fixi-ier-in, s. A Swedish mineral, the neutral fluid of cerium. ^ ^ i'LucTI^EB.otrs,^wA-^^/'-er-«s, a. Producing wav^. Fluctifraqous, Jiuk-tif'~ra-guSj a. Breaking the yyaves. ^ Flttctisonous, fiiik-tW-o-nxis, a. Haying the sound of waves; sounding like the ocean’s biUows. Flttctivagous, fink-tW-h-gue^ a. Floating on the waves. . Fluctuant, fluk'-tu-ant, a. Moving like a wave ; wavering ; unsteady. Fluctuate, v.n. To move as a wave, to roll hither and thither; to wave; to float backward and forward; to be wavering or unsteady: to be irresolute or undetermined ; to rise and fall; to expe¬ rience sudden vicissitudes; to vacillate, or scruple.^ Fluctuating, ppr. Wavering; rolling as a wave. , . . -a. Unsteady ; wavermg; changeable; .^v, s. Fluctuation, s. A mouon like that oi waves ; wavering; unsteadiness ; a rising and ta i l in g R11 d fi enl V Fluder, flud'-er, \ a. An aquatic fowl of the diver Fludder, flud'-der, J kind, nearly as lar;;e as a goose. Floe, s. A passage for smoke m a clumney ; Ught down, such as rises from beds, cotton, &c.; soft down, fur, or hair. , „ , * FLTJELi.EN,rtu-cl^"iiu, 8. The speedwell, a plant. FniBLLiTE,j?M'-e!-lite, s. The fluate of alumina. Fluency, ^w'-eu-se.s. The quality of flooring; smooth¬ ness of speech; readiness of utterance; iacihty oi words ; volubiUty; t affluence ; abundance. Fluent, fiew'-ent, a. Liquid ; flowing ; ready in the use of words; voluble ; smooth. ^ _L g. A. stream; a current of water; a variable quan¬ tity, considered as increasing or diminishing. Fluently, fiew' ad. With ready flow ; volubly . without hesitation or ohstructiou. ^ ^ . ,__ Flugelman, fiew'gl-man, 8. One who stands m front of a body of soldiers, and whose motions in the manual exercises they all simnltaneonsly follow. Fluid, a. Having parts which easily move and change their relative position without separation ; that may flow, as water, spirit, or air. — s A liquid, or any substance whose parts easily move and change tneir relative position without sepa- Fluidity, ) 8. The quality of being cap^lc Fluidness, j of flowing; that state of a body which renders it impressible to the slightest force ; a liquid state. . s. .o •.» Fluidize, v.a. To change mto a flmd. Fluke, s. That part of an anchor which f^tens in the ground; a flat-fish much like the flounder. Fluke-woryyx is a small flat worm, the Distoma hepcUt- cum, often found in the intestines of sheep, and other animals. , ^ ^ jt •, FLUKY,i2et4;''-Ae, a. Having the form of a nuke. FLUME,^eM?m, s. The passage or channel for the water that drives a mill-wheel. . Fluminous, Jieio'-min-us, a. Aboundmg with rivei^. Flummery, -me-re^ s. A sort of jelly made of flour or meal; anything insipid, or nothing to the purpose; flattery {vulgar). . , Flung, Jlimg, pret. and pp. of the verb to fling. hUU/ ). , pret. and pp. of the verb FLUNK:V',^uV-/ce,8. A term of contempt for a livery servant. , x Plunkyism, flun'-ke-izm, s. The character or quality of a flunky. i - « .u Fluobora.te, Jlu-o-bo' -Tate f 8. A compound of fluoDonc acid with a base.—F^uofeortc acid is a compound of fluorine and boron. , .r Fluo-phosphate, fiu-o-fo^-fatef s. A compound of fluoiic and phosphoric acids. Fluor, fiu'-or, s. A beautiful mineral, often crystal¬ lized, composed of fluoride of calcium, and usually called ; + menstrual flux.—Fluor albus, a disorder peculiar to females, consisting of an irregular discharge of impure mucid humour. Fluoric, a. Pertaining to or obtained from fluor .—acid has the property of corroi^g class and other silicious substances, it is obtained m the form of gas, by placing a quantity of fluor spar into a retort, and pouring over it an equal quantity of sulphuric acid, and applying a gentle heat. Fluoride, flut-or-id, s. A compound of fluorine with a F“?R^s,*’.^«'-or-in, s. A simple elementary gaseo™ hZy, in the form of a yellowish-brown gas. with the odour of Chlorine and burned sugar. Flvonou^flu'-or-us, a. Containing or obtamed from FmjosiLicATE.flu-o-siZ^-fi-fcGt®, 8 . A Compound of fluosi- udc Sid wife some base .-F!«os«ic acid is composed of fluoric acid with silex. , Flurried, .^ur'-rid, pp. Fut m agitation. Flurry, yiiir'-rc, s. A sudden gust of wind; commotion or hustle , _ — v.a. To put in agitation ; to excite or alarm. Flush, flush, v.n. To flow, and spread suddenly, to rush ; to come in haste ; to start; to become suddenly red ; to glow , to be gay, splendid, or beautifffl. — v.a. To redden suddenly ; to cause the blood to rush suddenly into the face ; to elate; to elevate ; to excite the spirits ; to animate with joy. _ — a. Fresh : full of vigour; glowing ; bright; . abounding flush of money; well furnished ; free to spend; prodigal; a flow of water, as m flushing a sewer) even or level in respect to surface.-A ^ mA deck, in a ship, is a deck with a continued floor , unbroken from stem to stem.—In binding, a. book is flush when the leaves are cut even with the covers. — s. A sudden flow of blood to the face ; sudden im¬ pulse or excitement; bloom; growth, abundimra, a run of cards of the same suit; a term for a number of ducks.—In masonry, a term to denote the comply bedding of masonry or brickwork, so as to leave no F , PP- or a. Overspread or tmged with a red colour from the flowing of blood to the face, elated or excited. ^ Flusher, flwiA'-er, s. The lesser hntcher-hird. Flushing, yiusA'-tny, S. A glow oi red m the face, a cutaneous eruption. _ « . .__ Flushinqly ad. In a flushing manner. Flushness, 8 . Freshness. Fluster, v.a. To make hot and rosy ; to heat , to hurry; to agitate. . a — v.n. To he in a heat or bustle; to be agitoted. — 8 . Heat; glow; agitation; confusion; disorder. Flustered,H eated with liquor ; ^itateav F-LVT 1 &, hute, 8. A smiiU wind instrument, with finger- holes and keys for producing the different notes; a furrow or channel cut along the shaft of a column or pilaster; a long vessel or boat, with flat nbs or floor timbers.—Armed exi flute, is said of a ship when part of her guns are taken out, and she is used as a transport. — v.n. To play on a flute. ^ ^ ^ — v.a. To form flutes or channels m a_ column; to form corresponding channels in the mu.slin of a lady 8 FLomD, flu'-fed, pp.ora. ChanneUed or furrowed, as on a column. SeeFLUTiNo.-Inmnstc, flue or flute-like; a term annlied to the upper notes of a soprano voice. Fluter, flu'-ter, 1 s. A performer on, or professor of Flutist, flu'-tM, j the flute; one who grooves oi channels metal. . __ Flute-stop, Jiutef-stop, 8 . _ A range of wooden pipe! in an organ, designed to imitate the flute. Fluting, fiu'-ting, s. Fluted work; a channel oi furrow in a column, or in the muslm of ^ ^ ruffle.—In architecture, the Doric column has twenty flutings round its circumference; wlule the Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite have twenty-four.—The machine is a goffering iron. -HvSnfra Flutter, Jluf-ter, v.n. To move or the wmga rapidly, without flying, or with short flights , w hover; to move about briskly, irregularly, great hustle and show, without consequence; to move with quick -vibrations or undulations, to vibrate, to undulate; to be in agitation; to move — v.a. To hurry the mind; to agitate ; to disorder. tc throw into confusion. FLUTTER [ 406 ] FOOILLATION Flcttbu, s. Q.uick and irregulax motion; vibration; undulation ; burry; tumult; agitation of the mind; confusion ; disorder; irreguiarity in position. fiut'-terd, pp. Agita’ted, confused; dis¬ ordered. Fluttering, fiut/-ter-itig, ppr. or a. Flapping the wings without bight or with short ^ghts. — 8 . The act of hovering or flapping the wings without flight; a wavering; agitation. Flutteringlt, jiut'-ter-ing-Uy ad. In a fluttering manner. Flutter-wheel, fiuf-ter-hweel, s. A peculiar sort of wheel connected with a water-roill. Fluty, a. Having the sound of a flute. Fluvial, yZw'-ue-flZ, i a. Belonging to rivers; Fluviatic, > growing or living in Fluviatile, fiu' -ve-^-tile,) streams or ponds. FLuviALisT,/Ztt'-ve-aZ-is^, s. One who geologically ex¬ plains phenomena by existing streams. Flux, Jiuksj s. The act of flowing ; the motion or pass¬ ing of a fluid ; the moving or passing of anything in continued succession; any flow or issue of matter; fusion; a liquid state from the operation of heat; that which flows or is discharged; $ concourse; confluence. —In pathology, an extraordinary issue or evacuation.— In hydrography, the Jinx and reflux of the tide is the periodical motion of the sea, wliich happens twice in tAventy-four hours forty-eight minutes.—In cAejwisiry and metallurgy, any substance or mixture used to promote the fusion of metals or minerals.—FZocA flux IS a term applied to a mixture of carbonate of potash and charcoal.— White flux is the name given when an equal weight of nitre is used. —t a. Flowing ; moving; maintained by a constant succession of parts; inconstant; variable. —T v.a. To melt; to fuse; to make fluid. Fluxation, fluks-a'-shun, s. A flowing or passing away, and giving place to others. Fluxed, flukst, pp. of the verb to flux. Fi.nxim'LVT'iy fluk-se-biU-e-tty The quality of admit¬ ting fusion. Fluxiblb, a. Capable of being melted or fused. Fluxilitt, tiuk-siV-e-te. s. The quality of admitting fusion ; possibility of being fused or liquefied. Fluxion, fluW-shun, s. The act of flowing ; the matter that flows.-FZwxfons is a department of mathematical mialysis, corresponding with the differential and integral ealcukis. 'PLvxiotiA.i.yfluk'-shun-aly i a. Pertaining to ma- Pluxionart, / theinatical fluxions. Fluxionist, fluk'-shun-ist, s. One skilled in fluxions. F'lvxiyv,X fluk'-siVy a. Flowing with tears; wanting solidity. ® FLuxDRE,t fluk^-shurty s. A flowing or fluid matter. Ply, v.n. ;pref. Flew, part. Flown. To move through the air by the aid of wings, like birds; to r^e in air; to move or pass with velocity or '•elerity, either on land or water; to move rapidly, in any manuer; to pass rapidly, as time; to part suddenly or with violence; to burst; to spring by an elastic foJue; to pass swiftly; to flee; to run away; to vibrate or play, as a flag in the vrind.—Tofly aty to rush or fail on suddenly.—Totn the facey to insult; to assail; to set at defiance.—To fly off, to separate or depart snddenly ; to revolt.— To fly open, to open suddenly or with violence.-Toy?y out, to rush out; to burst into a passion.—To let fly, to discharge; to throw or drive with violence.— To let fly the sheets, among sailors, is to let go suddenly aud entirely. •“ ya. To shun; to avoid; to decline; to quit by night; to cause to float in the air. — 8 . A dipterous or two-winged insect, of which there are various species, but more generally the common house-fly, of the genus —In a cross with leaden weights at the ends, or some other con¬ trivance to equalize the motion in the various parts of 1 a machine; that part of a vane which points and shows which way the wind blows; the extent of an ensign, flag, or pendant from the staff to the end thst flutters loose in the wind ; a light carriage.—In print¬ ing, one who takes the sheets from the press or machine. Fly-bane, fli'-bane, 8 . A herb called catch-fly. Fly-bitten, rtt- 6 iZ'n, a. Marked by the bite of fUes. Fly-blow, fli'-blo, s. The egg of a fly. Fly-blown, fli'-blown, pp. or a. Tainted with maggota. Fly-boat, fli'-bote, 8 . A light, swift kind of boat used on canals; a large, flat-bottomed Dutch vessel. Fly- cA.Tcs.EK, fli'-katch-er,s. In zoology, k name com¬ mon to many species of birds, which catch flies and other insects as they fly. Flyer fli'-e'i , s. One who flies or flees, usually written flier ; one who uses wings; the fly of a jack. —In architecture, a term applied to the steps m an ordinary flight of staii-s which are parallel to each other, as opposed to winding stairs, —A perfonner in Mexico, who flies round an elevated post.—Flyer, that part of a spiiming-macliine or wheel, which, with a rapid motion, spins the thread. Fly-fish, fli'-flsh, v.n. To angle with flies for bait. Fly-fishing, fli'-flsh-ing, s. Angling ; the art of angling for fish with flies, natural or artifleial. for bait. Fly-flap, fli'-flap, s. Something to drive away flies. Flying, fli' ing, ppr. Moving in air by means of wmgs; floating; waving. — a. Moving; suited for prompt motion.— The word is extensively applied as a prefix; thus. Flying-artillery, artillery trained to rapid evolutions. — Flying-bridge a bridge of pontoons; also, a large flat-bottomed boat, ^chored up stream, made to pass like a foiTy-boat from one side of a river to the oWxex.—Fhjing-buttrecs, a contrivance for strengthening the nave orcentj-i-l part of a G-othic edifice, when it rises considerably above the side aisles or Flying-camp, a cau’p or body of troops formed for rapid motion from one Pp 9 ^.^^ a phrase expressive of triumph.— a name common to those fishes wliich have the power of sustaining themselves m the Jiir for a time by means of their long pectoral pns.— Flying-jib, a sail extended outside of the stand¬ ing Jib.—FZyi/iy-purZy, in military affairs, a detach¬ ment of men employed to hover about an eneinv. _ Flying-pinion, the part of a clock having a fly or fan by wliich it gathers air, and checks the rapidity of the clock’s motion when the striking weight descends.— Flying-pinions, the rapid wings of a hiv6..~Flying- squirrel, a species of squirrel having an expansive skin on each side, reaching from the fore to the hind legs, by which it is borne up in leaping. — s. The act of moving in the air with wings ; flight. Fly-leaf, 8 . A leaf of blank paper at the be¬ ginning and end of a book. FLY-oRCHii, fli-or'-kis, s. The plant Orchis mucifera. Fly-powder, fli'-pou-der, s. An imperfect oxide of arsenic, wliich, mixed with sugar and water, is usod to kill flies. Fly-rail, fli'-rale, s. The portion of a table which is drawn out to support the leaf. Fly-shuttle, fli-shutftl, s. The shuttle impelled by the weaver. Fly-seecx, fli'-sptk, s. A name given to excreracu- titious stains of in.sect 8 , especially of the common house-fly. Fly-trap, flV-trap, s. A sensitive plant, called Venus's fly-trap. Fly-water, flV-waw-ter , 8 . A solution of arsenic, for poisoning flies. Fly-wheel, fli'-hweel, s. A wheel in machinery that equalizes iu movements, or accumulates pOAver for a very great instantaneous impression. Foal, jole, s. The young of the equine genus of quad¬ rupeds, and of either sex; a colt or filly. — v.a. or v.n. To bring forth a colt or filly ; to bring forth young, as a mare or a she-ass. Foal-foot, fole[-fut, s. The colt’s-foot. FCA.LING, foie'-ing, s. The act of bringing forth a colt. FtAM, fome, 8 . Froth; spume; the substance Avhich is iormed on the surface of liquors by fermentation or violent agitation, consisting of bubbles. — - v.n. To froth; to gather foam; to be in a rage ; to be violently agitated. — v.a. To throAv out with rage or violence. Foam-crested, fomef-kres-ted, a. Crested with foam. Foaming fomef-ing, a. Frothing or fuming. FoAMir.-*' T, fome'-ing-le, ad. Frothily. FoAMiiss, fome'-les, a. Having no foam. Foamy, a. Covered with foam; frothy For, fob, 8 . A little pocket for a watch. " I® impose on.—To/o 6 off, to shift off by an artifice ; to evade an eneagcmeni. Qi delude with a trick {vulgar]. Focal, fo'-kal, a. Belonging to a focus. See Focus. Focilt.ation,^/ o«-i7-Za' s/iun, 8 . Comfort; support. FOOOSO POLIO [ 407 ] Soooso, fo-}c€/-»o, ad. music, spiritedly; con foco, 6ime or played with spirit. rxvs, fo'-kus,s.; pl.rocrsESOrroci. in wluch any number of rays of light meet .after being reflected or refracted, the distance from the lens hemg called the focal distance.—\i\ come sections, a term ap¬ plied to certain points in the parabola, elhpse, and hyperbola, where rays reflected from all paits of these curvps conctir or inoGtcGDtrn.1 point. Fom Ju, fod'-der, s. Food or dry food for cattle, Worses, and sheep, as hay, straw, and other kmds of vege¬ tables.—In mining, a weight for lead and some othei metals, usually about 2,400 pounds. ^ — v.a. To feed vvith dry food or cut grass, &c., to furnish with hay, straw, oats, &c. Fodderer, fod'-der-er, 8. He who fodders cattle. FoDiEST.t fo'-de-ent, a. Digging ; throwmg up with a Spade. ■ . Fodina, fo-di'~nA, 8. The lahyriuth of the ear. Foe fo, 8. An enemy; one wlio entertains pei'sonal enmity, hatred, gnidge, or malice against another; an enemy in war ; one of a nation at war with another; an adversary; one who opposes anything m principle; an ill-wisher. —X v.a. To treat as an enerny. FoEHOOD,t fo'-hoodf 8. Enmity. FoB-LiKE, fo'-like, a. Like an enemy. Foeman ,t fo'-man, 8. An enemy in war. Fcenicueum, 8. (Lat.) A genus of plants, the fennel. . . ^ ^ , Fcetal, /e'-tai, a. Pertaining to the totus. I'cETiciDE, 1 . -1 (s. The act of Icillmg the foetus Feticide ! in the womb, or doing any- tliiiig by which criminal abortion is produced. Fcetor, fe'-tur, s. The fcctid efiiuvia arising from animal decomposition or putrescence. . Fcetus. i r t * f 8. The young of viviparous animus Fetus 1 I inutero, and of oviparous ones in the shell. In the first stages of gestation the young is called the embryo^ and when fully developed the Fo?,^/oo, 8. A dense, watery vapour near the surface of the land or water; a second growth of grass; long grass that remains in pastures till winter. — v.a. To over-cast; to darken. — v.n. To have powder. . Fog-bank, fog’-hunk, s. At sea, an appeariince m hazy weather, sometimes resembling land at a distance, but wliich vanishes as it is approached. Foqet. 1 ij, ( s. An imbecile, or stupid kind oi Fogy, j "f"'’ { fellow. ' FoggIge, fog'-gaje, s. Bank or coarse grass not mowed or eaten down In summer or autumn. Foggily, fog'-geMf, ad. Mistily ; darldy ; cloudily. Fogginess, fog'~oeiry, a certain number of syllables, constituting part of a verse.—Step; pace; the piu’t of a stocking or boot which receives the foot.— foot, or on foot, by walkinp-.—To set on foot, to originate; to put m motion.—Pooi has a vast variety of compounds; as, Foot-ball, a ball consisting of an inflated bladder, cased in-leather, to be driven by the foot; also, the sport or practice of kicking the foot-ball.—T^ooi-oanci, a band of infantry.-foo^-foarracfes, barracks for m- fantrv.—T’ooi-6ai7i, a pan in which to wash the leet.— Foot-board, a support for the feet.— Foot-boy, a. menial; an attendant in livery— Foot-breadth, the hi^adth oi the Xoot—Foot-bridge, a narrow bridge for foot-pas- Foot-cloth, the covering of a horse, reaching down to his heels —a cushion for the feet.—a conflict by persons on foot.—Toof- mjarrfs. guards of infantry.—a disease inci¬ dent to sheep.—T’oci-iron, or foot-plate, a step tor a Foot-mantle, a garment to keep the gown clean in riding.-J'hoi-^m#, a receptacle for the feet, lined with fur, &c., for keeping the feet warni m winter.— Foot-pace,a. slow step, as in walking; in a kiaht of stairs, a stair broader than the rest.—T^oot- jyad, a highwayman or robber on foot.— Foo^passenger, one who passes on foot; a pedestrian.—a narrow path or wmy for foot-passengers only.—Tooi- plough, a kind of swing-plough.—foo^-posi, a post or messenger that travels on foot.—T’oot-rope, the rope along a yard on which men stand when reefing or furlmg; also, that part of the boltrope to which the foot of the sail is sewed.—Thoi-roi, an ulcer in the feet of sheep.— Foot-rule, a rule or measure twelve inches long.—l^ooi-scraper, an iron scraper at an entrance-door, to remove the dirt from the leet bmo^’^ entering.— Foot-shackles, shackles for the leet. loot- soldier, a soldier that serves on foot.—Foot-stalk, in botany, a petiole ; a partial stem supporting the leal. —Foot-stcul, a woman’s stirrup.— Foot-stool, a stool tor the feet; that which supports the feet of one when siUins.—Foot-valve, in the steam-engine, a mlve placeS between the condenser and air-purnp.— waling, the inside planks or lining of a vessel over the floor-timbers.—J'oo^-^oflr«ler, a box containmg ^ tm vessel, into which hot water is put for warmmg the FooT^V.n. To dance ; to tread to measure or music ; to skip ; to walk—with it ; opposed to ride or Jly. — v.a. To kick; to strike with the foot; to spurn ; to settle; to tread; to add the numbers in a column, and set the sum at the foot; to add or make a foot. Footed, fut'-ed, a. Shaped in the foot. _ Footfall, fut'-faul, s. A footstep j a tnp or stimble. Foothold, fut'-hole'd, s. That which sustains the feet fircffiy ; that on which one may tread or rest securely. FootAot; fuf-hot, ad. Immediately ; a word borrowed Footing, fut'-^ng,%. Ground for the foot; that which sustains; firm foundation to stand on; support; oasis; foundation ; place ; stable position ; pennanent set¬ tlement ; tread; step; walk; dance; tread to measure; state; condition; settlement; a plain cotton lace, without ^ures ; t steps; road ; track. Footless, fwi'-Zes, a. "VVithout feet. F'ootlicker, fut'-lik-er , s. A mean flatterer j a syco¬ phant; a fawner. Footman, fut'-man, s. A soldier who marches and fights on foot; a menial servant; a runner; a servant in livery _ Footmanship, fut'-man-ship, s. The art or faculty of a runner. Footmark, fut'-mark, s. Mark of a foot; a track. Footprint, futt-print, 8. The impression of the foot. Foot-race, fut'-rase, s. A race or trial of swiftness m running between two jiedestrians.—Among the ancients, it was a gymnastic exercise held in great esteem. ^ _ Foots, futs, s.pl. Refuse or sediment, as at the bottom of an oil or snsrar cask. Footstep, fuf-step, s. A track; the mark or impression of the foot; token ; mark; trace ; vestige ; visible sign of a course pursued ; an inclined plane under a printing-press, intended to give power to the operator. . . ^ ^ Footstick, fuif-stik, s. In printing, a term allied to a beviUed piece of wood or iron placed at the foot of the page to lock up or secure the type. Fop fop, s. A vain man, of weak understanding and much ostentation ; one whose ambition is to gain admiration by shoAvy dress and pertness; a gay, U’ifling man ; a coxcomb ; a popinja)\ Fopdoodle,J fop'-doo-dl, s. An insignifioant feUow. Fopdi^q, fop'-ling,s. A petty fop. Foppery, fop'-pe-re, s. Affectation of show or import¬ ance ; folly; impertinence ; foolery; idle affectation, conceitedness. , , „ . , ■ _ Foppish, fop'-pish, a. Vain of dress ; finical ; making an ostentatious display of gay clothing ; vam ; iriiUiig; affected in manners. _ . ^ a. *• ^4 Foppishly, fop'-pish-le, ad. With vam ostentation o£ dress ; in a trifling or affected m^mner. Foppishness, fop'-pish-nes, s. Vanity and extravagance in dress ; showy vanity. . , _ a. Fop., fawr, prep. In the place of; as equivalent to; instead of; noting substitution; in exchange of; in the character of; toward; with the intention of going to; for the sake of; on account of; conducive to beneficial to; in favour of; leading or inducing to , noting arrival, meeting, coming, or possession toward the obtaining of; in order to the arrival at or possession of; against; in opposition to ; with a ten¬ dency to resist and destroy; by reason of; with respect or regard to; on the part of; through a certain space ; during a certain time ; in quest of; in order to obtain ; according to.—as a prefix to verbs, has usually the force of a negative or privative, denoting against; that is, before, or away, asiae. _coni. The word by which a reason is introduced of something before advanced ; because; on this accost that; properly, for that.—For as much, coinpounded forasmuch, denotes in regard to that, in consideiatiuu of.—Jor why, because ; for tliis reason. Forage, for'-afe, s. Food of any kind for horses and cattle, as grass, pastui’e, hay, corn, and oats ; the act of providing forage ; search tor provisions ; the act ol feeding abroad.— Forage-cap is a rough-made militaiy cap.— Forage-contractor, one who supplies horse pro- vender to the army. ^ . — v.n. To collect food for horses and cattle, by wandering about and feeding or stripping the coun¬ try ; to ravage; to feed on spoil; % to rove ; to wander far. . — v.a. To strip of provisions for horses, &c. - - , Forager, for'-a-jer, s. One who goes in search of tooQ for horses or cattle. „ . •_ Foraginq, for'-a-jing, ppr. or a. Collectmg prov^ions for horses and cattle, or wandering in search ot tood ; ravaging; stripping. — s. An mcursion for forage or plunder. Foramen, fo-ra'-men, s.; pi. Foramina. (Lat.) A small opening; a perforation. . Foraminated, fo-ram'-e-na-ted, a. Having little noies. Foraminifera, fo-ram-e-nif -er-&, s.pl. A family of very minute shells, consisting of one or more scries of chambers, united by a small perforation called a foramen. • 4. Foraminiferotjs, fo-ram-e-nif'-er-us, a. Pertaming to the foraminifera. „ , . , e FoRAMiNOTJs,i- fo-ram'-e-nus, a. Full of holes; porio- rated in many places , porous. Forasmuch, for-as-mutch', conj. In consideration 01 ; because that. See For. Foray,/ o'-ray, s. An irregular and sudden exciu’Sioa in border warfare. Forbade, faxvr-badef, pret. of Forbid. Forbear, fator-bare', v.n. ; pret. Forbore ; PP*. borne. To stop; to cease; to pause; to abstain; ..0 refrain; to hold one’s self from motion, or entermg on an affair; to be patient; to restrain from action or violence. — v.a. To avoid voluntarily; to decline; to abstain from; to spare; to treat with indulgence and patience to withhold. _ ^ Forbearance, fawr-ba'-rans, s. The act of avoiding shunning, omitting, or ceasing from ; ahstmenc^ long-suffering; lenity; command of temper; restrauA of passions; exercise of patience j indulgence towaro FORBEAEANT [ 410 ] FOEEBODIEaLY ment injure us; delay of reseutmeut of’ punlsh- Indulgent; forbearing, tereepts ’ «• One who Intermits or iil ^ ^ eeasing or restraining Irom action ; patience ; long-suffering. “ iORBE.iRiNQLY, fawr-ba'-ring-le, ad. In a forbeai’ing niauuer; with forbearance. a loiutaiing ioiiiuii. fawr-bid' y.!i.i pret. Forbade; pp. Forbid, 1 oRupDEN To bid or command against; to prohibit; “^“Jerdict; to command to forbear; to hinder; to — v.n. To utter a prohibition. IPP ora. Prohibited: hin- toRuiuDES,/aiiT-btdn, j dared; obstructed.—Aocftirf- Shaddock**’ applied to a species of citrus, or PoBBiDDAncE.t fawr-bid’-iians, s. Prohibition; com mand or edict against a thuig. ad. Jn an unlawful ^prohibited^^*’^ /ow-tid'ii.H<. 5 , s. A state of beiug /“W";-Md'-der, s. He or that wliich forbids 01 enacts a proliibition. PoRBiDDiNo fawr-bid’-ding, a. Kepelling approach; raising abhorrence, aversion, or dislike; disagreeable uuplei^aiit, or displeasing. oieeauie, — s. Hindrance; opposition. ioRBiDDiNaLY, fawr-bid'-ding-U, ad. In a forbidding manner. ® 8. Actiye power, or power that may he miglit, vigour, or energy ; mo- mentuni \ the quantity of power produced by motion, or the action of one body on another; that which causes an operation or moral effect ; compulssorr power, moral power to convince the mind; validitv ’ troops; an army or navy; destmy; necessity.—In law, any unlawful violence to material bodies. —£'xie/viai Jorces are those forces at given distances, as niaguetism and gravitation.— 3Ioral force is the power 01 acting on the reason in judging and determining.— ^ anything that moves or tends to move a body; thus, a force-pump is a syringe pump, with a solid pistou, and two valvi'S through which the water is forced. — v.a. To cause to do or to forbear by the exertion of a power not resistible ; to overpower by streii^^th ■ to compel, drive, or coerce; to cause to move; to draw or push by main strength; to enforce; to urge; to cpiiipel by strength of evidence; to obtain by force; to violate; to overstrain; to distort; to cause to produce ripe fruii prematurely.—To force from, to wrest from ■ to extort.—To force out, to ili-ive out; to compel to issue out or to leave ; to extort.—To force wine is to hue It by a short process.-To force plants is to urge t.ie growth of plants by artificial heat.—To force meat *s CO stun it. ™lence; ^to lay stress on; to strive; to put forth exertion. * ii‘rS diiven by Tiolence; urged, stormed; ravished. ~ a. Affected; overstrained ; unnatural. un‘i?m;m-2ily““''^''“^‘^''’ ‘‘‘‘‘ i cousti-ainedly; disTortfon.’ «• The state of being forced; ^ Ihipislled by Tiolence ; driven With force ; violent; impetuous. a,id“hi^M;fea”o?^d'' ^ Forceps, fawr'.-seps, s. (Lat.") A pair of pincers c*’ tongs.—In surgery, An Uisti-ument for extracting any¬ thing from a wound, ^ Forcer, foars'-er, s. He or that which forces, drives, or constrains; the instrument by which water is driven up a pump. Forcible, /oar'-sf?-6i, a. Having force or efficacy, as a punishment; impetuous; violent, strong, or powerful • ^ivmg forward >vlth force; effiij'acious; active; naving strength; acting with force ; containing force • acting by violence; done b- -- ^ - » J by force; suffered by force ■ Forcibleness, /oar'-se-6i-7ies, 8. Force- violence Forcibly, foar'-se-ble, ad. By ^olence m- forcA strongly; powerfully; with power o^ lnerW^ fm FoZivr^®'/’ witfi great strength"^’ '-‘T’ PP^’-'h’a- Compelling; driviiig- storming, ravishing; causing to lapen before thn natimal season; fining wine by a speearproceS neu Sbtt-damig, the art of raising plants flowers by^mlflcmf heat'^tif'^ natural on”’ Dy ^tmcial heat, thus, a hot-house is termed a plante^^™^ produce bottom h^at in forcing Forcino-pdmp, foarse'-ing-pump, s. A kind of niimn fhe^'wfte " ■P'f™ a side tube Sough mS FoRPii?. by the action of the piston. rORClPATEp, fawn'-se-pa-ted, a. Formed like a nair of pmcers, to open and inclose. ' Forcipation, fawr-se-pa'-shmi, s. The act of SQuee/inir menZ™®' Pmeers; formerly, a mode punish^ ■*■ P^ace in a river or other water where wad^nl *'eX“"“ “y “an or beast on foot, or by waaiiig^, a stream; a cuiTent. ’ • ^ ■ P^ss or cross a river or other watpi* h-ir wa?e^ b| wadlng^^ ^“ttaoZh orfolit^'"’ “'"T be waded or passed ^waded, PP- Passed through on foot. Fordo, ±/or-doc', v.a. To destroy; to undo; to ruin ’’Vb'- •^‘Ivanced; being or coming in advance nri,f, anterior; preZZJe prioi, antecedent; being in front or toward the far^* In namgation.fore and aft signifies from one end of the vessel to the other; len|thwise of tZ vrase 18 the cabin in the front part of the vessel, winch has inferior accommodation for nas »f general uTe hi compo“: tion, denoting priority of time or nlace or for tht most part; as fore-admonish, to admonish beforehand- fore-advtse, te counsel before the time of SZ fore’ a^iiddW- “^ege beforehand; fore-bow, the fore-part of a saddle, fore-brace, a rope applied to the fore'^vard a,m to change the position of the fore-saU ; /ore-iiot a end onf "bicii terminates the keel at tlm fore- f . P ; fore-hook, a piece of timber placed across ® 5 fore-meant in¬ tended beforehand; fore-mother, a female ancestor /oi-e-)ia«ie, the first name that precedes anotliCT- used afier’ “ and Joinery, the first plane SfrnF. 1 saw and axe; fore-possessed, holding formerly m possession prepossessed; fore-rank the first rank, the front ; jore-shrouds, the slirSs of a ship attached to the fore-mast; a strong rope reachnig from the fove-mast head of a shin snppnrt the mast; fore- tackle, the tacUe on the fore-mast of a ship ; fore- Wind, a favourable wind; fore-woman, a woman nlaced in authority. — The following are also of frequent 3’’®! «e>f-explanatory ■.-fore-col}fS^) ; fore-design ; fore-determine; fore-elder; fore-end; fore-feeling; fore-horse; fore- '^ootfi”'"’ ^°ro-meniioned; fore-notice ; fore-part; fore- -y ad Before, previously. Forearm, fore'-arm, 8. In anatomy, that part of the arm between the elbow and the wrist ^ To prepare for attack or resistance before the time of need. losisiauce Forearmed, fore-armd', a. Armed beforehand Forebode, fore-bode', v.a. To declare pr announce beforehand; to foretell, predict, or prognostieme ■ m futur™*^*^”*' * secret sense of something Forebodemen::, fore-bode'-ment, s. A presaginff ZostZ *■ forbodes; a prog- Forieoding, fore-bo’-ding, s. A prognostication. ^aclirtJnre^ir Pf “>■ rOEEOAST [ 411 ] POEESHADOW Forecast, fore-kas** v.a. To foresee ; to provide again^ j to scheme ; to plan before execution; to adjust, con¬ trive, or appoint beforehand. ^ — v.n. To form a scheme previously; to contrive beforehand. — s. Previous contrivance ; foresight. Forecaster, fore-ka^-ter ^ s. One who foresees or con¬ trives beforehand. ^ ^ Forecastle, fore-kas'tl, s. That part of the upper decfc of a vessel forward oi the foremast; the forward part of a merchant vessel, under the deck. i. i, „ FoRECH 08 EN,/o»*c-tc^ose'n,a. Pre-elected; chosenbefore- PoREciTED, fore-si'-tedf a. Cited or quoted before or above JPoRECLosB, fore-kloz^f v.a. To shut up ; to preclude , to stop; to prevent.—To foreclose a mortgag^er,iii law^ is to cut him off from his equity of redemption. Foreclosed, fore-kloze'd', pp. of the verb to foreclose. Foreclosure, fore-klo'-zhure, s. Prevention ; the act of foreclosing or cutting off the equity of redemp- FoREDO,-t fore-doe^ j v.a. To undo; to destroy. Foredonb, fore-dun' , pp. Destroyed. j Foredoom, fore-doom j v.a. To doom beforehand; to predestinate. — 8. Previous doom or sentence. ^ « Foredoor, foref-door j s. The door in the front of a house. Forefather, fore'-fd-thery s. An ancestor; a Pro¬ genitor ; one who precedes another in the line oi genealogy. ^ * Forefbelino, /ore-/eeZ' -in^, 8. Presentiment. Forefend, v.a. To hinder ; to fend off; to avert; to prevent approach; to forbid or prohibit; to defend; to guard; to secure. * Forefinger, fore-fin f -er , s. The finger next to t thumb; the index. Foreflow, fore-flow'y v.a. To flow before. Forefront, for^-frunt, s. The foremost part. Forego, fore-go', v.a. To forbear to possess or enjoy; voluntarily to avoid the enjoyment of f np ; to renounce; to resign ; to lose; t to go before, to precede Forbooeb., fore-geforehand. Foreground, fore'-grownd, s. The part of expanse of a picture which seems to lie before the figures. Foreguess, / ore-^ues', v.a. Xoconjectore. Forehand, fore'-hand, s. The part of a horse which is before the rider ; the chief part. — a. Done sooner than is regular; forw;Md. Forehanded, a. Early; timely; season¬ able; foimed in the fore-parts. ^ ^ Forehead,./ or'-Aed, s. The part of the face extends from the hair on the top of the head to the eyes; impudence; confidence ; assurance; audacious¬ ness. _ FoREHENDjtv.a. To seize. Fors^'^ldtng,-}' s. Predictions; ominous forebodiiigs; superstitious prognostications. Forehoods, frr'-/iwds, s.pl. In ship-hutldxng,'V q.Q most forward of the ship’s planks. ^ _ Foreign, a. Belonging to another nation or country ; not of the country in which one resides ; alien, extraneous, or remote; not connected; not to the purpose; adventitious; not native or natural^ Tti law, a foreign attachment is an attachment of the goods of a foreigner for the satisfaotion of a debt due to a citizen; or an attachment of the money or goods of a debtor m the hands of another person.— vlea, a plea or objection to a judge as incompetent to try tbe question, on the ground that it is not within his iurisdiction. ^ • Foreign-butlt, for'-in-bilt, a. Built in a foreign Foreigner, for'-in-er , 8 . A person born in a foreign country, or without the country or jurisdiction of which one speaks. ^ Forbignness, for'-in-nes, s. Remoteness; want of re- FoRSruDGE,/or«-yH£?;% v.a. To prejudge, to judge before¬ hand or before hearing the facts and proof.—In wtc, - ■ ' to expel from a court for mal-practice or non-appear¬ ance. ^ . , FoREjuDQMENT,/orc-Ju(i7'-wenf, s. Judgment previously formed. , _ , . , , ^ Forernow, fore-no', v.a. To have previous knowledge of; to foresee. Foreknow A3LE, fore-no'-&-bl, a* That may be fore¬ known. ^ , Foreknower, fore-nof-er, 8. One who fore-knows Foreknowledge, fore-noV-io, s. Knowledge of a thing before it happens; prescience. Foreknown, fore-noan^, pp. or a. Known before- 'Fon^^, for’-il, s. A bind of parchment for the coyer of bool^. Foreland, fore’-lmid, s, A promontory or cape ; a point of land extending into the sea; a headland. FoRELAT,/ore-Zcs^, v.a. To lay wait for; to entrap by ambush; to contrive antecedently. Foreleader, /orc-Zeed'-er, s. One who leads others. Forelend, jore-lend' , v.a. To lend or give beforehand. Forelock, /ore'-ZoA:, s. The lock or iiair that grows from the fore-part of the head; a flat piece of iron driven through the end of a bolt to prevent its drawing.— To take time by the forelock, is to seize an opportunity when presented. , , ^ ^ ^ Forelook, fore-looV, v.a. To look beforehand oi forward. _ , . . Foreman, fore'-man, s. The first or chief man; the chief man of a jury, who acts as their speaker; the superintendent of a workshop or other place of business. _ ^ . Foremast, fore'-mast, s. The forward mast m any vessel First in place; most advanced, Foremost, fore'-most, t first in dignity. _ „ ^ * 1 . i Forenoon, fore'-noon, s. The former part of the day, from the morning to meridian or noon. Forensal, /u-re/i'-sai, \ a. Belonging to courts of Forensic, fo-ren'-sik, i judicature , used in courts or legal proceedings.— Forensic medicine is the science which is applicable to the principles and practice of the different branches of medicine^ or to the elucida¬ tion of doubtful questions in judicial proceedings. _ FoRE-ORDAiN,/ore-ott’r-dr-^au-eZ, s. In law, a q^uit-rent. Forge, foarje, s. A foinace in whicm iron or other metal is heated and hammered into form; the manu¬ facture of metalline bodies. — v.a. To form by heating and hammering; to beat into any particular shape ; to make falsely ; to make in the likeness of something else; to fabricate, frame, or falsify. Forged, foarjd, pp. or a. Hammered; beaten into shape; counterfeited. foarje'-man, s. A superior kind of coach- smith, who has a hammerman under him. Forger,/ ore'-jer, s. One who makes or forms; on^ who counterfeits; a falsifier. Forgery, fore'-jer-e, s. The act of falsifying; the crime of counterfeiting; that which is forged or counterfeited. Fouget, fawr-gef, v.a.; pret. Forgot; pp. Forgot Forgotten. To lose the remembrance or* to let ge from the memory ; to slight or neglect. FOEG-ETPUL [ 413 ] FOEMEE Fouoe’ittjl, f(^r-gef-ful, a. Apt to forget; easily losing the remembrance of; immindful; negligent; heedless ; careless; neglectfiil; inattentive ; causing to neglect; Inducing oblivion ; oblivious. FoBf^iiTTFULLT, fawT-gtt*-friX-le., ad. In a forgetful manner. Forgetfulness, fawr gef-ful-nes^ 8. The quality of being apt to let anything slip from the mind ; loss of remembrance or recollection ; a ceasing to remember; oblivion ; neglect; neglh^ence; careless omission; in¬ attention ; heedlessnesG; carelessness. Foroetive,+ /ore'a. That may forge or produce ; inventive. Forget-me-Not, faior-gelf-me-not, s. A small blue flower, usually considered as the emblem of fidelity. Foroetter, fawr-get~tery s. One who forgets; a heed¬ less person. PoRGETTrNG,/aeor-^ei'-Cin^, 8. The act of forgetting; inattention. Foboettingly, /otor-^ei'-im^-Ze, ad. By forgetting or forgetfulness. Forging, forje'-ing, s. The act of beating into shape ; the act of counterfeiting. Fobgiva-ble, faivr-giv'-a~bl, a. That may be pardoned. Forgive, fawr-gW^ v.a.; pret. Forgave ; pp. For¬ given. To pardon ; to remit, as an offence or debt; to overlook an offence, and treat the offender as not guilty ; to remit as a debt, fine, or penalty. Forgiveness, fawr-giv'-iies, s. The act of forgiving ; the pardon of an offender ; remission of an offence or crime, or of a debt, fine, or penalty; willingness to forgive. Forgiver, fawr-giv'-eTy s. One who pardons or reimts. Forgiving, fawr-gi^~ing, a. Disposed to forgive; inclined to overlook offences ; mild, merciful, or com¬ passionate. Forgivinoness, fmcr-giv'-ing-neSy s. A disposition to forgive ; a forgiving act. llTolTrtr/aw^'goen ,} PP- to forget. FoRHAiL,t fawr-hal^, v.a. To draw or distress. ForinsecaLjV fawr-iiV-se-kal,di. Foreign; alien. Forisfamiliate,/ or-is-/d-mu'-e-rtte, v.a. To renounce a legal title to a further share of paternal inheritance. Fori8famii.ia.tion, /or-is-fd-mil-e-a'-shtm, s. In law, the renunciation of any title to a further share in a father’s estate. Fork, faivrk, s. An instrument consisting of a handle, and a blade of metal, divided into two or more points or prongs, as a table-fork^ pitch-fork, &c.— Fork-chuck is an append^e to a turning-lathe.— Forks, in the plural, the point where a road parts into two; and the point where a river divides, or, rather, where two rivers meet and unite in one stream. Each branch is called a fork. — v.n. To shoot into blades, as com; to divide into two. — v.a. To raise or pitch with a fork, as hay, to dig and break ground with a fork; to make sharp; to point. Forked, fawrkt, pp. of the verb to fork. — a. Opening into two or more parts, points, or shoots; X having two or more meanings. Forkedly, fawrk'-ed-le, ad. In a forked form. Forkedness, fawrk'-ed-nes, 1 s. The quality of opening Forkiness, fawrk'-e-nes, J into two or more parts. FokkheA.D, fawrk'-hed, s. The point of an arrow. Forkless, faivrk'-les, a. Having no fork. Forktail, fawrk’-tale, s. A salmon in his fourth year’s grow’th. {Local.) Forky, fawrk'-e, a. Forked; furcated; opening into two or more parts, shoots, or points. Fori.ay, for-la', V.a. To lie in wait for ; to ambush. FoRLiE-i for-li', v.n.; pret. Forlay. To lie before or in front of. Forlore^: fawr-lore', a. Forlorn. Forlorn, fator-lawrn', a. Deserted; stripped or de¬ prived ; left without resource; taken away ; desti¬ tute, abandoned, forsaken, or helpless.—In military matters, forlorn hope is applied to any desperate case, especially when a detachment of men is appointed to lead In an assault, or perform other service attended with uncommon peril. — 8. A forsaken or solitary person. Forlornly, fawr-lawrn'-le, ad. In a forlorn manner. Foblornness, f iwr-iawm'-nes, s. Destitution ; misery; a forsaken or wretched condition. Foaif, fawrm, s. The shape 9-t external appearance of a body; the conformation or makej the figure as defined by lines and angles; disposition of par¬ ticular things; model; draught; pattern; beauty; elegance ; splendour; dignity; regularity ; method . order; external appearance without the essential ^siajiTies; empty show; semblance; stated method, established practice ; ritual or prescribed mode ; cere¬ mony ; formality,; determinate shape ; likeness; image ; manner ; system, as of government; manner of arrangement; disposition of component parts; a long seat; a bench without a back.—In schools, a class ; a rank of students.—Something to give shape. —In printing, an assemblage of types, composed and arranged in order, disposed into pages or columns, and enclosed and locked in a chase, to receive an impression.—Essenfta? form is that mode of ejristence which cannot cease without destroying the existence of a thing. Form, v.a. To make or cause to exist; to create, to shape, to mould or fashion into a particular shape or state ; to construct; to plan; to scheme ;'to modify ; to arrange; to combine in a particular manner; to contrive; to invent; to make up; to frame ; to settle by deductions of reason; to combine; to unite individuals into a collective body; to establish; to compile; to consti¬ tute ; to make.—In grammar, to make by derivation, or by aflS.xes or prefixes. — v.n. To take a form. Formal, fawrm'-al, a. According to form; agreeable to established mode; precise, punctilious, or affected; strictly ceremonious; exact to affectation ; done in due form, or with solemnity ; express; according to regular method ; not incidental, sudden, or irregular; regular; methodical; having the form or appearance without the substance or essence ; depending on cus¬ tomary forms, having the power of making a thing what it is;constituent; essential; retaining its proper and essential characteristic , proper. Formalism, fawr'-mal-izm, s. A resting in mere exter¬ nal forms of religion. Formalist, fawrm-al-ist, s. One who observes forms • one who rests in external religious forms or cere¬ monies. Formality, /awr-mar-e-^e, s. The practice or observ¬ ance of forms; ceremony; mere conformity to cus¬ tomary modes; established order; rule of proceeding , mode ; method; order; decorum to be observed ; cus¬ tomary mode of behaviour, or of dress ; externa* appearance ; essence ; the quality which constitutes a thing what it is.—In the schools, the formal nature of an object, or that by which it is distinguished from another object. Formalize, t'/awir'-md-Zize, v.a. To model. —i- v.n. To affect formally. Formally, fawrm'-al-le, ad. According to established form, rule, order, rite, or ceremony; ceremoniously; stifliy; precisely; in open appearance; in a visible and apparent state ; essentially ; characteristically. Forma pauperis, faivr'-md paw'-per-is. (Lat."* A law phrase applied to a suit in forma pauperis, which is allowed to any person who has just cause of suit, but who is too poor to bear the usual cost of law charges. Formate, fawr'-mate, s. A salt composed of formic a/:id, and combined with a base. Formation, fawr-ma'-shun, s. The act of forming or cca'sing to exist; the operation of collecting things together, or of shaping and giving form ; generation ; production ; the manner in which a thing is formed. —In grammar, the act or manner of forming one word from another.—In geology, a single mass of one kind of rock, moie or less extensive, or a collection of mineral substances, formed by the same agent, under the same or similar circumstances. Formative, fawr'-md-tiv, a. Giving form; having the power of giving form ; plastic- Hence the forma¬ tive arts are those arts winch represent life by means of the forms naturally connected.—In grammar, serv¬ ing to form ; derivative.; not radical. — s. In'grammar, that which serves merely to give form, and is no part of the radical. Formed, faivrmd, pp. of the verb to form. FoRMEDON,t fatvid-ine~don, s. In law, an ancient writ o. right for a tenant in tail. Former, fawrm'-er, s. He who forms; a maker; planner. — a. Preceding another or something else in order oi time; prior, anterior, or previous; long past, as aj^Uet FORMERLY [ 414 ] FORTRIGHTLY to antiquity; near the beginning, mentioned before another. Formeuly, faiorm'-er-Uf ad. In time past ; either in time immediately preceding, or at any indefinite dis¬ tance ; of old; heretofore; anciently; in days of yore; in olden time. Formers, fawrm'-ers, B. In gunno'y, round pieces of wood fitted to the bore of a gun, whereon the car¬ tridge is rolled before it is sewed or fastened. Formful, fawmi'-ful, a. Ready to form; creative; imaginative. Formiate, faivrm'-e-ate, s. See Formate. Fortaic, fawr'-niik, a. Pertaining to ants; an acid ob¬ tained originally from red ants, but now formed by artificial distillation. Formicate, ftuvr'-me-lcate, a. Resembling or bearing some analogy to the ant tribe. Formication, faivr-me-ka'-shunf s. A creeping sensa¬ tion , resembling that made by the creeping of ants on the skin. Formicid.® fawr-mi^-e-de, s. A family of Hymenop- verous insects, of which the formica, or ant, is the genus. Formidabilitt, fawr-me-d&-hiV-e~te,) s. The quality of Formidableness, faior'-me-dd-bl-nes, f being formida¬ ble, or calculated to excite di’cad. Formidable, fator'-me-dCi-bl, a. Exciting fear or ap¬ prehension ; impressing dread; fearful, terribly or frightful; adapted to excite fear, and deter from approach. Formidably, fawr^-me-dd-ble, ad. In a manner to im¬ press fear. Formidilose, fawr-mid'^e~lose, a. Fearful, dreading greatly. FoR^Aim^ovB, fatcr-mid'-e-nus, a. Dreadful; impressing dread; formidable. Formless, a. Shapeless; without a deter¬ minate form; wanting regularity of shape. Formlessness, fawrm'-les-nes, s. The state of being without form. FoRMosiTYjt faior-mos'-e-te.s. Beauty; fairness. Formula, s. (Lat.) A prescribed form; a rule or model.—In medicine, a prescription.—In church a confession of faith.—In mathematics, a general expression for resolving certain cases or problems.—In chemistry, a term applied to the symbols representing the different substances. Formulary, fatvr'-mu-ld-re, s. A book containing stated and prescribed forms, as of oaths, declarations, prayers, &c. ; a book of precedents or prescribed fonns. — a. Stated; prescribed; ritual. Form^'lr, fawr^-mule, 8. A set or prescribed model; a formula. For'sica.t'e, faivr'-ne-kate, la. Arched; vaulted like Fornicated, fatvr'-ne-ka-ted, ] an oven or furnace. Fornicate, faw'r'-ne-kate, v.n. To commit lewdness, as an unmarried man or woman, or as a married man with an unmarried woman. Fornication, faivr-ne-ka’-shun, s. The incontinence or lewdness of unmarried persons, male or female; the criminal conversation of a married man with an un¬ married woman; adulteiy; incest; idolatry; a for¬ saking of the true God, and worshipping of idols; an arching; the forming of a vault. Fornicator, 8. An unmarried person, male or female, who has criminal conversation with the other sex; a married man who has sexual inter¬ course with an unmarried woman; a lewd person; an idolater. Fornicatress, fawr'-ne-ka-tres, 8. An unmarried female guilty of lewdness. Fornix, faivr'-niks, s. (Lat.) In conchology, the exca¬ vated part of a shell beneath the umbo.—In anatomy, a part of the corpus callosum of the brain; being a tiiangular lamina which extends into each lateral lentricle of the brain. Forp\ss,$ fawr-pas', v.n. To go by; to pass unnoticed. ForpinejJ fau'r-pine', v.a. To pine or waste away. FoRRAY,t faivr-ra', v.a. To ravage. — s. The act of ravaging. See Foray. Forsake, v.a.; pret. Forsook ; pp. Forsaken. To leave entirely; to depart or withdraw from; to quit, abandon, or relinquish. Forsaker, fawr - aa '- ker , 8. One who forsakes or deserts. Forsaken, /aicr-M'ftn, pp. ora. Deserted; abandoned; destitute. Forsaking, faxcr-sat-king, s. The act of desertli^, dereliction. Forsat,$ fawr-sa' To forbid; to renounce. ForslacKjJ fawr-slak', v.a. To delay. Forsooth, fatcr-sooih' , ad. In truth, in fact; cer¬ tainly ; very well. Forspend, fawr-spend' , v.a.; pp. Forspent. To ex¬ haust ; fo weary out. Forster,J fawr'-ster, s. A forester. Forswear, fawr-swaret , v.a.; pret. Forswore; pp Forsworn. To reject or renounce upon oath ; to deny upon oath.— To forswear one’s self, is to swear falsely; to perjure one’s self. — v.n. To swear falsely; to commit perjury. Forswearer, fatvr-sware'-er^ s. One who rejects on oath; one who is penured or swears a false oath. Forsworn ,/(2 tr'-toard-ed, pp. of the verb to forward. Forwarder, fawr'-ward-er, s. He that promotes or advances in progress; one who sends forward or transmits goods; a forwarding merchant.—In book¬ binding, a workman who forwards the boarding or rough part of a book. Forwarding, fawr'-tottrd-ing, ppr. or a. Advancing ; promoting ; aiding in progress. •*» 8. The act of sending forward merchandise, &c. Forwardly, fawr'-toard-le, ad. Eagerly ; hastily ; quickly. Forwardness, fawr' -ward-nes, s. Promptness, eager¬ ness, boldness, or confidence , eager desire for action want of due reserve or modesty ; a state of advance beyond the usual degree ; earliness. Forwaste,^ fawT-wast^ , v.a. To waste ; to desolate. FoRWEARYjii fawr-we'-re, v.a. To dispirit. Forweep4^ fawr~weep', v.n. To weep much. FoRwoRDjt fawr'-wurd, s. A promise. Forzando, fawrt-san'-do. (Ital.) In music, a word used to indicate that notes are to be boldly struck and continue* , Fossaoe,/ os'-saie, s. In law, a composition paid to be exempt from the repairing or maintaining the ditches round a town. ^ ^ Fosse, fos, s. In fortification, a ditch or moat.—In anatomy, a kind of cavity in a bone, with a large aperture. Fossil,/ os'-st7, a. Dug out of the earth; a term ap¬ plied to petrified forms of animals or vegetables dug out of the earth. — s. A substance dug from the earth.—In mineralogy and geology, a term designating the petrified forms of plants and animals which occur in the strata of the FossiLiFEROus, /Ds-se-;T/'-e?’-M5, a. Containing fossil or organic remains. Fossilification, fos-sil-le-fe-ka'-shun,'\%. The act or Fossilization, fos-sil-le-za'-shun, ) process of con¬ verting into a fossil or petrifaction. Fossilism, fos'-sil-izm, s. The science of fossils. ^ Fossilist, fos'-sil-ist, s. One who studies or is con¬ versant with the science of fossils. _ Fossilize, fos'-sil-ize, v.a. To convert into stone. — v.n. To be changed into a stone. Fossilogy, fos-sil'-o-je, s. A discourse or treatise on fossils; the science or fossils. Fossores, fos-so'-res, s.pl. A group of insects which excavate cells for their eggs in wood or the earth. Fossorial, fos-so'-re-al, a. Digging; burrowing. Fossulate, fos'-8U-late, a. Having long and narrow lines of depression like trenches. Fossway, fos'-wa, s. One of the four Roman military highways of England, leading through'the kingdom from Lincolnshire to Cornwall. Foster, fos'-ter, v.a. To feed ; to nourish ; to support ; to bring up; to cherish; to promote growth; to harbour or indulge; to encourage ; to sustain. — X v.n. To be nourished or trained up together. — 1 *^ forester. Fosterage, fos'-ter-aje, s. The cliarge of nursing. Foster-brother, fos'-ter-broth'~er , s. A male nursed at the same breast, or fed by the same nui’se, but not the offspring of tlie same parents. Foster-child, fos'-ter-tchile’d, ) s. A child nursed by Fosterling, fo^-ter-ling, ) a woman not the mother, or bred by a man not the father. Foster-dam, fok-ter-dam, s. A nurse; one that performs the ofidee of a mother by giving nourisliment to a child. Foster-earth,/ os'-fer-eriTij s. Earth by which a plant is nourished, though not its native soil. Fosterer, fo^-ter-er, s. A nurse; one who feeds and nourishes in the place of parents. Foster-father, fos'-ter-f'd'-ther, s. One who takes the place of a father, in feeding and educating a child. Fostering, ppr. or a. Nourishing, cherish¬ ing ; bringing up. , _ . — s. The act of nursing, nourishing, and cherishing; nourishment. Foster-land,L and allotted to the main¬ tenance of any person. FostermenTjiJ: fos'-ter-ynent, s. Food; nourishment. Poster-mother, fos'-ter-muth'-er, s. A nurse. Foster-parent, f os' -ter-pa'-rent , s. A foster father or mother. Fostership, fos'-ter-ship, 8. The office of a fosterer. Foster-sister, fo^-ter-sis'-ter, s. A female nursed by the same person. . t. Foster-son, fos'-ter-sun, s. One fed and educated, like a son, though not a son by birth. Fostrbss, fo^-tres, s. A female who feeds and cherishes a nurse. „ , , « Fother, s. A weight for lead &c., usually about 2,400 pounds. ^ ^ — v.a. To endeavour to stop a leak in the bottom of a ship, while afloat, by letting down under the bottom FOTHEEING [ 416 ] POX-CHASE a gaii filled with oakum, &e., to be sucked into the Pothering, 8. The operation of stopping leaks in a ship. Fol’ga.de, foo-gade', | s. In the military art, a little Fouoass,/ oo-yas', j mine, dug to defend or destroy a fortification by its explosion. Fought, farot, pret. and pp. of Fight. Foul, fowl, a. Covered with or containing extraneous matter, which is injurious, noxious, or offensive filthy ; dirty ; not clean ; turbid ; thick; muddy ; impure ; polluted; scurrilous; obscene or profane ; cloudy and stormy; rainy or tempestuc/us; defiling; wicked: detestable; abominable; unfair; not honest; not lawful or according to established rules or customs: hateful ; ugly ; loathsome ; disgraceful; shameful; coarse ; gross; full of gross humours or impurities; full of weeds.—Among seamen, entangled ; hindered from motion ; opposea to clear; covered with weeds or barnacles, as a ship’s bottom; not fair; contrary, as wind ; not favourable or safe for anchorage; dan¬ gerous.—7'o/nii!/ omZ is to rush on with h^iste, rough force, and uns«^asonable violence ; to run against.— The word has a variety of compounds ; ^i^foid-anchor, a term applied when the cable has a turn round the ivnchor; fonl-Jaced, having an ugly or repulsive visage ; foul-feeding, feeding grossly; foul-mouthed, using language scurrilous, opprobrious, obscene, or profane, uttering abuse, or profane or obscene words, accustomed to use bad Tankage; foul-proof, in printing, an uncorrected proof-slip, badly com¬ posed typography; foul-spoken, using profane, scur¬ rilous, or obscene language. — v.a. To make filthy ; to defile; to daub; to dirty ; to bomire; to soil. Foulard,/ oo'-^rtrd, s. A land of silk material for ladies' dresses ; a silk kerchief. Fodlder4 fowl'-der, v.n. To emit great heat. 'Fovli.y ,foiol'4e, ad. Filthily; nastily; hatefully; scan¬ dalously ; dis^acefuliy; shamefully; unfaii'ly; not honestly. Foulness, fowl'-nes, 8. The quality of being foul or filthy ; filthiness ; defilement; the quality or state of containing or being covered with anything extraneous which is noxious or offensive ; pollution ; impurity ; hatefulness; atrociousness; abominableness ; wicked¬ ness; ugliness; deformity; unfairness; dishonesty; want of candour. Foumart, s. The pole-cat. TovsB,foiond, pret. and pp. of the verb to find. — v.a. To lay the basis of anything ; to set or place, as on something solid, for support; to begin and build; to lay the foundation, and raise a superstructure ; to set or place; to establish ; to institute ; to give birth to; to originate ; to set; to place; to fix firmly.—(Fr. fonder] To cast; to foim by melting a metal and pouring it into a mould. Fc'jNDATioN,/ow7i-rfa'-s?iMn, s. 'The base of an edifice; that part of a building or structui’e which rests on the ground; the act of fixing the base; the base or greundwork of anything, as of a government; ori¬ ginal; rise; origin, as of the world; endowment; a donation or legacy appropriated to support an institu¬ tion ; establishment; settlement; institution. Foundat'oner, fown-da'-shun-er, s. One who derives support f^’orn the funds or foundation of a college or great school. Foundationle<«, fown-da'-shtin-les, a. Having no foundation. ■^'ovuDED, foio7i'-dcd, pp. of the verb tofo^ind. -■’ouNDER, fown'-de', s. One who founds, establishes, and erects, or who Kys a foundation; one who begins, or from whom anything originates ; one who endows or who furnishes a penuanent fund for the support of aninstitution.—(Fr. fondeur.) A caster; one who casts metals. — v.n. (Ft. fondre.) In nautical language, to fill or be filled with water and sink, as a ship; to fail; to mis¬ carry ; to trip ; to fall. — v.a. 'To cause internal inflammaUon and great sore¬ ness in the feet of a horse. Foundered, pp. or a. Sunk in the sea, as a ship; made lame in the feet by inflammation. Founderous, a. Failing; liable to sink from beneath; ruinous. Founderv,! f®- The house and works oc- — ^ j jvwn -c*rc, ^ cupied in casting metals. The art of casting or forming Foundry. Founding of melted metal any article according to a given design or patterft. Foundling, s. A deserted or exposed in* fant; a child found without a parent or owner.-* Foundling hospital, a hospital for the care of found¬ lings. Foundress, /oifjn'-rfres, 8. A female founder; a woman who founds or establishes, or who endows with a fund. Fount,I s. A spring or source of water, Fountain, /oMJw'-iam, 1 issuing of water from the earth; a small basin of springing water; a jet; a spouting of water; an artificial spring; the head or source of a river; original; first principle or cause- the source of anything. Fountain-head, fown'-tin-hed, s. Primary source; ori¬ ginal ; first principle. Fountainless, fown'-tin-les, a. Having no fountain; wanting a spring. Fountful, a. Full of springs. Four, /ore, a. Twice two. Fourbe, /borbe, s. (Fr.) A tricking fellow ; a cheat. Fourbisseur, foor'-ois-sure, s. (Fr)} A sword-cutler. Four-edged, /ore'-erf/rf, a. Having four edges. Fourfold, fore'-foald, a. Four double; quadi-uple • four times told. * Four-footed, fore'-fut-ted, a. Quadi-uped ; having four feet. Four-handed, fore-hand'-ed, a. Quadi-umanous, or having four hands. Four-legged, fore-legd', a. Having four legs. Fourling, fore'-ling, s. One of foui' children bom at the same time. Fourneau, foor'-no, s. In military engxneerxng, the chamber of a mine in which the chamber is lodged. Four-nooked, fore'-nookd, a. Four-cornered. Four-poster, fore'-poste-er, s. A large square bed¬ stead, with upright pillars at each corner. Fourrier,$ foor'-re-er, s. (Fr.) A harbinger. Fourscore, fore'-skore, a. Four times twenty; eighty. Four-square, fore'-skxcare, a. Having four sides ani four angles equal; quadrangular. Fourteen, ford-teen, a. Four and ten ; twice seven. Fourteenth,/ ore'-imiiA, a. The ordinal of fourteen, the foui’th after the tenth. — s. In music, the octave of the seventh. Fourth, foarth, a. The ordinal of four; the next after the third. — s. In music, an interval composed of two tones and a semi-tone. Fourthlt, foarth'-le, ad. In the fourth place. Fourth-rate, foarth'-rate, s. A vessel oi war can-ying fifty guns or upwards. Four-wheeled, ford-hweeld, a. Having or running on four wheels. Fouter4 foo'-ter, s. A despicable fellow. Foutra,:|: foo'-trd, s. A fig ; a scoff. Fouty, foo'-te, a. Despicable. Foveate, fo'-ve-ate, ) a. Having little depres- Foveolated, fo'-ve-o-la-ted. j sions or pits. Fovilla, fo-vil'-ld, s. (Lat.) A fine substance, imper¬ ceptible to the naked eye, emitted from the pollen of flowers. Fowl, fowl, s. A flying or winged animal; a bird generally of the larger domestic kind, as capons, geese, ducks, turkeys, pheasants,pai-ti-idges,&c.— IS used as a collective noun; as, we dined on fish and fowl. — v.n. To catch or kill wild fo wls for game or food. Fowler, fowl'-er, s. A sportsman who pursues wild fowls, or takes or kills them for food. Fowling, foioV-ing, 8. The art or practice of catching or shooting fowls or birds ; falconry. Fowling-piece, foiol'Ang-peece, s. A light gun for shooting fowls or birds. Fox, foks, 8. A well-known animal, of the genus Vulpis, with a straight bushy tail, yellowish or stmw- coloured hair, and erect ears, remarkable for cunning, a sly, cunning fellow.—In nautical langxtage, a sm^l strand of rope, made by twisting several rope-yarns together. —X v.a. To intoxicate; to stupefy; to make sour; to entrap or ensnare. — v.n. To turn sour during the process of fermen¬ tation. Fox-case4 fokd-kase, s. The skin of a fox. Fox-chase, fokd-tchase, 8. The pursuit of a fox with hounds. POXESY [ 417 ] PEMCISOAIf Foxeet 48. Behaviour like that of a fox; sljmess. Fox-evil, foks-e’vl, 8. A disease in which the hair falls off. Foxglove, fokg'-gJuVy 8. A handsome plant, digitalis purpxrea, whose leaves are used as a powei'ftilly seda¬ tive medicine. Foxgrape, foki/ grape, s. The vitii labrusca. or wild vine Fox-HoDi«ii,/oA:#'-/»oM7?id, s. A hound for chasing foxes. Fox-hunt, fok^ hunt, s. The chase or hunting of a fox Fox-hunter, foks'-hun-ter , a. One who hunts or pursues foxes with hounds. Fox-hunting, foks'-htm~ting, s. The employment of hunting foxes. — a Pertaining to or engaged in the hunting of foxes. Foxish, foks'-xshf ) a. Resembling a fox in qualities; Fox-like, ) cunning. Foxrhip, fobs'-ship , The character or qualities of a fox, cunning. F«xtail, foks'-tale. s. A species of grass, the alope- curus. Fox-tailed, fok^-tale’dy a. Resembling the tail of a fox. Fox-trap, fok^-trap, 8 A trap, or a gin or snare, to catch foxes Foxy, foks'-e, a Pertaining to foxes ; wily ; an epithet applied to paintings, articles of dress, &c., which have a dun, tadt'd, or fox-like colour. Foy,^: foy, 8. Faith; a feast given by one who is about to leave a place. FoTLE,t foyl, V a. To foil or defeat. FoYSONs,t/.i'-sons, s.pl. Provisions in abundance. Fracas, /ra-*a', s. (Fh:.) An uproa a noisy quarrel; a disturbance, a brawl. FRACHESj^a'-s-'ies, 8. In the glass trade, the flat iron pans into which the glass vessels, already formed, are put into the lower oven over the working furnace. F'k.kcid, fra'-sid, a. Over-ripe ; rotten from ripeness. Fract,$ v.a. To break ; to violate, to infi’inge. Fraction ,/raA'-sAT-eed'-man, s. A man who has been a slave and is manumitted. Freedom, free'-dom, s. A state of exemption from the power or control of another ; liberty ; independence ; exemption from slavery, servitude, or confi.nement; particular privileges; franchise; immunity; power of enjoying francliises; exemption from fate, necessity, or any constraint, in consequence of predetermina¬ tion or otherwise; any exemption from constraint or control, ease or facility of doing anytliirm; frank¬ ness ; boldness ; licence ; improper familiarity ; viola¬ tion of the rules of deconim. Free-pooted, free-fut'-ed, a. Not restrained in march- ing. Fkee-itearted, free-hdr'-tedf a. Open; frank; unre¬ served , liberal; charitable , generous. Free-heartedly, free-h'dr'-ted-le, ad. In a free-hearted manner. Free-heartedness, free-hdr'-ted-nes^ s. Frankness ; openness of heart; liberality. Freehold, free' hoald, 8. That land or tenement which is held in fee-siraple, fee-tail, or for term of life. Freeholder, fre.^-hole-der, %. One who owns an estate in fee-simple, fee-tail, or for life; the possessor of a freehold Free-liver, frec-liv'-er, 8. One who eats and drinks abundantly. Free-living, free-Hv'-inffp s. Full graiifieation of the appetite. Freely, ad. At liberty, without vassalage, sia-veiT. or dependeoce; voluntarily, spontaneously, or wimngly , without r«i8tTa-int, oonstraint, or com- pul^en ; in abundance; without scruple or reserve ; without impediment op hindrance; without neceasity, or compulsion from divine predetermination . without obstruction, eonstrainl, or persuasion; with Uberolity; gratuitously, of free-will or grace, without puichase or consideration FRBRjdAN freF s. One who enjoy* liberty, or who is not sali^ect to t^e will of another, <«ie not a slave or vassal , one who enjoy* or Is entitled to a franchise or peculiar privUogs. , ^ ^ . Prebm A 80 W, free ma'sn, s. One of an aneient and ^cret association or fraternity, said to have been at first Com{>OT.ed of masons, or boilder* in stone, but now counting of persons who are imited tor social enjoy* meat and mntual aesistanec. . , ^ . Frbbmasonry, free-ma'sn-re, s. That which belongs to the fraternity of freemasons. Frbx-mimubb. free-niine'-ded, a. Not perplexed, free fn-m care. Frekwbsb, free'-nes, s. Th* state or quality of bein„ free, anooostrained, unoonfined, uiicncujiibejred, or unobstructeo , openness , unreelvednees , ness, ingenuouBiiess. candour. liberality; geneixislty ; gratuitousness FRV.rsn,free'-er,s. One who gives freedom. Frb*-8choou, free'-skool, g. A school supported by funds, &c., in which pupils arfe taught without paying for tuition; a school open to admit pupils without restriction . Freb-socaob, free~eok'-aje^ s. Common socage; free tenure of lauds. , , Free-sfoxbn, free-epo'kn, a. Accustomed to speak without reserve. PREByruNE, freestone, 8. Any species of stone com¬ posed of sand or grit, so called because it is easily cut or wrought. . . pRBB-THiNxER,s. A milder name for a deist; one who usually discards revelation. FRBB-THtNK.iNG, free'■ thvik-ing, s. Undue boldness of speculation; unbelief — a. Noting undue boldness of speculation; scep¬ tical. Freb-tonoded, fre^-tmigd, a. Speaking without re- serve. Free-trade, fre^-trade, s. In poiitieal economy, the liberty of unrestricted trade with other countries; or the free exchange of commodities. Free-WARREN,/ r««-u’ar'-ren, s. A royal franchise, or exclusive right of killing l>ea8ts and fowls of wan'en within certain limits. Free-will, free-ieiU', s. The power of directing our own actions, without restraint by necessity or fate, voluntariness, spontjuieousness. — a. Spontaneous. Free-WOMAN ,free'-u)u)n-u}i, s. A woman not a slave. Freeze, freeze, v.n,; pret. Froze; pp. Frozen. To be congealed by cold ; to be changed from a liquid to a solid state, by the abstraction of heat; to be hardenfrd into ice or a like solid body; to be of that degree of cold at which water congeals; to chill; to stagnate, or to retire from the extreme vessels, as the blood ; to be chilled; to shiver w’ith cold; to die by means of LOiU. — V.a. To congeal; to harden into ice ; to change from a fluid to a solid form by cold, or abstraction of heat, to kill by cold ; to chill; to give the sensation of cold and shivering. Freezing, freezf -ing, s. The process or state of congeia • tion.—lVeeaw^ mixture consists of two or more sub¬ stances, as of salt and snow, but usually of a solid and a fluid, which, in uniting, absorb heat from con¬ tiguous bodies, and thus produce intense cold.— Freezing point is that point of a thermometer at which fluids begin to freeze, applied particularly to water, whose freezing-point is at 32° of Fahrenheit’s thennometer. Freight, /raie, s. The cargo, or any part of the cargo, of a ship; lading; load; burden; that which la carried by water; tmnspoi’tation of goods, the lure of a ship, or money charged or paid for the trans¬ portation of goods.— Freightage Is sometimes used. — v.a. To load with goods, as a sltip or vesKcl of an; kind, for transporting them from one place to another to load, as the Durden. Frxiohtrd, pp. Loaded, as a ship or \essel. Freighter, /ra’-^er, 8 One who loads a sliip, or one who charters and loads a ship. FBBioHTLK«8,^afr' ies, a. Do^tute of freight. FBBK,t fren,6. A stranger. FEESCH [ 420 ] PEIAR’S-LAl^TEEF ; BsKcn,a. Pertaining to Prance or its inha¬ bitants. — a- The langua£:e spoken by the inhabitants of France The word is also frequently u.sed in com¬ position . a*- Frrtirh A^i.a musical wind instmnient made of raetaJ. which hai- a range of three octaves, ‘»nd is capable of producing n.>tet» of great sweetness —French hernes, the fruit of the Rhamnus caf-harricus, aBed in dyeing.—French rhalk, a hardened taJc, of a pearly •♦'hite or greyish oolour, used in drawing lines — Fre*r-‘, casemen », windows fu-ning upon two ver¬ tical gee attached to the jambs.—FrcucA 6^ an, the coiniuon dwaif beaji, comprehending the scarlet and white runners — marigold, an annual coin posite plant, one of the floral favourites of our gar-hMis - honeysuckle^ the p'ant He.dgsarum coranartxim.—French willow, the Epilnhrum aitgnsti fohum of Linnaeus There are, also, French mush rooms, French *<, fre-kwent*-ed, pp. or a. Often visited. I'REaPKNTBR, fre kwentf-er, s. One who often visits, or resorts to ctistoiiiarily. l*RBcjrBWTt-Y, fvF-kwent-le, ad. Often; oft, ofttimes; oftentimes; many times; at short interwais; com¬ monly PaBoPKWTWBse.^e'-AfM'efif-fw*, g. The quality of being frequwit or often rei)eated. l''T;RscADB8,/re#'-/s<»d«5, 8.pl Oool walks; shadv places. L'RKsco,/rej'-Ao, 8. Coolness; shade - a cool, refreshing state of tdie air, duskiiie^; a pK'iture not drawn in glaring light, but in dusk; a method of painting on walls pertormod with wntcr-colours on fresh plaster, or on a wall laid with mortar not yet ^y; a cool, refreshing liquor. Fresh, fresh, ^ Moving with celerity; brisk, strong, ’vigorous, or unimpaired; somewhat vehement, as'a bi'ceze . having the colour and appearance of young, Ihiifty plants; not impain'd or faded , recently grown ; not impaired bv time, not forgotten or obliterated; not salt. recently from the well or spring , pure and cool, not warm or vapid; In a state like tliat of recent growth, having new vigour; sweet, in a good state, not staio.— Freeh-way is the increased velocity of a vessel. Fresh BWWK,fr«sV-6/on«, a. Kewly blown. .1‘R.a.sHBM, v.a. To make fresh; to dulcify; to separate, a* water from saline particles ; to take salt¬ ness from anything.—In seamen's language, to apply new servire to a cable. • v.n To grow fresh ; to lose salt or galtneas ; to grow brisk or strong. PuKSHKHBB, fresh'i^d, pp. of the verb to freshen. FasanEs, fresh'-es, g.pL The mingUng of freih water i with salt water in rivers or bays ; a flood; an over- flowing , a» inundation , a freshet. Freshet, fresh'-et, s. A flood or overflowing of a river by means of heavy rains or melted snow , an inunda tion , a stream of fresh water Frksh-lookinu, fresh-look' ing, a. Apnearinff fresh. I Freshly, fresh' le, ad Newly , in the mrmer state re¬ newed , in a new or fresh state ; witn a healthy look; ruddily , briskly . strongly , coolly Freshman, frcsti man. s., pi Frfsmmen A novice; one in the rudiments of knowledge a student his first yeaj‘’8 residence at the fniver-ity Freshmanship, fresh' man-ship, s The state of a fre..slim:iD Freshness, fresh'-nes, 8. Newness, vigour, spirit: liveliness . the contrary to a faded state . newness oi strength, renewed vigour, opposed to weariness or fatigue, coolness, invigorating quality or state, colour of youth and health . ruddines.s. fri'edorn from saltness, a new or recent state or quality; rawmess; briskness, as of wind Frkshn w ,4 fresh*-new, di Itnprai^tist'd. FEt:aH-WATER, fresh'-tvaxo-ter, a. Accustomed to sail on fresh water only, or in the coasting trade; raw; nnsk illed Fresh-watered, a. Newly watered; supplied with fresh water. Fret. /r«f, v.a To rub ; to wear away a substance by friction ; to corrode . to gnaw , to eat away . te im¬ pair . to w'car away, to form into raised work, to variegate, to diversify; to agitate violently, to disturb . to make rough ; to cause to ripple ; to tease; to irritate; to vex ; to make angry ; to chafe; to gall. — v.n. To be worn away; to be corroded, to eat or wear in , to make way by attrition or corrosion ; to be agitated . to be in violent commotion . to be vexed; to be chafed or irritated, to be angiy ;.to utter peevish expressions. — s The agitation of the surface of a fluid , a rippling on the surface of water . small undulations continu¬ ally repeated, agitation of. mind , commotion of temper; initati'm . vexation , ill humour, a frith of the sea. - In -oustc, fee's are certain short pieces of wire fixed on the finger-board of guitars, Ax., under and at right angles to the strings.—In architecture, an ornament consisting of small fillets intersecting eacli other at right angles. —In heraldry, a bearing com¬ posed of bars crossed and interlaced. Fretful, fret'-ful, a. Disposed to fret, in a state of vexation, ill-liumourod , ill-natured or irritable. Fretfully, fret'-ful-If, ad. Peevishly ; angrily. FTiBTFrLNEss,/rie of the bank of a river, where ore stones, mingled with rubbish, are deposited. Fretted, fret'-tea, pp. or a. Eaten ; conxNied ; nibbed or worn away Fretten, fret'tn, a. Rubbed ; marked; marked with the sm.sll-pox. Frrtter, fret'-ter, s, That which frets. Fretting, fret'-ting, ppr. or a. Corroiing; wearing away; agitating. — 8. A state of chafing; vexation ; peevishness. Frhttt, freF-te, a. Adorned with fretwork. Fretwork, freF-wurk, s. Raised work ; work adorned with frets. Friability, 1 8. The quality of being Priablenbss, j easily broken, crumbhjd, and reduced to powder. Friabli, fri’-A-bt, a. Easily crumbled or pulverized: easily reduced to powder. Friar,». An appellation common to the monks of all orders, generally distinguished into four pcin- cipal branches,—G-rey Friars or Franciscans. Augus- tines, Domiaicans, and White Friars.—In a restricted lenM.amonk who is not a priest.—In ;>Wnird, the local name of an AustiaJian bird belonging to the family Melphagidce. Friar-like, /n ur like, a. I^lke a friiir; monastic: unskilled in the World FriAK’ s-LANTERN, fti'-urs loti'-Um, a. The wn^t fatuus. FRIAELY [ 431 ] FBISKAL 'FttiA.RLT, fr^-ur-U, a. Like a friar; untaujtht in the affairs of life Fri*.ri, A»^-wr-e, 8. A monastery ; a convent of friars. — a Like a friar, pertaining to friars.—In printing, a term applied to faintness or impression where the ink has not been properly distributed FaiATiow,/ri-fT »hu>i, 8. The act of crumbling. FaiBBLE, a ^ivolous , trifling; silly. — 8 A frivolous, contemptible fehot^^. — v.n To trifle, also, to totter. raiBBLBR,/rt7/-Wer, 8 A trifler. Faisrao See Fra.nk-pledoe Fricace4 frik'-ane. 8 Meat sliced and dressed with strong sauce. also, an unguent prepared by frying things together. PRiCA.NDEAn ./rifi'-an do, 8. (Fr.j A slice of veal larded and stewed. Frica-ssee, 8. (Fr.) A dish or stew of food made by cutting cUckens, rabbits, or other small animals into pieces, and dressing them in a frying- pan. or a like utensil — v.a To di-ess in fricassee. FaicA.s8EED,/WA. d seed', pp. or a. Dressed in fricassee. FRrc\TioN.4 fre ka' shun s. The act of nibbing; friction. Friction, s. The act of rubbing the surface of one body against that of another , attrition.—In mechanics, the effect of rubbing, or the resistance which a moving body meets with from the surface on which it moves. Thus, hiction-halh are a mechanical contrivance for moving heavy weights round a centre, as in cutting a block of marble.— Friction-clutch is a method by which machim-ry is put in and out of gear. — Friction-cones are a coutrivance for disengaging and re engaging machinery, without experiencing the sudden jolts to which it is subjected by other modes.— Friction-rollers are ^mall cylinders fixed between the axis on which a pulley turns and the pulley itself, the hollow axis of the latter being made larger in order to receive them. — Friction-wheels are so ar¬ ranged as to diminish the friction of machinery —In therapeutics, the art of rubbing any part of the sur¬ face of the body with the hand, or any other agency, to promote circulation. FuicTiONLES3,/n'A:'-«/itm-ies, a. Having no friction. Fri da y , fri' da, s. The sixth day of the week, formerly consecrated to Frigga, the Scandinavian goddess. Fridge 4 v.a.' To move hastily. Fried, hide, pp. or a. Dressed in a frying-pan ; heated; agitated. Friend, frend, 8. One who is attached to another by affection, an attendant; a companion; a favourer; one who is propitious; a term of salutation; a familiar compcllation; one of the religious sect frequently called Quakers.— A friend at court, one who has sufficient interest to serve another. —t v.a. To befriend ; to favour or countenance. FRiENDED,t fren'-ded, pp. "f the verb to friend. Friendless, a. Destitute of frieuds; wanting countenance or support; forlorn. Friend-like,/ mwi'-rtAtf,a. Havingthe dispositions of a friend. FRiENDLiNE88,/rend'-Ze-»i6s, s. A disposition to friend¬ ship ; friendly disposition; exertion of benevolence or kindness. Friendly, frend'-U, a. Having the temper and dig- po^^ition of a friend; kind; favourable; benevolent ; disposed to promote the good of another; disposed to peace , amicable ; social; neighbourly ; not hostile; favourable; propitious; salutary; promoting the good of —Friendly societies are benefit societies, or voluntary associations of individuals for the purpose of mutual assistance in cases of sickness or distress. — ad. In the manner of friends; amicably. FRiENDSHir,/rend'-.sAi/j, s. An attachment to a person, proceeding from intimate acquaintance, and a re¬ ciprocation of kind offices; mutual attachment; in¬ timacy ; favour ; personal kindness , friendly aid; as¬ sistance ; + conformity ; affinity; correspondence. Frieze, 1 /y,-- I * A kind of coarse woollen cloth or Frize, I ( stuff, with a nap on one side.—In architecture, that part of the entablature of a column which is between the architrave and comice, and generally oriiamei)ted.—F/-ieze-prtn«/ U the upper part of a six-panelled door. FaiEZK-LiKE, freez'-like, a. Resembling frieze. Fiuezed, a. Napped; shaggy with nap or friesa. Frigate, 8. A ship of war haying two bat¬ teries, nz., on the spar-deck and the main-deck, and rating usually from twenty-f'ight guns up to foity- four , tany small vessel on the water F%iqA.T’B-B iB.o, frig'-gate-bird , s A large and rapacious tropical sea-fowl, with very long wings, allied to the pi'iicau- FaiuA.rB-BriLT,a. Built like or having the appearance of a frigate. Frioltoos, frig'-A-toori, s. A Venetian vessel, with t, square stem, ond having only a main-mast and niizzen -mast. PuiGErA.CTioN,t M«r., s. The act of making cold. Fright, frite, s. Sudden and violent feai'; aJainu, terror; consternation. Fright, frite, ) v.a. To alarm suduciJy with Frighten, fri'tn, ] danger; to shock suddenly with the approach of evil; to affright, terrify, or in¬ timidate Frighted, fri'-ted, 1pp. or a. Terrified; suddenly Frightened, fri'ind. / alarmed with danger. Frightecl, frite'-fuL, a. Exciting alarm; impressing terror , terrible, dreadful, or alaiming. PaioHTrrLL^, frite'-ful-le, ad. Terribly ; dreadfully ; In a manner to impress* terror and alarm. FRiGHTFrLNB88,/rii^-/MZ-ne*, s- The quality of impress¬ ing terror Friqhtless, frite'-les, a. Free from fright. Frigid, /rv'-»d, a. Cold; wanting heat or warmth; wanting warmth of affection , unfeeling; wantimr natural heat, or vigour sufficient to excite the generative power ; impotent; dull; Jejune ; unani¬ mated ; wan sing the fire of genius or fancy; stiff; formal, forbidding; wanting zeal, dull, lifeless. Frigid zone, fry'-id zone, s. The part of the eaiffh between the polar circle and the pole. Frigidity, 8. Coldness; want of warmth absence of natural heat, life, and vigour of body , im- poteucy ; imbecility . coldness of affection ; dulness want of animation or intellectual Are. Frigidly, ad. Coldly; duiiy ; without affec¬ tion. Frioidness, frij' id-nes, s. Coldness, dnlness, want of heat or vigour ; want of affection. Frigorific, frtg-o-rif'-ik, a. Causing cold ; producing or generatmg cold. Frill, fril, s. An edging of fine linen, on the bosom of a shirt or other similar thing ; a ruffle. — v.n. To shake or sliiver with cold. Frilled, frild, a. Decked with a frill; edged with something fine Frim,4 fri?^ s. Flourishing. Fringe, frtry, s. An ornamental appendage to the borders of gannents or furniture, consisting of loose threads ; something resembling fringe ; an open, broken border.—In botany, fringe-tree is a small tree of the Southern United States, having snow-white flowers, which hang down like fringe. — v.a. To adorn or border with Singe or a loose edging. Fringe-lixb, frinf-like, a. Resembling fringe. Fringe-maker, friiy-ma'-ker, s. One who makes fringe. Fringed, frinjd, pp. or a. Bordered with fringe. Fringblbss, frir^-Xes, a. Having no fringe. Frinoillacboub, frin-jil-la'-she-us, a. Pertaining to the Finches, or Fringillidee. Frinoillidje, frin-jil'-le-de, s. In natural history, a family of the Conirostres, or Finches, of which the Fringilla, or Chaffinch, is the type. Fringy, frin'-je, a. Adorned with fringes. Fkio'l^'v, fri'-o-let, s. A kind of pear. Fripper, frip'-per, s. A dealer m old things ; a broker. Fripperbr, frip'-per-er, s. One who deals in old clothes. Frippery, fript-pe-re, s. Old clothes ; cast off dresseJi. clothes thrown aside after wearing; useless things; trifles; tlie place where old clothes are sold; the trade or traffic in old clothes. — a. Trifling , contemptible. Friseor, fre-zeui’', s. (Fr.) A hair-dresser. Frisk, frisk, v.a. To -ep , to skip ; to spring suddenly one way and the other ; to dance, skip, and gambol in frolic and gaiety. — a. lavely , brisk , blithe. — s. A frolic , a fit of wanton gaiety. FaissAL4 frish'-al, 9, A l€»p or caper. FEISKBR [ 423 ] FEONTLET FaissER, frxkV-er, s. One who leaps or dances in graiety; a wanton , an inconstant or unsettled person. PiusutaT, frW-kety s. In printing, the li^ht frame by which a sheet of paper is confined to the tympan to be laid on the form for impression. Faiaarni., JrUkf-ful, a. Brisk ; liyely. VRisititT, friikf e-le, ad. In a frisky manner. PaieaiKBag, /risk'-e-nes^ *. Briskness and frequency of motion ; ffaiety; liveliness, a dancing or leaping in frolic. Faisat, frwk'-e, a. Jumping with gaiety ; gay ; frolic¬ some^ lively. PaiT, frit, 8. In glass-making, the material or ingre- dienls of which glass is made, after it has b^n cal¬ cined, or baked in a furnace, but before fusion. — v.a To expose to dull red beat for the purpose of expeOiug moisture, &c., from materials for glass- making. Fritm, Jrith, 8. A narrow passage of the sea ^ a strait; a kind of weir for catching fish; a forest; a woody place ; a small field taken out of a common. PiurHY4: frith'-e, a. Woody. FaiTiLLARr, frif-e-lh-re, 8. The crown imperial, a bulbous flowering plant, of the Liliaceous tribe. Fritinancv,± fril^-s-nan-se, s. A chirping or creaking, as of a cricket. Fiuttbr, frit'-ter, s. A pancake of filed batter; a small piece of meat fried; a fragment; a shred. — v.a. To cut meat into small pieces to be fried; to break into small pieces or fragments. —To fritter away, s to diminish ; to take away or waste by degrees. Fritti.-«.kb, friif-Urd, pp. of the verb to fritter. Frivolity, fre-vol'-e-te, s. Acts or habits of trifling. Frivolous, friv'-o-lus, a. Of little weight, worth, or importance; not worth notice; trifling, trivial, or unimportant. Frivolouskbss, friv'-o-his nes, s. The quality of being trifling, or of very little worth. Frivolously, fri^-o-lus-le, ad. In a trifling maimer. ^Friz,/ ria, v.a. To curl; to crisp; to form into small curls with a crisping-pin ; to form the nap of cloth into little hard burrs, prominences, or knobs. Frizzed, frizd, pp. or a. Curled; formed into little burrs on cloth. Frizzle, JHz'zl, v.a. To curl: to criAp.—Frizzling of cloth is a term in the mauufaemre of woollens applied to the fomaing of the nap of cloth or stnflT into a number of little hard burrs or prominences. Frizzled, friz'zld, pp. or a. Curled , crisped. Frizzlkr, friz'-ler, s. One who makes short curls. Fro, fro, ad. Prom; away , back or backward. Frock, /roA, a. An upper coat, or outer garment; a kind 0 ! gown, open biihind, worn by females; a gown for children. Frock-coat, frokf-kote, s. A kind of strait-bodied coat, having the same len^h before and behind, like a sur- tout, but shortear. Frocked, frekt, a. Clothed in a frock. Frocklbss, froK-les, a. Destitute of a frock. Frog, frog, s. A common ampliibious reptile, of the ‘ batrachian tribe, remarkable for its activity in swim¬ ming and leaping, a cloak button, .swelled in the : middle.—In dressmaking, a small barrel-shaped sUk • ornament, wHh taasels, used in the decoration of mantles, &c.—pi /arrter]/, a sort of tender horn that grows in the middle of the sole of a horse’s foot. Froqbit, frog'-bit, s. An aquatic plant, the hydro¬ charts. Froo-fish, frog'-fish, 8. The fishing-frog. pRoo-ttRAfls, frog'-grdf>, s. A plant. ‘ ] Frogqi, frof-ge. a. Abounding with frogs. Frug-bopper, oy-hop'-per, s. A small insect of the ] Grasshopper flunily, which lives on plants, and is re- ] markaWe for its leaping. Its larvae are found on leaves eaclosev’ in a frothy liquid, and hence called cuckoo-spittle ©r frog-spittle. t’Rse'SHBLL, frog'-shei, s. A species of shell of the genus RnnsUa, cliietly found in the tropical seas. F fRorsE, froyz, s. A kind of food made by frying bacon enclosed in a pancaae Frolic,/ r»r iA., a. (;^y , m^ry , full of levity; dancing, F playing, or fiisking about; full of pranks. — s. A wild prank, a flight of levity, or gaiety and mjrth; a gauihoi, a frejik; a scene of gaiety and mirth, as in dancing or play. — vm. To pLiy wild pranJts ; to play tiicks of levity, mirth, and gaiety. p Frolicful, fro^-ik-fxU, a. Frolicsome * Frolicness, $ froU-ik-neSf 6. Pi*ankjB ■ wildness oi gaiety ; frolicsomeness. ? Frolicsome, yVor-tA;-«um, a. Full of gaiety and mirth; 9 given to pranks. ’ Frolicsomely, yror-iA-stm-l«, ad. With wild gaiety. FROLiGsoicBifBss, froV -ik-sum-nes, s. Gaiety • wild pranks. f Prom,/ row, prep. The meaning of/rom may be «k- i preyed by tlie noun distmrwe, or by the adjective distant, or by the participle departing, removing to a distance. The sense of from is literal or figurative, but it in unifoi'BiIy the same. In certain phrases, generally or always elliptical, from is foUowed by certain adva-bs, denoting place, region, or position in- ^ definitely, no precise point beiiig exprestiod ; as, From above, from the upper regions , front after, from a distance ; from bsf^eath, from a place or region below • from below, from a lower place , from behind, from a Place or position in the rear ; from far, from a distant place, from high, from on high, from a high place from an upper region, or from heaven ; frwn hence\ from this place ; hut from is superfluous before hence; from thence, from that place, from being superfluous from whence, from which place, from being super¬ fluous , from where, from which place; from wimin from the intt^rior or inside;/rowi without, from the outside, from abroad.—Frf>'/n precedes another pre¬ position, followed by its proper object or ease; as From amid, from among, from beneath, from beyond. * FRoy[-wA.B.u,/rom'-wawrd, ad. Away from ; the contrary of totvard. ^ Frond, ft'ond, s. In bota7iy, a peculiar union of the fnictification with the leaf and stem of a plant the flowers and fruit being produced from the leaf itself, as in the ferns, &c. Frondation, s. A lopping of trees. FRONDEscE,^on-d«s', v.n. To unfold leaves, as plants. FRONDEscENCE,/ro?j.-d^s'-sc^i5, s. In botany, the precise time of the year and month in which each species of plants unfolds its leaves. FRONDrrBRous,/roR-di/'-er-ws, a. Producing fi’onds. Frondose, /Von-dose, a. Leafy ; full of leaves. Frondods, fron'-dus, a Applied to a flower which is leafy. FRONT,/rM74t, 8. Properly, the forehead or part of the face above the eyes; lienee the whole face; the fore¬ head or face, as expressive of the tempi-r or disposi¬ tion ; the fore-part of anything ; the fore-part or van of an army or a body of ti’oops; the most conspicuous part or particul^,—In architecture, the principal side or face o a building.—FVomf-room, an apartment in the fore-part of a house. - Front-box, the box in a play-house before the »est. — v.a. To oppose lace to face; to oppose directly ; to stand oppos^ or opposite, or over against anyth mg. — v.n. To stand foremost; to have the face oi 'liit toward any point of the compass.—In mu ,ry operations, front is a word of command signifymg that the men are to return to their proper front. Frontage, frun'-tajo, s. The front part of an edifice or lot. Frontal, /ron'-«aZ, a. Belonging to the forehead. — 8. In medicine, a medicament or preparation to be applied to the forehead.—Li arc/iitecture, a little pediment or front piece over a small door or window. —In ajiatomy, there are a variety of terms used in connexion with the anterior part of the head; as the frontal artery, the frontal bosses, the frontal muscle, thQ frorital bone, the frontal suture, &c. Frontated, fron-ta'-ted, a. Growing broader and broader, as a leaf. Fronted, /Vw»f-«rf, a. Formed with a front. Frontier. /rwu'-ic-er, s. The marches; the border, confine, or extreme part of a country, bordering on another country. — a. Lying on the exterior part; bordering; conter¬ minous. FRONTiNiAC,/ron-itn'-yaA:, s. A species of French wine named from Frontigna7i, the place in Languedoc where it is produced. Frontispiece, /run'-tis-pecs. s. In architecture, the principal face of a building. — In bibliography, an ornamental figure or engraving fronting the first page of a bonk. FR6NTLE»8./rtMir-l©«, a. Wanting shame or modesty; not diffident Frontlet, frvaif-iei, s. A fillet or band woni on the forehead.—In ornithology, the margin of the head FEOPPISH [ 423 ] FRUITLESS Iwliiud the biU of bird*, peneraily clothed with rigid bristles,—I b Jewuh abrow-band.iBScribed with scripniral tenets Feopptsh^ ftop' t'^sh, a Peevish, froward. Frorr4 frore, a Frozen , frosty. Fbornk,! from, a Frozen. Fror^ .1 fro' re, a Frozen, covered with a froth resenibling roar-frost Frost . froel, h Frozen dew . freezing of 9 ’ater, or that jftate or temperature of the air whi^i oceaBi‘>n» frecz- tng or the congelation of water. — is formed from congealed dev/. -Blark frost oeenrs when plants are frozen without any deposition of moisture upon them — V a In <^>okery, to cover or sprinkle with a composi- tif)n of sugar resembling hoar frost; to cover with any¬ thing resembling hoar frost. Frost bitten froxt-hiftn. a Nipped, withered, or affected by D'ost. Frost BocTfu. frvM'-botond, a. liound or confined by frost Frost NAIL./rosf'-nfx/e, 8. A nail driven into a horse¬ shoe, to prevent the horse froin slipping on ice. Frost nipped, front'-nipt, a.. Nipped by frost. Frost-numbed,/ rosf'-tittmrf, a. Made numb by frost. Frost work, frost' wurk, 8. Work resembling hoar- frt>st on shrubs. Frosted,/ ros'-ferf, pp. or a. Covered with a composition like wliite frost; covered with anything resembling hoar frost in colour or form. Frostilv, /res'ad. With frost or excessive cold ; without warmth of affection , coldly. Frostiness,/ rDs'-fe-wei, s. The state or quality of being frosty , freezing cold. Frosting, fros'-ting, s. I.oaf-sugar prepared to cover calie, &v:., which resembles hoar-frost. Frostless,/ rosf-Zes, a. Free from frost. Frosty ,/ros'-fe, a. Producing frost; having power to congeal water, containing frost; cliill in affection; without warmth of affection or courage ; resembling hoar-frost; white , grey-haired. Froth, froth, s. Spume ; foam ; the bubbles caused in liquore by fennentation or agitation ; any empty, senseless show of wit or eloquence ; light, unsubstan¬ tial matter. — v.a. To cause to foam. — v.n To foam; to throw up spume; to throw out foam or bubbles. Frothily , f'-oth’-e-ie, ad With foam or spume ; in an empty, trifling manner. Fruthinebs, froth' e-nes, 8. The state of being frothy ; cmpiinoss. senseless matter. Frothless, froth’-les, a Free from froth. Froth-spit, froth'-spit, s. A kind of white froth on the leaves of plants. cuckoo-spit. Frothy , froth'-e, a. Full nf foam or froth, or consisting of froth or light bubbles ; soft, not firm or solid ; vain . light, empty , unsubstantial. Frot'nce,/ ro?inse, s. Amass of pimples in the palate of a horse , a disease in hawks; a wrinkle, plait, or curl. an ornament of dress. — v.a. To gather into plaits , to form >vrtnkles; to curl or frizzle the hair aoont the face. Frouhceless,4: frotuns^-les, a. Having no plait or wrinkle. Frouzt, frow'-ze, a. Fetid ; musty ; rank ; dim; cloudy. FRow,/rate, s. A tool for cleaving laths, or splitting staves; ttlie name of a Dutch or German woman. Froward, fro'-ieawrd, a. Not willing to yield or comply with what is required ; peiwerse; untoward ; wayward , unyielding ; peevish. Frowardly, fre/-woAo^-d-ie, ad. Peiwersely; in a peevteh manner. Frowardmess, s. Perverseness; reluct¬ ance to yield or comply; disobedience; peeviehneas ; petulance. Fbower, frotv^-er, 8. A sharp-edged tool to cleave laths. Frown , frown, v.n. To express displeasure by contract¬ ing the brow, and looking spam or surly; look stern , to scowi, to manifest displeasure in any man¬ ner , to look threatening. — v.a. To repel by expressing diarfleasure ; to rebuke. — s. A wrinsled lixYk. particularly expressing dislike ; a sour, severe, or stem look, expresmvc of di^leasure; a scowl, any expression of displeaaure. FROwHura, ft^n-ing, ppr. or a. Knitting the broYv in anger or ffl^leasure; threatening. Froyvninqlt, frown*-ififf-lef ad. Sternly; wim a leek of displeasure. Prowy, a, a. Musty; rank; fetid.—FV omj» is a builder's name for short, brtt^e. ana iofi timber T-&oansv, fr(/m, pp. or a. Oongealed by cold; frosty, chill, or cold m affection ; void of aatoral heat or viijofur PRoa*p«N*as, 4 : fro'on-rjM, s. State of being frozcci. Frccthd, fnnk ted, a. In heraXdry, beaH^ fruit. Fructbscishce. /mk-4st' sen*, &. In bs *m * 9 , the preelse time when taie fruit of a plant arrives at nsiaturity, and its seeds are dispersed . the fruiUng season. PRT’CTirBBOTre,/rwA-#*/'-«r-4*ji. a. Bearing or producing ftnilt Pri ermCATION, fmA-ts-fe-ka'-shtin, s. The act of fructifying, or rendering productive of fruit, fe¬ cundation.—In botany, the temporary part of a plant appropriated to generation Fructttcbd, fruk'-de-Jlde, pp. of the verb to frtAetify. FurcTirY^ v.a. To make fruitful; to render productive, to ferriilize. — v.n. To bear fruit. FaimTirYiNG. fruk'-te-Ji-ing, ppr. or a. Rendering fruitful , fertilizing. Fructdation.J frtik-hi-a'-shu^ s. Produce; fruit. Fritctdohs, frtik'-tii-us, a. FWitful; fertile; impreg¬ nating with fertility. Fructuouslt,/TMA'- tw-ws-ie, ad. Fruitfully. Frdctuousness, fruk'-tu-us-nes, s. I^Tiltfnlness, Fructure,!: fruk'-teJmr, s. Use : fruition ; enjoyment. Frugal, y?-n'-gfa/, a. Economical in the use or appro¬ priation of money, goods, or provisions of any kin d ; sparing; not profuse, or lavish. ’Ffivoh.hir'i, frtt-gal' -e-te, Is. Prudent economy; good Fruoalness, frti'-gal-nes, / husbandry or housewifery; a sparing use or appropriation of money or commodi¬ ties; a judicious use of anything to be expended. Frugally, fru'~gal~le, ad. With economy ; YVith good management. Fruggin, frug'-gin, s. An oven fork ; the pole with which the aslies in the oven are stirred. {Local.) Frugiferous, fru-jif'-er-us, a. Producing fruit oi com. Frdgivorous, fn(rfii^-or-u8, a. Feeding on fruitSj seeds, or com, zis birds. Fruit, 8. Whatever the earth produces for the nourishment of animals, or for clotliing or profit; the produce of a tree or other plant; the seed of plants, or the part that contains the seeds , production . that which is produced , the produce of animals , off¬ spring , young , effect or consequence of any action : advantage, profit. good derived. are small black flies found among fmit-irees in the spring season.—is a grove or close plantation of fruit-trees.—a place for the preservation of fruit.—JFVutt-s/iop, a place where fruit is sold.— Fruit¬ time, the time for gathering fruit.— Fruit-tree, a tree cultivated for its fruit. — v.a. To produce Cniit. Fruitage, ft'u'-tgje, s. Fruit collectively ; various fruits. Pruit-bearks, frut^-ha-rsr, 8. That which produces fruit. Fruit-bbaring, ^ut^-ba-ring, a. Producing fruit; having the quauty of bearing fruit. Fruit-bud, frute'-bud, s. T^e bud that produces fruit. Fruiterer, fru'-ter-er, s. One who deals in fruit. Fruitert, frvf-ie-re, s. Fruit collectively taken; 8 fruit-loft ; a repository for fmit. Frutttul, fruie-fid. a. Very piviductive; prolific faiile, or abundant; pa^odiLCing fruit in abimdance. bearing children ; not barren , abounding in or pro¬ ductive of anything; generating. , frut^-fvX-le, ad. In nich a manner as to be prolific ; plenteoualy , abundantly. FauiTP' LNUBS, fruW-fuL-ne%. s. The quality ot pro¬ ducing fruit in abundance , productivone«« , fertility fecundity , the quality of b^ng prolific, or producin;/ many young, produetiveness of the intellect; exuber ance Fruiting, fru'-ting, s. The bearing of fniit. Fruition , /rtt-wA'-«n, 8 . Use, accompanied with pica sure, corporeal or inteUe<-lJual . enjoyment . gratmea- tion , the pleasure derived from use rrr poBseesion. Pbuitive, fm-tr-Uo, a. Enjoving. Fruitless, frvdef-h*, a. Koti Dearing fnilt; destitute Ox PEUITLESSLY [ 424 ] FtJLaOEATE fWuc; barren, unprofitable, or useless, productive of III) advantage or good effect; having no offspring. i-'aciTLEssLY,/rut*?-Zes-Ze, ad. Without any valuable effect, unprofitably. Frmti.essness, frut^-le»-ne8, s. The quality of being vam or unprofitable. Fruity a. Like fruit; having the qualities of fruit. FRrMK,NTACEoT7s,/i*u-w. feiv'-koyd, la. Resembling sea-weed, or Put oioAL, few-koy'-dal, j partaking of the nature of a fueus. Fucus, fexo'-kus, s., pi. Fuel. (Lat.) In boUiyiy, a genus of A>g be fleeting and temporary — 8. One who flees from his station oV duty, a deserter-, one who flees from danger, one who has taken refuge under another power, or one who has fled from punish¬ ment. FvoiTiY'Ei.'i, feiv'-je-tiv-te, ad In a fugitive manner. Fugitiveness, fpw'-je-tiv-nes, s. Volatility ; fugacitv an aptness to fly away , instability. FuGLEMAN,/(?tr'gZ-man, ) s. One who stands in front FLVQ¥.hnfLn,,fieu>'-gel-n).an,* of a line of s'ldiors when under drill, whose movements in the manual exercise I they are all simultaneously to follow Fugue, s. In music, a composition in which the different parts fly, or run after each other, each re¬ peating the subject at a certain interval above or bf'low the preceding part. There are tbi-ee distinct descriptions of fugues —the Simple fugue, the Double \ figue, and the Common fugue. Fuguist. feu'^-ghist, s. A musician who composes fugues, or performs them extemporaneously. FuLciBLE,4:yK/'-se-6Z, a That ma* be propped up. FuLciMENT.t ful'-se-ment, s. A prop; a fulcrum ; that on which a balance or lever rests Fulcrate, ful'-krate, a Propped up; furnished with fulcrums.—In hotnny. a fulcrate stem is one whose branches descend to the earth. Fulcrum, ful'-krum, s.. pi Fulcra or Fulcrums. (Ijat) A prop or suuporu—In m' chanics, the prop or support by which a lever is sustained —In hotnny, the } art of a plant which serves to defend or support it* Fulfil, ful-Jil' v.a To aceo-npMsh P>-c .vTn to complete, or cany Into effect; to answer in execution or event what has been promised, to answer any desire by compliance or gratification, to perform what is required , to answer a law by obedience. Fulfilled, ful-fild', pp. of the verb to fulfil. Fulfiller, ful-fil'-ler, 8. One who fulfils or accom¬ plishes. Fulfilment, ful-fil'-ment, 1 s. Accomplishment, com Fulfilling, ful-fil'-ling, f pletiou ; execution , per¬ formance. FcLGARTjt fuV gar-e,s. Lightning. Fulgenct, ful'-jen-se, s. Brightness ; splendour ; glitter, effulgence. Fulgent, ful'-jexit, a. Shining ; dazzling ; exquisitely bright Fulgently, ful'-Jent-le. ad. In a glittering manner. FuLGiD.tA^'Z^d, a. Shining, dazzlin’g. Fdlgiditt,!: ful-jid'-e-te, s. Splendour; dazzling glitter. FuLGOR,t fuV-gur, s. (Lat.) Sfitendour; dazzling brightness. Fulqoraj/ u/'-^o-rd, 8. A genus of Moths, the lantern fly, which emits light in the dark. Fulgurant, t fuV-gur-ant, a. Flashing like lightning. Fulgurate, t/«Z'-£;u/--af#» v.n. To emit flashes of light, to flash like ightiiing. FKVT\co9¥.,fru’-te-kose, Frvticovb, fru'-te-kus. Fruticu lose . fru- tik'-ulose, FRY,/r«, v.a To dress with FUL&UEATION [ 425 ] FUMIGATOET Fulguration ,+ /ul-gu-rfz'-shun, s. Lightning; the act of lightning , the sudden brightening of a fused globule of gold or silver when the last film of the oxide of lead or copper leaves its surface. Fulgurite, a A tube of vitrified sand, supposed to be formed by a stroke of liglitning on a sanay plain, &c., a term used to designate any mineral with marks of fusion, supposed to be from the action of lightning, as impUed by the word. FuLviURV,± ful' gu-re,s. Lightning. Fulica, /ew'-l€~kA, a. The common black or bald coot. Fuliginositt , fu-lij-e-nos'-e-te, 8. Sootmess ; matter deposited by smoke. Fuliginous, - e-nus , a. Pertaining to soot; sooty ; dark ; dusky ; pertaining to or resembling smoke. PuLiQiNousLY, fii-lij'-e-fius-lCj ad. In a smoky or sooty state. FuLKE,t fulk, 8. Folk.; people. Full, fuly a. Replete; without vacuity; haring no space void ; aboundiaig with , supplied ; not vacant. plump; fat; saturated; sated, crowded, with re gard to the imagination or memory ; large ; entire ; not partial; that ftlls, as a meal; complete; not defective or partial; containing the whole matter ; expressing the whole, stning, not faint or attenu¬ ated ; loud, clear , distinct; mature ; perfect, ex¬ hibiting the whole disk or surface illuminated; abundant; plenteous , sufficient; adeijuate ; well fed ; Avell supplied w famished; abounding; copious; ample. — s. Complete measure; utmost extent; the higne^it state or degree; the whole; the total; the state of satiety.—The ^^7 of the mooti is the time when it pre¬ sents to the spectator its whole face illuminated. — ad. Q,uite ; to the same degree ; without abatement or diminution; with the whole effect; exactly; directly. Full IS used as a prefix to numerous words, chiefly participles and adjectives, to express the utmost extent or degree; as full-aged, of mature age ; full¬ armed, completely armed, ful^-bloomed, having perfect blossoms; full-blown, fully expanded; fall-hoitomed, liaving a large bottom, full-butt, meeting directly, and with yidiente , full-charged ; fuU-ot animed, well tilled ; fuV-drive. at fill speed , full-dreteed, pilUearni, full-eyed, full-fa^ed, full-fed, full-Ji*»Jied, full-formed, full-frarught, full-gorged, j^l -grown, fuU-hearted, full- hot, full-Lad^i, full-length, full-manned, full-mouthed, fidl-orbed full-spread, ^ll-stomached, full-stuffed, t'ull-summea, full-swing, full-winged. &C. Full, v.a. To thicken cloth in a mill; to make com¬ pact, or U) scour, cleanse, and thicken. Fullagb, ful'-laje, s. Money paid for fulling cloth. FuLLAJi,i ful'-lam, a. An old cant word for faUe dice. Fulled, fuld, pp. or a. Cleansed ; tiiickened. Fullbr, ful'-ler, a. One whose occupation is to full clotli. Fuller’s-earth, s. A soft, friable clay, which absorbs grease, and is much used in fulling cloth. FuLLtB’s-THisTLE, fill'-Igrs-thWtl, \ 8. Tcasel, a plant Fuller’s-webd, ful'-ters-weed, | of the genus dip- sactis. The burrs are used in dressing cloth. Fullerv, /ur-/cr-tf, s. The place or the works where the fulling of cloth is carried on. Fulling, s. The art or practice of thickening cloth, and making it compact and firm. Fulling-mill, ful' ling-mil, s. A water-mill for fulling cloths, wliore they are cleansed from the grease by scouring iugredients. Fdll-pat, ful'-pa, a. Entire pay, w'ithout stoppages or deductions. Fully, /i4/'-7e, ad. Without lack 5P defect; sufficiently, abundantly, plentifully, amply, or perfectly ; in a manner to give satisfaction ; to the extent desfred; without abatement; with completeness .—Fully com- mifted, in Ictiv, committed to prison for trial, in distinction from being previously detained for exaini- nation- Fulmar, ful'-mar, 8. A sea-fowl of the pefrel kinu very abundant in the polar regions ; the loulemart or fuliraart. Fulminant, ful'-me-nant, a. Thundering. Fulminate,T. n. Totnunder; to make a loud sudden noise, or a sudden sharp crack ; to deto¬ nate ; to issue forth ecclesiastical censures, as if with the force of a thunderbolt. Fulminate, y.a. To utter or send out. as a denuncia tion or censure ; to cause to explode. — s. In chemistry, a detonating uompomid, consisting of fulminic acid with a base. These com'pouncfi explode by percussion, friction, or heat— Fulmxnate o) merettry, oftmi called fulminating mercury, is much used in percussion caps.— Fulminate of silver, contain ing one part of silver in ten of nitric acid, is a very powerful detonator Fulmin ating, fuV-me-na-ting , ppr. or a. Thundering crackling , exploding ; detonating; hurling menacet or ce^uanTe^.—Fulmineiting powder , explnsive com¬ pound of nitre, carbonate of potash, and sulphur. Fulmimation, ful-me-na'-shun, s. A .hundering ; de¬ nunciation of censure or threats , anathema _ or excommunication ; the explosion ot certain chemical preparations; detonation. , Foi.MiNATORT, fuV-me-nd-tUT-e, a. TUunciering ; striking terror. FuLMiNK,t ful'-min, v.n. To thunder. — v.a. To shoot; to dart like lightning. Fulmineous, ful-min'-e-us, a, Pertaining to thunder. Fulminic Aoid. ful-min'-ik as'-id, p. In chemistry, an explosive acid composed of cyarnigen and oxygen Fulness, /ii'-ncs, 8- The state of being filled, so as to leave no part vacant; the state of abounding or being in great plenty ; abundance ; copiousness , plenitude , completene#*8; the state of a thing in which nothing is wanted ; perfection , repletion ; satiety , repletion ot vessels, as of blood; plenty; wealth; affluence; struffgiing perturbation ; swelling; largeness; extent, loudness ; force of sound. Fulsome, ful'-sutn, a. Nauseous; offensive; rank, gross; disgusting; that which disgusts by excess or groasnci^, as a fidsome pane^ric. Fuijiombly', ful'-sum-le, ad. Nauseously ; grossly. Fulsomeness, ful'-sawi-?ies, 8. Nauseousuess ; offensive grossness. Fulvid, ful'-vid, Tawny; dull yellow, with a FvLroxja, ful'-vus, 1 mixture of grey and brown. Fumado, fu-ma'-do, s. A smoked fish. Fumaoe, few'-maje ,) s. Hearth-money ; a sort of tax, 7vck.a^, fwZ-kc^e, j formerly paid for every cliimney in a house. FuMAaiACB.®, few-ma-re-c^-se-e, s. A natural order o( Thalaraifloral Exogens, the Fuineworts of Lindley^of which the fnmnria is the type. Fumaroi.e, few'-md-role, s. A hole from which smoke issues in n volcano or sulphur-mine. FuMAToaY,/eM/-m(i-fur-4-fiF-i>re-«M, a, Fimereal. Fcnbral, fmV-n^r«U, %. Burial, intermeat; the ©«re- inony of buryvxig a doad body , obsequies; the pro- CMiOB of pereons attending the burial of the dead— Funeral pail, a hearse-cloth.—Furjero/elabo¬ rately prepared seis of oecrich feathers mounted on the hearse and heads of the horses. - a. Peitaining to burial; used at the interment of the dead. Fi NBaATK,$/#«;'-fl<-ra^«, v.a. To bury. s. Solemnization of & Funereai., a. Suiting a funeral; pertain¬ ing to burial, dark , dismal; mournful Funereally, ad In a funereal mannei dismally PuNKSTj fu-nosf, a. Doleful, lamentable. Fungal a. Of or belonging to the Funffi a Fungalgs. PuNQALES. See Fungi. FviiaiLT^,fu 7 ig'~Qate, 8 . A compound of fungic acid an« a bate. PuNGB,t/«fy«, » A blockhead; a dolt Fungi, ftm-ji, pi. of Fung us, a, (Lat. In botany, a large natural order of cellular and flowerless plants which are nourished through their thallus nr spawn’ and propagated in colourless or brown spores they i ^mprehend tlie several varieties of Mushrooms, To^stools, and the microscopic plants which foriN mildew, mould, &c. See Fungus. Fokbia, fun'-Je-a, s. A genus of coral*, much like a mushroom m form. Funbiates, fun'-je-ates, s.pl. Combinations of fungic acid with salifiable bases “ Fumgtblbs, fun'-je-bh, s.pl. In Scottish law, moveable goods valued by measure or weight. PuNGic,a Of or belonging to the Fungi or Mushrooms. Fungie acid is an uncrystallizable deli- quc*scftnt acid found in Fungi. Fv^au-0hM,fun-jik'-0-le, s.pl. A fiinnly of Coleopterous insects. Ill which the body is oval, and the antenino longer than the head and thorax united. hnNEipoRM, fun'^e-fawrm, a. Resembling a fungus or mushroom m shape. ” FoNBiLLiroEM, fuii-jU'-le-faiorm, a. Round-lieaded Uk". a mushroom. Fosuis /ua'^'Ki, 8 , The fleshy part of a mushroom. purined by digestion in hot water. hiiNBiTE, fun'-jite, s. A kind of fossil coral. !• uNBrvoRoes, fun-jiv'-ur-us, a. Feeding on Fungi or ■Mushrooms. e Fonboiu, /ung’-goyd, a. Having the appearance of a mushroom. Fdnbositv , fung-gos’-e-te, s. Soft excrescence. hcNBOBs, fwig'-gui, a. Belonging to the Fungi or Mushroom family ; excrescent; spongy, .S' Fuhbi, s. fLat.) A plant belo^mg to the Fungi^ or Fungales (which see), as Mushrooms, Toadstools, Mildew, vegetable excres¬ cences, &c.—In pathology, the name of a spongy excrescence or proud-flesh formed in wounds. Fukiole, fnF-ne-kl, a. A small cord, or ligature- a hbre.—In botany ,' a little stalk by which the seed ^ is attached to the placen^. /“-nik'-u-lar, a. Consisting of small cords or fibres. Funis 8 . In anatomy, the navel string, or umbilical cord. Fume, 8 . An offensive smell. [Vulgar.) > OITK -r , /unJd-e, a. Easily put out of humour; disposed to kick, as a horse. —t v.n. To stink through fear. [Vulgar.) Ftonbi., fun'-nel, a A passage or avenue for a fluid or nowing substance, particularly tlie shaft or hollow cJiannel of a elumnoy through w'hich smoke ascends • a vessel for conveying fluids Into close vessels , a kind ot mverted hollow cone with a pipe , a tunnel. huNHBE-roeu, fun'-nel-fawrm, la. Hayiag the fom 1 0NsBL-8H.ArED, /ufi'-nel-shayut, i of a funnel or in¬ verted hollow cone, Fdnmy , fun'-na, a. Droll; comical; full of fun. — s. A light boat. Fuksioki, foam-ze-o'-ne, s.pl. (Ital.; in saered music, a name appliod to those oratorios ocoftsionallv ner- formed in the Romish chnrek. ^ Fob fur, a. The sliort, tine, a»ft hair of certain anlinaU, ^nTiig thick on the skin, and distinguished toe hair, which is loager and eoarser: the .n.. of wctoin wlM animals with toe fur, peltry; strips of skin with ftir, used on garments for lining or for omainent, a coat of morbid matter ooUeci^ on toe affeetad with fever, a coating watS' ♦■»a-'‘»ttla«, &e., dopositod by h^-d — a. Pertaining to or made of for. ~ ’'^■^. 7 ° '“*> cover -with fur ; to oever with morbid mattM, as the tongue.—In carpentry, to u,ail smaU strips of board on joists, raftart, *c., m order t« make a level surface for lathing, boarding &c — ad. At a distouee. See Fab, FURAOIOUS [ 427 ] FUSIFOEM jb’uiiAcioT3 8.+ /«'ra'-s/»c-«s, a. Inclined to steal; thierisli. Fttracitt s. Thievislmess. Fuh-bslow, /u9‘'-bf-lo, 8. A ftoance ; tbe pUuted or puckered border of a petticoat or - v.a To put on a furbelow , to furnish with an orna¬ mental appendage of dress. FnasisB, /ttr' -fytsh, v.a To rub or sootir to brightness ; to polish . to bu?TLish Furbish ABL£, fiir'-bish-A-bly a. That be polished. P'uHBisMEBi. fur' hisK-ff, s. One who polishes or maizes bright by rubbing; one who cleans. Furcate, /w kitte, { a. Forked , branching Kke the Furcated, t prongs of a ftsrk.. Furcation ,/wr-ftfl'-sAwH, s. A forking; a branching like the tines of a fork. ro-RcuLAR, /ur' kU'lar, a Fork-shaped. Furdle4: fitr'dl, v.a. To draw up ink© a bundle. Furfur, fw'-fur, s. (Lat.) DandrafiT; »eurf; scales like bran. FuRFCRACBous, fur-/u-t'(i''S?i€~us, a. Scaly; branny; scui^ like Furfuration, s. ihe falling of acuri fi’om the head. ruRi.ix4 fetc'-re-al, a. Raging; furious; in a passion ' ^ , Furibondo. /oo-r<*-6o>i^-rfo. (leal.) In twfistc, a word applied adverbially to those movements intended to be pterformed mth energy. Furiosu, few re-o'-so. (Ital.) In mtmc, vehemently; with great energy Furious,/« c'-rr Its, a. Violent, fierce, or turbulent; rushing with impetuosity, transported with passion; filled with frenzy ; rendered outrageous by insanity. Tukiov 3 i.\. few'-re-ws-le. ad. With impetuous motion or ajritaiion . violently . vehemently Furiousnesss few’-re-US-nes, s. Impetuous motion or rushmg . violent agitation ; madness ; frenzy ; Furl, /mW, v.a. To draw up ; to UTap or roll a sail close to the yard, stay, or mast, and fasten it by a cord. Itjrled, furld, pp. or a. Wrapped and fastened to a yard. &c. Furlong, fur' long, s. A measure of length ; the eighth part of a mile . forty rods, poles, or perches. Furlough, fur' lo, s. Leave of absence granted by the commanding officer of a regiment to soldiers under lu8 oommand. — v.a. To furnish with a furlough ; to grant leave of absence to a soldier Furmentt, See Prumentt. Furn.ac®, fur'-nase, s. Any enclosed fire-place where a vehement tire and heat may be made ana maintained, for melting ores, metals, &c.—In Scripttifre, a place of cruel bondage and affliction; a place of eternal tor¬ ment —t v.a. To tlirow out sparks as a furnace. Furniment.} fur'-ne-rnent, 6 Furnitui'e. Furnish, /cr'-tmA, v.a. To provide or supply with anything wanted or necessary; to fit up; to equip; to tit for an expedition. —t s A specimen , a sample. Furnished,/ ur^-nts/i/. pp. or a. Supplied, garnished, or fitted with necessaries. Furnisher, fur' -nish~er, s. One who supplies or fits out Furn isHMBNT, s. A supply. Furniture, fur'-ne-ture, s. Goods, vessels, utensils, and other appendages necessary or convenient for housekeeping . chattels , moveables , etffecta , append¬ ages . that which is added for use or omament; equipage. dec4irations. a term applied to the imple¬ ments of art. - In printu^g, it ccrapr©Kand> the material of either wood or' metal, which kaeps the paget bfjund fast wgether, andlikewise separates them 80 as to allow a uniform margin, at the head and sides of each page, when the printed sheet U folded.—In architecture^ it applies to the bra«swork of locks, windows, knobs of doors, shutters, Ac- Foror, /»<'-ror, s. (Lat.) Fury ; rage. Furred, furd, pp. or a. Lined or ornamented with fur; thickened by the addition of strips of board. eovereQ vrith fur. Furrier, fiir'-re-ur, s. A dealer or manufacturer of furs. Furriery, fur ^- re - ur - e , s. Furs in general ; the dealing in fare. Furring, ftir'-nng, s. In earpeutry, the smRll slips DAiled on.jaiste m ra;f%erB » order Wvel a surfiWT for lathing, boarding, *<.■. , the scrips chns nmU>d on. Furrow , 8. .4 trench in ttfcc earth miide by a plough ; a long, aarrow trench or ehannc-l in wood oi metal, a gr»>ove . a hollow mad< bv wrinkles in the face —FttrrQw /(s64td, having a wrinkled face - -F^irrow- eh-iHH, a deep open channel madt bv a plough to carry off water.—.FsieTme-toewi. a we©* grewing on ploughed land. — v.a. To make furrows in; to plough, to make channels in; to make hollows in by wrinkles, to wrinkle. Furrowed, fur'-roeie, pp. or a. Marked with furrows. FvsLm.^y fur'-re, a. Covered with fur. dreesed in fur; eensifiting of for or *kins. Further, fur'-fJier, a. More or most distant; addi- tionaL — ad. To a greater distance. — v.a To help forward , to promote ; to help or assist. Furtherance, fur'-ther-esnssy s. A helping forward, promotion , advancement. Furthered, fur'-therd, pp. of the verb to further. PuRTHERER, fur'-ther-er, 6. One who helps to advance a promoter. Furthimimorb, ad. Moreover; besides in addition to what has been said. Furthhrwost, /xtr'-ther-morty a. Most remote Furthest, fur'-thesty a. Most distant either in time or' place. — ad. At the greatest distance. Furtive, fxvr'-tiv, a. Stolen , obtained by theft. Furtively, fur'-tiv-le, ad. In a furtive manner; by stealth. Furcncsle, few'-r^m-kl, s. A superficial, inflammatory tumour, acutely tender to the kuch, and suppurating with a central core, commonly called a boiL Fur-WROUGHT, ytw'-ra*eit, a. Made of fur Fury, feic'-re,%. Passion; rage; madness; tuj*bulence, fierceness; frenzy ; tumult of the mind, entliu- siasm, or exultation oi fancy. — In ruythoLogy, a goddess of vengeance; hence, a stormy, turbulent, violent woman. Fury-like, a. Raging; furious, violent. Pi’RZE, furze. 8. Gorge; whin, a thorny evergreen shrub of Great Britain, having beautiful yellow flowers. Furzy, fur'-ze, a. Overgrown with furze; full of gorse. Fosarolb, 8. (Ital.) In a bead¬ like moulfflng generally placed under the echinus or quarter-round of columns in the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders. FuseATioN,^8-ia'-fiAwn, s. A darkening; obsc-urity. Fuscine, fas' seeny s. A brownish matter obtained from empyreumatic oil, which is soluble in alcohol, but not in water. Fuscite, fus'-sit, s. A greyish or greenish-black mineral. Fuscous,a. Brown ; of a dark colour. Fuse, v.a. To melt; to liquefy by heat; to render fluid, to dissolve. — v.n. To be melted ; to be reduced from a solid to a fluid state by heat. Fuse, feu-ze, i s. A small tube filled with combustible Fusee, fexe'-ze, j matter, used in blasting, or discharg¬ ing a shell. Fused,/ ev’Bci. pp. or a. Melted, liquefied. Fi 8 The cone or conical part of a W'^tch or clock, round which is wound the chain or cord; a gmaU, neat musket or firelock, generally written Fusil , a squib ; a match used by smokers for igniting tobacco . the track of a buck. PvsEL-oTL,/etc zel' oyl, s- The refuse from distillation . a delewrious component of alcohol used in the manu¬ facture of various finiit essences. _ . FusBtiOL, feuiw'-lol, S- Oil of potato-spirit, which is colourless, and possetHWM; a strong and naiweous odour. Fusibility, /etc zr bil'-e-te, s ihe quality of being fusible, or of being convertible from a solid to a fluid state by heat. ^ . Fusiblb, few'-ze-bl, a. That may be melted or liquefied. -Fusible n^tal is an alloy of bismuth, lead, and tin, which melts at the heat of boiling water.— cair^iius, & variety of urinary coiicreCioii, so called because it fuse® before the blow-pipe. Fusiform, feu/-ze-fawrm, a. Shaped like a epiudle' thick, tapering to each end FCrSIL [ 428 ] GADLING a. Capable of being raelted or rendered fluid by heat; running; flovring, as a liquid. — 8. A light mu-iket or firelock.—In kfrfd^ry, a bearing of a rhomboidaJ figure, so named from its spindle- shaped form. Fu8tLEFa,^-*tZ- F 'sux is the type. Fi.%- 7:^,fev/~shnu, s. The act or operation of nielting or rt • Icring fluid by heat, without the aid o< a solvent; tile state of being uifltcd or dissolved by neat, Thus, tin is fusible at 442° , lead, 612® ; silvei. ..173° , gold, 2,016®, and cast iron, 2,786° Fusomx, a. Handsome; neat, notable; tidy. {Loca-.', Pn3s,^4«, s. A tumult; a bustle. iVulgar.) Fussily ,ad. In a bustling or fuasy manner. ‘ usav,/(t«'-sc, a. Making a fuss. Fust, fust, s. Tim .'.eft of a column, or trank of a pilaster ; a strong, musty smell. — v.n To become mouldy , to smell ili- rDSTA,/ocs'-i«i 8. (Span.) A kind of woollen cloth ; a small vessel with lateen sails. eti, a. Mouldy, ill-smelling. Fcstvt. 6 A shrub of southern Europe, alford- ^ mg * Cimliant though fugitive yellow dye. , fuse'-ynn, A kind of coarge, thick twilled coti/on uioth embracing corduroy, velveteen, &c.; an inflated style of writing, bombast. — a.. Made of fustian.— In style, swelling above the dignity of the thoughts or subject, too pompous, ridiculously tumid . lK>mba.scic FnsTiANi8T,/us2'-l/'m-i,«c, s. One who writes bombast. i \'9T\c, -tik, s. The wood of the Aforui tiuctovin, a tree Rowing in the West Indies, which affords u dingy yellow dye.—The young fustic of the English dyers is the wood of the Rhus cotinus, which imparts a beautiful bright yellow dye to cottons, &c. Fustigate, f^is'-te-gate, v.a. To beat with a cudgel or stick Pi STiOATioN, fus-te-ga'-shun, s. Among the ancient Romor and the upper timbers.— p/atex are certain iron plates, the upper ;>art8 of which are open like a ring, and used to fix the dead eyes in. Future, fev/ tAure, a. That is to be or come hereafter. —The /«' •« tense, in grammar, is the modification of a verb h expresses a future act or event. — 8. Time ^ come , a time subsequent to the present. Futurbly ,X fetc'-ichure-le, ad In time to come. Futurist, few'-tchu-rist, s. In theology, one who maifitame that the scriptural prophecies have yet to be fulfilled . one who hus regard to the future. Futuritjal,+ few-tchu-rish'-al, a. Hereafter; relating to futurity. PUTURITION, few-tchu-rtsh'-U7\, s. The state of being to come or exist hereafter. Futurity, feu>~tehu'-re-tty s. Future time, time to come ; event to come , the state of being yet to come. PrzR •Her Fuse. Fcx 2 , /us, V n T" fly off in minute particles. — % Fine, light particles . loose, volatile matter. Fuze-ball, fu^-hawl. s. A kind of funirus, which, ^ when pressed, bursts and scatters a fine dust; a puflf. l*uziLE,^iz'*f, v.a To intoxicate. Fuezt, a. Light and spongy. {Local.) Ft, ji, inteij. A word which egresses dislike, dis¬ approbation, blame, abhorrence, or contempt. Ftlvot, fiV-fot, 8. A flowered kiE a of cross, often nsed in decoration and embroidery during the Middle Ages. Ftne,^ fine, a. Thin , fine, or taper, a* the fingers. Fyrderinga, fir-de-ring'-a, s. Among our mediaeval ancestors, a military expedition undertaken at the command of the king. Gr. r;}. the seventh letter anc the fifth consonant of Y the English aljihabei It has two sounds: one hard or close. a»- bemre a, o, m. i, and r, as in gave, got, Q'lt, glue, grow i and the other soft, like the lettei j, before e and i, as gem and gibbet ; thi^ugh in. a few words of German ori^rin it is sounded hard before e and i, as in get and begin ,- and generally when the g is doubled, as in dagger, &c. It is silent in 8ome words ; as benign, condign. As a numeral, G was anciently used to denote 400, and, with a dash over it, 40,000. In music, it is the mark <*f the treble clef, and, from its being placed at the head, or marking the first sound in Guido’s scale, the whole scale took the name gamut, from the Gret'k name of the letter Gab. gab, s. The mouth , loquacity . idle prittle. ( f'ulg.) —In a steam-engine, the name applied to a notch in the eccentric, which moves the steam-valves. — v.n. To talk idly , to prate ; to lie. G.AJiAf<,J gab'-an, s. A coaj’su cloth. G.*L.BARAGB,t gab'-ar-llje, s. Coarse packing cloth; n term formerly used or the wrappo^ in which Irish goods were packed. Gabardink, gab'-'dr-deen, s. A coarse frock or loose upper gannent; a mean dress. Gabble, gal/bl, v.n. To prate ; to talk fast, or without meaning, to utter inarticulate sounds with rapidity. — B. Loud or rapid talk without meaning; inarticulate sounds rapidly uttered. Gaeblfr, gah'Mer, s. A prater; a noisy talker; one who utters LnarticuiaTje sounds. Gabbling, gab'bling, s. The making of a confused noise , rapid, indistinct utterance. Gxbel, ga'iA, s. A tax, impost, or duty; usually an excise Gabeler, ga'-bel-er, s. A collector of the gabel, or of taxes. Gabion, pr' 6«-on, s. Ina lai^e basket of wicker w.>rk, of a cylindrical form, filled with earth. Gabionnadb, ga-be-on-nade', s. Obstruction by gabions. Gable, ga'bl, s. The triangular end ol a house or other building, from the cornice • r eaves to the top. Gablet, ga'-blet, s. A .small ornamental gable or canopy formed over a tabernacle, niche, &c. Gabrielitbs, gn'-bre-el-ites, 8 pi. In Church history, a sect of Anabaptists, in Pomerania; so called from one Gabriel Scherfing. Gabro, ya'~brn, g. In mineralogy, the name given to the aggregate of diallage and saussurite. Gxbronite, gab'-rrm-ite, s. A mineral; a variety of nepheline found in Norway. Gaby, ga'-be, s. A silly, foolish person. Gad, gad,s. A sharp-pointed rod or pricking instm ment, a goad , the point of a spear or arrow-head ; a wedge or ingot of steel or iron ; a punch of iron with a wooden handle, used by miners.-C^pon the gad, upon the spur or impulse of the moment. — T.n. To walk about, to rove or ramble idly or with¬ out any fixed purpose. Gajjabout, gad'-a-bout, h. One who runs much abroad, without business. {Vulgar.) Gaddsr, gad'-der,s. A rambler; one who roves about idly. Gadding LY, gad'-ding-le, ad. In a rambling, roving manner. Gadd SH, gaef-dish, a. Disposed to wander, or gad ab( >ut. Gadellb, gd-del', s. A kind of currant grown in Fiance- QKHTLy, gad'-fii, s. A genus of dipterous insects, the JBstrus, the larvae of which are found in the stomach of the horse and other auiimaU. Gadid.®, ga'-de-de, s.pl. A family of Malaeopteryglous fishes, of which the Oadus. or (jodfieh, is the type. Gadlino, gad'-ling, s. An idle vngnbond. GADLINGS t 429 ] GALACTOMETER Qadlikgs,:^: geuf-lingi, in ancie^it armoztr, spikes of Steel on the koickles of gloves of mail. Gadoid, ga’-doyd, a. Of or belonging to a family of soft- flnned nshes, of which the Coulisii is the type. Gadolinitb, gad'-o-lin s. A rare mineral, ,of an i on black coloui', so named frofHi Professor Gadolin. GaoDs, ga'-dus,6. The Codfish S«e Gadids. Gadwell, gad'-Lvel, s A inigrat try aquatic bird, of the duck kind, whose flesh is excellent food. Gaelic, ga'-lik, a. An.epithet denoting what belongs to the Gaels, tribes of Celtic origin, inhabiting the liighlands of Scotland. — 8. The language of the Higlilande!*8 of Scotland. Gafal-lawd, ga’-fal-land, » s. In law, a tenui’e by Gafold-land, ga'-fold-land,] which land is subject to rent or tribute. Gaff, gaf, 8. A harpoon or light spear used by fisher¬ men , a sort of boom or yard, extending the upper edge of a fore-and-aft sail, t ^ GArFER,-t gaf fer, a. A humble old rustic; formerly a word of respect, but now used as a term of familiainty or contempt. Gaffle, gaffi, a. An artificial spur, put on cocks when they are set to fight; a steel lever to bend cross-bows. Gag, gag, v.a. To stop the mouth by thrusting some¬ thing into the throat, so as to prevent speaking. — s. S >n.ething thrust into the mouth and throat to prevent utterance Gage, gaje, s» A pledge or pawn ; something laid doAvn or given as'a security ; something tlirown down as a challenge to combat, to be taken up by the one wiio accepts the challenge , a measure, or rule of mea¬ suring, a standard. Gauge.—T he niunber of feet which a ship sinks in the water.— Among letter- founders, a piece of hard wood used to adjust ths^ ‘dimensions, slopes, &c., of the various soi’ts of letters. —An instrument in joinery, made to strike a line parallel to the straightside of a board —The position of one vessel with respect to another.—The weather-gage denotes a position to the windward, and the lee-gage a position to the leeward.—A sliding-gage Ls a tool used by mathematical instrument makers, for measuring and setting off distances.— Rain-gage, an instrument for measuring the quantity of water which falls from the clouds at a given place.— Sea- gage, an instrument for finding the depth of the sea.— Tide-gage, an in.Ntrument for deteiuiining the height of the tides.— Wind-gage, an instrument for ineasurLng the force of the wind on any given surface. — v.a. To pledge; to pawn; to give or deposit, as a pledge or security for some other act; to bind by pledge, cautioi^ or security ; to engage ; to measure ; to take or ascertain the contents of di vessel, cask, or ship ; X ft) wager. Oaoer, ga'-jer, s. One who gages or measures the contents. Gaoger, gag'-ger^ s. One who gags; a lifter used by founders, consisting of a light T-shaped piece of iron. Gaggle, gag'gl, v.n. To make a noise like a goose. Gaggling, s. The noise of geese. Gahnite, gn'-ni e, s. A mineral, automolite. Gaibmewt, ga' mong, s. (Fi'.i . In music, a word denoting that the movement to which it is prefixed is to be {lerformed in a lively, cheerful style. Gaiett, ^a'-e-f€,s. Merriment; sprighfliness; airiness; act of juvenile pleasure, flnery . showiness Some¬ times written Gatbtt Gaily, ga'-le, ad Splendidly, with finery or sliowi- n^-ss . joyfully ; merrily. OAiNj^ane, v.a To obt^n by tndu.sta'y or the employ¬ ment of capital, to get, a« profit or advantage, to acqu re , to win . to obtain by superiority or success ; to pr icure ; to receive , to obtain or receive au> thing, good or bad, to draw into any interest or paity, to win Co one’s side, to conciliate ; to obcain, as a suitor; to reach, to attain to. to andve &•>..— To yam into, to draw or per!«u,ide lo join in. —/’o ga n over, lo dtuw to aiiother party or int4:rest . to win over.—To gain ground, to advance in luiy undertaking, to prevail , lo increase. — To gain the in sea-language, is to arrive on the windward side of another sbfp, and thus gam some advantage in action. — v.n. To have advantage or profit, to grow rich; to advance in interest or liappincss ; to encroach ; to advance on; to come forward by degrees: to gain ground on ; to get ground) to prevail against or have advantage ; to obtain influence with. Gain, 8- Something obtained,a8 an advantage; unlawful advantage; ovei-plus in computation, anything op¬ posed to loss, profit, interest, or emolument. In arcA*«eciur«, a bevelling shoulder, a lapping of timbers, or the cut that is made for receiving a timoer.— Gatn-gear, in Si^otland, the moving machinery ofs mill, as di8tir^^ui^hed from the fixtures. — a. Handy ; dextrous. Gainabls, ga'-nd-bl, a. That may be obtained or reached. Gainage.t ya'-ne^e, 8. A word used by old law writers for wain^e, as applied to draught oxen, hoi sea. wains, ploughs, &c. Used in tillage. It was aim) usei for the land itself, or the profits thence derPved. But by statute of Magna Charta, c. 14, gainoge means no more than the plough-tackle or implements ol husbandry without any reapecr to gain or profit. Gained, gatnd, pp. of the verb to gain. Gainer, ga'-ner,"^ s. One who gains or obtains profit, interest, or advantage. Gainful, a. Producing profit or advantage, profitable; advantageous, advancing interest or happiness; lucrative; productive of money; adding to the wealth or estate. Gainfully. gfane'-/ui-^e, ad. With increase of wealth; profitably. Gainfulnbss, 8. Profit; advantage. Gaingiving, $ giane'-grtD-iwp, s. A misgiving, a giving against or away. Gainings, gane'-ings, s.pl. Acquisitions made by labour or succi'ssfuj enterprise. Gainlbss, gane'-ies, a. Not producing gain; un¬ profitable Gainlessness, gane'-les-nes, s. Unprofitableness; want of advantage. Gainly 4 gane'-le, ad. Handily ; readily ; dextrously. Gainsaid, gane-sed', pp. of the verb to gainsay. Gainsay, gane-sa', v.a. To contradict; to*oppose is words, to deny or declare untrue what another says to controvert; to dispute. Gainsaybr, gane-say'-er, s. One who contradicts oi denies what is alleged ; an opposer. Gainsaying, gane-saf -ing, s. Contradiction , opposi tion. GainstanDjJ gane'-stand, v.a. To withstand; to op¬ pose , to resist. Gainstrive,:^ gan^-strive, v.n. To make resistance. — v.a. To witlistand. Gair-fowl, gare'-foul, s. A term applied to the auk or penguin. Ga.irish, ^a'-r»8^, a. Gaudy, showy, affectedly fine; tawdry , extravagantly gay ; flighty. Gairishly, ga'-rish~le, ad. Gaudily; in a showy manner. Gairishnbss, ga'-rish-7ies, s. Gaudin^ , finery ; osten¬ tatious show ; flighty or extravagant Joy or ostenta¬ tion. Gait, gate, s. A going ; a walk, a march ; manner of walking or stepping: a charge made for sheep and cattle for pasture and grazing ; a sheaf of grain tied up. Gaitbd, ga'-ted, a. HaYung a particular gait or manner of walking. Sometimes used in compounds, as heavy- gnited. Gaiter, ( 7 c*'-ter, 8. A oovvf g of cloth for the leg, a kind of shoe, consisting chiefly of cloth, and covering Che ankles. — v.a To dress with gaiters. Gala, ya'-Lci, « (Span.', Show, festivity.—A gala day is one of pomp, show, or festivity Galactia, gd-lak' te-d, s- A superabundance ( r morbid ovei'fiowing of milk , a genus of leguminoas Diants, of trie sub-order Papilionaceat. Galactin, gd-iah'-tin. s. A vegetable subetan e ob¬ tained from the sap of the cow tree of South Ara^rics —Galactic acid is the same as lactic acid. Gala TiTE, gal' ak-tite. A mineral known as Ih milk-stone, «o called from itfr. property, wlifui .undec with vvater. of producing a milk-white mixture Galactodkndron, yri lak' 'o g. phe gum or insipissated Galbanum, ga/'-6d-ntifft, i juice of an uuibcUiferous plant used in medicine. Gals, yale, s. A current of air; a breeze ^ a strong wind.—In the language of seamen, the word gale, '^^^^ccompauied by an epithet, aignifies a vehement wmd or tempest .—Equinoctial gales are the storms which are observed to take place about the time of the sun’s wosaing the equat inseot. with a long cvlindrical of Uing contracted Into a^discoidai Pi'issts of Oybele, vmo celebiated her orgies fr Fhrygia ^ j Oaluxru gal'-y^d a ;Ft ) Gay, brisk, active.—In of frequently placed at the begini^g of 1 jely airs ana movemenU. to denote that they are to be performed in s gaj and cheerful style individual; a lively dance much praftifw by our ancestors GALLiAxosiv^ gai'-ycfT 4 . Excessive merr’ment. GALLIAEDNESS [ 431 ] &AMESOME QA.i.LiAnDWES8,$ gaV-yard-ties, 9. Gaioty. . . . Gallia.894 goT-le-as, 8- A heavy, low-huilt vessel vrith cwo masts, and having both sails and oars. Gallic, gal'-lUi, a. Pertaining to Gaul ot loanee , belonging to gaUs or oak apples, derived from gall^ as gallic acid, which is obtained in fine white needJes from gall-nuts. . ^ „ Gallican, gal'-le-katiy a. Pertaining to Gaul or Ifrance Gaiu^icism. gal’ -le-stzm, s. A mode of speech peculiar to the Fi*ench nation , a French idioin. Gallicize, gal' U-size, v.a. To render conformable to the French idiom or language. Galligaskins, gnl-le-gas'-kins, s.pl. Large open hose ; leather protectors mr the legs of sportsmen during shooting excursions, &c. ^ „ Gallimatia, gal-le-ma'-she-&, s. Nonsense ; talk with- Gallimaofry^ gal'le-mato’-fre, s. A hash ; a dish con¬ sisting of different meats; a hodge-podge ; any mcon- sistent or ridiculous medley. _ Galiinace.^, s.pl. An order of domes¬ tic fowls, of wl-.ich the Gallus, or Cock, is the type. Gallinaceous, gal-le-na'-she-uSf a. the GallinacecB, or domestic fowls, or those ot the Pheasant kind. . . j. Gallixo, gawl'Ang, 8. A fretting or wearing of the skin by friction. , .. Gallinipper, gaV-le-nip-per, s. A Gallinsecta, gal-lin-sek -tdi s. Gall-insects, a family of Hemipterous insects. . Gallinule, gal’-le-mde, s. The water-hen, a bird allied to the coot and rail. Galliot, See Galiot. . , •_ Gallipolj-oil, gal-lip'-o-lc.-oyl, s. An mferior kind of olive-oil brought from Gallipoli, in the kingdom of GiLL?POT, gal'-le-pot, s A small pot or vessel painted and glazed, used for containing medicines. Gallitzinite, gal-litz'-in-itBf s. Rutile, an ore of titanium ,, , a ^ Gai.livat, gal'-U-vat, s. A small vessel used on the Malabar coast. o Galliwasp, (jal'-le-toaspy s. A reptile of ^he Samian order, about two feet long, a native of the vvest indies Gall-less, gawl'-les, a. Free from gall or bitterness. Gallon, gal'-lon, s. A measure of capacity for dry or liquid things, but usually for liquids, containing four Gall^ , gat-loon'y s. A kind of close lace made of gold or silver, or of silk only. , Gallop, qaV-lop, v.ii. To move or run with leaps, as a horse, to run or move with speed; to ride with a galloping pace ; to mn over. — s. The rapid or springing movement of a quadimped, particularly of ^ horse. , . Gallop ADR, gal'-lo-pade, s. A kind of dance, or of music appropriate to the dance. Galloper, gal'-lop-er,s. A horse that gallops ; a nian that gallops or makes haste.—In artillery, a carnage on wliich very small guns are conveyed; a field^lece attached to a cavalry regiinent. _ Gai.lopin,± gaV-lo-piUy s. A servant for the Kfrchen. Gallo-tannic Kcid, gal'-lo-tan’-nik as'-id, The pure tannin of nut-galls, employed for cheimcal purposes. Gallow,± gaV-lOy v.a To fright or terrify Galloway, gaV-lo-wa, s. A hardy species of horse of a small siz<^ originally bred in Galloway, m Scotland. Gallowglass,J gal'-lo-gl'ds, s. An ancient Irish foot Giuiw^s, gal'-lus, s., pi. Gaixowses. An Ins^ment of punishment whereon mminabi are executed by hang¬ ing , ta wretch that deserves the gallows, a pair of pantaloon suspenders, {mtlgar).~GaJXou)s-b%ts, in ships, a frame of timber, forming a support for the spare top masts, yc^rds, and biK,t a. Angry; malignant. Gally, gawV-e, a. Like gall ; bitter as gall. Oally, 8. See Galley. Gally'Avorm, ni s. An insect of the centi¬ pede kind. Galoche, pd-Zos/it'', 8. A patten, clog, or wooden sh4j, or a shoe to be worn over another shoe, to keep the foot dry. Also written Galushk. Galt, s. A stiff, blue marl of the chalk foruia lion Galvanic, gal-van'-ik, a. Pertaining to galvanism; containing or exhihiting it.—A galranic hattinry L> any arrangement of galvanic circles made so a^ to pro¬ duce an effect greater than a simple circle could occasion ^ ^ w Galvanism. gal'-van-tz7n,%. That department of phy¬ sical science by which electricity is produc<;d, mde- pendently of friction, by connecting di^imilar metals, and using an intervening oxidating fluid Galvanist, gal'-van~ist, s. One versed in galvanism. Galvanize, g^r van-tae, v.a. To affect with galvanism. Galvanized, g»/'-tHzn-tse’d, pp- ora. Affected with gal¬ vanism .—Galvanized iron consists of corrugated iron dates tinned by a peculiar process, wherebyjt isjen- plates tinned oy a peculiar process, lo dered lees liable to be acted upon by moisture, or One who describes humidity of the atmosphere. Galvanolooist, gal-van-ol'-o-jisty s the phenomena of galvanism. G.alvanologh, gal-van-ol'-o-je, 3. A treatise on galva¬ nism, or a description of its phenomena. Galvanometer, gal oan-oin'-c-ter, 1 s. An instrument Galvanoscope, 1 for measuring the force or detecting the presence of minute quantities of galvanic electricity. , ... G.AMA-ORA88, gct'-md-gr'ds, s. A tall aiid^ exceedingly productive grass, chit^fiv of Mexico, winch admits ol being cut five or six times a year. Gamashb8 ,J gci-mash'-eSy s.pl- Short spatterdashes., similar to gaiters , buskins. * Gambadoes, gam-hd' -does , s.pl. Leather coverings for the legs in riding on horseback ; spatterdashes. Gambet, gam'~bet, a. A bird indigenous to northern climates, of which there are many varieties, as the greenshank, the redshank, &c. Gambibr, gam'-beer, s. A vegetable extract from the Uncaria Gambier, used as a dyeing and tanning sub¬ stance. . ,. . Gambison,! ga‘>n'-be-su7i, s. A stuffed doublet, formony worn under armour. Gambit, gam'-bit, 8 . lu chess, a term applied to a game begun by moving the king’s or queen’s jiawn two squares. Gamble, gam'hl, v.n. To play or game for money. — v.a. To gamble away is to squander by gaming. GAMBLift, gam'hler, s. One who games or plays for money or other stake. Gambling, gam'-blitig, 3 . The act or practice of gaming for money. , • ». w Gamboge, gasn-booje' , s. A vegetable gum resin, brought from Cambodja, in Asia, much used as a yellow pig- Gameol, gam'-bul, v.n. To dance and skip about in sport; to frisk ; to leap ; to play in frofrc- — 8. A skipping or leaping about in frolic; a hop; a leap; a sportive prank. .. Gambrel, gam'-bre\, s. The hind leg of a horse ; a ..tick crookea like a horse’s leg, used by butchers. A gam¬ brel-roof is a curved roof. — v.a. To tie by the leg. ^ _ Gambroon, gam-broon' , s. A kind of twilled Uiw^n cloth for linings. Game, game, s. Sport of any kind ; divemon ; amuse¬ ment, pastime ; an exercise or play for amusement, or winning a stake ; a single match at play . advance in play, scheme pursued, measures planned, held sports, the chase, falconry, &c. . animals pursued or ;.aken in the chase or in the sports of the field; mockery; sport; derision.— In antiquity. games were punuc di¬ versions or contests ex^bited as spectecles.— laws are laws by whichi^^rsons without a liceime are prohibited to kill game.^Game-keeper, one who has the care of game. . « — v.n. To play at any sport or diversion ; to play lor a Ga itake or prize , to practise gaining . AME-cocK, game'-hm, s. A cock bred or used to fight. a cock kept for barbarous sport Game-egg, game'-eg, s. cock is bred. Gameful, game'-ful, a. Game-leg, game'-leg, 8. Gamblbsb, game'-les, a. Gamhsome, gmn^-sum, frolicsome. An egg from which a fighting* Full of game or games. A lame leg. Destitute of game. a. Gay ; sportiTe f : aAMESOMELY [ 432 ] (^AEBLE O AHEsosreLT, ad. Merrily; ^ylayflilly. fjjAii28o»^Bss, s. Sporriveness; merri¬ ment. a.utBSTBtt, gameT-ster, s. A person addicted to gomiiiff • a gambler; one engaged at play, ta merry, froUc- some person ; a prostitute. ge^~ming, s. The act or art of playing any ^ine in a contest for a victory, or for a prize or stake; the practice of gamesters.— Gaming-house is a house where gaming is practised.—is a table appropriated to gaming. Gamma, gam'-m&. 8. The name of a surgical instrument, used for cauterizing a hernia, and so called from its resemblance in shape to the Greek gamma. OAMMAaiNA, gam-mA-ri'-n^, s. A mmily of Amphi- podoi^ Crustaceans, the Gammarincsor Sandhoppere, of which the genus Gammarus is the type. G.AMMAaoLiTB, s A petrified crawfish or other cmstaceous animal. Oammbr, gam'-iniyi\ s. The compeliation of an old woman, answ'ering to gaffer, applied to an old man. Gammon, gnm'-mon, s. 'fhe buttock or thigh of a hog, pickled and smoked,or dried , a smoked ham; a g am e usually called backgammon ; an imposition or hoax. 7'^' tuake bacon ; to pickle and dry in smoke ; to msten a bowsprit to the stem of a ship by several turns ot a rope.—In the game of baekgammoyi, Gie party that, by fortunate throws of the dice, or by superior skill in moving, withdraws all his men from the board before his antagonist has been able to get his men home and withdraw any of them from his table, qammons his antagonist.—To impo.se on a pei-son by making him believe improbable or ridicu¬ lous stones. G^monino, gam'-mon-uig, s. Tlie lashing by which t/ie bowsprit of a vessel is secured to the stem. G^opetalocs, gam-o-pet'-al-us, a. In botany, having the petals united towards the base. Gamosbpaloos, gam-o-se'-pal-us, a. A term applied to the calyx of a flower when the sepals cohere by their edges so as to form a tube. G.AMUT, p'flm'-ui, 8. In mutic, a scale on which notes are written or printed, and, to W’hich^ Guido applied the monosyllables nt, re, mi, fa, sol, la; the first or note in Guido’s scale of music; the modern Gan , gan. A contraction of began. Oancu, gansh, v.a To drop from a liigh place on sharp stakes or hooka as the Turks do malefactors. GANceiNQ, gansh^-ing, s. The act of letting one fall on sn^p stakes or hooks; a Turkish punishment of cri- miuids. G.ANDER, gan'-der, s. The male of the goose. Gang, gang, v.n. To go , to walk — 8. A company, or a number of persons associated for a pjirticular purpose; a crew or band.—In seamm's language, a select number of a ship’s crew, appointed on a particular service, imder a suitable officer.—In mtntng, a course oi vein , an earthy, stony, saline, or conibnstifc?e substance, which contains the ore of metals. Gang-boaud, ganff-board, a. A board or plank, with Cleats for steps, used for walking into or out of a boat a term applied to planks placed witbin or with¬ out the bulw'arks of a Yes.sel’s wai.st, for the sentinel to walk or stand on. Oano-uats, gang'-days, s pi. Days of perambulation. Ganokr, gang'-er, s. The forenum or manager of a railway^ navigators, or plate-layers on a Ganohorn , ^an^-/iorn, 8 . A flower. GK}iQ\.iKc,gan(/-gLe-ak, la. Relating to a gan (i.c-NGLioNiG, nGn$r-gr/«-o?t'-iA, / glion, or to any nerve wliich exhibits ganglia in its course. (J .\NQLfroRM. ganff-gl-faicrm^ a. Exhibiting the figure ^ o. * GiR 1 Sfiirb, s. Dress ; clothes; habit, fashion or mode Cl dress ; exterior appearance ; looks.—In heraldry a sheaf of ^ain. G.arbage, g'dr'-baye. s. The bowels of an animal refu^w parts of flesh , ofteJ. Gaebiged, gdr'-bcgd, a. Stripped of the bowels. GiREsn, a. Dressed , habited. *^diip*’"' plank next the keel of a Qareuh, pitr'-WiA, 8. See GiRBAss. — T.a. To eienterate , to disembowel ’’’P separate the fine or ralnabie pa^ of a snbtitance from the useless parts to incii out or separate such parts from a whole a» may serve a purpose ; to nick ; to cn!! out. ' GAEBLED [ 433 ] GARTEE-nSH Qaebled, g'dr'hld, pp. or a. Sifted; separated; culled out to sei've a purpose. Gaubleu, g'dr'bler, s. One who garbles, sifts, or separates, one who picks out or selects to serve a purpose, as m ciuotntions. GiiuiLEs, gdr'bls, 8 .pi. The dust, soil, or filth severed from Kood spices, drugs, &c. Gaublinij gar'Uing,^. A coirunercial term for picking or sorting Hence the worst or refuse of any staple is called garblings, Garboaud, gar'-board, s. The garboard plank, in a ship, is the first plank fastened on the keel on the outside. Garlioard-streak is the first range or streak of planks laid on a -ship’s bottom, next the keel. Garboil,$ a'dr'-boxjl, 8 . Tumult; uproar. 6-AttD, g'drd. See Goard and Wap.d Gardaj^t, gar'-d mt, a. In herakiry, a word denoting any beast full-faced, and looking right forward. Garde-bras^ g'drde'-hrd, s. (.X'r.) In a7'icient almonries, a piece of armour fastened to the elbow-plates; an arm-guard. Garuen, gdr'-d^n, 8 . A piece of ground appropriated to the culti^tion of plants, fruits, and flowers; a rich, well-cultivated spot or tract of country; a delightful spat.—Garden, in an adjective sense, has many useful compounds ; as garden-balsam, the plant JiisHcia pectoralis ; gardeyi-ci'ess, the plant Lepidium mtivum, which is used in saljids; garden-mould, mould fit for a gcirden; garden pink, the Dianthus plumarixLs, the flowers of which are either double or single, and of vai-ious colours ; garden-plot, ^plixutA- tion laid out as a garden; garden-rocket, the plant liriica sativa , gardcn-stnff^ vegetables for the table, or esculent plants growing in a garden; gdrdm-UUage, tillage used in cultivating gardens. — v.n. To lay out and cultivate a garden. Gardener, gdr'-den-er, s. One whose occupation is to cultivate and keep gardens in avdifir:.—Gardeners' Company is one of the companies of London, which has no hall, and is not on the livery. Gardening, gar'-den-ing, s. HoiUculture; the art of forming and cultivating garden grounds, whether for ornamental or culinary purposes. Gardenless, gdr'-den-les, a. Destitute of a garden. Gab don , gar' don, s. A fish of tlie roach kind. Gare, gare, s Coarse wool gr^'wing on the legs of sheep , gear. $ glare; show, or orilliancy. Garfish . gar'-fish, s. A marine fish, the Eeox belong of Ijiniiieus Garganey , gdr'-gd-na, s. A species of duck, often found in this country in the winter. Gargawinb, gar'-gd- neen, s. An extract of madder, pre-' pare 1 in France, by means of sulphuric acid. Gargarisu, gar' -gar-izm, s. A gargle , any liquid pre¬ paration used to wa-'h the mouth and tliroat. Garoarize, gar' gar-ite, v.a. To wash Or rinse the mouth with any medicated liquor. GAR.<4iTE,J gar'-gate, \s. The throat; a disease in GAaGET4 gd'-' get, ( cattle affecting the throat. Gargil. g'dr'-ghd, 8 . A distemper in the heads of geese Gargle, gdr'gl, v.a. To wash the throat and mouth with a liquid preparation, which is kept from de.scending into tlie stomach by a gentle expii’atiou of air . tto wai’ble , to play in the tliroat. “8. Any liquid preparation for washing the mouth and throat Gahglinu, c;af‘'-g'(!tnp, s. The act of washing the throat witii ri garicle Garglion g'dr'-gLe-un, s. An exudation of nervous juice from a wound, which indurates into a tumour. Gargol. gar' -g -I, s A di««-temper in swine Gargoyle,+ gdr'gogl, s The spout of a kruttei’in ancient buildings, frequently representing a part of the human figure Also spelt gargle, gargyle, gwgoyle. Garish, risk See Gairish, and its derivatives. G.\rland, g Hi-' land, s A wreath or chaplet made of branches or flowers; on ornament of flowers, fruits, and leav'is intennixed, anciently used at the gates of temples , the top , tlie principal thing , a collection of little printed pie-cea.—In nautseal matters, a son of hag of net-work used by sailors to keep provisions in ; also a litnfe rope or strap Lushed to a spar when hoist¬ ing it on boai’d a vesAsd. — 7.a. To deck with a garland. fiiRLANDLEss, a. Destitute of a garland. Garlic, g'dr'-lik, s. A plant of the genus allium, having a bulbous root and strong smell. Garlic-eatee., gdr'-lik e-iur, s. A low fellow. Garlic-pear-tree, a. A tree in Ja¬ maica, the Ch-ateeca. Garlicky , gar'-Uk-e, a. Like or containing garlic. Garment, gdr'-ment, s. Any article of clotlung,a8 a coat, a gown, &.c.—Gas-ments, in the plural, denote clothing in general; dres.''. Garner, gdi’’-ner, s. A granary; a building or place where gi ain is stored for preservation. — v.a To store in a granary. G-arnet, giir'-net, s. A common mineral of a deep-i'ed colour, consisting principally of silica, alumina, and lim e; acorn-measure of Russia.—In ships, a sort of tackle fixed to the main-stay. Garnish, g'dr'-nUh, v.a. To adorn; to decorate with appendages ; to set off.—In cookery, to embellish with sometliing laid round a dish.—To furnisli, to supply. —In law, to warn ; to give notice. — s. Ornament, sometliing added for embellishment; decoration.—In cookery, something round a dish as an embellishment.—In gaols, fetters. Garnished, g'dr'-nisht, pp. of the verb to garnish. Garnishee, ^ar'-m«A-e, s. Innate, one in whose bands the property of an absconding or absent debtor ia attached. Garnishbr, g'dr'-nish-er, s. One who decorates. Garnishing, gdr'-n%sh-ing, s. That which garnishes; ornament. Garnishment, gar*-nish-ment, s. Ornament ; embel¬ lishment ; warning , legal notice to the ^ent or attorney of an absconding debtor to appear in court; a fee. Garnison^: gdr'-ne-su7i, s. A garrison or guard. Garniture, gdr'-ne-tchure, s. Ornamental appendages embeliihhment; furniture; dress. Oarous, ga'-rxts, a. Resembling pickle made of fish. Garpikb^ gdr'-pike, s. A sea-fish with a long snout, belonging to the Esocidee or Pike family. Garran, I I 8. A diminutive horse; a higb- Garron, / ^<^r-run,<^ home; a hack; a jade; a gaUovvay. Garret, gar'-ret, 8. That part of a house which is oi\ the upper floor, immediately under the roof; X rotten, wood. Garkbteu,^ gnr'-ret-ed, a. Protected by tuiTets Garreteer, gar-rei-eer', s. An inliabitant of a garret,, a poor author Garret- MASTER, gar'-ret-^nds'-ter, s. One who sellft hou.'iehold furniture to the furniture dealers Garrison, gar'-re-mm, 8. A body of troops stationed in a fort or fortified town , a fort, castle, or fortified town, furnished with troops to defend it, the state of bein.g placed in a fortiflcaiion foi its defence. It is sotne- times sy nonymous witli winter quart<:‘rs- — v.a. To place troops in a fortress for its defence , to. fumi.sh with soldiers, to secure or defeud by for- tJ esses manned with troops Garrisoned, gwr' re-sund, pp. of the verb to givrrisan. Garoot, gar'-rot, s. In surgery, a small cylinder of Wood employed to tighten tlie circular band by wliich the artery of a limb is compressed, fiT the purpose of checking the flow of blood after amputatioii or other¬ wise Garrote, gar-rote', s. A punishment in Spain by strangling the condemned with an ii’on collar, which is tightened by a screw — v.a To strangle GarrulinvE, gar-ru-U'-ne, 8.pi. A sub-family of the CorvidcB, of which the Gai-rulns, or Jay, is the type. Garrulity, gar-ru'-le-te, & Talkativeneftb , loquacity, the practice or habit of taiidng much . a babbling or tattling. Garrulous, a. Talkative; prating; loqua¬ cious. Garrx’ iTJOSLY, gar* -ru-lus-le, ad In a talkative manner*. Gari*yace.*, gar-rg-a^-se-e, 8.pi. A natural order of de- ciinous Exogens, consisting of shrub*- without sti¬ pules, of which the Garrya is the type. Garter, gdr'-ier, s. A string or band used to tie a Sticking to the leg; the badge of the highest order of knighthood in Great llntain, called the Or-aVr of iW Garter, instituted by Edward III-, hence, the order itself, tlie principal king at arms.—In heraldry, the half of a bend. —v.a. To bind vvith a garter; to invest with tlie Order of the Garter. GARTER-rieij, g'dr^-ter-fish, s. A sjccies of flih a long body. QABTEE-SUAKE £ 4 &i ] GATEMAN AUTEa-SNAKB, g'dr*-Ur-snake^ s. The striped snake, a C'lainon American serpent, not poisonous GAaTH. garth, s A dtun or weir for cauhing tish , fa close , a yard , a croft, a garden.—In anoitnt statutes, gcrrihman is mentioned as the owner of an open weir where hsh are caught. GAfii'M, ga'-rstm, 8. (Lat.j A sauce, much prized by the ancients, inade of the pickled gills or other prepa¬ rations of fish. Gas, gas, s A permanently elastic aeriform fiuid, or a substance reduced to the state of an aeriform fluid by its permanent comMnation with caloric. There are Tarious kinds of gases, four of which are simple sub¬ stances, as oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and chlorine, the rest being more or Less compound; as carbonic gas is a compound of oxygen and carbon ; sulphurous gas, of sulphur and oxygen, &c.—The word gas forms a variety of compounds ■, as gas-apparatus, the fur¬ naces, retorts, pipes, &c., us^ in the manufacture and application of g&s.—Gas-btimer, ^e jet fixed at the end of a gas-pipe, for the purpose of separating the flame, that its light may be more diffused.—Ga«- fitter, a workman who fife* up pipes, burners, gasa- liers, &c., for g-^LS.—Gas-holder, a large reservoir for containing gd^.—Gas-light, the Light afforded by the combustion of carburetted hydrogen gas, as pro¬ cured by the distillation of coal, oil, t^, &c.— Gns- mains, the principal pipes which conduct the gas from the gas-woiksto the places where it is to be consumed -Gas-meter, a simple mechanical contrivance for measuring and recording tlie quantity of gas passing tluough a pipe in any given time.— Gas-purifier, a vessel into which the coal-gas enters from the retort, after passing through the vessel of cold water into which it first enters.— Gas-register, a simple fnstru- ment for indicating and registering the impurities of gd>.%.—Gas-regulator, an apparatus for equalizing and regulating the flow of gas.— Gas-retort, a vessel used for holding the coal or other maicrial ol which ga& of any kind is to be made.— Gas-stove, a st<.)ve heated by gas, for cooking or otlier purposes.— tar, the bitu minous substance that distils over in the manufrwi- ture of coal-gas, which, though very offensire jn smell, is used for various purposes; and more espe cially in the production of modern dyes.— Gas-waicr, water through which the common gas made at the gas-works passes.—As, the manufactory where the coal-gas is made, including all the appai’atus, im¬ plements, and material in general use. Gasalier, gas-d-leer', 8. A gas-burner for a private room ; a gas-burning chandler. Gascon, gas’-kon, s. A native of Gascon, in France. Gasconade, gas-kon-ade', s. A boast or boasting; a vaunt; a bravado; a bragging. — v.n. To boast; to brag; to vaunt; to bluster. Gasconader, gas-kon-a'-der, s. A great boaster, a vaunting fellow. Gaseity, gas-e'-it-e, s. The nature of gas; state of being gaseous. Gaselier, gas'-e-leer, s. An apparatus for making aerated waters. Gaseous, ga'-ze-us, or gaf e-us, a. In the form of gas or an aeriform fluid. Gash, gash, s. A deep and long cut; an incision of con¬ siderable length, particularly in flesh. — v.a. To make a gash, or long, deep incision; to cut. GA.suvvh, gash'-fil, a. Full of gashes; hideous. Gasholder, gas-hoald-er, s. A vessel for containing and preserving gas, a gasometer. Gasipi(.ation, gas-e-fe-ka’-shun, s. The act or process of converting into gas. Gasiform, a. Having the form or prin¬ ciple of gas. Gasify, g i^-e-ji, v.a. To convert into gas or an aeriform fluid by combination with caloric. Gasket, gas'-ket, s. A flat plaited cord fiistened to the sail-yard of a ship, and used to furl or tie the sail to tlie yai'd ; the plaited liemp used for packing the piston of the Qteam-eugine and ite pumps.—In shipping, the I’ard-onn gasket is a plaited eord made fa«t to the y.u'd-arm, wivicb serves to bind the sail as far as the _ 'juaner gasket, on large yards. G-SKINS, gast-kins, s.pl. Galligaskins; wide, open nose. G.^30meter, gas-som'-e-ter, s. A machine attached to gas-works and pipes to show the quantity used; an instruiucjit or appamtus intended to measure, collect, pres‘;rve, or mix (iifferent gases. Gasometrt, gas-somf-e-tro, s. The science, art, oi practice of measuring gases. Gasoscope, gas'-o-skupe, s. A term applied to a recently- invented apparatus for indicating tiie presence of caj- buretted hydro^n ga& in mim-s, buildings, &c. Gasp, v.n. To open the mouth wide in catching the breath or in laborious respiration, particularly in dying , to loi^ for. — v.a. To emit breath by opening wide the mouth, to labour under difficult respiration. — s. The act of opening the mouth to catch the breath; the short catch of the breath in the agonies of death. Gasping, gasp’-ing, s. The opening of the month U c^itch breath. Gassing, gas'-sing, s. The process of singeing lace, net. &e., for the purpose of removing the hairy filaments from the fabric. GtvssouL, gas'-sool, 8 . A mineral soap exported from Morocco. Gassy, ga^-se, a. Full of gas ; inflated. GtCTiifnoj'-icr,} aghast; to frighten. Ctasteropods. See Gastropods. Gastnkss, gast-nes, s. Amazement; fright. Gastric, gas'-trik, a. Belonging to the beUy or sto Gastric juice, a thin pellucid liquor produced by a peculiar set of secretories or glands in the mucous membrane of the stomach, and one of the principal agents in ffigestion. — Gastric, or gastro (irom, Gr. gaster, the ^mach), is very extensively used in the composition of medical terms; as, Gasteralgia, pain in the stomach or bowels ; Gastro-cephalitis, inlmm- ination of the stomach and biain, Gastro-coUc, nf^ec- tion of the stomach and colon, &c., Gasiro-enteritis, inflammation of the stomach and intestines ; Gastri - malachia, a softening of the stomach, a dasease occur¬ ring in infants. GiSTRiciSM, gasf-tre-sizm, s. The act of filling the oelly , gluttony.—Ill pathology, gastric affection or disairangement of the stomach. Gastriloquist, gas-tril'-o-kwist, s. One who speaks from his belly or stomach; one who so modifies hia voice that it seems to come from another person <.‘r place; a ventriloquist. Gastrilouuy, gns-tril'-o-kwe, s. A speaking that appears to proceed from the belly. Gastritis, gas-tri'-tis, s. Chronic inflammation of the stomach. Gastrodynia, gas-tro-din’-e-d, s. A painful affection of the stomach attendant on dyspepsia. Gastrology, firafi-froi'-o-je, s. A treatise on food, or the stomach. Gastromanct, gas'-tro-man-se, s. A kind of divination among the ancients by means of words seeming to be uttered from the belly. Gastronomist, gas-tron'-o-mist, s. One who likes good living, an epicure. Gastronomic, gas-tro-7iom'-ik, a. Pertaining to gas tronomy. Gastronomy, gas-tro7i’-o-me, s. The art or sciMice o-' good eating. Gastropods, gas'-tro-]7ods, s. The third class of MoUusca. which move by a fleshy apparatus under the belly, or have the belly and feet joined,—the Lintax, or uug. being an example of the class. Gastropodous, gas-trop'-o^dus, a. Having the belly and feet joined. Gastroraphy, gas-tror’-d-fe. s Tlie operation of sewing up wounds of the abdomen Gastroscopy, gas t7'o^-ko pe, s. An examiratio.u Gf the abdomen for the detection of disease. Gaotrotomy, gas-U of-o-me, s. The operatfon tf tutting into or opening the abdomen. Gat4 gat, la’et. of Get. Gate, gate. s. A large door which gives entrance into a wallea city, a castle, a temple, palace, a- other large edifice ; the entrance; a frame of timber, iron, &c., which opens or cioses a passage into »nv en¬ closure , the passage; the frame which shuts oi stops the passage of water through a dam. lock, &c : an avenue, an opening, a yt&y.— GsUe-ninges sa* i’oog strong hinges on which a gate is suspended. Gated, ga'-ted, a. Having gates. Gatblbss, gat^-les, a. Ha^ng no gate. OxTSMAjs, gaW-man, a. The attendant at a swing-gate at a railway crossing; the gaU-portcr at a park- lodge; the lessee or collector at a toll-gate, where GATEWAY [ 435 ] GAZETTE tails are taken from passengers, to (l6^ay tlvc expenses of the road, Ac, Gateytay, ^ate'-wa, 8. A way tlirongh the gate of some enclosure . the gate or entrance itself. Gather, v.a To bring togeth^; to collect; to get in harYest; to reap or cut and bring into barns or store*, to pick up; to glean , to get in small parcels and bring together ; to pluck , to collect by cropping, picking, or plucking, as fruit, tn assemble, to con¬ gregate . to brin» persons Into one place, to muster ; to collect in abundance ; to accumulate , te amass . to select; to sweep tog'»ther; to bring into one body or interest; to draw together from a state of expansion or diffusion, to contract, to gain; to pucker; to plait; to deduce by inference; to collect or learn by reasoning; to coil, as a serpent.—tJo aathtir brmth, to have respite. — T.n. To collect, to unite; to increase, to be con¬ densed ; to increase, to grow larger by accretion of like matter ; to assemble ; to generate pus or matter. — s. A plait or fold in cloth, made by drawing. Gathbrable, gnth'-er-&~bl^ a. That may be collected; that may be deduced. Gathered, pp. or a. Collected; contracted ; plaited, drawn by interence. Gatherer, gath'-&r-er One who gathers or collects; one who gets in a crop Gather iifo, gath'-er-ing, s. The act of collecting or assembling ; collertion ; a crowd ; an assembly; cha¬ ritable contribution , a tumour suppuj’ated or matu¬ rated . an absress. Gatter-tuee, gat'-titr-tree, s. A species of cornus, or cornelian cheiry. Gat-toothed4 gat'-tootht, a. Goat-toothed; having a lickerish tooth . lustful. GAUD.t gmod, v n. To exult; to rejoice. —j; s. An ornament; something worn for artoiTiing the person. GAFDKD,$j?«wri'-«d, a. Adf^nied with trinkets , coloured. Gaudery, gaw'~de-re. ^ Finery; fine things; orna¬ ments. Gaudful, gawd'-fxil, a. Joyful; showy. Gai'dily, gaw’-de -le, ad. Showily ; with ostentation of fine dress GAtiDinKss, gmv'-de~nes, 8. Showiness, tinsel appear¬ ance ostentatious finery. Gu’dlbss, a. Destitute of ornament. Gatuy, gatw'-df., a. Showy . splendid ; gay ; ostanta liously fine, beyond the simplicity of nature; i festal. r^joicing- GAcrFERino, getwf'-er %ng, 8. A mode of plaiting or fluting frills, &c., in which the plaits are wider than usual- Gauob, gf^t, v.a. To measure or to ascertain the con¬ tents of a cask or vessel; to measure in respect to proportion. — 8. A measure ; a standard of measure; the number of feet which a ship sinks In the water.—Among letter-fownd»r»^ a pjeoc of hard wood variously notched, used to adjust the dimensions, elopes, &c., the various sorts of letters.—An instrument in joinery, made to strike a line parallel to the straight side of a board.--In ruilron^. tlie distaoice between the rail.s . the Wood gtritge being seven feet, and the nwrro%o gauge four rcet seT^n and a half inches.— SUding-gauge. a tool used by wwithematioal instrument makers for fheasuriug and setting off dirtflneas.— it^u-gauge. an mstmraent for measuring the quantity of water which falU from the elmid* at any given place.—an instrument for finding the depth of the sea. - Byphon-gauge, a name given to any gauge which is made in the form of a syphon, such as the steam-gauge, condenaor-gauge, &c.— Tul^gauge, an instrument for determining the height of the tides.— Wind-gauge, an instrument for naeasuring the force of the wind on any given 8urCft«e.—In gunnery, gauges are brass rings with handles, to find the diameter of all kinds of shot with expedition. Oauorabui, gajff'-d-bl, a. That may be gauged or measured. Gauobr, gt^d-er, s. One who guuge* ; an officer whose huainee* is to ascertain the ootitanhi of casks. GAusiTfo, s. The art of moasuring the con¬ tents or capaciti^ of Tssaelsof anv form.—Ghaxtging- rod is an instrument to be used In measuring the contents of casks or ve8ee.l8.—G«t#^m^-r«/c, a ending rule with four facea, particularly adopted to the pur¬ poses of gauging. Gaul, geswl, s. A name of sncleat Fi'ance; also an in¬ habitant of GauL Gaxtlisu, gawV-ish, a. Pertaining to ancient France or Gaul Gaelt, gawit, s. A provincial term for a series of bed of clay and marl, lying between the upper and lower green~e.s, inteij. An exclamatory term used by team¬ sters when directing their teams to pass further to the right, or from the driver, when on the near side bometimes \vritten Jkb. Geese, yheese, s.pl. of Goose. Geest , uheest, s. Alluvial matter on the surface of land not of recent origin. Gehenna. 8 . A term used by the Jews to express a place of future punishment; a place of Rumination , nell, so called fri/' s. concrete aniiiml substance obtamea by boiling ,vltb water the soft and solid par^ of aiiinuj matter , as the muscles, cartilages, tendons, bones, hoofs, hides. &c., from which are pro- djiced glue, size, isinglass, &c. — Oelaliftes, a nmne given to the Acalepha of Cuvier, from their gelati- nouv** properties. ” Having the form Gelatin i 2 B,t jc-lat'-e-nize. 5-/'-«d-;c, ad Coldly. GELiDNE8s,>€/'-u/-we5, 8. Colduess. Gellt Je!'-le, s- See Jelly. GELT.t gkelty 8. A cOvStrated animal; a gelding; tinsel ■See Gilt. G«m, jem, 8. A precious stone used for ornamental purposes; the principal gems being the diamond, ruby, emerald, amethyst, jasper, onyx, chalcedony, topaz, cornelian, rock ciysral, and blood stone.— Artificial yeyns arc made from a very fusible trans¬ parent glass, prepared by a skilful admixture of the metallic oxides, especialh oxide of lead.—In bo nny, gems are the leaf-buds, or frondous germination of a plant, to distinguish it from flower-buds. - Gem admits of various compounds; as gevt-embossed, bossed with gen:i8 ; gem-adorned, gem-glittering, ».tc. — v.a. To adorn with gems; to bespangle; to embellish with detached beauties. — v.n. To bud; to gerniinate. Gemmaceous, jem-ma'-she-us, a. Relating to gems, or leaf-buds; having the nature or appearance of gems. GEMAnA,>-mar'-d, s. The second part of the Talmud; the commentary on the Mishna Gem ABIC, a Pertaining to the Gemara. GEMEL,iem'-cZ, s. In heraldry, a pair; two tilings of a sort. GEMEi.-RiNo,>em'-«/-riw 9 , s. A term applied to rings wuth two or more links, now written Gimbal GEMELLiP-AROus.yem-ci-/ip'-d->*Ms, a. Producing twins. Geminate, -f- jem'-e-nate, v.a To double. — a. In applied to the parts of plants which are disposed in pairs from the same point. Gemination, jem-e-na'-shun, s. A doubling, duplica¬ tion , repetition. Gemini, jem'-e ni, s.pl. (Lat.) Twins.—In astroiiomy a constellation or sign of the zodiac, containing the two bright stars Castor and Pollux. GEMiNous,^>m'-e-»irA8, a. Double , in pairs. GEMiNT,icm'-E-n<>, 8. Twins, a pair; a couple. GEMMARY,j-'em'-md-re, a. Pertaining to gems or jewels. Gemmate, jem'-mate, 9.. Having buds. Gemm.ated, jVm'-ma-fed, a. Adorned with gems. Gemmation, jetn-mn'-shun, s. Budding , the process of reproduction by buds GEMMEous,>m'-m«-«s, a. Pertaining to or' resembling gems. Gemmiferous, a. Producing buds. GEMMiNES8,jem'-me-nee, 8. Sprnceness; smartness. Gemmipares, jem-viip'-A-rese, s.pl. Animals which propagate by buds, as the fresh-water polyp, the hydra. Gemmip.arous, yem-mip'-d-riis, a. Producing buds, re¬ producing by buds on the body, as in some polyps. ,X jem-7no$'-e-te, s. The Quality of being a gem or jewel. GEMMCLE,jem'-mM/e, s. A little bud or gem. Gemmuliferous, jem-mu~lif'~er-u8, a. Bearing gem- mules. Gemmt, jem'-me, a. Bright; glittering , full of gems neat; spruce, smart. G'emot^,X ghem'~ote,s. (Sax.) A meeting. Gen, j>n, s. A kind of manna obtained in the East, from the Camel’s-thorn, th*. £le.r money owing.~6re7»«ra/ Post-q^'e is a term applied to the head office in London, situated in St. Martin’s- le-Cirrand for the reception and traiismia^ion of letters, newspapers, &c., and for the general management and superintendence of all post-office armiigements. — B The whole , the total, that which comprehends ^1, or the chief part, the chief commander of an army, the second in rank being styled lieutenant- general, the commander of a division a r?ir(;or-j/cn«ral, and the commander of a brigade a hngadter-general; all general officers being above the rank of colonel.—A | particular beat of drum or march, being that wluch, 111 cht* morning gives notice for the infantry to be in ' reatiiiiess to march.—The chief of an order of monks, or of all the houses or congregations established under the same rule , % the public , the interest of the whole. —In general, in the main , fur the most part Genkralb, ;Vn-cr-rt'-/e, 8. ^Lat.) The general assem¬ blage or commons of a religious house Generalissimo, (Ital.j The cliief conuiiander of an army or military force , tlie supreme commander ; sometimes a title of honour. GemeRa^litv, jen-er-al''C-te, 8. The. State of being geii'-ral, the quality of including species or parti¬ culars , the greatest part. f Generalization, jen-er-al-e-za'-shun, s. The act ol niakinii general, or of reducing particulars to generals. ^ ^ ^ Generalize, V.a. To extend from parti- culai-8 or species to genera, to make gimeral or common to a number, to reduce particulars to generals. ^ , ,, jen’-er-al-le, ad. In general, usually, or¬ dinarily, or commonly , extensively, though not universally , most frequently, in the main; in the whole taken together. _ ^ . Generalness, jen'-er-al-nes, 8. Wide extent, though short of universality , frequency ; commonness Gen era lship, Jen' er-nl-ship, s. Military skill in a com¬ mander , dextrous management of any important Gbn nitALTi,+jfirt '1 8. The whole, the totality. Cenerant, ien' er-ant, s. The power that generates, the power or principle that proriuces.—In geometry a line surface, or solid generated, or supposed to be generated bv the motion of a png, ppr. or a. Procreating, psoductng , forming. Generation, s. The act of begetting ; procreation, as of animals , production; formation, a single succession in naturel as the children of tiiC ? 9 me pnreats; an age; the people of the same periou, w living at the some time: genealogy; a series of children or dtiscendants from the same stock; a family , a race ; progeny ; offspri^. -In physiology^ the colfective namf of all those vi /.■■ operations en¬ gaged in the production of an organ being parti¬ cularly in the Mammifera, as conception pregnancy, parturition, and lactation. Generative, Jen'-er-a-tiv, a. Havi '>? ipower a* generating or propagating its own piOt>fic Generator, s. He o* that vvhich begets, cause^, or produces ; a vessel in wn h steam is gene rated.—In mu te, ihe principal or sounds by which others are produced. Generic, 7 «-ner'-»A:, la. Pertain ..ig to a genus oi Gzis zKiCKL, je-ner'-e-kal 1 kind; mipreherjuing the genus Gen ERIC ALLY, ad. Witn regard to genus or kind, Gknbricalness, je-ner'-e-kal-nes, s. The quality of being generical, or appertaining to a gx »is. Generosity, jen-er-os'-e-te, s. The ouuiity ol being generous , libesality in principle disposition to give liberally , + l of soul magnanimity Gen erous, yen'-«7 -w«, a. P'^imarily, oeing of honour- abh' birth or origin ; hence, nobie, hoiK'urable, mag¬ nanimous , liberal, bountiful, munificent, beneficent; bounteous; free to give, full of spirit; overtiowing; abundant, sprightly ; courageous. Generously, jcn'-er-us-le, ad- Ho. urably ; not meanly ; nobly ; magnanimously ; Uberaily ; munifi¬ cently. ^ . Generousness, jen'-er-us-nes, s. Th-c quality of being generous; nobleness of mind ; liberality ; munifi¬ cence Genesis, jen'~e-sis, 8 . Generation, of producing; the name of the first book of the < ho Testament.—In geometry, the formation of a lin*^ nlanC; or solid, by the motion of a point; line, or suiuice Genet, yeu'-tf' . 8 . A small-sized, well . lOportionedhorse, common in Spain ; an animal allied to the civet, and resembling the polecat in appearance. Genet, i • f* ^ name given to car-skina Genette, j I when made Into muffs and tip¬ pets. a? if they were skins of the genet. , je-neth'-le-ak, %. A short hirrh-day poem. Gbnethliac,+ je-ueth’-le-aky \ %• Perteining to GENBTHLiACALj-j- jt-ueth'-le-fi-kal, I nativities as cal¬ culated by astrologers, showing the position of the stars at the birth of any person. GBNETHLiAcs,-t je-ueth'-le-aks, 8. The astrological system of calculating nativitien, or predicting the future events of life, from the stars which preside at the birth of persons GbnethliaticjJ jf- neth-le-atf-ik, s An astrologer, or one who calculates nativities. Genetic, je-net'-ik, a. Pertaining to the origin of a thing, or it* mode of prodin tion. Geneva, je-ne'-vd, s. A spirit distilled from grain or malt, with the addition of juniper bemes; the word is usually contract©^ and confoundea with gin. Geneva-biklb, je-ne* t>h-bi'bl, s. Tlie whole English Bible printed at Geneva, first in 1560. Genevan, je-ne'-van. a. Pertaining to Geneva. — 8. An inhabii ant of Geneva Genevanism, je-ne'-X'an-izi'n. %. Calvinism. Genbvkse, jen'-e-vese, s. People of *P-neva. Gbnbvrei’tb, yVri' e-vret, 8. A. wine Diade on the Con¬ tinent from juniper berries. Genial, je’ ne-al,a.. Contributing u> propagation or pro* diiction ; that causes to product gay; enlivening; contributing to life and cheer uinesa; supporting life, tnative , natural. Genially , je'-ne-al-le, ad Gaily; cheerfully ; + by gemui or nature. , Geniality, je-ne-al'-e-te, i a Gaiety ; cheerfulness ; Genialness, je'-ne-ai-nety) tlie quality of being genial. Grniculatr, je nilP-u-late, v.a. To Joint or knot. Geniculate. Je-ntk' u-late, • Kneed. kii^- Gb.v icfLATRO, je nik-u-la'-ted, iointed , having joinw like the knee a little bent Grniculation, je-nik-n Id-shun^ ». Knottiness; tw stHte of having knots T joints like osiuon, incimation turn of mind. Genii, 8 . (I^t.) See GbK^tis. Oenio, 8 . (Ital.) A mail o* a particular turs of miii-J. G-ENISTA t 438 ] GEOGEOST QENrsTAj/e-Mt^-ifi, a. Broom furze, a genus of Legu¬ minous plants, consisting of shrubs with yeHorr flowers Genital, jeti’-e-tal, a. Pertaining to generation, or the act of prooreating. Genitai.®, 8.pi. The parts of an animal which are the immediate organs of procreation. Geniting, jtn%'-e-tingy s. A species of apple that ripens very early Genitive, jcn’-e-tiy, a. or g. In gravyimiar, a term applied tn a ease in the declension of nouns, expressing pninarily the thing from which something else pro- ceeds . the possf^sivt* case. Genitur, s. One who procreates; a sire; a father Geniture, jen'-e-turey s. Generation ; procreation : birth. Genius. >e'-n«-us, s.; pi. Geniuses. (Lat.) The pecu¬ liar structure of mind which is given by nature to an individual, or that disposition or bent of mind which IS peculiar to every man, and whicli quaIifie^ him for a paitieular employment or pursuit, natural talent or aptitude of mind for a particular study or course of ufe , strength of mind ; uncommon powei's of intel¬ lect . the ptiwer of invention , a man endowed with uncommon vigour of mind ; nature; disposition ■ pecul-ar character. — s.. pi. Genii. (Lat.; A good or evil spirit or demon, suppo.sed by the ancients to preside over a man’s destin;? or life .—Genim loci, the presiding divinity or ruling spirit of a particular place, as of a public institution or college. Genoese, je/t-o-ese', s. An inhabitant, or the people of Genoa, in Sardinia. Genodillere, s. Lite.rally, the kneeling- place.—in ton, that part of the parapet of a battei-y which remains above the platform arrd under the gun, after the opening of the embrasure has been made. Gens, yen*, s. (Lat.) In a7icient history, a. clan or sect, which, among the Romans, formed a division of the people next in order to the Otirux. Gent,^ Jent, a. Elegant. pretty ; gentle. Gbntb-el, a Easy and graceful In manners or behaviour, having the manner* or speech-of well- bred people, graceful in mien or form; elegantly dressed, decorous , free from anything low or vulgar j polite, refined, or polished. Genteeli.y. j*7i-teei'Le, ad. Gracefully; elegantly; in the manner of well-bred people. Genteklnkss, jen-teel'-nes, 8. Gracefulness of manners or person elegance ; politeness ; qualities befitting a pel’s* m of rank Gentian jan'-she-an, s . .. The popular name of a genus of herbs of a bitter taste, much used in medicine as a tome.- Geiidan-root U the root of several species of Geiitiana obtained in the Buropean Alps, from which the Swi^ obtain a liquor held oy them in much esti¬ mation. GBNTIANACE.S, jenshe-h-na'-sc-t, s.dI. A natural order of corolliflorni Rxogens. consisting of herbaceous plants, f'f V hicb the Gentian ^ the type. Gen M A nine, s. In chemistry, the bitter principle -f gentian. Gentile, /Wi'-tile, *. In the Scr\ptxires, a pagan; a worshii-t'er of false gods ; any person not a Jew or a Chriistian , a heathen. — a. F^rtnining to pagans or heathens. Genti i.EssE,:^ jm'-te-les, s. Complaisance. Oen ni.isH, a. Heathenish, pagan. Gentilxsm, 8. Heathenism, paganism. Grnth.itial, > a. Peculiar to a people Gentilitious, I or nation; national; hereditary , enWiDed on a family. Gentility , ysn-iil'-t-ie, .s Politenese of maamers; easy, srraoeful behaviour, the manners of well-bred people; gorKi extraction , dignity of birth , gracefulness of mien , {gentry . paganism .heathenism. GHNTiLias, v.n. 'To live like a heathen. GENTisic,y*«' U-tik, a. Relating to gentian. GENTLE.yw'fl, a. Not rough, liarsh, or severe in man¬ ner?. placid, bland, or mild, not wild, tui’bulcnt. or refractory — 6 In i‘.ntoiru>Logy, a maggot or larva of the flesh-fly ; { a gentleman. X v.a. To make gentoel; to raise from the vulgar. GENTi.EFOLs,yff«'f;-7o*e, 8. Persons of good breeding aiul family. Often used in the plural, Gentlefolks. ^ Of gentle dlsposl- GEwnj!MA.N, S. In its most extensive sense, even, man above the rank of yeoman, coinprehendino noblerara , in a more Umited sense, a man who, with' rat a title, ^ 1-8 a coat of arms, or whose ancestors have been freemen , a man of good breeding polite, ness, and ci-ril luannei-s, as distinguished from the J^gar wd clownish, a term of complaisance. — tlen^-aymmanee' is the highest eJaes of eommoners at Oxford U-niversity.— GenHeman-semm 'who serves up the fea.st, &c.— Gentlexnan-ueher, one who walks before lue superior, and introduces stmagers into his prenence.—the body-guard of the sovereign, who are in attendance on all great state occasions —Gentlemen-pertsioners, a band of gentlemen whose ofi&ce it is to atwnd the sovereign on al! state occasions GBNTLEMAN-LJKB,y*ri‘«-wmn-/t*c, | a. Pertaining to or Gentlemanly,/ becoming a gentle¬ man, or a man of good family and breeding . polite ; complaisant, like a man of birth and good breeding. Gbntlbmanlinbss, jen'tl~man-‘le-nes, 8. FiChaviour of a well-bred man. G'ntlemanship, jen’tl-man-shtp, s. auality of a gen- Gextlesess, s, Softness of manners, mild ness of temper, sweetness of disp<.«ition , mild treat¬ ment, tenderness, ,dignity of birth , ±genteel be- haviour, benevolence. G3NTLESHIP4 8. The deportment of a gen¬ tleman. ® Gentlewoman, ;eM'^/-tcww-an, 8. A woman of good family or of good breeding; a woman who vvaits about the person of one of high rank, a term of civility to a female, sometimes ironical. GENTLEWoMAN-LiKBji a Bocomir? a gentlewoman. ” Gmtli, yCTit-./e, ad. Softly; meekly, mildly, with tenderness , without violence, n.ughness or asperitv Gentoo, yen'-too, s. A native of India or Hindostan I one who follows the reUgion of the Brahmins a«»Tiir,>m'-«re. s Birth, condition , tvuik by birth people of education and good breeding , tile classes of people between the nobility and the vulgar ; ia term of civility , complaisance. GauerLireTioN, ym-u-^eA-'-shMn, s. The act of bendin- the knee, particularly in worship. GBMDij.^y«i'-«-wi, a. Native, belonging to the. ori- gmal s^Oi'K , real, natural, veiitahte . pure; unal¬ loyed , not spurious, false, or adulurated Genuinely ad. Without adulteration oi IlirfkiaSTt a/1IT11v4mwA foreign admixture, naturally. GBNT7iWHifB8s,>«n'-«-tn-rje*, s. The state of beino- na¬ tive, or of the true original; freedom from adulteration or foreign admixture; freedom from anything false or counterfeit; purity, reality. Gbnus, ;y-nu«, 8 ., pi. Genera. (Lat.) In natni-al scunce, an assemblage of sj>seies poesesaing certain character* in common, by which they are distin¬ guished from all others. Geocentric, » a. A term denoting Gbocentiucal, ) the position of a celestial obgect as seen from the earth, in contra- distmetion to heliocentric, as seen from the sun having the earth for a centre. Ghocorisji, je o-kor'-e-se, s.pl. A femily of Hymen- opterous insecte with veiy long antenna? inserted between the eyes. Geocronite, je-ek'-rvn-ite, 8 . A lead-grey ore of antimony and lead. G»«c\cieic, a. Encircling the earth peri¬ odically. Gbodb, je'-ode, *. In mineralogy, a rounded nodule of stou#* containing a small cavity, lined usually with ciystals. Geodbsic, Je-o-dai'-ih, j a. Geodetic . relating to Gboumicai., jt-o-cUaf-e-kcU, j geodesy OsoBMv , J. TTiat part of practical geometiw which has for its object the determination of the magnitude and figure either of the whole earth or of any given purtlor of its surface. OsoE*Tic, jd-o-def ik, i a. Pertaining to geodesy OnenaTicAi., je-o-dff -e-kal, j or its meaaaretnents GeoDiFenons, jt~o Hf'^-us, a. Producing geodes o' rounded nodules of stone. Geosnost, je'-oy-nosf, s. One versed in ecognosv a geologist. J . » &E0G1I0STI0 [ 439 ] GEEOOOMIOAL Gbooicostic, je-o^-no^-tiky | a. Pertaining to a GBOttNosTicAii, je-og -nos' te-kai, I tnowlftdge of the strufturt* of the «arth . ifw^Uigicai. OrBOimott^ ,jt>-og'-fto-sty i That part of oatural hiatory 'vhleh treate of the Btruhturo of the («u'th. The same with Gsoiiotm.,j*-o-gon’ ik, a. Pertaining to geogony. Gbooowt -o-ru, s. The doctrine of the formation of the earth GsosB-APHEa, j»-og'-r^/$r, s. One who describes that part of tiih globe or eartli which is exhibited upon the surface , one who is versed in geography, or who compiles a treatise on the subject. Geographic. I a. Relating to or GBO&RA.PUICA.L, je-o-graf'-«-k,al,i containing a de¬ scription of the terraqueous globe, pertaining to geography Gbojkaphicallv, ad. In a geogi'a- phicaJ manner. Geography s. A description of the earth and of its several countries, kingdoms, states, cities, •Szc. , a book containing a description of the earth. Geological, a. P( rtaining to geology; relating to the science of the earth or terraqueous globe. Geologist, je-ol -o-jist, | s. One versed in the science Oeolooian, Je-o-l-cUvided :—The Prim.ary forma¬ tions, consisting of igneous rocks, granite, porphyry, basalt, schists, mehs, &c. The Si^rian system. The Dftvonian or Ola Redsandston^ system. The Carboni¬ ferous system, consisting of the Coal formation, car¬ boniferous or mountaiik limestone, witJi extinct organic remains. Sbcondart formations, composed of chalk, green-sand, oolite, lias, new red sandstone, &c., all abounding in extinct organic remains, chiefly marine. Tertiary or 8uprae-o-pon.'-tA:«, s, The ait or science of culti¬ vating the earth. Georama, je-o-ra'-ind, s. An ingenious invention, of French origin, consisting of a hollow sphere, about forcy feet in diameter, which interiorly exhibits a complete geographical view of the #^urth’s surface, with its parallels and meridians, as oeeu in I.eicoster Square, London. George, yoiy, s A figure of St. George on horseback worn by knights of the Garter. George-noble, jo;y‘-no' 6 Z, s. A gold coin in the time of Henry VIII., of the value of 65 . 8 rf. sterling GBORGic,iori-j''i/c, s. A rural poem ; a poetical comp4:)ei- tion on the subject of husbandry, containing rules for cultivating lands, in a poetical dress. Georgic, j a. Relating to agricultural and Georgical, jor'-je-kaly | rural affaii's. Gborgium Sines, jori-ye-uw s. (I*at.) The name fii^t given, in honour of George III-, to the planet now called Vrajius. Geoscopy, >e-os'-/co-po, 8. Knowledge of the earth ob¬ tained by inspection. Gkothermometer, je-o-ther-mom'-e~ter, s. An insiiu- inent for aAcertaining the degree of heat contairu.'d in the earti. at different places, especially in artesian wells, mines, &c. Geotic, jo-oJ'-ti, a. Belonging to the earth; terres¬ trial. Gekah, jd-rdy s. Tlie twentieth part of a shekel, or nearly three lialfpence. Geraniu.m, (Lat.) Crane’s-bill, a genus of filants, coiisistiug of various species, extensively cultivated in our gardens for the fraiiiance and beauty of their flowers, of the*order Geraniic<-roA;'-o-w«, 8. That part of medicine whlfin ^■eats of tlie proper re^^imen for old people. GEarND, jer'-und, s. In the Latin gramuMr, a kind of vorbai noun, partaking of the nature of a participle. GERrNDiA. 1 , je-run’-de-aly a. Pertaining to or like a gorui# Obsling. 8. See GosiiiNO. Obsneriace.®, jes~ner-c-a^-$e-e, s.pl. A natural order of coroUiilorai Ex''gens, consisting of herbs or shrubs. <>E8SE,^'«s, 8. A name given to the seeds of the culti¬ vated Lnthyrus oi Checkling-vetch, which, when mixed with a due proportion of flour, makes a pleasant kind of bread. Gest,^ jesty 8. \ deed . action or achievement, show j representation , . 'oil or journal of the several days and stages prefixed in the journeys of the English kings. Gestation, ^Ann, a. Tlie act of carrying young in the wombft-om conception to delivery ; pregnancy ; the act of wt iug, as clothes or ornaments , exercise by being boriic or carried, as on horseback or in a carriage; passive exercise. Gestatcrt, jes' ta-6ur-c, a. Pertaining to gestation or pregnancy ; that may be carried or worn. Gestic, jes'~tik, a. Pertaining to deeds; legendary ; re - lating to bodily motion, as in the dance. OESTicrLATB, u-lute, y.h. To make gestures or motions, to postures. — v.a. To represent by gesture ; to act. GssTiciTLATiow,jitfs-i»A;-M-io'-sA^a, s. The act of making gestures to express passion, or enforce sentiments; gesture , a motu«J >f the body or limbs in speaking or reprt'sentation ; aueic tricks or motions. GnsTicuLA.Tc*R,jt!s tik. u-laf-tMTy s. One who shows pos¬ tures or makes gt>cares. 'OBSTrcrLAi'ORi,^6«-j5ii'-u-W-iwr-e, a. Representing in gestures. GE9TorRs4 je^‘tooi s. (Pr.) Itinerant minstrels, who formerly interlarded tiieir songs and tales with jokes and witticisms. Gbstdra-l. a. Belonging to gesture. Gesture, s. A motion of the body or limbs expressive of sen^^meuf or paxsion . any action, atti¬ tude. or posture. tended to express an idea or a pas¬ sion, or to eiifoi: an argument or opinion; move¬ ment of the body ■ * limbs — v.a. To accompany with gesture or action. Gestcrele-ss, JcAT-ytw-iea, a. e from gestures Gkstckement, jest'-yur-inenty s- Act of making ges¬ tures. Get, ghet, v.a.; pret. Got ; pp. Got, Gotten. To gain possession of; to prt>cure , to obtain; to have; to beget, to procreate, to generate to learn ; to con, as a Icbson ; to prevail on; to induce ; to procure to be, as to get the '' uk done.—To gti off, to put off; to take or pull off, a^ a coat; to remove, as a stranded vessel; to sell , to dispose of.— To get or*, to put on; to draw or pull on.— To ge- m, to collect and shelter ; to bring undei '^er.—2^ get out, to di*aw forth ; to extort, as a secret; to dravr out; to disengage.—To get the day, to win; to conquer; to gain the victory. — To get together, to collect; to amass.— To get ower, to surmount to conquer , to pass without being ob¬ structed.— To get above, t" surmount; to surpass — To ge[ up, to prepiL- for coming before the public , to biing forward ; wrth a pronoun following, it signifies to betake : to remove ; to go. — V n. To arrive at any place or state, followed by some modifying word. —To get away or away from, to depart, to quit leaye . or to disengage one’s self from.—To get to aiTive in the midst of.—To get before, to nirive in front —To get behind, to fall in the roar.- To get back, to arrive at tlie place from which one depai-ted , to return .—To get dear, to disengage one’s self, to be r leased.—7 d down, to de.*cpnd. to come ftum an elevatiou.—To get Homr, to arrive at one’s dwelling —To ge, in or ir*-ee, to disen¬ gage one’s sell.—To get of, to escape ; to depart; co ct clear—To get out, to depart from an encloaed lace , to escape .—To get along to proceed , to advance —To gst rid of, to disengage one’s self from; to remove.- To get together, to assemble .—To get up, to riae from a bed or s<*at, to ascend; to climb —To get to pass through and reach a point beyond «g.**tliing ; to flni^ , t© accomplish.— To get quit of, tc nd of; to disengage one’s self from—To gei forira>-d, to proceed; to advance; to advance in wealth.— To get near, to approach withla asmall distance.— To get ahead, to advance , to prosper. —To ge on, to proceed , to advance.—To get a mile, or other distance, to pass over it in tra veiling. — T© get at, to reacli , to make way to.—To get asleep, to fall asleep.—To get drxenk, to become intoxicated.—T« get between, to arrive between —To get to, to reach; to arrive. Getter, ghet'-ter, a. One who gets, gains, obtains, or acquires , one who he^ts or procreates. (i-ErT].v(i,ghetf-ting,^. act of obtaining, gaining, or acquiilng , acquisition , gain . profit. Gewgaw, ghew'-gaw, s. A sho^vy trifle, a pretty tiling of little worth; a toy; a bauble; a splendid plaything. — a Showy without value. Geysers, ghe' ser%, s. The name of certain fountains in Iceland which spi'Ut forth boiling water. GhastfuLjJ gnst'-ful. See Ghastly Ghastfully, gast'-ful-ie, 3.iX Frightfully. Ghastliness, gast'-le-nes, s. Horror of countenance; a deathlike look , resemblance of a ghost; paleness. Ghastly, gast-le, a Like a ghost in appeai'ance; deathlike, pale, dismal, grim; horrible, Uiockina , hideous . frightful, sls wounds. Ghastnes84 gast'-nes, s Ghastliness. Ghaut, gawt, s. A name given in India to a pass throujfh a mountain , a range or cliain of mountains ; stairs descending to a river. Ghee, ghe, s In the East Indies, butter made from the milk of buffaloes, and clarified by boiling. Ghei!Er and Ghebrs. See Gueber. Gherkin, gher'-kin, s. A small pickled cucumber. Ghibellines, ghib'-bel-line.s, s.pl. In Italian history, the name of a political party which maintained the supremacy of the German emperors over the Italian states, in opposition to the Guelplis, or adherents of the Pope. Guole, gole, s. An imaginary demon of the East, supposed to prey on human bodies; more properly ghoul. Ghost, goast, s. Spirit, the soul of a deceased person ; the soul or spirit separate from the body; apparition ; spectre.-To give up the ghost, is to die; to yield up the breath or spirit, to expire.—The Holy Ghost is the tliird person in the Trinity.—The Order of the Holy Ghost, the principal military order of France previous to the Revolution.—In nafitra/ history, Ghost-moth is a nocturnal lepidopterous insect, tlie Hepialus humuh. v.n. To die ; to expire. —X ^ To ba^nt with an apparition. Ghostlb8s,J goast'-les, a. Without spirit; without life. Ghostlike, goast-like, a. Withered; having sunkea eyes, ghastly. GHoeTLiNKSs.-l- goast-le-nes, s. Spiritual tendency. Ghostly, goast' le, a. Spiritual ; relating to the soul not canial or secular ; pertaining to apparitions. Ghote, goit, s Among the nations of the East, an imaginarv evil being. Ghoul, god, s. An imaginary demon that feeds on the dead. Giallolino, je-al-lo-U -no, s. (Ital.) A fine yellow pigment, much used under the name of Neales yellow, Gumbf,aux4 zham'-bo, s.pl. (Pr.) Greaves; armour for the legs. Giant, ji'-ant, g. A man of extraordinary bulk and stature , great physical or intellectual powers.— Giant's Causeway, a vast collection of baaaltic pillars in the county of Antrim, in Ireland.—Giant-fennel is the common name of the Fenula communis, one of the tallest of oar herbaceous plants. — a Like a giant, extraordinary in size. Giant-like, 1 a. Of unusual size; reaem- GiAHTLT,-f i biing a giant In bulk or stature, gigantic, huge. Giantess, jf ant-es, s. female giant; a female of ex- traordina^ size and stature. Giantize, ji'-on-ti%4, v.n. To play the giant. Giantry,+ jt-an-trs, s. The race of giant*. GiAfiTsniT, jt-ant-ship, s. The state, quality, or cha¬ racter of a giant. Giaouh, jeowr, *. A name given by Turks to un¬ believers in their religion, and especially to ChriS' tian*. Gib, phib^. A tom-cat. —t v.n. To act like a cat; to catemaul. GiBVE.t ghib, s. An old* worn out animal. GIBBED [ Ul ] GILL-0PE1?I1stG oiai!ED4 a. Having txwm cater-wauliiiK. Gib«er,j ghilZ-berf v-n. speak rapidly and ixartaCil- lately Gibbehish. gfiib'-ber-ish, 8. Rapid and inarticulate talk , unintelliirible language ; unmeaning words. — a. Uunieaiiing, as words. —t v.n To prate idlv or unintelligibly Gibbet, jib'-bet, s. A gallows; a post or machine in form of a gallows, on wnich notorious malefactors are hanged in chains ; the projecting beam of a crane, on which the pulley is fixed. — v.a. To hang and expose on a gibbet; to hang or expose on aaiythiiig going traverse. Gibbeted,/ ib'-ori-cd, pp. of the verb to gibbet. jib'-be~er, s. Wildfowl; game. Gieble-gxbble, ghib'bl-gab'bl, s. Any rude or noisy convemation ; fustian language ; bai barous speech. O.p.Boy, ghib'-bon, The long-armed ape, a native of the Indian Archipelago.—Gi6ion is a general name gi ven to all the species of the llylobates. The largest of the group is black, and an inhabitant of Sumatra. Gibboss, ghib-bose’, a. Humped; a terra applied to a suT'face which presents one or more large elevatiims. Gibbositx, ghib-los'-e-fe,&. Protuberance; a round or swelling prominence; convexity. Gibbous, ghib'-bus, a. Swelling; protuberant; convex; applied to the shape of the moon during the week before and after the full moon; hunched; hump¬ backed; crook-backed. Gibbouslv , ghib’-bus-le, ad. In a gibbous or protuberant Gibbousness, ghib'-bui-nes, 8. Protuberance ; a round prominence ; convexity. Gibbmte, pftifi'-stfe, s. A mineral found at Richmond, in Massachusetts; a hydrate of alumina, and so called from Mr G. Gibbs, the discoverer Gib-cat, ghih'-kat, 8 . A he-cat, or an old worn-nnt cat. Gibe, jibe, v.n. To cast reproaches and sneering ex¬ pressions ; to rail at; to scoff; to sneer. — v.a. To reproach witli contemptuous words; to deride ; to scoff at to ridicule. — 8. An expression of censure mingled with contempt; sarcastic scorn ; scoff; taunt; railing ; reproach. Giber, ji'-6er, 8 . One who utters reproachful, censo rious, and contemptuous expressions, or who casts cutting, sarcastic reflections; one who derides ; a scoffer. Gibingh, jf-bing-te, ad. With censorious, sarcastic, and contemptuous expressions scornfully. Gibionite, ghib'-e-on-ite, s. An inhabitant of Gibeon, situated a few miles to the north of Jej usalem. Giblet, jib'-let, a. Made of giblets , as, a giblet pie. Giblets, yife'-iefs, s.pl. Those parts of poultry which are usually excluded in roasting, as the head, feet, pinions, heart, gizzard, liver, &c. Gibs, ghibs, s pl. Ill meclianics, pieces of iron employed to cl'Sp together the, parts of framework Intended to "b© Icpyp.d Gi-B-STj^¥T,'ghib'-8taf, 8. A staff to gauge water, or to push a boat; t the name of a weapon formerly used in fighting beaste on the stage. Gtd, ghid, s. A disease in sheep. (riDDiLT, ghid'-de-le, ad. With the head seeming to turn or reel; inconstantly ; unsteadily ; with various turnings; carelessly ; heedlessly; negligentiy. OiDDiNEss, ghid'-de-nes, s. The state of being giddy, vertigo, mzziness; a sensation of reeling or whirl¬ ing i a swimming of the head ; inconstancy ; un¬ steadiness ; volatility ; changeableness j frolic ; wan¬ tonness ; levity. Giddv, ghid'-de, a. Reeling ; whirling , dizzy •, having in the head a sensation of a circular motion or swim¬ ming ; that renders giddy i that induces giddiness; rotary , running round with celerity ; inconstant, unstable; changeable i fickle i volatile ; heedless; wild i thoughtless; roving ; tottering ; unfixed ; in¬ toxicated i elated to thoughtlessness i rendered wild by excitement or joy. — v.n. To turn quick. — v.a. To make reeling or unsteady. Giddt-brained, ghid'^e-braynd, a. Careless ; thought¬ less. Oiddt-hbad, gkidf-e-hed, 8, A person without thought or judgment. Giddi'-heaued, a. Heedless; unsteady; volatile ; incautious. Gid»\-pacei), gMd^-e~payste, a. Moving irregularly, Giek-baolb, jeer-^gU s. A bli'd of the eagle kind. GfESRociTB, gh{f‘Sek-iiey s. A mint/aJ which hw bee^ coiusidered identical with elaolite. Gi7,-\gh.if. The old spelling of »/. GiET, ghift, 8. Anytliing given or bestowec a aonation grant, boon, or gratuity , the act of giving'or con. ferring, the right or ^-ower of giving or bestowing an offering or obhitioi a reward , a bribe, power some quality conferred by the Auth'^r of our nature. * — v.a. To endow with any power or v’ulty Gifted, ghift'-ed, pp. or a. Endowen by nature with any power or faculty , fui'nished 'V’rb oot particular talent ^ ^ , Giftedness, ghift^-tM'l-tieSy s. The sta'e of being giited. G\o,qhig,^. Any little thing that i> r-.imd m play, a top or whirligig, a lignt ' - »*riage with one pair of wheels, dniwm by one lu)rsp ^ chan or chaise. a dart or harpoon; a light ship’s foat, d^^signed for rapid raoticm ; a sliearing frame us? 'bi ovopping the nap or wool from cloth.—G/i 7 s,in are «w'eU- ings on the insides of a horse’s i. c-^.—irigs- in me- cArtoic.s, are rotary cyjiuiers covcreo with wre ccetli, for teazling woollen cloth. —X v.a. To engender ; to fish with s gig, or fish-gig. Gigantean, ji-gan-tef-any a. Tike a giant, mighty, irresistible. Gigantic, jUgan'~tik, a. Of extraordinaiy size; very large; like a giant; very great excessive; huge, enormous, or colossax Gigantologv, ji-gan-toV-o-je, s. A txt'atibe on giants. Gigantomacht , ji-fifau-iom'-A Ae, 8. The fabulous w'ar of the giants against heaven. _ Giggle, ghig'gly s. A kind of laugh, with short catches of the voice or breath — v.n. To laugh with short catches of the breath or voice , to laugh in a silly, puerile mar^'er ; to titter. Gigoleu, ghig’gler, 8. One who giggles o '■itters. Giggling, g/iig'gling, s. The act of laughing with short catches ; tittering. _ Giglot, gig'-lot, s. A wmnton , a lascivious girl. — a. Giddy ; light; inconstant; wanton. Gigot, jc'-go, 8. (I'r.) A term appiiiju. in cooksTyy to a leg of mutton. ^ ^ Gilbehtinb, qhil'-her-thie, s. One of a religious order, 60 named from GUhert, lord of Sen mnughara. in Lm- colnshire. . , , — a. Belonging to the monastic order mentioned above Gilbbrtite, ghil'-ber-tite, s- A yello vVish-white niiiiei«*Jj of sUky lustre, easily cut with a ,'.ife, so called in honour of Davies Gilbert, Esq. Gild, ghild, v.a.; pret. and pp. Gilded, or Gii.t. I o overlay with g<'ld, either in leaf or powder, or lu amalitam with quicksilver ; to qv^^rspread witii a thin covering of gold, to adorn with ‘ustre; to render bright; to illuminate; to brightoiu to give a fair and agreeable external appearance. ^ ’ •’* ■ ’ — overlaid with gold leaf or or whose occu¬ pation Is to overlay tilings ivith gold; a Dutch coin of the value of twenty stivers usually written. Guilder. „ Gilding, ghiV-ding, 8. The art or practice of overlaying things with gold-leaf or a thin coating of gom , that which is laid on in overlaying with gold.-Gt/dtup- metal, an alloy composed of copper, old brass, and Xm.—Gilding-sizey a description of size for the use oC GuxfffSL 8. The organ of respiration in fishes, through the vascular openings of which the water has ad¬ mission, and acts upon the blood ; d;p flap that hangs below the beak of a fowl or bird; the flesh under the B. A measure of capacitv containing the fourtli part of a pint; a genus glechoma; malt bquor medicatea with ^ound- i-vry.—in ludicrous language, a female; a sportive or GiTL^FL^pf B. A membrane attached m the posterior edge of the gill-lid, immediately closing the gill-opening. . . , Gill-tlirt, jiV-Jlirt, s. A sportive oi wanton girl. Gill-house, jU'-hota, 8. A house of pubim entertain¬ ment, in which aills of liquor or any other qiiantiues GmiBsi'i EJE, ghil-le-st m-se-e, s. r.aniral order oJ Liliaceous pl^ts, of which the gilltafi^ is the type. Gill-lid, oMl'-Ud, s. The covering of the joll. GiLi-orEN^o, ghil-o'pn-ttig, s. The aperturo of s GILLIAN [ 442 ] GIETH fuh or other animal, by which water is admitted to the gills. GiLLiA-.s,^yt7'-/!e-a5f», 8. A wanton girl. Gillie, A btw, a page or menial. Gillv-floaver, jil'-le-jiour, s. The common name of the garden stock, tlie Matthiola incana. Gilpy, 8 CSc.) A young froliesofme fellow, or >P'olive girl Gilse, yhi s, s. A young salmon. Gil! . ghiU, p^. or a. Overlaid with gold-leaf; adorned. ®'., Gold laid on tht suil'ao.e of a thing, gilding.— (jilt jeweller. a manutacturer of gilded ornaments to rep^e^ent ijold. iiLT-EDfii.D, ghilf'-edjd, a. Having the edge covered 'vitli gold-lea . Gilt-heao, ghilt'-hed, s. A spinous-finned fish, having ^ a golden yellow space over the eyes; a bird Gilt lAiL, ghtlf'-taie, s. A worm so called from its yellow tail. Gi>i4jiw,a NeatjSpmce; well-dressed. Gimhals, jini'-6a^s. s. A name given to two brass rings wliich move within eacli other, each perpendicular to Its plane, and used in suspending the mariner’s coinpaas GiMCRAOK.,^im'-A:m/c,8. A trivial mechanism; a device; a toy ; a pretty thing. Gimlet, gkim'-let, s,. A small instrument with a pointed screw at the end, for boring holes in wood. — v.a. In seameiVs language, to turn round an anchor by the stock. Gimleting, ghim'-let-ing , s. Act of tuming an anchor round by the stock. GiM.M.ALjt ghim'-mal, s. Any kind of joined work, ^mosG parts move within each other; a quaint piece of machinery.— Gimmal-bit is the double bit of g, bridle. ~WOTk links, or any inter-conjoining Gimmer, ghim'-mer, s. Mechanical contrivance or machinery; a name given to a female sheep.—A gimmer-lamb is one unweaned. Gimp, ahimp, s. A kind of silk twist or edging. — a. Smart, spruce, or trim. Gn^jjm, 8. An ardent spirit distilled from grain, and flavoured with the oil of juniper, and so called from ^^xevre, the juniper-berry , or perhaps from Geneva, its original name.— Gxn-palcice , or (riti-shop, is a house licensed for the retail of gin or other ardent spirits. —A machine for driving piles, raising great wmghts, &c.; a snare or trap.— (^fi^Jiouee is a building where cotton is einned. -v.a To clear cotton of its seeds by a machine; to catcii m a trap. Gis4 gkin^ v.n. To commence , to set about a thing, Gij)a4j/Ainp, s. A gang or body of persons acti together. Gingal, jtn'-oai, s, A matchlock, or large musket, us.cd in India and China by the natives, generallv with a rest. “ •' Gingas, ji,t’-gas, s. (Fr.) Cloth for mattresses. GiNor.a.ytn -jer, 8. A plant, which is a native of Gingi, in Chma, the root of which i_Zinzib, r officinale) is well known for its hrt and spicy qualities, and for its peat use in culinary and other purposes.— Ginger- beer, or Omger-pop, is a beer impregnated with ginger, cream of tartar, sugar, and yeast.— Ginger- wme, a pleasant liquor impregnated with ginger. Gingee-bueai., J%n'jer-bred, s, A kind of cake, com¬ posed of flour with an admixture of butter, pearlash and ginger, sweetened.— Ginger-bread nuts are small cajies made of the same materials.— Ginger-bread tree the common name of the Parrna^'UMn maexo- pnylium. — G-mger-bread work, work cut or cai’ved in varied and fanciful shapes. Gi.vGEni.y, jin'-jer-le, ad. Xicely ; gently ; cautiously GitiOKRn-Bf-s,! jm-Jer-nes,s. Niceuess , tenderness '^fdoth''”' A *^““1 bf sb-iped cotton Gi.NKiBRii, s. Ginger; zinzibor. Gino I.NG, jmg'-ing, s. In mining, the lining of a mine¬ shaft, for the purpose of support. Gingival, jin'-je-val, a. Pertaining to the gums Gikgle, j I v.n To make a iharp. clattering Jingle, I I sound ; to ring, as a Uttle bell. UiNGLE, T.a. To shake so as to make clattering sounds in quick su-cession . to ring, as a Little bell -s. A shiill, clattering sound , aflfeeiati^ in the sounds of penods in reading or speaking; an old-ftishioncd ding ^ tae county city ot Uork.— (MngleTnan is the name of the driver so as to man Gi-nmbt, jin'-net, s. A naf^ ‘^'is Jek plant of the gennspotiar, found parts of Asia and America, and thence fu/re^miitive'’*^^’ ^ “aed as a pow'er- GiP.yi//, V a. To take out the entrails of herrings. name of a wandering race ol J” Pa^'* of Europe, Asia, and Pmoi?- ^tf ®aid to be a corruption of *’ ^’’005*“ tt t. supposed that the race ori¬ ginally sprans from some of the lower castes of India.. ...L rtproacliful name for a dark complexion , audi "JJ^^^apphed to a woman, it implies artifice or- — a. Pertaining to or resembling the Gipsies. o^ lieavy vehicle lin ^ace ®*P®^ families live, and move from place toi Gipsttsm, jiff-se-tzm, s. The arts and practices m Gipsy ' ; cheating; flattery ; the state of » *■ f**® Cameleopard, an African quad- luped, sometimes twenty feet liigh, having very long- lorelegs and neck. => j oug, Oin.ANDoLii^.yir'-aii-dois, s. A chandelier ; a large kiniii of branched candlestick for gas; a stand foi flowerS; Gra^soni ! J»-'-A-sol, f The turnsole a plant of ^ , ’ ( the genus heUotropium, a. when turned to the sun, reflects av j ettaisii light. Ginn, gherd, s. A twitch or pang ; a sudden spasm. tPrtt. and pp. Girdep or Giar. To bind by sur¬ rounding with any tte.xible substance ; to make lost', by binding; to put on; to invest; to surround; to- clothe, to dress; *0 encircle; to enclose; to en¬ compass ; to gibe ; to reproach. — v.n. To gibe; to sneer; to break a scornful jest; tc utter severe sarcasms. ® GiiiDEp, gher'-ded, pp. of the verb to gird. GiiiDER, ghef-der, _s. In architecture, the principal! fri^ed*^ f™ljer in a floor, in which the Joists are- Guiding, gher'-ding, s. A covering. Girdle, ghir'dl, s. A band or belt, something drawni round the waist of a person, and tied or buckled , en¬ closure; circumference, the zodiac; a round iron- plate for baking; among jewellers, the iiiie which, encompasses the stone, parallel to the horizon.—In, architecture, a circular band or flUet sui-roundmg part of a column.—ffirdie-iirii, a belt for encircling the- waist.— Girdle-stead, the part of the body where the‘ girdle is worn.— Girdles, among the ancients, were- zones 01 - belts, tied about the loins to keep up the- loose garments which were then in u-se. — v.a. To bind with a belt or sash; to gird; to enclose, to environ ; to shut in. Girdled, ghifdld, pp. of the verb to girdle. Girdler, ghir'dler, s. One who girdles; a maker of.' girdles ; a brj^zier. — Girdlers' Company, one of tbo' livei*y companies of London. Girdlixg, gnird'ling, s. A mode of killing ti’ee.'i by. cutting circles round them with a hatchet, and so* leaving them to perish by time. GiRB.jire, 8. See Gyre. Girl, gherl, s. A female child, or voung woman.— jVmong 9port8m»ti, a roebuck of two years old. Girlhood, gherl'-hood, s. The state of a girl. Girlish, gherl'-ish. a Like a yr^ing woman or child* befitting a girl. * " Girlishly, gherl’-iih-le, ad In the manner of a girl GiaoafDisT, zJ^-ron'-diet, s. A word denoting a cele¬ brated political party in the I*>ench Revolution, caiiepe to lin up t-hft rigging to th.c m&st-hesid, on first rigging tne ship. . ^ GraTM), ah9rf~«d, pp. of the verb to gxrt. Gibth, gh^th, v.a. To bind vrith. a girth. Gisajlm^ ghii'-e^n, s. A battle-axe. v.a. To feed or pasture. gtwMi, 8. I’ashion ; guise. » OisMowDiNs, s. A ininGral found at L-apo de Bove, near Uouie, of aa adf^ntine lust^, and consisting of silicaj alumina, lime, magnesia, and oxide of iron and manganese. Gist, jist, s. In law, the main point of a question; the poiut on which an action i*ests. Gittern, ghif-tern,s. See Guitar. Gite, jeet, s. (Fr.) A place where one sleeps or re¬ poses. , Gittith, ghit'-tith, s. A scriptural word for the wine- Giusto, joos'-to, 8. In music, a term signaling that the movement before which it is written is to be per¬ formed lii rm equal, steady, and just time. GivE,.< 7 Aiy, v.a.; pret. Gave; pp. Given. To bestow; to confer, to grant or transfer without requiring a recompen.se, to transmit from himself to anoth^ by hand, si)Ci’ch, or writing; to deliver, to impart; to communicate ; to pay ; to yield; to lend ; to quit; to grant; to expose ; to yield to the power of; to allow ; to permit; to afford; to supply; to furnish; to em¬ power; to pay or render. —To give away, to alienate the title or property of a thing ; to transfer.— To gtve back, to return. — To give chase, to pursue.—To give forth, to publish.—To give the hand, to yield pre-eim- neuce.—To give in, to ^low by way of abatement. To gtve over, to leave ; to Quit; w abandon; to believe to be lost.—To give out, to utter publicly; to report, to exhibit in false appearance.-To give up, to resign ; to renounce ; to .surrender.—To give one's self up, to de¬ spair of one’s recovery ; to abandon.—To give way, to yield; to recede. — v.n. To yield to pressure; to begin to melt; to thaw ; to grow soft; to move ; to recede.—To give tn, to go back.—To give into, to yield assent.—To give off, to forbear.— To give on, to rush.—To give oui, to pro¬ claim.—To give over, to cease ; to act no more. Given, ghiv'n, pp. or a. Bestowed, granted, or con¬ ferred. Giver, gkiv'-er, s. One who gives; a donor; a be- sto wer. Gives, jives, s.pl. Fetters or shackles for fhe feet. Giving, ghiv'-iug, s. The act of conferring ; an alleging of what is not real. ^ ^ i. Gizzard, oAiz 5 '-aar6TTT,t glan-du-lotf'C-tey 8. A collection of glands. GI.4NS, giana, e. 'fhe nut of the penis, or that port which Ls covered by the prepuce; an acorn; a strumous swelling. Blaph .r’d^. gla-^-'-e-de, s.pl. A family of Coleop¬ terous insects, file Wasp Beetles, distinguished for theif hairiness GLARt, s .. bright, daaBling light; clear, bril¬ liant luscre tha.' aaxzles the eyes; a fierce, piercing look a viscous, cransparent substance. *—v.n. To shine with a clear, dazzling light; to look with fierce, piercing eyes; to be ostentatiously splendid — v.a To shoot a dazcLing light. Glareoi'8 , gla'-rt-ua, a. Resembling the white of an egg viscous, and tran^arent or white. Gla-rinq gLaf-ringy a. Clear; open and bold; bare¬ faced. Glasinglt, '*W-ring-ley ad. Openly; clearly; noto¬ riously Glarinbss, gla-i-f, nea, is A dazzling lustre or Glaringness, glaf rinq-nes ,) brilliancy. Glart, giaf-re. a Having a diizzling or brilliant lustre. Glass, glxMy s. A hard, brittle, transparent, factitious substiince, fonned by fusing sand with fixed alkalies; a small drinking vessel of glass ; a mirror ; a vessel to be fillea with sanG for measuring time ; the destined time of man’s li^e , the quant y of liquor fiiat a glass vessel contains a vessel that snows the weight of the air, a Jen* or . vtical iustriunent through which an object is viewed .he time which a glass runs, or in which »i is tX.'-austed of sand.—Among seuinetiy the common name * telescope. Olaaa admits oi a variety of Compounds; as, Glaas- hendet ^ workman who moulds glass into certain forms by iu- l ilass-blcnoer, one whose business is to blow and fashicr glass.— Glaas-coachy a coach superior to a hackney '..> 3011 , hired for a certain period as a private carriage — Glass-cutting, the process by which glass may be ^’ut or giuund mto ornamental forms.— Glass-furnacey furnace in which the materials of glass are melteu. Gtass-gaul, the neutral saltskimnied from the surface of melted crown glass.— Glass- gazing, addicted to viewing one’s self m a glass or mirror .—Glass grindery one whose occupation is to grind and polish gla.ss.— Glass-houssy a house where glass is made.— Glass-metal, glass in ftLsion.— Glass- man, one who sells glass.— Glass-f^^tinting or staining, the methoQ of staining glass in a manner so a.® to produce tlie of representing all objects of which the ai'tia iusceptible.— Glass-paper, pulverized paper faste ed on paper with glue, for abrasive pur¬ poses.—a vessel used for melting glass.— Glass-rougher, » workman who dulls the surface, or removes the polish from ^hxsRes.—Olasa-sUverer, one I who coats glass with quicksilver for mirrors, &c.— Glass-soap, a name given by glass-blowers to the black oxide of manganese.— Glass-toork, manufacture of glass. -Glass-works, the place or building* where glass is made. — a. Made of glass; vitreous. — v.a. To case in glass; to cover with glass; to glaze, which is the most used ; :j:to see as in a glass. Glasses, gla^-siz, s.pl. Spectacles for assisting the sight. Glassful, gla^-ful, s. As much as a glass holds. Glassily, glas'-se-U, ad. In a glassy manner; with glassiness. Gr.ASsiNKss, glas'-se-nes, s. The quality of being glassy or smooth , a vitreous appearance. Glars-likb, glas'-iike. a. Resembling glass. Glasswori Qiay wurt,8. A plant growing in moist, i? miip.h whinh ia iienU salt di8rrict^ ain yielding much soda, which is used in making glttaif OfuissY, glajs' h Made of glass, vitreous; r&+vwrr Glib, glib, a. Slippery, smooth, or voluble ; admitting abodv to slide easily on the surface. — s. A thick curled bush of hair hanging down over the eyes. , ,, — Y.a. To castrate ; to make smiXJth. Glibli, ffW/e, ad. Smoothly ; volubly. ^ Glienbss, 8 . SmoothncK; alippermess, voiu- GLiD^'^id^vm.'* To flow gently; to move sUently and smoothly ; to move or pass rapidly with apparent _^s^^%he act or manner of moving smoothly, swiftly, and without labour or obstruction. Glidex, gli'-der, s. He or that which glides. Gliding, gli’-ding, s. In muaic, a term applied by nute- p'ayers to the action of gently slidmg the finger forwards fi'om off the hole it ha* been employed in GumNQLl', gli'-ding-U, ad. In a gliding manner. GLiKE.oiiitc, s. A sneer; a scoff; a flout. Glim,, glim, s. A light or candle. StiU used among GuME^^iime^ v.n. To glance silly ; to look out of the Glimmer, glim'-mer, v.n. To shoot feeble or scattered rays of light, to sWe faintly; to give a feeble light. — s. A fault light; feeble, scattered rays of light.— In mineralogy, see Mica. f..v*vvti-rr Glimmering, glim -mer-%7ig, ppx. or a- Shining faintly. — 8. A faint beaming of hvht; a slight view. Glimi'Se, gli.upse, 8. A weak, famt light, a fla^-h of Ught; ^ansient lustre; a short, transitory view; short, fleeting enjoyment; exhibition of a faint re¬ semblance. — v.n. To appear by glimpses. Gliris, gli'-ris, s. In zoology, an order of Mammalia, the K(^e7itia of Cuvier. Glist, aZisZ, s. Glimmer; mica. Glisten , giwtn, v.n. To shine ; to sparkle with hght G^8tee, glie'-ter, v.n. To shine; to he bright; to Sparkle. _s. Glitter; lustre. Glistering, gii^-ter-mg, ppr. or a. Shining; sparkling Glister'inglt gli^-ter~ing-le, ad. "With shining lustre. v.n. To .spkrkle mth light; to shine, or fflisten; to be splendid; to be showy , specious, or attractive. — 8. Brightness; brilliancy; liistre. Glitterand,! a. Sparkling. Glittering, a. Shining ; brilliant. Glitterimqly, glit^-teT-ing~ie, ad. ^ith spaikling lustre. Glo.am, ffZart- etfied, wearing the ^pect of sorrow; heavy of heart; + of a dark complexion. GLORiATioN,t glo-re-a'-shun, S- Boast; a tefiiimphing. Gloried.! gZo'rid, a niustrious , honourable _ Glorifi' ATioN, 8 The act of giving glory, or of aswribing honour* to, exaltation to licuout and dignity. GLORIEIED [ 446 ] GLUT # Glorified, pp. of the verb to glorify. Glohjfy, v.a. To praise; to modify and honour In worship ^ to ascribe honour to, m bought or words, to laud i to bless, to make glorious; to exalt to glory or to ealestiai happiness; to praise ; to honour. Glorious, glo'-rt-uif a. Of exalted excellence and splendour ; ihustrious, eminent, or renowned; reeplcm- deni in majesty and glory i conferring splendour or renown; very honourable; t boastful; self-exulting; haughty, ostentatious Gloriooslt, glo'-re-ui-U, ad. Splendidly; illustriously; with gi'eai renown or dignity. GLOEioosjfBea, glo'-re-ua~nes, s. The state or quality of being glorious. Glory, pio'-r«, 8. Brightness; lustre; splendour; mag¬ nificence , praise ascribed in adoi'ation, honour; fame, renown. celebrity; the felicity of heaven prepared for the children of God ; celestial bliss.—In Scrtpiurcy the Divine presence; the Divine perfec¬ tions or excellence ; pride ; boastfulness; arrogance. —In painting, a circle of rays surrounding the heads of saints, &c. — v.n. To exult with joy, to rejoice, to boast; to be proud of. Glort-suitter, glo'-re-smifn, a. Smitten with glory. Glortirq, glo'-re-i')%g,%. The act of exulting; exulta¬ tion , boasting; display of pride. Gloss, gios, s. Brightness or lustre of a body, proceed ing from a ^ooth surface; a specious appearance or representation ; external show that may mislead opinion, an interpretation artfully specious . com¬ ment , explanation. — v.a. To give a superficial lustre to ; to make smooth and shining , to explain ; to render clear and evident by comments, to illustrate; to give a specious appear¬ ance to, to varnish. — v.n. To comment; to write or make explanatory remarks ; to make sly remarks. Glossa, glosf-sd, s. (Lat.) In zoology, a term applied to the tongue of Dipterous and Kymenopterous insects. Glossalgia, glos-al'-je-A, s. Pain in or affection of the tongue. Glossarial, glos-nx^-re-al, a. Explanatorj of words Glossaeist, glos'-sii-rist, s. A writer of glosses or com¬ ments Glossary^ glos'-d-re, s. A dictionary or vocabulary, explaining words which are obscure, antiquated, local, Glossator,J glos-$a'-tnr, s. A writer of comments: a commentator. Glossed, glost, pp. of the verb to gloss. Glosser, gio^-ser^ Is. A writer of glosses; a scholi- GloS 818 t,$ glos'-sist,) ast; a commentator ; a polisher; one who gives a lustre. Glossily, fios'-se-le, ad. In a glossy manner. Glossiness, glos'-se-nes, s. The lustre or brightness of a smooth surface. Glossitis, alos-si'-tis, s. Inflammation of the tongue. Glosslj, glos'-l4,sid. Like gloss. Glossocblb, glos'-so-aele, a. Protrusion of the tongue from disease. Glossographbr, glos-sog'-grd.-fer, s. A writer of a glos¬ sary i a commentator ; a scholiast. Glossographical, glos-so-graf -Je-kal, a. Pertaining to glossography. Glossographt, 5'Zos-so/-prcet‘d by some principle or rule ; to be freed from restraint, to extend or lead in any direction, to extend in effect, to fare, to be in a gOf)d or ill state; to ooerate.—To go abouty to prepare to set one’s self to a business.—In seamen'i language, to tack , to turn the head of a ship .—To go at)road, to walk out of a house, to be uttered, disclosed, or published.—To go agah^st, to invade; to march to attack.—To go asidH, to withdraw or retii e into a private situation ; to err. —To go astray, to wander; to break from an inclosure ; to sin.—To go aioay, to depart .—To go betzeeen, to mediate.—To go by, to pass near and beyond .—To go rfojon, to descend in any manner; to fail.—To go for nothing, to have no meaning or efficacy.—To go forth, to i8.s-ue or depart out of a place.— To go forward, to advance .—To go hard with, to be in danger of a fatal issue. —To go in, to enter.—To go in and out, to do the business of life.—To go off, to depart to a distance; to die , to explode.—To go on, to advance forward.—To cw> ozit, to issue forth; to go on an expedition; to become extinct .—To go over, to read , to examine ; to change sides , to pass from one party to another .—To go through, to pass through a substance, to accom¬ plish . to finish. —To go through with, to come to the end. —To po to be talked of or known.—To go up, to ascend, to rise .—To go upozi, to proceed as on a foundation—To go wtch, to accompany, to side.—To go ill with, not to prosper.—To go well with, lo have good fortune.—Top-o withozit, to be or remain destitute. — Go to, come, move, begin. Goad, gode, s. A pointed instrument used to stimulate a beast to move faster. — v.a. To prick ; to drive with a goad; to urge for¬ ward , to stimulate, excite, or arouse. Goaded, go' ded, pp Pushed on by a goad ; instigated. Goal, gole,%. The point set to bound a race, and to which racers run; the mai’k; any starting-post; the end or final purpose. Goar. See Gore. GoARisH,t j 7 o'-rtsA, a. Patched; mean. Goat, gate, s. A well-known ruminating quadruped, with long hair and horns, of the genus Capra.—Goat- sKin, the skin of a goat Goat-chafer, gote'-tcha-fer, 8. An insect, a kind Of beetle Goat-fish, gote'-jish, s. A fish of the Mediterranean. Goatherd, gote'^herd, s. One whose occupation is to tend goats. Goatish, go'-tish, a. Resomhiing a goat in any quality; of a rank smell; lustful. Goatishlt, g(y-tish-le., ad. Like a goat; lustfully. Goatishness, go'-tish-nes, s. The quality of being goatish; lustfulness. Goat-marjora.m, goie-mar'fo-ram, s. Goat-beard. Goat-milker, gole'-ntilk-er, s. A kind of bird, so called ^ from sucking goats ; the goat-sucker. JoAT’s-BEARD, gotes'-heevd, s. In botany, a plants of the genus tragopugon. Goat’s- rte, gates'-rew, s. A plant of the genus galega. Goat’s-thorn, gote^-ihorn, s. A plant of the genus astragalus. Goat-stjcker, gote'-szik-ker, s. In ornithology, a bird of the genus caprimuLgus; the night-jar. Gob, aoh, s. A little mass or collection; a mouthful. Vul^r.) Gobbet, goiZ-bet, s. A small piece; a mouthful; a lumn {Vulgar.) ^ — v.a. To swallow in masses or mouthfuls. Gobbing, gob'-hing, s. In mmxng, the refuse thrown back into the excavations remaining after the removal of the coal. Gobble, goh'bl, v.a. To swallow in large pieces; to swallow hastily. — v.n 1 o make* a noise in the throat, as a turkey. Gobbled, gob'bld, pp. of the verb to gobble. Gobblb-gut, gol/bi-gut, s. A voracio*i8 feeder. Gobbler, gob'bUr, s. pne who sw ilows in haste; a g^eecomes sponsor at baptism. Goddms, p'od'-des, s A female deity ; a heathen deity of the female sex.—In the language of poetic senti¬ ment, a woman of superior charms. Gouoess-like, god'~des~liKe, a. Resembling a goddess. Godfather, god'-fd-ther, g. A man who becomes sponsor for a child at baptism. — v.a. To act as godfather. Godfrey’s Cordial, god'-freys kawrd'-yal, s. A kind of soothing syrup given to infants, composed of sassa¬ fras, cara way , coriander, and anise seeds, infused in water, with tincture of opium and treacle added. God-gild, t god'-gild, s. That which is offered to God or hi> service. Godhp.ad, s. Godship; deity; divinity; divine nature or essence; a deity in person; a god or goddess. ® Godless, god'Aes, a. Having no reverence for God; impious; ungodly ; atheistical. Godlesslt, god'-les-le, ad. In an Impious mauner atheistically Godlessness, g<>d'-les-nes,%. The state of being impious Godlike, god'-like, a. Resembling God; divine' of superifir excellence. Godlikeness, god'-like-nes, s. Resemblance to God. Godlilt, god'-le-le, ad. Piously , righteously. Godliness, god'-lenes, s. Piety, belief in God and reverence for his character and* laws, areligious'life. Godlinq, god'-ling, s. A little deity , a diminutive god. Godly, god'-le^ a. Reverencing God, and his character and law; pious; righteous; devout; living in obe¬ dience to God’s commands. — ad. Piously ; righteously. Godmother, god'-moth-er, s. A woman who becomes sponsor for a child at baptism. Godroon, god-roon', s. In architecture, a kind of in¬ verted fluting or beading; plaits on ladies’ caps, or on sleeve ruffles. Godsend, god'-send, s. An unexpected acquisition or good fortune. Godship, god'-ship, s. Deity; divinity; the rank of a god. Godsmith. god'-smith, s. A maker of idols. Godson, goa'-sun, s. A male for whom another has been sponsor at the font. God-speed, 8. Good speed; that is, succefis. God’s-penny,+ gods'-pen-ne^ s. An earnest penny GoDWARD.t a. Toward God. * Godyei.d4 god'-yeld, . Godyield4 god'-yeeld, te^ of thanks. Gobl4 po'-e/, a. Yellow. Goen4 go'-en, part. pret. of Go, formerly so written Goer. s One who goes , a runner or walker one who transacts business between parties ; a term applied to a horse, as a good j/ocr. Gobthitk, go' e-thite, s. A German mineral of a brown¬ ish-red wlouT and metaUic lustre, consisting chiefly of peroxifie of iron. * (fc«sTT f g, ^oo. A boon companion. Good-fblix)wship, good-feV-lo-ship, g. Merry society. Good Friday, good frr-dn, s. A fast in memory of our Saviour's sufferings, kept on the Friday of Vassion- loeek. Good-humour, good-yu'-mxw, s. A cheerful temper or state of mind OooD-uuMouRBD qood-yuf-murdydi. Being of a cheerful temper. GooD-nuMOURBEL^ good-x/nf-murd-Uy ad. With a ^ cheerful temper ; in a cheerful way. Goodliest, good*-le-est, a. Moat good or excellent (tOodlinbss. good'-le-nes, s Beauty of form; grace: elegance. i?yooDL\, good'-le, ad. Kxcellentiy a. Being of a handpnme fonn , beautiful; pleasant; agreeable , tbuliv , swelling , affectedly turgid Goodlv-bbxd4 8 Goodness; grace. s3ood-man. gooa-man % A familiar appellation of civility, a rustic of compliment; a familiar appellirtioD of a husband . the master of a fiunily. fi'uOD-iflAWNERa, good-x7win‘ s.pL Propriety of behaviour . politeness , decorum. Oood-morrow, good-m^’royintorc]. A term of saluta- Utxn; good-merning. Good-naturb, good-na^-tchur, s. Natural mildness and kindness of disposition. OooD-NATURBD, Qood no*-tchurd a. Naturally mlid U temper , not easily provoked Good-naturbdlt, good-na-tchnrd ie, ad. With mild' ness of temper. Good HATURBONKsa, jfood-na'-tchurd-nes, s. The quality of being gooifnatured. GooDHBaa, go^id' nes, s The state of being good; the physical qualities which constitute value, excellence, or perfection, moral virtue, religion, kindness; benevolence, benignity of heart, chanty Good-wtoht, good nite', inteij. A form of salutation in parting fi)r the night GooD-if(»w 4 : good'-now, Lnteij. An exclamation of wonder or surprise. Goods, goodz, s.pl Household furniture, personal or moveable estate , articles bought and sold by mer¬ chants and traders, moveables, chattels, or me-chan- dise. — Goodi’-irom is a train of carriages on a railway, conveying luggage or general merchandise.— Goods' truck is an uncovered railway carriage for' merchandise. Goodship, good' ship, s. Favour: grace. Good-spkbd, good'-speed, s. Good success. Good sxwse, good sens,B. Sound judgment. Good-wife, good'-wife, s. The mistress of a family. Goodwill, good'-wxl, s. Kind feeling, beiievoleucc.— In trade, a saleable custom ; the right and title, for a* certain consideration, to carry on a trade or business' connexion. Good-woman, good-ximm'-an, s. The mistress of a* family Qoon\, good’s, s. A low term of civility or sport. Goodyship, good'-e-ship, s. The state or quality of a* goody. Goooings, gooj'-ingz, s.pl. In nautical matters, clampss of iron on which the rudder is hung; now written- gudgeons. Goooul, go€f-gul, s. A resinous substance resembling nmrh, met with in India, supposed to be the bdellium, of commerce. Goolcund, gooV-kxind, s. A conserve flavoured with- roses, made in the East. Goolb, guol, s. A passage worn by the flux and reflux of the tide; a breach through an embankment or sea-wall. Goorooony, goor-goo’-ne, s. A small kind of portable- hookah. Goosander, goos'-an-der, s. A migratory water-fowl. Gome, goot, s.; pi. Geese. A well-known aquatic fowl of the genus ans^, but the domestic goose iiveu chiefly on land, and feeds on grass; a tailor’s smooth- ing-u’oD , a silly creature.—A green goose, in cookery,. is one under four months old.—Goow-com, the plant Junons squarrosus.—Goose-grass, a species of bed- straw, of the genus Galium, on which geese are- Mcustomed to feed.— Goose-neck, in a ship, a piece of iron bent like the neck of a goose, and fitted to the end of a boom-yard, &c.—Goose-quill, the large feather or quill of a goose, or a pen made with it.—Goow- tongxie, a plant allied to yarrow.— Goose-winq, in. seamen's Icmgxtage, a name given to the clews or lower- corners of a foresail or mainsail when centre or body of the sail is furled. Gooseberry, gooz'-bex's-e, s. ITie fruit of a prickly shrub, and the shrub itself, the 'Ribes grossxilarux. Gooseberry-fool, goos'-/>er-re-/i, 8. A Compound made- of gooseberries scalded and pounded, with cream. Goosr-cap, goos^ kap, s. A silly person. Goossf-FooT, goos'-fxtt, 8. A herb whose leaf is shaped- like a goose’s foot. OoosBRY, goes'-er-e, s. A place for geese. Gopher^ ga-fer, s. The name of two species of rodents, mischievoufl burrowing quadrupeds found in the Mis¬ sissippi Valley, about the sire of a squirrel; a species of wood used by Noah in the construction of the ark. Goppi8h,$ a. Proud, pettish Goa-BBLLT4 gnwr^ 'bel-le, s. A prominent belly. Gob-cocr, gawr'-kok, s. The moor-cock or red grouse Gor-crow, gator'-kro, s. The carrion-crow. Gor-hbn, gawr'-hen, s. Tlie female of the gor-cock Gorce4 gawrs, s. A pool of water to keep fish in • weir. ’ Gord, gawrd, s. An mstrument of gaining ; a sort cf dice. Gordian, gaxox'^e-axi, a. Intricate. ^In axitiquitv, a- knot in the leather or harness rf Gordius, a kina- ; tine ; splendid; glitter- With showy magnifi- GOEE of Phrygia, so very intricate, that there was no finding where it began or ended. AJexander cut it with his sword. Hence, to cut the Qordian knot, is to remove a difficulty by violence. Goke. Blood effused from the body, thick or clotted blood, tdirt; mud.—A wedge-shaped or tri- itai piece of cloth, sewed into a garment to widen it in any part , a slip or triangular piece of land.—In heraldry, an abatement according to Gwil- lim, denoting a coward. • V a fo stab , to pierce , to penetrate with a pointed instrument, or with the point of a horn i to piece with a gore. 4>ored. goard, pp. of the verb to gore. KioKQ'B, gawrj, i. The throat, the gullet; the canal of the neck by which food passes to the stomach , a narrow pas^age between hiUs or mountains.—In archi¬ tecture, a concave moulding, the eavetto. — \i\ fortijica- tion, the entrance into a bastion or other outwork.— That which is gorged or swallowed. — v.a. To swallow ; to swallow with greediness; to glut; to fill the throat or stomach ; to satiate. — v.n. To feed. Gorged, pp. Sv,^allowed; glutted. a. Having a gorge or throat.—In heraldry, hearing a crown or the like about the neck. Gorgeocs, gawr'-juH, a. Showy ing with gay cobiurs. Gorgeously, gcHvr'-jan-le, ad. cence, splendidly ; finely. G 0 R 0 BOU 8 NE 88 . gawr'-jus nes, s. Show of dress or orna¬ ment , splendour 01 raiment. Gorget, 8. A piece of armour for defending the throat or neck , a kind of breast-plate like a half moon . a pendent metallic ornament worn by officers when on duty , fa ruff worn by females.—In surgery, a cutting instrument used Lu lithotomy . Gorgon, gawr' gun, s, A fabled (nonster of terrific aspect, the sight of wliicb turned the beholder to a stone , anytliing v<‘ry ugly or horrid. — a. Like a gorgon, very ugly or terrific. Gorgunean,! __ (a Like a gorgon; per- G 0 RQ 0 NIA.N, ) -ne-nn, j taining to gnrgous. Gorgonbia., gawr-go-ne'-yd, s.pl. In architecture, carved in imita/»''a of Medusa’s head. Gor< r*-man-dizm, s. Gluttony. GokmaN' izE, gawr'-tnan-dizey y.n. To eat greedily ; to swallow voraciously. Gormakoizer, gawr'-nian-di-zery s. A greedy, voracious eater. Gormandizing, gaivr'-tuan-di-zing, 3 . The act or habit of eating greedily voraciously. Gorse. gors, s. Furze, or whin, a tliick, prickly shrub, with yellow flowers, of the genus ulex. Gory, go'-re, a. Covered w'itb congealed or clotted blood; bloody; murderous. Goshawk, gos'-hawkyS. A voracious bird of the hawk family. Gosling, goi^-ling, 3 . A youiig goose ; a catkin on nut- trees and pines. Gosvel, gor-pel, 3 . Literally, good news; a revelation of the grace of God through a Mediator; a history of the birth, life, actions, death, resurrection, a.scen3ion, and doctrines of Jesus Christ, as recorded in the gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke,and John; divinity; theology. — a. Accordant with the Gospel. — v.a To insmict in the Gospel; to fill with senti¬ ments of religion. GosPBL-Gosiir, gos'-pel-gos'-aip, s. One who is over- zeeloujs in running about among his neighbours to lecture on religious subjects. Goseelio-rt, gos'-pel-lar-ey a. Bvangelical, or theolo¬ gical Gospbllbr, 8. An evangelist; he who reads the Gospel at the altar. GotEi >LtaE4: god-pti-Utt, v.a. To form aocordii^ to the Gospel . to instruct in the Gospel, to evangelize. Goas. gaat, s. A kind of low furze or gorae. OoasAMKR, gos'-»d-m»^\ % A fine, filmy substance, like cobwebs, in the air in calm, clear weather. Gossamery, god-sd-mer-ey a. unsubstantial. Gossan, god-san, 8. In mining^Si term applied to the oxides of iron and quartz, which frequently occur fn mineral lodes at sh^low depths. G 088 IP, gos'-sip, 8- f)ne wb<> runs from house to house, tattling’ and telling news, an idle tattler; mere idle talk . tittle-tattle . tone who answers for a child in baptism , a tippling companion. — v.n To prate ; to chat. to talk much , to be a pot- companion ; to run about and tattle ; to toll idle talcs. Gossiping, god-stp-sng, ppr. or a. Prating; chatting, running from place to place and tattling. — 8. A prating; a running about to collect tales and tattle. Gossip-like, gos'-sip-Hkey a. Like a gossip. Gossoon ,% ^os-soo7i' s. A boy ; a servant. Got, got, pret. of Get, the old pret. Gat being nearly obsolete ; Got and Gotten, pp. of the same verb. Gote, gate. s. A water passage ; a channel for water. Goth, goth, 3 . One of an ancient and distinguished tribe or nation, which Inhabited Scandinavia ; one rude or uncivilized ; a-barbarian; a vulgar. Ignorant person. Gothamist, go'-thatn-xit, 8. A wiseacre ; a person defi¬ cient in wisdom, so called from Gotham in Notting¬ hamshire, noted for some pleasant blunders. Gothamite, 8. A term sportively applied to the inhabitants of New York. Gothic, goth'-ik, a. Pertaining to the Goths , denoting a style of architecture with high and sharply-pointed arches, clustered columns, &c.; rude ; ancient; bar- barous- — 8. The language of the Goth? Gothicism, 8. Runeness of manners; bar¬ barousness ; a Gothic idiom; conformity to the Gothic style of building. Gothiltze, pofA'-e-me, v.a. To make Gothic; to bring back to barbarism. Gouge, goqj, s. A semicircular cliisel, used to cut holes, channels, or grooves in wood or tXAmr.—Ooxige-sHpi are honev'^ for sharpening gouges or chn^els — v.a To scoop out with a gouge, to force out the-eye of a person with the thumb or finger. Gouging, s. The act of scooping out with a f ouge, or of forcing out the eye with the thumb 01 nger. Goulard’s Extract, ^oo-/rtrdi' s. A saturated solution of the trisacetate of lead, used as a remedy for inflammation. Gourd, goord, s A cucurbitaceous plant, the shell of whose fruit is often used t<» dip or hold liquids.— Gourd'^t.ree is the Crtsceutia tree.— Qourd-xvorviy a species of Entozoa, which infests the intestines and Uver of animals. Gourjdiness, goor'-de-nes, s. A swelling on a horse’s leg. Gourdy, goor'-de, a. Swelled in the legs. Gourmand, goor'-mand, s. (Fr.) A ravenous eater ; a glutton, Gournet, goor'-net, s. A fish. Gout, goxvt, s. A chronic disease occurring by pa¬ roxysms, and consisting in a peculiar topical inflam¬ mation, having its regular seal in the largest joint o( the CTeat toe , ±a clot or coagulation , a drop.—Gowf- swelled, swelled with the gout.- Oout-weed, or Gout- wort, in botany, one of the names given to the creep¬ ing herb JEgopodium, a very ttoubles^ime weed In gardens. Gout, goo, s. (Fr.) Taste ; relish, Goutily, gouZ-te-le, ad. In a gouty manner. Goutinkss, gou/-te-nes, s. The state of being subject to the gout-; gouty affections. Gouty, a. Diseased with the gout, or subject to the gout; pertaining to the gout; swelled ; boggy. GovB,i: gove, v.a. To mow. Govern, guv'-em, v.a. To direct and control; to regu¬ late by authority; to keep within the limits pre- scribea , to sway ; to influence ; to restrain , Ui direct; to steer ; to regu^te the course or motion to a ship.—In grammar, to require to be in a particuiai case — v.n. To exercise authority ; to administer the laws, lo maintain the superiority ; to have the control. Govfrnablb, gud-arn-d-bl, a That mav be governed or aabject^ to authority ; eontroUable ; manageable obedient I GOYEKNANOE [ 462 ] GEADUATE . ., _X.. authority , diroction , control; management. Govt aNANTB. e.r-nant,&. A lady who haa the care and management of young females, a governess. ^vERNED, gw/-e.rH(i, pp. of the verb to govern. Governess, gxiv -er-nea, s. A female invested with authority to control and direct; a tutoress; an in¬ structress, a woman who has the care of instructing young ladies. Goveuninq, guv'-er-ning, a. Holding the superiority; prevalent, directing; controlling Government, gw/-ern-ment,s. Direction; regulation; , control; restraint; the exercise or authority the administration of public affairs; the system of poljty in a state; that form of fundamental rules ajid principles by which a nation or state is governed; an empire, kingdom, or state; any territory oyer which the right of sovereignty is extended ; the right of governing or administering the laws ; the persons or council which administer the laws of a kingdom or state; executive power; manageableness; compliance ; obsequiousness ; J management of the limbs or body.—In grammar, the influence of a word in regard to construction. Governmental, gMv-«rn-//4en'-fai, a. Pertaining to go¬ vernment , made by government. Governor, gui/-er-nur, s. He who governs, rules, or directs; one invested with supreme authority ; a ruler; a tutor; one who has the care of a young man; a pilot; one who steers a ship; one possessing dele¬ gated authority . a subscriber of a given sum to a public chaj’itable institution, who receives in return cm-tain privileges of votes or nomination.—In me- chanivi, gnveniora are a pair of heavy balls connected with machinery, and designed to equalize the speed of steam-engines by operating on the throttle-valve c» the engine. Governorship, guv’-er-nur-ship, s. The office of a governor. G6w AN, goo/-an, s. A. plant, a species of hellis, or daisy; decomposed granite. Gown, gowd, s. A gaud ; a toy. Gowk,4: gowk, v.a. To stupefy. — 8. A stupid fellow ; a fool. Gowl,$ gowl, v.n. To howl. Gown, gown, 8. A w'oman’8 upper garment; a long, loose upper garment or robe, worn by professional men, as divines, students, &c.—hence the phrase, men of the gown, or gownsmen; a long, loose upper garment, worn in sickness, &c., the dress of peace, or of the civil magistracy.— Gown-piece, material for a gown. Gow'nei), gownd, a. Dressed in a gown. Gownman, pw?4;n'-man, Is. One whose professional Gownsman, gownz'-man, / habit is a gown, as a divine or a lawyer, and particularly a member of an EngUsh university; one devoted to the arts of peace Gowt, gotot (from go out >, s. A sluice in embankments against the sea, for letting out the land waters when the tide is low, and preventing the ingress of salt¬ water. OozzAED, (/oz'-zard, s. One who attends geese. Mrab, grab, %. A sudden grasp or seizure (vulgar)', a vessel used on the Malabar coast, having two or three masts. - v.a. To seize; to gripe suddenly. ( Vulgar.) Grabble, v.n. To grope; to feel with the hands; to lie prostrate on the belly; to sprawl Grace, gn-ase. s. Favour; good-will; kindness; dispo¬ sition to oblige another; beneficence; generosity; the free, unmerited love and favour of God; favourable influence of God; divine influence; the application of (dinst’s righteousness to the sinner; a state of recon¬ ciliation to God, virtuous or religious affection or dis- Ijosition ; spiritual instruction, improvement, and edification , eternal life final .salvation , the Gospel • mercy, pardon, privilege; suitableness; elegance or ease, with appropriate dignity, natural or acquired excellence ; beauty ; embellishment, the title of a duke or an archbishop, and formerly of the king of .England . a short prayer before or after meat.—In English universities, an act, vote, or decree of the government of the institution. In theology, day of aroce, time of probation.— In commerce, days of grace tlie day.« immediately following that on which a bill or noftt hecomos due —In the fiyie arts, a quality ensing from elegance of form and attitude combined. —In mythidogy, one of the three beautiful j^deescs who attended on Venus. (See Graces.) Grace, v.a. T> adorn: to decorate; to emoe’lish and dignify; to honour; to supply with heavenly grace. Grace-cup, grase'-kup, s. The cup or he^th drank after grace. Graced, grayst, pp. of the verb to grace. --t a. Beautiful; graceful; virtuous ; regular; chaste Graceful, grase'-ful, a. Beautiful with dignity; elegant; easy; agreeable in appearance, with an expression of dignity. With a pleasing dignity, Gracefulness, grase'-ful-nes, s. Elegance of manner or deportment; beauty witli dignity. Graceless, a. Void of grace; unregenerava : unsanctifled ; cornipt; depraved. Gracblessly, grase'-les-le, ad. Without gra-ce. gras^-les-nes, s. "VVaut of grace ; pro* G^cb-notb, grase'-note, s. In mustc, any note adde to a composition as an ornamental flourish. Graces, gra'-ses, s.pl. In mythology, three beautiful godd^ses, Aglaia, Thalia, and Euphrosyne, who amended upon Venus.—In music, ornamental notes attached to principal ones.— Good graces, favour or friendship. Grace-sater, gtase'-sau er, s. One who says grace. Gracile, 4; jyras'-ti a. Slender. Gracilent,± gras^-e-lent, a. Lean ; slender. Gracilitt.J gra-siV-e-te,%. Slenderness. Gracious, gra -shus, a. Expressive of grace, kindness or fav 9 ur; disposed to forgive offences; proceeding from divine grace ; virtuous; good; excellent; grace- ful; tavourable . kind ; benevolent. Graciously, gra’-shus-le., ad. Kindly; favourably; in a friendly manner; with kind condescension Graciousness, s. Kind condescension; possession of graces or good qualities; pleasing manner; mercifulness. ® Gradation, grd-da'-shun, s. A series of ascending steps or degrees, or a proceeding step by step . pro¬ gress from one degree or state to anotoer; order: series ; regular process by degrees or steps.—In patni- the gradual blending of one tint into anuther.— In mustc,'d diatonic ascending or dt*scending succes- sion of chords.—In logic, an argumentation consisting of fniir or more propositions, so disposed that th? so on^^^^ 0^ first is the subject of the second, and ®^j*-®^'^toNAL, grd-da'-shun-al, a. According to grada- Gradationbd, grd-da’-shund, a. Formed by gradation. Gradatory, grad'-fi-tur-e, a. Proceeding step by step — 8. bteps from the cloisters into the church. Graddo, umc?'-rfo, s. In music, a w->rd applied to the notes of any passage moving by conjoint intervals. Grade, grade, s A degree or rank in order or dignity civil, military, or ecclesiastical; a step or degree in any ascending series. ® Gradbly, gr^det-le, ad. Well, handsomely; decently orderly. [Northern dialect.) — a. Decent; orderly. Gradiator, grad’-e-a-tur, s. An instrument for dividing scales. Gradient, gra'-de~enf, a. Moving by steps- walking rismg or descending by regular degrees of incli¬ nation. ~ s. The degree of ascent or descent In a railroad. Gradine, gra’-din, a. A toothed chisel used by sculptors. ■' Gradual, grad'-yu-al, a. Proceeding by degrees advancing step by step ; regular and slow. ’ — 8. An order of stops; an ancient book of hymns so called becau.'^e some of them were chanted on the steps of the pulpit. G.ii.ADOALiTT,t grad-yn-al'-e-te, 8. Regular progression CruADDALLT, gnid'yu-al-U. ad- By degree.; step hr Step ; regularly , slowly. ^ ^ Gr-audate, Jirod’-yu-a^e, v.a. To honour with a degree or diploma, in a college or university , to confer a degree on ; to divide any space into small regular intervals, to form sh^ades or nice differences; to raise to a higher place in the scale of metals; to advance bv (letria'es to improve, as colours . to temper. to prepare te mark degrees or differences of any kind. In cht- rismne’ “ certain degree of con receive a degree from a college or univer Bity; to pass by degrees ; to change gradually. GEADTJATE [ 453 ] GEAND SaiDCATS, s. One who has receiyed a degree in a college or uniTeraity, or Orom some professional in¬ corporated society. . Oraduatep, pp. or a. Honourod witli a deCTPe or diploma from some learned society or col¬ lege , markea with degrees or regular intervals; tern- %aiDD*iTE8HiP, graa-yu-ate-thip, s. The state of a graduate. „ , . _ Gradcatioh, grad-yu-a^-shun, s. Regular progression by succession of degrees, improvement; exaltation of Qualities, the act of conferring or receivmg aca¬ demical degrees ; a division of any space mto stnall, regular intervals ; the process of bringing a liquid to a certain consistence by evaporation. ^ GaiDuiToa, grad'-yu-a-tur, 8. A.n mstrument for m- viding any line, right or curve, into small, regular in tcrvnls Gkadcction, grd-dukf-shun, s. In astronomy, the divl- Sion of circular arcs into degrees, minutes, &c. A peculiar process adopted in salt-works for strengtn- enmt? the brine. „ x. j gra'-dus, s. A dictionary of Latin prosody, usually called “ Gradus ad Parnassum.” GBAFr, gyafs s- A ditch or moat. Graffer,! g^af'-fer, s. A notary or scrivener. Graft, graft, s. A small shoot or scion of a tree, in¬ serted in another tree as the stock which is to sup- port and nourish it. __ . v.a. To insert a scion or shoot, or a smaU cutting ol it, into another tree ; to propagate by insertion or inoculation ; to impregnate with a foreign branch. drafting a rope is the act of engraftuig two en^ together, so as to place the strands one withm the —*v!m'^ To practise the insertion of foreign scions on a Gn^rraD, graf'-ted, pp. or a. Inserted on a foreign Galpraa, graf ter, s. One who inserts scions on foreign stocks, or propagates finit by engrafting. Graftino, oia/i'-inp, 8. In 7ior«ic;i/,0 — 8. In the commerce of the East, a term. appUed ^ J-Y® pi'oduce of various Leguminous plants cultivated m India.—In the French system, the unity of weights, being about 15i grains troy. Gramary, ( 7 ? a/»-md-rc, 8. The art of necromancy. GRAMEacY,$ gram'-er-se. An interjection formerly usea to express thankfulness with surprise. Graminace^, ' Graminb.®, t —r“ v' Endogens, consisting of evergreen herb^ Graminaceous, gram - e - na '- ehe - nSys ^. .Grassy; p - Gramineal, grd-min'-e-aly ( taming Jo Gramineous, grd-min'-e-w, ( Glares ,01 theor Graminous, gram'-e-nusy a Graminifolious, grd-min-e-fo-l6-uSy^, Bearmg leaver. Graminivorous, gram-m-iv'-or-us, a. Feeding or sub¬ sisting on grass or vegetable food. Grammar, gram'-mar The art of speaking or dng a language with propriety or correctDHSS ; a general principles and of particular imies ^or speaking or writing a language; propriety of speech ; a book containing the principles and rules for gpeakmgaiu. writing, divided into orthography, etymology, synta^ and prosody.— Grammar-s^ooi, a school in which the learned languages, especially Greek and Latin, are —\ v.^. To discourse according to the rules of grammar. — a. Belonging to grammar. , Grammarian, grain-ma'-re-an, 8. One versed in gram¬ mar, or the construction of languages; a philologist one who teaches grammar. ___ Grammarless, gram'-mar-les, a. Destitute of gM-inmar. Grammatic, gram-matf-xk, a. Pertaining to Grammatical, gram-mat'-e-kal, a. Belongmg to giam- mar; according to the rules of grammar. Grammatically, gram-mat'-e-kal-le, ad. the principles and rules of grammar. Grammaticalness, gram-mar-e-kal-nes, s being grammatical. Grammaticaster, gram-mat-e.-kas-ter. s. to a knowledge of grammar; a peda- ‘t- ^ _ Grammaticize, gram-mat'-e-sxze, v.a. To render gram- Gramm'atist, gram'-md-tist, s. A pretender to a know¬ ledge of grammar. . , Grammatitb, gram'-md-tite, s. A mineral, a vaiiety o. homblende, chiefly confined co the primai^y rocks. Grampian, gram'-pe-an, s. Of or oeloi^LBg to thf Grampians, a mountain ange in Scotland. Gramplb, gram'pl, s. A ,;rab-ush. , , , . , Grampus, gram'-pui, ? A large fish of the cetaceoun* order, and genus deMMnus. Gbanade, ^rd-nad^, )g Q-rknadb, Granado, grd-na:-do, I Granadilla, gran-a-diV-lA, s. (Sp.) Tne fruit of a twining plant, w hieh is sometimes as large as a cniia s head, and mu'.h esteemed as a dessert in tiopical countries. .. _ Granary, gren'-d-re, 8. A store-house or repository oi grain a^r 't is thrashed; a corn-house. Granate, ar'.,\9, A reddish-brown mineral, Gren A.TITB, grm'-d-tite, j occurring principally m the primary rocks in the Shetland Isles Grand, grand, a. Great; illustrious, nigh m power and dignity; splendid; magnificent; conceit? cd os ®x according to The state oi A pretendei GEANDAM [ 464 ] GEAPLINE pressed witii great dignity; old, or more advanced, as applied to ffrandfother, yrandmcther, &jC-—^Grand jury, a Jury whose duty is to exauune into the grounds of accusation against offenders, and to find bills of in¬ dictment gainst them, to be pi'esented to the court.— Grand jx^ror ^ one of the grand jury.— Grand Seignior, the soTOreigu or sultan of'Furkey.—(?r«nd vizier, tie Cluef minister of the Turkish emph’e.—In iaio, grand serjeoiUy is a tenure by which the tenant was bound, instead of servint? tlie kings generally in the wars, to do some 8p»’ciaJ personal service to tiie king. 3ua^dajw, ^'on' (Utin, 8. A. term applied to a grand¬ mother, or to an old woman. 3'RAj4DCHiLn, grand'-tchild, s. The child of a son or daughter. SiiAWD'DADGHTBa, grand-daiv'^ter,%. The daughter of a son or daughter. &KiNDEE, gran-dee', s. (Sp.) A nobleman; a man of elevated rank or station. Grandseshu*, gran-deef-ahip, s. The rank or estate of a grandee. GiiANDBua, grand'-yur, s. (Pr.) That quality or com¬ bination of qualities in an object which elevates or expands the mind, and excites pleasurable emotions ; splendour ol appearance ; magmllcence ; elevation of tliought, sentiment^ or expression ; elevation of mien ^ or deportment; majesty, sublimity, or stateliness. Grandbvitt^ gran-aev'-e-te, s. G-reat age. ^RANDEvouBji gran-de'-vus. a. Of great age; long- lived. GaAKDi'ATHER, graiid-fd'-tUev, s. A father's or mother’s father. Grawuific4; gran-aif'-ik, a. Making great. Orandilouuencb, gran-dil'-o-kwens, s. Lofty speak¬ ing. Grandiloudent, grau-fUl'-o-kwe7it,\Vi. Speaking in a Grandi Louuous, grarn'dil'-o-kwus, ) lofty, or bom¬ bastic style; pompous. Granuinous, gran' de-nuB, a. Consisting of hail. Gkanuity,:{ gran'-de-te , Greatness; magnificence. Grandly, grand'-Le, ad. In a lofty manner; splen¬ didly tfubiimely. ORANDMOTHisa. avaud'-mutk-er, 8. The mother of one’s fath4*r jt niotner. Grand nephew, grand-nef'-few, 8. The grandson of a brother or sister. Grandness, grand'-nes, 8. Grandeur; greatness with beauty , Qiagnifi«ctt.. 2 e. GRANDNiBCE, grandf-mme. s. The gi’aud-daughter of a brother or sister. Grandsire, grand'-axre, s. A gi’andfather.—In poetry and rheioric, any ancestor. GRAxSDsoji, gratid'-sun, s. The son of a Son or daughter. GraNi.k, gragxij, s. A fai'm, with the buildings, &c. Granger, yrayn'~jer, s. A barn-keeper, the lorenian of a fai*m. GKAMipKaous, grd-nif-er-us, a. Beai’ing seeds like grains. Graniforu, gmiV-e-faicrntf a. Formed like grains of corn. Graxnilite,^ gran'-e-lite, 8. An aggregate rock, allied to granite, and composed of more than three ingre¬ dients. Granite^ ^an'-ite, 8. In geology, a crystalline rock, of a greyish-white or speckled red colour, composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica, confusedly crystallized together. GraniteLjJ gran'-e-tel, 8. A rock composed of two diCerent minerals united, as in granite. Granitic, grd-rU1j~ik, ji a. Pertaining to granite; Granitical, grd-nif-€-kal, j having the nature or consisting of granite. Granititication, grd-nit-e-fe-ka'-shun, s. Tlae act or process of being foimed into granite. Granitiform, grd-nitf-e-fauirm, a. Kesembling giftriite in stnicture or shape. Gramitinb,! gran'-e-iine, 8. An aggregate tliree species of minerals, differing in some of its consti¬ tuents from granite. Obawitoid, gran'-e-toyd, a. Resembling granite. Granivorji, grd-nixy-o-re, s.pl. An order of Insessorial birds, feeding on grains. Granivorous, ^rd-utV-or-w*, ft. Eating grain ; feeding or subsisting on seeds. Gran NAM, ^ra»'-nom, i for grandarn, a grandmother. Granny, gran'-ne, j (Vulgar.) GBAwr, grant, v a. To admit as true what Is not proved; to allow, to yield; to concede; to give; to- bestow or confer on without compensation, m answer to request, to transfer the title of a tiling to another, for a good or valuable consideration. to convey by deed or writing , to cede. Qr^t, s. Tiie act of granung , a bestowing m confer¬ ring, the tniiig granted or bestowed . a prebent, gilt, boon, or stipend.—In law, a couvejance in writing, ol such tilings as cannot pass or be tranbierred by word only, as land, &C., cago. Graphuhtr. graf'-o-lite, s. A species of slate propei for vrriting on. GRAPHoME'fBR, grd-fom’-e-ter, a. A mathematical in¬ strument, called also a se^nicirde, used for measui-ing the degrees in an angle. Grapuoi^trical, yraf-o-rnet'-re-kal, a. Pertaining to OT asc*4kained by a graphometer. Grapnel, grap'-nei, is. A unali aQCh<8' fitted with Graplimb, ) four or five fishes or daws used to hold boats or sumli vessels. GRAPNEL [ 455 ] GRAVE 3RAPNEL, fftaif-nel, s. A small boat’s ajicbor, with several claws or hooho instead of flukes. Grapple, graj/pl, v.a. To seize; to lay fast hold on, either with the hands or with hooks; to fasten. — v.n To seize, to contend in close fi«ht, as wrest¬ lers.—To m applt wiihy to contend with; to stru^Rle a^MLDSt with boldness. — 8. A seiziM, close hu^ in contest; the wresflcT's hold , close fl{?hl, a hook or Iron instrument by which one ship fastens on another. Grapplemewt, graf/pl-ment, 8. A grappling; close fight or embrace. OaAPPLiwe iROKS, grap'plmg-i'~nrns, 8 .pl. Irons for grappling and holding fast a vessel. Graptolite, grap'-to-litej 8 . A fossil zoophyte, having the appearance of writing or sculpture, found in the Sihirian shales. Grapt, gra'-pe, a. Like grapes; full of clusters of grapes ; made of grapes. Grasp, greup, v.a To seize and hold by clasping or embj'acing with-the fln^rs or arms; to catch; to seize ; to Inj hold of; to take possession of. — v.n. To catch or seize ; to gripe; $to struggle ; to strive , to encroach.— To grasp at, to catch at; to try to seize — s. The gripe or seizure of the hand; possession; hold ; reach of the arms ; the power of seizing. Oraspablb, grasp'-d,-bl, a. That can be grasped. Grasped, graspt, pp. of the verb to grasp. Gr.asper, gras'-per, s. One who grasps or seizes ; one who catches at; one who holds. Graspizjg, gras'-pin^, a. Seizing; embracing; catch¬ ing. Graspiwolt, gras'-pvig-le, dtA. In a grasping manner. Grass, gras,%. The common herbage of the field, which constitutes the plants that form the food of cattle and other beasts.—In botany, a plant of the order Orami- nacM, with simple leaves, a stem generally jointed j and tubular, a husky calyx, called glume, the seed single.—Grow of Parnassus, a herb growing in wet ground. — Grass has many useful compounds ; as Grass-blade, a stalk of grass.-GroM-{ 7 r«en, green with grass; dark-green, or of the colour of grass.—Graes- f 'roicn, overgrown with grass.— Grass-plot, a small awn, or level spot covered with grrssa.—Grass-vetch. a plant of the genus lathyras.—i^ass-xcrack, a plant of the genus Zostera.—In agriculture, grass-land is pasturage or meadow, kept constantly in tillage and grass.—In la^o, grass-earth is the grazing or turning up of the earth witli a plough, an ancient customary f service of tenants doing one day’s work for their landlord.—Grass-oil, a name given to some essential oils obtained from ac^nted grasses in India.—Grass- tree, a name in Australia for some Liliaceous plants, from which a resin, the gum acroides, is obtained. — v.a. To cover with grass or with turf. — v.n. To culture grass , to be covered with grass. GRA9«ATio:4,t grassed-shssn, s. A wandering about. Gram-cuttbr, gras-kuf-ter, 8 . An attendant on an Indian army, wh(»e duty it is to provide provender for the cattle and horses attached thereto.—In news- %)aper-printing, a supemumeraiy compositor, who j fills the place of a regular hand during his temporary ; absenee. Grasshopper, gras-hop'-per, 8. An insect that lives among graffl, the Gryllus campestris of Linnaeus.— Grasshopper warbler is tlxe Sylvia locustella. Grassinbss, gras'-se-nes, s. The state of abounding with gi’ass, a grassy state. Grassless, gra^-les, a. Destitute of grass. Grassi olt , gras^-po-le, s. A plant, a species of lythrum. Gr-assv, grasf-se, a. Covered with grass; abounding with grass , resoinbHng grass , green. Grate, graU, s. A work or frame, composed of parallel ! or cross b^, with interstices ; a kind of lattice-work,) uaed for chuirs, windows, See.. an instrument or frame i of mm bars for holdiiig coals used as fuel. j — v.a To furnish with grates , to make fast with cro«i' bars . to rub. as a b*>dy with a rough surface against an<»ther bfKiv , to make a harsh sound by the fric¬ tion of rough budies , to offend; to fret; to vex; to irritate. .— v.n. To rub hard, so os to offend; to offend by op¬ pression or importunity j to make a Imesh sound ^ the frictioB of rough bo^es. —J a. Agreeable Grated, pp. or a. Rubbed harshly ; worn off by rubbing' furnished with a gnrte. Gbatepul, grat^-ful, a. Having a due sense of benefits^ thankful, pleasing, welcome, or agreeahU; kindly dia posed toward one from whom a favour has been received . wining to acknowledge and repay benefite, awakening a pleasurable emotion; affording pleasure to the senses. GRATEPLLti, grate'-fUl-le, ad. With a due sense of benefits or favours; in a manner that disposes to kindnees, In return for favours; thankfully; in a pleasing manner. ORATEvrLWBss, grate'-ful-nes, 8. The qtiality of being grateful; gratitude ; the quality of being agreeablf or pleasant to the mind or to the taste. Grater. 8. An instrument or utensil w'ith a rough, indented surface, for rubbing off small par¬ ticles of a body. Graticulation , grh-tik-u-letite; that which affords pleasure or enjoyment; satisfaction ; delight* reward; recompense. Gratified, grat' e-fide, pp. of the verb to gratify. Gratifiek., grnf-e-Ji-ei', s. One who gratifies or pleases. GRATirv, graf-e-fi, v.a. To please ; to give pleasure to, to indulge; to delight; to humour; to soothe ; to satisfy . to indulge to satisfaction ; to requite ; to re^ Cumpense. Gratifving, a. Giving pleasure; afford¬ ing satisfaction. Grating, a. Fretting; irritating; harsh. — s. A harsh sound or rubbing ; a*partition of bars, or lattice-work of wood or iron; a grate.—Gra^^igrs are an open cover for the hatches of a ship, resembling lattice-work. Gratingly, gra'-ting-le, ad. Harshly ; offensively ; in a manner to irritate. Gratis, gra'-tis, ad. (Lat.) For nothing ; freely , without recompense. Gratitude, grar-e-tude, s. An emotion of the heart excited by a favour or benefit received ; a sentimenf of kindness or good will toward a benefactor; thank¬ fulness. GRATTBN.t grat'n, s. After-grass; the grass which springs up after the field has been mowed. Gratuitous, a. Free; voluntary; granted without claim or merit; asserted or taken without proof. “Gratuitously, grd-teio'-e-tus-le ,ad. Freely; voluntarily; without claim or merit; without an equivalent oi compensation , without proof. Gratuity, grd-tew'-e-te, s. A free gift; a present; a donation ; that which is given without a compensa tion or equivalent, something given in return for a favour; an acknowledgment. Gratulatb, graf-u-late, v.a. To express joy or pleasure to a person on account of his success, or the reception of some good; to salute ivith declarations of joy; to congratulate , to wish or express joy to; to declare joy for ; to mention with joy. Gratulatkd, graf-u-la-tea, pp. of the verb to gra- tulaie. Gratulation, grat-u-la'-shun, s. An address or ex¬ pression of joy to a person, on account of some good received by him; con^atulation. Gratulatort, graf -u-ld-tur-e, a. Expressing gratula¬ tion, congratulatory* Gravamen, gra-va'-men,%. (Lat.) In law, the griev ance complained of; the substantial cause of the action. Grave, grave, v.a. ; pret. Graved ; pp. Graven, or Graved. To carve or ent letters or figures on stone or other bard substance with a chisel or edged tool; to engrave, to carve ; to form or shape by cutting with a chisel, to clean a ship’s bottom, and cover it with pitch. tto entomb — V41 To carve, to write or delineate on bard sub¬ stances. ti) practise engraving. — s- The ditch, pit, or excavated place in which a dead human body is deposited, a sepulchre, a tomb, any plaue where’ the dead are deposited . a place of great tiHx^thter or mortaUity . a Saxon affix or termination, a wood, den, or thicket, death or destruc¬ tion.— Graves, in the plural, sediment of tallow melted. —Grow has a variety of compounds, as prroee-eied, clod of a grave; grave-elothes, the clothes or di*ef« ia which the de«d are interred; gnxve-diggery or graven GEAVE [ 4S6 ] GEEAT-OOATED maker, one whose occupation is to die graves ; grate- looki?ig, appearing grave; grave-robbing, a robbing of the CTave; gravestone, a stone laid over a grave, or erected near it, as a monument; grave-yard, a place set apart for the burial of the dead, or a bui'ying- ground. Grave, a. Having acharacterof seriousness and sobriety; solemn, sedate, serious, demure, or thoughtful ; not showy or tawdry^ being of weight; of a serious cha¬ racter , being of importance.—In music, low, deep, or deprc'ssed, as opposed to sharp, acute, or high.—In grammar, heavy or long-sounding, as applied to the pronunciation of syllables, and thus expressed in opposition to the acute f'), which denotes the short nt. ^ or sharp-sounding accen (■j RAVED, grayvd. pp. of the verb to grave. C/ [lAVEL, grav'-el, s. Small stones or fragments of stone, or very small pebbles, larger than the pai’ticlesof sand, L'Ut often intermixed with them.—In medicine, a dis- e^e produced by small calculous concretions in the Kidneys and bladder. --v.a. To cover with gravel; to stick in the sand; to puzzle ; to stop; to emhaiTass; to hurt the foot of a horse, by gravel lodged under the shoe. ^XAVEL-CAn, grav'-el-kar, s. A railway ballast wagon. Giiavelled, grad-eld, pp. or a. Covered with gravel; embarrassed ; injured by gravel. USaveless, a. Without a grave; unburied. Graveliiko, grad-el-ing, 8. The act of covering with gravel. Gravelly, a. Abounding with gravel; con- ^ sisting of gravel. Gravel-pit, grav'-el-pit s. The place where gravel is , dug. * Gravel-walk, grad-el-waxch, s. A walk or alley covered with gravel, which makes a hard and dry bottom. Gravely, grave'-Xe, ad. In a grave, solemn manner; soberly; seriously; without gaudiness or show. Grav^ess, s. Seriousness; solemnity; so¬ briety of behaviour; gravity of manners or discourse. Graveolence, gra'-ve-o-lense, 8. A strong and offensive smell. Graveolbnt, a. Having a strong odour. Graver, gra'-ver, s One who carves or engraves; a sculptor; an engraving tool; an instrument for graving. Gravid, grad-id, a. Pregnant. GravidatedjJ grad-e-da-ted, a. Made pregnant. Gravidation,^ grav-e-da’-shun, \ ,, Gravidity, grd-vid'-e-te, i ®* Iregnaney. Gravimeter, ard-vim'-e- eertaining the liquid. (•RAVING, pra'-viup, s. The act of cutting figures in hard substances ; carved work ; the act of cleaning a ship’s bottom ; heartfelt impression. Gravino-dock, gra'-ving-dok, 9 . A smaU dock capable 01 holding one or two vessels. Ga.iviTATE, grad-e-tate, v.n. To be attracted, as when one body tends towards another, according to the law of gravitation. Gravitating, grad-e-ta-ting, ppr. or a. Being at¬ tracted, or tending toward another body, accordmg to the law of gravitation. GrtAviTATioN, grav-e-ta'-shun, s. The act of tending to the centre, or of being drawn toward something.—In t^hysics the tendency of aU matter in the universe •oward other matter, every portion of which attracts and is attracted accorefng to its quantity of mailer, ana inversely as the square of its distance from the attracting body. Gravity, coW-e-fe, 8. Weight; heaviness.—In the tendency of a mass of matter toward its central body , teri'estrial gravitation.—5pec(;Sc gravity is the wiiight of a body compared with another of equal hulk, taken as a standard. Wj^»r is the standard for solids and liquids, common air for gases.—Seriousness • sobriety of ma;vnei*8 , solemnity of deportment or character, weigh'; enormity, atrociousness.—Centre of gravity is that point ■’t which aU the weight of a mass might be c^^ilected without disturbing the equilibrium of any system of which the mass forms a part. Gravy, grd-ve, s. The fat and other liquid matter that dips from flesh in roasting, or when roasted or baked. Gray, or Grey, gra, & ^^Tiite, with a mixture of -ter, s. An instrument for as- specific gravity of bodies, solid or l)lack; white; hoary; dark ; of a mixed colour ; Ol the colour of ashes; old; mature. See Grey, and its compounds. Gray, or Grey, 8 . A gray colour; an animal of a gray colour as a horse, a badger, &c. Gray-beard, gra'-beerd, s. An old man. Gray-eyed, gra'-ide, a. Having gray eyes Oray-fly, gra'-fii, s. The trumpet-fly. Gray-haired, gra'-hayrd.B.. Having gray hair. Gray-beaded, gra'-hed-ea, a. Having a gray head cs gray hair. Gra^-HOUND, grra'-AoMJnd, 8. A tall, fleet dog, used ia the chase. Grayish, gra’-ish, a. Somewhat gray; gray in a moderate degree. Grayling, gra'-ling, s. A fish of the genus ealmo, resembling the trout in shape. Gray Mare, gra mare, s. The gray mare is the better horse,” said of a woman who rules her husband. Grayness, gra'-nes, s. The quality of being gray. Gray-stone, j 7 ra'-«/onc, s. A grayish or greenish com pact rock, composed of feldspar and augite, and allied to basalt. Graywacke, gra'-w&k, s. In geology, the name of certain hard sandstones, or grit rocks, and the associate strata, occurring below the coal forma¬ tions. Graze, ^ro 2 e, v.a. To rub or touch lightly in passing; to brush lightly the sui’face of a thing in passing ; to feed or supply cattle with gi*ass; to furnish pastui'e for; to feed on ; to eat from the ground, as growing herbage ; to tend grazing cattle. — v.n. To eat grass ; to feed on growing herbage; to supply grass; to move while feeding. Grazed, grayzd, pp. of the verb to graze. Grazer, gra' zer, s. One that grazes or feeds on grow¬ ing herbage. Grazier, gra'-zhe-ur, s. One who pastures cattle, and who rears them for market. Grazing, gra'-zing, a. Supplying pasture. — s. A pasture. Grazioso, grat-se-o'- bo. (Ital.) In music, graceful, smooth, and elegant. Grease, greese,%. Animal fat in a soft state; oily or urmtuous matter of any kind, as taiUow or lard; an inflammation of the heels of a horse, which suspends the ordinary greasy secretion of the part, and produces dryness and scurflness. Grease, greeze, v.a. To smear, anoint, or daub with grease or fat; t to bribe; to corrupt with presents {vulgar). Greased, greezd, pp. of tfie verb to grease. Greasily, gree^-ze-le, ad. With grease or an appear¬ ance of it; grossly- Gheasiness, 8 . The state of being greasy; oiliness, unctuousness. Greasy, gree'-ze, a. Oily; fat; unctuous; smeared or defiled with grease ; like grease or oil; smooth ; tfat of body; gross . indelicate , indecent. Great, grate, a. Large in bulk or dimensions; bit;, being of extended length or breadth , large in number; expreMing a large, extensive, or unusual degree of anything ; long-continued ; important; weighty ; momentous; chief; principal; of vast power and excellence; supreme; illustrious; vast; extensive; wonderful; admirable; possessing large or strong powers of mind; having made extensive or unusual acquisitions of science or knowledge; distinguished by rank, oiBcc, or power; elevated; eminent, digni¬ fied in aspect, mien, or manner; magnanimous; generous, of elevated sentiments, high-minded; rich; sumptuous; magnificent; subflnie. dignified; noble; swelling; proud , principal, much travelled; pregnant, teeming , hard , difficult, famihar . inti¬ mate ; (Hstinguished by extraordinary events, or unusual importance; distant by one more generation, in the ascending or descending line, as, great grand¬ father, &c. , superior; pre eminent, familiar or inti¬ mate (vulgar). — s. The whole; the gross, the lump or mass; rmopie of rank or distinction. Grkat-bbllied, grate'-bet-lid. a. Pregnant; teeming. Great-circle Sailing, grale-sir'k) sa'-liiig, s. The system of navigating a ship in tht arc of a great circle, by which her distance is shortened. Great-coat, gratd-kote, s. An OY'er-coat. Great-coated, grate'-ko-ted, a. Wearing a great coat. > - » B GEEATEN GEEITATITE [ 457 ] 6 rsatbn 4 gfrti'fn, VA. To exalt, to enlarge. —tv.n- To mcrease, or become larger . , GaEAT-HBxaTBD, grate’-hdr’ted, a. High-spinted; un- deiected; noble. _ , j j GKE-iT-HONDBED, grate-hu7i'-dr€d, 8. Tbe long bundled of six score. ^ ^ , Greatly, grate'-le, ad. In a great degree; much, nobly *'bi8triou^y ; magnanimously ; generoi^iy , bravely. Greatness, gi«te-nta, s. Largeness of bulk, dimen¬ sions, number, or quantity i magnitude ; large amount, extent, bigh degree , iugli rank or piace ; elevation ; dignity , distinction ; eminencs ; power; command , swelling pride; affected state ; magna¬ nimity , elevation of sentiment; nobleness; strength or extent of intellectual faculties , large extent or variety ; grandeur ; pomp ; magnlflceuce; force ; in- tons! tv Great-seal, grate'-seel, 8. The principal seal of a kingdom, state, &c. Greavb,± greeve, 8. A grove. Greaves, greevz, 8.pl. Armour for the legs; a sort of boots.—Greaves or graves, the sediment of melted G^BE, greeb, s. A web-fouted bird with short wings, and very expert at diving. Grecian , ore'-sAe-an, a. Pertaining to Greece. — 8. A native of Greece; one well versed in the Greek GREcfAN^E, ure'-sAe-an-tae, T.n. To speak Greel^ Grecism, grc’Sizm, s. An idiom of the Greek language. Grbcizb, gre'-size, v.a. To render Grecian; to translate into Greek. — v.n. To speak the Greek language. Greb,$ gree, 8. Good-will; ranh; degree ; a flight of steps. —t v.n. To agree. GtreedA greed, s. Greediness. Greedily, gree'-de’le, ad. With a keen, appetite for food or drink , voraciously. Greediness, gre^-de-nes, s. Keenness of appetite for food or drinK; ardent desire. . j, , j. Greedy, urce'-de, a. Having a keen appetite for food or drinu, ravenous; voracious; very hungry ; eager Greedt-odt, gre^-de-gut, 8. A glutton; a devoui’er. a. Penaining to Greece.—Greek wders of architectui’e are the Doric, Ionic, and (^nnthian. — 8 A native of Greece; the language of Greece. Greek-fire, greek’-Jire, 8. A comhustihle eomposi^on which burns under water, the coustituente of wlucn are supposed to be asphalt, with nitre and sulphur. Greek-rose, greek'-roze, s. The flower campion. (j-REEKi^H, greek'-ish, a. Peculiar to Greece. _ GREEKLiNtx%rrftiA'4inf7,8. A little Greek; an inferior Greek writer. _ Green, green, a. A colour composed of blue and yellow rays, verdant; the colour of gromng plants and herbage ; new ; fresh ; recent; flourislung , uncle- caved , not dry; not seasoned; not roasted ,haii raw . unripe; immature • not arrived to perfection ; immature in age , young; inexperienced; raw, pale; sickly , wan , of a greenish pale colour.—In cookery, a goose is said to be green until it is four months old. — s. A colour composed of blue and yellow rays, which, mixed in different proportions, exhibit a variety of shades , the colour of growing plants; a piece ol gj'ound covered with verdant herbage ; a grass-plot, dr lawn ^ _ Gr^en has a variety of useful compounds ; as Green- Groorn, or (rreen weed, a plant of the genus geyitsia,— Green-coloured, pale or sickly.— Green-crop, & crop of grecm vegetables.— Gree?i-eyed, having green eyes. (>r^«7i/5ecA,asinging-bird,lhe green grossbeak.—Green- fi.sh, a tish .so callt'd.—Green-gac;e. a species of plum — a retailer of vegetables or fruit m their fresh >r -'reeu state.—Greeri-haired, having green locks or hair,— Grt>e}i-hand. one who Is raw and inex¬ perienced.—Gr^-^n-Ae.iri:, a Common tiee of Guiana; a tine-graiiiecl nard wood, adapted for the planking of ves.seis, wharve-. See.—Green-horn, a raw youth.— Green house, a conservatory io which tender plants are sheltered from tin w’eather, and preserved green during the winter.— Green-^nanUed, covered with green.— Green-rooyn, a room near the stage, to which actors retire during she interval of their parts in the a silicioua stone found in Devon shire, used as a whetstone for scytnes, &c.; a term applied to beds of sand, sandstone, and limestone belonging to the Cretaceous period.- the chlorosis, a disease 'f females, characterised by paleness, languor, and indigestion.—Gree?i-«?taAr, th.e name of two small species of snakes in the Unib^d States.—Green-sin/Z, a stall on wliich ^eens are ex¬ posed to sale.^Grt en-sto7ie, a rock of the trap forma¬ tion composed of hornblende and feldspar.—Green- sivard, turf green with grass.—Green-tea, a com¬ mercial variety of tea imported from China, of which there are several kinds, as Twankay, Hyson, Ac.— Green-turtle, the marine Chelonian, a great favourite with epicur<'8.— Green-vitriol, a popular name of the sulphate of Iron.— G^’een-weed^ dyer’s weed.-—Green- wood, a wood when green, as in eummer; pertaiiun^: to a green wood. — v.a. To make green. « j * Green-cloth, green'-klawth, s. A terra applied to a court of justice, established for the purpose of taking cognizance of all matters of justice in the Queen s household. Greenery, greei\'-er~t,^. Green plants; verdure. Greenish, green'-ish, a. Somewiiat green; having a tinge of green. ^ , Grebnishness, green'-ish-nes, s. The quality of heing greenish. ^ ^ Greenlander, green'’lan~der, s. A native of Green- land. . , , , Greenly, green'-le, ad. 'With a green colour; newly freshly; immaturely. — a. Of a green colour. . Greenness, green'-7ies, s. The quality of being green . viridity; immaruiity. unripeness; freshness;ngonr newness. Grebnockitb, greeJi'-ok-ite, s. a native sulpliate oi cadmium, found in Scotland. Grebnovitb, greeji' o-vite. s. A mineral of a deep ^se- red colour, found in Piedmont, consistmg of sinca, titanium, lime, and peroxide of manganese. Greens, greens, s.pl. The leaves of various plants, aa spinach, &c., hoUed in their green state for food. Greet, greet, v.a To address with expressions of kind wishes , to cougratu.ate ; to pay compiiraents at a distance; to send kind wishes to ; to meet. — v.n To meet and salute ; Jto weep. Greeted, greet'-ed, pp. of the verb to greet. Greeter, greet'-er, 8. One who greete. Greeting, greef-ing^ 8. Expression of kindness or joy , salutation at meeting. ^ ^ ^ Greezb,± arfifize, 8. A step, or flight of steps. Gregal, gr^-gal, U- Pertaming to a flock Gregarian, gre-ga'-re~an,] belonging to the herd or Gregarious, g 7 'e-ga'-re-us , a. Having the l^hit of assembling or living in a flock or herd; not habitually solitary or living alone. ^ ^ ^ a Greqarioosly , gre-ga'-re-uS’le , ad. In a flock or herd in a company. _ ^ Greqariousness, gre-ga'-re us-nes, 8. The state or quality of living in flocks or herds. Gregorian, g'r^-gfo'-re-an a Relating to Gregory and his system of chronological computation. Ihe Grc- gorian calendar is the regulation of the year uccoming to the refoimation introduced by Pope Gregory XllT. in 1582.—1 tie Gregorian year is_ the year as now reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar. Thus everv yeai-, divisible by 4, except those divisible by 100, and not by 400, has 366 days; all other years have 365 days. —Gregorian tetescope, a common form oi the reflecting telescope, so named from its Lnventor, Prof. James Gregory .—Gregoriati char, a small bomb-shell, which is to be fired by means of a tusee, and thrown by hand among enemies. , . , , Grenadier, gren-d-deer , s. A foot sohiiei; fonner^ one who threw grenades, but now ^st’oguished. from the other companies by their superior- aeight and par¬ ticular uniform, each company of grenadiers taking the right of the regiment. ^ ^ _„ Grenatitb, gren'’d-tite, 8. Staurotiiie or staurolitc» s mineral. GEESSOEIAL [ 458 ] GETS 3RijSS0RiAL, gressc'-re-alf a. In ornithology. haTinff three toes of the feet forward, two of them con¬ nected, and one behind. Grew, pret. of Grow. uRET.or Grat, grra, a. White with a speckled mix- toe of black. See Grat and its compounds.— trrey-falcon is the common falcon, which feeds on the rocks of the highlands of Scotland. — Grey-headed waataily the bird Budytes neglecta of Linnaeus. —(?rev- the bird Strix stridula of Liimmus. —Greys, or Scot!, Greys, the name of a regiment of British cavalry so called from their horses being all of a grey colom- ’ GttEiMALKiNE, yro-ma^'-Am, J Grjmalkin, gre-maV in, | ®' A.n old grey cat. GB.EYSTOCK9, ijra'-stoks, 8. In huildmq, bricks of a certain quality. Oreyweathejis, gra'-weth-ers, s.pl. Large boulders of fcuicious .sand-stone, of frequent occurrence in various places. Grias, gri'-m, s. The auchoyy pear, of the order Mgr- taceee* Grice, grice, a. A little pig; a flight of steps. See Greece Griddle, grid'dl, a. A pan, broad and shallow, for baking cakes; a miner’s wire-bottomed sieve, for separating the ore from the refuse. Gride, gride, v.a. To grate, or to cut with a grating sound ; to penetrate or pierce harshly. Gridelin, grid'-e-lin, s. A colour mixed of white and red, or a grey violet, like the colour of flax. J^RiDiRON, grid'-i-um, s. A grated utensil for broilin'^ flesh and tish o yer coals. ° Grief, greef, s. The pain of mind produced by loss, misfortune, mjury or evils of any kind j sorrow; regret; the pain of mind occasioned bv our own mis¬ conduct; pain accompanying repentance; cause of sorrow ; that which afllicts ; affliction ; trouble. Griefful, greef'-fid, a. Full of grief or sorrow. Griep-emjbittered, greef-em-bif-terd, a. Embittered by grief Griefless, greef'-les, a. Sorrowless ; without grief Grief-shot, greef'-shot, a. Pierced with grief" Grievaele, greev'-A-bl, a. Lamentable. UniETANcE, greev'-a/is, s. That which causes grief or uneasiness; that which burdens,oppresses,or iniures uuplying a sense of WTong done. ^ Grieve, greeye, v.a To give pain of mind to; to afflict; to wound the feelings ; to make sorrowful; to offend ■ to displease ; to provoke. ’ - v.n. To feel pain of mind or heart; to be in pain on account of an evil; to sorrow ; to mourn ; to lament Grieved, greevd, pp. or a. Afflicted , suffarme sorrow' Orieyer, green'-er, s. He or tliat which grieves, ^^mo^^ng"'*"’'*'"^’ ™ pain; afflicting; ORiEYiNaLv, yre^-iny-le, ad. In sorrow; soirowfuUv. oppressive; burden¬ some , afflictive ; psmful; hard to be borne ; causing grief or sorrow , offensive ; tending to irritaie ; hurt- tin ; destructive ; causing mischief Grievously, greee’-ue-le, ad. Painfully; with great pam or distress; with discontent, ill-will, or (rtef- ^ S’'*’** nneaSss: aistress, or grief; atrociously. <^PPrefisiveness.; weight ffloiLne^ a®lcfion ; calamity; aS- !* fabulous animal of antiquity, ^aiTd ’ '■'’P'’'*™ted witli four legs, wings and a beak, the upper pan resembling an earie aiid a^ion. It is the symbol ,f strength, swiftness, &c., and appears as a very prouunent figure in armorial hearings. auju i.i, ugurt GRiFFm-nEE, gri/'-^t-like, a. Resemhilng a grifflu. Gaia, grig a. A small ee!, ha meivy creature, health Grill, ^»i, y.a. To broil; to tonnent, as if byhroUine - a. Causing tenor, or shaking with cold. *^h-on^°*' Anything broiled on the grid- “■ ^ °a“e givon to the sleepers and cros-s-beams on which erecUons ai-e carried un Grilled, grtW pp or a Broiled; tormented. Grilly,^ v.a To harass. terror; adapted to create foSkfflg. Ifomble, or grisly ; ugly, or ilJ- »• Having a stern counte- Grim-visaged, grim-viz’-aje'd, a. Griiri-faced Grimace, grejnase', s A distortJon of the counteitance an air of aflfectation, , a. Distortea; having a crabbed Grimalkin, gre-maV-kin, s. See Greymalkinb Grime, yrtme, s. Foul matter; dirt; suUying black¬ ness, deeply insinuated. ^ — v.a To sully or soil deeply , to dirt. Grimly, a. Having a hideous or stern look. - ad. Fiercely ; ferociously; sonrlv , sullenly of look; sternness; Grimy, gri'-me, a. Full of grime; foul. Tu X ® and withdi-aw the lips from the teeth, so as to show them, as in lautrhter grinning ^ teeth, as in anguish ; to express by "*’/■ closing the teeth and showing them, fa trap or snare. b Grind, grine^d, v.a.; pret. and pp. Ground. To break and reduce to fine particles or powder by friction ; to comminute by attrition, to triturate; to break and reduce to small pieces by the teeth; to sharpen tv rubbing pr friction; to wear off the substance of a metallic instrument, and reduce it to a sharp edge bv the friction of a stone , to make smooth; to polish by to oppress by severe exactions; to afflict cruelly ; to harass; to crush in pieces; to ruin • to grate. vv auaja, the operation of grinding; to move ^ ’’f or pulverized by friction : to be ?y gi-iuding* smooth by fiiction; to be sharpened srin^^’ »■ , One who grinds or moves a mill, the instrument of grinding; a tooth that grinds 01 chews food; a jaw-tooth.— Grinders apply to the teeth in general. Geixdinq, grinde'-ing, ppr. or a. aeduclng to powder oppSro.’ Of polishing by fSetion; te.'i’tems ^ powder; sharpening or polishing; oppression. ® Grihdle-8tone,J gri,m.stone,\s. Aflat,ciroularstoiie O^tNDSTONE, pring'di-ifone, J used for grinfflng Grinner, grin'-ner, s. One who grins as’in'laughtlr.''""'^' " “■ the teeth,. GRiKwiRoto, grin'-ning-le, ad. With a griimiug laugh. Grip, »«;>, ,. A grasp; a holding fast {see Gripe) ■ i a small ditch or fiUTOW; the g riffin , G + d v.a. trench; to drain. seize; to grasp; to catch with ^ closely with the fingers, to hold fast, to squeeze; to embrace closely; to clutch; to pinch; to press; to compress ; to give uain to the bowel^ to straiten ; to distress K piofittag; to get money by hard bargi^s or mean exactions, to feel the coUc^ to brmg a ^p s head too close to the wind “nr "’“i' hand or paw or i^th the arms ; . sq^ueeze ; pressure , oppression * wE,® ’ ^®ioHon . pinching distress , a lever which can be pressed upon a wheel to retard or stou “I® are apHied to an affwtaon or of the bowels.-In seamen’s lanunaoe ^P.P'**^ to the fore-foot or piece of timlier which ^luiatss the keel at the fore-end, also to a^mblage ot ropes, dead-eyes, and hooks fastened V- rlng-bolts in tlie'deck to seemre the boate Oripefcl, yrtpe'-ful, a. Disposed to gripe ^ ; an GaiPiMs,yW'-p«ig, ppr.ora. Grasping; seizing hnl.l iMwe^ ' oppressing; distressfn'g'^ the - s. A pinching or grasp, a poeuUar pain of the into, tmea.—In seatHsu's Imtguaae the to run to the wiudwarT^'h’er co™ ^fh^Soweis"'’’''^’"'-"- ® Patnin Griping; greedv • covefmie «« feeling; grasping fast; ^nacio^. ^ ’ covetous lui Grippleness^ gnp'pl-nes, s. Covetousness G'rts.I; grees.%. A kind of fiir. GEISAMBER [ 469 ] GEOUND Qai8A.MBER,+ gri^-am-beTy 8. Used by Hilton for amber- gris. GniHBd: grise.y 8 A step, or scale of steps ; a swine. Grisette^ gre-Bet'y s. (Fr.) A tradesinan’s wife or daughter Grimkin 4 gri!f k%n,%. The spine of a hog. Grisliness. g^'iz'-le-ne», s Quality of being grisly or hoirible Grtsiy . grrtz'-^«, a. FTightfuJ, horrible; terrible. GRisoTf, gri' nun, i. A South American animal of the glutton kind, a little larger than a weasel. Gr]sonr, grt^’-zimn. s.pl. Inhabitants of the eastern ^wLss Alps Viisi, grist, s. Com for grinding, or that which is ground at one time ; supply , provision . profit, gain. Grtst-mill, grisf ■mill, s. A null for grinding grain. Gristle, gris'tl, s A cartilage ; a smooth, solid, elastic substance in animal bodies. Gristlt , grist'-le, a. Consisting of gristle ; like gristle ; cartilaginous. Grit, grit, 8. The coarse part of meal; oats hulled or coarsely ground , sand or gravel; rough, hard parti¬ cles ; a hard sandstone.— Orit-rock, or Grit-slone, is stone composed of particles of sand agglutinated. GaiTH.i grtth,s. Agreement. Grittiness, grit'-te-nes, 8. The quality of containing grit, or consisting of grit, sand, or small, hard, rough particles of stone. Grittt, grit'-te, a. Containing sand or grit; consisting r f grit; full of hard particles , sandy. Grizzle, griz'zl, 8. A grey colour ; a mixture of white and black Grizzled, grtz'zld, a. Grey ; of a mixed colour. Grizzly, griz’-le, a. Somewhat grey .—Grizzly hear, a large and ferocious bear of Western North America. Gnoan, yrone, v n. To breathe with a deep murmuring sound; to utter a mournful voice, as in pain or sor¬ row , to moan , to sigh , to be oppressed or afflicted; to complain of oppression. — 8. A deep, mournful sound, uttered iu pain, sorrow, or anguish ; any low, rumbling sound Groanful, (/ron<»'-/n/, a. Sad. indticing groans. Gro^ NINO, gro'~ning, ppr. or a. Uttering a low, mourn¬ ful sound. — s. The act of groaning ; lamentation ; complaint; a deep sound uttered In pain or soitow.—I n hunting, cry or noise of the buck. OrRo\. t, grnwt,8 An English money of account, equal to four pence ; a proverbial name for a small !eculiar principle obtained fixim gooseberries and other acid fruits. Grot, grot, is. A natural cave or rent in the Grotto, grof-to, ) earth ; an artificially ornamented cave, for coolness and refreshment. Grotesque, gro-tesk', a. Wildly formed; whimsical; extravagant; of irregular forms and proportions, ludicrous; antic.—In sculpture orpainiin^,something whimsical, ludicrous, or extravagant. — 8. The representation of whimsical scenery or figures; artincial grotto-work. GROTBSQUBL-i, gro-teskf-le, ad. In a fantastical manner. Grotesqueness, gro-tesh^-nes, s. State of being gro- tesqxie. Ground, gretond, 8. The surface of land or upper part of the earth, wiithout reference to the materiais wliicli compose it; region ; territory ; land ; estate; posses¬ sion ; the surface of a flofir or pavement; foundation ; that which supports anything, as of an argument; fundamental cause , primary reason or original prin¬ ciple , first principles.—In painting, that which is first put on tlie surface un vrhich a figure or object is represented.—In mannfaetures, the principal colour, to which otheiB are considered as ornamental —In etching, a gummfius composition spread ovur the surihoe of the metal to be etched.—Field or place of action ; as battle ground.—lji music, the name given to a compcjaitioD in which the base, couaisting of a few bai^ of independent notes, is continu^ly repeated to a continually varying xx^clo^j.— To gain grou^id,to advice; to proceed forward in conflict, to gaiit crediit; to prevail.— To lose ground, to retire; to re¬ treat, as in battle ; to lose credit • to decline.— To give ground, to recede ; to yield advantage.— Ground has a variety of compounds; as Ground f^oor, the first oi GEOUUD [ 460 ] &EUDGE SAsemenc tioor of a nouae or gilding, although in couunoD parlance the second floor from the ^rtmnd is exiled the first fl(.K>T.—those which rest ttpon 8 lee 4 )er 8 laid upon the ground, only used in base¬ ment and ground-floors,—(?roM/irf-pl«n, the plan of the story of a house level with the surface of the ground.— *^ound-plane, in ptrspective, the situation of the Original plane in the supposed level of our horh?on,— Qrouud-plot, the ground on «shich a building is placed ; the ichnographv of a building.— Ground-rent, the rent paid for the privilege of building on another man's land.—C^ottrui-roow, a room on the ground; a lower room GaouND, v.a. To lay or set on the ground; to found ; to rest or base ; to fix or set; to settle in first princi¬ ples ; to fix firmly. — v.n. To run aground; to strike the bottom and re¬ main fixed, as a ship. — pret. and pp. or a., from GniNn, Geouni>aoe, grownd-ij, s. A tax j^id by a ship for the ground or space it occupies while in port. Ground anoling, grownd'-ang-Ung, s. Filing without a float, with a weight placed a rew inches from the hook. , aroicnd'-ashy s. A sapling of ash ; a young shoot from the stump of an ash. Ground-ba.it, grownd-hate, s. Bait consisting of balls of boiled baney. &c., dropped to the bottom of the water to collect together the fish. Grounded, grownd'~ed, pp. Laid In the gronnd; run aground. — a Based on firm principles. Groondedlt, grownd'-ed-le, ad. Upon firm principles. Ground-ivt, grownd'-i-ve, s. A well-known low, trail¬ ing plant. Groundless, grownd'-let, a. Wanting ground or foun¬ dation j wanting cause or reason for support; not authorized; false. Groundlesslt, grownd'-let-le, ad. Without reason or cause. Groundlessness, grownd'-les-net, s. Want of just cause, reason, or authority for support. Groundling, <;roi^mrf'-Wng, s. A fish that keeps at the bottom of the water; a low, vulgar person. Groundlt,:|: grownd'-le, ad. Upon principles; solidly. Ground-nest, grownd'-nest, s. A nest on the ground. Ground-nut, grownd'-nut, The fruit of a South Ame¬ rican *j)lant, also called earth-nut or pea-nut; a North American twining plant of the pea-tribe. Ground-oak, grownd'-oke, s. A sapling of oak. Ground-pine, grownd'-pine, 8. A plant, a species of teucrium. Ground-plate, grownd'-plate, s. In architecture, the ground-plates are the outermost pieces of timber lying on or near the ground. Grounds, grownds, s.pl. Dregs; lees, as coffee grounds. Groundsel, grownd'-sel, s. A plant of the genus senecio, of several species. Groundsel, grownd'-tel, 1 s. The timber of a building Ground-sill, grownd'-sil, j which lies next to the ground , commonly called a sill. Ground-swell, grownd'-swel, s. A swell and heaving of the ocean with great power from beneath, wMle the surface is not agitated by any existing tempest. Ground-tackle, grownd-tak'kl, s. In ships, a general term for everything necessary to secure a vessel at anchor. Ground-tow, grownd'-to, s. In rope-making, the loose hemp that comes from the sides of the hatchellers and spinners. Ground- WAYS, grownd'-ways, s.pl. In sAips, the large pieces of timber laid across the slips or deck, to place the blocks upon. Ground WORK, grownd'-wurk, s. The work which forms the foundation or support of anything; the basis^ the fundamentals; that to which the rest are additional, first principle ; original reason. Group, groop, s. A cluster, crowd, or throng; an as¬ semblage ; a number collected without anv regular form or arrangement.—In painting and sculpture, an assemblage of two or more figures of men, beasts, or other things which have some relation to each other. — v.a. To form a group; to bring or place together in a cluster or knot; to form an assemblage. Groupade, groo-padd, s. (Fr.) A lofty Kind of manage. higher than the curvet. Grouped, groopd, pp. of the verb to group. Grouping, groop'-ing, s. The art of composing or combining the objects of a piotore or piece of scnlj^ ture. ‘ Grouse, growsCf^. A heath-cock; tbe name ol several species of birds of the genus Tetrae, which are highly prized for food. — v.n. To seek or shoot grouse. Grout, growl, s Coacse meal ; pollard; a kind of wild apple; a chin, coarse mortar for pouring into the joints of masonry and brick-worR , also, a finer mate¬ rial for finishing the best ceilings, lees; that which purges off, wort of the last running. Grouting, growt'-ing, b. The ..rocess of tilling in or finishing with grout; the grout thus filled in. Grove, grove, s. A small wood or clu>terof trees with a shaded avenue, or a wood impervious to the rays of the sun; a wood of small extent. Grovel, groiZ-el, v.n. To creep on the earth, or with the face to the ground; to lie prone; to act in a pros¬ trate posture; to be low or mean. Groveller, grov'ler, s. One who grovels ; an abject wretch. Grovelling, grov'ling, a. Me«n; without dignity or elevation. Grovy, gro'-ve, a. Pertaining to a grove; frequenting groves. Grow, gro, v.n.; pret. Grew; pp. Grown. To enlarge in bulk or stature by a natural, imperceptible addition of matter; to vegetate, as plants, or to be augmented by natural process, as animals; to be produced by vegetation; to increase, to be augmented, to wax; to advance; to improve, to make progress, to come forward ; to be changed from one state to another ; to become, as to grotv worse ; to proceed , to accrue ; to swell.—To grow out of, to issue from, as plants from the soil.—To grow up, to aiTive at manhood, or to advaiK*:; to full stature-— To grow up, or to grow together, tj close and adhere to; to become united by grow'th. — v.a. To cause to grow ; to produce; to raise. Grower, gro'-er, s. One w’ho grows; one who raises or produces; that which increases. Growing, gro'-ing, ppr. or a. Increasing ; advancing in size or extent; producing. Growl, growl, v.n. To murmur or snarl, as a dog , to utter an angry, gnimbling sound. — v.a. To express by growling — 8. The murmuj of a cross dog. Growler, growl’ r.r, s. A snarling cur: a grumbler. Growling, ppr. or a. Grumbling; snarling. — 8. The act of grumbling or snarling. Growlingly, growl' ing-le, ad. In a growling manner. Grown, grone, pp. or a., from Grow. Advanced; increased in growth; having arrived at full size or stature. —Grown over, covered by the growth of anything; overgrown. Growth, aroath., s. The gradual increase of animal and vegetable bodies; that which has grow'n; produc¬ tion , anything produced ; increase in numoer, bulk, frequency, extent, or prevalence; advancement; progress; improvement. Growthead, growt'-hedj'iB. A kind of fish; $a laiy Growtnol, growt'-nol, j person , a lubber. Grub, gruh, v.n. To dig ; to be occupied in disging. — v.a. To dig.—To grub up, to dig up by the roots with an instrument. to root out by digging. — 8. A fleshy, dingy-coloured larva, proceeding from the egg of a moth, beetle, w other inse< t; a dwart chubby person, used in contempt.—: term applied to a lo\v or worthless literarv duction, and so called from a street in Moorficld' London, formerly inhabited by scurrilous writers. Grub-axe, grub'-aks, s. A tool used in grubbing u; weeds and the like. Grui.ber, 8 . One who grubs ; an instrument for digging up the roots of trees, ,m<'-er, 8. One who grants; a species of gurnard, racaUed from the peculiar noise which it G??N?iEO, grunt'-ing, s. The guttural sound of swine GRUNT“raoL“gra™«'-inp-lr,ad. Murmuriugly; mutter- ingly. Gruntle,^ grun'tlf v.n. To grunt. Gruntlino, grxintf-ling, s. A young hog. v«i 1 ti/» Gry + ari 8 Anything very small or of little Grvphite: grif'-fitc, »■ Crowstone, a fossil bivalve shell, having a hooked beak. hr>i wood Gdaii.com , gwa-ya'-kum, s. Lignum ^ a tree produced in the warm climates of Aiiienca. Oum guaiacum is the resin of this tree, much used in G?AE‘^A':‘‘gw<.'-r.d, 8. A species of lisard found In Ame- 6c*amaco gu-an'-d-ko, s. The name of a South "rican quadruped, of the genus to which the iama Gc!Sr 0 O 8 , gu-wi-if’-er-us, a. Yielding guano. Go^oTd«-«,V'-o; s. (Perav.) A rich manure, compos^ cliici/ of the excrements of sea-fowls, and brought from the South American and African coasts. Guarantee gar-an-t^, is. Aji undertalung or e Goarantt, pL'-on-fe, 1 gagemeiit by a third person or party, that tlie stipulations of ha‘rved hv the contracting parties or by one of them, one who binds himself to see the stipulations of an GDl??N??E‘“’Mr'^an-(/. v.a. To warrant; to make snre to’n^dertake or engage that ‘inother p^on shall perform what he has stipulated; to mdemnify, to save harmle,8s. Gdaranteed. fifar-rtu-frrd', pp. warranteu. Guarantor, gar'-an-tur, s. A waiTanter; one who engages to see that the stipulations of another are G?!M,'“a?d, v.a. To defend, protect, or watoh over; to secure against injury, loss, or i safety to secure against objections or the attacks ot malevolence; to accompany, with a view to protee- tion ; tto gird ; to fasten by binding Guard, vn. To watch by way of caution or defence , to be cautious, to be in a state of defence or safety. - 8 Preservation or security against imury, loss, ot attack, defence, prote. iion, shield, or safeguard ; that which secures again-t attack or injury , a man or body of men occupied in preserving a person or ■ J»eo trrm attack or iniury ; a state of caution or vig.iA—ce, cr the act of observing what passes, in ordei tu prevent surprise or attack ; that which secures against objee^ tions or censure caution of expie.'iSion, hilt of a sword, which protectf? the haiul, tan orna- mentaHace, hem. or bofder.-In fencing a posture o defence—AdKOuced or vaii-ijuaid, a body o! teoops either horse or foot, that march beforp an armv or division, to prevent surprise or give notice of danger — Hear guard, a body of troops that march iii the rear of an army or division, for its protection.— L§e-g^rds, a body of select defend the person of a prince or guards of a steam-boat are a widening of the di ck by a framework of strong timbei-s, each aide to the water-wheel, and protect it shaft against collision with wharves and other boats. —Gu(^-boat, a boat which keeps chamber a guard-room.—a room toi inc accmnmbdafion of guards. a vessel o4 war appi-iuted to superintend marine affa^ Guardable, gdr’-dfi-bl. a. Tkat luay be protected. Gua.rdage 1 a'dr'-daje, 8. Wardship GuARUANil ^gdr'-dant, a. Acting as miardian. —In Wldry, haVing the 4cc turned towarcTthespectator. O^ARDEm.'^yard'S, pp. Defended; accompanied by a —^ Cautious, circumspect; framed or uttered with Gdardeddv giir'-ded-Le, Ad. With circumspection. G^SBnNE^rpari-dBd-urs. 8. Caution, circuuispec- tion. , , Guarder, gdr'-der. s. One who guards. GuARDPUL, g'drd'-ful, a. Wary , cautious. GcARDiA.N,?ar'-rf^'-an, s. A warden , one who guards, preserves, or secures ; one to whom anything is com¬ mitted for care or protection-In larv one who is chosen or appointed to take charge of the estate and education of an orphan.— Guardian of tht spiritunli-^ ties the person to wlioin the spiritual jurisdiction o> a mocese fs entrus.cd during tke «toancy of he ^ .-Guardian in socage is a term applied - A __^ .1 .Ne,,. iNw nwintt iiTl ITlfRUt UUdCr tbC — Guardian tn socage is a Lenu app.Acu y .s«-xa of socage tenure desi end upon an mfant under th - Protecting , performing the offlee of a protector. Guardianess, piti-'-de-nu-es, s. tII jlfflce^of a Gdardianship, gar'-de-an-ship, 8. The office ol guardiim . protection . care ; watch. . „ G??rdless, ^drd'des, a. VVithout a guard or defence. Gua-rhship. Care, protection. Gtiary-MIRACLE, (/o'-re-wtr'-n-A:/, 8. A miracle-^ay. Guava aa' vh, s. A tree of warm climates, the fruit of which is about the size of a rj-i'HFRNATE i Qu'-her-naie, v.a. T .0 govern. Gu BERN A^ioS ,1 gu-her-na’ shun. 8. Government; rale; Gdbe\native,+ gu'-ber-nii-tiv, ?■ Gdbern.atoeial,-V gu-ber-nA-to-re-al, a. Pertaining to GfnrE“d?j;»%“A’'Sr fresh-water fish, easily '^rauSt- a person easUy cheated or ensnared; a bait; S’tofement, an iron pin on which a wheel or shaft ol a machine tuins.-In a ship, a clamp on which the raSder ta^.-SfO-p«dpron,the biack goby, or rack- Orm DER-ROSE, gh.el'-der-roze, 8. G®bOER-BOaR Goelps I If i *• uaine of a potent Orr^'pHS \ faction, frequently mentioned in ^Wnrv’ as omiosed to the GhibeUmes, oi'suppjiters GdIr?^ A reward . recompense, GlE''RnoNlBD?,Xri-*-'l;^a"- ‘ GcERnoNi.Eas,t /gp ) ^ term applied to ®an tee-Xr mode of carryi^ on war by the constar.i attacksV independent hanos. GUEEITE t 462 ] GULP OnjjiiiTB gher'-it, 8. Ip fortification, a small tower, generally on the point of a bastion, for holding a sentinel. ” Gaisee, y/ws, v.a. To conjecture, sunnise, or imaKine: to form an opinion without certain principles or means of kj^owledee, or from some reasons that render a thing probable, but faU short of sufficient ovi'lence . to hit upmi by accident, to be inclined to oeh *Te - v.n To conjecture , to judge at random. - s. Conjecture , judgment without any certain evidence or grounds OuBi^ WORK, yhes' wurk, 8. Work performed at hazard, or by mere conjecture. OuEssEu, gkest, pp. of the verb to UuEssER, yhefi' set, s. One wuo guesses, a conjecturer one whojudges without certain knowledge (jUEssiNf.. ghex' stng, s. The foniiing of conjectures. , ghex'-sing-le, ad. By way of conjecture. liuEST, ghesi, s. A stranger ^ one who conics from a distance, and takes lodgings at a place , a visitor, a tnend entertained in the house or at the table of another.—(?«««/■-cAa?n6er, an apartment appropriated to the entertainment of guests. - Quest-rite, office due to a guest.— Quest-rope, a rope to tow with, or make fast a boat. —j: v.n To be entertained in the house or at the table of another. Guestwise, ghestr-wxze, ad. In the manner of a guest. CIdgolb, gug'gL See Gurole. ^ loose, earthy deposit from water, found in rocks. Guida-ble, gui' dii-bl, a. That may be guided or go- ^ verned by counsel. Guidage, gui'-dqje, s. The reward given to a guide for services Guidance, gut'-dans, s. The act of guiding ; direction , ^ government , a leading OviDE, guide, v.a. To lead or direct in a way , to con¬ duct in a course or path ^ to influence ; to give direc¬ tion to , to instruct, to regulate and manage: to superintend. — 8. A p«rson who leads or directs another in his w.-.y oroomse, a conductor, a director, a regulator, that wh’' h leaos or i onducts, OviD-Rij, gui'-deri, pp o* the verb to i/iitrfe ing a dfreX;"'''''’’ ^ '«°‘- directs Smde; one who guides or ’• standard of a regi- ^ meat of dragoons or aaht dragoons “• ^ -<00101,, fratermt,, or company, associated for some purpose, par-icularly for carryinir on commerce.—the hall where a guild o'? corporation usually assembles; the great court of Judicature in London GuiLuijiLa, a. Liable to a taa GniLnaa, yA«r-der ,s. See Gilder decei’t ' wll; ;* sublletf, ’.mud?"^ ’ * — V.a. To disguise orafli y. GuiLED,j A. Treitcherous: deceiving deeeXl’.‘'“n lY "■‘‘'‘y • "^ful; wily; ou^'lLtnd'e'Ii't'i'd^eiy'"’’"'’ i '--^e^r-’ ®SYXro;--ly^“‘'‘'-^“'-'‘' insidiously; »• Deceit, secrrt ®anre»rfra7I"''‘"’ dooeit; artless, trank, -incere, honest * Goile, EssLT.pmie' les-fr,ad. li aguileles- manner ^fIom‘'gune''**' »• S^phcity; freedom ^imsuYurir,',"’*- ‘‘“"S" by Gdillkmot ghU'-le-mot, a. A water-fowl with short wings, Inhahiting the northern seas. jOiLLHvai , yhiV-U-rat, s. A vat for fermeming liquors, r “’ *• O'-cfufecture, an oi na- “■ strings ® P'.hei in a contiuued series. behead^io*’ ». * n engine or machine for beheading persons at a stroke. — r.a. To behead with the guillotine I GtTiLLS, ghils, 8. A plant, the com marigold Guilt pAift 8. Criminality, that state of a moral agent which results from his actual commission of a I other peiudfy • oiiposn'-t to forfeiture or I gniLTiLiKE.i uAiif-c-A4e,ad. Guilty, I Gt'iLTiLi, ghu' te-l.e,ai In a manner to Incur guilt. not innocr'ntly. t Grii.TiNEss, yhU' te-ne»,». The state of being guilty. wickedness, crimmallty ; guilt. * ‘ vnilt' lcs, a. Free from guUt, crime, or ottence , innocent, " . .... Without guilt, inno- Gnii.ri.nssNEss, ginlt’-les-ne), s. Innocence; freedom troni guilt or crime. ^guilt^^^^’ I^iseaaed in consequence o# a. O-iminal, having knowingly com- niitttd a crime or offence , wicked ; corrupt, sinful, iri iMBARD, ghim-bard, s. A muaicaJ Instrument, the Jew's-harp. ” a gold coin of Great Britain, worth twenty-one shillings. 8- great or Indian Guinea-fowl, ahin'.ne-/oiot,\8. A gaUinacenus fowl. Guinea-hen, ghtn-ne-hen, ) of a greyish-blue co- lour, With small lyhite spots, originally from Africa s. Tile aromaUc truit or 8e(*d of a species of atnotnutn or vapsicutn ® a small quad- BrazU ^ ^ native of ^Txcetstm^^' S' The plant Parinnrium Guise pufre, s. Exteimal appearance, dress, garb- h.ibit, manner; mien; cast of behaviour, custom; mode , practice. ’ Gulser, gni' zrr,fi. A person in disguise , a mummer. Guitar, ghc tnr , s A stringed instrument of music. gula, pa In, I 8. An ogee or wavy racniber in a build- Gola, go -Id, j ing ^ iJie cymatiutn. Gula a, gu'-lnr, a Pertaining to the throat. Gulch4’ gulsh. s, A glutton . a swallowing. —I v.a To swallow greedily Gules, gules, s In heraldry, a red colour Gulf, gulf, &. A recess in the ocean, from the genenil line of the shore into the land, or a tract of w'ater ex¬ tending from the ocean or a sea into the land between two points or promontories, a large bay, an abvss a deep place m the earth a whirlpool. an absorbing eddy , anything insatiable.— Qul^-iudented, indented with gulfs, as applied to a giUfy shore Gulfv, gul'-fe. a Full of whirlpools or gulfs Gull, gul, v.a. To deceive, to cheat; to mislead bv de¬ ception ; to trick , to defraud. A cheating or cheat, trick, fraud, one easily cheated , a well known web-footed sea-fowl, with long wings, of which there are many species Gull-catcher, gnl’-katch-er, s- A cheat; a man who cheats or entraps silly people. Gulled, guld, pp. of the verb to guU. Guller, gu!' -ler, s A cheat. an impostor. Gulleht 4 gnV-le~re, s. Cheat Gullet, gul'-let, s. The pa8s, s Credulity Vulgar) Gullible, a Easily gulled (Vulgar ) Gullied, gul'-lid. pp. ora Having a hollow worn bv water ^ Gulli»h,j gul'-lish. a Foolish . stupid Gullishnesh-J gul’ lish-nes,h FooRshnes-s, stupidity. Gclli, guV-le s A channel or hollow worn in the earth by a curreni of water —-QuUxes is a term some¬ times applied If) irf>n tram plates or rails — v.n To fUD w'lth noise Gully out, gul' le gut, » A glutton Golli-holb^ gul' le-hole, s. An opening where ‘aittors empty their contents intf> the subterraneous sewer. Gulositi,-» gu-los' e-te, a Greediness voracity ex ce.8sive appetite for food Gulp ^dp. v.a To swallow eagerly or in large draughts.—To gulp up, to throw up from tiie throat or stomach: to disgorge. — 8. A swallow, or as much as Is swallowed at once • a dLsgorging. GUM [ 4C3 ] GUT aoH oum, a. Tlie hard fleshy auoatance oi rnc jaws, m | Gcnshot, ttun'-sAr*. a. The diataace of ihe point-blanJi whiph th.p teevjh arp imbpddpci.— Ouui-hoil, an ulcer of range of a <,aiinoii sUot the gum -0»m“wh a cutaneous eruption of the , Oonsu.th, s a. nuilter or repairer of smaL gunis. or wetb eruption, to Wtu.^ iiifaute are GJ^^Sni^EBT, pun'umrlfc-c-rs, s. The busiuesa of s “BS "«=r=,. «mmo»>.’a, u*»:Uie produce o. the Per^ tree Dorema ur ™ ^ 7' ammoniacum Sun.-on.me, the resinous produce of Gunwook pun rioA, s. Gdnstick, ^ - or rod to ram down the charge of a musliei, &c. -Gum- f enus tales of the viscous ad with guiD or the Locust tree of the West Indies Oum-arafitc, the . •concrete juice which exudes from several species* of Acacia Gurn-copa^. the resinous produce of tlie ■Mexican tree Elaphrium excelsum. Gutn-danttc, or ^las'u: gum caoutchouc), the well-knowu substance, obtained from a tJee in South America by mclsion : Cri.m gnlhaitum, the produce of the Syrian plant GiU- banum 'ifflcinale Gum-jituipBr, a concreUm resin wiiich exudes from the Juniperus communis Gu7n- resin, an exudation of plants, consisting of a mixt^e of gum and resin, or of a substance intermediate be¬ tween the two Gum smeyal, a gum resembling gura-arabic . Gum- ragaeanth, the gum of a thorny Sirub of that name, m Crete, Asia, and Greece. tree, the popular name of tlie black gum, of the ge] nyssa. one of the largest trees of the Southern Sta of America . — v.a To smear with gum, to unite by a viscous sub¬ stance Gcmuu. gum' -bo, s. A dish of tood made of young cap¬ sules of ocra, with salt and pepper, stewed and served with melted butter fiuMLAC gum' The resinous produce of an insect, which deposits its eggs on the branches of a tree cahcd hihar Oi'Mii\fy,&oo», gunt-fmf'-er-us, a.. Producing gum. Gummimcss, gum' mt-nes, 8. The slate or (quality of being gummy, visconsness, accumulation oi gum _ GcMMOsiT’i gum mosf e-te, 8 The nature of gum, giimmiuftss a visi’ous or adhesive quality OriiMors, I a Consisting of gum Guumt, guiit' 7ne, ) nature of gum hesjve , productive of gum. covered viscous matter Qvar, gump. a A foolish person , a doll ^Vulgar.) Gumption, oum*p'-sAmh, s. Capacity shrewdness; ad¬ dress (Vulgar.) Gums b. b, m GuN.tfun s. Any sort of fire-arms from which ballsi, shot or other deadly missiles are discharged by the exolosion of gunpowder The larger species .»f t/nnj are called camion, and the smaller species are called musket rt/itu., carbtnei, fowling-pteces. &C - Guu barrel is the barrel or tube of a gun. —^>oae, a boat or small vessel fitted to carry cannon in the bow or amidships — Gun-carriage, a wheel carriage for bearing and moving caunon.—Otm-wftwn. a highly explosive substance, obtained by soaking cotton, or any other vegetable fibre, in nitric and su^huric acKls and then sulfering it to dij.-Guu fire, in military a^ffairs, the houi’ at which the morning or evening gun is* fiired -—Guti *netal, as alloy of copper and tin —fJun-rootn, in vessels of war, an apartment occupied by the commissioned oflfiners as a mess-room; a ward room the ropes, blocks. &c., affixed t(‘ each side of the gun-carriage.—A gun-tcuikle purchase among seamen, is composed of two single blocks and a fall —i V n To shoot- . Gunn A«E. gun'maje, 8. The numbers of guns m a ship of war Gdnnei iJe^GcNWALB. Gunner, gun' tier, s One skilled in the use of guns , a cannonier aii officer appointed to inajiage artillery. —In the navy, a wa.rrant-offit;er having charge of tiie tydiuincf of a vt^ssel Gcnnbr^ gnu' nt-re, s The stuence of artillery , the an of managing cannon Gunnino. atu(/. a T1 game with a gun Gcnnt , gun' ne, 8. \ coarse sackcloth manufactured in Bengal, of which hags are made for containing salt and other articles Gunpowder, gnu' poui-der, a. A composition of salt- ptitre, sulphur, and charcoal, mixed and reduced to a mie powder, then granulated and dried, and used in artillery, In ehootiug game, blasting rocks, &c.; a name given to a superior kind of green lea. The stock or wood in whicl the barrel’of a gun is fixed. ^ b. . Gunstonb, gu7i' stone, %■ A stone used for the shot ot cannon Gcn ieu’s Chain, gwi'-ters rc/iane, s The chain coin munlv used for measuring land, 66 feet in length, and divid^ into 100 Unks, so sailed from the name of the inventor. — Gunter's lint is a logarithmic line, used for performmg the niulUpUcutiou and division of numbers mechanically.—Guni«r’s scale is a large plane scale, having various lines of numbers engraved on it, by means of wliich questions in practical geometry and __,..4y-w qM nf n nmr ol arithmetic are resolved, with the aid of a pair compasseSi. , , Gunwalk, 1 )8- The upper edge of a ship a Gunnel, ( \ side , uppermost wale of a ship. GuB(iB,4 gurje, s. A whillpool. —v.a To swallow. GuROBoN.t gur'-jun,» The Coarser part of meal sepa¬ rated from the bran. Gurqle, gur'gl, v.n. To run, as liquor, with a pvia- ing noise . to run or flow in a broken, irregular, noisy cuiTeut. - Gurgling, gar'gl%ng, ppr. or a Running or flowing with a purling sound. — a A running with a broken, noisy current. GvKHOFiTi,, gur'-ho file, & A sub-variety of niag,nesiaE caroonate of lime, found near Gurhof, in Lower Austria. Gurnard. gur'-iKH'd, \ s. A sea fish, of several s^eciM i some of which ore liiglUj . A kind of plain, coarse Indian The name of a smafi port in the forth with The act of hunting or shooting Gurnet, gur' net, esteemed for food Gurrah. gur'-r'd, j muslin GvRRY, guY'-re, 8. Last Indies. ^ Gush, v.n. To issue with violence and rapidity, as a fluid , to flow copiously , to stream. — v.a. To emit in copious effusion. — 8 A sudden and violent issue of a fluid from an Inclosed place , the fluid thus emitted. Gushing, gush'-ing, ppr or a. Rusliinj violence, as a fluid . flowing copiously — s A rualiing fortii with violence Gushimglt, gush'-ing-le, ad In a gushing nianncr. Guissbt gus'-set,i A small piece of cloth inserted in a garmeat, for the purpose of strengthenuig or eniargmg gome part. Gust, gust, s. Taste, tasunc, or the sense of tasting, the pleasure of tasting , I'elish , sensual enjoyment; pleasure , ajuusement, gratificatiaai, turn of j mteliectUHl taste , a sudden squall, h violent blast of wind , a gale, a violeni hurst of passion. —► v.a To taste , to have a relish GnsTABLa.i- gits' ta-bl, a That may be tasted; tastable; plaasaiii to the taste —^ k Anything that may be tasted , an eatuoie. Gustation ,+ gus-tet' shun, s The act of u^ting Gust ATI VBNBS8, gus'-ta-tiv-nes,& A term in phrenology, applied to an organ situated under the temples, mdi- cative of epicurtsm or gluttony- Gustatory, gus'-th-tur-e, a. Tertainiug to gust or — 8 A name of the Ungual nerve. Gi^sif'L, gust'-ful, a. Tasteful; weU-tasied; that relishes ... Gi’StvuLND as, gusf-f%U-nes, s. Relish, pleasantness to the Uiste Gust LESS. gust'-Les, a. Tasteless. Gubtu, KoUsb, that which excites measiuit sensations in the palate or tongue; + intell.-etuai Gnsrv, gui-te, a. Subject to sudden blasts of wind ; stormy, tempestuous. GuT,ou«,s The intestinal canal of an animal, a pipe or tube extending, with many circumvolutions, troui the pylorus to tne vent; the sfi'macb; cluttony. —^v!af°To take out the bowels, to cylscerate; tc plunder of contents. GUTTA [ 464 ] ‘ HABILITATIOISr •>ur rs a pi Gott.®. in pathology, zl term of frequent api)lication iji conjunction with aonie adjev^iive to denoU' a particular disease . as opaea, cataract; gmta sereua, amaurosis, or blindness caused by a palsied retina, ntlta rosacea, acne, or rosy drop.—In architecture, gxutcB are small ornanu'nts resembling drops, used in the Doric entablature Gotta-ted, a. Besprinkled with drops. trDTTEa, gut -ter, s. A channel or passage for water; a hollow in the earth for conveying water “ v a To cut or form into small hollows. “ hollowed or channelled ; to run in drops ^ or hollows, as a candle. ^ Gottrred, gat'-terd, pp. Formed into small hollows. rfUTTERiNQ, gut ter-ing, s. A forming into hollows. Guttifer.®, gut~tif'-er-e, ig. A natural order Guttiferack^, gui-tif-er-a'-ae-e, ] of Exogenous plants, consistmg of tropical trees, that exude gum or the^ype guttifer, or gum-bearing tree, is a. Yielding gum or (JuTTLE,t gutftl, v.a. To swallow. {Vulgar, — v.n. To swallow greedily. (iuTTPER, gut'J,ler. s. A greedy eater. ""ibSd in t^htttookr to throat; A letter pronounced m the throat, as the Greek X (eiii. In anatomy, th.. guttural artery is the suoe- rioi .Lyroidal artery, ^ 0 uTTu RALi. Y, guV-tu-raiAe, ad. In a guttural manner • in the throat. GoT-roRiLNEss, yuf-tti-ral-nes, s. The quaUty of bem» guttural. ® uoTTURiNB,± guf-tu-rin, a. Pertaining to the throat wiS’d^ops.'"’ ^ " sp^niied which T,: s. A plant, the globularia alypa. Which IS a Violent purgative. ^ Guv, s. In nautical matters,, a. rope attached to anything, to steady it and bear it one way and another m hoisting or lowering , a caricature. ’ Mak’fr*'equently“ ““““ ' *“ "rlist “ucli or often, or with immoderate ~ s. An insatiable thing or person. ^ratednaker'^*'^’ puzzles; an immode- seomcn. to sliifl a boom of a fore and att sail trum one side of a vessel to the other ^8idpriRt*th^r“'‘■'‘“'who pre- aiued at tiie Grecian games. ^ .iNisiLM, jim-na‘ sr-um, 8. A place where athlpfic “f. P™f««aed, a school for t.he higher oiam hes of literature and science ® “=““8 or learns gym- GiMNiSTic, a. Pertaining to athletin exercises, intended fur health or diverfion GiK.visTiciLLv, Jim-,1,ad. In a irvmmstie manner athieticaily feymnastic Gymnastics, jim-rios' f ni* witl little clothing. He believed in the immortaiitV of tr.( aoul, ana its migrations from one body to another °'^nm“s^h'isi:”*-'‘"*'-“-^^’ " T'- 'h-e "“laked s^Ss”"""’*''”*’ dlh’rtng naked Gymnote, g. A naked person. ^ genuA* of Apodal ffshes, v^ith eel-shaped bodies, including cne electric eel Gynandria, je~nan'-dre-a, s. The twentieth class of plants in the Linna3an system of botaiij. whose stu- mens grow out of, or are united with the pistil Gyn ANDRIAN, » a In botany, having '^th^'p?s*ti7^’ je-uort -drus, ( stamens inserted in G^anthrope, jt^naii'-thrope, s. A hermaphrodite who exhibits more of the miUe than the female s^^x Gynarchy, ji7t -ar~ke, s. Government by a female Gynecian, je-ne[-se-a7i, a. llelating to women. Gynkcocracy , jin-e-kok'-rd-se, s. IVtticoat govern¬ ment , female power; government over wliicli a female may preside. jin-e-kol'-o-je, 8. The semnee whict treats of the nature and diseases of women. Gynecomania, jvi-e-kv-ma'-ne-d, s. An immoderaU love of wmuen , lustful prop'm.sity. OYNOPHORE,>jN'-o-/ore!, s. The ppund of the sulphates of magne*>ia and iion.—Hair-apUtUn^, mak¬ ing minute di8ti.nctions in reasoning.—JEfatr-u'«»rm a genus of fresh-water woims, resembling a long hair Hair cloth, hare'-klawth, s. Slujff or cloth made of hair, or in part with hall*. Haired, haird, a. Having hair. Uaje-grass, hare'-gras, s. The common name of grass aira, of which Uiere are many species. HAra-LACE, A fillet for tying up the hair of the head Hairlrss, hare'-tes, a, Destitute of hair; bald Hairiness, ha'-re-nes, s. The state of abounding or bemg covered with hair. ® Hairt, h^'-re, a. Overgrown or covered with hair consistmg of or resembling hair; of the nature of Habb, hake, 8. A kind of sea-fish, allied to the cod. v.n. lo sneak , to .iiter , to go about idly. Halberd, hal -herd, g. A military weapon, consisting of d pole or shaft of wood armed with a steel point. Halhebd-shaped, haV-berd-shaypt, a Having the shape of a halberd. me ^hafberd***^’ *■ One who is armed with a name anciently given to the ktng-fisher, otherwise called alcedo. ^ — a. Calm . auiet, peaceful, undisturbed , haoDV. H-alcvonian, a Halcyon, calm ^^impairS’ ^ entire; healthy; robust; not —t s. Welfare — v.a- To puU or d^w with force'; to haul. See Haul Haij, a , pi. Haltbj», haves One part of a thing which IS oincled into two equal parts , a moietv — v.a lo divide Into halves. -- ad In pan, or in an ejnaj part or degree. kafbltid, a. Kelatlon hot ween persons not ''f ootn a. Proceeding from a ’ blood, but of different oreeus , toaean, dagenerate. ^ ^red; ^ya^lt^ng in HALF-BHBB:q, haf’-breed, a. Half-blooded. Half-BBOTHBK, hdf-br^uh-er, s. A brother by jn^ parent, but not by both. Half -GAP, h'df'~k($p, g. A cap not wholly put ofif, Of: taintly moved. ^df'-kast, 8. In India, one Dom of a; Hmdoo parent on the one side, and of a Buroocau on. the ocher Half-cock, hdf'-kok, s. When the cock of a gun Is refined by the fiist notch, the gun is said to be af naif-rook. Half-dead, h'df'-ded, a, Almost dead; nearly ex hausted. Halfer, hdf'-er, s. One who possesses only half a male-' lailow-doer gilded Showing only part of the ■ Half-hatchkd, h^f’-hatcht, a. Imperfectly hatched. Half-hbaivd, hdf'-herd, a. ImpcrlQctly heard ; not’ heard to the end. i' , uu. f^df-hoi'-e-da, s. A half of a day given to children in schools for recreation. Half-lrakned, h'd/'-lernd, a. Impertectly learned. Half-lost, hdf' lost, a. Nearly lost- Half-mark. hdf-mark, s. A coin; a noble, or 68. 8d sterling. Ha^-moojj, hdf-moon, g. The moon at the quarters, when half its disk appears illuminated; anythingia the shape of a half moon.—In forti^catton, an outwork composed of twp faces, fornibig a salient angle, wlioaa gorge 18 in the form of a crescent, or half-moo 7 i Half-note, h'df'-note, s. In music, a minim , half a seuu-breve Half-part, hdf-part, a. An eiiuaj part. Half PAT, k'df'-pa, s Half tne amount of wages or salary, as an officer retires on half-pay It is reduced, but seldom litfirally half the amount ~ a. Receiving or entiTlcd to half pay, Halfpenvi, ha' pen ne, s., pi Halfpenkies, or Hxi CENCE. A copper eoin of the value of half a penny — a. Of till price or value of half a peuny Hai.ppeni.1 WORTH, ha'-pen-ne-wurtfi. S. The value oJ a halfpenjiy Haui-pihb M/' piU, s A short pUie carried by offl- cers, a short pike used in boai’ding ships Half-pwt, hdf'-pint, 8. The half of a pint or fourth of. a quart. a. Superficially informed by read*- Half-round, ^iif -rowjxd, a. A semicircular moulding; Half-schoiaAR, hdf -skol-ar, s. One imperfectly learned; W'-MM o'-ver A low expression de¬ noting half-drunk 8. In violtn playuig, a move of* on the instrument, to reach a highi HALF-iioHTED, hUf-$i-ted, a. Seeing imperfectlv having weak ditt'emment. ^ ^ ' Half-sister hdf-sis-ier, s. A sister by one parent, but- not by both. ' Haep-spherp, ha/’-t/etr, s. A hemisphere. Half-STARVED, hdf-stdrvd, a. Almost starved. Hai.p-strainbd, hdf-sirayud, a. Half bred , imperfect Half-sword, hdf-soard, s. Witiiin half the length of a sword, close fight. ® Half-way, hdf~wa, ad. In the middle; at half the- distance — a. Equally distal from the extremes. *■ ^ foolish pci-son ; a dolt - a blockhead. * hdf-w%t-ted, a. Weak in iiitelleet; sillv • foolish .oxAijr,, Halp yearev, haf^vrr-U. a. Two in a year-; semi- annual * — ad Twice in a year; semi-annually. Hallbut, An/' t-biit 8. A larjfe flat-fish, whose flesh "^bite and hard, and much esteemed fur *-Aere, s. The Dudong, a arenus ol' hertivorous entacaans, “ genus oi Malidou4- hal' e-ilom, s. Adjuration by what is holy ^lowT^' 8- The feast of AJJ-SouJ* , Hal- HAUoaRAPHEB hal-e-og'-r/i-fer, 8. One who writes a description of the »ea. wttits a s. A description of the HAUOTID.B, hcil-c at'-e-de, s. A. family of Gasteropodoua HALITUOUS [ 4G7 ] HAOT) AVloUiigca. of which the Haliotis^ or Ear-shell, is the type. HALTTi oDg^ a. Lllte hreath ; vaporous. •Hai-l, kawl, g In archilierture, a large room at the ontraaee of a house or palace , an edifice in which courts of justice are held, a manor house, s^/ called becaT»se courts were formerly held in them , a college, or large edifice belonging to a collegiate institution; a .room for acorporation or publir assemhly , a collegiate body In the universities of Oxford and Cambridge. HA.i-LA a mill worked by the hand.— Hand-ra%l,a.vKi\ sn:, ported by balusters, &c.—Tfa 7 id- sails managed y the hand.— Hand-saw, a saw to be used with the hand.— Hand-screw, an engine for raising heavy timbers or weights.—TTand-vice, a small ^ce used by the hsind.—Haiid weapoyt., any weapon to be wielded by the hand.— Hand-winged, a term in natural history appUed to the family of bats.—fifrmd- work, work done by the hands. Hand, v.a. To give or transmit with the hand , to lead, guide, and lift with the hand, to conduct; to manage, to_seize.—In seamanship, to furl; to wrap or roll a sail close to the yard, stay, or mast, and fasten it with ga^ikets. —To hand down, to transmit in succession. Han DC ha.pt, hand'-kraft, s. Manual occupation. See ilANDiCRAFT and Handicraftsman. Handcuff, hayid'-kuf, s. An iron manacle for the w'nsts. — v.a. To manacle the hands. Handed, pp. Given or transmitted by hand, a* w ith hands joined.— Right-hayided, most dextrous with the nght hand.— Left-handed, most expert with the left hand. IlANDFAST,t hand'-fast, s. Hold, custody; power of confining or keeping. — a. Fast by contract; betrothed by joining hands. ? v.a. To pledge; to betroth by joining hands, as customary in SctJtland. Ii.ANi)FASTiNG,t hand' fast-tng, s, by joining hands. Handful, hnyid'fid s. As much or contain , a small quantity. Handgrif? hand'-gripi , g. A gripe or seizure and pressure with the hand. Handicap, han'-de-kap A kind of race. Handicraft, hanx'-de-kraft, s. Manual occupation; work performed by the hand. Handicraktsmah, han' de kraHs-man, s. A man skilled or employed in manual occupiition. Handily, han-de-le, ad. ‘With dexterity or skill; adroitly. ’ A kind of betrothing 3 the hand will grasp HANTDiyEss, han'-de-nes, g. Tift ftase of performonce denred from practice; dexterity Handiwork, han'-de-icurk, s. Product of manuaJ labour; manufacture. Handkerchief^ hang'-ker tchif, g. A piece of cloth, usually silk, linen, or cotton, used for wiping the fac9 or hands, nr for wearing about the neck. Handle, han'dl, v.a. To touch, to feel, or hold witp the hand; to discourse on; to discuss; to use wei or ill. ^ vessel or instrument which , held m the hand when used; that of which use il made. Handled, haji'dld, pp. of the verb to handle. Handless, hand'-les, a. Without a hand. Handling, han'dlmg, s. A touching or use by the hand ; a treating in discussion. Handmaid, hayid'-made, » s. A maid that waits at Handmaiden, hand; a female servant or attendant. Handsel, hayi'-sel, s. The first act of using anythine : the first sale. « / & » — v.a To use or do anything the first time. Handsome, hayi'-suyyi, a. Moderately beautiful, as the person or other thing ; well made ; ha\Tng symnietrr* of parts; well formed , pretty , L^raceful in mannei* marked with propriety and ease; ample, neat elegant; liberal; generous; $ ready Handsomely, hayi'-sum-le, ad. Gracefilhly, with pro¬ priety and ease; generously; liberally ; ± with skill dextrously. Handsomeness, han'-sum-yies, s. A moderate degree of beauty or elegance; gracefulness; ease and proDrietv m manner. Handspike, hand’-spike, s. A wooden bar, used with the hand as a lever for various mechanical purposes. Handstafp, s. A javelin. Handstroke, hand'-stroke, s. A blow or stroke given ' by the hand. ' Handwriting, hand'-ri-ting, g. The cast or form of writing peculiar to each hand or person ; any writing. Handy, han'-de, a. Dextrous; ready, adroit; ready to hand, convenient. Handy-dandy, han'-de-dan'-de, s. A ilivenile game in which children change hands and places. Hang, hayig, v.a., pret. and pp Hanged or Hung. To suspend; to fasten to some fixed object above in such a manne as to swing or move; to put to death by sus¬ pending by the neck , to cover or furnish by anythino- suspended or fastened to the walla—To hamg out to suspend in open view ; to displaf. To hang down, to let fall below the proper situation.—7b hang up, to place > hai^ He., a hold , brave , daruiff resolute - in- to^fe assurance; inured ~ 8, An iron-smith's tool. Hare, hare, a. A qiMulruped of the genus leptis with long ears, a short tail, soft hair, and a divitei uppe? frighten™’ ^ Timorous; easUy ^hareT 8- A hoimd for hunting HARE-uorTER, hare’-hun-ter, s. One who hunts hares ^areT™’’’'"'’ s. The hZdnrof o“f'a ■&“' the Up, a- Having a harelip. Harem,/K f reni, 6 The division allotted to females In the larger dAvelling-houses of the East ““"ttes in nA remint, We'-mAMt, 8. A plant ^hei^inr”^"' a. Shaped like a H ARr.'7 ’R'''"i,' ^ for catching hares. *■ ^ P'^ttit of !he genus Harewiirt, hare'-wnrt.s. A plant. and™Ii;ts':’th" Ul’dnev'S.L'^ Harier, W-e-er, 8. See Harrier. s*om"h47in"r 8- Prognostication , Harish Au'-WsA, a. Like a hare. Hark, hark, v.n. To listen , to lend the ear “me;.’to^u“r;u’‘bstS'e'e.”'''"''"^ - ^partLcoloured'ctethe*”’ n *■ ’’"fPon. dressed in populace P'othes, who plays tricks to divert the Har?eq *’/ ludicrous tricks. leqiuSr ■ ^ -'■<’-hwtn-ade, s. Exhibitions of har- Harlock har'-tok, s. A plant. fo“r“te “^common JPttan who prostitutes her body — a, WMton , lewd , low ; base. V-H- To practise lewdness. "wSeSi.*' ■ '^'‘“'tge; moral wrong; soundness oVbody*” iniure; to damage; to impair “tecerio7o/ ^‘a MeT''"""’ *■ dry wind from the Anfblm&c eoiTesponding to the simoom of Harmed, Wrmd, np. of the verb to harm Harm*!., ha^-attf. s. The wild African me »■ Hurtful; injurious; mlschie- ^recel'-^^.Wge VinjSj ;‘'^/^"tVofS^I ’ “teurcrrM™’'-'^’-''^- IP^«PPt%Tw?ihout *• quaUty df being ihj oxiout, innocence. ^ Harmonic, W TOO,,'.a, la. Bclatiiig to hannonv chom ^chnm r"'" ‘*><1 common Chord, or i hord of a note with it* third and fifth in w’hi^* rnr;'""8ical instrument, theert^oV^ ''y friction against Cnc of a senes of heraispherii al glasses K.4RMON!. Au ■» , har mon' e-knlHe, ad MusicaUv *^»mam''M ■ H ''”i *' Harmonious sounds i con- ^ doctrine or science of musical sounds evm m.i^Jcr""'" 'cu'.-""“ds which aocompanj ever> pi rff ct » onsonance of tMUj aounus ^ HARMONtors, Anr wo -ne-us, a Adapted to eaeJi other 7ea;clnJ7rtenrhi;’'''"'’*' »y”P‘“niou, living in cordance of sounds ; musically ; in peace and friend- IIarmoniousness, har-mo’-ne-vs-nes, s. Proportion and adaptation of parts ; musicalness; agreement; con“ 8. A musical instm- ’'py® Hke a pianoforte. miSte liie Amuweian; a composer of mu«ic , one who brings together corresponding nas- 1, fern Jrf’pr T if^reenrent.-The H,^,noni,fs were ^Tween fS Harmonize, har ' fno - mze , v.n. To be in concord • m ^agree to sounds, to be in peace and friendship. tomake mSl“ P™Pd'-H™8 ; to cause to agree , Harmonizer, har'-mo-ni-zer, s. One who hrino* monist'' '■“"’'cHes.-ln music, a practical haf Hahmonizino, har’-mu-ni-zmg, a fleing in accord ance . bringing to an agreement HAH.MONOMETEB, Mir-mo-oom' c-tcr . 8 An instniriienl touIX." 'he harmonr,. n.hVih:n”," “nfee “ The just ndaprati..,, „i parti to eac h other, m any system „r eoiim,,!,iti,.ii ,.f rhiii .,: intended to form a connected whole, ju.si piopi.nion of sound consonance , iiiu.sieal coiicird^—in r consists of the common chord.- COT^ harmony is a mixture of concords and dis “stoL“™?^aur1^itr'"’"“’ cross Harness, hdr'-nes, s. Armour, the wlioie accoutre ments or equipments of a knight or liorseinan ■ the furniture of a draught-horse. o iseimin , me v.a. To equip with armour for war, to out on the furniture o# a horse for draught; to defend^ Harness-Cask, har'~iies-knsk, s. A cask or hlwh tii>» wito a lid guarded by a rim, usefl on tiato ihto to keeping salted meats ready at hand for dally use,** .ARNBss-cuRRiER, hUr'-ues-kur' re-er s. ^rptuaf ~ — t, —g, ARxv.pxkk leauy ai nano lor ^cir'-nes-Aw/-'re-cr, s, a' tresser of leather for harness and saddlery purposes detent: PP- Equipped with armour; “ne^“f?hortr"“'‘''’'’ “• P"*® ™ ‘he bar- “m's^lfls^tomakelwuer"'-"^’'’ One whose busi- Harns, Aiimz, s.pl. Krains. ktod ?■ • inatnumentof music of the stringed kind, of a triangular figure, held upright and eom” raonly touched with the fingers. affect.'*'" hu'ell on teuinusly, to Harpaoenes, hdr-paj'-e-nes, s.pl In antiouttv fror hooks used in ships for naval warfare ' Harper, hdrp'-er.s A player on the harp Harping, harp -zng, pnr or a Playing on the hacr, ‘i"hE>ng on . ontinually, pertaining to the harp ^ ~ape A continual dwelling on.—In ships, the Spinas ship* ‘one-parts which encompass the bow^f?' Harpino-iron harp'-ing-i'-urn, s A harpoon. I^RPiST, har^-tst, 8. A harper musical instrument. for SrwhS®' ' Aspearor javelin, used - v.a. To strike, catch, or kill with a harpoon. HAEPOONER [ 471 ] HATCHET-FACE tlAnr-oONKa, \ 6. One who uses tlA-RFONEBR, hdr po-neer*^ f poon; tlreman inawha e- boat who thi'ows the harpoon. Harpsichoro, hdri/se-kaun-d, 8. Aa music with string of wire, playeu by the aiigers, D} ^dr'Jye, a. In antiquity, a fabulo\^ monster.— [n ornithology, tJie lar^^t ot the eaf'le tribe, inhabiting Mexico and Brazil.—rapacious or ravenous animai; an extoi'tioncr; a plunderer. llAB-acriiEoaE. h'dr' kwe-bune. See A-RueEBi sE. Harr hnr, s, A storm at sea , a tempest. eager. Harratken, hm-'-ra-ieen, s. A kind of stuit 01 clotn. HAiiRioo, Anr'-e-fco. Sec Haricot. Harr’oak har'-re-dan, s. A decayed strumpet. Harrieo, /lar'-rid, pp. of the verb to harry. Harrier, har'-re-er, s. A kind of hound foi hunting Harrow , hnr'-ro, s. An agricultural implement formed of pieces of timber sometimes crossing each oilier, and set ivith iron or wooden teeth ; % an exclamation of sudden distress. .. „ — v.a. To draw a harrow over, for the purpi^ ot breaking olo^ and levelling tlie sui’face ; to break or tear with a haxrov,-.— Figuratively, to lacerate or torment; ito lay waste by violence; to agitate. H-arrowed, har'-roed, pp. or a. Broken or smoothed by a harrow. ^ x, x. ^ IIarrower, har'-row-er, s. One who hari’ows, a liawk. „ 1 • _ _ Harrow iNo, har'-roio-ing, ppr. or a. Breakino oi levelling with a harrow ; tormenting; lacerating. - s. The act or process of using a haiTOW. Harry, hay-re,, v.a. To strip; to pillage; to harass; to agitate til aisitfitc. - v.n. To make a predatory incursion. Harsbla, hUr-se'-ta, s. A name someumes given to the Turkish oke.i-ather less than three pounds weight. IlARSB, harsh, a. Hough to the touch or taste; rugged grating . discordant , austere , peevish ; rigorous , severe. ilARSHLY, kdrsh'-le, ad. Roughly , in a harsh manner ; austerely . rudely; unpleasant^. ^ ^ . Harshwbss, harsh'-nes, s. Rougnness to the touch oi ear; moroseness; peevishness. Harslet, kdrs'-let, Is. Tlie heart, liver, hghts, &c., Haslet, has'-let, j of a hog. ^ , t Hart, hart, s. A stag or male deer, an animal of the cervine genus. , . , Hartall, h(irf-aU,8. Sulphuret of arsenic used as a yellow paint. . ^ ^ , Hartbbest, hdry-beest, s. A species of the antelope in South Africa Hartroyal, ^ori'-roy-o^ s. A plant. » ., , ^ Hartshorn, harts'-hatcrn, s. The lioni of the hart oi male deer Salt of hartshorn, or volatile salts, an impure solid carbonate of ammonia, obtained by distilling hartshorn or other bone —Spirit of harU- koi-ji an Impure solution of carbonate of ammonia, used in medicine.—H«r«s/iorn plantain, an annual species of plantain. K.crt’s-tokqce, harts'-tung, 9. A common British fern. ^ II artavort, hdrt'-wurt, s. The name of certam umbelli¬ ferous plants. , ,,r.,. • • Harim-sc AB.rM, ha'-rum-sha'-rum, a. wild; precipi¬ tate , rash , giddy, i CoUoq.j Hau' sPi' E nd ru^-pice, s. In Roman history, a person who pretended to fiiretcU future events by inspecting the entrails of beasts Harvest h-Hy-vest. s. The season of reaping and gathering in crops , the ripe corn or gram collected ; the product of labour —In Scripture, the proper season for business.— Ilarvest-hug. the insect Aoarus autumnalts.-Harvest fly, a name appUed to several large inMn-ts* of the Cicada Harvest -home, the time of \\sk.ry*'Bt-— Harvest-lord, the head reaper at the h&ryrsXi — Harvest-man, a iabourer in harvest.— liarvest-nw&n, the moon near the full, about the time of the autumnal equinox. when it rises nearly at the same hour for sevei*al dAX^. — Harveot-inouse, a very ginail European 8pe<-ies of field-mouse, which builds its nest on the stems of wheat or ottier plants.— Harvest -queen, an ima.ge represtmting Ceres, formerly carried about on the last day of harvest. — v.a. To reap or gather ripe com and othin* fruits. Harvested, My-ves-ted. pp. or a. Heaped and col¬ lected, as ripe com and other fruits. Harvester, huy vest-er 8. A reaper; a labonier Is gathering grain . . ^ TTAR VESTniQ. hdr'-veS'ting, s. Act of collecting \htf harvest Has has. The third person singular of the verb/iot>6 Hass, haze, v.a. To urge , drive, harass. See Haze. Hash, hash, v.a. To chop into small pieces; to mince _JHneed meat, or a dish of meat and vegetables chopped into small pieces and mixed. Hashed, hasist, pp. or a. Cut up mto small pieces, as meat. , , ^ HASR.t hask, s. A case made of rushes or nags. Haslet, s. Set* Harslet. Hasp hasp, s. A clasp that passes over a staple to be fasH-ned by a padlock, a spindle to wmd thread or silk on. ^ ^ -.a u Hasp, hasp, v.a. To shut or fasten with a hi^p. Kassack, has'-sak, s. The provmcial name for Kenush ragstone. , Hastock, had-sok, 8. A thick mat or bass on which persons kneel in church. Hast,A«s«. The second person singular of Aore. Hastate, Aos'-tn(<.‘, I a. In botany, spear-shaped, Hastated, has'-ta-ted, I resembling the head of a halberd. . a • » Haste, hayst, a. Celerity of motion; speed; quickness, sudden excitement of passion ; state of being pressca by business. - , . Haste, hay si, I v.a. To press; to drive or i^ge Hasten hayst'n ,' forYvard ; to push on to expedite. — v.n. To move with celerity . to be rapid in motion Hastened, hayst'nd, pp. of the verb to hasten. ILastehilk, hayst'ner,a. One who urges forward. Hastily hays'-te-le, ad. In haste, wuth speed or quickness ,'speedily ; iitmbly , precipitately; under sudden excitement of passion. Habtine.ss, hays' te-nes, s. Speed , celerity in motiop or action . rashness, heedless eagerness. precipita¬ tion , in-itabilit.v , susi^eptihility of anger Hastino-pear, hayst'-itiy-pare, s An early pear. Hastings, hayst'-ings. s pI Peas chat come early. Hastive, hays’-tiv, a Forward , early. as fnut. Hasty, Quick : speedy, eager, precipitate, easily excited to wrath Hasty-pdddtng , -te-pnd'-ding, s. Apuddiiig made of the meal of maize moistened with water and boiled, or of milk and flour boiled. Hat, hat, a. A covering for the head ; the dignity of a cardinal. ^ ^ . That may be hated , odious. . A baud round the croYvn of a A hos for a hat; a band-box Ratable, ha'-td-bl, a. Hat-band, hat'-band, hat. Hat-box, hat'-boks, \ Hat-case, hat'-kase, ) Hat-brush, hat'-hrush, s. A soft bimsh for hats. Hatch. fta^cA, v.a. To produce youna from eggs by in cubation, or by artificial heat. to contrive or plot, to form by meditation, to cross Yviih lines in drawing and engraving in a peculiar manner, called hatching ± to steep. —v.n. To produce young ; to bring the young to ma¬ turity . . j * — s. A brood; as many chickens as are produced at once . the act of exclusion from the eggy the open¬ ing in a ship's deck, or the passage from one deck to another, a Wlf-cloor , a flood-gate.—Ha^c;ie6. pi., tlie coverings placed over the hatchways, openings in mines.—To be under the. hatches, to be confined below ; to be in disn'ess, depression, or slavery Hatch boat, hutch'-bote', s. A kind of half-decUed fisii ing-b«»at , one Yvhich has a well for keeping fish Hatchel, hatch' -el, s. An iustrumeiiT fonned with long iron leetn set in a board, for cleaning flax or hemp — va To dravv’flax or hemp through the teeth of a hatchel, for separating the coarse part and broken pieces of the stalk from the fine fibrous parts, to tease or vex, by sarcasms or rtqiroaches. Hatcuellbu, hatch'-dd, pp. or a. Cleansed by a hat chcl, combed. • , x. • i Hatciiblleti, hatch'-el-er, s. One who uses a hauuiCl, Hatcher, hatch'-er, s. One who hatches, or contrives a Hatchet hatch'-et , 8. A small axe with a short handle —To take up the hatchet is to make war.-Jo bury the hatchet is to make peace. H.atcuht-face, hatdi'-et-fase, s. A shai’p, promiren' face like the edge of a hatt'net HATCHETINE HAWOIOTH [ 472 ] '■t-ahaypt, a. Having the shape I{atchbtit»b, hatch' e'teen ^ A very soft yellowish 'shite or greenish mineral oi ciouth Wales; mountain lallow, Hatc HET-8HAPE.O, hatch' or a hatchet. Hatchino, hatch'-ing, s. The production of young from eggs; mode of execution in engraving, dra\y- mg, and miniaruxe painting, in which the effect is produced by courses of lines crossing each other at an angle more or less acute. Hatchmen'i , jtd*- h'-ment, s. An armorial escutcheon of a d(“ceased indiviaual, ijiaced in front of the house, on a hearee at funerals, or in a church. Hatchway, hatch'-wa, s. In ships, a square or oblong opening in the deck, affording a passaire from one deck to another, there being the fore-haichimy, the after-hatchway, and the main-ha chway Hate, hate., v.a. To dislike greatly ; to have a great aversion to.— Tn Scripture, it signifies to love less. — s. Great dislike or aversion, hatred. Hated, \a'-ted, pp. ora. G-reatly disliked. Hatefiu , hate'-ful, a. Exciting great dislike, aversion, or disgust; tliat feels hatred; odious; detestable. Hatefclly, hate'-fiil-le, ad. Odiously; with great dis¬ like . malignantly. Hatefulness, hate'-ful-nes,8. Odiousness: the quality of being hateful Hater, ha'-ter, s. One who hates. Hatred, ha'-tred, s. Great dislike or aversion; ill-will, enmity, or animosity. Hatted, hat'-ted, a. Covered with a hat; wearing a hat, Hattemists, hat'-te-mists, s.pl. A religious sect of the seventeenth century, who derived their origin from Pontian Van Hattem, a minister in the province of Zealand Hatter, haV-ter, s. A maker of hats. Hatti-sheriff, hat'-te-sher'-if, s. An iiTevocable order, which comes immediately from the grand seignior, Hattle, a Wild; skittish. Hattock ,$ haf-tuk, s. A shock of com. Hacberk.J haw'-berk, s. A coat of mail without sleeves. Haugh, haw, 8. A little, low meadow. Haught 4 hatct,di. High; elevated; proud; insolent. Hacghtilt, haw'-te^le, ad- Proudly; arrogantly; with contempt or disdjiin. Hacohtiness, haw'-te-nea, s. The quality of being haughty . pride mingled with contempt; arrogance. Haughty, a. Proud and disdainful; lofty and arrogant; supercilious, pride mingled with contempt; $ lofty . bold; of high hazard. Haul, hawl, v.a. (sometimes written Hale). To pull or draw with force , to drag; to compel to go.—To haul the wind, in senma^iship, is to turn the head of the ship nearer to the point from which the wind blows. — 8. A DuUmg with force ; a violent pull; draught of a net. Haulage, hawi'~(ye, s. The act of hauling ; charge for hauling. Hauled, hawld, pp. of the verb to haul. Hauler, hawl'-er, s. One who pulls or hauls. Haitlm, I { s. The stem or stalk of grain of all Haum, ) * ( kinds, or of peas, beans, hops, &c. ; straw . the dry stalks of corn, &c., in general. Haunch, hannsh, s. The hip, that part of the body wliich lies between the last ribs and the thigh; the rear, Che hind part. Haunched, haunshd, pp. or a. Having haunches. Haunt, haunt, v.a To frequent, to resort to ; to visit customarily , to trouble witli frequent visits, applied to the presumed visits of imaginary spectres. — v.n. Tt) be much about; to visit or be present often. — 8. A place to which one frequently resorts, tthe habit or custom of resorting to a place; custom; practice. Kauntsd, haunt M, pp. or a. Frequently visited or ivsnried to, especially by apparitious; troubled by frequent visits. Haunter, nannt'-er, s. One who frequents a particular place, or ts often about it. Hauria-nt, haiv'-re-nni, a In heraldry, an epithet ! applied to fishes when represented in a perpendicular position, as if sucking in the air. IIausm annite, haws'-man-ite, s. An ore of manganese, having a brownish-black colour. HAU8T,t hmost, 8. A dry ooagh. (Zocal.) Ha Haustellate, haws'-tel-urte, a. In entomology, pro Yuded with a suctorial oral apparatus. Haustellum, haivs-tel'-lum. s. The suctorial organ oi certain insects. Hautboy, ha'-boy, s. A wind instrument, somewhat resembling a flute ; a sort of strawberry. Hauteur, ho-ture', 8. (F") Pnde ; haughtiness; haughty manner or spirit. Haut Gout, ho goo', s. (Fr.) High relish oi taste; high seasoning. Hauyne, how'-in, s A blue mineral, found in volcanic rocks, and named from the French mineralogis’ Haiiy. AVE, hav, v.aux.; pret. and pp. Had. To possess, to hold in possession or power; to marry , to take fora wife or husband.— rather denotes wish or pre¬ ference.— To have after, to pursue.—2’o/latc a/uay, to remove; to take away.— To have at, to encounter; to a-ssaiJ. to.enter into competition with , to make trial with.— Have with yoxt, is have me with you.—To have •tij to contain.— To have on, to Yvear; to caiTy, as raiment or weapons.— To have out, to cause to depart —To have a care, to take care.—To have pleasure, to on^oy.—To have pain, to snSQr.—To have sorrow, to be grieved.—He would have, he requires.— He should have, he ought to have. HavelesSj^ hav’-les, a. Having little or nothing. Haven, ha'vn, s. A harbour ; a port, a bay, recess, or inlet of the sea; a stlition for ships; a shelter; an a-sylum ; a place of safety. Havener, i ha'vner, s. The overseer of a port; a har¬ bour-master. Haver,+ hav'-er, s. One who has or possesses; a pos- scMor; a holder. Haversacx, ha.v'-er-sak, s. A soldier’s knapsack. Havildar, haiZ-il-dar, s. A non-coimnissioned officer iunong the Sepoys in India. Having, havf-ing, s. Possession; goods ; estate ; the act or state of possessing. Haviodr4 have^-yur, s. Conduct, manners, behaviour. Havoc, haxf-uk, s. Waste; devastation, wide and general destruction. — v.a. To lay waste; to destroy. — exclam. For/n rly, a terra of incitement in hunt¬ ing, but afterward a war-cry, and the signal for indis¬ criminate slaughter. Haw, haw, s. The berry and seed of the bavirthorn ; a small piece of ground adjoining a house, a small field.—In farriery, an excrescence resembling a gristle, growing under the nether eye-lid and eye of a horse a hesitation or intei mission of speech. — v.n. To stop in speaking with a haw, or to speak with interruption and hesitation. B-A-syTiKcn, haw'-Jinsh, s. A bird; a European species of grossbeak Ha\y HAW, hato-hauf, or Ha-ha, s. A fence or bank that interrupts an alley or walk, sunk between slopes, and not perceived till approached. Hawing, hau/-ing, ppr. or s. Speaking witn a haw, or with hesitation. Hasvk, hawk, s. A name common to many species of birds of prey, allied to the falcons and eagles.—An effort to force up phlegm from the throat, accom¬ panied with noise. — v.n. To catch or attempt to catch birds by means of hawks trained for the purpose ; to practise falconry ; to fly at; to attack on the wing ; to make an effoi t to force up phlegm with noise. — v.a. To cry; to offer for sale by outcry in the street, or to sell by outcry. Hayvk-bell, hawk'-oel, s. A bell on the foot of a haYvk. Haytke, hawk, 6. Among plasterers, a small board, Yvith a handle beneath, for holding mortar. Hayvked, hawkt, a. Crooked; curving, like a hawk’s bill. Hayvkbr, hau/-ker, s. One who offers goods for sale by outcry in the street; a pedlar ; a falconer. H.ywkey, hawk'-e, s. A game played by several boys on each side with a ball anil sticks called hawfeeu hats. Hayvk-byed,' hawk'-ide ceming Hawk -HEADED, hawk'-hed-ed, a. Having a head like that of a hawk. Hawking, hawie-ing, s. The exercise of takii^ wild fowls, by means of haYvks; making an e^rt to discharge phlegm; offering for sale in the street by outcry. Hayvkmoth, haw}f-moth, s. A very large mnth of Having a keen eye; dis HAWK-NOSED [ 473 ] HEAD-SAIL tjuttertty, which mores Crom flower to flower with i j^reat rapidity and a humming sound. | Hawk-nosed, hawl^-noze'd, a. Having an aquiline [ nose ^ i Hawk-ndt, hawk'-nxUy 6. One of the names of the | Earth-nut. . Hawmwekd, haxvk'-'Weedy s. A name of manjr species of herbs, principally belonging to the genus hieracium. Hawse, Aawjs, 8. The situation of the cables before a vessel’s stem, when moored with two anchors from the bows. HAwsE-noLE, hawz'-kole^ 8. A crlindric hole in the bow of a ship, through which a cable passes. Hawse piece, havxz'-peese, s. One of the foremost timbers of a ship, through which the hawse-hole is cut. . Hawser, haiv’-zer, s. A small cable; or a large rope, in size between a cable and a tow-line. Hawthorn, haio'-thaivrn, s. A shrub or tree which bears the haw i the white-thorn, much used for hedges. Hawthorn-fly, haw'-thawrn-fii, s. An insect so called. Hay, /ia, s. Grass cut and dried for fodder; a net which incloses the haunt of an animal; hedge. — v a. To dry or cure grass for preservation; to lay snares for rabbits Hay-bote, ha'-boti^ 8. In English laiOf an allow¬ ance of wood to a tenant for repairing hedges or fences. Haycock, ha'-kok, s. A conical pile or heap of hay, m the field. Hay-cutter, h*MA», Wtf'-fTum.s. One who cots off heads; an exerutioaer. HaAi» •TRina, he*eldy pp. of the verb to heal. IIealbr, he'-ler, s. He or that which cures, or restores to soundness. IIeaijno. he'-lingy ppr. Curing; rcstfjring to a sound state. — a. Tending to cure; mollifying. — 8 The act or process by wiiich a cure is effected. IIealinolt, he'-i%ng~le, ad. In a healing manner. liEALEANtt.j herl'-fang, j s. Tlie ancient punishment of HBAwrAno,^ heeli'-fang, J> the pillory ; a pecuniary Hal«fans4 halt'-fang, ) punishment or mulct. Dealth, helth, 8. In the animal economyy a right dispo¬ sition of the body and all its parts; when the animal feels no pain or discomfort.—Sound state of the mind; natural vigour of faculties ; salvation or divine favour Healthful, helth'-fnly a. Being in a sound state ; free from disease; wholesome; salubrious. Hkalthfully, helih'-ftU-ley ad. In health; whole¬ somely. Health rc LNEsa,s. State of being well; wholesonieness; salubrity. Healthi LY, h*lih'-e-le, a. Without disease. Healthinbss,/ le/fA'-e-uM, 8. State of health; freedom from disease. Uealthless, heUh'-leSy a.. Infirm; sickly; tnot con¬ ducive to health. llEALTHLBesNBss, hclth'-Us-iicSy s. State of being lioaltJiless. 1Iealth8ojib,+ kelth'-sunxy a. Wliolcsome. Healthy, a. Being in a sound state; enjoying health ; vigorous ; salubrious. Heah, hoem, s. In beasts, the same as after-birth in women. 8. A pile or mass; a coUeclion of things laid in a body so as to form an elevation ; a crowd ; a cluster, a mass of ruins. — v.a. To throw or lay in a heap; to pile; to accumu¬ late. Hbaped, heepty pp. of the verb to heap. Hkaprr, he^-oTy s. One who hea^, piles, or amasses. Hbaplt,/ iM/j'-fr, ad. In heaps , without order. Hkapt, heep'-e, a Lying in h. aps. Hear, hen-, v.a.. pret. and pp. Hbaud. To perceive by the oar, to attend, to listen; to obey ; to attend favourably; to regard; to grant an answer to prayer. — v.n. To enjoy the sense or faculty of perceiving sound , to listen. to attend, to receive by report. Heard, herd, pret. and pp. of Hear. Perceived by the car. Kearer, heer'-ery s. One who hears ; one who attends to what is orally delivered by another; an auditor. Hearino^ heer'-ing, s. The faculty or sense by which sound IS perceived; attention to what is delivered; <^porrunity to be heard; judicial trial; aot of per ceiving sounds , sensation or perception of sound. Hbar&bb, hdrk'ny v.n. To listen , to attend to what ll uttered with eagura^es or curiosity — v.a. To hear by listcnbig. Hbarkhwbr, hiirk'n^r, s. A listener; one who bearkezis HrabaaT, 8. Report: mznour; common talk. It is used an an ae\o-g^& hyheSiyQTi.—Heaven-protected, protected by divine power.— Heaven-suluting, touch¬ ing the sky. — Heaven-warring, vv'arring against heaven. Heaven iZE,i' hei/n-ize, v.a. To render like heaven. Heavenlinbss, he7/n-le-nes, s Supreme excellence. Heavenly, a. Pertaining to heaven, celestial; godlike , resembling heaven ; supremely excellent; inhabiting heaven. ^ , .... — ad In a manner resembling that of heaven ; by the influence or agency of heaven. rr - a. Heavenly-minded, hev'n-le-mindt-ed, a. Having the affections placed on heaven. Heavenli -minoeuness, ht'v'n-ie-7ni7idel-ed-nes, s. Ihe state of having the affections placed on heavenly things. Heavenward, hev’n-wawrd, ad. Toward heaven. Heaver, he'-ver, s. One who heaves or lifts.—Among seowien. a staff for a lever. ... Heavers, he'-vers, s. A class of men employed about docks, taking goods from barges and flats. Heaves, heevz, s. A disea.se of horses, characterised by difflcidt and laborious respiration. Heavily, hev'-e-le, ad. With great weight; grievously; afflictively , with difficulty. Heaviness, heiZ-e-nes, s. Weight; gravity ; the quality of being heavy; sadness; sorrow; dejection of mmd; sluggishness; dulne.ss of spirit . oppression; that which creates labour and difficulty , thickness. He.yving, he'-vutg, ppr. or a. Lifting ; swelluig ; mak¬ ing an effort to vomit. — s. A rising or swell; a panting. Hbavisomb, hev'-e-sxwi, a. Dark ; drowsy. {Locai.) Heavy, heiZ-e, a. Weighty ; ponderous j having great weight; soiTOwful; depressed in mind; huTden- 6ome ; oppressive ; wanting life and animation; drowsy ; indolent; thick ; dense ; black. - ad. With great weight. A word much used in com¬ position ; as heavy-browed, having heavy brows; heavy-handed, clumsy, not active or dextrous ; fieavg- headed, having a heavy or duU head ; heavy-laden, laden with a heavy burden. . Heavy-spar,/ lev'-c-spar, s. A heavy, sparry mineral, consisting of baryta and sulphuric acid. Heazy, a. Hoarse ; wheezing. {Local) Hkbber-man, heb'-bf-r-man, 8. In commerce, one who fishes below water for wliitiugs, smelts, &c., com¬ monly at ebbing tide. • . ^ Hebdomad^ heb'-do-nuid, s. A week ; a period of seven Hebdomadal, Weekly, coi^st- Hebpom f p *»v , heb-do-ot'-d-dd-re, j mg of seven day’s, or occurring every seven days. IIebdohadauy , keb-dom'-d-dd-n, s. A ,member of s HEBDOMATIOAL [ m ] HEIE Chanter or conyent, who8<» week It is to officiate in me choir. Hkbdomaticai., hib-do-maf -e-kal, a. Weekly Hsbf, he'-be, s. In OreM mythology, the poddees of youth and beauty.—In astronomyj an asteroid dis- covereo by Hencke in 1847 Hbqbm ,t heS'-en, 8. Ebony. Hebetat*. kMt/-e~tate, j .dk. To dull; to blunt; to stu¬ pefy Hbbktation, heb~e-t4f'thunji. The actof making blunt, dull, or stupid, the state of being dulled. IIfbkte,^ ht-pefe^, a. Dull; stupid. Hebetude, ■e-ttide,6. Dulncss ; stupidity. Hebraic, he-bra'-ik, a. Pertaining to the Hebrews; de¬ signating the language of the Hebrews. Hebr^icallt, he-hra'-e-kal-Uy ad. After the manner of the Hebrew language. Hebraism, het/-rd-izm, 8. A Hebrew idiom. Hebraist, Is. One versed in the Hebrew Hebrician, he-brish' an, ) language. H sBRAisTic, a. Pertaining to or resem- oling Hebrew Hebraize, heb'-ra-ize, v.a. To convert into the He¬ brew idiom ; to make Hebrew. — v.n To speak Hebrew, or to conform to the He¬ brews. Hebrew, AF'-6reM», s. One of the descendants of Eber, or Heber; an Israelite ; a Jew; the Hebrew lan¬ guage. — a. Pertaining to the Hebrews. Hebrewess, he'-hreio-es, s. An Israolitish woman. Hebridian, he-brid'-e~an, a. Pertaining to the Heb¬ rides. He( atomb, hef^-h-toom, s. In antiquity, a sacrifice of a hundred oxen or beasts. Heck., hek, s. An engine or instrument for catching fish ; a rack for holding fodder for cattle {local) ; a bend in a stream ; a hatch or latch of a door. Heckle, hel^l, v a. See Hackle. Heckling, hek'-ling, g. A rough process of combing flax with a heckle. Hb('tare, /leik'-iatrg, 8. A French measure containing a hundred ares, or nearly 2^ English acres. Hectic, hek’-tik, 1 a. Pertaining to hectic; affected Hectical, hek'-te-kal, j with hectic fevers. Heetic, hek^-tik, s. An exacerbating and remittent fever. HecticA iiLi, hekf-te-kal~le, ad. Constitutionally. Hectogram, 1 f s. A French weight Hectogramme,) ( containing a hun¬ dred grammes, or about SJ ozs. avoirdupois. Hectolitre, hek'-to-le-tr, s. A French measure of capacity, containing a hundred litres, nearly 26^ gallons of wine measure. Hectometer, | hek-tom'-e-ter, (s. A French measure. Hectometre, • hek'-to-me-tr, j equal to a hundrea metres, or about 328 English feet. Hector, hek'~fur,s. A bully, a blustering, turbulent fellow , one who teases or vexes. — v.a To threaten ; to bully ; to treat with insolence ; to torment by words. — v.n. To play the buiiy ; to bluster. Hbctorism, s. The disposition or practice of a hector ; a bullying. Hectorlt, hsk'-tur~le. a. Blustering ; insolent. Heddlb-maker, hed'dl-ma'-ker, s. A maker of flax combs and of weavers’ utensils. Heddlbs, hed'dlz, s.pl. The harness for guiding the warp treads in a loom. Hedbnbergitb, hed'-en-berg-ite, ft. A dark, or nearly black, cleavable variety of augite. Hederaceous, hed-e-ra*-she-us, a. Pertaining to ivy; producing ivy. Hedrral, ned'-e-ral, a. Composed of ivy; belonging to Iry Hederiferous, hed-e-rif'-er-us, a. Producing ivy. Hedge, hed^, g. A thicket planted round a field to fence it, or in rows, to separate the parts of a garden. —Hedge is a prefix to various compounds ; as, Hedge- bom. of low birth, AS if bom in the woods, outland¬ ish , oh9,Q\iTOHedge-hote. wood for repairing hedges. ^Hfdge-creeper, one who skulks under hedges.— Hedge-fumitory, a pVAnX.—Hedqe-hyssop. a bittiT herb of the genus gratioln .— Hedge mustard, a plant of the genus erysimjtm.—Hedge-nettle, a herb or undershrub of the genus Hachys, whose flowers grow In spikes.— Hedge-note, a term of contempt for low writing.— Hedge-sp applied to in- Hemiptera, s.pi , I he-inip''ter~A, 1 Sects liaviug mem¬ branous wing.s with wing covers. Hbm iptbhal. la. Pertaining to the or- Hemiptekocs, he-mip'- cr-us. j der H^miptera Hp;mispherr, hem'-e-sjere, s. A half sphere , one half the mundane sphere . a map or pruiection 7f half the terrestrial globe HEMispHERiC.i a. Containing half HEMi'iPHKRicAL. hem-e Hfcr'-e-kal, i a spln^re or globe. Hemisphe&cle. s. A half spheraUe Hemistich, hem' is-tik, s Half a poetic verse, or a verse not completed Hemirtichal, he-mis'-te-kal, sl. Pertaining to a hemi¬ stich , denoting a division of the verse. Hemitone, A«m'-c-ion<5, s. A half lone in music; now called a semitone. llEMiTAor^. hem'-e-trope, Si. Half turned , a hemttrope crystal is one in which one segment is turned tlirough half the circumference of a circle. Hf.mi.ock, hem' lok, s- A plant of the genus conium, whose leavers and root are poisonous, a North Ameri¬ can evergreen-tree of the tir kind ; a poison ; an infu¬ sion or decoction of the poisonous plant. IIemloce-sproce, hevi'-lok-spruse, s. i'he Abies Cana¬ densis, used for railway sleepers and for laths. Hemmed, hemd, pp, or a. ilordered ; edged. Hemmel, Ae7n'-7rte2, s A shed or hovel for cattle. {Local.) ilBMAKNO, hem'-ming, g. Bordering at the edge of the cloth. 1IeMOPT-!8IS, ht-moff-te-stt, ) . H8M0PT0E, fu-nwp'-to-e, I spiittinfc or blooa. Hemorrhage, hem'-or-aje, s. Any discharge of blood from vessels destined to contain it. Hsmorrhaoic, hem or rc^-jik, a. Pertaining to a flux of blood ; congisUng in hemorrh^e. Hemorrhoidal,/ te7n-or-rty'-ii«4, a. Pertaining to the hemorrhoids; consisting in a flux of blO'd. Hemorbhoiws. h»*n'-or-roydt, 8. A discharge of blood from the vessels of the am us , the piles. Hemp, hemp, s A fibrous plant of the genus con7aa6»s, whose skin or bark i* used for cloth and cordage , ti e skin or rind of the plaut^ prepared for spinning Hemp-aorimont . s. A herb grew- ing in wet grou^'^. I Hempen, Acfwp'n, a. Made of hemp. Hemp-nettle, hemp'-net-tl, s An annual plant of 104 genus ga‘eopsis. Hemp -ssbo, hemp' -seed, s. The seed of hemp, j HEM-gri’PCB,/ieTn'-/f4»rsA, 8. A particular mode of sew, { ing by drawing the threads of the fabric and sepa- I rating them, 1 Hempt, hemp'-e, a. Like hemp. Hen, hen, s. liie female of any kind of fowl. Hen-coop, hen'-kovp, s A coop or cage for fowls. Hkn-DRIVER, hen'-dri-cer, s. A kind of hawk. Hen-harm, ken' harm, I 8. A species of bU 2 HKN-HAattiBR. hen'-har-re-er, | zard. Hbn-hbabted, he^i-h’dr'-ted, a. Cowardly , timid ; das tardly. Hkn-hod8b, hen.'-huas&, a. A house or shelter for fowls Hen-pecked, hen'-pekt, a. X^venied by the wife- Hen -RU08T, hen'-roosi, s. A place where poultry rest at night. Henbane, hen'-banty s. A poisonous herb, the hyoscy- amus. Henbit, hen’-bit, s. A name common to several plants ; also culled dead-nettle or speedwell. Hence, henst, ad. From tliis place , from this time ; in the future ; from this source or original. Henceforth, hense'-forth , ad. From tills time forward. Henceforward, hens«-foi'’-xoawrd, ad. From this time forward ; henceforth. HeNCHMAN 4 1 a ni.rp • » aprvHnt HENcHB0T,t Aens/»'-iui/, j *■ A page, a servant. Hend4 hend, » v.a. To seize; to lay hold on; to Hknt.J heiit, ) occupy. Hend,} hnid, i fjp,.... Hendecagon. hen-dek'-A-yyrn, s. In geometry, a plane figure of eleven sides, and as manv angles- Ubndecasy Li.ABic, hen-dek-A-sil-lao -ik, a Pertaining to a metrical line of eleven syllables. HenDECASYLLABLE. hen-fiek-A-sU'-lA-bl, A metrical line of eleven syllablt** Hendiadyk. hen di' A-dis, n. A figure in which the same ide:i is expressed by tw<. different words or ph^a^eB. Henna, h>n'-n. The wild dog-rose. FIepar, he‘-pdr, a. A combination of sulphur with an alkali IlEPAiMC, he-pat' -ik, i a. PerTaming to the liver. Hepatical. he-pat' e-kal, I -Hepatic siiiphureited hydrogen gas.— Hepatic artery, and the Hepaltc tUict, with the vena-porite, .u'e intorlobular. or situated between the lobes of the liver.— Hepatic vein, the vein within the looes —Hepatic glands are those whii'h receive the ivinphatic vesseb* of the liver.— Hepatic plexus is conne<;ted witli the hepatic vessels and the vena-portAt. — pyrites, or hepatic snJ- phuret of iron, a variety of prismatic iron pyrites of a yellow colour. Hepatite, s. A gem or mineral, fetid sul¬ phate of baryta. Hepatitis, hep-A-tH-tis, s. Inflammation of the liver. Hepatization, hep-a te-za' shuu, s. The act of impreg¬ nating with sulphuretted hydrogen gas, conversion into a substance resembling the liver Hepattzb. hep'-A-tize, v.a. To impregnate with sul phuretted hydrogen gas; to gorge with blood or plastic matter. Hepatoscopv, hep-A-to/-ko-pe, s The art or practice ol divination bv inspecting the Liver of animaJs. Heptachord, \ep'-lA-kord, s A system of seven sounds; verses sung or played on seven chords or diffarent notes. Heptade, hejf-tade, s. Tlie sum or number of seven. Hrptaolot, hep/ -ta-gloi, s. A book of seven languages. Heptagon, hep'-ta-gon, In geometry, a pUne consisting of seven sides and as many auglt*s.—In fortification, a place tiiat has seven bastions for defence. Keptagomal, hep-tag'-o-nal, a. Having seven angles or sides Hspta«tnia, hep-tA jin'-t-A, s. In botassy, an order of plants having seven stylta. Hkptaotniaji, h»p-td-jin' e-an, | a. In boieuty havir,* UErTAorwors, j so^oo stylet. HEPTAHEDEON i. Hartiii? stamftQA i. Haying Having seven HsPTABXDaoif, hcp-tA-h^-drtmy %. A solid figure with i p?yeij sides- Hkptahex&hbpral, fh«p~i^h«h 9 ~a^hi^-draly a. Fre- sontins »even of ftw'-e*® one above another, each ra?\gv c-ontaliung six &u!ea. HerrAwyaBTn:. ht^p-famf-tf-red^, s. That which divides into ■«>▼««:) parts liEPTM*L»aiA. http-ian’ -4re-d^ 8- Ta frotony, a Class of planto haviui? sevrn stamens. HvPTAjfDajiJi. k4tp tan'-dr^-an, HBPT\MDaocN. h«p-tan' drug, HKeTA.«c*<<5,AR. kep-tatif-^u-Uir, angles Hxpi APH vLLoos, h«p-t.af*-U-ltia^ leavf^ IlBpniRCHic, fxep-tar'~kik, a. Denoting a sevenfold government Iip.pT4.iu3H, heff-tark, s. A ruler of one division of a heptttrch.7 HePTA-acHT. Hep'-tar-key 8. A government by seven persous. a word oaually applied to England when under the government or seven Sajton kings. HEPTATBtrcHji- hep'-ta-tewk, a The first seven books of the Old Teetainent. Her, her, prou. a., of the third peraon. Of or belonging to a feraale. Herald. her'-ald, s. A proclaimer, a publisher; a forerunner, a precursor, a harbingeri an officer whose busine^ is to marshal, order, and conduct royal cavalcades, ceremonies at coronations, royal m Vrriages, in8tallati)bh, hm(f-er, 8 A herdmian. Hbrder!ti, her' dcr-ite, s. A crystallized minaiui, which o<'eurii. with fiuor in Saxony. Hbri'ii8j.4 herd’-ts, s A shepheruess. HBRDoHooud herd'-(jroom, 8. A keeper of a herd. HaaomtAJi, herdef-many s. One employed in tending herds of cattAe. Hirur-orabb, 8. A name given to various grasBsa. Her*, here, ad. In this place; in the place where the speaker is present; in the present life or state.— Nei¬ ther here i\or there, neither in one place nor in another. —Here and there, in one place and another ; in a dis¬ persed manner.— Here u frequently combined with a preposition , but lliese compounds are now considered inelegant; as about this place, hereafter y in time to come ; hereaiy at this, &c. , hereby, by Uiis ; herein, in this, heretnto, into this; hereof, of this, hereon, oi\ this, hereout, o\xX of this place; hereunto, to this , ftereupon, on this, &c. Hereafter, here-af'-cer, s. A future state. HsREniTABLc.t he-red'-c-td-hl, a That may be inhe¬ rited Hbreditarlv, he-recf-e-td-ble, ad. By inheritance. Hereditament, he-red'-e-td-ment, s. Any species of property that may be inherited. Hereditarily, he-red'-e-td-re-le, ad. By inheritance, by descent from an ancestor. Hbrbditary, he-red'-e-td-re, a. That has descended from an ancestor , descendible to an heir at law ; an¬ cestral . patrimonial. Heremit^ her' -e-mit, s. A hermit. Herbmitical, her-e-nxiV-e-kal, a. Solitary , excluded from society. Hsresiarch, her’-e-se-arkyS, A leader in heresy. Set H.£RES1ARCU HimBsiuQRAPHBR, her-€-9e-og'-rd-fcr, s. One who writes on heresies. Herbsiography , her-e-se-og'-rd-fe, 8. A treatise on heresy Herest, her'-e-ae, s. A presumed or vital error of opi¬ nion respecting some fundamental dix^trine of re¬ ligion , an opinion differing from that of the church , an untenable or unsound opinion or doctrine in poli¬ tics. Heretic, her'-e-Uk, s. A person who holds and teaches opinions repugnant to the established feiitli; anyone who maint^ns erroneous opinions. ’Hjbh'btwa.l, ke-ref-e-kal, a. Containing heresy; con¬ trary to the established faith. Herbticallv , he-ret're-kal-le, ad. In an heretical man¬ ner , wiHi heresy, Hbrbticatb, he-ref -e-knte, v.a. To decide to be heresy. Heusto, Aftf- too, ad. In addition; to this time or place. Heretofore, here'-too-fore, act Formerly ; in tiniea before the present. HEB.BTOG,/i«r'-c-fofir, Is. Among our Saxon ancestors Heuetoch, her'-e-toky ) the leader or commander 01 an army, Hereupon, here-up-on', ad. On this. Herewith, here-teiik', ad. With this. Hi'riot, 8- A tribute or fine payable to the lord of the fee on the decease of the owner, land h-iiit'-e-kalf f taking of both sexes- llEitMENKnTic, Aer-mc-ne;M?'-i»A, la. Interpreting; Ulumenbutical, j explaining; un¬ folding the signification. Hermexel'tics, her-me-neuf-tiks, s. The science of in¬ terpretation, especially of the Scriptures. Hermes, her'-meSf s. (Or ) In archaeology^ a rough quadrangular stone or ptlUir, having a head sculp¬ tured on the top of it, without arms or body. II ERMETic, Afr-nvef'-iA:, la. Designating Chemistry; Hermetical, her-viet'-e-kal, \ chemical; relating to the system which explains the causes of diseases and the operations of medicine, on the principles of the lier- metical philosophy, perfectly close, so that no air can escape. Uermettuvcls, A^!r-rnpi'-e-A;a/-/e, ad. According to the herniet'v. art; chemically , closely; accurately. Hermit, Aer'»mf,s. An anchorite; a recluse , a person who retires from society and lives in solitude; one bound to pray for anutlier. Hermitage, her’-tne-taje, s The habitation of a her¬ mit ; a cell in a recluse place, but annexed to an abbey ; a kind of wing. Hekmitari, her'-me-ta-rct 8. A cell for the hermits annexed to some abbey. Kermitess, her -fnit-esf s. A female hermit. Hermitical, her-mit'-e-kal, a. Pertaining to a hermit; suited to a hermit. Hermodactyl, her-mo-dak'-til, s. In viateria niedica, a root brought frum 'I'ui’key, formerly much used as a cathartic Hermogenians, her~mo-je'-nc-anz, s.pl. A sect of here¬ tics m the second centur:y, so named from Hermogenes. Hf-hn. t A«>rn. 8. A heron. niiM'iHiEi., nerit ? A plant. Hernia, her'-ne.-hy s. Hi unrgerv, a protrusion of some organ of the abdomen tlirougn ni. interstice, jiroduc- Ing a soft and slightly elastic tumour , a rupture. Hern IAL, her*-ne-al, a. Pertaining to or connected with hernia. Hernshaw,^ hem'-shaiVf s. A heron-shaw or heron. Hero, Ae'-ro, 8. A man of distinguished valour, intre¬ pidity, or enterprise t a great, illustrious, or extra- oruinary poison.—In epic poetryy or ronmnee, the prin¬ cipal personage in the transactions related.—In pagan mythology, an illustrious person, supposed after death to be dinfied. Herodians, he-ro'-de-anz, s.pl. (from Herod). A sect among the Jews. Heroic, Ae-ro'-tA, a. Pertaining to a hero or heroes; brave ; courageous ; illmstrious ; becoming a hero ; deserving or obtaining distinction by valoui*; produc¬ tive of Heroes.— Heroic aye, the age when the heroes of Grecian antiquity are supposed to have lived. Heroically, hc-ro'-e-kai-le, ad. lu the maimer of a hero ; courageomlv Heroicalnkss, kfi-ror-e-kal-nes, s. The quality of being heroic Heroicnkss, he-ro'-ik-nes, s. The quality of being heroic , heroicalness. Heroi'Comic, he-rn-e-kom'-ik, la. Consi.rting of Hbroi-comical, he-ro-e-kont'-e-kal,] the hei'oic and tlie ludicrous; denoting the high burlesque. Heroine, her' o-iu, s. A female hero ; a woman of a brave spirit Heroism, nei -o-tzm, 8. The qualities of a hero ; bravery , gallantry. Heron, her'-un, 8. A water fowi with long legs, wings, and neck. rh«t devo’-"« fish. Heronry, ner'-uu e. t A place w'bere herons breed. Hlronshaw.j her'-utfshatv. 8. A heron. Bbkoolooist, fhe~ro-ol'’ 0 -jist, s. One who treata of heroes. Ueuoshi’, he'-ro-ship, e. The character of a hero. Herpes, her'-pese, s. Tettew ; an eruption cc the skin; erysipelas , ring-worm, Jtc. Herpetic, her pet'ik, a. Pertaining to the herpoc oi cutaneous eruptions , resembling the herpes. Herpetolouic, her-pet-o-iod'-jik, ( a. Pertaining KiiRevTohoaivAi., her-pet-o-iod'-Je-kal,} to herpeto- logy Herpetologist, her-pet-ol'-o-jtst, s. A person versed in herpeu/iogy, or tlie natui.al Mstory of reptiles. Herpetology, her-pe-tol'-o-je, s. A description of rep tiles , the natural history or reptiles. Herring, her' ring, s. A well-known sea fish, which goes in vast shoals. Herring-fishery, her'-ring-Jish'-e-re, s. The flsniug for herrings. IIerrnhuter, herrn'-hu-ter, s. One of a sect of Mora¬ vians. Hers, herz, pron. fern, possessive of Her. Hersal,^ her'-suL s. Ilehearsnl. Herschkl, Aei-'-i'Ac/, s. A planet discovered bv Hei’Schcl, the astronomer, in 1781, first called Georgiwn Sidus, now Uramis. Herschelite, hey'''shel-itey s. A mineral which occurs b) six-sided prisius, colour white, translucent, or opaque. Herse, s. '[w fortijication, Si lattice or portcullis, in Che form of a huiTow, set with iron spikes, for bluckbig up a gateway, or impeding an enemy’s march.— A carriage tor bea'^mg coi'p.>e8 tt) the grave ; now spelt ht-ar'^e , to temporary monument set over a grave; a rehearsal. — v.a. To put on or in a hearse, to bury Herself, her-self', pron. A female, the subject of dis¬ course before mentioned. Hersb-ltkf herse'-Hfi.e, a. Funereal, suitab e to fu¬ nerals. Hersillon, i^ers'-il-lo^i, s. (Vr In fort^atton. the same with Herse. Hesitancy, 8 . A doubtmg, a pausing to consider ; dubiousness ; suspense. Hesitant, At'z'-c-iani, a. Hesitating; pausing, wanting volubility of speech. Hesitantly, hez'-e-tant-le.ad. In a hesitating manner. Hesitate, Aez'-e-^a.e, v.n To slop or pause re.>pecting dt'Cision or action , to doubt, waver, or deliberate; to be in suspense , to stop in speaking. Hesitatingly, hez-e-ta'-ting-le, ad With hesitation or doubt. Hesitation, hez-e-ta'-shim, s. A pausing or delay in forming an opinion or commencing action ; doubt; a stopping in speech ; srammeilng. Hesi'I'ative, Aez' e a. Showing hesitation. Hespeh. hes'-per, s. The evening star Hi.spbrian, hes-pe'-re-an, a. Western , situated at the Yvest. — 8. An inhabitant of a western country. Hessian, hes' se-an, a. Uclating to Hesse,bi Germany. He8.sian-fi.y, hes'-se-an-fii, s. A small tYvo-wingea fly, or midge, nearly black. Hest,$ 8 . Command, precept, injunction. Hesi EHNAi., hes-ter''lull. a. Fertaming to yesttirday. Heterarchy, hetf-er-ar-ke, s. The government of an alien. Heterocircal, A«i-er-o-scr'-/vnl, a. An epithet applied to fishes which huY'e tlie upper fork of tlu; tiiii longer tlian the lower. Hetkroclite, hetf-er-o-klite, s. In grammar, a word Yvhich is irregular or anomalous ; any thing or person deviating from common forms. Heteroclitic, het-er-o-klit‘-ik, I a. Irregular Hetbroclitical, het'er-o-kiif'-e-kal, ] anomalous ; deviating from ordinaiy torms or rules rlETF ROCLITOC8, het er-oK-ie tus, a Heteroclitic. Heterodox, hei'-er~o-doks, a In theology, heretical, contrary to the faith and doctrines of the Stniptures, or repugnant to the tAincts of any established church Heterouuxnzss, het' er-o doks-nes, s. State of being heterodox. HprERODoxY, hef-er-o-dok se, s. Heres? , an opinion or doctrine contrary to the toctn>"» ol' ‘^•ripturcs, or contrary t* thtise of an establisnc.’ church. IlETEROoAMors, het er-og' a-mus, a. In botany, having different essential parts of fruciification. Heterooene, het'-er-o-jeue, • a. Of a differeiit Heteroqeneal, het-er-o-fe'-ne-al, > kind or nature Heterogeneous, het-er-o^ef-ne-us,) unlike or dissi- milar in kind. HETEEOaENEITY r 4.81 ] HIBEATIG Hbtbkoobxeitt, heUer^o-je-ne^'4htef s. Opposition of nature; contrariety or dissimilitude of qualities; dis- r similar part; something of a different kind. Hbteroqeneousness, het-er-o-jef-ne-us-nes, s. Differ¬ ence of nature and quality ; dissimilitude or con¬ trariety in kind. Hbteropathic, het-e-ro-path'-ikf a. See Allopathic. Hbteropathy, het-er-oj/-d.~thet s. The method of attempting to remove one disease by inducing a different one. Heterophyllous, het-er-of'-il-lue, a. Having leaves different from the regular form. Heteropod, het'-er-o-podf s. One of an order of mollus- ' cous animals, whose foot is compressed into a vertical muscular lamina, serving for a nn. Hbtbroptics, het-er-op*-tikSf s. False optics. Heteroscian, het-er- 08 '-e-an, s. Those inhabitants of the earth are called HeteroscianSf whose shadows fall one way only. — a. Having the shadow fall one way only. Heterositb, Ae^'-er-o-si^e, 8 . A greenish-grey or bluish mineral, becoming violet on exposure. Heterotomous, het-er-ot'-o-musy a. In mineralogyy having a different cleavage. Hetman, het'-mariyS A Cossack commander-in-chief. Heulanditb, hew'-lan-dite, 8 . A mineral of the zeolite family, occurring in amygdaloid, consisting of silica, alumina, and lime. Hew, hew, v.a.; pret. Hewed ; pp. Hewed or Hewn. To cut with an axe, or other like instrument j to chop; to cut; to hack ; to make smooth. —i s. Destruction by cutting down. Hewed, hewd, pp. or a. Cut and made smooth or even. Hewer, hew'~er, s. One who hews wood or stone. Hewn, hewn, pp. or a. The same as hewed. Hbxachord, neks^-A-kawrdy s. In ancient wimsic, an imperfect chord called a sixth ; also, an instrument of six chords or strings’, and a scale of six sounds. Hexadacttlods, heks-d-dak'-te-lus, a. Having six fingers or toes. Hexade, heks^-ade, s. A series of six numbers. Hexagon, heks'-d-gon, s. In geometry, a plane figure of six sides and six angles. Hexagonal, hegz-ag'-o-nal, a. Having six sides and six angles. Hexaoyn, hek^-d-jin, 8. A plant, the flowers of which have six pistils. Hexagtnia, heks-d-jin'-e-d, s. In hotany, an order of plants that have six styles. Hexaqynian, heks-d-jin'-e-an,\&.. In botany, having Hexagynous, heks-aj'-in-ns, | six styles. Hexahedral, heks-d-he'-dral, a. Of the figure of a hex¬ ahedron ; having six equal sides. Hexahedron, heks-d-he'-dron, s. A regular solid body of six sidep; a cube. Hexahembron, hek8-d-hem'~e-ron, s. The term of six days. Hexameter, heaz-am'-e-ter, s. A verse of six feet, con¬ sisting of dactyls and spondees. Hexametric, heks-d-metf-rik, la. Consisting of six Hexametrical, heks-d-met^-re-kal,) metrical feet. Hexandria, heks~an'-dre~d, s. In botany, a class of plants having six stamens. Hexandrian, hek8~an*-dre-an,\j^ TTaviTia'aiv etniYiotie HEXiNDRons, Aeis-oM'-drMs, / “• -H-aviiigsix stamens. Hexangdlar, a. Having six angles or corners. Hexaped, heks'-d-ped, a. Having six feet; hexapod. Hexapetalous, hek8-d~pet'‘d-lu8, a. Having six petals or flower-leaves. Hexaphyllous, heks-af'-fe-lus, a. Having six leaves. Hexapla, hek^-d-pld, s. A collection of the Holy Scrip¬ tures in six languages. Hexaplar, heks''d-plar, a. Sextuple; containing six columns. Hexapod, a. Having six feet. — 6. An insect having six feet. Hexastich, heks'-d-stik, s. A poem consisting of six verses. Hexasttle, hek8'‘-d-stile, 8. A building with six columns in front. Hbxoctahedron, heks-okrta-he'-dro9i, s. A solid con¬ tained under forty-eight equal triangular faces. Het, hay, interj. An exclamation of joy or mutual exhortation. Heyday, hay'-da, interj. An expression of frolic and exultation. Hetdat, 8. A froUo; wildness. HiATioN,i Ai-a'-sAw?*, s. The act of gaping. Hiatus, hi~a'-tus, s. (Lat.) An opening; an aperture; a gap ; a chasm. — In grammar, the concurrence of tWt» vowels in two successive syllables or words, occa¬ sioning a hardness in the pronunciation ; a chasm in a manuscript, where some part is lost or effaced. Hibernacle, hi-ber'-nd-kl, s. In botany, the leaf-bud, which serves for the winter protection of the young and tender parts of a plant; the winter lodge of a wild animal. Hibernal, hi-ber'-nal, a. Belonging to winter. Hibernate, hi'-ber^nate, v.n. To winter, to pass the season of Tvinter in close quarters or in seclusion. Hibernation, hi-ber-na*-shun, s. The passing of winter in a close lodge, as beasts and fowls. Hibernian, hi-ber*-ne-an, a. Pertaining to Hibernia, now Ireland. '— 8. A native of Ireland. Hibernicism, hi-ber'-ne-sizm, Is. An idiom or mode Hibernianism, hi-bei^-ne-a7\-i%m,] ot speech peculiar to the Irish. Hibernicize, hi-her'-ne-8ize, v.a. To render into the language or idiom of the Dish. Hiberno-celtic, hi-ber*-no-8eV-tik, 9,. The native lan¬ guage of the Irish; the Gaelic. Hiccatee, hik-kd-te^, s. A fresh-water tortoise of Cen¬ tral America. Hiccough, hik'-up, s. A convulsive catch of some of the respiratory muscles. — v.n. To have a convulsive catch of some of the respi¬ ratory muscles. Hickory, hik'-o-re, s. A name given to several American nut-bearing trees of the genus carya, valuable for timber and fuel. Hickup, hik'-up, s. A spelling sometimes given to Hiccough. Hickwall, hikf-wal. Is. A small species of wood- Hickway, hik'-way, / pecker. Hid, hid, 1 PP- of Hide. Not seen or known Hidden, hid'dn, j difficult to be known. Hidage, hi'-daje, s. An extraordinary tax formerly paid to the kings of England for every hide of land. Hidalgo, hi-dal'-go, s. In Spain, a nobleman of the lowest class. Hiddenly, hid'dn-le. ad. In a hidden or secret manner Hide, hide, v.a.; prei Hid ; pp. Hid or Hidden. To -with¬ hold or withdraw from sight; to conceal or screen', to keep secret.—In Scripture, not to confess or disclose.— To hide the face, to withhold communion or consola¬ tion.— To hide the face from, to overlook or forgive. — v.n. To lie concealed; to keep one’s seu out of view.— Hide and seek, a pla-y of children. — 8. The skin of an animal.—In the ancient laws of England, a certain portion of land. Hide-bound, hidef-hownd, a. An animal is hide-bound when his skin sticks to his sides or back; a tree is hide-bound when the bark will not give way to its growth.— t Harsh ; untraetable; niggardly; penu¬ rious. Hideous, hid'-e-us, a. Shocking to the eye or ear; ex¬ citing terror. Hideously, ad. In a manner to frighten, dreadfully. Hideousness, hid’-e-vjs-nes, s. Frightfulness to the eye; dreadfulness. Hider, hi’-der, s. One who hides or conceals. Hiding, hi'-ding, s. Concealment; a withholding; a beating {colloq.). Hiding-place, hV-ding-plase, s. A place of conceal¬ ment. Hidrotics, hi-drof-iks, s.pl. Medicines which produce perspiration. Hie, hi, v.n. To hasten; to move or run w?th haste to speed. —t s. Haste ; diligence. Hierarch, hi'-e-rark, s. One who ruies or has authority in sacred things. Hierarchal, hi'-e-rar-kal, 1 a. Pertaining to a Hierarchical, hi'-e-rnr-ke-kal, | hierarch. Hierarchism, hi’-e-rark-izm, s. The principle of chur< h government by a hierarchy. HierarchYj hV-e-rnr-ke,s. Dominion or authority in sacred things; the persons who have the exclusive direction of things sacred. Hieratic, hi-e-rai'-ik, a. Sacerdotal; p«i;aining to priests; a term applied to a mode of ancient Egyptian writing. ;i, HILSAH Hierocract, n%'$~TOk'-r^^se, 8. siastics. , , IIIEEOOLYPH, \8. Assxired character, Hieroolyphic, hi-e-ro-glif’-ik,) applied to a species of writing practised by the ancient Egyptian priefcts. Hieroglyphic, hi-e-ro-glif -ik, 1 a. Emblematic ; Hieruolyphical, hi-e~ro-glif'-e-kal, j expressive some meaning bv characters, pictures, or figures. Hieroglyph 18T, ni-e-ro-glif'-ist, versant with hieroglyphics. TIierooram, hi'-e-ro-gratiif s. A species of sacred writing. ^ t^*- lIiERooRAMMATic, hx-e-ro-gram'-matf'tk, a. Denoting a kind of writing in sacred or sacerdotal characters. lIiEROGRAMMATiBT, hi~e~ro gram'-mh~tist^ s. An Eg^- tian priest whose duty it was to decipher hierogly¬ phics, and preside over the religious services. Hierographer, /li-e-rofif'-rd-Zer, s. A ^VTiter of, or one versed in hierography. Hierographic, la. Fertamingto Hifrogr&phical, hi-e~To-graf'-e-kal, ) sacred writing. Hierography, hi-e-rog'-ra-fey^- Sacred writing. Hierologic, hi-e-vo-ioj'-ik, la. Eclongiug to the IIIEROLOOICAL, hi-e-To-lof-e-kal, J science of lilerology. Hierologist, hi-e-vol'-o-jisty s. A person conversant with hierology. Hierology, ht-e-rol'-o-je, 8. The science of sacred ■writings and inscriptions, particularly among the Egyptians. . . . ^ ^ IIieromancy, hi'-e-ro-vian-se, s. Divination by observ¬ ing the various things offered in sacrifice. Hierophant, hi'-e-vo-Jayit, or hi-ev'-o-faHty s. One who teaches the mysteries and duties of religion ; a priest. Hieroph ANTIC, hi-e-ro-fan'-tiky a. Pertaining to hie¬ rophants. __ . . Rieroscopy, hi-e-TOs'-ko-pe,^ 8. Divination by the in¬ spection of sacrificial victims. Higgle, hig'gl, v.n. To carry provisions about and offer them for sale ; to chaffer; to be tedious in bar- proad or arrogant, magnanimous.— extravagant in notions of politics.—i/igrA-yn-oo/, highly rectified.—raised a.\oft.—High-reaching, reaching to a great height, ambitious.— of lofty stTMctMTC.— High-repented, deeply repented.— Htgh-resolved, very resolute.—having a lofty or shaiT) vo^'ii.—High-seamned, enriched with spices or other seasoning.—if t(/^-sra^ed, faxed on high; seated in an elevated High-sighted, always looking upward.—having a high spirit. —High-sounding, pompous ; noisy; ostentatious.— High-spirited, full of spirit or natural fire.—J/i^A- having a lofty spirit.—ifgreatly swe\\Q&.—High-tasted, having a strong relish.—if«V^- toned, high in sounds. —High-toxcered, having lofty towers. — High-viced, enormously wicked. — High- wrought, wrought with exquisite art or skill; strongly inflamei. High-chdrch, hi'-ckurch, a. An epithet applied to those in the Episcopiil Church who attach the highest importance and exclmsiveness to episcopacy. -- " One who holds gaming. IIiGGLEDY-PiGGLEDT, hig'gl-de-pig'gl-dc, ad. In confu- The principles of A head-officer of Sion. {Low.) Higgler, hig'gler, s. One who carries about provisions for sale, or who is particularly tedious in bargaining. Higgling, hig'gling, s. The employment of a higgler. IfiGH, hi, a. Extending a great distance above the surface of the earth; elevated ; lofty , of great alti¬ tude; tall; elevated in rank, conditionj or office; possessing or governed by honourable pride; noble ; exalted , dignified ; boastful; ostentatious; arrogant; proud. loud; boisterous, threatening or angry ; no- ole ; Illustrious; honourable ; powerful; mighty ; pos sessed of supreme power, dominion, or excellence ; of great price; remote in past time.—In music^ acute; sharp.— High and dry, applied to the situation of a vessel when aground above water-mark.— High day, high noon, the time when the sun is in the meridian. - ad. Aloft; to a great altitude ; eminently ; greatly ; powerfully. — s. An elevated place; superior region.—On high, alond; aloft. High is a prefix to various compounds; as, High- aimed, having lofty High-arched, having elevated arches. — High-aspiring , having elevated yxayfS.—High-blest, supremely happy.— High-blown, swelled much \\dth wind.—Ift{/ft-6orn, being of noble birth or extraction,— High-bred, hrod in high life.— High-browed, having high brows.— High-built, of lofty stmciure.—High-cltmbi7ig,c[unhing^ to a great height. —High-coloured, having a string or glarmg colour.— High-curling, rising high in curls.— High-day, fine; bemtting a holiday.—Jfip^-dm^Mtn//, fonning groat schemes.having lofty arches.—ift\etoiyHigh-flaming, throwing flame to a great High-flavoured, having a high flavour.— High-flier, one who carries his opinions to extrava¬ gance.—elevated , proud ; turgid.—ifit/A- fixished, much High-flying , extravagant in claims or opinions.—looking upward.— High-going, moving rapidly.—Kit^/i-aroicn, having the crop considerably High-handed, violent, or overbearing.— High-heaped, covered with or raised in high High-hearted, full of courage.— heded, having high \^^Q\B.^High-hung, hung aloft; elevated.—pertaining to high life.—jETtaTi- meitled, having high spirit; High-minded, High-churchman, hi' church-man, High-church principles. High-chcrchism, hi'-church-izm, i the High-church party. High-constable, hi'-kun-sth-bl, s. police. Highland, ^f'-Zand, 8. Elevated land; a mountainous region. Highlander, hi'-lan-deT, s. An inhabitant of the mountains. Highlandish, hi'-lan-dish, a. Denoting high or moun¬ tainous land. Highly, hi'-le, ad. With elevation in place ; in a great degree ; proudly ; arrogantly; with elevation of mind or opinion. High-mass, hi’-mas, s. Among Boman Catholics, that ma.ss which is read before the high altar on Sundays, fcaoCdays, and great occasions. Hjghmost, hi'-rnosl, a. Highest. Highness, hi'-nes, 8. Elevation above the surface, loftiness; altitude; height; a title of honour given to princes or olher inen of rank. High-place, W'-p/ase, 8. In S^rip^Mr«, an eminence or mound on which sacrihees were offered. High-pressure-eni.n*, hi'-presh-ur-en'-jin, s. A steam-engine in which the steam is not condensed, but admitted into the cylinder at a very high temper¬ ature. High-priest, hi'-preest, s. A chief priest. High-priestship, hi'-preest-ship, s. Office of a high- priest. , , High-road, hi'-rode, s. A highway, or much fre* quented place. Hight, hite, 8. Elevation; loftiness. —t a. Called, promised, &c. High-time, hi-time, s. Full time; time at Which a thing must be attended to. High--water, hi'-waw-ter,%. The utmost flow or greatest elevation of the tide. High-water-mark, hi'-waw-ter-mark, s. The line made on the shore by the tide at its utmost height. Highway, hi'-xvay, s. A public road ; a way open to all passengers ; course; train of action. Highwayman, hi'-way-xnan, s. One who robs on the public road, or lurks in the highway for the purpose of robbing. Hilarious, a. Mirthful ; meny. Hilarity, hi-lar'-e-te, s. A pleasurable excitement of the animal spirits; cheerfulness; merriment; exhila¬ ration. Hilary-TERM, hil'-A-re-term, s. Theterm of courts, &c., wliich begins January 11th. Hilding,? hil’-ding, s. A mean, sorry, paltry man or woman. . « , , Hill, hil, 8. A natural elevation of land; an emi¬ nence. — v.a. To raise earth about plants; to raise a littlo mass of earth ; $to cover. Hilliness, hil'-le-nes, s. The stale of being hilly. Hilling, $ hil'-ling, 8. Covering; act of raising the earth around plants. Hillock, hil'-lok. s. A small hill. Hillside, hil'-siae, 8. The side or declivity of a hill. Hilltop, hil'-top, s. The top of a hiU. Hilly, hil'-le, a. Abounding with hills. Hilsah, hiV-sd, 8. A native fish of the Ganges, much esteemed for food. HILT C 483 ] HlgTOHIFY Hilt, hilt, 8. Tlie handle of anything, especially of a sword. HiLTED, hil'-ted, a.. Haying a hilt. HiLUM, hi'-Lum, 8. The eye of a bean or other seed where it separates from the placenta. Him, Aiwt, pron. The objective case of He. Himself, nim-self, pron. recip. In the nominative or objective case of the pronoun he and self.—By him¬ self, alone ; unaccompanied ; sequestered. Hin, hin, 8. A Hebrew measure of liquids. Hind, hine'd, s. The female of the red deer or stag ; a domestic ; a servant; a peasant; a rustic. i — a. Backward ; pertaining to the part which follows, in opposition to the/ore-par^. ^ ^ HiNEfBERRY, Hint'd’-her-Tt, 8. A wild fruit allied to the raspben-y. Hind-bow, s. The protuberant part of a saddle behind , the cantle. . , Hinder, hi?ie'd'-er, a.; comp, of Hind. In a position contrary to that of the head or fore-part. Hinder, hm’-der, v.a. To keep back ; to prevent pro- gi‘ess ; to interrupt, oppose, or obstruct. — v.n. To interpose obstacles or impediments. Hindera-Nce, hin'-der-ans,\s. The act of Impeding or Hindrance, hin’-dranse, j restraining motion; ob¬ struction. Hindered, hin’-derd, pp. cf the verb to hinder. Hindf.rer, hin'-der-er, 8. One who stops or retards; that which hinders. Hinderlino, hine'-der-ling, s. A paltry, worthless, de¬ generate animal. . . ^ j Hinpermost, hin^-der-most, a. That which is behind all others; the last. Hindmost, hine'd'-most, a. The last; that is, in the rear of all others. h'ndd°’ I aboriginal of Hindostan. Hindooism, I . - , (s. Tlie doctrines and rites Hinduism, j ( of the Hindoos. fliNDoosTANEE, hin-doo-stan', a. or s. A term applied to the Hindoos or their language. Hinoe, hvije, s The hook or jtjint on which a door, gate, &c., turns; that on which anything depends.— To be off the hinges is to be in a state of disorder or irregularity. f— v.a. To furnish with hinges ; Jto bend, as a hinge. •- v.n. To stand, depend, or turn, as on a hinge. Hinged, hinjd, pp. of the verb to hinge. Hike., hink, s. A reaping hook. Hinniaie, hin'-ne-aie, 1 ^ Hinny, hin'-ne, J Hinny, hin'-ne, s. The produce of a stallion and a shc- ass. Hint, hint, v.a. To bring to mind by a slight allusion; to allude to; to suggest, or insinuate. — v.n. To hint at is to make a remote allusion to; to mention slightly. — 8. A distant allusion ; intimation ; suggestion. Hintingly, hin'-ting le, ad. In a hinting manner. Hip, 8. The projecting part of an animal, foimed by the haunch bone; the haunch; the joint of the thigh.—I ’d have on the hip, to have the advantage over one.— To smite hip and thigh, completely to over¬ throw or defeat. — v.a. To sprain or dislocate the hip. HoV ^hop I ® dog-rose or wild brier. Hip-ha.lt, a. Lame; limping. Hip-boop, hip'-rvof, is. A rodf whose ends slant Hipped rciof, htpt-roof, j back at the same angle with the adjacent sides. Hippocamp, kip' po-kamp, s,. The sea-horse. Hippocent.ai’r, hip-po-sen'-tawr, s. A supposed mon¬ ster, half man and half horse. Hippocras. i-xp’ •po-krns, s. A medicinal drink, com¬ posed of wine with an infusion of spices, &c. Hippocratism, hip nok' krd-Hzm, s. The philosophy of Hippocrates, as regards medicine. Hippodamk. bxp'-po-datue, s A sea-horse. Hippodrumk. hip'-po drome, s. A circus or place appro¬ priated to raises and other equestrian exercises; a racp-coui*se. Hippogrifp, hip’-po grif, s. A fabulous animal, half horse and half grillin. Hippolith^ hip'-po-lii:h,&. A stone found in the stomach or inrestines of a liorse Hiproi atuuloqt , hip-po-pit-thoV-v-je, s. Tlie science o£ Teterinary medicine; the oatUology of tlie horse. Hippophagocs, hip-pof -d-grMi a. Feeding on horses as the Tartars. Hippo PH AG Y, hip-pof'-d-je, s. The act or practice of feeding on horses. Hippopotamus, hip-po-pof -d-mus, s. The river-horse, a large animal, allied to the elephant, that inhabits th Nile and other rivers in Africa. Hipposteology, hip-pos-te-ol'-o-je, s. The anatomy of the horse. Hippuaic A.ciji,hip-pu'-rik af -id,^. An acid allied to benzoic acid, obtained from the i^ine of horses, &c. Hippurite, hip'-pu-rite,^. An extinct bivalve mollusk occunung in the chalk formations. Hipshot, hip'-shot, a. Having the hip dislocated. Hipwort, hip'-wurt, s. A plant. Hircin, her-sin, g. A liquid, fatty matter obtained from mutton suet.— Jiircic acid is an acid produced Ly its saponification. Hire, hire, v.a. To procure from another person at a certain price ; to engage in service at a stipulated reward; to contract with for a compensation ; to engage in immoral or illegal services for a reward. —To hire out one's self,lo engage one’s services lo another for a reward. — 8. The price^ reward, or compensation paid or con¬ tracted to be given for the temporary use of anything ; the reward or recompense paid for personal service ; a bribe; wages; salary. Hired, hire'd, pp. or a. Procured or taken for use at a I stipulated or reasonable price; employed in service I for a compensation. Hireless, hire'-le8,&. “Without hire. Hireling, hire'-ling, One who is hired, or who serves for wages; a mercenary. — a. Serving for wages; venal; mercenary. HiREN,j hi'-ren, s. A strumpet. Hirer, hi'-rer, s. One who hires or procures the use ol anything for a compensation; one who employs per¬ sons for wages. Hirsute , her-sut^, a. Hairy ; rough with hair; set with bristles. Hirsuteness, her-sute'-nes, 8. Hr’^iness. His, pron. possessive of He. O him. Hisingerite, his-tn/-er-4ie, 8. A .*oft black iron ore, nearly earthy. Hisk, hisk, v.n. To breathe with difficulty. Hispid, his'-pid, a. Rough with bristles or minute spines; bristly.—In botany, having strong hairs or bristles. Hiss, hiss, v.n. To make a sound by driving the breath between the tongue and the upper teeth ; to express contempt or disapprobation by hissing ; to whiz. — v.a. To condemn by hissing ; to explode ; to procui'e hisses or disgrace. — s. The sound made by propelling the breath between the tongue and the upper teeth ; the noise of a ser¬ pent, goose, «&c.; an expression of contempt or disap¬ probation. Hissed, hist, pp. of the verb to hiss. Hissing, 8. A hissing sound; an expression o. scorn or contempt. Hissingly, his'-sing-le, ad. With a wliistling sound. Hist, 4ts^,mteij. A word commanding silence, equi¬ valent to hush. Histogent, his-tcy'-e-ne, 8. The formation of an or¬ ganic tissue. Qistographv, Ais-iop'-rA-/c,8. A description of the or¬ ganic tissues. ilitiToLoo'i, hi8-tol'-o-Je,8. The doctrine of the organic I tissues. Histonomy, his-ton'-o-me, s. The history of the laws c organic tissues. H-isrgRiAL, his-to'-re-al, a. Historical. Historian, his-to'-re-an, s. A writer or compiler ct history. H\sToi\.ic, his-tor'-ik, la. Containing history or Historical, his-tor'-e-kal ,) the relation of facts ; per¬ taining to history , contained in history , deduced from histoi 7 , representing histoiy.— paint¬ ing. that brancli of tho art which embodies a story in one pi'’ture.—In hermeneutics, the historical sense is that meaning of a passage which is deduced from the circumstances of time, place, &c., under which it was written . ^ Hi.^toeically, his-tor'-e-kal-le, ad In the manner o( hi-^tory , according to history ; by way of naiTauiiii B.ieT 0 RiFt,t his-to?-e-Jl, v.a. To relate; to record Ir bistory. HISTOEIOGEAPHER [ 484 ] HOOK-TIDE niSToaioaRAi-nBa. hii-to-re-og'~r&-ferf s. An lusto- rian; a writer of history; an officer employed to write ^ the history of a prince or state. UisToaioGRAPHJCAL, his-to-re-o-graf'-C'kal,^. Relating to historiiigraphv. fiisToaioGRAPHY, his-to-re-og'-rd-fc, s. The art or em- ployiuent of an historian. /liSTORioLooT 4 his-to-re-ol'‘ 0 -^‘e,&. A discourse on his¬ tory, or the knowledge of history. iTisTORT, his'-tur-e, s. An account of facts, particularly respecting nations or states ; a narration of events in the order in which they happened, with their causes and effects; narration ; verbal relation of facts or events ; an account of thing;s that exist, or the origin, life, and actions of an individual person. History -PIECE, hi^-tur-e-peesCf s. A representation of any real event in painting. TTistrion,^ hiy-tre-un, s. A player. JIiSTRiONic, Ats-ire-on'-tA, la. Pertaining to lIisTRioNicAL, his-tre-on-e-half j stage playing ; theatrical. Histrionic ALLY, his-tre-on'-e-kal-le, ad. In the manner of a stage-player. Histrionism, h%^-tre-un-izm, s. The acts or practice of buffoons or pantomimes ; stage-playing. Hit, hit, v.a.; pret. and pp. Hit To strike or touch, either with or without force ; to reach: to attain to; to suit; to be conformable.—To hit off, to strike out; to represent or describe exactly. —• v.n. To strike; to meet or come in contact; to clash; to reach the intended point; to succeed.—2b hit on, to light on ; to come to or fall on by cbance. — 8 A striking against; the collision of one body against another ; a lucky chance ; a fortunate event. Hitch, hitch, v.n. To move by jerks, or with stops ; to become entangled ; to hop ; $ to move or walk. — v.a. To hook; to catch, by a book; to fasten by hitching. — 8. A catch ; anything that holds; a stop or sudden halt in walking or moving.—In seamen's language, a knot or noose m a rope for fastening it to a ring or other object. lliTCHiNQ, hitcK'^ing, s. A fastening in a harness. Kithe, hithe, s. Aport or small haven. llvTB.Y.K, hith'-er, ad. To this place; used with verbs signifying motion.— Hither and thither^ to this place and that; to this end. — a. Nearest; toward the person speaking. Hithermost, hith'-er-most, a. Nearest on tliis side. Hitherto, ad. To this time; yet; in any time or every lime till now; in time preceding the present; to this place ; to a prescribed limit. Hitherward, hith*-er~wawrd, ad. Tliis way; toward this place. Hittite, hif-tite, s. A descendant of Heth. Hive, hive, s. A box, chest, or kind of basket for a swarm of honey-bees; a swarm of bees, or the bees inhabiting a hive; a company or society together, or closely connected. — v.a. To collect into a hive; to cause to enter a hive. — v.n. To take shelter or lodgings together; to reside lu a collective body. Hive-bee, hive'-be, s. A bee that keeps in the hive. Kiveless^ hive’-lcs, a. Destitute or a hive. Hiver, hx'-ver, s. One who collects bees into a hive. Hives, hives, s. A disease, the croup, or rattles. Hivites, hi'-vites, s. People descended from Canaan. Hizz, hiz, v.n. See Hiss. Ho, hwo, inteij. A word used by teamsters to stop theii'" teams. Ho, Ao, linterj. A call to excite attention, or tc Hoi, ho' -A, / give notice of approach. Hoar, hore, a. White ; grey; white with age ; hoarr $ mouldy; musty. — s. Hoariness ; antiquity. v.n. To become mouldy or musty. Hoar-frost, hore'-frost, 8. The white particles of frozen dew. Hoar-stone, hor/stone, s. A landmark; a stone desig¬ nating the bounds of an estate. Hoard, hoax'd, s. A store, stock, or large quantity of anything accumulated or laid up ; a hidden stock ; a treasure; a fence enclosing a house and materials while builders are at work. — v.a. To collect and layup a large quantity of any- Tiungj to amass and deposit in secret; to store Hoard, v.n. To coUect and form a hoard; to store up. Hoarded, Aoerd'-ed, pp. or a. Collected and laid up in store. Hoarder, hoard'-er, s. One who lays up in. store ; on® who accumulates and keeps in secret. Hoarding, hoard'-ing, ppr. or a. Instinctively col¬ lecting and laying up provisions for winter. — 8. A laying up in store. Hoared, hore'd, a. Mouldy , musty. Hoarhound, hore'-hownd, s. The name of a plant of bitter taste, much used as a tonic. Hoarikess, ho'-re-nes, s. The state of being white, whitish, or grey. Hoarse, hoarse, a. Having a harsh, rough, grating voice, as when affected with a cold; rough; grating; discordant. Hoarsely, hoars^-le, ad. With a rough, hai’sh, grating voice or sound. Hoarseness, hoarsef-nes, s. Harshness or roughness of ^voice or sound; preternatural asperity of voice. E^arse-soundinq, hoarse'-sownd-ing, a. Making a . harsh sound. HToary, ho'-re, a. White or whitish, or grey with age ' mouldy; mossy.—In botany, greyish white, caused by very short dense hairs covering the surface. Hoax, hokes, s. Something done for deception or mock¬ ery ; a trick played off in sport. ^ v.a. To deceive ; to play a trick upon for sport, or without malice. Hoaxed, hokes'd, pp. of the verb to hoax. Hoaxer, hokes'-er, s. One who hoaxes or deceives. {Colloq.) Hob, Ado, 1 s. The nave of a wheel; a solid piece of Hdb, huh,) timber in which the spokes are inserted. Hob^ hob. s. The flat part of a grate at the side, where things are placed to be kept warm ; t a clown ; a fairy. Hob-like, t Jiolf-like, a. Clownish ; boorish. Hobbism, hol/-bizm, 8. The principles of the sceptical Thomas Hobbes. Hobbist, hoV-bist, s. A follower of Hobbes, the sceptic. Hobble, hob'bl^ v.n. To walk lamely, bearing chiefly on one leg; to limp; to walk with a hitch or hop, or with emtehes; to walk awkwardly; to move roughly or iiTegulaiiy. — v.a. To perplex. — s. All unequal, halting gait; an encumbered, awk¬ ward step ; difficulty ; perplexity. Hobble-de-hoy, hob'bl-de-hoy, s. A stripling , a cant phrase for a boy between fourteen and twenty-one. Hobbler, hob'bler, s. One who hobbles; one who by his tenure was to maintaiu a hobby for military service. Hobbling, hob'blmg, ppr. or a. 'Walking with a halt¬ ing or interiniptcd step. Hobblingly, hob'bling-le, ad. “With a limping or in¬ terrupted step. Hobby, hol/-he, s. A species of falcon, extremelvactive, and formerly ti*ained for hawking; a strong active horse, of a middle size; a nag; a pacing horse; a stick, or figure of a horse, on which boys ride; any favourite object; that which a person pursues with zeal or delight; a stupid folloM'. Hobby-horse, hob'-he-norse, s. A hobby; a wooden horse on which boys ride ; a stupid or foolish person tlie favourite object of pursuit. Hobgoblin, hob'-gob-lin, s. A fairy; a frightful appa¬ rition . Hobiler, hob'-e-ler, s. A feudal tenant bound to serve as a light-horseman or bowman ; the same as hobblei'. Hobit, ho'-bit, 8. A small mortar, or short gun. Hoblike, hoh'-like, a. Boorish : clo'miish. Hobnail, s. A nail with a thick, strong head, such as is used for shoeing horses; a clownish person. Hobnailed, hob'-nayld, a. Set with hobnails ; rough. 'Hobnob, hob'-noh, ad. Take or not take ; a familiar call to reciprocal drinking. Hobson’s Choice, hob'-suns tchoyse, 8. A vulgar pn)- verbial expression, denoting a choice in which there is no alternative. Hock, hok, s. The joint of an animal between the knee and the fetlock ; a part of the thigh. Hock, hok, To hamstring ; to disable by cut- Hockle, hok'kl, j ting the tendons of the ham. Hock, A highly esteemed llhenish wine, of i l%ht yelJc vish colour. HooKAMoaE4 kok'-&-more, 8. A Khenish wfne. Hock-day, hok!-da, ) s. High day ; a dav of fcaatin.g Hock -TIDE. ) and inirtf>. formerly In-id fr HOCKED t 4S5 ] HOLLA England, to celebrate the destruction of the Danes by Ethelred. Hocked, hokt, pp. of the verb to hock. Hockey, ho^^-e, s. Harvest-home; a game at ball, played with a club which is curved at the bottom. Hockherb, hok'-erb, 8. A plant^ the mallows. Hockle, hok'kl, v.a. To hamstrmg ; to mow. Hocus Focus, 8. Ajuggierj a juggler’s trick ; a cheat used by conjurers, v.a. To cheat. iloD^ hod, 8. A kind of tray for carrying mortar and bnck on the shoulder. fioDDEN-oREY, kod'n-gray, s. Cloth made of wool in its natural state; without being dyed. Hoddy -doddy,+ hod'-e-dod'-e, s. An awkward or foolish person. Hodge-podg®, hodj'-podj, 1 s. A mixed mass; a medley "KoTcu-TOTC^yhotch'-potch, j of ingredients. Hodgb-pudding, hodf-pud-ding, s. A pudding in which there is a medley of ingredients. Hodiernal, ho-de-er'-naly a. Belonging to the present day. Hodman, hod'-man, s. A man who carries a hod. Hodmandod, hod'-man-dod, s. A shell-fish; a shell- snail. Hoe, ftOjS. An instrument for cutting up weeds and loosening the earth in fields and gardens. — v.a. To' cut, dig, scrape, or clean with a hoe; to clear from weeds. — v.n. To use a hoe. Hoe-cake, ho'-kakcy s. A cake of Indian meal baked before the fire. Hoeing, ho'-ing, s. The act of scraping or digging with a hoe. HopuLjJ ho'-ful, a. Careful. Hog, hog, s. A swine ; a general name of that species of animal; a castrated sheep or a bullock of a year old; a brutal fellow ; one who is mean and filthy.— Among seamen, a sort of scrubbing-broom for scrap¬ ing a ship’s bottom under water. — v.a. To scrape a ship’s bottom under water; to carry on the back; to cut the hair short. v.n. To bend, so as to resemble a hog’s back. Hogaster, hog'-as-ter, s. A little hog; also a little sheep. Hogcote, 8. A shed or house for swine; a stye. Hogg, hog, s. A young sheep that has not been shorn. Hoggerel, hog'-grel, s. A sheep of the second year; a two-year old ewe. Hogger-pump, hoif -ger-pump, 9. The top pump in the sinking pit of a mine. Hogoers, hog'-gers, s. Stockings worn by coal-minera when at work. Hogget, hog'-get, s. A sheep two years old; a colt of a year old ; a young boar of the second year. Hoggish, hog'-gish, a. Having the qualities of a hog ; brutish ; gluttonous ; filthy ; meanly selfish. Hoggishly, ad. In a brutish, gluttonous, or filthy manner. Hoggishness, ho^-gish-nes, 8. Brutishness; voracious greediness in eating ; beastly filthiness; mean selfish¬ ness. HoGH,$^o,e. A hill; a cliff. Hog-herd, hng'-herd, s. A keeper of swine. Hogo, ho'-go, s. High fiavour ; strong scent. Hog-pen, hog'-pen, s. A hog-stye. Hog-plum, 8. A tropical tree and its fruit, which is somewhat like the common plums, but chiefly eaten by hogs. Hog-reeve^ hog'-reeve^ s. A parish officer in some of the colonies, who adjudicates the trespasses of s'wmo. Hog-ringer, Ao/-rm^-er, 8. One whose business is to put rings in the snouts of swine. Hog’s-bean, hogz'-been, s. A plant, the henbane. Hog’s-fennel, hogz'-fen-nel, s. A plant of the genus peucedanum. Hogshead, hogz'-hed, a. A measure of capacity, con¬ taining 63 wine gallons, or about 62J imperial gallons; a large cask. Hog-skin, ho^-skin, a. Tanned leather made of the skins of ewine. Hoo’s-mushrooms, hogTf-mush-rutncs, a. A plant. Hog-btbbr, hog:-steer, a. A wild boar of three years old. Hogbtye, hog^-sH, a. A house or an enclosure for hogs, Hogwash, ho^-wash, a. Swill; the refuse matter of a kitchen for swine. tfoiDKN, hoy'dn, =. A rude bold girl; a romo ; a rude Hoiden, a. Rude ; bold ; inelegant; rustic. — v.n. To romp rudely or indecently. Hoidenhood, hoy'dn-hood, g. State of being a hoiden rompisliness. Hoidenish, hoy'dn-ish, a. Having the manners of i hoiden. Hoist, hoyst, v.a. To raise ; to Lift; to heave. — 8. In marine language, the perpendicidar iu-iglit of a flag or sail. Hoisted, hoy^-ted, pp. of the verb to hoist. Hoit, hoyt, v.n. To leap ; to caper. Hoity Toity , hoy'-te toy'-te. An e.Yclaination, denoting surprise or disapprobation, with some degree of con tempt. Hold, hoald, v.a.; pret. Held ; pp. Held ; Holden is obsolete. To stop; to confine; to rcsti’ain froni escape; to detain; to keep fast; to keep from running or flowing out; to defend; to keep possession; t;i maintain ; to observe in practice ; to last; to endure. — To hold forth, to offer; to exhibit; to propose.—VV< hold in, to restrain; to curb.— To hold off, to keep at a distance.— To hold on, to continue or proceed in.—7’f> hold outj to extend ; to stretch forth.— To hold over, to remain in after one’s term has expired.— To hoi A up, to raise ; to sustain. — I'o hold one’s own, to keep good one’s present condition. — v.n. To be true ; not to fail; to stand ; to continue unbroken or unsubdued; to last: to endure; to be firm; not to give way.— To hold forth, to speak in public; to harangue ; to preach ; to proclaim.—To hold in, to restrain one’s self.— To hold off, to keep at a distance. — To hold of, to derive title from.—To hold on, to keep fast hold; to cling to.—To hold out, to last; to endure ; to continue ; not to surrender.—To hold to, to cling or cleave to ; to adhere.—To hold under, or from^ to have title from.—To hold with^ to adhere to ; to side with —To hold together, to be joined ; to remain in union. —To hold up, to support one’s self; to cease; to con¬ tinue the same speed.—To hold a wager, to lay, to stake, or to hazard a wager.— Hold, used imperatively, signifies stop; cease; forbear; be still. — s. A grasp with the hand; an embrace with the arms; something which may be seized for support; that which supports ; power of keeping or seizing; a lace of confineuient; custody; safe keeping; a forti- od place ; a fort; a castle ; the whole intenor cavity of a ship, between the floor and the lower deck.-^ In music, a mark directing the performer to rest on the note over which it ia placed. Holdback, hoald'-bak, a. Check; hindrance; re straint. Holder, s. One who holds or grasps In his hand, or embraces with his arms ; a tenant; one who holds land under another; something by which a tiling is held ; one who owns or possesses.—In ships. one who is employed in the hold. Holder-forth, hoald'-er-forth, s. A haranguer; a preacher. Holdfast, hoald'-fast, s. A general name of varioui contrivances for securing and holding things in their places, as a long flat-headed nail, a catch, a book, &c. Holding, hoald'-ing, s. A tenure; a farm held of » superior ; the burden or chorus of a sung. Hole, hole, s. A hollow place or cavity in any solid body, of any shape or dimensions, natural or arti¬ ficial; a concavity, aperture, or excavation; an opening in or through a solid body; a mean habita¬ tion ; a subterfuge; the armpit- — v.n. To go into a hole. — v.a. To cut, dig, or make a hole or holes in; to driv* into a bag, as in billiards. Holibut, See Halibut. Holidam, hoV-e-dam, s. Blessed lady. Holiday, s. A day set apart for commem rating some important event in history; a festival; day of amusement. — a. Pertaining to a festival. Holily, ad. Piously; with sanctity: sacredly. Holiness, ho'-le-nes, s. State of being holy; piety, devotion, or sanctity; purity or integrity of rnoi’^ character; freedom from sin ; puiity of heart or dis¬ positions ; sanctifleft affections; moral goodness; a title of the pope. Holino-axb, B. A narrow axe for cuttinji holes in posts. Holla, hor-l&, or Hollo, hol-lo', inteij. A word uJ:. d for c^ing to anv one at a distance — v.n. To call oul loudly. HOiiLA, or Hollo [ 43G ] HOMEWAED-SOUHD Holla, or Hollo, s. A loud shout; halloo. Holland, hoV-landy s. Fine linen, first manufactured in Holland. lloLi.AN oEu, hol'-land-er, s. A native of Holland. HoLi.ANiiisH, hol'-la7i(l-ishf a. Like Holland. lloLi.ANDs, 8- A term for {fin made in Hol¬ land TIoli.k.n, hoV-len See Rollt. Hollo'’-, hol'-lo, a. Containing an empty space; con¬ cave, vneaiil, or empty , not solid, sunk deep in the orbit; deep , not sincere or faitliful ; not sound. — B :\ cavity, natural or artificial; any depression of surface in a L'ody ; a place excavated ; a cave or caviTii , a den . a hole; a broad open space in any- tliing , open space of anytliing ; a groove ; a channel. — v.a. To make holloAv, as by digging, cutting, or engraving , to excavaite- Hollowed, hol'-loed, pp. or a. Made hollow; exca¬ vated. TIollow-eyed, hol'-lo-tde, a. Having sunken eyes. Hoi.low-uearted, hol'-lo-hd)''-ted, a. Not sound and true ; of practice or sentiment di^ering from profes¬ sion ; faithless; insincere. Hollowly, ad. Insincerely; deceitfully. Hollo wNrss,8. The state of being hollow; cavity; depres.sion of surface; excavation. XloLLow-nooT, hol’-lo-rootf s. A small plant, the tuber¬ ous moscJiutel. Hollow-spar, hoV-lo-si>ar, s. The mineral called chiastolite. HoLLow-sauAiiK, hol'-lO’Sqnare, 8. A body of foot sol- diei's di-aw'n up to receive the charge of cavalry, having an empty space in the middle to receive the officers, artillerymen, &c., and protected on all sides by a line of bayonets. Hollow-ware, hol'-lo-toare^ 8. A general name.given to various ai’ticles, such as cast-irou kitchen utensils, earthenware, ^:c. *' Holly, hol'-le, s. The holm-tree, of the genus *7eaj, an evergreen shrub or tree, of slow growtli, with prickly leaves and scarlet or yellow berries; the holm oak. Hollyhock, kol'-le-hok, a. A well-known flowering plant of the genus aitheea. Holly-rose, hol'-le-roze, s. A scentless plant. Holm, hoabn, 8. The evergreen oak; the ilex; a low flat tract of rich land on the banks of a river. HoLMrTE4 hoahn’-ite, s. A variety of carbonate of lime. Holocacsi , hoV-o-kawat, s. A burnt sacrifice or offering, of wluch the whole was consumed by fire. Hologr.aph, hoi'-o-gi'af, s. A deed or testament, written wholly by the grantor's or testator’s o\vn liand. Holographic, liol-o-graf-ili. a. 'Written wholly by the grantor or testator himself. lIoLOHEDRAL, hol-o-he'-drul, a. In mineralogy, a term applied to a crystal with all the similar edges or angles similajiy replaced. Holomei'er, ho-lo7n'-e-tcr,B. An Instrument for taldng all kinds of measures ; a pantometer. Holophanerous, hol-o-/an'-e-rus, a. An epithet applied by Latreille to the metamorphosis of insects when complete and entire. Holosericeocb, ho-lo-se-rish'-e-uSf a. "Wholly covered M'ith silky down. IIoLP, holp, 1 Tlie antiquated pret. and pp. of Kolpen, holp'n, } Help. Holster, hole'-ster, s. A leathcm case for a pistol, carried by a horsejnnn. Holstered, hole'-sierd, a. Bearing holsters. lloi/f, hoalt, s. A wood or woodland. Hol^ , ho'-le, a. Pure in heart, temper, or dispositions ; free from sin and sinful affcciions; sot apart to a sacred use; sacred; divine; sanctiiiMd.—Holy o/holies, in Smj-ture, the innennoat apartment of the Jewish tnberuaele or teinpie, w hert-the arU was kept.—He/?/ Ohosf. or H'dy Spirit, the Divine Spirit, the third peison in the Trinity.—i/e/i/ war, a war undertaken to rescue the Holy T,and from the Infidels, a crusade.— Ho y Thursday, the day on wliich the ascension ol our Saviour is coninipinoruted, ten days before Whitsun¬ tide.—//'>/{/-in the (rreek arid Roman Catholic churvhc'^. walor which has been conseiTuted by the prm>r lo sjuinklfc the faithful, &c.—Hoiy week, the Wf-elv before Kaster, in wliich the passion of our Saviour is commemorated.-i/o/y Writ, the sacred Scriptures Holt-Day, ho'-le-dny, s. A religi.-us festival; a day kept sacred, ns Rumlay, Cluistmts, and Good Friday. 'a. LeiUting a lioliiay. Holt-opficb, h(/-U-of-Jiee, 8. A name for the Inqui¬ sition. Holt One, s. An appellation of the Supreme Being, by way of emphasis. Holt-rood, ho'-le-rood, s. The cross or crucifix, pir- ticularly one placed in Roman Catholic churches, o ler the entrance of the chancel. Holy-THISTLE, ho'-le-this'l, 8. A plant of the genu? centaurea. Homage, hom'-qje, s. In feudal law, the siibmLss'on, loyalty, and service which a tenant promised to hi.? lord or superior.—The act of fealty ; obeisance; respect paid by external action; rcY’^erence directed to the Supreme Being; reverential worship; devout atfee • tion. — v.a. To pay respect to by external action ; to give reverence to; to profess fealty. Homaqeable, hom'-aje-d-bl, a. Subject to homage. Homager, hotn'-d-jer, s. One Yvho does homage, or holds land of another by homage. Home, 8 . A dwelling-house; the house or place in which one resides; the grave; the present state of existence.—At home, at one’s own house or lodgings. —To be at home, to be conversant with what is fami¬ liar. — a. Pertaining to one’s dwelling or country; domestic, as home manufactures; close; severe ; poignant, as a home thrust. — ad. To one’s own habitation, or country. Home-bound, home'-bownd, a. Bound towards home. Home-born, home'-baivrn, a. Native; natural; do¬ mestic ; not foreigit. Home-bred, Aotue'-ored, a. Native; natural; originating at home ; not foreij’n; uncultivated. Home-built, home'-bilt^ a. Built in our OYvn country. Home-driven, home-drvv'n, a. Driven home, as a blow; di'iven closely. Ho.me-dwellxng, a. Dwelling at home. Home-felt, horned-felt, a. Felt in one’s own breast; inward; private. Home-keej'ng, homef-keep-ing, a. Staying at home; not gadding. Homeless, hom^-les, a. Destitute of a home. Homelily, Aoray-Ze-Zt?, ad. Rudely; inelegantly. Homeliness, home'-le-nes, s. PlainneBS of futures, want of beauty ; rudeness; coarseness. Homelot, home'-lot, s. An inclosure on or near wliich the mansion-house stands. ' Homely, feome'-Zt', a. Dome.stic; of plain features; not handsome ; not tine or elegant. —t ad. Plainly ; rudely; cotirsely. Home-made, home'-made, a. Made at home; being of domestic manufacture. Homeopathic, ho-me-o path'-ik, a. Pertaining or be¬ longing to homeopathy. Homeopathically, ho-vie-o-path'-e-kal-le, ad. In the method of homeopathy. Homeopathist, ho-me-op'-i\-thist, s. A believer in homeopathy. Homeopathy, ho-me-op'-h-the, e. The theory of cui'ing diseases with very minute doses of medicine, by pro¬ ducing affections similar to those of the disease. Homer, ho'-mer, 1 s. A Hebrew measiu*e, containing. Chomer, ko'-mer, j as a liquid measure, ten batha, ana as a dry measure, ten ephahs. Homeric, ho-mer'-ik, a. Pertaining to Homer, or to his poetry; resembling Homer’s verse. Home-sick, home'-sik, a. Depressed in spirits, oi grieved at a separation from home. Home-sickness, hom^-sik-nes, s. In medicine, depres¬ sion of spirits occasioned by a separation from one’s home or country. Home-spkaking, nomtf-speek-ing, s. Forcible and effica¬ cious speaking. Homlspi n, a. Spun or wrought at home; of domestic manufacture ; not made in foreign coun¬ tries , plain , coarse ; not elegant, as a proverb. — 8. Cloth made at home a coarse, unpolished, rustic peiBon. Homestall, I 8 . The place of a mansion- Homestbad. home’-8ted, j house ; the inclosure or ground inimcdiateiy connected with the mansion ; original station or place of residence. Homeward, home'-wawrd, n.'l. Toward home; toward one's habitation or country. Homeward-bound, horned-wawrd-oownd, a. Bound or directing the course homeward, or to one's nativf laud. HOMICIDAL [ 487 ] HOOD iioMiciDAL, hom-e-si'-dal, a. Pertaining to homicide ; murderous; bloodj^. Homicide, hom'-e-swe, s. The killing of one man or liuman being by another. It is of three kinds,— jms- tijiable, excusable, and felo7iious. —A manslayer. Homiletical, hoyn-e-lef-e-kal, a. Pertaining to homi¬ letics ; t social. Homiletics, hom-e-lef'-iks, 8. The science which teaches the principles of adapting the discourses of the pulpit to the spiritual benefit of the hearers. Homilist, horn’-e-list, s. One who preaches to a con¬ gregation. Homily, hom'-e-le, s. A sermon.—The Book of Kotnilies is a collection of plain sermons, prepared at the time of the Reformation. Hominy, honi'-e-ne, s. Maize hulled and broken, repared for food by being mixed with water and oiled. Hommock, hom'-mok, s. A hillock or small eminence of a conical form, sometimes covered with trees. Homo, hu'-mo, s. In zoology, man, constituting the class and only genus and species of the order Bimaua. Homocentric, hom-o-sen'-trik, a. Having the same centre. Homceopathy. See Homeopathy, &c. Homogamous, ho-mog'-d-mns, a. In botany, having the same essential parts of fi’uctification. Homogeneal, ho-mo-je^-ne-al^ ) a. Of the same kind Homogeneous^ ho-mo-j^-ne-us, | or nature; consist¬ ing of similar parts, or of elements of the like nature. Homogeneity, ho-mo-je-ne'-e-te, ) s. Sameness Homogeneousness, ho-mo-j^-ne-us-nes, j of kind or nature. Homogen Y, ho-mof-e-ne, s. Joint nature. Homoioptoton, ho-moy-op'-to-ton,s. A figure in rhetoric in which several parts of the sentence end with the same case or a tense of like sound. Homoiousian, ho-inoy-oo'-she-an, s. or a. In Church his¬ tory, a term applied to the Arians, who held that the Son was like the Pather in essence, hut not the same. Homologate, ho-moV-o-gate, v.a. To approve; to allow. Homological, ho-mo-loj'-e-kal, a. Pertaining to homo¬ logy. Homologous, ho-moV-o-gus, a. Having the same ratio or proportion. Homology. ho-mol'-o-Je, s. Affinity depending on struc¬ ture, ana not on similarity of form or use. Homonym, hom'-o-iiim, s. A term> applied to words which are the same in sound, but differ in sig¬ nification. Homonymous, Ao-moM'-e-wiMS,a. Equivocal; ambiguous; that has different significations. Homonymously, ho-mon'-e-mus-le, ad. In an equivocal manner. Homonymy, 8. Sameness between words wiiich diner in signification ; ambiguity. Homoousian. See Homoiousian. Homophone, hom'-o-fone, s. A term applied to letters or characters which represent the same sound. IIoMOPHONous, ho-mof'-o-nus, a. Having the same sound. IIomophony, ho-mof'-o-ne, s. Sameness of sound. IEomotonous, ho-mof’O-nus, a. Equable; of the same tenor. Homotropal, hom-of-ro-pal, a. In botany, a term ap¬ plied to bodies denoting that they have the same direction as the body to which they belong. Hone, hone, s. A stone of a fine grit, used for sharp¬ ening instruments. — v.a. To rub and sharpen on a hone. — v.n. To pine ; to long. Hone-wort, hone^-wurt, s. An umbelliferous plant, of the genus sison. Honest, on'-est, a. Pair in dealing with others; dis¬ posed to act with fairness; just and upright; free from fraud; unreserved; unimpeached; honourable, or suitable ; chaste ; faithful. —% v.a. To adorn; to grace. Honestate,^ on'-es-tate, v.a. To honour. Hone8tation,4; on-es-ta-shun, s. Adornment; grace. Honestly, 07i'-e?i-Ze, ad. With integi’ity and fairness; without fraud or disguise ; according to truth ; chastely. Honesty, on'-es-te, 8. An upright disposition ; moral rectitude of heart; integrity, faithfulness, or liuimur; conformity to justice and correct principles; truth frank sincerity; a flowering herb of the genus limaria. Honey, hun'-e,s. A sweet juice, collected by bees from the flowers of plants; sweetness; lusciousness; a word of tenderness ; sweet one. Money has a variety of compounds ; as, Honey-bag, the receptacle for honey in a hbney-bee.— Money-comO, a substance formed by bees into cells for repositories of honey ; a terra applied to the flaws ui imperfectly cast guns.— Money-dew, a saccharine substance, found on tlie leaves of trees and other plants,.—Money-Jiower, an evergreen shrub from the Cape of Good Hope, whose blossoms attract beea.—Money-gnaf ,an insect.—Houey- gnide, a species of cuckoo iu Africa, whicli. by its motions and cries, points out tlie nests of bees.— Money-harvest, honey collected.— Money-locust, a North American tree, armed with thorns, and having wood resembling that of the locust.— Money-moon, the first month after marriage.—soft or smooth in speech. — Money-stalk, clover-fiower.— Money-suckte, a name of certain shrubby vines, in¬ cluding the w'oodbine, celebrated for the beauty and fragrance of their dowevs.—Money-sweet, sweet as honej.—Honey-to7igucd, using soft speech.— Hotiey- a European plant with floweiM very attractive to bees. — v.a. To sweeten. —+ v.n. To talk fondly. Honeyed, hun'-id, a. Covered with honey ; sweet. Honeyedness, hun'-id-nes, s. Sweetness ; allurement. Moneyless, hun’-e-les, a. Destitute of honey. Hong, hoyig, s. The Chinese name for large factories al Canton, a hong merchant being a Chinese authorize to frade with these hongs. Honor. See Honour. Honorarium, s. A recompense or fee offered to professors in universities, and to medical or other professional gentlemen for their services. Honorary, ho7i’-o-rd-re,a. ConfeiTing honour, or in¬ tended merely to confer honour ; possessing a title or place without performing services, or receiving a re¬ ward. Honour, on*-ur, 8. The esteem or regard due to super- eminent worth; high estimation or praise; a testi¬ mony of esteem ; any expression of respect or of high estimation by words or actions ; dignity ; exalted rank or place ; distinction ; fame ; reverence ; vene¬ ration ; reputation; good name; true nobleness of mind; magnanimity ; privileges of rank or birth ; a noble kind of seignory or lordship, held of the king in capite. — Moyiours, in the four higliest cards. — Honours o/tear,distinctions granted to a vanquished enemy; the compliments paid to great personages when they appear before an armed body of men.— TIpon my honour, words accompanying a declaration which pledges one’s honour tor the tnitb of it.— Laws of honour, certain rules and regulations which prevail in fashionable society. — v.a. To respect; to venerate or revere; to dignify; to raise to distinction; to exalt.—In commerce, to accept and pay when due, as a draft. Honourable, on'-ur-d-bl, a. Holding a distinguished rank in society; illustrious or noble; actuated by principles of honour: confeiTing honour; consistent with honour or reputation; without liypocrisy or de¬ ceit; worthy of respect; becoming men of rank and character. Honourableness, on'-ur-d-bl-nes, s. The state of being honourable; distinction; conformity to the principles of honour or moral rectitude. Honourably, on'-ur-d-ble, ad. With tokens of honour or respect; with a noble spirit or purpose; without reproach; magnanimously. Honoured, on'-urd, pp. or a. Respected; revered, elevated to rank or office; dignified. Honourer, on'-ur-er, s. One who reveres, reverences, or regards with respect; one who confers honours ■ on deserving worth.. Honouring, on'-ur-iyig, s. The act of giving honour. Honourless, on'-ur-les, a. Destitute of honour; not honoured. Honour-point, on'-ur-poynt, 8. In heraldry, the point immediately above the centre of the shield which divides the upper portion into two equal parts. Hooboballi, Aoo-6o6'-ai-l«, 8. A fine close I'raiju-d wood of Guiana. Hood, hood, s. A covering for the head UM‘d by (emales EOOD [ 488 ] HOSE a cowl; anything to be drawn over the head to cover it; an ornamental fold that hangs down the back of a graduate lo mark his degree; the cover of a pump; a voung seal. , Hood, v.a. To dress in a hood or cowl; to put on a hood ; to cover ; to blind. Hooded, hood'-ed, pp. or a. Covered with a hood; blinded.—In botany^ hollowed in the form of a hood.— The hooded-willoiv herb is the name of the perennial plant Scutellaria ori€7italis. Hooding , hood'-ing. 8 . The act of covering with a hood. —In carpeiitry, hooding-ends are the ends of planks which tit into the rabbets of the stem and stem posts. JlooDLEss hood'-leSf B.. Having no hood. Hoodman Hi.ind, bhud,s. A play, in which a person blinded is to catch another and teU his name; blind-man’s buff. Hoodwink, hood'-wink, v.a. To blmd by covering the eyes; to cover ; to hide; to deceive by external ap¬ pearances or disguise ; to im'^, ise on. Hoodwinked, hood'-winkt, pp. Oi the verb to hoodwink. Hoof, hoof, 8. The horny substance that covers or ter¬ minates the feet of certain animals; an animal; a beast. — Y.n. To walk, as cattle. Hoof-bound, hoof'-boiond, a. In farriei'y, applied to a pain in the fore-feet of a horse, occasioned by the dry¬ ness and contraction of the horn of the quarters. Hoofed, hooft, a. Furnished with hoofs. Hoopless, hoof'-les, a. Destitute of hoofs. Hoof-tread, hoof'-tred, s. The tread of a hoof; a track. Hoohoo, hoo'-hoo, 8. A piece of checked cotton used in the African trade. Hook, hook, s. A piece of iron or other metal bent into a curve for catclung, holding, and sustaining anything ; a snare ; a trap ; a curved instrument for cutting grass or grain ; a sickle ; that part of a hinge which is fixed or inserted in a post: a forked timber in a ship, placed on the keel.—.By hook and by crook, one way or other ; by any means, direct or indirect. •—v.a. To catch with a hook; to seize and draw, as with a hook; to entrap; to ensnare; to draw by force or artifice. — v.n. To bend ; to be curving. Hookah, hook'-'d, s. A Tm-kish pipe, in which the smoke is made to pass through w'ater. Hooked, hookt, pp. or a. Bent into the form of a hook ; caught or fastened with a hook. Hook-nosed, hook-noze'd, a. Having a curvated or aquiline nose. ^ Hookedness, hooW-ed-nssus, A state of being bent like a hook. S Hook-pin, hook'-piii, % ^ carpenter’s tool. Hooky, hook'-e, a. Full of hooks ; periainuig to hooks. Hoop, hoop, s- ;and of wood or metai u.aed to con¬ fine the staves of casks, tubs, &c.; a circular piece of whalebone or cane used by females to extend their petticoats, a farthingale {see Crinoline); a shout; a measure.— Jloop-ash, a North American tree, the CelHs crassifolia.—Hoop-pole, a small young tree, cut for making hoops.— Hoop-withy, the name of a plant. — v.a. To bind or fasten with hoops; to clasp; to drive with a shout or cry. — v.n. To shout; to utter a loud cry. Hooper, hoop'-er, 8. One Who hoops casks or tubs; a cooper. Hooping-cough, hooj/-ing-kawf, s. A cough in which the patient hoops or whoops, with a deep inspiration of breath. Hoopoo, hoof/-oo, 8. A bird of the genus upupa. Hoop-tongs, hoop'-tongs, s.pl. Implements used in forging. JIooT, hoot, v.n. To cry out or shout in contempt; to c\y, as an owl. — v.a. To diive with cries or shouts uttered in contempt. — s. A crv or shout in contempt. Hooting, hoot'-ing, s. A shouting in contempt; the cry of an owl. Hoove, kcov, s. A disease in cattle, consisting in an excessive infiation of the stomach by gas. Hop, hop, v.n. To leap or spring on one leg; to skip; to limp ; to halt; to frisk about; to dance. B. A leap on one leg ; ajump; a spring; a dance.—A bitter plant, much used in brew ing, from which the foiUiwing are compounds:— Hop-hind, the stalk or Tine on which hops grow.—orra<, a kiln for dry ing hops.— Hop-picker, one who pickfj liops.—iloa pole, a pole used to support \iops.—Hop-vine, ti?? stalk of hops.—ITop-yard, a field or inclosure where hops are raised. Hop. v.a. To impregnate with hops. Hop-back, hop'-bak, s. A brewer’s vessel. Hop-bag, hop'-bag, s. A coarse heavy bag for hops. Hope, hope, 8. A desire of some good, accompanied with expectation of obtaining it; confidence in a future event; the highest degree of well-founded expectation of good,; anticipation ; trust. • v.n. To cherish a desire of good, with some expecta¬ tion of obtaining it; to place confidence in. — v.a. To desire with expectation of good, or a belief that it may be obtained. Hope-deserted, hope'-de-zer'-ted, a. Deserted by hope > hopeless. Hopeful, hope'-ful, a. Having qualities which excite hope ; ruU of hope or desire. Hopefully, hopef-jul-le, ad. In a manner to raise hope. Hopefulness, nope-/wZ-Jies, 8. Promise of good; ground to expect what is desirable. Hopeite, ho'-pite, 8. A mineral crystallized in sided prisms, so called from Dr. Hope, of Edinburgh. Hopeless, hopt^-les, a. Destitute of hope; having no expectation of that which is desirable ; desponding. Hopelessly, ad. "Without hope. Hopelessness, Aope'-Zes-7ies, 8. A State of being despe¬ rate, or affording no hope. Hoper, ho’-per, s. One who hopes. Hopingly, ho'-ping-le,B.^. With hope or desii^ of good. Hopper, hop/-per, s. One who hops or leaps on one leg; a wooden trough or funnel, through which gram passes into a mill; a vessel in which seed-corn is car¬ ried for sowing.—In the glass trade, a conical vessel suspended from the ceiling, containing sand and water for the use of the cutter. Hopper-boy, hop'-per-boy,%. In mills, b. rake moving in a circle, to draw the meal over an opening through which it falls. Hoppers, hop’-perz, s. A play, in which persons hop or leap on one leg. Hopping, hopf-ping, 8. A leaping on one leg ; a spring¬ ing, frisking, or dancing ; a gathering of hops. Hopple, hop'pl, v.a. To tie the feet near together, to prevent leaping. Hopples, Aop'pZz, s.pl. Fetters for horses or other ani¬ mals when turned out to graze. Hoppo, hop’-po, 8. In China,9. collector; an overseer of commerce. Hopscotch, hop/skotch, s. A play among boys. Horal, h&-ral, a. Relating to an hour. Horally, ho'-ral-le, ad. Hourly. Horary, ho'-r&-re, a. Pertaining to or noting the hours. . , , „ Horde, Aoarti, s. A company of wandering people dwell¬ ing in tents or wagons. Hordein, hawr'-de-in, s. A substance analogous to starch, found in barley. Hordeolum, haler'-de-o-lum, s. A sty or small tumour on the eyelid ; so called from Hordeu^n, a barleycorn. Horehound, hore'-how'id, 8. See Hoarhound. Horizon, fto-ri'-zon, s. A circle touching the earth at the place of the spectator, and bounded by the line in which the earth and skies seem to meet, called the sensible horizon, as distinguished from the great circle which divides the earth into upper and lower hemi¬ spheres, called the rational horizon. Horizontal, hor-e-zon'-tal, a. Pertaining to or relating to the horizon ; parallel to the horizon ; on a level.^ Horizontally, hor-e-zon'-tal-le, ad. In a direction parallel to the horizon ; on a level. Horizontality, hor-e-zon-tal'-e-te, s. The state of be¬ ing horizontal. Horn, hawrn, s. A hard pointed or curved substance, growing on the heads of certain animals, and par¬ ticularly on cloven-footed quadrupeds; a wind instru¬ ment of music, made of horn ; a trumpet; an extrem¬ ity of the moon, when »t is waxing or waning, and forming a crescent; the ieeler of a snail, which may be withdrawn; a drinking cup; a winding stream. —Horn has several compounds; as Horn-blower, one who blows a horn ; Hom-book, the first book of chil¬ dren, 80 called from its cover of horn; Horn-bug, a kind of beetle; Horti-distemper, a disease of cattle, affecting the internal substance of the horn; Horn- lead, chloride of lead; Hom-mercury, chloride of mer¬ cury ; Horn-ore, a species of silver ore ; Hom'owl; a HOEU [ 4S0 ] HOESEL spticles of horaed ottI, Horn-poppy, a plant of the genus glaiicium ; Horn-shavings, scrapings of the horns of deer; Horn-slate, a grey, silicious stone; Hom-spoon, a spoon made of noru; Horn-work, in jorti^ation, an outwork composed of two demi- bastions, joined by a curtain.—2forn of plenty. See Cornucopia. HoRN,v.a. To cuckold. Hornbeak, hawrn'-beek, s. A fish. See Hornfish. Hornbeam, hawrn'-heem, s. A shmb, or small tree, of the genus carpinus, whose wood is of a horny tough¬ ness. Hornbill, hawrn'-hill, s. A voracious bird of Africa and the East. Hornblende, hawrn'-hlend, s. A common mineral, consisting of silica with magnesia, lime, or ii*on. Hornblende-schist, hawrn'-blend-shist, s. Hornblende rock of a schistose structure. Horned, hawrnd, a. Furnished with horns; shaped like a crescent or the new vaoon.—Horned-horse, the gnu.— Horned-owl, the Strixotis, — Horned-pondweed, the plant ZannichelUa. Hornedness, hawrn'-ed-nes, s. The appearance of horns. Horner, hawrn'-er, s. One who works or deals in horns ; one who winds or blows the horn. Hornet, hawr’-net, s. An insect whose sting gives severe pain. Hornfish, hawrn'-Jish, s. The garfish or sea-needle. Hornfoot, hawrn'-fut, a. Having a hoof; hoofed. Horning^ hawrn'-ing, s. Appearance of the moon when increasing, or in the form of a crescent. Hornish, hawrn'-ish, a Somewhat like horn; hard. Hornito, hawr'-ne-to, s. An oven. Hornless, huwrn'-les, a. Having no horns. Hornpipe, hawrn'-pipe, s. An instrument of music in Wales; a lively afr or tune, of triple time, with six crotchets in a bar; a characteristic British dance. Horns, hawrns, s.pl. A min er’s name for the guides for the ropes on the drum. Horn-silver, hawrn-sil'-ver, s. A native chloride silver found in the mines of South America. Hornstone, hawrn'-stone, s. A silicious stone of the quartz kind. Hornwrack., hawrn'-rdk, s. A species of coralline. Horny, hawr-ne, a. Consisting of horn or horns ; re¬ sembling horn ; hard ; callous. Horography, ho-rog'-rd-fe, s. The art of constructing dials. Horologe, hor'-o-loje, s. An instrument that indicates the hour of the day. Horological, hor-o-lqj'-e-kal, a. Pertaining to horo¬ logy. Horologiographer, hor-o-lcg-e-og'-rd-fer, s. A maker of clocks or dials. Horologiographic, hor-o-loj-e-o-graf'-ik, a. Pertaining to the art of dialling. Horolooiography, hor- 0 ’lqj-e-og'-r&-fe, s. An account of instruments that show the hour of the day; the art of constructing dials. Horologium, ho-roAo'-je-um, s. A southern constella¬ tion ; the clock. Horology, ho-rol'-o-je, 3. A treatise on the principles and construction of machines for measuring and indi¬ cating time. Horumetbical, hor-o-met'^re-kal, a. Belonging to ho- rometry. Horometry, ho-rom'-e-tre, s. The art or practice of measuring time. Horoscope, hor'-o-skope, s. In astrology, a scheme or figure of the twelve houses or signs of the zodiac, in which is marked the disposition of the heavens at a given time. Horoscopy, hor-os'-ko-pe, s. Tile art of predicting future events by the disposition of the stars. Horrent, hor'-rent, a. Bristled ; standing erect; pointing outward. Horrible, hor'-re-bl, a. Exciting or tending to excite horror ; dreadful, frightful, or fearful. Horribleness, ho'^-re-hl-nes, s. The state or qualities that may excite horror; dreadfulness. Horribly, hor'-re-ble, ad. In a manner to excite horror. Horrid, hor'-rid, a. That does or may excite horror ; frightful, hideous, or aiarming ; rough ; rugged ; very offensive or disgusting. Horridly, hor'-rid-le, ad. In a manner to excite horror: dreadfully. Horridnhss, hor'-rid-nes, s. The qualities that do oi may excite horror; hideousness. Horrific, hor-rif'-ik, a. Causing horror. Horrified, hor'-re-fide, pp. or a. Made horrible; struck with horror. Horrify, hor'-re-fi, v.a. To make horrible; to strike with horror. Horripilation, hor-re-pe-la'-shun, s. A confused sen¬ sation, as of the bristling of the hair of the head or body, resulting from disease or terror. Horrisonods, hor-ris'-o-nus, a. Sounding dreadfully; uttering a terrible sound. Horror, %07*'-r«r, s. A shaking, shivering, or shudder¬ ing ; an excessive degree of fear; terror; dreariness ; gloom.—The horrors, a result of habits of inebriation; a state of extreme bodily and mental agitation. Horror-stricken, hor'-rnr-strik'n, a. Stmek with horror. Hors de Combat, hor' de kom-hd'. (Fr.) Out of the combat; disabled ; not able to fight. Horse, hawrse, s. A noble quadruped of the genus eqtius, of great use for draught or conveyance on his back; a constellation; a body of troops serving on horseback ; cavafry ; a machine by which something is supported; a wooden machine, on which soldiers ride by way of punishment.—In nautical language, a foot-rope along a yard, to support the sailors wlule they loose, reef, or furl the sails.—In printing, a sloping table on which pressmen place their sheets, preparatory to printing.— To take horse, to set out to ride on horseback; to be covered, as a mare. Horse formsagreatvarictyofeompounds; as, J/orsc- ayit, the insect Formica herculanea; Horse-aloes, a pre¬ paration of aloes used in farriery: Horse-beech-tree, the plant Carpinus betulus; Horse-block, a block or stage that assists persons in mounting and dismount¬ ing from a horse ; Horse-boat, a boat used in conveying horses over a river or other water; Horse-boy, a boy employed in dressing and tending horses, a stablc*- boy; Horse-breaker, one whose employment is to break horses ; Horse-chestnut, a large nut, the fruit ot a species of cesculus; Horse-cloth, a cloth to cover a horse; Horse-courser, one who keeps horses for the race ; Horse-crab, a crustaceous fish ; Horse-cucumber, a large, green cucumber ; Horse-dealer, one who buys and sells horses; Horse-drench, a dose of physic fora horse ; Horse-dung, the dung of horses ; Horse-emmet, a species of large ant; Horse-faced, having a long, coarse face ; Horse-fleshy the flesh of a horse ; Horse fly, a large fly that stings horses ; Horse-hair, the hair of horses; Horse-hoe', a hoe for cleaning a field by means of horses; Horse-jockey, a dealer in the pur¬ chase and sale of horses : Horse-keeper, one who keeps or takes care of horses ; Horse-laugh, a loud, boisterous laugh; Horse-leech, a large leech, a farrier; Horse- litter, a carriage hung on poles, borne between two horses ; Horse-load, a load for a horse ; Horse-marten^ a kind of large bee; Herse-meat, food for horses, provender; Horse-mill, a mill turned by a hoi'se Horse-millhier, one who supplies ribbons or other de¬ corations for horses; Horse-mint, a species of large mint; Horse-muscle, a large muscle or shell-fish Horse-path, a path for horses, as by canals; Horse play, rough, ragged play; Horse-pond, a pond for watering horses ; Horse-power, the power of a horse, or its equivalent, as applied to steam-power; Horse- purslane, a tropical weed; Horse-race, a race by horses; Horsestealing, the stealing of a horse or horses; Horse-stinger, the dragon-fly; Horse-tail, a plant of the genus equisetum, allied to the ferns, a Turkish standard; Morse-way, a way or road in which hoi'ses may travel; Horse-worm, a worm that infests hoi’ses, a bott. — v.a. To mount on horse ; to carry on the hack; to cover a mare. — v.u. To got on horseback. Horseback, hawrse'-bak, s. The state of being on a horse; the posture of riding on a horse. Horse-bean, hawrse^-been, s. A small beau on which horses feed. Horsefoot, hawrse'-fut, s. A plant; called also coU's- foot. Horse-guards, hawrse'-gards, s.pl A body of cavaTrr for guarding the sovereign. Horse-knacker, er,s. A purchaser of o]-i worn-out horses, who kills them, and disposes of ;' carcases. Hor8ely4 hawrse' le. a. Like Gii ru tjvc bor&e. nOESEMAN [ 400 ] HOUEI A plant of tlie genus A plant of tlie genus A machine for raising U 0 HSF.MAN 8 HIP,s. The act of riding, and of tTidning and managing horses. Horse- ra.Dish, nnwrse'‘rad-%sh, s. A plant of the genus cuchlearia, with a root of a pungent taste. UoRSE-siioE, h/iwrse'-shuy s. A shoe for horses, consist¬ ing of a plate of iron of a circular form. Horsb-suoeinq, hawrse'-shu-ijig, s. The act or employ¬ ment of shoeing horses Horse-TONODB, 8 ruscus. Horsb-vetch, hawrse'-vetchy s. hippocrepis. Horse-WHIM, hatvrse'-hwim, 8. ore from a mine-shaft, usually worked by a horse. Horsewhip, hawrse'-hwip, s. A whip for driving hoi*ses. — v.a. To lash; to strike with a horsewliip. Horsewhipping, hawrse'-hwip~ping, s. A striking with a horsewhip. Hortation,/ lawr-^a'-s/rtm, 8. The act of exhorting.or giving advice See Exhortation. Hortative, haler'-tA-tiv, la. Giving exhortation or Hortatory, j advice, as a discourse; inciting; encouraging. Hortbnsial, hawr-teti'-shal, a. Fit for a garden. Horticultor, haler'~te~ktil-iur, s. One who cultivates gardens. Horticcltcral, haier-te-kxilt'-yu-ral, 9 ,. Pertaming to the culture of gardens. Hortici lturb, haier-te-kuU'-yur, 8. The art of culti¬ vating gardens. Horticultdrist, haior-te-kult'-yiir’ist, s. One who is skilled in the art of cultivating gardens. Hortclan, haier'-tu-la7i, a. Belonging to a garden. IIoRTca Sicccs, hawr'-Uis $ik'-k\is, s. A collection of specimens of dried plants. Horttard. hawft'-ydrd, s. An orchard. Hosanna, Aio-3rt7i'-rtrt^ s. A .song, or an invocation for blessings or of praise to God. Hose, hoze, s. Breeches or trowsers ; stockings ; cover¬ ings for the legs; a flexible pipe used with engines, for coDveving water to extinguish fires, &c. Hosier, ho^-zhe-iir, s. One who deals in stockings and socks, &c. Hosiery, ho'-zhe-ur-e, s. Stockings in general; socks. Hospice, hos'-pice, s. A term applied to convents in some of the passes of the Alps, for the entertainment of travellers. Hospitable, /los'-pe-fd-fr?, a. Receiving and entertain¬ ing strangers with kinditcss and without reward; offering kind reception. Hospitably, hos'-pe-tA-bUf ad. "With kindness to strangers or guests. Hospi I'AGEjt hos'-pe-tajCy 8. Hospitality. Hospital, hos'-pe-tal, 8- A building ’appropriated for the reception of inmm paupers, and also for sick or insane persons. Hospitaller, ho^-pe-tal-ler, s. One who resides in a hospital.—The Hospitallers were an order of knights, called Knights of St. John, who built a hospital at Jerusalem for pilgrims. Hospitality, hos-pe-tal'-e-te, 8. The entertaining of strangers or guests. HospiTATE,t hos'-pe-tate, v.n. To reside or lodge under the roof of another. — v.a. To lodge a person. HusroDAR, hoP~po-dar, s. A govemot, appointed by the Turkish Pone over the Christian provinces of Mohiavia and Wallachia. Host, hoast, 8. One who entertains another; an inn¬ keeper , a landlord: a number of men embodied for war.—In the Romish Church, the sacrifice of the mass. —t v.n To lodge at an inn. —i v.a. To give entertainment to. Hostage, ho^-taje, s. A person delivered to an enemy as a pledge to secure the performance of certain con- diti^s. HosTEL,t W W, 1 An inn Hostelry, j Hosteller, hos'-tel ler, s. An innkeeper. Hostess, hoast'-es, 8. A female host; a woman who keeps an inn. Hostess-ship, hoast'-es-ship, s. The character or busi¬ ness of a hostess. Hostile, hns'-til, a. Belonging to a public enemy; designating enmity ; warlike ; mimical; unfriendly. H jeTiLBLY, hos'-til-le, ad. In a hostile manner, Hostility, hos-tiV-e-te, s. The state of war bciwees nations or states ; private enmity ; animosity. HosTiLizE,t hos'-til-ize, v.a. To inaKe an enemy. Hosting, + hoast'-ing, s. An encounter ; a battle. Hostler, hos'-ler, s. The person who has the care of horses at an inn. Ho8TLEss,t hoast'-les, a. Inhospitable. Hostry, hoast'-re, s. A stable tor horses. Hot, hot, a. Having sensible heat; ardent in temper easily excited; marked with violence; acrid j sti¬ mulating ; lustful. Hot-bed, liof-bed, s. In gardening, a bed of earth and horse-dung, covered with glass, intended for raising early plants.— Figuratively, a place which favours rapid growth or development. Hot-blooded, hot'-blud-ea. a. Having hot blood. Hot-brained, hot'-hrayna, a. Ardent in temper; vio¬ lent. Hotchpot, hotch'-pot, s. A mingled mass; a mixtui’e tff ingredients. Hotchpotch, hotch'-potch, s. See Hodgepodge. Hotcockles, hot-kok’ls, s.pl. A play in which one covers his eyes and guesses who strikes liim. Hotel, ho-tel', s. A superior house for entertaining strangers or travellers.—In France, a palace or dwell¬ ing of persons of rank.— Hvtel-Dieu, a hospital.— Hotel-de- Ville, the guildhall of a French town. Hot-headed, hot'-he^-ed, a. Of ardent passions; vio¬ lent Hot-house, hot'-hovs, s. A glazed structure, artificially warmed, for the purpose of sheltering tender plants and slirubs from the cold air, a bagnio ; a brothel. HoThi, hot'-le, ad. With heat, ardently; vehemently Hot-modthed, hot'-moiethd,a.. Headstrong; ungovern¬ able. Hotness, 8. Sensible heat beyond a moderate degree of warmth ; violence ; fury. Hot-pressed, hoi'-prest, a. Pressed while heat is applied, for the purpose of giving a smooth and glossy surface. Hot-pressing, hot’-pressing, s. The application of heat in conjunction Yvfith mechanical pressure, for the purpose of giving a smooth and glossy surface, as to paper, linen, &c. Hot-shoots, hot'-shoots, s. In husbandry, a compound of small coal, charcoal, loam, and urine, made into halls for firing. Hot-spirited, hoi'-spir-it-ed, a. Having a fieiy spirit. Hotspur, hot'-spur, s. A man violent or preci^tate ; a ^nd of pea of early growth. — a. Violent; impetuous. Hotspurred. hot'-spurd, a. Vehement; rash , heady. Hottentot, hot'tn-tot, s. A native of the Cape of Good Hope ; a brutish individual. — Hottentot-cherry is the name of the plant Cerasus maurocenia. — Hottentot-Jig, the Dlant Mesembryanthenium edule. Hot-wall, hof-wall, s. In gardening, a wall with flues for conducting heat to secure or hasten the growth of fruit-trees. Houdah, how'-d'd, s. A seat to he fixed on a camel’s back. Hough, hok, s. The lower part of the thigh; the ham $an adze ; a hoe. — v.a. To hamstring ; t to cut with a hoe. Houlet, how'-let. s. An owl. Hoult, hoalt, s. A woodland. Hound, hownd, s. A generic name of the dog. — v.a. To set on the chase ; to hunt. Hound-fish, hoiond'-fish, s. A fish of the shark family. Hol'nd-tree, hownd'-tree, 8. A kind of tree. Hounds, hownds. s.pl. In seamen's language, Vne pro¬ jecting parts of the head of a mast. Hound’s-tonqce, hownds'-Umg,^. A succulent plant, common on the roofs of European buildings. Houp, hoop. See Hoopoo. Hour, our, s. A space of time, consisting of sixty minutes, and equal to one twenty-fourth part of a day ; the time marked or indicated by a chronometer, clock, or watch; the particular time of the day.— To keep good hours, to be at home in good season.—Honr- circle, in astronomy, is a line of meridian.— Hour-glass, a chronometer that measures intervals of time by the running of sand from one glass vessel to another.— Hour-hand, the hand or pointed pin which shows the hour on a chronometer.—Jfoztr-p/afc, the plate of a time-piece on which the hours are marked; the dial. Houri, hoio'-re, 8. Among Mohammeda7ts,SL nymph of pamdise. HOUELY [ 401 ] HULK HocRxr, oiir’-Ui a. Happening or done every hour; continual. — ad Every hour j frequently. Hou8age 4 8. A fee for keeping goods in a house. lIou8A.L^ how^-idlt a. Domestic. flouts, hou^, 6. A building intended or used as a habitation; a dwelling-place; household affairs; an edifice appropriated to the service of God ; a temple; a church; a monastery; a college.—In astrology ,XYiQ station of a planet in the heavens, or the twelfth part of the heavens.—A family of ancestors ; descendants and kindred; a body of men united in their legislative capacity.—In mercantile affairs, a firm or commercial establishment.— House of call, a house where journey¬ men of a particular trade assemble when out of Work, for the purpose of obtaining employment.— House of Correction, a prison for the puuismnent of idle and disorderly persons. House has many compounds; as, House-boat, a covered boat.— House-breaking, the breaking, or open¬ ing and entering of a house by daylight, with intent to commit a felony.— House-dog, a dog kept to guard the house.—ffaMse-mflid, a female servant employed to keep a house clean, &c.— House-roum, room or place in a house.—a tax levied by govern ment on houses.—a feast or meiry- making at the time a family enters a new house.— House-wright, an architect who builds houses. House, howz, v.a. To cover from the inclemencies of the weather; to shelter. — Y.n. To take shelter or lodgings; td reside. Housebote, housf-bote, s. In law, a sufficient allowance of wood to repair the hoiise and supply fuel. Housed, howzd, pp. of the verb to house. Household, hou^-hold, s. Those who dwell under the same roof and compose a family; domestic manage¬ ment.—ifoMseAoZd-ftread, bread made within the house, and not of the finest .-Household-stuff, the fui*niture of a house; the vessels, utensils, and g oods of a family.— Household troops, the regiments of fe-guards, horse-guards, and foot-guiirds. — a. Belonging to the house and family ; domestic. Householder, hou^-hold-er, s. The master or chief of a family. Housekeeper, hou^-keep-er, s. One who occupies a house with his family ; a householder; a female ser¬ vant who has the chief care of the family; J one who keeps much at home. Housekeeping, houi^-keep-ing, a. Domestic. — 8. The family state in a dwelling; care of domestic concerns; hospitality. Housed, hou'-zet, s. The Eucharist; the sacred bread. —j v.a. To give or receive the Eucharist. Houseleek, nous’-leek, s. A plant. Houseless, hous'-les, a. Destitute of a house or habita¬ tion. Housblinb, hous'-lin, 1 s. Among seamen, a small line Housing, houzf-ing, ) formed of three strands, used for seizings. Housewife, hou^-wife, 8. The mistress of a family ; a female economist; a good manager; a little case or bag for articles of female work, pronounced huzzif. Housewifely, a. iPertaining to the mla- toess of a family. Housewifery, hou^-wife-re, s. The business of the . mistress of a family; female management of domestic concerns. Housing, howz'-ing, s. Houses in general; a cover or cloth over or under a horse’s saddle; a saddle-cloth; a horse-cloth. Hou8lino,4: hous'-li7ig,B.. Sacramental. Hove, hove, pret. of Hea.ve. —t v.n. To hover about. Hovel, hov'-el, 8. An open shed for sheltering cattle; a cottage; a mean house. — v.a- To put in a hovel; to shelter. Hover, hov'-er, v.n. To hang over or about, fluttering or flapping the wings ; to stand in suspense ; to wander from place to place in the neighbourhood. —$ 8. A protection or shelter by hanging over. Hover-ground, hov'-er-grownd, s. Light ground. Hoverinqly, hov'-er-ing-le, ad. In a hovering manner. How, how, ad. In what manner; to what degree or extent; for what reason; a term of exclamation. HowBEiT,t how-be'-it,B.d. Be it as it may; nevertheless. However, how-etZ-er, ad. In whatever manner or degree ; at all events; notwithstanding. Howitzer, hoio’-itz-er, s. A kind of monar or shoil gun, mounted on a field carriage, and used for throw¬ ing shells. Howker, how'~ker, s. A Dutch vessel with two masts. Howl, howl, v.n. To cry as a dog or wolf; to utter a loud, mournful sound, expressive of distress; to wail; to roar. — v.a. To utter or speak witli outcry. — s. The cry of a wolf, or of a human being in horror or anguish. ^ Howlet, how'-let, s. An owl. Howling, howl’-ing, s. The act of howlinga loud outc^ or mournful sound. — a. Filled with howls, or howling beasts; dreary. How80,$ how’-so, ad. Although. Howsoever, how-so-eiZ-er, ad. In what manner soever; although. Hox,$ hoks, v.a. To hough ; to hamstring. Hoy, hoy, s. A small vessel, usually rigged as a sloop. — interj. An exclamation, of no definite meaning. Hubbub, hulZ-bub, s. A great noise of many confused voices; a tumult.— Huhbubboo, the cry or howl of the lower Irish at funerals. HocK,t huk, v.n. To haggle in trading. — s. The name of a German river trout. Huckaback, huk'-d-bak, s. A kind of linen with raised figures on it, used for table-cloths and towels. Huckle, huk'kl, s. The hip, that is a bunch. Hucklebackbd, huk'kl-bakt, a. Having round shoulders. Huckleberry, huk'kl-ber-re, s. A berry; called also whortleberry. Hucklebone, huk'kl-bone, s. Tlie liip-bone. Huckster, huk'-ster, s. A retailer of small articles, of provisions, nuts, &c.; a mean, trickish fellow. — v.n. To deal in small articles, or in petty bargains Hucksterage, huk'-ster-oje, s. Small dealing or business. Huckstress, htikZ-stres, 8. A female pedlar. Huddle, hud'dl, v.n. To crowd; to press together pro¬ miscuously. — v.a. To put on or perform in haste and disorder, — s. A crowd ; tumult; confusion. Huddled, hud’dld, pp. of the verb to huddle. Huddler, hud'dler, s. One who throws things into confusion; a bungler. Hudibrastic, hu-ae-bra^-tik, a. Si mil ar in Style to Hudibras, or doggerel poetry. Hub, hu, s. Colour; tint; dye.—In law, a hue and cry is the pursuit of a felon or offender. Hueless, hu’-les, a. Destitute of colour. Huff, huf, s. A swell of sudden anger or arrogance ; a boaster. — v.a. To swell; to enlarge; to puff up ; to bully. — v.n. To swell; to dilate or enlarge ; to bluster. Huffer, huf’-fer, s. A bully , a blusterer. Huffiness, huf'-fe-nes, s. Petulance; the state of being puffed up. Huffing, huf’-fiiig, s. Swelling ; petulance ; anger. Huffish, a. Arrogant j insolent; hectoring. Huffishly, huf'-jish-le, ad. With arrogance or blus¬ tering. Huffishness, s. Arrogance; petiBencc , bluster. Huffy, huf'-fe, a. Swelled or swelling ; petulant. Hug, hug, v.a. To embrace closely; to treat with fond¬ ness ; to congratulate.—In seamen's language, to keep close to. — a. A close embrace, a particular gripe in wrestling. Huge, huje, a. Of great or excessive size ; enoimous , s\^?mt\Q..—Huge-bellied, having a very large belly.— Huge-built, buiit of a huge size. Hugely, hitj^-le, ad. Enormously ; immensely. Hugeness, hiye'-nes, s. Enormous bulk or largeness. Hugeous. a. Vast; enormous. (Low.) Hugger-mugger, hug'-yer-mug'-ger, s. A cant word denoting anything done in privacy. Huguenot, hu'-ge-no, s. A name formerly given to a Protestant in France. Hugy,$ a. Vast in size. HuT 8 HEB,t hwef-sher, s. An usher. Huke, huke, 8. A cloak. Hulans, hu-lansZ, s. Irregular horsemen of the Ukraine. HulchjJ hiUsh, 8. A bunch or hump. — Hulch-backed, crook-backed. Hulchy huV-she, a. Much swelling ; gibbous. Hulk, hulk, s. Tlie body of an old vessel, unfit for further service; tanj^thing bn'.kr *^7 un wirldy.—.The HULKY [ 492 ] HUMOUH tiulks. Old or dismasted ships, formerly used as prisons for convicts. aLLKT,J: hul’-ke, a. Buiky ; unwieldy. ItuLL, huU,s. The outer covering of anything, parti- cuiariy of a nut or of grain , the frame or body of a ship or other vessel.— To lie a hull, in 7iautictil lan¬ guage, is to lie as a ship without any sail upon her.— To strike a hull, in a storm, is to take in the sails, and lash tlie helm on the lee-side of a ship.—Ifwa down expresses that the hull of the ship is concealed by the convexity of the sea. , ,, — v.a. To sti'ip off or separate the hull or hulls; to pierce the hull of a ship with a cannon-ball. — T.n. To float ov drive on the water, like the hull of a ship without sails. ,, , Hulled, huld, pp. of the verb to hull. — Hulled com or arain is corn or grain boiled in a weak lye, so that the ' hull separates from the kernel. Hullt, huV-le, a. Having husks or pods; si^aquous. UuLoiST. Sec Hylov ; and Hylotheism. Hum, hum, v.n. To utter the spund of bees; to buzz ; to make an inarticulate, buzzing sound; to make a dull, heavy noise, like a drone ; t to applaud. — v.a. To sing in a low voice; to cause to hum; to impose on. , , „ - — 8. The noise of bees or insects; any low, dull noise; an expression of applause ; the milt or soft roe of a aodfish. . , . . vx j — interj. A sound with a pause, implying doubt and deliberation. ... . • Human, Aw'-wan, a. Belonging to mankind; pertain¬ ing or relating to the race of man; having the qua¬ lities of a man. lIcMANA.TE,$ hu'-man-ate, a. Endued with humanity. Humane, a. Having the feelings and dispo¬ sitions proper to man; kind, sympathising, or bene¬ volent. , , , , Humanely, hti-manef-le^ ad. "With kindness, tender¬ ness, or compassion. Humaneness, Aw-mane'-nes, 8. Tenderness. Humanist, hu'-ma7i-ist,s. One who pureues the study of the hurnaynties, or polite literature (a University term); one versed in the knowledge of human nature. iuMANiTAaiAN,/i-u-wan-e-^a'-re-aJi, s. One who holds that Jesus Christ was a mere man. Humanity, hu-mayi'-e-te , s. The peculiar nature of man, by wliich he is distinguished from other beings; mankind collectively; the human race; the kind feelings, dispositions, and sympatliios of man; bene¬ volence ; philology; grammatical studies.— HuTnaiii- ties, in the plural, signifies grammar, rhetoric, the and Greek languages, and poetry; for teaching which there are University professois. Humanization, hu-7nan-e-za'-shu7i, h. The act of liurnanizing. Humanize, hu'-man-ize, v.a. To seften; to render humane, or susceptible of kind feelings. Humanized, hu'~7na7i-ize'd, pp. of the verb to hwnayiize. Humanizing, hu'-7nan-i-%it'.g , ppr. or a. Softening; subduing cruel dispositions. Humankind, hu'-7nan-kind, s. Mankind; the human species. Humanly, hu'~7nan-le, ad. After the manner of men; tkindly; humanely. UuMATioN,$ Au-ma'-sAwn, s. Interment. iluMBiRD, ) hywi'-bird , ( s. A very small bird JI I'MMiNG-BiRD, j I of the genus tro- chilus, 80 called from the sound of its wings in flight. Humiile, utn'bl, a. Low; mean; modest, meek; submissive. — Humbie-7nouthed, meek or modest.— llumble-hee, a bee of a large species.— A species of sensitive piant. — v.a. To bring do^vn, or reduce to a low state; to abase or humiliate ; to crush ; to break ; to subdue ; to mortify; to abase the pride of; to make meek and submissive. —To humble one’s self, to make contrite. Humbled, um'bld, pp. or a. Made low; abased; penitent. Humbleness, fm'6Z-nes, 8. The State of being humble or low; humility. Humbler, im'Wer, s. He or that which humbles, or reduces pride. Humbles, um'bles, s.pl. Entrails of a deer. Humbling, ppr. Abasing; subduing. — a. Adapted to abate pride and self-dependence. — 8. Humiliation ; abatement of pride. iiuMBLT, urn'ble, ad. In an humble manner; with humility. IIuMBOLDTiNE, num'-bole-tiue, s. A native oxalate of iron. Humboldtitb, hu7n'-hole-tite, s. A mineral, a variety of datholite. Humbug, hum’-bug, s. An imposition under fair pre¬ tences ; a person who thus imposes. {Low.) — v.a. To aeceive for the purpose of ridicule. Humdrum, hmn'-drwni, a. Dull; stupid. — s. A stupid fellow; a drone. Humect, i* nn-mcAit', 1 v.a. To moisten ; to wet; Humectate, t hu-mekf-tate, ) to water. Humectant, hu-mek'-tant, a. In therapeutics, pertain¬ ing to remedies which are supposed to augment the fltudity of the blood. Humectantia, hu-mek-iftn' -she-^t 8. Medicines for moistening and softening. Humectation, t hu-mek-}ts shun, s. The act of mois¬ tening, wetting, or watering. Humectiye, hu-rnel^-tiv a. Having the pow^ to moisten. Humeral, hu yne-rub, a. Brlonging to the 8houlu,^iL Humhum hu7n'-hum, s. A kind of plain coarse Indian cloth, made of cotton Humic Acid, hu'-mik a^-td, s. Aji add formed from humus -^y the action an alkali Humicubation,+ hu-m* ku-ba*-shun, s. Act of lying on the ground. Humid, hu'-mid, a. Moist; damp; somewhat wet or watery. Humidity^ hyi-mid'-e te, 1 s. Moisture ; a moderate de- Humidness, hu'-7nid-'^es, j gree of wetness. Humile,^: hu'-mil, v.a. To humiliate or humble. Humiliate, hu-mil'-e-ats3, v.a. To humble ; to lower iii condition; to depress. Humiliated, hu-yniV-e-a-ted, pp. Humbled ; depressed. Humiliating, hu~7iiiU-e-a-ting, ppr. Humbling de pressing. — a. Abating pride: reducing self-confidence. Humiliation, hu-mtl-e-a'-shuyi, s. The act of hum¬ bling the state of being humbled; meekness, peni tence, and submission; abasement of pride ; mortifl cation. Hcmiuty, hu-7nil'-e-t€, s. Freedom from pride an5 arrogance ; humbleness of mind , act of submission. Humite, hu'-7nite, s. A rare Vesuvi<*ja mineral, occur' ring in minute crystals. Hi’mmeller, hurn'-me-ler, s. An instrument for clearing barley of the liaums or avels. Hummer, hum'-mer, s. One who hums ; an applauder. Humming, hum'-ining, ppr. or a. Making a low buzzing or murmuring. — 8. The sound of bees; a low murmuring. Humming- ALE, hum'-7ni7i^-ale, s. Sprightly ale. Humming-bird, huryi'-mtng-bird, s. The smallest of birds. See Humbird. Humming-top, hum'-ming-top, s. A child’s toy; hollow spinning top. Hummock, hum'-mok, s. A solid mass of turf elevated above the surrounding earth. Hummocks, s. Pieces of ice thrown up by pressure from large fragments coming in contact. Hummums, hum'-mums, s.pl. Sweating places or baths. Humoral, yu'-mur-al, a. Pertaining to or proceeding from the humours. Humoralism, yu'-7nur-al-iz7n, s. State of being hu¬ moral ; the doctrine that diseases have their seat in the humours. Humoralist, yu'-mur-al-ist, s. One who favours the humoral pathology. Humokism, yu'-mur-izm, s. The state of the humours. Humorist, yu'-mur-ist, s. One who gratifies his owix humour; one who has a playful faiicE or odd conceits, a wag ; a droll. Humorless, yu'-7nur-les, a. Destitute of humour. Humorous, yu'-7tiur-us, a. Containing humour ; full of wild or fanciful images; adapted to excite laughte.C jocular, witty, or merry; Jcapricious; whiinsiefci humid. Humorously, yu'-mur-us-le, ad. With a wild or gro¬ tesque combination of ideas ; pleasantly; jocosely, capriciously; whimsically. Humorousness, yu'-mur-us-7ies, s. The state or quality of being humorous • oddness of conceit; jocularitv. Humour, yxt'-mur, s. Moisture ; the moisture or fluids of animal bodies; a disease of the skin, cutaneous eruptions; turn of mind, or peculiarity of disposition, temper or disposition; petulance; peevishness. ~ v.a. To gratify by yielding to pariioular inclina- HTJftTLE HUMOUESOME C 493 3 tlon , to Indulge ty compliance; to favour Dy impos 2ng no restraint. Hdmoursome, yu'-mwr-«fiw, a. Peevisli; petulant j in¬ fluenced by the humour of the moment; odd; hu¬ morous ; adapted to excite laughter. Humouesomel\, ad. Peevishly; petu¬ lantly ; od'ily. Hump, humpy 8. The protuberance formed by a crooked Humpback , humj/-hak, 8. A crooked back; high shoul¬ ders ; a humpbacked pei'son. Humpbacked, a. Having a crooked back. Humulin, yxc-mu-Uny 8. The narcotic principle of the hop. , ,, Humulus, yu'-mu~lusy s. The hop, a genus of climbing plants, used in making beer. Humus, yu'-nnis, s. A pulverulent brown substance formed by the action of air on solid animal or vege¬ table matter. Hunch, kuush, s. A hump; a protuberance ; a lump; a push or jerk with the fist or elbow. — v.a. To push or thrust with a sudden jerk; to crook the back. Hunchback, hunsh'-baky s. A humpback. Hunchbacked, hunsh’-bakt, a. Having a crooked back. Hundred, hun'-dred, a. Denoting the product of ten multiplied by ten. »- 8. A collection, body, or sum, consisting of ten times ten individuals or units ; the number 100 ; the division or part of a county supposed to have originally con¬ tained a hundred families.— Hundred court, a court held for all the inhabitants of a hundred.—JETimdred weight, 112 lbs. avoirdupois. Hundredor, hun'-dred-ur, 8. A man who may be of a jury in any controversy respecting land within the hundred to which he belongs. Hundredth, hun'-dredth,di. The ordinal of a hundred. Hung, hung, pret. and pp. of Hang. Huno-beef, Imng’-heefy s. The fleshy part of beef, slightly salted, and hung up to dry ; dried beef. Hungary-water, hung^-gd-re-wavf-ter, s. A distilled water prepared from the tops of flowers of rosemary. Hunger, hung'-er, s. A sensation occasioned by the want of food; craving appetite; any strong or eager desire. , - , . — v.n. To feel the pain or uneasiness which is occa¬ sioned by long abstinence from food; to crave food; to long for. —X v.a. To famish. Hunger-bitten, hung'-er-.bit'u, a. Pained, pinched, or weakened by hunger. ^ ^ Hungered, hung'-erd, pp. or a. Pinched by want of food; hungry. HuNGERLY,t hung'-er-le, a. Hungry; wantmg food. —t ad. With keen appetite. Hunger-starved, hung' - erst arvd, a. Starved with hunger; pinched by want of food. Hunger-stung, hung'-er-stung, a. Stung by hunger. Hungred, hun^-gred, a. Hungry; pinched by want of food. Hungrily, hung'-gre-le, ad. With keen appetite; vora¬ ciously. Hungry, hung'-gre, a. Having a keen appetite; feeling pain or uneasiness from want of food; emaciated; not rich or fertile ; poor; barren. Hunks, hunks, s. A covetous, sordid man ; a niggard. Huns, nuns. s.pl. The Scytluans who conquered Pan- nonia, and gave it its present name, Hungary. Hunt, hunt, v.a. To chase wild animals; to pursue with hounds for taking, as game; to pursue; to follow closely.—To hunt out or after, also to hunt up, to seek, to search for.—To hunt down, to bear down by persecution or vioicnce. — v.n. To follow the chase ; to seek wild animals for game, or for killing them by shooting ; to search.—To run counter, to trace the scent backward in hunting. — 8. A chase of wild animals for catching them; a pack of hounds; pursuit; an association of huntsmen. Hunt-counter, hunt'^koun-ter, s. A dog that runs back on the scent. Hunted, huntf-ed, pp. or a. Chased ; pursued ; sought. Hunter, huntf-er, s. One who pursues wild animals with a view to cateh them; a dog that scents game; a horse used in the chase. Hunting, hunV-ing, s. The act or practice of pursuing wild animals, for catching or killing them ; a pursuit. -^Hunting-box, or Hunting-seat, a temporary resi¬ dence when hunting.—Hun^^7l5'-non^, a bugle; a horn used to cheer tb* hounds In pursuit of game .—HunU ing-horse, a ho' -e used in hunting ; a hunter. Huntress, hur -tres, s. A female that follows the chase. Huntsman, hunt^-man, s. One who practises hunt¬ ing ; a servant who manages the chase. Huntsmanship, hunts'-7nan-ship, s. The art or practice of hunting; the qualifications of a hunter. Hurdle, hur'dl, s. A texture of twigs, osiers, or sticks; a moveable wooden frame of split timber, or wattled osiers; a crate or sled on which criminals were dragged to execution.—In fortification, a collec¬ tion of twigs or sticks interwoven closely and sustained by long stakes.—In husbandry, a frame of split timber or sticks wattled together, serving for gates, inclosures, &c. — v.a. To make up, hedge, cover, or close with hurdles. Hurds, hurds, s. The coarse part of flax or hemp. Hurdy-gurdy, hur'-de-gur'-de, s. A stringed instru¬ ment of music whose sounds are produced by the friction of a wheel, and regulated by the fingers. Hureaulite, hew'-ro-lite, s. A vitreous, transparent mineral of a reddish-yellow colour. Hurl, hurl. v.a. To throw with violence; to drive with great force; to play at a kind of game. — v.n. To move rapidly ; to wliirl. — s. The act of throwing with violence; tumult; riot, commotion. Hurl-bat, hurV-hat, a. A wMrl-bat; an old kind of weapon. Hurlbone, hurl'-bone, s. In a horse, a bone near the middle of the buttock. Hurled, hurld, pp. of the verb to hurl. Hurler, AwW'-cr, a. One who hurls, or plays at hurl¬ ing.—In Scotla^id, one employed in cairying stones, peat, &c. Hurlwind, hurV-wind, s. A whirlwind, which see. Hurly, hur'-le, 1 s. Tumult; bustle, Hurly-burly, hur'-le-hur'-le,) confusion._ Huronite, heuZ-ron-ite, s. A lustrous mineral of a light-yellowish green, which occurs in boulder stones in the neighbourhood of lake Hui'on. Hurrah, hnr-rd'. An exclamation of joy or surprise. Hurricane, hur'-re-kane, s. A violent storm, distin¬ guished by the vehemence of the wind. Hurried, hur'-rid, pp. or a. Hastened ; urged or im peiled to rapid motion or vigorous action. Hurriedly, huiZ-rid-le, ad. in a hurried manner. Hurriedness, huiZ-rid-nes, s. State of being burned. Hurrier, hur'-re-er, s. One who huiTies, urges, or impels. HuRRiEs, htir'-res, s. Timber stages, having spouts by which coals are shot into vessels. Hurry, huiZ-re, v.a. To drive or press forward, or impel with violence ; to hasten; to accelerate. — v.n. To move or act with haste; to proceed with celerity or precipitation. — s. A driving or pressing forwai-d in motion or busi¬ ness ; pressure; urgency to haste; tumult; bustle commotion. Hurrying, hur'-re-ing, s. The urging to greater speed; rapidity of motion. Hurry iNGLY, hur'-re-ing-le, ad. In a hurrying manner. Hurry-skurry, huiZ-re-skur'-re, ad. Confusedly ; in a bustle. Hurse-skin, hurseZ-skin, s. The hard tuberculated skin of a fish, from which shagreen is made, to cover lancet- cases, pocket-books, &c. Hurst, hurst, s. A wood or grove. Hurt, hurt, v.a. To bruise ; to give pain by a contu¬ sion, pressure, or any violence to the body; to wound; to harm ; to damage; to impair; to injure. — s. Anything that gives pain to the body; a wound, bruise, or injury. Hurter, hurt'-er, s. One who hurts or does harm. Hurters,/ ittri'-cra, s.pl. Pieces of wood at the lower end of a platform, to prevent the wheels of gun-cai*. riages from injuring the parapet. Hurtful, hurf-ful, a. Occasioning loss or destruction, tending to impair or destroy; pernicious; destructive. Hurtfully, hurt'-ful-le, ad. Injuriously; mischievously. Hurtfulness, hurf-ful-nes, 8. Injuriousness ; mis¬ chievousness. Hurtle,^ hur'tl, v.n. To clash or run against, to josUe. —X v.a. To movA with ’^olence or impetuosity, t« push forcibly. HUETLE [ 494 ] HYDEOOAEBUEET Hcrtle, s. The name of a hor«e in Scotland. JluRTE£BEB.RT, hiir'tl-ber-re, s. A whortleberry. liuRTLESs, hurt'-les, a. Harmless; doing or receiving no injury , innoxious. ttuRTLEssLY.-t hurt'-les-le, ad. Without harm. HcRTL.E.ssNES8,-t hurt'-les neSy s. lYeedom from any harmful quality. Hurtoir, hurt'-uawry g. In fortification, a piece of timber placed at the head of the platform next to the interior stone of tlie parapet, for the purpose of pre¬ venting the wheels oi the gun-carriages from ro llin g upon the interior slope. Husband, hxiz’-band, s. A man contracted or joined to a woman by marriage.—In natUical language^ the owner of a ship who manages its concerns in person. —J An economist; a good manager ; a farmer. — v.a. To direct and manage with fnigality ; to use with economy ; to cultivate with good management; $to supply with a husband. Husbandable, hnz'-band~&-bl, a. Manageable with economy. Husbandage, AMa'-6anrf-rye, s. The commission allowed to the agent or managing owner for attending to a ship’s business. Husbanded, huz'-band-ed, pp. of the verb to husband. Husbanding, huz'-band-ing^ s. The laying up or econo¬ mizing , fmgal management. Husbandless,/ i7f2'-6G/ia-Z«s, a. Destitute of a husband. Husbandly,^: huz'-band-le, a. Frugal ; thrifty. Husbandman^ huz'-band-7nan, s. A farmer; a culti¬ vator or tiller of the ground; tthe master of a family. Husbandry, hnz'-band-re, s. The business of a faimer; farming ; agriculture ; frugality • domestic economy. Hush, /imsA, a. Silent; still; quiet. — v.a. To silence; to calm ; to make quiet; to repress noise.—To /msh up, to suppress ; to keep concealed. — v n. To be still; to be silent. — interj. Silence ! be still! Hushed, husht, pp. of the verb to hush. Hush-money, hjish'-mun-e, s. A bribe to secure si¬ lence. Hush-mush, kush'-mush, s. A state of guarded silence, so as not to be discovered. Husk, husky s. The external covering of certain fruits or seeds of plants. — v.a. To strip off the external integument or covering of the fruits or seeds of plants. HusKEDV^is*^, PP- Stripped of its husks. — a. Covered with a husk. Huskily, hus'^ke-le, ad. In a husky manner; dryly; roughly. Huskiness, /iifs'-Ae-nes, s. The state of being dry and rough, like a husk. Husking, husk'-ing, s. The act of stripping off husks. Husky,/ ins'-Ae, a. Abounding with husks; consisting of husks ; dry ; rough, as sound. Hussar, huz-zar, s. A mounted soldier or horseman. Hussite, hus'-site, s. A follower of John Huss, the re¬ former of Bohemia. Hussy, huz'-ze, s. A bad or worthless woman; Ja thrifty woman; a case containing a set of sewing materials, from whence huswife. Hustings, hus^-tings, s.pl. A court held in Guildhall, London ; the place where the election of a member of Parliament is held. Hustle, hus’sl, v.a. To shake together in confusion ; to push or crowd. Huswife, huz'-zif, s. See Houseavife. Hut, but, 8. A small house, hovel, or cabin j a cottage. — v.a. To place in huts. — v.n. To take lodgings in huts. Hutch, hutch, s. A chest or box ; a corn-chest or bin ; a case for rabbits ; a rat-trap. — v.a. To hoard . to lay up as in a chest. HUTCHiNsoNiAN, hutch-in-so'-ne-au, s. A follower of the sect of John Hutchinson. Hex, huks, v.a. To fish for pike with hooks and lines fastened to floating bladders. Huzz,t huz, v.n. To buzz. Huzza, huz-zii', s. A shout of joy. — v.n. To utter a loud shout of joy or acclamation. — v.a. To receive or attend with shouts of joy. Huzzaing, ^Mz-za'-inp, 8. A shouting with joy; a re¬ ceiving with shouts of joy. Hyacinth, hi'-A-sinth, s- A beautiful btilbous-rooted flowering plant of many varieties.—In mineralogy, a red >anety of zircon, sometimes used as a gem. m xYiuue OI or resemnung White swelling of the riYACiNTHirrB, hi-A-sinth'-ine, hyacinth. Htades, W'-*-rfes, I s.pl. A citisier of five stars in ths n'tA-Ds, hi'-ada, j face of Taurus. Hyaline, hi'-A-lin, a. Resembling orconsisting of glass. Hyalite, hi -d-tite, 8 . Muller's glass, a vai-iety of opal Hyalitis, hi-A-h'-tis, s, Inttanimation of the hvaloi’rt membrane of the eye. ^ Hyaloid, hi’-A-loyd, a. Vitriform ; resembling glass. Hyalosiderite, hi-A-lo-sid’-er-ite, s. A mineral of a yeUoYvtsh brown colour, and vitreous lustre. Hybernate, &c. See Hibernate, &c. Hyeodonts, hi-ou donts, s.pl. A sub-family of extinct snarKs. Hybrid, hi'-brid, s. A mongi’el; an animal or plant. produced from the mixtuj-e of two species. Hybrid, hi'-brid, la. Mongrel; produced from Hybridous, ht -brid-us, f the mixture of tYvo species Hydage, hi'-daje. See Hidage. Hydarthrus, hi-dar'-thrus, s. joints. Hydatid, hi[-dA-tid, s. See Hydatis. Hydatis, hi'-da-tis, s. A kind of small woi*m, a genus of entozoa, found in various textures and cavities of the human body.—In pathology, a term applied to all encysted humours containing an aqueous fluid Hydra, hi'-dra, s. A water serpent-In mytholoqv,^ serpent or monster, represented as having many h^ds slam by Hercules; hence, any manifold evil.— A genui of minute fresh water polyps; a southern constella¬ tion, contaming sixty stars. Hydracid, hi-dras'-ia, s. hydrogen. Hydraoooue, M' dra-gog, s. A medicine that occasions a discharge of watery humoiu'S. Hy-dral, hi'-dral, s. In botany, a term applied to an alliance of plants, consisting of unisexual aquatic Hndogens, with perfect or imperfect flowers ; some- times called Hydrates. Hydrangea, hi-dran'-je-A, s. An aqueatic flowering plant; a genus of flowering shrubs. Hydrant, hi'-drant. s. A pipe or machine, by which Yvater is raised and discharged. Hydrargillite, hi-drar'-jil-lite, s. A mineral, called also wavellite. HYDR.ARGo-CHLORiDE,/ii-rfrGr'-yo-A:/o'-nd,8. A compound of bichloride of mercury (corrosive sublimate with another chloride. An acid whose base Hydrargyrosis, hi-drar~je-ro'~sis,^. Mercurial friction. Hydrargyrum, hi-drar'-je-rnm, s. Quicksilver. Hydrarsine, hi-drar’-sm, s. An ethereal volatile pro' duct, soluble in water, and of a very fetid smell. Hydrates, hi'-drates, s.pl. Compounds containing defi¬ nite proportions of a metallic oxide with water. K'i-D-B.s.vLxc, hi-draw'-liky ) a. Pertaining to hy- Hydraulical, hi-draw'-le-kal,] draulics, or to fluids in motion.—Hydraulic cements are prepared by the calcination of argillaceous limestone, and have the property of hardening under yf'a.xer.—Hydraulic press, a heavy iron macliine worked by water-power for acquiring great pYOSsnie.—Hydraulic ram, a kind of force-pump for raising small quantities of water to heights considerably above the source of supply. Uydraulicon, hi-draw'-le-koH, s. The water-or'^an ■ an ancient musical instrument acted upon by water. Hydraulics, hi-draw'-liks, s. The science of fluids in motion. Hydrenterocele, hi-dren-ter’-o-sele, s. A hernial tumour. Hydriad, Ai'-dre-arf, s. The name of a kind of water- nymph. Hydriodate, 8 . A supposed salt formed by the hydriodic acid with a base. Hydriodic, /it-rfr/’-or/'-*/:, 8 A peculiar acid, composed of hydrogen and iodine. Hydrobrom.ycitb, hi-dro-brom'-A-site, s. A mineral of a whitish colour, with red spots, from silicated peroxide of iron. H^ DROBROMic, a. Composed of hydro¬ gen and bromine. ^ ^ Hydrocarbon, hi-dro-kar'-bon, 8 . A compound of hydrogen and carbon. Hydrocarbon ATE, hi-dro-kar'-bon-ate, s. Carbureted hydrogen gas. Hydrocarbonic, hi-dro-kar-oon'-ik, a. An epithet applied by chemists to an inflammable gas. Hydrocarburet, hi-dro~kar'-bu~ret, s. Carbureted hydrogen • a compound of hydrogen and carbon. HYDEOCELE [ 495 ] HYLJIOSAUKUS llTDaocBLB, hi' dro-sde, s. A dropsy oE the vaginal tunic of the spermatic cord. Hydrocephalus, hi-(iro-sef'~A~his, 8. Dropsy of the head. Hy'drochaRidai E^, hi-dro-kaV'e-da'-se-e, s. A natural ordej" of Endogenous plants, belonging to the Hydi’al alliance of Lindley. Hydrox^hemistrv, Ki-dro-ketn'-is-trey 8. That depart¬ ment of chemistry which relates more especially to water and other fluids. Htdrochlorate, hi-dro-klo'-rate, s. A supposed com¬ pound of hydrochloric acid and a base ; it is really a chloride. Hyurockloric, hi-dro-klo'-riky a. Muriatic acid,acom- pound fff clilorme and hydi*ogen gas. Hydrocyanate, hi-dro-si'-d~nate, s. A supposed com¬ pound of hydrocyanic acid with a base. Hydrocyanic, hi-aro-si-cin'-iky a. A term, applied to an acid whose base is hydrogen, and its acidifying principle cyanogen, being another name for prussic acid , a deadly poison. Hydrodynamic, hi-dro-di-nam’~ik, a. Pertaining to the force or pressure of water. Hydrodynamics, s. That branch of natural philosophy which treats of the properties and relations of water and other fluids. Hydroflcate, hi-dro-jiu'-ate, s. A supposed compound of liydi'ortuoric acid and a base. Hydrofluoric, hi-dro-fiu-or'-iky a. Consisting of fluorine and hydrogen. Hydrogen, hi'~dro-je>i, s. In chemistry, a highly in¬ flammable gas, vvhich constitutes ime of the elements of water, and is the lightest of aeriform bodies. Hydrogen.^te, v.a. To combine hydro¬ gen with anything. Hydrogeni/b, hi'-dro-jen-ize, v.a. To combine with hydrogen. Hydrogenus, ht-drcy'-en-us, a. Pertaining to hydrogen. Hvdroorapher, hi-droy'-rd-fer, s. One who draws maps of or describes the sea, lakes, or other waters. Hydrographic, > a. Relating to Hydrocjr.aphical, j or containing a description of the sea, or other waters.— Hydro¬ graphic Office is the department of the Admiralty where the results of naval surveys are received, and official charts prepared therefrom. Hydrography, \i-arog'-rd-fe,8. The art of measuring and describing the sea, lakes, rivers, and other waters; or the art of fonning charts of the sea, &c. Hydroouret,+ hi-drog'-u-ret, s. A compound of hydi’o- gen with a base. Hydrolite, hi'-drol-ite, s. A mineral, occurring in prismatic crystals. Hydrological, hi-dro-l a. Dropsical; diseased H vdropical, hi-drop'-e-kal, | with extravasated water. Hydropneumatic, hi-dro-7iew-mat'-ik, a. An epithet given to a vessel of water, used for the collection ol gases in chemical experiments. Hydrops, /u'-dro/>s. Is. In pathology, a generic Hydropsy, hi-drop'-se, j term which comprehends every morbid accumulation of serum in the cavities of the body. Hydropthalmia, hi-drop-thal'-me-d, s. Dropsy of the eye. Hydro-salt, hi'-dro-salt, s. A salt supposed to be formed by a hydracid and a base. Hydroscope, hi^-d7-o-skope, s. A kind of water-clock. Hydroselinates, hi-dro-se'-le-nates, s. In chemistry, a family of salts, formed by a combination of liydi’O- selenlc acid with saltfiable bases. Hydrostat, hi'-dro-stat, s. An apparatus for prevent¬ ing the explosion of steam-engines. Hydrostatic, hi-dro-stat'-ik, » a. Relating to the Hydrostatical, hi-dro■ staff-e-kal, j science of weigh¬ ing fluids, or hydrostatics.—Hyi'frosZoJic balance, a balance for weigliing subiicances In water, for the purpose of ascertaining their speidflc gravities.— Hydrostatic press, a machine for obtaining an ennr- m^»ms pressure tlirough the medium of water. Hydrostatically, hi-dro-stat'-e-kal-le, ad. According to hydrostatic principles. Hydrostatics, hi-dru-stat’-iks, s. The science which treats of the properties and pressure of fluids at rest. H ydrosulph ate, hi-dro-suV-fate, Is. A combina- Hydbosulphuret, hi-dro-suV-fu-ret,] tion of sul- phureted hydrogen with an earth, alkali, or metallic oxide. Hydrosulphureted, hi-dro-sul'-fu-ret-ed, a. Com bined with sulphureted hydrogen. Htdrosolphurjc, hi-dru~sul-/u-rik, a. Appertaining tf sulphureted hydi’ogen. Hy^rothorax, hi-dro-tho'-raks, s. Dropsy in the chest Hydrotic, hi-di'ot'-ik, a. Causing a discharge of water, — 8. A medicine that purges off water. HyI'Rous, hi'-di’us, a. Watery ; anything which caitains water in its composition. HYDRoxANTHATEjt hi-droks-au'-thate, s. A compound of hydroxanthic acid with a base. Hyd ioxANTHic,-j-a. An acid formed by the action of alkalies on the deutosulphuret of cai*^ :>on. Hydb OXIDE, M-droA:s'-id, s. A metallic oxide combined wifli water; a metallic hydrate. Hydruret, /li'-dm-rei, s. A combination of hydrogen destitute of acidity. Hydrps, hi'-drus, s. A water-snake; a constellation near the South Pole. Hyemal, hi-e'-7nal, a. Belonging to winter; done in winter. Hyemate,:}: hV-e-mate, v.n. To winter at a place. , Hyemation, 8 . The passing or spending of a winter in a particular place. Hyena, hi-^-na, s. A quadruped about the size of a dog, of a fierce and untamable character. Hygeian, hi-je'-e-an, a. Relating to Hygeia, the goddefs of health. Hygieika, hi-je-i'-nd, '»s. Health, or the art .>r Hygieine, hi'-je-ine, J* science of preserving Hygiene, hi'-je-een, ) health. Hygienic, hi-je-en'-ik, a. Pertaining to health. Hygrolo-sy, hi-grol'-o-je,8. The doctrine of the fluids or humoui’s of the body. Hygrometer, hi-grom'-e-ier, s. An instrument for measuring the moisture of the atmosphere. Hygromei Ric, hi-gro-met'-rik, 1 a. Pertaining to Hygromey Ric al^ hi-gro-rnet'-re-kal, ] hygronietry readily absorbing and retaining moistui’e. Hygrometry, hi-grom'-e-tre,8. The art of measuring the moisture of the air. Hygboscope, hi'-gro-skope, s. The same as hygrometer. HygroscoP'C, hi-gro-skop'-ik, a. Having the property of readily imbibing moisture from the atmusphoro. Hygrostati':s,$ hi-gro-siat'-iks, s. The science of com- pai’ing decrees of moisture. Hyke, hike, s. A loose Arabian gannent. HvLiEOSAUBus, hi-le-o-san''-7Hs. s. An cx'.iiiL*. HYLAECHICAL HTPOGASTEOCELE [ 406 ] which blended the osteology of the crocodile and the lizara. Hylarchicax^ hi-lar'-he-Tcalf a. Presiding oyer matter. liYLOBATEs, ht~l9-ha'~tes, 8. A genus of Quadrumana; the gibbous or long-armed apes. Hyloist, ft One wlfo believes matter to be a god. s. The doctrine or belief that matter is God, or that there is no God except matter and the universe. Hycozoic, hi-lo-zo'~ik, s. One "who holds matter to be instinct with vitality. ~ a. Pertaining to hylozoism. Hylozoism, s. The doctrine that matter possesses the mstinctiveness of life. HVlozoist, hi-lo-zo'-iat, s. One who holds that matter has a species of animation. HYMEN,hi'-men, 8. (Lat.) A fabulous deity, supposed m preside over marriages.—In anaiowy, the virginal menibrane.~In botanyy the fine pellicle which incloses a flower in the bud. Hymeneal, ^t-wen-e'-aZ, la. Pertaining to mar- Hymenean, hi-men-ff-any) riage. — s. A marriage song. Hymenomycbtes, hi-men-o-mis^-e-teSy s. A tribe or order of Fungi. Hymenopter, hi-men-op'-tery Is. In entomology, j terms applied to insects like the bee, having four membranous wings. Hymenopteral, ^t-men-op'-^er-aZ, la. Having four Hymenopterous, hi-tnen-op'-ter-usj \ membranous wings. Hymn, Am, s. A song or ode in honour of God. hymns m song; to worship by singing ^ v.n. To sing in praise or adoration. Hymnic, htm'-7iik, a. Relating to hymns. Hymnolooist, hi7n-7iol'-o-jisty s.' A composer of hymns Hymnology, hun-7wl'-o-jey s. A collection of hymns, ^ton^^ue ^ term denoting a bone of the Hyoscyamin, hi ~ o - si'-‘&-miny Htoscyamina ’ ■ Hyoscyama IN, hi-o-si’-i-min, J s. An alkaloid ob- iNA, Ai-o-n-ntn'-c-nd, V tained from hen- niger j bane, or Hyoscyamus Hyoscy amus, hi-O'Si'-d-mWy s. Henbane. Hyp, hip, s. A disease; depression of spirits. — v.a. 1 0 make melancholy; to depress the spirits. HTPiETiniAL, hi-pe'-th.ral, a. In ai'chitecture, a term applied to a building or temple without a roof. 8. In gramma7\ a. figure con- sistmg of a mutual change of cases. Hyper, Ai'-per. A Greek preposition, frequently used denote excess, or something over, or Hyperbattc, a. Transposedi inverted. Hy. erbaton, hi-per-ba'-tun, s. In yrawi/wa?*, a figura- tive construction, inverting the natural aud proper order of words and sentences. ^ Hyperbola, hi-per'-bo-ld, s. In yeome^»*y, a curve formed by a section of a cone, when the cutting plane makes maices^^ ^ with the base than the side of the cone rheioricy a figure of truth^ which expresses much more or less than the HyPERBOLio, At-»er-6oy-iA, la. Belonging to or ^^~P^^~^ol'-e-knly 1 having the ^•‘ 2 ;:“"'X"'''^^l'^^-P^r-bol-e-kaly\ having the nature ot the hyperbola; exaggerative; exceeding the truth Htperbolically, hi-per-boV-e-kaUUy ad. With exag¬ geration. Hyperboliform, hi-per-boV-e-fawrmy a. Having the form of a hyperbola. uie Hypbrbolism, hi-per'-boUizniy s. The use of hyperbole, ^boies^^^^^^* s. One who uses hyper- Hyperbolize, hi-per*-bol-izey v.n. To speak with exae- geration. ® — v.a. To exaggerate or extenuate. Hyperboloid, Ai-per'-6o-loyd, s. A solid formed by the revolution of a hyperbola about its axis. ^ Hyperborean, hi-per-bo'-re-an, a. Northern; very cold. — 8. An inhabitant of the northern regions. Hypercarbureted, hi-per-kar'-bu-ret-ed, a. Havina- the largest proportion of carbon. ” ^'-P^-^''ff'(^-^s.~Hypochondriac complaints are a combination of melancholia and dyspepsia, consisting in gloomy ideas and dejection of spirits. j oo. li'iP-o-koif-dre-ak a. Pertaining to the hypochondria, or the parts of the body so cafied , affected by a disease, attended with depression of spirits. — 8. A person affected with debility or melanchoiv. Hypochondriacally, ad. In a hypochondriacal manner. Hypochondriacism, hip~o-ko7i-dri*~h-sizm,\%. A disease My'Pochondriasis, hip-o-kon-dri'-A-sis, j character¬ ised by depression of spirits ; melancholy. Hjpochondrjum, hip-o-Kon'-dre-um, s. The hvnochon. driac region, situated below the short ribs. Hypocist, hip'-o-sisty s. An inspissated juice of an astringent nature. Htpocrateriform, hip-o-kra-ter^-e-fawrm, a. Salver- shaped, applied to the calyx or corolla of a plant. Hypocrisy, he-pokf-re-se, s. Simulation ; a feigning to be what one is not; dissimulation : false pretence^ ^hrr.lo7:i*&eSe/- 0—‘^^feigns^to be what Simulating; coun- mmives.* * character; concealing one’s real ■''"'th Simula- non, with a f^se appearance of what is good Hypogastric, A»p-o-oay-friA, a. Kelating to the hypo geiiy‘“”‘’P®” P*' lower^r^ion of the Htpoqastrocele, hip-o-gas’-tro-sele a A homi. through the walla of the low”r belly. HIPOGENE [ 497 ] ICHTHYOSIS HvPooENE, hip‘~o~jene, a. A term applied to a class of rocks which haye not assumed their present form and structure on the surface of the earth, but have appa¬ rently been thnist up from below. Hypogetjm, hip-o-je'-uniy s. A name given by ancient architects to all the parts of a building which were under ground. Hypoqyn, /lip'-o-j'm, 8. A hypogynous plant. ^ Hypogynous, hi-p ducted, badly conducted; Ill-considered, not well con sidered; Ill-defined, not well defined; Ill-deserved not well deserved; Ill-devised, not well devised; Hi- directed, not well directed ; Ill-disposed, not well dis- osed; Ill-equipped, not well equipped ; Ill-faccd, aving an ugly face ; Ill-fated, unfortunate ; HU favoured, ugly, ill-looking, deformed; Ill-fitted, not well fitted; Ja-/ormerf, not well formed; Ill-framed, not well framed; ILl-furnished, not well turnished. Ill-habited, not well habited; Ill-imagined, not w'elj imagined ; Ill-informed, not well mformed ; Ill- judged, not wen judged; Ill-looking, having a bad look ; Ill-manned, not Yvell furnished with men ; III- mp.ajiing, meaning ill or evil; Ill-modelled, badly modelled, Ill-omened, having unlucky omens; 111 pieced, not well pieced; Ill-proportioned, not well proportioned; Ill-provided, not well provided; Ill- requited, not well requited ; Ill-sorted, not well sorted ; Ill-sorting, nbl well sorting ; Hl-stam'ed, fated to be unfortunate ; Ill-stored, not well stored; Hl- suppressed, not fully suppressed ; lU-temipered, of bad temper, morose ; Ill-timed, done or said at an unsuit¬ able time ; Ill-trained, not well trained or disciplined. Ill-worn, not well worn. H prefixed to words beginning with I stands for m, and usually denotes a negative ; or it denotes to or on, and merely augments or enforces the sense, as iu the word illuminate. Illacerable, il-las'-er-d-bl, a. That cannot be torn. Illacrymablb, il-lak'-re-md-bl,Q.. Incapable of weep- ing. Illapse, il-lap^, s. A sliding in; an immission or entrance of one thing into another. lLLAauEATE,t U-lakf-we-atc, v.a. To ensnare; to en¬ tangle. Illaqueation,+ il-lak-we-a'-shun, s. The act of en¬ snaring ; a catching or entrapping ; a snare. iLLATioNjt il-la'~shu7i,s. An inference from premises; a conclusion. Illative, iV-ld-tiv, a. That may be inferred. Illatively, iV-Id-tiv-le, ad. By illation or conclusion. Illaudable, il-law'-dd-bl, a. Not worthy of appro¬ bation. Illaudaely, ad. In a manner unworthy of praise. Illecebrous, il-le*-se-hrus, a Full of allurement. Illegal, il-le'-gal, a. Contrary to law ; unlawful. Illegality, il-le-gaV-e-te, s. Unlawfulness. Illegalizb, il-le'-gal-ize, v.a. To render unlawful. Il-leqally, il-le'-gal-le , ad. Unlawfully. Illegalness, il-le'-gal-nes, s. The state of being illegal. Illegibility, il-l^-e-bil'-e-te, s. Tbe quality of being illegible. Illegible, il-lej'-e-bl , a. That cannot be read. Illegibleness, il-lqj'-e-bl-7ies, s. State of being ille¬ gible. Illegibly, il-l^'-e-ble, ad. In a manner not to be read. Illegitimacy, s. State of being bom out of wedlock ; not of legitimate origin. Illegitimate, il-le-Jit'-e-7ndte, a. Born out of wedlock; spurious ; unlawful; contrary to law. — v.a. To render illegitimate ; to bastardize. Illegitimately, il-le-jit'-e-mate-le, ad. Not in wedlock. Illegitimation, il-le-jit-e-ma'-shim, s. The state of one not born in wedlock. Illeviable, il-lev'-e-d-bl, a. That cannot be levied or collected. Illiberal, il-lil/-e-ral, a. Not free or generous * net ingenuous; of a contracted mind. Illiberality, il-lib-er-al'-e-te, s. Narrowness of mind contractedness; meanness. Illiberalize, il-lib'-er-al-ize, v.a. To make illiberal. Illiberally, il-lib'-er-al-le, ad. Ungenerously; un- candidly. Illicit, il-lis'-it, a. Prohibited ; unlawful. Illicitly, il-lis'-it-le, ad. Unlawfully. Illicitness, il-list-it-nes, s. Unlawfulness. Illicitous, tl-list-it-us, a. Unlawful. Illimitable, il-lim'-it-d-bl, a. That cannot be limited boundless; immeasurable. ILLIMITABLY [ 500 ] IMBASTARDIZE iUuminate; to en ; to make Ught or That whicli Ulumi To iiiiMiTiBiT, il-Um’-it-H-ble, ad. 'Without possibility of aeing boimaed; without limits. ' ^'uiim’tewe”’ «• "Tlie state of being Illihited, a. Unbounded; not iimit»d. iLLiMiTEDNEss, il-lim'-it-ed~neSf s. Boundlessness ILLINITION, il-le-nish’-un, s. A thin ci-ust of some extraneous substance formed on minerals ; a rubbinff m of an ointment or liniment. ® ItLiTEaiCT, il-lit’-er-A-se, s. The state of being un¬ taught or unlearned: ignorance. Illiteral,:!: a. Not literal. *™fi^^ed.'^“^®«®red; untaught; ImiTERATENEss, il-Ut'-er-ate-nea, s. -Want of lpgmir.o. • Ignorance of letters, books, or science. ® Illiteratdre,+ il-lW-er-d-ture, s. Want of leamine. ti-na'-^cAwr, s. Habitual bad temper: want of kindness. ^ * ILE-NATCRED, U-na'-tchurd, a. Of habitual bad temper ■ peevish; cross. ^ ’ rrx-NATUREDLY, U-mi'-tchurd-lef ad. In a peevish or troward manner. Ill-naturedness, il-na*-tchurd-neSj s. Crossness of temper; want of kindly disposition. bSamty * > ‘itidisposition; sickness Ignorant or negligent of the rules of logic or correct reasoning. ILIOQICALIE, il-lqj’-e-hal-le, ad. In a manner contrary to the rules of correct reasoning. ^ Illooicalness, il-lof-e-kal-nes, s. Contrariety to sound reasoning. ^ ^^o’nabfe time"^’ ” attempt at an unsea- *.“5”’ s- unkind or ungenerous act. ^^ecelve!*'^^"^^’ artifice; to Illume, il~lum.efy 1 v.a. To Illumine, il-lu'~minyj lighten bright; to adorn. Illuminant, il~lu'-me-nant, s. nates. Illuminate, il-lu'^me-nate, v.a. To eniiffhtpn • throw Ught on; to adorn with festal lamps or bon¬ nes ; to adorn with ornamental letters, pictures, and other pamtmgs; to iUustrate. ^ '-i-ui.ea, dnu — a. Enlightened. PP- of the verb to iUu- ILLUMINATI, il-lu-me-na'-ti, s.pl. A sect of heretics ™ Spain about the year 1575; the name given to certain associations in modem Europe, who were said to have combined to over- throw the existing rehgious institutions. illuminating, il’lu~me-na'-ting, s. The adomino- nf manuscripts and books. aaommg ot Illumination, U-lu-me-na'-sh\tnyS. The act of illumi- rendering luminous, or supplying with hlhf ’ splendour ; infusion o?inte5ectual practice ofadornmg manuscripts and books JSion letters and pictures; Wine taspi! ''“f Having the power IniuMiNATOR, il-M-me-na-tur, s. He or that whicu UgM; one whose occupatton N l?tmTpttu"rt?,lf^‘“ books with ornWen“ted IiM PP- of the verb to illumine. mumS. s- Tte principles of the Illuminize, it-lu'-me-nize, v.a. To initiatp in+vx +v.ee doctrmes or principles of the IlluiWati. ^ ^ swT’decepWm”’ appearance; false giTen to illusion. ^ fmf ’ deceiving by false show; deceit- ad. By means of a false show Ur-si®-ncs, s. Deception; false show iLtDsoRY ti-i«'-sw-e, a. Deceiving or tending to deceive by faiw appearances; fallacious. ® “ IiiusTRATE, tl-lus'-trate, v.a. To make clear or liimi nr distinguished; to brighten; to expkSi or elucidate; to make clear or obvious what is ^Rrk’ PP- of the verb to mmtrate, ^ briffh^ nr 9- The act of renderity teight or glorious; explanation; elucidation; an eS gravmg or picture designed to illustrate. Illustrative, il-lus'-trd-tiv, a. Having the oualitv oi elucidatmg and making clear what is obscure ^ " iLLusTRATivELT. ii-ius'-trd-Ws-ic, ad. By way of fflus- traUon or elucidation. ^ nay ui mus ^''Se“s^Sr.‘^’'*“*'^™’'“’'’ “■ illustrates or e- Serving to illustrate. al-l«^-tre-us, a. Distinguished by the hrftoH greatness; famous ; conspicuous; cele- brated; conferrmg honour or renown. Illustriously, il-Vus'-tre-m-le, ad. Conspic'iouslv ■ emmently ,; with dignity or distinction. ^ ^ ' iLLusTaiousNESs, il-lus'-tre-us-nes, s. Eminence of cha¬ racter; grandeur; glory. oaucuvuiia iLLUxuaious, il-lukt-u'-re-US, a. Not luxurious. ‘-k®V Unkmdpr hostile feeling; enm>fv. ^ AfV-!?*®"'’*®’-.' -d-hlsck metallic mineral, o..n- sistmg of titanic acid and oxide of iron usually the representative r’ eupS“ changed to in, for the sake c< I’M, ime, contracted from Tom. ^ representation or simlUtude of any person or thing formed of a material substance or that IS an object of worship; an idol,“^ picture; semblance; show; appearance ; an idea * a conception; a picture drawnV fancy.-In rhetoi-i^, of anything in discourse.—In optics, figure of any object made by rays of light proceeding from the several points of it. ^ ^ tKSid.”» Imageable, irn'-aje-ii-bl, a. That may he imaged. Imageless, tm -nje-les, a. Having no image, s. Sensible representations, pic¬ tures, on statues; show; appearance ; forms of the fancy; lively descriptions; figures in discourse idofa^f s. -Worship of images; Imaginable, tm-aj'-in-d-bl, a. That may or can ba imagined or conceived. ^ ^ mSine?!"^’ ad. In an imaginable Imaginant, im-af-in-ant, a. Imagining; conceiving Imaginabt, a. E^ting^only in fraagi- nation or fancy; ideal; fanciful; ehimeri^l ^ IMAGINATION, tm-aj-in-a'-shun, s. That facultv of thp mmd which forms mew^ combinations of id^s from the materials stored up in the memory ; concention • the mind; idea; an uns7udTfSltoi a- IMU of imaginations; ^imaghiatlve.^^^’ s. State of being form a notion or idea in the ^rtiieSd.™*’^^™ “ purpose; to fancy, conceive, oi conceive: to have a notion or idea. fS; cTnWeT the mind Onelwho forms ideas, or 9; The act of forming an image. Imagining, tm-aj -m-iwj, s. The act of forming i^gea *'.”*“”* ’ , ) ®- minister of the Mohammefan IntS '■®hgmu, corresponding with a J.MAN, t-wan, ) parish pnest ; a MohammeduTi prince havmg supreme spiritual as weU a8^top,?ral Imban, im-han\ v.a. To excommunicate. Imband, xm-hand', v.a. To form into a band or haudH xai-ss-jiv “ wi “"bSs?» Imbankment, xm-bankf-meiit, s. The act of surrmindinf E«‘^iS“x^« ^ inclosur”?b°/a^’S;r‘^SX xw-harkf. Embark. iMBARK,!}: im-harn\ v.a. To denosif in a IMBASE, Xm-bas,r. See EmW^^ ® Teuertte.'"’''* fm-toy-tor-disc, v.a. To render d- IMSATHE [ 501 ] IMMEDIATELY iMfeATHK, T.a. To bathe all over. iMBEAj), im-beed', v.a. To fasten with a bead. Imbecils, iyn-be-seel', a. Destitute of strength, either of body or ot mind; weak; debilitated. — B. One destitute of strength, either of body or mind. —t To weaken. Imbbcilitate^ im-be-sil'-e-tatef Y.Si. To weaken; to render feeble. Imbecility, im-he^siV-e-te, s. Want of strength; weak¬ ness ; feebleness of body or mind; impotence of males Imbed, im-bed', v.a. To sink or lay In a ted; to place in a mass of earth, sand, or other substance. Imbedded, im-bed'-ded, pp. or a. Laid or enclosed. iMBELLic,t im-bel'-lik, a. Not warlike or martial. _ Imbenchino, im-bensh'-infff s. A raised work like a bench. Imbibe, im-hibe', T.a. To drink in; to absorb, as moisture; to admit into the mind ; to Imbue. Imbibed, im-bibe’d', pp. of the verb to imbibe. JjiBiBEB., im-bi'-ber, s. He or that which imbibes. Imbibition, im-bi-bish'-un, s. The act of imbibing or drinking in. Imbitter, iyn-bilf-tBT^ v.a. To make bitter; to render distressing; to exasperate; to render more violent or malignant. ^ Imbittered, iin~bit'-terd, pp. or a. Made unhappy or painful. Imbittereb, im-bif-ter-er, s. That which makes bitter. Imbody, ini-bod'-e. See Embody. Imboil, im-boyl', v.n. To effervesce; to rage. Imbolden, im-bole'-den. Embolden. Imborder, im^bawr’-dery v.a. To furnish or Inclose with a border; to adorn with a border. Imdordered, im~bciwit^-derdy pp. of the verb to im¬ border. Imbosk, v.a. To conceal; to hide. — v.n. To lie concealed. Imbosom, im-boo'~zuniy v.a. To hold in the bosom; to cover fondly with the folds of one’s garment; to caress; to surround. Imbosomed, im-boo'-zunid, pp. or a. Held in the bosom; caressed; inclosed. Imbound,+ iin-bownd\ v.a. To inclose in limits, to shut in. , ^ Imbow, im-bo'y v.a. To arch, to vault; to make of a circular form. Imbowed, im-bode'y pp. or a. Arched; vaulted; made of a circular form. Imbower, ini-bou/-er. See Embower. Imbowment, i7H-bo'~menty s. An arch; a vault. Imbox, im-boks'y v.a. To inclose in a box. Imbrangle, un-brang'gly v.a. To entangle. Imbreed, im-breed'y v.a. To generate within; to in¬ breed. , . , Imbricate, im'-bre-kate, ) a. ^ Bent and hollowed Imbricated, j like a roof or gutter tile.—In botanyy lying over each other, like tiles on a roof. . _ . Imbrication, im-bre-ka'-shun, s. A concave indenture, like that of tUes; tiling. Imbroglio, itn-brol'-yo, s. (Ital.) Intricacy; a com¬ plicated plot. Imbrown, tni-brotvn'y v.a. To make brown; to obscure; to darken. Imbrue, ini-bru', v.a. To wet or moisten; to drench, as in blood. ,, ■ Imbrued, im-brude'y pp. of the verb to imbrue. Imbrument, itn-bru'-menty s. The act of imbruing, or saturating with moisture. Imbrute, iin-brut^y v.a. To degrade to the state of a brute. - v.n. To sink to the state of a brute. Imbruted, im-bru'-tedy pp. or a. Degraded to brutisb- Im^ue, im-bu'y v.a. To tinge deeply; to cause to im¬ bibe, as the mind. Imbued, im-bud(f. pp. of the verb to imbue. Imbument, im-bu'-meyity 8. A deep tincture. Imburse, tin-burs', v.a. To stock with money. Imbursement, im-burs'-menty s. The act of supplying money; money laid up in stock. Imbution, im-bu'-shun, s. Act of imbuing. Xmitability, im-e-td-biV-e-tey s. The q[uality of being imitable. ^MiTABLE, im'-e-td-bly a. TIat may be imitated or copied; worthy of imitation. Imitate, im'-e-tatCy v.a. To follow in manners; to cc*py in form, colour, or q^uality; to counterfeit. Imitation, im-e-ta'-s7iun, s. The act of following U manner, or of copying in form; likeness; reseni blance; a free method of translating. Imitative, im'-e-ta-tivy a. Inclined to follow ia manner; aiming at resemblance; formed after model, pattern, or original. Imitatively, im'-e-ta-tiv-Uy ad. In the way of imi¬ tation. Imitator, s. One who follows in manner or deportment; one who copies, or attempts to make the resemblance of anything. Imitatorship, im'-e-ta-tur-snip, s. The oflBce or state of an imitator. Immaculate, im-mak'-u~latey a. Spotless; pure; un¬ stained ; undefiJed .—Immaculate Conception is the Romish doctrine that the Yirgin Mary was born without original sin. Immaculately, im-mak'-u-late-lCy ad. With spotless purity. Immaculateness, im-mak'-u~late-neSj s. Spotless purity. Immalleable, im-maV-le-d-bly a. Not malleable; that cannot be extended by hammering. Immanaclb, im-man'-d-kly v.a. To put manacles on; to restrain from free action. Immanation, im~md-na'-shun, s. A flowing or enter¬ ing in. lMMANB,t im~mane^, a. Vast; huge; very great. Immanely, ad. Monstrously; ciiielly. Immanency, im'-md-nen-sey s. Internal dwelling. Immanent, im'-md-nenty a. Inherent; intrinsic; in¬ ternal. Immanity, im-man'-e-te, s. Barbarity; savageness.^ Immanuel, im-man'-u-ei, 8. God with us; a name given to the Saviour. Immarce88ible,+ im-mar-ses'-se-hl, a. Unfading. Immartial, im-mar'-shaly a. Not martial; not warlike. Immasx, im~mask'y v.a. To cover as with a mask. Immatchablb, im-match'-d-bl, a. That cannot be matched; peerless. Immaterial, im-md-t^-re-aly a. Not material; not consisting of matter; incorporeal; unsubstantial; unimportant. Immaterialism, im-m&-te'-re-al-izmy s. The doctrine o‘ the existence or state of immaterial substances ot spiritual beings. Immaterialist, im-ma-te^-re~al-ist, s. One who pro¬ fesses immateriality. Immateriality, im-md-te-re-al'-e-te, 8. The quality Of being immaterial, or not consisting of matter. Immaterialized, im-md-te'-re-al-ize'dy a. Rendered immaterial; distinct from matter. Immaterially, im-mct-te'-re-al-le, ad. In a manner not depending on matter; in a manner unimportant. Immaterialness, im-md-te'-re-al-neSy s. The state of being immaterial; immateriality. Immateriate,:|: im-md-te'-re-ate, a. Not consisting of matter; incorporeal; immaterial. Immature, im'-md-teior, ) a. Not mature or ripe; Immatured, im-md-teivrd', / unripe ; not perfect; not brought to a complete state. Immaturely, im-md-teivr'-le, ad. Too soon; before the natur^ time. Immatureness^ 1 8. Unripeness; in- iMiiA.'rvRiTYy im-md-tew'-re-te, j completeness^ the state of a thing which has not arrived to perfection. lMMEABiLiTY,t im-me-d-bU'-e-te, s. Want of power to pass. Immeasurable, im-mezh'-ur-d-bly a. That cannot be measured ; immense; indefinitely extensive. Immeasurableness, im-mezh'-ur~d-bl-nes, 8. The state of being incapable of measure. Immeasura-bly, im-mezh'-ur-d-blCy ad. To an extent not to be measured; immensely. Immeasured, im-mezh'-urd, a. Exceeding common measure. Immbchanical,$ iw-me-A;an'-e-AaZ, a. Not consouant to the laws of mechanics. Immechanically,$ im-me-kan'-e-kal-le, ad. Incon¬ sistently with the laws of mechanics. Immediacy, im-m^-de-d-sey s. Power of acting without dependence. Immediate, im-medef-yet, s. Proximate; acting with¬ out a medium; instant; present; without the inter¬ vention of time. Immediately , le, ad. Without the intw- IMMEDIATEiTESS [ 502 ] IMMUTABLY Tention of any other cause or eyent, without delay or tlie intervention of time; directly ; instan¬ taneously. »3!MEDiATENES8, im-med^-yet-neSy I. Presence with reg:ard to time; exemption from second or inter¬ vening causes. (uMEDiCABLE, im~m^’-e-h\-bly a. Not to be healed: incurable. Immelodioub, im-me-lo'-de-u8y a. Not melodious. Immemorable, im-mem'-or-d-bly a. Not to be remem¬ bered ; not worth remembering. Immemorial, im-me-mo ra-al, a. Beyond memory; of time or duration whose beginning s not remem¬ bered. ^mueuorially, tm-me-mo'-re-al-le, \d. Beyond memory. Immense, im-mens^y a. Absolutely without bounds or limits; vast in extent; very great; huge in bulk; very large \ infinite ; immeasurable. Immensely, ad. Infinitely; withoutli^ts or measure ; very greatly. Tmmenseness, vH-niegd-neSy s. Unbounded greatness. Immensity, im-men'^-te, s. Unlimited extension; an extent not to be measured ; i nfin iTy , greatness. tMMENscRABiLiTY, im-mensu-rit-biv e-tCy s. Impossi¬ bility to be measured. Immenscrable, im-men'-8u-r&~bl a. Not to be mea- suj'eti, iuimeasurable. Immense rate, i>n-7nen'-8u-rate Immerge, im-met^e'y fluid. Unmeasured. To plunge into or under a — v.n. To disappear by entering into any medium. Immerit,4: im-mer'-it, s. Want of worth. lMMEaiTODs,t ini-mey'-e-tus, a. Undeserving. Immerse, itn-mer»\ v.a. To put under water or other fluid ; to plunge , to dip ; to cover wholly. Buried ; covered ■ sunk deon. Immersed, hn-^nersf, pj of the verb to immerse. Immersion, tm-mer'-s/itm, s. The act of putting into a fluid below the surface ; the state of being over¬ whelmed or deeply engaged.—In astronomy, the dis¬ appearance of a celestial body by entering into anv medium. ^ Immesh, im-mesh'y v.a. To entangle in the meshes of a net. Immeshed, xm-mesht', pp. of the verb to immesh. Immethodical, im-me-thod'-e-kal, a. Havingnomethod- without systematic arrangement; without order or regularity. Jmmethodicallv, im-me-thod’-e-kal-ley ad. Without order or regularity. Immethodicalnesw, im-me-thod'-e-kal^neSy s. Want of method. Immigrant, im'-me-granty s. A person who removes into a country for the purpose of permanent resi¬ dence. Immigrate, im'-me-grate, v.n. To remove into a coun- tiy for the purpose of permanent residence. Immigration, iin-me-gra'-shun, s. The passing into a country for the purpose of residence. Imminence, im'~me-nense, s A hanging over; impend¬ ing evil or danger. Imminent, im'-me-nentyR. Hanaring over; impending- threatening. Imminently, ad. In an imminent man¬ ner or degree. Imminglb, v.a. Tomingle; to mix; to unite with, Imminution, im-me~new'-shun,s. Alessening; diminu¬ tion ; decrease. Jmmiscibility, im~mis-8e-bil'-e-te, s. Incapacity of being Iyimiscible, im-mis^-se-bl, mixed. Imjiission^ im-mish'-un, s. ing in ; injection. Immit, im-mit'y v.a. To send in ; to inject. Immitigable, im-mit'-e-gd-bly a. That cannot be miti¬ gated. Immitigably, im-milf-e-gd-hley ad. In an immitigable manner. Immitted. of the verb to immit. Immix, im-miks', v.a. To mix ; to mingle. Immixable, im-miks^-drbly a. Not capable of being mixed. ® iMMixT, J ^nx-m%k8i'y a. Unmixed. Immobility, im-mo-hiV-e-te. pdne:;s in plnco nr state a. Not capable of being The act of sending or thrust- 8. Unmoveablecess; fix- IimoDBEACT, im^mod'-er-d-sey 8. Excess. Immoderate, im-mod'-er-ate, a. Surpassing just oi usual bounds; not confined to suitable limits; ex¬ cessive ; exorbitant. Immoderately, im-mod'-er-ate-le, ad. Excessively - to an undue degree; unreasonably. ’ Immoderatenesb, im-mod'-er-ate-nes, 8. Excess • extra¬ vagance. Immoderation, im-mod-er-a'-shuuy s. Excess; want erf moderation. Immodest, im-mod'-est, a. Indelicate ; impudent; Im¬ pure ; wanting in purity or chastity; immoderate • exorbitant; unreasonable ; arrogant. Immodestly, im-mod'-est-le, ad. Without due reserve • indecently; unchastely. Immodesty, tm-mod'-es-te, s. Want of modesty; inde¬ cency ; unchastity. Immolate, im'-mo-late, v.a. To offer in sacrifice; to ’ Immolated, im'-mo-la-ted, pp. or a. Offered in sacri¬ fice. Immolation, im-mo-la'-shun. s. The act of sacrificing a sacrifice offered. Immolator, im-mo-la'-tuTy s. One who offers in sacri¬ fice, Immold, tm-moald'y v.a. To form; to mould. Immomentous, im-mo-men'-t\is, a. Unimportant. Immoral, im-mor'-al, a. Inconsistent with mor^ recti¬ tude ; contrary to the moral or divine law; wicked • impure ; unchaste ; profligate. * Immorality, im-mo-ral'-e-te^ s. Any act or practice which contravenes the divine commands or the social duties. Immorally, im-mor'-al-le, ad. Wickedly; viciouslv in violation of law or duty. ^ ’ lMMORiGEROD8,t im-mo-r^'-er-U8, a. Kude ; uncivil. liiMORiGERousNEsSjt i'nx-mo-rij'-er-u8-nea, s. Kudene^s disobedience. ^ * Immortal, im-mawr'-tal, a. Exempt from death having Ufe or being that shall never end ; destined to live through all ages; eternal; imperishable; incor¬ ruptible. * — s. One who is exempt from death. Immortality, im-mawr-taH-e-te, s. Exemption from death or oblivion; continued existence after death. Immortalization, im-mawr-tal-e-za'-shun, s Act' of immortalizing. Immortalize, tm-mat07''-tal-ize, v.a. To make per¬ petual ; to cause to live or exist while the world shall endure. —t v.n. To become immortal. Immortally, im mawr'-tal-ley ad. With endless ex¬ istence, or exemption from death. Immortification, im-maicr-te-fe-ka'-shun, s. Want of subjection of the passions. Immoveability, im-moov-d-bil'-e-te, s. Stedfastness that cannot be moved or shaken. Immoveable, im-moov'-d-hl. a. That cannot be moved from its place; not to oe moved from a purpose ■ stedfast ; fixed : unalterable ; unchangeable ; not susceptible; unfeeling ; not liable to be removed • pennanent in place. Immoveables, xm-moc/v'-d-bUy s.pl. In law, things which cannot be legally taken away in leaving a house, farm, &c. v ^ « Immoveablenkss, im-moo}/-d-bl-ne8, s. The Qualitv of being immoveable. ^ Immoveabli, im-mooxf-d-blc, ad. In a manner not to be moved from its place or purpose; imalterablv • unchangeably. * Immund, im-mundy a. Unclean. Immundicity, im-mun-disf-e-te,^. Uncleanness. li^tTNiTY, im-mexo'-ne-te, s. 'Freedom or exemption from obligation; exemption from any charge dutv office, tax, or imposition ; freedom. Immure, un-^newr* , v.a. To inclose within walls • to confine; to imprison. —t 8. A wall; an inclosure. Immured, hn-mewrd' , pp. of the verb to immure. Immusical, im-mew'-ze-kalf a. Not musical; inharmo« nious. Immutability, im-mew-td-bil'~e-te, s. Unchangeable¬ ness ; invanableness. * auie- im-mew'-td-bly a. Unchangeable ; unalt I^mutableneso, im-mew'-td-bl-nes, e. Unchangeab Immutably, xm-mex^ td-bl* ad. Unalterably, IMMUTATE [ 603 ] IMPEDITE Immutate, im-mew'-tatey a. Unchanged. Immctation, im-mew-ta'-shun, s. Change, alteration. Immutb, im-meiot'j v.a. To change ; to alter. Imp» imp, 8. A subaltern or puny devil; +a young offspring. ^ . . — v.a. To graft; to lengthen; to extend or enlarge by something inserted or added. Impacable,+ im-pct'-kd-bl, a. Not to be appeased or quieted. , ^ lMPACABLY,i' im~paf-li&-hl6, ad. In a manner not ad¬ mitting of being appeased. ^ Impact, im-paktf, v.a. To press or drive firmly to¬ gether. Impact, im'-pakt^ 8. Touch; impression; the act of striking. , Imp AGES, im-pa'-jeSf s. (Lat.^ In aTchitecturey the rails of a door. ... ^ Impaint, im-paynt'f v.a. To paint; to adorn "with colours. ^ ... . Impair, im-pare', v.a. To make worse; to diminish; to enfeeble ; to lessen in quantity, value, or excellence. _A v.n. To be lessened or worn out. ... Impair, im-pare', 1 8. Diminution ; de- iMPAiRMENTjt im-pare'-meiit,] crease ; injury. ^ Impaired, im-payrd', pp. or a. Diminished; injured; weakened. Impaireb, iiitrpa’-rer, s. He or that which impairs. MPALATABLE,^ ini-paV-d-tci-hl, R. Unpalatable. Impale, im-pale', v.a. To put to death by fixing on an upright sharp stake. See Empale and Empalement. iMPALLiDji im-paV-lid, v.a. To make pallid or p^e. Impalm, Im-pivyi', v.a. To grasp ; to take in the hand. Impalpability, im-pal-pd-oiV-e-te, s. The qimlity of not being palpable, or perceptible by the touch. Impalpable, irn-paV-pd-ol, a. Not to be felt; so fine as not to be perceived by the touch. x * -u., Impalpably, im-paV-pd-hle, ad. In a manner not to be felt. Impalsy, im-pawV-ze, v.a. To strike with palsy ; to paralyse; to deaden. a Impanate, im'-pd-nate, a. Emhodieu in hread. — v.a. To embody with bread. .x. .. Impanation, im-pd-na'-shuii, s. In theology, the sup¬ posed real presence and union of Christ’s materml body and blood, with the substance of bread in the Impanel, im-pan'-el, v.a. To write or enter the names of a jury in a list or on a piece of parchment, called a 'Dane! : to form, complete, or enrol a list of jurors. AMPARADisB, im~par*-&~dise, v.a. To put in a place of supreme feUcity; to make perfectly happy. Imparalleled,± im-pat''-al-leld, a. Unpar^eled. ^ Imparasyllabic, im-par-d-sil-ldb'-ik, a. Not consisting of an equal number of syllables. Impardonable, im-p'dr'-don-d-bl, a. Unpardoname. Imparipennate, im-par-e-pen'-nate, a. In botany, applied to leaves with a terminal leaflet. Imparity, im-par'-e-te, s. Inequality; disproportion; indivisibility into equal pai-ts; difference or degree, rank, or excellence. ^ ^ Impark, itn-p'drk', v.a. To inclose for a park; to make a park by inclosure. , Imparl, im-pdrV, v.n. To hold mutual discourse ; to have delay for mutual adjustment. x. i Imparlance, im-parl'-ans, s. Leave for mutual course.—In law, the continuance of a cause to another ImfZrt, im-pdrt', v.a. To bestow on another a share or portion of something; to convey the knowledge of something; to make known; to communicate, reveal, Impartan'ce, im-p'dr'-tans, s. Communication of a Impartation, im-pdr-ta'-shun, s. The act of imparting or conferring. ^ . Imparted, im-part'-ed, pp. or a. Communicated, granted. , . xMpARTER, im-pdr'-ter, s. One who r^arts. Impartial, im-pd)''-shal, a. Not partial ; not biassed m favour of one party more than another; unprejudiced; disinterested. Impartialist, im-pdn shal-ist, s. One who is impartial. Impartiality, im-pdr-she~aV-e-te, s. Indiffi^snce of opinion or judgment; freedom from bias in favour oi one side or party more than another; dismterested- Impartiali.t, im-pdr'-shal-le, ad. 'WTthout bias of judgment; without prejudice. Impartibility, %m-pdr-te-bil*-e-te, 8. The quality oI not being subject to partition; quality of admitting of communication. Impartible, im-pdr'-te-bl, a. Not partible or subject to partition ; that may be imparted or communicated. Impartment, nn-por^'-meti^, 8. The act of imparling* disclosure. _ ^ ^ , Impassable, ini-pas'-sd-bl, a. That cannot be passed not admitting a passage ; impervious ; impenetrable. Impassableness, im-pa^-sh-bl-nes, s. The state of being Im^stfs^Yrtm-pAs'-sA-b^e, ad. In a manner or degree that prevents passing, or the power of passing. _f._ /L. \ <9 F.xpmntioi tiictL UlCVCiavo L/ciooixxj^ , •• — * /7 » Impassibility, im-pas-se-bil'-e-te, )S. Exempti^from Impassibleness, im-pas'-se-bl-nes,] pam or suffering; insusceptibility of injury from external things. Impassible, im-pas'-se-bl, a. Incapable of pain, paa Sion, or suffering. ^ ^ _ . Impassion, im-pash'-un, v.a. To move or aiiett strongly with passion. Impassionable, im-pash'-un-a-bly a. Excitable; easily roused to anger. Impassionate, im-pash'-Wb-ate, v.a. To affect power** —^^^^Strongly affected ; without passion or feeling. Impassioned, im-pash'-und, a. Actuated or agitated by passion ; animated ; excited. Impassive, im-pas'-siv, a. Not susceptible of pain or suffering. Impassively, tm-pas'-sii’-Ze, ad. Without sensibility to Impassiveness, tm-pa^-siv-nes, s. The state of being insusceptible of pain. ^ • Impassivity, im-pas-siv'-e-te, s. The quality of being insusceptible of feeling, pain, or suffering. _ Impastation, im-pas-ta'-shun, s. A union or mixture of different substances by means of cements. Impaste, im-payst', v.a. To knead; to inake irito paste.—In painting, to lay on colours thick and Impasted, im-paysff-ed, pp. or a. Concreted, as into paste; pasted over. Impatible, im-pat'-e-bl, a. Intolerable. Impatience, im-pa'-shense, s. Uneasiness under pain or suffering; restlessness. .. , o Impatient, im-pa'-shent, a. Uneasy or fretful un^er suffering ; not bearing pain with composure ; hasty; not enduring delay. —t s. One who is restless under suffenng. Impatiently, im-pa'-shent-le, ad. W^ith uneasiness or restlessness. Impatronization, im-pat-ron-e~za'-shun, 8. Absolute seignory or possession. , , -i#- Impatroiuze, tm-paif-ron-i%e, v.a. To gam to one s sell the power of any seignory. Impawn , im-pawyi', v.a. To pawn; to pledge; to deposit as security. .. ^ x. Impeach, im-peefch', v.a. To call in question; to charge with impropriety; to call to account.—In to charge with a crime or misdemeanour; $ to hinder; to impede. —is. mndrance. ^ *• Impeachable, im-peetch'-ci-hl, a. Liable to accusation » chargeable with a crime; accountable. Impeached, im-peeckt', pp. of the verb to tynpeach. ^ Impeacheb, im-peetch'-er, s. An accuser by authority , one who calls in question. , x. Impeachment, im-peetch'-ment, s. Hindrance ; op- struction; an accusation brought against a public ofldeer for maladministration in his office ; the act of impeaching. . , ,, , Impe\rl, im-perV, v.a. To form in the resemblance of pearls; to decorate with pearls, or things resembling Impeccability, im-pek-k&-bil'-e-te, ) s. The guaiity of Impbccancy, iyyi-pek'-kan-se, / not being liable to sin ; exemption from sin, error, or offence. Impeccable, iyn-pek'-kci-bl, a. Not liable to sm ; exempt from the possibility of sinning. Impede, iwi-pced', v.a. To hinder; to retard. Impedible, im-ped'-e-bl, a. That may he impeded. Impediment, im-ped'-e-ment, s. Hindrance ; obstruc¬ tion ; that which prevents distinct articulation m Impedimental, im-ped-e-men'-tal , a. Hindering ; ob¬ structing. . ^ . . lMPEDiTE,t im'-pe-dite, v.a. To impede. — a. Fuidered. IMPEDITION [ 601 ] IMPEETINEET IMPEDITION, im-pe-dish’-tm, s. A hinderlnip. iMPEDiTiYE, im~ped'~e~tiv, a. Causing hindrance. Impel, y.a. To drire or urge forward; to excite to action ; to instigate. Jmpelled, im-peldf, pp. of the verb to impel. a. Haying the quality of im- — s. A power or force that driyes forward; impulsiye power. ’ ^ Impeller, tm-pel'-ler, s. He or that which impels. Xmpen, mi-pen', y.a. To pen; to shut or inclose. Xye-ToTtoateV- Impbudemcb, im-pen'-dmse, 1 s. The state of hanging Impendenot, tm-pen'-deH-se,/ oyer: near approach- a menacing attitude. > ■“ approacn, ^hrea^ning^"^^^^^"^^”^* Hanging oyer; imminent j ‘“-f a. Hanging oyer; menacing. Jmpenethabilitt, im-pen-e-trd-biF-e-te, s. the quality unpenetrable.—In natural philosophy, that matter by which it excludes ail other matter trom the space it occupies; insusceptibility of intellectual impression. ^ Impenetrable, im-pe.n'-e-tr&-hl, a. That cannot be pierced; not admitting the passage of other bodies • im- pervious; not to be viewed by the eye of the intellect. ■^^^^n^trableness, tm-pen'-e-tra-bl~nes, s. Impenetra- Impenetrablv. im-pen'-e-trh-ble. ad. With soUdity or baldness that admits not of being penetrated. -.Impenitence, is. Want of penitence • JMPENITENCT, %m-pen'~e~ten-sej] absence of contrition • ODduracy. ’ im-pen'-e-tent, a. Not penitent; not con- — s. One who does not repent; a hardened sinner IMPENITBNTLY, im-pen'-e-tcnt-le, ad. Without repent¬ ance or con&ition for sin. repent Impennate, im-pe7i'-7iate. 1 a. Haying no wings ; terms 1 applied to swimming birds, as penguins, &e. ° Impeople, tm-pe'-pl, y.a. To form into a community Im-peeant, tm'-pe-ran(, a. Commanding. Impebate, tm'-per-ate, a. Done by impulse Imperative, xm-per'-d-tiv , a. Commanding; authorita¬ tive.—In gra77\mar, that form of the verb which expresses command, exhortation, &c command; lMPERAT0RiAL,t im-per-d-to'-rc-ai, a. Commanding. IMPEBATORINE, i77i-per-d-to'-7-i7i, s. Au aci’id subsmnee extracted from the root of I//iperatoria ostrulixm IMPERCEIVABLE, im-perseev'-d-bl, a. Imperceptible tibleness.^'*^*'*^*^’ ’’"'^’cr-ster' d-U -nes, s. Impercep- iMPERcEPriBLE, im-per-sep'-te-bl, a. Not to be ner- + 'ccry smaU; minute in dimensions. ^ —js. lhat which cannot be perceived by the senses Imperceptibleness, im-per-sep'-te-bl-7ies, 1 s. The oua- impem^pHble"’ } lity of bllng 'ToTe“p™?iyed’’”-^'’-“^'-^“-“^’ " “'‘“cr not X7h4^‘p7wertT/rcS^e“-“^’ or or quality lMPERniBLE.+ xm-per'-de-bl, a. Not destructible. ^ Not finished ; not com- fect 0 . part; not perfect in tat“- —Ht ^rointnur, the imperfect tense denotes an action m time past, then nresent but not finished.—In music, incomplete.—In^toionu’ wanting either stamens or pistils.—Jmper/ec< number OTdMsom.** aUqnot parts’ ^v.a. To make imperfect. ISIPERPECTION, tm-per-/e4'-jh«n, s. Incompleteness- ® P’*ct or of something neces¬ sary to complete a thmg.—In book-binding a sheet or signature wanting to complete a book ^ n^ERPECTLT im-per'-fekt-le, ad. In an Imperfect manner or degree; not completely. P •’"-Pcc'-Zsif-ncs, 6. The state of being *“tSomtd“’ a. That cannot he Imperforate, xm-per'-for-ale, a. Not perforated at pierced; haying no opening. iMPERPoRATEn, im-per-foT-a’-ted, a. Not perforated havmg no pores. Impekporation, im-per-for-a'-shun, s. The state ot bemg not pertorated, or -without any aperture. Imperial, im-pef-re-al, a. Pertaining to an empire, or .pertaining to royalty ; denoting sove reignty , anything of large size, as Imperial paper; a gild coin of different dates and values, current ir Kussia for ten roubles, or nearly £113s.—In architec¬ ture, the term is appUed to a kind of dome, broad “I’c^^and tapering towards the top, as in l^oorish — 8. A tuft of hair on a man’s lower lip. im-pe'-re-al-ist, s. One who adheres or emperor emperor; a subject or soldier of an im-pe-re-al'-e-te, s. Imperial power ; tin mines*&c™ emperor to a share of the produce ol ^”emperor*®°’ a. Belonging to an Imperially, im-pe'-re-al-le, ad. In a royal manner. Imperialtt, tm-pe -re-al-te, s. Imperial power. Imperil, tm-per'-tl, y.a. To bring into danirer. Imperious, tm-pe'-re-us, a. Having the air or snirit c/ fetation, haughtiness, or arrogance ; dictatorial or amhoritat1vl.““®“*’ “'‘PaWe of being resisted, Imperiously, im-pef-re-us-le, ad. With arrogance ol command; with a haughty air of authority Imperiousness, im-pe'-re-us-nes, 8. Authority; air ol command; haughtiness. uiuoiii,y , air oi Imperishable, im-per'-isk-ii-bl, a. Not snbiect tn decay; indestructible; eyerlaking. ■' o?beteg ™rLhiwf '"aWrmaXr’. ad. In an imperish- Imperiwigoed, im-per’-e-wigd, a. Wearing a -wig. ^ maSene’e!”™’ s. Want of per- '>^-P<'r'-’»^-«ent, a. Not permanent. Impermeability, xm-per-me-d-bil'-e-te, s. The Quality them!'^*^* permitting a fluid to pass through Impermeable, im-per’-me-d-bl, a. A term annlied to them^ permit fluids to pass'^through ^1mpTrme’’awr''’ State of being ^ maSner':^''’ ad. In an impermeable i”<-Per-sl:revj'-tlt-bl-7ies, s. State of not being capable of scrutiny. a. In grammar, applied to guTa^Vifhfho^® ^ PersSn sin- guiar, with the nominative xt. tL“'o7pertonS^^^^^ *• “ “dis- Impersonate, im-pey''-sun-nte, v.a. To invest with t^pt, son^ty or the bodily substance of a living being^ to Mcribe the qualities of a person ; to per™#ify ® sonfofi PP- or a. Made per- »- Embodiment or pe“smHyfa“.^ invested with personaUty; the act ol Imperspicuity, im-per-spe-kew'-e-te, s. Want of ner spicuity, or clearness to the mind. nToTeM!”''''’ a- Not perspicuous Impersuasible, im-per-su>a’-ze-U, a. Not to be irinvea by persuasion or argument. "ot to oe moved I=^ESp; Z^pfr’-Z-ZZe ,} “• p?rfiLln^«:'> trifling; foolish ; ruZfofflcteis ^ “ not^o^fg'SM^i.^® a,-,„ IJ.rPERTINElTTLY [ 505 ] IMPONDEEABLE iMrERTiVEXTtYj tm-per^-te-neut-iej ad. Without rela¬ tion to the matter in hand; oflaciouslv; intrusiTely. Impeutransibility^ im-per-trans-e-bil'-e-tef s. The quality of not bemg capable of being passed through. Impertransible, un-per-tran^-e-bl, a. Not to be passed through. Imperturbable, im~per~tur'-h&-bl, a. That cannot be disturbed or agitated'; permanently quiet. Imperturbation, im-per-tur-ba'-shioiy s. Preedom from agitation of mind; calmness. Imperturbed, im-per-turbd'y a. Undisturbed. Imperviable, im-per'-ve-d-bl, a. Impervious. Impehviableness, im-per'-ve-d-bl-nes ,) s. Impervious- Imperviability, %m~per~ve-ii‘bil'-e-te,] ness. Impervious, ini-pev^-ve-us, a. Not to be penetrated or passed through; not penetrable ; not to be pierced by a pointed instrument; not penetrable by light; not permeable to fluids. Imperviously, ini-per'-ve-ns-le, ad. In a manner to prevent passage or penetration. Imperviousness, im-per^-ve-u^'nesy s. The state of not admitting a passage. ImpesteRjI im-pe^-ter, y.a. To vex; to tease. Impetiginous, im-pe-tij'-en-us, a. Of the nature of impetigo. Impetigo, im-pe-ti'-go, s. A cutaneous eruption of yellow pustules. Impetrable, im'~pe-tr&-blj a. That may be obtained by petition. Impetratb, im'-pe-tratey y.a. To obtain by request or entreaty. Impetration, im-pe-tra’-shun, s. The act of obtaining by prayer or petition. Impetrative, im'-pe-tra-tivy a. Tending to obtain by entreaty. Impet^atort, im'-pe-tra-tur-e, a. Beseeching; con¬ taining entreaty. Impetuosity, im-pet-u-os'-e-te, s. A rushing with violence and force ; vehemence ; furiousness of temper. Impetuous, i‘m-peif-u-^ls, a. Rushing with violence; moving rapidly; vehement of mind; moving with precipitancy. I.mpetuouslt, im-pef-u-us-le, ad. Yiolently; forcibly. Impetuousness, im pet'-u-us-nesy s. A driving or rushing with kaste and violence; fury; vehemence of temper. Impetus, hn'-pe-tusy s. Torce of motion; the force with which any body is driven or impelled. Impictured, im-pikt'-yure'dy a. Painted; impressed. Impiercb, im-peers'y v.a. To pierce through; to pene¬ trate. Impierceable, im-peers'-&-bl, a. Not to be pierced or penetrated. Imfierced, im-peerst'y pp. Pierced through. Impiety, im-pi'-e-te, s. Irreverence toward the Supreme Being; neglect of the divine precepts; any act of wickedness; blasphemy; ungodliness; unrighteous¬ ness. lKPiGNORATE,-i* im-pig'-uo-rate, v.a. To pledge or pawn. 1mpignoration,+ %m-pig-7io-ra'-shuny s. The act of pawning. Impinge, v.n. To fall against; to strike; to dash against. Impingement, im-pinj'-menty s. Act of impinging. Xmpinqdate,^ im-ping'-gwate, v.a. To fatten; to make fat. Impious, im'-pe-us, a. Irreverent; wanting in venera¬ tion for God and his authority ; irreligious; profane. Impiously, imf-pe-us-Uy ad. With irreverence for God; profanely; wickedly. Impiousness, im'-pe-us-nesy s. Impiety; contempt of God and his laws. Impish, iwp'-ts/i, a. Having the qualities of an imp; fiendish. Implacability, im-pla-kA-biV-e-tey) s. The quality of Implacableness, im-pla'-k&-bl-nes,) not being appeas¬ able ; inexorableness. Implacable, t7n-pia'-Ad-6Z, a. Not to be appeased; stub¬ born or constant in enmity; inexorable; irrecon¬ cilable. Implacably^ im-pla'-kd-ble, ad. With enmity not to be pacified; mexorably. Implant, im-plant'. v.a. To set, plant, or infix, for the purpose of growth; to instil; to infuse. Implantation, *w-ptan-vn country from a foreign state. Importless, $ im-porte'-lesy a. Of no weight or conse¬ quence. Importunacy, im^pawr'-tU’-nd-set s. The act of impor¬ tuning; importunateness. Importunate, a. Pressing or urging in request or demand; urgent and pertmacious in solicitation; urgent. Importunately, tm-pawr'-tu-nate-le, ad. With urgent request. Imfortdnatbness, im-paior'-itt-nate-nes, s. Urgent solicitation. Importunator4 im-pawr^-tu-7ia-tur, s. One who im¬ portunes. Importune, im-pawr-tewn', v.a. To request with urgency ; to press with solicitation. —i a. Pressing in request; urgent; unseasonable. Importuned, im-pawr-tewnd'^ pp. of the verb to im~ porttme. iMPoRTUNELYjt im-pawr-texon'-Uf ad. With urgent solicitation; troublesomely. Importuner, im-pawr-texo'-ner^ 8. One who is impor¬ tunate. Importunity, im-pawr-teio'-ne-tet 8. Pressing solicita¬ tion ; urgent request. Importuous, im-paior'-tU’USf a. Without a port, or harbour. Imposable, im-pozef-d-hlj a. That may be imposed or laid on. Imposableness, im-poz^-&-hl-ne8f s. State of being imposable. Impose, im-poze', v.a. To lay on, as a burden, tax, toll, duty, or penalty; to obtrude fallaciously.—Among printers, to arrange the pages for printing, and prepare the form for the press.—To impose m, to deceive; to cheat. —$ 8. Command ; injunction. Imposed, im-poze'd', pp. of the verb to impose, Imposement, im-poze-ment, s. Imposition. Imposer, im-poze'~er, 8. One who lays on; one who enjoins; an extortionate person. Imposing, ivi-pozef-ing, a. Commanding; adapted to impress forcibly; extortionate. — s. Among printers, the act of putting the pages of a sheet in proper order on the imposing-stone, and pre¬ paring them to be printed.— Imposing-stone is the stone on which the pages or columns of types are impos9d, or made into forms Imposingly, tm-poz^-ing-ls, ad, in an impoilng manner. Imposition, im-po-zish'-uti, 8. The act of laying on hands in the ceremony oi ordination ; the act of set¬ ting on or affixing to; a task; that which is imposed, a tax, toll, duty, or excise laid by authority; oppres¬ sion; imposture. Impossibility, im-pos-se-bil'-e-te, s. The state of being not possible to exist; impracticability. Impossible, im-pos'-se-bl, a. Impracticable; not fea¬ sible. Impost, im'-post, s. Any tax imposed by authority.—In architecture, that part of a pillar, in vaults and ai-ches, on which the w.eiglit of the building rests.—'Tribute ; excise. Imposthdmate, im-po^-tu-mate, T.n. To form an. abscess; to gather. — v.a. To affect with an imposthume or abscess. Imposthumation, im-pos-tu-xna’-shun, s. The act oi forming an abscess; an imposthume. Imposthume, twi-pos'-iMme, s. An abscess; a collection of pus or purulent matter in any part of an animal body. Impostor, im-pos'-tur, s. One who imposes on others ; a person who assumes a character for the pui’pose of deception. Imposturage,$ im-po^-tu-rej,s. Imposition. Imposture, im-po^-ture, s. Deception practised under a false or assumed character; cheat; fraud. Impostured, im-pos'-Uire'd, a. Having the natui'e of imposture. Imposturous,$ im-pos'-tu-rus, a. Deceitful. Impotence, im'-po-tense, ) s. Want of strength or Impotency, im'-p6-ten-se, j power, animal or intel¬ lectual ; weakness; feebleness; inability; imbecility. Impotent, im'-po-tent, a. Weak ; feeble; wanting strength or power; wanting the power of propaga> tion ; wanting the power of restraint- — 8. One who is feeble, infirm, or languishing under disease. iMP-aTENTLY, im'-po-tent-U, ad. Weakly, without power over the passions. Impound, im-poiond', v.a. To put, shut, or confine in a pound or close pen; to confine. Impounded, im-pozvn'-ded, pp. of the verb to impound. Impounder, im-pown'-der, s. One who impounds the beasts of another. Impoverish, im-pov'-er-ish,Y.si. To make poor; to re¬ duce to poverty or indigence. Impoverished, im-pov'-er-isht, pp. or a. Reduced to poverty; exhausted. Impoverisher, im-j)ov'-er-ish-er, s. One who makes others poor; that which impairs fertility. Impoverishing, hn-pov^-er-ish-ing, ppr. or a. Making poor ; exhausting. • iMPovERisHLY, ad. So as to impoverish. Impoverishment, im-pov'-er-ish-ment, s. Depaupera¬ tion ; a reducing to indigence ; exhaustion. Impracticability , im-prak-te-kd-biV-e-te, 1 s. The state Impracticableness, im-prak'-te-kd-hl-nes, | or quali'^ of being beyond human power, or the means proposed; impossibility. Impracticable, im-prak'-te-kh-hl, a. That cannot be done or performed; impossible; infeasible; stubborn. Impracticably, im-prak'-te-kd-ble, ad. In a manner or degree that hinders practice. Imprecate, im'-pre-hate, v.a. To invoke as an evil on any one; to pray that a curse or calamity may fall on one’s self. Imprecated, im'-pre-ka-ted, pp. of the verb to impre¬ cate. Imprecation, im-pre-ka'-^xm, s. The act of imprecat¬ ing, or invoking evil on any one; a prayer that a curse or calamity may fall on any one. Imprecatory, im'-pre-ka-tur-e, a. Containing a prayer for evil to befal a person. Imprecision, im-pre-sizh'-un, 8. Want of precision or exactness ; defect of accuracy. Impregn, im-preen', v.a. To impregnate. Impregnable, im-preg’-nd-bl, a. Not to be stormed or taken by assault; able to re-sist attack; not to be moved, impressed, or shaken. Impregn ABLY, im-pre^-nd-b\e,eA. In a manner to re¬ sist penetration or assault; in a manner to defy force. Impregnate, im-pre^-nate, v.a. To infuse the principle of conception ; to make pregnant, as a female animal; to render prolific; to infuse particK^s of one thing into another. IMPKEaUATE [ B07 } IMPEOVIDENT l.MvaEGNATE, a. Impregnated; readcred prolific or fruitful. Impregnated, im-preg-na'-ted^ pp. or a. Made preg¬ nant or prolific; fecundated. Impregnation, im-preg-na'-shun^ 8. The act of fecun¬ dating and rendering fruitful; that with which any- tliing is impregnated ; satui’ation. lMPRBJuDicATE,t im-pre-jew'-de-kate, a. Not pre¬ judged, unprejudiced; impartial. IiiPREPARATioNji* im-pTep-ar-a'-shxm, s. "Want of pre¬ paration ; unreadiness. Imprescriptibility, im-pre-skrip>-te~biV-e-te, s. The state of being independent of prescription. Imprescriptible, im-pre-skrip'-te-bl, a. Thatcannotbe lost or impajrea by non-usage. Impress, im-pres', v.a. To imprint; to stamp ; to make a mark or figui’e on anything by pressure; to print; to fix deep , to seize; to take by compulsion for public service. Impress, inV-pres, s. A mark or indentation made by pressure; the figure or image of anything made by pressure; stamp; likeness ; device ; motto ; act of compelling to enter into military or naval seiwice.— Impress^money, sums paid to men who have been compelled to serve. Impressed, im-prest', pp. or a. Imprinted; stamped; marked by pressure; compelled to enter public service. Impressibility, im-pres-se-hiV-e-te, s. The quality of being impressible. Impressible, im-pre^se~hl, a. That may be impressed; that may receive impressions. Impressibly, im-pres'-se-blej ad. In a manner to make impression. Impression, im-presh'-un, s. The act of impressing; mark; indentation; stamp made by pressure; mage in the mind; idea; a single edition of a book; indis¬ tinct remembrance; copy of an engraving taken from a plate or block; sensation excited by a work of art or a beautiful landscape. Impressionable, a. Capable of being impressed. Impressive, tm-pre^-siVj a. Malting or tending to make an impression; solemn ; capable of being impressed, susceptible; impressible. Impressively, im~pre^-siv~le, ad.^ In a manner to touch sensibility, or to awaken conscience. Impressiveness, im-pres^-siv-nes, s. The quality of being impressive. Impressment, im-pres'-ment, s. The act of impressing men into public service. Impresscre, im-presh'-ur, s. The mark made by pressure; indentation. Imprest, im'-prest, s. A kind of earnest-money; loan; money advanced .—Imprest Office is one of the I Admiralty departments in Somerset House, so called from attending to the business of loans or advances to paymasters. Imprest, im~prest', v.a. To advance on loan. Imprevalence, im-prety-d-lense, 8. Incapability of pre¬ vailing. Imprimador, im-prim^-&~dore, 8. One who primes or lays the first colours on a piece of linen or board to be painted. Imprimatur, im-pre-ma'-tur, s. A licence to print a book, &c. ImprimerYjJ im~prim'-e-re, s. Impression; a printing- house ; art of printing. Imprimis, im-pri'-mis, ad. (Lat.) In the first place j first in order. Imprint, im-prhif, v.a To impress ; to mark by pres¬ sure ; to stamp letters and words on paper by means of types ; to print; to fix on the mind or memory. Imprint, tm'-print, s. The name of the publisher of a book, nevi-spaper, &c., with the place and time of pub¬ lication. Imprinted, im-prmt'-ed,,^p. of the verb to imprint. Imprison , im-priz'n, v.a. To put into a prison; to keep in a gaol, or to arrest and detain in custody in any place; to incarcerate. Imprisoned, im-priz'nd^ pp. or a. Confined in a prison or gaol ; restrained from escapb. IvPRisoNER, im-prizfzn-ery s. One who causes another to be confined in prison. Imprisoning, im-priz'zn-ing, s. Act of confining in prison. Imprisonment, iw-pHs'zn-mcnf, s. Act of putting and confining in prison; incarceration; custody; conflne- EiGut in a place; restraint of liberty.— imprison- mtnt is the illegal restraint or confinement of as} one, under coloui- of law. Improbability, im-prob-A-bil'-e-tej s. The quality ol being improbable; unlikelihood. Improbable, itn-prob'-&-bl, a. Not likely to he true. Improbably, hn-prob'-A-ble, ad. In a manner not likely to be true. ImprobatEjJ im'-pro-bate, v.a. To disallow; not to approve. ImprobatioNjJ im-pro-ba'-s?itin, s. The act of dis¬ approving. Improbity, im-proh'-e-te, s. That which is disapproved or disallowed; want of integrity; dishonesty. Improficience, Is. Want of pro- Improficiency, im-pro-fish'-e7i-se,) ficiency. Improfitable^ im-p7'of'-it-d-blf Si. Unprofitable. Improqressive, im-pro-gres'-siv, a. Not progressive. ^ iMPROLiFicd: hn-pro-lij'-ikf a. Not prolific; unfruit¬ ful. Improlificate,$ hn-pro-lif'-e-kate, v.a. To impregnate, to fecundate. Impromptu, im-proi7i'-tUj ad. Off-hand; without pre¬ vious study. — s. A piece made off-hand, or vrithout previous study ; an extemporaneous composition. Improper, im-prop'-evy a. Not proper; not suitable; unfit; not becoming ; not suited to a particular place or office; xinqualifled.— Ifnproper f7’actio7i, a fraction whose denominator is less than its numerator. Improperly, ad. Not fitly; in a manner not suited to the end; luRccuratelvj ungrammatically. Impropitiou8,$ im-prc-pi5 :V-us, a. Not propitious. iMPROPORTioNABLEji* i7n-pro-por'-shun-&-ld, a. Not proportionable. Improportionate,+ im-pro-por’-sh/iin-ate, a. Not pro¬ portionate. Impropriate, $ im-pro'-pre-ate, v.a. To appropriate to private use; to take to one’s self. — a. Devolved into the hands of a layman. Impropriated, im-pro'-pre-a-ted, pp. of the verb to hn- propriate. Impropriation, im-pro-pre-a'-shun, s. The act of putting an ecclesiastical benefice into the hands of a layman; the benefice impropria'ted. Impropriator, im-p7'o'-pre-a-tur, s. A layman who has possession of the lands of the church or an ecclesias¬ tical living. Impropriety, im-pro-pri'-e-tey s. Unfitness; unsuit¬ ableness to cha.racter, time, places or circumstances , inaccuracy in language. iMpRospERiTYj-t- im-pros-pe7''-c-tBy s. "Want of success. Improsperow,-!' im-pros'-per-uSj a. Not prosperous; not successful. Improsperously i77i-pro^-per-us-le, ad. Unsuccess¬ fully ; unfortunately. iMPE.osPEROusNESSji' im-pro's^-pev-us-neSy s. HI success. Improv.ability,_ im-proov-a-biV-e-tey s. The state or quality of being capable of improvement. Improvable, i7n-p7'oov'-d-bl, a. Susceptible of improve¬ ment ; capable of growing or being made better; that may he used to advantage; capable of tillage or culti¬ vation. Improvablenbss, i77i-p7'oov'-&-bl-7ieSy 8. Susceptibility of improvement. Improvably, im-prooi/~&-bl€y ad. In a manner that admits of melioration. Improve, im-proov', v.a. To make better; to advance in value or good qualities; to make productive; to ameliorate, correct, or rectify; to apply to practical purposes; to cultivate. — v.n. To grow better or wiser; to advance in good ness, knowledge, wisdom, or other excellence , to increase.— To improve o», to make useful additions or amendments to. Improved, pp. or a. Made better, wiser, or more excellent; advanced in moral worth; used to profit or good purpose. Improvement, im-proov'-me7ity s. Advancement in moral worth, learning, wisdom, skill, or other ex¬ cellence ; melioration ; instruction ; e^tication. Improver, im-proov'-cr, s. One who improves; that which improves, enriches, or meliorates. Improvided, ini-pro-vi’-ded. 2 i. Unforeseen; unexpected. Improvidence, im-prov'-e-dense, s. Want of providence or forecast. Improvident, im-prox/-e-denty a. "\\ anting forecast, or care to make provisions for fut\u*G exigency; incoD- aidcrato. IMTEOVIDENTLY [ SOS ] INALIENABLY Impbovidentlt, im priZ'-c ie,) s. The quality of Incapableness, i7i-ka'-pA~hl-7xes, ] being incapable ; natural incapacity or want of power. Incapable, in-ka'-pA-hl, a. Wanting capacity , not having room sufficient to contain or hold ; incompe¬ tent; not in a state to receive ; disqualified. Incapably, in-ka'-pA-hle, ad. In an incapable manner. Incapacious, in-kA-pa'-shxis, a. Not capacious; not large or spacious; of small content. Incapaciousness, ixx-kA-pa'-shus-nes, want of^contaiuing space. Incapacitate, in-ka-pas'-e-tate, v.a. capacity or natural power ; to disabli luiflt; to disqualify. Narrowness, To deprive of to weaken ; to ■ 1 INCAPACITATED [ 610 ] INOINEEATION ixcAPAGITATED, in'ka-pa^-e-ta-ted^ pp. of the Terb to iniapncitate. Incapacitation, %n~ka~pas-e-ta'-shunt s. "Want of capacity. Incapacity in-ka pas'-e-te, 8. Want of capacity or power , disqualification ; inability ; incapability. Incarcerate, in kdi-'-ser-ate, v.a. To imprison; to confine in a gaol. Incarcerate, in-kdr'-ser-ate, ) a. or ad. Imprisoned; Incarcerated, in-kdr~ser*-a-ted, f confined m a gaol. Incarceration, in-kdr-ser^a'-slmn, s. The act of impris<)ning or confining ; imprisonment. Incarn, m~kdrn't v.a. To cover with flfesh; to invest with flesh. — v.n. To breed flesh. Incarnadine, m-kdr'-nd-din, a. Flesh-coloured; of a carnati(;n colour • pale red. —+ v.a. To dye red or flesh-colour. Incarnate, m-kUr'-nate, v.a. To clothe with flesh ; to embody in flesh. — a. Invested with flesh ; embodied in flesh. Incarnated, in~kdr'-7ia-tcd, pp. of the verb to incar¬ nate. Incarnation, m-kdr-na'-shun, s. The act of clothing with flesh, cr of taking a human body and the nature of man.—In stirgery, the process of healing wounds and filling the part with new flesh. Incarnative, in-kdr'-nd-tiv, a. Causing new flesh to grow; healing. — 8. A medicine that tends to promote the growth of new flesh, and to assist nature in the healing of wounds. ancase, in-kase', v.a. To inclose in a case. Incased, in-kayst', pp. of the verb to incase.^ Incasembnt, in-kase'-ment, s. An inclosing with a casement. Incask, in-kdsk', v.a. To put into a cask. Incastellated, in-kas'-tel-la-ted, a. Confined or in¬ closed in a castle. Incastelled, in-kai/-teld, a. Hoof-bound. Incatenation, i7i-kat-e-7ia'-shuuy s. The act of linking together. Incaution, m-kan/shtm, s. Want of caution. Incautious, in-kaw'-shus, a. Not circumspect; un¬ wary ; indiscreet; inconsiderate. Incautiously, in-kati/-shus-le, ad. Unwarily; heed¬ lessly. Incadtiou8nei?8, in-kaw'-sJius-ncs, s. Want of caution ; imwarinoss; improvidence. Incavated, a. Made hollow; bent round or in Incavation, i7i-ka-va'-8hun, s. The act of making hollow ; a hollow made. Incave:.., in-kave'd', la. Inclosed in a cave or Incaverned, in-ka7y-emd, j cavern. Incelebrity, t in-se-leh'-re-te^ 8. Want of celebrity; obscurity. Incend, v.a. To inflame ; to excite Incendiarism, tn-sm'-de-mr-tam, 8. The act or practice of maliciously setting fire to buildings. Incendiary, iii-sen'-de-d-rey s. A person who mali¬ ciously sets fire to another man’s dwelling; a person who inflames factions, and promotes quairels; he or that which excites. — a. Pertaining to the malicious burning of a dwelling; tending to excite or inflame sedition or quarrels. Incendious, in-sen* -de-US y a. Promoting faction or quarrel. Incen Diousi.Y, tn-stfH' de-us-le., ad. In a way to produce contention. Incense, in*-sensey 8. Perfume exhaled by fire; the odoui-s of spices and gums, burned in religious rites, the materials bur|^>d for making perfumes; accept¬ able prayers and praises. — v.a. To perfume with incense. Incense, in-se7ise*, v.a. To enkindle or inflame to violent anger; to excite angry passions; to exas¬ perate. INv-ense-bbeathinq, vi'-8C7ise-breeth'-ing, a. Exhaling incense. Incensed, vi-seJist*, pp. or a. Inflamed to violent anger; exasperated. Incensement, i7i-se7ise*-77iJi^it, s. Violent irritation of the passions; exasperation. Inceksion, in-sefi'-&hu7iy 8. The act of kindling; the state of being on fire. Incensive, in-se7i*-8iv, a. Tending to excite or provoke. Incbnsor, in-wn'-«ur, 8. .Xat.) A kindler of anger. Tncensort,+ iti - se 7 i *- 8 ur-ey 8. The vessel in which na- cense is burnt and offered ; a censer. Incensurable, m-sen'-shur-d-hl, a. Not censurable. Incentive, in~8e7i*-tivy a. Inciting; encoui'aglng or moving. — 8. That which kindles or inflames, motive; stimulus; incitement; that which prompts to good or ill. Incentively, i7i-8e7\'-tiv-Uy ad. 8o as to encourage or incite. Inception, m-sep'-shnn, s.* A beginning. Inceptive, a. Beginning; noting beginning. Inceptively, i7i-sep'-tiv-le, ad. In an inceptive manner, Inceptor, i7i-8ep'-tury s. A beginner ; one in the rudi¬ ments. Inceration, i7i-ser-a*-s}m7iy s. The act of covering '^ith wax. Inckrative, in-ser'-d-tiVy a. Cleaving to, like wax. Incertain, vi-ser'-tiiiy a. Uncertain; doubtful; un¬ steady. Incertainly, i7i-sc7''-tin-le, ad. Doubtfully. Incertainty, in-ser'-tin-te. ) s. Doubt ; uncertainty , Incertitude, i7i-se7‘'-te-tuaey j doubtfulness. Incessable,+ in-ses'-sd-bly a. Unceasing ; continual. Incessably, in-se^-sd-blcy ad. Without cessation. Incessancy, in-ses'-sa7i-se, s. Unintermitted conthiu ance. Incessant, vises'-sayit, a. Having no intermission or cessation ; unceasing ; uninterrupted. Incessantly", in-ses'-sant-le, ad. Without ceasing ; continually. Incessantness, in'Ses'sa7it-7ieSyS. State of being con- tiuuous or incessant. Incest, in'-sest, s. The crime of sexual commerce between persons related within the prohibited degrees of matrimony. Incestuous, a. Guilty of incest; involving the crime of incest. Incestuously, inses'-tu-us-le, ad. In an incestuous manner. Incestuousness, tnses'-tu-us-7ies, s. The state or quality of being incestuous. Inch, vish, s. A lineal measure, the twelfth part of a foot, equal to the length of three barleyconis, and subdivided into eighths, tenths, or twelfths. —t v.a. To drive by inches or small degrees; to give sparuigly. —t v.n. To advance or retire by small degrees. Inchamber,! in-tchani'-bery v.a. To lodge m a chamber. Inchant. See Enchant. iNCHARiTABLEj-t vi-tchar'-c-td-hl, a. Uncharitable. Inchase. See Enchase. Inchastity, in-tchasf-te-te, 8. Lewdness ; impurity. Inched, inshty a. Containing inches in length or breadth; four-mched cable. ^ Inchest, vi-t^est', v.a. To put into a chest. Inch-MEAL, vish'-melcy 8. Apiece an inch long. Inchoate,! in'-ko-ate, v.a. To begin. — a. Begun ; commenced. Inchoately, in'-ko-ate-le, ad. In an incipient degree. Inchoation, in-ko-a'shuiiy s. The act of beginning; commencement. Inchoative,! in-k, in-kom-meiv'^ne-ka-tirig, a. Having no communion ir intercourse with each other. Incommunicative, in-kom-meio'-ne-kd-tiVf a. Not commimicative; unsocial; not disposed to hold com¬ munion, fellowship, or intercourse with. « Incommunicatively, i7i-kom-mev/-ne-k(i~tiv-lej ad. In an incommunicative manner. Incommutability, in-kom~mew-t&-hiV~e-tef ) s. The Incommutableness, m-kom-mew'-td-bl-nes, ] quality of being incommutable. Incommutable, in~kom-me'u/-tA-bl, a. Not to be ex¬ changed or commuted with another. Incommutably, m-kom-mew'-td-blef ad. Without re¬ ciprocal change. Incompact, w-Aom-paAf', i a. Not compact; not Incompacted, in-korn-pakf-edf | solid. Incomparable, in-kom'-pd-rd-bl, a. That admits of no comparison with others; matchless. Incomparableness, m-koni''■pd-rd-bl-neSi s. Excellence beyond coinparison. Incomparably, in-kom'-pd-rd-hlef ad. Beyond compari¬ son ; without competition. Incompared, «»-Aom-pare’tZ', a. Not matched; peerless. ^Incompassion,$ m-kom-pash'‘uny s. Want of compas- ■ sion or pity. Incompassionate, in-kom-pash'-uyi-ate, a. Void of compassion or pity; destitute of tenderness. Incompassionately, iri'kom-pash'-un-ate-leyB.^, With¬ out pity. Incompassionateness, in-kom-pash*-un-ate-nesy s. Want of pity. Incompatibility, in-kom~pat~e~biV-e-te, '• s. That qua- j^coMPATiBLENBSS, in-kom-paf-e~bl-7ie8y / lity or state of a thing which renders it impossible that it shoiild subsist or be consistent with something else ; irrecon¬ cilable disagreement. fifcoMPATiBLE, in-kom-paf-e-bl, a. Inconsistent; that c^not subsist with something else; irreconcilably different; incongruous.—JneompaitiZes, in chemistry, is a term applied to salts and other substances which cannot exist together in solution without mutual de- coir.pociti’.ju. Incompatibly, in-kom-patf^e bie, ad. Inconsistently Incompbnsable, in-kom-pen'-sd-bl, a. That cannot recompensed. Incompetence, in'kom'-pe-tense, Is. Inability; want Incompetency, in~kom'-pe~te7i-se, / of sufficient intel¬ lectual powers or talents ; want of natural adequate strength of body, or of suitable faculties; want of adequate means; insufficiency. Incompetent, in-kom' pe~tent, a. Wanting adequate powers of mind or suitable faculties ; incapable ; un¬ able ; wanting the legal or constitution^ qualifica¬ tions ; destitute of means ; unfit; legally unavailable. Incompetently, in-kom'-pe-tent-le, ad. Insufficiently ; inadequately. Incomplete, in-kom-plet^ , a. Not finished; imperfect, defective. Incompletely, in-kom-plet^Ae, ad. Imperfectly. Incompleteness, in-kom-plete'-nes, s. An imfinished state; imperfectness; defectiveness. Incomplbx, in-kom-plek^ , a. Not complex; uncom¬ pounded ; simple. Incompliable, in-kom-pli'-d-bl, a. Not compilable. Incompliance, in-kom-pW-ans, s. Defect of compli¬ ance ; untractableness; unyielding temper or consU- tution. Incompliant, in-kom-pli'-ant, a. Unyielding to request or solicitation ; not disposed to comply. Incompliantly, in-kom-pli'-ant-lc, ad. Not compliantly. Incomposed, *n-/com-^oae’cZ', a. Disordered; disturbed; discomposed. Incomposite, in-kom-po^-ity or in~kom'-po~site, a. Un¬ compounded; simple. iNcoMPossiBinTYjt tn-kom~pos-se-hiV-c-te, s. The qua¬ lity of not being possible but by the negation or de¬ struction of something. lNCOMPossiBLE,-i in~ko7n-po^-se-bly a. Not possible to be or subsist with something else. Incomprehensibility, in-kom-pre-hen~se-biV-e-te ,) s. Incomprehensibleness, m-kom-pre-heti'-se-bl-nes, ) The quality of being incomprehensible ; inconceivableness. Incomprehensible, in-kom-pre-hen'-se-bl, a. That can¬ not be comprehended or understood; inconceivable. Incomprehensibly, in-kom-pre-hen'-se bley ad. Incon¬ ceivably. Incomprehension, in-kom-pre-heii'-shuny 9. Want of comprehension. Incomprehensivb, %n-koin-pre-hen*~siVy a. Not compre¬ hensive. Incomprehensiveness, in-kom-pre-hen'-$iv neSy s. The Quality of being incomprehensive. Incompressibility, in-kom-pres-se^biV-e-tey s. The qua¬ lity of resisting compression. Incompressible, in-kom-pres’-se-bl , a. Not to be com¬ pressed ; not capable of being reduced by force into a smaller compass; resisting compression. Incomputable, in-kom-pv!-td^bl, a. That cannot be computed. Inconcealable, in-kon-se'-ld-bly a. Not to be hid or kept secret. Inconceivable, in-kon-se'-vA-bl, a. That cannot be con¬ ceived by the mind; incomprehensible. Inconceivableness, in^konse-vA~bl~7ies, s. The quality of being inconceivable ; incomprehensibility. Inconceivably, in-kon-se'^vA-ble, ad. In a manner beyond comprehension, or beyond the reach of human intellect. lNcoNCEPTiBLE,t tn-kon-sep'-te-bl, a. Inconceivable. Inconcinnity, in-kon-8i7i'-7%e-tey s. Unsuitableness ; want of proportion. Inconcinnous, in-ko7i-8in'-nu8ydi. Disagreeable to tlie ear; dissonant. lNC 0 NCLUDENT,t i7i~ko7i-klu'-de7ity a. Not inferring a conclusion or consequence. Inconcluding, in-ko7%-klu'-dingy a. Inferring no conse¬ quence. Inconclusive, in-kon-khi'-siv, a. Not producing a con¬ clusion ; not settling a point in debate. Inconclusively, i7i-kon-klu'-siv-le, ad. Without such evidence as to determine the understanding in regard to truth or falsehood. Inconclusiveness, i7t-kon-klu'-8iv-7ies, s. Want of such evidence as to satisfy the mind of truth or falsehood. Inconcoct, in-kon-kokt' , i a. Not fully digested; not Inconcocted, i7\-kon-kokt'-edy j matured ; unripened. Inconcoction, in-kon-kok'-shun, s. The state of being indigested; immaturity. Inconcurrino, in-kon k7n'^‘ri7>.g, a. Not concurring, not agroalng. nrcosrcDssiBLE C 513 ] IKOONVmCIBLY IncoxcDSoifiLB, in-kon~ku^-8e~bl^ a. That cannot be shaken. Incondensabilitt, in-k'-ble, ad. To a degree of de¬ pravity beyond all amendment. Incorrodible, in-kor-ro'~de-bl, a. That ''annot be cor¬ roded. • Incorrupt, in-kor-rupf, 1 a. Not cornipt or de- Incorrupted, iji-kor-rup'-ted, ] prayed ; above the power of bribes. Incorruptibility, in-kor-rup-te-hiV-e-te,^^. The qua- Incorruptibleness, in-kor-rup’-te-bl-nes, | lity of be¬ ing incapable of decay or corruption. Incorruptible, in-kor-rup'-te-hl, a. That cannot cor¬ rupt or decay , that cannot be bribed; inflexibly just and upright. Incorruptibly, in-kor~r^ip^-te-hUf ad. In a way not admitting of corruption. Incorruption, in-kor-rup'-shunts. Incapability of be¬ ing corrupted. Incorruptive, in-kor-rup'^tiVj a. Not liable to connip¬ tion. Tncorruptness, in-kor-rupt'-nesj s. Exemption from decay or corruption ; integrity ; honesty. Incrassate, in-^ras'-sate, v.a. To make thick ; to thicken.—In pharmacy, to make fluids thicker by the mixture of other substances less fluid. — v.n. To become thick or thicker. Incrassate, tn-ftras'-«aA«, la. Made thick or thicker. Incrassated, in-kras'-sa-ted ,) —In botany, thickened or becoming thicker toward the flower ; fattened. Incrassation, in-kras-sa’-shxtn, s. The act of thicken¬ ing, or state of becoming thicker. Incrassative, in-kras^-sd~tiv, a. Having the quality of tliickening. — s. That which has the power to thicken. Increasable, in-kre'-sa-hl, a. That may be increased. Increase, in-krees', v.n. To become greater in bulk or quantity ; to grow; to augment; to oecome more in number; to advance in value ; to swell; to rise ; to become of more esteem and authority ; to enlarge. — v.a. To augment or make greater in bulk, quantity, or amount; to advance in quality; to add to any qua¬ lity or affection ; to extend ; to lengthen, as distance ; to extend ; to spread, as one's popularity; to aggra¬ vate, as wickedneas. 1ncre.\8e, in’-krees, s. Augmentation ; enlargement, ex¬ tension, or growth ; a growing larger in size, extent, or quantity; the result of augmentation ; profit; interest; produce; progeny’; issue ; the augmentation of the luminous part of the moon ; augmentsticn of strength or violence ; augmentation of degree. Increasbful, in-kreeif ful, a. Abundant in produce. Increaser, in-kreeaf-er, s. He or that which increases Incheasinqly, in-kree^-ing-le, ad. In the way of growing or increasing. Increate, in~kre-ate', v.a. To create withJu. INCREATE, in'-kre-ate, \ _ INCBEATED, in'-kre-a-ted, J >J““eatea. Incredibility, in-kred-e-bil'-e-te. Is. The quality of Incredibleness, in-kred'-e-hl-nes, j surpassing belief. Incredible, a. That cannot be believed; not to be credited. Incredibly, in-kred'-e-ble, ad. In a manner to preclude belief. Incredulity, in-kre-du’-le-te, ) 8. The quality of Incredulousness, ni-kred'-xi-his-nes, / not believing ; indisposition to believe: scepticism. Incredulous, in-kred'-u-lus, a. Not believing ; indis¬ posed to admit the truth of what is related. Incredulously, in-kred'-u-h(S-le, ad. With unbelief or incredulity. iNCREMABLEjt i7i-krem'-d-bl, &. That cannot be burned. Increment,:^ in'-kre-ment, s. Increase ; a growing in bulk, quantity, number, value, or amount; augmen¬ tation ; produce.—In mathematics, the flnite increase of a variable quantity. iNCREPATEjt in'-kre-pate, v.a. To chide , to rebuke. Increpa'. ION, in-kre-pa'-shun, s. A chiding or re¬ buking. Increscent, in-kres’-sent, a. Increasing ; growing, swelling. Incriminate, in-krmt!-e-nate,y To accuse ; to charge with a crime or fault. Incrubntal,^ in-kru-en'-tal, a Not attended with blood. Incrust, in-krust’, v.a. To covet with a hard coat; to form a crust on the surface of any substance. lNCRU8TATB,t in-krus^-taU, v.a. To iucrust. Incrustation, m-krus-ta'-shun, 8 . A crust or coat of anything on the surface of a body.—In the arts, a covering or inlaying of marble, mosaic, or other substance, attached by cramp-irons, cement, &c.—In chemistry, the disposition oi stonelike molecules on the surface of bodies habitually exposed to the action of water's impregnated with calcareous salts. Incrustment, in-krust'-meni, s. Incrustation. Incrystallizable, in-kris'-tal-ize-d-bl, a. That will not crystallize ; that cannot be formed into crystals; un- crystallizable. Incubate, m'-ku-bate, v.n. To sit, as on eggs for hatching. Incubation, in-kxi-ha'-shun, s. The act of sitting on eggs, for the purpose of hatching young ; hatching of e^ffs by artificial heat. lN.fc^ATURE,$ in-ku'-bd-ture, s. Incubation. Incubus, in'-kxi-bus, s. A.n incumbrance; a dead weight; a feeling of suffocation which comes on during sleep; a demon. See Nightmare. Inculcate, tn-kxd'-katc, v.a. To impress by frequent admonitions ; to urge on the mind; to teach ; to infuse. Inculcation, in-kxil-ka'-shun^ 8 . T'he action of im¬ pressing by repeated admonitions. Inculpable, in-kxd'-pd-bl, a. Without fault. Inculpableness, m-kul'-pd-bl-nes, s. Unblamableness. Inculpably, in-Kxd'-pd-hle, ad. AVithout blame. Inculpate, in-kuV-pate, v.a. To blame ; to censure Inculpation, in-kul-pa'-shxin, s. Blame ; censure. Inculpatory, in-kxd'-pd-tur-e, a. Imputing blame. Incult ,t tn AuK', a. Untilled; uncultivated. Incultivated, in-kxd'-te-va-ted, a. Not cultivated. Incultivation, i7i-kul-te-va'-shu}i,)s. Want or neglect Inculture, in-kid'-tchu7'e, ] of cultivation. Incumbency, in-A:Mm'-6en-se, 8. A lying or resting on something; the state of holding or being in possession of a benefice. Incumbent, in-kxim'-bent, a. Lying or resting on ; sup¬ ported; buoyed up ; bound by moral duty to do a certain act.—In bota7iy^ a term applied to the anthers of plants, when so disposed as to lie one over the other.—In zoology, applied to the wings of insects, when one laps over the other. — s. The person who is in present possession of a benefice or of anv office. Incumbently, i7i-KU))i'-b€nt-le, ad. In an incumbent manner. Incumber, in-kxim’-her, v.a. To burden with a load ; to emharpass. See Encumber, and its derivatives. INCUMBRANCE [ 615 INDEMNITY Ajiytliing that im- iders it difficult oi or a legal Inctjmbuancb, in-kum'-hraji&ef s. pedes motion or action, or renders laborious : impediment ; embarrassment claim on the estate of another. 1ncumbra,nceb,, in-kum'-bran~s&r, s. One who has an incumbrance or some legal claim on an estate. Inctjmbrous, in-kum'-brtis, a. Cumbersome; trouble¬ some. , , . Incur, m-kur', v.a. To become liab^ to ; to bring on ; X to occur; to meet. ^ Incurability, in-kew-rh-biV-e-te, 8. The state of being incurable ^ impossibility of cure. Incurable, in-kew'-rd-blf a. That cannot be cured; not admitting of cure ; irremediable ; irretrievable. — 8. A person diseased beyond the reach of cure. Incurableness, in-kcxo'-rii hl-nes a. The state Of not admitting cure or remedy. Incurably, in-keto'-ra-ble, ad. In a manner or degree that renders cure impracticable. . . Incuriosity, in-kew-re-os'-e-te, s. "VYaiit of curiosity; inatteutiveness. . Incurious, in-k&w'-re-us, a. Destitute of curiosity ; in¬ attentive. Incuriously, in-'kew^-TC-us-le, ad. "Without inquisi¬ tiveness. Incuriousness, in-hew'-Te-us-ues, 8. Want of curiosity or inquisitiveness. Incurred, iit-kurd', pp. of the verb to %nciir. _ Incurrence, iti-kur'-reuse^ s. The act of bringmg ou, or An entering into a territory an irruption ; an inroad ; Hostile ; making an attack To bend; to turn from a subjecting one’s self to, Incursion, in - kur '- shun , s. with hostile intention ; t attack. Incursive, xn-kur‘-siVi a. or incursion. Incurvate, in-kui'^-vate, v.a. right line or su-aight course. — a. Curved iiiward or upward. Incurvation, in-knr-v^'~s)iU7if 8. The act of bending ; the Slate of being bent or turned from a rectilinear course ; curvity ; crookedness. Incurve, m - kuri /, v.a. To bend ; to make crooked. Incurved, i ? i - k 7 irvd ', pp. or a. Bent or curved inward. Incurvity, iyi-ku/''-ve-tef B. State of being bent or crooked; crookedness. iNDAOATE.t m'-da-gate, v.a. To seek or search out.^ Indaoation in-dOi-^n^’shv/iif s. The act of searching, inquiry; exarainatnm. „ . , • iNDiGA-TORjt in-da-ga*-turj 8. One wlio seeks or in¬ quires with diligence. INDAMAOE, in-dam'-age. See Endamage. _ INDAET, m-darf, v.a. To dai-t m; to thrust or strike m. Indebted, hi-det'-ted, a. lleiug iu debt; liaviug ui- curred a debt; obliged by somethiug received. Indebtedness, in-det'-ted-ueSy s. The state of being indebted. ^ u • Indebtment,”)" iu-det'^ineyitf s. The state of being Indecency, in - de '- sen - se , s. That which is unbecoming in language or manners ; indelicacy ; indecorum; lN™cE°NT,*Y!i-de'-5en«, a. Unfit to be seen or heard; offensive to modesty and delicacy; unbecoming; m- decorous; indelicate. , , ^ Indecently, in-de'-sent-ley ad. In a manner to offend modesty or delicacy. ..t x x- ti-__ Indeciduous, iii-de-sid'-u-uSy a. Not falling, as the leaves of trees in autumn ; lasting ; eyergreen. IaVdecimable, in-des'-e-md-bl, a. Not liable to the pay- Indecipherable, in - de - si '- fer - A - bl , a. That cannot be In^ec?8Ion, m-de-sizh'-uji, s. Want of decision; want of settled purpose ; a wavering of mind ; in’esolution. Indecisive, ifi-de-si'-siVy a. Not decisive ; not bringing to a final close or ultimate issue; unsettled: wavering. Indecisively, in-de-si'-siv le, ad. AVithout decision.^ ^NDEC 1 SI VENE 89 , i)i-de-si'-siv-nes, s. The slate ot being " undecided, or of not being brought to a final issue. Indeclin.able, in-de-kli'-nd-bly a. Not declmable ; not varied by terminations. . Indeclinably, in-de af Without variation. Indecom ros.A ble , in-de-kova-po -zn-hly a. Not capable of decomposition, or of being resolved into the primary constituent elements. , , Indecomposableness, xn-de-kom-po-zd-bl-nesj s. Inca¬ pableness of decomposition.. , , , tfcrECor.ors endent or Congrega¬ tional church. —* 8. One who, in religious affairs, maintains that every congregation of Christians is a complete church, subject to no superior authority. Independently, in-de-peyi'-dent-le, ad. "Without de¬ pending or relying on others; without control or undue bias; without- connexion with other things. Indeprecable, in-dep'-re-kd-bl, a. That cannot he deprecated. Indeprehensidle, in-dep-re-heyi'-se-bl, a. That cannot be found out. Indeprivable, m-de-pri'-vd-bl, a. That cannot be deprived. Indescribable, in-de-skri'-bd-bl, a. That cannot be described. Indescriptive, in-de-skrip'-tiv, a. Not descriptive or containing just description. Indesert, in-de-zert', s. Want of merit or worth. iNDEsiNENT.t in-des'-e-uent, a. Not ceasing; per¬ petual. Indesinently,+ in-des^-e-nent-le, ad. Without cessa¬ tion. Indesirable, in-de-zi'-rd-bl, a. Not desirable. Indestructibility, vi-de-struk-te-bil'-e-te, s. The quality of resisting decomposition, or of being inca¬ pable of destruction. Indestructible, in-destrukf-te-bl, a. That cannot be de>troyed . imperishable. Indestri c'«'iBLY, in-destruk'~te-ble, ad. In an inde¬ structible manner. Indeterminable, in-de-ter'-me-nd-bl, a. That cannot be detnriniued, ascertained, or fixed ; not to be deter¬ mined. Indeterminably, %n-de-ter'-me-n&-ble, ad. In an in¬ determinable manner. Indeterminate, in-de-ter'-nie-nate, a. Not deter- miiiate , not settled or fi.xed; not definite; uncertain; not precise.—An indetennmate quantity, in mathe¬ matics, a quantity having no fixed value. Indeterminately, in-de-ter'-me-nate-le, ad. Not in any settled manner; indefinitely. tNiinrERMiNATENEss, m-de-ter'‘me‘nate-n€S,\^. Indefl- LNDEiLRMiNi.a'iDN, de tctpme na'-shun, j nitencss; want of determination; an unsettled or wavering state; vacillation. Indetermined, in-de-ter'-mind, a. Undetermined , unsettled; unfixed. Indevote, in-de-vote^, 1 ^ Tndbvoted, in-de-vo'-ted,\^’ Not devoted. Indevotion, i7i-de‘Vo'-shu7i, s. Want of devotion absence of devout affections. Indevout, in-de-voi^', a. Not having devout affections, undevout. ^ Indevoutly, in-de-vowf-le, ad. Without devotion. Index, tV-rfeAs, 8.; pi. Indexes, or Indices. (Lat.) That which points out; the hand that points to anything • a table of the contents of a book, or of references m an alphabetical order.—In a7iatomy, the forefinger, or pointing finger.—In arithmetic and algebra, the figure or letter w’hich shows to what power any quantity is involved ; the exponent.—The index of a logarithm is the integral part of the logarithm; the characteristic. —The index of a globe, or the gnomo7i, is a little style fitted on the north pole, which, when the globe is turned, serves to point to certain divisions of the hour circle.— l7idex of refractio7\, in optics, the sine cf the angle of incidence^ the sine of the angle of refraction being taken for unity.— I7idex-ha7ids, m mecha7iics, are the pointers of a clock, watch, or other registering machine.—In music, a direction or character placed at the end of a stave to direct the performer to the first note of the next stave.—In the Homan Catholic Church, the hidex Expurgatorius is a catalogue oi books forbidden to be read by the faithful. — v.a. To provide with an index or table of contents , as, to index a book. Indexer, in'-dekser, s. He who frames an index; an index-maker. Indexical, in-dek’se-kal, a. Haying the form of an index; pertaining to an index. Indexically, in-d^'se-kal-le, ad. In the manner of an Index. Indexterity, %7i-deks-ter'-e-te, s. Want of dexterity in the use of the hands; clumsiness; awkwardness; want of skill in the performance of any work of art. India, ind'-yd, s. A country in Asia, so named from the River Indus. India rubber, rnd'-yCi rub'-ber, \ s. The caoutchouc, Indian rubber, ind'-yan rub'-ber, j a substance of extraordinary elasticity. Indiaman, ina-yd-man, s. A large ship employed in the India trade. Indian, hid! yan, a. Pertaining to either of the Indies, East or West, or to the aborigines of America.— India7i arrowroot, a plant of the genus maranta. —I7idia7i berry, the same as Cocculus hidicus.—Indian bread, a plant of the genus jatropha. — lndia7i com, the maize, of the genus zea. — l7idian cress, a plant of the genus tropceolum; the T. megus being a favourites f arden flower known by the name of 7iasturtium. — ndia7% cucu7nber, the plant Mediola Vi7-ginia, a native of Virginia.— Indian date, or tamarind tree, the legu¬ minous plant Tamarindus Indica, a native of the East and West Indies.—Inrftan Jig, a plant of the f enus Cactus.—Indian hawthorn, the plant HapTiiolepis ndica, and other plants of the same genus.- hemp, a name given in North America to the plant Apocyyxium cannahium.—Indian ink, a substance made of lampblack and animal glue, brought chiefly from China, and used for M’ater-colours — lotus, the plant Ny7Hphcea pubesceyis, a native of tlie East Indies. —I7idian madder, the general name of plants of the genus Oldc7Handia ; of which the species 0. uynbellata is much used for dyeing red, purple, orange, and brown. — l7idia7i mxdhrrry, the common name of the genus Mori7idn.—IndUm pink, the roots of the plant Spigelia Mary1a7idicn,sii\d under the name of Mary- la7ia ivormgrass, or pink root, as an anthelmintic.— Indian red, a species of ochre.—Jnrfian reed, a plant of the genus canna.—hidian shot, a name given to planus of the genus can7ia.—l7idia7i tobacco, a species of lobdia —hidian turnip, an American plant with a head of red berries growing on a stem. — 8. The general name of any native of the East or West Indies, or of the aborigines of America. Indianite, i7id'-yan-ite, 8. A grey mineral of the feld¬ spar family, from the Carnatic, in India. Indianize, t7ui'-yan-iz€, v.a. To make or cause to be like an Indian. Indicant, in'-de-kayxt, a. or 8. A term applied to that which points out what is to he done to cui'c disease. INDICATE 617 ] INDISPENSABILITY Indica.t£, ir/’Cte-kate. v.a. To point out; to show ; to mark ; to signify ; to direct the mind to a knowledge of something; to tell; to disclose.—In medicine^ to manifest by symptoms. Indication, in-de-lca'-shim, s. The act of pointing out; mark; token; sign.—In medicine, any symptom or occurrence in a disease which serves to direct to suit¬ able remedies.—Discovery made; intelligence ^ven. Indicative, in-dik'-A-tiv, a. Showing ; giving mtima- tion or knowledge of something not visible or obvious. —In grammar^ the indicative mood is the form of the verb that indicates, or affirms. Indicatively, in-dik'-A-tiv-le, ad. In a manner to Show or signify. Indicator, in'-de~ka-tur, s. He or that which shows or points out. Indicatory, in'-de^kA-tur-e, a. Showing; serving to show or make known. Indicavit^ in-de-ka'-vit, s. (Lat.) In law, a writ or rohibition, that lies for the patron of a church when is incumbent is sued for tithes by another clergy¬ man. Indice, in'-dis. See Index. Indicolite, in'~de~ko-lite, s. In mineralogy, an indigo- blue variety of shorl or tourmalin, found m Sweden. Indict, in-dit^, v.a. In law, to accuse or charge with a crime or misdemeanour, in writing, by a grand- jury under oath. Indictable, in-di'-td-hl, a. That may be indicted ; subject to be presented by a grand-jury; subject to indictment. Indictee, in-di-teef, s. A person who is indicted. Indictee, in-di'-ter, s. One who indicts. Indiction , m-dik'-shun, s. Declaration ; proclamation. —In chronology, a cycle of fifteen years, instituted by Constantine the Great, and begun January a.d. 313. —Originally, a tax for the payment of discharged troops. Indictive, in-dik'-tiv, a. Proclaimed; declared. Indictment, in-diie'-ment, s. A written accusation or formal charge of a crime or misdemeanour, preferred by a grand-jury under oath to a court: the paper or parchment containing the accusation or a grand-ju^. Indifference, in-dif'Jer-ense, s. Neutrality of mind between different persons or things; imconcern ; negligence ; apathy ; a state in which the mind is not inclined to one side more than the other; impartiality; freedom from prejudice, piepossession, or bias. Indifferent, in-dif-fer-ent, a. Neutral; not inclined to one side, party, or thing more than to another; unconcerned; impartial; disinterested. Indifferentism, in-dif'-fer-en-tizm, s. State of indif¬ ference. Indifferently, in-dif'-fer-ent-le, ad. Without distinc¬ tion or preference ; equally; Impartially; without favour, pr^’udice, or bias. Indigence, in'-de-jense, ) s. W'ant of estate, or means Indigency, in'-de-jen-se,] of comfortable subsistence ; penury; destitution. Indigene, in'-de-jene, s. One bom in a country; a native animal or plant. Indigenous, in-dij'-en-us, a. Native; bom in a coun¬ try ; not exotic. Indigent, in'-de-jent, a. Destitute of property, or means of subsistence; needy. Indigently, in'-de-jint-le, ad. With indigence or des¬ titution. Indigest, J in-de-jest', s. A cmde mass. Indigested, in-de-jest'-ed, a. Not digested; not con¬ cocted in the stomach; not methodized; not reduced to due form ; crude. Indigestible, m-de-jes'-te-bl, a. Not digestible ; not easily converted into chyme, or prepared in the stomach for nourishing the body; not to be received or patiently endured. Indigestibly, in-de-je^-te-ble, ad. Not digestible. Indigestion, in-de-jesf-ynn, s. Want of due coction in the stomach ; a failure of that change in food which prepares it for nutriment; crudity. — As a disease, dyspepsia, Indigitate, m-dij'~e-tate, v.a. To point out with the ^ger. — v.n. To communicate ideas by the fingers ; to show or compute by the fingers. Indigitation, m-dij-e-ta'-shun,s. The act of pointing out with the finger. Indign,$ in-dine', a. Unworthy ; disgraceful. Indionance,$ in-dig'-nans€ s. Indignation. Indignant, m a. Affected at once with an¬ ger and disdain ; feeling the mingled emotions oJ wrath and scorn. Indignantly, in-dig'-nant-le, ad. With'indignation. Indignation, in-dig-na'-shun, s. A strong and elev^»d disapprobation of what is flagitious in charactef’or conduct; auger, mingled with contempt; wi’ath; re¬ sentment ; rage. lNDiQNirY,J in-dig'-ne-fi, v.a. To treat disdainfully. Indignity, in-dig'-ne-ie, s. Unmerited, contemptuous conduct toward another; incivility, accompanied with insult; contumely; rudeness. Indignly,^ in-dine'-le, ad. Unworthily. Indigo, in'-de-go, s. A substance or dye, prepared from the leaves and stalks of the indigo plant {Indigofera tinctoria), which imparts a deep blue colour, and is extensively used in dyeing and calico-printing. Indiqogbnb, in'-de~go-jene, s. White indigo, or colour¬ less indigotine, produced by the action upon blue indigo of any deoxidating body. Indigometer, in-de-gom'-e-ter, s. An instmment for ascertaining the strength of indigo. Indigotic, in-de-got'-ik, a. Denoting an acid formed by dissolving indigo in diluted nitric acid. Indigotine, in'-de-go-tene, s. Pure blue indigo, form¬ ing about four-tenths of the indigo of commerce. Indilatort, in-dU'-A-tur-e, a. Not dilatory or slow. Indiligence, in-diV-e-jense, s. Want of diligence, slothfuhiess. Indiliqent, in-dtl'-e-jent, a. Not diligent; idle; sloth¬ ful. Indiligently, in-diV-e-jent-le, ad. Without diligence. Indiminishable, in-de-min'-isn-A-bl, a. That cannot be diminished. Indirect, in-de-rekt', a. Not straight or rectilinear deviating from a direct line or course; circuitous; wrong ; improper; net fair or honest.—Indirect tax Is a tax or duty on articles of consumption, paid through the Excise or Customs. Indirection,! in-de-rek'-shten, s. Oblique course or means; dishonest practice. Indirectly, in-de-rekt’-le, ad. Not in a straight line or course ; obliquely; unfairly. Indirectness, in-de-rekf-nes, s. Obliquity; devious course; unfairness. Indiscernible, in-diz-zem'-e-bl, a. That cannot be discerned; not visible or perceptible. IndiscerniblenesSj in-diz-zern'-e-bl-7ies, s. Incapa¬ bility of being discerned. Indiscernibly, in-diz-zern'-e-ble, ad. In a manner not to be seen or perceived. Indiscerpiblb. See Indiscerftible. Indiscerptibility, in-dis-serp-te-bil'-e-te, s. The qua¬ lity of being incapable of dissolution or separation of parts. Indiscerptiblb, in-dis-serpZ-te-bl, a. Incapable of be ing destroyed by dissolution or separation of parts. Indiscerptibly, w-dis-serp'-ic-Wc, ad. So as not to be capable of separation into paiis. Tndisciplinable, in-dis'-se-^fiin-A-bl, a. That cannot bo subjected to discipline; not capable of being improved by discipline Indiscipline, in-dW-se-pUn, s. Want of discipline ot instruction. Indiscoverable, in-dis-kui/-er-A-bl, a. That cannot be discovered; undiscoverable. Indiscovery ,+8. Want of discovery. Indiscreet, in-dis-kreet', a. Not discreet; wanting in discretion; imprudent; injudicious. Indiscreetly, xn-dis-kreetf-le, ad. Not discreetly, without prudence. Indiscrete, in-dis-kreef, a. Not discrete or separated. Indiscretion, in-dis-kresh'-un, s. Want of discretion , impiTidence. Indiscriminate^ in-dis-krim'-e-nate, a. Undistinguish- in^ ; not making any distinction ; not having discri- mmation ; confused; promiscuous. Indiscriminately, in-cRs-krim'-e-nate-le, ad. Without distinction. IndiscriminatinGj in-dis-krim'-e-na-ting, a. Not making any distinction. Indiscrimination, in dis-krim e-n<^-shun, 8. Want of discrimination or distinotioa. Indiscbiminativb, a. Making no distinction. Indiscussed, in-dis-kusf, a. Not discussed. Indispensability, t in-dU-pen-sA-biV-e-te, s- indissen sableness. ■! ‘ it ; IMDOEMENT Indispensable, in-dh-pen'-8&.-blf a. Not to be dispensed with ; absolutely necessary. Indispensableness, i>i-dis-pen'-sd-bl-neSy 8. The state or quality of being absolutely necessary. Ii?Disi'EN8ABLT, in-ais-peii'-sii-hley ad. Necessarily i in Amimner that forbids omission. iflStsPERSED, in-dis-perst' , a. Not dispersed. Indispose, m-dis-po3e', v.a. To disincline; to alienate the mind ; to render unfit; to disqualify for its proper functions. Indisposed, in-dis-pozc'd', pp. or a. Disinclined; averse; luiwilling; disqualified for its functions; unfit; not in perfect health. Ijjdisposedness, in-dis-p(/-zed-nes, s. Disinclination ; unwillingness ; unfitness ; disordered state. Indisposition, in'dis-po-zish'-nn, s. Disinclination; unwillingness; slight disorder of the healthy func¬ tions of the body ; illness. Tndispdtable, a. Not to be disputed; too evident to admit of dispute; incontestable ; un¬ questionable. Indisputableness, 8. The state or quality of being indisputable. Indisputably, in~dis'-pu-(d~ble, ad. Without dispute; unquestionably; without opposition. Indisputed, a. Not disputed or contro¬ verted. Indissolubility, in-dis-so-lu-bil'-e-te, s. The quality of being indissoluble, or not capable of being dissolved, melted, or liquefied. Indissoluble, m-dis'-so-hc-bl, a. Not capable of being dissolved, melted, or liquefied; that cannot be broken or rightfully violated. Indissolubleness, in-di^-so-lu-bl-ne$, s. The quality of being incapable of dissolution or breach; indissolu¬ bility. Indissolubly, in-dis'-so-lu-ble, ad. In a manner resist¬ ing separation, or not to be dissolved or broken. Indissoltable, in-dis-sol'-vd-bl, a. That cannot be dis¬ solved ; indissoluble; not capable of separation into parts by natural process. Indissolvableness, in-dis-soV-vCi-bl-nes, 8. Indissolu¬ bleness. Indistancy,4: in~di^-tan-se, s. Want of distance or separation. Indistinct, in~dis-tinkt', a.. Not distinct or distin¬ guishable; not clear or distinct, intellectually con¬ sidered ; imperfect; undefined; ambiguous ; uncer¬ tain. Indistinctible,-}- in-di8‘tinkt'-e~hl, a. Undistinguish- able. IndistinctioNj in-dis-tink'-shun, 8. Want of distinc¬ tion ; confusion; uncertainty. Indistinctly, in-dis-tinkf-le,Sid. Without distinction or sepaTo 'ion ; confusedly ; obscui’ely. Indistinctness, m-dis-tmkt'-nes, s. Want of distinc¬ tion or discrimination ; confusion ; uncertainty. Indistinguishable, in-dis-ting'-gwish-d-bl, a. That cannot be distinguished or separated; undistinguish- able. • Indistinouishino, in'dis-ting^-givish-ing, a. Making no difference. Indistdrbance, in-dis-tur'-banse, s. Freedom from dis¬ turbance ; calmness ; repose ; tranquillity. Inditch,+ in ditcW, v.a. To bury in a ^tch. Indite, m-ditt/, y .a.. To compose; to WTite; to direct or dictate what is to be uttered or written. — v.n. To compose an account of. Tnditement, s. The act of inditing. Inditer, in-di'-ter, a. One who indites. Individablb, m-de-vi’-dh-bl,a.. Not capable of division. Individed, in de-vi'-ded, a. Undivided. Individual, in-de-vid'-ti-al, a. Not divided, or not to be divided ; single ; one. — 8. A single person or human being; a single animal or thing of any kind. Individualism, t7i-d»^-vid'-u-al-izm,s. The state of indi¬ vidual interest, or attacliinent to the interest of indi¬ viduals Individuality, in-de-i'id-u-al'-e-te, s. Separate or dis¬ tinct existence; a slate of oneness.—Tn phn-nology, that quality of the mind by which individual objects are attrnded to and particuiarir.ed. Its development is shown in the enlaigemeni of the forehead between the eyebrows. ^-Plv II ualuai ioNj tn ae-vid-u-al-e-za'-shun, s. The act of b.d. YiduaUzing; the state of being individual- ’/cd. Individualize, in-dg-uid'-M-aZ-ise, v.a. To distinguish to select or mark as an individual. Individually, in-de-vid'-u-al-U, ad. Separately; by itself; to the exclusion of others ; inseparably. Individuate, in-de-vid'-u-ate, a. Undivided. — v.a. To make single ; to distinguish from ©there of the species. Individuation, in-de-vid-u-a'-shim, s. The act of mak¬ ing single or the same, to the exclusion of others. iNDiviDuiTYji: m-diy-e-du'-e-te,s. Separate existence. Indivinitt, in-de-vin'-e-te, s. Want of divine power. Indivisibility, s. The state of be¬ ing indivisible. Indivisible, a. That cannot be divided, separated, or broken; not separable into parts.—In geowetry, indivisibles are tlie elements or principles, supposed to be uitaiitely small, into which a body oi figure may be resolved. Indivisibleness, in de-viz'-e-bl-nes, s. Indivisibility. Indivisibly, in-de-viz'-e-ble, ad. So as not to be capable of division. Indivision, in-de-vizh'-un, s. A state of being not divided. Indo-Briton, tn'-do-6rtT-^on, s. A person bom in India, one of whose parents is a native of Great Britain. Indocible, m-do'-se-bl, or in-dos’-e-bl, ) a. Unteachablej Indocile, in-do'-sil, or in-dos'-il, j not capable oi being taught; dull in intellect; Intractable. Tndocibleness, in-do'-se-bl-nes, or in-das'-e-bl-7ie8, \ s. Indocility, | Un- teachable ; dulness of intellect; intractableness. Indoctrinate, vi-dok'-tre-nate, v.a. To teach; to in¬ struct in rudiments or principles. Indoctrination, i7i-dok-tre-7ia'-shu7i, 8. Instruction in the rudiments and principles of any science; infor¬ mation. Indolence, i7i'-do~le7ise, s. Habitual idleness ; indispo¬ sition to labour; laziness; inaction or want of exer¬ tion of body or mind. Indolent, vi-do-lent, a. Habitually idle or indisposed to labour ; inactive; slothful. Indolently, in'-do-leiit-le^ ad. In habitually idleness and ease ; without activity ; lazily. lNDOMABLE,t in-do'-77id-bl, a. That cannot be tamed, untamable. Indomitable, in-dom'-e-td-bl, la. That cannot be iNDOMPTABLEj-j- i7i-do77ipt'-&-bl, ) subducd; untam¬ able ; irrepressible. IndomitEjJ tn-do7n'-it, a. Untamed; savage; wild. Indorsable, vi-dawr'-sd-bl, a. That may be indorsed, assigned, and made payable to order. Indorse, m-dawrse', v.a. To write on the back of a paper or written instrument; to assign or transfer by mdorsement; to give sanction or currency to. Indorsee, i7i-daio7'-see', s. The person to whom a note or bill is indorsed, or assigned by indorsement. Indorsed, m-dawrst', pp. or a. Written on the back; assigned; sanctioned. Indorsement, m-dawrse'-me7it, s. The act of writing on the back of a note, bill, or other written instru¬ ment ; that which is written on the back of a note or other paper ; sanction or support given. Indorser, in-dawr'-ser, s. The person who indorses a note, &c., and thus becomes liable for its payment. Indorsing, in-da7vrs'-i7ig, s. The making of an in¬ dorsement, or sanctioning it. Indraught, in'-draft, s. An opening from the sea into the land ; an inlet. Indrawn , tn'-drat4>n, a. Drawn in. Indrench, iti-drensh', v.a. To overwhelm with water; to drown ; to drench. Indubious, m-dew'-be-us, a. Not dubious or doubtful , certain. Indubitable, in-deuf-be-tA-bl^ a. Not to be doubted; apparently certain ; unquestionably ; incontrovertible. Indubitableness, in-dew'-be-tA-bl-ne8,s. State of being indubitable. Indubitably, in-dew'-be-td-ble, ad. Undoubtedly ; un¬ questionably ; ID a manner to remove all doubt. lNDUBiTATE,t m-dev/-be-tate, a. Not questioned ; evi¬ dent; certain. Induce, m duse', v.a. To lead, as by persuasion or argu¬ ment ; to prevail on ; to influence ; to actuate, impel, or excite ; to bring on ; to cause ; to hrmg into view; to transmit electric influence through a conducting medium. Inducement, in-duse^-ment, s. Anyiliiiig that leads th« mind to will or to act; incitement, cau.'se, oi‘ reasm.-*- INDUCEE 619 ] INELASTIC In U»w, a statement of facts- introducing otlier material facts. Inducer, in-du'-serj 8. He or that which induces, per¬ suades, or influences. Induciart, in-dev/she-ar-ej a. Of or belonging to a truce. Inducible, in-du'-se-bl, a. That may be induced ; that may be offered by induction. Induct, in-dukt', v.a. To introduce, as to a benefice or office ; to put in actual possession of an ecclesiastical living or other office. Inductile, in-duk'-til^ a. Not capable of being drawn into tlireads, as a metal. Jnddctility, in-duk-tiV-e-te^ s. The quality of being inductile. Induction, in-duk'-shun, s. Introduction ; entrance : the bringing forward of particulars, or individual cases, with a view to establish some general con¬ clusion. See Inductive. —The conclusion or inference drawn from a process of induction ; the intro¬ duction of a clerk or parson into a church living by the usual fonns and ceremonies.—In electricity^ an influence exerted by an electiified body through a non-conducting body without any apparent com¬ munication of a spark.—In oldplaysy an mtroductory scene leading to the main action. Inductional, in-duk'-shun-al, a. Pertaining to induc¬ tion. Inductive, in-duk'-tiv, a. Leading or drawing ; tend¬ ing to induce or cause; leading to inferences; proceeding by induction.—The inductive method of reasoning, as pursued by Bacon, is the direct reverse of logical deduction; it ascends from the parts to the whole, and forms, from the general analogy of nature or special presumptions in the case, conclusions which have greater or less degrees of force, and which may be strengthened or weakened by sub¬ sequent experience. Hence Inductive Philosophy in- cludes all learning deduced from experiment, as opposed to hypothetical or assumed definitions. Inductively, in-duk'-tiv-ley ad. By induction or in¬ ference. Inductor, in-duk'-tur^ 8. The person who inducts another into an office or benefice. Indue, in-dew', v.a. To put on something; to invest; to clothe ; to furnish ; to supply with ; to endow. Induga, in'-du-gd, s. The Indian name for the clearing nut, Strychnos potatorum. Indulge, in-dulje', v.a. To encourage by compliance ; to permit to be ; to gratify by concession; to be indulgent to ; to yield to the wishes of.— Negatively, not to check or restrain the will, appetite, or desire. — v.n. To yield to the enjoyment or practice of, without restraint or control. Indulgence, in-duV-jense, ) s. Free permission to the Indulgency, in-duV-jen-se,] jropetites or desires to act or operate , forbearance of restraint or control j gratification : favour granted.—In the Roman Catholic Church, remission of the punishment due to sins, granted by the Pope or Church, and supposed to save the sinner from purgatory. Indulgent, in-dul’-jent. a. Yielding to the wishes or desires of those unaer one’s care; kind; tender; compliant; not severe. Indulgential, in-dxd-jen'-shal, a. Relating to the indulgences of the Romish Church. Indulgently, in-dul'-jent-le, ad. "With unrestrained enjoyment; mildly ; favourably. Indulger, in-dul’-jer, 8. One who indulges or gives way to sensual indulgences. IiJdult, in-dult'. Is. A privilege or exemption.—In Indulto, in-dul-to, ) the Church of Rome, a privilege granted by the Pope to certain persons, of doing or obtaining something contrary to established rule or law. Indument, in-deiv'-nie.jit, s. A putting on ; clothing ; t endowment.—In zoology,t\\e plumage of birds. Induplicate, in-dew'-ple-kate, a. In botany, having the margins bent abruptly inward, and the externgu face of the edges applied to each without any twist¬ ing. Indurate, in'-du-rate, v.n. To harden or become hard. — v.a. To make hard; to deprive of sensibility; to render obdurate. Indurated, in'-du-ra-ted, pp or a. Hardened, made obdurate. Induration, m-du-ra’-shun s. The act of hardening, or process of growing hard; hardness of heart, obduracy.—In pathology, the condition of an indurated organic tissue. Indus, in'-dus, s. The name of a constellation in tlf Southern hemisphere ; the name of a river in India, from which Hindoostan receives its name. Indusia, in-dew'-she-d, s. In zoology, the case or cover- ing of certain larvae. Indusial, in-dew'-she-al, a. Composed of or containing the pefrifled indusia, or the cases of the larviB of certain insects, as indusial limestone. Tndustum, in-dew'-she-um, 8. (Lat.) The membrane which incloses the thecae in ferns.—In entomology, the ease or covering of certain larvae. Industrial, in-dus’-tre-al, a. Consisting in or per¬ taining to industry. Industrially, ad. With reference to industry. Industrious, in-du^-tre-us , a. Diligent in business or study; given to industry; habitually occupied in business ; assiduous ; active; laborious. Industriously, in-du^-tre-us-le, ad. With habitual diligence ; diligently; assiduously. Industry, in'-dus-tre, s. Habitual diligence in any employment, either bodily or mental; "steady atten¬ tion to business; assiduity. Tnduvi^, in-detv'-ve-e, s.pl. In botany, the withered leaves that remain on the stem of some plants. Indweller, in'-dwel-ler , s. An inhabitant. Indwelling, in'-dwel-ling , a. Dwelling within. — 8. Residence within, or in the heart or soul. Inebriant, in-ef-bre-ant , a. Intoxicating. — s. Anything that intoxicates, as opium. Inebriate, in-e'-hre-ate, v.a. To make drunk; to in¬ toxicate. — v.n. To be or become intoxicated. — 8. An habitual drunkard. inebriated, in-e'-bre-a-ted, pp. Intoxicated. Inebriatiojj, in-e-hre-a'-shun, 1 s. Intoxication; drunk- lNr«BRiBTY, in-e-bri’-e-te, j enness. Inedited, in-ed'-it-ed, a. Unpublished. Ineffability, in-ef-fd-biV-e-te, s. Unspcakableness. Ineffable, in-ef'-fd-bl, a. Not to be expressed in words ; unspeakable ; unutterable ; indescribable. Inefpableness, in-ef'-ffi-bl-nts, s. Unspeakableness , quality of being unutterable Ineffably, in-ef-fd-ble, ad. Unspeakably; in a manner not to be expressed in wordn. Ineffaceable, in-ef-fase'-d-bl, a. That cannot be effaced. Ineffaceably, in-ef-fas^-d-ble, ad. So as not to be effaceable. Ineffective, in-ef-fek'-tiv, a. Not producing any effect, or the effect intended inefficient; useless. Ineffectively^ in-ef-fek'-tiv-le, ad. Not effectively. Ineffectual, in-ef-fek'-tu-al, a. Not producing or not able to produce its effect; inefficient; ineffective. Ineffectually, in-ef-fek'-tu-al-le, a.d. Without effect in vain. IneffectdALNESS, in-ef-fekf-tu-al-7ies, s. Want of effect, or of power to produce it; inefficacy. Ineffbrvescence, in-ef-fer-ves'-se7ise, s. Want of effer¬ vescence ; a state of not effervescing. Ineffervescent, in-ef-fer-ves'-sent, a. Not effervescing, or not susceptible of effervescence. Ineffbrvescibility, in-ef-fer-ves-se-hil'-e-te, s. The quality of not effervescing, or not being susceptible of effervescence. Ineffervescible, in-ef-fer-ves'-se-hl, a. Not capable of effervescence. Inefficacious, in-ef-fe-ka'-shus, a. Not having power to produce the effect desired, or the proper effect; of inadequate power or force. Inkfficaciodsly, in-ef-fe-ka’-shus-le, ad. Without effi¬ cacy or effect. Inefficaciodsnbss, in-ef-fe-ka'-shus-nes, ) s. Want of Inefficacy, in-ef’-fe-kd-se, / power to produce the desired or proper effect; inefficiency. Inefficiency, in-ef-fish'-en-se, s. Want of power or exertion of power to produce the effect, inefficacy. Inefficient, iri-ef-fish'-etit, a. Not efficient, not pro¬ ducing the effect; inefficacious. Inefficiently, in-ef-Jish'-ent-le, ad. Ineffectually without effect. Inelaborate, in-e-laV-o-rate, a. Not elaborate; not wrought with care. Inelastic, in-e-la^-tih, a. Not clastic; wanting ticity. INELASTICITY [ 620 ] INEXPERT Inelasticity, in -^- las - tis '- e - tefS . Th,6ftb8GiiC6 of elas¬ ticity ; the want of elastic powe^ Inelegance, in-el'-e-ganse. Ti.- iwELEQANCT. in-eV-e-gan-BC, j _ Want of elegance; want of beauty or poliah in language' composition, or manners; want of symmetry or ornament in building; want of delicacy in colouring, &o. Inelegant, in-el'-e-gant, a. Not elegant; wanting beauty or polish, as in language, or refinement, as in manners ; wanting symmetry or ornament, as ftn edifice. Inelegantly, in-el'-t-gant-le, ad. In an inelegant or unbecoming manner; coarsely. • Ineligibility, in-el-e-je-bil'-e-te, 8. Incapacity of being elected to an office; state or quaUty of not being worthy of choice. ^^ ^ , Ineligible, in-el'-e-je~bl,a,. Not capable of being elected to an office i not worthy to be chosen or preferred; not expedient. , Ineligibly, in-el'-e-je-blCy ad. In an ineligible manner. Inbloqcent, in-eV-o-kwenty a. Not eloquent not speaking with fluency or propriety; not pereuasive. Ineloqdently, in-eV-o-kwent~ley ad. Without elo- Quence. Ineluctable, t in-e-luk'-t&-blf a. Not to be resisted by stniggling ; not to be overcome. , , , Ineludible, in-e~lew'-de-bly a. That cannot be eluded. Inembryonatb, in^etn'-hTC-un-cttey a. Not formed in embryo. ^ ^ , Inbnarrable, in-e-ndT'-rd-bly a. That cannot be nar¬ rated or told. , Inept, in-ept'y a. Not apt or fit; unsuitable; unbecom- Ine^itdde, xn-ej^-te-tudey s. Unfitness; inaptitude ; unsuitableness. ^ , _ ,, _ . Ineptly, in-eptf-ICy ad. Unfitly; unsuitably j foolishly. Ineptness, in-ept'-nes, 8. Unfitness. iNEQDALf-t- in-ef -kwaXy a. Uneven ; various. Inequality, in-e-hwnl'-e-tey s. Difference or want of equality in degree, quantity, length, or quality of any kind; unevenness; difference or disparity of rank, station, or condition. a. e. • i, Inequidistant, in-e-kwe-disf-tanty a. Not being equally distant. , . , wr • i Inequilateral, in-e-kwe-lnV-e-TCily a. Having unequal Inequitable, in-ekf-kwe-t&-bly a. Not equitable; not just. „ Inequivalvb, in-^-kwe-valvCy | a. Havingun- InequivalvuiaAR, xn-e-ku'e-vfil'-vu-ldTy) equal valves, as the shell of an oyster.—In botanyy applied to the glumes of plants which exliibit inequality in the size and figure of their constituent valves. Ineradicable, in-e-rad'-e-kd bly a. That cannot be eradicated. , o. ^ a. Ineraoicably, in-e-radf-e-kd bley ad. So as not to be eradicable. iNERGt'Tic, in-er-jed-iky Inekoetical, in-er-jet'-e-kal, Inergetically, in-er-jetf-e-lMi-le, &d. Inerm, in-erm'y Inermous, in-eid-muSy Inermia, in er'-tne-dy s.pl. In zoologyy^ term applied to a family of Ruminants destitute of horns. Inerrabi LiTY, in-er~rd-bil'-e-te,) f,. Exemption from Inerrablewess, in-er'-rd-bl-nes, j error; infallibility. Inerrable, in-er’-rd-bly a. That cannot err, exempt from error or mistake ; infallible. Inerrably, in-«r'-rd-6ie, ad. With security from error; infallibly. . - . Inerratic, in - er ~ Tfit'-iky a. Not erratic ; fixed. Inerringly, in-er'-ring-Uy ad. Without error or mistake. Inert, in ert', a. Destitute of the power of moving itself or of active resistance to motion impressed; very slow to aet . inactive ; dull, sluggish. • NERTiA, iii-er' she-d, s. (Lat.) A property of matter, by which it tends to preserve a slate of rest when still, and of uniform rectilinear motion when moving; inertness. a. Raving no energy. Without energy. In botany, unarmed; desti¬ tute of prickles or thorns, as The state or quality ot- being inert; want of activity or exertion; (nertton, tn - er '- sh 7 iny Inerti r»'i)E, in-&r'-te-tude Inertness vi crf-neSy sluggishness. . .. .a_ i ^ i.i Inertly, in-erf-le, ad. Without^activity ; sluggishly. Inescate, in-ef-kate, v.a. To bait; to lay a bait for. Inescation, 8. The act of baiting. Inescutcheon, xn-es-kut'-trbnn, s. In l^ra'dry, a species of ordinary, being an escutcheon borne within an escutcheon. In esse, in es'-se. A Latin phrase denoting a thing tn being, or actually existing, in contradistinction to what may be tn posse, or the thing that is not, but may be. Inessential, in-es-sen'-shal, a. Not essential; unessen¬ tial. Inestimable, in-ef -te-md-hl, a. That cannot be esti¬ mated or computed; too valuable or excellent to be rated; being ^ove all price ; invaluable. Inestimably, in-es'-te-md-ble, ad. In a manner not to be estimated. Inevasible, in-e-va'-se-bl, a. That cannot be evaded. Inevidence, tn-ct/-c-Tiensc, s. Want of evidence; obscu¬ rity. Inevident, in-ei/-e-de7ity a. Not evident; not clear or obvious. ^ Inevitability, in-ev-e-id-bxl'~e-te, s. Impossibility to be avoided ; certainty to happen. Inevitable, a.. Not to be avoided, that cannot be shunned; unavoidable; that admits of no escape or evasion. Inevitableness, in-eif-e-t&-bl-7ies, s. The state of being unavoidable. , Inevitably, in-ev'-e-td-ble, ad. W^ithout possibility of escape or evasion ; unavoidably ; certainly. Inexact, in-egz-akf, a. Not exact; not precisely correct or true. Inexactness, in-egz-akt'-nes, s. Incorrectness; want of precision. Inexcitable, in-ek-si'-td-bl, a. Not susceptible of ex¬ citement ; dull; lifeless ; torpid. Inexcusable, in-eks-ku'-zd-bl, a. Not to be excused or justified; unpardonable. Inexcusableness, in-eks-ku'-zA-bl-nes, s. The quality oi not admitting of excuse or justification. Inexcusably, tn-eks-ku'-zA-ble, ad. With a degree of guilt or folly beyond excuse or justification. Inexecutablb, in-eks-e-ku'-td-bl, a. That cannot be executed or performed. Inexecution, xn-f'ks-e-ku'-shun, s. Neglect of execu¬ tion ; non-performance. Inexertion, i7t-€gz-er'-shun, s. W^ant of exertion or effort; defect of action. Inexhalable, in-egz-ha'-Id-bly a. Not to be exhaled or evaporated; not evaporable. Inexhalsted, in - egz - hawf - tedyZ .. Not exhausted ; not emptied ; unexhausted ; not spent. Inexhaustible, iyi-egz-hatof-te-hl, a. That cannot be exhausted or emptied ; unfailing. Inexhaustibleness, i7i-egz-ha7vf-te-bl-neSyfi. The state of being inexhaustible. Inexhaustibly, in-egz-hatos'-te-ble, ad. In an inex¬ haustible manner or degree. x ^ Inexhaustivb, i 7 i‘egz-haws'-tiv, a. Not to be exhausted or spent. Inexist, v.n. Not to exist. ^ Inexistence, in-egz-ist'-e7isey 8. Want of being or ex^t- ence; inherence. Inexistent, in-egz-if-te7ity a. Not having being; not existing ; existing in something else. Inexorability, in-eks-o-rd-biV-e-te., 1 s. The state ^ or Inexorableness, in-ekf-o-rd-bl-7ies, j quabty of being inexorable or unyielding to entreaty. Inexorable, in-eks'-o-rd^l, a. Not to be persuaded oj moved by entreaty or prayer; too firm and deter mined in purpose; inflexible ; immoveable; uni*elent ing. Inexorably, i7i-ekf-o-rd-ble, ad. So as to be immoveable by entreaty. , « x ^ • Inbxpectation, 8. State of having no expectation. lNEXPECTED,t in-eks-pekt'-ed, a. Not expected. Inexpedience, in-eks-pe'-de-ense, is. Want of fitness; Inexpediency, j impropriety; un- suitahleness to the purpose. Inexpedient, w ■ek8-pe'-de-e7Uy a. Not expedient, not tending to promote a purpose ; unfit; improper. Inexpediently, ad Not fitly ; not expediently. Inexpensive, tJi-cAs-pen'-stu, a. Not expensive. Inexperience, in-eks-pe'-re-ense, s. Want of experiene or experimental knowledge. Inexperienced, in-eks-p^-re-e7istj a. Not having exje" rience; unskilled. Inexpert, in-eks-perf, a. Not expert; not skiUed ; INEXPERTNESS [ 821 INFERIOR destitute of knowledge or dexterity deriyed firom practice. InexpertnesS; in-ehs-pert'-ncB, s. ‘Want of expertness. Inexpia-ble, tn-ek^~pe~&-hly a. That admits of no atonement or satisfaction. Ine^ia-bly, in-ek^-pe-d.-ble, ad. To a degree that ad¬ mits of no atonement. lNEXPLAiNABEE,t in~ek8-pla'-n&-blf a. That cannot be explained; inexplicable. Inexpleably4 i7i-ek^-ple-&-blet ad. Insatiably. Inexplicability, in-eks-ple-k^-biV'-e-tey s. The quality or state of being inexplicable. Inexplicable, in-eks'-pte-kd-bl, a. That cannot be ex¬ plained or interpreted. Inexpucableness, in-eks'-ple-kd-bl-nes, 8. The state or quality of being inexplicable. Inexplicably, in-eks'-jne-kd-ble, ad. In a maimer not to be explained. Inexplicit, in-eks-plis'-ity a. Not explicit; not clear in statement. Inexplorable, in-eks-plc/-rh-bly a. That cannot be ex¬ plored, searched, or discovered. Inexposurb, in-eks-po'-zhur, s. A state of not being exposed. Inexpressible, in-eka^pres^-se-bL a. Not to be expressed in words; unspeakable ; unutrerable. Inexpressibly, in-eks-pres'-se~ble, nd. In a mann er or degree not to be expressed. Inexpressive, in-eka-pres'-siv, a. Not tending to ex¬ press ; not expressing ; inexpressible. Inbxpressiveness, iti^eks-pre/siv-nes, s. The state of^ being inexpressive. IvEXPooNABLE, in-cks-pug'-na-blj a. Not to be subdued by force ; not to be taken by assault; impregnable. Inexsuperable, m-eks-su'-per-d-bl, a. Not to be sur¬ mounted; insuperable. Inextended, in-eks-tend'-ed, a. Having no extension. Inextension, in-eks-ten'-shu7i, s. "Want of extension. IVEXTERMiNABLB, i7i~ek8~ter'-ini7i-&-bl, a. That cannot be exterminated. Inextinct, i7i-eks-ti7ikf,. a. Not quenched; not extinct. Inextin guishable, i7i-eks-ting'-gwish-&-bly a. That cannot be extinguished; unquenchable. Inextirpable, i7i-eks-tir'~pd-m, a. That cannot be extirpated. Inextricable. i7i-eks'-tre-k&-bl, a. Not to be disen- ^ tangled; not to be untied. Jnextricableness, in-eks'-tre-k&^bl-neSf s. The state of being inextricable. Inextricably, iTi-eks'-tre-kd-blCf ad. To a degree of perplexitv not to be disentangled. Ineve, tw-r, v.a. To inoculate, as a tree or a bud. InfabricATED,J iTi-fab'-re-ka-ted, a. Unfabricated. Infallibility, vi-fal-le’bil'-e‘te,)8. The quality of Infallibleness, m-fal'-le-bl-nes ,) being incapable of error or mistake ; inerrabiUty. Infallible, in-fal'-le-bl^d,. Not capable of erring; not liable to fail or to deceive confidence ; certain. Infali.ibly, ad. AVithout a possibility of erring; certainly. Infame,! i7i~/amt/y v.a. To defame. Infamize, + X7i'-jd-mize, v.a. To make infamous. Infamous, a. Of ill report; having a repu¬ tation of the worst kind; notoriously vile ; held in abhorrence ; branded with infamy; scandalous; dis¬ graceful. Infamously^, in'-fd-mus-le, ad. In a manner or degree to render infamous ; disgracefully. Infamy, is. Loss of reputation; Infamousness ,4 i7i''fd~mus-7ies, j public disgrace; qualities notoriously bad.—In law, that loss of cha¬ racter incurred by a convict, from which he is rendered incapable of being a juror, or even a witness. Infancino, i7i-fan-t$e'-no, s. (Sp.) OilJ extracted from green olives. Infancy, m'-faTt-se, s. The first part of life, beginning at the birth.—In lawy infancy extends to the age of twenty-one years.—The early period of existence. Infandous,!: m-fan'-dns, a. Too odious to be expressed. Infanothef, i7i~fa7ig'~thef, s. In law, an ancient privi¬ lege granted to lords to judge thieves taken on their manors. Infant, i7i'-/a7it,6. A child in the first period of life, beginning at his birth; a young babe.—In law, a person under the age of twenty-one, and therefore not jpresumed, as a general ruie to be of legal capacity. Infant, a. Pertaining to infancy, or the first p^odof life; young: tender. Infanta, xn-jan'-tiL, s. In Spain and Portugal, anv princess of the royal blood, except the eldest daughter when heiress apparent. Infante, in-fan-te, s. In Spain and Portugal, any son of the king, except the eldest or heir apparent. Infanticide, in-fan'-te-side, s. The intentional killing of an infant; a slayer of infants. Infantile, in'-fa7i~ttle, ) a. Pertaining to infancy, or Infantine, in'-fan-tine,] to infants, or to the flr^ period of life. Infant-like, in'-fant-like like an infant. Infantlt, m'-fant-le, a. Like a child. Infantry, in'-fan-tre, s. In milita'ry affairs, the soldiers or troops that serve on foot.—Jn/an^ry exercise consists of the use of the firelock and bayonet, and the regimental evolutions of an army. Infarce in-farse', v.a. To stuff. Infarction 4 in-farkf -shun, s. The act of stuffing or filling; constipation. Infashionable,J in-fash'-xm-d-bl, a. Unfashionable. iNFATioABLEjt in-fat'-e-gd-U, a. Indefatigable. Infatuate, X7i-faf-u-ate, v.a. To make foolish; to affect with folly ; to weaken the intellectual powers, or deprive of sound judgment. —$ a. otupefied ; infatuated. Infatuated, xn-faf-u-a-ted, pp, or a. Affected with folly. Infatuation, in-fat-u-a'-shun, s. The act of affecting with folly; a state of mind in which the intellectu^ powers are weakened. lNrAU8TiNG4 in-fawst'-ing, s. The act of making un¬ lucky. Infbasibilitt, in-fe-ze-bil'-e-te, Is. Impracticability; Infeabibleness, m-f^-ze-bl-7ie8,] quality of not being capable of being performed. Infeasible, in^fe'-ze-bl, a. Impracticable; impossible. Infect, m-fekf, v.a. To taint with disease ; to taint or affect with morbid or noxious matter; to communi¬ cate bad qualities to; to corrupt; to vitiate. —$ a. Infected. Infected, in-fekf-ted, pp. or a. Tainted with noxious matter ; corrupted by bad qualities. Infecter, i7i-fek'-ter , s. He or that which infects. Infection, in-fek'-ahun, s. Act or process of infecting ; the thing which infects.— Figuratively, that which taints, poisons, or corrupts by communication from one to another. Infectious, in-fek'-ahua, a. Having qualities that may taint or communicate disease to ; corrupting. Infectiously, in-fek'-shua-le, ad. By infection. Infectiousness, in-fek'-shus-nes, s. The quality of being infectious, or capable of communicating disease from one to another. Infectivej i7%-fek'-tiv, a. Having the quality of com¬ municating disease. Infecund, i7\-fe^-kund, a. Unfruitful; not producing young; barren. Infecundity, hi-fe-kun'-de-te, s. Unfruitfuiness, bai renness. Infeffment, in-fef'-7nent, s. In Scotch law, the syn bolical surrender of an hereditament, by the preseik- ing of a small quantity of earth and stone of tx property surrendered. Infelicitous, in-fe-lia'-e-tus, a. Not felicitous; un¬ happy. Infelicity, 8. Unhappiness; misfortune, adversity. Infeodation. in-few-da'-shun. See Infeudation. Infeoff, xn-jef. See Ens eofp. Infer, in-fer*, v.a. To deduce; to draw or derive, as a fact or consequence. Inferable, in-fer'-rd-bl, 1 a. That may be inferred Inferrible, in-fer'-re-bl, ] from premises; deducible, derivable. Inference, in'-fer-enae, s. A truth or proposition drawn from another which is admitted or supposed to be true ; deduction ; conclusion. Inferential, in-Zer-en'-sAa?, a. Deduced or deducible by inference. Inferbntiallt, in-fer-en'-ahaX-Xe, ad. way of in* ference. iNFERiiE, in-f^-re-e, s.pl. (Lat.) Sacrifices offered by the Greeks and Romans to the Bii Manea, or souls of deceased heroes. Inferior, in-fe'-re-ur,z.. Lower in place; lower in station, age, or rank; subordinate; of less import' INFEEIOE 622 ] INFLOEHGE ance.—In taw. Inferior Courts are minor courts dis- tinjfuishcd from the superior courts of Westminster, as the (iueen's Bench, Common Pleas, and Exchequer. Inferior, s. A person who is younger, or of a lower station or rank in society. Inferiority, in-fe~rt-or'~e^te, s. A lower state of dignity, age, or quality. iNFERioRLYjt xu-fe'-re-ur-le, ad. In an inferior manner. Infern iL, in-fei^-nai, a. Pertaining to hell, or the lower regions; the Tailarus of the ancients; diabo¬ lical . Satanic.—Ju/ema/ stone, a name formerly given to lunar caustic. — 8. An inhabitant of hell, or of the lower regions. Infernally, in-fer'-nal-le, ad. In a detestable and in¬ fernal way. Inferobranchians, in-fe-ro-brang'-ke-ans, s.pl. An order oi Gasteropod Moliusca. Inferrel, in-ferd' , pp. of the verb to infer. Infertile, in-fer'-til, a. Not fruitful or productive; barren. Infertilely, in-fer'-til-le, ad. In an unproductive manner. Infertility, in-fer^til'-e-te, b. Unfruitfulness; unpro¬ ductiveness. Infest, in fesif, v.a. To trouble greatly; to annoy, harass, or plague. Infestation, in-fes-ta'-shxni, s. The act of infesting; molestation. Infestkrbd, in-fe^-terd, a. Rankling; inveterate. Infestive, in-fes'-tiv, a. Having no mirth. Infestivity, s. Want of festivity, or of cheerfulness at entertainments. Infestlious,^ in-fe^-tu-us, a. Mischievous. Infbddation, in~feW'da''Shun, s. The act of putting one in pussessitjn of an estate in fee ; the granting of tithes to laymen, a practice which was prohihitea by the Council of Lateran, in 1179. Infibulation, in-fih-n-ia'-shun, s. A clasping or con¬ fining with a small buckle or padlock. Infidel, in'-fe-del, a. Unbelieving; disbelieving the doctrines of Christianity ; deistical; sceptical. — 8. One who disbelieves the inspiration of the Scrip¬ tures, and the divine origin of Christianity; a free¬ thinker, a deist; a sceptic.—The term infidel is also applied to the Mohammedans, who in return call Christians gianurs, or infidels. Infidelity, in-fe-deV-e~te, s. Want of faith or belief; disbelief of the inspiration of the Scriptures, or the divine origin of Christianity; scepticism; deism; unbelief; a violation of the marriage covenant by adultery or lewdness; breach of trust; treachery; deceit. Infield, in’-feeld, s. Land kept continually under crop. lNFiBLD,t in-feeld' , v.a. To inclose, as a field. Infiltered, in-fiV-terd, a. Infiltrated. Infiltrate, in-fiV-trate, v.n. To enter by penetrating the pores or interstices of a substance. Infiltration, in-fil-tra'-shun, s. The act or process of entering the pores or cavities of a body, or the sub¬ stance which has entered them. Infinite, a. Without limits; boundless; im¬ measurable ; not circumscribed in extent, duration, attributes, &c.; that will have no end. — 8. In mathematics, an infinite quantity. Infin itely , in'-fe-nit-le, ad. Without bounds or limits j immensely ; greatly. Infiniteness, %n'-fe'-nit-nes, s. Boundless extent of* time, space, or qualities ; infinity ; immensity. Infinitesimal, in-fin-e-te^-e~mal, a. Infinitely small j less than any assignable quantity. — 8. An infinitely small quantity. Infinitesimally, ad. By quanti¬ ties infinitely small. Infinitive, in-fin'-e-tiv, a. That has no limit.—In grammar, the infinitive mood expresses the action of the verb, witliout Limitation of person or number. Infinito, iti-fe-ne'-to. Mtal.) In wmstc, perpetual, as a canon whose end leads back to the beginning. Infinitude, iji-fin'-e-tude,)B. The quality or state of Infinity, in-^7i'-e-te, ) being without limits ; immensity ; greatness ; boundlessness ; indefinite extent. iNFiRM, in^firm', a. Not firm or sound; weak in body or mind ; debilitated; enfeebled. “t v.a. To weaken. Infirmary, in-fir'-m&-re, s. A hospital or place where the sick are lodged and nursed. iNFiRMATivE, a. Weakening; tending U render void , annulling. Infirmity, in-fir'-me-te, \ 8. An unsound or un* Infirmness, in-firm'-nes, j healthy state of till body ; feebleness; weakness of mind or of resolu tion; any particular disease; malady, or unsound- uess. Infirmly, m-firm'-le, ad. In an infirm manner. Infix, m-fiks', v.a. To fix by piercing or thrusting in to fasten in something; to implant or fix, as prin¬ ciples in the mind, or ideas in the memory. Inflame, in-flame', y.B.. To set on fire; to kindle; to cause to burn ; to heal, to excite exce8si\e action in the blood-vessels, to fill with anger or resentment to provoke, iiTitate, or exasperate. — v.n. To grow hot, angry, or painful. Inflamer, m-fla'-mer, s. The person or thing that inflames. Inflammability, in-flam-ma-bil'-e-te,)B. Susceptibi- Inflammableness, hi-flam'-md-bl-nes,] lity of readily taking fire ; the quality of being susceptible of flame, or capable of taking fire. Inflammable, in-flam'-md-bl, a. That may be easJly set on fire ; susceptible of combustion. Inflammably, ad. In an inflammable manner. Inflammation, t?i-^am-«ia'-sAwn, s. The act of setting on fire or inflaming; the state of being in flame; violent exciteuient; heat; animosity.—In medicine and surgery, a redness and swelling of any pai’t of an animal body, attended with heat, pain, and febrile symptoms. Inflammatory, tn-^aj«'-wd-iMr-e, a. Inflaming; tend¬ ing to excite heat or inflammation ; tending to excite anger, animosity, or sedition, as books or pam¬ phlets. Inflate, in~flate', v.a. To swell or distend by injecting air ; to fill with the breath ; to blow in ; to puflf up; to elate. Inflate, in-flate', la. Swelled or distended with Inflated, ) air; puffed up.—In botany, puffed ; hollow and distended. Inflatingly, in-fla'-ting-le, ad. In the way oi inflation. Inflation, in-fla'-shun, s. The act of inflating; the state of being distended with air injccti-d or in¬ haled ; the state of being puffed up, as with vanity; conceit. Inflect, in-flekt', v a. To bend ; to turn from a direct line or course.—In grammar, to vary a noun or a verb in its terminations; to decline, as a noun or adjective, or to conjugate, as a verb; to modulate, as the voice. Inflected, in-flekt'-ed, a. Turned ; bent. Inflection, iyi-flek’-shun, s. The act of bending or turning from a direct line or course.—In optics, a term used to denote certain phenomena which light exhibits when it passes near the edges of an opaque body.—In grammar, the variation of nouns, &c., by declension, and of verbs by conjugation; a slide of the voice in yieaking, either up or down. Inflective, in-flek’-tiv, a. Having the power of bending. Inflexed, in-fleksf, pp. or a. Turned; bent; bent inward. Inflexibility, vi-fleks-e-bil'-e-te, Is. The quality of Inflexibleness, ifi-flrks' e-bl-nes, | being inflexible, or not capable of being bent; unyielding stiffness; obstinacy of will or temper ; unbending pertinacity. Inflexible, in-fleks'-e-bl, a. That cannot be bent; that will not yiedd to prayers or arguments ; film in purpose ; not to be changed or altered ; unbending ; unyielding , unrelenting. Inflexibly, m-fleks'-e-ble, ad. With a fij'mness that resists all importunity or persuasion ; inexorably. Inflexion, in-flekf-shun. See Inflection- Inflexcre, in-flek'-shur , s. Inflexion ; a curving. Inflict, in-flikt' , v.a. To lay on ; to throw or send on ; to apply, as punishment or disgrace. Inflicter, in-flik'-ter , s. He who lays on or applies. Infliction, in-flik-shun , s. The act of laying on or applying ; the punisliment applied. Inflictive, in-flik-tiv, a. Tending or able to inflict. Inflorescence, in-flo-re^-sense, 8. In botany, a mode of flowering, or the manner in which flowers are sup¬ ported on their foot-stalks or peduncles ; a flowering; the unfolding of blossoms. Influence, in’-flu-ense, s. Literally, a flowing in WJ" INFLUENCE [ 623 ] INGELABLE upon ; a power whose operation is invisible, and known only by its effects. authority . sway . moral power, or power of truth operating on the mind , physical power, or power that affecte natural bodies Dy unseen operation , spiritual power, or the imme¬ diate power of God on the mind.—In astrology, the power wliich celestial bodies ai’e supposed to exert on teri’esirial. Influence, v.a. To move by physical power operating by unseen laws or force , to affect; to move by moral power , to move, as the passions ; to lead or direct. Influencing, in'-jixt-eiis-ing,%. Actof inciting, moving, or inducing. Influencive, in-fiu-e7i'-siv, a. Tending to influence; influential. Influent, t in'-flu-e7itj a. Flowing in. Influential, xn-fin-en'-shal, a. Exerting influence or power by invisible operation. Influentially, in-Jlu-en'-shal-Uj ad. By means of in¬ fluence. Influenza, in-flu-en'-zix, s. An epidemic catarrh. Influx, in'fiuks, s. The act of flowing in; infusion; intromission, a coming in; importation in abundance, as a great influx of goods. Influxion, in-fluk'-slmn, s. Infusion , intromission. iNFLUxiouSjt xn flak’-shxis, a. Influential. Influxive,! in-fluk'-siv, a. Having influence, or having a tendency to flow in. , Inpluxively, m-fluk'-siv-lCy ad. In the way of in¬ fluxion. Infold, in-foald’, v.n. To involve; to wrap up or in wrap , to inclose; to clasp with the arms; to embrace. Infulument, in-foald’-nxentf s. Act of infolding; state of being infolded. Infuliate, in-fo'-le-ate, v.a. To cover or overspread with leaves. iNFoaM. ixi-faiorm.', v.a. To form or fashion; to ani¬ mate or give life to; to communicate knowledge to ; to make known by word or writing ; to acquaint; to instruct — v.n To give intelligence .—To xxiform againsty to communicate facts by way of accusation. —X a. Without regular form ; shapeless , ugly. Informal, in /aiorm'-al, a. Not in the regular or usual form . not according to custom. Informality, in-fawr-xnal'-e-tey s. Want of regular or customary form Informally, in-fawr'-vial-le, ad. In an irregular or informal manner ; without the usual forms. Inform.vnt, in-fator'-nxant, s. One who informs or gives intelligence. Information, in-faior-nia’-shxin,^. Intelligence; news or advice communicat<*d by word or writing; know¬ ledge derived from reading or instruction ; a cliarge or accusation exhibited to a magistrate or court.— Informations ex oflicio are public accusations for such misdemeanours as are presumed by their libellous tendency to endanger the safi'ty of the queen’s govern¬ ment , or, by calumniating the queen's ministers, iudges, or other high official dignitaiies, are calcu¬ lated to excite seditious riots or public disorders. Of late years these informations have nearly fallen into disuse. Informative, in-fawr'-md-tiVf a. Having power to animate. Informed, in-fawrmd', pp. of the verb to inform. — a. lU-mrmed , misshapen. Informer, in-fawrxn'-er, a. One who animates, informs, or gives intelligence; one who communicates to a magisii-ate a knowledge of the violations of law.—In a bad sense, one who gains his livelihood by informing against others. iNFORMiDABLBji in-faiorm'-e-d&-bl, 3.. Not formidable; not to be feared or dreaded. Informity, in-fawrm'-e-te, s. Want of regular form; shapelessness. iNFORMous.t m-faxvr'-muSf a. Of no regular form or figure, shapeless. InfortunatBjJ in-faicr'-tu-nate, a. Unlucky. See Unvortunatb. .bjFORTUNATELYjt in-fawr'-tu-nate-le, ad. Unfortu¬ nately. Infortune4: in-fawf-tun^ s. Misfortune. Infract, in-frakif, fringe. Infraction, x7\-frak'-shunf s. The act of breaking; violation; infringement. . Uncommonness; rareness , the state Rare ; uncommon ; v.a. To break; to violate, to in- INFRACTOR, in-fraV f«r, a. One who violates an agrfO> raent, &c. Infrageant, in-fra'-grant, a. Not fragrant. Infkalapsarian. in frU-lap-sa'-re-an, a. Pertaining to the Infralapsarians. or to their doctrine. — 8. The same with Sublapsarian. Inframundane. in-fi'd-mun'-dane. a. Lying or being beneath the world. Infrangible, in /ran'-je-hl, a. Not to be broken or separated into parts; not to be violated. Inpraterritorial, in-frd-ter-re-to'-re-al, a. Within the territory. Infrequence, in-fre'-kioense. Infrequency, in-fr^-kxvexi-se, of rarely occurring. Infrequent, in-fre -kwent, a. seldom happening. Infrequently, in-fre'-kwent-le, ad. Not frequently. Infrigidate, in-frij'-e-date. v.a. To chill : to make cold. Infrigidation, in-frij-e-da'~shu7\y s. The act of making cold. Infringe, in-frmf, v.a. To violate ; to transgress ; to neglect to fulfil or obey Infrin(tEMent, in-friyif-ment, s. Act of violating, non-fulfilment, infraction; encroachment. Infringer, in-frinf-er, s. One who violates; a vio¬ lator. Infructuose, m-fruk'-tu-ose, a. Not bearing fruit, barren. Infruoal, in-freiv'-galy a. Not frugal; careless; extra¬ vagant. Infrugiferous, iyx-frexo-jif -er-txsy a. Not bearing fruit Infucatb, in'-few-kate, v.a. To stain; to paint; to daub. Infula, 8. In antiquity, a mitre worn upon the head by the priests of Greece and Rome. Infumatb, in'-fu-niate, v.a. To dry in the smoke. Infi med, in fewmd' a. Dried in sinoke. Infundibular, in-jun-dih'-u-lar, a. Having the form of a tunnel. Infundibuliform, in-fnn-dib'-u-le-faxorm, a. In botany, having the shape of a funnel, as the corolla of a flower , monopetalous. Infi rcation, in far ka'-shun,&. A forked extension. Infuriate, in ffw'-re.-ate, a. Enraged ; mad , raging. — v.a. To render furious or mad , to enrage. Infuscatb, m-fus'-kate, v.a. To darken ; to make black. Infuscation, in~fus~ka'-shun, s. The act of darkening or blackening. Infuse^ hi-fewze', v.a. To pour in, as a liquid ; to Instil, as principles or qualities ; to pour in or instil, as into the mind ; to steep in liquor without boiling. —t s. Infusion. Infuser, m-fexo'-zer, s. One who infuses. Infusibility, in-few-ze~bil'-e-te, s. The capacity of being infused or poured in ; the incapability of being fused or dissolved. Infusible, in-feio'-ze-bl, 3. That may be infused; in¬ capable of fusion , that cannot be dissolved or melted. Infusion, in-few'-zhun, s. The act of pouring in, or in¬ stilling ; instillation; the liquid in which plants are steeped, for the purpose of being impregnated with their virtues.—In pharmacy, the act of introducing into veins medicinEd substances by a kind of syringe. Infusive, in-few'-siv, a. Having the power of infusion. Infusorial, in-few-so'-re-al, 1 a. Pertaining to or com- Infdsory, in-Je.w'~so-re, ] posed of infusorial aui- raalculfe. Infusoria, in-few-so’-re-d, s.pl. (hat.) Microscopic animalcul8e inhabiting liquids of various kinds, and having no apparent organs of motion except ex¬ tremely minute hairs, called vibratile ciiies. Ehren- berg. however, has demonstrated that these minute creatures have internal structures similar to the higher animals; he also describes upwards of five hundred species, and has discovered them in rain, snow, and fog. Inqannation,+ tn-< 7 rtn-nrt'-s/i«n, s. Cheat; fraud. lNQATE,t in'-gate, s. Entrance; passage in,—In the arts, an aperture in a mould for pouring in metal, techni¬ cally called the tedge. Ingathering, in-gath'-er-mg, a. The act or business 0 l collecting and securing the fruits of the earth ; har¬ vest. Ingblablb, infeV-A-hl, a, That cannot be congealed. INaEMINATE [ 624 ] INHEESE Ii(GeuiNA.TE. in-Jem’~e-natef a. £>6tttraDied« — v.a. To double or repeat. lNOEMiifATioN4 in-Jem-e-n the addition of a little logwood.-.Red ink is.a solution of alum coloured with Brazil wood .—mk is pro¬ duced from sulphate of indigo.—or indeliole ink is a solution of nitrate of silver.-l i3 made from boiled linseed or nut oil burned and mixed with lampblack, soap, and i 7 iks are compounds winch, when remain invisible till heated, as solutions of cobalt, &c — v.a. To black or daub with ink. . ^ Ink-bag, ingk'-bag, s. A bag or sac containing a deep black liqiiid^found in certain animals, as in the cutiu. INMLUHKED, ingV-blurd, a. Blurred or darkened with Ink-bottlb, i7ik-bot'tly s. A receptacle for , , Inkhorn, i7igk'-hawr7iyB. A small vessel used to hOiU —?a.’ A reproachful epithet, meaning affected, pedan- iNSN^s^^^f/K-nM, s. The state or quaUty of being Inking-roller, i7igl^-ipi0-'*'ole^-6r.B. with a gluey composition for inking priirting types. Inking-table, ingk '- i 7 ig - ta'hly 8. A flat surface used lettei-press printers for ^pplymg the m^g-rouci with the requisite quantity of ink during the pi ctti-S of printing. Inkle, ing'kl, s. A kind of broad linen tape. INKLINa r 626 3 rsrooAEPTJS Cxxuvo, ingk'lingf s. A hint or whisper j an intisna- lion , inclination ; desire. Ixg-M AKF. a, ijigk'-nta~ker , 8. One whose profession is to make or prepare any kind of ink, whether for writing or printing. Inxnit, »n-mT, V.a. To knit in. Inknot, in-7iot\ v.a. To Dind as with a knot. Inkstand, ingk-stand, s. A vessel for holding ink. Ink*stone, ingk'-stone, 8. A kind of round smooth stone used in making ink. Inkt, ingk'-e,a. Consisting of ink; resembling ink; black; blackened with ink. In LACE, iti-lase'j v.a. To embellish with variegations. Inlaoation, in-ld-ga'-shun, s. The restitution of an outlawed person to the protection of the law. Inlaid, m-lade', pp. of the verb to inlay. In land, in'-lana, a. Interior; remote from the sea; ^v’ithin land; canied on within a country; domestic, not foreign, as trade ; confined to a country. — 8. The interior part of a country. Inlander, m'-lan-der, s. One who lives in the interior of a count^, or at a distance from the sea. Inlandish,$ in'-lan-dish, a. Denoting something inland; native. Inlapidatb, in~lap'-e-date, v.a. To convert ixto a stony substance; to petrify. Inlaw, in-lau/, v.a. To clear of outlawry or attainder. lNLAh,m-^o', v.a.; pret. and pp. Inlaid. To diversify cawnet or other work by laying in thin slices of fine wood, ivory, pearl, mosaic, &c., on some other coarser material; to veneer. Inlav. in'-la,s. Matter or pieces of wood, ivory, &c., inlaid. Inlayer, A mosaic worker; a cabinet maker who ornaments work with veneers in various-coloui’ed woods. Inlayi-no, tn-la'-ing, s. The act of diversifying or ornamenting work with thin pieces of wood, ivory, &c.; the process of veneering. Inleased, m-leest', a. In law, entangled or ensnared. Inlet, in'-let, s. A passage or opening by which an inclosed place may be entered; place of ingress; a bay or recess in the shore of the sea or of a lake or large river, or between isles. In limine, in Htn' e-ne. (Lat.) At the threshold; at the beginning or outset. Inlist, in-lisf. See En list. Inlistment, in-lisi -merit. See Enlistment. Inlock, in-lokf, v.a To lock or inclose one thing with another. Inly, in'-le, a. Internal; interior; secret. — ad. Internally ; within ; secretly. ^ Inmacy, in'-m&-se, s. The state of oeing an inmate. Inmate, in'-mate, 8. A person who lodges or dwells in the same house with another; a lodger. — a. Admitted as a dweller. Inmeats, in'-meets, s.pl. Those inner parts of a beast used for food. Inmost, in'-most, a. Deepest within, remotest from the surface or external part. Inn, in, s. A house for the lodging and entertainment of travellers; a tavern ; a college of municipal or common law professors and students, as Gray’s Inn, Lincoln’s Inn, See..—Inns of Court and Inns of Chancery are colleges in which young students formerly began their law studies. — v.n. To take up lodging; to lodge. — v.a. To house ; to put imder cover. Innate, in'-nate, or in-natef, a. Inborn; natural; inbred; inherent.— Innate ideas are ideas or notions supposed by some to be impressed on the mind from the commencement of existence; but tliis doctrine was overthrown by Locke, who demonstrated that man had no innate ideas, but that his mind, in early infancy, was like a blank sheet of paper, ready to receive any external impressions. Innately, xn'-nate-le, or in-nate'-le, ad. Naturally; inherently. Innateness, in'-nate-nes, or in-nate^-nes, s. The quality of being innate. Innavigable, in-nav^-e-gh-hl, 2 i. That cannot be navi¬ gated ; impassable by ships. Cnnavigably, in-nav'-e-gd-ble, ad. So as not to be navigable. Inner, in’-ner, a. Interior, further inward than something else; internal. |NNERLY,t %n'-ner-le, ad. More within. rNNERMosT, xu'-ncr-most , z.. Further inward. I \» iTH'N. in-ner-vtx' s. A state of wealiiiess acL ui alieaf^tlicning. Innervb, tn-nerve', v.a. To give nerve to; to invigo¬ rate. Innholder, in'-hoald-er, Is. A person who keeps aa Innkeeper, in'-keep-er, | inn or house for the enter¬ tainment of travellers; a tavern keeper. Inning, in'-ntng, s. The ingathering of grain ; a term in crieket for using the bat in tui'ii. Innings, in'-nings, s.pl. Lands recovered from the sea. Inniskilliners, in-nis-kil'-lin-er$, s.pl. A name applied to the officers and soldiers of the 6th Dragoons and 27th Foot, on account of their bravery at Inuiskillin, in Ireland, in support of William III. Innocence, in'-no-sense, \ s. Freedom from crime, sin, Innocency, in'-no-sen-se, j or guilt; untainted purity of heart and life; unimpaired integrity. Innocent, in'-no-sent, a. Free from guilt; not tainted with sin ; harmless ; innoxious ; inoffensive ; un¬ blamable ; guileless. — 8. One free from guilt or harm; -j- an ignorant per¬ son ; an imbecile. Innocently, in'-no-sent-le, ad. Without harm; with simplicity ; without evil design; without incurring a forfeiture or penalty. Innocuous, a. Hannless; safe; producing no ill effect; innocent. Innocuously, in-nok'-u-us-le, ad. Without harm, without injurious effects. Innocuousness^ in-nok'-u-u8-9ies, 8. Harmlessness ; the quality of being destitute of mischievous qualities or effects. Innominable, in-nom'-e-nh-bl, a. Not to be named. Innominate, in-nom'-e-7iate, a. Having no name, anonymous. Innominatus, in-nom-e-na'-tus, 8. Without a name, a term of very frequent occurrence in anatomy; a.s, os innominatxan, which consists of the ilium, the ischium^ and os pubis ; the arteria innoyninata, the ncvri innominati, «&c. Innovate, in'-no-vate, v.a. To change or alter by in¬ troducing something new. — v.n. To introduce novelties, or to make changes in anything established. Innovation, iri-no-va'-shun, s. Change made by tbe introduction of something new ; change in established laws, customs, rites, or practices. Innovator, in'-no-va-tur,s. An introducer of changes, or of something new. Innoxious, in-nok'-shus, a. Free from mischievous qualities; innocent; harmless; harmless in effects; free from crime. Innoxiously, in-nok'-shus-le, ad. Harmlessly; without miscliief. Innoxiousness, in-nokf-shus-nes, s. Harmlessness. Innuendo, in-u-en'-do, s. An oblique hint; a remote intimation or reference to a person or thing not named.—In laio, a word used to pniut out the applica¬ tion of some injurious remark to the person aimed at. Innuent, in'-nu-ent, a. Significant. Inndmerability, in-nexo-mor-d-hil'-e-te , 1 8 . State of Innumerableness, in-nexo’-mer-ii-hl-nes,] being in¬ numerable. Innumerable, in-new'-mer-h-bl, a. Not to be counted ; that cannot be enumerated for multitude ; countless numberless. Innumerably, in-new'-mer-&-ble, ad. Without number, Innumerous, in-neic'-mer-xis, a. Too many to be counted or numbered ; innumerable. Innutrition, in-nu-trish'-un, s. Want of nutrition; failure of nourishment. Innutritious, in-nu-tr-ish'-us,^?^. Not nutritious; hav- Innutritive, / ing no nourishment. Inobedience, in-o-be'-de-ense, s. Disobedience. Inobedient, in-o-be'-de-ent, a. Not yielding obedience. Inobservable, in-ob-zeriy-d-bl, a. That cannot be seen or observed. Inobservance, in-ob-'ser'-vanse, s. Want of observance neglect of observing ; disobedience. Inobservant, in-ob-zer'-vant, a. Not taking notice. Inobservation, in-ob-zer-va'-shun, Neglect or want of observation. Inobtrusive, in-ob-trexo'-siv, a. Not obtrusive. Inobtbusively, in-ob-treiv'-siv-le, ad. Unobtrusively. Inobtrusiveness, in-ob-trew'-siv-nes, s. A quality ol being not obtrusive. Inocarpus, in-o-kar'-pxis, s. A genus Of trees, th* Otaheite chesnut. INOOOUPATION [ 627 ] IKSAEELY {NoccTJPATiow, in-ok-ku-pa’-shuiii 8. "Want of occupa- | iNoctJLABLE, in-okf-ku-ld,-bl, a. That inay be peculated j ; that may commiuiicate disease ^ inoculation. | ^ocuLATE, in-ohf-kew-late, v.a. To insert the bud ot a , tree or plant in another tree or plant, for the purpose ; of growth on the new stock; to communicate a disease , to a person by inserting infectioi^ matter m his skm j or flesh. ... i I .^T.n. To propagate by budding, to practise mocula- Jnoculated, iti-ok*-kew~l(t-tedf pp. or a. Inserted in another stock ; infected by inoculation. Inoculation, tH-ok-kew-lc^-shunf s. The act or practice of inserting buds of one plant upon the stock of an¬ other ; the act of communicating a disease to a person in health, by inserting contagious matter in Ins skin iNoccLlToa, in~ok'-ku~la-tur,s. A person who inocu¬ lates ; one who propagates plants or diseases by inoc¬ ulation. ^ Inodi ATE,± v.a. To make hateful. Inodorate, in-o'-do-rate, Si. Having no scent OT odou^ Inodorous, t7i-o'-do-fM5, a. Wanting scent; having no Inoffensive, in-of-fen'-siv^ a. Giving no offence or provocation; unoffending; harmless. Inoffensively, in-of-fe7i'-siv-l6, ad. Without giving offence or harm. .rx i » . Inoffensiveness, in-of-fen'-siv-nesy 8. Harmlessness , the quality of not being offensive. ^ iNOFFtciAL, a. Not proceeding from the proper officer; not clothed with the usual forms ol InofficiaZly, in-of-fish'-al-le, ad. Without the usual forms, or not in the official character. Inofficious, hi-of-Jish' -us, a. Regardless of natural ob ligation ; contrary to natural duty. . Inofficiously, in-of-fish!-us-le, ad. Not civilly or offi douslv Inoperation in-op-er-a'-shun, s. Agency ; influence; production of effects. Inoperative, in-op*-er-d-tiv, a. Not operative , pro¬ ducing no effect. iNOPiNATBji a. Uncxpected. Inopportune, in-op-por-tun^, a. Not opportune ; un¬ seasonable in time. ^ tt __ Inopportunely, in-op-po7'-tun^-le, ad. Unseasonaoiy , at an inconvenient time. InoppressiVE, in-op-pres'-siv, a. Not oppressive, not burdensome. . , ^ _ Inopulent, m-op'-M-ieni, a. Not opulent; Inordinacy, i7i-aivr'-de-7id, a. Not ^^7«^lTid^other structure; void of organs, as earths, metals, and other iK^scfLATK, in-o^-hu-late, y.n. or T.a. To unite by apposition or contact, as two vessels m an animal InoscuLiTioN, in-os-ku-la*-shunt 8. Tlie union of vessels of an animal body by an openmg between them 1 anastomosis. , IHFEKNV, fii'-poi-ne, and Octpennv, law, a custom of certain manors, money is paid by the tenants on alienatmg their Df^Po^B, m po5'-se. (Lat.) In possibility of being. iSquest, Inquisition,^judicial ^ coroner’s jury for investigating the cause of a sudden iNQUiET-t in-k 7 joi'-et, v.a. To disturb ; to tremble. IituuietatioNjI: in-kwi-e-Ui'-shxm^^. Inquietude, in-kwi'-e-tude, s. Disturbed stete, rest lessness, uneasiness, either of body or mind. >JQU1REND0, Ul-KlVe-reu-iw, a. •----7 ^thority given to some person or persons to ititn ftomeLhins for the sovereign s advantage. A writ de lu?iatico mquiretido is issued for the purpose ^mqui%g into the sanity of a person who isihought incapable of managing his estate. Inquirent,'!' i7i-kwi'-Te7it, Si. Making inquiry. « . Inquirer, m-kwi'-rer, s- One who asks a question , one who searches or examines. Inquiring, in-kwi'-rmg , a. Given to mquiry , disposed to investigate causes. . Inquiringly, in-kwi'-7'i7ig-le, ad. By way of . Inquiry, iu-kwi'-re, 8 . The act of Inquiring ; sea c . for truth, information, or knowledge ; examination into facts or principles ; infterrogation ; scrutmy ; m- vestigation.—In larv, a Writ oj Inquiry is a writ directed to the sheriff, commanding him to summon a iuiT. and to inquire into the amount of damages due irom the defendant to the plaintiff m a given acti^. _ In military iiiatters, a Board of Inquiry is a terni used in contradistinction to a court-martial. of a certain number of offlcei-s, who assemble to make inquiry on certain matters, but not on oath, like a ^:^^\ 9 i-r\OT!iiin-kwe-zish'-%in, s. Jnquiry; a searching or search; Judicial inquiry; inquest. In some Roman Catholic countries, an ecclesiastieid couit or tribunal established for the examination and punishment of heretics. in Inquisitional, m-kwe-ztsh -un-al, la. Inquisitionary, in-kwe-zish'-im-ai'-e, ] quiry ; busy in InotSVe, in-kwiz’-e-tiv, a. Apt to a^k questions; addicted to inquiiy ; Inclined to seek knowledge by discussion, investigation, or — s, A person who is mquisitive ; one curious m re iNomsiTivELV, iH-k,ciz’-e-tiv-le,ai. With curiosity t» obtain information ; with scnitmy. aisnosition iNQnisiTivENESS, tyi-kwiz'-e-tiv-nes, s. The dispositum to obtain information ; curiosity to learn what is not in-kwiz’-e-tur, 8. (LahJ One who inquires; a member of the Court of Inquisition. . Iko“b“oLil, .a. Pertaining to inquiiy, or to the Court of Inquisition. iNanisiTORiALLv, m-kmz-e-to'-re-al-le, ad. After tne manner of an inquisitor. Ttfoi/incr strict INQUISITORIOUS,^ % 7 i-kwiz-e-to -re-U8, a. Makin^ strict v.a. To rail in ; to inclose with rails. INREGISTER, in-r^yis-ter, v.a. To register; to record, Inao‘S.*®L^ro/e?s‘"‘The hostile entrance of an enemy ^ into a country ; a sudden or desultory irruption or invasion ; attack ; encroachment. Tnsafety + 8. Want of safety. _ iSsiLivATJoN, in-sal-e-va'-8hun, s. In due commixture of saUva with the aliment during the process of mastication. tm • INSALCBRIOUS, in-sa-lew'-bre-us, a. Not salubiious, un favourable to health. nf Rabibritv * iNSiLCBRiTV, in-sa-leu!'-bre-te, 8. Want of salubritj iinhealthfiiJnesB. aaliitarv * not INSALCTARV, m-sal'-u-t/i-re, a.. Not salutary , favourable to health ; Productive of evil. lNSiN.,BiLiTV, in-san-(M'-e-te s. “‘^“fltlii Insanableness, in-san-d-bl-ties,) curaD , / A o Tnf'iirahlG: that cauiiot be Insanablb, in-«a»'-a-w, a. lucuraDic , uiau v. deranged; delirious ; X causing madness. ^adly; foolishly; without reason. lilSANENESS [ 628 ] INSIGNIPIOAECY l:is.iNENEss, in-sane^-^eSy^s. The state of feeing un- WsANiTY, ) sound in mind; derange¬ ment of intellect; madness; lunacy. ].'f3APOBY4: *n-«ap'-o-re, a. Tasteless'; "wanting flavour. 4 N 8 ATIABILITV, in-8a-she-&-bil'-e-ie, \ s. Greediness of iNSATiABLENESs, iii-sof-she'^bl-nes,} appetite that can- Insatiety, in-sa-ti'-e-tey ) not fee satisfied or appeased; voracity. Insatiable, a. Incapafele of feeing Insatiate, insa'-she-aiCy j satisfied or appeased: very greedy. Insatiably, in-sa'-she-A-ble, ad. ‘With greediness not to fee satisfied. iNSATiATEi.Y, insa'-ske-ate-ley ad. So greedily as not to fee satisfied. Insatisfaction, in-sat-is-fdk'-shun, s. Want of satis- factio-n. IvsATORABLE, in^sat'-xi-ra-bly a. Not to fee saturated, ftUed, or glutted. l.vsciENcE,$ 8 . Ignorance; want of know¬ ledge. InIconcb, in-sTions^y v.a. See Ensconce. Insconced, in the military arty is wlien any part of an army has for- ^fied itself with a sconce or small work, in order to uofend some pass. 1 Ksc aiBABLE, in-skvi'-bh-hly a. That may fee inscribed. Jnscribableness, i7i~shri'-bci-bl-ncSy s. State of being Inscrifeable. Ii^CRiBE, in-skribe'y v.a. To write on; to engrave on for pei*petuity; to imprint 011 ; to commend to by a sliort address ; to mark with letters, characters, or words; to draw a figure within another. Inscribed, i7i-skribe*d'y pp. of the verb to i7isc7‘ihe» Inscriber, in-skri'-bery s. One who inscribes. INSCRIPTION. in-skrip'-shu7iy s. Somctliing written or engraved to communicate knowledge to after ages; any character, word, line, or sentence written or en¬ graved on a solid substance for duration. INSCRIPTIVE, in-skrip'‘tivy a. bearing inscription. INSCROL, in-skroWy v.a. To write on a scroll. Inscrutability, in-skrew-ta-hiV-e-tey \ s. The quality of Inscrutableness, / being inscru¬ table. Inscrutable, i7i~skrev/-tA-bl, a. Unsearchable; that cannot be penetrated, discovered, or understood by human reason. Inscrutably, iTi-skreio'-t^-bley ad. In a manner or de¬ gree not to be imderstood. lNscuLP,t fn-skulp'y v.a. To engrave; to carve. iNscuLPTiONj-j- in-sk7.dp'-shu7i, s. Inscription. isscvLPTVREy-f i7i-skulp'~tu7'ej 8. An engraving: sculp¬ ture. See Sculpture. Insculptured, iTi-skulp'-ture'd, a. Engraved. Inseam, in-seTTie'y v.a. To impress or mark wdth a seam or cicatrix. Insearch, J in-serch'y v.a. To make search. Insecable^ in-se'-kd-bly a. That cannot fee divided fey a cutting mstrument; indivisible. Insect, xTi'-sektj s. A small winged or creeping animal; anything small or contemptible.—In zoology, one of tbe third class of articulated animals, with a body composed of three distinct parts-the head, the tho¬ rax, and the abdomen; they have six legs and usually two or four wings attached to the thorax, two anten- 11 ® and a distinct head, and respire by means of spira¬ cles or mmute punctures along the sides of the abdo- Insects undergo what is termed metamorpho¬ sis ; the first of which is that of the larva; the second, pupa,or chrysalis, and the third, the imago, or per- tect insect. The Aptera, or wingless insects, howeve^ issue from the ovum with the form they always pos- — a. Small; mean; contemptible. jNSECTATORjf m-sek-ta'-tur, s. (Lat.) A persecutor. INSECTED, ifV-aek-ted, a. Having the nature of an in¬ sect. Insectile, in-sek'-tily a. Having the nature of insects, s. An insect. IxsECTiON, i7i-sek^-8hun, 8. A cutting in; incisure : in¬ cision. * Insectivora, iTi-sek-tiv'-o^rAy s.pl. (Lat.) A family of vertebrate quadrupeds living on insects, including the shrew, hedgehog, and mole; an order of birds that leed on insects, as the swallows. Insectivorous, m-sek-ti^-o-rus, a. Feeding or sufesdst- ing on insects. In8ectolo©er,J in-sek-toV-o-jeTy s. One who studies in¬ sects ; an entomologist. I Insecure, tn-5tf-Aetcr', a. Not secure : unsafe: iiot-con- I fident of safety; not effectually protected. Insecurely, i7i-$e~kewr'-le, ad. without security. Insecurity, iti-se-kew'-re-te, s. Want of safety, or want of confidence in safety; uncertainty; exposure to de¬ struction or loss. Insecution, i7i-se-kew'-sh7in, 8. Pursuit. Inseminate,+ m-sem'-e-xiatey v.a. To sow ; to impreg- iNSEMiNATiONjt in-sem-e-na'-8hu7iy s. The act of sowing or impregnating. " Insensate, in-i^efi'-iate, a. Destitute of sense, stupid* wanting sensibility. ’ Insensibility, i7i-se7i-se‘hiV-e-te, ) s. State of feeing in- Insbnsibleness, i7i-se)i'-se-bl-7iesy / sensible ; dulnees • sapidity; torpor; want of the power to be moved or affected; absence of tenderness or susceptibility ol emotion and passion. Insensible, m-sen'-se-bly a. Tliat cannot be felt or per¬ ceived ; wanting corporeal sensibility; not susceptible of emotion or passion; in a state of dulness or torpor; imperceptible; imperceivable. ’ Insensibly, i7i-8eti'-8e-ble, ad. Imperceptibly; by slow degrees; gradually. Insentient, in~8en'-she-eyit , a. Not having perception I Inseparability, i7i-sep-ar~fi-bil'-e-te, \ s. The qualitr Inseparablbness, in-8ep'~ar-d-bl-7ie8y} of being in separable, or incapable of difgunction. Inseparable, m-sep'-ar-A-bl, a. That cannot be seoa • rated or digoined; not to be parted. Inseparably, in-sep'-ar-iL-ble, ad. In a manner that prevents separation. iNSEPARATEjt in-8ep'-ar-atey a. Not separate. Inseparately,^: in-sep'-ar-ate-Uy ad. So as not to be separated. Insert m-seri', v.a. To thrust in; to place in or among other thmgs. ** Inserted, hysert'-ed, pp. or a. Set in or among. 1 NSERTiNG, i7i-8ert'-mg , s. Something set in. .INSERTION, in-ser'-shuTi, s. The act of setting or placing m or among other things ; the thing inserted, as the insertion of a paragraph or newspaper advertisement —In pathology, same as Inoculation. Insertions, m-ser'-sMms, s.pl. Narrow slips of lacp or cambric, sold for inlets in dresses, handkerchiefs’ ladies’ fancy Yvork, &c. ’ Inserve, $ in-serv', v.a. To be of use to an end. Inservient, i7i-ser'-ve-e7it, a. Conducive. Insessores, in-ses-so'-res, s.pl. (Lat.) An order of birds that perch; perchei’s. Insessorial, i7i-ses-so'-re-aiy a. Perching; applied to all birds that live habitually among trees. INSEPSUS, m-ses'-su8y s. (Lat.) A hot bath over which the patient sits. Inset, m-seif, v.a. To infix or implant. Inset, m'-sety s. Insertion; something set in. Inseverable, m-sev'-ej’-d-bly a. That cannot be severed. Inshaded, i7i-sha*-dedy a Marked with different shade* Inshell, m-sheVy v.a. To hide in a shell. Inshelter, »n-sfteZ'-fer, v.n. To shelter. Inship, m-ship', v.a. To ship ; to embark. Inshore, i7i-sho7-e', ad. Near the shore. Inshrine, m-shrme'. See Enshrine. Insiccation, in-sik-ka'-sh'U7iy s. The act of drying In. Inside, m'-aide, s. The interior pai't of a thmg, as opposed to outside—In military matters, the Inside g%ia7'd is a guard with the broad-sword, to secure the face and front of the body from a cut made at the inside of the position above the wrist. Insides, m'-sides, s.pl. Passengers in the interior of a vehicle ; perfect papers, from Yvhich the outsides or faulty sheets have been removed. Insidiate, in-sid'-e-ate, v.a. To lie in ambush for. Insidiator, s. One who lies in ambusli. Insidious, m-sid'-e-us, a. Watching an opportunity ensnare; lying in wait; crafty; artful; sly; trea¬ cherous; deceitful. ^ , i-ica Insidiously, m-sid'-e-us-le, ad. With intention to ensnare; deceitfully; treacherously. Insidiousness, in-sid'-e-U8-7ies, s. A watching for an opportimity to ensnare: treachery. Insist, in'-site, s. Sight or view of the interior oi anything; thorough knowledge or skill. INSIGOTA, s.pl. (Lat.) Badges or distin¬ guishing marks of office or honour. iNsioNiricANCB, in-sig-nif'-e-kmise, ) s. Want of sig- iNsiGNiricANOT, in-sig-nif'-e-kan-se, j niflcance ol meaning; unimportance ; meanness. I¥SI&NIFICANT [ 529 ] INSTAL In6iGNirT.CA»T, in-sig-nif'C-kanty a. Void of significa¬ tion ; destitute of meaning; answering no purpose; without weight of character; unimportant; imma¬ terial. — 8. An insignificant thing. iNsioNiricANTLT, in-iig-n%f'-e-kant-le, ad. Without meaning or importance. Insionificativb, in-8ig-mf'-e-kd-tiv,tL. Not expressing by external signs. Insincere, in-8iH~8ere',*a.. Not sincere; characterised by insincerity; not sound nor secure ; dissembling; hypocritical; disingenuous. Insincerely, in-iinser^-le, ad. Without sincerity; hypocriticaiUy. Insincerity^ in-sin-ser'-e-tey s. Want of sincerity; dissimulation; hypocrisy; deceitfulness. Insinbw, in-sin'-Uy v.a. To strengthen; to give vigour to. Insindant,+ hi-sin'~u-anty a. Insinuating; having the power to gain favour. Insindate, in-sin'-u-atey v.a. To introduce anything gently or artfully; to ingratiate, or work one’s self into favouT to intimate ; suggest by remote allu¬ sion ; to instil. — v.u. To wind in ; to enter gently, or imperceptibly; to gain on the affections by gentle or artful means. Insin PATINO, in-sin'-u-a-tingy a. Tending to enter gently ; insensibly winning favour and confidence. Insinuatingly, in-sui'-u-a-ting ley ad. In a way of in¬ sinuation. Insinuation, in-sin-u-a'-shxmy s. The act of insinu¬ ating ; a creeping or winding in ; the act of gaining on favour or affections, by gentle or artful means; a hint. Insinuativb, in-sin'-u-a-tiVy a. Stealing on the affec¬ tions. Insinuator, 8 . One who insinuates or hints. Insipid, in-sip'-id, a. Destitute of taste ; wanting the qualities which affect the organs of taste ; tasteless; wanting spirit, life, or animation ; destitute of pathos, or the power of exciting emotions; dull; spirit¬ less. Insipidity, in-sc-pid'-e-tey ) s. Want of taste, or the Insipidness, in-sif/-id-nesy] power of exciting sensa¬ tion in the tongue ; absence of life or spirit. Insipidly, in-sip'-id-le, ad. Without taste; without spirit or life. Insipience, i7i-sip'-e-e7ise, s. Want of wisdom, or under¬ standing. Insist, vi-sist'^ v n. To persist in; to urge or press earnestly, with on; to dwell on in discourse; tto stand or rest on. Insistent,^ m-sis’-tenty a. Standing or resting on. iNsrsTUREji m-sis'-txire, s. A dwelling or standing on; fixedness. Insitiency, in-sii'-yen-se, 8 . Freedom from thirst. Insition, i7i-sish'-7i7i, 8 . The insertion of a scion in a stock ; ingraftment. In situ, i7i si'-tu. (Lat.) In its original situation or bed ; a teim frequently applied to minerals wlieu found in their original bed or stratum. Insnaue, in-s7iare', v.a. To catch in a snare ; to entrap; to seduce by artifice or deceit; to entangle; to in¬ volve in difficulties or perplexities. Insnarer, iyi-sna'-rer. s. One who insnares. Insobriety, in-so-bri -e-tCy s. Want of sobriety; in¬ temperance. Insociable, tn-so'-s/ie-rt-6Z, a. Not inclined to unite in social converse ; taciturn ; $that cannot be joined or connected. Insociably, in-$o'-she-A-ble, ad. Unsociably. Insolate, m'-so-late, v.a. To dry in the sun’s rays; to ripen or prepare by exposure to the sun. Insolation, m-so-la'-shun, s. The act or process of ex¬ posing to the rays of the sun; a stroke of the sUn, or conp-ae-soleiL Insolence, in'-so-le7ise, s. Pride or haughtiness mani.- fested in contemptuous and overbearing treatment of others; petulance ; impudence, v.a. To treat with haughty contempt. Insolent, m'-so-lenty a. Proud and haughty; insulting and contemptuous; domineering in power; over¬ bearing ; impudent. Insolently, %7i’-so-lent-ley ad. With contemptuous pride ; haughtily; rudely. IxsoLin'.TT in-so-iid'-e-Uy^. Want of solidity; weak¬ ness. Insolubility, in-sol-u-hiV-e-tey s. The quality of not bemg soluble or dissolvable, particularly in a fluid. Insoluble, in-sol'-n-bly a. TThai cannot be dissolved, particularly by a liquid ; not to be solved o-r ex¬ plained. Inso-lvablb, in-8oW-&-hl, a. Not to be cleared of diffi culty or uncertainty; not to be solved or explained, that cannot be paid or discharged. Insolvency, m-sol'-ven-sey s. Inability of a person to pay all his debts, or the state of wanting property sufficient for such payment. Insolvent, in-sot^-ve7ity a. Not having money, goods, or estate sufficient to pay all debts.— lawy a law which liberated or exempted a debtor from im prisonment, or liability thereto ; but this law is now repealed, and merged in the new Bankruptcy Act. — 8. A debtor unable to pay his debts. Insomnious, i7i-so7n'-ne-uSy a. Troubled with dreams , restless in sleep. Insomuch, i7i-so-7nutch' , ad. So that; to that degree. Inspect, xn-spekt', v.a. To look on or into ; to view or oversee for the purpose of examination; to examine for the purpose of aiscovering and correcting errors; to supeiintend. —$ 8. Close examination. Inspected, m-spekt'-edy pp. or a. Viewed with care examined. Inspeci^on, in-spek'-shxm, s. A looking on or into prying examination; close or careful survey; intro¬ spection ; insight; superintendencej official view, official examination, as of arms.--In the army, a general hispection is made annually by the reviewing generals of districts, when the entire economy and dis¬ cipline of the different corps are closely investigated. Inspectivs, ixi-spek'-tivy a. Inspecting. Inspector, in-spek'-tnr, s. One who inspects, views, or oversees ; a superintendent; an officer of the Customs; a military officer whose duty is to inspect the troops and examine their arms. Inspectorate, i7i-$pek'-tur-ate, 1 s. The office of an Inspectorship, in-spek’-txcr-ship, / inspector. lN8PER8ED,t in-spersfy a. Sprinkled on. Inspersion, ixx-sper'-shxi7iy s. The act of sprinkling on. Inspeximus, ixi-spek^-e-mxiSy s. (Lat.) Inlaw, a term applied to letters patent which commence with this word, signifying, we have inspected,” and are con¬ firmatory of some royal grant. Insphere, in-sftre', v.a. To place in an orb or sphere. Inspirablb. m-spi'-rCi-bly a. That may be inspired, or drawn into the lungs ; inhalable. Inspiration, in-spe-ra'-shu7iy s. The act of drawing air Into the lungs; the act of breathing into anything; the supernatural influence of the Spirit of God on the human mind ; the infusion of ideas or poetic spirit by a superior being ; a highly exciting influence. Inspiratory, in-spi'-rA-tur-e, a. Pertaining to or aid¬ ing inspiration, or inhaling air into the lungs. Inspire, inspire', v.n. To draw in breath; to inhale air Into the lungs. — v.a. To breathe into; to infuse into the mind; to infuse or suggest ideas or monitions supematurally to communicate divine instructions to the mind; to draw Into the lungs. Inspired, ixi-spire'd', pp. ora. Breathed in; inhaled- infused; directed by the Holy Spirit. Inspirer, in-spi'-rer, s. He who inspires. Inspiring, m-spi'-ring , a. Infusing spirit or courage animating. Inspirit, v.a. To infuse or excite spirit in; to give new life to; to enliven or encourage. Inspissate, ixi-spW-sate, v.a. To thicken, as fluids ; to bring to greater consistence by evaporating the thinner parts, &c. — a. Thick. Inspissated, inspi^-sa-tedy pp. or a. Thickened, as a liquor. Inspissation, in-spis-sd-shun, s. The act or operation of rendering a fluid substance thicker by evapora¬ tion, &c. Instability, xn-sta-bil'-e-tey\s. Want of stability, or rN8TA.BLENBS8, insta'hl-nes, j firmness in purpose mutability of opinion or conduct; liability to change inconstancy; fickleness. Instable, in-sta'bly a. Inconstant; mutable; not steady or fixed; changeable. Instal, in-stawl', v.a. To set or instate in an office; to invest with any charge, office, or rank, with the e-US' tomary ceremonies. INSTALLATION [ 630 3 INSI3FFEEABLB IsstaXlation, xn-stal-la'-shun, 8. Tlie act of giving pos- scHMon of an office, rank, or order, witk the customary ceremonies. Installed, in-stawW, pp. of the verb to mstal. In'btalmej^t, in-statoV-moiity s. The act of installing, or giving i^)bse8sion of an office.—In commerce^ a te^ applied to the parts of a large sum of money, payable at different periods. Instance, M-stanse, s. Urgency; pressing solicitation ; importunity ; example; a case occu^ing; time; occa¬ sion : occurrence; ± process of a suit. — v.n. To give or oner an example or case. — V a. To mention as an example or case. Instant, in'-stayit, a. Pressing ; urgent; ; making no delay; present; current, as on the 10th ■ instant. , , — 8. A point in duration; a moment; a particular time. ... . , Instantaneitt, in stan-ta^ne'^e-te, 8. Unpremeditated production. Instantaneous, a. Done in an in¬ stant , very speedy. Instantaneously, in-sian-ta'-ne-us-le, ad. In an in¬ stant , in a moment. Instantaneous^^ ess, in-sian-ia'-ne-us-neSf 8. The quality of being done in an instant. Instanter, in~etan'-ier, ad. (Dat.) At the present time, without delay. Instantly, ie, ad. Immediately; without any intervening time; instantaneously; with diligence and earnestness. Instak, in-star', v.a. To set or adorn with stars, or with hriJLiaiits. ^ , Instate, in-staU, v.a. To set or place; to establish, as in a rank or condition ; to invest. Instaurate, v.a. To reform ; to repair. Instauration, in-8taio-ra'-6hun, 8. Renewal; repair; re-establishment; the restoration of a thing. Instadrator, in-itaw-ra'-txir, 8. One who renews or restores to a former condition. Instead, in-sted', ad. In the place or room of. Insteep. in-steep', v.a. To Steep or soak; to drench; to macerate in moisture. . Instbllon, in-stel' Inn, s. The region of stars, or that space beyond the solar system. Instep , iti^-step, s. The fore-part of the upper side of the fool, near its junction with the leg.—The instep of a horse is that part of the hind leg which reaches from the ham to the pastem-joint. Instigate, m’-sie-gate, v.a. To set on; to move by some incentive, as to an act of wickedness ; to stimu¬ late, incite, or animate. Instioatinqly, in-ite-ga'-ting-le, ad. In the way of instigation. Instigation, in-ste-ga^-shnn,8. Incitement; the act of encouraging to commit crime; impulse to evil. Instigator, xn~ste-ga'-tur, s. One who Incites another to an evil act; a tempter; that which moves persons to commit wickedness. Instil, instil', v.a. To infuse slowly, or bv small quantities. Instillation, instil-lafshnn, 8. The act of infusing by small quantities; the process of infusing slowly mto the mind , that which is instilled or infused. Instilled, instild', pp. of the verb to instil, Instiller, in-siil'-ler, s. He who instils. Instilment . instil'-ment, s. The act of instilling ; any¬ thing instilled. Instimulate4 instim'-u-late, v.a. To stimulate; to excite. Instim I’LATioN, instim-u-la'-shun, s. The act of stimu¬ lating, inciting, or urging forward. Instinct, in'stxngkt, s A natural impulse in animals, by which they are impelled to do what is necessary for existence, independently of instruction and ex¬ perience, and thus preserve the individual, or the continuation of its species. — a. Animated ; moved ; excited. In8tincted,+ in-stingkif-ed, a. Impressed, as an ani¬ mating power. Instinction 8. Instinct. Instinctive, instingW-tiv, a. Prompted by instinct; spontaneous acting without instrucUon or experience; determined by natural impulse. Instingtivelt, in-stingk'-txv-lBf ad. By force or in¬ stinct , by natural impulse. Instipulatb, instxp'-u-latef a ‘Without stipules or stalks. iNSTiTOR, 8. (Sp.) A factor or agent. Institute, ifi'-ste-tute, v.a. To establish ; to appoint to enact; to form and prescribe, aa a law; to found ^ to educate ; to instruct ; to commence ; to set in ope¬ ration ; to invest with the spiritual part of a benefice. — s. Established law; settled order ; precept; maxim; principle ; a book of elements or principles ; a book of tlie old Roman law —In Scots law, when a number of persons in succession bold an estate in tail, the first is called the institute, the others substitutes.—A. Uterary and philosophical society. Instituted, in'-ste-tn-ted, pp. of the verb to xnsMute. Institution, iu-ste-tu'-shun, s. The net of establishing; an establishment; an organized society established for promoting any object, public or social; education; instruction ; the act or ceremony of investing ^ clergyman with the spiritual part of a benefice. Institutional, in-ste-tu'-shnn-al, a. Enjoined; insti¬ tuted by authority; elementary. Institutionary, in-ste-tu'-shun-fi-re, a. Elemental; containing the first principles or doctrines. Institutist, in'-ste-tu-tist, 8. A writer of institutes or elementary rules and instructions. Institutive, in'-ste-tu-tiv, a. That establishes; having power to establish; established ; depending on insti¬ tution. __ Institutor, in'-ste-tn-tuT, s. (Eat.) The person who establishes, or who enacts laws, rites, and ceremo¬ nies ; the person who founds an order, sect, society, or scheme ; an instructor.—In the Episcopal Church, a presbyter appointed by the bishop to institute a clergyman in a parish. lN8TOP,-t instop', v.a. To stop; to close ; to make fest. Instratified, in-strat'-e-Jide, a. Stratified within something else. Instruct, mstrukt', v.a. To impart knowledge to one who is destitute of it; to teach or educate ; to in¬ doctrinate ; to furnish with advice or counsel; to give directions to, as a representative or envoy. Instructiblb.iJ instrukf-te-bl, a. Able to instruct. Instruction, in-struk'-shun, s. _Tlie art of teaching Off informing the understanding in that of which it was before ignorant; information; precepts conveying knowledge ; education ; advice Instructive, m-strukf-tiv, a. Conveying knowledge; serving to instruct or inform. Instructively, in-stiruk'-tiv-le, ad. So as to afford in¬ struction. , Instructivensss, in-struk'-tiv-neSf s. Power of in¬ structing. Instructor, xn-strukf-tur, 8. A teacher ; a person who imparts knowledge to another by precept or informa¬ tion. , , . Instructress, t)i-struk'-tres,8s A female who instructs, a preceptress. ^ , , , , . . Instrument, in'-stru-ment, 8. A tool; that by which mechanical work is performed or anything effected; a musical machine ; a pianoforte ; a person who vi employed by another for some special purpose.—In law, a writing containing the terms of a contiact, as a deed of conveyance. , Instrumental, xnstru-men'-tal, a. Conducive, as an instrument or means, to some end; contrihutog aid, pertaining to music arising from instimments, as xn- strumeyital music. Instrumentality, instru-men-taV-e-te, ) s. Subor- iNSTRUMENTAXNEsSji* in-stru-nien'-tal-ues, f dinate or auxiliary agency ; usefulness, as means to an end. Instrumentally, in-stru-nien'-tal-le, ad. By means or in the nature of an instrument, as means to an end; with instruments of music. Instyle,^; in-stile', v.a. To call; to denominate. Insuavity, in-swav'-e-te, s. Unplea-santness. Insubjbction, xn-sub-Jef^shwi, s. State of disobedience to government. . . Insubmission, xn~8ub-niish'-un,8. Defect of submissiour disobedience. Insubordinate, xn-sub-awr'-de-natty ft. Not submitting to authority. Insubordination, tnsub-awr-de-na'-shun, s. Want 01 subordination ; disobedience to lawful authority. Insubstantial, insubstan'shal, a. Unsubstantial; not real. Insuccation, in-suk-ka'-shun, s. The act of soaking or moistening ; maceration ; solution in the juice of herbs. Insufferable, in-stif'-fer-&-bl, a. Intolerable ; insup portable; that cannot be endured; detestable. INSUFPEEABLT [ B31 ] IITTELLECTUAL IsfatryFMaABLT, in-suf^-fer-^ble, ad. To a degree l>eyond endurance. IN 8 UJFIC 1 ENCY, %n-8uf-_fish'-en-scy 8. Inadequateness; want of sufficiency ; incompetency ; incapacity. iNsuppiciBNT, in-su/-Jish'-entf a. Not adequate to any need, use, or purpose; wanting in strength, power, ability, or skill; inadequate ; unfit; incapable. Insufficiently, in-suf-fish'-ent-le, ad. ‘With want of proper ability or skill; inadequately. Insufflation, 8. The act of breathing , on , the act of blowing something into another. Insuitablb,-^ a. Unsuitable. iNSULAn, in'-8u-lar, ) a. Belonging to an isle ; sur- Insuiart, m'-su-lct~rejl rounded by water. Insular, in -su-lar, s. One who dwells in an isle. iNsuLAniTT, in-su-lar'-e-te, s. The state of being in¬ sular. InsularlT;^ \n'-sii~lar-le, ad. In an insulated ma.nner. Insulate, in'-su-late, v.a. To place in a detached situ¬ ation ; to cut off from communication ; tto make an island.—In architecture, to set up a column alone, or not contiguous to a wall.—In electrical experiments, to place a non-conducting substance in a position so as not to communicate with the earth, and thus prevent the electric fluid from escaping. Insulated, m'-su-la-ted, pp. or a. Standing by itself; not being contiguous to other bodies; a terra fre- I quently used in architecture and electricity. See Insu¬ late. Insulation, m-su-la'-sJmn, s. The act of insulating; state of being insulated; that which interrupts the corau;unication of electricity to adjacent bodies, and prevents the electric fluid from escaping. Insulator, in'-su-la-tur, s. The substance or body that insulates, or Interrupts the conimunication of electricity to surrounding objects ; a non-conductor. Tnsulous, in’-8u-lus, a. Abounding in isles. InsulsBjJ in-sulse', a. Dull ; insipid. Insulsity,^: in-sul'-se-te, s. Stupidity. Insult, in'-suit, s. Any gross aouse offered to another, either by words or actions ; affront; indignity. Insult, tu-sw/^', v.a. To treat with gross abuse, inso¬ lence, or contempt. • - v.n. To behave with insolent triumph. Insultation, tn-sul-ta-shun, s. Act of insulting; abusive treatment. Insulter, in-sul'-ter, s. One who insults. Insulting, in-sult'-mg, ppr. or a. Expressing insolence or contempt. Insultingly, iii-sul’-ting-le, ad. "With insolent con¬ tempt. InsultmentjJ in-suW-ment, s. The act of insulting. lN8UME,t in-seiom', v.a. To take in. Insuperability, in-sew-per-a-bil'-e-te, 1 8. The quality Insuperablenbss, in-sew'-per-A-bl-nes,} of being in¬ superable or insurmountable. Insuperable, in-seio'-per-h-bl, a. That cannot be over¬ come or surmounted ; insurmountable ; invincible. Insuperably, in-seio’-per-a-ble, ad. In a manner or degree not to be overcome. Insupportable, in-sup-port^-h-bl, a. That cannot be supported or borne ; insufferable ; intolerable. Insupportableness, in-sup-porW-d-bl-nes, s. The quality of being insupportable. Insupportably, in-sup-porte'-a-ble, ad. In a manner or degree that cannot be supported or endured. Insuppressiblb, in-sup-pres'-se-bl, a. Not to be sup¬ pressed. Insuppressiblt, hi-sup-pres'-se-ble, ad. Bo as not to be suppressed. Insuppressive, in-sup-pres'-siv, a. Not to be sup¬ pressed. Insurable, iji-shu’-rh-hl, a. That may be insured against loss or damage ; proper to be insured. Insurance, in-shu'-ranse, s. The act of insuring against loss or damage ; a contract by which one engages, for a stipulated premium, to make up a loss which another may sustain; the instrument by which the insurance is effected is called a policy of insurance. ^Insurance Companies are those companies or corpo¬ rations whose business is to insure against loss or damage.— Insurance broker is an intermediate agent between the marine insurance officers and the insurers, who effect policies upon ships, cargo, &c. lNsuRANCER,t iu-shu’-ran-ser, s. An underwriter. Insure, in-shure^, v.a. To make sure or secure ; to con¬ tract or. covenant for a consideration to secure a person a^inst loss. Insure, v.n. To underwrite; to practise making insure ance. Insured, in-shure’d', pp. or a. Made sure ; ass^tted, secured against loss. Insurer, in-shu'-rer, s. One who insures; an it der- writer. Insurgent, in-sur'-jent, a. Rising in opposition to lawful, civil, or political authority. — 8. A person wlxo rises in opposition to civil or political authority; one who openly and actively resists the execution of laws.—The insurgent opposes the execution of particular laws, but the rebel at¬ tempts to overthrow or change the government of a state. Insurmountable, in-sur-moicnt'-d-hl, a. That cannot be surmounted or overcome; insuperable. Insurmountably, in-sur-mownf-d-ble, ad. In a man¬ ner or degree not to be overcome. Insurrection, in-sur-rehf-shun, s. A hostile rising against civil or political authority; a seditious or rebellious movement; -ta rising m mass to oppose an enemy. Insurrectional, in-sur-reJ^-shun-al, I a. Pertain- Insurrectionary, in-sur-rek’-shun-d-re,\ ing to or consisting in insurrection. Insurrectionist, in-sur-rek'-shun-ist, s. One who favours insuiTection. Insusceptibility, in-sus-sep-te-biV-e-te, s. Want of susceptibility or capacity to feel or perceive. Insusceptible, in-sus-sep'-te-bl, a. Not susceptible; not capable of being moved, affected, or impressed. ^ Insusubration, in-su-sur-ra'-shun, s. The act of whis¬ pering into soraetliing. Intact, in-takt’, a. Untouched. Intactablb, in-tak'-td-bl, a. Not perceptible to the touch. Intaoliated, in-taV-ya-ted, a. Engraved or stamped on. Intaglio, in-taV-yo, s. (Ital.) AnyT> ng engraved ; a precious stone with a head or an inscription cut in or hollowed out, so that an impression taken from it would present the appearance of a bas-relief It is the reverse of a cameo. Intangibility, xn tan-je-biV-e-teAs, The quali^ of Intangibleness, in-tan'-je-bl-nes,] Deing intangible. Intangible, in-tan’-je-bl, a. That cannot or may not be touched ; not perceptible to the touch. Intangibly, in-tan'-je-ble, ad- So as to be intangible. Intastable, in-taysf-A-bl, a. That cannot be tasted; that cannot affect the organs of taste. Integer, in'-te-jer, s. (Lat. The whole of anything.— In arithmetic, a whole number, in contradistinction to a fraction. Integral, in'-te-gral, a. Whole: entire, not frac¬ tional; uninjured; complete; not defective.-—Iniepra calculus. See Calculus. — 8. A whole ; an entire thing. Integrality, j: in-te-graV-e-te, s. Entireness. Integrally, in’-te-gral-le, ad. Wholly ; completely. Integrant, in'-te grant, a. Making part of a whole; necessary to constitute an entire tiling.— Integrant parts ai’e the small particles or molecules of which any body or substance is composed. Integrate, in'-te-grate, v.a. To renew ; to restore; to make a thing entire. Integration, in-te-gra’-shun, s. The act of making entire. Integrity, in-teg'-r e-te, 8. Wholeness; entireness, unbroken state ; moral soundness or purity; upright¬ ness ; honesty. Integumation, in-teg-u-ma'-shun, s. That part of phy¬ siology which treats of the integuments of animals and plants. Integument, in-teg'-u-ment, s. That which naturally invests or covers another thing, as the skin covers the body. Integumentary, in-teg-u-men'-t&-re, a. Belonging to or composed of integuments. Intellect, in'-tel-lekt, s. That faculty of the mind which receives or comprehends the ideas communi¬ cated to it by the senses; the faculty of thinking; the understanding. Intellection, in-tel-lek’-shun, s. The act of under¬ standing ; simple apprehension of ideas. . Intellective, in-tel-lekf-tiv, a. Having power to un¬ derstand ; produced by the understanding. Intellectual, in-tel-iektf-yu-al, a. Relating to the ' intellect or understanding; mental; ideal; ei^ting in or relating to the understanding. j INTELLECTUAL C 532 ] INTERCEPTED In iiiLUiCTUAt,+ 8. The intellect or understanding. Intellectualist, in iel-lekV-yu-aUiit, s. One who oyerrates the understanding. Ihtellectcalitt, in-tel'lekt-yu^aV-e-tey s. The state of intelleetual power. Intellect cally, in-teUlekf-yu-al-le, ad. By means of the understanding. Intelligence, in-tel'-le-jensey 8. Intellectual capaci^, skill, or knowledge ; understanding; notification; in¬ formation communicated ; news-; a spiritual being.— Intelligence office is an office or place where informa¬ tion may be obtained, especially respecting places of employment. Intelligencer, in-tel'-le~jen-sery s. One who sends or conveys intelligence: a messenger; a newspaper. Intblligencinq, in-tel-le-jens-ingy ppr. or a. Giving or conveying notice to from a distance. Intelligent, in-tel'-le-jent, a. Endowed with the faculty of understanding or reason; knowing; under¬ standing; well informed; skilled; giving informa¬ tion. \ntellioential, in-tel‘le-jen'-shalj a. Intellectual; exercising the powers of mind. intelligently, in-teU-le-jent-ley ad. In an intelligent manner. Intelligibility, in-tel-le-je-biV-e~te, ) s. The quality Intelliqibleness, I or state of being intelligible. Intelligible, in-teV-le-je-bly a. That may be under¬ stood or comprehended; comprehensible ; plain. Intelligibly, in-tel'-le-je-bley ad. In a maimer to be understood; clearly. Intemerate4 in-tem'-er-ate, a. Pure; undcfiled. Intemerateness,^: in-tem'-er-ate-7iesy s. State of being unpolluted. Intbmperament, in-temf-per-ii'inenty s. A bad state or constitution. Intemperance^ in-tevn'-per-anse, s. "Want of moderation or due restraint; excess in any kind of action or in¬ dulgence ; habitual indulgence in drinking spirituous liquors. Intemperate, in-tem'-per-ate, a. Not restrained within due limits; indulging to excess any appetite or pas¬ sion ; addicted to exce^ive use of spirituous liquors; passionate; excessive.* —J v.a. To disorder. Intbmperately, in-tem'-per-ate-Uy ad. "With excessive Indulgence of appetite or passion ; immoderately. Intemperateness, %n-tenV-per-aie-7ie8y s. Want of' moderation; excessive degree of indulgence; excess in atmospheric temperature. Intemperature, i7i‘ie7n'‘per-a-ture. s. Excess of some quality. Intempe8tive,$ in-tem-pesf-tiVy a. Untimely. iNTEMPESTivELYji: in~tem-pe^-tiv~le,SL6.. Unseasonably. Intempe8tivit7,$ in-iew-p«s-fiV-e-/c, 8. Untimcliness. Inten4ble,+ vi-ten'-a-bly'id,. That cannot hold, or be Intenible4 in-ten'-e-bly j maintained; untenable; in¬ defensible. Intend, in-tend', v.a. To mean; to design; to purpose; t to stretch ; to strain ; to extend ; to enforce; to make intense; $ to fix the mind on; to attend; to take care of. Intendancy, in-ten'-dansey s. The office or employ¬ ment of an intendant, or the distidct committed to his charge. Intendant, in-ten'-danty s. (Er.) One who has the charge or management of some public business. Intended, in-ten’-ded, pp. of the verb to intend, Intendedly, in-ten'-aed-ley ad. With intention or pur¬ pose ; by design. Intendbr, in-t&i\'-dety s. One who intends. IntendimentjJ in-ten-de-menty s. Attention; under¬ standing. Intendment, xn-t&nd'-menty s. Intention; design.—In lawy understanding; or the true meaning of any legal instrument. Inteneratb,+ in-ten'-er-ate, v.a. To make tender; to soften. iNTENERATioNjt xn-ten-ev-a'shuny s. The act of making soft or tender; the state of being made tender. Intensatb, in-ten'satey v.a. To make intense, or more intense. Intense, in-tense', a. Strained; stretched ; raised to a high degree; vehement; very severe or keen; ar¬ dent ; kept on the stretch; anxiously attentive. Intensely, m-tense'-le, ad. To an extreme degree; at¬ tentively ; earnestly. Intensenbss, in-tefise'sxes, s. The state of beingstrained or stretched; violence; extreme closeness to business or study; excess. Intensify, xn-ten'-se-Jl, v.a. To make more intense. Intension, in-ten'-shun,^.'*K straining, stretching, or bending; increase of power or energy. Intensity, 8. See Intenseness. Intensive, in-ten'-siv, a. Stretched, or admitting of extension j intent; assiduous; serving to give force or emphasis. Intensively, ad. By increase of degree in a manner to give force. Intent, a. Having the mind strained or bent on an object; fixed closely; sedulously applied; anx¬ iously diligent. — 8. Stretching of the mind toward an object; the thing aimed at or designed.—Jo all intents, in ail senses; whatever may be determined on. Intention, in-teii'-shuny s. Design; purpose; end or aim ; a stretching or bending of the mind toward an object; uncommon exertion of the intellectual facul¬ ties ; closeness of application; fixedness of attention; eaniestness; the state of being strained. Intentional, xn-ten'shun-al, a. Intended; done with design. Intentionally, xn-te7i'-shun-al-le, ad. By design; of purpose. Intentioned, iyi-te7i'-shund, a. Often used in compo¬ sition j as, well-intentioned, having good designs; ill- inte7itxonedy having ill designs. Intentivb,4- i7x-te7i'-tiVy a. Attentive; having the mind closely applied. Intentively, vi-ten'-tiv-le,ad. Closely; with close ap¬ plication. Intentivenbbs, i7i-te7i'-tiv-7xe8, s. Closeness of attention. Intently, ixi-tent'-le, ad. With close attention or ap¬ plication ; with earnestness ; fixedly; stedf^tly ; earnestly. Intentness, 8. The state of being intent; close application ; constant employment of the mind. Inter, in-ter. A Latin prep., signifying among or be- tweexi i used as a prefix to numerous words, a portion only of which can be here inserted^ and those of the most Ireful occurrence in conversation or writing. Inter, m-ter', y.a. To bury; to deposit and cover in the earth. Interact, ixi'-ter-akt, s. Intermediate employment or time; a short piece between others. Interaction, m-ter-ak'-shxm, s. Intermediate action. Interagent, xn-ter-a'-jerit, s. An intermediate agent. INTERAMNlAJ^, in-ter-am'-7ie-a7x, a. Situated between rivers. Interanimate,+ xn-ter-an'-e-mate, v.a. To animate mutually. Interarticdlar, in-ter-ar-tik'-u-larya. Being between the joints or articulations. Interaxal, in-ter-ak'-sal, a. Situated in the interaxis. Intbraxillart, i7i’ter-ak'-sxl-ld-re,a. In botany, situ¬ ated within the axils of leaves. Interaxis, in-ter-ak^-sis, s. In architectureyHiQ space between the columnar erections, in the centi’es Oi which are placed doors, windows, niches, &c. Interbastation4 in-ter-bas-ta'shun, s. (Span.) Patch- work. Intercalar, in-ter'-kd-lary ] a. Inserted or intro- Intercalary, in-fcr'-A:d-Zfl-r6, / duced in the midst of others; applied especially to time; as, an intercalary day. Intercalate, ixi-ter'-kd-late, v.a. To insert au extraor¬ dinary day or other portion of time. Intercalated, in-ter'sd-la-ted, pp. or a. Inserted, Intercalation, in-ter-kd'la'-8hu7i, s. The insertion of an extraordinary day or other portion of time in the calendar. Intercede, in-ter-sede', v.n. To mediate; to interpose to make intercession; to plead in favour of one, Intercedbnt, xn-terse'-detit, a. Passing between; mediating. Interceder, xn-ter-se^-def y s. One who intercedes or interposes between parties to effect a reconciliation; a mediator. Intercellular, m-ter-sel'-lu-lary a. Lying between the cells or elementary bladders, as of plants. Intercept, in-ter-sepf, v.a. To take or sei 2 ,e on by the way ; to stop on its passage; to obstruct; to cut off or interrupt communication with. Intercepted, vx-ter-sep'-ted, pp. or a. Taken on the way; seized in progress. INTEEOEPTER [ 533 ] INTEEJOIU IWTERCEPTEa, in-teT-sep'-ter. 8. One wlio intercepts. InTBacEPTioN, in-ter-sep'^shun, 8. The act of seizing Bomethin^ on its passage; a stopping; obstruction; hindrance. Iktbecession, in-ter-sesh'-utif s. The act of Inter¬ ceding; mediation; interposition between parties at i variance, with a view to reconciliation; prayer or i solicitation. Ikteecession AL, in-tersesh'-un-olf sl. Cont ainin g inter¬ cession or entreaty. Intercessor, in-ter-ses'-sur, 8. (Lat.) A mediator; one who interposes between parties at variance, with a view t(* reconcile them. Intercessorial, in-ter-se8-ster. iNTBRCiDENGE, in-tev^-ee-denecy s. Incident; a casual occurrence. Intercidbnt, in-ter^-ee-denty a. Palling or co min g between; incidental. Intercident, in-ter-ei'-dentyZ., Cutting asunder; sepa¬ rating ; cutting into. . . . Intercipient, in-ter-sip'-e-enty a. Intercepting; seizing by the way ; stopping. — B. He or that which intercepts or stops on the passage. lNTERcisioN,-t in-ter-sizh'-un, 8. Interruption. Intercldde, in-ter-kletod', v.a. To shut from a place or course ; to intercept; to cut off; to intemipt. Interclusion, in-ter-lilew'-zhuny s. Interception; a stopping. Intercolumniation, in-ter-ko-lum-ne-a'-shun, s. In architecture, the clear space between two columns of a portico. Xntercome,$ in'-ter-kumy v.n. To interfere or inter¬ pose. Intercommon, in-ter-kom'-mon, v.n. To feed at the same table ; to graze cattle in a common pasture. Intercommon AOE, in-ter-kom'-mou-c^e, s. Mutual com¬ monage. Intercommoning, in-ter-kom'-mon-ing, s. In laxoy a term applied to the using of a common pasture, or to the feeding of cattle promiscuously on two adjacent manors. , , ,, 4 NTERC 0 MMirNiCABLE, in-ter-kom-meu) -ne-ka-bl, a. That may ^ mutually communicated Intercommunicate, in-ter-kom-rnew'-ne-kate, v.n. To hold mutual communication. Intercommunication, in-ter-ko 7 n-tnew-ne-ka'~shun, s. Reciprocal communication. Intercommunion, in-tcr-kom-mewne'-guny s. Mutual communion. Intercommunity, in-ter-kom-mew'-ne-tey 8. A mutual communication or community. Intercostal, in-ter-kos^-taly a. Lying between the ribs. — s. A part lying between the ribs- Intbrcourse, in'-ter-koarse, s. Connexion by reciprocal dealings between persons or nations; silent commu¬ nication ; communion ; fellowship. Intercur4: in-ter-kur*, v.n. To intervene ; to come in tte meantime. Intebcurrence, tn-<«r-A:ur'-rens«, 8. A passing or run¬ ning between. Xntbrcurrbnt, in-ter-kur'-renty a. Running between or among; occurring; intervexing Intercutaneous, in-ter-ku-t having an invo- Involucred, in-vo-letv'-kredy ) lucre, as umbels. Involucre, in-vo-levy-kr. Is. In botany, a calyx Involucrum, in-vo-leio'-krum,] generally mclosing those aggregates of flowers constiliiting umbels. Involucret, in-vo-Lew'-kret, s. An involucel. Involuntarily, in-vol'-un-td-re-le, ad. Not by choice; not spontaneously ; against one’s will. Involcntariness, in-vor-tm-td-re-7ies, s.^ Want Ol choice or will; independence on the will. Involuntary, in-vo/'-un-td-re, a. Not having will 01 choice ; not done willingly. Invoh:te, s. A curve traced by the end of a string wound upon another curve. Involute, in'-vo-leiot, la. In rolled spirally Involuted, in'^vo-letci-edt } inward.— In conchoiogy, a INVOLUTION [ 640 ] lEON term used when the exterior Up is turned inward at the margin. Ihtolution, %n~vo~leti/‘ih\iny s. The action of involving or infolding; the state of being entangled or involved; complication.—In grammar^ the insertion of one or more clanses or members of a sentence in a way which involves the construction.—In arithmetic and algebra^ the raising of a quantity to any power as¬ signed. Involve, tn-voit/, v.a. To envelope or cover with sur¬ rounding matter ; to envelope in anything which exists on aU sides; to draw in ; to catch ; to conjoin ; to entangle ; to enwrap ; to complicate ; to mingle con¬ fusedly.—In arithmetic and algebray to raise a quan¬ tity to any assigned power. Involved, %n~volvd'y pp. or a. Enveloped; entangled; raised to a power. Ihvolvekent, i7i-voW-rnentf 8. Act of involving; state of being involved. Invulnera-bilitv, in-vul-ner-&-bil'-e-tey 1 s. The qua- Invuln»rablenbs3, in-vuV-ner-d-bl-neSyi lity of being invulnerable. Invulnerable, in-vuV-ner-6-bl, a. That cannot be wounded; incapable of receiving inju^. Inwall, in-toaul', v.a. To inclose or fortify with a wall. Inward, in'~ieara, a. Internal; placed or being within; intimate; domestic; familiar; seated in the mind or soul. - ad. Toward the centre or interior j into the mind or thoughts. Inwardly, «n'-M7ard-Ze, ad. In the inner parts; inter¬ nally ; privately; secretly. Inwardness, in'-ward-nes, 8. Intimacy; familiarity; internal state. Inwari^, in'-wards, s.pl. The inner parts of an animal; ^ the viscera. Inweave, in-toeet/, v.a.; pret. Inwove ; pp. Inwoven, Inwove. To weave together; to intermix or inter¬ twine by weaving. Inwhbel, xn-hioeel'y v.a. To encircle. Inwit, it in'~wity s. Mind; understanding. Inwood, in-wood', v.a. To hide in woods. Inworr, in-wxwk'y v.n. To work within. Inworkino, in-wurk'-ingy s. Internal operatiem ; energy within. Inwove, in-wove'y 1 pp. Woven in ; intertwined by Inwoven, in-wov'iiy j weaving. See Inweave. Inwrap, in-rap'y v.a. To involve ; to infold; to cover by wrapping; to involve in difficulty or perplexity; to perplex; Jto ravish or transport. Inwreathb, in-reethefy v.a. To surround or encompass as with a wreath. Inwrought, in-rawt'y pp. or a. Wrought or worked in or among other things. lODAL, i'-o-daly 8. An oleaginous liquid obtained from the action of alcohol and nitric acid on iodine. loDATB, i'-o-date, s. A compound of iodic acid with a base. Iodic, i-Oif-ik^ a. Of the nature of iodine.—Joiitc acid consists of iodine, oxygenized to the highest point; and iodous acid is a compound of iodine and oxygen, containing less of the latter than iodic acid. Iodide, i'-o-did,^. A non-acid compound of iodine with a metal or other substance.— Iodide of potassium is a medicinal preparation for scrofulous diseases. aodine, i'-o-ainey s. A peculiar substance obtained from certain sea-weeds or marine plants. Its vapour is of a splendid violet colour. .kODORET, i-od'-u-ret, s. A compound of iodine and a base; an iodide. loLiTE, i'-o-lite, 8. A. mineral of a glassy appearance, which in one direction presents a blue or violet-blue colour, and at right angles with this, a yellowish-grey or brownish colour. It consists of silica, alumina, and magnesia, with some oxide of iron. Ion, I'-on, s. A name given to the elements which ap¬ pear at the respective poles, when a body is subjected to electro-chemical decomposition. loNE, 8. A genus of Crustaceans, of the order Amphipoda. Ionic, t-on'-ifr, a. Pertaining to Ionia, in Greece.—In architecture, the loyiic order is that species of column whose distinguishing feature is the ram’s-hom volute of its capital; it is more slender than the Doric.—The Ionic dialect of the Greek language was the dialect used in Ionia.—The Ionic sect of philosophers was that founded by Thales of Miletus, in Ionia. Iota, i-o' s. The name of the Greek letter t, which. being the smallest in me alphabet, is i^ed to denote a jot or tittle, or anything very small. loTACisMus, t-o-ia-sts'-mMS, 8. A defect in the organs of speech, from which a difficulty exists in pronouncing the lettejs. I.O.U. An acknowledgment for money or goods lent. Ipecacuanha, ip-e-kakf-u-aii-nd, s. A i/itter root pro¬ duced In South America, much used as an emetic. Ips, ips, 8. A genus of Coleopterous insects, of the family Silphidce. Ir. a prefix for in or un, generally signifying nega¬ tion or privation, and adopted for the sake of euphony before words beginning with the letter r. Irascibility, i-ras-se-bif-e-tCy 1 8. The quality of being Irascibleness, i-ras'-se-bl-nes ,) ii-ascible, or easily in¬ flamed by anger ; irritability of temper. Irascible, i-ras'-se-bl, a. Very susceptible of anger; easily provoked or inflamed with resentment; irri¬ table. Irascibly, i-ra^-se-hle, ad. In an irascible manner. Ire, ire, s. Anger; wrath; keen resentment. Ireful, ir^-ful, a. Angry; wroth ; furious with anger. Irefully, ire'-ful-le, ad. lu an angry manner. Irenarch, i'-re-ndrk, s. An officer formerly employed in the Greek empire, to preserve the public tran¬ quillity. Irenical, i-ren'-e-kal, a. Pacific; desirous of peace. Iridescence, ir-e-des'-sefise, s. Exhibition of colours like those of the rainbow. Iridescent, ir-e-des'-sefit, a. Having colours like the rainbow. Iridium, i-rid'-e-um, s. A very heavy metal of a whitish colour, found associated with platinum, and named from its variety of colours. Iris, i'-ris, s.; pi. Irises. The rainbow; an appear¬ ance resembling the rainbow ; the coloured circle which surrounds the pupil of the eye; the fleur-de- lis, or flag-flower, a genus of many species. Irisated, I'-re-sa-tedy a. Exhibiting the prismatic colours; resembling the rainbow. Irisbd, i'-risdy a. Having colours like those of the rainbow. Irish, i'-rish, a. Pertaining to Ireland.—JrtsA-tvy, a variety of the Hedera Canariensis, a native of the Canary Islands.— Irish-moss is a marine plant brought from Ireland, and obtained from the Chondrus ci-is- being of an emolUent and demulcent property, it is used medicinally, and for various economic pur- poses.-«-/risA-siei4? is a sort of hash, consisting of pota- TOCS and meat boiled together. — s. A native of Ireland; the language of the Irish; the Hibemo-Celtic. Irishism, i'-rish-izm, 8. A mode of speaking peculiar to the Irish. Irishry, i'-rish-re, s. The people of Ireland. Iritis, i-ri'-tis, s. Inflammation of the iris of the eye. Irk, irky v.a. To weary; to give pain to. [Used im¬ personally ; as, it irketh me.] Irksome, irk'-sx^m, a. Giving uneasiness; producing weariness; wearisome; tedious; troublesome ; vexa¬ tious. Irksomely, tr&'-SMw-lc, ad. In a wearisome or tedious manner. Irksomeness, irkf-sum-nes, s. Tediousness. Irlanda, ir-lan'-ddy s. (Span.) Fine Irish linen. Iron, i'-urn, s. The hardest, the most common, and most useful of all the metals ; of a livid whitish colour, inclined to grey. Its texture is either fibrous, fine-grained, or in dense plates ; and its specific gra¬ vity varies from 7’6 to 7'8. It is extremely ductile, and dilatable by heat. Iroji has a variety of useful compounds; as— Iron- bound or encircled with iron; rocky.-Iran clad, clad m iron.— Iroji-clay, a substance intermediate between basalt and wacke, of a reddish-brown colour. -Iron-crown, a golden crown set with jewels, belong¬ ing originally to tbe Lombard kings, and indicating the dominion of It'tly.-Irofi-filings, fine particles of iron made by filing or rasping.—Iron-flint, an opaque ferruginous variety of quartz.—//•on-/ounrfer, one who makes iron casting.s.— tron-foundery, or Iron-foujidry, the place where iron castings are ma&e.—Iron-framed, having an iron or firm frame.— Iron-glance, a peroxide of iron, of a dark, steel-grey coXoai.—Iron-handed, having hands hard as iron. — Iron-hearted, hard hearted ; unfeoUng ; craei.—Iron-heater, the piece of meta.1 which is heated in the fire for a laundress’s box-iron. — Iroi-holdcr, a stand for a laundress’s lEON [ 641 ] lEEELiaiONIST emoothing-iron.—iro7»-/t5Mor, acetate of Iron, used as a mordant by dyers, &c.— Iron-mould, a spot on cloth, made by applying rusty iron to the cloth when wet.— Iron-monger, a dealer in iron wares or hardware.— Iron-mongery, a general name for all articles made of iron; hardware.— Iron-pyrites^ yellow sulphuret of iron.— Iron-sand, an iron ore m grains, used to sand paper after writing. — Iron-sheatned, sheathed with iron.— Iron-shod, shod with iron.— Iron-sick, applied to a ship when her bolts and nails are so much cor¬ roded or eaten with rust that she has become leaky.— Iron-sided, having iron or very firm sides.—jron- smith, a worker in iron.— Iron-stone, an impure ore of iron, containing much clay.—Jr(m-t<;ood, the popular name of some species of a genus of trees called sider- orylon.—Iron-work, a general name of the parts or pieces of a building, vessel, carriage, &c., which con¬ sist of iron ; anytlung made of iron.— Iron-works, the works or establishment where pig-iron is wrought into bars, &c.— Iron-wort, the popular name of some species of a genus of plants called sideritis. Iron, a. Made of iron; consisting of iron ; resembling iron in colour; harsh; rude; severe; binding fast; not to be broken; hard of understanding; dull; firm: robust; vigorous. — v.a. To smooth with an instrument of iron; to shackle with irons; to fetter or handcuff; to furnish or arm with iron. Ironbr, i'-tmi-er, s. One who irons. Ironic, i-ron'-ik, j a. Expressing one thing and Ironical, / meaning the opposite; sati¬ rical. Ironically, i-ron*-e-kal-le, ad. By way of irony. Ironinqj s. A smoothing with an iron; a shacklmg; a furnishing or arming with iron.— Ironing- hoard is a tailor’s board for pressing cloth on 'with an iron, to smooth the seams, &c. Ironist^ i*-run-ist, s. One who deals in.irony. Irons, %'-urns, s.pl. Fetters, chains, or iron manacles; handcuffs ; tools for heating at a fire, as those used by laundresses, tailors, hatters, &c.; the poker, tongs, and shovel for a grate.—In military and naval affairs, to put in irons is to confine a prisoner in fetters or handcul^. Irony, i'-urn-e, a. Made or consisting of iron; par¬ taking of iron; resembling iron ; hard. Irony, i'-run-e, s. A kino, of ridicule which exposes errors or faults by seeming to approve, adopt, or de¬ fend them; satire. lRous,t i'-rus, a. Apt to be angry. Irradiancb, ir-ra’-ae-anse, I s. Emission of rays of IrradiancYj tr-ra'-de-an-sc, I light on an object; beams of Ught emitted; lustre; splendour. Irradiate, ir-ra!-de-ate, v.a. To illuminate; to brighten ; to enlighten intellectually; to decorate with shining ornaments. — v.n. To emit rays; to shine. — a. Adorned with brightness, or with anything shining. Irradiated, ir-ra*-de-a-tcd, pp. of the verb to irradiate. Irradi.^tion, ir-ra-de-a'-shu7i, s. The act of emitting beams of light; illumination; brightness; intellectual light. Irradicate, ir-rad'-e-kate, v.a. To root deeply. iRRATtoNAL, ir-rnsh'-nn~al, a. Not rational; void of reason or understanding; contrary to reason; unrea¬ sonable ; foolish. Irrationality, ir-rash-un-aV-e-te, s. "Want of reason or the powers of understanding. Irrationally, ir-rash'-un-al-le, ad. "Without reason; absurdly. luRECL.AiMABLE, ir-re-klttme'-ii-bl, a. That cannot be recalled from error or vice, or be brought to reform ; : iiTocoverable ; incorrigible. Jrreci.aimablt, ir-re-kiatne'-d^ble, ad. So as not to admit of reformation. Irreconcilable, ir-rek-on-sile'-d-bl, a. Not to be re¬ called to amity, or a state of friendship; retaining enmity tliat cannot be appeased; incongruous; in¬ compatible. Irrecorcilableness, ir-rek-on-sile'-d bl-nes, s. The quality of being irreconcilable ; incongmity. Irreconcilably, ad. In a manner that precludes reconciliation. Irreconcilb, «r-reA/-on-«7e, v.a. To prevent from being reconciled. iBUBcoyciLED, ir-rtV-on-siWi, a. Not reconciled ; not olorcd for. iBRScoKctLuMsiiT, ir-tei-oH-ttle'-mmi, is. Want ol , Ibreconciliation, tr-rek-on-sil-e--re-aoi'-vd-W-nes, j quality of not being resolvable. Irresolvable, ir-re-zol'-vd-bl, a. That cannot be re ■ solved. lRREsoLVBDLT,t ir-re-zoV-ved-Uy ad. Without settled determination. Irrespective, ir-re-spek'-tiv, a. Not ha'ving regard to, with of i t not regarding circumstances. Irrespectively, ir-re-spek'-tiv-le, ad. Without regard to ; not taking circumstances into consideration. Irrespirable, ir-7'es'-pe-rd-bl, a. Unfit for respiration. Irresponsibility, ir-re-spon~$e-bii'-e-ie, 8 . Want of re¬ sponsibility. Irresponsible, ir-re-spon'-se-bl, a. Not responsible; not liable or able to answer for consequences. Irresponsibly, ir-re-spon'-se~bley ad. So as not to be responsible. Irresuscitable, ir-7'e-su!/-se-td-hly a. Not capable oi being revived. Irresuscitably, ir-^'e-sw^-se-td-hley ad. So as not to be resuscitable. Irretentive, ir-re-ten'-iiVy a. Not retentive or apt to retain. Irretraceable, ir-re-U'ase'-d-hly a. That cannot be retraced. Irretrievable^ ir-re-treev'-d-bl, a. Not to be recovered or repafred; irremediable ; iixecoverable. Irretrievableness, ir-re-treev'-d-bl-neSy s. The state of being irretrievable. Irretrievably, ir-re-treeiZ-d-hUy ad. Irreparably; ir¬ recoverably. Irreturnable, ir-re-turn'-&-bly a. Not to be returned. Irrbvealable, ir-re-veeV~d-bl, a. That may not be re¬ vealed. Irrevealably, ir-re-veeV'd-bUy ad. So as not to be re- vealable. Irreverence, ir-rev'-er-ense, s. Want of reverence or veneration; want of a due regard to the authority and character of the Supreme Being. Irreverent, ir-rev'-er-etit, a. Wantii^ in reverence ; not manifesting due regard to the Supreme Being; disrespectful. Irreverently, ir-rev'-er-ent-ley ad. In an irreverent manner ; without due respect to superiors. Irreversible, ir-re-ver'-se^l, a. That cannot be re¬ versed or annulled; irrevocable. Irreversibleness, ir’re-vei''-se-bl-7ies, s. State of be¬ ing ii’reversible. Irreversibly, ir-re-ver'-se-ble, ad. In a manner which precludes a reversal or repeal. Irrevocability, ir-rev-o-kd-bil'-e-te, \ s. State of being Irrbvocableness, ir-7'ev'-o-kd-bl-7ies, j irrevocable. Irrevocable, ir-rev'-o-kd-bl, a. Not to be recalled or revoked ; not to be reversed or annulled. Irrevocably, ir-rev’-o-kd-bley ad. Beyond recall; in a manner precluding repeal. IrrevolublEjJ ir-rev'-o-iu-bl, a. That has no revolu¬ tion. Irrigate, ir'-re-gate, v.a. To water; to moisten; to bedew ; to cause a stream to flow over land for nou¬ rishing vegetation. Irrigation, ir-re-ga'-shnn, 8 . The act of Yvalering or moisteniim.—In agriculture, the operation of causing water to now over lands for nourishing plants. Irriguous, ir-rig'-u-u8, a. Watered; watery; moist, dewy. Irrision, ir-rizh'-un. 8 . The act of laughing at an¬ other. Irritability, ir-re-td-biV-e-te, s. Susceptibility of ex¬ citement ; disposition to anger or pas-sion. Irritable, ir'-re-tn-bl, a. Susceptible of excitement, or of heat and action; disposed to anger or pa-ssion; easily inflamed or exasperaied.~In physiology, suscep¬ tible of irritation; sensitive to the appulse of an external body. Irritably, ad ‘'’n a wa ? > rrv'ti'rd. lEMTANOY [ 543 ] ISSUE InaiTAifCT, ir'-re-tan-aet 8 . The state of being irritant. Irritant, ir'-rc^tant, a. Irritating. — 8 . That which irritate# Irritate, ir'-re-tate, v.a. To exeite heat and redness in the skin or flesh; to cause irritation; to make angry or fretfuJ; to heighten excitement; to inflamei provoke, or exasperate. —t a. Excited; heightened. Irritated, ir*-re~ta-ted, pp. of the verb to irritate. ^ Irritation, ir-re-ta'-shun, 8. The operation of exciting heat, action, and redness in the skin or flesh, by fric¬ tion or other means ; excitement of anger or passion ; provocation ; exasperation ; anger.—In physu>logy, a vitiated and abnormal state of sensation or action produced by external or medicinal agents; the morbid Buperexcitation of vitality. , . . . 1 Irritative, ir'-re-t&-tiv, a. Serving to excite or im- j tate. . . , , ' Irritatort, ir'-re-t&-tur-ef a. Exciting; producing irritation. Irroration, i>-ro-ra'-«Aun, 8 . The act of bedewing ; the state of being moistened with dew.^ Irrupted, ir-ruptf-ed, a. Eroken with violence. Irruption, ir-rup'-shuiif 8 . A bursting in; a sudden invasion or incursion. _ , 1 Irruptive, ir~rup'-tiv, a. Hushing in or upon. Is, tz, v.n. (Sax.) The tliird person singulp of the indicative mood of the auxiliary verb to be; as, I am, thou art, he is, &c. Isabel, iz'-h-bel, 8 . A brownish yellow colour, with a shade of brownish red. IsAGOGic, i-sh-g^'-ih, J a. Introductory. IsAOooicAL, IsAGON, i'-sh-gon, s. A figure whose angles are equal. IsATiNE, 8 . A compound obtained from indigo when oxidized by means of sulphuric acid and bichromate of potash; it forms hyacinth, red, or orange red crystals of a brilliant lustre.^ IsATis, is^-d-tis, 8 . In zoology, the Arctic fox, or cams lagopus.—lTi botany, a genus of biennial cruciferous herbs, the "VVoad, which furnishes a blue dye; type of the tribe Isatidea. IsATTDE, i'-sd-tide, 8. A powder of a yellowish colour, obtained by dissolving isatine in hydrosulphuret of ammonia. IscA, 8. An excrescence of the oak. Ischiadic, is-ke-ad'-ik ,) a. Pertaining to the ischium, XscniATic, is-ke-at'-ik, ) or hip.—The Isc/itac^tc passion is a rheumatic or neuralgic affection of some part about the hip-joint; called, also, soiaitca. — The Ischiadic artery is a branch of the internal iliac, which passes out at the Ischiadic foramen, in company with the great sciatic nerve. IscHiAGRA, is-ke-ag'-rd, 8 . A gouty^ affection of the ■ haunch, same as neuralgia of the thigh. Ischial, is'-ke-al, a. Belonging to or contributed by the ischium. , , Ischialgia, is-ke-a^'-je-d, s. Pain about the haunch, or in the course of the ischiatic nerve. IscHiocELE, W-ke-o-sele, s. In pathology, a species of hernia, formed by protrusion of the viscera through the great ischiadic foramen. IscHNOPHONY, isk-Hof'-0-716, 8 . "Wealoiess or thinness oi voice. , , ^1. IscHOPHONY, is-kof'-o-ne, s. Impeded utterance; the act of stammering. . * IscHURETic, is-ku-reV-ik, a. Having the quality of relieving ischury. , . — s. A medicine adapted to relieve ischury. I 3 CHURT- i^-ku-re, s. A stoppage or suppression of urine, different from dysury. IsERiNE } ^ variety of titanic iron. IsETHioNATES, i-se-thi'-o-nayts, s.pl. In chemistry, a family of salts formed by the union of isethionic add with salifiable bases. The principal isethionates are those of ammonia, potash, copper, silver, and lead. IsH, ish. (Sax.) An adjective termination of English words, denoting diminution j as, 6 ?ac&isA, rather black. Annexed to p7'ope7' names, it forms a possessive ad¬ jective ; as in Swedish, English,^ &c. Annexed to com77ion nouns, it forms an adjeciive; foolish, firom fool. IsmLE, i'-sik-kl. See Icicle. Isinglass, i'-zinf-glas, s. A substance consisting chiefly of gelatine, of a firm texture and whitish colour, pre¬ pared from the souDds or air-bladders of certain fresh¬ water ffV.es. IsLAJcisM. i7f-ld-mi»m, s. The true faith, according jo llie Mohammedans; Mohammedanism IsLAMiTi'". iz-ld-mxtf-ik, a. Pertaining to Islam; Mo*- harambdan. Island, i'-land,%. A tract of land surrounded by water. —Islands of Ice, the name given to those large masses of floating ice found in the northern sea®. Islander, i-fand-er, 8.* An inhabitant •' an island. IsLANDY,$ i'-lan-de, a. Full of, or belonging to, islandic. Isle, He, 8. tract of land, surrounde- ' v water, or a detached portion of land, embosomeo in the ocean, or in a lake or river ; a passage in a churen See Aisle. Islet, i'-let, 8. A small island. ISMAELIANS, is-niQ-e'-le-aus, s.pl. A Mohammedan seetjj. so called from being the supporters of Ismael. IsNARDiA, is-7iar'-de-d, s. A genus of aquatic plants, of the order OnagracecB. IsocARDi^ i-so-kar'-de-d, s. A genus of Mollusca, of the family dhamidee. IsocHEiMAL, i-8o-ki'-mal, ) a. Having the same IsocHiKENAL, i-so-ki'-7nen-al,] mean winter tempera¬ ture. or equal degree of cold.— Isochimeyial lines, lines passing tlirough places having the same mean winter temperature. IsocHROMATic, iso-kro-mat'-ik, a. Having the same colour. Isochronal, i-sokf-ro-nal, ) a. Uniform in time ; of Isochronous, i-sok'-ro-7ius,] equal time. IsocHRONisM, i-sok' •ro-7iiz7n, s. Equality of time; the quality of occurring at the same time. IsoDOMON, i-sod' o-mon, s. (Gr.) In Grecian architect ture, a construction of equal thickness and equal length. IsoGEOTHERMAL i-so-je-o-thev'-mal, a. Connecting the points of equal temperature in the interior of the earth. Isolate, v.a. To place in a detached situa¬ tion ; to place by itself; to insulate. Isolated, pp. of the verb to isolate. Insu¬ lated. soLATioN, iz-o-la'-shu7\, s. The state of being isolated, insulation. .soMERic, i-so-mer'-ik, a. Having the same elements in the same propoitions, but with different properties. Isomerism, i-som'-er-izm, s. Identity of elements and proportions. Isomorphism, i-so-mor'-fizm, s. The quality of assuming the same ci^stalline form, though composed of differ¬ ent elements, or proximate principles. IsoMORPHous, a. Composed of different elements, but having the same crystalline form. IsoNOMY, t-«on'-o-mc, 8. Equal law; equal distribution of rights and privileges. Isoperimetrical, i-so-per-e-met'-re-kal, a. Having equal perimeters. Isoperimetry, i-so-pe-rim'-e-tre, s. In geometry, the science of figures, having equ^ perimeters or boun¬ daries. IsoPOD, i'-so-pod, s. A crustaceous insect with seven pairs of legs, usually similar ; of the order Isopoda. Isopodiporm, i-so-pod'-e-fatorm, a. Applied to the larvae of saprophagous hexapods. IsoPODous, i-sop'-o-(tu8, a. Having Jihe characteristics of an isopod, with an equal number of feet. IsoPYRE, i'-so-pire, 9. A black mineral with grey or red spots or streaks, consisting of silica, alumina, lime, and oxide of iron. Isosceles, i-sos'-se-les, a. A term applied to a triangle having two sides only that are equal. IsosTBMONous, i-so-stem'-0-71US, a. In botany, having an equal number of stamens and pistils. IsoTH-EBAx, i-8oth'-e-ral, a. Having the same mean summer temperature. Isothermal, i-so-thei^-mal, a. Having an equal degree of heat; thus, isothermal lines are lines passing through places of equal mean temperatures. Isotonic, %-so-ton'-ik^ a. Having equal tones. Israelite, iz'-ra-el-xte, s. A descendant of Israel; a Jew. ISEAELITTO, i%-ra-el-if-ik, \ Pertaining to Israel. ISRAELITISH, iz-rc-el-t'-tish, i Issuable, ish'-shu-d-bl, a. Tkat may be issued; so as to bring issue. IseuANT^ ish'-shu-ant, a. In heraldry, applied to any beast issuing out of the bottom line 01 any chief or fess. Issue, iW-sAa, 8. The act of passing or flowing out, egress, p{«sage, or outlet; a sending out, as of note# ISSUE JACK [ 644 ] a. Bank, event; effect; consequence; end or ultimate resuJ t; progeny; produce of the earth, or profits of land, tenements^ or other property.—In surgery, a little ulcer made in some part of an animal body to produce discharges.—In law, the point of matter depending in suit, on which the parties join, and put the case to trial by a jury, and are hence said to join isstie. —In military matters, Regtmental issues are moneys paid by regimental agents, acting under the authority of the respective colonels, for regimental purposes. Issue , v.n. To pass or flow out; to run out of any inclosed place ; to proceed, emanate, or spring, as from a soiu’ce.—In legal pieadmgs, to come to a point in fact or law, on which the parties join and rest the decision ot the cause ; to close ; to end ; to terminate. •»- v.a. To send out; to put into circulation; to deliver for use. Issued, ish'-shude, pp. or a. Descended ; sent out. Issueless, ish'-shu-les, a. Having no issue or progeny. Issuer, ish'-shu-er, s. One who issues or emits. Issuing, 8. A flowing or passing out; emis¬ sion. Isthmian, ist'-me-an, a. Pertaining to an isthmus ; as the Isthmian games of Greece were so called from tiicir being celebrated on the Isthmus of Corinth. IsTHMiTis, ist-mi'-tis, 8. Inflammation of the fauces. Isthmus, tsi'-wus, s. (Lat.) A neck or narrow slip of land by which two continents are connected, or by which a peninsula is united to the main land. It, pron. (Sax.) A substitute or pronoun of the neu¬ ter gender, sometimes called demonstrative, and stand¬ ing for anything except males and females.— It is much used as the nominative case or word to verbs called impersonal; as it rains. Italian, it-tal'~yan, a. Pertaining to Italy.—J^«Z*an- iron is a laundress's heater for fluting and smoothing frills, &c.— Italian rye grass is the Solium Italicum, which produces a coarse kind of seed.— Italian ware- nouseman is a vendor of fine oils, macaroni, dried fruits, &c. — s. A native of Italy; the language used by the Italians. Italianate,± it-taV-yan-ate, v.a. To render Italian, or conformable to Italian customs. Italianize, it-taV-yan-ize, v.n. To play the Italian; to speak Italian. Italic, it-al’-ik, a. Relating to Italy ; applied to a lean¬ ing type called Italics, first used by Italian printers. Italicize, it-al'-e-size, v.a. To write or print in Italics. Italics, it-al'-iks, s.pl. Italic letters or characters. Itch, itsh, s. A disgusting and iiTitating cutaneous disease ; a constant teasing desire, as an itch for novelty. — v.n. To feel a particular uneasiness in the skin, which inclines the person to scratch the part; to nave a constant desire or teasing inclination. Itching, itsh'-ing, s. The state of the skin when we desire to scratch it; a constant teasing desire. Itchv, itsh'-e, a. Infected with the itch. Ite, ite. In chemistry, a termination used to indicate that a saline compound is foianed by an acid ending in ous; thus, 8uiphurtfe« are distinguished from sul¬ phates, which are formed by sulphuric acid with the same bases. Item, i'-teni^ ad. (Lat.) Also; a word used when something is to be added. •- 8. An article; a separate particular in an account; a hint; an inuendo. — v.a. To make a note or memorandum of. IterablBjJ it'-er-d-hl, a. That may be repeated. Iterant, it'-er-ant, a. Repeating. Iterate, it'-er-ate, v.a. To repeat; to utter or do a second time. Iteration, it-er-a'-shun^ s. Repetitimi; recital or performance a second time. Iterative, if-er-d-tiv, a. Repeating. Itineracy, i-tin'-er-d-se, s. Practice of Itinerating. Itinerancy, i-tin'-er-an-se, s. A passing from place to place. Itinerant, i-tm^-er-ant, a. Passing from place to place; wandering. — s. One who travels from place to place, as an itiner¬ ant preacher or player; a wanderer. iTiNERANTi.t, i-Hn'-er-ant-le, ad. Ri an itinerant or roving manner. ITINERARY, i-Hn'-e-r&-re, 8. An account of travels, or of places and their distances on a road. Itinerary, a. Travelling from place to place. Itinerate, i-tin'-er-ate, v.n. To travel from place place, particularly as a preacher or player; to wander without a settled habitation. Itinerating, tiiig,6. The practice of travel¬ ling from place to place. Itis, i'-tis. In pathology, a terminaUon to the Greek name of the organ or part affected by inflammation ; as, bronchitis, inflammation of the bronchia. - Itself, itself, pron. The peuti-al reciprocal pronoun, or substitute applied to things. . ^ . t. Ittnbratb, iV-ner-ate, s. A hard mineral of a bluish or ash-grey colour, consisting chiefly of silica, alumina, and soda. „ , . Ittuia, I A Is. A non-acid compound of the Ytteia, ] ** \ metal ittrlum or yttrium with oxygen. , , IvoRK, i’-vo-re, s. The tusk of an elephant, walins, or narwhal; a hard, fine-grained, hony substance of a pure white colour. — a. Consisting of or made of ivory; white, hard, or smooth, like ivory.—Iwry black is a kind of charcoal in powder, made hy charring ivory or bones.—ftiory tiut is the nut of a species of palm (the Phyteiephaa macrocnrpa), often as large as a hen's egg, consisting of a close-grainea and very hard substance, resembhng the finest ivory .—Ivory turner is a worker in ivory. IvT, i'-ve, s. An epiphytic plant of the genus heacra, which creeps along the ground, or climbs walls and trees. Ivi?D ’} Oyergrown with ivy. IvT-MANTLED, i'-ve-mavi'-tledy a. Covered with ivy. Ixodes, ilcs’-o-des, s.pl. The name ot a genus of parasi¬ tical acari found on the skins of domestic quadrupeds, commonly called ticks. J. J is a consonant, and has uniformly the sound oi the softened g, as in genuine, &c. Jabb, jab, 8. A net used in Scotland for catching the fry of coal-fish. , ,. . Jabber, jab’-ber, v.a. To talk rapidly or indistinctly, to chatter. — s. Rapid talk with Indistinct utterance. Jabberer, jab'-ber-er, s. One who talks rapidly or un. inteUiglhly. „ ^ . Jabbering, Jab'-ber-ing, ppr. or a. Prating; talkiug confusedly. — s. Confused talk or prating. Jjl’bb’ekvsql's, Jab'-ber-tng-le, ad. In a confused or jab¬ bering manner. jABBBRMBNT,-j« job'-ber-ment, 8. Idle prate. Jabble, jab'bl, s. (Sc.) A large blunt needle; a kind of knife. Jacamar, jakf-d-mar, s. A genus of birds with brilliant plumage, allied to the king-flshers, and found in tropical climates. Jaca-tree, ja'-kd-tree, s. The name of one of the bread-fruit trees, the Artocarpus integrifolia, a native of the East Indies. Jacchus, Jak'-kus, s. A genus of South American monkeys. Jacent, ja'sent, a. Lying at length. Jacinth, ja'-sinth, s. A species of pellucid gem, another name for the hyacinth. JACR,Iafc, 8. A nickname or diminutive of John, used as a general term of contempt for any saucy or paltry fellow ; a terra often applied to seafarmg men, as Jack-tars ,* the name of an instrument that supplies the place of a boy; an instrument to pull off boots; a portable machine for raising great weights through a small space ; an engine to turn a spit; a young pike, a coat of mail; a pitcher of waxed leather ; a small bowl thrown out for a mark to the bowlers ; part of a musical instrument called a virginal; the male of certain animals, as of the ass; a horee or wooden frame on which wood or timber is sawed.—In nautical language, a flag, ensign, or colour, displayed from a staff on the end of a bowsprit. Jack-olock, a block occasionally attached to the top-gallant tie. Jack-fiag, a flag hoisted at the sprit-sail top-mast head.—Jac/s- plane, a carpenter’s plane^, for preparing wood for the trying plane.— Jack-ribs, m-joinery, the jack-timber* JAOKADMDY t 643 ] JANIZARY KUtch are fastened to the angle ribs.—In mechaaixcsy a machine for raising heavy weights.— Jack at all trades, a person who can tnm his hand to any kind of busi¬ ness.— Jack by the hedge, a plant CTO^ving under hedges.-^aci in a box, a plant; a Targe, wooden, male screw, turning in a female one.— Jack with a lanternyBn ignis fatuus ; a meteor that appears In low. moist lands.— Jack of the clock-house, a little man that strikes the quarters in a clock. • J ACKADANDY, 8. A little foppish fellow; a jackanapes. j 8, An animal of the genus cants, re¬ sembling a dog and a fox, commonly called the lion's provider. They hunt in packs, preying on poultry and dead bodies. Jack-alent, jak'-A-lent, s. A sort of puppet; a sheep¬ ish fellow. Jackanapes, jrt/c'-d-nap««, 8. A monkey; a coxcomb, an impertinent fellow. Jackass, jak'-as, 8. The male of the ass; a dolt; a blockhead. Jack-boots, jak'-boots, s. Large boots for protecting the legs. , . ^ Jackdaw. jrtfc'-daM?, s. A bira of the crow kind, dis¬ tinguished for thieving and garrulity. Jacket, jak'-et, s. A short, close garment, worn by males, extending downward to the hips; a short coat. Jacketed, jaft'-ei-cfZ, a. Wearing a jacket. Jack-ketch, jak'-ketch, s. A public executioner or hangman. Jack-knipb, jak'-nife, s. A large clasp-knife for the pocket. Jack-pudding, jak'-pud-ding, s. A mciry-andrew ; a buffoon; a zany. Jacks, jaks, s.pl. Wooden wedges, used in coal-mining. Jack-scbew, jak'-skreio, s. A screw used for stowing cotton in the hold of a ship. Jack-smith, jak'-smith, s. A smith who makes jacks for chimneys. Jack-staff, ^’aA'-sta/, 8. A staff fixed on the bowsprit of a ship, on which the union-jack is hoisted. Jack-stays, joA'-sfay«, s.pl. Ropes or strips of wood or iron stretched along the yard of a sr.ip to bind the sails to. J ack-towel, 8. A long tOATel placed over a roller, and attached to a wall. Jackwood, Jak'-wud, s. An excellent kind of fancy wood, obtained from the Artocarpxis integri/olia^ Jacobin, jak'-o-bin, s. A violent demagogue j one of a revolutionary faction, which took a prominent lead duiing the French revolution, and so called from their place of meeting being the monastery of the Jacobin monks.—A Dominican monk; a species of pigeon. Jacobin, Ja/:'-o-6tn, la. Revolutionary; re- Jacobintcal, j sembling the Jacobins of France. Jacobinism, jak'-o-bin-izm, 8. Jacobinic principles; popular turbulence. Jacobinizb, ja/c'-o-6m-tsc, v.a. To taint with Jacobin¬ ism. Jacobinically, jak-o-6m'-tf-ftaZ-Ze, ad. In the manner of Jacobins. J>coBiTE, jaJ^-o-bite, s. A partisan or adherent of James II., King of England, after he abdicated the throne, and of liis descendants; one of a sect of Mono- physite Christians in Syria. — a. Pertaining to the partisans of James II. ijak-o-bit'-e-kal, a. Belonging to the Jaco¬ bites. Jacobitism, jak'-o-bit-izm, s. The principles of the par idsans of James II. Jacob’s-ladder, ja'^^kobs-lad'-der, s. A plant of the genus smilax.—ln. naval affairs, a rope-ladder, with wooden steps, for going aloft. Jacob’s-staff, ja'-kohs-staf, s. A pilgrim’s staff; a staff concealing a dagger; a cross staff; a kind of astrolabe. Jacobus. s. A gold coin, value 25«. sterling, struck in the reign of James I. Jaconet, jak'-o-net, s. A light, soft muslin, of an open textuj’e, used for dresses, neckcloths, &c. Jacquard, jak-kard' s. An appendage to a loom for weaving figured silk and cotton, as well as carpets ; so called from the inventor, an Mgenious mecnanician of Lyons, in 1800. /actancy 4 >ak'-fan-«c. 8. A boasting. Jactitation, Jak-te-ta-shun, b. A tossing of the body; restlcesness ; Tain boasting; a term in the canon law T fora false pretension to marriage,or to the right oi tithes, &c. Jaculate, jak'-u-late, T.a. To dart. Jaculation, jak-u-la'-shuti, s. The action of darting throwing, or launching. Jaculator, jak'-u-la-tur, 8. The shooting fish, a beau tiful fish found in hot climates. Jaculatory , jakf-u-ld-tur-e, a. Darting or throwing out suddenly ; uttered in short sentences; ejaculatory. Jade, jade, s. A mean or poor horse ; a worthless nag , a mean woman ; a word of contempt; a mineral of a greenish colour, also called ox-stone. — v.a. To tire; to fatigue; to weary with hard ser¬ vice ; -j-to rule with tyranny. — v.n. To become weary; to lose spirit; to sink. Jaded, ja'-ded, pp. or a. Tired ; wearied. Jadery , ja'-de-re, s. The tricks of a jade. Jadish, ja'-dish, a. 'Vicious ; unchaste. \ {r,n f ^ notch; a ragged protuberance; a Jago,) \ denticuiation. — In botany, a cleft or division. Jagg, jag, v.a. To notch; to cut into notches or teeth like those of a saw. Jaggedness, jag'-ged-nes, 8. The state of being den¬ ticulated; unevenness. Jagger, jag'-g^r, la. A brass wheel, with jAGGiNG-iRON,iap'-j7»?!g-iM4rn, i a notched or jagged edge, for cutting cakes or pastiy into ornamentiU figures. Jaggy, a. Set with teeth; denticulated; un¬ even. Jaghire, jag'-heer, s. In India, a fief or lordship granted to an individual for life, generally for military purpose!. Jaguar^ jd-gwdr', s. A ferocious animal of South America, the American tiger. jAH,>a, 8. (Heb.) Jehovah. Jail, jale, s. A prison ; a building or place for the con¬ finement of persons arrested for debt or for crime. Jail-bird, jale'-bird, s. A prisoner; one who lias been confined in prison. Jail-fever, jale'-fe-ver, s. A dangerous and often fata I fever generated in jails and other places crowded with people. Jailer, ja'-ler, s. The keeper of a prison. Jakes, jakes, s. A house of office or back-house, & privy. Jalap, jaV-ap, s. (Span.) The root of a plant mud. used in medicine as a cathartic. Jalapin, s. A vegetable proximate principle of the officinal jalap. Jalousies, jal'-u-sis, s.pl. The name of a Venetian blind. Jam, jam, s. A conserve of finiits boiled with sugar and water; a block or squeeze ; a thick bed of stone in n lead mine; adso written jamb; a kind of frock for children. — v.a. To press; to crowd; to squeeze tight; to wedge in; to tread hard or make firm by treading. Jamacina, jam-a-si'-nd, i s. An alkaloid obtained from Jamaicin, jam'-a-sin, / the cabbage bark tree of tho West Indies, the Qer>ffroya Jamnicehsis. Jamaica-pepper, ja-ma'-kd-pep'-per, s. The highly aromatic berries of the plant Bugenea piinenia; all spice. Jamb, yam, s. In architecture, a supporter; the side piece or post of a door or fire-place; a pillar to suiipor: parts of a building. jAMBEE,-f jam-bee’, s. The name of a fashionable cans impoi^d from China. jAMBEux,t zham'-hewZf^.ffi. Armour for the legs. jAMBOLON,yam'-6o-/M7», 8. A species of myrtle orough^ from India. Jambon, jam'-bon, s. A gammon of bacon. Jamesonite, yamc'-fiun-^^e, 8. A steel-grey ore of anti¬ mony and lead. Jammed, janid, pp. of the verb to jam. Jame, yane, 8. o«e Jean. Jangle, jang'gl, v.n. To quarrel in words; to wraLgle — v.a. To cause to sound discordantly. — s. Prate ; babble; discordant sound. Jangler, jang'gler, 8. A wrangling, noisy fellow. Jangling, jang'gling, 8. A noisy dispute ; a vsTangling. Jakitor, ya»'-«-^ur, 8. (Lat.) A door-keeper; a porter. Janizarian, jan-e-%a’-re-an, a. Pertaining to the Janizaries. Jakizart, jan*-e-zd-rt, s. A soldier of the TurkUb foqv* guards, disbanded in Ut26. JANNOOK [ 643 ] JEJUNE CANNOCK, s. Oat-bread. (Zocfir/.) iA.s»Esis^, jan'-seji-izm. s. Tlie doctrine of Jansen^ iu regard to free-will and grace. Jansenist, jan'-seti-ist, s. A follower of Jansen, a Roman Catholic bishop in Flanders, who denied free¬ will, and held to irresistible grace and limited atone¬ ment. Jant, yani, T.n. To ramble here and there. Jaunt, Jaunty, &c. January, yan'-«-d-re, 8. The first month of the year, according to the present computation. Janus, ia'-iiu», s. A Latin deity, represented with two faces looking opposite wavs. Japan, yri-pon', s. Work varnished and figured in the manner practised by the natives of Japan. — v.a. To cover with a thick coat of hard, brilliant varnish , to black and gloss. Japan-sarth, jd-pnn'-erth, s- Catechu, a dry, brown extract, abounding in tannin, obtained from the Acacia catechu. Japanese, jap-an-eze'^ a. Pertaining to Japan or its inliabitants. — 8, A native of Japan, or the language of the inha¬ bitants. Japan-ink, jd-pan'-inhy s. A superior kind of jet-black writing ink. Japanned, pp. of the verb to japan. Japanner, jii-pan'-ncr, s. One who varnishes in the manner of the Japanese; a varuisher; a shoe- blacker. Japanning, jii~pan*~ning, s. The art of covering paper, wood, or metal with a thick coat of a hard, brilliant varnish. % /APE,t yape, v.n. To jest. —% v.a. To cheat. —j 8. A jest; a trick. jAPERjf ja'-per, s. A jester. Japhetic, ya-/c^'-tA, a. Pertaining to Japheth, Noah’s eldest son. ♦ APoNJc Acid, ja-pon'-ik as'-id, s. An acid obtained from catechiue when exposed to the air with caustic alkalies. jAPc,ya/)'-n, 8. A bird of llrazil i.hat suspends its nest. Jar, iiir, v.n. To strike together with a short rattle or treraulims sound; to strike discordantly ; to clash ; to interfere , to quarrel; to vibrate reguiarly ; to repeat the same sound. — v.a To shake ; to cause to tremble ; to cause a short tremulou}* motion in a thing. — 8. A rattling vibration of sound ; a shake; a harsh sound . clash of interests or opinions; collision ; dis¬ cord . debate , the slate of a door half open, or ready to move and strike the post; repetition of the noise made by the pendulum of a clock.—(Span.) A vessel with a large belly and broad mouth, made of earth or glass , a certain measure, as a jar of oil. Jarar\ca, Jar-d-rak'-kAy s. A species of poisonous serpent in America. Jarble.J jcir'bl, v.a. To wet or bemire. Jardbsj, zhdrds, 8. Callous tumours on the leg of a horse, below the bend of the ham. .rARoi.E,J jiit-'gly v.n. To emit a harsh or shrill sound. Jaroon, jdr'-gon, 8. (Fr.) Confused, unintelligible talk; gabble; gibberish; a mineral, a variety of zircon. JiR k,, Jos'‘ hatch, s. A young hawk. J ASMiNR, yrty'-min, 8. A beautiful swret-scenied flower, the order JaHminacea, and genus jasmintim.— Jatrnine oil is an essential oil obtained from several 8})ecies of lasmine Ja»pkb, jaf per, %. A silicious opaque mineral, a VHiiety of quartz, which admito of an elegant polish, ^ and is used for vases, seals, snuff-boxes. &c. ifAspERATBu, yos'-y»er a-itfd, a Mixed with Jasper, Jaspery, JOS' per ■€, a Having the qualities of jasper. Jaspidean, la tike jpsper; consisting Jaspiseous, jas-pid'^e-u*. j of jasper. jABPoi©,yai'-poyd, a. like jaaper. jAsroNvx,^ jasf-po-mks, 8 . The ptu-est hom-coic tred onyx. Jauncb,$ jawnse, v.n. To jolt or shake ; to jounce, to jaunt; to bustle. Jaundice, yan'-dts, 8 . A disease characterised by yel¬ lowness of the eyes, skin, and urine, and by genej^ languor and lassitude. Jaundiced, ydn'-disi, a. Affected with the jaundice; prejudiced ; seeing with discoloured organs. Jaunt, ydn^, v.n. To ramble here and there; to maks an excursion. — 8 . A short journey; a trip, tour, or excursion. Jauntily, ydn'-f'tf-le, ad. Briskly; gaily. Jaontiness, ydM'-rt 7 i'-ne, 8 . A machine tor spinning, moved by water or steam. Jentling, je7it*-ling, 8 . A tisn found in the Dannbc- Jeofa.il, jef'-fnle, 8 . An oversight in pleading or other proceeding at law. JzopLRcJep'-ard, v.a. To put in danger of loss or in¬ jury : to hazard, endanger, or expose. Jeoi’arder, jej/-nrd^er, s. One who puts to hazard. Jeopardize, v.a. To expose to loss or in¬ jury ; to jeopard. Jeopardocs, jy/Z-ard-MS, a. Exposed to danger; peril¬ ous ; hazardous. Jeopa-rdously , jep'-ard-us^ley ad. With risk or danger. Jeopardy, ieV-ard-e, s. Exposure to loss or injury; hazard : danger ; peril. Jerboa, jer'-ho-A, 8 . A small quadruped allied to the mouse, the jumping mouse. Jeremiad, jer-e-t>ii'-ady s. Eamentation ; a tale of grief or complaint. Jerk, yVrfc, v.a. To thrust with a sudden effort; to give a sudden pull, or thrust or push; to throw; $ to accost eagerly. — 8 . A short, sudden thrust, push, or twitch; a sudden spring. Jerked, jerkt, pp. of the verb to jerk. — a. Cut into pieces, and dried as beef. Jerked-beef, jerkt'-beefy s. Beef cut into thin slices, and dried in the sun. Jerker, jer'-ker, s. One who strikes with a quick, smart blow. Jerkin, Jer'-kin,^ b. A jacket; a short coat; a close waistcoat; a kind of hawk. Jeronomites, je~roji'-o~mites, s. A denomination of Christians, of various orders and congregations, so called from the Hermits of St. Jerome; and sometimes called Hieronomites. Jerquing, jerkf-ing. 8 . The searching of a ship hy a Custom-house officer, called a Jei-query to ascertain If there are any unentered goods concealed. Jersey, je^-ze,s. Fine yam of wool; combed wool.— Jersey thietley the plant Centaxirea isnardi. Jerusalem Artichoke, s. A plant [Helianthus tuherosus) whose root is sometimes used for food.—Je'rusalem oak. a fragrant plant, bota- nically known as the Chenopoainm botrys. Jervina, jpr* ce-nii, I 8 . (Span.) An alkaloid obtained Jervin, jer' mn, j from the root of Ferafrutn a/ 6 um, or white hellebore. Jess, jes. s. .A short strap of leather tied round the legs of a hawk, by which she is held on the fist ; a ribbon that hangs down from a garland or crown in falconry. Jess.amine, jef^-sA-miny s. The popular name of the genus jnsmimim. See Jasmine. Jbssf., Jes. s- The name of a large branching candle¬ stick in churches, so called from its spreading out like the genealoifical tree of .lease. Jessed, a. Having jesses on.—In heraldry, applied to a hawk or falcon having jes-ses on the legs. Jest, jest. s. Something ludicrous, meant only to excite laughter, fun, or raiiler)* , the object of laughter or sport; a laugliing-stock ; ta deed ; an action. — v.n. To divert or make mciry by words or actions ; to joke; to say what is not true,merely for diversion, to play a part in a mask. , JzBT’ERy jes'-ter, u. A person given to jesting, sportive ^k, and merry pranks ; one given to »rcaam; a • buffoon ; a merry -andrew ; a person formerly retained by princes to make sport for them. . ^ ^ Jkstfcl, jest'-fiU, a. Given to jesting ,^full^of jok^. Jesting, ppr. or a. Ta‘^'" ' merriment. . s. A joking ; concise wit. falki^ for diversion or A laughing-stock; a Jssting-stock, jesf-ing-stokf butt of ridicule. Jestingly, jest'~ing-le, ad. In a jocose manner ; not m earnest Jeei iT, s. One of the Society of Jesns, founded by Ignatius Loyola, in 1534, a crafty peison ; an m- tiiguer.—/wMtri hark. See Cinchona. — Jesitii's dropSy a medicine compounded of guaic, Pemvlan balsam, and >arsaparilla.— nuts, the fruit of the plant IVatsr caUiops. Jesuited, je%'-n-it~edy a. Conforming to or imbued with the principles of the Jesuits. Jesuitess, jex'-u-it-es, 8- A female who adopts the principles of the Jesuits ; an order of nuns ostaolished on the principles of the Jesuits, but suppressed by Pope Uman. Jesuitic, jez-u-if-iky \ a. Pei*taining to the Jesuitical, jez-u-it'-e-kal, f Jesuits, or their prin- eiples and arts; designing; cunning; deceitful; pre¬ varicating. URZviTivii.iiLy, jex-u-it'-e-keU-le, ad. Craftily. Jesuitism, jez^-u-it-izm, s. ’flie arte, principles, and practices of the Jesuits ; cunning ; hypocrisy ; preva¬ rication. Jesuit’s-bark, jez'-u-its-bUrk,6. The bark of certain species of cinchona trees, of Peru ; Peruvian bark. Jet, jety s. A mineral, a variety of lignite, of a com¬ pact texture and velvet-black colour, and much used for omamentt.—(Fr.) A spout; spouting or shooting of water ; a tube for melted metal in a mould ; t drift; scope.—In military matters, the motion of any body that is urged forward by main foi'cc. — v.n. To shoot forward , to shoot out; to project, to jut; to obtrude, to strut; to throw or toss the body in haughtiness; to jerk; to jolt. Jet-black, jef-blaky a. Of the deepest black ; the colour of jet Jet d’ead, zha-d throwing of goods overboaj’d. Jettison, yet'-tc-eim,; in order to lighten a ship in a tempest, for her preservation; also, the goods thus thrown overboard. Jettead, jef-to, s. (Fr.) A throw or spout of water, Jbttee, jef-te, s. A projection in a building. Jetter, jef-ter, s. A spruce fellow ; one who struts. Jetty, yet'-fe, v.n. To jut. — 8. A small pier; also, a projection into a river or open sea. — a. Made of jet, or black as let. Jetty-head, jef-te-hed, s. The projecting part of a wharf. Jeu-db-mots, %heuf~de‘mu>, 8. A Hebrew or la^lite. Szwv.F. jettZ-il, 8. An ornament of dress, usually con¬ sisting of a precious stone; a precious stone , a name expressive oi fondness.—In Havigation, jewel-blocks me two small blocks suspended at the extremity of the main and fore topsail yards. — v.a. To dress or adoiTi with jewels. Jzv,'Zh-novzZy jeuZ-il-howsy ^ s. The place wh«*e the jEWFL-oFPiCE,y>ur'-*i-o/'-ySa, j royal omajnents are de¬ posited. jT.-wKij’LiK.E,jew'-il-like, a. Brilliant as a jewel. Jewelled, jeuZ-ildy pp. or a. Set or adorned with jewels. Jeweller, jete'-H'lery s. One who makes or deals in jewels and other ornaments. Jewellery , Jew'-il-ler-e, I 8. Jewels in general: manu- Jewelry^ jew'-il-re, | facture or trade in jewels. Jewess, yeifl'-tfs. 8. A Heoi’ew woman. Jewish, yVte'-ssA, a. Fei-tahxing tq Jem. JEWISHLY r 548 ] JOHANNITE J B\rI8SLT, ad- In the manner of the Jews. Jewishkbss, j$w’-iih~neh, 8. The rjghts of the Jews. •Jewry, jeto'-re, 8 . A district inhabited by Jews , i Judaea Jbw’s-ear, jetotf-eevt 8. The popular name of a species of funtfus. Jew’s Frankincense, jeiot frank'-in-imse, 8. Styrax ; a resin obtained from the plant S^yrax^ officfnale. Jew’s-harp, jtw^-harpy s. A small musical instrument, shaped like a harp, which is placed between the teeth, and bv means of a spring struck by the finger, gives modulated sounds ; it is alto called jaw't-trump Jew’S'M^llow, jrw$'-inal-lo, s. A plant, a species of corchonis. grown in ahundance about Aleppo, and eaten as a condiment by the Jews Jezebci., jez'-e-bnl, s. An impudent, vicious woman. Jhuoobr Y, juff'-e^re, 8. A mixture of tobacco, molasses, and opium smoked by some of the lower class natives in the East. Jib, jt6, s. The foremost sail of a ship, extending from the outer end of the jib-boom toward the fore-top¬ mast-head.—is a spar run out ftom the ex¬ tremity of the bowsprit.— Flying jib, a sail sometimes set upon a boom rigged out beyond the jib-boom.— Middle jib, a s imil ar sail set »efore the two preced- ^g. —Flying jih-hoonx, a boom extended beyond the Jib-boom by means of two boom-irons.—In architec¬ ture, jib-door is a door which stands flush with the wall without dressings or mouldings.— away the jibf a nautical phrase for loosing the jib, preparatory to Its being set. Jibe, jibe, v.n. or a. To taunt; to sneer. See Gibe. — v.a. To shift a boom-sail from one side of a vessel to the other. JiBOYA, je-bo'-yA, s. An American serpent of the largest kind. JiCK\joQ, jik'-A-jog,8. A shake; a push. (Vulgar.) Jiffy, 8. An instant; quickness. Jio, jig, 8. A kind of light dance, or a tune or air; a kind of farce in rhyme, with dancing. — v.n. To dance a jig. Jigger, jig'-er. s. One who dances jigs; a potter's wheel by which he shapes his eartlien vessels; a miner who cleans ores in a wire sieve; a small troublesome insect of the flea kind, the chigre, which •odges in the skin.—In nautical matters, a small tackle used about decks or aloft, which consists of a double and single block; a machine for holding the cable when it is heaved into the ship by the revo¬ lution of the windlass.—is ^ term used by the seaman who holds on the jigger, when, by its distance from the windlass, it occomes necessary to adapt it to a proper state of action.—In printing, a little straight-edge implement for placing on the compositor’s copy, and thus guiding nis eye to the manuscript before him. Jigging, jig'-hig, s. In mining, the process of sorting ore, by passing it through a wire-hottomed sieve. JioGiSH, jig'-ish, a. Suitable to a jig. JioQUMBOB, jip'-gum-bob, s. A trinket; a gimcrack. (Used in eattre!) JiGiiKKEiL,jig'-ma-ker, s. One who makes or plays jigs; a ballad-maker. Jiao, ye'- go. See Gioox. Jig-pin, j'ig'‘pm,8. A pin used by miners to hold the turn-beams, and prevent them from turning. Jill, jil, s. A yoimg woman, used in contempt; a loose woman. JiLL-FLiRT, jiV-flirt, 8. A light, wanton woman. JiLT,yt7<, 8. A woman who gives her lover hopes, and capriciously disappoints him ; a coquette. — v.a. To encourage a lover, and then frustrate his hopes ; to trick in love. — v.n. To play the jilt; to practise deception in love, and discard lovers ; to coqm't. JiMMERs, jim'-mers, s.pl. Jointed hinges. Jimp, jimp, a. Neat; nandsorae ; elegant of shape. Jingal, jin-gawV, s. In India a light gun mounted on a carriage easily borne by two men; a matchlock of large caBbre. JiNGLF.,yin'i?/, v.n. To sound with a fine sharp rattle; to clink. — v.a. To cause to give a sharp sound, as a little hell, or as pieces of metal. — 8. A rattling or clinking sound, as of little bells or pieces of metal, a little bell or rattle ; correspond¬ ence of sound in rhymes: a covered two-wheeled a»ublle car used in the south of Ireland. JiHG\jiiiG,jing'gUng, ppr. or a. Giving a sharp, fine, rattling sound. — 8. A sharp, fine, rattling sound, as of little belle. Jippo, jiV-po, s. A waistcoat or kind of stays for females. Jo«, Job, s. A piece of work ; anything to be done, whether of more or less importance; a sudden stab with a pointed instrument.— To do the job for one, to kill him.— Job-master is one who lets out horses and carriages , a livery-stable keeper. — v.a To strike or stab with a sharp instrument. — v.n. To deal in the public stocks; to buy and sell as a broker. Jobation, yo-6a'-5AMn, s. A scolding; a long tedious reproof. ( Vulgar.) Jobber, yo6'-fe<’r, 8. One who does small jobs; a dealer in the public stocks or funds, usually called a stock¬ jobber ; one who engages in a low, lucrative affair. Jobbernowl, joh'-ber-noul, s. A loggerhead ; a block¬ head. [Vulgar.) JoBBiNQ, job' bing, s. The practice of taking jobs for pro^t.-^obbing-oflice, a printing-ofiQce, where small jobs, such as cards, circulars, or posting-bills, are executed. Job’b-tka.rs, joahs'-teers, s. A grass-like plant of the genus coix. JocANTRY,t joyn'-tf-re, s. The art of fitting and joining pieces of timber in the constniction of utensils or parts of a building, so as to form one entire piece; the work of a joiner. JoiNHAND, joyn'-hatid, s. "Writing in which letters are joined in words, as distinguished from writing in single letters. Joint, joynt, s. The joining of two or more things ; a knot; the union of two parts of a plant, or the space between two joints ; an inteniode ; a hinge ; a junc¬ ture of parts which admit of motion ; the place where two pieces of timber are united.—In anatomy, the joining of two or more bones; an articulation, as the elbow, or the knee.—One of the limbs of an animal cut up by the butcher.—In joinery, straight iinf's are called a joint, when two pieces of wood are planed.—luxated; dislocated; in dis¬ order. — a. Shared by two or more ; united in the same pro¬ fession ; united; combined, or acting in concert.— Joint forms the prefix to a variety of compound phrases, especially in law ; as the joining of several wrongs in one vfYil.—Joint-heirs, heirs hav¬ ing a joint interest with another.—Jotni-iives, a phrase used in insurances and annuities^ when the oscula¬ tion is the contingency of one life dropping before another.— Joint-stock, stock held in company itock Company, a company for carding on any busi¬ ness having the stock or capital divided into shares, which are transferable by each owner, without the consent of the other partners.—J■o»n^-^enau^, a ten¬ ure of estate by unity of interest, title, time, and possession.—one who holds an estate by joint-tenancy. — v.a. To form with joints or articulations ; to fonn many parts into one; to cut or divide into joints and quarters; to smooth the edges of boards yfith. & jointer, 80 that they may fit close to each other. Jointed, Joyni'-ea, pp. or a. Formed with articulations; separated into joints or quarters. JoiNTEDLY, joynf-ed-le, ad. By joints. Jointer, s. A long plane used by joiners to smooth surfaces; a curved piece of iron used by bricklayers for drawing the coursing and vertical points of the work. J’oiNTiNo, joyntf-ing, s. The making of a joint.— Jointing plaiie is the largest smoothing plane used by carpenters and joiners.— Jointing rule is a straight edge used by bricklayers for regulating the direction and course of the jointer. Jointly, joynt'-le, ad. Together; unitedly; in concert; with co-operation , with union of interest. Jointress, joyn’-tres, s. A woman who has a jointure. Joint-stool, s. A stool consisting of parts inserfed in each other. Jointure, joyntf-yur, s. An estate in lands or tene¬ ments, settled on a woman in consideration of mar- riagL. and which she is to enjoy after her husband’s decease. — v.a. To settle a jointure upon. Joist, joyat. s. A small piece of timber, such as is filmed info the girders and simimei^ of a buiJ ■liug to support a floor. Joist, y.a. To fit in Joists; to lay joists. JoK-B,.joke, s. A jest; something witty or sportive; raillery; an illusion; something not real, or no pui’pose.—A practical joke is a trick played on a person, sometimes to the injury or annoyance of his body.— In joke, in jest; not in earnest. — v.n. To jest; to sport. — v.a. To rally ; to make merry with. Joker, jo'-ker, s. A jester ; a merry fellow. Jokingly, jo'-Atng-Ze, ad. In a joking way. JoLB, jole,s. The cheek; used in the phi’ase cheek by jole; the cheek or head of a pig saltea ; cheeks close together; t§te-i-tete ; the head of a fish. Jole4 I iqi. [ v.a. To strike the bead against any- JoLL, I ■' ’I thing ; to clash with violence. SoLhiTiCKT\ois, jol-le-je-ka'-shun, s. Noisy festivity and merriment. {Vulgar.) JoLLiLY, ad. With noisy mirth. JoLLiMENT,| jol'-le-ment, s. Mirth ; merriment. JoLLiNBss, jor-^e-n«, I 8. Noisy mirth; elevation of doLhiTYyjol'-le-te, } spirit; merriment; jovialty. Jolly, a. Merry; gay; full of life and mirth, jovial; plump, like one in. high health. JoLLY-BOXT, jol'-le-bote, 8. A small boat belonging to a ship. JoY.T,joalt, v.n. To shake with short, abrupt risings and fallings. — v.a. To shake with sudden j erks, as in a carriage on rough ^ound. — 8. A ^ock or shake by a sudden jerk. Jolt-head, joalt'-hed, s. A great-head; a dunce; a blockhead. Jolted, joalt'-ed, pp. of the verb to jolt, JoLTER, joaW-er. s. He or that which jolts. Joltingly, joalt-ing-le, ad. So as to jolt or shake. Jonquil, Jow'-Ait, s. A plant of the genus narcissus oi daffodil. JoKDEN, jawr'dn, s. A vessel for chamber uses; fa vessel formerly used by alchemists and physicians for chemical purposes. JoRAM, jo'-ram, I s. A full bowl, used in some parrs of Jorum, jo'-rMw, / England, for a howl or drinking vessel. Joseph, t jV-St/, s. A woman’s riding-coat or habit, with buttons down to the skirts; a very thin, unsizea paper.—JosepA-/foi4’ers, the name of a plant. Joss-STicK, jos'-stik, s. A name given to small reeds which the Chinese bum before their idols. Jostle, jos'sl, v.a. To mn against; to push. JosTLicsG, jo^sling, s. A running against; a crowd¬ ing. Jot, jot, s. An iota; a point; a tittle. — v.a. To set down; to make a memorandum of. Jotting, jot'-tinc, s. A memorandum. JouJssANCB, joo'-is-sawns, 8. (]^.) Jollity; merri¬ ment. Jounce, jownse, v.a. To shake; to jolt. — B. A jolt or shake. SoTSB,joop, v.a. To shake up; to dash. Journal, jur'-nal, s. A diary; an account of daily transactions and events, or the book containing such account.—Among merchants, a hook in which every articular article or charge is entered from the waste- ook.—In na*jgation, a daily register of the ship’s course and distance, the winds, weather, and other occurrences ; a log-book.—A paper published daily, or other newspaper; a periodical, paper, or pamphlet, recording the progress of discovery.—In mechanism, the bearing portion of the shaft in machinery. —$ a. Daily quotidian. Journalism, s. The keeping of a journal, the management of public joumals. Journalist, s. The writer of a journal or diary ; the conductor of a public journal. Journalize, ^Mf'-naLize, v.a. To enter in a journal. Journey, s. '^avel by land to any distance and for any time indefinitely; a tour ; an excursion ; a pil¬ grimage ; passage from one place to another, gener¬ ally by land, but sometimes by water. — v.n. To travel from place to place; to pass from home to a distance. JouRNSY-riHOPPER, A seller of yam by retail. JouRNEYBR, juf-ne-er, s. One who Journeys. Journeying, jur* ne-ing, s. A travelling or passin from one place to another. Journeyman, jwV-ne-man, s. A mechanic who is hired to work for another in his employment. JOOHNET-WOEK t 550 ] JUGQLIN&LY doDRwsx-woRK,8. Work done for hire by a mechanic in his proper occupation. JorsT, joont. See Just. Jove, >'-da-ize, v.n. To conform to the religious doctrtnes and rites of the Jews. Judaiier, jetv’-da i-zer, s. One who conforms to the religion of the Jews. Judas-tree, jew' das~tree, 8. A leguminous flowering tree common in the East. JuTiDocK,jt«Z'-d«A:, 8 A small snipe. Judge, judj, 8. A civil officer who is invested with authority to hear and determine causes, civil or cri¬ minal, between parties; one who presides in a court of judicature; one who can di>cei’n truth and pro¬ priety.—In the history of l 8 ratd, 2 i chief magistrate, W'ith civil and military powers—A term applied to the great Suoreme, fis Judge of all. — v.n. To compare facts or ideas, and percoiv.? their aerreoment or disagreement, and thus to distingulsli truth from falsehood; to hear and determine, as in causes on trial; to pass sentence; to discern ; io dis¬ tinguish. Judge, v.a. To hear and determine a case; to examine and decide ; to try ; to censui e rashly; to pass severe sentence ; to esteem ; to reckon ; to I'^e or govern ; to doom to punishment. Judge-ADVOCATE, judj-ad’-vo-kate, s. A person appointed to act as public prosecutor in courts-mariial. Judged, judid, pp. of the verb to judge. Judger, jxidj'-e.r, s. One who judges or passes sentence Judgeship, judf-ship, s. The office of a judge. Judgment, 8. The act of judging; the act or process of the mind In comparing ideas ; discrimi¬ nation , discernment; criticism; determination.—In law, the sentence or doom pronounced in any cause, civil or criminal; the right or power of passing sen¬ tence.— A judgment debty a security debt, legalised by a judge’s order, under which execution can at any time be issued.—In Scripturey the spirit of wisdom and prudence, enabling a person to discern right and wrong; an extraordinary calamity inflicted by God on sinnei-s; the righteous statutes and commandment of God; the doctiines of the Gospel; the decrees and purposes of God concerning nations ; a court or tri¬ bunal.— Judgmemt-day is the final trial of the human race, when God will decide the fate of every indi¬ vidual.— Judgment-roll is a parchment roU on which the proceedings of a lawsuit are recorded.—jMdgiwjeiiZ- seatyfhe seat or bench on which the judges sit; a court or tviiixiviBl.—Judgment-hall, the hall where courts are held. Judicable, jew'-de-kd-bl, a. That may be tried and judged. Judicative, jeuZ-de-kd-tiv, a. Having power to judge. Judicatory, jew'-de-kd-tur-e, a. Dispensing justice. — 8. A court of justice; a tribunal; distribution of justice. Judicature, jev/-de-k&-ture.y s. The power of distri¬ buting justice by legal trial and determination ; a court of justice ; a judicatory. Judicial, Jei^j-cZisZi'-aZ, a. Pertaining to courts of jus¬ tice ; practised in the distribution of justice; proceed¬ ing from a court of justice ; issued by a court, under its seal, as judicial writs; inflicted, as a penalty or in judgment. Judicially, jew-dish'-al-le, ad. In the forms of legal justice ; by way of penalty or judgment. Judiciary, jew-aish’-e-d-re, a. Passing judgment or sentence ; pertaining to the courts of judicature. — 8. That branch of government which is concerned in the trial and detennination of controversies. Judicious, jew-dish'-us, a. According to sound judg¬ ment; possessing sound judgment; directed by reason and wisdom ; prudent; rational. Judiciously, JeM?-cZ»sA'-Ms-Z«, ad. With good judgment; skilfully. Judiciousness, jew-dish'-us-nes^ s. The quality of acting or being according to sound judgment. JurrERs,t juf'-fers, s.pl. Pieces of timber four or five inches square. Jug, jug, s. A vessel, usually earthen, with a swelling belly and narrow mouth, used for holding liq^uors.- Jugged hare is a hare cut in pieces and stewed, with ■wine and other flavourings. —t v.n. To utter a sound resembling this word, as certain birds do. Jugated, jew'-ga-tedy a. Coupled together. J ugere,^: jeut'-Jere, s. An ancient measure of about half an acre. Juggernaut, jug'-ger-nawty s. In Hindoostanee, the lord of the world; a celebrated temple and place of Hindoo worship. Juggle, jug'gl, v.n. To play tricks by sleight of hand ; to practise artifice or imposture ; to amuse and make sport by juggling tricks. — v.a. To deceive by trick or artifice. — a. A trick by legerdemain ; an impostui’e ; a decep¬ tion. Juggler, jxig’gler, s. One who practises or exhibits tricks by sleight of hand ; a deceiver; a tvickisb fellow. Jugglery, s. Legerdemain. Juggling, jM^grZtnp, ppr. or a. Playing tricks by sleight of hand. — 8. The act or practice of exhibiting tncka of legci* domain , trickery , deceit. JuooLiNGLY,>«^gZrngt-Z<, ad. In a deceptive mannsr* JUGLANDACEH [ 551 ] JURY-MAST i'CGLAifDACEJE,ieMJ-£^Ian-(ia'-«e-c, 8. A natural order of Exogenous plants, of which the juglayiSt or walnut, is the type. /uGULAR, jexf/’-gu-lar, a. Pertaining to the neck or tliroat.—The jugular veins are the veins which bring from the head the blood that descends by the sides of the neck. -- 8. A large vein of the neck. SvQVhkR^, jeu/-gu-lars, s.pl. In ichthyology^ that class of fishes which are distinguished by having ventral fins anterior to the pectorals. Jugulate, jew'-gu-latey v.a. To kill; to destroy by cutting the throat. Juice, Juse, s. The sap of vegetables; the fluid part of animal substances. —J v.a. To moisten. Juiceless, juse'-les, a. Destitute of juice; without moisture. Juiciness, 8. The state of abounding with juice , succulence in plants. Juicy , jti'-se, a. Abounding with juice ; mdist; succu¬ lent. JuiSE,$ s. Judgment; justice. JujvBE, jew'-juhe, s. The name of a plant and of its fniit, from which a pectoral compound was formerly made a sweetmeat. JuKE,i jewk, v.n. To perch on something; to bend the head and toss it back, as in acts of civility. Julep, s. A medicine serving as a vehicle to other forms of medicine ; an American drink, consist¬ ing of a solution of sugar in an aromatic water, with a seasoning of mint, &c. JuLi.vNj^flitJ'-Ze-an, a. Noting the old account of the year, as regulated by Julius Cmsar, which was super¬ seded in England in 1752 by the Gregorian year, or new style. Julienne, Jexv'-le-en, s. (Fr.) A thin vegetable soup. JuLis, jeiv'-lis, s. A small fish, belonging to the Wrasse family, of a bright violet colour. Jdlus, jew'-kis, a. In botany, a catkin ; a species of in- flort'scence, like those of the haz'fl, &c.—In zoology, a genus of multiped insects. J ULY, ju-li', s. The seventh month of the year, so called from Jtilius, the surname of Gains Caesar, who was born in this month. JuMART, jew'-niart, 8. (Fr.) The offspring of a bull and a mare. JUMBLE, jum'hl, v.a. To mix in a confused mass; to put or throw together without order. — v.n. To meet, mix, or unite in a confused manner. — s. ('onfused mixture, mass, or collection without order ; a small cake, in shape like a ring. Jumbled, jVw'fiZcZ, pp. or a. Mixed or collected in a confused mass. Jomblement,$ jum'bl-ment, s. Confused mixture. JuMBLER, jtwi'blt^r, s. One who mixes things in confu sion. JvMBLiNGLY, juvi'bUug-le, ad. In a confused manner. Jument,^ jew'-ment, s. (Fr.) A beast of bui'deii ; a mould for casting money. JuMENTo, 8. (Sp.) A beast of bui'den ; an ass. Jump, jump, v.n. To leap ; to skip; to spring; to pass to at a leap ; to pass from object to object; $ to agree with. *- v.a. To pass by a leap; to pass over eagerly or has¬ tily. — 8. The act of jumping; a leap; a spring; a bound, a lucky chance. — (Fr.) A kind of loose or limber stays or waistcoat, worn by females. —t au Exactly. Jumper, jutn' per, a. One who jumps ; a long iron chisel used by masons and minei's as a lever, and by the lat¬ ter for boring rocks before blasting , the name of the maggots of the cheese-fly, Piophila caseL Jumping, s. The act of leaping or springing. JuNCACEAE, jung-ka'-se-e, s.pl. A natural order of Endo¬ genous herbaceous plants, of which the Juncus, or Hush, is the genus. JuNCAGiNACEiE, ju}ig ka'je~na'~8e~e,a.'p\.. Anatural order of Alismal Endogens, the A/row-grass, consisting of aquatic or marsh plants. JuNCATE, s. A cheese-cake ; a kind of sweet¬ meat f f curds and sugar ; any kind of delicate food. JuNCou#.4 jxmg'-kus, a. Full of bulrushes. Junction, jungl<^-shxin, s. The act or operation of join ing i union ; coalition ; the place or point of union. Juncture, s. A joining; union; amity; a union of two bodies; a seam; the line or point at wMch two bodies are joined ; a point of time. June, jewn, s. The sixth month of the year, when the sun enters the sign Cancer. JuNGERMANNiACEiE, jung-er-man-ne-a'-se-e, s.pl. A natural order of Exogens, the Scale-mosses, consist¬ ing of creeping moss-like plants, of which the Jun germannia is the t^e. Jungle, yun/jiZ, 8. In lIindost(in,\o.Tid mostly covered with forest trees, brush-wood, &c. Jungly, a. Consisting of jungles ; abounding with jungles. Junior, jew’-ne-ur, a. (Lat.) Younger ; not as old a? another. — 8. A person younger than another. Juniority^ 8. The state of being junior. Juniper, )eiD'•ne-per,a. A tree or shrub bearing oerries of a bluish colour, the oil of wiiich is used to give ti> gin its peculiar flavour. JuNiPERiTE. jew~7iip’-er-ite, s. A genus of fossil plant#. Junk, jxingk, s. Pieces of old cable or old cordage, used for making points, gaskets, mats, &c., and, when un¬ twisted and picked to pieces, it forms oakum for fill¬ ing the seams of ships; a Chinese flat-bottomed vessel. JuNKERiTE, jung'-ker-ite, s. A name given by mine¬ ralogists to spathic iron. i\3-sKBT,jxmgk*-it, s. A sweetmeat; a stolen entertain¬ ment ; a dish of curdled cream and milk. — v.n. To feast in secret; to make an entertainment by stealth ; to feast. Junk-ring, jungV-ring, s. A steam-tight packing round the piston of a steam-engine Juno, s. In ancient mythology, the wife of Jupiter, and queen of heaven.—In astronomy, one of the small planets or asteroids between the orbits of Mars ana Jupiter. Junta, jMn'-Zd, i s. (Sp.) A political government; a Junto, jwn'-Zo, i convention; a cabal or faction. 3vvB,jeivp,a. (Fr.) A flannel shirt or jacket; a petti¬ coat ; a sort or pelisse or short mantle, formerly worn by females. SxiBi'T'E.B.fjew'-pe-ter. (LatA In myZAoZoei'y, the supreme deity of the Greeks and Iiomans ; one oi the superior planets, remarkable for its brightness. Zvvos, jexv'-pong, a. (Fr.} An under-petticoat. JuppoN, jx(p-pon', s. (Fr.) A short, close coat. Jurat, ^'erc'-rai, s. (Fr.) A magistrate in some corpora tions ; an aldeiman, or an assistant to a bailiff. JuRATORT ,t jew'-rd tur-e, a. Comprising an oath. Jurema-bark, jxi-re'-nia-oUrk, s. An astringent bark, a native of Brazil. Juridical, ycw-rtd'-c-AaZ, a. Acting in the distributicn of justice; pertaining to a judge. JvRiBLCxLLY, jexc-x'id'-e-kal-le, ad. According to form.s of law, or proceedimrs in tribunals of justice. Jurisconsult, s. A man learned in law ; a master of Roman jurisprudence. JvnisDiCTio's, jeiv-ris-dik'-shun, s. The legal power or authority of executing the laws and distributing jus¬ tice ; the limit within which power may be exer¬ cised. Jurisdictional, jew-ris-dik’-shun-al, a. Pertaining to jurisdiction. JUR 18 DICTIVB, jexo-ris-dik'-tiv, a. Having jurisdiction. Jurisprudence, jew-ris-pru'-dense, s. Tiie science of law ; the knowledge of the laws, customs, and rights of men in a slate or community, necessary for the due administration of justice. JuRi8PauDENT,ietu-m-pni'-denJ,a. Understanding law. Jurisprudential, Jcw-r»s-pru-de7*'-s/iaZ, a. Pertaining to jurisprudence. Jurist, Jexv'-rxst, s. A man who professes the science of law , one versed in civil law, or the law of nations ; a civilian. Juror, jew'-rur, s. One who serves on a jurv : a jury¬ man. Jury, yew'-re, s. A number of freeholders or house¬ holders selected in the manner prescribed by law, who are impanelled and sworn to Inquire into and trv any matter of fact .—Juries ai’c of dilfereni kinds, as grand and petty Juries; coniTnoxi and special juiies juries of inqxiest, &c., the duties of which are fully explained in the law books.— A. juryman is one who in impanelled on a jury, or who serves as a juror. Jury-mast, s. A temporary mast erected in a shy), to supply the place of one carried away in a tempes* or an engagement, &c. JUS t 662 3 KAMICHI Jne, jus, 8.^ In Iciv, a Latin word of very general appli¬ cation, signifying right, or law; as, Jus gentium, the MIC of iiatians. Jussi^ ju^-se, s. A textile fibre produced in Manilla, of wluch dresses, &c., are made. J-:sT, just, a. llegulaiiy; orderly; due; suitable; exactly proportioned; complete to the common stan¬ dard.—In a morrtZ upright; honest; conforming to the principles of rectitude; equitable in the distri¬ bution of justice ; impartial.—In an evangelical sense, righteous ; religious; blameless; without guilt; true to promises; faithful. ' ad. Close or closely; near or nearly, almost; exactly; nicely; accurately. - s. (Fr.) A mock encounter on horseback; a tilt. See Joust. — v.n. To engage in mock fight on horseback, to push , to drive ; to justle. J usTE-MiLiBu, zhewst’-mil-yu. (Fr.) In a term applied to those parties who profess to hold the exact middle point between the old monarchical and the modern republican principles. i 'JSTicE, jzis-tis, s. The virtue which consists in giving to every one what is his due ; rectitude in the deal¬ ings of men with each other; honesty; integrity in commerce or mutual intercourse ; impartiality; equity ; agreeableness to ri^ht; merited punishment. —In law, a person commissioned to hold courts, or to try and decide controversies and administer justice to individuals.—In Great Britain there are various kinds of justices, the principal of whomare—tlae Chief Justice of the Queen's Bench, whose business is to hear and determine all pleas of the Crown ; Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, who heais all causes at common law, between person and person.— Justices of Assize, or of Nisi Prins, are those sent by special commission into any county to take assizes for the convenience of the subjects. — Justices of Gaol Delivery, those commissioned to determine causes appertaining to such as, for any offence, were lying in prison.— of Oyer and Terminer are deputed, on some special occasions, to hear and determine particular causes.--/Msiiccs of the Peace are persons of property and credit appointed by the dueen’s commission to keep the peace of the county where they are resident. JusTicEABLE,t a. Liable to account in a court of justice. Jir.‘7'-7o, s. A name for black lead. Kelp, kelp, 8. The calcined ashes of seaweed, used Lk the manufacture of glass ; a plant. - Kelpie, kel'-pe, s. An imaginary spirit of the watt-rs. in the form of a horse. Kelt, kelt, s. A spawning salmon , a name in Sfotiand for cloth with the nap, generally made of native black wool. Kelter, keV-ter, s. Regular order or condition. Kemelin,:}: hem'-e-Un, s. A tub ; a brewer’s vessel. Kemp, ki-mp, s. A name given to the coarse rough hairs of wool, which is calculated to deteriorwte Irs I quality. KEN [ 654 ] KID ivEN, ken , v.a. To see at a distance: to descry ;* to understand. — V-n. To look round. ~ 8. View ; reach of sight. Kennel, ken '- nel , s. (Fr.) A house or cot for dogs, or for a pack of hounds ; a pack of hounds or their cry; the hole of a fox or other beast; a haunt.—A'mae;- raker is the designation given to a bone-grubber or J'ft^ gatherer.—(Ital.) The watercourse of a street; a Iltflo canal or channel. — v.n To lodge , to lie ; to dwell, as a dog or a fox. — v.a To keep or conftne in a kennel. Kennel Coai., keyi'-nel kale . See Cannel Coal. Kennflled, ke .)' J ~ neld , pp. of the verb to kennel . Kknnets, Aen'-weis, s.pl. A coarse kind of cloth made in Wales. Kenning, ken '- ning , s. View ; sight. Kent, keyit , s. A long shepherd’s staff or leaping pole. Kentle, Aen'^2, s. In cowmit’rcf', a hundred pounds in weieht; a quintal. Kentledge, ken f - lej , s. In nautical matters , ot iiOT \. for ballast, laid on the floor of a ship. Keosk, ke '- osk , 8. See Kiosk. Kept, kept , pret. and pp. of Keep. Kept-mistress, kepf ~ mis - trcs , s. A concubine or woman kept by a particular individual as his para¬ mour. Kerasinb, ker '- A - sin , s. A mineral of a grey or yellow¬ ish colour; a name given to the murio-carhonate of lead. — a Corneous, or Ivirny. Kerates, ke ' rates , s.pl. An order of earthy minerals, whicli resemble horn. Keratiasis, Aer-a-ii'-d-sts, s. A hom-like excrescence developed on the forehead or temple. Keratone, ker '- A - tone , s. A surgical instrument for cuttiR" horny substances. Keratontxis, her - A ~ to - nik '- sis , s. The operation of couching, by the agency of a needle passing through the cornea of the eye, and thus breaking the opaaue lens. Keratophite, ket ''- a ~ to - Jite , s. A homy zoophyte. Kerbstone, Aer6'-s^fm#>,s. The edging of a stone foot¬ path Kerchtep, ker '- ichif , s. A head-dress; a cloth to cover the head. Kerchiefed,!. fa. Dressed, hooded. Kerchieft, / j covered. Kerf, kerf , s. Tlie cut of an axe, a saw, or other instrument; the notch or slit made in wood bv cutting. Kermes, ker '- mes , s. In zoology , the name of an insect found on the Q,uercus Her ; being full of reddish juice, It is made use of for dyeing red. Kermes-mineral, ker '- mes - min '- e - ral , s. A factitious sulphuret of antimony. Kerv kern , 8. An Irish footman or foot-soldier; an Idle person or vagabond.—In prmting , that part of a type which hangs over the body or shank.—A hand- mill, consisting of two stones, one of which is tui'ned by the hand ; $a churn. — v.n To harden ; to take the form of corns; to granu¬ late. Kern-babt, kem '- ba - be , s. An image dressed with corn, and carried before reapers to their han'est- home. Kernel, 8. The edible substance contained in the shell of a nut; a grain or com ; the seed of pulpy fruit, the central part of anything; a nucleus; a hard concretion in the flesh. - v.n To harden or ripen into kernels. Kerneli.ed, I a. Having a kernel; full of Keknellv, ker ' nel te ,) kernels; resembling kernels. Kerset. ker ' ze , s A species of coarse woollen cloth. Kersevmrue. ker '- ze - mcre , s. A twilled, woollen cloth; cassimere. Kerve,^ Arrt), v.a. To carve. K.E8ar,^ ke ' zar . 8. An emperor. Keslop, kes'-lop. s The stomach of a calf prepared for rennet , the substance used in curdling milk. Kesting, kes'-tinfi, s. A small ^een plum , a buJlace. Kestrel, kes'-tret, s. A bird of the genus falco, or hawk kind Ket, ket , 8. Carrion ; anv sort of filth. Ketch, ketsh , s. A vessel with two masts, a main and raizzen. Ketchup, ket'-tchup, s. A sauce. Kettle, ket'tl, s. A vessel of iro«i or other metal, with a wide mouth, usually without a cover, used for heat¬ ing and boiling water or other liquor. Kettle-drum, ket'tl-druyn, s. A drum made of a copper vessel like a kettle, covered with parchment, now seldom used.—Kettte-drunmier is the man who beats the kettle-drum. Kettle-pins, kef'tl-pins, s. Nine-pins ; skittles. Keupter, kewf'-ter, s. A kind or mucilaginous paste made from raisins, exported from Turkey. Keuper, kew'-per, s. In geology, a terra applied to the upper portion of the new red sandstone. Kevel, kev'-el, 8. In skips, a piece of timber serving to belay the sheets or great ropes by which the bottoms ot the foresail and mainsail are extended , a species of antelope found in Africa, similar to the gazelle in its manners and habits. KEXj ^eAs,s. Hemlock; the stem of the teasel; a drv stalk. Key, ke, s. (Sax.) An instrument for shutting or opening a lock, or by which something is scr(*wed or turned ; the stone which binds an arch.—In an oraan or harpstchord, the key, or finger key, is a little lever or piece inithe fore-pan, by which tlie instrument is played on by the fingers.—In music, the key. or key note, is the fundamental note or tone, to which the whole piece is accommodated.—Kei/-6fJord, the whole range of the kep of a pianoforte or organ.—Key- kole, the perforation in a door or lock for receiving a key.—That which selves to explain anything difficult to he understood; a ledge or lay of rocks near the sur¬ face of the water.—In erclesiasticnl matters, the pouef of the keys is the authority by which the priesthoo{ carry out church government.-In carpentry, a led^^e of wood let into the back of another across the graui to prevent the latter from warping.—(Sax.) a bank or wharf built on the side of a river or harbour for the convenience of loading and unloading ships, and securing them in their stations; generally written quay. Keyaqe, ke'-aje, s. Money paid for the use of a kev or quay. Key-bugle, ke-beu/gl, s. A brass horn or musical in¬ strument. Key-coldness, ke'-koald-nes, s. Want of animation or activity. Keyed, 'keed, a. Furnished with keys ; set to a kev, as a tune. ’ Keystone, ke'-stone. s. The stone on the top or middle of an arch or vault. Khan, katvn, s. In Persia, a governor.—In Northern Asia, a prince or chief.—An Eastern inn or caravan¬ sary. Khanate, kawn'-ate, s. The dominion or jurisdiction of a khan. Khotbah, kot'-b'd, s. (Arab.) A Mohammedan prayer or confession of faith. Kibble, kib'bl, s. An iron bucket for raising ore from a mine-shaft to the surface. Kibblino-mill, kib'bling-mil, s. An iron hand-mill attached to a post, for crushing or grinding beans pease, malt, «fec. ^ Kibe, kibe, s, A chap or crack in the flesh, occasioned by cold ; an ulcerated chilblain. Kibed, kihe'd, a. Chapped; cracked with cold ; aflfected with chilblains. Kibitka, ke-bit'-kA, s. A Russian vehicle covered with leather or felt, and used for travelling in the winter. Among the Tartars, it serves as a kind of movable habitation. Kibt, ki'-he, a. AflTected with kibes. Kick, kik, v.a. To strike with the foot. — v.n. To practise striking with the foot or feet; to thrust out the foot or feet with violence; to maiufe^t opposition - 8. A blow with the foot or feet; a striking or thrust of the foot.. Kicker, kik'-er, s. One who kicks. Kicking, kik' ing, s. The act of striking with the foot or of jerking the foot with violence. ” Kickshaw, kik'-shau, s. Something lantastical or un¬ common ; a dish so changed by cooking that it can scarcely be known. Kickshoe,^ kik'^shoo, s. A dancet ; a caperer ■ a buf« foon. ' ’ KiCKST-wiCKsy,$ kik'-se-wik'-se, s. A man’s wife in contempt. * KiVy kid, 8. A youDg goat; a fagot; a bundle of heath and furze , a small wooden tub or vessel. Kid, t a or n. To bring forth a young goat; to make into a bundle, as fagots. — v.a. To show, discover, or make known Kidder, kui'-der, s. One who engrosses corn, for the sake of enhancing its price. Kidderminster, kid'-ner-niin-stery 8. A.n ingrain figured carpeting, made entirely of wool, and so called from tlie town where it was originally manu¬ factured. , . K 1 DD 1 .E, kid'dly s. A kind of weir in a river for catching lish. Kiddo-sv, Atd'-do, 8. A web-footed bird. Kidlino, tid' 8. A young kid. Kidnap, kid'-nap, v.a. To seize and forcibly cairy away any person. Kidnapped, kid'-napt, pp. or a. Stolen or forcibly car¬ ried away. Kidnapper, kid’^nap-per, a. One who steals or forcibly carries away a human being ; a man-stealer. Kidnapping, kid'-nap-punj, s. The act of stealing or forr-ible abduction of a human being from his own country or state. Kidney, kid’-nay, 8. A cant term for sort, kind, or disposition; humour; a waiting seiwant.—Xtdncy- bean. a tough kind of bean, so called from its shape ; the common name 01 plants of the genus Phasrolus.— Kidney-vetch, a plant o'" the genus Anthyllis.—Kidney- %vort, a plant of W genus Saxifraga.—Kidney-shaped, having the form of a kidney. Kidnei s, kid'-nays,sx>^. Two oblongedflattened glands, extending from the eleventh and twelfth ribs to the fourth lumbar vertebrae behind the intestines. Their office is to secrete the ui’ine, and pass it into the bladder. , . , Kids, kids, s.pl. A term applied to bundles of sticks and bushes planted on a sea-beach, around which are collected the waifs and strays of the ocean. Ki-ETKKi\.,kief-fe'~kil,s. A specics of clay, called mrer- schaum, found in Xatolia, and used chiefly in forming the bowls of tobacco-pipes. Kil, kil, 8. A Dutch word, signifying a channel or bed of a river, and hence a stream. Kilderkin, kil'-der-kin, 8. A small barrel, containing two firkins, or eighteen gallons. Kill, kil, v.a. To deprive of life; to butcher; to slaughter for food ; to appease ; to stilL Killadar, kiV-ld-dar, s. The commandant or governor of a fort in India. Killas^ kiV-las, s. The name of clay-slate among the Cornish miners. Killdeer. kiV-deer, ) 8. A small bird in America,so called Killdee, kil'-dee, j from its voice or note; a species of plover. Killed, kild, pp. of the verb to kill. Killer, kiV-ler. s. One who deprives of life. Killing, kil'-ling, s. A deprivation of life. Killinite, /fei/'-Ze-mie, 8. A mineral found in Ireland; a silicate of alumina. Killow, kil'-lo, 8. An earth of a blackish colour. Kiln, kil, s. A large stove or oven ; a pile of brick con¬ structed for buming or hardening anytliing. Kiln-dried, kil'-dride, pp. or a. Dried in a kiln. Kiln-dry, *ir-dri, v a. To dry in a kdn. Kilogone, kil'-o-gon, 8 A geometrical figure, with a thousand angles or sides. Kilogramme, s. (Fr.) In the French sys¬ tem of weights and. measures, a thousand grammes, or about 2k Ibs- English. Kilolitre, ke’-lo-le-tr, 8. (Fr.) A thousand litres, or about four English hogsheads. Kilometre, kil' o-me-tr, s. (Fr.) A thousand metres, or about five-eighths of an English mile. Kilt, kili,%. A kind of short petticoat, worn by the Highlanders of Scotland. — v.a To tuck up; to tr^is^j up, as the clothes. Kimbo, Crooked ; arched , bent.—To sci Kimbow, j the arms a kimbo, is to set the hands on the hips, with the elbows projecting outward. Kimmkridgb Clay, kim'-mer-ij klay, s- A blue and greyish yellow clay of the oolite formation, so called from its being found in abundance at Kimmeridge, in the Isle of Purbeck Kin, kin, s. Relation, properly by consanguinity or blood. relatives, kindred ; persons of the same race. AS a termination, km is used as a diminutive. — a. Of the same nature; kindred; congenial. Kinate, ki'-naie, s. A salt formed by the union of kinic acid with a ba^. — a.^ Disposed to do good to others, and to make them happy . proceeding from tenderness or goodness of heart; benevolent; benign; gentle ; affectionate; loving. Kind-hearted, kine'd-h'dr'-ted, a. volence. . Kindle, kin'dl, v.a. To set on fire , to cause to bum with flame; to light; to exasperate; to excite to ac¬ tion ; to animate ; tto bring forth. — v.n. To take fire , to begin to burn with flame; to be violently excited ; to be roused or exasperated. Kindled, kin'did, pp. of the verb 'o kindle. Kindler, ifetn'dZ«r, s. He or that which kindles orsets on fire. . , . . , Kindless, kine’d'-les, a. Destitute of kindness , un¬ natural. . «... Kind iness, kine'd'-le-nes, 8. Affection ; affectionate di r» 'sition ; benignity. Kindling, kin'-dling, s. The act of inflaming, or setting on fire. Kindly, kine’d'-le, a. Homogeneal; congenial; kin¬ dred ; of the same nature ; mUd ; bland ; softening. — ad. With good-will; with a disposition to make others happy^ or to oblige ; benevolently. Kindly-natcred, kine'd'-le~tia'-tchurd, a. Having a kind disposition. Kindness, kini!’d'-nes,fi. Benevolence; that temper or disposition which delights in cr>ntributing to the hap¬ piness of others ; benignity ; goodness ; affection. Kindred, kin'-dred, s. Relation by birth ; consanguin¬ ity ; relation by marriage ; affinity ; connection in kind. — a. Related; congenial; of the like nature 01 properties, Kine, kine, pi. of Cow ; but the regular plimal cows is now used. ICiNE-Pox, kine'-poks,9,. The vaccine disease. KiNQ,Hnf 7 , 8. The chief magistrate or sovereign of n nation ; a monarch ; a prince ; a ruler ; a card having the picture of a king ; the chief piece in the game of chess.— King at arms, an officer whose business is direct the heralds, preside at their chapters, and have the jurisdiction of armory.— Bench (now called Queen's Bench'), the highest common law tribunal in England. — v.a. In hidicrous language, to supply with a king, or to make royal. King-apple, kimf-ap-pl, s. A kind of apple, so called. Kingbird, kine/-bird, s. An American bird, so-called from its boldness and success in contending with other birds. Kingcraft, king'-krnft,^. The craft of kings; the art of governing, usually in a bad sense. Kingcup, king'-kup, s. The buttercup, a species of crowfoot. Kingdom, kiny-dum,^. The territory or country sub¬ ject to a king ; the inhabitants or population subject to a king; government; rule.—Tn natural history, a division ; as the animal, vegetable, and mineral king¬ doms.—In Scri 2 )tttre, the government or univei^sai dominion of God , state of glory in heaven; tlu- reign of the Messiah. Kingdomeu, king'-dumd, a. Proud of royalty. Kingfisher, king'-fish-er , s. A bird of the genus alcedo, which preys on fish.— Kingfish is a common name given to several kinds of fishes Kinohodd,4 king' h\(d, s. State of being a king. Kinghcnters, king'-hun-ters, S.pl. The common name given to birds of the genus Alcyon. Kinoless, kiyig’-les, a. Having no king. King-like, kvig’-Hke,9k. Like a king. Kingliness, kmg'-le-nes,B- A state of being kingly. Kinqling, kiny'-ling. s. A little king. Kingly, king' le, a. Belonging to or suitable to a king ; royal; monarchical; becoming a king. — ad. With an air of royalty , with a superior dignity. Kingpost, ktnef -poast. s. A beam in the frame of a roof rising from the tie-l.'eanf) to uhe ridge. Kings, kings, s.pl. The name of two books of the Old Testament. King’s-evil, kings-yvl, s. A disease of the scrofulous kind. Kino’s-spear, kings'-spear, s. A plant of the genuf asphodelns. KINGSHIP [ 656 ] KNEE Kingship, s. Royalty; the state, office, or dignity of a king. Kingstcne, king'-ston, 8. The angel fish. Kingwood, king'-wud, 8. One of the most beautiful of the hard woods imported, which reaches us from Brazil in trimmed logs. Kinic, ki'-nik, a. Pertaining to cinchona.—X’lmc acid is a peculiar vegetable acid, sometimes called cmchonic acid, which is very sour and reddens litmus paper. Kink, kink, 8. The twist of a rope of thread, occa¬ sioned by a spontaneous winding of the rope or thread when doubled; a fit of cougliing, or a con¬ vulsive fit of laughter. — v.n. To wind into a kink ; to twist spontaneously. fCiNKAJou, king'-ka-joo, 8. A plantigrade carnivorous mammal in South America, as a full-grown cat, with a prehensile tail; one of the names of the Potto. KiNKHAU8T,t kingk^-hmost, s. The chincough. K.INO, ki'~no, s. An astringent vegetable extract, con¬ taining tannin, gum, and extractive matter, and obtained from various Australian and Indian trees. Kinoyi.e, ke-noyl', 8- A sublimate obtained in golden yellow needles when a kinate is distilled. Kinsfolk, t kinz'-foke, s. Relations; persons of the same family. ICiNSH, kinsh, s. A bar or lever for raising stones. Kinsman, kinz'-man, s. A man of the same race or family; a relative. Kinswoman, kinz'-ioum-an, s. A female relation. Kiosk, ke-osk', s. A Turkish open summer-house sup¬ ported by pillars. Kipe, kipe, s. A basket for catching fish. Kipper, kip'-per, s. A term applied to salmon when unfit to be taken; a salmon split open, salted, and dried. Kips, kips, s. A name among tanners for the skins of young animals. Kip-skin, kip'-skm, s. A kind of leather between cow¬ hide and calf-skin, made from the hides of young cattle. Kirk, kirk, s. In Scotlarid, a church.—The Kirk of Scotland is so called by way of pre-eminence.—The Kirk Session is the lowest court of the church, com¬ posed of the minister and lay elders. See Church. Kirkman, kirk'~man, s. One of the Church of Scotland. Kirn, kern, s. A chum.—In Scotland, the last handful of grain cut down on the harvest-field.— Kirn-milk is buttermilk. iviRSCHWASSER, kirksh-tcas'-ser, s. (Germ.) Cherry- water ; a spirit made in Germany from the fermented juice of cherries. KiRTi.E, kir'tl, 8. An upper garment; a gown ; a petti¬ coat; a short jacket; a mantle; a quantity of flax, about a hundred pounds. Kirti.bd, kir'tld. a. Wearing a kirtle. Jyirwanite, kir -wan-ite, s. A mineral of a dark green olive colour, found in cavities of basalt, in the north¬ east of Ireland. Kiss, kis, v.a. To salute with the lips; to treat with fondness ; to caress; to touch gently, s. A salute given with the l^s; a common token of affection ; a small piece of confectionery. Kissed, kist, pp. of the verb to kiss. Kisser, ki^-ser, s. One who kisses. Kissing, kis'-sing, s. The act of giving a kiss. Kissing-comfit, kis'- sing-kum'-Jit, s. Perfumed sugar¬ plums to sweeten the breath. Kissino-crust, 8. In cookery, the crust of a loaf that touches another. Kit, kit, s. A large bottle ; a kind of fish-tub ; a milk- pail ; a soldier’s complement of necessaries, mechanic’s bundle of tools, &c.—In Scottish, the whole ;*applied to one’s property, family, &c. Kit-cat, kif-knt, s. A term applied to a club in London, to which Addison and Steele belonged; so called from Christopher Cat, a pastrycook, who seived the club with pies; applied, also, to portraits a little less than a half length. Kitchen , kitch'-in, s. The room of a house appropriated to cookeiy.—In ships, the galley or caboose.—The word admits of various compounds ; as, Kitchen- dresser, a frame with shelves and drawers for keeping crockery ware.— Kitchen-garden, a garden or piece of ground appropriated to the raising of vegetables for the \zX)\Q.-^Kitchen-maid, a female servant whose tmsiness is to do the work of a kitchen.— Kitchen^ range, a fire-grate and stove with oven and boiler, &c., ior coo\dn^.^Kitchcn-stvff fat collected from pots and dripping-pans. — Ritchen-wench, the woman wfio cleans the kitchen and utensils of cookery.— ICitchen^ work, work done in the kitchen, as cookery, wash¬ ing, &c. Kite, kite, 8. A rapacious bird of the genus falco, oi hawk; a name of reproach, denoting rapacity; a light frame of wood and paper constructed for flying in the air.— Kite-fiying, the dealing in accommodation paper, for the purpose of raising money. Kitesfoot, kite^-fut, s. A plant. Kith,4: kith, s. Acquaintance.— Kith and kin, relation¬ ship. Kitlino, kif-ling, 8. A whelp ; the young of a beast. Kitten, kit'tn, s. A young cat, or the young of the cat. — v.n. To bring forth young, as a cat. Kittiwake, kif -te-wake, s. A bird of the gull kind. To tickle. Kittlish, kiftlish, a. Ticklish ; difficult to manage. Kive, kive, s. A mashing vat. KivER.t kiv'-er, v.a. To cover. Kleptomania, kfep-to-ma'-ne-d,) 8. An irresistible pro- Klopemania, klo-pe-ma’-ne-d, ] pensity for theft. Klick, klik, v.n. To make a small, sharp sound, by striking two things together. Klicking, klik’-ing, s. A regular sharp noise. Knab, nab, v.a. To seize with the teeth; to bite; to gnaw ; to lay hold of or apprehend. {Vulgar.) Knabblb,$ 7iah'bl, v.n. To bite or nibble. Knack, nnk, s. A little machine ; a petty contrivance; a toy; dexterity m some slight operation ; adroitness. —t T.n. To crack ; to make a sharp, abrupt noise. Knacker, nak’-er, s. A maker of knacks, toys, or small work ; one who buys worn-out horses for slaughter, and cuts them up for dogs’ meat.— Knacker's-yard is a place where the carcases of dead horses are taken to he cut up for commercial purposes. Knackish, nak'-ish, a. Trickish. Knackishness, naT:' ts7i-7ie5, s. Artifice; trickishness. Knacky, nak'-e, a. Having a knack ; cunning; crafty, {Local.) Knag, nag, s. A knot in wood, or a protuberant knot; a wart; a peg for hanging things on; the shoot of a deer’s horns. Knaggy, nag*-e, a. Knotty; full of knots; rough in temper. KNAP,t 7iap, s. A protuberance; a swelling. —t v.a. To bite; to bite off; to break short; to strike with a sharp noise ; to snap. — v.n. To make a short, sharp sound. Knapbottle, nap'-bot-tl, s. A plant. Knapp isH, 7iap'-pish, a. Snappish. Knapplb, 7iap’pl, v.n. To break off with an abinipt, sharp noise. Knapsack, nap'-sdk, s. A frame of leather, or a sack for containing necessaries of food and clothing, home on the back by soldiers, travellers, &c. Knapweed, nap'-weed, s. A plant of the genus cc7itau- rea. Knar, nc»r, 8. A knot in wood. Knarled, ntiWfi, a. Knotted. See Gnarled. Knarry, 1 7i’dr'-re, a. Knotty. Knave, 7iave, s. A false, deceitful fellow; a dishonest man or boy; a card with a soldier painted on it; J a hoy ; a man-child ; a servant. Knavery, na'-ve-re, s. Dishonesty *, deception in traf¬ fic ; petty villany; fraud; mischievous tricks or prac¬ tices. Knavish, na'-i?is7i, a. Dishonest; fraudulent; waggish; mischievous. Knavishly, 7ia'-vish-le, ad. Dishonestly; fraudently, waggishly ; mischievoi^ly. Knavishness, na'-vish-7ie8, 8. The quality or habit of knavery ; dishonesty. Knead, 7ieed, v.a. To work into a well-mixed mass the materials of br^ad, cake, or paste, usually with the hands. Kneading, need'-ing, s. The act of working and mixing into a msisB.—K7ieading-frough is a trough or tray in which dough is worked and mixed. Knebelite, ne'-bel-ite, s. A mineral of a grey colour, and variously spotted , its component parts being silica and protoxides of Iron and manganese. Knee, ne, s. The articulation ol the thigh and leg bones; a piece of limber or metal cut or cast with a knee-like angle.—In ship-building the knees are usee to connect the beams of a ship with her sides or tim¬ bers.—In anatomy,kriee-pan is a email flat, heart- KNEE [ 657 ] KNOT shaped bone, situated at the fore-part of the knee- joint.— Knee-cap is a cover or protection for the knee of a stumbling horse. Knee,$ v.a. To supplicate by kneeling. Knee-crooking, tie-JcrooJc-mg, a. Obsequious. Knee-deep, ne'-deepf a Eising to the knees; sunk to the knees. Knee-high, hi. a. Rising to the knees. Knee-tribute, 8. Tribute paid by kneel¬ ing ; worship or obeisance by genuflection. Kneed, need, a. Having knees.—In botany, geniculated; forming an obtuse angle at the joints, like the knee when a little bent; as, A:need-grass. Knee-hollv, 7ie'-^oMe, 8. Butchers’ broom, a plant of the genus ruscus. Kneehot.m, ne'-holm, s. Knee-holly. Kneel, nee?, v.n.; pret. and pp. Knelt. To bend the knee ; to fall on the knees. Kneeler, neel'-er, s. One who kneels. Kneelingly, ne'-ling-le, ad. In a posture of kneeling. Knell, nel, s. The sound of a bell rung at a funeral; a tolling. Knelt, nelt, pi'et. and pp. of Kneel, Knew, nen?, pret. of Know. Knickknack, nikf-nak, s. Any trifle or toy. Knife, nife, s.; pi. Knives. A cutting instrument of steel with a sharp edge.— Knife-board, a piece of wood for cleaning and sharpening knives.—K?u/(7- hox, a box with partitions for keeping superior or dessert knives.—K7it/«-grinder is one whose business 1 it is to grind knives.— Knife-sharpener, a machine for sharpening Vji\yo.s,.~-Knife-trny, or knife-bashety a wicker basket or other receptacle for knives. Knigtit, nite, s. A title of honour, conferred by the sovereign or her lieutenant, which gives the distinc¬ tive appellation of Sir before the Christian name. In feudal times, one admitted, by peculiar ceremonies, to a certain military rank.—A champion : a comhataiir , a military attendant.—There are various degrees of knighthood; as, Knight-bachelor, the lowest degree of knighthood; Knight banneret, a knight who was obliged to serve in the field, and carried the military banner; Knight-baronet, one whose title is hereditary, though it does not confer nobility; Kninht of the. Bath, a military order of honourable distinction, which first received its name from the custom of the candidate bathing before his creation.— of the Garter, a most noble order founded by Edward III., which is limited to a given number, consisting of royal and noble personages.—There are also various orders of knighthood mentioned in history ; as, Knights Hospitallers, Knights of St. John of Jeru¬ salem, and Knights Templars, who were distinguished for their valour and prowess during the Crusades. —Knight of the. Thistle is a Scotch knighthood ; and Knight of St. Patrick, an Irish one established so recently as M^Z.—Knights of the. Shite are the repre¬ sentatives of a county in Parliament. — v a. To dub or create a knight, which is done hy the queen, who gives the person kneeling a tap with a sword, and says, Rise, Sir. Kn iGHT-ERRANT. 8. A wandering knight, a kniffht who travelled in search of adventures for the purpose of exhibiting military skill and prowess. Knight-errantry, nite-er^-ran-ire, s. The practice of wandering in quest of adventures; the manners of wandering knights. Kntght-heads, Tiite'-heds, s.pl. In ships, the timbers next the stem on each side (called bollard timbers), and ri'^ing high enough to form a support for the bowsprit. Knight-i»ike, nite'-like., a. Resembling a knight. Knight-mahshal, nite-mar'-shal, s. An officer in the household of the Queen, having cognizance of offienecs. Kntght-servtce, nit^-se.r-vis, s. Tn the old feudal lato, a tenure of lands held by knights on condition of performing military service. Knighted, ni'-ted, pp. of the verb to knight. Knighthood, nite'-nud, s. The character or dignity of a knight ; a military order, honour, or degree of ancient nobility, conferred as a reward of valour or merit: but knighthood is of different kinds, as Mili¬ tary, Regular, Honorary, or Social. See Knight. Knightless nits'-les, a. Unbecoming a knight. Knightliness, niiel-le-prs, s. Duties of a knight. Kntghtltj nite'Je, a. I’ertaining to a knight; becom¬ ing a knight. Khiohtlt, ad. In a manner becomfeg a Knit, nit, v.a.;. pret. and pp. Knit or Knitted. To unite, as threads by needles; to connect in a kind o. network; to unite closely; to join or cause to grow together, as bones; to tie; to fasten; to draw to¬ gether ; to contract. — v.n. To unite or interweave by needles; to unit© closely; to grow together. — 1 8. Union by knitting : texture. Knitch,+ nitsh, s. A fagot or burden of wood. Knittable, nif-th-bl, a. That may be knit. Knitter, nit'-ter, s. One who knits. Knitting, nit'-ting, s. The fonnati v.a. To beat; to strike with the Knobble, j: rinb'hl, » knuckle. Knobs, nubs, s.pl. The name of the waste silk produced in winding off from the cocoon, but which is carded and sDun up into various common silk stuffs. K-Ntckle, nu¥l, s. The joint of a finger when closed ; the knee-joint of a calf; f the joint of a plant. — v.n. To yi<'ld ; to submit in contest to an antagonist. Knockled, nwi'W, a. Jointed. Kntff,4: mif, s. A lout ; a clown. KN^Rtr’mrt, 1 A ® hard substance. Knurled, nurld, ^ Knurlt, nwr'7 b, > a. Full of knots ; hard. Knurry, nur'-re,) Koal.4, ko-a'-lA, s. A marsupial rodent, a native of Aus- tralia- Koba, ko'-hh, a An animal resembling an antelope, found in Central Africa. Kobil, ko'-hil. 8. A small boat. Kobold, kob’-oid, 8. A goblin; a German word for a household spectre, something like the Penates of the Romans. Koef. kof. 8. A small two-masted Butch vessel. Koh . ko. The word used in calling cows. Kokob, fco'-A-o7), 8. A venomous sement of America. Kollyrtte, koV le^rite, s. A variety of clay. Konti.itk, kon'-e-lite, s. A silicious mineral. Koodoo, koo' doo, s. The South African name of a mag¬ nificent animal of the antelope species, the Damalis ft'repiiireron. Rookies, koc/ kis, s.pl A singular race of Indians, who Inhabit the mountains north-east of the Chittagon^ district, in the province of Bengal. ' ” Kop. knp, s. The Butch unit of measures for dry wares. Kopeck, kiy-pek, a. A Russian coin, about the value of a cent. Koran, k& ran, or ko r'dn' (pronounced by Oriental scholars knrntvo), s. (Arab.) The Mohammedan book of faith , the alkoran. Koth, koth, s. 'Hie name of a slimy earth, ejected from the volcanoes of South America. KocL,*o?e/,8 In the East Indies, a promise or contract; in the Persian armies, a soldier of a noble corps. Koumiss, \ f 8. A spirituous liquor made RtTMiss, ) • \ among the Calmucks by fer¬ menting mare’s milk. Koupholitb, kow'-fo’lite, i. A mineral, a variety of zcolit.*:. Kousso, koos'-so, s. A medicinal plant, the Brtryera an- thelmintica of Abyssinia. Kraal, krdl , 8. A Hottentot village, or collection of huts. Kraken, kra'-ken, s. A fabulous sea-monster of the northern seas, so large as to be mistaken for an island Krang. krang, s. A name given to the fleshy part of the whale after the blubber has been taken off. Kreasote, I s. The antiseptic principle of Kreosote, kre'-0‘fiote, | wood smoke, pyroligneous acid and tar ; sometimes spelt Creosote Kremi.in, krem'-Un, s. In Russia, the citade* of a town or city, particularly applied to the ancient citadel of Moscow. Krishna, krish'-nd, s. In Hindoo mythology, one of the incarnations of the god Vishnu, and still held in re¬ ligious veneration. Krokidolite, krd-kr.-do-litc, s. An opaque mineral of a lavender-blue colour, composed chiefly of silica and protoxide of iron. Kroomen, kroo*-men, s.pl Labourers employed on the western coast of Africa in working boats and vessels. Krodt, 8. Cabbage. Sour-crotjt. Kruka, kru'-kd, s. A bird of Russia and Sweden. Kruller, krul'-ler, s. A cake curled or crisped, boiled in fat. Krystaline, kris'-td-lin, s. The name of a salifiable base, obtained from animal empyreumatic oil, which forms crystalline compounds witli the acids. Kshatriyas, sha-tre'-yas, s.pl. (Hind.) One of the four castes recognised as pure in the Hindoo writings; the military class. Kt;fic, ku’-Jic, a. An epithet applied to the ancient Arabic characters; so called from Kufa, a tomi on the Euphrates. Kdngoo, kun'-goo, s. A red powder produced by steep¬ ing turmeric root iii an alka!i. Kunkur, kun'-kur, s. A variety of nodular limestone found in India. Kdpffrnickel, kup-fcr-nik'-el, s. (Germ.) An ore of nickel of a copper colour; copper nickel. Kurd, kttrd, s. A native of Kurdistan, on the bordci'S ^of Persia. Kurilian, kn-ril'-le-an, a. Relating to the Kurilian isles, a chain of islands in the Pacific, near Kam- tschatka. Kurkee, kur^-kec, s. A coarse kind of blanket made by the hill people of India. Kuteera, ku-te'-rd, s. The name of a gum obtained in India from the S'crcnlio urens, something similar to the gum called ktitira, produced from the Cochlosper- mum gossppi'um. KyKBOOCA., ki-d-boo'-kd, s. An ornamental fancy wood obtained in the Eastern archipelago, from the Icnotty excrescences or burrs of Ptfirosprrmum Tndicum. Kyanite, ki'-an-ite, s. A very hard, infusible mineral, occurring usually in long, thin, hlade-Iike crystals, of a blue or bluish-white colour, and consisting of silica and alumina. Ktanize, ki'-nn-ize, v.a. To prevent the rotting of wood by immersing it in a solution nf corrosive subli¬ mate or other substance, so called from Kyan, the inventor. Kyloes, kV-loze, s.pl. Highland black cattle. Kypoo, kV-poo, 8. An astringent extract made in Cey¬ lon, resembling catechu. Kyrie, kir'-e-e. A Greek word frequently used by the Roman Catholics in celebrating mass, in conjunction with the word Eleison, which two words mean, “ O Lord, have mercy on us!” Kyriolooic, | a. Representing ob- Kyriologic.al, kir~e-o-lof-e~kal,] jects by conventional signs or alphabetical characters. L. T is usually denominated a semi-voivel, or a liquid and has only one sound in English, as in 7iAb, r'lnaf. At the end of monosyllables it fs often doubled, as in fall, full, but not after diphthongs and digraphs, as foul, fool, &c. As a numeral, it stands for 50; and also for (rftra, a pound. As an abbreviation, it slgnlfles legum : as LL.D., Leqmn Doctor, Doctor of Law; Ih. standJ for pound weight, and Ih,. for pounds. LA 659 ] laceesis liA, iflWjinterj. Look; see: behold. La.’ Id. The sixth of the musical syllables m Guido s rfs A. ereat talker: a blabber. l.vuAiisT, lab'-d-dist, s. In Ecclesiastical history, lower of Jean de Labadie, who was a zealous reformer I.rBAK'J!l«(.“dwS;s. (Let.) A standard haylns the figure nr emblem of Christ woven in gold purple cloth, borne before* the Emperor Constantine after his conversion to Christianity. , L.^.BDANnM, iah'‘da-num, 8. The resin of the plant Custus Creticus , . , LKmT-.cT:ms,lah-e-fak'-shun, s. A weakening or looseu- ins- a failing; decay; downfall; rum. T.iiiEFY.tv.a. To weaken or impair. Lcbei,, ia’-hel, s. A narrow slip of silk paper, or parch¬ ment, containing a name or title, and affixed to any¬ thing, denoting its eontents; any paper annexed to a will bv wav of addition.—In heraldry, a flUet, with pendaiits o'r points, added to the family arras by an eldest or only son, while his father is still living.^ In astronomy, a long, thin brass rule, with a small sight at one end, and a centre-hole at the other, commonly used to take altitudes, &c.—In Gothic architecture., the drip-stone, a projecting moulding over doorways, windows, &c. — v.a. To affix a label to. ^ a. # * 1 , Labellum, Ih^bel'-lum, s. In botany, that part of the flower of orchideous plants to which the spur Is attached. Labent, In'-benf, a. Sliding ; glidmg. Labial, la'-be-al, a. Pertainmg to the bps ; formed by ^tbe gjiaracter representing an articulation of the lips ; as, 6,/, m,p. e. HBiALi,v,la'-la'-'iM«. ad. By means of the lips. Labiate, in'-6e-;ing water for washing pulverized ore in a stamping mill. - X j Labyrinthian, Inh-e-rin'-the-an,\ a. Winding ; intri- Labyrinthic, lah-e-rin'-fhik, > cate perplexed ; Labyrinthine, lab-e-rin'-thin, } pertaining to or like a labyrinth. Labyrinthodon, lab-er-in'-tho-don, g. The name ol a gigantic extinct reptile, found in the new red sand¬ stone formation, and so called from the labyrinthian structure of its teeth. Labyrinthiform, Jnh-e-rin'-the-fawrm, &. Having the tortuous form of a labyrinth. Lac, lak, s. A resimms substance found on certain trees in the East, which yields a fine red dye, and is used in the manufacture of sealing wax. Lac 1 I f. i 8. In the East Indies, one hundred thou- Lack | > sand ; as, a lac of nipees. or £12,000. Laccic, Ink'-sik, a. Pertaining to lac, or produced from it ; as, laccic acid. . . ,i Laccine, Ink'-sin, s. A substance discovered in shcll- lac which is brittle, yellow, and translucent. Lac-dye, lak'-di, s. Small square cakes of lac for dyeing red colours. ^ . Lace, lase, s. A textile fabric composed of threads in¬ terwoven Into'a net, and worked on a pillow with spindles or pins; a delicate ornamental network, the meshes of which are formed by plaiting together threads of cotton, linen, or other materials ; a string, a cord ; a snare ; a gin ; a plaited string with which females fasten their clothes.—Zacp-frame is a frame or machine for working Itice.—Laceman, or Lace- woman, a man or woman w'ho makes or deals in lace. — V a To fasten with a string through eyelet-holes ; to adorn with lace ; to embellish with variegations oi stripes ; to beat; to lash. , , Lace-bark, lase'-hdrk, s. The bai’k of a shrub iu the West Indies. Laced, l.ays\ pp. or a. Fastened w^^th lace or a string; decked with lace.—t Laced mutton, set off with laces an old word for a prostitute. Lacerabi.e, last-er-h-bl, a. That may be Torn. Lacerate, la//-er-ate, v.a. To tear; to rend; to aepa- rate a sukstance by violence or tearinar. Lacerate, las'-e.r-atp. 1 PP- 8. Hent; torn. In Lacerated, ln//-pr-a-ted, I botany, having the edge variously cut Into irregular segment'*. Laceration, ^as-er-a’-shun. s. The act of tearing ot »* pnding ; the breach made by rending. La' erative, a. Tearing; having the power to ;:ear. ^ ,, Lackrta, lA-ser'-th, 8. (Lat.) A northern constella¬ tion , the lizard. Lacertian . Ih-ser'-she-an, s. A Saurian, such as the common lizard. — a Pertaining to Saui-ians, like the common lizard. Lacertid^. lH-spr'~te-de, s.pl. In zoology, a family of the order SanWn, which includes the genera iaceria, or lizards, and the Mojiitor Lacertine, lA-spr'-tin, a. Like a lizard. Lacertus. lA-ser'-tus, s. Tlie girrock, a fish ; also, llie lizard-fish. Lace-winoed, lase'-tvingd, a. Having wings like lace. Lache, I'dshe, 1 g In*ioie, negligence. Laches, la -shez ,) > r> » LA.eiiBsi3, lak'-e-sis,i In mythology, one of the LAOHRYMABLE [ 560 ] LADY-DAY 01 Fates.—In zoology, a genus of venomous serpents, allied to the viper. L-achutmabeb. lak'-r«-mh~hl, a. Lamentable. C^cHiiTMAL. lak'-r^mal, a. Generating or secreting tears ; pertaining to tears; conveying tears. Lachrymahy, lak'~re-tnd.-re,s,. Containing tears. Lachrymation, tak~r$-ma'-shun, 8. The act of shedding tears. Lachrymatory, lak'-re-mA-tur-e, g. A -vessel found in sepulchres of the ancients, supposed to contain the tears of a deceased persona’s friend. f^^CHRYMosB, lak'~re~most, a. Generating or shedding Lachrtmosblt, lak'-re-mose-le, ad. In a lachrymose utanner. Lacing, 8. A fastening -with a string or cord through eyelet-holes; a cord used in drawing tight or fastening. liAciNfATE, Ih-Hn'-e-ate, 'i a. Adorned-with fringes.— Laciniated, In 6oi‘a??y, jagged. Lack, lak, v.a.^ To want; to be destitute of. — v.n. To be in want; to be wanting. r* •. Want; destitution. Lackadaisical, lak-d.-da*-ze-kal, a. Affectedly pensive. Lack-a-day, interj. Exclamation oi sorrow or regret, alas. Lackbrain, lak'-brane, s. One who wants brains, or is deficient in understanding, ^ACK-LusTRE, lak'-lus-tr, 8. A want of lustre, or that which wants brightness. »» tm I/O Ui ijjiii.iicso. — a. Wanting lustre or brightness. L^ker, lak'-er, s. One who is wanting; a varnish. See Lacquer. Lackey, lakf-e, s. An attending servant; afootboyor footman. — v.a. To attend servilely. — v.n. To act as footboy , to pay servile attendance. Lac-lake, lak'-lake, s. A kind of lac dye. Laconic, la-kon'-ik, i a. Expressing much in few Laconical, la-kon'-e-kal,\ words;sententious;concise, pithy; relating to Sparta or Lacedsenionia. Laconically, la-kon'-e-kal-le,^id. Briefly; concisely. L^onics, la-kon'-iks, s. A book of Pausankis, which treats of Lacedaemonia. Laconism, t g. A concise style; a brief, Laconicism, l&-kon'-e-sizm, ) sententious phrase or ex¬ pression. Lacqueb , lak'-her, s. A varnish, consisting of a solution of shell-lac in alcohol. — v.a. To varnish; to smear over with lacquer, for thej5urpose of improving colour or preserving from Lacquered, lak'-erd,^,^. or a. Covered tvith lacquer; varnished —are those articles coated or varnished with lacquer. Lacquering, lak'-er-ing, s. The act of putting on lacquer; the covering of lacquer or varnish thus put on. s. The produce of animals yielding Lactant,+ lakf-taitd, a. Suckling; giving suck. Lactary,-^ lak'-t&^'e, a. Milky; full of white iuice like milk. — s. A dairy-house. ^ACTARiNB, Jak'-td-rin, s. A preparation of caseins irom mi!k, extensively used by calico-printers. usj TK'tT.^slak^-talesy 8.pi. In chemistry^ a genus of salts termed by the lactic acid, or acid of milk, with a base. Lactation, lak-ta -shtiiiyS. Tlie art of giving suck or the time of suckling. ^chyTe Pertaining to milk; conveying — 8. A ves'iel or slender tube of animal bodies, for conveying cbyle from the intestines to the common reservatory. Lacteals, lak'-ie-ah, s pi. In anatomy, the absorbents of the mesenteiy, which convey tlie milky fluid or chyle from the gmaU Intestines into the thoracic duct Lactkan, lakf-te-an, a. Milky; havuig the colour of miik- Lacteous, iak'-te-us, a. Milky; resembling milk: con- I veymg chyle. ' Lacteouslt, lakf-te-us-le, ad. Milkily; in the manner I of milk. • Lactescekce, s. Tendency to milk; milki- i ness, or milky e^ilour.—Tn botany, milkines* , tbe | liquor which flows abundantly from a plant when wounded. Lactescent, lak-tes'-smt, a. Producing milk or whita juice. Lactic, lak'-tik, a. Pertaining to milk, or procured from sour milk; as, the lactic acid. Lactiferous, lak-tif’-er-us, a. Bearing or conveying milk or white juice. ^ " Lactine, lak'-tin, s. A crystallizable acid formed from evaporating the whey of milk. Lactometer, Xak-tom'-e-ter, s. A glass tube for aseer- mmngthe proportion of cream in a given quantity of Lactoscope, lak'-to-skope, s. A kind of eye-glass for ascertaining the opacity of milk, and thus estimatiii^^ its richness in cream. Lactuca, lakt-tu-kd, s. The lettuce, so called from its milkiness. Lactucarium, lak-txi-ka'-Te-tim, s. The inspissated juice of the common lettuce. Lactucic, lak-tew'-sik, a. Pertaining to lactuca.— La''- tu^ acid IS an acid obtained from the strong-scented lettuce, Lactuca virosa. Lactucine, lak'-Ui-sin, s. TLe active principle of lactu¬ carium. Lacuna, Id-kciv'-nd, s.; pi. Lacun.® (Lat.) A small opening ; a small blank space. Lacunal, Id-keiv'-nal, a. Pertaining to or having la¬ cunae. Lacunar, lA-kew'-nar, s.* In architecture, the under sur¬ face of any part, when it consists of compartments sunk or hollowed without spaces or bands between the panels. Lacunose, lak'-u-nose, a. Furrowed or pitted. Lacustrine, Id-kus'-trin,) a. Pertaining to lakes or Lacustral, l&-kus'-tral, / swamps. Lad, lad, s. A young man or hoy. Ladanum, lad'-d-num, s. (Arab.) The resinous iuice which exudes from the leaves of the Cistus ladanifcrus. Ladder, lad'-der, s. A frame of wood, consisting of tw<> side-pieces, connected by rounds or steps insei-ted at suitable distances, by which persons may ascend a building; that by which a person ascends or rises means of ascending; gradual rise; elevation.—In military matters, Scaling-ladders are made of ropes or fl.at staves, for the purpose of scaling or mounting the enemy’s walls. Lade, lade, v.a.; pret. Laded ; pp. Laded, Laden. To load ; to put on or in, as a burden or freight; to dip to throw in or out, as a fluid, with a ladle or dipper * t to draw water. ^ ’ —$ 8. The mouth of a river. L.4.DED, la'-ded, ) pp. or a. Charged with a burden or Laden, la'dn, S freight; oppressed; burdened. Lading, la'-ding, s. That which constitutes a load or cargo; freight; burden. LADKiN,t lad'-kin, s. A little lad ; a youth. Ladle, la'dl, s. A dish-like utensil, with a long handle used for dipping out liquor from a vessel; the recep¬ tacle of a mill-wheel, which receives the water that turns It.—In gunnery, an instrument for drawing the charge of a cannon. L^ieful, la'dl-ful, s. The quantity contained in a ' ladle. Ladrone, s. (Ital.) A pirate, or robber. Lady , la'-de, s. A woman of distinction ; a title prefixed to the name of any woman whose husband is not of lower rank than a knight, or whose father was a no¬ bleman not lower than an earl; a term of complai¬ sance, applied to any one of refined manners and edu¬ cation ; mistress; the female who has authoritvover a manor or a household.—Lady-bird, lady-bug", Jady- cow, and lady-f.y, are terms applied to a small coleop¬ terous insect of various brilliant colom-s, as red feeding on plant-lice, and of the genus •omaeZ/a —In botany, the term is of frequent use as a compound , as. Lady's-bed-straw, an East Indian everareen under- shrub.—Xcrfj/’s-fooicer, a plant of the ger.us demntis — Lady's-comh, of the genus scandix.—Lady's-mshion of the genus saxi/raga.—Lady's-jinger. kidney vetch — Lndy's-mantle, a plant of the genus alrhemilia- Laays-seai, of the genus tamus.—Lady's-sUpper 'of the genus cypripedium.—Ladv's-smnck, of the genus cardamine.^Lady's-traces, of the genus neottin. s. A chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary. 8. Tlie (’ay of the anuun elation of the ^ irgm Mary March 25th. LADT-LIKE [ 531 ] LAMM liADT-tiKE, laf -de-like, a. Ijik© a lady in manners; gen¬ teel ; well-bred ; soft; tender; delicate. ^ Ladt-love, la' de-hiv, 8. A sweetheart or mistress. Ladyship, s. The title of a lady. Ljemodipods, le-niod'-e-pods, s.pl. An order of Cms- tacea. , , . , • i. Lag, lag, a. Ctoming after or behind; slow; sluggish; tardy ; last; long-delayed. . j., — 6. The lowest class; the rump; the fag-end; the who comes beliind. ^ .l — T.n. To walk or move slowly ; to stay behind ; to loiter. ^ A Lagan, la'-gan, s. In law, goods sunk in the sea, and the right wliich the chief lord ol the fee has to take such goods. . , ^ , a Laggard, lag'-gard, a. Slow ; sluggish . backward. 'l,i.ao'EB.,lag'-ger, Is. A loiterer; an idler; one who LiGOARD, larj'-gard, j mores slowly, and falls belimd. Lagging, lag'-ginq, ppr. or a. Loitering; moving slowly and falling behind. Laqgingly, Ico'-Sftn^-le, ad. In a lagging manner. Lagomys, lag'-o-mis, s. The rat-hare, an animal be¬ tween the rat and hare, found in Siberia. Lagoon, ln-ooo)i', 1 s. (Sp.) A marsh, shallow pond, Laoune, la-Qune', j or lake into which the sea flows. Lagopede, lag'-o~pede, s. The Pt.arniagan, or Snow- LAimPHTlALMY, lag’-of-thal-me, s. A disease of the eye, which cannot be shut during sleep, but remains open like that of the hare. „ Lagopus, lag'-o-ptis, s. The Ptarmagan; a genus of birds of the Grouse kind. Laoostoma, l&-go^-to-tnd, 8. The hare-lip.^ Laic, la'-ik, \ a. Belonging to the laity or people, Laical, la'-e-kal, j in distinction from the clergy. Laic, la'.ik, s. A layman. Laiu, lade, pret. and pp. of Lay. Laid up, stored away ; confined to one’s bed ; dismantled, as a slup.—Lntd- paper, a sort of writing-paper with water-coloured ..{/i/xro ia oifTinr idit-p.-lfiid or ci'-eam-laid. ridges, which is either blue-laid or ctieavi-laid, Lain, lane, pp. of the verb to lie. Lair, lare, 8. A place of rest; the bed or couch of a boar or wild beast; the ground ; a covered shed for LA?nn\^ loyrd, s. In Scotland, a landholder under the degree of knight or squire ; a leader or captain. Laity , la'-e-te, a. The people, as distinguished from the LAizE^^flze.s. (Pr.) A width of manufactured stuff. Lake, lake, v.n. To play ; to sport. — s An extensive collection of water contained in a hollow of the earth ; a large pond or sheet of water.— In painting, a pigment of a fine crimson-red colour, consisting of aluiniiioufi earth and cochineal or other red substance. . , , , Lakelet, s. A little lake. TuAke-like, loke’-like, a. Resembling a lakfi* . Lakhiraj , lak'-he-raj, s. Lands held rent-free in India, or of which the dues are assigned to some public a. Pertaining to a lake or lakes. ^ Lallatton, laJ-la'-shun, s. A vicious pronunciation of the letter r like/. , Lam^, la' md, s. The sovereign pontiff, or rather the godOf the Asiatic Tartars , a South American beast of burden, nearly allied to the camel. * . Lam.usm. la' nui-izm, s- Tlie name given to the Bud¬ dhist religion in Thibet and Mongolia. Lamantin, j ^ sea-cow or manatee. Lamentin, Id-men-tin,) j t o • Lamb The young of the sheep kind.~In Smp- ture the J.amb of Qod is the designation of our Saviour, Jesus Christ, who was typified by the paschal lamb. , -v.a To bring forth young, as sheep. ^ . Lamb-ale, lam'ale, 8 A feast at the time of shearing Lambitive,^- land-bh-tiv, a. .Taken by licking. — s A medicine taken by licking with the tongue. Lammdaism, lam' da tzm, 8. A vicious pronunciation of the letter A, the lambda of the Greeks. „ , Lambdoidal, lam doy' dal, a. In the form of the Greek A lambda', the English L. , ^ Lambent, lam'bent, a. Playmg about; touchmg lightly ; gliding over. Lambkin, Zflw'-Ain, s. A small lamb. Lamb-likb, lam'-like, a. Like a lame; gentle ; humble. Lihesktn, Inm'-skin, a. The sldn and fleece of the lamb, which is extensively used for clothing, door mats, &c. About a million of lambskins are yearij Imported from abroad, chiefly tor glove-making. Lamb'8-WOOL, lamz’-wool, s. The fleece of the lamb; kind of woollen stuff; ale mixed with sugar, nutmeft and the pulp of roasted apples. Lame, lame, a. Crippled or disabled m a limb, or other- Yvise injured ; imperfect; not satisfactory ; hobbling not smooth.—inme duck, a cant phrase for a detaultef at the Stock Exchange.— Lame-maker, a foil maker. — v.a. To make lame ; to cripple or disable; to rendef imperfect and unsound. Lamel, lam'-el, 1 8.; pi. Lamels or Lamellxs. A Lamella, Ift-mel'-lA, j tlim plate or scale. Lamellar, lam'-el-lar, a. Composed of thin plates, layers, or scales. , , , Lamellarly, lam'-el-lar-le, ad. In thin plates or scales. Lamellate, lam'-el-late, ) a. Composed of thin Lamellated, lam'~el-la-ted,] plates or scales, or co¬ vered with them. Lamellibranchiates, la-mel-le-brang'-ke-ates, s pi (Lat.) An order of Mollusca, in which the branchiye or guls, occur in the form of large semicirculal layers, arranged in a symmetrical manner, two ov Lamellicorn, Id-meV-le-kawrn, s. A coleopteroui insect, having antenn® terminating in Idmeliar joints. * Lamelliferous, lam-el-lif'-er-us, a. Having a struc¬ ture composed of thin layers ; having a foliated structure. - Lamelliform, la~meV-le-fawvm, a. Having the tCirm ot a plate or scale. Lamellirostral, la-meX-le-ros'-iYctl, a. Applied to a tribe of swimming birds, which have the margin of the beak furnished with numerous laniellce or dental plates, as the swan, goose, and duck. ^ , Lamely, lame'-le,fxd. Like a cripple; with impaired strength; in a halting manner; imperfectly; weakly ; unsteadily. Lameness, lame^-nes, s. An impaired state of the body or limbs ; loss of natural soundness and strength by a wound or by disease ; imperfection; weakness. Lament, U\ ment', v.n. To express sorrow or grief; to regret deeply ; to feel sorrow; to mourn ; to grieve. — v.a. To bewail; to mourn for; to bemoan; to regret; to deplore. — 8. Grief or sorrow expressed in complaints or cries ; lamentation ; an elegy or mournful ballad. Lamentable, a. To be lamented ; deserv¬ ing sorrow; mournful; expressing sorrow; miser¬ able ; pitiful. ^ „ Lamentably, lam'-en-ta-ble, ad. Mournfully ; wulh expressions or tokens of sorrow; pitifully.^ Lamentation, latn-en-ta'-shun, s. Expression of sor¬ row ; mourning; complaint; cries of grief; the act of bewailing.—In the plural, a book of Scripture., containing the Lamentations of Jeremiah. Lamented, Id-men'-ted, pp. or a. Bewailed; mourned for. Lamenter, Id-men'-ter, 8. One who mourns, or cries out with sorrow. Lamenting, Id-men'-ting, s. A mourning; lamenta¬ tion. Lamentinoly, Id-men'-ting-le, ad. With lamentation. Lametta, (d-met'-td, 8. Foil or wire, made of goLl, silver, or brass. . , Lamia, la'-me-d, s. (Lat.) A hag ; a witch ; a demon ; an imaginary being; a vampire or spectre. Lamid^e, latn'-e-de, s.pl. A family of Coleopterous insects, of which the lamince is a subdivision and tl»e laynina the type. Lamina, lam'-e-nd, s.; pi. Lamina. A thin plate or scale; a layer or coat lying over another; the lap of the ear; the expanded surface or Made of a leaf. Laminable, lam’-e-nd-bl, a. Capable of being formed into thin plates. Laminar, lam'-e-nar, a. In plates ; consisting of thin plates or layers. , .... Laminyte, iam'-e-na«e, \ a. Plated : consisting ol IjAMiNATED, lam' e-'ua-ted, j plates, scales, or layers, one over another. „ . , - Lamination, lam-e-na'-shun, 8. State of ^eing lairu- Laminiferous, (aw-e-ni/'-er-its, a. Having ft. srti^U'uife consisting of lamin® or layers. ^ Lamish, la’-mish, a. Not quits lame ; bobv;iing- X.kWTAyt lam, v.a. To beat. LAMMAS C 562 ] LANDSCAPE Lammas, ^am^-tnag. s. The first day of August. Lammergeir, lam -me^'-ghirej 8. A larje bird of prey Jihahiiing chains of high mountaijs; the bearded vulture Lamp, lamp, 8. A vessel used for the combustion of liquid inflammable bodies, for the purpose of produc¬ ing artificial light; a light of any kina.-Lmiip glass, yie upright glass tube, or chimney, for u lamp.— Safety lamp, a \-A.n\p {or lighting coal mines, without exposing workmen to tlie explosion of inflammable air. Lampadist, s. One who gained the prize in the lampadrome. Lampas, lam'-pas, 6. (Fr.) A disease in the palate of a horse’s mouth, consisting of a fleshy swelling behind the fore-teeth. Lampate, 8. A compound salt, composed of lanipic acid and a base. Lampblack, lamp'-hlak, s. A fine soot or specieg of carbon, formed by the condensation of the smoke of burning pitch or resinous substances. L.AMPER-F.EL. lam'-per-eel, s. The same as the lamprey, Lampic Acid, lam'-pik as'-id,8. An acid obtained by the combustion of ether by means of a lamp with a coil of platinum. liA.MPiNGjJ lamp'-iiig,Vi. Shining ; sparkling. La.mplight, lamp'-lite,8. The light of a lamp.— Lamp¬ lighter, an itinerant employed to light lamps. Lampoon, s. A personal satii’e in writing; abuse; renroachful censure. — v.a To abuse with personal censure; to reproach in written satire ; to libel; to satmze. Loipooner, lam-poon'-er, s. One who abuses with personal satire. LAMPt)ONBY, lam-poon'-re., s. Abuse. Lamprey, laja'-prey, s. The popular name of several species of a genus of anguilliform fishes, resembling the eel ® IjAmprotorntn.e, lam-pro-tawr-ni'-ne, s.pl. In orni- thohunj, a sub-family of the Starlings, of which the Lamprotarnis. or Grackle, is the type. Lampyiui)^., lam-pir'-e-de., spl. In entomology, a sub¬ family of the Sf-rricornes, of wliich the Lampyris, or Glowworm, is the type Lana, la'-nd, s. A close-grained wood exported from Demerura, the fmit of which yields the pigment known as the layia dye; also, the Italian name for fine wool. Lanarious, lA-na'-re-ns, a. Pertaining to wool. Lanarkite, lan'-ark-ite, s. A sulpho-carbonate of lead, found at T.cadhil!s in Lanarkshire. Lanary, la' nd-re, s. A store-place for wool. Lanate, la'-nate, | a. Woolly.—In botany, covered Lanated, la'-na-ted,] with a substance like curled hairs Lancaster-qun, Ian'-kas-ter-gtm, s. A piece of ord¬ nance with an oval bore, and a very long range, so named after the inventor. Lance, lansp, s A spear, an offensive weapon in form of a lialf-pike, used by the ancients, and thrown by the hand. —Lanfp-co77yorrt^ one who acts as a corporal, but receives only the pay of a private soldier. — v a To pierce witli a lance or with a sharp-pointed instrument; to open with a lancet; to throw like a lance. I.ANf ED, lanst, pp. of the verb to lance. LANCEL^, lause'-le, a. Suitable to a lance. La.n'ceolar, lan'-se-o lar, a. In bota)iy, tapering toward each end- Lanceolatr, /an'(a. Gradually tapering Lanceulated, lnn''Se-o-la-ted,\ toward the outer ex¬ tremity. Lancer,* lan'-sfir, s. One who lances, or who carries a lance I.ancet, lan'-get, 8. A surgical insmiment, sharp- pointed and two-edged ; used in venesection, and m opening tumours, ahscesses. &c.; a high and narrow window, pointed like a lancet.—ZanceZ-arcA is a narrow pointed Gothic arch. liANrE-woon, 'anse'-trood, s. The English name of the plant Ountteria virgata. Lanch, idntch, v.a. To throw, as a lance ; to dart. See T.-atnch. LANcirERors, lan-si/'-er-us, a. Hearing a lance. Lanciform, lan'-se-fawrm, a. Having the form of a lance Lancinate, lan'-st-nate, y.a. To tear; to rend; to lacerate, Lancihatton, lan-ge-M^-shun, s. Tearing; laceration. Land, land,s. Earth, or the solid matter which con¬ stitutes the fixed part of the surface of the globe, in distinction from water; ground, soil, or the super¬ ficial part of the earth ; real estate; a tiation or people.— To make the land. In seamen's language, is to discover land from sea as the ship appmaehes it.—7’a shut in the land, to lose sight of the land left, by the intervention of a point or promontory.—To set the land, to see by the compass how it beai*s from the ship.— Land o' the Lea! /S(!ot.), place of the faithful or blessed ; heaven.— Land-breeze, a current of air setting from the land toward the 8Qa.—Land flood, an over¬ flowing of land by water; an inundation.—Zanrf- force, a military force, army, or troops serving on mnd.-Laud-yabel, or land-gavel, a tax or rent issuing out of \and.-Land-jobber, a man who makes a busi¬ ness of buying land on sp«'Culation.—Zaad-o^mer, the proprietor of land.—La»irf-reet>e, a person who assists the stew'ard on a large estate.—ZanfLrafZ a migratory bii’d, the Corncrake.—Zid'-laxvrd, 8. The lord of a manor or of land , the owner of land or houses who has tenants under him . the master of an inn or tavern L-YNDT-ciiBER, land -lub-ber, s. See Landloper. Lani)m.an. Za/id'-mau, 8. A man who lives land. Landmark, land'-mdrk boundary of land i or servos on A mark to de.signate the - any fixed object, by which tli« extent of a farm or district is marked -In navigation. any elevated object on land that serves as a guide tc seamen. Land-roll, land'-rolcy 8. A clod crusher and steam presser Landscape, taruff’Skapty s. A diversified portion ol country whicn the eye can comprehend in a single LANDSLIDE [ 663 ] LAPIDIFY 'View'; a picture exhibiting the diversified scenery oi a country.— Landscape gardening is the art of laying out grounds, and airanging trees, shrubbi'i'y, ox., m such a manner as to produce the most pleasing effect. La.ndslp e, land' -slide. Is. A portion of a hill or moim- Landslip, land'-sHp, j tain which slips or slides down . , j Landsman, land^-nian, s. One who lives on the land ; oppo«ied to seaynan .— In nautical phraseology, a sailor on board a ship who has not before been at sea, and is not competent to the ordinary duties of a seaman. LanostrEIGHT, t lond'-strate, s. A narrow slip of land. Landsti rm, 8. A local militia of Prussia, which never leaves its own district, and is only called out in case of actual invasion. Landward, land'-wawrd, ad Toward the land. Lanpwehr, /awrf'-trare, s. The militia of the German states, especiallv of Prussia and Austria. Lane, s A narrow w'ay or passage, distinguished from a oublic road or highway ,■ a passage between lines oi men, or people standing on each side. Lanoraoe, Inna'-graje, 1 s. A kind of shot consisting Langrel, Xang-grel, ) of spikes, nails, &c., bound together, and used for tearing sails and rigging. Langsettle, lang'-set-tl. s. A long bench to sit on. Langsyne, I'dng-sine', ad. (Scot.) Long ago. LANOTERALoo,t lang-ter'd-ioo\ s. An old game at cards. ^ , Language, lajig'-gtcgje, s. The expression of ideas by words or significant articulate sounds, for the com¬ munication of thoughts; speech, tongue, or idiom; words (inly arranged in sentences, written, printed, or engraved, and exhibited to the eye ; the speech or expression of ideas peculiar to a particular nation ; any manner of expressing thougiits, as the language of the eye, or of flowers— Language-master is one whose profession is to teach languages. Langl aged, laug'-gicaa^tc7is, liver-stone.—X. infetHalis, lunar caustic.—X. lazuliy azure stone, an aluminous mineral of a rich blue colour.—X. lydius. touch-stone, a variety of silicious slate.—X. nephriticus, neplirite, a mineral.—X. oUaris, pot-stone.—X. petrncorius, peri- gord stone, used to colour black glass.—X. prunellce, sal prunellae, made of melted nitre and flowers of sul- ph^. —L. pumex, pumice-stone, a light stone wliich swims on water, and is used as a polishing powder. Lapith.®, lap'-e-lhe, s.pl. In mythology, a people of Thessaly, chiefly known from their contests with the Centaurs. Lapling. lap'-Hng, s. One who indtilges In ease and Sfeii^ual delights. Lapmude, lap -meicdj s. A di’ess made of reindeer’s skin. Lappa, lap’-pa, s. A kind of Italian brocade. Lapped, lapt, pp. of the verb to lap. Lapper, lop'-per, s. One who laps; one who wraps or folds ; one who takes up with his tongue. Lappet, /ajrZ-juei, 8. Apart of a garment or dre^ that hangs loosely ; a broad string to a lady’s cap or head¬ dress. Lapping^ lap’-ping^ 8. A kind of machine blanket or wrapping material used by calico-printers, &c.— Lapping engine is a doubling machine, or engine for making fold>, &c. Lappior, lap'-pe-ur, s. A miner who dresses the refuse ores which are left. I.APSABLE, lap'-sd-bl, a. That may fall or relapse. Lapse, laps, s. A sliding, or flowing; a smooth course ; I asbp; an error; a fault; a failing in duty; a slight deviation from truth or rectitude.-r-In ecclesiasiual law, the slip or omission of a patron to present a clerk to a benefice within six months after it becomes void. —In theology, the fall or apostasy of Adam. — v.n. To pass slowly silently, or by degrees ; to slide or slip in moral conduct; to fail in duty; to deviate from rectitude ; to fall or pass from one proprietor to another, by the omission or negligence of the patron ; to fall from a state of innocence, or from truth, faith, or perfection. Lapsed, /upsi, pp. or a. Fallen; passed from one pro¬ prietor to another by the negligence of the patron.— Lapsed legacy, &. legacy whiph lapses to the heirs at law from the death of a legatee, or other cause. Lapsided, lap'-si-ded, a. Having one side heavier than the other, as a ship. Lapstone, lap'-stone, s. A shoemaker’s stone, placed on the knees, on Avhich he haniniei*8 his leather. I.APwiNo, laj^-wing, s. A bird of the Eastern continent, of the Plover family. I/APwoRK, lap'-ivurk, s. AVork in which one part laps over another. Lar, ictr, s., pi. Lares. (Lat.) A household deity. Larboard, Idr'-borde, s. The left-hand side of a ship when a person stands with his face to the head; opposed to starboard. — a. Pertaining to the left-hand side of a ship. Larceny, ldi‘'-8e-ne, s. Theft; the act of taking and carrying away tlie goods or personal property of an¬ other feloniously. Larch, Idrtsh^ s. The common name of a division of the genus ptmts, or fir tribe, which is now extensively cultivated in Scotland. Xard, lUrd. s. The fat of swine, after being melted and separated from the flesh ; bacon , the flesh of swine.— Lard-oil, the oil obtained from lard. — v.a. To stuff with bacon or pork; to fatten; to enrich. v.n. To grow fat. iRD.ACEous, ldr-da'‘she’V,8j a. Of the nature of lard consisting of lard Tjarded, i^r'-ded, pp. of the verb to lard. Larder, Idr'-der, s. A room where meat and othe? articles of food are kept before they axe cooked. Larderer, lm''-aer er, s. One who has the charge of the larder. Lardon , liir'-don, s. (Fr.) A bit of bacon. Lardry,± Zar'-dre, 8- A larder. Lares, la'-res, s.pl. The domestic deities of the Romans. Large, Idrj, a. Big ; bulky ; capacious ; wide ; a term applied to anytliing that exceeds the usual or common number, size, &c.; of great bulk, extent, population, amount, capacity, &c.~-At large, without restraint or confinement; diffusely; fully; in the full extent.— Large-heartedness, largeness of heart; liberality.— Large-limbed, having large limbs. Largely, Idrj'-le, ad. Widely; extensively; amply; liberally ; bountifully ; abundantly. Largeness, Idrj'-nes, s. 3-iigness. magnitude; great¬ ness, comprehension; extent; extension; ampluude, liberality ; wideness. Largess, Vdr'-jes, a. A present; a gift or donation; a bounty bestowed. Larohetto, Idr-ghet’-to. (Ital.) In music, somewhat slowly ; a diminutive of largo. Largifical, a. Bounteous; liberal. Largifldous, Idr-jif '-hi-us, a. Flowing copiously, Larqiloquent, Idr-jiV-o-kxcent, s. Full of words. Largish ,+ ld}''-Jish, a. Somewhat large. Largition, Idr-gish'-im, s. The bestowment of a largess or gift. Largo, Idr'-go. (Ital.) A musical term directing to slow movement. Lariat, lar'-e^atjS. The lasso, a long cord or thong of leather, with a noose, used in catching wild horses, &c. Larid.e, lar*-e-de, s.pl. A sub-family of aquatic birds, the Gulls, of the family Alcadee. Lark, lark, s. The English name of the birds of the genus A'lauda fiie A. arvensis, or skylark, is remark¬ able for its lively song. — v.n. To catch larks; hence, in vulgar languagt to make sport; to sport. Lauk-finch, s. The common name of the birds of the genus Chondestes. Lark-like, lark'-like, a. Resembling a lai’k in manners. Lark’s-heel, Idrks'-hecl, s. A flower called Lidian cress. Larkspur, Idrl^-spur, s. A flowering plant of the genus delphinium. Larmier, Idi-'-me-er, s. (Fr.) The. flat, jutting part of a comice ; the eave or drip of a house. Larrid.®, s.pl. A family of Hymenopterous insects, of the class Fossores, of which the larrus is the type. Larrup, lar'-rup, v.a. To beat or flog. {Vulgar.) L.arry, laV-re, s. An empty wagon or tmek on a railway. Larum, lar'-um, s. Alarm; a noise giving notice of danger. Larus, la'-rus, s. A class of aquatic birds, compre¬ hending the sea-gull, sea-mew, &c. Larva, Idr'-vd, s. (Lat.) An insect in the caterpillar or grub state. L.vrval, Idr'-val, a. Belonging to a larva. Larvated, Idr'-va-tcd, a. Masked; clothed as with a mask. Laryngeal, Id-rin'-je-al, ) a. Pertaining to the Laryngean, Id-rin'-je-an.) larynx. Laryngismus, lar-in-ji^-mus, s. In pathology, the affection commonly called spasmodic croup. Laryngitis, lar-in-ji'-tis, s. An inflammation of the larynx. Larynqophony. lar-in gof'-o-ne, s. The sound of tlie voice as heard through tlie stethoscope. Laryngotomy, lar-in got'-o-me, ». The operation of cutting into the larynx.. Larynx, lar'-rinks, s. (Gr.) In anatomy, the upper part of the wuidpipe or trachea, a cartilaginous cavity, serving to modulate the sound of the voice. Jja.sca.k, Uis'-kdr, s. In the East Lndies, a term ap»Dlied to native sailors. Lascivious, las-siiZ-e-us, a. Wanton ; lewd ; luxu¬ rious. Lasciviously, las-sW-e-us-le, ad. Ixiosely; wantonly. ; Lasciviousness, las-siV-e-xis-nes, b. Looseness; liTCgtt- 1 lar indulgence of animal desires; wantonness. LASE [ 5G5 ] LATITAT 3*138, lose, 8. A land measnie of 324 square feet used in Cornw^l. * 1,0 Liserwort, las'-er-wurt, s. The common name of the herbaceous plants belonging to the genus Lasei- LisH,“ofh, 8. The thong or braided cord of a whip 1 a stroke with a whip; a stroke of satire, a sarcasm, an expression or retort that cuts or gives pain, ja leash or string. — v.a. To strike with a lash or^ anything pliant, to whip or scourge ; to throw up with a sudden jerk ; to beat, as with something loose ; to dash against; to tie or bind with a rope or cord ; to secure or lasten by a string ; to satirize ; to censure with seT^nty. , _Y.n. To ply the whip ; to strike at .—To lash out is to he extravagant or unruly. JjKsn-BT), lasht, pp. of the verb to lash. Lashee, lash'-er, s. One who whips or lashes. Lasher, Zas/i'-er, Is. A piece of rope for binding or Lashing, lash'-ing ,) making fast one thing another. Lashfree, lash'-fre, a. Free from the stroke of L.AsmNG, lash’-ing, s. Castigation or chastisement; extravagance ; unniliness; rope for packages. LAsk.,+iasA, 8. A laxity ; a looseness, or flux. Lass, Zfls, s. A young woman; a girl.—Zassie is some¬ times used particularly in Scotlpd. • Lassitude, las'-se-teivd, s. Weariness; weakness, heaviness; languor of body or mind. Lasslorn, las'-lawrn, a. Forsaken by his lass or Lasso, las'-so, s- A rope or cord, with a noose, used for catching wild horses, &c. , . liAST, last, a. That comes after all the othei*s m time , the latest ; hindmost; utmost; ultimate ; ’ lowest; meanest.—Ai last, at the end.—To the last, to the end ; till the conclusion. — ad. The last time; the time before the present, in ^comjlUj^o In time ; to endure ; to remain in existence ; to continue unimpaired ; to hold out. — s A load; a certain weight or measure, generally estimated at 4000 lbs., hut varying in different articles; a mould or form of the human foot, made of wood, on which shoes are formed. x- ♦ -i 4. ^ Lastaoe,! las'-^aje, s. A duty paid for freight or trans¬ portation ; ballast; the lading of a ship. Lastaged, las'-tgje'd, a. Kallastcd. Lastery,! las'-te-re, s^ Ared colour. JiASTERY,! ttis-te-re, s. rv icia . j • _ Lasting, ppr. Continuing in time ; enduring. — a. Of Ions? continuance ; durable ; permanent. ^ s Enduiwce; a species of smooth woollen stuff used in making shoes.—In shoemaking, the process of drawing the upper leather smooth and straight; a woollen fabric used in making womea’s shoes. Lastingly, las'-ting-le, ad. Durably; with continu- Lastingnf.ss, la^-'ting-nes, s. Durability; the quality or state of long continuance. . _ liASTLY , ad. In the last place; in the conclu¬ sion; finally. , j.. j at,*, I,A^T-MENTioNED, last'-Tncn-shund, a. Mentioned the I.ATCH, latsh, s. A small piece of iron or wood for fastening a door. - v.a. To fasten with a latch; to fasten. ^ , , x. ^ Latch-key, latsh'-ke, s. A key used to raise the latch of a door. • La-, ties, latsN-ez, s.pl. Small Unes like loop^. used in coi '.ectin?! the head and foot of a sail. Latchi.t, latsh'-it, s. The string that fastens .a shoe. Late, late, a. Coming after the usual time, slow; tai-dv ; long delayed ; existing not long ago, but now decayed, departed, or deceased ; not long past; recent, modern. ad. After the usual time ; not long ago ; lately ; far in the night, day, week, or other particular penod.— Of late, lately, in time not long past.—Too late, not in due time. Lated,$ Zo'-tfd, a. Being too late. Lateen, Id-teen’, a. In nc.vtaation, applied to a tri¬ angular sail extended by a long yard, called a latem yard, much Inclined to the horizon, and used in the Mediterranean. Lately, ad. Not long ago ; recently. Latency, la'-ten-se,^. The stnte of being concealed; abstruseness. . * , > Latencxs, laU'-nes, s. The slate of l^ing tardy, or of coming after the usukl time; time far advanced- in any particular period. , , . • -v.^ Latent la'-tent, a. Hid; concealed; not visible or "apparent.—iaienf heat is heat which enters into a body while changing its form from a solid to a liquid, or from a liquid to a vapour or gas, without altering its temperature. .. Latently, la'-tent-le, ad. In a latent manner ; secretly. Later, la-ter, a. Posterior; subsequent. — 8. A brick or tile. ,. Laterai, lat'-er-al, a. rertaimng to or proceeding LfxERALJ^T.f lat-er-ai'-e-is, 8. The quality of having ad. By the side: sideways; in the direction of the side. , Lateran, lat'-er-an, s. One of the churches at Romo with a palace, &c., annexed to it, named from tn owner of the ground in Nero's time. Here the Councils of the iSateran were held. Latere, lat'-er-e, s. A pope’s legate or envoy ; usually written a latere, because presumed to be sent con¬ fidentially from the pope’s side. Latered,± laf'-ierd, a. Delayed. ^ Latbrifolious, lat-er-e~fo'-le-us, a- In hotany, growing on the side of a leaf at the base. Lateritious, lat - er - ish '- MS , a Like bricks; of the colour of bricks. ^ ^ Latewarp, ad. Somewhat late. Latex, la'-teks,s. The vital fluid or returning sap of plants; vegetable milk. - •, -i^a 4-^ Lath, ldth,s. A thin, narrow slip of wood nailed to the rafters of a building to support the til^ or cover¬ ing, or nailed to the studs, to support the plaster. —(Sax.) A part or division of a county. — v.a. To cover or line witli laths. . . ^ . Lathe, lathe, s. A machine by which instruments of wood, ivory, metals, and other materials are turned and cut into a smooth, round form. Lathed, I'dthd, pp. of the verb to lath. Lather, lath'-er, v.n. To form a foam with water ana soap ; to become froth, or frothy matter. — v.a. To spread over with the foam of soap. _ g. Foam or froth made by soap nioistened with water, or produced from profuse perspiration. Lathered, tath'-erd, pp. of the verb to lather. ^ Lath-render, I'dth-ren'-der, s. A cutter of wood into laths, which wood consists of the outside cuttings oi fir-trees. ^ Lath-work, lath'-"tourk, 8. Thin battend work at the sides or ceilings of rooms, for receiving plaster. Lathy, Idth'-e, a.. Thin as a lath; long and slenaer. Latibulize, v.n. To retire into a den or cavity, and lie dormant in winter; to retreat and he LATmLAVE, taf-e-klave, s. A distinctive badge worn by Roman senators. _ , , Laticostate, lat-e-ko^-tate, a. Broad-ribbed. Jj^xidentATE, lat-e-den'-tate, a. Broad-toothed. Latifolious, lat-e-fo'-le-us, a. Broad-leafed. Latin laf-in, a. Pertaining to the Latins, a people ot Latium, in Italy; Roman.—Xaiin Church, the 'Westem or Roman Catholic Church. — s. The language of the ancient Romans; an exer¬ cise in schools, which consists in t urnin g English into Latin. ^ ,_, Latinism, laf-m-tzm, s. A Latin idiom; a mode o» speech peculiar to the Latins. Latin iHT, s. One skilled in Latin. Latinity, lA-tin'-e-te, s. Purity of the Latm style or idiom , the Latin tongue. , . 8. • Latinize, lat ' in - ize . v.a. To give to foreign words Latin terminations, and make them Latin. — v.n. To use words or phi’ases borrowed from the La^nIzed, laf-in-ize'd, pp or a. Made into or bor¬ rowed from the Latin . j t, w Latirostrous, lat-e-rQs'-trus, a. Having a broad beak, as a bird. , ^ . Latish,/ a'-itsh, a. Somewhat late. Latitascy, /a^'-e-^an-se,s. Thestate of lying concealed. or lurking. , , . , . ^ „ LATiTANT,t lat'-e-tant, a. Lurking; lying hid; con¬ cealed. Latitat, lat'-e-tat, 8. (Lat.) A writ by which a per- son is summoned into the Queen’s Bench, there to answer a plaint, under the supposition that be net concealed in some neighbouring county. LATITATION C 666 LAVEEK Latitation, lai-$-ta’-shun, 8. An absconding, or Ivinff in concealment. ® Latitode,8 . Jlroadtii; w'idlh; extent from 8Kle to side , room ; space , extent of moaning or con- spnietion , indeftnite acceptatidn , extent of deviation r**flobe, north <»r south of the equator Lines of latitude, denoting the distance from the equator, are unift»rmly marked on globes and maps. ij.^iTeDXNAL, lat-e-tew'-de-nal, a. Pertaining to lati- tude , in the direction of latitude. Latitl'DINAR iAN, lat-e-tew-de-iia'-re-an, a. Not re- Stiained . not confined by precise limits, thinking or acting at large , lax In religious pnnciples or views — s. On«' who IS a moderate thinker, and not restrained by settled limits in opinion.— In theology, one who de¬ parts ID opinion irom the strict prim iples of ortho- I indulges an undue latitude of thinking and interpretation. LatitudinA aiAN18M, lot-e-tew-de-nc^-re-ajh-izm,^. Free¬ dom or laxness of opinion on abstract points; indif¬ ference to religion. Latitcdinoos, Int-e-teuZ-de-nus^ a. Having latitude, or large extent. ’ Latrant, la'-tranty a. Barking. Latrate 4 la'-trate, v.n. To hark as a dog. LATRATioN,i: Ih-tra'-shnn, s. The act of barking. Latria, la-tri'-d, s. • ^Gr.) The highest kind of wor- slup, or that paid to God ; distinguished by the Roman Catholics from dulia, or reverence. L.atrobite, latf-ro-hite, s. A Labrador mineral, allied to feldspar. Latrocint lat'-ro- 8 in-e, s. Theft; larceny. LATRL'NcuLAroR,f la-trung-ku-la'■ tuT, s. (Lat.) The uame of an assize judge. LATRt'NcnLi, Id-iruncf ku-li, s.pl. A game among the Romans, similar to our modern game of chess. Latten, lat'-ten, s. A kind of fine brass, used for crosses, &c., sheet tin , iron plate, tinned over.— ten-brass are plates of milled brass, sometimes called latten.—Latten-wire is wire made from tlie plates. Latter, faf'-icr, a. Coming or happening after some- thing else ■, modern ; lately done or past. Latterly, laf-ter-le, ad. Of late; ui time not lon^ past, lately. ° IjAtter-m.ath, lat'-tev-nuith, s. The latter mowing* the after-math. ® * Lattice, s. A window reticulated, or made of .dttice-work ; any work of wood or iron, made by ♦ crossing laths, rods, or bars,and forming open souares like network, n ^ ^ - a. Consisting of cross pieces; furnished with lattice- M'ork. “ v.a. To form with cross bars and open work ; to fur lush with a lattice. Latticed, lai'-tist, pp. or a. Furnished with a lattice. LADD,-f lawdy 8. Praise ; commendation ; an extollin^^ in words, honourable mention; that part of divine worship which consists in praise ; music or singiiia- in honour of any one. ® — y.a To praise in words alone, or with words and singing, to celebrate. a. Praiseworthy; commendable; healthy ; salubricms. ’ Laudableness, law'-dd-bUneSy s. The quality of deserv- mg praise, praiseworthiness. Laudably, law'-dd-ble. ad. In a manner deserving praise. * I.AUDANUM, Jaic'-rf(i-nwm, s. Opium prepared in spirit or wine . tincture of opium. ^ liAUDATioN, s. Praise; honour paid. L.AUDATivE,t law'-dd-tiv, s. A panegyric ; a eulogy. Laudatory,/ rtio'-dd-enr-e, a. Containing praise • tend¬ ing to praise. — s. Tliat which contains praise. Lauder, lau/ s. One who praises. L.4CQH, taf, v.n To make the noise and exhibit the leatures which (tenerai amusement or sudden mirth creates.-In poe/rj/, to appear gay, cheerful, or bril- liaiit .—To laugh at, to ridicule. — T.JU To ridicule or deride.— 2 b laug^ to scorn, to deride ; to treat with mockery. — 8 . Aji expression of sudden mirth peculiar to the humim species. a. Tliat may justly excite laugh¬ ter • ridiculous; ludicrous J fe ; LATioHABLENE88,?n'/’- law, the institution's of Moses.— Ceremonial law, the Mosaic Institutions which prescrihe the external rites and ceremonies ; the doctrines and precepts of God. or his revealed will , the Old Testament.— Martial Injc em¬ bodies the ru^ps ordained for the government of an army.— Marine laws are rules for the regulation of navigation, a,.d the commercial intercourse of nations. —Commercial Iniv, or law merchant, is the system of rules hv which trade and commeroinl intercourse are regulated between merchants.—Laic language, the language used in legal writings and forms — Law- writer, an engrosser . a clerk employed to copy briefs, deeds, &c. — Civil and CriminaJ law ; see Civil and CllfMINAL. Ii.Aw-BHEAKER.?a7c'-^rafc#*- lay about, to strike or throw the arms on all sides ; to act with vigour.—To lay at, to strike, or to endeavour to strike.— To lay in for, to make over¬ tures for; to engage or secure the possession of.—To lay on, to strike ; to beat; to deal blows with vehe¬ mence.—To lay out, to purpose; to intend.—To lay upon, to wager upon. — s. That which lies or is laid ; a row; a stratum ; a layer; a meadow'; a plain or plat of grass land; a song; a kind of narrative poem among the ancient minstrels; ta wac’er; $ station. — a. Pertaining to the laity or people, as distinct from the clergy; not clerical. — pret. of the neuter verb to lie. Lay-brother, lay-broth'~er, s. One received into a con¬ vent of monks under the three vows, but not in holy orders. Lay-glerk, s. A layman who reads the re¬ sponses of the congregation, &c., in the church-ser¬ vice. Lay-days, la'-daze, s.pl. In commerce, a certain num¬ ber of days allowed to the merchant or charterer to load or unload cargo. L.\.t-elder, lay-eV-der, s. the same as elder. Layer, la'~er, s. A stratum ; a bed; a body spread over another ; a course of stones, &c.; a shoot or twig of a plant, not detached from the stock, laid under ground for growth or propagation ; one who lays, as a hen.— Layer out is one who expends money; a steward.— Layer up, one who deposits for future use; a trea¬ surer. Layering, la'-er-ing, s. The propagation of plants by layers. Lay-vigt7rb, la-fig'-ur, s. An artist’s model; a figure made of wood or other material, in imitation of the human bot.y. Latino, la'-ing, s. The first coat on laths of plasterers’ t\yo-coat work ; the act or period of laying egg.s • the eggs laid; the process of twisting the strands of hemp into a rope. Layland, W-land, s. Land lying untilled; fallow ground. Layman, la'-man, s. A man who is not a clergyman • one of the laity or people, distinct from the clergy ; a lay-clerk.—a figure made in imitation of the human body, which serves when clothed as a model for drapery, &c. Laystall, la'-stawl, s. A heap of dung, or a place where dung is laid; a place where milch cows are kept. Lazar, 8. (Sp.) A person infected with nauseous and pestilential disease. Lazar-hodse, la'-zar-hows, s. A lazaretto; a hospital for quarantine. I-.AZAR1TE8, 1 s.pl. An order of missionaries Lazarists, Inz'-ar-ists, i in the Romish Church, esta¬ blished by St. Vincent de Paul in 1632. L.azar-like, la'-zar-like, 1 „ -r,, „ , Lazarly, la'-zar-le, ) sores ; leprous. l^ZK-RT.T, laz-Aref, Is. A public building, hos- Lazaretto, laz-Ci-ret'-to,) pital, or pest-house for the reception of diseased persons. liAZAUwoRT, la'-zar^%vurt, s. The popular English name cf some species of laserpitium, a genus of plants Lazaroni, laz-&-ro'-tie, spl. (ttal.) A class of beggars and idlers who have no permanent habita¬ tion. La7e, laztC, v.n. To live in idleness, (f'ulgar.) — v.a. To waste in sloth. (Vulgar.) Ilazilt, la'-ze-le, ad. In a heavy, sluggish manner; sluggishly. Laziness, la'-ze-nes, s. The state or quality of bein^ lazy; Indolence; sluggishness; habitual sloth; slow¬ ness. Lazing, la'-zing, a. Spending time in a sluggish in¬ action. Lazuli, laz'-u-li. See Lapis Lazuli. Xazulite, laz'-u-lite, 9. A mineral of a light, indigo- blue colour, consisting of phosphoric acid, alumina, and magnesia. Last, la'-ze., a. Dlsmclined to acti^’m or RTertion; naturally or habitually averse to labour; heavy la motion; slothful; sluggish. Let’ } I ^ meadow or sward-land. Leach, leetch, v.a. To wash, as ashes, by percolation, or causing water to pass through them, and thus to separate from them th*^ alkali. — s. A quantity of wood-ashes, through which water passes, and thus imbibes the alkali; the border or edge side of a Leach-line, a rope used for haul¬ ing up the leach of a sail.— Leach-tub, a wooden vessel or tub in which ashes are leached. L^ad, led, 8. A metal of a dull bluish-grey colour, and the least ductile, elastic, or sonorous of any of the metals; a plummet or mass of lead, used in sound¬ ing at sea; a thin plate of type-metal, used to separate lines in printing; a small cylinder of blacklcad or plumbago used in ever-pointed penciLs.— Lead-line, the lead attached to a sounding line used in ships, ■which is marked and divided into fathoms.—Xe/rrf- mill, a circular plate of lead used by the lapidary for grinding or vou^^n^.—Lead-pencil, an instrument for drawuig or making lines, made of plumbago or black- j—X<’crd-s?^o^, shot manufactured from lead.— Lead-wort, the common name for several species of plants, belonging to the genus Plumbago. — v.a. To cover with lead ; to fit with lead.—In print¬ ing, to widen the space between lines by inserting a lead or thin plate of type-metal. Lead, leed, v.a.; pret. and pp. Led. To guide by the hand; to guide or conduct by showing the way; to direct; to govern; to precede ; to draw; to entice; to allure; to induce; to prevail on; to influence ; to bias or incline. —To lead astray, to guide in a wrong "Way or into error. —To lead captive, to carry into captivity. — v.n.^ To go before and show the way; to conduct, as a chief or commander; to draw ; to have a tendency to; to exercise dominion.—2’o lead off or out, to go first; to begin. — 8. Precedence , a going before ; guidance. Leaded, led'-ed, pp. ora. Fitted with or set In lead, separated by leads, as lines in printing. Leaden, led'n,B.. Made of lead; heavy ; indisposed to action; dull. Leaden-hearted, led’n-h'dr'-ied, a. Stupid : destitute of feeling. Leaden-heeled, led'n-heeld, a. Moving slowly. Leaden-stepping, led'n-step'-ping, a. Moving slowly Leader, le'-der, s. One who leads or conducts; a guide; a conductor ; a chief; a coramanaer; a captain; one who goes first; the chief or head of a party or faction; a performer who leads a band or choir in music; a branch of ore leading to the lode ; the leading edi¬ torial article in a newspaper.—The leaders are the principal wheels in any kind of machinery; the lead ing horses in a stage-coach or other carriage. Leadership, lel-der-ship, s. Tlie state or condition of a leader. Leading, le'-ding, ppr. Conducting, or preceding. — a Chief; principal; capital; most important or influential; showing the way by going fir.'it.—In mili¬ tary matters, the leading file are the first two men of a battalion or company that marches from right, left, or centre, by files. — s. Guidance ; the act of conducting ; direction. Leading-strings, W-ding-strings, s.pl. Stnngs bv which children are supported when beginning to walk.—To be in leading-strings, to be in a state cf in¬ fancy or dependence. Leads, leds, s.pl. A flat roof covered with lead.—In printing, a terra applied to thin pieces of type-r.V’tal used by the compositor for spacing out and opening- the lines in printing. ° Leadsman, leds'-man, s. The man in a vessel that heaves the load in taking soundings. Lead WORT, led'^curt, s. In botany, the Plumbago, type of the order Plumhaginaceat. j ^ Leadi , led'-de, a. Of the colour of lead. Leaf, leef, s.; pi, T>eave 8 In botany, the green decidu¬ ous parts of plants , an expansion of the hark, or s»n, usually spiinging from the stems or buds; also the thin extended part or petal of a flower; a part of a book containing two pages, a term formerly applied to the sides of window-shutters, folding-doors. &c.; a something resembling a leaf in thinness an(^ extei.- sion; a very tbm plate; the moveable side of a table — v.D. To shoot out leaves; to produce leaves. V LEAIACtE t 669 ] LSAlHEE-DEESSER ' leayes. Lsapaqb, leef'-aj$, 8. Abundance of leaves. . LiiAj-BKiDaE, leef'-bridj, s. A drawbridge lia^g a leaf or platform on each side which rises and lalls. Leaf-bud, leef'-lud, s. The rudiment of a young branch, or a growing point covered with rudimentary leaves, called scales. ^ •, Leaf-cbowned, leef'-krotvndy a. Crowned "With leaves or foliage. .. . , Leaf-fat, leef-faty 8. The fat which lies in leaves or layers witliin the body of an animal.^ Tjeafiness, lee/'-e-nes, s. A state of being full of leaves. I.EiFiNn, leef-ing, 8. The process of uafoldinj JjEAF-LAiiD, leef'-lUrd, 8. Lard made of leaf-fa' Leafless, iee/'-tes, a. Destitute of leaves. l.E \flessness, leef -le^-nes, s. Destitution of leave^ Tii'AFi.ET, leef'-tety s. A little leaf.—In botanyy one of the divisions of a compound leaf; a foliole. I.*' af-metal, leef-fnct'~al, 8. A metallic leafy prepara¬ tion, generally consisting of copper, zinc, or tm, and cliiefly used for giving a cheap and brilliant surface to metal and other substances. * Lwaf-stalk., 8. The petiole or stalk which supports a leaf. , , ,r r. * Leafy, leef'-e. a. Pull of leaves ; as the leafy forest. Le.aoue, leeg, s. (Fr.) A contract between princes or states ; union oi two or more parties for the purpose of promoting their mutual interest; confederacy.— (Ital.) A measure of length, containing three miles ; originally a stone erected on the public roads at cer¬ tain distances, like our mile-stores.^ _ , -3 — v.n. To unite in a contract of amity for mutual aid or defence ; to confederate. Leagued, leegd, pp. or a. United m mutual compact; confederated. . . , Leaguer, leeg'~er, s. One who unites in a league confederate; tmvestment of a town or fort by an l^^l^Jleek, 8. An aperture, crevice, or fissure, in a vessel that admits water, or permits a fluid to escape ; the oozing or passing of water or other fluid through a Assure or aperture.—To spring a leak is to open or crack so as to let in water. _ — v.n. To let water or other liquor mto or out of vessel, through a hole or crevice.—To leak out, to find vent; to escape privately ' t rr I rw 1 oolf ' a. A li jiniior that enters or issues by leaking; an allowance, ill commerce, of a certain rate per cent, for the leak¬ ing of casks. . . , Leaking, leek'-ing, s. The oozing or passmg of a liquid through an aperture. Leaky leekf-e,a,. That admits water or other liquor to pass in or out; apt to disclose secrets ; tattling. Leal, leel, a. (Scot.) Faithful; ti-ue.—TAe land of the leal, the place of the faithful; heaven. . Leam, leem, s. A string to lead a dog; an artiflcial cut or drain in a fen district. Leamer, leem'-er, s. A dog ; a kmd of hound. ^ Lean, leen, v.n. To deviate or move from a straight or perpendicular line; to incline or tend toward; to be in a bending posture* — v.a. To incline; to cause to lean.—(Icel.) $ To con¬ ceal. , . , , — a. "Wanting flesh ; not fat; thin, spare^ or slender ; destitute of good qualities, or of that winch improves or entertains; barren of thought; jejune.—(Icel.) Low; poor. . a. >. i — s. That part of flesh winch consists of muscle without the fat. _ . ^ * Lean-faced, leen'-fayst, a. Havmg a thm face.—Among applied to letters which have not their lull breadth. , . . a. Leaninq, lem'-ing, ppr. or a. Inclming; causing to Lea^'v, leen'-le, ad. Meagrely; -without fat or plump- Leawness, leen'-nes, fl. Absence of fat, or want of flesh ; thinness of body; meagreness; want of matter; poverty.—In Scriptxire, want of grace and spiritual comfort. , , Lean-to, leen'-tOy s. A part of a building which appears to lean on the main building. Lean-witted, leen'-wit-ted, a. Havmg but little sense or shrewdness. Leany,± leen'-e, a. Alert; brisk ; active. Lea-p, leapy v.n. To spring or rise from the ground, as man or other animal; to jump; to vault; bound • to skip; to start. to Leap, v-a. To pass over by leaping; to spring or bound from one side to the other. _ s. A jump; a spring; a boimd; space passed by leaping; copulation of animals; $a basket; a wed for flsh. ^ ^ , AT. Leaped, leept, or lepty pp. Jumped; passed over by Leaper, leep'-eTy s. One who leaps ; applied to a horse that leaps well. ^ ^ • -u- v Leapfrog, leep '- frog , 8 . A play among boys, in which one stoops down and another leaps oyer lum. Leaping, feep'-uig, 8 . The act of jumping or passing by a leap. Leapingly, leep '- ing-le , ad. By leajis. .. i • „ Leap-year, leej/-yecr , *. Bissextile, a year containing 366 days ; every fourth year, which leaps a day more than a common year. LearaS, lerny v.a.; pret. and pp. Learned or Learnt To acquire knowledge or ideas of something before unknown; to acquire skill in anything; to gain by practice a faculty of performing ; $to teach ; to com¬ municate the knowledge of something before un¬ known (still in vulgar use). — v.n. To gain or receive ksiowledge ; to receive in¬ struction ; to take pattern; to receive information or intelligence. Learned, iernd, 1 verb to learn. Learnt, lernt, j Learned, lern'-edy a. Versed in literature and science skilful; well acquainted with arts; knowing, witii * 71 ; containing learning, as a discourse; versed in scholastic, as distinct from other knowledge.—The learned, men of erudition ; literati. Learnedly, lern'-ed-le, ad. "With learning or erudition; with skill. Learnedness, lern'-ed-nes, s. State of being learned. Learner, lern'-er, 8. A person who is gaming know¬ ledge from instruction, reading, or study, or who is in the rudiments of any science or art. Learning, lern'-mg, s. The knowledge of principles or facts received by instruction or study; erudition; scholarship; literature ; knowledge or ideas acquiredi in any branch of science or literature. Leasable, leece'-d-bl, a. That may be leased. Lease, leece, s. A demise or letting of lands, tenements-, or hereditaments to another for life, for a term oT years, or at will, for a rent or compensation reserved , also, the contract for such letting; any tenure by grant or permission. — v.a. To let; to demise ; to grant the temporary pos¬ session of lands, tenements, or hereditaments to another for a rent reserved. Lease, i leezey v.n. To glean ; to gather what harvest- men have left. Leased, leece'd, pp. or a. Demised or let, as lands or tenements. Leasehold, leece^-hoaldy a. Held by lease. — 8. A tenure held by lease. Leaseholder, leece. -hoald-er , s. A tenant under a lease. Leaser, leez'-ery s. A gleaner; a gatherer after reapers. Leash, leesh, s. A thong of leather, or long line, by which a falconer holds his hawk, or a courser his dog. —Among sportsmen, a brace and a half; tierce; three; three creatures of any kind, especially grov- hounds, foxes, bucks, and hares.—A band wherewith to tie anytliing. — v.a. To bind ; to hold by a strmg. Leasing,^ leez'-ing, s. Falsehood; lies. I4EAS0,$ W-«o, 8 . A pasture. Least, leest. a.; superl. of Little, Less. Smallest, littls beyond others. — ad. In the smallest or lowest degree; in a degree below aU others.—Af least, at the lowest degree.—Tft# least, in the smallest decree. Least, lee'-ze, a. Thin ; flimsy. LEAT,t leet, 8. An artificial trench to conduct water to or from a mill. Leather, leth'-er, s. The skin of an animal dressed and prepared for use; dressed hides in general. —The Leather-sellers' Compa7iy is one of the livery companies of London, whose hall is in St. Helen’s-placc. -7- a. Leathern ; consisting of leather. — v.a. To beat; to lash, as with a thong of leather (Vulgar.) . Leather-coat, leth'-er-kote, 8. An apple with a tough rind. ^ Leather-dresser, leth'-er-dref-ser, 6. One who,dresses- leather, or prepares hides for use. LEATHEE-JACKET [ 670 ] LEa LEiTHBR-jiOKET, liM-er-jaW-et, s. A tlsh of the Tacillc Ocean. Leather-motjthed, XeiK-er-mowthdy a. In ichthyology, an epithet applied to fish which have their teeth in tlie throat. • Le.athern, leth'-ern, a. Made of leather ; consistinff of leather. ° Le.».thrr-seller, leth’-tr-^eV-ler, 8. A seller or dealer in h'ather. Leather- wi^NGED, leth'-er-xoingd, a. Having wings like leather , an epithet applied to a bat. hzk’iu'KK'z, Uth'-er-e, ta. Resembling leather ; lough. Leave, leev^ s. Penn^ioii , license , liberty granted by wliicli restraint or illegality is removed ; ceremony of departure; a formal parting of friends, as to take leave — v.a., pret. and pp. Lett. To withdraw or depart from, to quit for a longer or shorter time inaefi- nitely , to forsake; to abandon ; to commit or trust to, as a deposit, or to suffer to remain, to bequeath; to permit without interposition; to cease to do; to desist from ; to forbear , to refer; to commit for deci¬ sion .—To be left to one's self, to be deserted or forsaken; to be permitted to follow one’s own opinions or desires -—To leave off, to desist from; to cease wearing, as clothes ; to forsake .—To leave out, to omit. — v.n. To cease; to desist .—To leave off,to cease; to desist. Leave-taking, leev'-ta-king, s. A separating; parting compliments. liEAVKi), leevd (from Leaf), a. Furnished with foliage or leaves . leafed. Leaven, lev'n, s. A mass of sour dough, which, mixed with a large quantity of dough or paste, produces fermentation, and renders it light; anything which makes a general change in the mass. — y.a. To excite fermentation in , to raise and make liglit, as dough ; to taint; to imbue. Leavened, pp. or a. Raised and made light by fermentation. Leavening, le^n-ing, s. That which leavens. Lea VENOUS, lev'n-us, a. Containing leaven ; tainted. Leaver, leetZ-er, s. One who leaves or forsakes. Leaves, leeves, s. Plural of Leaf. Leaviness, 8. State of beUig full of leaves: leafiness. Leavings, leeiZ-ings, s.pl. Things left; remnant: relics; refuse, offal. Leavt, lee'-ve, a. Pull of leaves ; leafy. Lecher, Utsh'-er, s. A man given to lewdness. — v.n. To practise lewdness. Lecherous, letsh'-er-us, a. Addicted to lewdness ; lust¬ ful. Lecherous-ly, letsh'-er-us~le, ad. Lustfully ; lewdly. Leg HERO usN ESS, letsh'-er~us'7ies, s. lyust, or strong* pro¬ pensity to indulge the sexual appetite. Lechery,/ efs/i'-er-e, s. Lewdiiess; free indulgence of lust. Lection, lef^-shun, s. A reading; a difference or va¬ riety in copies of a manuscript or book ; a lesson or portion of Scripture read in divine service. Lectionart , lek''Shun-A-re, s. The Roman Catholic ser- vice-book, containing portions of Scripture. Lector leA-iur, s. (Lat.) A reader; one designated to read the Hible in the ancient churches. Lectual, iekt’~yu~al,a.. In pathology, an epithet applied to such diseases as require confinement to bed. Lecture, s. A discourse read or pronounced on any sufyect, a reading ; a magisterial reprimand : a formal reproof — y.n To read or deliver a formal discourse ; to prac¬ tise reading lectures for insMTiction. — v.H. To insrruui by discourses . to instruct authori¬ tatively . to reprove. Lectcrkd, lekr yurd, pp. of the verb to lecture. Lecturer, lekt -yur-er , s- One who reads oV pronounces lectures, a professor or an instructor who delivers formal discEGEND. fe'-jend, s. Any memorial or relation ; an in¬ credible, unauthentic narrative; a chronicle or regis¬ ter of the lives of saints, formerly read at matins, and at the refectories of religious houses . the motto or words placed round the field of a medal or coin. — V a. To tell or narrate, as a legend. Legendary, le' jen-dd-re, a. Consisting of legends; fabulous ; strange. — 8. A book of legends; a relater of legends. I,EGER,+ lej'-er, s. Anything that lies in a place ; that which rests or remains.—A Leger-book, a book that lies in the counting-house. See Ledger. —In music, a Leger-line is a line added to the staff of five lines, when more lines than five are wanted, for designating notes ascending or descending. Legeb-demain , lej-er-de-mane\ 8 . Sleight of hand; a deceptive performance which depends on dexterity of hand. Leger.ity,$ le-jer*-e-te, s. Lightness; nimbleness. LEGGE,t leg, v.a. To lay. Legged, legd, or leg'-ged, a. Having legs ; used in coniposiiion, as a vwo-legged animal. Leggers, leg’-gers, s.pl. Men employed in conveying a barge through a canal tunnel, by means of pushing with their legs against the side walls. Legging, leg'-ging, s. A cover for the leg like a long gaiter. Leghorn, leg'-hawrn, 8. The name of the Tuscan plait for bonnets and hate. Legibiuty, lej-e‘hiV-e-te,\%. The quality or state of T,eoiblenes8, l^'-e~bl-nes, f being legible, or easy to be read. Legibi.e, lei'-e-bl, a That may be read ; consisting of letters or figures that may be readily distinguished. Legibly ,ad. Tn such a manner as may be read. Legion, le'-jun, s. Among the ancient Romans, divided into cohorts, companies, and centuries, and consisting of different numbers at different periods; a military force ; a great number .—Legion of honour, an order instituted in France, by Napoleon, as a reward for merit, both civil and military. Legionary, W-jun-d-re, a. Relating to a legion or to legions; consisting of a legl(/a or of legions; contain* ing a great number. Legion.aby, s. One of a legion. Leoionry, le'-jun-re, 8. Body of legions. Legislate, lef-is-late, v.n. To make or enact a law or laws. Legislation, leg-is-la'-slwn, s. The act of passing a law or laws , tne enacting of laws. Legislatitb, lej'-is-la-tiv, a. Giving or enacting laws, capable of enacting laws ; pertaining to the enacting of la ws. liEoisi.AToa, lef-is-la-tur, s, A lawgiver ; one who makes laws for a state or community. LEoist.ATOKSHip, leg-is-la'-tur-ship, s. The office of a legislator. Legislatress, lej-is-la'-tres, \ s. A female whe makes Legisi.atrix, tej-is-la'-triks,] laws. Legislattre, led'-jis-late-yury s. The body of men in a state or kingdom, invested with power to make and repeal laws. Legist, le'-jist, s. One skilled in the laws. Legitimacy, le-jit’-e.-md-se, s. Lawfulness of birth genuineness ; regular sequence or deduction. Legitimate, le-jit'-e-mnte, a. Lawfully begottfen ; born in wedlock ; genuine; not false or spurious; in accord¬ ance with established law. — v.a. To make lawful; to render legitimate ; to invest with the rights of a lawful heir. Legitimately, le-jit'-e-mate-le^ ad. Lawfully; accord¬ ing to law. Legitimatbness, le-jil'-e-mnte-nes, 8. Legality; law¬ fulness ; genuineuesa. Legitimation, le-jit-e-ma'-shun, 8. The act of render¬ ing legitimate ; lawful birth. Legitimist, le-jit'-e-mist, s. One who supports legiti¬ mate authority.—In France, an adherent of the old Bourbon family. Legless, leg'-les, a. Having no legs. Legume, leg'-gume, Is. 'in botany, a pericarp or seed Legumen, ie-gu'-men,) vessel ; the pod of a legumi¬ nous plant; applied to pulse, peas, beans, &c. Leoitmin, le-gu'~min, s. A peculiar principle in the fleshy cotyledons of the seeds of papilionaceous plants; Y’egetable casein. Leguminous, le-gu'-min-us, a. Pertaining to or consist¬ ing of pulse. Lehuntite, le-hunf'ite, s. A flesh-coloured minera.l, a compact zeolite, and so called in honour of Captain Lehunt. Leiotrichan.®, /e-o-ire-lca'-ne, s.pl. (Gr.) In ornithology a sub-family of the Ampeiidce, the Fiuit-eaters, cr Silky Chatterers. Leipathtmic, Je-path-e-miky a. Fainting; tending to swooning. Leisurable^ le'-zhur-d-bl, a. Vacant of employment, not occupied. LErsuR,ABLY, leH-zhur-d-Ue, ad. At leisure; without hurry. Leisure, l^-zhur, s. Freedom from occupation or business; time free from employment. Leisurely. W-zhur-le, a. Done at leisure ; deliberate. — ad. Not in haste; slowly; deliberately. Leman Ze'-mon, s. A sweetheai't; a gallant, or a mistress. Lemanid®, le-man^-€-de, s.pl. A tribe of Fwei, with hollow fronds. LEMEjJZmn, 8. A ray of light. —i v.n. To shine. Lemma, lem’-md, s. (Gr.) In matnematics, a proposi¬ tion demonstrated for the piu’pose of being used in the demonstration of some otner proposition. Lemming, Leming lem'-ming. A kind of gna^ving mam¬ mal, the Lapland Marmot, very nearly allied to the mouse and rat. Lemnian, lem'-ne-ttfi, a. Pe?*Taining to the Isle of Lem¬ nos.—iemntan earth is a soft mineral found in the Isle of Lemnos ; also called sphragide. Lemniscata, s. (Int.) In geometry, the name of a curve in the foi-m of the figure 8. Lemon . 8 . The fruit of a tree belona-ing to the genus citrus, its Juice consisting chiefly of citric odd. —Lemon or lemon-free, the tree that produces lemons. —Salt of lemons is binoxalate of potash, or potash com¬ bined with oxalic acid.—a drink made from citric and tartaric acid Lemonade, lern-on-ode', s. A liquor consisting of lemon juice mixed with water and sweetened. Lemur, W-mur, s. A genus of quadrumanous animals, LEMUEIDiB [ 672 ] LEPTODAOTTL nearly allied to apes, &c.—(Lat.) A ^liost or spectre. —The LemureSf or Lemurs, of the Romans, were a sort of female g-enii, or evil spirits, to whom the feasts, under the name of Lemtiria, were dedicated. Lbmttrid^, le-men/-rfi-de , s.pl. A family of Q.uadru- manous animals, of which the lemur is the type. Lend, lend, v.a. To grant or supply, on condition of repayment; to furnish, in general, as aid ; to gran-t for temporary use, on condition of ultimate return; to permit to use for another’s benefit, as one’s name on a note ; to let for hire or compensation. Lendarle, lend'-&~bl, a. 'That may be lent. Lender, s. One who lends or makes a trade of putting money to interest. Lending, 8 The act of loaning; that which is lent or furnished. Length, length, s The extent of anything material from end to end ; the longest line which can be drawn through a body, parallel to its sides ; extension ; space of time . long duration ; extent; distance.—Af length, at last; at the end or conclusion. ^ v.a. To extend ; to lengthen. .ENGTHEN, lengthen, v.u. To extend in length ; to make longer; to elongate; to draw out in pronuncia¬ tion. — v.n. To grow longer; to extend in length. Lengthened, lengthTnd, pp. or a. Made longer; drawn out in length. Lengthening, le^igtNning, s. Continuation: pro¬ traction. Lengthful, length'-ful, a. Of great length in measure. .iENGTHiLT, length'-e-le, ad. At great length or extent. Lengthiness, length'-e-nes, 8. Length; the state of being lengthy. Lengthwise, length'-wize, ad. In a longitudinal direc¬ tion. Lengthy, leng*h'-e., a. Being long or moderately long; not short; not brief. Leniency, le'-ne-en-se, s. Lenity. Lenient, le^-ne-ent, sl. Softening; mitigating; emol¬ lient. — s. That which softens or assuages ; an emollient. Leniently, le'-ne-ent-le In a lenient manner. Lenipy,+ len'-e-ji, v.a. To assuage ; to soften ; to miti¬ gate. T;ENiMENT,t len'-e-ment, s. An assuasive. Lenitive, len'-e-tiv, a. Having the qu^ity of softening or mitigating, as pain or acrimony; assuasive; emol¬ lient. — s. A medicine or application that has the quality of easing pain; that which softens or mitigates; a pal¬ liative. Lenity, len'-e-te, s. Gentleness of temper; mildness of treatment; kindness; clemency. Lennock. Z«n'-noA;, a. Slender; pliable. (Local.) Leno, le-no, s. A kind of cotton gauze, used for window curtains, which is thinner and dearer than buke muslin. Lenocinant, le-no^~e-nant , a Given to lewdness. Lens, lenfi, s.; pi. Lenses. (Lat.) In optics, a piece of glass or other transparent substance, bounded on both sides by polished, spherical surfaces, or on one side by a spherical and on the other by a plane surface ; rays of light passing through it are made to change their direction, and to magnify or diminish objects at a certain distance. A convex lens converges tlie rays of light; a concave lens disperses them.—In anatomy, the term is applied to the crystalline humour of the eye. Lens-shaped, len^-shaypt, a. Having the form of a lens; lenticular. Lent, pret. and pp. of the verb to lend. —$ a. Slow ; mild. — 8. The quadragesimal fast, or fast of forty davs, which the Roman Catholic Chuich observes as a time of mortification in conmemo'ition of the miraculous lasting of Jes'is Chiist in the wilderness. It begins at Ash-Wednesd&y, and continues till Easter. Lentando, len-tdn'-do. (Ital.) In music, denotes a gradual retarding of time. Lenten, len'-twn, a. Pertaining to Lent; used in Lent; sparing. Lenticdlae .en-tik’-u-lar, a. Resembling a lentil; having the form of a double-convex lens; lenti- forra. Lentictlarej®, len-tik-U'W-re-e, s.pl. A natural order of Exogenous plants, which tmive in water or marshes. Ij^.NTicuLASt.'sr, ad. In the wantiav of a lens ; with a curve. Lbntiform, len'-te-fawnn, a. Of the form of a double- convex lens. Lentiginous, a. Freckly; scurfy. Lentigo, $ len-te'-go, s. (Lat.) A freckly eruption on the skin. Lentil, len'-til, s. A plant resembling the bean, but inferior as an edible. Lentisk, len'-fisk, > g. A tree of the genusjpt^facio, Lentiscus, leji-tis'-ktis, f the mastich-tree. LENTiTUDE.t len’~te-letvd,s. Slowness. liBNTNER, lenf-ner, s. A kind of hawk. Lento, len'-to. (Ital.) In music, denotetlve of a slow smooth, and gliding strain. Lentor, len'~tur, s Tenacity; viscousness; slowness, sluggishness. Lentous, len'-tus, a Viscous ; tenacious. Lenzinitb, le7i'-zin-ite, s. A variety of clayey mineral Leo, le'-o. (Lat.) The Lion, the fifth sign of the zodiac .—Leo minor, a constellation surrounded by Ursa major, Lynx, Cancer, and Leo. Leonharditb, le~on'-har-dite, s. A mineral of a yellow- brownish colour, which occurs crystallized, and is composed of silica, alumina, and lime. Leonine, W-o-nhie, a. Belonging to a lion; resembling a lion, or partaking of its qualities.—ieoning verses, so named from Leo, the inventor, are those the end of which rhymes with the middle ; as, “ Dat bene, dat multnm, qui dat cum munere vultum.” Leoninely, \e'-o-nme~le, ad. In the manner of a lion. Leopard, lep'-ard, s. A rapacious quadruped, of the genus felis, or Cat ^row^.-Leopard's-bn^ie is the popular n;ime of several plants of the genus aritica and doro7iicutn, — Leopard-7vood is a fancy wood ob¬ tained from one of the Palm tribe. Lepadites, lep’-d-dites, s.pl. The family of Cirripedes. or Goose Barnacles, of which the lepas', or barnacle, is the type. Lepas, le'-pas, s. The Linnaean name for the Cirripede comprising barnacles, &c. Leper, lep'-er, s. A pei*son affected with leprosy. Lepid, le^-id, a. Pleasant; jocose. Lepidine^. lep-e-din'-e~e, s.pl. A tribe of Cruciferous plants, 01 which the genus lepidiwn is the type. Lepidodendron, lep-e-do-den'-droji, s. A fossil tree, named from the scaly appearance of the stem. Lepidoid, lep'~e~doyd, s. A family of extinct fossil fishes, belonging to the Oolitic formation. Lepidoleprid.®, le.p-e~do-lep'-re-de, s.pl. A family of fishes, the Ribands, belonging to the tribe Canthi- leptes, or Mail Cheeks. Lepidolitb, lep'-id-o-lite, s. In geology, a species of the mica family, presenting a lilac or rose-violet colour. Lepidoptera, lep-e-dop'-te-rd, s.pl. An order of insects, including butterflies and moths, which possess four wings, covered with minute scales, which appear like powder. Lepidopteral, lep-e‘doj/-ter-al, \ a. Belonging to the Lepidopterous, lep-e-dopf-ter-us, / order of Lepidop- ter a. Lepodolite, lep'-o~do-lite,s. A translucent mineral of various colours, which occurs massive, and is com¬ posed of silica, alumina, potash, Uthla, and oxide of manganese. LEPORiD.ai, le-por'-e-de, s.pl. A family of Rodents, oi Glires, 6f which the lepus, or hare, is the type. Leporine, lep'-o-rine, a. Pertaining to, or having the nature of the hare. Lepra, le'-prd, s. A scaly eruption of the skin. LEpRosiTT.t le-pros'-e-te, 8. Squainousness. Leprosy, lep'-rose., s. A foul cutaneous disease. attended with violent itching. Leprous, lep'-mts, a. Infected with leprosy; covered with white scales. Leprously, lej/-rus~le- ad. In a leprous manner: infectiously. Lepbousness, lep'-rus-nes, g. State of being leprous Leptides, s.pl. ^Or.) A sub-family of Dip¬ terous insects, of the family Brachystoma, of which the Uptit is the type. Leptocephalidans, lep-to-se-faV-e-dans, s.pl. (Gr.) A family of small-headed fishes, of which the lepteee- phalus is the type. Lept^dactyl, lep-to-daW~til, e. A bird or other animal having Blender toea. LEPTOLOaY [ 673 ] LEVANT Leptoloot, lep-tdV-o-je^ 8. A minute and tedious dis¬ course on trifling things. Lept()Stomin»«, lep-to-siom*-e-ne, s.pl. The long-billed Cuckoos, a subdiviaion of the Cuculida^ or Cuckoo family. Llpus, lep' t«, 8. A genus of Rodents, tbe common Hare. Sef Lfforid*.— In astronomy^ one of the constellations situated directly under Orion. Li!RE,t leer. 8 T.earninff , lesson; lore. —t v.a. To learn ; to teax^li —t a Fmpty. iiEUNEAns./pr'-n^-6n*. s.pl A family of parasitic ani¬ mals found attacheci tr fishes, and related to the infe¬ rior grad"8 of Crustncoa. LERHY4: >er'-re, 8. Learning; a lecture; a rating. (A riistir >cnrd ) Lesion, le’-zhnn, a. A hurting ; wound ; injury. LE8S,i for Uni ess — A nogaiive or privative termination, appended to many nouns and adjectives ; as fa-herless, faithless, &.( 2 . — a. Comparative of little; smaller ; not so large or great. — ad. Not so much ; in a smaller or lower degree.^ Lessee, lessee^, s The person to whom a lease is given. LsasEN, le^n, v.a. To make less in bulk, quantity, or amount, or in degree, state, or quality; to bring down in dignity ; to diminish or reduce. — v.n. To become less in bulk, quantity, or amount; to be diminished; to become less in de^ee, quality, or ^tensity ; to diminish or decrease. Lessened, les'nd, pp. of the verb to lessen. Lesser, leaser, a. Comparative of little; less; smaller; not so large. Lesses, les’-seez, s.pl. The leavings or dung of beasts. Lesson, les'n, s. Anything read or recited to a teacher by a pupil or learner, for improvement, or such a por¬ tion of a book as a pupil learns and repeats at one time ; a portion of Scripture read in divine service ; something to be learned; precept; reproof; rebuke; instruction or truth, taught by experience. — v.a. To teach ; to instruct. Lessoned, les'nd, pp. of the verb to lesson. Lessor, les'-sur, s. One who leases; the person who lets to farm, or gives a lease. Lest, conj. For fear that. Let, let, v.a.; pret. and pp. Let. To allow or permit; to give leave or power by a positive act; to lease ; to put to hire; to grant possession and use for a compen¬ sation —In the imperative mood, let, foWowed by the finst and third persons, expresses desire or wish; by the &st person plural, exhortation or entreaty; by the third person, it implies permission or command addressed to an inferior.—$ To retard; to impede ; to interpose obstructions.— To let alone, to suffer to re¬ main without intermeddling.— To let down, to permit to sink or fall; to lower.—To let loose, to free from re¬ straint.— To let in or into, to permit or suffer to enter ; to admit.—To let blood, to open a vein and suffer the blood to flow out.—To let out, to suffer to escape; to lease or let to hire.—To let off, to discharge; to let fly, or cause to explode.—To let fly, to send forth or dis¬ charge with violence, as an arrow or stone. —$ v.n. To forbear. — s. A retarding; hindrance ; obstacle ; impediment. — A termination of diminutives; as, hanuet, a little Tillage. Letch, le.tsh, s. A leach-tub; a long, narrow swamp, in which water moves slowly. Lethal, le'-thal, a. Deadly ; mortal; fatal. Lethality, le-thaV-e-te, s. Mortality ; deadliness ; fa¬ tality. Lethargic, le-th’dr'-jik. ) a. Pretematurally in- 1 ,ethargical, le-thdr'-je-kal, ) clined to sleep; drowsy. Lethargically, le-th'dr'-je-kal-le, ad. in a morbid sleepiness. Lethargicalness, Ie.-t1idr'-je-kal~ne8,\s. Preteraatural Lethargicness, le-th'dr'-jik-nes, j or morbid sleep¬ iness. Lethargied, leth'-ar-jid, pp. or a. Laid asleep ; en¬ tranced. Lethargize, leth'-ar-Jize, )Y.a.. To make lethargic, dull, Lethargy,^ leth'~ar-je, ] or drowsy. Lethargy, leth'~ar-je, s. Preternatural sleepiness; morbid drowsiness ; continued or profound sleep, from which a person can swircely be awaked ; dulness; inaction; inattention. Lethe, le'-the, 8. In mythology, one of the rivers of the Infernal regions, whose water* were said to cause forgetfulness of the past; hence oblivion; a draught of oblivion. Lethean, Xe-thif-an, a. Inducing forgetfulness or oblivion. Lethiterotts, Xe-thif'-er-Hs, a. Deadly ; mortal; bring¬ ing death or destruction. Letter, Uf -ter, s. (from let). One who permits; tone who retards or hinders, one who gives vent, as a blood-letter. —(Vt.) a mark or character, written, printed, engraved, or painted , used as the represen¬ tative of a sound, or or an articulation of the human oreans of speech . a written or printed message , an epi.'itle , a written communication sent by post o? otherwise, the verbal expression, the literal mean kig , type . a diameter formed of metal or wood usually of metal, and used in printing books — in the plural, learning, eniiiition —a board on which pages of type are placed for distri¬ butiona post-office box for receiving {GtXors.—Letter carrxer. a postman who delivers letters —Letter-case, a case to put letters m.—Dead tetter, a writing or precept which is without authority or force.—Leiffir of attorney, a writing by which one person authorizes another to act in his s\.Qad.—Letter of credit, a letter authorizing credit to a certain amount of money to be given to the bearer.—Xeiier of marque, a commission given to private ships, by a government, to make reprisals on the ships of another state. See Marque. — Letters patent, a writing exe¬ cuted and sealed, by which power and auth.ority are granted to a person to do some act, or enjoy some right. — v.a, To impress or form letters on. Lettered, lef-terd, pp. Stamped with letters. — a Literate ; educated ; versed in literature or science , belonging to learning. Letter-founder, let'-ter-fown'-der, 8. One who casts letters; a type-founder. Lettering, let'-ter-ing, s. The act of impressing letters; the letters impressed. Letterless, let'-ter-les, a. Illiterate ; unlettered ; not learned Letter-press, let'-ter-pres, s. Print; letters and words impressed on paper or other material by types. Letter-wood, let'-ter-wud, 8. A beantifuJ wood used for cabinet-work and veneering, and the most costly that Guiana possesses. Letter-writer, let'-ter-ri'-ter, s. One who writes letters ; an instrument for copying letters, often called the manifold letter-writer. Lzttino, let'-ting, s. The putting out on lease, as a farm; the giving possession of premises, as to a tenant-at-will; a contracting. Lettuce, let'-tus, s. The popular name of sevei^l species of lactuca, much used as a salad. Leuchtenbbrgitb, luk-ten-her'-jite, s. A mineral cf a yellowish colour and pearly lustre, composed of. silica, alumina, magnesia, peroxide of iron, and lime. Leucine, lew'-sin, s. A peculiar white pulvenilent sub¬ stance, produced by acting on muscular fibre with sulphuric acid. Leucite, leio'-sit, s. A mineral of a dull, glassy appear¬ ance, round in the volcanic rocks of Italy. Leucitic, lew-sit'-ik, a. A term applied to volcanic rocks containing leucite. Leucoethiopic, leio-ko-e-the-op^-ik, a. White and black; •designating a white animal of a black species; the albino of the negro race. Leucophane, lew'-ko-fane, s. A mineral, occurring im¬ perfectly crystallized, of a greenish or wine-yellow colour, consisting of silica, fluoric acid, glucina, lime, and sodium. Leucophlegmacy, lew-ko-jieff-mti-se, s. A dropsical habit of body; paleness, with viscid juices and cold sweats. Leucophlegmatic, lew-ko-Jleg~matf-ik, a. Having a dropsical habit of body, with a white, bloated skin. Leucorrhcea, lew'-kor-re-6, s. Fluor albus, vulgarly called the 'W’liites. Leucostinb, lew-kof-tin, s. A variety of trachite. Leuttrite, lewt'-rite, s. A greenish-white mineral, so c^ed from being found at Leuttra, in Saxony. Levant, le-vant', or les/-a7it, a. Ea.«tem ; denoting the part of the hemisphere where the sun rises, and par¬ ticularly applied to the eastern shores of the Mediter¬ ranean. — s. A country to the eastward; the eastern coasts oA the Mediterranean Bea LEVANTER [ 074 ] LIBEL LiffVANTEB, le-can'-ter, 8. A strong easterly wind in the Mediterranean ; one who flies from his pecuniary eu- ga^ements, but especially one who bets at a horse¬ race. and runs away without paying the wager lost. Levantine, le-van'^tin, or lev’-an~tin6i a. Pertaining to the Levant. — 8. A particular kind of silk cloth. Levator, le-va' tur, 8. (Lat.) In anatomy^ a muscle that serves to raise some part, as the lip or the eyelid. —A surgical instrument, used tt> raise a depressed pait of the all Levee, s. (Fr.) The time of rising ; the con¬ course of persons who visit a prince or great personage in the merning. Lev3u leV-el, a. Horizontal , coinciding with the plane of the horizon , even . flat; of the same height; on the same line or plane ; equal ir rank or degree. — v.a. To make horizontal , to make even , to reduce or remove inequalities of surface in anything , to lay flat, to reduce to equality of condition or degree ; to suit; to adapt. — v.n To aim at , to point a gun or an arrow to the mark , to be in the same direction with the mark. — 8. A horizontal line, or a plane, a surface without inequalities , rate; standard , usual elevation , cus¬ tomary height, a surveyor's instrument for deter¬ mining the height of one place with another, for which a spirit-level is often used , a workman's tool, with a plummet, to ascertain horizontality . a gallery in a mine ; a state of equality ; the line of direction in Which a missile weapon is aimed, an instrument, in mechanics, by which to find or draw a horizontal line; rule , plan , scheme. Levelled, lev'~eld. pp. of the verb to level. Leveller, let'^ el ler, s. One who levels or makes even; one who di^stroys or attempts to destroy distinctions, and reduce to equality. Levellino, lev'-ei-ling, s. The reduction of uneven surfaces to a level or plane.— In snrveymg, the art or practice of finding a horizontal line, or of ascertaining the different elevations of objects on the surface of tlie earth The instruments chiefly used in levelling are the theodolite and the spirit-level. liLVELNEss,s. Evenness; equality of surface; equality wiili something else. T.ever, li^-ver, s. In mecha7iics, a bar of metal, wood, or other substance, turning on a support called the fiilcnim or prop. — Lever-watch is a watch w'ith a lever balance. —i a. The comparative degree of leve, lee/f or lief. ISIore agreeable ; more pleasing. •—t ad. Rather; as, I had rather. Levr-rage. le'-ver-aje, 8. Mechanical advantage gained off the principle of the lever. Leveret, leiZ-er-et, s. A hare in her first year. Leverock, lev'~er~ok, s. A bird ; a lark. Levet.I lev'-et, 8. A blast of a trumpet. Leviable, lev'-e-d-bly a. That may be levied or col¬ lected. Leviathan, le-vi'-A-than, s. (Heb.) A huge aquatic animal, described in the Book of Job; probably a w'hale. Levied, lev'-id, pp. of the verb to levy. Levigate, lev^-e-gatef v.a. Xn pharmacy ond. chemistry, to rub or grind to a fine impalpable powder; to plane j to polish. — a. Made smooth. Levigated, levf-e-ga-tedy pp. Reduced to a fine, im¬ palpable powder, Levioatjon. lev-e-ga'-shun. i. The operation of grind¬ ing or rubbing a solid substance to a fine impalpable powder. Levin, t lev'-in.y s. Lightning. Levit.ation. sh7in,s. Lightness; buoyancy. Levitb, le'-vite, s. One of the tribe or family of Levi. Levitical, le-vit'-e-kal, a. Belonging to the Levites, or descendants of Levi; priestly. Leviticallt, le-vit'-€-knl~le, ad. After the manner of the Levites. Levitici’s, le-vit'-e-kus. s. A canonical book of the Old Testament, containing the law's and regulations w'hich relate to the priests and I^evites. Levitt, s. Lighrness; the w'ani of weight in a body, compared w’iih another that is heavier; light¬ ness of temper or conduct, volatility, incon.stancy ; instability. wrant of due consideration ; gaiety oi mind ■ want of seriousness • disposition to trifle. Levy, lev'-et v.a. To raise, to collect.—To levy war,is! to raise or begin war, to attack.—To levy a fine, to commence and carry on a suit for assuring the title to lands or tenements. — 8. The act of collecting men for military or other public service, an army raised . the uci of collecting money for public use.—J>f:j/m mos.s, a requisition of all liable to near arn;s for service Lew ,4 lew, a Tepid, lukewann . pale; wan. Lewd, lewd, a. Given to the unlawful indulgence of lust, libidinous, licentious; profligate; wicked; flay . not clerical, Le'vdlt, lewd'It, ad. With the unlawful indulgence cf lust, lustfully, wickedly, wantimly. Lewdness, lewd'-nes, s. The unlawful indulgence of lust, fornication or adultery, lasciviousness, im¬ purity; unchastity. — In Sa-ipiure, the practice of Idolatry. Lewdstrr. leivd'-ster, s. One given to the criminal indulgence of lust; a lecher. Lewis, lew'-is, s. In tnerhanics, an appliance for raising stone, thin w'cdges of iron indented into the stone, forming a dove-tail Lex, leks (Lat.) A law for the government of society, a word of frequent application in juridical matters, lex talionu, the law of retaliation . lex terree, the law of the land ; lex scriptn, w'ritten law , lex non scripta, the unwritten or common law of England. Lexical^ leks’-e-kal, a. Pertaining to a lexicon ; settled by lexicology. Lexicographer, leks-e-kog'-rd-fer, s. The writer of a lexicon or dictionary. Jj'E-x.[coGK.Apn\c, leks-e-ko-graf'-ik, la- Pertaining Lexicographical, leks-e-ko-gra/-e-kal,} to the writ¬ ing or compilation of a dictionary. Lexicoqraput, /<;/;5-e-Aof7'-rA-/e, s. The act of writing a lexicon or dictionary, or the art of composing dictionaries. Lexiooloot, leks-e-kol'-o-je, 8. The science of words; that branch of learning which treats of the proper signification and just application of words. Lexicon, /t'/is'-e-inn, 8. A dictionary ; a vocabulary or book containing an alphabetical airangemenl of the word.s in a language, with the definition of each. Lexiconi8t,+ isf, 8. A writer of a lexicon. Lexiqraphic, leks-e-graf'-ik, a. Representing by du tinct signs or characters. Lexiqrapht, leks-ig' -7'd-fet 8. The art or practice ot defining words. Let, lay, a different orthography of lay and lea, a meadow ; and also of lye, a detergent wash made of soap, &c. Letden-jar, Is. A glass jar or bottle, Leydf:n-phial. lay'dyi-Ji'-al, | used to accumulate elec¬ tricity, invented by M. Vanleigli, of Leyden. Leze Majesty, leze maf-es-te. An offence against sove¬ reign authority ; rebellion. Lherzolite, lei^-zo-lite, s. A mineral, a variety of augite. Li, It, s. A Chinese linear measure, about one-third of a mile ; also the name of a small copper coin. Liable, a. Obliged in law or equity; respon¬ sible ; accountable ; obnoxious. Liableness, li'-it-hl-nes, I s. The state of being bound oi Liability, U-d-bil'-e-te ,) obliged in law or justice; re¬ sponsibility ; tendenev. Liaison, le'-a-tong, s. (Fr.) A union or bond of union. Liar, li'-ar, s. A person who knowingly utters false¬ hood, or who declares to another as a fact what he knows to be not true. Liard, $ li'-ard, a. Grey. — 8. A copper coin , the French farthing. Lias, 8. An argillaceous limestone, which forms the basis of the Oolitic formation. It is useu by litho¬ graphers.-A division of the hank of cambric yam spun by hand. Libation, li-ba'-shun, s. The act of pouring a liquor, usually wine, in sacrifice, in honour of some deity. Libatory , li' ba-tur-e, a. For the purpose of libation. Libavil’8, h-6a'-ve-ns, 8. A liquor used in calico-print¬ ing, prepared by dissolving chloride of tin in aqua regia. LiBBARD.t IW-bard, s. A leopard. Librard’r-banr, Hi/- bards-bane, s. Leopard’s bane; a poisonous plant. Libel, li'-hel, s. A defamatory writing; any book, pam¬ phlet, writing, or picture containing representations, maliciouslv made or published, tending to bring a per- LIBEL [ 575 ] LICHEN son Into contempt, or expose him to public hatred and derision.—In the civil late, and in courts of Admirmltff a declaration or charge in writing, exhibited in court, for vlolatiM the laws of trade or of revenue. Libel, v.a. To defame or expose to public hatred and contempt by a writin? or picture; to lampoon; to ex¬ hibit a charge against anything in court. —$ v.n To spread defamation, written or printed. Libkllajit, IV hf.l-laut, s One who libels; one who brings a libel or institutes a suit in an Admiralty c< urt. Libelled, li'-beld, pp. of the verb to libel. Libeller, IV-hfii-ier, s. One who libels or defames by writing or pictures ; a lampooner. LiBEf.LOT's, tr-bel-lusy a Defamatory ; containing that which exposes a person to public hatred, contempt, and ridi(Mi1e. LiBELLr'Lin.E, li-bel’-fu-le-de,s.\i\. A family of TCeurop- terous insects, of which the Libellula, or Dragon-fly, is the type. Liber, H'-her,^. (Lat.) In botany, the inner, newly- formed bark of a plant, consisting of a layer of woody tissue.—Liher Regis is the great book of the 2f)th Henry VIII., containing an account of the valuation of the whole ecclesiastical property of England and "Wales previous to the Reformation. Liberal, lib'-er-al, a. Of a free heart; munificent; bounteous ; generous ; giving largely ; not selfish ; embracing other interests than one’s own ; embracing literature' and the sciences generally; free ; open; candid . not mean ; not low in birth or mind ; free to excess.—LiScro/ arts, as distinguished fn)ra the me- chayiicnl arts, are such as depend more on the exertion of the mind than on the labour of the bands —The word forms a variety of useful compounds ; as, TAhemU hi'orted, having a generous heart ; Liberal-minded, Liberal - souled, I'JrC- — 8 One who advocates greater freedom from restraint^ especially in political institutions. Libera Msiii, lib-er-al-izm, s. The principles of liberals. Liberat.ist, lii/~er-al-istf s. One who favours the prin¬ ciples of liberals, Liber.vlitt, lih-er-aV-e.-te, s. Munificence; bounty; generosity ; beneficence; a particular act of gene¬ rosity . a donation ; a gratuity; largeness of mind; impartiality. Liberalize, IW-er-al-ize, v.a. To render liberal or catholic . to free from narrow views or prejudices. LTHER\r.L\, W-er-^?-/e,ad. 'Bountifully; largely; witl munificence . without selfishness or meanness. Liberate, lib'-er-nte, v a. To free; to deliver; to re¬ lease from restraint or bondage ; to set at libertv. Liberated, Hbt-er-a-ted. pp. or a. Freed ; releasea from confinement, manumitted. Liberation, lib-er-a'-shun, s. The act of delivering from restraint, confinement, or slavery. Liberator, lih'-er-a~tur, s. One who liberates or de¬ livers. Libertarian, lib-er-ta'-re-an, a. Pertaining to liberty, or to the doctrine of free-will, as opposed to the doc¬ trine of necessitv. — s. One who holds to free-will. Libertarianism, lih-er-ta'-re~an~izm, 8. The principles or doctrines of libertarians. Libert AS, li-her’-tas,s (Lat. I In rny/'A.., the goddess of liberty, represented as a woman with a cap in one hand, and two poniards in the other. LiBERTiriDK. lih'-er-te-side, s. Destruction of liberty; a destroyer of liberty. Libertinaoe, lib'-er-f.e-naje, 8. See IjTberttntsm. Libertine, lib'-er-tine. s. Anciently, a person nianu- miTted or set free from legal .servitude ; one uncon¬ fined. or free from restraint ; one who leads a dissolute, licentious life ; a rake ; a debauchee. — a. Licentious ; dissolute ; not under the restraint of law or religion. Libertinism, lib'-er-fe-nizm, s. Licentiousness of opinion and practice; an unrestrained indulgence of lust, debauchery ; lewdnes« ; +stateof a freedman. Lirerty, lib' er-te. s. Freedom frem restraint; privi¬ lege; exemption ; immunity enjoyed by prescription or bv grant ; leave . licence : permission granted ; freedom of action or speech beyond the ordinary bounds of civihty or decorum. —To take the liberty, to do or say anything . to use freedom not specially granted.—To set at liberty, to deliver from confine¬ ment ; to release from restraint.-^To he at liherty, W be free from re8traintc-^«^«»‘cf^ liberty consists in the powei of acting as one thinks fit, wiCbur.t nu} restraint or control, except from the laws of nature.— Civil liberty is the liberty of men in a state of society, or natural liberty, so far only abridged and restrainoa as is necessary and expedient for the safety and inte¬ rest of the society, state, or'nation.—Poitftca/ liberty designates the freedom of a nation or state from all an.iust abridgment of its rights and independeuce.- Religious liberty is the free right of adopting and enjoying opinions on religious suhiecta.—Liberty, in metaphysics, as opposed to necessity, is the power of an agent to do or forbear anv particular action.— cf the press is freedom ^rom any restriction on th8 power to publish books. LiBErHENiTE, le-hcth'-ipi-ite, %. A mineral first found at Libethen, in Hungary ; the phosphate of copper. liiBiDiNiST, le-hid'-e-nist, s. One given to lewdness. liiBiDiNocs, le-hid'-e-nus, a. Having an eager appetite for venereal pleasure ; lewd ; lascivious ; unchaste. LiBiDiNonsLY, le-hid'-e-nus-le, ad. With lewd desire. Libidinousnkss, le-bid'-e-nus-nes, s. ITie state or qua- litv of being lustful; inordinate appetite for lustful indulgence. Libitina, lib-e-ti'-nh, 6. In Roman mythologyt the goddess of funerals. Libra, IV-brd, s. (Lat.) The balance; the seventh sign in the zodiac; a pound in weight or in money, the initial of which (£) is the sign of ottr pound stcr ling; a name for the best kind of tobacco grown In Cuba. Libral, IV-bral, a. Of a pound weight. Librarian, li-hrn'-re-an, One who has the care of a library or collection of books. Librarianship, li-bra'-re-an-ship, s. The office of a librarian. Library , 8. A collection of books belonging to a private person, or to a public institution; an edifice or an apartment set apart for books. Libratb, U' hrate, v.a. To poise; to balance; to hold in equipoise. — v.n. To move, as a balance ; to be poised. Libration, li-bra'-shuyi, s. The act of balancing, or state of being balanced; a balancing or equipoise between extremes. Libratory, IV-brh-tur-e, a. Balancing ; moving like a balance.—In astroyiomy, a term applied to changes in the disk of the moon. Libretto, le-hret’-tn, s- (Ital.) A small book ; tlie written words of an opera. Lice, lise^ s.pl. of Louse. Licensable, lV-seyis-h-bl,&.. That may be permitted by a legal grant. License, IV-sense, 6. LeaY'e; permission; excess of liberty; exorbitant freedom; freedom abused; au¬ thority or liberty given to do or forbear any act; a certificate giving permission or authority. — V a. To permit by grant or authority; to romoY-e legal restraint by a grant of permission ; to authorize to act in a particular character. Licensed, IV-senst, pp. or a. Permitted by authority.— Liceyised Vicfunller is an innkeeper or publican, wlio sells beer, %vine, and spirits, and afforik accommoda¬ tion to visitors or travellers. brcENSER, ?i'-sea-5er, 8. One who grants permission; a person authorized to grant permission to othei's. Luensing, H'-sens-ing, 8- The act of giving a license. Ltcrnsure, IV-sen-snre. s. A licensing. Licentiate, H-sen'-she-nte. s. One who has a license to exercise a profession, as in mcdicins. — v.a To give license or permission. Licen , TATioN, K-«ew-s?ie-a'-sAtm, 8. The act of permit ting. Licenti . us, li-sen'-shyis.a. indulging freedom to ex¬ cess; restrained by law' or morality; uncontrolled’ unruly ; svanton ; profligate. LicF.NTiouitY, li-sen'-snus-le, ad. 'With excess of li¬ berty ; in .'ontempt of law and morality. Licentiousnbss. li-seyV-shns-nes, s. Excessive indul¬ gence of libi rty. lACH,Htsh,s. A body or corpse.—watching w'ith the dead -lAchfield. the field of dead bodies.— Lich-owl. an on vulgarly supposed to foretell death- Lichen. Htsh* e-yi. 5. in botany, the name of an exto;a- sive division of Cryptogamous plants, w'hich appear in the form of thn. flat crusts, covering rocks and the bark of ti’ces.- In patholoay. a species of impetigo^ which see.—At( henic acid is the acid peculiar to some SDCCies 0 ^ lichens ; malic acid. LIOEEJ^IN [ 676 ] LIFT LicKENiy, s. A substance closely allied to starch, extracted from Iceland naoss. Lichenooraphic, litsh-en-o-graf'-iky 1 a. Pertain- I.ICHENOGRA.PUICAL, Utsh-eyi^o-graf'-t-kal, j ing to lich- enography. LrcHENOGRA-PHisT, litsh-e7\-og^‘rh-fistf 8. One who de¬ scribes the lichens. Lichenoorapht, UUn-en-og'-rA’/e, s. The science which illustrates the natural history of the lichens. Licit, lis'-ity a. Lawful; legal; legitimate. Licitlt, IW-it-Uy ad. Lawfully. I>iciTXEss, li^-iUneSj s. Lawfulness. Lick, liky v.a. To pass or draw the tongue crer the surface ; to lap ; to take in by the tongue.—To lick upy to devour; to consume entirely .—To lick the (^t*st,to be slain ; to perish in battle.—J To strike repeatedly, to chastise ; to flog ilotv). '-X 8. A blow {vulgar) ; a wash; something rubbed on. J icK-sPiTTLE, lik'-spit-tl, s. A flatterer of parasite of the most abject character. Licked, tikt, pp. of the yerb to lick. Lickfr, lik'-er, s. One who licks. Lickerish, lik'-er-ishy a. Nice in the choice of food; dainty ; greedy to swallow; eager to taste ^ or en¬ joy ; haying a keen relish; dainty; tempting the appetite. Lickerishly, lik'-er-ish'ley ad. Daintily. Lickerishness, lik'-er-ish-neSy s. Niceness of palate; daintiness. _ litcKiNG, lik'-vigy s. A lapping with the tongue; a flog¬ ging or castigation Licorice, lik'-o-ris, s. A medicinal plant, whose roots liaye a sweet taste. Lictor, hT-iwr, s. (Lat.) An ofScer among the Romans, who bore an axe and fasces or rods, as ensigns of his office. Lid, lidy s. A coyer; that which shuts the opening of a .... ____, writ¬ ten Lte , a flUse statement, uttered for the purpose of deception ; falsehood ; a fiction ; an intentional viola¬ tion of truth.—To give the lie, to charge with false¬ hood. — y.n. To utter falsehood with an intention to deceive; to say or do that wliich deceives another.—(Sax.) pret. Lay ; pp. Lain ; obs. Lien. To rest in an in¬ clining posture ; to lean; to press on ; to be deposited in the grave; to rest on a bed or couch ; to he pros¬ trate ; to be situated; to be ; to reiit; to abide; to remain; to be sustainable in law; to be capable of being maintained.— To lie at the hearty to be fixed as an object of affection or anxious desire.— To lie 6y, to rest; to intermit labour.— To lie in the tray, to be an obstacle or impediment. — To lie hard or heavy, to oppress ; to burden.— To he on hand, to be or remain in possession ; to remain unsold.— To lie on the hands, to remain unoccupied or unemployed.—To lie on the head, to be imputed.— To lie in wait, to wait for in concealment or in ambush.— To lie in one, to;, be in the power of; to belong to.—To lie do^vn, to lay the body on the ground ; to go to rest.—To lie in, to be in child¬ bed.—To lie tinder, to be subject to ; to suffer.—To lie on or upo7i, to be a matter of obligation or duty.—To lie tcith, to lodge or sleep with ; to have carnal know¬ ledge of; to belong to.—To lie over, to remain unpaid, after the time when payment is due.^ laE-FRAUGHT, U'-fraiot, a. Fraught with lies. Liep,$ leef, a. Dear; beloved. — ad. Gladly ; willingly; used in familiar speech, as, I bad as lief go as not. Liege, le^e, a. Bound by a feudal tenure; obliged to be faithful and loyal to a superior; faithful. — s. A vassal holding a fee by which he is bound to perform certain services and duties to his lord; a liegeman , a lord or superior. Lieger,± le^'-er, s. A resident ambassador. Lien 4/I'-fiu. Tne obsolete participle of He. See Lain. Lien, li'-en, or le'-en, s. A legal claim; the right by which the possessor of property holds it against the owner in satisfaction of a demand. Lienteric, li-en-ter'-ik, a. Pertaining to a lientery. Lientert, li'-en-ter~e, s. A lax or diarrhoea, in wliich aliments are discharged undigested. Lieb, H'-er, s. One who lies down; one who rests or remains. Lieu, lew, s. (Fr.) Place; room, otead. Lieutenancy, lu-ten'^an-se. or lef-Un’-an'ie, a The office 01 commission of a lieutenant; the hody ol lieu¬ tenants. Lieutenant, lu-ten'-ant, or lef^ten'-ant, s. (Fr.) An officer who supplies the place of a superior in his ab¬ sence.—In military affairs, the second commissioned officer in a company.—In ships of war, the officer next in rank to the captain. LipEj, life, 0 . ; pi. Lives. In a general sense, that state of animals and plants, or of an organized being, in which its natural functions and motions are or may be per¬ formed.—In animals, animation ; vitality ; and, in man, that state of being in which the soul and body are united.—In plants, the state in which they CTOW, or are capable of growth, by means of the circulation of the sap.—The present state of existence ; the time from birth to death ; manner of living ; conduct; de¬ portment in regard to morals ; condition; courae of living, in regard to happiness and misery ; blood, the supposed vehicle of animation ; animals in general; animal being; system of animal nature ; spirit; aui- mation ; briskness ; vivacity ; resolution ; the living form ; exact resemblance ; general state of man, or of social manners; rank in society; course of things human affairs ; a person ; history of the events of life biographical narration.—In Scripture, nourishment, support of life; supreme felicity; eternal happiness in heaven; the Author and Giver of supreme felicity; a quickening, animating, and strengthening prin¬ ciple.—Xt/c annuity, a sum of money paid yearly during a person’s life .—Life assurattce, or Life insur¬ ance, a contract for the payment of a certain sum of money on a person’s death.—Zt/e-feoa^ a boat con¬ structed for preeerving lives in cases of shipwreck.— Life estate, an estate that continues during the life of the possessor. — Life interest, an interest or estate whicn lasts during life.—Xt/e rent, the rent of an estate that continues for life. Life-blood, life'-blud, s. The blood necessary to life ; vital blood; that which constitutes or gives strength and energy. — a. Necessary as blood to life; essential. Life-consuming, life-kon-sew'-ming, a. "Wasting life. Life-devotedness, life-de-vo'-ted-nes, s. The devoted- ness of life. Life-ending, lif^-end-ing, a. Rutting an end to life. Life-giving, Ixfe'-giv-ing, a. Giving life or spirit; having power to give lire ; inspiriting ; invigorating. Life-guard, lif^-g’ard, s. A guard of the life or person ; a guard that attends the person of a prince or other person. Lifeless, life'-les, a. Deprived of life, as a corpse ; des¬ titute of life, as a statue; destitute of power, force, vigour, or spirit, as a discourse; void of spirit, aa liquor; in a state of torpidity; wanting physical energy ; dead; souUeas ; inanimate. Lifelepsly, life'-les-le, ad. Without vigour; frigidly; heavily. Lifelessness, Ufe'-les-nes, s. Destitution of life, vigour, and spirit; inactivity. Life-like, Ufe'-like, a. Like a living person. Ijfelong, life' long, a. During life. liiFE-PREsr.RVEB, Ufe'-pre-serv-er, s. An apparatus^ in the shape of an air-tight belt, for preserving the lives- of persons in cases of shipwreck ; a loaded weapon; a swordstick. Life-spring, lif^-spri?ig, s. The spring or source of life. Life-string, Ufe'-strinq, s. A nerve or string that is imagine^ to be essential to life. Lifetime, life'-time, s. The time that life continues; duration of life. Lift, lift, v.a. To raise, physically or intellectually; to elevate; to exalt; to erect; to hoist; to bear; to support. —To lift up the eyes, to fix the eyes on; to direct the desires to God in prayer. —To lift up the head, to raise from a low condition ; to exalt; to rejoice.—To lift up the hand, to swear, or to confirm by oath ; to raise the hands in prayer ; to rise in opposition to ; tc rebel; to assault; to injure or oppress ; to shake off sloth aud engage in duty.—To lift up the face, to look to with confidence, cheerfulness, and comfort.— To lift up the heel against, to treat with insolence and contempt. To lift up the horn, to behave arrogantly or scornfully —To lift up the feet, to come speedily to one’s relief.— To lift up the voice, to cry aloud; to call out, either in grief or joy. — v.n. To try to raise ; to exert the strength for thd purpose of raising or bearing , ^ to practise theft. LIFT [ 677 ] LIG-NIFEROUS liipr,». rhe act of raising; aliftlng; assistance in liftin g; that which is to he raised.— A dead lift, a lift at the utmost disadvantage; an extreme emergency; some¬ thing whuh tasks Ml one’s powers, or exceeds them ; a rise ; a degree of elevation. Lifted, lif'-ted, pp. of the verh to lift. Lifter, Hf'-ter, s. One who lifts or raises ; a thief. Lifting, Hft'-hiq, s. The act of lifting; assistance.— Lif‘ing-bridge is a swing or draw bridge over a dock entrance, moat, or canal. Lift-lock, lift' loh, s. A name sometimes given to a canal-lock, because it lifts or raises a boat from one level to another. Lift-pttmp, h/i'-pwmp, s. A pump acting by the pres¬ sure of the atmosphere on the external body of water. Lio,t h‘{ 7 , v.n. To lie. Ligament, 8. Anything that ties or unites one thing or part to another.—In anatomy, a strong, compact substance, serving to bind one bone to another.—Bond; chain; that which binds or restrains. Lioamental,/ ta-d-meu'la. Of the nature of Ligamentous, lig-d-men'-tus,] a ligament; binding. Ligan, li'~gan, s. In law, goods sunk in the sea, but tied to a cork or buoy, in order to be found again. Ligation, li-ga'-skun, s. The act of binding, or state of being bound. Ligature, lig'~&-'ietor,s. Anything that binds ; abend or bandage ; the act of binding.—In mjisic, a band or line connecting notes ; the state of being bound.—In surgery, a cord or string for tying the blood-vessels, to prevent haemorrhage. Light, lite, s. That ethereal imponderable essence, of the presence of which we are infonned by our visual organs; a highly attenuated fluid, or undu¬ lating ether, universally diffused throughout all space ; a mateiial fluid of extreme subtility, ema¬ nating in particles from a luminous body ; that flood of luminous rays which flows from the sun, and con¬ stitutes day; the dawn of day; life; anything that gives light, as a lamp, candle, taper, lighted tower, star, &c.—Illumination of mind; instruction ; know¬ ledge ; means of knowing; opeD view; a visible state; public view or notice; explanation; illustration; means of understanding; situation to be seen or viewed ; a window ; a place that admits light to enter; a pane of glass.—In painting, the manner in which the light strikes upon a picture; the illuminated part of a picture ; opposed to shade.^In Scripture, God, the Source of knowledge ; Christ; joy ; comfort; felicity; saving knowledge; prosperity; happiness; support; comfort; deliverance; the Gospel; the understanding or judgment; the gifts and graces of Christians; a moral instructor ; a person enlightened ; a good king,' the guide of his people. The light of the countenance, favour; smiles.—To stand in one's own light, to be the means of preventing good. —To come to light, to be Light-balls, in military operations, hollow cases filled with a combustible composition, which, when lighted and thrown among an enemy, are calcu¬ lated to discover their position and working opera- t; ons. — a. Bright; clear ; not dark or obscure.—In colours, white or whitish.—Having little weight; not burden¬ some ; easy to be lifted; not oppressive; easy to be endured ; easy to be performed; not difficult; not requiring great strength or exertion ; easy to be digested ; not oppressive to the stomach; not heavily armed; active; nimble; not encumbered ; unem- ban'assed; not deeply laden ^ not sufficiently bal¬ lasted ; slight; trifling ; not important; not dense ; not copious or vehement; not strong; not violent; moderate; easy to admit influence; easily influ¬ enced by trifling considerations; unsteady; unsettled; volatile ; gav ; airy , indulging levity ; trifling ; wanton; unchaste; not of legal weight; clipped; diminished ; loose; sandy; easily pulverised.—To set light by, to undervalue ; to treat as of no importance. — To make light of, to treat as of little consequence; to disregard. — v.a. To set fire to ; to give light to ; to fill or spread over witli light; tto lighten , to ease of a burden ; to kindle ; to ignite ; to cnlighte»- — v.n. To fall on ; to come to by chance < to happen to find, with on; to fall on; to strike ; to descend or alight; to settle ; to rest; to stoop from flight. Light, ad. Lightly; cheaply. Light-armed, litef-armd, a. Armed with light weapons. Light-bearer, lite'-ba'-rer, s. A torch-bearer. Light-brain, Ute'-brayie, s. An empty-headed person. Light-oues, lit^-dews, s.pl. Passing tolls levied on ships navigating certain waters, towards the main tenance of the lights shown for their guidance. Lighted, W-ted, pp. or a. Kindled ; set on fire. Lighten, lite' 71 , v.n. To flash ; to burst forth or dart, as lightning ; to shine with an instantaneous illumina¬ tion. — v.a. To dissipate darkness; to fill with light; to enlighten; to illuminate with knowledge; to free from trouble and fill with joy; to make ligbtery to reduce in weight; to alleviate; to cheer; to exhila¬ rate. Lightened, lite'nd, pp. of the verb to lighten. Lighter, li'-ter, s. One who lights ; a large, open, flat bottomed boat, used in loading aftd unlojiding ships. Lighterage, li'-ter-aje, 8. The price paid for unloading ships by lighters or boats; the act of thus unloading into lighters. Lighterman, li'-ter-man, s. A man who manages a lighter; a boatman. Light-fingered, lite-fing'-gerd, a. Dextrous in taking and conveying away; thievish; addicted to petty thefts. Light-footed, Hte-fut'~ted, a. Nimble in mnning or dancing; active. Light-headed, lite-hed'-ed, a. Tlioughtless ; heedless ; unsteady ; disordered in the head; delirious. Light-hbadedness, 'Ute-hed'~ed-7ies, s. Disorder of the head; deliriousness. Light-hearted, lite-hdrt'-ed, a. Free from giicf or anxiety ; cheerful; mc^. Light-heartedly, lite-hdrt'-ed-le, ad. "With a ligh. heart. Light-heartedness, lite-hiirt'-ed-iies, s. The state of being free from care or grief; cheerfulness. Light-heeled, lite'-heeld, a. Lively in walking or running. Light-horse, lite'-hajvrse, s. Light-armed cavalry. Lighthouse, lite'-hozose, s. A tower or building with a light or number, of lamps on the top, intended to direct seamen in navigating ships at night; a pharos. Light-infantry, lite'-in~fan-tre, s. A term applied to bodies of active and strong men carefully selected for rapid evolutions. Lighting, li'-ting, ppr. Setting Are to; kindling; giving light to.— Lightizig-rate is a public rate for maintain¬ ing the lamps or gas-lights in a parish. Light-legged, lit^-legd, a. Nimble ; swift of foot. Lightless, lite'-les, a. Destitute of light; dark. Lightly, ad. With little weight; without deep impression ; easily ; readily; without difficulty ; with¬ out reason, or for reasons of little weight; without dejection ; cheerfully; not chastely ; wantonly; nim¬ bly ; with agility; with levity ; without heed or cart*. Light-minded, lite-mine'-ded, a. Unsteady ; volatile , unsettled. Lightness, lit^-nes,9. Want.of weight; inconstancy , unsteadiness; gaiety; agility; wantonness; lewd- ness; unchastity ; power of lively motion.—In the fine arts, a q^uality indicating freedom. Lightning, hte'-mng, s. A discharge of atmospheric electricity, accompanied by a vivid flash of lighf, thunder being the sound produced by the electricif v in passing rapidly through the air ; abatement; alio- viation ; mitigation.— Lightni7ig-r,od is a. metallic ro-1, to attract and thus protect buildinm or vessels from \i^htmng;.—Lightni7ig-gln7ice, a sudden flash of light¬ ning ; figziraHvely, a glance or flash of the eye. Light-room, Ute'-room, s. A small apartment with double-glass windows, which give light to the powder magazine of a ship. Lights, lites, s.pl. The lungs; the organs of breathing in brute animals. Lightsome, lite'-sum, a. Luminous ; not dark ; not obscure ; gay ; airy ; cheering , exhilarating. Ltghtsomeness, lite'-szem-nes, s. Luminousness ; the quality of being light; cheerfulness ; merriment. Light-spirited, lite-spir'-if-ed, a. Having a cheerful or Ught-bearted spirit. Lignaloes, lig-nal'-oze, or Im-al'-oze, S- Aloes-wood ; a galoche. Ligneous, Ug'-ne-us, a. Wooden; made of wood ; con¬ sisting of wood; resembling wood. Ligniferous, lig-nif'-er-zis, a. YicUling or producing wood. LIGMFICATIObf [ 678 ] LIME-TWIGGED l.iGNiFiCATioN, lig-ne-fe-ka*-8hnn^ 8. The proce:«s of converting into wood, or the iiard substance of a vegetable. TjIgwipied, lig'-ne-Jhde^ pp. Converted into wood. fjioNiroaM, lig'~ue~f(iiornif a. Tjike wood; resembling wood. Yionif’s, v.a. To convert into wood. — v.n ‘*0 become wood uioNiN*. lig' fttn, s. In chemistry, the woody part or fibre ot plants, which forms the basis of wood. uioN^PBRDot’e, lig ne-pei''-fln8, a A term applied to insects which destroy wood. Lignite, lig' nite, s. Mineral coal retaining the texture of the wood from which it was formed, and burning with an empyreumatic odour. Lionitic, lig-nit'-ik, a. Containing lignite ; resembling lignite. rjiGNona,+ Itg'-nua, a. Ligneous. Ligncm-vits, lig'-niiyn-vi'-te. s. (Lat.) The popular name of the Giiaiarutn officinale, an exceedinifly hard, dark-coloured, and close-grained wood, growing in the West Indies and South America, and used for pulleys, wheels, and various species of turnery. Liqulate, li&-M-late, la. Like a bandage or Ligut.ated, -u-la-ted,] strap. Lioclb, lig'-tile, 1 8. In botany, the fiat part of the rnouLA, lig’-u-lii, I leaf of a grass, in contradistinction from that part which sheathes the stem ; a strap- Bhaped petal of flowers of the syngenesia .—In en¬ tomology, the lower lip or labriim of insects. Liocre. lig'-ure, s. A kind of precious stone. Lioi:RiTE,'/iy-«-r£^-nes, 8. Resemblance in form ; guise or ex-tenial appearance ; similarity ; parallel ; poiiralt; one who resembles another, an image, picture, or statue resembling a person or thing. Likening, like^ning, s. The forming of resemblance. I. 1 KEW 18 E. ad. In like manner; also; more¬ over. Liking, W-king, ppr. of ic like. Approving; being plea.sed with. —$ a. Plump ; of a good appearance. — 8. A good state of body; healthful appearance; plumpness; inclination; pleasure; delight in; Jstate of trial. Lilac, li'-lak, s. A flowering shmb of the genus syringa. originally from Persia. Lilacinf.. liV A-sin, s. A chemical principle discovered in the lilac. liiLLiCEora. lil-e-a'-she-ns, a. Pertaining to lilies ; Ulv-like. Limace/B, s.pl. In a natural order of beautiful flowering plants, of which the lilium, or lilv, is the type. laLiED, HI' Ha, a. EmbcUlsbed with lilies. Lilipcti^n, lil-e-peio'-she-an, s. One belonging to a diminutive race ; a pei-son of very smaU size. Lillk-lace. See Lisle-lace. Lilt, HU, v.n. To sing or play cheerfully; to do anvthlng with dexterity or quickness (local). Lilt. Hl' le, s. A genus of plants of many species, producing flowers of great beauty and variety of eolojm.—Lilv-daffodil, sl flowering plant.—X»7y-e»crt- ntt«, a fossil zoophyte.—Lily-hyacinth, a species of Lily-pink, the plant Aphyllanthes vionspeli- ensis.—Lily-thorn, the name o? the plants Catesbeee spinosa, and Cateshcea porvifiora. — Lily of the valley, the beautiful flowering plant Convallaria. Lily-handed, lil'-le-hand'-ed, a. Having white delicate hands; feminine. Lilt-livered, lil'-le-liv'-erd, a. White-livered ; cow¬ ardly. Lima-bean, li'-mA-been,B. A kind of pulse, cultlrated in the tropics, the perennial kidney-bean.—Z iwa- loood is a nne kind of Nicaragua wood, produced in South America. Limacboijs, li-ma'-she-u8, a. Belonging to the slug or naked snail, the limaor of Linnaeus. Limacians, li-ma'-she-ans, s.pl. A name comprehend¬ ing the genera of Slugs. Lim .vcid/R, li-mas'-e-de, s.pl. A family of Gastoropodous Mollusca. Limacinba, s.pl. A family of terrestrial snails, of which there are numerous genera. Lim.^n, W-mnn, 8 . A shallow' narrow lagoon at the mouth of a river, where salt is made. Limation, li-ma'-shwi, s. The act of tiling or polish¬ ing. Ltmature, li'-mA-ture, s. A filing; particles rubbed off by filing. Limax, H'-maks, s. (Lat.) A general n»4me of the naked Mollusks, slugs or snails, very destructive to young plants. Limb, um, 8. Extremity of the human body, or of any quadrumanous (u legged animal ; a member; a pro¬ jecting part, as the arm or leg ; a shoot, the branch of a tree , the border or upper spreading part of a monopetalous corol.— of the law, a member of the legal profession.—In astronomy, an edge or border, as of the sun, moon, or any planet. — v.a. To supply with limbs ; to dismember ; to tear off the limbs. Limbate, Hm'-hate, a Bordered; w'hen one colour ia surrounded by an edging of another. Limbec, t Hm'-bek, s. A still ; contraction of alembic. — X v.a. To strain or pass through a still. Limber, Um' her, a. Easily bent; flexible ; pliant; yielding. Limber, Hm'-ber, s. I In artillery, the fore part of a Limbers, lim'-bers, s.pl. I travelling carriage, to which the horses are attached, consisting of twm' wheels and a abaft, with which the cannon are drawn by horses. When brought into action, the gun is unlimbered by unhooking the trail of the carriage.—In a ship, holes cut through the floor-timbers, as a passage for water to the pSiimp-well, sometimes called timber-holes. Limber, hm'-ber, v.a To attach to the gun-cairiage, as, to limber the guns. Limbbrness, Urn' ber-nes, 8. The quality of being easily bent, flexibleness, pliancy. Limbilite, lim'-bil-ite, s. A mineral supposed to be a decomposed chrysolite. Limbiw^ss, Hm'-les,e.. Destitute of limbs. Limb-meal, iiw'-weeZ, 8. A piece-meal. Limbo, lim'-bo, Is. In Romish theology, a region Limbus, Hm'-bus,] bordering on hell; purgatory. Ariosto makes it the place of all lost things , Milton the paradise of fools ; and Shakspeare. hell itself.—A place of restraint or confinement Lime, litne,s. A viscous substance, sometimes laid on twigs for catching birds; calcareous earth, oxide of calcium, much used as a cement; the linden or lime tree ; a species of acid fmit, smaller than the lemon. — v.a. To smear with a visc'^us substance; to en¬ tangle ; to ensnare ; to manure with lime , to cement. Lime-bitrner, limf^-bur-ner, s. One who bums stones to lirne. Limed, Hme’d, pp. of the. verb to lime. Lime-ho»'nd, lime'-how7id, s. A dog used in hunting the wild boar. Lime-kiln, Hme'-kil, s. A furnace in which stones or shells are exposed to a strong heat, and reduced to lime. Lime-plant, Ivne’-plant, s. A name sometimes given to the May-apple. Lime-sink, 8 . A rounded hole or depression in the ground in limestone countries. Limestone, hnie'-stone, s. Stone of which lime Is mad0 by the expulsion of its carbonic acid; carbonate of ifme. Lime-twiq, lim^-twig, s. A twig smeared with lime. TjIme-twiogedi lime^-twigd, a. Smeared with lime. LIME-WATER [ 579 ] LINGUADEWTAL Lnrs-^ ater, lim^^tcatc-ter, s. An aqueous solution of lime. Limino, W-ming, s. The act of inanurinff with lime. Limit, s. Bound; boundary; border; utmost extent; the part that terminates a thing ; restraint.— In geometry, a determinate quantity, or fixed masfni- tudo. — v.a. To bound ; to set bounds to; to confine within certain bounds; to circumscribe; »o restrain ; to restrict. LiKiTiVBLE, Urn'-it-A-ht, a. That may be limited, cir¬ cumscribed, bounded, or restrained. LiMiTiNEOc 8, lim-e-ta'~ne-us, a. P(?rtaining to bounds. LiMfTARiAN, a«i-c- of gabions to cover the men from the enimiy’s fire. Lines generally consist of a series of field-works, either continuous, as lines of approach, of defence, of contra - vaHation, communicntioti , &c.— Line of demarcation is a line which is drawn, by the consent of the parties, to ascertain the limits of certain lands and territories belonging to different powers. Line, v.a. To cover on the inside ; to put in the inside ; to place along by the side of anything for guarding ; to strengthen by additional works or men ; to cover, to add a covering. Line;b. lin'-e-e, s.pl. A natural order of Exogenouf plants, composed of herbs or sub-shrubs, bearing dif- ferent-cohmred fugaceous petals. Lineage, lin'~e-qje, 8 . Race; progeny; family; de¬ scendants in a line from a common progenitor. Lineal, lin'-e-al, a. Composed of lines ; delineated ; in a direct line from an ancestor ; hereditary ; in the direction of a line.— Lineal measure, the measure of length. Lineality, lin-e-aV-e-te, s. The state of being in the form of a line. Lineally, lin'-e-al-le, ad. In a direct line. Lineament, lin'^e-ment, s. Feature ; form : the outline or exterior of a body or figure, particularly of the face. Linear, lin'-e-ar, a. Pertaining to a line; consisting of lines ; In a straight direction.—In botany, like a line ; slender. —Linear perspective is that which regards only the positions, magnitudes, and forms of objects. Linear-shaped, tin'-e-ar-shaypt , a Of a linear shape. Lineatr, lin'-e-ate. a In botany, marked longitudinally with depressed parallel lines. Lineation. lin e-^-8hun,s. Draught; delineation. Lined, line'd, pp. of the verb to line. Linen, Uu'-en, s. Cloth made of flax or hemp; the under part of dress. — a. Made of flax or hemp; resembling linen cloth * white; pale_ Linen-draper, a person who deals in linens. Liner, 8 . A vessel belongingto a regular line of packets; a person who measures land, or plans lines of road. Lino, ling, s. A large fish of the Northern seas, the Oadus molva of Linneeus; a species of long grass, the Erica vulgaris of Linnseus; a Saxon termination, as in firstling, denoting state, condition, or subject,* also the young of animals, as gosling. Linger, ling’-qer, v.n. To remain or wait long ; to be slow; to be in suspense ; to delay; to hesitate. — v.a. To protract. Lingered, Unf -gerd, pp. of the verb to linger. Lingeher, lin^ ger-er , s. One who lingers. Lingering, ling'-ger-ing, ppr. Delaying ; loitering. — a. Drawing out in time; remaining long; pro¬ tracted. — 8. A delaying; a remaining long; tardiness; pro ¬ traction. Lingeringly, linf-ger-ing-le, ad. With delay; slowly, tediously. Linget, ling'-ae.t, s. A small mass of metal. I;iNGLE,t ling'gl, s. Shoemaker’s thread. Lingo,/ mfT'-jio, 8. Language; speech. {Vulgar.) LiijfGrAcious^ ling-gwa'-she-us, a. Talkative; loqua¬ cious. Lingi adental, ling-gwA’den'-tal, a. Formed or uttered by the joint use of the tongue and teeth as the letters d and t. — B. An articulation formed by the tongue and teeth. LINGUA FRANCA [ 680 ] LISH Lingua Pranca, lin^-gwA frang’-M, s. A sort of cor¬ rupt^ Italian mingled with the languages of the Mediterranean coasts, where the language is chiefly spoken. LfNGDAL, hng'-gwaly a. Pertaining to the tongue. Linouiform, IxJig'-gwt-fawrmy a. Having the form or shape of the tongue. Linguist, liii^-gwist, s. A person skilled in languages. Linguistic, Ung-gwi^-tikj ^ a. Pertaining to lin- Linodistical, Ung - gwis ^- te - kal , ) guistics. Linguistics, ling-gwis'-tiks, s pl. The science which treats of the origin, various senses, and application of words. Ljngulat*,+ ling *- gu - late , a. Shaped like the tongue or a strap. Lingttort, Hng'-wurt, s. An herb. Linoy,+ liyV-je, a. Limber; tall; flexible; active; strong ; able to bear fatigue, I 4 NIVENTJ linf-e-ment, s. A species of soft ointment. Lining, li'-ning, s. The covering of the inner surface of anything ; that which is within. Link, hnk, s. A single ring or division of a chain; any¬ thing doubled and closed like a link; a chain; any¬ thing connecting; a torch made of tow or hards, &c., and pitch. — v.a. To complicate; to unite or connecthy some-, thing intervening or in another manner. — v.n. To he connected. Linkboy, link'-boy, Is. A boy or man who cjirries a Linkman, /iVift'-man, / link or torch to light pas¬ sengers. Linked, linkty pp. of the verb to link. Linn/ean, lin-ne'-an, a. Pertaining to the classification of Linnaeus, the celebrated botanist of Sweden. Linnet, lin'-net, s. A small European singing-bird of the flnch family. Linseed, Un’-se.ed, Is. The seed of the flax plant, L 1 NT 8 EED, lint'-seed,) Linum usitatissimum. Lir»sEED-cA_KE, lin'-seed-knke, s. The solid mass, or cake, which remains when oil is expressed from flax¬ seed. Linseed-oil, lin'-seed-oyl, s. Oil obtained hy pressure from flax-seed. Linsbed-tea, lin'-seed-tee, s. A mucilaginous drink made from boiled linseed. Linsby, lin'-se, s. Linsey-woolsey. Linsey-woolset, lin'-se-wooV-ze, a. Made of .linen and wool. Hence, vile; mean; of different and unsuitable parts. — 8 . Stuff made of linen and wool mixed. liiNSTocr, lin'-stok, s. A pointed staff with a crotch or fork at one end, to hold a lighted match; used in firing cannon. Lint, lint, s. Tlie dressed fibres of the flax plant.—In surgery, linen scraped into a soft substance, and used for di’essing wounds. Lintel, lin'-tel, s. The head-piece of a door or window- frame ; the part of the frame that lies on the side pieces. Lion, li'-on, s. A quadniped of the genus felis, very strong, fierce, and rapacious, and remarkable for its roar; a sign in the zodiac, Leo; an object of interest and curiosity, as to visit the Hons of a place. I.roNCEL, li'-on-sel, s. In heraldry, a small lion. Lioness, lV-on~es, s. The female of the lion kind. Lion-hearted, li'-on-hdrt'-ed, a. Having a lion's heart or courage. Lionize, li'-07i~ize, v.n. To visit the objects of curiosity in a place. Lion-lire, 1 ^ ^ Lioni.t, It' on-le, ( ^ lion ; fierce. Lion-mettled, li'-on-meftld, a. Having the courage and spirit of a lion. Lion’s Foot, li'-ofiz fut, s. A plant of the genera catannnche, prenanthes, &c. Lion’s Leap, li'-om leef, s. A tuberous-rooted plant of the Levant. Lion’s Tail, li'-onz tale, s. A plant of the genus leoxiuruM. Lip, lip, s. The edge or border of the mouth ; the edge of anything.-—In hotajiy, one of the two opposite divi¬ sions of a labiate corol.—In conchology, the outer edge of the aperture of a univalve shell.—To ynake a lip, to drop the under Up in sullenness or contempt. —$ v.a. To kiss. Litaris lip'-h-ris, s. The pea-snail, of the family generally found under stones at low-water [ LiP-»EvoTioN,?ijj-8- iTi ii-afural hist.oryy Lithophaoid*. Hth-o-f(ij'-e-de. i a name applied to all Mollusca. Conchifera, Radiata, &c., that penetrate stones, and form a nidus for themselves. Lithophaqous, iith-of'-A-gusy a. Eating or swallowing stones or gravel, as the ostrich. LiTHOPHospHOR,t lith'-o-fo8-fury s. A stone that becomes phosphoric by heat. Lithophosphoric, a. Becoming phos¬ phoric by heat. Lithophyl, lUN-o-fily 8. Bibliolite or llthobiblion, fossil leaves. Lithophytb, Uth'-o-Ji^ey s. A coral zoophyte. liTHOPHYTic, lith-o-Jit'-iky a. Pertaining to litho- phytes. Lithophttotts, a. Pertaining to or con¬ sisting of lithophytes. Lithostrole, lith'-o-stroley 8. A sort of Mosaic pave- ment. . ^ ^ . Lithotint, lith'-o-tinty s. A tint obtained by a brush used on the lithographic stone instead of a crayon. Lithotome. Hth’-o-tome, s. A stone so formed naturally as to appear as if cut artificially. laTHOTOMic, lifh-o-tom'-ik, a. Pertaining to or per¬ formed bv litbotomv. Lithotomist. 8. One who performs the operation of cutting f>r the stone in the bladder. Lithotomy, lith-ot'~o-mey 8. Tlie operation, art, or practice of cutting for the stone in the bladder. Lithotr ipsY, s. The operation of tritu¬ rating the stone in the bladder, so that it may be extracted without cutting. LiTHOTRiPTisT,s. One skilled inhreak- ing and extracting stone in the bladder. Lithotriptor. lifh'-o~trip-‘tnry s. See Lithontrtptor. liiTHOTRiTY, lith-of’-tre-tey 8. The operation of breaking a stone in the bladder. LiTHOxvLRji li k-oks"-il, s. Petrified wood. Lithv./ t'-mc, a. Easily bent; pliable. Litigant, Ht'-e-gant, a. Contending in law; engaged in a lawsuit. — 8. A person engaged in a lawsuit. Litigate, lit'-e-gnte, v.a. To contest in law; to prose¬ cute or defend by law proceedings. — v.n. To dispute in law; to carry on a suit by judicial process. Tjtigated, liV-e~ga~ted, pp. or a. Contested Judicially. IjItigatton, lit-e-ga/-shun, s. The act or process of carrying on a suit in a court of law or equity for the recovery of a right or claim; a judicial contest. Litigious, le-tid'-je-us, a. Inclined to judicial contest; quarrelsome; contentious ; subject to contention. Tutigiouslt, le-tid'-je-us4e, ad. In a contentious man¬ ner. Litigiousness, le-tid’-je-tis-neSy s. A disposition to engage in or to carry on lawsuits; inclination to judicial contests. Litmus, lit'-mus, s. A blue pigment, formed from argol, orchil, or archil, a species of Litmus-paper, unsized paper stained with litmus, which is used as a delicate test of acidity. Litotes, W-to-tes, s. In rhetoricy a diminution or soften¬ ing of statement for the sake of avoiding censure; an affirmation expressed by the negative to the con¬ trary. Tetrameter, li-tram'-e-tery 8 . An instrument invented by Dr. Hare, to ascertain the specific gravity of liquids. Litre, le'try s. A French measure of capacity equal to nearly II imperial pint. Litten' 4/tA'eu, 8. A place intended for the interment of the dead. Litter. W-/pr. 8. A vehicle formed with shafts, sup- portinir a bed between them, in which a person may De borne.—In mVitary matters, & kind of hurdlp bed, on which the wi*unded are carried.—Straw, hay. or other soft substance, used as a bed for horses ; a brood of young pigs, kittens, puppies, or other quadrupeds, waste matters, shreds, fragments, and the like, scat¬ tered on a floor or other clean place. Litter, v.a. To bring forth young, as swine, and other small quadrupeds; to scatter over carelessly with shreds, fragments, and the like; to cover with straw or hay. Littered, lit'-terd, pp. Furnished with straw. — a. Covered or overspread with litter. Little, lit'tl. a.; comp. Less, liBssER , sup. Least. Small in size or extent; diminutive ; of small dignity, power, or importance; of small force or effect; slight* inconsiderable. — 8. A small quantity or amount; anything small, slight, or of inconsiderable importance ; not much. — ad. lu a small degree; slightly; not much ; in a small quantity or space of time; in some degree; slightly, sometimes preceded by a. Littleness, lit/fl-nes, s. Smallness of size or bulk meanness ; want of dignity , penuriousness. Littoral, lit'-to-ral, a. Belonging to a shore, as of the sea, or a great lake. Lituite,8 . A fossil allied to the ammonite, being a chambered shell, and straight, except at its smallest extremity. to a liturgy. Liturgy, Uf-ur-je,%. The established formulas for pub¬ lic worship.—Among Roman Catholics, the mass ; and in the English Church, the communion service. Live, Hv, v.n. To be in a state of animati'm ; to possess the vital principle, as animals or vegetables ; to con¬ tinue in life; to enjoy life; to subsist; to be nourished and supported in 'life ; to he supported, as by one’s labour; to exist.—In Scripture, to be exempt from death, temporal or spiritual; to be inwardly quick¬ ened, and actuated by divine influence ; to be greatly refreshed —Te live with, to dwell or to be a lodger with; to cohabit. — v.a. To continue in, constantly or habitually, as a life of luxury.—To live down, to put down by one‘8 manner of living. Live, live., a. Having life ; living ; having respiration and other oriranic functions in operation ; not dead having vegetable life; containing fire, ignited ; not extinct , v\\\d. — Live-fea.the.rs, feathers which have been plucked from the living fowl, and are therefore more strong and elastic.—a species of oak very durable, and highly esteemed for ship-timber. Lived, livd, a. Having a life, as long-Zirerf Livelihood, Live'-Ie-hud, s. Means^ of living; mainte¬ nance ; subsistence. Livelily, live'-le-le, ad. In a lively manner. Liveliness, live'-le-nes, s. The quality or state of being lively or animated; sprightliness; vivacity; brisk¬ ness ; activity ; effervescence. Livet.ono, liiZ-long, a. Long in passing; ^lasting; du¬ rable. Lively, live'-le, a. Characterised by life, vigour, or animation ; representing life ; brisk; vigorous; sprightly; animated. —+ ad. Briskly ; vigorously; with strong resemblance of life. Liver, liiZ-er, s. One who lives.—In anatomy, a large abdominal organ, of a deep red colour, lying under the false ribs on the right side ; its principal use is to secrete the bile. Liver-colour, a. Dark red ; of the colour of the liver. Livered, liv^-erd, a. Having a liver,^ as white-liv^ed. Liver-grown, livf-er-grone, a. Having a large liver. Liveried, livf-er-id, a. Wearing a livery, as servants. Liver-stone, livf-er-stone, s. A grey or brown species of barytes. Liverwort, lixf-er-wurt, s. The name of many species of plants. See Lichens. Livery, IW-er-t, s. The act of delivering possession of lands or tenements, called livery of seisin; release from wardship ; deliverance ; the writ by which possession Is obtained; a form of dress by which noblemen and gentlemen distinguish their servants; a particular dress or garb, appropriate or peculiar to particular persons or things ; the collective body of liverymen in London. — v.a To clothe in livery. Liverti£\n. IW-er-e-man, s. One who wears a livery, a.** a servant . a freeman of the City of London, who it entitled to certain privileges, among others, the right LIVERY-STABLE [ 683 ] LOOATIOE oi voting in an. election for lord mayor, sheriffs, cham¬ berlains, *&c. Livery-stable, liv'-er-e-sta'bl, s. A stable where horses are kept for hire. Lives, live/i, s.pl. of Life. InvFBTorK. Hvc'-xtok, s A term applied to horses, cattle, and smaller domestic animals Livid,/ tv'-trf, a. Black and blue ; of a lead colour ; dis¬ coloured. liiviDiTY, le vid'-e-te, Is. A dark colour, like that of Lividness, liv'-id-nes, I bruised flesb. Living, Hv'-ing, pret. and a. Residini?; subsistinir; having life, vigorous; active ; producing action and animation, running, flowing. —Living rock, rock in its native or orig nal state or location. — 8. Hi' or those who are alive ; usually with a plural signification ; means of subsistence , estate ; power of continuing life ; livelihood ; the benefice of a clergy¬ man L 1 VING 1 .Y, lUr'-ing-le, ad. In a living state. Livr.^ison, fiv-rn zo7ig', s. (Fr.) A part of a book or literary composition printed and delivered from time to time, as the work advances. Livre, H'-vur, or le'-vr, s. (Th’.) A French money of account: a coin equal to nearly tenpence sterling; the French name for a pound weight. Lixivia L, liks-ii^-e~al, la. Obtained by lixiviation; Lixiviocs, liks-iv'-e-usy] Impregnated with alkaline salt obtained from wood ashes ; resembling lye. Lixiviate, ZiA;s-?V-c afe, la. Pertaining to lye or Lixiviated. Hks-irZ-e-a-tedyS lixivium; 01 the quality of alkaline salts. LixtvtA fh, Hks-iv'-e-atey v.a. To form lye; to impreg¬ nate with salts from wood ashes. Lixiviation, liks-iv-e~a'-shu7iy s. The process of ex¬ tracting alkaline salts from ashes by pouring water on them. Lixivium, liks-iv'-e-uniy b. (liat.) Lye; water impreg¬ nated with alkaline salts imbibed from wood ashes. Lizard, Hz' ard, 8. In zoology, the name of Saurian reptiles generally, comprehending the alligator, cha¬ meleon, &c., but especially applied to the genus lacirta, and other small animals of the Saurian kind. Lizard-stone, Hz'- ard-stone, s. The name of the ser- £ entine marble stone found in Cornwall, near the izard Point, and vvorked up into chimney-pieces and other ornamental works. Lizard-taii.. Uz'-ard-tale, s. An aquatic plant of the genus saururus. Llama, tn'-md. s. In zoology, a wool-bearing quadruped of South America, resernbling the camel in form, but inferior in size , the Ayichenin of Tlliger. Lli.D. Letters standing for Legnm Doctor, Doctor of I.aws, or Litcrnrnm Doctor, Doctor of General Litera¬ ture, an honorary degree grar.led by the Universities. Lloyd’s, loydz, s. A part of the Royal Exchange in London, appropriated to the use of underwriters and insurance brokers; so called from Lloyd’s coffee¬ house having been the original place of meeting. Lo, lo, exclam. I.ook ; see . behold. Loach, I i 8. A small fish of the genus cobitis, Loche. i ’ 1 inhabiting small, clear streams. Load, lode, s. That which is laid on or put in anything for conveyance; a burden , weight; pressure; freight; lading , that vvhich is borne with pain or difficulty ; oppression or violence of blows.—Among miners, the quantity of nine dishes of ore, each dish being about half a hundred weight. — v.a ; pret. and pp. Loaded. To lay on a burden ; to freight; to embarrass; to encumber ; to make heavy by something added or appended, to charge a gun; to bestow or confer on in great abundance. Loaded, lo’-ded, pp. or a. Charged with a load or cargo. Loader, lo'-der, s. One w'ho puls on a load. Loading, s. A cargo; a burden , anything that makes part of a load. Loadmanaqb,J lodef-man-aje, 8 . Pilotage; skill of a pilot. Loadsman,^ lodes'-man, s. A pilot. Loadstar, lode'-star, s. The star that leads ; the pole- star . the cynosure. Loadstone, lode'-stone, 8 . A magnetic iron, which has the power of attracting metallic iron. Loaf, lo/e, 8.; pi. Loaves. A mass of breaa when baked; a lump, or any thick mass.—Loaf-sugar is sugar re¬ fined and formed into a conical mass. Loafer, lo'-fer, s. An idle man; one who seeks his living by mean expedients. Loafing, lo’-f.ng, a. Acting the part of a loafer; re¬ sorting to mean expedients for a living. Loam, lome^ s. A natural mixture of sand and clay with oxide of iron. — v.a. To cover with loam. Loamy, lo'-me, a. Partaking of the nature of loam, or resembling it. Loan, lone, k The act of lending ; that which is lent permission to use ; grant of the xisa.—Loan-office is a public office In which loans of money are negotiated for the public. — v.a. To lend; to deliver to another for temporary use. Loath, a. Disliking; unwilling; reluctant. Loathe, loathe, v.a. To hate ; to look on with hatrea or abhorrence ; to feel disgust at food. Loather, loathe'-er, s. One who loathes. Loathful, loa'h'-fnl, a. Hating; abhorring through disgust; abhorred ; hated. Ix)ath iNGLT, loathe'-ing~le, ad. In a fastidious manner. Loathliness, loathe' le-ne.s, 8 . The quality of exciting disgust or abhorrence. LoathLT, t loathe' le, a. Hateful; exciting hatred. — ad. Unwilling ; reluctantly. Loathness,8 . Unwillingness; reluctance. Loathsome, loa.the'-sum, a. Disgusting ; hateful; ab¬ horred ; causing fastidiousness. Loathsomely ad. In a loathsome manner. Loathsomeness, loathe'-sum-yies, s. The quality which excites disgust, hatred, or abhorrence. Loaves, loaves, s.pl. of Iajaf. Lob, lob, s. A dull, sluggish person; something thick and heavy. — v.a. To let fall heavily or lazily. Lobate, lo'-bate, | a. Consisting of lobes.—In botany, Lobed, lobe'd, j divided to the middle into parts dis¬ tant from each other, with convex margins. Lobby, loh'-be, s. An opening before a room, or an en¬ trance into a principal apartment; a small hall or waiting-room; a small apartment taken from a hall or entry.—In a ship, an apartment close before the captain’s cabin.—In agriculture, a confi^ned place for cattle, formed by hedges, trees, or other fencing near the farm-yard.— Lobby-member, a person who fre¬ quents the lobby of a house of legislation. Lobcock, lobt-kok, s. A sluggish, stupid, inactive person. Lobe, lobe, s. A part or division of the lungs, liver, &c., the lower, soft part of the ear ; a division of a simple leaf; the cotyledon or placenta of a seed. Lobed, loAe'd, a. Lobate. Lobelia, lo be'-le-d, s. A genus of plants embracing the Indian tobacco, often used in medicine; type of the natural order LoheliacecB. Loblolly, lob’-lol~le, s. A seaman’s name for water- gruel, or spoon^ meat.— Loblolly-boy, a surgeon's attendant on shipboard.— Loblolly-bay, the popular name of an ornamental evergreen tree of the mari¬ time parts of the United States; its bark is used in tanning.— Loblolly-tree., a West Indian tree, about thirty feet high, whose fruit is sometimes eaten. LoRscot’SE, Inh'-skows, s. A hash of meat with vege¬ tables of various kinds ; an olio. Lobspound, lohz'-pownd, s. A prison. Lobster, loh'-ster, s. A long-tailed crustacean shell¬ fish, much esteemed for food, of a red colour after being boiled. Lobule, 8 . A small lobe. Local, lo'-kal, a. Pertaining to a place, or to a limited portion of space ; limited or confined £0 a spot, place, or definite district. TjockLisiA, lo'-kal-izm, s. The state of being local; affec¬ tion for a place. Locality, 8 . Existence In a place; limita¬ tion to a county, district, or place, position; situation, geographical place or situation. Localize, lo'-kal-ize, v.a. To make local. liOCAi.iZATioN, lo-kal-e-za' shun, s. The act of localiz¬ ing. Locally, W-kal-le, ad. With respect to place; in place. Locate, lo'-kate., v.a. To set in a particular spot or position ; to select, survey, and settle the bounds of a particular tract of land. Located, W-ka-ted, pp. of the verb to locate. Location, lo-ka'-shun, s. The art of placing, or ol designating the place of; situation with respect ta place; that which is located. LOOH r 684 ] Loaio Loch, loh, s. (Scot.) A lake; a bay oi arm of the sea. Lochia, lo'-ke-dy s. A name given to the evacuations which follow cMldbirth. Lochial, W-ke-alf a. Pertaining to evacuations from xne womb after cliildbirth. IiOCHioRRHAGiA., Zo-&e-or-ra'-Je-d, 8. A profuse flow of the lochia. Lock, lok, s. An instrument used to fasten doors, chests, and the like ; the part of a musket or fowling- piece, or other fire-arm, by which fire is produced for the discharge of the piece; a barrier to confine the water of a stream or canal; an inclosure in a canal, with gates at each end ; a grapple in wrestling; any inclosure; a tuft of hair; a plexus of wool, hay, or other like substance; a flock; a ringlet of hair.— Lock-gate, the entrance into a lock-chamber on a canal, for the admission, &c.. of boats or vessels.— Lock-keeper, one who attends the locks of a canal.— Lock-paddle, a small sluice that serves to fill and empty a lock.— LocJi sill, an angular piece of timber at the bottom of a lock, against which the gates shut.— I^ck a private place where bailiffs tem¬ porarily confine persons under arrest.— Lock-ioeir, in crtMrtZs, an opening above the upper gate of a lock, thi’ough which the waste water from above flows into the lock below ; a weir having a lock. — v.a. To fasten with a lock ; to fasten so as to impede motion; to shut up or confine; to close fast; to encircle or inclose ; to embrace closely ; to confine; to restrain.—In feticing^ to seize the sword-arm of an antagonist by a peculiar movement. — v.n. To become fast, to unite closely by mutual in¬ sertion. Lockage, lokt-aje, s. Materials for locks in a canal; works which form a lock; toll paid for passing the locks ; amount of ascent and descent of the locks on a canal. Locked, lokt, pp. or a. Made fast by a lock; furnished with a lock or locks; closely embraced. Locked- JAW, lokf-jaw ,) 8. A violent conti’action of the ljQCK-3s.vi,lok'-jaw, J muscles of the jaw. by which its motion is suspended; a variety of tetanus. Locker, loJd-er, s. A close place, that may be closed with a lock ; a drawer.—On board ship, a kind of box or chest made alongside the ship. Shot-locker, a strong framework for stowing away the shot until wanted. Locket, lok'-et, s. A small lock ; a catch or spring to fasten a necklace or other ornament; a little gold case worn as an ornament, often containing a lock of hair. liOCKisT, lok'-ist, 8. An adherent of Locke, the philoso¬ pher. Lockless, loJd-les, a. Destitute of a lock. Lockram,+ lok'-ra^.i, s. A kind of coarse linen. Locksmith, lok'-smiih, s. An artificer who makes or mends locks; a belihanger. Lo-^kt, a. Having locks or tufts. lAvjo-DEsciupTivE, lo'-ko-de-skrip'-tiv, a. Describing a particular place or places. Loco-foco, lo'-ko-fo'~ko, s. The name of a friction- match ; a name applied, in the United States, to an III tra - democrat. Locomotion, lo-ko-mo'-shiin, 8. The act or power of moving from place to place. Locomotive, lo-ko-mo'-tiv, a. Moving or changing from place to place.—A locomotive engine is a steam-engine placed on wheels, and employed in moving a train of cars :;ii a railway, so called in contradistinction to a szatxonary engine. Locomotiveness, lo-ko-mo'-tiv-nes, 1 s. The power of Locomotivity, lo-ko-mo-tW-e~te, j traction, or of changing place. Loculament, ioft'-w-Zd-wieni, 8. In feoiany, the cell of a pericarp in which the seed is lodged. Loculicidal, lok-u-le-si'-dal, di.. In botany, 0 . ap¬ plied to the dehiscence of a pericarp. Loculose, lok'-u-lose, a. In 6o^any, divided internally into cells. Loers, lo'-kus, s. (Lat.) In geometry, a line or surface over which a point may travel so as always to be in a position which satisfies some given condition ; the line generated by a point, moving according to a fi.xed law. Locust, io'-fcusi, 8. The name given to insect^ of vari¬ ous genera (of the order Orthoptera, and the genus ioewsia), which are often so numerous in some parts of Africa and Asia that they fiy in immense clouds and destroy all vegetation; a name of several jilants and trees,—Locust-tree, a well-known tree, valuable at timber for its durability. Locution, t lo-kew*-shun, B. Discourse; manner ol speech. Lode, lode, s. In mining, a metallic vein, or any regu¬ lar vein or course ; a cut or reach of water. LoDQABLEji" lodf-d bl, a. Capable of affording a tempo¬ rary abode. Lodge, lodj, v.a. To place in a temporary haljitaiion ; to afford shelter for the night; to place ; to plant; to infix ; to settle in the heart, mind, or memory , to en¬ tertain ; to harbour; to cover , to beat dowm as grain. — v.n. To reside; to dwell; to rest in a place for a time: to fall down and become entangled, as ginin. — s. A small house or habitation in a park or forest; a temporary habitation; a hut ; a den ; a cave; any place where a wild beast dwells ; a meeting of fi’ee- masons. Lodged, lodjd, pp. of the verb to lodge. Lodger, lodj'-er, s. One who lives at board, or who has a bed in another’s house for a night; one who resides ill any place for a time. Lodging, lodj'-ing, s. A place of rest for a night, or of residence for a time ; temporary habitation; apart¬ ment; harbour; eiyver.—Lodging-house, a bouse let out by the tenant in separate apartments.—Xodyinys, • rooms let out for hire. Lodgment, lodf -ment, s. The act of lodging, or the state of being lodged; accumulation or collection of something deposited or remaining at rest.—In military affairs, an encampment made by an army; a work cast up by besiegers during their approaches, in some dangerous post. Loess, lo'-es, s. (Ger.) In geology, the name of an allu vial tertiary deposit of calcareous loam. Loffe,± lof, v.n. To laugh. Loft, loft, s. A room or space next under the roof; a stoiy or floor above another. Loftily, lof'-te-le, ad. On high ; in an elevated place , proudly ; haughtily ; with elevation of language, sublimely ; in an elevated attitude. Loftiness, lof'-te-nes, s. Height; elevation in place or position ; attitude ; pride \ haughtiness ; dignity ; sublimity ; elevation cf diction. Lofty, lof'-te, a. Elevated in place or in condition; elevated with pride ; puffed up ; elevated in sentiment or in demeanour ; dignified, stately, or majestic. Log, log, s. A bulky "piece or slick of wood or timber, unhewed ; a Hebrew measure of liquids.—In naviga¬ tion, a machine for measuring the rate of a ship’s velocity through the water. The Leg-hoard, on board ship, cdn.sists of two boards, shutting like a book, and divided into columns, containing the hours of the day and night, &c., from which is formed the Log-book, a book into which are transcribed the contents of the log-htiard. Log-line is a line or cord about a hundred and fifty fathoms in length, fastened to the log by means of two legs. Log-reel, a reel in the gallery of a ship, on which the log-line is wound. —i v.n. To move or rock ; hence logan-rock. Logarithm, log’-d-rithm, s. In mathematics, the ex¬ ponent of the power to which a fixed number, called the base, must be raised to produce a certain other number. Logarithmetic, log-d-rith-met'-ik, \ a. Pertaining Logarithmetical, log-d-rith-met'-e-kal, / to or con- Logarithmic, log-d-rith'-mik, 4 sisting of Logarithmical, log-d-rith'-me-kal, / logarithms. Loggats,$ log'-gats, s. The name of a play or game like nme-pins. Loggerhead, log'-ger-hed, s. A blockhead; a dolt; a thick-skull; a spherical mass of iron, with a long handle.— To fall to loggerheads, to come to blows ; to fall to fighting without weapons. Loggerheaded, log'-ger-htd-ed, a. Dull; stupid ; doltish. Log-heap, loff-heep, s. A pile of logs for burning in clearing land. Log-house, log'-hows, \ s. A rough kind of building. Log-hut, log'-hxit, ■ j composed of logs of wood roughly laid on each otlier. Logic, lod'-jik, s. The art of thinking and reasoning justly, its purpose being to direct the intellectual powers in the investigation of truth, and in the com¬ munication of it to others; the art of draiving legiti¬ mate conclusions from premises or principles assumed to he just. LOGICAL [ 585 ] LONGIPENHATE Logical, lo^-je-kat, a. Pertaining or according to the rules of logic; skilled in logic : versed in the art of thinking and reasoning , discriminating. Locjically, lod'-je-kal-lcy ad According to the rules of logic. Logician, 8. A person skilled in logic. Logistic, io-jis'-tik, ) a. Relating to sexagesimal Logistical, } fractions. — loya- rithmi are ceitain logarithms of sexagesimal numbers or fractions, used in astronomical calculations. Logman, log' man, s. A man who caiTies logs, one whose occupation is to cut and convey away logs. Logod-edalist, log-o-de'-dal-ist, s. An inventor of new words. Looographic, la. Pertaining to Logographical, log-o-graf'-e-kal, j logograpiby. Logography, ^o-go(/-rd-fa, s. A method of printing in which a type represents a word, instead of forming a letter Logoorifh,$ log'-o-grif, s. A sort of riddle. Logomachist, lo-goni'-d-kisty s. One who contends about words. Logomachy, lo-gotn'-d-kSf s. Contention m words merely ; a war of words. Logometric, log-o~met'-rik, a. Pertaining to a scale intended to measure or ascertain chemical equiva-, lents. Logotype, log^-O'fipe, 8 . A name given to two or more letters cast in one piece; as,#, ononk8s,+ lo>ig'-nes,% Length. Long-pr!mek, long' prim~er, s. A printing type of a particular size, next to small pica. Lono-ron. long'-ruH, s. Tlie whole course of things taken together; the final result. TiOno-shankkd, long'-shankt, a. Having long legs. I.ONo-sHOKEMEN, long-shore'-men, s.pl. A name given in I.ondon to a large body of poor liverymen, who have the reputation of selling their united votes at city elections. Long-sightedness, long-sV-ted-nes, 8 . The faculty of seeing objects at a great distance. Longsome4 long'-simif a. Extended in length; tire¬ some ; tedious. Ik:no-tom. long'-fom,^. A cradle used by miners at the gold-fields for washing out gold. Lono-tonoced, long'-tungd, a. Babbling ; rating ; quarrelsome. Long-vacation, long-vd-ka'-shwi^B. In the period between Trinity and Michaelmas terms. Longways, lotig'-nags, ad. Lengthwise. Long-winded, long-u?m'-ded, a. Long-breathed; te¬ dious in speaking LoNowi8E,t long'-wtze, ad. In the direction of length; lengthwise. LoNi8H,t lo'-nish, a. Somewhat solitary. Loo, looy 8. A game at cards. ~v.a. To beat the opponents by winning every trick at the game. Loorilt, loo'-be-le, ad. lake a booby; in an awkward, clumsy manner. Loobs, loobs, 8. The slime or sludge containing ore. (Zocal.) Looby, loo'-be, 8. An awkward, clumsy fellow; a lubber. ^ > tioor, loof, 8. The after part of a ship’s bow. See Lttfp. Look, look, v.n. To direct the eye toward an object, with the intention of seeing it; to have the sight or view of; to direct the intellectual eye, to apply the mmd or understanding ; to consider; to examine ; to take care , to seem ; to appear; to have a particular appearance; to face; to front.—To look about, to look on all sides, or In different directions.—To look about 07ie to be on the watch , to be vigilant.—To look after, to take care of; to search.— To ^ook for, to expect , to search.—To U>ok into, to inspect closely.—To look on, to regard; to esteem, to be a mere spectator.—To look over, t(* exaniine one by one.—To overlook, to pass over without seeing.—To look out, to be on ♦’he w'atch.— To look to, or unto, to toke cure of, to resort to with con¬ fidence Gr expectation of receiving S'lmething.—To look thro7igh, to penetrate with the eye or with the understanding v.a To turn the eye upon , to influence by looks or presence, tto search for.— To look out, to search for and discover.— To ^ook in the face, to face or meet with boldness —To look nr a thing is to search for it and find it —Id the imperative, look/ is used to exefre attention. — 8. The act of looking or seeing . sight; aspect; ap¬ pearance.—Loo4-ot«f, a careful looking or watching for any object or event; a small tower with windows, on the roof of a house, for viewing the scenery around. ^ Looked, lookt, pp. of the verb to look. Looker, look'-er, s. One who looks. —A looker on, a mere spectator. Lookin(^ look^-ing, a. Search or Bearching.—ZooAfna for, expectation. Looking-glass, look'-ing-glas, 8. A glass which reflects the form of the person who looks on it; a mirror. Lool, tool, s. In metalhirgij, a vessel used to receive thifl washings of ores of metals. Loom, loo7n, s A machine or frame in which a weaver works threads into cloth; a bird of tlie size of a oose.—J/cir /oom, in law, is a personal chattel that, y special custom, descends to an hefr with the inhe¬ ritance. — v.n. To appear above the surface either of sea o land, or to appear larger than the real dimensions • ta rise in the world. Loom-gale, Inom'-gale, s. A gentle gale of wind. Looming, loo7n' iugj s. The indistinct and magnified appearance of objects seen in particular states of the atmosphere; mirage. Loon loon, s. A sorry fellow , a rogue; a migratory water fowl, the great northern diver. LooNOHiE,/oo«g^'-/i#-,s. An Indian fabric of rich-coloured silk and cotton, made in .Scinde. Loop, looi>, 8- A folding or doublitiir of a string or a noose, through whirh a lace or cord mav be run for fastening; a small, narrow opening; a loophole.—In xrnn^corks, the part of a row or block of cast iron, melted off for the forge or hammer. Looped, loopt. a. Full of holes. Loopers, loop-ere, s.pl. The larvae of certain species of moths, which form a loop w’hen crawling. Loophole, loop'-hole, s. A small opening in the walls of a fortification or in the bulk-head of a ship, through which small arms or other weapons are discharged ; a hole or aperture that gives a passage ; a passage for escape; means of escape. Loopholed, loop'-hole'df a. Full of holes or openings for escape. Looping, loop'-ing, 8. In metalhirgy, the running toge¬ ther of the matter of an ore into a mass, when the ore is only heated for calcination. Loop-line, loop'-line, s. A connecting line of railway running into the tmnk line. Loord,! loord, s. A dull, stupid fellow; a drone. Loos,$ loos, 8. Praise ; renown. Loose, loose, v.a. To unbind ; to free from any fasten¬ ing ; to relax ; to liberate ; to free from obligation; to relieve ; to free from anything burdensome ; to disen • gage ; to detach ; to remit; to absolve. — v.n. To set sail; to leave a port or harbour. — a. Unbound ; untied ; not fastened ; not tight ot close; not close or compact; not concise ; lax vague ; indeterminate ; unconnected ; rambling ; of lax bowels ; wanton; um-estrained in behaviour; licentious, containing unchaste language; tfree from obligation.—To break loose, to escape from con¬ finement; to gain liberty by violence.—To let loose, to free from restraint or confinement; to set at liberty. — 8. Freedom from restraint; liberty Loosed, loost, pp. of the verb to loose. Loosely, loose-le, ad Not fast; not firmly; without confinement, without union or connection; irregu¬ larly ; negligently , carelessly ; meanly ; slightly wantonly 1 dissolutely. Loosen, V a To free from tightness, tension, or fixedness , to render loss dense or compact; to free from restraint, to facilitate aJvine discharges. — v.n To become loose ; to bei'ome less tight, firm, or compact. Loosened, loos'jid, pp. of the verb to loosefi. Looseness, 8 The slate of being loose or re¬ laxed , laxity , levity , irregularity ; habitual devia¬ tion from strict rules; lewdness; flux from the bowels , diaTTlnea Loosestrife, loose'-strife, s. The common name of the plant Lyshnac.hin V7dgnris. and others of the same genus. Loot, loot, s. Military plunder, a word of frequent use in India. Loo-table, loo-ta' hi, s. A round table for a sitting- room , a card table. ® Lootah, loo'-td, 8. A brass water vessel used in India, of variable dimensions. ^ ^et fa% ^ ^ separate; to — 8. That which is cut from trees; locally, a flea LoPEjt lope, pret of Leap. Lophjadjs, li-fi'-d-ds, s.pl. A family of Acanthoptery LOPHIODOU [ 687 i LOUT ^oos fishes, of which the broad-headed lophuis is the Ijophiodon, 8 . A fossil a nima l allied to the ithinoceros and tapir. Lopped, lo/>t, pp. ol the verb to lop. Loppeu, lop*-per, s. One who lops or cuts trees. Lopping,/ op'-ptn^, s. That wliich is cut off. LopS!UBD, iop-st'-dcd, a. Heavier on one side than the other. Loot?\cioTJS,a. Talkative; given to con¬ tinual talking ; noisy ; babbling. Loquaciously, lu-kwa'-sltus-le, ad. In a loquacious manner. Loquaciousness, lo-ktva’-shu$-neSy I 8 . The habit or liOQuiciTT, lo-kivas'-e-te. i practice of talk¬ ing continually or excessively; talkativeness; gar- . . . . r LoranthacejE, lo-rnti-thn'-se-e, s.pl. A natural order of plants, consisting chiefly of parasitical Exogenous shrubs, of which the lornnthus is the type. Lorcha , tor'-ka, s. A peculiar class of trading vessel on the Indian Sea. Lord, inwrd, s. A master; a person possessing supreme power and authority ; a ruler; a gov<‘rnor , a tyrant; an oppressive ruler; a husband ; a baron ; the pro¬ prietor of a manor; a nobleman; a title of lionour given to those who are noble by birth or creation ; a peer of tlie realm ; an honorary title bestowed on cer¬ tain official characters, as, ^o/d chancellor.—In Scrip- ture, the Supreme Being ; Jeliovah.— Lord of tmsnue, one formerly chosen to preside over the sports and revels of a lamilv during Christmas holidays.—Lord lieutenant of Ireland, the representative of royalty in that country.— Lord lieutenant of a county is one deputed by toe sovereign to manage its military con¬ cerns.— Lord Mayor is the title of the chief magistrate of the cities of London, Dublin, and York, v.a. To invest with the dignity and privileges of a —^vnn’ To domineer; to rule with arbitrary or despotic sway, gencrallv followed by it or over. LoiiOiiiQA lawrd'-ing, Is. A Uttle or diminutive Lorolinq, laivrd' -ling y ] lord. , , , , . Lord-like, toicrd'-ii/ce, a. Becoming a lord; haughty; proud; insolent. ^ Lordliness, laivrd'-le-neSy 8. Dignity; high station; pride; haughtiness. . . ^ . . Lordly , tawrd'-le, a. Becoming or pertaining to a lord; with pride or aiTogance ; haughty; imperious ; over¬ hearing. „ — ad Proudly ; imperiously ; despotically. Lordship, laivra'-ship , s. A title of honour given to noblemen, or to certain persons in high authority; dominion ; power ; domain ; the territory of a lord; a manor. ^ _ nt. ■ Lord’s-suvper, Lawrds-&up*-per,&. In the i,nrxBitan Churchy the sacrament of the Eucharist. Lore, lore, s. Learning ; doctrine ; Instruction. Lorrl,4: lor'-ely s. -\n abandoned scoundrel; a vagrant. Loresman ioj'es'-wmn, 8. An instructor. Lorgnette, lor-net', s. An opera glass; a small spy¬ LoRiANA,/o-rt'-d-ne,8.pl. The Lories, a sub-family of the FHttacidcBy or Parrots. Loricate, lor'-e-kate, v.a. To plate over; to spread over as a plate for defence. Loricated, pp. of the verb to loricate. LoRicATioN, lor-e-ka'-shun, s. The act or operation of covering anything with a coating or crust for de- fence. j Lorimer,$ lor'-e-mer, s. A maker of hits, spurs, and metal mountings for saddles and bridles ; a saddler.— The Lorimers' Compatiy is one of the minor livery companies of London. LoRiNG,i lo’-ring, 8. Instructive discourse. Loriot,/ o'-r#--o, 8. (Fr.) The golden oriole. , LoRiPED, lor*-€-pcdy &. A nioUuscan animal, having the fool prolonged into a kind of cylindrical cord. Loris. )o'-ris,s. The popular name of several species of lemur in Ceylon and Java. Lorn, laiorn, a Lost, forsaken ; lonely. Lorrie, lor'-re, s. A coal-cart. I^RY, to’-re, 8. A name common to a subordinate genus of tropical birds of the Lorianovy or Parrot family. TiOSABLEi-t looz'-h-bly a. That may be lust. Lose, looze, v.a.; pret. and pp. Lost. To mislay; to part or be separated from a thing; to forfeit b^ un¬ successful contest; to be deprived of; to forfeit; to suffer diminution or waste of; to ruin; to destroy, to wander from; to miss; to bewilder: to possess no longer ; to be deprived of; to waste ; to squander ; to tlirow away; to ruin; to cause to perish ; to throw away ; to fail to obtain.— To lose one’s self, to be be¬ wildered ; to have the memory and reason suspended. Los-e, v.n. To forfeit anything in contest; not to win; to decline ; to fail. LosEL,f loz’-cly s. A wasteful fellow; one who loses by sloth or neglect. — a. Wasteful; slothful. LosKNGEK,t loz'-en-Jer , s. A deceiver. Loser, iooz'-er, s. One who is deprived of anything by defeat, forfeiture, or the like. Losh-hidr, losh'-hidey s. A hide not dressed in any way, but simply oiled. Losing, looz'-ing, ppr. Parting from ; missing. — a. Bringing or causing loss. Losingly, Looz^-ing le, ad. In a losing manner. Loss,/os, 8. Deprivation of tliat which was once pos¬ sessed; privation, injury; destruction, ruin; aefeat, M'aste.— To hear a loss, to make good ; to sustain a loss without sinking under it.—To 6e at a Zoss, to be puz¬ zled ; to be unable to determine. Los8FrL,t los'-ful, a. Detrimental. Lossless, J los'-les, a. Free from loss. Lost, lost, pp. or a. (fn)m Lose). Mislaid; that cannot be found; ruined ; destroyed ; wasted or forfeited ; perplexed, alienated , sliipwrecked Lot, tor, s. Chance, hazard, fortune; that by which the fortune of one is determined ; a distinct portion or parcel.— To cast lots, is to use or tlirow a die, or some other instrument. — To dra^r lots, to determine an event by drawing one thing fr om a number whose marks are concealed from the drawer, and thus deter¬ mining an event. — v.a. To allot; to assign ; to distribute ; to sort; to catalogue ; to portion. Lot .A, lo-td, s. The name of a little anguilliform mud¬ fish. Lote-treb, lot^-tree, s. The African shrub Zizyphus lotus, the lotus of the Lotophagi, or Lotus-eaters. The fruit is used as food for cattle, and converted into bread by the natives. Loth, loath, a. Disliking ; unwilling ; reluctant. See Loath and Loathe. Lotion, lo’-shun, s. A washing; a liquid preparation for washing and cleansing the skin, to make it fair. Lotted, lot'-ted, pp. of the verb to lot. Lottery, lof-te-re, 8. A scheme for the distribution of prizes by chance allotment. ; Lotus, lo*-tus, s. A genus of leguminous plants, the name of which was applied to an Egyptian plant (the Water-lily of the Nile), and to the several species of the genus lotus. Loud, ZoicrZ, a. High-sounding ; striking the ear with great force; noisy; boisterous; clamorous; em- phatical ; impressive. Loud, Zoted, lad. With loudneM; noisily; cla- Loudly, loivd*-le,] morously. Loudness, loivd'-nes, s. Great sound or noise; clamour; turbulence; uproar. Lough, lok, s. A lake or arm of the sea; a different orthography of the Scottish loch. Louis d’or, loo'-e dare*, s. A gold coin of France, value about twenty shillings stei ling. Lounge, lotvto, v.n. To spend time lazily; to move idly about; to recline at ease ; to loll. — 8. The act of reclining at ease; a place for lounging. Lounger, lownj'-er, s. An idler ; one who loiters away his time in Indolence. Lounging, lowi^j'-ing, ppr. or a. Passing the time in idleness. Lourdibr, loor'-de-er, s. A kind of mattress. Louse, louse, s.; pi. Lice. A small, troublesome insect of the genus pecnculus, of which there are numerous species that infest the bodies of animals and plants. Louse, lowze, v.a. To clean from lice. Lousewort, louse*-tourt, s. A genus of herbaceom plants. See Pedicci aris. LouaiLY loioz'-e-le, ad- In a mean, paltry manner. Lousiness, 8. The state of abounding with Lou*sy. lowz'-e, a. Swarming with lice ; infesting with lice ; mean ; low ; contemptible. [Vulgar.) Loot, lowt, 8. A mean, awkward fellow ; a bumpkin a clown. —% v.n. To bend; to bow ; to stoop. LOUTISH [ 6S8 ] LOZENGY Lodtish, loxct'-ish^ a. Clownish ; rude ; awkward. I/OUTisHLY. lowt'-ish-le y ad. lake a clown; in a rude, clumsy, awkward manner, lyomsTi NE8S, loivt-ish-nen, 9>. Clownishness Locvrjv, Loo'vr, s. A.D opening in the roofs of ancient buildings for the escape of smoke or for ven-tilatioii; a lantern. — A louvre uindow, in church steeples, is an opening crossed by bars of wood to exclude rain, but ^ allow the passage of sound from the bells. TjOvable, Itiv'-d-hl, a. Worthy of h)ve ; amiable. liOVAGE luv'-aje.y 8- An herb of the genus ligusticum, 6(*metimos cultivated as a pot-herb; a liqueur, or cordial. Love, luv, v.a. To be pleased with; to regard with affection; to have a strung, a tender, or a dutiful affection for ; to have benevvt'-8trvtg, 8. The string of a lute, a plain stout silk, used for ladies’ dresses. LoTHEKA-N./m'-^/i^-rni^a. Pertaining to or following Luther, the reformer — s. A disciple or fijllower of Luther. . Lutheran ism, lew'-ther -an-izniy s. The doctrines of re¬ ligion aN tauglit by Luther. , . j #■ Li'th i-RN ,/««•'Mera, s In nrc/iiif'c^ure, a kind of win¬ dow ov«!r the cornice, in the roof of a building. Lutusb, a. Miry , covered with clay. Ll’ti'LENT, a. Muddy tuvbid , thick. ^ Lux.^te, Inks'-afCt v.a. I’o dislocate,or put out ot joint, to remove from its proper place. ...... , Luxated, luks'-a-ted, pp. or a. Put out of joint; cUslo- Luxation, Inks a'-shun, s. The act of moving or forcing a joint from its proper place or articulation ; a dislo¬ cation. Luxe,± hiks, 8. Luxury. . Luxuriance, lug-ze.tv'-re-ansef ) 8. Strong, vigorous Luxurianct, lng-zeu/’7’e-(n^‘Set ) growth ; exube¬ rance, excessive growth. . Luxuriant,/ ity-scjc'-re-rtn^, a. Exuberant in growth, abundant; superfluous in abundance. Luxuriantlt, liig-zew'-re-cint-le, ad. ^ith exuheiant Leyc'^ATE, hw-xew’-re-ate, v.n. To i^ow exuberantly ; to feed or live luxuriously ; to expatiate wuth delight, as in description. Luxcriation, lug-zew-re-a'-shuny s. The process of growing exuberantly, or beyond the natural growth. Luxurious, Itig-zew'-re-us, a. Indulging freely or ex- ces-sively the gratification of appetite, or in expensive dress ana eouipage ; administering to luxury ; volup¬ tuous , effeminate; softening by pleasure, or tree in¬ dulgence in luxuiy ; lustful; liDidinous ; ^luxuriaiir , exuberant. . . v , Loxurioubut, lug-zew'-re-us-Uy ad. In abundance ol rich diet, dress, or equipage ; delicioi^ly. LuxouionsNEss, tug-zew'-I'e-us-ties, s. A state ot luxuiy or of great abundance. LuxuRiST,i- luk'-shu-risl One given to luxury. Luxury, ftiA:' shu-re, 8. The unrestrained enjoyment of the pleasures and indulirences which wealth and abundance afford ; voluptuousness, sensuality ; e^i- curism, effeminacy; the pleasures of the table ; gratification of appetite, or indulgence in costly dress and equipage; anything delightful to the senses; iiuxm'iance ; exuberance of groYvth. Ly, ii. (Sax.) A very frequent terminaUon of adjec¬ tives or adverbs, as manly, for man-like ; a Chinese liind-nieasure, about one-tliird of an English mile. IjYam, H'-atn, s. A leash for holding a liound. Lycantheupt, li-kan'-thro-pe, s. A species of insanity, In which the pnlient imagines himselt to be a woil, and howls like one. rr * ' Ltgaon, li-ka' on,s. The Hyaena dog,theKy«?m fri- calor of Brooks, and somewhat smaller than Uia hyaena or wolf. . ^ ^ Lyceum, a. A place appropriated to instmc- tion by lectures or di.«quisitions, and so cjilted from the Lgvetnn in ancient Greece, where Aristotle taught philosophy; an association of men foi literaiy mr provemeni. , , . Ltchnidek, lifi-nid’-e-d, s.pl. A general name mi plHiit> belonging to the genus Phlox, of which the brighi-fiow(‘ring lychnis i?» the type. Lt( HNOIOTE, lik'-no-bite, 8. (Ur.) A niutnight student one who studies or labours during the nigh and L?cmH)N^L!*f^^o-rfon'-tcs,8.pl- Fossil teeth, supposed to be those of a spoeies of wolf-fish. . <• i i Ltcopodiace.*, li-ho-po-de-a' -se-Cy s.pl. A family Cj moss-like plants, sometimes termed club-mosses, ot which the Lycopodium is the type. Ltcopodiacbous H-ko-po-de-a -se-us a. Helongiiig ts the Lycopod LYCOPODIUM [ 692 ] MAOHINATIOU Ltl'Opodium. U-ko-po'-de-umy 8. A fine yellow powder, the seed or the club-moss, which buims with a bright fiash. Lydian, lid'-e-an, a. Pertaining to Lydia, a country of Asia Minor, or to its people ; hence, soft; effeminate ; noting a land of soft, slow music.— Lydian-st07ie is a kind of flint, allied to horn-stone. Lye, ii. s. An alkaline solution, usually consisting of dissolved potash. — is a square box in which lye is kept by printers for washing the ink off the lace of the types, after printing. Lying, li'-mg, ppr. of Lie, or a. Being prostrate;' telling falsehood; addicted to falsehood.— Lying to. the state of a ship when her progress is checked either by counterbracing the yards or taking in sail.— Lying in, being in childbirth — s. The practice of telling lies. Lyinglt, li'-ingAe, ad. Palsely ; without truth. 1 is of a disease. LYTiiRACEiE, lith-ra'-se-e, s.pl. A natural order of Saxafragal Exogens, of wliich Lythrum, or Purple Loosestrife, is the tvpe. M. ]VT is the thiiteenth letter of the English alphabet; it ^ is called a semi-vowel, and its sound is uniform. —.As a numeral letter it stands for one thousand, and vj ith a dash over it, for a thousand times a thousand, or a mniion.—As an initial, A.M.or M-.\. stands for artium magister, master of arts; M.D. for medicinat doctor, doctor of medicine ; A.M. for anno mundi, the year of the world; MS. for manuscript; MSS. for manuscripts.—In marking time, M. is used for meri¬ dian; A.M. for ante mei'idiem, forenoon; P.M. for post mei'idiem, afternoon. Mar, »iaZ>,s. In northern mythology, the queen of the imaginary beings nailed fairies; a slattern. — v.n. To dress negligently. Mac, mak, in names of Scotch and Irish origin, sig¬ nifies son. Macacus, ma-ka'-ku8,s. The Ape-baboon,distinguished by its elongated muzzle. Macadamize, mak-ad'-am-ize, v.a. To cover a road, way, or path, with small broken stones, and so callea from the first projector’s name. Macadamizing, mak-ad’-am-ize ing, s. An improved system of covering roads with small broken stones, so as to form a smooth, hai d surface. Macaroni, mak-a-ro'-ne, s. A kin d of biscuit made of the dough of fine flour formed in small tubes of tlie size of a goose-quill; a medley; a sort of droll or fool; a fop ; a finical fellow. Macaronic, mak-a-ron'-ik, a. Pertaining to or like a macaroni j trifling ; vain ; affected ; consisting of a mixture or jumble of words of diftcrent languages. — s. A kind of burlesque poetry, in which words of different languages are intermixed, and native words are made to end in Latin terminations, or Latin words are modernized. Macaroon, mak’-h-roon, s. A small cake, composed chiefly of almonds and sugar; a finical fellow, or macaroni. Macauco, s. A name of several species of four-handed animals of the genus Lemur. Macaw, ma-kau', s. The name of a race of beautiful American birds of the Parrot family.— JSIacaw-tree is a species of palm-tree, which occurs in considerable abundance in the West India Islands, the fruit of which yields a valuable oil. Maccabean, mak-ka-be'-an, a. Pertaining to the Jewish princes called Maccabees. Maccabees,^ maA:'-*a-6ces, s.pl. The name of certain apocryphal books of the Old Testament which treat of Jewish affairs in the time of the Maccabees. MaccoboYj mak'-ko-boy. s. A kind of snuff'. Mace, wrtfs, 8. A kina of club; an ensign of authority borne before magistrates; the heavier rod used in billiards; a spice; the external envelope of the seed of the nutmeg used in pastry or confectionery.— ale, ale spiced with niacc.—A fish measure, a mace or maize of herrings being 500 in number. Mace-bearer, mais-ba'-rer, s. A person who carries a mace. Mace-proof, mais'-pi’oof, a. Free from arrest. Macerate, mas'-er-ate, v.a. To make lean; to harass with corporeal hardships; to cause to pine or waste away ; to soften and separate the parts of a substance by steeping it in a fiuid. Macerated, ma^-er-a-ted, pp. or a. Made thin or lean steeped almost to solution. Maceration, rnas-ei'-a'-shun, s. The act or the process of making thin or lean by wearing away ; the opera¬ tion of softening and almost dissolving by steeping in a fiuid. Machetes, ma-ke'-tes, s.pl. The Ruffs, a genus of Wading birds, of the family Longirusires. Machiavelian, mak-e-a-vel'-yan, a. Pertaining tc Machiavel, or denoting his principles ; politically cunning. — s. One who adopts the principles of Machiavel. Machiavelism, mak'-e-d-vel-izm, s. The principles of Machiavel; political cunning and artifice. Machicolated, mak-c-ko-la'-ted, a. A term applied to castles having macMcolations, or overhanging battle¬ ments. Machicolation, mak-e-ko-la'-sMm, s. A term aff»plied to openings at the tops of old castles and fortifications, through which combustibles, melted lead, and stones were dropped on the heads of the assailants. Machicoulis, mak'-e-koo-lis, s. (Gr.) In fortthcaiion a projecting parapet or balcony, with holos between the corbels for firing through. Machinal, mak'-e-nal, a. Pertaining to machines Machinate, mak'-e-nate, v.a. To plan ; to contrive i tO form a scheme. Machination, mak-e-na'-shun, s. The act of planning or contriving a scheme for executing some purpose MAOHINATOE [ 6!)3 ] MAGIAN an artftd design formed with deliberation and with ctU intent, „ , , „ deCBiNATOa, mak'-e-na~lur, 8. One who forms a scheme, or who plots with eril designs. KiCBiNi!, wi(i-sA.’tn', 8. Any work or invention used to augment or regulate force or motion ; any complex itruciure, consisting of a combination or peculiar aodtflcation of the mechanical powers; an engine ; a» Instrument of force.—Mnchine-ruler, an instrument wlirh lines or rules paper according to pattern. MiCHiNKRv, mfi-shee7i'-e-re, s. The component parts ot a complex machine, taken collectively; machmes m general —In epie and dramntic poetry, superhuman agency introduced for the purpose of solving diffl- MtcHiNiNo,!: mA-sheen'-ing, a. Denoting themaehmery of a poem. viva.,.. — s. The printing of newspapers or hook-siieets at a steam-machine. . . M-achinist, ma-s/ieen'-wi.s. A constructor of machines and engines; one versed in the principles of ma¬ chines. Milcilenct, mas'~6-l6n-se,6. Leanness. MaciIiEnt, a. Lean; thin. Mackerel, mak'-e-rel, s. A salt-water fish of the genus sro-raber, an excellent table fish; a pander or pimp.— Mackerel Qole, a term applied to a fresh gale of >\md. ■^Mackerel sky, a sky in which the clouds are broken up into fleecy masses. * 1 , Mackintosh, mak'-in-tosK, 8. A term applied,^from the name of the inventor, to waterproof India-rubber s. Among printers, a blur wMch has tlie appearance of double printing. Macle, ma'sl, s. A variety of chiasto^’ <, the cryscalb of which present a tesselated appearan e v.a. To sell weavers’ good to the shopkeepers. Ma^luritk, mak'-lu-rite,^ s. The mineral chondrodite. Macon, nicr'-fttoi, s. A kind of wind. Macrobiotic, mak-ro-bi-ot'-ik, a. Loiig-iivea. M 4 CR 0 cerciN;E, mak-ro-ser'-se-7fe, s.pl In ornithology, a sub-family of the Psittacidce,'.r Parrots (theM?caws), distinguished for the gaudincss of their plnm8 ,e. AIacrocosm, mnk'-ro-kozm, s. The great W'orld ; the universe, or the visible system of worlds. . Macrodactyls, mak-ro-dak'-Uls, s.pl. A Wading birds, furnished with very long toes, whence Macrodacttlic, mak-ro-dak-tiV-ik, a. In ornithology, having long toes, as mils, water-hens, Ac. __ Macrodiagonal, mak-ro-di-ag -o-nal, 8. Ihe longer the diagonals of a rhombic prism. toit • Macrology, nid-krol'-o-je, s. Long and tedious talk, s- An instrument for measuring inaccessible objects by means of two re¬ flectors on a common sextant. Macropnba, mak-rop-ne'-d, s. In poiTio^Of/iy, that st^ of the breathing in which the respiration is long and ^S;°o“d'tl?Ska’?eanrro"r°'8tTp1k ^ insectivorous mammal of Northern Africa. Macrotuachia, mak-ro-trnk-e^A, s. In mnchology, a frihp of the order Dvtiira, or bivalve shells. ^ „ U^cnovllX Z-krlo'-rnns, s.pl. The long-tailed Crustaceans, comprehending *e iobstere, shrimps,&c. MACROuaons, mA-krow'-rus, a. An epithet applied te f'nistacea resembling the lobster and shrimp. , s. The act of kiUing a victim JUcuL“rmoit'-«-/c, 6.pl. (Xat.) Dark spots on the skin, or on the surface of the sun or other luminous Maculate, makf-u-late, v.a. To spot; to stain. Maculate, | Spotted. ; of making To make wet or moist; to liACULATED, Piak'-u-lA-ted, } . „ uacdlation, niak-u-ln'-shnn, s. The act of spotting; a \l^^n,^makf-nle,s. A spot; a stain. See Mackle. ilAD mad, a. Disordered in intellect; inflarr^ to excess ; infatuated ; pei-plexed with anxiety or trouble; inflamed with anger; deranged; delinous.- Mad-apple, a tropical nlant or fnut allied to the egg- plar!t.--^<7^ fcra?t:cd, di.sord<^red ip mind, hot-headed or rash.—hot-brained; rash.— a house where insane persons are confined for cui’e on restraint. Mad, v.a. To make mad, furious, or angry- — v.n. To be mad, furious, or wild. Madam, mnd'-am, s. A complimentary title, generally given to raaiTied I'r elderly ladies. . Madarosis, tnad-d-ro'-sis, s. (Gr.) Falling off of the hair, especially the eyelashes. a. i • - - Madcap, mad'-knp, s. A person of wild behaviour, a violent, rash, hot-headed pt'rson. Madi>en, niad'n, v.a. To make man. — v.n. To become mad ; to act as iJ mad. Maddened, ma l'nd, pp. or a. Rendered mad.. IMaiidening, mad'nvig, ppr. or a. Making mad or Mriilf-R, mad'-der, s. A plant which is much used in dyeing re . , n • Madding, mad’-ding, ppr. ora. (from Mad). Raging furiou'v MADE.rnarffi, pret. and pp. or a. (from Make). Madefaction, rtiad-e-fak'-sh'.vn, fl. The act c wet. Kadeft, mad’-e-Ji, v.a. moisten. , -r ^ « Madeira, ma-de'-r&, s. A rich wine made on the Isle oi Madeira. ^ , * Madeira-ndt, ma-de^-rd-nutf 8. A thin-shelled walnut from tlie Isle of Madeira. Mademoiselle, mad-mw'd-zeV, 8. A young woman, or the title gi en to one ; miss. 1 Madia, met Ue-d, s. A Soutli American annual plant. 1 Madid,! mad'-trt, a. Wet, moist. Madly, mad'-le, ad. Without reason ; rashly ; wildly. Madman, mad'-man, s. a man raving or funous with disorder d inte lect; a distracted man , a maniac ; a man w' .nout understanaing. Madness, mud'-nes, s A state of disordered reason ot intellect;; extreme fo^y ; headstrong passion and rashness; distraction; delirium; insanity. Madonna, md-don'-nd, s. A name given to pictorial representations of the Virgin Mary ; a complimentary term - equivalent to Madam. MADRFi-’fiRE, mad'-re-pore, Fossil coral, or limestone conipo :ed of fossil corals. MADReiores, mad'-re-pores, S.pl. A general name for f oral zoophytes. , . . , , i MAdrier, mnd-reer*, s. (Fr.) A thick plank armed with iron plates, with a cavity to receive the mouth of a petard. lSIadrigal, mad'-re-gal, s. A little amorous poem ; an elaborate vocal composition. Madwort, mad'-u:urt, s. A plant of the genus alyssum M-aestoso, ma-es-to'-so. (Ital.) In music, a direction to play the part with grandeur and strength. MAFFLEjj maf'Jl, v.n. To stammer. Maffler, maf'fier, s. A stammerer. Magazine, mag-d-zeerd, s. A store of apns, ammur’ tion, or provisions ; or the building in which such store is deposited.—In ships o/tear, a close room ui the hold, where the gunpowder is kept.—A pamphlet periodically published, containing miscellaneous pa¬ pers or compositions. Magaziner,+ mag-d-zeen'-er, s. One who writes for a magazine. [Colloquial.) ^ j.- Maobole,+ mag'-bole, s. Compensation for the murder of a kinsman. ^ . Magda i.en, mag'-dd-len, s. A reformed prostitute. Maqe,± s. A masrician. Maoeilanic, md-jel'-lan-ik,^. Pertaining to or disco¬ vered by Magellan, the navigator.— douds are three conspicuous nebula’ near the sooth pole, re¬ sembling thin, wiiite clouds, first discovereu by bun whose name they hear. Maggiore, maj-je-o'-re. (Ital.) In music, greater. Maggot, mag'-got, s. A worm or grub; a whim; an odd fancy (?otc). _ , j. Maggotiness, ma^-got-e-nes, s. The state of abounding with maggots. , . . , Maggoty , mag'-got-e, a. Full of maggots; whimsical; capricious. [Vulgar.) Magi, wm'-it, s.pl. (Lat.) Wise men or philosophers of the Fast; an ancient religious sect of Persia and other Eastern countries, who worshipped fire as the type of the Godhead. „ , . , Magian, ma'-je-an, a. BertamiEg to the Magt, a sect of philosophers In Persia. . - 8. One of the sect of the Persian Magi. M.AQIANISM [ 594 ] MAQ-NILOQUEFOE IIagianism, ma~Je-an-t»m, s. The philosophy of the MagL Wagic, 8 . The art or pretended science of put¬ ting into action the agency of supernatural beings ; sorcery; witcircraft; necromancy.—magic, the art of employing the powers of nature to produce effects apparently supernatural. Maok , 4 ^ Pertainingto or used in magic; Magical, perf«irmed by magic, the pre¬ tended agency of spirits, or the invisible powers of nature.—.V/agtc.v^/tare. a seriesof numbers in arithmetic progression so arranged in a square that the vertical, hori/ontcd, and diagonal columu.s give tlie same sum._ Ma^nv hintern, an optical instrument which, by means of a lamp and of small figures painteil on transparent varnish or slides of glass, exhibits in a dark room, images of objects considerably maguiflecL Magically. m, ma'rfn-ftnrf,) s. The state^ of being a Maidenhead, ,na'dn-hed,i maid orvirgin; virginity; newness; freshness. ^ M. 4 .inENUNES 8 , nia'dn-le-nes, 8 . The behaviour that becomes a maid ; modesty ; gentleness. MaioRaVi T, ino'dn-le, a. Like a maid ; gentle ; modest. — ad In a maiden-like manner.^ M principal; leading; chief, lias most poAver in producing an (^ect; rai.litj , vas^ — 8. Strength ; force , violent effort; the . fjl® bulk ; the greater pan; the great ocean , ‘Pp nent, as distinguished from an island or peninsula, a hamper; a course; a duct; hana at dice, a match at cock-fighting. Main has many useful compounds; as Maiji-boom, the spar of a small vessel’s main-sail.— Mam deck, the deck next below the spar-deck -Mnin-keel, the prin¬ cipal keel, as distinguished from the Jalss keel.—Mani^_ land, the continent.— Main-tnasi, the principal mast of a ship.—Main-sail, the principal sail in a ship.- SJain-sheet, the sheet that extends and fastens the Main-tackle, a large, strong tackle, hooked occasionaUy upon the main xlia top of the main-mast of a ship.—jtfatn-t/ani. the yard on which the main-sail is extended, supported by the main-mast. _ . . Mainly, mane^ -le, a-d. Chiefly ; prmcipally ; miglUily. Mainor, mo'->mr. Is. In.™''’’ Mainour, ma'-noor, I in the hands of '■P® . According to the old forest laws, to be taken as a tht oung children. Mamalcke, tnatn' Ct-l€wk,6. A term applied to a mili- tai y force m Egypt, which was destroyed by Mehemet Al) m 1811. Mammal, mam'-mal, g.; pi. Mammals. In zooloay. an animal that pvckles its young. Mammalia, ma7n-rna' le-^i, s.pl. The first grand division of vertehrated animals, which suckle their young and bring them forth alive. Mammalian, ntam~nia'-le-an, a. Pertaining to the mammalia. MAM.MALiFEi{ou8, a. A term applied to strata containing manimiierous r emains. Mam.malogist, iniim-mal'-o-jisty s. One who treats of manimiferous animals, or mammalia. MAMMAi.oG'i , Dwm-mat’-o-jey s». The science or doctrine oi manimiferous animals, or mammalia. Mammary, maw'-z/ni-re, a. Pertaining to the breasts or paps. Mammea. mam-me'-h, s. The Mammee apple, the pro¬ duce of a fruit-tree of tropical America. Mammer, mnm'-mer, v.n. To hesitate. Mammerinq, wam'-wer-tnp, 8. Confusion; hesitation. Mammbt, mam'-mety s. A puppet; a figure dressed. Mammifer, mam'-me-fer. s. An animal which has breasts tor nourishing its young; a mammal. Mammjferous, niam-mif'-er-nsy a. Having breasts and nourishing the young by the milk secreted by them. Mammiform, fnam'-me-fawrtn, a. Having the shape or form of paps. ^ Mammillary, rnam'-mil-l&-re, a. Pertainln®* to the paps, resembling a pap. —In mineralogy, a'term ap¬ plied to minerals composed of convex concretions. Mammi LLATED, ma^n'-m%l4a~ted, a. Having small nipples or little globes, like nipples. Mammoc, mam'-mok, s. A shapeless piece. — v.a. To tear in pieces. Mammodis, mam'-mo-disy s. Coarse, plain India muslins. Mammon, mam'-mon, s. (Syr.) Riches; wealth; the god of riches. Mammonist, mamf-mon-ist, s. A person devoted to the acquisition of wealth ; a worldling. Mammoth, mam'-mothy a. The Russian name of an ex- elephant of enormous size, nearlv albed to the elephant of India, but distinct from the mastodon. — a. Applicable to animals of immense size, as a tnammoth ox. a MiN, ma,i s.; pi. Men (Sax., Goth., &c.) A human being; the male of the human species . mankind • tlie human race, usually divided into three creat vaneties,-tlie Caucasian the Mongolian, and the Nigntian (see lilumenbach on Man), a servant or an attendant of the male sex , a word of familiar address ; one who is master of his mental powers, or ni’oohimself with judgment; a movable piece at chess or draughts - In /etidal law, a vassal a liege subject or tenant.—The word lias a variety ’of useful compounds ; as Ma7i-eater, a human being who feeds on human tiesh ; a cannibal; an anthropopha¬ gite.- iWan hater one who hates mankind, a misan- tiirope.—a hole through which a man may creep mto a drain, cesspool, or parts of machinery to clean or repair it.-^Ma7i-hii7iter, a hunter of men— Mim-ktUer, one who slays a n\Bx\.~Man-virrcer a vendor of small aiticles of men’s dress, as gloves hosiery, &c.—3ian-wirfwn/«, a man who practises ob-’ Retries.- Man-7nilli7ier, a aiale maker of mUlinery — Moftoj irar, a government vessel employed for the purposes of war.—3/f/n-o/-tcar’.v-izz<7;«, a seaman belong¬ ing to a slup of W’ar.— J^lan'ropeny side-ropes to the gangway of a ship.—il/rzn-s/ayz'r, one who has slain a nuimui being.—i/an-irrea/er, one who steals and sells m^n.—Man-womhip, undue reverence, or extreme adulation paid to a man. furnish with men, or with a competent number, for any particular service; to fortify or strengthen, as a naval or military position; o gu4- with men. ® * Manacle, man'-d-kl. s. An instrument of iron for fastening the hands ; handcuffs; shackles. — y.a To put on handcuffs or other fastening for con¬ fining the hands ; to shackle , to confine. Manacled, man'-A-kld, pp. of the verb to manacle. Manage, man'-ij, v.a. To carry on the concerns of; ta direct, control, or govern , to make tame or trai-table: to have under command; to make subservient; to husband; to treat with caution or judgment; to govern with address. — v.n. To director conduct affairs; to carry on con¬ cerns or business. —t 8- Conduct; administration ; government; con¬ trol. As applied to horses, see Manege. Manaoe.\ble, man'-ij-h-hl, a. Ea8> to be used directed to its proper purpose, . able ; not diftii-uli to be moved of wielded. The act of issuing oi governable; tract -- wc uiwYcw OI wielded. Manageableness, man'-^-d-hl-nes, s. The quality of being easily used, or directed to its proper purpose; traciableness. r > Manageably, man'-ij-&-ble, ad. In a manageable manner. ® Managed, pp. of the verb to manage. Man AGELESS, tna7i'-ij~2es, a. That cannot be managed Management, ma7i'~ij-rne7it, s. Manner of treating, directing, or carrying on; practice; dealing, con¬ duct , administration; government. Manager, tnan'-ij-er, s. One who conducts business with economy and frugality ; a good ei-onomist. MANAGERv,t 7nan'-ij-er-e, s. Conduct; direciiou ; ad¬ ministration ; husbandry ; economy ; frugality Managing, mati’-y-ing, a. Intriguing. Manakin, 7na7i ■d-ki7iy s. The name jf a beautiful race of small birds, found in South America. [ man'-i-tee, | sea-cow ; a cetaceous, MAN ATI, j > ( herbivorous mammal of the genus ma7iatu8. MANATioNji- md-na'-shun, s. flowing out. Manattjs, tnd‘7ia'-tu8, s. A genus of herbivorous cetacea, includmg the sea-cows, inhabiting tlie mouths of the great rivers in South America and Africa. Manbote, man'-hote, s. Among our Saxon ancestors, a compensauon for killing a man. Manche, maws/t, 8. (Pr.) In ^eraWry, an old-fasliioned long-hangiag sleeve. MANCHET,t ma7i'-8hety s. A small loaf of fine bread. Manchin^eel, ma7i-she‘iieel', s. A lofty West Indian tree, the Hippomane ma7icmellay valufd for cabinet¬ work. Mancipate,+ man'-se-pate, va. To enslave; to bind • to restrict. * Mancipation,-!- man-se-pa'-shuTiy s. Slavery in¬ voluntary servitude. Manciple, man'-se-pZ, s. A steward; an undertaker • a purveyor. Manuamus, man-da'-mnsy s. In law, a command or writ, issuing from the Queen’s Bench, airected to person, corporation, or inferior court, requiring them to do some act therein specified, which apDer* tains to their office and duly. Mandanboo, 7)tan' -dan-boo y^. A mixture of’the buds and roots of an aromatic plant, used in the prepara¬ tion of betel. * MANrAB.ix><, mf/n-drt-rpen', 8 . In China, h magistrate or governor of a province; also, the couit language of L/ II zna. Mandxtart, man'-dti-t/i-re, I a. A person to whom the Mandatorj, mnn'-da-tur-e, ) pope has, by his pre¬ rogative, given a mandate or order for iiis benefice- one to whom a commind or charge is given.—in lavi’ one who undertakes, witium a recompense, to do fot anotiier. in respect to the thing bailed Mandate, man'-date, s. A command; an order, precept ^ commission.— In canon law, a rescript of tlie pope Mandator, mon-drt'-tur,8. (Lat.) A director, MANnATuRt, nmn'-dt,-tur-e, a Containing a command: preceptive, directory, .-uuunouu, ^ natlonaJ paper money of Prance, which succeeded the assignats Mandible, man;-de-bl, s. The jaw .-In zoologt/, applied of mammals, to both jaws of bmds, and to the upper or anterior pair of jaws in insects. MAMDIBULAE, [ 600 ] MANILLA Mandibulab, man-diV'■u-lar, a. Belonging to the Mandibulate, vian-diV-u-lute, ) a. Provided with Mandtbt’lated, tnan-dW-u-Ui-tBd,) mandibles, as many Insects. Mandii.,1 mau'-dil, 8. A sort of mantle. Mandiliom. man-diV-yu7iy 8. A soldier’s coat; a loose garment. . ^ Man DINGOES, man'-din-gosey s.pl. The name of a Negro people, inhabiting the country on the banks oi the" Senegal and Gambia. , * Mandle-stone, maii'dl'Stone, s. Kernel-stone; almond- stone. , . Mandoline, t man'-do-Un, 8. A cithern or harp ; a sort of guitar. . , . « ^ ^ JlANDoiiE, man'-dore, b. A kind ot four-striiiged lute. M.iNDR.\ooRA, mnti~d)'ag'-o-rd, 8. The mandrake, a powerful soporific. Mandrxke, man'-drake, s. Tlie name of several species of pl.ints of the genus mandragora, having nai’cotic quiilities. ^ ^ ^ - Manobfi , man'-drel, s. An instrument for continmg in tlie lathe tlie subrtance to be turned- ^ ^ . M\ndru., 8. A fierce and powerful Afiican baboon, often CiiUed the ribbed-nose baboon. Mandl'cable, jnan'-du-kit-bl, a. That can be chewed; fit to be eaten. M.anducate, v.a. To chew. Man DUCATioN, ma^i-du-ka'-shuny 8. The act of chewing Manducatory. tYt,(i7i'~du-kd-tuT-ey a. Pertaining to or employed in chewing. ^ Mane, wmne, s. The hair growing on the upper side of the neck of a horse or other animal. Manege imV-nar/ie', 8. (Fr.) The art of horsemanship, or of training horses; a school for teaching horseman¬ ship, and for training horses. . .r Maneh, ma'-ney s. A Scripture weight, of nearly 2i lbs.; also applied to money, which consisted of sixty shekels, or £6 I6s. T^d. Manequin, man' s. An artists model of wax, wood, or other material. Manerial, Dtrt-»ie'-re-aZ. See ManobiaIj. Manes ma'-nes, s.pl. (Lat.) The ghost, shade, or soul of a deceased person ; and, among the ayicxent pagans, the infernal deities. - * M ANE-8HBET, mantf-shcBt, A sort of covering for the upper part of a horse’s head. ....... Manful, mmi'-ful, a. Having the spirit of a man; bold; brave ; courageous ; daring. Manfully, man'-fiil-le, ad. Boldly ; courageously. Man fulness, man'-ful-nes, 8. Boldness; courageous- Mangaby, man’-gd-be, s. The white-eyelid monkey; a name of two species of long-tailed African monkeys. Mangal, man'-galy 8. A kind of portable copper stove or braKier used in Turkey. ^ ^ M-ang.an.ate, tnang'-ijd-nate. Is. A compound of Mangan ! 9.ATE, mang'-gd-ne'-sate,) mangauesic acid with a base. , , , . ^ Mang anese, mang-gd^nese! , s. A hard, brittle metal, of a greyish-white colour. * MANG.AN EsiAN, mang-gd^^id-sliB-an, a. Pertaining to or consisting of miiugjuiese . Manganesic, mang gd-ne'-sxky a. Obtamed from man¬ ganese, a.s mr/z/pGutV acid. ^_ Manganite, mauif gd-nite, 8. One of the ores oi man¬ ganese , the hydrated sesquioxide of manganese, a mineral of a Mackisb-grey colour.^ j, * a Mangcorn. mauij' kawrn, 8.^ A mixture of wheat and rye, or other species of grain. ^ , , Manok, manje.y 8 The scab or itch in cattle, dogs, and other beasts. , _ mr. » . Mangel-vvt'rzel. 8. (Ger.) Tijeifeto vuhmris, or Searc.'ty r<)ot, a plant of the beet kind, ex¬ tensively used for feeding cattle . .«■ Mangfu '»tan<‘' j>-r, s. Atrou^ih or box in which fodder is laid for cattle, or the place in whn-h horses and cattle are fed.—In ships of a ar, an inclosure across the deck within the hawse-holes, to exclude water.—The Monger-hoard, the bulk head on a ship’s deck that ftGoarates the manger from the other part of the deck. Mangifeua, mon-jif -e-rdy .s.pl ^general name for the Mango trees of the East Indies. Sec Manoo.^ j^j^^qjness, Tnane'~je~nes, s. Scabbiness ; infection of the M™nqls, matig'gl, v.a. To cut with a dull instrument, or to tear in cutting ; to take hy piecemeal; to unooth linen with a mangle ; to calender. Manglf, s. a roUlng-presa, or small calender, for smoothing linen. ^ ^ .v . Manqled, manp'pid.pp.ora. Tom in cutting; smoothed with a mangle. .... ^a.noler, mung'glcT, s. One who tears in cutting ; one who uses a mangle. , Mangling, mang'glingx 8. The act of cutting and lace¬ rating ; the business of smoothing linen with a Mango mang'-go, s. The fruit of the Mango-tree, a native or the East Indies, much esteemed as a pickle a green musk-melon pickled. .c. M.ango-fish, mang'-go-fish, s. A fish of the Ganges, highly esteemed for food. , ^ Mango-ginger, mang'-go-jin'-jer,^. The plant Vurewna amada. . ^ , , ._ Mangonel, mang'-go-net, s. An engine formerly used for throwing stones and battering walls. „ -i, M.anctOn isM,^ ma7ig'~go-nizin, s. The art of setting on to advf'.ntage. ^ Mangonizk,$ rnatig'-go-nize, y-Ty- To polish for settmg off Co advantage. r, . t i- Mangostan, mnn'~go-sta7i, s. A tree of the East Indies, of the genus garemia, the fruit of which is about the size of an orange, and very delicious. Mangrove, //uni'-grove, s. A tree of the East and »» est indies, of the order RhizophoracetB ; the name of a Mangv, niane'-je, a. Scabby ; infected with the mange. Manheim Gohn, man'-hem goald,a. An alloy,consisting of three parts of copper and one of ^old. Manhood, man'-hud, s. The state ot one who is ad¬ vanced beyond puberty ; virility ; ffortitude ; bravery. Mania, ma'-ne-d, s. Madness; a vehement addiction to anything. ,, ^ , MANiABLE,t »ian'-e-d-W, a. Manageable; tractable. ^ Maniac, ma’-ne-ak, s. A madman; one raving with madness. „ , . M.ANIAC, ma'-ne-rt, i a. Affected with madness, Maniacal, raging with disordered in¬ tellect. Manicaria, man-e-ka'-re-d, s. The wine-palm, a genus of East Indian plants, of the order Palmncees. Mvnich.$ans, inafi-e-ke'-anSy s.pl. A Cliristian sect, who, like the Magi, believed in two eternal prmciples of good and evil. ^ ^ * Manichord, man'~e-kaivrd. Is. A musical mstru- Manicordon, j ment, in the form oi a spinet. . , . . M.anicon, man'-e-kon, s. A species of nightshade.^ Manicristo, man'-e-kris-to, s. An Italian confection. Manife.st, man'-e-festy a. Not obscure or difficult to be seen or understood ; apparent. — 8. An invoice of a cargo of goods, imported or laden for export. ^ , . — v.a- To show plainly to the eye or to the understand¬ ing ; to make known. Manifestation, i/ian-e-fes-ta'-shun, 9. The act of dis- closing what is secret or obscure. M.VNIFESTED, mon'-e-fest-ed, pp. or a. Made clear. M.vnifestable, a. That may be mad© evident. , M.vn iFESTL’j, ad. Clearly; evidently.^ M-anifestness, ma7t^-e-fcst-neSy s. Cle.amess to the sight or mind. M.anifesto, mayi'-e-fcs-to, s. A public declaration. 'biA.siFOLD, ina7i'-e-foald, a. Of different kinds; nume- rous. — 8. A multifold wnting apparatus used by newspaper reporters , a manifold-writer, w'hich see. M.an'FOLDED, t wiGn'-e-/brt/d-e3, a. Ha^Tng many doub¬ lings Manifoldly, ma7i'-e-foald-le, ad. In a manifold manner. Manifoldness. 8. Multiplicity. Manifold writer, man'-^-foald-ri'-ter, s. An appa¬ ratus for producing duplicate copies of letters or other documentsi, bv a stylus, upon thin tracing paper, iu- terleaved with a blackened paper; sometimes called a manfiddXiy the reporters of the press, with whom it is in general use. Manigliiins, s.pl. In ymmery, two han¬ dles on the back of a piece of ordnance. Manikin, 1 ( s. A little man , an imiflcial Mannirin, i \ anatomical preparation, lor the instruction of medical students, chiefly in the practice of obstetrics. Majiil, md-nil'y | g. A ring or bracelet. Manilla. md-niV-la, \ MANILLA [ COO ] MANUTENOY Ma-nilla, fn&-nil'-l&, s. A piece of copper money in use amouff the natives of the West Airiean coast.— nilla‘hen,py a fibrous material, from which ropes and cables are made. Manillas, md-nil'-lai, s. A kind of cheroots, made in the Philippine Islands, and so called from the name of the place whence they are shipped. Manioc, man'-e-ok, s. The name of a tropical plant from which cassava and tapioca are prepared. Maniple, man'-e-pl, a. A handful; a ianon, or kind of scarf Manipular, md-nip'-u~lar, a. Pertaining to the ma¬ niple. Manip , LATE, v.a. To operate with the hands. Manipulation, md-nip-u-la'-shini^ s. 'Work by hand; manual operation, as practised in mining, chemistry, phannacy, mesmerism, and various arts. Manipulative, a. Performed by ma¬ nipulation. Manis, ma'-7ii8, 8.; pi. Manises. In zoology, the Scaly Ant-eater. Manitrdnk, man'-e-trwik, s. The anterior segment of the body of an insect. Mankind, wan-itnd', 8. The race or species of human beings. — a. Resembling man in form. Manks, wanAs, s. The old language of the Isle of Man. MANL*sss,t man'-Us, a. Destitute of men. Man-like, man'-hke, a. Having the proper qualities of a man ; of man’s nature. Manliness, man'-le-nes, a. The qualities of a man; dignity. MANLiNGjf mnn'-Ung, s. A little man. Manly, niati'-le, a. Manlike ; firm, brave; un¬ daunted. — ad. With courage like a man. Manna, inan'-tid, s. A natural exudation from the leaves and branches of the plant Alhagi 3Iauroru7n, wliich was believed by the eai’ly Arabian writers to have fallen from heaven.—In w Mantlet, ) women , a dinunutive ol ma7itle.—In fortification, a kind of movable parapet. Mantiger, /nan'-te-Jer, s. A large monkey. Mantilla, 777nn-tU'-Ui, s. A small mantle. Mantissa, man-tie'-Bd, s. The decimal part oi a lo garithm. Mantle, man'll, s. A cloak or loose garment — In malacology, the external fold ol the skin ot a nioUusk. — V a. To cloak ; to disguise. — v.n. To expand; to spread; to joy; to revel; to rush to the face and covei it with a crimson colour. Mantle, 7na7t'tl, j s. The piece of timber or Mantle-tree, ma7i'tl-tree, j stone in front of a chim¬ ney, over the fire-place. Mantlet, 7nant'~lei, s. A musket-proof shield of metal, sometimes used for the protection of sappers or rifle¬ men, during the attack of a fortress. Mantling, ma7it'-liny , 8 . In herald7‘y, the representa¬ tion of a mantle. Mantle-piece, man'tJ-peece, I s. The work over a fire- Mantle-shelp, mayi'tl-skelf, j place, In front of the chimney. Manto, ma7i'-to, s. (Ital.} A robe ; a cloaK. Mantolooy,-!- 77ia7i-tol'-o-je, s The art of divination. Mantua, niaix'-tu-d, s. A lady’s govfn —Mantiia-maker, one who makes gowns lor ladies; a sempstress. Manual, 7)ian'-7i-al, a. Performed by the hand.— Ma7mal exercise, the exercise of soldiers, with their arms. — s. A small book. Manualist, 77ian'-u-al-ist, s. A worker with the hand • an artificer. Manually, 77ia7i'-n-al-le, ad. With the hand. MANrARY,$ 7na7i'-u~d-re, a. Done by the hand. MANUBiAL,t rnd-7iew'-be-al, a. Belonging to spoils; taken in war. Manubrium, md-7iew'-hre-U7n, a. A handle. Manoduction, ma7i-7i-d7ik'-shn7i, s. Guidance by the hand ; a leading ; a conducting. Manuductor, tnan-u-duk'-tur, s. A leader by the hand. Manufactory, ma7i-%i-fak'-tur-e, s. A place where goods are manulactured. — a. Employed in manufacturing. Manufactural,+ man-u-fakt'-yu-ral, a. Relating to manufactures. Manufacture, man-u-fakt'-yur, s. The operation of reducing raw materials into a form suitable for use ; the article manufactured. — v.a. To make or fabricate from raw materials. — v.n. To be occupied in manufactures. Manufacturer, man-u-fakt'-yur-er, s. One who works raw materials fit for use, or the owner of a manufac¬ tory. Manumise4; man*-u.-mize. See Manumiv- Manumission, man-u-mish'-un, s. Liberation of a slave. Manumit, ma7i-u-mit*, v.a. To release from slavery. Manumitted, ma7x-u-mit'-ted, pp. or a. Released from slavery. Manumotive, maji'-u-mo-tiv, a. Movable by hand. Manumotor, man'-u-mo-tur, s. A small wheel-carriage, which may be moved in any direction by the person in it. Manurable4: md-new'-rd-hl, a. That may be cultivated or enriched by manuring. Cultivation, cultivate by manual Manurage,^ 77id-7ietv'-raje, ManurancEjJ 77id-neio'-ra7ise _, Manure, md-7iewr\ v.a. To labour ; to till; to fertilize by manuring. — 8. Any matter which fertilizes land. Manured, 77id-7iewrd' , pp. or a. Dressed or overspread with a fertilizing substance. MANUREMENT.t md-newT^-mejit, s. Cultivation; im¬ provement. Manurer, md-netor'-erj s. One who manures lands. Manuring, mii-7ieuy-x7ig , s. A dressing or spread ol manure on land. Manuscript, 7na7i' -u-skript , a. A book or paper writ¬ ten with the hand or pen ; writing. — a. AVritten with the hand. MANUTENCYjt 7)ian-u-ten'-$e, s. Maintenance. MANX C 601 ] MAEITIME Ma.nx, manks, 8. Tlie old language of the Isle of Man. M\ny, men'-c, a. (Sax.) Comprising a great number; numerous; manifold; various. « , j. i - 8. A multitude; a great number of individuals; a retinue of servants ; household. _ ^ Many is frequently prefixed to adjectives or partici¬ pial a^ectiviis, when it signifies numerousy and the compound thus formed is self-explanatory ; Many- cleft, Many-coloured, Many-cornered, Mnny-nowerea, Manv-haired, Mnny-headed, Many-languaged, Many¬ leaved, Many-legged, Many-lettered, Many-mastered, Many-parted, Mnny-peopled, Many-petalled, Many- sided, Many-toned, Many-trthed, Many-twinklxng, Many-valved, Many-veined, Many-voiced. Ma-ny-root, man'-e-root, s. A name for the Muellia tuherosa, the roots of which are emetic. , . Many-times, men'-e-times. An adverbial phrase, signi- nifying often, or frequently. IklAP, map, s. In geography, a representation of the surface of the earth; a representation of a continent, or any portion of land only; a delineation of the heavens, of geological strata, -Map-mounter is a workman who backs maps with canvas, and fixes them on rollers, &c. — v.a. To draw or delineate. , Maple, ma'pl, s. A tree of the genus acer.—3Iaple- sugar is obtained by evaporation from the juice oi the rock-maple. Mapped, mapt, pp. Drawn or delineated.. M.apping, xnap'-ping, s. The art of drawing maps. Mar, mar, v.a. To injure by cutting, wounding, or making defective; to deform; to disfigure; to inter¬ rupt mirth. Marabou-feathers, mar'-d-bou-feth'-ers, S.pl. under tail coverts of the Ciconia argala, ana c. Marabou, the former being the adjutant crane oi tropical India. „ .... -r, -i AIaracan, mar'-d-ha.n, s. A species of parrot in Brazil. Maracauba, mar-d-kay/-hct, s. A dark furniture wood, imported from Brazil. . , . Maranatha, mar-d-nath'-d, s. (Syr.) A curse, or Marantaceje, mar-an-ta'-se-e, s.pl. A natural order of Endogenous plants, of which the Maranta, or Arrow- root, is the type. , Maraschino, mar-as-ke'-no, 8. A spirit distilled iiom cherries. , Marasmus, md-ras'-mus, s. Atrophy ; emaciation. ^^Iaraud, md-rawd', v.n. To rove in quest ot plunder. Marauder, md-rawd’-er, s. A plunderer. ^ Marauding, md-rawd'-ing, ppr. or a. Roving in search of plunder. ~ 8. A roving for plunder. - c, • ISlARAVEDi, mar-d-ve'-de, s. A copper coin of bpain. Marble, mdr'bl, 8. A calcareous stone or mineral, of compact texture, and susceptible of a beautiful polish; a little ball of marble. There are many varieties of marble, the finest of which are the Carrara and Parian, as used by the ancient Greeks.-^nmrfeha?i marbles, marble pieces with a chronicle of the city oi Athens inscribed on them. — a. Made of marble ; hard — v.a. To stain or vein like mai’ble. Marbled, mdr'bld, pp. or a. Veined lute marble. Marbled-paper, m'dr'bld-pa'-per, s. Veined or mar- blea paper for covering boxes, books, or wall-hang- Marble-edged, m'dr'bl-edjd, a. Having the edges Marble-hearted, m'd)’'bl-hdrt -ed, a. Hard-hearted , Marb^lbr, mdr'-bler, s. One who veins paper or other material in imitation of marble. r. ♦ Marbling, m'dr^-bling, s. The art or practice of vane¬ gating in colour, in imitation of marble. Marbly, ad. In the manner of marble. Marc, mark, s. The refuse or cake after expressing the oil or juice from fruits or seeds, as of apples, olives, &e., mostly used for manure. Mari ASiTE, mat''-kd-site, s. A variety of iron pyrites. Marcasitic, mdr-kd-sit'-ik, a. Pertaining to marcasite. Marceline, mdr'-se-Hn, s. A greenish-black mineral of a slightly vitreous lustre, so called fiorn being foutia at St. Marcel, in Piedmont; also a thin silk tissue, called Persian. . Marcella, mdr-seV-ld, s. A quilted cotton fabric.^ Marcesce.n’t, xndr-ses'-se^it, a. ■ 'W'^ithering; decaymg. Marcessible, mdr-ses'-se-bl, a. That htav wither. a Thp third •month of tb' March, m'drtch, s. The third month of rfie year.—fp".), the walk oi movement of soldiers ; a grave or solemn walk; a piece of music designed for soldiers to march —'^ii. To move in a military manner; to walk in a erave, deliherate, or stately method. — v.a. To cause to move, is an army, m regular pro- MARCHANTiAcna;, mdr-shu'i-te-a'-se-e, s.pl. A natural order of plants, the Liverworts. Marches, mdrtch'-es, sml. Horders ; the confines Ol England on the side of Scotland or Wales. Marching, martch'-ing, s. Military movement. Marchioness, mdr'-shim-r.’:, s. Wife of a marquis. Mabcid, m'dr'-sid, a. Pinhig ; wasted away. Mare, mare, s. The fern.' 0 of the horse ; the incubus, or nightmare. Marena, wm-re'-nA, s. Ifish. __ Marengo, md-ren'-Qo, s. The name of the twenty-franc gold piece in Piedmont. . Mareschal, 7 ndr'-shal,B. Tin* chief commander of an Mare’^ Nest, mares nest, s. Something ridiculously absurd; a hoax (coZZogzaaO- , j_ Mare’s Tail, mares tale, s. A long, streaky cloud ; an MargaramimJ' mdif-gar-d-mide, s. A substance ob¬ tained from ammonial soap, prepared from animal lat Margarate, mdif-gd-rate, s. A compound of margaric IvlABOARic, mdr-qar'-ik.o.. Pertaining „ garic acid is obtained by a mixture of soap with an acid in water. , , __ Marq-arine, m'dr'-gh-rin, s. A pearl-like substance. Margarite, md^-gd~rite, s. Pearl mica. Margaron, m'dr'-gd-ron, s. A fatty substance produced fmm margaric acid and quicklime. , _ Margatieebocs, m'dr-gd-Uf -er-us, a. Margay, mUr'-ga,s. A Brazilian animal of the cat kind Margin, mm-'-jin, s. That which bounds or horders anything; the edge, brim, or border of anything, as a book, leaf, &c. — v.a. To furnish with a margin. ^ Marginal, war'-im-'iZ, a. Pertaining ^ a margin. Marginally, mdr'-jin-al-le, ad. In the margin Of a Marginate,± mdr'-jin-ate, V.a. To, make margins.^ Marginate, mdr'-jin-ate, ) a. Having a prominent Marginated, / margm. _ Margode, war'-<70fie, s. A hard, hhiish-grey stone. Maroosa Oil, mar-go'-sd oyl, s. The oil expressed In India from the seeds of Melia azadtrachta.^ Margot, mdr^-got, s. A fish of the perch kind. Margrave, mdr'-grdve, s. A German title of nobility. Margravine, mdr'-grd-vin, s. The wife of a margrave Mariet, mar-e-et, s. A kind of violet. ^ Marigenous, md-rij'-e-nus, a. Produced in the sea. Marigold, ma?-e-goald, s. A plant of the genus calen dxila, bearing a showy yellow flower. Marikin, mar'-e-kin, s. A small South American Mari’S md-rem', a. (Pr.) Pertaining to the sea; done on the’ oaan.—Karine acid, muriatic, or h^ydrochlqrie acid.—Marine chair, a machine contrived for enabling the snectator to view the satellites of Jupiter at sea. —Marine engine, a steam-engine for use in ships at sea.—Marine store, a place where old ships stores are bought and sold.—Marine sfore-deaZer, a purchaser ol ■oettv wares.— Marine surveyor, a machine for suring the way of a ship at sea, and registering it on _soldier who serves on board ship, and fights in naval engagements ; the whole navy of a state. Mariner, mar'-e-ner, 8 . A seaman ^ ^ Marinorama, mar-%n-o-ra -md, s. (Gr.) View ot the Marionettes, mar-e-o-net^ , s. Dancing dolls; a puppet MarIput, mar'-e-put, s. An animal of the skunk tribe. Marish, mar'-ish, s. 5ee Marsh. — a. Moory ; fenny; boggy. , . t. v j Marital, mar'-e-tal, a. Pertaining to a husband. Maritated, mar'-e-ta-ted, a. Having a husua.nd. Maritime, mar'-e-tim, a. Relating or pertaining to tiKl sea; naval - bordering on the sea. MAEJOHAM [ 602 ] JVIAESHALLER nail two-stranded stuff, used Marjoram, mar'-jo-ram, s. A plant of the genus origa¬ num. Mark, mark, s. A visible line^ stamp. Impression., or groove; any note of distinction; a spot at wliich a mi>sile may be directed; anything visible; a cha¬ racter made by a person who cannot wnte his name . a coin ; a license of reprisals- Set- Marqi-e. — v.a. To draw or make a visible line, impression, fiijure.or indenture; to note, remark, or obseiwe ; to form a name for distinction ; to take particular obser¬ vation of — V n. To note; to obseiwe critically. Marked, tnUrkf, pp. or a. Impresseo with any mark. Marker, warA'-er, s. One who puts a mark on any¬ thing, a counter used in card-playing; one who registers the >core at a billiard-table. Market, s. A publ'C place in a city or town, where provisions or cattle aie exposed for sale, a markei-liouse ; place of sale —The word has various compounds ; as, M 'vket-hasket, a basket for convHying things from a market.—the bell that gives notice of the time or day of market—3/arAc/-6, a/!, a boat which conveys goods to Tnaxliet.—Market-cart, a cart employed for the same purpose.—a cross set up where a market is held.—Market-dng, the day of a publ c in rket.— Market-gardener, one who raises vegetables and fruit for nH\e.—Market house, a building for a public market—Market-place, the place where provisions or goods are exposed for sale.— Market-price, the current price of commodities at any given lime.—Market-town, a town that has the privi¬ lege of a stated public market. V n. To deal at a market; to bargain for goods or p- ©visions ; to buy or sell at market. M^arketabi.e. miir'-ket-h-bl, a. Fit for the market. Markbtabi.eness, tnar'-ket-d-bl-nes, s. State of being marketa ble. MARKEi’iNG, miir'-ket-ing, s. Attendance upon a mai'kot. Markt.ng, mark'-ing, a. Having the quality to produce a mark.-Marking-fruit the fruit of the Semevarpus anacardium, so called from being used in marking cotton cloths with a deep black colour.—3/rtWciu^-ta*, indelible ink for the marking of clothes, which may be made by dissolving a drachm of fluid nitrate of silver in half an ounce of distilled wafer, and colour¬ ing it with sap green.— Marking-iron, an iron for marking.—3/erA*a^-nu<, the name of the Cashew-nut, whose juice produces an indelible Ink for marking linen. Marksman, marks'-man, One who is skilful to hit a mark . he who shouts well. Mart., marl, s. An earth containing carbonate of lime. —Mart-grass is one of the names of meadow-clover or cow-grass. — v.a. To manure with marl; to twist a small rope round another. Marlaceocs, iadr-laf-8he-us,e.. Marly, Marline, tnar'-lin, s. Small two-stra for marling. — v.a. To wind marline round a rope. Marline-siuke, uidr’-lin-spike, 9 . An iron tool for opening the strands of rope in splicing. M.auling, mdr^-luig, s. X'lie act of manuring v/iih marl; the process of winding a small line about a rope to prevent its being sulled.—Marlino-' i cr, a kind of hitch used by sailors in winding or twisting spun yarn. Mari.itk, mdr'-lite, s. A variety of marl. Maki.^tic, a. Partaking uf the Qualities of niarlite. Marmut. murl-mt. s. A pit where murl is dug. Maulsion'e. a.drl* stone, 8. in oro y.t -e calcareous an-i sandy strata which divide the upper from the lOAver lias clays. Marly, indi^-le, a. Resembling marl. Marm.vlade, j//ttr^j»d/od ,s. The pulp ofquincesboled into a consistence with sugar, or a confection of plums, &c., iioiied with sugar Marmati te, mar* a d (ite, s. A black mineral, consist¬ ing of the sulnhiirets of zinc and iron. Marm<-lite. mdr'-nto-lite, s. The silicate of magnesia. Marmorackous, mdrmo-ra-she-us, a. Like marb e. MARMoRATED,t mdr*-mo-ra-ted, a. Variegated like marble. Marmoratum, mdr-mo-ra'-ium, s. (Lat.) A cement formed of pounded marble and lime. Marmobban, mdr-mo'-re-au, a. Made of marble* Marmose, mdr^-mose, 8. An animfli resembling the opossum. Marmoset, mar*-mo-set, s. A small monkey. Marmot, mdr'-mot, s. A quadruped allied to the murine tribe. Marone, md-ron^, s. A brownish crimson or claret colour Maronitf.s, mar’-a-nites, s pi. A body of nominal Christians residing on Mount Lebamm. Maruol, md-roo!\ s. A name for the long tne fibre ol the Sanseveiro Zeglanica. Maroon, md-rooti*, s. A free black. - v.a. To put a sailor ashore on a desolate isle. — a. Brownish crimson ; of a claret colour. MARot'ciiiN, mar'- 00 -shin, s. (Fr.i A plant used by dy^rs ; an inferior son of woad. Marplot, wdr‘-ju/oi, 8 . One who, by officious interfer¬ ence, mars any design. Marqi'e, mark, s. (Fr.) A letter of marque is a license gi amed by a state to make reprisals at sea on the sub¬ jects of another. Marquee, mar-kee*, s. (Fr.) A large field-tent. mar--kwis, [ *' A title of the Hritish peer ■ Marquis, I ’ \ age, next in rank to a duke; also a title of houour in France and Germany ; ta marchioness. Marquetry , mdr'-ket-re, s. Work inlaid with different pieces of divers coloured fine wood, sliells, ivorv, Marquette, mar-Acr, s. (Fr.) A cake of becs’-wax. * Marqcisate, mdr'-kivis-ate,8. The seigniory, dignity, or lordship of a marquis. Marred, m'drd, pp. Injured ; impaired. Marrer, uidr'-rer, 8. One who mars, hurts, or impairs. Marriage, mar*-rij, s. The legal union of a man and w'oman for life; matrimony; wediovk. —Marriage- articles are the contract or agreement on which a man'iage is founded. — Marriage-favours, knots of white ribbons, or bunches of white flowers, worn at weddings. Marriageable, mar'-ry-d-blf a. Fit to be married * nubile. Married, mar'-rid, pp. or a. United in wedlock: con¬ nubial. Marrieb, maf'-re-er,8. One who performs the cere¬ mony of uniting a man and woman in marriage. Marron, mar'-ron, s. A large Chestnut. Marroneta, mar'-ro-net-d,8. An orcluird of chestnut trees in Italy. Marrow, 7nar'-ro, s. A soft, oleaginous substance con¬ tained in the cavities of animal bones ; the essence. — v.a. To till with marrow or with fat; to glut.— Marrow-hone, a hone containing marrow, or boiled for its marrow ; the hone of the knee {colloquial). Marrowfat, mar'-ro-faf, s. A kind of rich pea. M.^rrowirh, mar'-ro-ish, a. Of the nature of marrow Marrowless, a. Destitute of marrow. Marrowy, mar'-ro-e, a. Full of maiTOw; pithy. Marry, mar'-re, v.a. Tp join a man and woman for life. — In Scripture, to unite in covenant. — y.n. To enter into the conjugal state. — intci;}. A term of asseveration. Mars, mars, s. (T.at.) In niythology, the god of war.— In astronomy,Si phinet between the earth and Jupiter. Marsala, mdr-sd'-ld. s. A kind of liglit French wine. Marsella, mor-se/'-M, s. A kind of twilled linen. Marsh, marsh, s. A tract of low land, usuallv covered with water, or very wet and miry; a fen;* a bog.— Marsh cinquefoil, the plant Comarum palustre..— Marsh-elder, the guelder vo^e.—Marsli-innllow, a plant of the genus althcp.a. — Marsh-mariaold, s plant of the genus caltha. which Is demulcent and pectoral.— Marsh-pennywort, the plant Hydrocofyle vuignns.— Marsh-rocket, a species of water-cresses. — Mfrrsh- samphire, a plant found in marshy salt districts; glass- wort. Marshal, md7-'-shal, s. One who regulates rank and order at a feast or any other assembly, or directs the order of procession on state occasions, a harbinger, a pursuivant.—In the feudal ages, the chief ofBcer of arin.s, whose duty it was to regulate combats at the justs and tournaments.—In France., the highest mill- tary officer of the state.—£aW Mnrshn! England, the chief officer of arms at the Heralrfi.' Colleire, a dianity hereditary in the family of the dukei ol Norfolk. — v.a. To arrange in a suitable manner. Marshalleb, mde~»hal~ler, b. One who diBposes in du« order. MAESHALLINQ [ 603 ] MAST MABtHi.LLiN■-^Mr-o^ -o-je^ s. A history or register of martyrs. . 7 ndr'~vel, s. That which arrests the attention, + anvthins wonderful or astonisliing.—Jfcirtiei of Peru, * « *' i* .a r^e erarmo in jg. I 'fragrant flowering plant of the genus mirabil — v.n. To wonder. , . Marvellous, mdr'-vel-lus, a. Exciting wonder 5 sur¬ passing credit. . , « , MiBVEi.LonsLT, mUr ’- vel - lus - le , ad. Strangely; won- derfiilly. Marvellousness, mar '- vel - lus - nes , s. AVonderfulness. Mart-bud, ma'-re-bud, 8 . The marigold. Marzuoto, mdi^-zu-o-to, 8 . A kind of Tuscan spiing corn, which supplies straw for bonnets. Mabcle, mas'kly or mas'ly 9 . In heraldry, a lozenge per¬ forated. . M.AScuLATE.i mas'-ku-late, v.a. To make strong. Masculine, mas'-ku-lin, a. Having the qualities or re¬ sembling a man ; strong ; robust.- In grammar, the masculine gender of words is that wliich expresses a male. _ Masculinblt, ad. Like a man. Masculineness, mas ^- ku - lin - yies , 8. Quauty of being ^Iasdrw, via^ dew, %. A kind of red wine. ^ y'^lASH, ma.s.'t. s A mixture or mass of ingredients, beaten 01 blended rogether.—In brewing, a mixture of ground mall and hot water. —^.a To boat into a Confused mass ; to mix malt and v^ater together in brewing. yMASasD, maskt, pp or a. Beat into a mass. ^ VIa 8 H!.no, mash'-\ng, 8 . A beating into a mass.—In brewing, the process of infusing the ground malt iit warm water, for the purpose ot exti*acting the sacc^' rine properties.— Mashing-tub is a tub for containing the mash. Masht, mash'-e, a. Produced by bruising. Mask, mask, 6. That which conceals the face ; a visor ; a dissruise, or pretence; a festive entertainment; a masquerade; a piece of mummery ; a dramatic per¬ formance.— ilfa.sA-/ioase, formerly a place of entertain¬ ment for masquerades. — v.a. To conceal with a mask ; to disguise. — v.n. To revel in a masquerade. Masked, maskt, pp. or a. Having the face covered.—In botany, having the sides of a labiate corol pressed together so as to close the opening into the tube. Masker, mask'-er, s. One who plays the fool in a mas¬ querade. Maslin, maz'-lin, s. or a. A mixture of different sorts of grain. Mason, ma'an, s. A stone-cutter; one whose occupa¬ tion is to lay briQks and cut stones ; a member of the fraternity of Freemasons.— Masmis' Company is one of the livery companies of London, whose hall is in Basinghall-street. Masonic, ma-son'-ik, a. Pertaining to freemasonry. Masonry, ma’sn-re, s. The art or occupation of a mason; mysteries of Freemasons. Masora, mas'-o-rd, s. (Heb.) A learned Rabbinical work on the text of the Hebrew Scriptures. Masoretic, mas-o-ret'-ik, a. Relating to the Masora, or to its authors, who Invented the Hebrew vowel points and accents. Masque, mask, s. See Mask. Masquerade, mns-ker-ade' , 8. A nocturnal assembly Of revellers, wearins? masks, disguise. — v.n. To assemble in masks. — v.a. To put in disguise. Masquerader, mas-ker-a'-der, 9 , One disguised. Mass, mas, s. (Fr.) A lump; a body of matter con¬ creted, collected, or ♦brmed into a heap; bulk ; mag¬ nitude ; an assembl^e. — (Lat.) in the Romish Church, the consecration and oblation of the host. Hi'jh mass is that which is publicly performed with miisic. There are also other masses In the Romish ritual , as, mass for oui- Lady . mass for the Holy Ghost: Holiday mass ; Votive mass, Common mass. Mass-hook, the missal, or Roman Catholic service-s book. Mass-house., a name formerly given to a Iloiuan Catholic place of worship. Mass^pries' , a name given to a Roman Catholic secular priest.—In the Fine Arts, a large quantity of iiirht and shade.—In botany, the fruit of the beech or ash. Massacre, s. (Fr.; The murder of an in¬ dividual, or the slaughter of numbers of human beings. — v.a. To murder with cruelty. Massacred, mas'-sd-kerd, pp. or a. Earbarotisly mur¬ dered. Massacrer, masf-sd-krer, s. One who massacres. Masseter, mas'-se-ter, s. A short thick muscle which raises the under jaw, and assists in chevying. Massicot, 8. Yellow oxide of lead, used as a pigment by glass-makers. Massiness, mas*~se-nfs, ^ ® Massiveness, mas'-stv-nes, ponderousness. The state of being massy; great weight’ Massive, mas'-siv, a. Heavy; weighty.—In mineralogy, having a crystalline stiuicture, but not a regular form Massively, mas'-sir-Ze, ad. In a mass. Massoy-bark, wias'-soi-fearZb, s. A bark obtained from a loftv tree in the East, which has tonic properties, and is rich in essential oil. Mast, mast, s. A long, round piece of timber, elevated perpendicularly on the keel of a ship or other vesseL There are three principal masts in a ship,—namely, the mam must, standing nearly midships; the fore¬ mast, next in size to the main-mast; and the miztn- mast, which stands about half-way between the main-mast and the stem. The topmast is that part which is 'aised at the head, or top of the lower mast, through V cap, and supported by tressle-trees Top- gallant masts-And top-onllant royal-mn., a dissenting place of worship. Meetly, meef'-le, ad. Fitly , suitably. Meetnfss, meet'-nes, s. FitncisS , propriety. Mkoacosm, «icy'-A-A:osm, s. The great world; the uni¬ verse. MEQ.®nA, me-ga'-rd, 8. In myth., one of the Furies. MEfiALTCTiTiins, meg-d-lik'-'hus, s. A kind of fossil ganoid fishes found in coal formations. Megalodontes, meg-al-o-don'-tes, s.pl. A family of Coleopterous insects. Megalontx, meg-al-o'-niks,a. A large quadruped now extinct. Megalopolis,? mcg-al-op'-o-Us, s. A chief city ; a metropolis. Megalopsycht, meg-al-op’-se-ke, 8. Greatness of soul. Megaloptera, meg-al-op-ter-d, 8 pi. A family of Neuropterous insects* { a. Pertaining to The Mid- I die Ages of history, ng a mean or average. Mediaeval, ) Medieval, j Medial, me' MEGALOSAUEUS [ 608 ] MELTIEG alEGALOSAUBus, meg-ai-o-8ais/-rus, 6. A gigantic extinct Saurian, whose fossil remains have been found in the Oolite formation of England. Megametrk, meq'-d.~me-lr^ s. A French instrument for determining the longitude by measurement of the stars. Meganxctera, meg-&-nik'-te-rii, s.pl. A tribe of the order Cheiroptera^ including the larger species of bats, or flying foxes. Megascope, meg'-ii-skope, s. A modification of the solar microscope. Meg.ass, me-gas', s. The name of Wie dried cane stems, after the juice has been expressed. Megatherium, meg-ci-the'-re-umy s. A gigantic ex¬ tinct quadruped of South America. Megrim, me'-grim, s. A neuralgic pain in the head. Meionite, mi'-o-nite, 8. A variety of scapolite. Meiosis, mi-o‘'Si8, s. Eiminulion; a species of hyper¬ bole, representing a thing less than it is. Melain, mel'-ane, s. The colouring matter of the ink of the cuttle-tlsh. Mela-m, nip'-lam^i. A white,insoluble powder,prepared by fusing a mixture of sal ammoniac and sulpho- cyanide of potassium. Melamine, niel'‘d.-mine, 8. A saline base produced from the decomposition of melam by alkalies and dilute acids. Melampode, meV-am-pode, 8. The black hellebore. MELAMPYRiifE, me-lnm'-pe-vine, 8. A substance con¬ taining neutral crystals, which is obtained from the plant Melampyrum nemorosum, or Cow-wheat. MELANAG 0 OUE,t me-lan'-u-gog, s. A medicine supposed to expel black bile or choler. Melancholic, mel-an~kol'-ik. a. Depressed in spirits; hypochondriac; produced by or expressive of melan¬ choly. — s. A gloomy state of mind, or one so affected. Melancholilv, mel'-an-kol-e-le, ad. 'With melancholy. Mflancholiness, meV-an-kol-e-neSj s. State of melan¬ choly. Melancholious,^ mel-an-ko'-le-uSf a. Gloomy. Melancholist, meV-an-ko-Ust, s. One affected with melancholy. Melancholize, mel'-an-ko-lize, v.n. To become gloomy in mind. — v.a. To make melancholy. Melancholy, mel'-an~kol~le, s. A gloomy state of mind; depression of spirits. — a. Depressed in spirits; gloomy; unhappy; low- spirited; habitually dejected. Melange, me-langzh', s. (Fr.) A confused mixture ; a medley. Melanianje, me-lnn‘e-a''ne, s.pl. A sub-family of the Turbides, or Black-snails. Melanians, me-la'-ne-ansy s.pl. A family of univalve fresh-water Mollusca, of which the Mellania is the type. Melanite, meV'an-ite. s. A b*ack variety of garnet. Melanitic, mel-d~nii-ik, a. Pertaining to melanite. Melanochroite, me-lan-o-kro'-ite., s. A mineral found in Siberia, of a hyacinthine colour, and resinous lustre. Melanosis, mel-an-o'-sis, s. In pathology, a disease, characterised by the deposition of a peculiar black morbid substance, which usuaUy proves fatal. Melanotic, me/-d-noi'-tA:, a. Pertaining to or affected by melanosis. Melanthacea5, mel-an-tha'-se-e, s.pl. An order of lilia¬ ceous Endogens, which have the appearance of small lilies or crocuses. Mei.aphyre, meV-d-dre, s. A varie^ of black porphyry. Mela.^oma, mel-d-sadger. Meliace.e, s.pl. A natural order of Exo¬ genous plants, of which the ilfWia. or mar na ash, is the type Melicerous, me-lig'-er-u8f a. Noting encysted tumour. Melkotoon, mfr.e.ko-toony s. A peach grafted on a CUhiea-stock or u-e©. Melicratort, mel-e-kra’-tur-e, 8. A Kind of mead ; a mixture of honey, A-c. Melilite, mel'-e-lite, s. A mineral of a honey coiour, found in the lava of Vesuvius. Melilot, mel'-e-lot,s. A sweet-scented clover. Meliorate, v.a. To make better; to im¬ prove. — v.n. To grow better. Meliorated, meel'-yor-a-ted, pp. or a. Made better. Melioration, meel-yor-a'-shun, s. Improvement. MELioBiTTji: me-le-or'-e fe, s. The state of being better. MELiPHAQinjE, mel-e~fa'-je~de, s.pl. In ornithology, the Honey-suckers, of which the Meliphaga is the type. Mell4 niel, v.n. To mix ; to meddle. Mella-roba, meV-ld~ro'-zd, s. A name of the Bergamot orange, which yields the essential oil of bergamot.' Mellate, meV-late, s. A combination o-'' mellic acid with a base. Melliferous, mel-lif'-er-ns, a. Producing honey. Mellification, mel-lif-e-ka'-shun, s. The production of honey. Mellifluence, niel-l^'-dii-etise, s. A flow of sweetness. Mellifluent, mel-lif'-fiu-ent, i a. Flowing with honey; Mellifluous, meJ-lif'-fia-usy j smooth; sweetly flow¬ ing. Melliqenous, mel-lij'-e-nus, a. Having qualities of honey. Mellit, meV-lit, s. In farriery, a dry scab on the hce of a horse’s fore-foot. Mellitate, meV-le~tate, s. A compotmd of mellitic acid and a base. Mellite, meV-Hte, s. Honey-stone. Mellic, meV-lik^ 1 a. Terms applied to an acid first Mellitic, mel-hf-ik, ) discovered in mellite. Mellon, mel’-lon, s. In chemistry, a yellow powder, composed of carbon and nitrogen. Mellow, meV-lo, a. Soft with ripeness; easily yield¬ ing to pressure; soft to the ear or taste. — v.a. To ripen ; to bring to maturity. — v.n. To become soft; to be ripened. Mellow-toned, mel'-lo-tone'd, a. Having soft tones. Mellowly, mel'-lo-le, ad. In a mellow manner. Mellowness meV-lo-nes, s. Softness ; ripeness ; matu¬ rity. Mellowt, mel'-lo-e, a. Soft; unctuous. Melocactus, mel-o-kak'-tus, s. The Melon-thistle, of the order Coctacerrrnoce(ms leaf has no distinguishable pulp between the two . Membraniform, mem-bra -ne-fawrmf a. Of the torm oi MemJjranologt, mem-&rd-noI'-o-j>, s. anatomy which treats of the membranes of fbe body. Memento, me-meii‘-to, s. (Lat.) A hint; that 1 ^hlch Memoir, me-wot/r', or mem'-war y S. -^.biographical relation ; a history of the life of a particular Indivi¬ dual ; a history of transactions in which some person had a principal share ; the history of a society. Memoirist, mem'-oyr-ist, s. A writer Memorabilia, mem-o-rh-b\l -e-d, s.pl. (Lat.) Things worthy of remembrance. Memorability, mem-o-rd-bil- e - te , State of beinj, Memorable, mem *- ur - d.-hlj a. "iA'orthy to be remem- Memorablt, inem *- ur-&-hley ad. In a manner to be remembered. , __ Memorandum, mem - o - ran '- d\tmy s.; Mfmorandeii^, or Memoranda. (Lat.) A note to help the memory ; a common-place book. ' _ . Mfmorate,^ meni'-o-ra^e, v.a. To make mention of a Memorativb, mem '- o - r &- tiv , a. Adapted topreserve the history of anything. Memorial, me-mo'-re-al, a. Preservative . ~ 8. That which preserves the memory of something , a written representation of facts.—In diplomacy, a species of informal state paper used m negotiatmn. MUMORIA.LIST, me-mo’-re-al-ist, s. O.'?? p memorial, or who presents a memorial to a legislatiye Memorialize, me - mo '- re - al - ize , T.a. To petition hy Mm«(mizE,+ mem'-o-rize, V.a. To record ; to cause to be MEMo:v,'’rrm'-o-rr, s. The facnlty of the mind by which it retains the knowledge of past events ; remembrance ; memoriai; monumental record , re flection ; attention. — Mernoria techmea, artificial —t'v'a^'^^io lav up in the mind or memory. Memphian, mend-fe-an, a. Pertaining to Memphis; very dark. , . Men mm, s.pl. of Man. Two or more males, indi¬ viduals of the human race; males of a brave spirit; Men^ac^I^ meu'-as*’, T-A. To threaten ; to impress or show a determination to inflict punishment or other — A threat or threatening; the show of a probable evil to come. Menacer, 8. One who threatens. Menachanite, men - ak '- an - ite , 8. A variety of titanic iron. ^ 1 Menacing, men '- ase-tng y ppr. Threatening. — a. Exhibiting the danger of an evM. . Menacingly, men'-€U*-ing le, ad. In a threatening manner. Menage, men-azfi', s. (XT-) A coUectian of hnite CJ!* Menagerie, men-azh'-e~re, s. (X'r.) A place in which wild animals are kept. Menagoque, men'-fi-gogyS. A medicine that promotes nicnstruation. , ^ ^ Menu, menu, v.a. To repair: to supply a part broken or defective in anything; to set right; to uuprove, amend, or correct- — v.a. To grow better ; to improve. Mendable, men'-d(i-bl, a. Capable of brini? mended. Mendacious, mrit-f/tt'-sAr-us, a ,i biNe. Mendacity, nien-das'-e-teyS. Habitual falsehood ; deceit. Mended, mend'-ed, pp. or a. Kepaii’ed ; made better. Mender, mend'-er, s. One wlio niunds or lepaiis. Mendicancy, men'-de-kan-se.y s. lleggary , a state 0 begginj;. , . . Mendicant, men'~de.~kant, a. Practising beggaiT — a. A beggar ; one who begs alms. Mendicity. men-dW-e-te, s. The state of begging ; the life of a beggar. — J\lendieity Societxj is a society estu • blished in TtOiulon to suppress beirging. Mending, mend'-itigy ppr. or a. Repairing , improving in health. — 8. Tlie act of repairing. MendmenTjJ mend'-ment. See Amendment. Mendo, men'-do, s. A ivild sweet potato of r^orth America. . ^ , Mengite, 8. A mineral of a hyacinth colour and vitreous lustre, found at yiiask, in Siberia. Meni.vl, a. Pertaining to servants ; mean. — 8. A domestic servant. Menilite, men'-e-lite, s. A brown impure opal. Meninges, me-iiin'-jes, s.pl. The two membranes that envelope the braiii; thepm mater and dura mater. ^Ieningitis, men-in-ji'-tis, s. lullanimation of tlie membranes of the brain. Meniscal, me-nis'-kal, a. Pertaining to a meniscus. Meniscus, me-nis'-kus, s.; pi. Meniscuses. A lens con¬ vex on one side and concave on the other. Mentspermate, men-e-sper'-matey s. A compound oi menispennic acid and a salifiable base.—The 3leni- spermxc acid is obtained from the seeds of the Cocculxis Indiciit. . Menispermine, men-e-Hper'-miiiy 8. A tasteless, white, opaque, crystalline alkaloid. Meniver, men'-e-ver. See Minever. Menolooy, tne-7ioi'-o^'e, 8. A register of months; mar- tyrology. • « ^ - Menopome, men-o-po'-mey 8. A genus of Patrachians, the great Salamander. Menorrhagia, men-o-ra'-je-dj 8. Immoderate men¬ strual discharge. MENSALjt men'-saly a. Belonging to the table. MENSB,t mexise, s. Propriety of manners; decency {local ). Menses, m«n'-«ez, s.pl. In phxjsiologyy the catamenia or monthly discharges of the female Mammifcra. Menstrual, men'-strxi-aly a. Happening once a month; lasting a mouth ; pertaining to a menstruum. Menstruant, men'-'Stru-axity a. Subject to monthly flowings. -m XI Menstruation, men-strxi-a'-shwiy s. Plow of the menses. . . , Menstroous, men'-strxi-us , a. Pertaining to raenstrua- tion. Menstruum, »neH'-sfru-«»R,s.; pi. Menstruums or Men 8TRUA. A solvent; any subtilized substance wliiclj dissolves a solid body. , Mensurabii.ity, men-sxi-rh-hiV-e-te.y or tnen-s.w-ro-ow .. e-te, s. Capability of being measured. Mensurable, men' -su-rd-bly a. Measurable. Mensural, men'-sxi-ral, a. Pertaining to measure. MENsrRATE,+ meii'-8ti-ratey v.a. To measure. Mensu R.ATioN, 8- TliG act, procBSS, 07 art of measuring anything ; measure. Mentaora, men'-ta-grd, s. An lierpetic eruption which affects the skin- , , . . , Mental, men'~tal, a. Pertaining to the mind ; inlQLxeC' Mentally, men'-tal-Xey^d.. Intellectually; in Inemind, in idea. , -nix- x Menticultural, men-te-hxdf-yxi-raly a. Relating to the culture or improvement of the mind. Menticultdre, men-te-knlt'~yury 8 . Cultivation of the mental faculties. , Mention, 8 . A hint; a suggestion. — v.a. To speak; to name • to nriicQ incidentally MENTIONABLE [ 610 ] MERET-ANDEETSr KiENTioNiBLB, metV'Shxtn-A-blf a. That may be men¬ tioned. Mentor, men'-tnr^ s. A wise counsellor or monitor. Mentorial, men’M-re-al, a. Containing advice. Menu, 1 , (s. In Hindoo mythology,t'\\QSon of Menod, ! »( l^rahma, and author of the cele¬ brated Institutes, which constitute the most distin¬ guished code of Indian civil and religious law. Mephitic, ine-Jit'-iky a. Offensive to the smell; foul; noxious ; destructive to life.— Mephitic acid is usually carbonic acid. Mephitis, ine-fi'-tiSy 1 S. Foul, offensive, or no_x- Mephitism, me/'-it-iznif} ious exhalations from dis- solviiur substances. Mpracioi'S.J ine-rn'-shiiSjU. Strong; racy. MK-Rr\B!.E,i met'-kd-b'y a. To be sold or bought. Mkrcant.\nte4 »ier-kan-tan'-te, s. A foreign trader. Meri AXTii.E. a. Trading; commercial. Mercator’s Chart, mer-Kn'~turs tchart, s. A chart construcfed on the principle of Mercator’s projection of the globe of the oaith in piano. See Frojection. MERCATrRE,t mer’-M-tnre, s. The practice of buying and selling. Mercenarily, 'inet'^-jse-nd-re-ley ad. In a mercenary manner. Mehcenariness, wifir'-sc-nA-re-nes, s. Venality; regard to hire. , ^ Mercenary, mer'-ee'nd-rey a. Venal; moved by tJio love of money ; hired, as troops ; mean ; selfish. — s. A soldier hired into foreign service. Mercer, mer'-ser, s. A dealer in silks and woollen cloths.— Cotnpany is one of tlie twelve great lively companies of Tiondon. Mercership, mer'-ner-sfixp, s. The business of a mercer. Mercery, yner'-Be-re, s. The commodities or goods in which a mercer deals ; trade of mercers.—The French word Mercerie is the conynercial customs’ classifica¬ tion of a variety of haberdashery wares. MerciianDjJ mer^-tekand, v.n. To trade. Merch.a.ndise, mer'-tchcin-dizey 8. The objects of com¬ merce ; wares, goods, or commodities bought or sold. — v.n. To trade ; to carry on commerce. Merchandrt,^ mer'-tchan-dref s. Trade ; commerce. Merch.\nt, mer'-tchant, s. One who traffics or Cannes on commercial dealings with foreign countries; a trfxder.—Merchantman, a trading sKi^.-Merchnyit-ser- vire, a term applied to the marine service of Britain, as distinguished from her Majesty’s service.— chnnt-tailor. a tailor who keijps a shop containing articles used in his trade. —± v.n. To ti’ade. Merch.vnt-like, tner'-tchant-like, a. Tike a merchant. Merchantable, nicr’-tchcint-h-hl, a. Fit for market; marketable; vendible. Meroiable,^: mer'-she-d-hl, a. Merciful. Merciful, mer^-se-fvl, a. Having or exercising mercy ; disposed to pity offenders, and forgive offences ; com¬ passionate ; luimane. Mercitcllt, mer'-'Se-fnl-Ie, ad. AVith compassion or pity. Mercifulness, mer'-se-ful-nes, s. Tenderness toivards offenders. Merciless, mer'-se-les, a. Destitute of mercy ; cruel. Mercilessly, mer'-se-les-le, ad. Cruelly. Mercilessness, mer'-se-les-yies, 8. AVant of mercy. Mercurial, mer-keio'-re^nl , a. Formed under the in¬ fluence of mercury ; active ; sprightly ; pertaining to or consisting of mercury or quicksilver.—ilfercuHrtZ trough, an insti*unient used for the collection of such gases as arc absorbable by water. Mercurialist, vier-kew'-re-(d‘ist, s. One under the influence of mercury. Mercurialize, t mer keto'-re-al-ize, v.n. To be humo¬ rous or fantastic.—In medicine, to affect the system with mercury. Mercurially, mer-kew'-re~al-le, ad. In a lively manner. Mercurification, mer~keio~re-fe-ka'-shun , s. In metal- Uirgic chemistry, the process of obtaining the mercury from metallic minerals in its fluid ilERcuRiFY, mer-kew'-re-fi, v.a. To obtain mercury from metallic minerals. Mercury, mer'-ku-re, s. In mythology, the god of eloquence and trade.—In mineralogy, a metal called oxticksiUer, which at ordinary temperatures is liquid, but becomes solid at 39® below zero. Its specific qravity is nearly 14 times that of water.—Sprightly qualities; one of the planets nearest the sun, and usrant a^ut 36,0W,000 miles. Mercy, mtr'-se, 8. Denevolence, mildness, or tellde^ ness of heart; goodness; pity; clemency; compassion the act of sparing.—To fee or to lie at the mercy of, lo have no means of self-defence.—ilfercy-sea/’, the pro¬ pitiatory ; the covering of the ark of covenant among the Jews. Merd, merd, s. Ordure ; dung. Merdiferous, rner-di/'-er-us, a. Producing manure. Mere, mere, a. This or that only ; absolute ; entire — s. A pool or lake ; a boundary. —v.a. To divide or bound. Merely, mere'-le, ad. Only ; thus and no other way; simply. Meretricious, mer-e-trish'-us, a. Pertaining to pros¬ titutes ; alluring by false show. Meretriciously, mer-e-trish'-us-Ie,iid.. AA^’ith deceitful enticements. MEREi’RiciorsNESS, mer-e-trish’-us-nes, s. Deceitful alluremonts, like those of a prostitute. Meroanid.e, mer-gnn’-e de, spl. The Mergansers; a sub-familv of the Anntidce, or Duck family, of which the Mergus is the type, and only genus. Meroanser, mer-gan'-ser, s. An aquatic fowl, the goosander. Merge, merj, v.a. To inimerse ; to cause to be swal¬ lowed up. — v.n. To be sunk, swallowed, or lost. Meridian, me-rid'-e-an, s. In as 'ro)iomy and geography, a great circle supposed to be drawn or to pass through the poles of the earth, and the zenith and nadir of any given place, intersecting the equator at right angles, and dividing the hemisphere into eastern and western,—Mid-day ; noon; the highest point.— netic meridian is a great circle, parallel with the direction of the magnetic needle, and passing through its poles. — a. Peing on the meridian or at mid-day; pertaining to the highest point, or to the magnetic meridian. Meridional, me-rid'-e-on-al, a. Southerly; having a southern aspect. Meridionality, me-rid-e-on-aV-e-te, 8. State of being in the meridian ; aspect toward the south. Meridionally, we-rtG-e-o/i-nZ-Ze, ad. In the direction of the meridian. Merino, me-ree'-no, a. A term applied to a vanety of shei'p from Spain, which produce a wool distinguished for its fineness. — s. A thin woollen fabric of merino wool. Meriones, mer-e-o'-7ie$, 8. The Canadian jumping mouse. Merit, mer'-it, s. Desert; goodness or excellence; worth; reward deserved. — v.a. To deserve ; to have a right to claim reward ; to have a just title to. Meritable,^ mer'-it-h hl, a. Deserving of reward. Merited, m€i''-it-ed, pp. or a. Earned ; deserved. Meritorious, tner-^to'-re-us, a. Deserving of reward praiseworthy. Meritoriously, yner-e-to'-re-us-te, ad. So as to deserve reward. Meritoriousness, mer-e-to^-7'e-xis-nes, s. State of de¬ serving reward. Merkin^ mer^-kin, 8. In gunnery, a mop used in cleansing great guns. Merle, merle, s. A blackbird, the Turdus mertda of Linnaeus. Merlin, mer^-lm, 8. A hnnd-spike ; a species of liawk. JIerlino, mer'-Hng, s. The whiting„ the Gadus ^ner- langus of Linnieus. Meri.on, tner'-hin, s. In fortification, that part of a parapet which lies between two embrasures. Mermaid, mer'-made, s. A fictitious marine animal, said to resemble a woman in the upper parts of the Merops, yn^-rops, s.pl. (Lat.) A genus of birds railed hee.-eaters, of the family Meropidcs. Merrily, mer'-re-le, ad. AA'ilh mirth ; jovially. ^ Merrtmake, mer'-re-make, s. A meeting for mirth ; 0 festival. — v.n. To be merry; to feast. Merriicent, mer'-re-meyit, 1 s. Gaiety with laughter Merriness, mer'-re-nes, ] or noise ; mirth ; Jollity. Merry, mer'-re, a. Gay and noUf ; causing laughter or mirth; cheerful; vivacious.—To make m3rry, tc be jovial. — 8. The common, wild, red cherry. Merry-andrew, mer*-re-an*-drew, s A buffoon ; a mountebank t i MEEBY-MAKINa [ 611 ] METAMOEPHISM Meriiy-makinq, mer'-re-ma^-king, a. Producing mirth. — • 8. A, fostival; a meetinj» for mirth. Mkrrt-qtjilts, mer^-re-kioiltSj s. Cotton fabrics made in .\8sam. Merry-thottoht, meY'~r^-tha%ot^ s. The forked bone Of a fowl’s broast. Mkrsion. tner'-shrm, 8. 8e<> Immersion. Mfr’ ltiians, me-rew'-le-’dans, 8.pl. Birds Of the Thnish family. Mesaratc, mPS~A-ra'-ik, a. Pertaining to the mesentery. Mksri*ms,+ nip-seeniT^, v.imper. It seems to me.—Past tense, ’\Trseemed. Mesembryanthemem, mes-evi-bre-an'-the~‘nium, s. The fiff-marigold, or midday-flower, of the order Mesem- hryacfiCB. IMesenteric, mes-eti-ter'-ik, a. Pertaining to the mesentery. Mesentery, mes^-en-ter-e, s. In anatomy, a membrane in the cavity of the abdomen, attached to the vertebne. Mesh, mesh, s. The opening or space between the threads of a net; the grains or wash of a brewery. — v.a. To catch in a net; to ensnare. Meshy, mesh*-e., a. Pomiod like network ; reticulated. Mesial, mef-ze-al, a. Tn anatomy, an epithet applied to a longitudinal lino dividing the body, or any member or organ, into two equal parts. Mesitylene, me-sit’-c-lene, s. An oily colourless liquid of a light and inflammable nature. Meslin, mez*-lin, s. A mixture of different sorts of grain. Mesmeric, mez-yner'-ik, a. Relating to mesmerism. Mesmerism, mez'-yner-izyn, s. The pretended power of producing a kind of sleep, or unconsciousness to ex¬ ternal objects, while the mind remains active. Mesmerist, ytiez'-yner-ist, s. One who produces the mesmeric state. « Mesmerization, ynpz-yyier-e-za'~shuyi, s. Act of producing the mesmeric state. Mesmerize, yyiez'-y)ier~ize,y.a.. To affect the hody with a species of sleep while the mind retains its activity and power. Mesne, ynem, a. Tn fa?o, middle; intervening; as, a mesne lord, who holds land of a superior.— pro¬ cess, such procf'ss as intervenes between the beginning and end of a suit.—ilfcsne promts, intermediate profits of land received by one who is wrongfully in posses¬ sion. Mesocolon, tnc.s-o-fco'-Zon, s. Tn anatomy, a continuation of the mesentery. yiTsociK^T\i\c.,yyyes-o-gn^-trik, a. In ewofowi/,occupying the umbilical region, or middle of the belly. Mesole. rnes'-ofe, ) s. A mineral of the zeolite Mesoi.ite, ynes'-o-fite ,) family; the needlestone. Mesosperm, mes'-o-sperm, s. In botayiy, a membrane of a seed. Mesothor.ax, tnes-o-fho'-raks, s. In eyitomology, the middle segment of the thorax. Me.sotype, mps^- 0 ‘tipe,s. A zeoUtic mineral. Mesqt-ite, mes-keet*, s. (Pr.) A kind of gum ; the Prench name of an American oak. Mess, mes, s. A dish or a quantity of food prepared or set on a table at one time; a medley ; a mixed mass ; a number of persons u-ho eat together, as amongst sailors and soldiers.—is an associate in eating at the same table. — v.n. To eat in company, as seamen — V a. To supply Muth a mess. Messiioe. mes'-saje, s. Any notice or communication, M'ritten or verbal, sent from one person to another. Messenger, Mies'••sen-jVr, ) 8. One M'ho hears a message Messaoer, ?Mes'-sd- 7 >r, I or an errand; a carrier; a courier, precursor, or herald; a hawser or small cable wound round the capstan. Messiah, mes-si'-A, s. Christ, the Anointed; a term applied by the Jews to the prophets, kings, and priests. Messiahshtp, mes-si'-A-ship, s. Character or office of the Saviour. Messieurs, Mie.s?i'-?/erz, s.pl. of Monsieur,. (Ft.) Sirs; gentlemen; abbreviated into Messrs. Messuage, tnes'-sivaje, s. In Jaw, a dwelling-house and adjoining land, appropriated to the household. Mestino. MIT’S-1 s. (Sp.) In Spayiish America, Mestizo, yyies-tee'-zo, f the child of a Spaniard or cpeole and a native Indian. Mbstoup, mes'-toopf s. In the sUk trade, the name of a package. Met, met, pret. and pp. of the verb to meet. Metabasis, me-tab'-A-sis, s. In rhetoric, transition. Metabolian, ynet-A-bo'-h-an, s. An insect which undy goes a metamorphosis. Metacarpal, ynet-A-kdr'-pal, a. Belonging to the met;:- carpns. Metacarpus, «IC^-d-^:rtr'-pMS, s. In ayinfoyny, the part of the hand between the wrist and the fingers. Metachronism, ine-faftM’o-nisMi, 8. An error in chi’o- nology. Metacism, mef-A-siziti, s. A defect in pronouncing the letter mi, Metage, me'-tage, s. Measurement of coal; price of measuiing goods in hulk from a vessel. Metaorammatism, Mief-rt-groMy-M?d-fi 2 w, s. A transpo¬ sition of the letters of a name into such a connection as to express some perfect sense applicable to tho person named; anagi*ammatism. Metal, met'tl, or ynetf-al, s. A fixed, shining, opaque body or substance, insoluble in water, fusible by heat, a good conductor of heat and electricity, and having a peculiar lustre known as the ynetallic Instre; a technical name for glass in a state of fusion; the effective power of guns borne by a vessel of war. See Metallic and Metals. Metalepsis, ynet-A-lep'-sis, s. Tn rhetoric, the conjunc¬ tion of two or more different figures in the same word. Metaleptic, met-A-lep'-tik, a. Translative ; traiw erso. Meta LEPTicALLY, met-A-lep'-te-kal-le, ad. By ti’anspo- sition. Metat.ltc, me-taV-Uk, a. Pertaining to a metal or metals, or partaking of their nature ; like a metal.— MctaUic Instre, in ynhieralogy, a glitter or brilliancy resembling metals.— Metallic ore, a metal existing in the state of an oxide or a Metallic oxide, a metal combined with oxygen.— Metallic salts, salts which have metallic oxide as their base.— 3IetalHc vein, a mineral vein containing metallic ore. See Metal and Metals. IMetat.liferous, met-al~lif-er'US, a. Producing metals. Metalliform, me-tal'-le-fayvryn, a, Having the form of metals. Metalline, met'-al-line, a. Pertaining to or consisting of metal. Metalling, tiiTii'-aWtMp, s. An engine-^ring name for stone and other material applied to aive firmness and solidity to common roads and railways. !Metallist, ynet'-al-lis', s A worker in metals. Metali.ization, yyiet-A-le-za'-shxm, s. The actor process of metallizing. Metallize, met'-al-Uze, v.a. To form into metal, Metallography, met-al-log^-rA-fe, s. An account of metals. Metalloid, met'-al-loyd, s. The metallic bases of tho alkalies and earths. Metalloidal, yy}et-al-loy'-dal,B.. ^Having the appear¬ ance of a metal. ' Metallurgic, Micf-ol-hir'-j'tfc, a.. Pertaining to metal¬ lurgy. Metallurgist, mef-al-hir-jisf, s. One who works in metals. Metallurgy, ynef-al-Jur-je, s. The art of working metals from the state of ore to the utensil, conipre- hondinc assaying, smelting, refining, smithery, tkc.. Metklwan, yneV-nl-yyinn, s. A worker in metals ; a coppersmith or tinman. Metat,s, g.pl. (.Se<» Metal) are distin¬ guished by the properties of fu^^ihility, malleahility, ductility, tenacity, elasticity, and crystalline texture. —Gold and silver are termed the noble, ynefais; tlie former being considered as the metallic element.—The metallic bases of the alkalies are potassium, sodium, and lithium. — The ynetallic bases of the alkaline earths are barium, strontium, calcium, and magne¬ sium.—JfetaZ/tc bases of the earths are aluminium, zirconium, glucinium, silicium,yttrium, and thorium. The oxides of these metals are pure earths.-.Ifctn/s magyxetic are iron, nickel, and cohalt.—Metals are termed yiative when found in an uneomhined fomA and mmeralized, when combined with other bodies.— In heraldry, there are but two metals used in coats of arras, viz. gold (or), and silver {argent). Metamorphtc, ynet-a-ynaior'-fik. a. In geology, pertain¬ ing to changes which minerals or rocks may have undergone since their original deposition. Metamorphtsm, ynet A-yyiawr'-Jizm,^. In peoZopy, state of being metamorphic. METAMORPHOSE [ 612 ] METTLE Metamorphose, »n«i-A-ma«7r'-/ose, V.a. To change into a different form. METAMORPHOsiis, inet-A-mawr'-fo-siSf 8. Change of form or shape ; transformation, as of a chrysalis into a wtnifed animal ; hence, MetamorphosiCf Metainor- phosfirnl, &c. Metaphor, 8. A figure of speech , a short similitude ; a word expressing similitude without the signs (»f comparison. Metaphoric. mei-rt/or'-iA:, la. Pertaining to Metaphorical, metaphor; com¬ prising a metaphor. Metaph«>ricai.lv, met-A~for*-e-kal-lef ad. In a meta¬ phorical manner. Metatho-rist, 8. One who makes meta¬ phors. Metaphrase, rnef-A-frazey s. A verbal translation. ME rAPHRA8T, tnet'-A-frast, a. One who translates word for word. Metaphrarttc, met-A-fra^-tik, a. Close or literal in translation. Mbtaphyric, la. Pertaining or re- Mbtaph Y8ICAL, met-A-Jiz'~e-kal,j latingmetaphysics; itsupeimatural. .llEf APH> su ALi.Y, met-A-fiz'-e-kal-U, ad. In the manner of metapliysicaJ science. Metaph Y8ICJAN, niet-A'fe-zish’-aUf 8. One versed in metaphysics. ’ , .Metaph Y 81 C 8 , 8. The science of mind or intelligence. Mbtapi.asm, metf-A-ptazm, 8. In grammar, a change made in a word bv alteration of a syllable or letter. Metastasis, nie-tas'-tA-sis, 8. Change or removal of a di.scase. Metatarsal, met-A-t‘dr*'ml, a. Belonging to the meta¬ tars us Metatarscs, met-fi-t'di'*‘SU8, s. The middle of the foot. Metathesis, me-tath’~e~sis, 8. Transposition, by which the letters or syllables of a word are transposed.—In medicine, removal of a morbid cause. IMetathorax, met-A-tho'-rciks, s. In entomology, the last or posterior segment of the thorax. Metatome, meV-A-tome, s. In architecture, the space between one dentil and another. Metayer, met-tay ~yer, s. (Fr.) A cultivator who pays rent partly in produce. Mete, mete, v.a. To ascertain quantity or capacity. — 8. Measure; limit; boundary; hence. Metewand, Me.teyard, Ac. Metecokn, s. A certain measure of corn, formerly given by the lord of a manor as a reward for labour. , Metempsychosis, me-temp-se-ko*-sis, s. Transmigra¬ tion ; the passing of the soul from an animal body to another. Metem PTOSIS, me-temp'-to-sis, 8. In chronology, the solar equation necessary to prevent the suppression of the bissextile once in 134 years. « ^ Meti-or, mete'~y^w, 8, A body that flies or floats in the air ; a fiery cr luminons bociy or appearance flying or floating in the atmosphere, or in the skies; shooting Slat'S.— Figuratively, anythmg that transiently daz¬ zles. . . ^ ... Meteoric, me-te-or^-ik, a. Pertaining to or consisting of meteors.— iron, iron in the metallic state, as found in meteoric stones.—Jlf« The science ofmetcors, or that science which treats of the atmosphere and its phenomena. «« x * Meteoroscopy ,+ me-te-oT~o^-ko-pe, s. Tliat P^Jt of astr()uomy which treats of heavenly bodies, distance of stars, &c. . , . Meteorocs, me'-te-or-us, a. Having the nature of a meteo! j . Me * pH -ter, s. One who measures ; chiefly used in compounds, as laiid-meter,coal-meter,S lq. ameasure. See Metre. Metheolin, me-theg'-Hn, i. A beverage made of honey and water Methinks, me-thiiik^, v.imper. ; pp. Methodght. It seems to me ; I think. Method, meth'-ud, s. A suitable and convenient arranjrement of tilings, proceedings, or ideas: order; regularity; system; arrangement of natural bodies according to their common characteristics. Methodic, mp-iAod'-tA:, la. Arranged in conveni- Methodical, vie-thod'-e.-kal, ( ent order ; disposed in a manner to illustrate a subject. Methodically, rne-thod'-e-kal-le, ad. In a mothodic.a2 manner. Methodism, meW-o-dizm, s. The doctrines and worshif of Methodists. Methodist, meth'-o-dist, s. One of a sect of Christiana founded by John AVeslev, of which there aie difFercnt denominations; as the dahinistic ]itefhodists, founded by Whiietiekl, Independent Methodists; Primitive Methodists ; New Con*iej-ion Methodists, &c.—A phy- sici.i;- who practises by method or theory. Methodistical, meth-o-dis’-te-kal, a. Resembling the Methodists. MetHOD isTicALLY, meth-o-dW-te-kal-le, ad. After the manner of Methodists. Methodize, meth'-o-dize, v.a. To reduce to method. Methocght, tne-fhawt', pret. of Methinks. Methylated Spirit, vieth'-e-la-ted spir'-it, a. Spirit of wine five and a half per cent, over proof, mixed with wood naphtha, or methylic spirit. Methylene, meth'-e-lene, a. A highly volatile and inflammable liquid. Metoche, met'-o-ke, 8. In architecture, the space be¬ tween two dentils. Metonic, me-ton'-ik, s. In astronomy, the cycle of the moon, or period of nineti'en years, in which the luna¬ tions of the moon return to the same days of the month. This is called the metonic cycle, lunar cycle, or golden number. Metonyahc, met-o-nim'-ik, a. Used by way of metonymy. Meton ym y , metf-o-nim-e, or me-ton'-e-me, s. In rhetoric, a trope in which one word is put for another. Metope, met'-o-pe, s. In architecture, the space between the tnglyphs of the Doric frieze. Metoposcopist, met-o-pos^-ko-pist, s. One versed in physiognomy. Metoposcopy, met-o-pos^~ko-pe, a. The study of phy¬ siognomy. Metralgia, me-traV-je-A, 8. Pain in the womb. Metranstrophe, me-trans'-trof-e, s. Inversion of the womb. Metre, m^tr, s. (Fr.) Measure; vci*se; arrangement of poetical feet, or oflong and short syllables in verse; a French measure of length, which is the rudimentary unit of the metrical system of France, fixed at the ten-millionth part of the quadrant of the meridian, and equal to 39'37 English inches Metrical, met'-re-kal, a. Pertaining to measure, or due airangement of long and short syllables. Metrically, met'-re-kal-le, ad. In a metrical manner. Metrician, me-trish'-an, a. A writer of verses. Metrify, met'-re-fi, v.n. To write verses; to versify, or reduce words to metrical feet. Metritis, me-tri'-tis, a. Inflammation of the womb. Metrocele, met'-ro-sele, s. Hernia of the womb. Metrograph, met'-ro-grof, s. An iiidicatorof the speed of railway trains, which shows the hour of arrival and departure at each station. Metrology, me-troV-o-je, s. An account of measures. Metromania, met-ro-ma'‘ne-A,a, An inordinate desire for writing verses. . . x x ix.^ Metronome, met'-ro-nome, s. An instrument with a short pendulum, which serves to beat and measure time in music. _ . . , Metronomy, wie-^ron'-o-tnc, 8. The measuring time by an instrument. _ , . , , Metropolis, me-trop''‘ 0 -lis, a. The Chief City cr capital of a kingdom, state, or country. Metropolitan, met-ro-pol'-e-tan, a. Belonging to a metropolis. — 8. The bishop who presides over the otm r bishops of a province. Metropolite,^ me-trnp'-o-lite, 8. A metropolitan. Metropolitical, met-ro-po-litf-e-kal, a. Pertaining to a metropolis. • Metrorrhagia, me-tror-ra'-je-A, s. Haemorrhage of llw womb. Metrotomy, me-trot'-o-me, s. Incision of the womb. MxTXLZ, %. Spirit; constitutional ardour. METTLED [ 613 ] MIEMITE Mettled, ) a. High-spirited; full of Mettlesome, met’tl-sum, | fire ; brisk. Mettlesomelt, met'tUsxim'U, ad. 'With sprightliness. Metti.esomeness, meVtl-sxim-nes, s. State of being high-spirited. Mevv, rneio, s. A «ea-fowl of the genus larxis; a guU ; a cage for birds ; an inclosure ; a place of confinement. —Metes, the name given to the royal and other set of stables in London. — v.a. To shut up; to inclose; to shed or cast; to change; to moult. — v n. To cry as a cat; to change: to put on a new appearance. Mewino, meiv'-ingf s. The act of moulting; a crying, as of a cat. Mewl, mewl, y.n. To cry from uneasiness. Mewt.er, mevZ-ler, s One that squalls or mewls. Mezerei’m, xne-ze'-re-um, s. A small ornamental shrub. Mezqfitf, mez-keeV See Mesquite. Mezzanine, metf-za-nin, s. In architecture, a story of small height introduced between two higher ones. Mezzo, met'-zo. (Ital.) In music, middle, mean; thus, mezzo-voce is a medium fulness of voice. Mezzo-reltevo, metf~zo-re-le'-vo,^. A middle point of relief in figures, between high and low relief. Mezzotint, met'-zo~tint, 1 s. (Ital.) A mode of en- Mezzotinto, met-zo-tin'-to,] graving or representa¬ tion of figures on copper, in imitation of painting in Indian ink, which effect is produced by scraping the lights of the picture on a black ground. Miasm, mi'-azm, s. The same as Miasma. Miasma, mi-az' mh, s.; pi. Miasmata. Infecting sub¬ stances floating in the air. Miasmal, mi-az'-mal, a. Containing miasma. Miasmatic, mi-az-mat'-ik, a. Pertaining to miasma. Mica, s. A transparent mineral, which is an essential constituent of granite, gneiss, and mica slate, and is capable of being cleaved into elastic plates of extreme thinness. It is used like glass for lanterns and the doors of stoves. Mica-schist, mi) s. AschistoserockjConsist- Mica -slate, m/'-| ing of mica and quartz. Micaceous, mi-kn -she-us, a. Like mica. Micarel. mik'-h-rel s. A species of argillaceous earth. Mice, mise, s.pl. of Mouse. Michaelite, mi'-kel-ite, 8 . A sub-variety of silicious sinter. Michaelmas, mik'-el-mas, s. The feast of St. Michael, celebrated Sept. 29; colloquially, autumn. — Among lawyers. Michaelmas term is the interval between Nov. 2nd and 25th. Miche, mitsh, v.n. To lie hid; to skulk. MiCHER.i mitsh*-er,s. One who skulks, or creeps out of sight, a thief. Michino, mitsh'-ing, ppr. or a. Retiring; skulking. {Vulgar.) Mickle,I mik'kl, a. Much ; great.—M tjckle. Mico, mi-ko, s. A small South American monkey; also the name of a vegetable butter or solid oil, made in Japan. Microcosm, mi'-kro-kozm, s. Literally, a little world, or world in miniature, but used for man, supposed to be an epitome of everything admirable in the universe. Microcosmtc Salt, mi-kro-koz'-mik saxolt, s. A triple salt of soda, ammonia, and phosphoric acid. Microcosmical, mi-kro-koz'-me-kal, a. Pertaining to the microcosm. Microcosmoorapht, mi-kro-koz-mog'-rA-fe, s. The description of man as a little world. Microcoustic, mi-kro-koics'-tik, s. An instrument to augment small sounds, and assist in hearing. Micrography, mi-krog'-rA-fe, s. The description of objects too small to be discerned without the aid of a microscope. Microlite, mik'-ro-Hte, 8 . A mineral of a brownish- red colour, found in Massachusetts. Micrology. 8 . A treatise on microscopic animals and plants. Micrometer, mi-krom'-e-ier, s. An instrument applied to the telescope or microscope for measuring small objects. Micrometrical, mi-kro-mef-re-kal, a. Belonging to the micrometer. Microphone, mi'-kro-fone,^. An instrument to aug¬ ment small sounds. Microphonics. mi-kro-fon'-iks, s.pl. The science of magnifying low sounds. Mic&opfiONT, mi-krof'-o-nt. B. Weakness of voice. Microptlz, mi' kro-pile, s. In hotany, the mouth of ths foramen of an ovulura. Microscope, mi'-kro-skope, s. An optical instrument, consl.sting of lenses or mirrors, which largely mag¬ nify, and thus render visible those minute objects which are invisible to the naked eye. Microscopic, mt-Aro-jAop'-tA, a. Made by the aid of a microscope. Microscopical, mi-kro-skop'-e-kal, a. Resembling 9 microscope; capable of seeing small objects; veif small Microscopically, mi-kro-skop'-e-hal-le, ad. By tl< microscope. Microscupist, mi'-kro-sko-pist, s. One skilled in micro* scopy. Microscopy, mi-kros^ -ko-pe, 8. The use of the micro¬ scope. Microtine, mi'-kro tin, a. Consisting of small crystals. Micturition, mik-tu-rish'-un, s. Desire of passing the urine. Mid, mid, a. Middle : at equal distance from extremes ; intervening, as middle of life, or persons of that age.— Mid forms a prefix to numerous compounds, which are generally self-explanatory ; as, Mid-course, Mid-day, Mid-heaven, Mid-le.nt, Mid-winter, Mid-wood. Other compounds will be found under their alphabetical order. Mida, mi'-dA, s. A worm, or the bean-fly. Midden, m/rf'rfn, B. A dunghill. (Ijocal.) Middle, mid'dl, a. Equally distant from the extremes , intermediate.— Middle Ages, the period which inter¬ vened between the fall of the Roman Empire and the revival of letters in the fifteenth century. — s. The point or part equally distant from the extremities; the time that passes, or events that hap¬ pen between the beginning and the end.—Middle- aged, being about the middle of the ordinary age of man.— Middle-deck^ the deck below the main-deck in three-deckers.— Middle-mnn, an agent between two parties, chiefly connected with the letting of land.— Middle-untted, of moderate abilities. Middlemost, mid'dl-most, a. Nearest the middle. Middlestonite, mid’dl-ston-ite, s. A mineral found between layers of coal, composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Middling, middling, a. Of middle rank, or quality, about equally distant from the extremes. Middlingly, mid'dling-le, ad. Passably; indififer- ently. Middlings, mid'dlings, s.pl. The coarser part of flour, Midge, midj, s. A gnat or fly. Midland, mid-land, a. Being in the interior country; distant f’^om the coast. Mid-leo, mid'-leg, s. Middle of the leg. Mid-lenting, mid-lenf-ing, a. Going about to visit relatives at Mid-Lent. Mid-lifE; mid'-life, s. The middle of life. Midmost, a. Middle. Midnight, mid'-nife, s. The middle of the night. — a. Being in the middle of the night; dark. Min-RiB, mid'-rib, s. In botany, a continuation of tX petiole. Midriff, s. In anatomy, the diaphragm. Mid-sea, mid-see, s. The midst of the sea. Midship, mid'-ship, a. Being in the middle of a ship. Midshipman, s. Iji ships o/wiar, a kind of navel cadet, or one who has passed examination and is a candidate for promotion. Midships, mid'-ships, ad. In the middle of a ship. Midst, midst, s. The middle.— In the midst, involved in, or overwhelmed by. — ad. In the middle. Mid-stream, tnirf'-sfremtf, s. The middle of the stream. Midsummer, mid'-sum-mer, s. The summer solstice, about June list.—Midsummer's-eve, the eve of the nativity of St. John the Baptist, or Midsummer’s day. Midward, i mid-wawrd,B.d.. Midst; being in the middle Midway, mid-way, s. The middle of the way. — a. Being in the middle distance. — ad. Halfway. Midwife, mid'-wife, s. A woman who assists in child¬ birth. — v.n. To perform the office of midwife. — v.a. To assist in childbirth. Midwifery, mid'-wif-er-e, s. The art or practice of assisting women in chDdbirth ; obstetrics. Mibmitb, mi'-e-mite, 8. A variety of magneelan limo* stone. MIEN [ 614 ] MILLET power; national abiUty; splendour; Mibn, mem, s. External appearance; carriage of body; look: countenance; demeanour. Might, mite, pret. of Mat. To have had power or liber^ ; to have been possible. — 8. Strength ; force; physical strength; military prowess; effulgence.— With might and main, with the utmost siren sth. Mightily, mi'-te-le, ad. With great power or strength; vigorously ; with great energy. Mightiness, mi'-te-nes, s. Power ; greatness ; a title of ^gnity , . , Mighty, mV-te, a. Having great physical power; valiant; bold; potent; very strong in numbers; loud; vehement; important; momentous. — ad. In a great degree. Migniard, witn'-t/Grd, a. Soft; dainty. Mignonette, miii'yo-iii’tf , s. (Pr.) A sweet-scented plant of the genus Reseda odorata. Migr.^te, mi'-grafe, v.n. To pass or remove from one country to another, with a view to a residence. Migration, mi-grn'-shnn, s. The act of removing from one kingdom to another ; removal. Migratory, mi'‘gra-t%(r-e,di. llemoving or accustomed to remove from one country to another; roving; wan¬ dering. , , ... Milch, mtZsA a. Giving milk ; tender ; merciful. Mild, mile'd, a. Gentle ; placid ; kind ; indulgent; compassionate; moderate ; not acrid, coiTosive, or drastic ; not acrimonious; not fierce, rough, or angry; not shaip, sour, or bitter. , , x- j Mildew, mil'-dew , s. A thin whitish coating found sometimes on the leaves of vegetables, paper, cloth, &c., and consistin;? of innximerable minute fungi. — v.a. To taint with mildew. Mildewed, mil' -(itwilf pp. of the verb to mildew. Mildly, mile'd' -le, ad Softly ; gently ; tenderly. Mildness, »H»7€’d'->ies, 8. Gentleness; tendeniess. MiLD-sriRiTED, la. Having a mild Mild-tempered, mile'd-tem'-perdy j temper; of a gen¬ tle disposition. , ^ Mile, mile, s. A measure of length or distance, the English or statute mile containing 8 furlongs, 320 rods, poles, or perches, >760 yards, 5,280 feet, or 80 chains. The square mile contains 6,400 square chains, or 640 acres. The English geographical mile is one- sixtieth of a degree of latitude, or about 2,025 yards. Mileage, mile- -aje, s. Pees for travelling by the mile. Milestone, mile'-stone, s. A stone set to mark the space of a mile. ^ Milfoil, miV-foyl, s. In hotany, the genus Achillea mil¬ lefolium, or yarrow. Miliary, mil'-e-d-re, a. Resembling millet-seeds.—In pathology, accompanied with an eruption like millet- seeds Miliola, mil-e-o'-ld, s. A family of molluscous Forami- nifera, consisting of microscopic inultilocular uni¬ valves^ not larger than a millet-seed, from which the name IS derived. . ^ , Ml i.ioi.iTE, wi/^-8-o-ZtY8, 8. A fossil remain of the wittt- ola, a minute mollusk, which forms the principal part of the masses of stone in some of the quarries in the neighbourhood of Paris. MiLioLiTic, mil-e-o-lif-ik, a. Pertaining to miliolite. Militancy,+ miV-e-tan-se, 8. W’ai'fare. Militant, mil'-e-tant, a. Fighting ; serving as a sol¬ dier.—The Church militant is the Christian church on eiuiiu. , , Militarily, miV-e-th-re-le, ad. In a soldierly manner. Military, mtl'-e-W-re, a. Pertaining to soldiers or to arms ; warlike ; becoming a soldier; martial.— tury tenure, a tenure of land, on oondition of perform¬ ing military service. — 8. The whole.body of soldiers; the militia. Militate, miV-e-tate, v.n. To oppose; to injure; to operate against or act in opposition. Militia, me-lish'-d, 8 . {I>at.) A body of soldiers in a state enrolled for discipline, but not engaged in actual service except in emergencies.—3f»iitia-man is one who belongs to the militia. Milium, tnil’-e-um, s. (Lat.) Millet-grass, of the order Graminacece. , , Milk, milk, s. A white fluid or liquor, secreted by cer- tain glands In female animals, and drawn from the breasts for the nourishment of their young; the white juice of certain plants ; emulsion made by bruising seeds.—The word Milk forms a prefix to nu¬ merous words; as, Miik-can, a large tin vessel brought by railway from farmers to the dairies of London; also the name of smaller tin vessels can'ied round daily for supplyWtg families with milk.— Milk-fever, a. feyet which sometimes accompanies the first sec^tion of milk in females after chUdhirth.—Milk-maid, a wo¬ man who milks, or is employed in the dair)’.—3ft7^ man, a man who sells milk.—jI/t7A-pai/, a pail wMch receives the milk drawn from cows.— MUk-pan, a pan in which milk is set.— Milk-porridge, a species of food composed of milk and water, boiled with meal or ^our.-Milk-putu'h, a luscious liqueur.—3ft7i-8cortf, an account of milk sold.— Milk-teeth, the fore-teeth of a foal; also of children, which are shed in childhood.— Milk-tree, a tree yielding a milky juice.— a plant said to be a cytisus. — Milk-vetch, a plant of the genus astragalus. — Milk-walk, the district serv’ed by a milk-man or milk-maid.— MUk-iveed,an herb abound¬ ing in a milky juice, and having its seeds attached to a long, silky uown.— Milk-wort, a plant of the genera polygala, euphorbia, &c. Milk, v.a. To draw or press milk from the breasts by the hand ; t to suck. Milken^: milk'n, a. Consisting of milk. Milker, milk'-er, s. One who milks. Milkily, mt7;t'-e-?e, ad. After the manner of milk. Milkiness, milk'-e-nes, s. Qualities like those of milk. Milking, milk'-ing, s. Tlie act of drawing milk froip the breasts of an animal by the hand. Milk-livered, wtZfc'-liv-trd, a. Timorous; cowardly. Milk-sop, milk'-sop, s. A piece of bread sopped in milk , a soft, effeminate, feeble-minded man. Milk-thistle, milJc-this'tl, s. An esculent plant of the thistle kind. Milky, milk'-e. a. Made of or resembling milk ; yield¬ ing milk ; mild; gentle; timorous.— Milky-u ay, in as¬ tronomy, is the galaxy of the skies; a broad, lumi¬ nous path or circle in Ihe heavens. Mill, mil, 8. A complicated engine or machine for grinding and reducing to fine particles grain, fruit, or other substance.—In the United States of America, a money of account, valued at the tenth part of a franc, and the thousandth part of a dollar. — v.a. To grind ; to comminute.—In coining, to make a raised impression round the edges of a piece of money.—To full, as cloth_In cant language, Xo beat severely with the fists.— To mill chocolate, is to froth iX.~Mill-cog, the tooth of a water-mill —3fi71-d«m, a dam or mound to obstruct a watercourse.—3ft7/-/ior8p, a horse that turns a mill.— Mill-pond, a pond or reser¬ voir of water raised for driving a^ mill-'wheel.— Mill- race, the current of water that drives a mill-wheel.— Mill-tooth, a grinder ; a molar. Milled, mill'd, pp. or a. Passed through a mill; sub¬ jected to the operation of milling, as a coin ; fulled; beaten with the fists. Millenarian, mil-le-na'-re-an,a. Consisting of a thou¬ sand years. — 8. One who believes in Christ’s personal reign on the earth for a thousand years. Millenarianism, mil-le-na'-re-an-izm, s. Doctrine of millenarians. Millenary, wt7'-Z«-nIi 8 D 0 UBTFUL,J mis-dowt'-fuly a. Misgiving, MisDREAn,$ viis-dred', s. Dread of evil. Miseducated, Improperly educated. MisE-EN-srENE,mfi#*s-awgi.sane',s. (Fr.) A placing on or getting up for the stage, more especially applied to pantomimes. Misemploy, mia-em-ploy' v.a. To employ to no purpose. Misemploted, mis-em-pioyd'y pp. or a. Used to no purpose. Misemployment, mis-em-ploy^^ment. s. lU emnlov- Tnp>nt. i' / jinxerea wrongly aMisentered, mia-en'-terdy pp. or a. as an account. Misentry^ mis-en'-tre, s. A wrong entry, or charge. Miser, s. An extremely covetous person; i sordid wretCh; a niggard; a mean fellow; an instru ment for earth-boring. Miserabie, vniz'-er-d-bl, a. Very unhappy ; very poo' or mean •. very low or despicable ; abject; forlorn. — 8. A name in the chocolate manufactories of th< Italian ports for the husk of the cocoa-bean. Miserableness, miz'-er-A-bl-nea, s. State of misery. Miserably, ad. Unhappily; very Doorli or nu-anly; wretchedly. ee r > r oi.j Miserly , mi'-zer-le, a. Very eoYetous ; avaricious. Misery , miz'-er-e., s. Unhappiness; extreme pain wretchedness ; distress ; misfortune. Misestimate, mia-es'-te-matey v.a. To estimate errone ously. Misexplication, mis-eks-pU-ka'-shun, s. Tyrone exnla- nation. ^ ^'^ousiy*"^'*°’ ■''■‘t- To expound errone- Misexpression, miB-eks-presh'~ii7i, 8. Erroneous ex¬ pression. MiiEii.L, 7nis-/au>r, v.a. To befall, as ill luck. Mishallen, mts-fnwl’n, pp. Happened unluckily. Miseare,! 8. Ill fare ; misfortune. —t v.n. To be in an ill state. A.AA.'. a..-AA.VA.Y, v.a. J.O lorm wrong. Misfeasance, mis-fr'-zanse, s. (Fr.) In laic, a trespas MisrEioN,+ mia-fane'. v.n. To feign with ill design. Misform. mis-fauirm' v.a. To pul in an ill shape! '■a-jawrm~a'~mu'^ " -" mia-. s. Irregularity Misformation, formation. Mi8FoRTrNATE,t mia-faxort’-yun-atey a. Producing mL fortune Misfortune, mia - faiorf - yxin , s. Ill luck; mishar mischance. * MispORxuNEDjf mia - faiorf - yund , a. Unfortunate. Mi3QrvB,mfs-jr»V, v.a. To flU with doubt; to deprh of confidence; ^ to give or grant amiss. Misgtting. mxs gxv'-ing, s. A failing of confidence. Misgottbn, mia-goftn, a. Unjustly cbtaineci. Misgovern, mia-guv'-ern, v.a. To govern ill. Misgovernance, mia-guv-ern-anaey a.' lU government: irreg'uianty. Misgoverned, mia^guiZ-erndy pp. or a. Ill governed badly administered ; rude ; unrestrained. Misgovernment, mis-guv'-ern-ment, a. Ill administra tion of public affairs ; irregularity ; disorder. !Misgraft, mis~grUft', v.a. To graft amiss. Misground, mis-protond', v.a. To found erroneously. Misguidance, mta-ghi'-danae, s. Wrong direction. Misguide, mis-ghide', v.a. To lead or guide into error. Misguided, mia-ghi'-ded, pp. or a. Led astray. Misguiding, 8. Act of misleading. Misguidingly, mis-ghi'-ding-ley ad. In a way to mis¬ lead. Mishap, mia-hap'. s. Ill chance ; misfortune. Mishappen, mis-hap^ptiy v.n. To happen iU. Mishear, mis-heer', v.a. To mistake in hearing. Misheard, mis-herd', pp. Heard imperfectly. Mishmash, niisk'-mash. s. A mingle or hotch-potch. Mishna, mish'~nA, a. (Hcb.) A digest of Jewish tra¬ ditions. Misimprove, mis-im-proov', v.a. To abuse. Misimprovement, xnis-hn-proov'-mefd, s. Ill use or em¬ ployment. Mibinfer, mia-in-fer', v.a. To draw a wrong inference. Misinform, mis-m-fawrm'y v.a. To give erroneous iu- formation. —$ v.n. To make false information. Misinformation, mis~in-/awrm-a'-shun, a. Wrong in¬ formation ; false account or intelligence received. ISIisiNFORMED, mis-in-/awrmd', pp. Wrongly informed. Misinformer, mia-iti-faiorm'-er, s. One who gives wrong information. Misinstruct, mis-vi-strukt', v.a. To instruct amiss. Misinstruction, mi$-in-struk'-a?mn, a. Wrong in¬ struction. Misintblligence, mis~in-tel'4e-jenae, s. Wrong infor¬ mation. Misinterpret, mia-in-ier'-pret, v.a. To interpret erro¬ neously. Misinterpretation, mis-m-ter-pre-ta'-shuny a. The act • of misinterpreting. Misinterpreted, mia-in-ter'-pre-ted, pp. or a. Errcme- ously understood. Misinterpreter, mia-in-ter^-pre-ter, a. One who inter¬ prets erroneously. Misjoin, iiiia-joyn', v.a. To join unfitly or improperty. Misjoinder, mis-joyii'-der, a. In law, the joining of several distinct demands in a declaration. Misjudge, mis-judf, v.a. To judge erroneously. — v.n. To eiT in judgment. Misjudged, mis-judjd', pp. or a. Judged erroneously. Misjudqment, mia-jucy'-menty a. A wrong determina¬ tion. Miskindle, mis~kin'dl, v.a. To kLindle amiss. Mislaid, mis-layd', pp. Laid in a wi-ong place ; lost Mislay, mis-lay', v.a. To lay in a WTong place ; to lose. Mislater, mis-lay'-er, a. One who loses. Misle, rniz'zl, v.n. To rain in very tine drops. Mislead, mis-leed', v.a.; pret. and pp. Misled. To lead astray; to deceive. Misleader, mis-leed'~er, 9 . One who leads into error. Misleading, mis-leed'-ing, a. A misguiding. MisLEARNEDjt mis-lem'-ed, or mis-lernd', a. Not really or properly learned. Misled, mis-led’, pp. of Mislead. Led into error. Misletoe, wis'l-ilo. 8. See Mistletoe. Mislike, mis-likefy v.a. or v.n. To dislike; to dhrm- prove. * — 8. Dislike; disapprobation. Misliker, mia-li’-ker, a. One who dislikes. Mi8live,4: mis-lix/, v.n. To live amiss. Misluck, 8 . Ill luck ; misfortune. Misly, miz'-le, a. Raining in very small drops. Mismanage, mis-mnn'-qje, v.a. To manage iU. — v.n. To behave iU. Mismanagement, mis-maji'-(ye-menty a. ImDroncr management. y Mismanager^ mis-man'-A-jer, s. One who manages ill, Mismark, mts-mark'y v.a. To mark erroneously. Mismatch, mis-match', v.a. To match unsuitably. Mismeasure, mia-mezh'-uty v.n. To measure incor* reetJy. Misname, mis-^name', v.a. To caU by the wrong namsi Misnomer, m\s-nf/-mfr, s. In iawj, a misnamirg MISOBEDIENOE t 619 ] MISTHIITK Mi 80 BBDiENCS,t -defense, 8. Erroneous obe¬ dience ♦ . - Misobsebtb, mis-oh-zerrf f v.a. To observe inaccurately. Misogamist, me-sog"-d-mist, s. A hater of marriage. Mi8oi, mod'-er-d-tizm,^. The views and prac¬ tices >r those called moderatee ; moderate opinions in religi in or politics. . Modbrato. mod-er-'d'-to, (Ital.) In tnustc, a gentle movement. , Moderator, mod-er-a'-tur,^. The person who presides over a meeting to preserve order; one who superin¬ tends the University exercises and disputations; the name of the President of the Annual Assembly of the Church of Scotland. ™ « <• Moderatorship, mod-er-a'-tur-ihxp)S> The omce Oi a moderator. . , Moderatrix, mod'-er-d-trik$,9. A woman who mode- rate> . .. Modern . mod'-ern, a. Pertaining to the present time, recent or new ; common. - 8. A person of modern times.—il/odem« are recent nationalities as opposed to the nneieut. Modernism, mod'-ertt-izm,&. Modern practice; some¬ thing recently formed. . Modernist, mod'-em-iet,&. One who admires the moderns. ^ * i. • Modern iTY,+ mo-der'-ne-tey 8. The state of being modern. <. j Modernization, mod-em-e-za'-shun, s. Act Of adai>ting to modern taste. Modern izE, med'-ern-tze, v.a. To render modem. Modernized, mod'-ern-ize'd, pp. or a. Hendered modem. Modernizer, mod'-ern-x-zery 8. He who renders modem. MoDERNLY.t «»od'-ern-/e, ad. In modem times. Modernness, mod'-ern-nm, s. Recentness ; novelty. Modest, mod'-est, a. Restrained by a sense of pro¬ priety ; reserved ; unobtrusive; QiflB.dent; not pre¬ sumptuous ; not loose, or lew’d. Modestly, mod’-est-ley ad. Not arrogantly or wan- toniv. , Modesty, mod'-es-te, s. That lowly temper which ac¬ companies a moderate estimate of one's own worth and importance; moderation ; purity of manners Modesty-piece, narrow lace worn by lemales over the bosom. MoDiATioNjt mo-d«-a'-sAMn, 8. A measure. MoDiciTT,t mo-dW-e-te, s,. Moderateness; littleness. Modicdm, mod'-e-kum, s. (Lat.) A small quantity. Modifiable, mod-e-fi-d-hX, a. That may be modified. MoDiFicATE, rtiod'-e-fe-kate, v.a. To qualify. Modification, mod-e-fe-ka'-shun, s. 'The act of modif^- MuDiFiCArivE, mod'-e-fe-kd-tiVf a. That which modi- fies. , . - Modified, mod'-e-JidCj pp. or a. Changed in form varied. Modifier, xnod'-e-fi-evy s. He or that which modifies. Modify, mod'-e-Ji, v.a. To change the form or external qualities of a thing ; to vary. — v.n To extenuate. Modillios, mo-diV-yun, s. (Ital.) In architecturey a bracket under the corona of Grecian columns. Modiolar, mo'-de-o-lar, a. Shaped like a bushel mea¬ sure. Modish, mo'-disA, a. According to the mode; fashion¬ able. Modishlt, mo'-rfisA-ftf, ad. Fashionably. Modishness, nio'-dxsh-nesy s. The state of being fashion¬ able. Modist, mo'-dist, s. A follower of fashion. Modclate, mod'-u-late, v.a. To vary or inflect sound in a musical manner. Modulated, mod'-M-ia-fed, pp. or a. Formed to a cer¬ tain key. . , . Modulation, mod-n-la’-shun, 8. A rising or falling of the voice in reading or speaking; melody. Moor LATOR, mod'-u-^a-tur, 8. He or that which modu¬ lates Module, mod'-ule, s. (Pr.) A model or representation. —In architecture, a certain measure or size for regu¬ lating the proportion of ci>lumiis, &c. —t v.a- To shape; to modulate. Modus, mo'-dxis, s. (Lat.) A compensation in lieu of tithes. Moe, mo, s. A distorted mouth. — v.n. To make distorted mouths. :J;a. orad. Mono Moelline, mo'-el-line, s. An ointment for the hair. Moellon, mo'-el-lon, s. Rough stones fit for build- ing. MfEso-GOTHic, me-so-goth'-xk, a. Belonging to the Mueso-Ootlis. Moff, mo/, s. A silk stuff from Caucasia. Mogul, fiio-gul', s. Formerly the title of a prince or emperor of the Moguls, who ruled over Hindustan, but whose power is now extinct. Mohair, mu'-hare, s. The hair of a kind of goat in TurkeyMohair-shell, in conchology, a peculiar species of valuta, whose surface resembles mohair. Moha.mmedan, mo-haiu'-me-dan, s. A follower of Mo¬ hammed, the founder of the religion of Arabia and Persia, as contained in the Koran. — a. Pertaining to Mahomet, or Mohammed. Mohammedism, mo-ham'-me-aizm, 8. 'Lhe religion of Mohammed. Mohawk, mo'-hawk, \ s. An appellation given to certain .Mohock, mo'-huk, j ruffians who once infested the streets of London. .Mohr, more, s. In zoology, a species of antelope in¬ habiting Africa. Mohsitk, in\>'-site, 8. Crystallized titanite of iron. Mohur, mo'-hur, 8. A British Ttidian gold coin. .Moider.J moy'-dcr, v.a. To puzzle, to perplex. Moii'Ore, moi-dore'y 8. A gold coin of Portug.al, valued at £1 7s. Moiety, moy'-e-te, s. One of two equal parts. 1 Moil,+ moyl, v.a. To daub ; to make dirty. i — v.n. To labour ; to toil. I —t 8 A spot. , Moineau, moy'-noy s. In fortification, a small nak bastion. , , . Moire, mo'awr, 8. Watered or clouded silk.—jlimre- aritique, a species of figured silk, of which waictooatu* &c., are made. Moist, moust, a. Moderately wet; damp. — t v.a. To make damp. Moisten, wiois'n, v.a. 'To make damp. Moistenbr, moi^fn-ery s. That which moistens. ' MoisTPUL, moyst'-ful, a. Full of moisture. ^ Moistwbss, moysf-nes, 8. Dampness; humiditT* MOISTUEE [ 622 ] MONTTEESS MoisTtJEB, moisf-yur, s. A moderate degree of wetness. Moistureless, moyBt'-yur-les, a. Destitute of moisture. Moist'? moy^-te, a. Drizzling. Molar, mo'-lar, a. Having power to grind; grinding. — s A grinding tooth or grinder. Molasse, mo-ld^f 8. A soft, tertiary sandstone. Molasses, mo-la^-ses, s. The syrup which drains from IMuscovado sugar when cooling ; treacle. Mole, mole, s. A small protuberance on the human body.—(Lat.) a mound of large stones laid in the sea beiore a port for protection; also, the port or haven thus formed.—(Dan.) a species of talpa, which bur¬ rows beneath the ground.—a little hillock tliTOwn up by Mole-track, the course of a mole under ground. Mole-cricket, mole-krik'-et, s. An insect of the cricket family, which burrows underground. Molecular, rno-lek'-u-lnr, a. Consisting of molecules. Molecularitt, mo-lek-ti-lar'-e-ze, s. Condition of mole¬ cules. Molecule, mol'-e-ktde, 8. fFr.) A name given to the minute particles of which bodies are supposed to be composed. Mole-eyed, mole'-ide, a. Having very small eyes. Molendinaceous, 7no-len-di7i-a'-ske-H8, a. Resembling the sails of a windmill.—In botany, applied to seeds which have many wings. AIole-skin, .mo/e'-mn, s. A substitute for low woollen cloths ; a strong twilled fustian. Molest, v.a. To render uneasy : to trouble. Molestation, mol-es-ta'-8htt7i, s. Disturbance ; annoy- ! ance. Molester, mo-lest'-er, s. One who disturbs. Molestful, i7w-lest'-ful, a. Troublesome. Mollient, mol'-le-e7it,a.. Softening; as.IoLLusK, 77iol'-lusk, 8. One of the Mollusca. ^loLocH, 7no'-lok, 8. In Scripture, the deity of the Am¬ monites. Molten,J 7noWt7%, pp. of the verb to melt. ■ - a. Melted; made of melted metal. Molybdate, mo-lib'-date, s. A compound of molybdic acid. Molybdena, mo-lib-de'-7i&, s. An ore of a dark lead colour, and consisting of sulphur and molybdenum. Molybdenite, mo-lib'-ae-nite, s. Sulphuret of molyb- dona. Molybdenous, mo-lih-d^-7ius, a. Pertaining to molyb¬ dena. Molybdenum, mo-lih-d^-num, s. A white brittle metal, very infusible. Molybdic, 7no-lib'-dik, a. Pertaining to molybdena.— Molybdic acid is an acid obtained irom molvbdate of lead. Mome, fnome, s. A dull person ; a post. Moment, mo'-mc7it, s. The most minute part of time ; iiLStant ; twinkling; importance. Momental4^ 7no-7ne7i'-tal, a. Important. Momentall^, tno-77ien'-tal-le,aA. For a moment. Momentaneous, 7iw-me/i-ta'-ne us, 1 a. Done in a mo- Momentary, mo'-77ien-td-re, } ment; continuing only a moment; lasting a very short time. Momentarily, 1 a. For a moment; in Momently, j a moment; every moment. Momentous, mo-meti'-tus, a. Important; weighty. M 0 .MENTOU 8 LT, t7io-77ien'-tus-le, ad. Weightily. Momentousness, mo-7ne7t'‘tus-7i€$, s. Great import¬ ance. Momentum, mo-me7i'-tum, s.; pi. Momenta. Impetus ; fulness 01 motion. Monachal, 7non'-di-kal, a. Pertaining to monks; monastic. Monachism, moTi'-d-kizm, s. State of monks; amonastic life. Monad, mon'-ad, 8. An ultimate atom. Monadelphta. tnon-A-del' /e-H, s.pl. In the Linnsean system of botany, a class of plants whose stamens are united in one body. Monadelphian, 77107%‘d-deV-fe-an, a. Having stamens in one body. Monadic, wo-nrtci'-iA:, la. Having the nature of a Monadical, mo-nad'-e-kal, / monad. Monandria, mo-nan'-dre-h, s.pl. In botany, a class of plants having one stamen only. Monandrian, mo-nayi'-dre-an, a. Having one stamen only. Monarch, mo7x*-drk, s. The ruler of h, nation; a sovereign; a king, queen, or emperor. Monarchal, mo-nar-kal, a. Pertaining to a monarch ; sovereign. Monarchess, mon'-ark-es, s. A female monarch. Monarchic, wo-nar'-MVc, ■ la. Vested in a single Monarchical, nio-7idr'-ke-kal, j ruler; pertainiug to monarchy. Monarchism, mo7i'-a7'-kizm, s. The principles of monarchy. Monarchist, mon'-ar-kist, s. An advocate of monarchy. Monarciiize, mon'-ark-ize, v.n. To play the king. — v.a. To govern. Monarchy, mon'-ark-e, s. A state or government in which the supreme power is lodged in a single person ; a kingdom; an empire. Monasterial, 77io7x-as-ie'-re-al, a. Pertaining to a monastery. Monastery, m07x' as-te-ri, s. A house of religious re¬ tirement ; a cloister or abbey. Monastic, 7no-na^-tik, 1 a. Pertaining to monas- Monastical, mo-nas'-te-kal, ] teries, monks, and nuns. Monastic, 7no-nas'-tik, s. A monk. Monastic ally, mo-nas'-te-kal-le, ad. Reclusely. Monasticism, mo-nas'-te-sizm, s. Monastic life. Monasticon, mo-nas'-te-kon, s. A book on monasteries. Monday, 7nun'-de, s. The second day of the week. Monetary, mun'-e-id-re, a. Relating to money. Money, mun'-e, s. ; pi. Moneys. Any piece of metal, usually gold, silver, or copper, stamped by public authority, and used as the medium of commerce; bank-notes or bills of credit issued by authority, wealth ; affluence.—a bag. or puree for holding money .-Money-box, a box or till to hold money.— Mo-ney-broker, a broker who deals in money. —Money-7narket, a general tenn for the monetai*y transactions at the Stock Exchange, Lank of Eng¬ land, or other great financial establishments.— order, a convenient form of transmitting small sums of money through the medium of the Post-office.— Mo7iey-scrive7ier, a person who raises money for others. Moneyed, mtm'-id, a. Rich in money. Moneyer,*!- r7ixm'-e-er, s. A banker ; one who deals in money; a workman employed in the Mint. Moneyless, mun'-e-les, a. Destitute of money; pen¬ niless. Money-spinner, mtm'-e-spm'-ner, s. A small spider. Money’s-worth, 7nun'-ez-wu7’th, s. Something that will bring money; full value. Moneywort, 7n7m'-e-wurt, s. An evergreen trailing plant, of the genus Nummnla7’ia. Monger, mu7i^-ger, s. A trader; a dealer; generally used in composition, as iroinnoiiger, cheese77i07iger, &c.. Mongol, 7non^-gol, s. A native of Mongolia, iu Eastern Asia. Mongrel, 7nu7i^-grd, a. Of a mixed breed. — s. An animal of a mixed breed. Moniliform, 77io-7iiV-e-Saiorm, a. Like a necklace. MoNiMENT,t 771077,'-e-77ient, 8. A mark; an imago ; an inscription. MoNiSH,t 77xon'-ish^ v.a. To admonish. Monisher,$ mo7x'-xsh-cT, s. An admonisher. MoNisHMENTjt 77X07%'-isli-77xent, s. AdmonitioD. Monition, 77io-7x%sh' -mix, s. Warning. Monitive, mo7%'-e-tiv, a. Admonitory. Monitor, nxoxi'-e-tur, s. One who warns of faults, or informs of duty.—In schools, a pupil selected to in¬ struct the younger scholars.—In zoology, a genus of lizards. Monitorial, mon-e..to'-re-al, a. Relating to or per¬ formed by a monitor. Monitoriallt, mo7x-e-to'-re-al-le, ad. In the manner of a monitor. Monitory, a. Giving admonition: wam- — 8. Admonition ; warning. Monitress, mo7i' e-tres, t A female monitor. MONK [ 623 ] .Mu.\k., munk, s. A man -who derotea gion-MoA’s-head, Monk’t-hood,a.nd Monk i-rhubarb, are the names of well-known herbaceous plants. Monkeri , munk'-er-e, s. The life of monks. , Mon RET, mnnk'-e, a. The popular name of a jenus of animala enibracliig the ape and . \naine of contempt or of slight kiudnesa; a iey-()ioci,a smaU sinale block strapped with a swivel. -—Monkey-boat, a small, broad-built boat employed in the docks.—Mon^ep-fo'cad, the name el the large fruit of the Adamsoina digitata, the pulp and leavta of which constitute articles of food by hauvca of Africa.— Monkey-Jacket, a tliick pea-jacket, or short spencer.—.’lft«iJ:ei/-Mir«)icA, in mechanics, a spanner ^I 0 NKETl^?>mm/^-^™i’am, s. Apishnesa ; the character¬ istics of a monkey, in semblance or manners. TioN KHooD, rnunk'-flud, s. The character of a monk. Monkish, a. Like a monk; monastic. Monk's-hood, .mmit,?’-iiiid,s. A wild plant, theAcomtum Napellus, cu Wolf 's-lnme, the roots of which yield a vu-ulent narcotic poison. „ Monk’s-seam, munks'-seem, 8. In nautical matters, a seam made by laying the selvages of sails one over Monocardian, mon-o-k'dr'-de-an, a. Having a single Mon^'rpon, mon-o-kdr'-pon, s. An annual pl^hjo which, though it lives for many years, perishes soon as it has borne fruit. _ Monocarpods, mon-o-kar'-pus, a. Bearing fmit hut Monocekos, mo-nosf-e-ros, s. The miicom. cntanu Monoohla.mtdeoes, mon-o-kla-mtd-e-us, a. In botany, a musical instrumeut of HIoNocHHuMB, mo?i'-o-krome, s. A painting with, a Monochrumatic, mon-o-kro-mat'~ik, a. Consisting of MoSoctE?tno»'-o-iti, 8. CFr.) A reading-glass for one Monoclin ATE, 7}io-nok'-le-nate, a. In mineralogi/ ^ a term applied to crystals in which one of the axes is ob- a. In botany, heima Mtoocotyledon, mon-o-kot-e-W-don, s. In botany, plant with only one seed-lobe; whence monocoty MoKocrAcV, mo-nok'-rd-se, s. Government hy a single Mono?rat. mon'-o-krat, s. One who governs alone. Monocular, »nO'no/%'-n-/«r, 1 Having one eye only Monoculous, tno-7ioA:''ii-m5, i _ Moxocule, 7non'~o~kule, s. An insect with one eye. Monodactylous, mon-o-dak'-te-lus, a. Having one fin- MoNobELFHON, nion-o-de/'-/o7i, s. A plant, with stamens and ftlaments combined in a single mass._ . SloNODisT, mon'-o-dist, s. One who writes monodies. ''rgenurXc^^at'i^torSve^Ts’ naSfe from dramatic performance bv a sinme person. , Monodramatic, moii-o-drd-inat-iky a. Pertainmg to a 8. A mo-urnful poem, sung by one Moncecia, mo-?tf'-she-A, s.pl. In a class of w.h()se stamens and pistib are m distinct flowers, wiience moncccions. , * , . >_ Monooamia, moji-o-ga'-me-dyS-Xil. In bota7iy,Q.n order of plants having a simple flower; whence monoga- Monooamist, mo-nog'-d-mist, s. One who disallows second marriages. , _ , Monoga-mous, 7no-7wg'-d“ftiu8f a. Having one wife Monoqami, mo-nog'-d-tne, s. The marriage of one wife MoNcmRAM, mon'-o-gram, 8. A character or cypher composed of one or more letters interwoven. Monograph, 7no7i*-o-graf, s. A description of a single class of things; whence monographical and mono- graphiccllg Monographer, ino - nog ^- rd-fery \ s. ,, . -- . . . I I axes euuui. In atgebra, a quantity One who writes o Monooraphist, "V nng'-rii-fisty] monograph, or a oc- scription of a siiC'.F class of things. Monoorapht, 7110 *U’g'-i'a-fe, s. A written account c some single subject or chiss of things. _ Monogyn, tnon’-o-jiii, s. A plant With one stigma ana one pistil in u flower. . Monooynia, 7 )t 07 i- 0 ‘iin'-e-a, s.pl. In bota7iy, an order oi plants having oul\ one style ; whence monogyma7i. Monolith, tno 7 i'-o-lithy s. A column or obelisk consist- MoNOLiTHmr«>on-o-°i(h'-il;, a. Consisting of a single Monomoist, mo-nol'-o-jist, s. One who Monologue, 77ion'-o-log, s. A soliloquy ; a composition for a single performer. . . , Monomachy, 7no-7i07n'-d-ke, s. A single Monomania, mo7i-o-ma'-ne-Ay s. i.>eraugement with lo- gard to a particular subject. . ^ Monomaniac, 77 ion-o- 7 }ia'-7ie-ak, a. Affected with mono mania. — s. A person affected by monomama. Monometer, s. A rhythmical senes oi a single metre. . , . Monometric, 7no7i-o-7net'-rik,a. In 7m7iercilogy, titQim applied to crystals with the axes equal. Monomial, 7no-7io'-7ne-al, s. In alge*'^'* expressed by one term only. Monopathy, mo-iiop'-d-the, s. Solitary suffcrin ,3 or Monopetalous, mo 7 i-o-pet'-d-luSy a. In bottiny, ha>'ing Monophthong, mon'-of-thong, s. A letter having a Monophthonoal, jno7i-o/-t/i®ni7^-ai, a. Having only one sound. . ^ . .. I Monophtllous, 7no7i-o-Jil'~liiSy a. Having one Kai. Monopolist, mo-nop'-o-list, Is. One w'ho engrosses Monopolizer, mo- 7 iop'-o-li-ze.r, j a commodit y , by pur¬ chasing the entire article, so as to enhance the price. Monopolize, tno-7iop'-o-lize, v.a. To purchase or obtain posses-sion of the whole of any commodity or goods in mssket—Figuratively, to engross the general coiiver- Monofolt, 7no-7iop'-o-le, s. The soJe power of \ ending any species of goods. Monoptot, mo-iiop'~tot, s. A noun having one case. Monorhyme, »non'-o-rt>ne, s_. A metrical composition in which all the lines end with the same rhyme. Monosbpalous, 7 non-o-sep'-d-lus, a. Having one sepal. Monospermous, i7io}i-o-sper'-mu8, a. Having one seed. Monospuerical, mo7i-o-sfei‘'-e-kal, a. Consisting of one Monostich, mon'-o-siik, s. A composition of one Monostrophic, 7 non-o-strof'-ik, a. Having one strophe Monosyllabic, mo 7 i-o-sil-lah'-ik, a. Consisting of one Monosyllable, nion-o-sil'-ld-bl, s. A word of one Monothalamous, 7no7i~o-thal'-d-77iuSt a. One-cham- bered; applied to cephalopods. . „. Monotheism, 7 no 7 i'-o-tne~iztn, s. Belief in the exiSi/Cnce Monotheist, moTi'-o-the-ist, s. One who believes in one Monotheistic, tiion-o-ihe-is'-tik, a. Pertaining to monotheism. , . » . Monotomous^ mo-7iot'-o-77iiis, a. In 7M7icralogy, haviUc* cleavage distinct. . . a , „ Monotone, mo7i'-o-(onfi, s. A succession of sounds on MoNOTONic^7»o»-o-io7i'-*/:, a. Pertaining to the mono- Monotonous, mo-7iol'~o-7ius, a. Continued with dMi Monotonously, rno-not'-o-yms-le, ad. "W' ilhone uniform Mon^otony, mo-7iof-o-7ie, s. A frequent recurrence of the same modifications of tone or sound, producing a dull uniformity.—an ii’ksoiue sameness or want of variety. • ■>„ Monotrematous, 7non-o-trc77i'-d~tus, a. Having only one external opening for urine and other excre- men ts Monotriglyph, mon-o-ti'is'-lif, 8. An intercolumiua tioi»> in which only one triglyph and two melopir ar.' introduced. ■n MOirOTEOPACEJE [ 624 ] MOEAL UjsOTRoPACEJE, moti-o-tro-iia'-se-e, s pi. In botanu. a. “'■‘IcT of Exogeus (the llape ills), belonging to the Encal alliance of Lmdlev. to the Encal alliance of Lmdlev. Mon.iiel-r, moj-jeu', S. ^E^,) Sir ; Mr. Mo.vsuok. tiiiiu-sooH', 3. A periodical wind, p.fnmtf' s- Any unnatural production ; wicked or%fefous?' ^ unnaturaUy Mo.NSTttijicE, moH'-stranse, s. A transparent pyx, Which contains the consecrated host of the Koruaii Cailiolic service. a. Producing mon- wion-s(ro5'-e-ie, s. An unnaturaJ produc- Munstrocs num'-strus, a. Unnatural in form; very >\ondertul; enormous; extraordinary; hateful MoNsruocsi.T, mon’~struH-le,^il. HicUjously , horribly su-ous*^^^” 8. State of being mon- Montanic, mon-tan'-ik, a. Pertaining to mountains. ^ term in fencing; an upright piece on any fi-ame-work. MoNTEFiASco, mon-te-fe-as'-ko, s. The name of an Ita¬ lian WHIG. s- A custom among the scholars at Eton School of exacting money for tlie senior scholar. A?’A horseman’s cap. washed’ > ®' A Vessel in wliich glasses are Monteurs, mon'-trwrs, s.pl. A class of artisans who arrange artibcial flowers into wreaths and trinimino-s I period of time compre- hendiug one-twelfth of the year, and called the calendar month ,• also the period of the moon’s revolu- tion from any pmnt in the lieavtms round to the same point again, called a hinar tuunth. Mo.n’thling. nniuih'.Uny, s. The being of a mouth. oin/aA U, a. Continued a month, or ner- formed in a month.— Monthly mirse is an attendant on females during cliildbii'th. “8. A puhlication vvhich appears once a month. ~ ad. In every month. Monticle, nion'-te-kl, s. A little mount; a hillock. »■■ Produced on a moun- s. A yellowish lime- *S°eup o’r ^ miner’s name for a A saddle-horse ; litcr- ohy, tliat on which one is mounted. JimvoMENT, moii'-«-n,e,«,s. Anything by which the memory of a person or of an event is preserved or perpetuated ; a memorial ; a tonih ; a cenotaph. Monumentai., »io)i-«-men'-taZ, a. Servin'. a.s a mmio ment; belonging to a tomb. «■ monu menmriiU*''"’ ad. By way of Moo, wmo, v,n. To make the noise of a cow. *^«on' Tn‘V, ni. ’ humour, or disposi- ' ^he form of a syllogistic ai-gumeiit ■ ihe variation of a verb.’ Mooixly, moo'-de-le, ad. Sadly. MouxnNE^s, uioo'-de-nes, s. Anger ; peevishness Moodt , ,,wo--,U, a, A ngry; fretful; out of humour the’oS’ "'a mon!h“''i?’f/’‘'’ rhvolvos round figure resen, ray of . .. eivniLn.- lIUlJ-nW07l, lU JOfti figure resemhliiig a crcsceut.-J!fQou-i,c,„n hglit from the moon. s- A monster ; a mass of flcsliv Icillfiw “* ‘he uterus; a dolt; a stupid Mooxkt, moon'-et, s. K Utile moon. Moon-eveu, moon'-ide, a. Dim-eyed ; purblind. like'a'liaiPmoo,;-^ ’ ^ Mo.inisii. »>ooH'-ish, a. Like the moon ; variable. Moom.ess, 7110011 -/es, a. Nut favoured with nioonli^ht “Zon."”''’ The light afforded by^the — a. lUuminated by the moon. .Mooni.inc), moon'-ling, s. A simpleton. ^ P'“t of the Moonshine, moon'-sAtne, s. The light of the moon.— ±iguratively, a thing without substance or reality —A matter of moonshine, a trifle. Moonshint, muon-shi'-ne, a. Illuminated by the moon of feTchp^’ ^ nearly pellucid variety Moon-struck, moon'-struk.a. Affected by the influence of the moon. Moon-tbefoil, moon-tre'-foyly s. An evergreen shrub of southern Europe. MooN-vvmRT, moou'-wuri!, s. The herb honesty; aJsc, a lem of the genus botrychium. Moony, moon -e, a. Lunated , having a crescent to^extensive wastes, covered with heath, and sometimes marshy ; anativo of the northern coa.st of Africa. — v.a. To secure a ship. ~ v.n. To be confined by cables. Moorage, mooi''-aje, s. A place for mooring Moor-cock, viooj'-kok, ) s. Names of the red grouse or Moor-fowl, moor'-fonl, j gor-cock. ° Mookei), moord, pp. of the verb to moor. Moor-game, moor'-game, s. Keel game ; grouse. Moor-hen, maor'-hen, s. The galliiiule oT- water-hen. MOORING, moor -ing, s, In nautical matters, tiic anchOFS chains, and bridles laid atliwart the bottom of a river or harbour to confine a ship. Moorish, »noor'- 2 sA a. Marshy; fenny; watery. Moorland, moor'-land, s. A marsh or tract of Ioyv watery ground. ’ Moui^roNE, moor'-sto7ie, s. A species of granite, found in Conuvall and other parts of England^ Mooky , moo'-re, a. Marshy , fenny ; boggy ; watery. Moose, moos, s. find.) An animal of the genus cervns, the largest of the deer kind, the elk of Europe. Moot, moot, y.a. To debate , to discuss. v-n. To argue or plead on a supposed cause. ~ki'vva.i iron hooped wood, used in making Diocks. J/ooi-case, or Moot-pomt, is a disputable case or an unsettled (luestion.— I^Iottt-court, a meeting or court held for the purpose of disemssing points of law. —Mout-haU,x or Moot-house,X a town-hall, or hall of judgment.—Among sportsmen, to blow a moot is to cause a deer to fall. . ... .o Moutable, moot'-a-bl, a. Capable of being debated. Mooted, moot ed, pp. or a. Debated ; controverted. A disputer of a moated case; a maker of treenails or wooden bolts for fastening the planks of a ship. ® Mooting, moot'-mg, g. The exercise of disputing. s.pl. In laiv, the term ap^od to students wlio were formerly called upon to moot or argue cases before their being caUed in court. 4 collection of thrums or coarse yarns fastencd to a handle, and used for cleaning floors: a country fair for hiring servants. — v.a. To rub or wipe with a mop. Mope, mope, v.n. To be very stupid or gloomy, v.a. To make stupid or spiritless. 8. A stupid or low-spirited person. -... ..j,, opxijLUU mope-eyed, wope'-idf, a. Short-sighted ; purblind. Moping , mo -piug, ppr. or a. Affected with dulness. Mopish, mo’-pisk, a. Dull; spiritless ; stupid. Mopish LY, mo -pish-te, ad. In a mopish manner, pfdhy'*'^**’ s- Dejection ; dulness; st'i- Jtopslf: Zfi'Te!’] '•eloth.^*'”*’*’’’’ “ Mnpi S, mo'-pns. s. A mope ; a drone. moocette, mo-ket', s. .4 Bnissels carpet of a fine quality , a kind of fVilton carpet. ^ American wood, the iniff”. ."h'ch, the Mora exeelsa, frequently exceeds 100 feet in height , it is pceuhariy adapted for ships' suhSce”'* planks, and the bark is used as a tanning McRACEi:, mo-ra'-se-e, s.pl. A natural order of Exo"era beloiiging to the Urtical alliance of Bindley whhh the Morns, or Mulberry, is the type. ^ ' Which Moral, mor’-ai, a. Kelating to the practice manners i"™ ®ooial beings; subj’ect to the’ moral law; virtuous; j ust.— Moral taw, the law which “ social duties.—Mbcci phiio- ttons^’ ’’ ’‘'■‘“‘I treats of man’s social reia- MOEAL [ 625 ] MORTALLY ItlonAL, fl. The doctrine inculcated by a fiction ; the ac¬ commodation of a fable to fonn the morals; t morality, the doctrine or practice of the duties oi iue. —± v.n. To moralize. , , _ Moealist, 8. One who teaches and prac¬ tises the duties of life. j ^ Morality, mo-raV^e-te^ 8. The doctrme of moral duties ; ethics; virtue. „ , MoRALizArioN, mor-a/-e- 2 o'-sAtitt, 8. Moral reflections. Moralize, nxor'-al-ize., v.a. To explain in a moral sense ; to correct the morals of. . — V n To speak or v^Tite on moral subjects. MoRiLizEa, mor'-o'-.-zer, s. One who nioralizes. Moralizing, mor'-al-i-zing, s. The application of facts to a moral purpose. , .. , Morallt, mor’-al-le, ad. In a moral or ethical sense. Morals, mor'-aU, s.pi. The practice of the duties of life. . Morass, mo-ra^y 8. A fen ; a mai*Sft. Morasst, wio-ras'-sc, a. Marshy; fenny. ^ Moravian, mo-ra’-ve-an, s. One of a religious sect called the United Brethren. . Morbid, mawr^-bid^ a. Diseased; sicldy; in a spuitless state of body Morbidly, mawr'-^hid-le, ad. In a- Morbidness, mawr'-^id-neSy 8. A state of being dis- MoRBiFic, maivr-bi/*~ik, a. Causing disease. Morbillous, a. Measly. Mordose, inawr-bose'y a. Proceeding from disease, un MoRBOsiTV,»irtM^-6'is^"C"^^» 8- A diseased state. Morbclent, wmM;r'-6u-Zeni, a. ,hq Morbcs, ynaiot^-bu$,s. In pathologyy^ disease, or dis¬ ordered action of any part of the body. "yioRC^KV, tnawr-so'y 6. ^Fr.) A, bit; a morsel. Morcellement, mmvr'-sel-nienty s. division of land among tlve sons, on the death ot the Mordacioub, maior-da'~she-us, a. Biting ; given to bit¬ ing ; sarcastic. Mordaciously, mawr-da'-she-us-Uy ad. In a bitmg Mordacity, ?nrtwr-das'-e-fe, s. Tlie quality of biting. Mordant, maxvr'-danty s. A substance which has a chemical afflnity for colouring matter, and serves to fi x colours. . , .... ^ — a. Having the quality of fixing colours ; hitmg. Mordantly, mawr-dant-le, ad. In the manner of a Mordellid®, maior-deV-le-dej s.pl. A family of Hete- romerous Coleoptera. Mobdicancy, mator'-de-han-sey s. A biting quality, corrosiveness. Mordioant, maxvid-de-kanty a. ®dmg; acria. Mordication, maior-de~ka -shun, s. Act of biting , cor- More” more, a. Greater ih quality, degree, amount, or number , added to some former number; additional. — ad Tc a greater decree ; again.—iVo more, not con- liiiuing.—il/acA otore, in a greater degree.—ilforc and more, with continual increase. —•8 A greater quantity, amnunt, or number. Moreen . mo-reen', s. A stout woollen stuff. Morel, mor’-el, 8. The latticed mushroom; a kind of cherry. Moreland- See Moorland. _ . .. Moreover, more-o'-very ad. Beyond what has been said , besides. . , . Moresuce. Joo-resA:', a. Moorish; arabesque. . _ — s. A species of painting done after the Moorish Morgan ATic, matcr-ga-yiat'-ik, a. An epithet applied to irregular marriages between persons of unequal rank. Morg.ay, tnnwr'-gay s. A small species of shark. Morolay, rnawr' gla, s. A deadly weapon. Morgce, »»on/,s. (Fr.) A place in many French towns where the bodies of persons found dead are deposited. Moribi'nu, mor"-e-bxindy a. lu a state of djing. — s. A dying person. Morioeratf.,+» io-rv'-€r-(Tfe, v.n. To obey. Morioeration.J rno-rij-er-a'-sh'uny s. Obsequiousness; obedience. ^ v. MoaiGEROus,i wiD-rv'-«r-ws, a. Obedient; obsequious. Moril, mor^-il, s. An eatable fungus; a, mushroom. See Morel. _ . ^ ^ ifoBiLLiroRii, viO’ril'de-fawrfny a. Having the form of the moril. Morillos, mor’-il-lun, 8. An aquatic fowl, a species of duck, the Goldei.-eye; the name of a fine black grape, grown in France; a species of emerald. Morinoa, mo-rin'-g&, 8. A plant, a native of Egypt and the East Indies, of the natural order Mortngacem, and belonging to the Vlolal alliance of Llndley. Morion, mo'-re-uii, s. A kind of open helmet, witnottu visor or beaver. , ..... Morisco, mo-ris'-kOj a. Applied to carving and pamtmg. .Morisco, mo-ris'-ko, 1 s. A term applied to the Moorish Moaisa, mo'-risk, j language, and also to a dance, or a dancer of the morris or Moorish dance. Morisuce, mo-risk^, 8. An Algerine com worth Morkin , innwr^-kin, s. Among hunters, a beast that has died by sickness or mischance. , . , „ „ Morlino, inawr'-ling, 1 8. Wool plucked from a dead Mortling, mawrt'-fing,) sheep. Mormo, tnawr'-nio, s. A bugbear ; false terror. Mormon, mawr'-ynuiiy s. One of a sect in the United States ; a follower of one Joseph Smith, who claimea to work miracles; a generic name of the puffins. Morn, mawrn, 8. The first part of the day ; the morn¬ ing ; a word used chiefly in poetry. Morning, mawryi'-ingy s. The fli'St part of the day, beginning at twelve o’clock at night, and extending to twelve at noon. * ^ ^ — a. Pertaining to the first or early part of the day Mornina-gowny a gowm worn in the morning.—iuorn- ing-stavy the planet Venus, when it precedes the sun M^occo, mo-roft'-Zro, s. A fine kind of leather prepared from goat or sheep skin, and tanned with sumach. Morons, nxo-ron^, s. A deep crimson colour. Morose, mo-rose', a. Of a sour temper; suUen; austere; gloomy; ill-humoured. . Morosely, mo-rose^-h, ad. Sourly; with sullen aus- Mop.oseness, wio-rose'-nes, s. Sourness of temper ; sul¬ lenness. Morosity J: mo-»’os'-e-ic, 8. Moroseness. ^ Moroxitb, mo-roks'-ite^ s. One of the varieties of native phosphate of lime.. Moroxylic Acid, mo-roks-il-tk os'-ia, s. A vegetable acid obtained from a saline exudation from the Morns aZ6o!, or wliite mulberry. Morpheus, mawr^-fe-us, s. In mythology, the god. of dreams. ^ Morphew, mawr'-feiOy s. A scurf on the face. — v.a. To cover with scurf. , .j- . Morphina, mawr'-fe-nd,^^. A vegetable alkaloid ex- Morphia, «iai4'r'-/e-i4, > tracted from opium, of Morphine, mawr'-finy ) which it constitutes ifeie of the narcotic principles. .r, 1 * Morphological, mawr-fo-lgj'-e-kaly a. Belonging to morphology. , ^ - .. Morphology, mawr-foV-o-je, s. That department of botany which treats of the metamorphosis of organs. Morris 1 • ( s- A Moorish dance; a dance in MoLice, ) 1 imitation of the Moors, ususdlv performed with castanets, tambours, &c.; a kmd 01 Moeris-dance, wor'-ris-d^nse, s. A kind of dance, practised in imitation of the Moors.— one who dances a morris-dance. _ Morris-pike, nior'-ris-pike, s. A Moorish pike. Morrow, mor'-ro, s. The day next after tlie present.- Good-inorx'owy a term of salutation ; good-morning. Morse, maivrse, s. In zoology, the sea-horse or vYairds, a very pondorous animal. Morsel, niawr'-sel, s. A bite; a mouthful _; a sma.l piece of food; a piece; a meal; something to D8 eaten. Morsure, mnier'-surc, 8. The act of biting. Mort, 8. (Fr.j A tune sounded on the death of game ; a salmon in his third year. . . j j. Mortal, tnaujr'-£«/, a. Subject to death: destined to die • deadly ; destructive to life ; fatal; deadly m malice or purpose; belonging to man who is moital; extre*’ie. — 8. A being subject to death ; a human being. Mortality, niawr-tal'-e-te, 8. Subjection to death or the necessity of dying ; death ; actual death of great^ numbers of men or beasts; human nature, power of destruction. » Mortaljze, mawr'-tal-ize, v.a. To make morml. Mortally, mawr^-tal-le, ad Irrecoverably; in a manner tiiat must cause death. MORTAE t 620 ] MOTHY Mortak, ni>awr'-tarf A Tessel made of irou, stone, &c., in ■which substances are pounded with a pestle ; a short piece of ordnance with a large bore, used for throwiitg bombs; a mixture of lime and sand with water, used as a cement for uniting stones and bricks in walls. —Hydraulic mortar, or Roynayi cement, is a cement which acquires but little solidity in the air, but becomes extremely hard under water. Morter.J yyiaxor'-tery 8. A chamber-lamp or light. Mortoage^ mor'-gaje, s. The grant of an estate in fee as security for the payment of money; a pledge of goods or chattels as s'ecurity for a deht.—Mortgage^ deed, a deed given by way of mortgage. — v.a. To grant an estate in fee as security for money lent or contracted to be paid at a certain time ; to pledge. Mortgaged, mor'-gaje'd, pp. or a. Conveyed in fee as security for the payinent of money. UoRTGAGKE, tiior-gd-Jee', s. The person to whom an estate is mortgaged. .Mortgager, mor'-gd-jer, s. The person who grants an estate as security for a debt. MoRTirEROus,mGMr-^t/'-er-«s,a. Bringing or producing death ; deadly ; fatal; destructive. Mortification, mawr-te-fe-ka'-shnn, s. The death of one part of an animal body, while the rest is alive ; gangrene, of which there is the inllammatory,.liuniid, or acute, so called, when it is preceded by iimainuia- . tion, and also the dry, clironic, and sometimes idio¬ pathic, 80 termed when it is not preceded by any, or much intianimation.—In Scriptnre, the act of sub¬ duing the passions and appetites by penance or ab¬ stinence.—Humiliation or vexation. Mortified, mawr'-te-tidf., pp. ora. Affected by gan¬ grene or loss of viuiity ; humbled; subdued. Mortifikdness, tmiwr'-te-Jide-nes, 8. Humiliation; subjection of the passions. Mortifier, mater'-te-ji-er,s. He or that which mor- lihes. Mortify, inaivr'-te-fi, v.a. To destroy the organic texture and vital functions of some part of a living animal; to subdue or bring into subjection bodily appetite, or inordinate passions, by sell-denial, absti¬ nence, &c.; to humble; to reduce; to restrain; to affect with slight vexation. — v.n. To lose vitality, as flesh; to gangrene; to be subdued; to practise austerities from religious feel- ings. Mortifying, mawr'-te-fi-ing, Humiliating; tending to humble or abase. Mortifyinqly, mawT'-te-fi-ing-lCf ad. In a mortifying manner. Mortise, mawr'-tis, s. A cut or hollow place made in timber, to receive the tenon of another piece of timber. -- v.a. To cut or make a mortise in; to join timbers by a tenon and mortise. Mortised, tnaior'-tist, pp. of the verb to mortise. Mortlino, mawrf-liiig, s. "Wool from the fleece of a dead sheep ; pelt wool. Mortmain, mawrt'-mane, s. (Fr.) In laio, possession of lands or tenements in dead hands, or hands that can¬ not aUenate. MoRTPAY,t mawrt'-pay, s. Dead pay, payment not made. Mortres3,$ mawrV-rea, s. A dish of meat, of various kinds, beaten together. Mortuary, vtaKvr'-tu-d-re, s. A sort of ecclesiastical heriot; a burial-place. — a. Belonging to the burial of the dead. Moucs, mo'-rus, s. The mulberry. See Morace;*:.— Moms multicauLis is a sort of mulberry, whose leaves are much used for feeding silkw'orms. Mosaic, mo-za'-ik, s. An assemblage of little pieces of glass, marble, precious stones, Ac., of various colours, cut square and cemented on a ground of stucco.— Mosaic gold, a metallic composition of bisulphuret of tin, sometimes employed in ornamental Japan- work. Mosaic, wo-za'-iA:, ) a. Pertaining to Moses, or Mosaical, mo-za'-e-kal,] his laws. M.OSASAURUS, mos-d-saw'-rus, s. The name of an extinct Saurian reptile, related to the crocodile, whose remains are found in the Chalk formation. Moschatel, mo^-kd-tel, s. A small tuberous-rooted European plant, with pale-green dowel’s of a musky smell. Mosohidje, mo$'-ke-de, s pi. A family of Huminants, of the deer kind, of which the Moschus, or Musk-deer, ii the type. Moselle, mo-seV, s. A light French 'wine, one of the most acid of the wines imported. Moslem, moz'-lem. 8. A Mussulman ; an orthodox Mohammedan. MusLiNGS, yyio^-lings, s.pl. The name of the thin shreds of leather sJiaved off by the currier in dressing skins. Mosude, mosk, 8. A Mohammedan temple or place of religious worship. MosauiTo, mos-ke'-to, s. See Musquito. Moss, mos, s. In botayiy, a term applied to a natural order of small herbaceous plants, musci; a bog; a lace where peat is — Muss-basket, a fancy asket covered with moss. — 3£oss-laHd, land produced by the accumulation of aquatic plants, fonnmg peat¬ bogs of more or less consistency, as the water is drained off’ or retained in its poies. — 3£oss-rose, a choice variety of rose, much esteemed for its beauty aud fragrance. — v.a. To cover with moss by natural growth. Moss-clad, vios'-klad, a. Clad or covered with moss. Moss-grown, ?«.os'-proMe, a. Overgrown Yvith moss. Mossiness, mos'-se-nes, s. The state of being overgrown with moss. Moss-trooper, mos'-troojt-er, s.^^ A tenn applied to certain bandits that formerl^nfested the border country between England and Scotland. Mossy, mos'-se, a. Ov(;rgrown or abounding with moss. Most, moast, a.; supcrl. of More. Consisting of the greatest number ; consistiug of the greatest quantity ; greaio.'>t. — ad. Ill the greatest or highest degree. — s. The greatest number or part.— At the most, the utmost extent. Mostauiba. See Mustaiba. Mdstic, mos’-fik, s. A maulstick, or painter’* staflf or stick on which he rests his hand in painting Mostly, moast'-le, ad. For the gi’eatest part. Mos'rwHAT,4i ntoast'-wat, ad. For ihe mo.st part. Mote, mole, s. A small particle , anything proverbially small; a spot; a small imperfection in wool, which lias to be cleansed of burrs and motes by machinery.— In archcsology , a popular meeting, often used in composition, •ds/olkmoie. — $ for mought, might, or must. Motet, mo-tet\ s. (Fr.) A musical composition of a sacred character, consisting of from one to eight parts. Moth, moth, s. A small animal which breeds in yarn and garments, and often eats and destroys them.— Figuratively, that which gradually and silently eats, consumes, or wastes anything. Moth-eat, v.a. To eat or prey upon, as a moth eats a garment. Moth-eaten, moth'-ee-ten, pp. or a. Eaten by moth. Mothen ,t moth'yi, a. Full of moths. Mother, mutk'-er, s. A female parent; a woman who has borne a child ; a thick, slimy substance concreted in liquors.—Pear/ Is the hard, silvery, brilliant, internal layer of several kinds of shells, particularly oysters, which is often variegated with changing purple and azure colours.— Mother-water , a solution from which crystals have been obtained, and wliich still contains deliquescent salts and impurities. —Mother-wort, a bitter herb, used popularly in medicine. — a. Native; natural, vernacular; received from parents or ancestoi's. — v.n. To coLjTete, as the thick matter of liquors. — v.a. To adopt as a son or daughter. Motherhood, muth'-er-hud, s. The state of being a mother. Mothering, mnth'-er-ing, s. To go a mothering , is to visit parents on Mid- Lent Sunday; also termed mid- lenting. Mother-in-law, muth'-er-in-law, s. The mother of a husband or wife. Mother-land, muth'-er-land, s. The land of one’s mother or parents. Motherless, viuth'-er-ies, a. Destitute of a mother. Motheri»»> a. Pertaining to a mother, becoming a mother ; tender ; parental. — ad. In the maimer of a mother. Mother-wit, inuth/-er-wit, s. Native wit; common sense. • Mothert, muih'-er-e, a. Concreted; resembling cr partaking of the nature of mother. Mothy , moth'-e, a, Full of moths. MOTIFIO [ 627 ] MOURN Motific, mo~tif'-ik, a. Producing motion. Moi%)n, mo'-s/mn, s. Change of local position; the passing of a body from one place to another; animal life and action ; actions of a soldier in going through the manual exercise ; agitation ; the effect of impulse ; a proposition made in a deliberative assembly.—In law, Motioix in co^irt is an occasional application of the court, by the parties or their counsel, for the purpose of obtaining some rule or order of court which becomes necessary in the progress of a cause.—In mechanics, the (Quantity of motion is the product of the mass or moving body by the Yelocity.—Absolute^ motion is that which IS independent of any other motion or friction, or retai’ding power.— Angular motion is the motion of a body as referred to a centre about which it revolves. | ‘•^Accelerated motions are those which are continually increasing or diminishing in velocity, while equable motion continues uniform.— Natural motion is the result of two or more distinct forces from the effect of ] gravitation, or of centrifugal force.—Za-WA' of motion are those physical laws which have been ably de¬ monstrated by Sir Isaac Newton, as follows : —First, every body perseveres in its state of rest, or uniform motion in a straight line, until a change is effected by the agency of some external force. Second, any change effected in the quiescence or motion of a body, is in the direction of the force impressed, and is pro¬ portional to it in quantity, 'riiird, action and re¬ action are equal and in contrary directions. —v v.a. To propose. See. Move. v.n. To make a significant movement or gesture with the hand ; -fto make proposal; to offer plans. Motioned, mo'-shund, pp. of the verb to motion. MoTioNER,t mo'-shun-er, i s. A mover ; one who makes Motionist, ] amotion. Motionless, ino'-shun-les, a. 'Wanting motion; being at rest. Motive, mo'-tiv, a. Causing motion ; having pow'er to move, or tending to move.— 3£otive force is that force which tends to promote motion. — 8. That which incites to action, or determines the choice , incitement; inducement. Motivity, mo-tiv'-e-te, s. Tlie power of producing motion , the quality of being influenced by motives. Motley, mot'-le, a. Variegated in colour; consisting of different colours; dappled; diversified. Motley-minded, mot'-le-mine'-ded, a. Having diversi- fled-view's and feelings. 3>ioTMOT, mot'-mot, s. A beautiful South American bird, about the size of a jay. SIoTOR, mo'-tur, s. (Lat.) A mover. Motor Y, mo’-lur-e, a. Giving motion ; as, motory mus- Mottled, mot'ild, a. Marked with spots of different colours or shades of colour, as if stained ; maculated. Motto, niot'-to, s.; pi. Mottoes. (Ital.) A sentence or phrase prefixed to an essay or discourse.— Motto-kisses, a term applied to sw'eetnicats having mottoes, poetry, &c., rolled up in fancy papers, for the amusement of a party. Mough ,X moio, s. A moth. MouGHT,t mowt. Used for might; the pret. of the old verb moue, now converted into may. Mould, »noa/(i, s. Fine, soft earth, or earth easily pul¬ verized, such as constitutes soil; a substance like down.—(Span.) The matrix in which anything is cast and receives its form.—In horticultxire, vegetable eaith formed by the mixture of dung and other ma¬ terials.—In ynechayiics and the arts, a form in which anything is cast, as the moulds in which type-casters cast their types, or the glaziers cast their lead.— Mould-loft, a large room in a dockyard used for ship-building. — v.a. To cause to contract mould ; to cover with mould or soil^ to form into a particular shape; to shape ; to fashion ; to model; to knead. — v.n. To contract mould ; to become mouldy. Mould-w’arp, moald'-warp, 8. A mole. Moulda-ble, moald'-a-bl, a. That may be moulded or formed. Moulded, moaJd'-ed, pp. of the verb to mould. Mo' LDER, moaW'-er, s. He w'ho moulds or forms into shdpc. — v.n. To turn to dust by natural decay; to crumble; to perish; to waste aw'ay gi'adually. — v.a. To turn to dust; to crumble ; to waste. Mouldering, nioald'-er-ing, ppr. or a. Turning to dust; cnimbllng; w'asting away. Mouldiness, moald'-e-nes, s. The state of being mouldy Moulding, moald'-ing, s. Anything cast in a mould, or which appears to be so.—In architecUire, a projecture beyond the w'all, column, wainscot, &c. Mouldy, mo^’l'-de, a. Overgrown with mould. Moulin, nio.r -lin, 8 . (Fr.) A mill. Moulinet, moc'-le-net, s. A kind of turnstile. Moulinage, nwo'-lin-aje, s. (Fr.) The last dressing of silk before it is dyed. Moult, moalt, v.n. To shed or cast the hair, feathers, skin, horns, &c., as an animal. —- s. The act or process of changing the feathers, &c.; moulting. Moult-ing, moalt'-ing, 8 . The operation by which cer¬ tain animals cast off or lose their hair, feathers, skins, horns, &c. MouNCHjt munsh, v.a. To chew. See Munch. Mound, moicnd, s. Something raised as a defence or fortification ; a rampart or fence. — v.a. To fortify with a mound. Mount, mownt, v.n. To rise on high; to ascend ; to get on horseback; to leap upon any animal; to rise in value. — v.a. To raise aloft; to lift on high; to ascend; to cUrab ; to furnish with horses.— To mount a map, to prepare it for use by attaching it to canvas, &c., to mount a diamond, to set it in framework.—Ksteni ! is a word (f command in the cavalry service, for the men to mount their horses.— To mount a piece, to set a piece of ordnance upon the carriage, or to raise its mouth higher. — s. A mass of earth, or earth and rock, rising con¬ siderably above the common surface of the suiTOimd- ing land. Mountable, mownt'-h-hl, a. That may be ascended or mounted. Mountain, mowntf-in, s. A large mass of earth and rock, rising above the common level of the earth or adjacent land ; a kind of light wine. — a. Pertaining to a mountain.—an ornamental tree, of the genus pyrtis or sorbus.— 3lountain-bhie, blue m?L\QJO\\\tQ.—Mountain-cork, a variety of asbestus, resembling cork in its texture.— Mountain-dew, a name giv^n to genuine Scotch whiskey, ns being often sevretly distilled in the mountains of Scotland. — Mouyitain-greeyi, green malaciiite.— Mountain-leather, a variety of asbestus, resembling leatlier in its XoxtvjCQ.—Motintain-lime- stone, in geology, the carboniferous limestone found betw'een the old red sandstone and the coal measiu*es. ■^Mountain-milk, a very soft, spongy variety of the carbonate of lime.— Mountain pwi l European herb.— Motmtain-pepper, a nameUr the seeds of Capparis Sinaica. — 3Iountain-rice^ nr. upland descrip tion of rice, grown without irrigation, on the moiui- tain slopes.— Mountain-soap, a soft, earthy hrowmish- 4 black mineral, used in crayon painting.— sorrel, the plant Oxysia acida, a native of Britain.— Mountain-tallow, a mineral found in Sweden and Scotland, which is soluble in alcohol. Mountaineer, 1 s. An inhabitant of a Mouhta.is'ek, viown'-tin-er, j mountain; a rustic; a freobootei ; a savage. Mountainet,$ moiox’-tin-et, 8 . A small mountain; a hillock. Mountainous, motvn'-tin-us, a. Full of mountains; large, as a mountain ; huge ; t inhabiting mountains. Mountainousness, mow?i'-ti?x-us-nes, 8. The state of being full of mountains. Mountant, mown'-tant, a. Rising on high. Mountebank, 8 . A quack; any boast¬ ful and false pretender. — v.a. To cheat by boasting and false pretences; to gull. Mountebankerv, mown'-ie-bank-er-e, s. Quackery^ boastful and vain pretences. Mounted, mownt'-ed, pp. or a. Raised ; seated on horseback ; prepared for use ; furnished with guns. Mounten ANCE,i moicn'-te-nanse, 6. Amount in space. Mounter, mownt'-er, 8. One who mounts or ascends. Mounting, mowntf-ing In general, the act of mount¬ ing ; equipment; erabellisnraent; the setting to 3 gem; the frame of a picture or map. Mountinglv, mowntf-ing-le, ^6.. By rising or ascending. Mountt, mown'-te, s. T^e rise of a hawk. Mourn, moarn, v.n. To grieve ; to lament; to expreat grief or son’ow; to be sorrowful; to wear the cuj*- tomary habit of sorrc'*' MOURN C 628 ] MUCOUS moDRN, v.a. To griere for; to lament; to utter in a soiTowful manner. Mourned, moanid^ pp. of the Terh to mourn. Mourner, moam'-er, 8. One who mourns or is griered at any loss or misfortune. Mournful, monrn^.fnl^ a. Intended to express sorrow ; causing sorrow , feeling grief; sorrowfu lugubrious. Mournfully, moarn'-fta-le, ad. sive of sorrow. Modrnfulness mourning. In a manner expres- moarn*-JuUnez, 8. Sorrow; state of Mourn iNo, monrn*~ing. ppr. or a. Grieving; lamenting; sorrowing.— Monniina-bvoorh, a jet brooch.— Mourn- ing-coackyO, coach with funereal trappings, for attend- mg a \'\xneTB.\.~Mourning-regJet,a broad metal border¬ ing fur black columns in a newspaper. — 8. The act of sorrowing or expressing grief; lamen¬ tation ; sorrow ; the dress or customary habit worn by m: lu’ners. Mourning-dove, moarn'-ing-duv,t,. A species of dove, so named from its plaintive note. Mourningly, T/ioarn'-ing'-^e, ad. With the appearance of sorrow. Mouse, mowse, s.; pi. Mice. A small rodent qiiadiRiped, of the genus mus.—Mouse-ear, a name of several herbs, oh accounts of the shape and velvety surface of their leaves.— Monstf-hawk, a haw'k tliat devours mice.— Mouse-hole, a hole where mice enter or pass.— Mouse-hunt, hunting for mice; a mouscr; a kind of weasel.—an annual plant, with seeds resembling the tail of a mouse.—iljfo?4se-«rGp, a trap for catching mice. Mouse, niowze, v.n. To ^atch tor and catch mice. — v.a. To tear, as a cat devours a mouse. Mouser, mow'-zer, s. A cat that catches mice. Moussachk, moos-sdshe', s. A name for the fecula of the manioc plant. Mousseline, tnoos'-se-lin, s. (Fr.) Muslin; which see. Moustache, moos-tdshe', 8. See Mustache. Mouth, mowth, s. The aperture in the head of an animal, between the lips, by which he utters his ' voice and receives food ; the opening of a vessel or of a river . the opening or entrance of a cave, pit, well, or den.—In Scripture, words uttered ; reproaclies; calumnies.—To make mouths, to distort the moutii. ‘-Boicn in the mouth, dejected.—3/o«iA-/rtenrf, a pre¬ tended friend.— Mnuth-honoxtr, or Mouth-made, civiUty expressed without sincerity. Mouth, mowthe, v.a. To utter with a voice affectedly big or swelling; to seize with the mouth; to chew; to devour ; to reproach ; to insult. — v.n. To speak with a full, round, or loud, affected voice ; to vociferate ; to rant. Mouthed, mowthe'd, pp. Uttered with a full, swelling, affected voice. — a. Furnished with a mouth; home down or over¬ powered by clamour; used in composition, as, fotd- mouthed.—in the manege, an epithet for a horse with any particular sort of mouth ; as, hard-moxUhed, soft- moxUhed, &c. Mouther, 8. One who mouths, an affected speaker or declaimer. Mouthful, 8. As much as the mouth con¬ tains at once ; a small quantity. Mouthing, moivthe’-ing, ppr. or a. Uttering with an affected, swelling voice. — 8. An affected, swelling utterance. Mouth LESS, motvih'-les, a. Destitute of a mouth. Mouth-imkce, mowth'-pt‘t‘ce,s,. The piece of a musical wind instrument to which the mouth is applied ; one who delivers the opinions of others. Movable, or Moveable, mvov'-u-bl, a. That may be moved or lifted .—Movable feasts are feasts comme¬ morating different events recorded in the New Testament. Movableness, mocxf-6-hl-nes,^. Tlie state or quality of being movable; mobility, susceptibility of motion. Movables, moov'-d-blz, s.pl. Goods, wares, commodities, furniture ; any specits of property not fiNed. Movably, moov'-d-ble, ad. So that it may be moved. Move, moiwe, v.a. To carry, convey, or draw from one place to another; to prevail on; to excite pity; to irritate ; to stir, or agitate. ^ v.n. To change plaa* or posture ; to stir; to have tliC power of action ; ^ walk ; to change residence; to propose something for consideration and determi¬ nation. a. TliC act of moving,' a movement. Moveless, moov'-les. v. That cannot be moved ; ^ed. Movement, moott-ment, s. Motion ; a passing, prt 5 gres- sion, or flowing; excitement; agitation.—In music any single strain having the same measure or time.— In horology, the entire wheel-work of a clock or watch.— In military science, the regular orderly morions of an army, comprehending marches, evolu¬ tions, manoeuvres, &c., as movements of attack and retreat; Ech’lon movement s,&.t.—In European politics, the movevient denotes t)ie popular party.—In mechanics, a movement maker is a rnaiiufauturer of the internal machinery of watches or clucks. Movent, t moo'-vent, ’A. Moving; not quiescent. —t 8. That which moves an.^ tiling. Mover, moov'-er, s. The person or thing that gives motion, or impels to action; one who offers a propo¬ sition. Moving, moov’-ing, s. Motive ; impulse. — a. Kxciting the passions ; paihetic. Movingly, moov'-ing-le, ad. rathetically. Movingness, moov'-mg-nes, s. Power of affecting. Mow, moto, 8. A heap of hay, or sheaves of grain ; ±a wry face. — v.a. To lay hay or sheaves of grain in a heap. Mow, mo, v.a.; pret. Mowed; pp. Mowed or Motion. To cut dow'n with a scythe, as grass or other plants; to cut down indiscriminately. — v.n. To cut grass ; to practise mowing. Mow-burn, mou/-btirfi, v.n. To heat and ferment in the Tno>v. Mowed, mode, ) pp. or a. Cut with a scythe ; cleared Mow'n, mone, j of gi'ass. Mower, mo'-er, s. One who.mows. Mowing, mo'-mg, s. The ac t of cutting with a scythe. Moyle, moyl, s. An old spelling of miUe. Mozing, mo’-zing, s. An operation of preparing cloth m the gig-mili. Mr., mis'-ter. An abbreviation of Mngister. Mrs., mis'-tres, or mh'-ses. An abbreviation of Mistress. Mucates, mew’-kates, s.pl. A genus of salts in which the mucic acid is combined with a salifiable base. Muccheko, mnk-ke'-ro, s. An mfusion of roses and violets made in Italy. Mucu, mutch, a. Great in quantity or amount; long in duration. — ad. In a great degree ; by far; qualifying adjective# of the comparative degree, as miuA more; qualifying verbs or participles, often or long. — 8. A great quantity ; more than enough.— much, or so much, an equal quantity.—Too )iiuch, an exces¬ sive quantity. —7b make mxich of, to value or esteem. Mucic Acid, mew'-sik as'-id, s. An acid obtained from the oxidation of the sugar of milk. Mccid, metv'-sid, a. Musty ; mouldy ; slimy. Mucidness, mew'-sid-nes, s. Mustiness ; sliminess. Mucilage, meuf-sil-laje, s. In chemistry, one of the proximate elements of vegetables, which, when solid forms a gum. Mucilaginous, meto-sil-laf-in-us, a. Pertaining to mu¬ cilage ; slimy. Mucilaoinousness, mexo-sil-laj'-in-u8-nes, s. Sliminess. Muciparous, xnew-sip'-d-rus, a. Secreting or producing mucus. Mucite, meuf-site, s. A substance chemically combined with mucous acid. Mucivora, mew-siv'-o-vd, s.pl. A family of dipterous insects. Mccb, muk, 8. Dung in a moist state ; something mean or filthy. —To ru?i a muck, to attack all one meets. — v.a To manure w'ith moist dung. MucKENPER,t tmik'-en-der, s. A pocket-handkerchief. MucKEREH,t Uiuk'-er-er,^. Muck-heaf, muk'-heep, i Muce-hill, ) *’ Muceiness, rnnl'-e-nes, 8. Mucr-raee, muk'-rake, s. Muce-sweat, muk'-swet,%. gar). Ml cK-woRM, muk'-wurm, muck , a miser. Mucky, muk'-e, a. Filthy ; nasty. Mucor^ mew'-kur, 8 . (Lat.) Mo fungt. A miser ; a niggard. A heap of muck. Filthiness; nastiness. A rake for collecting muck. Profuse perspirauon (u«/- 8. A worm that lives in Mouldiness; a genus of Mucoso-saccharine , mev)-ko'-so-sak'-kii-rin, a. Partak¬ ing of the qualities of mucilage and sugar. Mucous, meur-AM«, a. Pertaining to or resembling mu¬ cus; slimy .—Mucous membrane, a membranous linin'^ of the canals and cavities of the body. MU00USNES3 r 629 3 MULTIPED The state of being nrn- a. Narrowed to a point. In a mucronate or MUCOV8WE88, msw'-kus-nes, s. cons. Mucronatb, fnetv'-kro-nate, ) Mccronated, viezc'-kro-na-ted, I Mucronately , tnew'-kro-jiate-Uj ad. sharp-pointed manner. Muculent, a. Slimy. _ .aw Mucus, 8. (Lat.) A viscid fluid secreted by the mucous membrane. . Mud, miirf, s. Moist earth.—Kwd-^s/i, a species of the ciprinus kind.—il/wrf-st/Z, in bridges, the sill that is laid at the bottom of a river, lake, &.c..—Mud-cart,Q. scavenger's cart for removing dirt from the streets.— Mud-sucker, an aquatic ioyfl.^Mud-wall, a wall com¬ posed of mud or of stone.— Mud-wort, the least water plantain. . , _ wj — v.a. To bury in mud or slime ; to make turbid or Mddar, mew’-dar, s. A name given to the Calotropis gigantea, a medicine of an alterative and sudorinc nature. ^ ^ , Mudarine, tnurf'-d'-rtnc, s. A peculiar substance ob¬ tained from the bark of the root of the mudar, which possesses the singular property of softening by cola and hardening by heat. Muddied, mud'-dia, pp. or a. Soiled with mud. MuDDiLY,»mrf'-de-Ze, ad. Turbidly ; cloudily. ^luDDiNEss, inud'-de-nes, s. Turbidness; intellectual dulness. , ... Muddle, mud'dl, v.a. To make foul; to intoxicate. — v.n. To contract filth. — s. A confused or turbid state. , Muddy, rziud'-de, a. Poul with dirt; turbid, impure cloudy in mind; 8t\Lpid.-^3Xuddy-headed, having a dull understanding. , , — v.a. To soU with mud ; to dirty ; to render turbid , to cloud ; to make dull or heavy. Muff, muff, s. A warm cover for the hands. Muffin, nm/'-Jiji, 8. A light, round, spongy cake. Muffin-mnn is an itinerant vendor of muffins. Muffineer, nizif-fe-neer, s. A covered dish to keep toasted muffins hot. Muffle, tnuf'Ji, v.a. To cover from the weather; to blindfold , to conceal; to deaden the sound of a drum. — v.n- To speak indistinctly. — 8. In chemistry and metallurgy, an oven shaped vessel used for the purification of gold and silver. Muffled, muf'fid, pp. or a. Covered closely; blind¬ folded. , .r *w ♦ Muffler, muffler, s. A cover for the face ; a throat- ■wTapper. Mufflon, muf'-flon, s. The wild sheep or musmon. Mufti, muf-te, s. An official expounder of Moham medan law. ^ , Mug, mug, s. An earthen or metal cup from which liquors are drunk.— Mvg-hozise, an ale-house.— Mzig- iveed, a plant of the genus Vaillantia. — Mug-wort, an herb of tlie genus artemisia. 'M^gokr'd,X mug'-gard, fi. Sullen ; displeased. M UGGENT, mug'-gent, s. A species of wild, fresh-water ^hck. ^ Mugget, mug‘-et, 8. The entrails of a calf. Mugoish, mug ^- ghish , I a. Moist; damp; warm and un iA . voQ \, mug '- ghe , j elastic, as air. * MuggletoniAN8, mztg - gl - to '- ne - ans , 8. pi A sect oi Christians who sprang up in 1651, and derived their name from one Mugglcton,a fanatical tailor, who pre¬ tended to be the last and the greatest of all prophets. Mugient,$ NiM'-j'e-euZ, a. Lowing; bellowing Mugillid/e, wM-^iZ'-Zc-rfc, s.pl. A family of Acanthop- terygiuus fishes, the Mullets, of which the Mzegil is the type. ^ . , Mulatto, mtt-ZtJZ'-fo, 8. The offspring of a wlute and a black. ^ . .r .,.w Mulberry, muV - her - re , s. The fi*uit or the tree of the genus 3/orMS. Mulch, mxdk, s. Half-rotten straw, litter, &c. Mulct, mxilkt, s. A fine imposed for some offence. — v.a. To fine. Mulctuary, mulk'-tu-Ci-re, a. Imposing a pecuniary penalty. , . , Mule, mezcl, 8. A quadruped of a mongrel breed, generated between an ass and a mare ; a plant or vegetable produced by impregnation; an instri^ent for cottOD-apinning.— Mule-sptnner,ORe who spins on a mule.—3/MZc-tcorZ, a plant of the genus hemioniHs. Muleteer, mewV-e-teer, 8. One who drives mules. Mulette, mu-lef, s. A kind of sailing vessel. and mingled with a. Having many Muliebrity, mew~le-eb'-re-te, s. 'Womanhood; efleuU* Mulish, niew'-lish, a. Like a mule ; sullen; stubborn. AIulishly, wieic'-Zts/i-Ze, ad. With stubbornness. Mulishness, s. Obstinacy. . Mull, mul, v.a. To soften in spirit; to heat and sweeten with spices ; to dispirit. . a « — s. (Scot.) A snuff-box made of the small end of a horn ; a cape or headland; a thin, soft kind Qi pp. or a. Sweetened and enriched spices.—Mulled wine, wine heated over the tire, with spices and sugar added. , Crw Mi^.ler, mul'-ler, s. A stone held in the hand grinding colours and other matters on a stone, chiefly used by apothecaries and painters; an instrument used by glass-grinders. _. Muller-gi.ass, mnl'-ler-glas, 8. The popular name of the mineral Hyolite, wliich has a glassy lustre, and is as hard as quartz. . - ,r -7 t« Mullet, mui'-let, s. A fish, a species of Mugti.—in heraldry, a figure in shape like the rowel oi a spur. Mullid.®, muV-le-de, s.pl. See Mugillid.®. Mulligatayvny, mul-le-gd-taw^-ne, s. A kind of cur^ soup, made of veal, with ham, vegetables, &c., addled. Mulligrubs, mtd'-le-grubs, s. A twisting of the intes- MuLLioN,^»iur*-V»«> 8* An upright division in a win¬ dow-frame. Mullock, muV-lok, s. Rubbish. Mulse, mulse, s. Wine boiled honey. Multangular, mul-tang'-gu-lar, Multangularlt, ad. AVith many Multarticulate, mult-ar-tik'-u-late, a. Having many joints. , . Multeity, wMZ-fe'-e-Zfi, 8. Multiplicity. Mclticapsular, mul-te-kap'-sn-lar, a. In botany, having many capsules. ▼ u Mdlticarin.atb, mul-te-kar'-e-nate, a. In conchology, many-keeled. . „ Multicavocs, mul-te-ka'-vus, a. Having many cavities. Mdltidentate, mul-te-den'-tate, a. Furnished with numerous teeth. . Multifarious, rmd-te-fn'-re-us, Having great mul¬ tiplicity, or much variety. Multifariously, mul-te-fa-re-us-le, ad. AVith great Mdltifariousness, mzd-te-fa'-re-us-nes, s. Multiplied diversity. ... Multifid, muV-te-fld, a. Having many divisions, Multifidous, mul-tif'-e-dus, a. Having many diyi* sions or partitions. . _ MuLTiFLORoiis, mul-tc fl(X-rus, a. Haying flowers. MvhT\TOLD, mul'-te-foald, R. Many times doubled. Multiform, wmZ'-ie-/«w'rm, a. Having many torms, or Multiformity, mul-te-fawryn'-e-te, s. Diversity of Multiformous, niul-te-fatorni'-U8, a. Having many forms. . Multigenerous, mul-te-jeri'-er-us, a. Having many Multijugous, mxd-te-jew'-gus, a. Consisting of many Multilateral, mul-te-lat-e-ral, a. Having many Multilineal, muZ-Ze-Zm'-e-aZ, a. Having many lines. Multilocular, mul-te-lok'-u-lar, a. Having many Multiloquence, mul-til'-o-kive7ise, s. Use of many Multii.oquous, mul-til'-o-kwus, a. Speaking much loquacious. Multi NODATE, mul-te-n(/-date, a. Having many knots. |a. > n« 8 ,} - Having many names or terms- In algebra, an Multinomial, mzd-te-no'-me-nl, MultinomINAL, mzd-te-nom'-e-nal, Moltinominous, 7nul-te-7tom-e-nus,, i. ai expres.'^ion denoting several terms connected by the Multiparous, mul-tip'-ci-rus, a. Producing many at a Multipartitb, mul~tip'-ar-tite, a. Divided into many Multiped, mid '- ie - ped , 9. An insect with many feet. MULTIPED [ 630 ] MURDER Multiped, a. Haviiig many feet. Multiple, muV-te-pl^ a. Containing many times. — 8. In mathematics, a quantity which contains an¬ other a certain number of times without a remainder. —In algebra, multiple values are symbols which fulfil the algebraical conditions of a problem w'hen different values are given them. Mcltiplex, mwr-ie-c/eis.a. (Lat.) Many-fold. •Mtjltipliable, muV-te-pli-ik-lH, a. That may be mul¬ tiplied. ^ Multipliadleness, mx(Ute-pli'-&-hl~nes, s. Capacity of being multiplied. UULTIPLICABLE, muV-U-ple-kft-bl, a. That may be multiplied. ^ Multiplicand, rmd-te-pU-kand', s. Ill arithmetic, the number to be multiplied. Mdltiplicate, muV-te~ple-kate, a. Consisting of many. Multiplication, mxd-te-ple-ka'-shun, s. The act of ^J^tiplying.—In arithmetic, a imle or operation by which any given number may be multiplied by itself. Multiplicative, muV-te-ple-ka-iiv, %. Tending to multiply. MuLfiPLicATOR, mul-te-ple-ka'-tur, s. A multiplier. Multiplicious, mul-te-plish'-us, a. Manifold. mxd-te- 2 yli^-e-te, s. Many of the same Multiplied, muV-te-plide, pp. or a. Increased in numbei's. Multiplier, muV-te-pli-er, s. One who n'.ultiplies or increases ; the number by which another is mul¬ tiplied. Multiply, muV-te-pU, v.a. To increase in number ; to make more by natural generation or production.—In f^'>'^^metic, to repeat or add to itself any given number of Multiplying glass, a glass or lens which represents a single object to the eye as if it were many. — v.n. To grow or increase in number: to increase in extent. Multipotent, mul-tip'-o-tmt, a. Having power to do many things. mul-te-prez*~ense, s. The power or act of being present in many places at once. Multiradiate, mul~te-ra'-ae-ate, a. Having many Multiscious, mul-tish'-xis, a. Having variety of know¬ ledge. Multisiliquoxis, mul-te~sil'-e~kwus, a. Having many pods or seed-vessels. Multisonous, viul-tis'-o-nus, a. Having many sounds/ Multispiral, mul'-te-spi'-ral, a. In conchology, a term applied to the opercula of univalve shells. Multistriate, mul-te-stri'-ate, a. Havin'^ manv streaks. ^ Multisyllable, + mul-te-siV-ld-bl, s. A polysyllable. Multitude, mul'-te-tewd, s. A great number; a crowd of people; the lower classes of society; assemblage, collection. ® ’ Multitudinary, Multitudinous manifold. Multitudinous, mul-te-tew'-de~niis, sl. Consisting of a great number. Multitudinously, mul-te-tew'-de-nusde, ad. After the manner of a throng. Multivagant, ynxd-tiv'-fi-gnnt, a. "Wandering much. .BIultivalve, mtU'-te-valv, 8. In zoology, a mollusk with a shell of many valves. Multivalvular, mxd-te-vaV-vu~lar, a. Having manv valves. ° ^ Multiversant, mid-te-vey-sant, a. Turning into manv shapes; changeable. MuLTiviou8,i- mul-tiv'-e^us, a. Having many ways or roads. ^ ^ Multoca, mool-to'-ka, s. The Turkish code of law. Multocular, mxd-toK-u-lar, a. Having many eyes. Multum, wiM/'-rtm, 8. A compound extract of quassia and liquorice, used by bre'wers for the purpose of eco- nomiEing niaJt and hops; also a preparation made from Cocculus Indicus, used for imparting an intoxi¬ cating property to beer .—Multum in parvo, much in a small compass. Multungclate, mult-un^~gu-late, a. In zoology, having the hoof divided into more than two parts, as the elephant, &c. Mum, mum, a. Silent. — interj. Hush! he silent! — s. A species of ale brewed from wheaten malt— Muxn bxidgst, an expression denoting secrecy as well as Bils2i.ee.— Mum-chance, a game of hazai'd with cards. Mumble, mum'bl, v.n. To mutter; to speak inarticu¬ lately. — v.a To utter with a low, inarticulate voice.— Mxvnble-news, a kind of tale-bearer. Mumbler, mum'bler, s. One who speaks inarticu¬ lately. Mumblinolt, mum'bling-le, ad. With inarticulate utterance. Mumchangb,+ mum'-tchaxise, s. A game of hazard with dice; a fool. Mumm, mum, v.a. To make diversion in a mask. Mummer, mum'-mer, s. One who masks himself and makes diversion in disguise. Mummery, mum'-me-re, s. Low buffoonery. Musimification, mum-7ne-fe-ka'-shun, 8. The act of making into a mummy. Mummiform, nmm'-tne-faiorin, a. In form like a mummy. Mummify, mu77i'-me-Ji, v a. To embalm as a mummy. Mumming, mum'-ming, s. The sports of mummei's. — a. Pertaining to sports of mummers. Mummy, s. A dead human body embalmed with myrrli and spices, and dried after the manner of the ancient Egyptians.—In horticidture, a sort of wax used in graftmg and planting trees.—To beat to a niumuiy, to beat soundly. Mump, OTMHip, v.a. or v.n. To move the lips with tlie mouth almost closed; to nibble; to chew with con¬ tinued motion ; to deceive. Mumper, mum'-jici', s. A beggar. Mumping, mump'-mg, s. Pegging tricks: mockery. Mumpish, a. Dull; heavy; sullen. Mumpishly, ad. In a dull manner; sul¬ lenly. ’ Mumps, mumps, s. A disease; a sweUing of the parotid glands; sullenness. Munch, wiims/i, v.a. or v.n. To chew eagerly by great mouthfuls. ° j o Muncher, munsh'-er, s. One who munches. Mund^ mund, s. A Saxon word signifying peace, pro- ^ction, or patronage, and still retained in names, as ±idmu7id, happy peace. Mundane, mun’-danc, a. Eelonging to the world. MuNDATioNjt 7nun-da'-shun, s. The act of cleansing. MuNDATORY,t a. Cleansing. Mundic, mun'-dik, s. Iron or arsenical pyiites. Mundification, 7nuu-de-fe-koif-shun, s. Operation of cleansmg. Mundificative, muu-dif'-e-kd-tiv, a. Having the power to cleanse. ® — s. A medicine having the property of cleansing. •Mundify, mun'-de-Ji, v.a. To cleanse. Mundivagant, mxifi-div'-d-gant, a. Wandering over the world. Mundungus, mnn-dung'-us, s. Stinking tobacco, gif?a. Having the natui'e of a MuNER.ATE,t mew'-ne-rate. See Remunerate, Rf.mc;. neration,&c. Mungrel, mung'-grel. See Mongrel. Municipal, mu-nis^-e-pal, a. Pertaining to a corpora¬ tion or city.— Mxmicxpal law, the general or common law of a country or of a city. See Law. ^ trhjt ^^^ctpal di^ Munificence, wiM-ni/'-e-sewse, 8. Liberality; generosity 5, a. Manifesting liberality Munificent, xnu-nif'-e-sent, beneficent. Munificently, w«-m/'-e-sen^-Ze, ad. Liberally. Muniment, mew'-ne-ment, s. A place of defence.—In laxo, a record; a writing, by which claims and rights are maintained.— Munimenl-hoxise, a strong fire-proot building or apartment for preserving muniments oi charters, or keeping evidence. Munition, mu-nish'-tm, s. Ammunition; materials used in war. ’M.vrkq-e, meio'-raje, s. Money paid for keeping W’alls m repau*. ® ^^w^ a. Pertaining to or resembling a Murchisonite, 7nxy-tche-sun-ite, s. A variety of feld¬ spar, 80 called from the geologist Murchison. Murder, mwi -der^ s. The act of unlawfully killing a human bein^ wiUi premeditated malice. - v.a. To kill a human being with premeditated malice; to assassinate. MURDEl [ 631 ] MUSKET Mobdkb. inteil. An outcry -when life is in danger. Mobdereb, mur'-der-er, 8 . A person who kflls a human being With premeditated malice, a small piece of ordnance. . . Murderous, mur'-der-us, a. Committing murder, MuR^Ronsjr, mur'-der-us-le, ad. In a murderous M^rdress, mttr'-drea, 8 . In fortificatiori^ a small flank¬ ing battlement, M'itli loopholes for feing through. Muke,± inewr, v-a. To inclose in walls. Murex, meic'-reSs, 8 . (Lat.) A genus of maime mol- m11?exide, mu-reks'-id, s. The purpurate of ammonia, which crystallizes m short Mxirexan is the purpuric acid produced by the decom¬ position of murexide. , Muriacite, metv'-T6~d-site, s. A stone composed of salt, MomATE?mfS?-r^o«c, s. A salt composed of muriatic acid and a salifiable base.—The Muriates are an exten- slye family of salts. Thus the Muriate of ammonia, generally called Sal-ammomac. —Muriate of lime, formerly kno^m by the names of marine selenite, calcareous marine salt, &c.— Muriate of iroriy foi'meny known as Ferrum salitutn, &c.— Muriate of potash, the febrifuge salt of Sylvius.-iHifrtaie of soda, or common salt, found in large masses, or in rocks under the e^h. Muriated, nieiv'-re-a-ted, a. Combined with muriatic acid ; soaked in brine. , , . Muriatic, mew-rc-at'-ik, a. Pertaimng to sea salt.- 3Iurxatic acid, an acid composed of one equivalent of hydrogen and one of chlorine. j Muriatifebous, mew-re-ct-tif'-er-us, a. Producing muriatic substances. ' Muricalcite, mew-re-kaV-site, 8 . Rhomb-spai, the calcareo-caloate of magnesia or dolomite. , Muricate, mew'~re-kate, i a. Full of shai’p points or Muricated, mm'-re-A:a-^ed, i prickles. MuRiciD.^, mu-ri^-e-de, s.pl. In zoology, a family of carnivorous Gasteropods, consisting of the Murexes and Whelks.—The Muricims are a sub-family ot the same tribe Muricite, mew'-re-site, s. Fossil remains of the murex. MuniFORM, mew'-re-fawrm, a. In botany, resembling hxTCks. Murine, wiew'-rtn, a. Pertainmg to mice. Murines, meto'-rinz, s.pl. A tribe of rodent quadrupeds, as rats, mice, &c. Murk,+ murk, s. Darkness. Murkily, mur'-ke- le, ad. Obscurely ; gloomily. Murky, muid-ke, a. Dark ; obscure; gloomy. Murmur, wMir'-wwr, s. (Lat.) A low sound, continuaPy repeated, as that of a running stream; a complaint uttered in a muttering voice. . , — v.n. To make a low, continued noise, like the hum of bees ; to complain. Murmurer, mu^-mur-er, s. One who murmurs; a grumbler. i • * Murmuring, mur'-mur-ing, s. Complaint. Murmurinqly, mur’-mur-ing-le, ad. With a low Id-r^urous, mui^-mur-us, a. Exciting murmur or METH2^m«z'-rin, s. An infectious disease among cattle. — a. Infected with the murrain. Murrey, mur'-re, a. Of a dark red colour. Murrhinb, rnwr'-ria, a. An epithet given to a.delicate kind of ancient ware, made of fluor-spar. Murrion, wnr'-re-MH, 8. A helmet ; a casque. , ~ Musace^., mu-sa'-se-e, ) s.pl. A na^al ^lvss.,mew'-se, j stemless trees, of which the Musa, or Plantain, is the type. Mu 8 AKD,t meio'-zaxa, 8 . C^^-) ^ dreamer; one absent in mind Muscarpine, mus-k'dr^-din, s. A fungus or rot, which khis silkworms in great numbers. Muscat, musf-kat, s. A sort of grape and of '^i^e. Muschbl-kalk, mush'-el-kalk, s. In gsology, shell lime¬ stone, belonging to the new red sandstone senes. Muscip^, tnu^-se-de, s.pl. A family Insects, of which the Tlfi Uie type. Muscle, 8 . A deep red, vascular, and hJgliiT contractile organ, consisting of fibres, or bundles of fibres, inclosed in a thin cellular membrane. The muscles are the organs by which the movements cf the animal body are effected.—A bivalvular shell-fish of the genus mytilus of Linnaeus ; sometimes written mussel. , ... Muscoid, mu^-koyd, a. In botany, moss-like. — s. A moss-like, fiowerless plant. ^ ^ ^ Muscology, mus-koV-o-je,B. That part of botany which treats of mosses. Musoobity, 8 . Mossiness. tt ja ^ Muscovado, mus-ko-va'-do, s.; primarily a. Unrefined sugar. Muscovite, mu^-ko-vite, s. A name for mica. Muscovy-duck, mu^~ko-ve-duk, s. A species of duck. Muscular, mus'-ku-lar, a. Pertaining to or performed by a muscle ; strong ; brawny ; vigopus. Muscularity, mus-ku-lar'-e-te, s. The state of being Muscularlt, mus'-ku-lar-le, ad. With strength of muscle. „ Musculite, mu^-ku-lite, s. A petrified muscle or shell. Musculous, mu^-ku-lus, el Full of muscles, or pertain¬ ing to a muscle ; strong. . Muse, mewz, s. Deep thought; the deity or power of —^m^To think closely; to study in silence ; to be ab¬ sent in mind ; to ruminate or reflect. — v.a. To meditate on. Museful, meioz'-ful, a. Silently tbouglitful. Musefully, mewz'-ful-le, ad. Tboughtluliy. Museless, mewz'-les, a. Disregarding the power of Muser, mewz’ -er , s. One who thinks closely in silence. Muses, mewz'-es, s.pl. In mythology, the nine sister goddesses who presided over music, poetry, and the Uberal arts. . Muset, w^wj'-zci, s. A gap in a hedge. . . , Museum, mew-ze'-nm, s. A repository of naturaL smen- tific, artistic, and Uterary curiosities, of winch there are several in London, the principal one being the British Museum. . , Mush, mush, s. The meal of maize boiled. Mushroom, mush'-room, s. The common name of nume¬ rous Cryptogamic plants of the natural order the edible mngus; an upstart.— Mushroom-ketchup is a flavouring sauce made of mushrooms.—J)f«s/iroom- spawn, the seed of the mushroom sold in mass by gar¬ deners. ilvsic,meu/-iik,s. Melody or harmony; any succession of sound so modulated as to please the ear; the sci¬ ence of harmonical sounds.—Kwstc-6oofc, a book con¬ taining tunes or 8ong&. — Music-master, one jiio teaches music.— Music-stand, a light frame for holding a piece of music or book. — Music-stool, a stool or seat for one who performs on the pianoforte. Musical, mew'-ze-kal, a. Belonging to music, or agree¬ able sounds ; melodious ; pleasing to tbe ear.-^Musical pi. A. lamiiy oi Musca, or common Housefly, is aoie sounos ; meiutuuua , picci.-sj-i.e • "-'”■- 7 - box,Q. small barrel-organ machine, adapted for play- in^' different times.—Musical clock, a clock whica nlays tunes at the hours.— 3Iusical glasses, a musica. mstrument consisting of a number of glass goblets. Musically, ad. In a melodious manner. Musicalness, mew'-ze kal-nes, s. Quality of being me- Mustc'l'J^, mew-zish'-an, s. One who sings, or per^rma on instruments of music; a person skilled in the sci¬ ence of music. ^ Musing, 8 . Meditation; contemplation. Musingly, ad. In a musing way. , Mdsk, musk, 8 . A strong-scented substance obtained from a cyst or bag near tbe na-vel ot the Moschus moj- chiferus ’ also the animal itself.—a Parti¬ cular kind of apple.— 3T»sJ:-l)e Laine, rnwz'-iin iayn, s. (Fr.) A woollen fabric of light texture. Muslinet, muz-le-net't s. A sort of coarse cotton cloth. MusoPHAoiPiB, mew-so-faf-e-de, s.pl. A family of birds, the Plantain-eaters, of which the Musophaga is the type. Musquash, mua'^kwash^ s. A burrowing animal of North America, the Musk-rat, whose skin forms an article of commerce. Musquito, mus-k&‘tOf s. A stinging insect of the genus adex. Musrole, muz'-roUf s. The nose-hand of a horse’s bridle. Mu8s,t mus, 8. A scramble; a confused struggle. Mussel, mus'sl, s, A bivalve shell-fish. See Muscle. Mu8siTATioN,t mns-se-ta'-shun, s. A grumbling; murmuring. Mussulman, tmis'-snl-man, s. ; pi. Mussulmans. Mohammedan. Must, must v.n. To be obliged or necessitated , grow mouldy and sour. — v.a. 'I'o make mouldy and sour. — 8. Wine from the grape, not fermented. Mdstac, mus'-tak, s. A small tufted monkey. MusTAt HE, m7is-tashe', _ Mustaches, mus-tash'-es, 13 - Longhair on the upper Mustachio, rmis-tdsh'-e-Of) Mustachioed, mus-tii'-she-od, a. Having mustachioes. Mostaira, vius-ta’-rd, s. A hard, close-grained wood, exported from Hrazil, and used for turning. Mustang, mus'-tang, s. A wild horse. Mustard, mus'-tar-d, s. A plant and its seed, of the genus Si7iapi8 .— Oil of mustard is a pungent oil ob¬ tained from the seeds of the Sinapis uigra. Mdstee, mu8-te^, s. The child of a white person and a quadroon, in the West Indies. Mustelid-b, mus-tel'-e-de, s.pl. A family of carnivorous quadrupeds, as weasels, martens, polecats, &c. Musteline, mus'-te-lui, a. Pertaining to animals of the Weasel family. Muster, mus'-tvr, v.a. To collect or assemble troops, persons, or things. — v.n. To meet in one place. — s. An assembling of troops for review; act of col¬ lecting.—Jo pass muster, to pass through inspection. — Muster-hook, a book in which forces are registered.— Muster-mnster, one who takes an account of troops and of military apparatus.— Muster-roll, a roll or re¬ gister of troops. Mustily, mus'-te-U, ad. Mouldily ; sourly. Mustiness, mws'-te-ncs, s. The quality of being musty or sour. Musty, mu^-te, a. Mouldy ; sour; stale ; spiritless. Mutability, mew-td-biV-e-te, s. Changeableness; in¬ stability. Mutable, meuf-td-bl, a. Susceptible of change; un¬ stable. Mutableness, mew'-td-bl-nes, s. Changeableness» in¬ stability. Mutably, metiZ-td-ble, ad. In a mutable manner, Mutage, 7neir'-taje, 8. A process for checking fermen¬ tation in the must of grapes. Mutation, tnu-ta'-shun, 8. The act or process of changing. filvTR, mewt, &. Silent; not uttering words; dumb.— In grammar, not sounded. — 8. A person who cannot speak, or who remains silent; a person employed by undertakers to stand before the door of a house, the dung of fowls.—In gramtuar, a letter that represents no sound — v.n. To eject the contents of the bowels, as birds. Mutely, meiot'-le, ad. Silently; without uttering words. Mutenfss, 8 . Silence; forbearance in speak- A large, red, braw’iiy A leg of mutton properly Mutilate, mew'-te-late, v.a. To cut off a limb or essen-* tlal part of an animal body. Mutilation, meto-te-la'-shun, s. Th.e act of mutilating. Mutilator, meuZ-te-la-tur, s. One who mutilates. Mutilous, a. Mutilated; defective. Mutineer, meto-te-neer', s. One guilty of mutiny. Muting, mewt'-iiig, s. The dung of birds. Mutinous, mew'-te-nus, a. Turbulent; seditious. Mutinously, mev/-te-nu8-le, ad. Seditiously; turbu- lently. Mutinoosness, meto'-te-nus-nes, s. The state of being mutinous. Mutiny, meu/-te-ne,%. An insurrection of soldiers or seamen agaimst their commanders.— Mutiny Act, an act passed annually, specifying military and naval offences, and the penalties attacliing to them. — V n. To rise against lawful authority. Mutter, mut'-ter, v.n. To utter words v/ith a low voice; to murmur. — v.a. To utter with imperfect articulations. — 8. Murmur ; obscui*e utterance. Mutterer, mul'-ter-er, s. A grumbler. Mutterinolt, mut'-ter-ing-le, ad. With a low voice. Mutton, muVtn, s. The fiesh of sheep ; t a sheep. Mutton-chop, mut'tn-tchop, s. A nb of mutton for broilmg. Mutton-fist, mufin-Jist, s. hand. Mutton-ham, mut'tn-ha^n, s. cured. Mutty-pal, mut'-te-pal, s. A resinous exudation from the Alianthus Malaharicus. Mutual, mewt'-tchu~ul, a. Reciprocal; given and re¬ ceived. Mutuality, mewt-tchu-aV e-te, s. Reciprocation. Mutually, 7newt'-tchu-al-le, ad. Reciprocally. Mutuation,+ mewt-Uhn-a'-shun, s. Act of borrowing. Mutuatitious,! mew-tclm-d-tish' -us, a. Taken from some other; borrowed. Mutule, mewt'-ule, s. (Fr.y In architecture, a project¬ ing block under tlie corner of the Doric cornice. Mdxy, a. Dirty; gloomy Muzzle, muz'zl, s. The mouth of anything; a fasten¬ ing for the mouth which hinders from biting ; the ex¬ treme end or mouth of a gun or any piece of ordnance. — v.a. To fasten the mouth to prevent biting; to re¬ strain from hurt. • v.n. To bring the mouth near. Muzzled, muz'zld, pp. of the verb to muzzle. Muzzy, muz'-ze, a. Absent in mind ; forgetful, dream • ing. My, pron. a. Belonging to me. Myadje, mi'-d-de, s.pl. In conchology, a family of Mol- lusca, consisting of gaping bivalves, with well-defined teeth. Mycetes, mi-se'-tes, s. A genus of the largest sized monkeys of America, commonly called the Howlers, from the loud sounds of their voices. Mylodon, mil'-o-dun, s. An extinct edentate animaL Mvnchen, min'-tcheyi, s. (Sax.) A nun. MyNCHERf,t niin'-tche-re,^. A nunnery. Mynheer, min-ttr', s. A Dutchman. Myooraphical, mi-o-graf*-e-kal, a. Descriptive of the muscles. Myooraphist, mi-og'-rd-fist, s. One who describes the muscles. Myography, 8. A description of the ani¬ mal muscles. Myological, mi-o-Xe of the eve. Myositis, mi-o-si'-tis, s. Inflammation of the muscles. Myotomy, mi-ot'-o-me, s. Dissection of the muscles. Mtriajj, mir'-e-ad, s. An immense number ; ten thou¬ sand. Myriametre, mir-e-am'-e-tr, s. (Fr.) Ten thrusand metres. Myriapod, mir'-e-d-pod, s. An order (»f insectc having many feet. MYEIAROH AIyriajich, mir'-e'Hrkf s. A commander oi’ ten thou¬ sand men. Myricace^, mir-e^Jca'-se’e, s.pl. An order of Exoge¬ nous plants, of which the Jilyrica, or Candleberry Myrtle, is the type. ‘Iyricine, mir'-e-siyiy s. The substance of bees’-wax digested in alcohol. Mtriopoda, mir-e-ojZ-e-rffl, ) s.pl. In zoology, a class Myr lopoos, tntr'-e-o-pods, j of the Articulafn, in¬ cluding such as have an indeterminate number of .I'ointed feet. ]\1yriorama, mir-e-o-r'd^-miif 8. Views of objects in numbers indefinite. Myrmidon, vmr'-rne-don^ s. A desperate soldier or ruffian under some daring leader, so called from the Myrmidons who accompanied Achilles to the Trojan war. Myrmidonian, mir-tne-do'-ne-anjti. Eihe to myrmidons. JItrobalan , mir-oh'-o-lan, s. A name applied to certain dried fmits from India. hlY’RoPOLisT,-^ mi-rop'-o-listy 8. One who sells unguents. Myrrh, tnzr, s. An inspissated sap, or gum resin, the product of a small tree found in Nubia and Arabia jFelix. Myrrhine, mir'-rin, a. Made of the murrhine stone. MYRTACE.E, mir-ta'-se-e, s.pl. A natural order of I’lxogenous plants, consisting of trees and shrubs, of which the BlyrUis, or Myrtle, is the type. Myrtiform, viir'-te-fawriii, a. Resembling myrtle. Myrtle, mir’tl, s. An evergreen shrub of the genus myrtus. Kyrtle-berrt, mir'il-ber'-ref s. The fruit of the myrtle. Myrtle-wax, mi)’'tl~waks, s. A concrete oil or vege¬ table wax. Myself, mi-self. pron. A compound Qf my and self. Mystagogue, wis'-Wi-g'Of/, s. One who interprets mys¬ teries. Mysterial, mis-t^-re-al, a. Containing a mystery or enigma. Mysteriarch, mis^t^-re-ark, s. One who presides over mysteries. Mysterious, mis-te'-re-us, a. Kid from the under¬ standing; not revealed ; obscure; incomprehensible. Mysteriously, mis-te'-re-us-le, ad. Enigmatically. Mysteriousness, jni8-te'-re-us-7ies, s. Obscurity. Mysterize, 7nis'-ter-ize, v.a. To express in enigmas. I^Iystery, mis'-te-re, s. Something not comprehensible , an enigma; a kind of rude drama, of a religious cha¬ racter; a trade. Mystic^ mis'-tik, 8. One who holds the doctrines 0 i mysticism. Mystic, la. Obscure; secret; remote Mystical, mis'-te-kal,j from human comprehension; allegorical. Mystically, mis'-te-kal-le, ad. In a manner implying secrecy. . ^ ^ . Mysticalness, 8. The quality of being mystical. Mysticism, mis'-te-siz^n, 8. The doctrine of the Mystics, obscurity. Mystics, mis'-tiks, s.pl. A class of religious peimle who profess to have direct intercourse Yvith the Spirit of God ^ . Mystification, 7nis te-/e-Ka'-shtm, B. The rendering anything mysterious. Mystify, mis'-te fi, v.a. To Involve in mystery. Myth, mi/A, 8. A fictitious or fanciful naiTative. Mythic, mith'-ik, \ a. Pertaining to a myth, fa- Mtthical, miZA'-e-AaZ, j bulous. Mythically, mith’-e-kal-le, ad. Fabulously. Mythoorapher, mith-o^-rd-fer, s. A writer of fables. Mythological, viith-o-lof-e-' 0 ogy ; fabulous. Mythologically, mith-o-lof -e-kaX-le, ad. Fabulously. Mytholoqist, 7n\th-ol'-o-Jist, 8. One versed in myth- ology. Mythologize, mith-oV-ofize, v.n. To explain fabulous history. Mythology , mith-ol'-o-je, s. A system of fables respect¬ ing the deities which heathen nations, especially the Greeks, have supposed to preside over the world. Mtthoplasm, mith'-o-plazm, 8. A narration of mere fable. Mytilite, mitf-e-lite, 8. In geology, a petrified muscle Mytblus, 8. A genus of tht Mussel. Mtzon, i. A fish of the mullet kind. loJ'-e-kal,a.. Relating to myth- he Mollusca, the ■\T Ls the fourteenth letter of the English alphabet, and a nasal articulaticn. After m it is silent, or nearly 80 , as in hymn and condemn. N- is used as an abbre¬ viation oi north i N.E. stands for north-east i N.W. for 7iorth-west i N.N.E. ior north-noi-th-east ; K.N.W. for north-north-ivest, &c. N.K. stands for nota beiif (observe well); and N.S. for neiv style. Nab, nab, s. The summit of a mountain. {Local.) — v.a. To catch suddenly. (Low.) Naiiee, nd-bee', s. A powerful poison made in the East Indies, from the Aconitwn ferox. Nabit, na’-bit, s. Powdered sugar-candy. Nabob, na'-bob, or nd-bob', s. A deputy or viceroy m India ; a man of great wealth. Nacarat, nak' d-7'at, s. A pale red colour; a fine linen or crape dyed of this colour. Nacre, iia'-ker, s. Mother-of-pearl; a beautiful irides¬ cent substance, which lines the interior of shells. Nacreous, na'-kre-us, a. Having an iridescent lustTG.-— Ncutcous shells are those which have an exterior or interior layer of mother-of-pearl. Nacrite, na'-krite, 8. A mineral consisting of pearly Nadir, 8. That point of the heavens or lower hemisphere directly opposite to the zenith. Nadle-stein, na'dl-stein, 8. Needle-stone; rutile. Ns3ve, neve, s. A natural spot or mark on infants. NiEvosE,ne'-vose, a. Spotted; freckled. Naff, naf, s. A kind of tufted sea-fowl. Nag, nag, s. A small sprightly horse. Naogy, nag'-e, a. Contentious; disposed to quarrcL {Local.) NAHOOR,7ui-7ioor',s. A.species of wild sheep found in Nepaul. Naiads, na'-j/aeZs, s.pl. In mi/ZZioZo^y, water nymphs.— In conchology, a family of fresh-water bivalves.—In bota?iy, an order of Endogenous aquatic plants. Naiant, na'-e-ant, a. In heraldry, representing fishes swimming in a horizontal position. Naib, 7id'-ib, a. A deputy law officer in an Indian court of justice. Nail, nale, s. The homy substance at the end of th^ human fingers and toes ; the claw or talon of an ani- maJ ; a small pointed piece of metal, to be driven into a board or other piece of timber; a measure of length. — Nail-brush is a toilet brush for cleaning the finger- naiU.— Nail-file, a small file for smoothing the finger¬ nails. — v.a. To fasten with nails; to spike. Nailer, na'-Zer, s. A maker of nails. Nailery, na'-ler-e, s. A manufactory where nails are made. Nainsook, 7iane^-sook, s. A thick sort of jaconet muslin, formerly made in India. Naissant, na'-sant, a. In heraldry, applied to an ani¬ mal issuing out of the midst of some ordinary, and shoMung only the fore-parts of his body. Naive, na'cwc, a. (Fr.) Having unaffected simplicity, ingenuous. Naively, nrtVre-Ze, ad. "With unaffected simplicity. NaIvetb, 7ia'ev-ta, 8. Native simplicity; mgenuous- Naked, na*-ked, a. Uncovered ; bare; exposed ; having no clothes on; open to view , not concealed; destitute of worldly goods; exposed to. shame and disgrace; without disguiNe, ornament, or exaggeration. Nakedly, na'-ked-le, ad. Without covering ; simply. Nakedness, na’-ked~7ies, s. Nudity; bareness; open¬ ness to view. Namby-pamby, 7iam'-he-pam’-be, s. or a. Contemptible for affected prettiness. Name, 7ia77ie, s. That by which a thing is called ; the discriminative appellation of an individual; reputa tion; renovNTi.—In g7'ammar, a noun.— Christian na77it the baptismal name. — v.a. To give an appellation to; to speak of by name; to designate. Nameless, na77i^-tes, a. W^ithout a name ; unknouTi. Namelesslt, na77ie'-le9-le, ad. Without a name. Namely, name'-le, ad. Pai'tirularly. Namer, na'-7ner, 8. One who calls by name. Namesake, namel-sake, 8. One having the same nam* as another. Namiholt, no'ad. Byname NANDU [ 631, ] NATURALIZATION Nandu, nan'-dUy %. The American ostrich* Nankeens nan-keen', s. A species of Cloth from China, made ot a sort of yellowish cotton. Nap, nap, s. A short sleep or slnmher; the woolly or villous substance ou the surface of cloth ; the downy substance on plants. — v.n. To haye a short sleep; to be careless. Nape, nape, s. The hind part of the neck, Napeolonite, na-pe-ol'-o-nite, s. A variety of feldspar. Napery4 naf per-ty s. Table-cloths or linen «lotii in general. Naphtha, nap'-thCi, s A YolatiJe, limpid, bituminous liquid, and Tory inflammable, which exudes from the ground in various parts of the Naphtha lamp, a table-lamp constructed to burn naphtha.—Nap/UA///«c acid, a crystalline product obtained from naphthaline. Naphthaline, nap'-thd-liu, s. A white substance ob¬ tained from naphtha. Napiform, na'-pe-fawrm, a. Having the shape of a turnip. Napkin, nap'-kin, 8. A cloth for ■wiping the hands ; a towel. Napless, nap'-lee, a. Without nap ; threadbare. Naples-tellow, na'pls-yel'-lo, s. A fine yellow pigment, NT A T>/\T t:.,-, VT A 7.... ... .. A TO ..l_ , J ... ....... J ....w .. A French gold coin of Napoleon, na-po'-le-un, s. the value of twenty francs. Napolite, na'-po-lit.e, s. A blue mineral from Vesuvius. Nappal, ?iap'-p«Z, s. Soap rock. Nappiness, nap'-pe-nes, s. The quality of being sleepy; abundance of nap, as on cloth. Nappy, nap'-pe, a. Frothy ; spumy. Nap-takino, nap'-ta-king, s. or a. Taking by sui’prise. Narceine, niir'-se-in, s. An alkaloid obtained from opium. Narcissus, ndr-sis'-sus, 8. (Lat.) In botany, a genus of bulbous-rooted plants, comprising the daflfodals, jon¬ quils, &c.—In mythology, the name of a self-enamoured youth. Narcosis, ndr-ko'-eie, s. The effect of a narcotic; stu- pefaction; deprivation of sense. Narcotic, n'dr-kot'-ik, s. or a. A medicine which allays morbid susceptibility and produces sleep ; but, in excessive doses, produces death. Narcotine, na?*'-Ao tin,^. The active narcotic principle of opium. Narcotism, nar'-ko-tizm, s. The effect of a narcotic; state of stupefaction or drowsiness. Nard, ndr(l, %. An aromatic plant, the spikenard. Nardine, n’di’'-din, a. Pertaining to nard or spikenard. Nabgheel, n'drg'-hele, s. A small hookah-pipe. Nahgil, ndr'-gil, s. A name of the cocoa-nut tree in Southern In^ia. Nariform, nar'-e-faicrm, a. Formed like the nose. Narrable,!: nar'-rd-bl, a. That may be related or told. Narrate, nar-ratef, v.a* To tell, recite, or write, as a story. Narration, nar-ra'-ehun, s. A statement in words or writing. Narrative, nar'-rd-Hv, a. Relating an event or story. — s. The recital of a story or event. Narrator, 7iar~ra'-tur, s. One who narrates. Narr 9 w, nar'-ro, a. Not wide or broad.—Figurativehj, straitened.—Not liberal; contracted; barely suffi¬ cient to avoid evil.— Narrow cloths, in the woollen trade, ai’e those which are under thirty-two inches wide, those above that width being called broad cloths.— Narrow gauge, in railways, is when the rails are placed 4 it. 8 in. apart. — v.a. To lessen the breadth of; to contract in extent; to draw into a smaller compass; to confine. — v.n. To become less broad ; to confract. Narrower, nar'-ro-er, s. The person or thing which narrows. Narrowing, nar'-ro-ing, s. The act of narrowing. Narrowly, nar'-ro-Je, ad. With little breadth; closely. Narrow-minded, nur'-ro-mme'-rfed, a. Illiberal; mean- spirited. Narro'w-mindedness, nar'-ro-mine^-ded-nes, s. lUiber- ality. Narro'W'ness, nai^-ro-nes, s. Smallness of breadth or distance; contractedness; smallness of estate; illiberality. Narrows, nar'-roze, s.pl. A narrow passage through a mountain, or narrow channel of waW; a strait. Narrow-sighted, nar'-ro-si'-ted, a. Having a narrow sight. Nar-vvhal, Mdr'-ir/iW, s. A cetaceous mammal found in tlie northern seas; the l^Tonodon monoceros. Nasal, na'-zal, a. Pertaining to the nose. — s. A letter whose sound is effected by the nose • a medicine that operates through the nose; an errhine. Nasalis, n&sa'-lis, s. The Proboscis monkey, remark¬ able for its enormous nose. Nasality, na-zal'-e-te, s. The state of being nasal. Nasalize, na'-zal-ize, v.a. To render nasal, as sound. Nasally, na'-zal-le, ad. Through the nose. NA8C.4.L, nas'-kal, s. A kind of inedicated pessary. Nascency, nas'-sen-se, s. Beginning of production. Nascent, nas'-sent, a. Beginning to exist or grow. Nasicornous, naz'-e-kawr-nuSy a. Having a horn on the nose. Nasiform, naz'-e-fawrm, a. Having the shape the nose, Nassin* nru'-je-ne, 8. A 9ub-family of the Of which the Au^sa is the type. Nastily, ad. Filthily; obscenely. Nastiness, nas'-te-nes, s. Extreme filthiness ; obscenity. Nasturtium, nas-tur'-she-um, s. A name applied to tlie water-cress and allied plants. Nasty, nas'-te, a. Very dirty, or defiled ; obscene. Nasute, nn'-sxite, a. Critically nice ; captious. Natal, na'-taly a. Pertaining to birth. Natalitial, 7ia-tal-ish'-al, a. Pertaining to one’s birthday. Natals, na'-taJs, s.pl. Time and place of natmty. Natant, na'-tanty a. Swimming; floating on the surface. » >= Natantbs, 7ia-tan'-tesy s.pl. A tribe of Corallines. Natantly, na'-taiit-le, ad. In a floating manner. Natation,4 na-ta'-shun, s. The act of swimming. Natatores, 7ia-td-to'-res, s.pl. The name of an order of bu'ds, the Smmming birds, or Falmapedes of some zoological systems. Natatorial, na-td-to'-re-aly a. Adapted to swimming. Natatory, na'-td-tur-Sy a. Enabling to swim. Natch, natsh, s. Part of an ox between the loins. NathlesSj^ nath'-les, ad. Nevertheless. NathmorEjJ nath’-more, ad. Not the more. Nation, na'-shun, s. A body of people inhabiting the same country ; emphatically, a gi*eat number. National, nash'-un-al, a. Common to a nation; public • attached to one’s o^vn country.— Guards, tlie militia of France.— National School is a free school for children, who are usually taught on the Lancastrian system. Nationalism, nash'-un-al-izm, s. The state of being national. ® Nationality, iiash-un-aV-e-te, s. National character. Nationalize, nash'-un-al-ize, v.a. To make national. Nationally, nash'-un-al-le, ad. In regard to the nation. Nationalness, nash' un-al-nes, s. State of being national. ® Native, na'-tiv, a. Produced by nature; natural; con¬ ferred by bfrth; born wjth ; congenial.—Native iron, a massive ore with minute crystalline grains, free from carbon, found in Liberia. — 8. One born in any place. Natively, na'-tiv-le, ad. By birth; naturally. Nativeness, tia'-tiv-nes, s. State of being produced by nature. ^ Nativity, fid-tiv'-e-te, s. Birth ; coming into life; time, place, and manner of birth.—In astrology , a represen tation of the positions of the heavenly bodies at the moment of a man’s birth. Natrolite, na'-trol-ite, s. A zeolite. Natroj^ na'-trun, s. Native carbonate of soda, ein- plftryed in the manufacture of glass, soap, &c. Natty, naf-te, a. Neatly fine ; spruce. {ColloqxUal.) Natural, nat'-tchu-ral, a. Produced or effected by nature ; not artificial; not far-fetched ; according to the life ; consonant to nature ; affectionate by nature unaffected ; unassumed; illegitimate; native; ver¬ nacular.—A 7iatural note, in music, is that -which is according to the usual order of the scale.— history is a description of the earth and its produc¬ tions.— orders of plants are gi'oups of genera resembling each ofhor.—^Natural philosophy,x^o study of nature m general. — s. An idiot. Natur^ism, naf-chu-ral-izm, s. Mere state of nature, supernatup^ agency in scriptural Naturalist, naf-tchu-ral-ist, s. One versed in natural history and physics. Naturalization, nat-tch^i-i'dl-e-za'-shun, s. The act NATURALIZE [ 635 ] NECKTIE of iDTegtmg an alien with the rights of a native sub¬ ject or citizen. Naturalize, nat'-tchu-ral-ixe, v.a. To confer on an alien the rights and privileges of a native subject or citizen ; to make natural; to adapt to a different cli¬ mate. Naturallv, nof'-tcftii-rai-ie, ad. According to nature; spontaneously. Naturalness, naf-tchu-ral-neSj s. Conformity to nature. Naturals, nat'-tchu-rals, s.pl. 'Whatever belongs naturally to an animal. Nature, na'-tchur, s. The system of created things ; the universe ; all creation ; the essence, attributes, or regular course of things ; constitution; species ; par¬ ticular character. NAUFiLAGE,t naio’-fraje, s. (Fr.) Siilpwreck. Naught, nawf, s. Nothing.—To set at naught, to dis regard. — ad. In no degree. ^ T^ortlilcss. Naughtily, naiv'-te-le^ ad. Wickedly; corruptly. Naughtiness, naw'-te-nes, s. Badness ; wickedness. Naughty, naw'~tey a. "Wicked ; perverse. NAULAGE,t nawl'-we, s. Freight of passengers in a ship. Naumachy, naiv'-m&~ke, s. Sea-fightmg, or its repre¬ sentation. Nauscopy, nau)'-sho-pe, s. The art of discovering the approach of ships. ^ Nausea, nati/-she-a, s. (Lat.) Sea-sickness, or that state of the stomach which is accompanied with a propensity to vomit; qualm. . Nauseant, naw'-she-antf s. A substance producing nausea. Nauseate, naio'-she-ate, v.n. To become squeamish. — v.a To loathe or reject with disgust. Nauseation, naio-sne-a’-shun, s. Act of nauseating. Nauseous, naw'-she-us, a. Loathsome ; disgustful. Nauseously, naw'-she-us~le, ad. Loathsomely. Nauseousness, naio'-she~tis~7ies, s. Loathsomeness. Naut, 7iawt, s. A marine measure of length, about IJ mile, used in the Mediterranean. Nautic, nato'-itA:, \ a. Pertaining to seamen or Nautical, naw'-te-kal, ( navigation. Nautilid.®, s.pl. In conchology, a, family of Cephalopods, of which the Nautilus is the type. Nautilite, naw'-te-lite, 8. A fossil nautilus. Nautilotd, naw'-te'-loyd, a. Resembling the nautilus in form. Nautilus, yiaw’-tedus, s. (Lat.) The name of a small genus of cephalopodous Mollusca. Naval, na'-val, a. Pertaining to ships or to a navy. Nave, nave, s. The middle or body of a church, ex¬ tending from the baluster or rail of the choir to the principal entrance.—In ^nechanics, the thick piece of timber in the centre of a wheel, in which the spokes are inserted. Navel, na'vly s. The centre of the lower part of the abdomen.— Navel-strvw, the umbilical cord. Navettb, nh-vet\ s. (Pr.) A smaller kind of Colza, cultivated in France for the seed, which produces oil. Navicelle, 7iav~e-seVy s. (Fr.) A kind of small ship. Navicular, 7id-vik'-u-lar, a. Relating to small ships or boats; shaped like a boat.—In anatomyy the Clavicular hone is the scaphoid bone of the wrist. Navigable, nav'-e-gA-bl, a. That may be navigated. _ Navigableness, 1 8. State of being Navigability, nav-e-gd-hil'-e-te, j navigable. Navigably, nav'-e-gd-'bley ad. In a navigable manner. Navigate, nai/ e-gate, v.n. To pass on water in ships ; to sail. — v.a. To pass over in ships; to steer, or manage in sailing. Navigation, nav-e-ga'-shtin, s. The act of navigating, or the science or art of conducting vessels from one place to another; ships in general.—AeWa? navigation, the act or art of passing through the air in balloons. Navigator, nav'-e-ga-tur, s. One who directs the course of a ship; a navvy, which see. Navvy, p.av'-ve, 8. A labourer employed in cutting canals, earthworks, &c.; a contraction of navigator. Navy, naf-n^ s. A fleet of shi^; the ships of war be¬ longing to a nation, or the officers and men.—Navy- bills are bills issued by the Admiralty in payment of stores for ships and dockyards. Nawab, nd-vab\ s. A title' given by courtesy to persons of high rank in India ; viceroy of a province. ) Nawi.,^: naudy s. An awl. Nay, nay, ad. A term expressive of negation » re¬ fusal ; no ; not only so; not this alone. — s. Denial; refusal. Nayword,$ nay'-wurd., s. A bye-word; a watch-word. Nazarene, 7iaz-rt-re6n’', s. A term applied in contempt to some of the early converts to Christianity; an early Judaizing Christian. Njvzarite, naz'-d-rite, s. A Jew who bound Idmself to extraordinary purity of life. Nazaritism, naz-fi-rit izm, s. The practice of a Naza- rite. Naze, naze, 8. A cliff or headland Ne,^ nee, ad. Neither; not. Nead-end, need'-end, s. A trade name for the show* end of woollen cloths, kerseymeres, &c. NEALjt neel, v.a or v.n. To temper and reduce to a due consistence by heat; to he tempered by heat. See Anneal. Neap, neep, a. An epithet applied to the tides; thus Neap-tides are those which happen near the first and last quarters of the moon. Neaped, neept, a. Left aground; wanting sufficient depth of water. Near, neer, a. Not far distant; closely related ; united in close ties; inclined to covetousness ; liters; nex^ to one, as the near horse. — ad. Almost; within a little. — V.a. To approach; to come neai*er. — v.n. To draw near. Near-sighted, neer-si'-ted, a. Short-sighted. Near-sightedness, neer-si'-ted-nes, s. Short sighted¬ ness. Nearest, neer' est, a. Shortest; most direct. Nearly, neer'-le, ad. At no great distance; closely; almost; in a niggardly manner. Nearness, neer'-nes, s. Closeness; propinquity; parsi¬ mony. Neat, neet, s. Cattle of the bovine genus. — a. Very clean; nice, cleanly, or spruce \ unadulte¬ rated ; clear of the cask, &c., as neat weight.— Neat cattle are animals of the ox kind ; kine. Neatherd, neetf-lierd, s. A cow-keeper. Neatly, neet'-le, ad. "With neatness, or good taste nicely. Neatness, neet'-nes, s. Exact cleanliness , purity. Neat’s-foot Oil, neets’-fut oyl, s. Oil of calves’ feet. Neb, neb, s. The nose; the beak of a bird; nib of a pen. Nebula, neb'-u-Id, s.; pi. Nebulae. (Lat.) A white Spot or slight opacity of the cornea.—In astronomy, a name given to those faint and misty appearances which are dimly seen in the heavens. Nebular, neb'-u-lar, a. Pertaining to nebulae. See Nebulous. Nebulosity, 9ieb-u-los'-e-te, s. State of being cloudy or hazy. Nebulous, neb'-u-lus, a. Cloudy ; hazy.—In astronomy, having the appearance of a nebula. Necessarian, ne-ses-sa'-re-an, ) s. An advocate for Necessitarian, ne-ses-sc-«luding such antaa^ of tli»t cla^s as haye tlie nervous filaments distinctly trace- NeS^con., nem kony for 7iemine contradiceiite. (Lat.) No one opposing; unanimously. , Nemesis, nem'-e^sis, 8. In mythologyy one of the infernal deities, the goddess of venge^ce. Nemocera., ne-i>ios'-e^rd 8. In zoology^ a family oi Dipterous insects. , . j x Nemolite, neni'-o-lite, 8. An arborized stone. Nemokal, nem'-o-raly a. Pertaining to a wood. Nemoroi'S, nem'-o-ru-s a. Woody. Nenuphar, nen'-n-faryS. The great water-lily. Neooamist, ne-og'-d-tnisty s. A person recently married. Neolooical, ne-o-lof-^-kal, a. Employing new words. Neologically, ne-o-lof-e-kal-Uj ad. In a neological NM^OGm., ne-ol'-o-jizm, 8. The introduction of new ■words or new doctrines. . Ceolooist, iie-ol'-'O-jisty a. An introducer of new Neoi.ooization, ne-ol-o-je-za'-shuiiy s. Act of neolo xIofoGWE, ne-ol'-o-jize, v.n. To introduce new terms. nIolS^t , s. The introduction of new words ; rSrionallstic views in theology. [new laws. Neonomia-n, ne-o-no'-me-an, s. One who advocates Neophyte, nc-o-fite, s. A new convert or proselyte. NeotLic, nc- 0 -er/-A, a. New; recent m origin. — 6 One of modern times. Nep neo. s. A plant, catmint or catmp. . NlpAOL-kpER, i«-pe.«,i'-pa'-prr 8, A strong unsized paper made in Nepaul from the pulverized bark of s. A drug that relieves pain Nepenthes, ne-peii'-thez, s. A genus of remarkable nlants ; the Pitcher plant. , ^ , x -.r Nepheline, nef'-e-liny 8. A mineral found at Vesuvius. Nephew, nef'-Uy or nev'-u, s. Son of a brother or sister. NEPBrALo.l, ne-fral'^e-A’.s. . A disease of the kidneys. tjpphrite A mineral. Np™P.iTic, nV/nr-iit,a. Pertaining to the organs of urine' relieving disorders of the kidneys. _ s A medicine for relieving diseases of the kidneys. Nephritis, m-fri'-tis, s. In pathology, an inflammauon Nephro SL^.T/'-Po-seie, s. Hernia of the kidneys Nephrography, ne-frog'-rh-fe, s. A description of the Nephroid, ne/'-roi/d, a. Kidney-shaped. Nfphroloot, ne-ft'oV-o-j^y s. A treatise on the kidneys. Nephrotomy, ne-/ro^'-G-me, s. In surgeryy the extract- ini: a stone from the kidney by cutting. Nepotism, nep'-o-tizm, 8. Vndne favouritism shown to nephews and other relatives. Nepotist, nep'-o-tisty s- One who practises nepotism. Neptune, nep' tunHy s. A large planet beyond i/ranus. —In 7 nvthology, the god of the ocean. _ Neptunian, nep-teiv'-iie-ajiy a. Pertaining to the oce^ or sea ; formed by water or aqueous geology, the Neptunian t?it^ory refers the formation of rocks and strata to the agency of wate^ Neptunian tiep-tew'-ne-atiy i 8. One who adopts the Nlp^ 0 Nls?, Mi?'««-nis«, I theory- that the whole earth was once covered with water. Nereid, MS'-re-id, s. In mythology, a sea-nymph. Nerite, „er'-i<, s. A moUusk of the genus nerita, and of Nerou ™er’^-^irs’"'^e essential oil of orange flowers. Nerve n,-re, s. An organ of sensation and motion m animalsV strength ; armness of body; fortitude; courage.-In anatomy, \.\\e nerves are white cords arising from the brain or spinal marrqn, and to- tributld in pairs to every part of the anim^ Jhe bein*' distinguished as the centraly the spinal, s.nd the respi^ratory nerves ; the last of which spring from the mSlulla .Dblongata. The sympathetic "eive is a collection of ganglia and branches connected with almost every nerve in the frame. — v.a. To give strength or vigour. Nerved, iierrd, pp. or a. Full of vigour. Nerveless, gerv'-les, a. Destitute of strength ! Nervine, ner'-vm,s. ora. A medicine that operates on NERvor"ne>^-«'‘», a. Strong; vigorous ; pertaining to or affecting the nerves, as weakness or disease . easily agitated (coUoqnially). [with agitation. Nervously, ad. Witli strength or vigour, jfiCzRvousNEsa, ner'-vus-nes, 8. Strength; force; weak- neitS of the nervet {colloquial). Nervdre, ner^-vure, s. In botofiy, veins of leaves, and, in entomology, the corneous divisions in the wings of Nervy, t ner'-ve, a. Strong ; vigorous. [insects. Nescience, nesh'-e-ense, s. Want of knowledge. Nescient, nes/i'-e-eni, a. Ignorant of. - , Nest nest, s. The place or bed formed by a bird for in¬ cubation ; abode; any place where irration^ animals are produced.—is an egg left in the nest to prevent the hen from forsaking it.—A number of boxes or cases inserted in each other. — v.n. To build and occupy a nest. Nestle, nes'l, v.n. To settle ; to lie close and snug. — v.a. To house, as in a nest; to cherish. Nestling, nest'-ling, s. A young bird from the nest. — a. Newly hatched. . . x. . t - x Nestorian, nes-to’-re~any 8. In ecclesiastical history, a follower of Nestorius, patriarch of Cpnstimtiiiopie. Net, /ie<,s. An instrument for catching hsh, birds, or wild beasts, formed with twine or thread interwoven with meshes ; a cunning device ; a snare. — v.a. To make into a net or network; to produce clear profit. [tare and tret. — a. Neat; unadulterated, as spirits; clear ot all Nether, neth'-er, a. Lower; opposed to upper; be¬ longing to the regions below. Nethermost, ne/A'-tfr-woiii, a. Lowermost. [protlt. Netted, net'-ted, pp. or a. Reticulated ; gained as clear Netting, net'-ing, 8. A piece of netw 9 rk.—iS««mgr- case, a lady’s case to keep needles, netting materials, cotton &.e.—Nettmg-needle a long needle, with a sUt at each end to pass the thread through, used by females for netting. . Nettle, net'tl, s. A plant of the genus Urtica, whose prickles fret the shin.—Nettle-cloth, a new German material, consisting of a very thick tissued cotton, japanned and prepared as a substitute for leather.— Nettle-rash, nn eruption upon the skin, much resem¬ bling the sting of a nett\e,^NeUle-tree, a tree nearly allied to the elm. . [pleasure. — va To fret or sting; to excite sensations ot dis- Nettleb, neftler, s. One who provokes or iiTitates. Network., net’-wurk. s. A complication of threads, forming interstices between the intersections. Neuralgia, new-ral'-je-d, is. "An idiopathic pam Ol a Neuralgv, neui-ror-j-'e, ) nerve of sensation. Neuralgic, netv-ral'^jik, a. Pertaining to uei^ 3 -|gia. Neurastheny, s. Nervous debility. ^ Neurilemma, neiv-re-lem’-md, s. The membrane which invests the substance of the nerves, and forms tor each filament a distinct sheath. [the nerves. Neurine, new'-rin, s. The substance which constitutes Neuritis, new-ri'-tis, s. Iiitlaiumation of the nerves. Neurography, 8. A description of the nerves. . . ecology. Neurological, n«t4>-ro-io/-e-A:G^ a. Pertaining to neu- Nburologist, new-rol'-o-jisiy s. A desenber of the nerves Neurology, neiv-rol'-o-je,s. A description of the nerves. Neuroma, 8. A tumour formed in or upon a nervous trunk. , . , ^ Neuboptera, new-ro^-te-rd, s.pl. A class of insects having four transparent membranous wings tur- nished with many nerves. ^ x??* Neurosis, new-r&-sis, 8. A morbid affection of the Neubospast, new'-ro-spast, s. A figure put in motion. Neurotic, new-rot'-ik, a. Relating to the nerves. — s. A medicine useful in disorders of the ne^es. N eurotom y , new-rot'-o-me, s. Dissection of the nerves, whence, Neurotomical, and Neurotoinist. ^ Neuter, 7 iew'-ter, a. Not adhering to, or taking with either side.—In grammar, of neither gender, neither masculine nor feminine. neitncr mascuiiuc uui — 8 A person who takes no part in a contest; an ani¬ mal of neither sesL.—Neuter verb, in grammar, a verb which expresses an action limit‘-d to the subject. Neutral, new'-tral, a. Not engaged on either side; indifferent.—In botany, having neither stamens nor pistils._In painting, neuti'al tint is the faint purple hue which the distant hills are made to assume. ^ — 8. A person or nation that takes no part in a Neutrality, new-tral'-e-te,s. The state of being un¬ engaged in disputes or contests between others; a state”of indifference. . Neutralization, new-tral-e-za-shun, s. The act ol neutralizing, or of reducing to a state of ludifference. Neutralize, neic'-tral-ize, v.a. To render Neutralizer, new'-tral-vzer, s. That which np% traiues. NEUTEALLY [ 638 ] KEMBLE Neutrally, neu/-tral-lty ad. Indifferently Never, nev'-er, ad. Not at any time: in no degree; not.—It is much used in composition; as mver- cemingy 7iever-ending, never-failing, never-sated, never- tiring, &c. Nevektheless, nev^-er-the-les, ad. Not the less; not¬ withstanding ; yet; however. New, new, ‘i. Lately made, invented, produced, or come into being; recently discovered; iresh,or recent. —New is much used in composition, to qualify other words; as New-born, New-coined, New-comer, New- fashioned, New-found, New-invented, New-made, New- modelled, New-red-sandstone, New-Testarnent, New- year’s day, New-year’s gift. New Zealand flax, &c. — v.a. To make new; to renew. Newel, new'-el, s. In architecture, the upright post about vvhich are formed winding stairs. New-fanole, new-fang’gl, v.a. To change by intro¬ ducing novelties. New-fangleo, new-fang'gld, a. Formed with the affec¬ tation of novelty; vain or affected. Newinq, new'-ing, s. Yeast or bann. Newish, new'-ish, a. Somewhat new. Newly, new'-le, ad. Lately ; freshly. Newness, new'-nes, s. Lateness of origin , recentness. News, newz, s. Fi’esh information; tidings; intclli gence; a newspaper.—a boy who can’ies and delivers newspapers.— News-exchange, a central meeting-place for newsvendors. — Netvs-galley, in printing, a long metal frame, to contain columns of type, which are deposited by the compositor, for the purpose of pulling slips in proof.— News-ynonger, one who deals m new'S.— News-vendor, a seller of new's- ^papers.—a contributor to a uew'spaper. Newspaper, newz'-pa-per, s. A sheet of paper printed and distributed at short intervals, for conveying in¬ telligence of passing events. New't, newt, s. A small lizai’d ; an oft. Newtonian, new-to'-ne-an, a. J’ertaiiiing to the astro¬ nomical system of Sir Isaac Newton. — s. A follower of Newton in philosophy. Nexible, neks'-e-bl, a. That may be knit together. Next, nekst, a. ; superl. of Nigh. Nearest in place, time, or degree ; immediately preceding. — ad. At the time or turn nearest. Nib, nib, a. The bill or beak of a bird; the point of anything, particularly of a pen. Nibble, nib'bl, v.a. or v.n. To bite by little at a time ; to carp at; to censure little faults. — 8. A little bite, or seizing to bite. Kibbler, nib'bler, s. One who bites a little at a time. Nibblinoly, yUb’bling-le, ad. In a nibbling manner. Nice, yiise, a. Very pleasant to the taste ; dainty ; delicate; precise; minutely elegant; trivial; unim¬ portant .—To ynake nice, to be scrupulous. Nicely, ad. With delicate perception. Nicene, ni'-scen, a. Pertaining to Nice, a to\\Ti of Asia Minor, where the first and most important general ! council of the Christian Church w'as held, a.d. 325. The Nicene Creed was so called because it was adopted at this council. ] Niceness, nise'-nes, s. Delicacy of perception; excess ] of scrupulousness ; precision. j Nicety, yxise'-te, s. Delicacy of perception ; fastidious¬ ness ; squeamishness ; precision. 3 Niche, nitch, s. A cavity or recess in a wall. NiCK,ntA, s. The exact point of time required by ne- 1 cessity: the critical time; a notch cut into some- I thing; a reckoning; a winning throw.—In/Scendina- vian yyiythology, an evil spirit of the waters, w'hence 1 was derived the vulgar phrase of “ Old Nick.” — v.a. To hit; to touch luckily; to perform by a slight I artifice used at the lucky time; to cut in nicks or notches; to defeat or cozen, as at dice; to make an I incision in a horse’s tail. i Nickel, nik'-el, s. A metal of a reddish-white colour. I Nicking, nik'-ing, s. In farriery, the operation per- I formed on the tail of a horse. i Nicknacks, niHf-naks, s.pl. Small wares ; trifles. Nicknackkry, s. Trifles; toys. I Nickname, nik'-name, s. A name given in derision. — v.a. To give a name of reproach. Nicotian, a. Pertaining to tobacco. I Nicotianine, ni-ko' she-d-nin, s. A poisonous oil ob¬ tained from tobacco. 1 Nicotine, nik-o-tiyi, s. A poisonous alkaloid of a very I acrid taste, obtained from tobacco. I Nictate, nw-faitf, v.n. To wink. T Nictation, i w ; Nictitation, nik-te-ta'-shun, \ Winking. - Nidificate, nid'-e-fe-kate, v.n. To make a nest. - Nidificatiom, md-c-/e-A:a'-s^Mw, 8. The act of building Nidorosity, nt-do-ro5'-e-i<>, s. Eructation. [a nest. - Nidorocs, ni'-do-rus, a. Resembling the smell or taste of roasted meat. r Nidulate, nid'-M-/a, a. Pertaining to the name which precedes a verb. — 8. In ginniwiar, the first case of names or nouns. Nominatively, 7i07ti'-e~nd-tiv-l€, ad. As a nominative. Nominator, now'-c-na-fnr, s. One who nominates. Nominee, no/n-c-nef', s. A person named or designated >y another , one on whose life depends an annuity. NoMr^RAPHY.f nio-7nog'-rd-fe, s. A treatise on laws. Nomoikete, noni'-o-thete, s. A lawgiver. [laws. NomothJT ic, no7n-o-thet'-ik, a. Legislative; enacting Non, non, \d. (Lat.) Not; an adverbial prefix, for giving a negative sense to multitudes of words, as non- essential, nsn-resident, &c.; but a few only (and those in most general use) can be given in a dictionary. ^onabilitt, no7%-&-biL'-e-te, s. A want of ability. Non-accedino, nGn-ak-sn-A:o-np'-zAi/n, s. AVant of coliesion. Non-coincident, non-ko-m'-se~de.nt, a. Not coincident. Non-com.missioned, no7i-ko7n-7Hish' xmd,{i. Not having a commission. [committed or pledged. Non-committal, nim-kom-77iit’ Ud, s. The not being Non-communion, 7ion-koi7i-77ieto’-ne-xiny s. Neglect o? communion. [pliance. Non-com PL I AjTCE, noxi-koxyi-pli'-axise, s. Neglect of com- Non-com-plying, 7io7i-ko7n-pli'-i7ig, a. Neglecting to comply. [concur non-concurrence, no7i-kon-kxir'-rense, s. A reiiisal ta Non-conducting, 7ion-kon-dukt'-ixig, a. Not conducting. Non-conductor, Jioxi-kon-duk’-tur, s. A substance which does not conduct. Non-conforming, non-kon-faiorm'-ixig, a. Not ioining in the established religion. Nonconformist, 7ion-ko7i-fnMr7n'-ist, s. One who does not confonn to an established church. Nonconformity, nm-kon-Sawrin'-e-te, s. Neglect or ^failure of conformity. Non-contagious, 7i07i-ko7x-ta'-je-xis, a. Not contagious. Non-content, 7ioii-kon-te7it', s. One who gives a nega¬ tive vote. [being contemporary. JN ON-CONTEMPORANEOUS, a. Not Non-delivery, xioxi-de-liv'-e-re, s. A neglect of delivery. Non-descript, non'-de-skript, a. That has not been — s. Anything not described. [described. Non-development, s. A failure of ^development. [covery. Non-discovery, noxi-dis-kxi'^-e-re, s. Want of dis^* None, no«, or mm, a. Not one ; not any ; not the least portion.—As a pronoun, none has sometimes a plural signification. Non-elect, noxi-e-lekf, s. One not elected. Non-election, 7io7i-e-lek'-$hun, s. Failure of election. Non-electric, non-e-lek'-trik,a.. Conducting the elec- — s. A substance not electric. [trie fluid. Non-emphatic, non-ex/i-fat'-iky a. Without emphasis. Non-entity, non-en'-te-te, s. Non-existence. Non-episcopal, 7i07i-e-pis'-ko-pal, a. Not of the Epis¬ copal Church. [belonging to the Anglican Church. Non-episcopalian, non-e-pis^o-pa'-le-axi, s. One not Nones, xioxies, s.pl. One of the three divisions of the Koman month, nine days from the Ides, [necessaiy. Non-essential, non es-sen'-shol, a. Not essential or — s. Something thatcan be dispensed with — tials are things not essential to a particular purpose. Nonesuch, noxx'-sxifch, s. A thing tliat has not its equal. Non-execution, no7x-eks-e-ku'-shxuiy s. Non-perform¬ ance. [being. Non-existence, noxx-egz-W-tense, s. The negation of NoN-ExisTENT,«on-e(/z-iy-j5wr,a. Not having existence. Non-exportation, 7ion-eks-po7--ia'-8hxm, s. A failure of exportaiion. [stretched Non-extensile, no7x-eks-te7x'-sil, a. That cannot be Non-feasance, xion-fe'-zaxise, s. A failure to perform. Non-fulfilment, xxoxi-fnl-JiV-Tnent, s. Negieet to fulfil. Nonillion, 7xo-7xil'-yun, s. The number 01 nine million of millions. [importation. Non-importation, no7x-tm-por-ta'-shun, s. Svant of Non-importing, xxoix-ixti-porf-ing, a. Not bringing from foreign countries. Non-juring, a. Not swearing allegiance to the reignmg family and government, after the expulsion of the Stuarts. Non-juror, non-ju'-rnr, ot non'-ju-rur, 8. One who refused to swear allegiance to the government an4 crown of S^gland after the revolution of lew NON-MALIGNANT 641 ] NOTORHIZEiE Nox-mauonant, noii-mA-lig^-nant, a. Not malignant. Non-mancfacturino, non-man-xi-fakV-yxir-ing, a. Not carrying on manufactures. Non-membership, non-mevi'-her-shipy s. State of not being a member. [metal. Non-metallic, non-me.-taV-lik, a. Not consisting of Non-obedience, non-o-be'-de-ense, 8. Neglect of obe¬ dience. [seiT-e or fulfil. Non-ohserv.\nce, non‘Oh-zeri/-a7i8e., s. Failure to ob No.npaiieil, non-jm-rel'y %. Excellence unequalled; a sort of apple ; a small son of priutmg type. — a. Having no equal; peerless. Non-p.\ yment, 7ion-pay' inent. s. Neglect of payment. Non-pf.rformance, non-per-fawrm'-anse, s. A failure to perform. Nonplus, non'-pltis, s. Insuperable difficulty; a puzzle. — v a. To puzzle ; to confound Non -ponoerocs, 7io?i~po7i'-der-us, a. Having no weight. NoN-PRODrcTioN, 7io7i-pro-diifc'-shu7i, s. A failure to produce or exhibit. [fessional. Ncn -PiioPEssiONAL, 7io7i-p7'o-fesh'-u7i-aL a. Not pro- Non PR07\rAZST, no7i-p7’o-Jish'-ent, h. mcompetent. Non-resemblance, 7io)i~7'e-ze7ii/-blanse, s. Dissimilarity. Non-rksident, 7io7t'rez'-e-de7Uy a. Not residing in a particular place. “ s. A clergyman who lives away from his cure. Non-resistance, xion-x-esis'-tanse, s. Passive obedience. Nonsense, non'-st'nse, 8. No sense; words or language which have no meaning. Nonsensical, 7io7i-sen'-se-kal, a. Unmeaning. Nonsensicalness, no7i-se}i'~se-kal-7ies, s. Jargon; absurdity. Non-solction, 7io7i-so-M-shun, s. Failure of solution. Non-solvent, non-so^'-veni, a. Insolvent. — s. An insolvent. Non 'SCBMr^sfvE, 7ion-sxib-mis*-sivy a. Not submissive. Nonsuit, noyi^-sute, s. In law, the default, neglect, or non-appearance of the plaintiff in a suit. — v.a. To determine or record that the plaintiff drops his suit, on default of appeai’anee. Non-usance. 7ion-yewz'-a7ise, s. Neglect of using. Noodle, nooVf, s. A simpleton. {Vulgar.) Nook, nook, s. A corner ; a narrow place. Noun, uoun, s. The middle of the day. Noonday, nooa'-drt, 9. Mid-day. — a. Pertaining to mid-day. Nooning, iioon'-xng, s. Repose at noon. [noon Noonstead, noon'-stedy s. The station of the sun at Noontide, noon'-tidey s. The time of noon; mid-day. Noose, noose, s. A running knot. Noose, nooze, v.a. To catch in a noose ; to ensnare. Nopal, no'-paly s. The cactus. Non, nor, disj. conj. A word that denies or renders negative the second or subsequent part of a propo¬ sition ; sometimes used for neither. Normal, tiawr'-7nal, a. According to rule or principle ; regular, according to established law or principle.— Konnal School is an institution for ti’aining up persons to teach common schools. — 8. In geometry, a perpendicular. [the Normans. Norman, nn?er'-?n*'-c-^^Ar^. See Nurture. Nouusle^ noors^l, v.a. To nurse up. Noursli no, noors'~ling. See Nursling. Nous, i/ew«e, s. (Gr.) Intellect or talent, humorously applied. [trap, as in a noose. Nousle,! luz’zl, v.a. To nurse up ; to ensnare, or to en- Novauul:> e, no-vak'-xi-lite, s. llie stone of which hones are mac. for sharpening razors; whet-slate. Novatian. KO-va'-she-an, s. In ecclesiastical history, the name of an early puritanical sect. Novation, no-va'-shuny s. Innovation.—In law, the acceptance of a new debt or obligation in satisfaction of a previously existing one. Novel, nov'-il, a. Of recent origin or introduction; ancient; unusual; strange.— Novel disseisin, in com¬ mon laxo, is a new or recent disseisin or dispossession. — s. A new or supplemental constitution or decree ; a fictitious tale or naiTative in prose. Novelism,+ xiov'-il-izm, s. Innovation. [novels. Novelist, nov*-il-ist, s. Au innovator; a writer of Novelty, nov'-il-le, s. Newness ; recentiiess. November, no-vem'-her, s. The eleventh month of the Julian year, so named from having been the ninth month of Romulus’s year, which began in March. Novenary, no'-ven-h-re, s. or a. Nine collectively. Novennial, no-vin'-ne-al, a. Done every ninth year. Notercal, no-ver^-kal, a. Pertaining to a step-mother. Novice, Moy'-t5,s. One who is new in any business; a beginner; one who has entered a religious house ; a probationer. [moon. Novilunar, no-ue-Zeto'-nctr, a. Pertaining to the new Novitiate, no-vish'-e-ate, s. The state or time of learn¬ ing rudiments.—In x’eligious hoxises, a time of proba¬ tion ; a novice. XoviTioL’Sji 7w-vish’-us, a. Newly-invented. Notitv,$ xiov'-e-te, s. Newness. Now, 710W, ad. At the present time; very lately.—A’btc' axid the>i, at one time and another. — s. The present time or moment. Nowadays, now'-h-dayz, ad. In this age. Noways, 7icf-wa%e, ad. In no manner or degree. Nowel, note'-c/, s. The inner part of a large loam mould used in a foundry ; $ a Christmas song. Nowhere, no'-hxvare, ud. Not in any place or state. Nowise, 7\o'-wize, ad. Not in any manner or degree. Noxious, xxok'-shxis, a. Productive of injury. Noxiously, nok'-shxis-le, ad. Huitfully'. pci*niciously. Noxiousness, xiok’■shxis-7i€s, s. The quality that injures; hurtfulness ; insalubrity. Noy, Noyance, Noyfil, Noyous, &c. See Annoy, Annoyani e, and Nuisance. Noyapes, 7io'-€-ads, s. (Fr.) A mode of punishment adopted during the first French revolution. Noteau, fio'-e-yo, s. (Fr.) A pleasant cordial. Nozzle, xioz'l, s. The extremity of anything. Nubbin, 7ixtb'-bi7i, s. A small or impcrfeei car of maize. Nubble, 1 7ixil/bl, v.a. To beat or bruise with the fist. Nubiferous, 7iu-bif'~er’Xis, a. Bringing or producing clouds. [clouds. SluBiGENous, nii-bif-en-us, a. Producing or generniing I'Tubii.ate,^ 7ieio'-be-lafe, v.a. To cloud ; to obumbrate. Nubile, new'-bil, a. Mairiageable. Nubility, 8 . State of being marriageable. Nubilous, 7ietc'‘be-lue, a. Cloudy. Kuciferoub. 7tu-sif'-er-xit, a. Bearing nuts. NuciriiAG.i, 7ietv'~8e-frd-gti, sjpl. In ornithology, tht Nutcrackers, of the family Cbmdes. _ [kernel. Nucleiform, 7ixi-kle'-e~faw7‘77i, a. Formed like a nut or Nucleus, 7iew'.kle-xcs, s. (Lat.) The central part o( any body ; the body of a comet. [making bare. Nudation, 7iu-da’-shxin, s. The act of stripping or N UDE, a. Bare.—In law, void, or of no force.— In scxdpture, nude figures are statues without drapery. Nudibranchiate, xiew-de-brang'-ke-ate,ii Pertaining M an order of molluscous animals having no shell. Nupge, 7iudj, v a. To touch gently, as with tlie elbow. Nudity, xicxv'-de-te, s. Nakedness.— Nudities, in the plxiral, naked parts In pamting and sculpture, figuies entirely divested of drapery. Nuoacitt, s. Futility , trifling talk. NcGATioN,t 7ui-ga'-shxi7i, 8. The act or practice cf trilling. Nugatory, a. Trifling, futile. Nugget, s. A lump of gold, taken from the mine in its natural state, either in sitxi or transitu. The largest specimens have been found it. the gold dig¬ gings of Victoria, one weighing 134 lbs., of which 126 lbs. consivSted of pure gold. [trouble. Nuisance, 7iew'-sniise, s. That which annoys or gives NuLL,t nxil, v.a. To annul; to deprive of validity. — a. Void ; of no legal validity. Nullah, 7ixU'-ld, s. In the East Indies, the small branch of a river; a watercourse. [where. Nullibilitt,;!: nuf~le~bil'~e-te, 8. State of being no- Nullification, xiul-le-fe-ka'-shxin, s. Act of nullifying Nullifidian.J 7ixil-le-Jid*-e-an, a. Of no faith. Nullifier, 7ixiV-le-Ji-er, s. One who makes void. Nullify, nuV-le-Ji, v.a. To annul , to make void. Nullipore, 7ixd'4c-por, s. A kind of marine nlant. Nullity, nxil'-le-te, s. Nothingness ; vvant of force. Numb, nxmi, a. Destitute of sensation ; torpid. — v.a. To make torpid ; to deaden. Number, nnin'-ier, s. A unit; more than one; many.— In poetry, the order and quantity of syllables consti¬ tuting feet.—In graixwiar, the difference of termi¬ nation of a word, to express unity or plurality.— Cubic number is the product of a square number by its root.—OrdmaZ nurrwers are those which express order ; as, first, second, thii’d, &c.—A pe7'fect 7iu7>xher is that whose aliquot parts added together make the whole number .—Prhne mwibers arc those only divi¬ sible bv unity. — v.a. To ascertain the units of any sum or multitude. Numberer, 7ixi7)i'-ber-er. s. One who numbers. Numberless, nMm'-6cr-/es, a. That cannot be counted; innumerable. Numbers, nnrn'-bers, s. Fourth book of the Pentateuch. Numbles, 7ium'bls, s.pl. The entrails of a deer. Numbness, 7iU7n'-nes, 8. Loss of feeling ; torpor. Numerable, new'-xxxei'-it-hl, a. lltat may be numbered. Numeral. ne.w'-77ie~ra\,e.. Pertaining to or consisting of number. . — s. A figure or character expressing a number; and the Roman numerals I., II., III., &c. Numerally', 7iext)'-7nc-ral-le, ad. According to number. Numerary, 7xtio*-me-rd-re, a. Belonging to a certain number. [rules of numeration. Numerate, 7iew'-7ner-ate, v.a. To read according to the Numeration, neio-mer-a'-shu7i, s. The act or art of numbering ; the fii’St elementary rule in arithmetic. Numerator, new'-77iir-a-txir, s. One who numbiTS.-* In arithmetic, the number in vulgar fractious which shows liow many parts of a unit are taken. Numeric, nu-niei’'-ik, (a. belonging to or d®- Numerical, nxi~mer'-e-kal, j noting nuinber ; consist¬ ing in numbers.— Nmnerical difference is a difference in respect to number. [respert to number. Numerically, nn-ineu'-e-A'CtZ-Ztf, ad. In numbers, with Numerist.J 7iew'-7ner-ist, s. One who deals in numbers. . C^er; melodious. Numerous, xiew'-xxier-us, a. Consisting of a great num- Numekously, new'-mer-us-le, ad. In great numbers. Numerousness, nexv'-7ner-us-7ies, s. The quality of . being numerous, or the consisting of poetic numbers. Numismatic, new-xniz-maf-ik, a. Pertaining to money or medals. [and met^s. Numismatics, new-7niz-mat'-iks, s. The science of coins Numismatist, nxi-mis'-md-tisi, s. A dealer in, or col¬ lector of coins. [in coins ana medal® Numismatolooist, netc-mtz-wd-ZoZ'-o-jtsZ, e. One veree^ Numismatology, 7iew-miz-md-toV-o~jef 8. Bcienco of coins and medals. Nummular, xium'-mxs-lar, a. Pertaining to coln^ NUMMULITE [ 643 ] OAT Js t/MMoiiTB, 8 . A fossil Cephalopod, re¬ sembling a coin. rtaining nummulitCs. Nummulitic, num-mu^lW-ik, a. Composed of or con- Numskull, num'-skuly 8 . A dunce ; a dolt. Numskulled, tmm'-sAruZd, a. Dull in intellect; stupid. Non, mm, h. A woman devoted to a religious life; the blue titmouse. Ndn-bi oy, nun'-hwoy, s. A buoy tapering at each end. Ndncheon, nUn'-she-un,s. A small portion of for^d. Nunciatcre. nun'-she-^-ture, 8 . The office of a nuncio. Nuncio, nvu -she-o, s. (Ital.) An ambassador from the pope ; a messenger. Nuncupate, t nun'-ku-pnte, v.a. To declare publicly. Nuncupation, nun-ku-pa' shun, s. A naming. Nuncupative, la. Nominal; verbal Nuncupatort, nun'-kxi-pfi'tur-e, i not written.— Nun¬ cupative will, a will orally made. Nundinal, nun'-de-nnl, i a. Pertaining to a fair Nundunaht, nun'-de-na~re, j or to a market-day. Nung, Hung, s. In commerce, a large packet or bale, generally applied to cloves. [reside. Nunnery, nun'-ne-re, s. A house in which nuns Nunnishness, nun'-nish~nes, s The habits of nuns. Nupuar, new'-far, s. An aquatic plant, the Yellow Water-lily, of the natural order Nymphacecs. Nuptial, nup'-shal, a. Pertaining to a marriage. Nuptials, nup'-shals, s.pl. MaiTiage. Nurse, nurse, s. One who is employed to tend the children of others, or who has the care of the sick.— In composition, that which supplies food. — v.a. To suckle; to tend the sick; to feed; to cherish; to promote growth in. Nurser, nur'-ser, s. One who cherishes. Nursery, nuv'-se-re, s. The place or apartment appro¬ priated to the care of children; a plantation. Nursling, nurs'-ling, s. An infant; a child. Nurture, nurt'-yur, s. That which nourishes ; food; — v.a. To nourish ; to educate. Nussierite, nus'-se-er-ite, s. A greenish mineral occur¬ ring at Nussi 6 re, in France. Nustle, nus'l, v.a. To fondle ; to cherish. Nut, nwfjS. The fruit of certain trees consistihg of a hard shell inclosing a kernel; a small block of metal or wood containing a concave or female screw; the projection near the eye of an anchor,—a com¬ mercial name for oil expressed from the ground-nut. -—Nut-pine, a new species of pine, inhabiting the Rocky Mountains,—the Pmus nionophyllus. — v.n. To gather nuts. Nutant, new'-tant, a. Nodding. Nutation, s. In astronomy, a vibratory motion of the earth’s axis.—In physiology, an habitual and involuu^ry motion of the head. Nut-brown, nut'-hroun, a. liroYvn as a nut. Nut-cracker, nuf-krak-er, s. An instrument for cracking nuts, a bird. Nut-gall, nut' gawL 8 . An excrescence of the oak. Nut- HATCH, nwr hatch, s. The name of a bird allied to the Woodpeckers. Nut-hook, mit'-hook, a. A pole with a hook at the end. Nutmeg, nut'-mrg, s. The aromatic kernel of the Myristica moschata^ a native of the East Indies — Nutmeg butter, a solid oil in cakes, extracted from the nutmeg by expression.—jVtiiwiep a metal rasp for grating spices.—iVuiwiep wood, a name for Palmyra wood. Nutria, new'-tre-d, s. In commerce, the name of the skins of the Myopotamus bonariensis. NcTRicATioN,t new-tre-ka'-shun, s. Manner of feedlnf^ or being fed. [growth! Nutrient, new'-tre-ent, a. Nourishing: promoting — 8 . Any substance which nourishes. Nutriment, new'-tre-ment, s. That which nourishes. Nutrimental, new-tre-mm'-tal, a. Alimehtal. Nttrition, nu-trish'-un, s. Process cf promoting the growth or repairing the waste of animal or vegetable bodies; nutriment. Nutritious, nu-trish'-us, a. Nourishing. [manner Nutritiously, nu-trish'-us-le, ad. In a nutritious Nutritive, new'-tre-tiv, a. Nourishing ; alimental. Nutritively, new'-tre-tiv-le, ad. vSo as to nourish. Nutritiveness, n&uf-tre-iivmes, s. The aualitv of nourishing. ^ [screw. NuT-acREW, nut'-skrew, s. A name of the tumbler Nut-shell, nxU -shel, s. The hard shell of a nut ■ the covering of the kernel; a thing of little value. Nuttallite, nut'-tal-iie, s. A grey mineral in pris¬ matic crystals, and so called from its discoverer. Nutting, nuf-ting, s. The act of gathering nuts. — pp. or a. Gathering nuts. Nut-wrench, 8 . An Instrument for fixing or removing the nuts on screws. Nrx,»mA5, s. In botany, a kind of hard, dry fruit, o\ the genus strychtwt, wliich grows in the East Indies, and produces the mix vomica, whose alkaloid salu are highly poisonous. Nuzzle, nuz'zl, v.a. To neatle ; to house, as in a nest to suckle ; to foster or nurse up (vulgar). — v.n. To hide the head, as a child in the mother’s bosom; to work with the nose like swine in the mud, to go with the nose thrust out. Nyct.^lopia, niA i s. A disease in which Nyctalopy, nik'-th-lo-pe, } vision is painfully acute in a strong light, but pleasant in a dark shade. Nyctalops, nik'-td-lops, s. One afllicti.’d with nycta¬ lopia. [genus of birds of the family Strigidw. Nyctia, nik'-te-A, s. The name of the Eagle-owls a Ntctiakdea, 7iik~te.-dr'-de-A, s. The Night-herons, a genus of birds of the family Ardmdce. Nyctipetes, nik-tip'-e-tes, s.pl. The Sparrow-owls, of tlie family Strigidw. Nye, ni, s. A brood or flock of pheasants. Nylgh-au, nil'.gaw, s. A runiinant mammal of the caprid tribe, iniiabitiug Nortiiern India. Nymph, nimf, s. A young lady.—In mythology, a goddess.-In entomology, the second stage of a metabolian insect, or.^iiother name of the chrysalis, or pupa, sometimes called NirMPHACE-A, nim-fa'-se-d, s.pl. In zoology, a family oi bivalve Mollusca. NYMPHACE.®,nim-/a'-se-e,s.pl. lTibotany,?i natural oi’der of plants (the Water-lilies), of which the Nympheea is the type. Nymph nimf'-like, > -r. Nymph LY,mw/’-/e, } Resembling nymphs. Nymphean, nim-ff-an, a. Pertaining to nymphs. Ntmphiparous, nim-fip'-d-rus, a. Producing nymphs Nymphish, nim'-Jish, a. Relating to nymphs. Nymphomania, 7xim-Jo-ma'-ne-d, s. Incontrollabltj sexual desire in females. Nystagmus, niz-ta^-mus, s. A winking of tbe eyes. O. O vowel of th alphabet. It has three distinct voca sounds—long as m note or moan ; sliort, as in lot , plot or doM , aiid diphthfmgal, like oo , as in move , prove , &c It is also the sign of the vocative case, and is some ‘nterjection or exclamation. Some Mmss It stands for an abbreviation, as O.S., old style - Aiooug Uie Irish , O, prefixed to the name of a faintli denotes dignity, as, O’.Neil. AF ofv ~ ‘ ’ have’ 1 a’.. ° '‘■ha'?4e''?Srsuperbtitiously supposed , have been changed by fames; a doit. Oafish,+ oft!-ish, a. Stupid i dull; doltish. Oafish NESS,t o/e'-ts*-jies,.s. Stupidity; duJness tree of the genus 4i«rai poses s't'P-l'uil'iing, architecture, and other pui S —apoogy excrescence''on oa .A- 0ke'-bark,i. TheWkofthei ' : oak tree, use Oak-bark, ... for tanning. Oaken , o ' kn , a. Made of or consisting of oak. O-AKEN-FIN, o ' kn - pin , s. An apple. Oakling, oket - ling , s. A young oak. Oakem, o '- kum , s. -The substance of old ropes u tw isted and pulled into loose hemp.—Oa/lum-m'cit 19 the pulling and converting of junk into oakum, wmch paupers and prisoners are extensively emnlovt Oakv, o'-*e, a. Hard ; film ; strong. Oar, ore , s. An Implement for rowing boats.—Amoi loc^^^^ oars is to place them in the ro^ — v.a. To impel by rowing. Oarsman, orz '- man , s. One who rows at the oar. Oasis, o - d - sis , s.; pi. Oases. A fertile spot in a sam or barren desert. O.yst, oast , 8 . A kiln to dry hops or malt. Oat, o?e, s.; pi. Oats (more commonly used). A pla' 01 the genus avena , the meal of wMch forms a vei OAT-OAEE [ 644 3 OBOE valuable article oi rood, the giain affording excellent food for horses and cattle. Oa-t-cake, ote'-^ake, s. A cake made of oatmeal. Oaten, o''duced by the revolution of an ellipse about its shorter axis. Oblateness, ob-late'-nes, 8 . The state of being oblate. Oblation, ob-la'-shun, s. Anything offered in w'orsliip an offering , a sacrifice. Oblectation, ob-lek-ta'-shun, s. The act of pleasing., Obligate, ob'-le-gate, v.a. To bind ; to impose on. Obligated, ob'-le-ga-ted, pp. Bound by contract. Obligation, ob-le-ya'-shun, s. The binding power of a vow, promise, or contract.—In law, a bond with a condition annexed. [science. Obligatory. bb'-le-ga~tur-e, a. Binding in law or con- Oblige, o-blije', or o-bleeje',. v.a. To compel ; to con¬ strain by legal or moral force; to bind, compel, or necessitate; to do a favour to. [otlier is bound. Obligee, ob-le-jee', s. [I'r.) The person to W’hom an- OBLiGEMENT,t o-dZyV-meni, s- Obligation. QECiGER,o-bli'-jer, s. One who obliges. Obliging, o-bli'-jmg, a. Civil or complaisant. Obligingly, o-bli'-Jmg-le, ad. Willi civility. Obligingness, t o-bli'-jing-nes, s. Obligation ; civility. Obligor, ob'-le-gmvr. s. The person wlio gives his bond. Obliquation, ob-le-kiva'-shun, s. Declination from a' straight line; deviation. Oblique, ob-leekf, or oh-lik^, a. (Fr.) Deviating from a straight line, or ablaut; indirect.—In geometry, an ob¬ lique a7igle is an angle greater or less than a right angle.—In dialling, an oblique plane is a plane that reclines from the zenith.—In mechanics, an obliqut projectio7i is where a body is projected in a line, mak¬ ing an oblique angle with the horizontal line.—In geography, ohliq^ie sphere {•& that in which the a^is of the earth is inclined to the horizon of the place.—In gravx7nar, an obliqxie case is any case except the nomi¬ native. — v.n. In a military sense, to move forward to the right or left, by stepping sideways, according to the word of command. [dicularly. Obliquely, ob-leek'-le, ad. Not directly; not perpeu- Obliqueness, oh-leek'-nes ,) s. Deviation from a nght OBCiooiTT, ob-lik'-we-te, j line, or from moral recti¬ tude ; irregularity. Obliterate, ob-lit'-er-ate, v.a. To efface ; to expunge. Obliterated, pp ora. Effaced. Obliteration, ob-lit-er-a'-shu7i, s. The act of effacing. Oblivion, ob-liv'-e-U7i, s. Forgetfulness ; remission of punishment. < [getful. Oblivious, ob-liv'-e^us, a. Causing forgetfulness; for- Obliviouslt, ob-liv'-e-us-le, ad. Forgetfully. Obloctitor,4: ob-lo,V-u-tur, s. A gainsayer. Oblong, ob'~lo7ig, a. (Fr.) Longer than broad. — 8 . A figure longer than broad. Oblongish, ob'-long-ish, a. Somewhat oblong. Oblonqlt, ob’-long-le, ad. In an oblong form. Oblongness, 8 . The state of being longer than broad. OBLOQciou 8 ,t ob-lo'-kwe-u8, a. Containing obloquy Obloquy, ob'-lo-kwe, s. Reproachful language. Obluctation,+ ob-luk-ta'-shun, s. A struggling. Obmutescence, ob-mu-tes'-sense, s. Loss of .-.peech. Obnoxious, ob iiok' shxis^ r. Liable, reprehensible; of¬ fensive, hurtful, noxious. [mem , ottensiveness. ObNoxiousNEbS.ot 7iok'-shas-7ie8,B. J i, t. H«.*‘»su>punish- Obnubjlate, o 6 - 7 tet<;'- 6 e-/ai«, v.a. T j >ic'Uq; to LbScure. Obnubii.ation, cb-7iew-be-la' shuti. s. Act ol dark or obscure. Obos i'- boy, 8. (ItaL) A musicsl wind instrument. OBOLE [ 645 3 OCCASIONALLY Obolb, 0 l/’ 0 i 4 , s. In pharmacy, the weight of twelve grains. [Greece, five farthings in value. Obolus, oV-o-lus, 8. (Lat.) A small silver coin of Obovate, ob~, a. Pallihf?; descending. [duces. OccECATioN,-^ ok-se-ka'-shu7i, 8. Act of making bliiid.. Occident, ok''Se-dent^ 8. The west. 'iOriental. OcciDENT.vL, ok-se-den'-tal, a. Western ; opposed to OcciiiroT'8,+a. Western. [of the beam Occii’iTAL, ok-sip’ e-(al, a. Pertaining to the back part Occin- i , ok' sp-/nir, s. The hind pari of tlie head. l)ccisu>N.j s. Tlie act ol kiiling. i)ccLi'[)K, ok-kUird', v.a. To sliut up . to close. i)ccLr8K,+ ok klu.te'. a Shut up, closed. _ OccLisinN, z}iU‘i,S' A shutting up; a closing. Occi-i-T, ok-ku/r, a Uidden , invisible , secret. Occf'L-T.\TioN, yA‘ kiil-to'-ahtui, s. A hiding.—In nstvo- the liiding -d a heavenly body by the interven¬ tion of «.oiiH* Ollier body. OcccLTRD, ok-kuW edrJi- Ixv astronomy, hidden. Occi LTNKss, ok kxdC oiiSy 8. Concealment iroin vunv. Occcf.ancy, ok Kii' ixiti-ae, s. Aft of holdhig possession. Occui'.A.sr, ok'-kxi ptmiy s. He who holds pos.si‘8sion OccfFAi'K,* ok'-kii-)i(tiey v.a To hold , to possess OccyrPKiivs, ok-ku-pa' shiiit,s. The act ol taking pos¬ session , business ; occupancy ; possession , tenure. Occirira, ok’ ku-pi-er, s. One who occupies or takes possession. Occei’v, o!c'-ku-jn, v.a. To take or keep in possession ; to eniphiy ; to busy one’s self; to follow, as business. — v.n. T'l follow business. Oc( CR, ok-kxir', v.n. To be presented to the mind. Occurrence, ok-kur'-rense, s. Any accidental event; a contingency. . [happens. OccL‘RKEN'T,+oA:-fcTvn^, s. Incident; anything that Dckan, o'-shnn, s. The vast body ot water wiiich covers more than three-titths of the globe, usually divided into five parts,—the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Antarctic; the deep.—Ocetni-steainers, a term applied to large sea-going steamsliips sailing to dis¬ tant parts. — a. Pertaining to the main or great sea. Oceanic, o-she-an'-ik, a. Found or formed in the ocean. OcEANus, o-she-a'-fius, s. In mythology, the oldest of the Titans, and his daughters were called Oceanides. OcBi.LATED, o’-seUa-Ud, a. Resembling an eye ; formed with the figures of little eyes. [tribe. Ocelot, o'-se-^oi, s. A carnivorous animal of the cat OcHiMY, ok'-e-me, 9. A mixed base metal. Ochlocracy, ok-lok'~rA-se, s. Govemment of the multi¬ tude; a democracy. Ochraceocs, o-kra'-she-ns, a. Of an ochre colour. Ochre, o'^ker, s. A kind of fine clay used as a pigment; the hydrated sesquioxide of ii'on. It is of various colours, but chietiy yellow. OcHREOus, o'-fcr«-n5,) a. Consisting of or resembling OcH RT, o'-Arfc, ) ochre. Oc HRoiTE, ok'-ro-itc, 8. One of the ores of Cerium. OcKHA oi'-rd, s. The name given to several species of Hibiscus. [of eight sounds. Octachord, oA:'-<lving,i million to the cightli power, ^ which is represented by a luiit with forty-eight ciphers annexed. October, ok-to'-ber, s. The eighth month of the primi¬ tive Roman year, but the tenth of our present calen¬ dar ; a kind of ale, jocosely so called. Octodecimo, ok-to-aes’-e-mo, a. or s. Having or com sisiing of eighteen leaves to a sheet; a book m which a sheet is folded into eighteen leaves. Octoden'i ATE, oA to-den'-tatc, Ql Having eight teeth. OcTOFiD, ok' a In botany, cleft or sepan^ted int> eight st ginenis. '.yems age OcTO(iENARiAS, ok-to-jen-a’-re-au, s. One who is eighty OcTooEN AKV, ok'-to-Ji'ii d-rc, a. or s. Of eighty jears of age , a person aged eighty year.s [eight OcToNARV, ok'-to iid-re, a P»elonging to the nuinbq Oktosocvlkr, Qk-to-nok'-u-lar,Xi. Having eight eyes. OcTOPKTALous, ok'to-pet' -A-lus, a. H.i\iii^ eight pi'tuls. OcTOPOD, ok'd.o pod. s. A mollusk or insect having eiglii feel. . , OcToR A Di ATED, ok-to~vn'-de-a-ted, a. Having eiglii rays. OcrosPERMous, ok-to-sper'-niu.'i, a. Containing I'lght seeds itMght columns. OcTo.sTM.B, ok'-to-stiie, s. An edifice adorned \yith OcTos^ Li..AUic, ok-to~.sil-iab'-ik, a. Consisting of eight syllables . , OcTh'.)i, ok'-tru-ato, s. (Fr.) A tax levied at the gates of t'rencli cities on articles brought in. OcTcv i.E, ok'-txf-pl, a. Eighl-fohl. Ocular, ok'-n-lar, a. Depending on the eye; known by the eve ; received by actual siglit Occj.ari.y, oA'-u-/flr-hN ml. 'h\ the (‘ye or actual view. Ocui.Ai'K, ok'-u-late, a. Furnished with eyes. OcuLiiouM, ok'~u~le-faarm, a. In the form of an eye. OcuLisi. './4-'-u-fi.s/,s. One skilled in disease>of Che eyes. OcuLUS bE. L, ok'-u-lus-bel, S. In niineratogy, » semi- peiUicid gem, which is a variety of agate. Odd, od, a Not even ; not divisible into tYvo equal whole nuubers] extraordinary, strange, or whim¬ sical; ditfenng from what is usxxul.—Odd-fellow, the member of a charitable society formed for social objects, and for the purpose of affording relief to dis¬ tressed members.— Odd-looking, having a singular or peculiar look. Oddity, od'-de te, s. Singularity; strangeness. Oddly, od'-^e, ad. Strangely; irregularly; t not evenly. Oddness, od'nes, s. Singularity; strangeness; the being not even. Odds, ods, s. Inequality; excess 9 f either compared with the other ; advantage ; superiority.— At odds, at variance — -Odds-and-ends, miscellaneous scraps. Ode, ode, s. A short poem or song. [disgusting. Odious, o' de -us, a. Deserving hatred; abominable or Odiously, ad. Hatefully ; invidiously. Odiousness o'- de-us-nes, s. Hatefulness._ Odium, o'-de-M.*n, 8. (Lat.) Hatred; dislike. Odometer, o dom'-e-ter , s. An instrument for measur¬ ing distances in travelling. , . . , , Odi)n i algic, s. A remedy for toothache, Odontalgy, o'-doa-ioZ-Jc, s. Toothache. Odontalite, S- A petrified tooth or bone. Odontogr.aph, o-don'-to-gvaf , s. An instrument con¬ structed to measure or design the teeth ot wheels. Odontoid, o-do/i'-Zoyd, a. Tjolh-like. Odontology, o-dofi-tol’-o-je, s. The science which treats of teeth. [scent. Odorament, o' -do-Td-ment, s. A perfume; a strong Odorate, o'-do-raie, a. Having a strong scent. Odor.atino, o'-do-ra-ting , a. Diflu^ing odour; fragrant. Odoriferous, o-do-rif'-t'i'-us, a. Diffusing fragrance. Odqriferously, o-do-rif'-er-xis-le, ad. lYagrantly. Odoriferousness, o-do-rij'-er-us-nes, s. lYagrance. Odorine, o'-do-Txn, s. A product ol the redistillation Ol the volatile oil obtained by distilling bone. Odorous, o'-dur-us, a. Sweet of scent; fragrant. Odorousness, o'-dur-us-7ies. s. Fragrance. Odour, o'-dur, s. (Lat.) Scent; fragrance ; perfume. Odourless, o'-dur-les, a. Free from odour. Odyssey, od'-e-se, s. An epic poem written bv Homer. (Economy. See Economy, and numerous other words formerly spelt ce. (Enanthe, e-nan'-the. 8. A genus of poisonous, umbelli¬ ferous plants, the impoi’tant species of which is the CEnanme cm-aZn, or \Vater Hemlock. CEnanthic, e-7ui7i'-thic, a. Noting an acid obtained from ctnanthic ether, an oily liquid which gives ta wine its characteristic od ur. (Eriride, esr'-frc dr. s.pl. In entotnology, a family o! di])U'rons insects, the hot-.iies, of which the (Jlstrus is lh.» type, whose larvic arc louad in the otomach of the hurse and other animals. O'ER f 647 ] OLIVIM O’BM, ore, contracted from OTsa, Of, ot7, prep. From or out of. Iff, of, a. Most distant. ad. Away; not toward.—O# hand, without study or preparation.—Oj?" and on, at one time applying and engaged, then absent or remiss.—To he off, to depart or to recede fr<»m an agreement or design.—2’o come off, to escape —?(■ go off, to depart.—To take off, to mimic or personate. — prep No! on , distant from. — iJiterj A cojornaiul to depart. Off^l, of'-fnl, s Waste meat , canion , refuse. Offeme. of/t'nft', s Any violation of law; moderate anyer an injury OFFKNCEprL, oj /enx’./ul, a. Giving displeasure. Offe.nckless, of fens' -tes, a. tJnott’ending. Offend, of-fend' , va To excite anger; to dispU’Jise ; to affroii! , tio traii'gfcss . tto attack. — v.n To sin . to commit a crime Offended, of-fend'-ed, pp. or a. Displeased ; excited to [anv law. Offender, o/-/eud'-Fr, 8. One who offends or violates Offendress, of-f'en’-dres, s. A female who offmids. OFFENStbi.E.:}: oj-fen'-se.-bl, a. Injurious ; liuriful. Offensive, a Causing displeasure ; giving pain ; displeasing. disagreeable. — s The part of attacking. Offensivei.t, offJen'‘siv-le, ad. Injuriously; mis¬ chievously. [offends. Offensivknkss, of-fen'-8iv-nes, s. Tire quality that Offer, offer, y.a. To propose, propound, or tender; to bid as a price.— To offer violence, to attack. — v.n. To be at hand. — s. A proposal to be accepted or rejected. Offerable, of'‘fer-n~l)l, a. That may be offered. Offered, of'-ferd, pp. or a. of the verb to offer. Offerer, of'~fer-er, s. One who offers- Offerino, of'-fer-ing, s. A sacrifice ; an oblation. OFFERTORy, of'-fer-to-re, s. The act of offering, or the thing offered.—In the Church of England, certain sen¬ tences read while the alms are collecting. OFFERTuttE,^ of'-fer-tzire, B. Offer ; proposal. Office, of'-ffs, s. A particular duty or trust conferred by authority; business; employment; formulary of devotion; a house or apartment in which business is transacted.— Holy office, the name of aii ecclesiastical tribunal established in the Middle Ages for the trial of heretics and schismatics, more generally known as the Holy Inquisition. Officer, of'-fe-ser,s. A person commissioned to per¬ form any public duty. — v.a. To furnish with officers. CPtihlic trust. Official, of ffsh'-nl, a. Peitaining to an office or — s. An ecclesiastical judge. Officiallt , of-Jish'-al-le, ad. Dy the proper officer. Officialty, of-Jish'-al-te, s. The charge of an official. Officiate, of-jish'-e-nie, v.n. To act as an officer, or transact the business of an office or trust. [to it. Officinal, of-Jis'-e-nal, a. Used in a shop, or belonging OFFicjors, of-Jish'-us, a. Kind; obliging; excessively forward in kindness : bu#y. Officiously, of-jish'-us-le, ad. In a meddling manner. Offii iournkss, of-Jish' -us- nes, s. Eagerness to serve. Offing, 3. That part of the sea al a distance from the shore. OFF-RECK0NiNas.o/-r^A'-7n7ig.s, s.pl. In military matters, the amount issued to colonels for clothing the men of their respective regiments. Toff; refuse. Offscouiuno. of -skowr-ing,%. Th^t which is scoured Offrcum, e/'-s/tn7«, s. Refuse; off'seouring tilth. Offset, of-set, s. A shoot; a sprout from the roots of a plant. a set-off. — v.a. To set one account against another: to make the account of one party pay the demand ‘f another. Offspring, of-spring, s. Propagation; chJdren. Offuscate, Obfuscate. [shore. Offward, oj'-ward. ad. Leaning off, as a sliip on OFT,o/i,ad. Often; frequently. Often, ofn, ad., comp, Oftener; superl. Oftenest. Frequently. Oftentimes, ofn-times, 1 j Ofttuies, o/r.(!w«, P‘1' Frfquontly. Ogee, o-jee', s. In nrehitectvre, a moulding. Ogive, o'-jiv, s. The Gothic vault. Ogle, o'gl, v.a. To view with side glances. — 8. A side glance or look OousR, o'-gler^ s. One who ogles. [glances. Ooling, o'-gUng, s- The act of viewing wit*\ side OoRE, ,—0/d Hed Saiidstniif, m geology, a series of red" sandstone rocks lying below the loal foimation.—O/d-s'i^^'(see Style).—0/(/ Testament, that part of the HUde wluich contains tl>e i^anonieal books wu-itten pn vious to Christ.—0/d Tom, a sort of strong London gin.—0/rf- wife, a contemptuous name for an old prating woman. Olden, ote'dn, a vjld ; ancient. Oldish, ole'd'-ish, a. SomeNvhat old. Oldness, ole'd'-nes, s. An advanced state of life. Oi.EACACE^, o/-e-irt'-sc-c, s.pl. A natural order of Exo¬ genous plants, of wliich the Olive is the type. Oleaginous, o-le-af-en-us, a. Unctuous. Oleaginousness, o-le-af -en-us-nes, s. Oiliness. Oleander^ o-/«-aR''der, s. A shrub of the genus nerinm, the official name of the Rose-bay. [the olive. Oleaster, o-le-as'-ter, s. (Lat.) A shrub much like Oleate, o'-le-ate, s. A compound of oleic acid. Olefiant, o'-/e-/«-rt?i./, a. Jsoting a gas which is a va¬ riety of bicarburetted hydi-ogen. Oleic, o'-le-ih, a. Noting an acid resulting from the action of alkalies upon elaine,or the liquid pax't of oils and fat; thus oleic acid is obtained from a soap made by digesting liog's lard in potash tye. Oleiferous, ofe-ij'-er-us, a. Produc'ing oil. Oleine, o'-le-in, s. That portion of fat or oil which re¬ tains a liquid state. [tain the purity of oil Oleometer, o-l€-om‘-e-ter,%. An instrument to ascer- Oleon, o'-/e-07i, s. A peculiar liquid obiainea by the distillation of a mixture of oleic acid and lime. OLEOHESiN,o'-/e-o-res'-tn, s. A mixture of a terebinthi- nate oil and a resin. [oil and sugar. Oleosaccharum, o-le.-o-sak'-kd-r\im, s. A mlxtu'e oi Oleracbous, Pertaining to pot herbs. Oleron, o/'-fi-rrm, s. The laws and decisions of Oleron are a capitulary of ancient marine cu.^toms, 'vrirten in old French, wRich were considered of great autho¬ rity during the Middle Ages. Oi.FACT, ol-fakt'^ v.a. To smell {\ised in burlesq-ue). Olfactory, ol-Jak'-tiir-e, a. Pertaining to smelling. Olib.anum, o-lib'-d-num, s. An inspissated sap, or gum resin. Oligarchal, ol-e-gar'-knl, a. Pertaining to oli.garehy. Oligarchy, ol'-e-gar-ke, s A form of government in which the supreme power is jilaced in few hands. Olio, o'-/e-o, s. (Ital.) A mixture; a medley. Olitory , ol'-e-to-re, a. Relonging to a kitch.i’u-garden. Olivaceous, ol-e-va'-she-us, a. Of the colour of the olive. Olive, ol'-iv, s. A plant of the genus Olea, or Olive.— Olive-branch, the emblem of peace.—O/iu^-oi/, uU ex¬ pressed from the olive tree.—O/itv-yrm/, a piece of ground in which olives are cultivated. Oliver, ol'-e-ver, s. A small lifL-liainmer worked by the foot. [bugle, made for the African trade. Olivet, oV-e-vef s. A sort of mock pearl, or white Olivin.«, ol-e-vi'-ne, s.pl. In conchology a suo-family ol OLIVINE [ 64S ] OPERATION the Voiuttda, of which the Oliva, or Olive-shell, Is the type. Olivinb. oV-e-vin, 8. A variety of dirysolito. Olli., oi 8. (Sp.) An olio. OLi-i-PODRiDA, oV-la-po-dre’ dny s. (Sp.) A favourite Spanish dish.—Met., any incongruous melange- Ombrb, otn'br, s. (Fr.) A game at cards; a kind of damask. [of madder. Ombros, om'-bros, s. The name fora particular quality Omega, o’-me-gh. 8. The la»t letter of the Greek alpliabet, as Alpha was the first; hence, Alpha and Omega, the first and the last. Omelet, om'-e-let, s. A kind of pan-cake or fritter. Omen, o'men, 8. A prognostic. ^ [omentum. Omentitis, o-men-ti'~tiSy s. Inflammation of the Omentum, o-vien'-Uim, s. In anatomy, the caul, Omkr, o'-mer s. A Hebrew measuie. Ominate,+ oin'-e-nate, v a. or v.n. To presage. Omination,+ om-e-na'-shtui, s. A foreboding. Ominoi 8, om'-e-nus, a. Foreboding or presaging evil. Ominousness, onV-e-nus-nes. 8. The quality of being ominous. Omissible, o-niis'-se-bl, a. That may be omitted Omission, o-niish'-un, s. Neglect to do something. O.MissivE, o-rnis'-$iv, a. Leaving out. Omit, o-miV, v.a. To leave, pa^s by, or neglect; to fail or forbear to do or to use ; to leave out. ^ Omnibus, oui'-ne-bus, s. A large public vehicle for the conveyance of passengers to short distances, familiarly called a 'bu&. — Omnibus-box, a large box at the opera. . , Omnifarious, om-ne~f(^■‘re-us, a. Of all varieties. Omniferous, om-nif'-er-us, a. All-bearing. Omn^-ic, om-nif'-ik, a. All-creating. Omniform, om'-ne-fawnn, a. Having every form. Omnivormity, om-ne’fawrm'-e-te, s. The quality of having eve^y form. Omnigenous, om-nij'-e-nus, a. Consisting of all kinds. Omniparity, om-ne-par'-e-te, s. General equality. Omnipercipiencb, om-ne-per-sip'-e-ens, s. Perception of everything. [everything. Omnipercipient, om-ne-per^sip'^e-ent, a. Perceiving Omnipotence, om-nip'-o- ; castration. Orchite.s, awi -ki'-tes, s. Inflammation of the testes. Orcin , awr'-sill, s. A crystallizable colouring matter. OKQ,awrd,%. An edge or point. Ordain, awr-dane', v.a. To appoint; to decree. Ordain able, awr-aane'-d-bl, a. That may be appointed. Ordained, nwr'-dane'd, pp. or a. .-Appointed; institutea. Ordainer, awr-dane'-er, s. One who ordains. Ordainment, awr-dane'-ment,h. The act of ordaining. Ordeal, a?cr'-<^e-a/, 8. An ancient form of trial to de- tennine guilt or innocence, of which there were the fire-ordeaf and water-ordeal. Ordel, ater'-de/, s. In arvh‘ivr, s. Dunn . exureineist, Ore, ore, s. The compound of a in. tal , metal- OKFdiLD, au’rj' ghild, a The resti'ution of goods stolen Orgyl, au r'-ga!, s. Arf^ai . Lin- I .‘S o! v. inc dried Organ, aicr' gan.s A nntural in-truni.m of action oi opernlion . tlie instninn nt oi uieaiiA ol coiiveianec or cominiinieatioti , tlie largest ol iiiUAieal wou'i instru¬ ments,of aeneial use in cathedral am! chiircli soi viees. — Orgaii-huiUler, an artist whose oceopation is lo con- stlaict organs. Organic, Oier gnn'-ik,-A. I’enaininp' Lii or eon~i5tin>' of ori-ans ; instrnniental Orgnuu h,.,tie.. ire .nctr as possess iTKans — Orj/niit. di.vn.w, a diseas in whieti tlie sti-ucinres of some oraans of the hud.t are in a niqi'lnd state. — Oi imo.c remnins are the reni.iins of animahs or vegetables peiriricd fsirm ture. Organically, mvr gan'-e-kal-le, ad. With orgauica! Organism, mvr'-gan-izm, s. Organical structure. Organist, aw) -gan-ist, s. A player on the organ, s. The act or process of forming organs or instruments of action; structure. Organize, ator-gan-ize, v.a. To form with suitable organs. OEGANIZED [ 661 ] OSIER Organized, rtM-T'-<7rt-?ii3eV/,pp. ora. Formed with organs. Org.anoguaphic.al, awr-gan-o-graf'-C'kalftii.. Pertaining to organography. Organography, awr-gan-og'-ra-fey s. In botanyy a description of the organs of plants. Organoi.ogy, awr-gnn-ol'-o-je, s. That branch of phy¬ siology ■'vliich treats in particular of the different organs ol' animals. OuGANZiNE, riioy'-'-an-ziiiyS. Thrown silk. Orga-^m, rii'')''-uazin, s. Immoderate excitement. ORGKkT, fnrr'-'.e-nt y 6. A liquoi* extracted from barley and sweet almonds. ORfiKis, aivr*~ e-iSy s. A fish, the organ-ling, [revelry. Ojigies, ou-y'-jis, s.pl. Nocturnal revels; drunken Orgurs, rncyg.s, s.pl. (Fr.) In the military thick pieces of timber pointed and shod with iron. Orichai-cum, o-re-kaL'-kum, s. Ametallic substance re¬ sembling gold. Oainr,, o'-yc-<‘l,s. In Gothic architecturey a bay window. ORiRNcy,i- o'-ye-en-se, s. Brightness or strength of colour. Orient, a. Eastern; oriental, bright. — s. The part of the horizon where the sun first ap¬ pears in the morning ; the east. * Oriental, o-yc-oi'-tal, a. Situated in, or proceeding — s. A native of eastern climes. [from the east. OniENTAEiSM, o-ye-en'-tal-izni, s. A term applied to doctrines or idioms of the Asiatic nations. Orientalist, o-ye-en'-fal-ist, s. An inhabitant of eastern parts ; one versed in eastern languages. Orientality,^ o-re-en-tal'-e-te, s. The state of being oriental. Orifice, or'-e-^s, s. The aperture of a tube. [France. Oriflamme, oy'-e-jlam, s. Ancient royal standard of Origin, oy'~e-Jin, s. The beginning of anything. Originable, o-rij'-e-nci'hly a. That may be originated. Original, o-rif-e-naly s. First copy ; archetype. — a. First in order ; primitive. Originalia, o-rij-e-na'-lc-a, s.pl. In laWy the records or transcripts in the Exchequer, sent there from the Chancery. [original. Originality, o-rij-e-naV-c-tCf s. Quality of being ObiginaI/LY, o-rij'-e-nal-le, ad. Primarily. Originate, o-rv'-e-natey v.a. To bring into existence. — v.n. To take first existence. [existence. Originated, o-rij'-e-na-ted, pp. or a. Brought into Origination, o-rij-e-na'-shnn, s. First production. Originator, o-rij'-e-7ia-turyS. One who originates. Orillon, o-W/'-i/wn, 8. (,Fr.) In fortification, a round¬ ing of earth, faced with a waU, raised on the shoulder of bastions. Oriole, o'-re-ole, s. The popular name of several s-pecies of birds, allied to the thrushes. Orion, o ri'-on, 8. A bright constellation. Okismologt, o-ris-nwl'-o-je, s. In natural histoj'y, that department which treats of terms. Orison, or'-e-soH, s. A prayer or supplication. Orle, aurl, s. In hei'aldry, an urdinai’y fillet.—In architecture., a fillet. Orlop, aivy'-lop, s. The lower deck of a ship. Ormolu, 8. (Fr.) Gilt brass. Ornament, a'vr'-mi-ment, s. Emliellishment. — v.a. To make beautiful ; to adorn or bcaptify. Ornamental, (nvr-na-nten'-tnl, a. Serving to decorate. OuNAMENiKD,pp. ora. Decorated. Ornate, nwr'-nate, v.a. To adorn. — a. Adorned; decorated. Orn atenkss, aivr’-nate-iiess, s. State of being adorned, Orn A TURE.t mvr'-nu-turt, 8. Decoration. ORNi?r-pin, 8. A name of several plants. Okreuy, or'-re-re, s. An astronomical machine for exhibiting the several motions of the heavenly bodies. Orris, oi-'-ris, s. The plant irix ; gold or silver laee. Orsepew, nwrie'-deio, s. Manheim or Dutch gold. ORT,nM7rt, 6. A fragment, refuse. [Imiiling. Oui'ALAN, auir'-ta-hiHy s. in ornithology , a species of OrtiiiuvE, aw}''-the-de, s.pl. A family of nocturnal Lepidopterous insects, the spinning hawk motiis. Orthi'i e, arvr'-thite , s. A variety ot Ailanite, an ore oi cerium. Orthoceratite, awr-tho-He 7 ‘'-ti-tite, 8. An e.xtiDCt genus of testaceous cenhalopod.s. Orthodox, awy'-thb-dokf,, a. Believing the genuine doctrines taught in the Scriptures. Orthodoxy, s. Soundness of religious faith; consonance with genuine Scriptural doctrines. Orthodrom ICS, awr-tho-droni'-iks, s. Art of .sailing in a direct course. [course. Orthodromt, aiv 7 ''-tho-drom-e, 3. Sailing in a straiglit Orthoepical, awr-tho-ep'-e-kal, a. Pertaining to orthoepy. [nunciatiou. Ortiioepist, aior'-tJto-e-pist, s. One skilled in pro Orthoepy, aior'-tho-e-pe, s. CoiTect pronunciation. Orthogon, awr'-tho-gon, s. A rectangular tigui'e. Orthogonal, awr-thog*-o-nal, a. Bight-angled. Orthoqrapher, awr-ihog'-ra-fevy ) s. One who spells Orthograph 1ST, I according to the rules of grammar. Orthographical, awr-tho-gi'af'-e-kal, a. Pertaining to the spelling of words. Orthography, awr-thog'-rA-fe, s. The part of grammar which treats of the art of spelling.—In geometry, the art of delineating or drawing the front of an object. Orthology, awr-i/ioZ'-o-je, s. The right description of things ; a discourse on the correct use of words. Orthometrt, awr-thom'-e-tre, s. The laws of correct versification. Orthopny, awr-thop'-ne, s. Difficulty of breathing. Orthopterans, awr-thop'-te-runs, s. An order of in¬ sects. [order Orthoptera. Orthopterous, aicr-thop'-ter-us, a. Pertaining to the Orthotypous, awr-thot'-e-puSy a. Inwimcra/ogy,having a perpendicular cleavage. Outive, awid-tiv, a. In aitionomy, rising, or eastern. Ortolan, awd-to-lan, s. A bird of the south of Europe, esteemed a great delicacy. Orts, axvrts, s.pl. Fragments ; refuse. Orval, awr'-val, s. Tlie herb clary. Oryctognosy, or-ik-tog'-nd-se, s. Science of minerals. Oryctography, or-ik-tog'-i-A-fe, s. A description ol fossil remains. OuYCTOLOGY, or-ik-toV'O-je^ s. That part of natui’al his¬ tory which treats of fossils. Os, os, a. (I.at.) A bone ; a word of frequent applica¬ tion in anatomy ; as os uteri, os externum, &c. Osch.eocele, os'-ke-o-sele, s. Scrotal hernia. OscHiTis, os-ki'-tis,^. Inflammation o! the scrotum. Oscillate, os'-fiiwnte. v.n. To swing ; to vibrate. Oscillation, os-sil-la 'Shnn, s. Vibration. OsciLi.ATORiA, os-sU-la-to'-re-A, s.pl. A group of minute fidamentous organized beings, which nave oscillatory, motions. [forward Oscillatory, os'-sil-Za-fo-re, a. Moving backward and OsciTANCY, os'-se-ian-se, 8. Act of gaping or yawning. OaciTANT, os'-se-tant, a. Yawning ; druwsy ; sluggish. Oscitantly, os'-se-tant-le, ad. Carelessly. OsciTATE, os'-se-tate, v.n. To ^awn; to gape. OscJTATioN, s. I hc act oJ yawiiing. Osculant, os'-k{i-Uint, a. That adlierej- closely. Osculation, os-ku-la'-shun. s. la geometry, llie contact between any given curve and its of'Calatuiy circle.— An oscvlntory circle is a circle having tlie same curva¬ ture with any curve at any given point. OscuLATORY, os'-ku- a-to-re, s, In Church history, 9 tablet or board, with a picture of Christ or the Virgin Oscule, os'-kule, 8. A small bilabiate aperture. OsHAC, o'-shak, a. The gum ammoniac plant. [ OsiBR, age outward. [snip. OurGENEaA. 1 ., owt-je7i'-er-al, v.a. To exceed in general Outgo, owt'-goy v.a. To go beyond , to surpass. OcTooi NO, owt*- go-ing , s. The act of going out. ... 00-t»o,s. The act 01 going ...... Ou I'ouARD, owt'-gdrd. s. A guard at a distance from the main body of an army. [o\ Oct-uerod, owt'-her-od, v.a. To overact the character Outhouse, ote<'-/io?4se,s. A small house at a little distance. OcTLA-VDKii, owt'-Umd-ei'y 8. A foreigner i not a native. Outlandish, owt land'-ishy a. vulgar; clownish. Outlaw, owt'-law, 8. A person excluded from the — v.a. To proscribe. ^ Dctlawry , law-re, Putting out of protection of Outlay, owe-lay, 8. A laying out or expending. Outleap, owt’-lecp, v.a. To leap beyond. Outlet, oteJ'-Zei, 8. Passage outwan. « Outlier, owt'-ll-er, 8. One who dor^ -t reside in the place with which his duty connect.' ; • Outline, owt'-line, s. The line by '.s u^ai a figure is defined ; first general sketch. — v.a. To draw the exterior line. Outlive, owt-liv', v.a. To survive. Outliver, otet4iu'-cr, 8. A survivor. ,-u«q + Outlook, owV-look, v.a. To face down , to orowbeat. _s. Vigilant watch; a lookout. , _ Oi'TLviNG, owt-li'-ing, a. Lying or being lu a distanc^ OuTMANfEDVRE, owt-tna-netv'-iTy v.a. To surpass in Oui’MEASURE, ow(-me37t'-«r, v.a. To exceed in measure. Ou rMosT, a. Purthestoutward. ^ OuTPARiSH, owt-pa)''~isk, s. An outlying . OuTPART, owt' part, 8. A part remote froni the centre. OuTPORT, 8. A port at some distence. Outpost, O 24 )i'-poas^, 8. A post wilhout the limits ofa Outrage, owe-raje, v.a. To treat with violence. Ccamp. — v.n To commit exorbitances. — 8. Ininrious violence ; wanton mischief. ^ _ Outraged, owt-raje'd, pp. or a. Treated with violence. Outrageous, 0M7i-rfye'-us, a. VioleiR ; fui’ious. Outrageously, owt-raje'-us-le, ad. Furiously. Outrageousness, owt-raje'-us-nes, s. violence. OuTRAZE, owt'-raze, v.a. To raze to extermination. Outre, oo-^rct', a. (Fr.) Extravagant. Outride, owt-Hrfe'v.a. To ride faster than. , Outride^ owt'-ri-der, 8. One who travels about on horseback, [spar for extending ropes. Outrigger, owt’-rig-ger , 8. In shippmg, a projecOng Outright, owt'-rite, ad. "Without delay ; at once. [out. OoTscouRiNos, oivl-skowr'-mgs,%.x>\. Substances scoured Outsell, owt-seV, v.a. To exceed in amount of sales. Outset, owt’ set, s. First entrance on any business. Outside, owt'-side, s. The external part of a thing; superficial appearance ; the utmost. — a. On the outside; exterior. Ootskirt, 8. Border; outpost; suburb. OrtspREAD, 070t-spred’ , v.a. To extend ; to diffuse. Outspreading, owt-spred'-ing, s. Tbe^reading over. OuTSTAND, owl-siand' , v.a. To resist etfectually. — v.n To project outward. Outvote, owt-vote’ , v.a. To exceed in votes given. Outward, owt-ward, a. External; outer. — ad. Tending towards the exterior. . Outward-bound, oiot'-ward-boiond, a. Proceeding from a port or country. Outwardly, ad. Externally. Outwear, v.a. To wear out; to last longer than something else. . OuTWiND, owt-wxudd, v.a. To extricate by winding. OOTWINO, owt-wmg\ v.a. To move faster on the wing ; to extend the tianks of an army, so as to gam an advantageous position. , Outwit, owt-wif, v.a. To surpass in design or stra- OUTWORK, v.a. To surpa.s8 IB wofk. Outwork, owe-work, s. In fortijicatioxi, a work COn- structea beyond the main body of the place. Outworn, owt-woarn' , pp. of the verb to outwear. ^ Oliwrooght, out-rawt' , pp. of the verb to outwork. OuTZANY, owt-za'-ne, v.a. To exceed in bufifoonery. Ova, o'-rd, 8.pi. of Ovum, an egg. (Lat.) In architectse, the eg«’-8haped ornaments carved on the contour of the ovola.—in entomo'.ogy, the first stage in the exist¬ ence of ail insect. Oval, o'-val, a. Of the shape of an egg ; elliptical. — 8. An egg-like shape. OvALBUMEN, s. The albumen or v»lute Ovallt , ad. So as to be oval. Ovarian, o-va'-»-e-rt7i, a. Belonging to the female ovary. OvARious, o-V(i’-re-us. a. Consisting of eggs. _ Ov^iT J-vh-ie, s. The part of a female animal m which the eggs are fonned or lodged.—In botany, a hollow case or covering. rtTiiimuh OvATF o'-vnte.di. Egg-shaped. . Ovation, o-va*~shun, s. In Ronia^i antiquity, a les^r OVATE-OBLONQ, o'-vute-ob'-loiig, a. Between ovate and OvEN°''?v'»t, 5 . A place arched over work for bakins or heating , any Over o'-ver. prep. From side to side ; above in plate or a’uthoiity , opposed to wider.—In poetry, often con- traded into o'er. — a. Past, discontinuea ; upper. — ad. From side to side; on the opposite side, more than the quantity a.ssigned ; beyond a .. Over, as a prefix, denotes excess, superiority, oi more than enough; and there is scarcely ^ adjective in the language that priately form an affix to this preposition. Of the nume fous compounds llius lormed, the precise ineaniiig ol ■which can be readily ascertained, if reouired, by rc ference to their aflixes in the dictionary, a tew only aie here given in alphabetical order ; and they will be ge¬ nerally found self-explanatory ■—Overabound, m, rac., overaaitale, overanxious, overarch, overawe, overbalance overhend, overbid, overblow, overbrow, overbuild, over¬ burden. overbusy, overbuy, overcanopy, overciimb, over¬ cloud, overcold, overconfiilenc, overconfident, overcount, overcover, overcredulous, overcurwus, overdate, over- diliaent, overdone, overdose, overdress, overdnn/t, over¬ drive, overdry, overeager, overeat, overemply, over¬ estimate, overexcited, overfall, overfatigue, overfeed, overfill, overfioat, overflourish, overflowing, overUy, overfona, vverforward, overfruit/ul, overfull, overgild, overgird, overglance, overgorge overgreat overgrow, overgrown, overgrowth, over handle, overhang, overharden, overhaste, overhasty, overheat overheated, overhung, overissue, overjoy, overjoyed, overlabour, ovei- lade, overlaid, overland, overlap, overlarge, overleap, overleaven, overlibernl, overlie, overlight, overlive, over¬ load, overlong, overmve, overmast, overmix, overmoaesl, overneat, overofficious, overpaid, overpa-int overpasston- ate, overpatient, overpeople, overperemptory, overper¬ suade, overpolish, overponderous, overprize, overprompl, overproniptness, overproportion, overready, overripe, overripen, overroast, oversaturate, overscrupulous, over¬ span, overspe.dk, overspent, overspread, overstore, over- &ram, overstrike, oversupply, overswarming, oversway, overswell, overtask, overtax, overtedious, overvalue, over¬ vote, overW'ak, overweary, overweigh, overweight, over¬ wise, overworked, overworn, overwrestle, overwrought overzealous. _ OvERALt.s, &-ver-awls, s.pl. Trousers worn over othew Overbear, o-ver-hare', v.a. To bear down, overwbe^ Overbearingly, o-ver-bare'-ing-le, ad. In an Overboard, o’-ver-board, ad. Out of a ship, or from on Oyercare,o' ver-knre,s. Excessive care. Overcabeful, o-ver-kare'-fnl, a. Careful to excess. Overc AST, o-i'er-A(7si', v a. To cloud , to darken. Overcautious, o-ver-knw'-shus, a. CauUous to excess. Overcharge, o-ver-tch'drje', v.a. To charge or load to excess, to surcharge ; to charge too much. — 8. An excessive load or burden. ^ Overcome, o-ver-knm', v.a. To be victorious . Overdo, o-ver-doo’, v.a. To do or perform too muen-, to boil, bake, or roast too much. — v.n. To labour too hard. Overdone, o'-ver-dun, pp or a. Overacted wearied with loo much labour; boiled, baked, or roasted toe Overdraw, o-ver-dravf, V.a. To draw beyond thf Droper limits. ... - Overdue, o'-ver-dew, a. Past the time of payment. Overflow , v.a. To spread over; to inundate. — v.n. To run over. — 8. An inundation ; superabundance.- Overfreight, o-ver-frate’, v.a,. To load too heavily. OvERHAULj 0 -ver-hawV, v-a* To turn over for cxanLiiiA tion; to inspect. ^ ^ ^ OvERyvA'G, o-ver-hed , ad. Aloft; above. OvERHiARj o-ver-heer, v.a. To hear by veeident. OVEELASH [ 654 ] OZ-LIZE BTKRLAgUj-j- o ver-lath', v.n. To exaggerate. yvERLAVisH, o vcr-lav'-ish, a. Lavisk to excess. <)vERLAT, 0 -ver-lay', v.a. To lay too mucli upon, to overwhelm; to smother. Overlaying, v-ver-la]/-ing, s. A siiperhciaJ covering. Overlook, o-ver-look\ v.a. To view from a higher place ; to mspect, to superintend. Overlooker, o-ver-look'-er, s. A superintendent. uvbrmaster, o-ver-mds'-ttr, v.a. To overpower Overmatch, o-ver-match' , v.a. To be too powerftil for. 8. One superior in power. [largely. JVER^ASURE, o-ver-mezh'-tir, v.a. To estimate too s. Excess of measure. SvBRMosT, o-ver-most' a. Over the rest in authority. JvERMucH, o-t'«r-wmcA', a. Too much. — adv- In too great a degree. 8. More than sufficient. Overnight, o-ver-7iite' , s. Night before bed-time. Overpass, o-vpr-pUs', v.a. To cross ; to go o er Overpat, o-ver-pay' , v.a. To pay moie than is due. OVERPERCH, o-ver-pertch' , v.a. To perch over or above. OVEKPICTCRE, o-ver-pik'-tchur, v.a. To exceed die re- presentation. [quantity proposed. OvEftPLus, 0 -vcr-piui, 8. Tliat which remains after tlie upiRPET, o-ver-ph', v.a. To ply to excess; to exert with too much vigour. OVBRPOISE, o-ver-poiz', v.a. To outweigh. — s. Preponderant weight. OvBEposT, o-ver-poast' , v.a. To hasten over quickly. Overpower, o ver-pow’-er, v.a. To bear down by force. OVERPRESS, o-ver-pres' v.a. To overwhelm. OvERuniETNEss, o-ver-kwi'-et-nes, s. Too much quiet . [break in upon. OVERRAKE, o-ver-rake', v.a. Applied to heavy seas ; to OvERHANK, o-ver-rank', a. Too rank or luxiu-lant. Overrate, o-ver-rate', v.a. To rate at too much. TVBRREACH, 0-ver-reetch' , v.a. To deceive by artifice. ■ v.n. In the manege, to strike the toe of the lilnd foot against the fore foot. Overreaching, o-ver-reetch'-itig, s. The act of deceiving Overrule, o-ver-rool', v.a. To control; to supersede. OVERRCLER, o-ver-rool’-cr , s. One who controls. Overrun, o-ver-rmi' , v.a. To harass by hostUe incur¬ sions ; to outrun.—Among printer’s, to change the disposition of types, and carry those of one line into another. — v.n. To overflow; to run over. — pp. Kun or spread over. Overrunner, o-ver-7im'-}ie>', s. One who overruns. Overrunning, o-ver-run'-7U7ig, s. Act of overflowing. Oversea, o-«er-see', a. Foreign i from beyond sea. Oversee, o-ver-see, v.a. To superintend. folHcer Overseer, o-ver-seer', s. A superintendent; a parish Overset, o-ver-tef, v.a. To upset; to overthrow. ~ v.n. To tirrn over. Overshade, o ver-shade', v.a. To cause darkne.ss. ^ protect”'”'’ 'fo ovcrsliadc; to Overshoot, o-ver-A/ioor, v.a. To shoot beyond the mark. — v.n. To fly beyond the mark. Overshot, o-vsi-s/iof, pp. Shot'beyond.-OuersAof- wheel, a wheel turned by water which sfiools over or flows on to the top of it. Oversight, o'-ver-site, s. -Watchful care ; inadvertence ■ mistake ; error ; omission. OVERSIEE, 0-ver-size', v.a. To cover with viscid matter ^escape"^’ skip or leap over; to Oversleep, o-ver-sleep’ , v.a.; pp. Overslept. '‘To’ sleep OvERSLip, o-ver-shp', v.a. To pass without notice ; to OVZRSOON, o-ver-*oon', ad. Too soon. fomit Oykr^and, o-ver-stand', v.a. To stand too much ou conditions. Overstate, o-ver-state', v.a. To exaggerate. Overstep, o-ver-5^ey, v.a. To step over. Overstock, o-ver-$tok', s. Superabimdiuice. — v.a. To fill too full; to crowd. OvERSToRi, o-ver-8to'-re. s. llie upper story. Ovbrsteew, o-ver-strew, v.a. To spre«id over. Overt, o'-vert, a. Open to view ; not liidden ; public. Overtake, o-ver-take', v.a. To come U(* with ; to catch. Overthrow, o-ver thro', v.a To turn upside down : to down ; to bring to destruction. — 8. The state of being overturned; ruin: destruction • defeat; downfaU. [perverse OVKRTHWART, o-ver-thtoav3rt% a. Opposite ; cross ; Overtire, o-ver-tire'^ v.a. To tire to excess. OvERTiTLx 0 rrr-tf-fl, V.a. To give too high a title to. OvERTi.Y, o -vert-le> ad. Opealy ; in open view. Overtop, o-ver~top\ v.a. To rise above the top. ( ) V W HWrtWlTT} fnanf .RA. ... « rT»___ _ V > - Riox. CRUU TC LUC LUU. Overtower, e-ver-touZ-er, v.a. To soar too high. Overtrade, o-ver-trnde'. v.n. To Irade beyond capital. OVEETRADINO, o-ver-tra'-di/ig, e. Buying goods beyond means of payment. ' OvERTRip, o-wr-iH;/, v.a. To trip over. floome OVERTCBE, o'-ver-tu/-e, s. A proposal, a musical pro- Overturn, o-ver-t7ir7i', v.a. To overset; to subvert; — s. otate ot being overturned. Overturner, a-ver-timi'-er, s. One who overturns. Overturning, o-ver-tnrn'-i7ig, s. An oversetting. UVEIIVAIL, o-ver-vule’_ v.a. To cover i to spread over OvERWATcn, o-uer-Miawic/i', v.a. To watch to excess. OVERWEI N , 0-ver-wee7i', v.n. To think too highly. Overweening, o-ver-weew'-msr, a. Vain, conceited. OVERWEENINGLV, 0-ver-ween'-ing-U, ad. With too much conceit. OVERVVHELM, 0-ver-hwel77i', v.a. To overspread or emsh ; to immerse and bear down. OvEnn iirA.iiinavY, 0-ver-h7jielm'-mg-le, ad. In a manner to ovorwhelm. OvKRwiNo, o-ver-wing’, v.a. To outflank. OvicuLAR, o-t'ik'-u.lnr, a. Pertaining to an egg. OvinrcT, o -ve-duki, In animals, Ov passage for the o-vum or egg from the ovai'y to the womb OviGKRous, o-vtj -er-us, a. In zooIoqv, applied to recen- tach.'s in which the eggs are roceiVed ^ OviroHM, o'-ve-jmenn, a. Ilavi.Tg the figure of an egg. Ovine, v ~vin, a. Pertaining to sht-ep, Oviparoi’s, o-vi]! a. Producing eggs OvipositioaN, o-ve-po-sisV-im, I s. Tlie laying or depo- Ovipositing, ) siting of eggs. ^ Ovipositor, o-ve-pos'-e-tur, s. The organ of certain in- sects by which eggs are deposited. cavity in the ovary which im* mediately contains the egg. Ovoid, o'-voyd, 1 a. Having a shape resembling Ovoidal, o-voyd’-al,] that of an egg.-In botmy swelling toward the base. oom77y, Ovolo, o'-vo-lo, 8 . In architecture, a round moulding OvoviviPARous, o-vo-vt-vip'-ar-us, a. A mode of gene- coveriifg ®*-r Ox-stall, oks’-stawl, 8. A stall or stand for oxen. OXreEIT.oAis'-e-fCTi, 8. In chemistry, an electro-nega¬ tive, basifying, and acidifying elementary prmciple . the vital part of the atmosphere, and the supporter of ordinary combustion. OxTorNATE, oks*-e-ien~ate, v.a. To unite with oxy„en. OxTOENATiox, okas-jen-a'-shwi, s. The act or of combining with oxygen. 'i", OiTOENiiABLE, oks-e-jcn-i'-zA-U, a. Capable of beiUa OXTOENIZE, To oxygenate. OxYOENisF.MENT, oks’-e-j^pizC'meut, s. Oxygenation. OXYOENOOS, oks-ij’-en-us, a. Pertaining to oxygen. OxYGOM, ok^-e-gon, s. A figure with acute angles. OxYOONAL, oks-ig'-on-al, a. Having acute , OxYHYDHOGEN, oks-c-ki^-dro-jen, a. to a certain kind of blowpipe, in which oxygen and hydrogen gases are burned together. „„„ j OXYIODINE, oks-e i'-o-din, 6 . In chemistry, a compound of the chloriodic and oxiodic acids. . 1 honey OXYMEL. oks'-e-mel, 8 . A mixture of Vinegar and OxYMURiATE, oAs-tf-weio'-re-a^e, s. Cluonde. OXYSALT, oks'-e-sawU, 8 . In rfiewitsfrp, a compound of an acid and a base. . . OxTTONE, oAs'-e-ione, a. Having an acute sound. ‘ * “svo the ost/ea eduLis. It has several compounds ; as, Oyster-shell, Oysier-icoman, &c. OYSTER-PLA.NT, oys'-ter-plaut, 8. A plant of the genus Ozena, o-ze'- 7 ia, s. A fetid ulcer in the nostril. OzoCENTE, o'-ZO-SOli, s. A fOSSil WUX. _ — Ozocerite, o-zo-ze'-ri<, 8. A mineral like resinous Ozone, o'-zotie, s. A gaseous substance, so caUed from its peculiar smell. , . ^ _, . Ozonometer, o-zo-nom'-e-ter, 8 . An instrument for detecting the presence and quantity of ozone. P. T) is the sixteenth letter of the alphabet, and a labial P articulation. It is used as an abbreviation , as, P.M., post meridiem, after noon ; m.p., member of par¬ liament.—In music, it stands for piano; and p.t. for pranL^a^pafr'-u-inr, a. .Pertaihing to food. Parulation, pab-ti-lct'-shun, Se Act of feeding. plBCL™s7paV-..-l«A, a. Affording aliment; alimental. Pabdlctm, paij'-u-iiim, s. (Lat.) Food ; aliment. Pao pn'-ha,3. A small aiiim^ of South America. Pa ation. va-ka'-shuH, s. The act of appeasing. Pace pase,s. A step ; the space between the two feet ^in walking.-In a military sense a lineal meas^e, usuaUy reckoned at thirty mches from heel to heel. — v.n. To go ; to walk ; to move. — v.a To measure by steps. Paceu , payste, a. Having a pa rticular gait; chiefly used in composition, as slow-paced. Pacer, pa'-ser, s. One who paces , a horse. Pacha, pa-shaw'. See Pashaw. ^ Pachydacttl, pak-e-dak'-t%l, s. An Pachyderm, pak'-e-derm, s. A non-ruminant boofed Pachydermata, pok-e-der'-ma-ta, s.pl. In zoology, an order of mammals distinguished for the thickness of their skins, as the hog or elephant. Pachtdeumatous, pak-e-der'-via-tus, a. rlL^Bivlvt™ak e-u'-rus, s. A genus of thicK^-tailed Pacieic., po-sif' ic, a. Suited to make peace , r,cnue, — 8. The great western ocean. Pacification, pas-e-fe-ka'-shwi, &. The act of making neace between parties, or pacifying wrath. PACiFicAI’OR, '^ur, s. A peace-maker. pACiriCATuRY, pas if'-e-kii tur-e, a. Tending to make ptmriEH pas' e-Jier,s. One who pacifies. [peace. Pa'IFY pas'-e-n, v.a. To appease ; to calm. Pac&, pak, s. A bundle of anything; a Dale; a num¬ ber of cards ; a number of hounds, or of persons united in n, bad design.—P«cA-c2o«/i, a cloth for packing goods. —P(ZC/b-Aor 5 e, a horse employed in canyiug pac^.— 2*a€K ‘man, a peddler.—Pac^i-smidZe, a sadd^ on which hiirdr™ are \a\d,-rack-8taf, a staff on which a pack Is supported.—Pac/t-iftread, strong Pack-uiox, a large tendon m the neck of an animal Pack , v.a. To place in close order ; to put tpgetj^r aJ>» bind fast.—To pack a jury, is to bring together, furors, interested persons. Package, pack'-aje, s. A bundle or bale. Ifollr] %k-.7t: 1: pa'?for package; a packet- PxcTir pif’inp'f'?"'Anrnmerial used in packing substances around the pi^ton of a pump or other tube. p!co, The Peruvian sheep or alpaca. Pacos, pa'-kos, ) See Alpaca. Vjlct, pakt, s. A contract ; an agreement. Paction, pak'-shmi, s. An agreement. Pactional, pak'-shan-ai, a. By wav of agreement. Pactitiocs, poi-f»sV-«s, a. Pad pad, s. Anything flattened, a soft saddle, oi bolster ; a foot-path ; an easy-paced horse; a robh.-r. — v.a. To stuff with padding. — v.n. To travel slowly. r-fonoo Padar, pad'-ar, s. Coarse flour or meal. .^stance. Padded, pad'-ded pp. or a. Stuffed vrith * Padding, pod'-dinp. s. The material used “ of coats, saddles, &c.—In cahco-prmtmg, the impre^, prouL™ pLp-d^vm^" To“owrto play in the water. Z I'^'a brold" but'fhon oar ; the blade or broad part of an oar; a term applied to the broad boards at fbe eSmference of a water-wheel.-Paf/rf/e-6ox, a term applied to the wooden projections on each of^ steam-boat.-Faddle-wheel, a water-wheel used in propelling steam-boats. ■PADDLER vad'-dler.s. One who paddles. . Paddock’ pad'-dok, s. A large toad or frog, a small in- closure under pasture.—Paddoci-sfooi, a P'o.nt^of^the pfunf p^". Anlrishman.-ln the Pasf, a tern; Padish’a, pad-c-shav/,%■ A title of the rurkish sultan and Persian shah. . ^ _. Padlock, pad'-lok, s. A lock hung on a staple. — v.a. To fasten with a padlock. VkH'sx.Qypad'-iiagi s. An ‘^^bUng nag. ptS^soY,'pad-«-d-toy'l^. \ kind of silk stuff. ^Z7i!’pe^o%l s^iTelus with large showy flowers, of the order ita?i«nc«/ac«tf. Pagan, pa'-gan, s. A heathen; an idolater. — a. Heathenish ; idolatrous. , Paganish, pa'-gan-ish, a. Heathenish. Paganism pa'-gan-izm, s. The worship of false gods. ptotSizE, pa'-f««-izr, ’T.a. To convert to heathenism — v.n. To behave like pagans. Page paie, 8. A boy attending on a great poison feu ^ showVone side of a leaf of a book.-Pnpes, books^o^r -Writings. ^ , attend, as ;i Pageant, pa'-jent or paj'-ent, 8. A tnumphal car, o spectacle; anything showy. f X. -- Show; pom- pous exhibition. Pagehood, pcyV-/iooci, s. The state of a page. Paginal, paj'-e-nal, a. Consisting of pages. Pa.qi'so, pa'-jiiigy8- The marking of pages. Pagoda, pa-go'-da, 8. An eastern temple; an idol; a void or silver coin current m Hindostan. __ pi'GDHfiNS.pd pe-p -re-ons. s.pl. A tribe of Crustaceans, known as solaier-crabs. Pah, pd, s A stockaded intrenchment. PiiD.pad*?, pret. and pp. of Pay ; pota ior payeda Pail, pale, s An open vessel of wood, tin, ■Sc. Pailful, pale’-fid, s. The quantity a pad will hold. Paillasse, pal-ijas, 8. (Fr.) An under bed of stww . Pain, pane, s. An uneasy sensation m animm bodies . laborious effort; uneasiness of mind ; the throes oi parturition ; punishment for crime. L™re. — v.a. To cause uneasiness , to labmu; to aff.rt or tor- Painfdl, pane’-ful, a. Giving pain to the body or nind ; disqnieting ; troublesome. , L®'^ pAmFULLY.Vne'-ftii-ie, ad. -With uneasiness of body pAtNFULNEss, panef-ful-nes^ 8. Uneasiness of body, (S distress of mind. Painim,± pa'-nim, s. A pagan ; an iMdel. Painless, pane'-les, a. Fr^e from pmn or t^o^bje. PAiNSTAKBRjt parifis'-^a-^'ii’, 8. A labonoufl person. Showy; pompous; ostentatious. XTRY. oa -ient-re or paj'-en-tre, i PAINSTAKIITG [ 656 ] PALTEEEE t*Aiw®rAKiNo, pane^^ta-kingf a. I^borloxis; indus- — 8. Laboiir; great industry. [trious. Paint, paynty v.a. To cover or besmear witli colour; to represent by colours or images; to colour, picture, draw, or describe. — v.u. To piactice painting. [anything; rouge. — 8. A substance used in painting; colour j'epresenting Painter, paynt'-er, s. One whose occupation is to paint; one skilled in representing things in colours; a rope at the bow of a boat.— Painter-stainery a painter of coats of arms.— Painters'-colic, a peculiar disea&e to which painters are subject. Painting, pmjnt'-iny, s. The act or employment of laying on colours ; a picture ; a likeness in colours. F'AiNTuaB, paynV-yuT, s. The art of painting. Pair, pure, s. Two things of a kind ; a couple. ~ v n. To be joined in pairs ; to couple. — v.a. To unite in couples. Pair-off, pare-of, v.n. To separate from a company in pairs. — Pairing off, in Parliament, is when two members, of opposite politics, agree to be absent from voting. Pairi.\g-time, s. The time when birds couple. [ing shells. rAixHAN Gun, payAs'-an ptm, s. A howitzer for throw- Palace, pal'-ase, s. A splendid place of residence. Paladin, pal'-d-din,%. A knight-errant. Palanquin, 1 , , . / s. A covered carriage I'iLAMKEEN,) P anketti, ^ Clmia, &c., borne on the shoulders. Palatable, pal'-d-td-bl, a. Agreeable to the taste: savoury. [the taste. Palatableness, pal'-d-td-bl-nes, s. Agreeahleuess to Palatal, pal'-d-tal, a. Pertaining to the palate. — s. A letter pronounced by the palate. Palate, pal'-ate, s. The roof or uj^per part of the mouth; intellectual taste; relish. Palatial, pa-la'-she-al, a. Pertaining to the palate; 1 becoming a palace ; magnificent. [tine. \ Palatinate, pa-lat'-e-nate, s. The province of a pala- I Palatine, pal'-d-tine, a. Pertaining to a pa.tice ; regal; I assessing royal privilege.s, hence the ancient title of Chuniies Palatine, as applied to the counties of Ches- ( ter, Durham, and Lancaster. * — 8. One invested with roy^ privileges. Palaver, pal~d'-ver, s. Idle talk. v.a. or v.n. To deceive by words; to flatter. Palaverer, pal-df-verier, s. A flatterer. Pale, pale, a. Whitish ; wan ; pallid. — v.a. To make pale ; to inclose with pales. — v.n. To turp pale. [an inclosure. — 8. A narrow board used in fencing; a pointed stake; Pale-eyed, pale'-ide, a. Having eyes dimmed. Pali-faced, pale'-fayste, a. Having a wan face. Pale-hearted, pale'-hart'-ed, a.. Dispirited. Paleaceous, pa-le-a'-she-us, a. Resembling or fur¬ nished w'ith chaff. Palely, pale'-le. ad. Wanly ; not ruddily. Paleness, pale'-nes, s. Wanness ; W'anl of freshness. Paleographx, pa-Le-og'-ra-fe, s. Study of ancient writings. Paleoi.ogist, pa-le-ol'-o^i&t,^. A writer on antiquity. 1 ALKOLOQY, pa-le-ol'-o-je, s. Discourse on antiquities. Pai.eosacp-’s, pa-le-o-saw'-rus, s. A fossil saurian. Paleon'’;>i.ogy, ,pa-le-on~tol'-o~je, s. Science of, or a discoui-se on, ancient beings. Paleotherium, pa~le-o-the'-re-um, s. A large pig-like quadruped, now extinct. Paleous, pn'-le-us, a. Chaffy ; like chaff. Paleoeihc, pa-lt-o-zo'-ik, a. In geology, a term applied to the lowest fossiliferous strata; and also to the earliest forms of life. [over cattle. Pales, pa'-les, s. In mythology, goddesses presiding Palestra, pa-Zes'-irA, s. A place of wrestling. Palestric, pd-les'-trik, a. Pertaining to wrestling. Palftte, po/'-#»i. See Pallet. Palfrey, pai4'/'-/re, s. A small horse fit for ladies. Pki-iTJcsTWH,pal-e-/e-ka'-shtm, s PaJe-driving. pAi.iLOGT pa-til'-o-je, s. A repetition of a word. Pai.impsest, pa-livip'-s^st, s. Parchment manuscript w ritien on a second time. Palindrome, pal'-in-drome, 8. A word or verse that is the same when read backward or forward. Paling, pa'-^iny, s. A fence formed with pales. PALiNOENEsiA,pdi-/m-/e-ne'-5ici, s. A new birth; a rege- J|alinodb, pal’-in-ode, s. A recantation. [neration. 1 AL 18 ADE, pal'-e-sade, s. A fence or fortification of — v a. To inclose or fortify with stakes, [stakes. Palish, paW-ish, a. Somewhat pale or wan. Pall, pawl, s. A Cloak; a mantle of state; the cloth used at funerals; $ nausea, or nauseating. — v.a. To cloak ; to cover; to make vapid or insipid; to make spiritless , to cloy. — v.n. To become vapid or insipid. [funeral pall Pall-bearer, pawl'-ba-rer, s. One who holds up the* rA.i.hh.DW'fA, pal-la'-de-xim, s. A defence or protection a grayish metal found with platinum. Pallas, pal'-las, %. In mythology, the goddess of wis¬ dom.—Li astron., a small planet or asteroid. Pallet, pa/'-it-i, 8. Among a little oval table or board on which the paUlter places his colours; a name given to diflerent implements used in pottery, gilding, horology, surgery, &c.; a small bed. Pallial, paZ'-/tf-a/, a. In conch., pertaining to mantles. pALLiAMENT,t pal'-le-a-meui, s. A dress ; a robe. Palliasse, pal-le-yas' , Sa* Paillasse. Palliate, pal'-le-ate, v.a. To excuse ; to extenuate. Palliation, pal-Ic-a'-shim, s. Act of palliating. Palliative, pul'-le-d-tiv, a. Extenuating ; alleviating. — 8. That which extenuates. Pallid, par-Zit/, a. Pale; wan. PALLiDiTY,-t pai-lid'-e-te, B. Paleness. Pallidly, paZ'-Ztti-/c, ad. Palely; wanly. Pallidness, pa/'-/id-nes, s. Paleness; wanness. Palling, pawl'-mg, s. Insipidity. Pallium, pal'-le-um, s. (Lat.) A short white cloak, with a red cross, worn by Catholic priests. Pall-mall, pel-mel', s. A play in w'hich a ball is driven through an iron ring by a maUel; a street in London. 1 ALM, pam, 8. The inner part of the hand ; a hand’s breadth; a lineal measure of three inches, an Eastern . plant (the Palni-tree), of which there are many im¬ portant varieties.—Pa/nt-oi7 is a vegetable oil obtained I from the fruit of several species of palms, j — v.a. To impose by fraud ; to handle. [ Palmace^, pdl-ma'-se-e, \ s. A natural order of En- j Palmas, paZ'-we, ) dogenous plants, the Palms. I Palma Christi, paZ'-m« ArtV-Zt, 8. (Lat.) An annual I plant, whose seeds furnish the castor-oil of medicine. Palmacites, pal'-md-sites, s. A genus of fossil palms from the coal formation. Palmapedes, p'dl'-md-pedes, s.pl. Swimming web¬ footed birds, the An&eres of Linnaeus. Palmar, pdl'-mar, a. Of the breadth of the hand. Palmary, pdl'-md-re, a. Principal; capital; pcitaining to a palm. [web-footed. 1ALMATE, pdl'-mate, a. Having the shape of a hand ; Palmates, pdl'-mates, s.pl. A genus of salts formed from palmic acid. Palmer, pdm'-er, s. A pilgrim or crusader. Palmer-worm, pdin'-er-wurm, 8. A hairy worm. Palmetto, pal-met'-to, s. A species of palm-tree. Palmic Acid, pdl'-mik as'-id, s. An acid obtained from palmine. Palmiferous, pal-mif'-er~us, a. Bearing palms. Palmine, pdl'-min, s. A substance from castor-oil. Palmiped, pdl'-me-ped, a. Web-footed, as a water-fowl. — s. A web-footed swimming bird. PaLMISTRV- ntiV.min-t.vfi a TIio tolHr — o. .a. weu-iouceu swimming oira. Palmistry, pdV-mis-tre, s. The telling fortunes by the lines on the palm of the hand. Palm-sunday, pdm' sun-da, 8. Sunday before Easter. Palmy, po7/i'-y, a. Bearing palms ; fiourishing. Palo-di-vA ccA, pd-lo-de-vak'-kd, s. The cow-tree. Palp, palp, s.; s.pl. Pai>pi. In entumotogy, a jointed sensiferous organ attached in paii-s to the lower jaw of insects. P alpa-bility , pal-pd-biV-e-te, s. Perceptibility by touch Palpable, pal'-pd-bl, a. Perceptible to the touch. Palpableness, prt/'-pd!-6Z-«es, s. Plainness, obviousness. Palpably, ad. Plainly, obviously. Palpation, pal-pa'-shun, s. Act of feeling. Palpebral, pal'-pe-bral,A. Pertaining to the eyebrows. Palpebrous, paL'-pe-brus, a. Having large eyebrows. Palpiform, pal'-pe-fawrm, a. Having the form of palpi. Palpigerous, pal-pij'-er-us, a. Bearing feelers. Palpitate, pal'-pe-tate, v.u. To beat, as the heart. Palpitation, pal-pe-ta'-shun,8. A beating of the heart. Palsgrave, pawlz'-grave, s. A count or earl who has the superintendence of the king's palace. Palsical, paieZ'-ze-iaZ. i ^ ^ Palsied, pawl'-zid, J Aff^^cted with palsy. Palsy ^ paivl'-ze, s. A privation of motion or feeline; an abolition of function; paralysis. — v.a. To pai’alyze ; to destroy function. Palter, pawl'-ter, v.n. To shift; to dodge. Palterer, pawl'-ter-er,8. One who rftltere or dodges. PALTEILY [ C57 ] PAPER pALTRiLY, patoV-tre-ley ad. In a paltry mjmner. Paltriness, pawV-tre-nes^ s. The state of l>ein^ paltry. Paltry, a. Kaf??ed ; mean; worthless. Paludal, pa-lu'-dal, a. Pertaining: to marshes. Palt, pa' fe a. Pale; wanting colour.—In herald>y, di-vided by r»^es into four equal parts. Pam vam, s. The knave of clubs. „ , Pampas, pam'-pas^ s.pl. Pampir, partV-peTy v.a. To feed to the full, to glut. Pampered, pam'-perd, pp. or a. Fed high. Pampering, pnm'-per-xngyS. ^ , Pamphlet, s. A small unbound booli. — v.a. To write pamphlets. P^MPHLETKOR, pam-Jlet-eer^ Pamphleteering, pavi-fiet-eer'-xng, a. Publishing A broad shallow vessel; the part of a flre- arni which holds the priming.—In mythology, the god vlllc^tX-A-se’-A, s. (Pat A universal medicine. Pan ado, pii-na’-do, 8. (Sp.l A bread pulp ; food. Panary, pan'-ci-re, A Pertaining to bread. Pancake, A thin cake fried in a pan. pTNetarE 1 , , , I s. A royal charter granted piNcnlRTE I to a subject. Panch panch, s. Among stainea, a.thick mat. V^ll’Jto,pan-hrat'-^K a. Excelling in plN^afrisT, pan’-M-tist, s. One who excels tn gjm- ptNCnt^iuM, p««-W-fe-Mm, s. An athletic contest. ^InSeIs 8- ^ ; the sweet-bread. p1:ncrL«c, pan-kre-at'-ik, a. Pertaining to the pan- creas-PanJrcafic juice, the frjid secreted by the crea». rui j pancreas. prNCREATi'xis, pan-cre-a-ti’-tis, s. Inftamniation of PANutfS Pip 4, ^ hihsical "’“'b piSDE?“‘'pc«'- a '\ s. Popery; the docrines of Papistry, pa’-pis-trt, I Popery Papist, pa'-pist,&. A Roman Catholic. Papistic, pa'-pis-tik, a. Popish pAPizEi), pa' pixe'd, a Conformed to popery. pAPPous, pap'-pu8, a. Downy. Pappus, s. (Lat.) The feathery calyx of florets. Pappy, pn^-pe, a. Like pap ; succulent. Papcl.*, s.pl. fLat.) Pimples. Papulous, pnp'-n-lus, a 'Full of pimples. Papyraceous, pap-e-ra'-se-us, di. Belonging to papyrus, of the consistency of paper Papyrus, pa-pi'-rws, 8. (Lat.) An Egyptian reed which the ancients used for paper ; a written scroll. Par, par, 6. (Lat.) State of equality ; equal value. Parable, par'-d-bl, s. A fable or allegorical relation. — v.a. To represent by fiction. Parabola, /?ar-a6'-o-/d, 8. (Lat.) A conic section. Parabole, par-aiy~o~l€, s. Similitude ; comparison. Parabolic, par-a-boV-ik, a. Expressed by parable; having the form of a parabola;—ad. Farabolically. Paraboliporm, par-d-hoV-e-fawrm, a. Resembling a parabola. Paracelsian, par~&-8eV-se-an,^. Denoting the medical practice of Paracelsus. [cularity. Paracentric, par-d-sen’-trik, a. Devlatmg-from cir- PARACHR 0 NisM,p^me, s. A gaUcrj- without any Paraffine, pnr’ d-/een, A tasteless, inodorous fatty matter, derived from the distillation of the tar of beech-wood [letters to the end of a word. ''araoooe, par-d-go'-je, s. The addiiion of one or more Paragon, par' d-gon, 8- A model or pattern. — v.a To compare ; + ti> equal. —y v.n To pretend equality. Paragram. por'-d-graiH, s. A play Upon words. Paragrammatist, par-d-grain' Tnd-tisi,s. A punster. Paragraph, par’-d graf, s. Subdivision of a discourse, generally dLstinguished by a break in the lines. “V.a. To form or write paragraphs. [graphs. Varagraphic, par-.d-^yftf'^,ik, a. Consisting of para- Pa rallactic , par-al-ldit-tik , a. Pertaining to a parallax. Parallax, por'-cMrtft.s, s. The change or position of a celestial body in consequence of being viewed froa different parts. Parallel, par '- al - lel , a. Extenaed in the same direc¬ tion, and in all parts equally distant.— ruler a mathematical instrument formed of two equal rulers, movable about joints, but always remaining pai’allel Parallel, s. A line which, throughout its whole extent, is equidistant from anotlier line.—Para//eZs of longU tude are small circles on the teiTChtrial sphere parallel to the equator. — v.a. To level; to equal; to correspond. Parallelism, par '- al - lel - izm , s. State of being parallel Parallelogram, par - al - UV - lo - gram , s. A right-lined quadrilateral figure, whose opposite sides are parallel Paralogism, par - al '- o - jizm , s. In logic , fal.se reasoning Paralogize, par - aV - o - jize , v.a. To reason falsely. Paralogy, par-a/'-o-^'e, 8- False reasoning, [function. Paralysis, par - al '- e - sis , s. Palsy; an abolition ol Paralytic, par - d - lit '- ik , a. Affected with palsy. — 8. A person affected with palsy. Paralyze, par '- d - Lize ., v.a. To affect with palsy. PiRAMETER, pd - rum ’- c-ter, s. In geometry , the constant quantity which enters into the equation of a curve. Paramount^ par'-A-moicni, a. Superior to all others. — B. The highest in rank. Paramour, par'-A-woor, s. (Fr.) A lover ; a mistress. Paran.ar'-«e-#iA-re, 8. Coheirship. [scent. Parcener, pdr '- se - ner , 8. One who holds lands by de- Parch, pdrtch , v.a. To scorch • to dry. — v.n. To be scorched. Parcredness, pdrtch ' ed - nes . s. State of being scorched. Parchment, pdrtch '- meni , 8. 'I'he skin of a sheep dres-sed and rendered fit for writing on. Pard, pdrd , 8 . The lcoi)ard, or any spotted beast. Pardon, p ' dr ' dn , v.a. To grant forgiveness. — s. Forgivene^iS , remission of a penalty. Pardonable, pard'-n(i-6i, a. ^■eni^ , excusable. Pardoner, pdrd ' ner ,%. One who forgives. Pare, pare , v.a. To cut or shave off. Paregoric, par - e - gor ’- ik , a. Soothing ; assuaging pain. — 8. A medicine that mitigates pain. Parenchyma, par - en '- ke - ma , s. ^ anatomy , the soUd part of the viscera; a spongy substance.—In botany . the pith of plants. ^entozoa Parenchtmata, par - en - kim '- d - td , s.pl. An order of PAEENETIO [ 659 ] PARTING- Parenetic, par-e-nelf-ik, a. Hortatory; encouraging. Parent, pa'-rcni, 8. A father or mother. Parentage, par’-en~tajey 9 . Extraction ; hirth. Parental, p&-reyV-taly a. Pertaining to parents; affectionate. Parenthesis, ph~ren'-thesis, s. An interlocutory sen¬ tence, containing certain intermediate woriis, thus indicated ( ) Parenthetical, par-en-thet'-e-kal, a. Expressed in a parenthesis ;—ad. Parenthetically. Parenticide, pa-rew'-f(J-side, s. One who kills a parent. Parentless, pa'-rent-lrs, a. Deprived of parents. Parer, pa'-rer, s. An instrument for paring. Pargasite, pdr-gAsite, s. A variety of hornblende. Parget, par'-jet, s. Rough plaster; ^ gypsum; paint. — v.a. To plaster walls. Pargeter, par'-jet-er, s. A plasterer. Parhelion, par-heV-yun, s.; pi. Parhelia. A mock sun or meteor. Pariah, pa'-re-d, s. One of the lowest class of people in Hindostan ; an outcast. Parian, pa'-re-an, a. Pertaining to the isle of Paros ; whence Parian marble and the Parian Chronicle re¬ ceived their names. Parian^e, pa-re-a'-ne,%p\. A family of small birds, of which the Parus, or Titmouse, is the type. Parietal, pa-ri'-e-tal, a. Pertaining to or within the sides of anything; thus, the parietal bones form the sides and upper part of the skull. Parilitv, pa-ril'-e-te,% Resemblance. Paring, pare'-ing, s. That which is pared off; rind. Parish, par'-ish,^. The precincts of a parish church, the inhabitants of which belong to the s^me church. —Parish clerk is a subordinate lay function^ the church. — a. Belonging to or maintained by the parish. Parishioner, pa-rish'-un-er, s. One who belongs to a parish. [number of syllables. pARisTLLABic. par-e-sil-lob'-ik, a. Having an equal Paritor, par-e-tur, 8. A beadle; a summoner of the courts of civil law. Parity, paP-e-te, s. Equality ; like state. Pare, park, s. A large piece of grotpid enclosed for public or private recreation.—A park of artillery, an assemblage of heavy ordnance. — v.a. To inclose in a park. Parker, t pdrk'-er, s. A park-keeper. Parlance, pd)''-lanse, s. Conversation. Parle, $ p'drle, v.n. To talk ; to converse. Parley, pdr'-le, v.n. To discuss orally ; to treat with. — s. Mutual discourse or conversation; conference with an enemy. , ^ Parliament, par'-le-ment. s. The general council of the nation, constituting the legislature, and consisting of the SoTereign, the lords spiritual and temporal, and the house of commons. Parllkmentarias, pdr-le-men-tn'-re-an, s. An adhe¬ rent to Parliament in the time of Charles I. Parliamentary, pdr-le-nien'-tu-re, a. Pertaining to paiiiainent; according to the usages of parliament. pARLoi R, pdr'-hir,&. The room in a house which the family usually occupy. Parlous, t pdr'-lns, a. Sprightly ; waggish. Parmesan, pdr'-me-san, s. A delicate sort Of cheese, first made at Parma. Parn ASi-^iAN, pdr-nas'se-an, a. Pertainin" to Parnassus. Parnassus, pdr-nas'-sxis, s. A celebratca mountain in Greece, anciently considered sacred to the Muses. Parochial pfi-ro'-ke-al, a. Belonging to a parish. pAROCHiALiTY, pd-ro-ke-al'-c-te, s. State of being paro- Parochian, pd-ro'-ke-an, s. A parishioner. [chial. Parodi:, par-od'-ik, a. After the manner of parody. Parodist, par'-o-dist, s. One who makes parodies. Parody, par'-o-de, s. Change of another’s words or thoughts ; a poetical pleasantly ; a burlesque. — v.a. To alter ; to copy by way of parody. Parole, pd-ro/e', s. Word aiven as an assurance , pro¬ mise given by a prisoner of war, when he has leave to depart ti-om custody, that he will return at the time appointed ; the military password. — a. Oral, not written. Paronomasia, par-on-o-ma'-se-d, s. A play on worite. Barony Moi's. p(jr-o)t'-€-inus,‘A.. Of the same derivation. Parouuet, paP-o-ket, s. A small species of parrot. Parotid, pctT-oi'-i£J,a. Pertaining to glands near tjieear. Parotis, par-(/-tia, s. The parotid gland. [gland. : Parotitis, par-o-ti'-tis, s. Inflammation of the parotid Faboxtsm, par'-oks-izm, 8. A fit of any disease. pAROXYSMAL,par-o/cs-ta'-mai, a. Pertaining to paroxysnj* Parquetry, pdr'-ket-re, s. inlaid cabinet-work. Parr, par, 8. Young salmon. Parrakeet, par'-ra-Aeei;, s- A small species of parrot. Parrhesia, par-i'e'-^c-d, s. Freedom of speech Parricidal, par-r«-«t'-artZ, a. Pertaining to panicide. Parricide, par'-r«-5tdc, s. A person who murders his father or motlier ; the murder of a parent. Parried, par'-rid, pp. of the verb to parry. Parrock, par'-rok, s. A small field ; a paddock. Parrot, par'-roi, 8. A bird of the genus psittacus, re¬ markable for beautiful colours, and its powers of imitating the human voice. . Parrot-fish, par'-rot-fish, s. A fish of the tropical seas. Parrotry, par'-rot-re , s. Seiwilc imitation, like parrots ParrY, par'-rtf, v.a. or v.n. To wai’d off; to fence. Parse, pci^'se, v.a. In grammar , to show the several parts of speech composing a sentence. Parsee, par'-stftf, s- A Persian tire worshipper. Parseeism, par'-see-isyn, s. The religion cT the “arsecs. Parsimonious, pcir-se-wo'-ne-ws,a. Covetous; niggardly. Parsimoniousness, pdr-se-mo-ne-us-nes, s. A sparing Use of money. Parsimony, pa>''-se-7»07i-tf, 8. Closeness in expenditure. Parsing, p'drst ing, s. The resolving a sentence into its Parsley, pcirs'-itf, 8. A culinary herb. [elements. Parsnip, par«'-ntfp, s. An esculent root. Parson, par's?!, s. A clergyman ; a parish incumbent. Parsonage, par's?! aje,s>. An ecclesiastical benefice ; the residence of the incumbent. Part, pari, s. A portion, piece, or fragment; some¬ thing less than all; particular office or business; character appropriated in a play.—Paris, qualities; powers ; accom^shments.—In grammar, the classifi¬ cation of mirds, called paris of speech. — v.a. To divide ; to sever into two or more pieces ; to distribute. [tom asunder. — v.n. To be separated or detached; to break or to be PARTAQE,tpar'-fq;c, s. Division; severance. Partake, par-take^, v.n. To take a part or share, in common with others. — v.a. To have a part in; to share. Partaker, p'dr-ta'-ker, 8. A sharer ; a participator.^ pARTAKiNo,par-^a'-A;mp,8. An associating, combination. Parted, pdrt'-ed, pp. or a. Separated ; severed. Parter, p'drtf-er, s. One who separates. Parterre, par-^arc', 8. (Pr.) In gardening, a system of beds of different shapes and sizes. [at Athens. Parthenon, p'dr-ih^-nun , s. The temple of Minerva Partial, pdr'-shal, a. Biased in favour of one party. pARTiALisTjt p'dr*shal-ist, s. One who is partial. Partiality, p'dr-she-aV-e-te, s. Inclination to favour one party or side more than another; an undue bias of mind. PARTiALizEjd pdr'shal-ize, v.a. To render partial. Partially, pdr'shal-le, ad. With undue bias of mind- Partibility, pdr-te-bil'-e-te, 8. Separability. Partible, pdr* te-bl. a. Divisible ; jseparable. Participable, pdr-cis'-e-pd-bl, a.. That may be shared. P.vRTiciPANT, par-iw'-c-pani, a. Shariug; having part. — 8. A partaker. [a share in. Participate, pdr-tis’-e-pate, v.n. To partake ; to have — v.a. To partake ; to share. Participation, par-^i5-tf-pa'-«7iMn,8. Thesharingin com¬ mon with others; distribution; division into shares.^ Participative, pUr-tis'-e-pa-tiv, a.. Capable of partici¬ pating. Participator, pdr-tis'-e-pa'-tur, s. A partaker with another. [eiple. Participial, par-tesip'-e-al, a. Formed from a parti- Participle, pdr'-te-sip'l, 9. In graiyimar, a word so called because it partakes of the properties of a noun and of a verb. Particle, pdr'-te-kl, s. A minute portion of matter, an atom, or molecule.—In grammar, a word not varied or inflected. Particular, par-tik'-u-lar, a. Pertaining to a single person or thing, not general; singularly nice in taste , peculiar; precise or exact. [detail of things — s A single instance, a distinct part, a minute pARTicn.ARiTY, pdr-tik-u-lar'-e-te^ s. Distinct notice or specification of particulars; mnmteness in detail pARTu uLARtZATioN, pdr-tik-n-lar-e-z i'stnm. s .\ct particularizing. [enumerate in detail. Particularize, pdr-tik'-n-lar-ize, v.a. To mention 01 — v.n. To be attentive to single tilings. Particularly. p‘dr-til^-u-lar-le, ad. Distinctly. Parting, p'drv-tng, a. Given at separation. PAETIF& [ 6G0 ] PATENT pAmTiifo, pSrf'-tn^, 8. Diyision; separation. Partisan, p'dr'-t^-zany s. An adherent to a party or faction ; a kind of halberd. — a. Employed in irregular warfare. Partisanship, /jcir' te-zan-ship,s„ Adherence to a party. Paritie, i''dr'-tile,s. In divided. Partition, par-ZtsA'-wn, s. Division; separation. — v.a. To divide into shares. Partitive, p'dr'-ti-tiv, a. In distributive. Partlet,^ part'-let, s. A ruff; a I'aiid or collar. Partly , pari'-ie, ad- In part ; not wholly. Partner, piirt'-ner, s. One who partakes or shares with another; a joint own*^’* of stock or capital em¬ ployed in business; one who dances with another; a husband or Avife. —f v.a. To associate with. Partnership, ship^ s. Tlie association of per- s >ns for tin* purpose of business ; joint interest. PA.iiTooK, pdr-took', pret. of par ake. VKRVR\\>G^,pdr’ trijp., s. A wild gallinaceous bird, of the genus perdrix. — Part'-^dge-wood is a variegated wooa much esteemed for cabinet-work. Parts, ptiWs, s.1)1. Qualities; accomplishments. PAR rvRiATE,tpci>-feM)'-r<;-rt^e, v.n. To oring forth young. Parturient, par-fm'-rp-nn^, a. Bringing forth young. Parturition, par-in-n'sA'-ioi, s. The bringing forth. Partt^ pdr'-te, 8. A number of persons united in opinion or design . a select company. In military rt^airs, a detachment of troops. The word admits of various compounds, which are self-expressive, as Party-coloured^ Party-fence-ioall, Party-juryy Party- man, Party-spirit, Party-wall, &c. pAHTYiSM,par'-ic-i3ja, s. Devotion to party. Parvenu, par-re-nPte', s. (Fr.) An upstai^. l^ARviTUDE,^ pciP-t’e t€wd,s. Littleness. PAS,pa, s. Step; precedence. PAst H4 pask, s. The passover.— Pasch-egg, an egg pre¬ sented to children at Easter. Paschal, pas'-kal, a. Pertaining to the passover. Pa8cuage,+ pas'-kcw-aje, s. Grazing of cattle. Pash, pMs/i, s. A blow. Vxrmwf,pd-shaw', s. A Turkish viceroy. PASiGRAPHV,pd;-sip'-rd;-/e,8. System of universal writing. PAsurB-FLOAVLR,pas’.'-^otecr, s. A species of anemone, growing in Europe and Siberia,.and usually flowering about Easter. PASQuiN,pffs'-A:?cm, Is. A lampooner coarse P.AsaciNADE,pas'-A:MJui- v.n. To walk abroad. P ATH-FLY, path'-fiiy 8. A fly found in foot-paths. Path-keeping, path-keep'-ing, a. Keeping in the path. Pathem YTic, path-e~mat'-ik, s. Designating affection or suffering. [sions. Pathetic, pa-thef-iky a. Affecting or moving the pas- s. Style adapted to awaken the jiassions. Pathetically, pd-thet'-e-kai-le, ad. In a moving manner. [tender passions. '^ATHETicALNEss, pa-thet'-e^kdl-iies, s. Moving of the Pathless, pa^/i'-/es, a. Having no beaten way. Pathognomonic, pa-thog-no-mon'^ik, a. Indicating disease. . [sions. Pathoonomy, ph-thog’-no-me, s. Expression of the pas- Pathological, pd-tho-lqj'-e-kal, a. Pertaining to pa¬ thology. • Pathologist, pd-thoV-o-jist, s. A writer on pathology. Fjltuoloqy, pfi-thol'~ 0 ‘je, s. A treatise on diseases. Pathos, pn'-thos,s. Warmth of feeling; tenderness. Pathway, pdth'-ica, s. A path ; a way or course. PatiblEjJ pat'-e-hl, a. Sufferable. PATJBeLARY,pa-^i6'-u-iar-e, a. Helongingtothe gallows. Patience, pa'-sheiise, s. The suii’ering of aifiictions ; calm endurance. Patient, pa'-shenty a. Sustaining afflictions of body or mind Yvith calmness ; not easily provoked. — s. A person diseased or suffering bodily indisposi¬ tion ; a sick person. Patiently, pa-shent-le, ad. With composure , quietly. Patina, pat'-e-nd, s. (Ital.) The colour or incrustation which age gives to coins or works of art. Patly, pat'-le, ad. Fitly ; conveniently. • Fatness, prtP-nes, 8. Fitness; suitableness. F ^TOiSj pat'-waiOyS. (Fr.) A dialect; a provincialism. Patriarch, pa'-tre-arky s. The head of a family or church ; an eastera dignitary. PATRiARCHALjpa-tr^-ar'-fco/, a. Pronging to patriarchs. Patriauchate, pa'-tre-ar-katej) s. Jurisdiction or resi- Patriarchy, prt'-tre-nr-A:e, j dence of a patriarch. Patriarchism, pa'-tre-ar-kizmy s. Government by a patriarch. Patrician, pa-irtsA'-an, a. Senatorial; noble. — s. A nobleman. ^ [cestors. Patrimonial, pnt-re-mo'-ne-aly a. Inherited from an- Patrimony, pai'-r eP-Ad-Z>Z, a. Liable to sin. Veccadili.o, pek-kd-dil'-lo, s. A petty crime or fault. Yeccancy, pek'-kan-se, Sinfulness. I^CCANT. pek'-kanf, a. Sinning; criminal ; morbid. .EccARY. peA*'-Art-re, s. A South American quadimned nearly n lated to the hog. ^ {^eccavi, pek ka'-ve. (Lat.; A colloquial word used to express contrition or error. Peck, pek , s. The fourth part of a bushel. *“ To strike with the be^; to pick up food with the beak > to strike with small and repeated blews Pecker, peV er, s. One who pecks ; a woodpecker. Pecora, pek'-o-rd, s.pl. (Lat.) In the Linnaean system, the fifth order of Mammalia; as, the camel, sheep, &c. PECTATE,peA-'-/aZe, 8. A substance formed from pectic acid. Pecten, pek'‘ten,s. A vascular membrane in the eyei of birds ; a genus of bivalves. Pectin, pek'-tin, s. The gelatinizing principle of certain fruits, such as apples, carrots, Pectic rtr/tZ is (obtained from the action of an aikali on pectin. Pectinal, peA'-Zin-rtZ, a. Rt'sembliiig a comb. — 8. A fish whose bones resomhie a comb. Pectinate, pek'-tin-ote, i a. Having resemblance to Pectinated, pek’-tin-a-ted, j the teeth of a comb. Pectination, peA-Zt/i-rt'-s/itm, 8. State of being pecti¬ nated ; a combing of the head. Pec’I'In iBRANi HiATr, pck-tin-e-brang'-kc-ate, a. In ichth., having pectinated gillss.pl. Pectinibran- cliiates. pECTOLiTE, pek'-to-Hte, s. A grey mineral. Pectoral, pek'-tur-al, a. Pertaining to the breast, or to the fore fins of a fish. — s. A breast-plate; a sacerdotal habit. Pectrii.oqc pek-lrH'-o-kwtzm, » s. Speech or voice Pectriloucy, peA-Zr/Z'-o-Aice, | coming from the chest, when applying tlic stethoscope. Peculate, peA'-u-ZaZe, v.n. To defraud tlie public. PEcuLA'rioN,p('A-?*-Zrt -shun, s. Fraud or einhezzleinent ot public money to one’s own use. [pubiic money. PECULATOR, pf'A-u-Zrt'-Zur,s- (Lat.) One who embezzles PECVL 1 A.R,pe-kew'-le-ar, R. Appropriate; singular; be¬ longing to a nation, or other thing. “ . IJxylusive property ; a particular parish or church which has the probate of wills.-The (Jourt of Peculiars Canterbury^^^^^^^^^^ belonging to the Archbishop of Peculiarity, p€-Aet4>-Ze-aP-«-fe, s. Something peculiar, Peculiarize, pe-kew'-le-ar-ize, v.a. To make peculiar. Peculiarly, pe-Am'-Ze-ffr-Ze, ad. Particularly. Pecuniary, pe-kew'-ne-ar-e, a. Relating to money. Ped, ped, s. A small pack-saddle; a hamper. PEpkQoGic, ped-d-gof-ik, a. Suiting a pedagogue, PEDkGOGisn,p€d'-d-go-Jiz7n, s. Mannersof a pedagogue. Pedagogue, ped'-d-gog, s. A teacher of children, a schoolmaster; a pedant. — v.a. To teach with a pedantic air. Pedagogy, ped'-d-gog-e, s. Preparatory discipline. P®i>a.l, pt' -fZrtZ, a. Pertaining to a foot. s. The foot-key of a musical instrument. Pedal note, in music, a holding note. PEDALiAN,pe-rfa'-Ze-rtM, a. Pertaining to the feet. Pedality, pe-dal'-e-te, s. Act of measuring by the foot. PEDANEous,ps'-/>v-art, a. Going on io<>t; walking — s. One who journeys on foot; a remarkable walker. 1 edestrianism, pe-des'-tre-an-izm, s. Practice of walk- [walking. PEDESiRiANizE, pe-dcs'-tre-an-ize, vn To practise 1 KDKSTRK'us, pe-dcs'-tre-us.R Going on fool. I ldicel, ped e-cfi, { s. In hot., a small, short foot-stalk. Pedicle, ped -e-kl, f —In zool., a foot-stalk or stem bv wJiich ci-nain animals of the lower orders attaefc ' themselves to any object. Pedicellate, ped-e se/-late, a. Supported by a pedicel pEDici LAU, pc-(ZiA;-«-/rtr, » a. Diusy ; having tho Pi'.DicuLoi s. pe-dik -u /us. ] lousY dislcmpiT Feuici laria, pe dik n ia'-re-A, s.pl.' Limpets. Pf.i.ii u i.ak,s, pe rlik i, Iff' ri., s Louse- won 'hffn. s. Louse-disease, by « hu h lice are bred in the skin. ’ Pedioeroe-6, pe-dif er-us, a. Having feet. Pedigree, ped'-ti gtee,s. Lineage; geueaiogv. ^foot-bath^'’’* of the feet, t PEDIMENT [ 663 ] PENNTWEI&HT riDiMSNT, ped'-e-mtfnf, s. In arcn.j a trlan^pilar orna¬ ment that serres aa a decoration over porticoes, •windows, &c. Pedipalp, ped'-e-palpf a. An order cf spiders. Pedireme, P'-d'-e-rfmPy s. A crustaceous animal. Pedler See Peddler. Pedobaptism, pe-(lo~hap'-tisrn, s. Baptism of infants. Pedobaptist, pe-do-bap'-tist^ a. One who holds to in¬ fant baptism. Peddme i er, pe-dom'-e-tevy s. A wheel to measure roads, and ascei-taln distances. Peduncle, pe-dtink l, s. A fiower-stalk. [duncle. Pedcncular, pe-dfm*-ku-lar, a. Pertaining to a pe- Peucnculatb, pp-dua'-kit-lntey ) a. Having a pe- PEDt'NcuLATED, j duncle; growmg on a peduncle. Peer, peek. See Ptsep. Peel, peel, v a. or v. /o strip off skin, bark, or rind ; to pare ; ttu pillage. [by bakers. — s. The skin or rind.—(Pr.) A wooden shovel used Peeler, peel'-evy s. One who peels ; ta pltmdcrer. Peep, peep, v.n. To look slily ; to make the fii'st ap¬ pearance ; to cliirp or cry, as young birds. — s. First appearance ; a sly look ; cry of a chicken. Peeper, peep’-er, s A chicken just breaking the shell; one tliat peeps ; the eye. Peep-hole, pe>p'-hole, s. A crevice for peeping through. Peer, peer, s. One of the same rank ; a nobleman ; a — v.n. To appear ; to peep. [lord of parliament. Peerage, peer' aje.y s. The body of peers. Peeress, peer'-es, a. The consort of a peer. Peerless, peer'-/es, a. Unequalled. Peerlessness, peer’-les-nes, s. The having no equal. Peevish, pee'-vishy a. Fretful; querulous, or petulant. Peevishness, s. Fretfuliiess ; petulance. Peg, peg, a. A small, pointed piece of wood; a nick¬ name for Margaret _ To take a peg lower, to sink. — v.n. To fasten wTth pegs. Pegasus, peg'-A-sus, s. In myth., a winged horse.— In a&tron.y a northern constellation.—In zooL, a genus of fishes with large pectoral fins. Pegmatite, peg'-mA-tite, s. A variety of granite. Peirastic, pe-ras'-tik, a. Attempting; making trial. Pekan, pe'-Aan, s. A species of weasel. Pekoe, pe'-ko, s. A kind of black tea. Pelage, pel'-aje, s. (Fr.) The covering of wild beasts. Pelagian, pe-la'-je-an, 1 a. Pertaining or belonging to PEhKQiQ, pel' A-jik, 1 the deep sea. Pelagian ISM, pe-la'-je-an-izm, s. The doctrines of Pe¬ lagias, who denied the doctrine of original sin, &c. Pelargonium, pel-'dr-g&-ne-um, s. A genus of orna¬ mental plants allied to the geranium. Pelerine, pel'-er~ene, s. A lady’s long cape. Pelf, p^-lj, s. Petty gains ; racmey. Pelican, pe.l'-e-kan, s. A large water-fowl, with an enormous bill and pouch. pELioM, pe' le-um, s. A mineral of the iolite kind. Pelisse, pe-leece', s. (Fr.) A habit worn by ladies. Pell, pfl, s. Asliin or hide .—Clerk of the pells, an o^- cer of the exchequer. Pellaoe, pel'-aje, s, A duty paid on skins. Pellet, pel/ let, s. A little ball. Pellicle, pel'-fe kl, a A thin skin or film. [mile. pELLiTORY.ptf/' le-tnr’e,s. 'I'h * root of Spanish chamo- Pkll-silll, pel'-me:, ad. With confused violence. Peli.ucui, sjV/, a. (dear; traiispanuit. Pelluciuness, pet-leto'-si(l-7ie$,s Perfect clearness. Pi LoPiUM, pe-lo'-pf--h7nyS. metal. Pelt, peU,s. A raw hide; a blow* from something t\n'o^s'n.-—Peit-/iion(jer, a dealer in r"r>v hides— Pelt- icool, wool plucked from the pelts or sk.ns of sheep — v.a T(j strike . to di'ive by tlirowing something. Peltate, pel' fate, j a In hnf., fixed to tlu' stalk by Peltated, pd' ta-ted.'S the cenire, as the aastwiium. Pel ! EK, pel' ■ /’er.s. One who iicil." , a mean, sordid person, i Pelting, pelt' iiig, s. An attack nilli missiles. Pel! R\, pel'-tre. s. Pui> or skins in general Pelvic, /lel' vik, a. Pertaining to tlie pelvis. Pelvimeter, pel-vim'~e tet, s. An instrument for mea- surin;’ the femaj? pelvis Wi.vis. iiej'-vis, s The tower part "f the abdomen. Pemmican, ■me-k.in,s. Mi at cured for long voyages. Pen, pen, s. (Lat.) an instiument used for writing. (Sax.) an iiiclosure for cattle or sheep. — v.a. To write; to compose. (Sax.) to shut in a pen ; to coop. [penalty. Penal, pe'-nal, a. Incurring punishment; subject to a ^NALTTT,^: pe-naV-e-te, s. laableness to punishment. Pen M.TT, pen' al-te, 8. Legal punishment; a fine. Penance, pen'-anse, s. The suffering or pain to which a person voluntarily subjects himself. Penates, pe-na'-ff^5, s.pi. (,Lat.) Household gods. Pence, pense, s. The plural of penny. Penchant, s. (Fr., Inclination. Pencil, pen’-sil,i. A small brush used by painters for laying on colours; a pointed instrument formed of blacklead or red chalk. — v.a. To paint or draw with a pencil. [pencil. PENciLLED,p«w'-fit/rf,pp.ora. Painted or marked witlia Pencilling, s. Painting or sketching. Pencraft, pen'-Aro/^, s. Penmanship. Pendant, pe/t'-rfan^, s. An ornament or jewel hanging at the ear ; a flag. * Pendence, s. Slope; inclination. Pendency , pe?i'-rf<»n-s«, 6 . Suspense. Pendent, p»?u'-c/e/ii, a. Hanging; projecting. Pending, pend'-m^, a. Depounmg ; not terminated. Pendule, pen'-du/e, s. A pendulum. Pendulositt, pf’Ji-dti-los'-c-fe, is. The state of hang- Pendulousness, pcn'-du-/M5-/ies, j ing; suspension. Pendulous, pett'-du-lus, a. Hanging; swinging. Pendulum, pen'-du‘lum,s. A weight suspended from a fixed point, and moving as from a centre.—Pendtt- him of a clock serves to regulate the time. —Coinpe7isa- tio7i pe7idnluiny is a contrivance for counteracting the expansion or contraction of the rod. Penetrability, pe7i-e-t7-A-biV-e-te. 8. Susceptibility of being penetrated by another body- Pen btrable, pen'-e-trA-bl, a. That may be pierced. Penetralia, pen-e-fra'-fe-d, s.pl. (Lat.) The interior part of a temple or palace. Penetrancy, p«n'-c-fran-se, s. Power of entering. Penetrant, a. Sharp; subtle. Penetrate, pen'-c-^mfe, v.a^. To enter or pierce. — v.n. To make way. [cerning. Penetrating, pe7i'-e-trate-ing, a. Acute ; sharp ; dis Penetration, pe7i-e-tra'-8lmn, s. The act of entering a body. [cerning. Penetrative, a. Piercing; sharp; dis- Penetrativeness, pe7i'-e‘tra-tiv-7ies, 8. The quality of being penetrative. Penfisii, pm'-hsh, s. A kind of eelpout. Penguin, peyv-gxvin, s. A diving web-footed bird ; a species of West India fruit. [of shell. Penicil, pe7i*-e-sil, s. A pledget for wounds ; a species Penicillatb, pen-e-siV-late, a. Pencil-formed. Peninsula^ pen-in'-su-la, s. A portion of land con nected with a continent by a narrow isthmus. Peninsular, pen-in'-su-lar. a. In form of a peninsula. Peninsdlate, pen-i7x'-su-iate, v.a. To encompass almost witli water ; to form a peninsula. Penitence, peix'-e-tense, is. Sorrow for sins or offences, Penitency, ( repentance; contrition. Penitent, a. Contrite; repimtant. — 8. One who repents a sin ; one* under church censure. Penitential, pen’-e-tcn-shal, a. Expressing penitence. — s. A Romish book containing rules for penitents Penitentiary, pen-e-texi'-she-A-re,, s. A penitent; one who docs penance ; a house of correction ; a work- iiouse or slate prison. Penitently, pen'-e-tent-le, ad. With penitence. Penknife, pc/i'-nt/e, 8. A small knife mr mending pens. Penman, pim'-man, s. ; pi. Penmen. A man who teaches the art of YYTiting, or who writes a good hand . tan author. Pf.nman-sihip, pen'-moyi-ship, s. The art of writing. PENNA('KED,t pen'-7insht,2i.. Radiated. Pennant, I s. A Small flag; a banner; a Pennon, pen'-mm, f piece of bunting worn at the mast-heads of vessels of war. — Broad pen7ia7xt, a square piece in a commodeie's vessel. Penn^te, pen'-note, Winged. Sr? Pinnate. Penned, pend. a. Winged, having plumes. [feather. Penn iFORM, pen'-n?-/uMTm, a. Having the form of a PennII.KRO us, pcn-)iij'-er-7is. a. Hearing feathers. Penniless, a. Moneyless; poor. Pennilessness, pe7i'-7xe-les-7ies, 9.. Destitution. Penning, J pen'-7iing,9. Style of writing. Plnnon, pe/i'-nnn Sr? Penn.vnt. Pe.nny, pen'-zi?, s. , pi Pennies or Pence. 'A copper coin, the twelftli part of a shilling.—Prover6i«%. a small sum.—Penny-post, a post that carries letters bearing a pe7X7iy staxtxp. Pennyroyal, peii'-ne-roy'-al, s. An aromatic herb. Pennyweight, pen'-ne-wate, s. A Troy weight <4 twenty-four grains. PENNYWISE [ G61 ] PERPEOTEE Pennywise, pei\*-ne-wue, a. Saving small sums at the hazard of larger. [for a penny ; a good bargain. Pennyworth, pen '- ne - iourth , s. As much as is bought Penology, 8. The science which treats of public punishments. Pensile, pen’-sUe , q,. Hanging; suspended. Pensileness, pen'-sil-ncs, s. The state of hanging. Pension, pen'-shun,%. All annual allowance; payment of money; rent. — v.a. To grant a pension to. [sion. Pensionary, pen '- sfmn ~ d - re , B ,. Maintained by a pen- — s. A person receiving a pension for past services. I ENSiONER, pen'-s/itm-er, s. One to whom an annual sum is paid for past services.— Gentlemen pensio>iers, a band of gentlemen who attend upon the sovereign on state occasions. Pensive, pen'-siv, a. Thoughtful or sorrowful. Pensiveness, pen'-siv-ms, s. Melancholy. Penstock, pen'-stok, s. A small sluiie or floodgate. Pent, pent, pp. or a. Shut up.— Pent-house, a shed standing aslope fioin the main building.— Pent-roof, a roof whose slope is on one side. [sules. Pentacapsular, pen-tii-kap'-su-lar, a. Having five cap- Pentachorp, pen'-td kawrd, s. A musical scale; an instrument of music with five strings. Pentacoccocs, jif n-td-kok*-ktis, a. Having five grains Pentacrinate, pen-tak'-re-nate, s. A fossil. Pentacbostic, peyi-td-kros'-tik, s. or a. A set of verses containing five acrostics. PentadACTTLOUS, pen - td - dak '- te - lus , a. In hot . and zool ., having five fingers. Pentagon , pen’-td-gon. s. In geom., a plane figure hav¬ ing five angles.—In/or^., a fort with five bastions. Pentagonal, pen-tag'-on-al, a. Having five angles. 1 ENTAGRAPH, pm'-td-graf, s. An instrument for copy¬ ing or reducing plans. Pentagynia, pen'-td-jin-e-d, s.pl. In hot., an order of plants having five styles. [sides. Pentahedral, pen-td-he'-dral, a. Having five eoual Pentahedron, pen-td-he'~dron, s. A solid figure having five equal sides. Pentahexahedral, pen - td ^ heks - d - lie '- dral , a. In cryst ., exhibiting five ranges of facets one above another. 1 entameter, pen-tam'‘e-ter, s. A verse of five feet. Pentandria, pen-tan'-dre-d, s.pl. In botany, the fifth class of plants, having five stamens, or male organs. Pentangular, pen-tang'-u-lar, a. Having five angles. 1 ENTAPETALous,pen-^«-pcr-rti-Ms, a. Having five petals. Pentaphyllous, pen-ta-jiV-lus, a. Having nve leaves. Pentarchy, pen-tar'-ke, s. A government of five. 1ENTASPAST, pen'-tu-spast, s. An engine with five pul- [seeds. Pentaspermous, pen-ta-sper'-mus, a. Containing five Pentastyle, pen'-ta-stile, s. An edifice having five columns in front. [Old Testament. Pentateuch, pen'-td-tewk, s. First five books of the Pentecost, pen'-te-kost, s. A solemn festival of the Jews; Whitsuntide.. [cost. Pentecostal, peyi-te-k'os^-tal, a. Pertaining to Pente- PENTiCEjt pen'-tis, s. A sloping roof. Pentile, pen'-tile, s. A tile so formed as to cover the sloping part of the roof. Penult, pe-nulif , s. Tlie last syllable but one of a word. Penumbra, pen-um'-brd, s. An impeiTect shadow. Penurious, pe-neuZ-re-us, a. Excessively saving. Penuriodslt, ad. Parsimoniously. Penuriodsness, pe-neuf-re-us-ne8,s. Parsimony. PENCRy,pert'-M-re, s. Indigence; poverty. P^N, pe'-tm, 8. In Hindostan, a foot-soldier.—In ± ranee, a common man in chess, called a pawn. Peony , p^-o-7ie, s. A plant of the genusp<»o;iia, with a large and beautiful flower. People, s. The body of persons who compose a community; the commonalty. — v.a. To stock with inhabitants. Peoplish4 pe'-plish, a. Vulgar. Peperino, pep - per - e '- no , s. (Ital.) A volcanic rock. Peplis, pep ' -Lis, s. Water-purslane. Pepper, pejZ-per, s. An aromatic warm spice, of the genus Piper.—Pepper-box, a small box with a per¬ forated Lid, used for sprinkling pulverized pepper on Pepper-cake, a kind of spiced cake.—Pepper¬ corn^ the berry or fruit of the pepper plant; something of inconsiderable value.— Pepper-grass, a kind of iiTQS,s,Lepidium sativ^im — Pepper-water, o. liquor pre- pared from powdered black pepper.—Pepper-toor^, a plant of the genus Lepidhim. [shot. ^ v.tt. To sprinkle with pepper, to beat; to pelt with Peppering, pep'-pet-ing, s. A pelting with shot or blow's. [plant. Peppermint, pep'-per-mint, s. A pungent aromatic Peppery, pep'-per-e, a. Having qualities of pepper. Peptic, pep'-tik, a. Promoting digestion. Per, per. A Latin prcposiimn. denoting through, or over the whole extent; someiimes used for by ; as per bearer.—As a prefix to words, especially in < hem- istry,it denotes to the utmost extent, as peroxide, perdurable, Ac. Peracute,+ per-d-hewV, a Very sharp. [haps. Peradventure, per-nd-t?en'-^s/i«r, ad. By chance; per- PKRAQRATE,t psP-d-grate, v-n. To ramble. P-E.\\KQv.&.T\Oii,per-d-gra'-shun, s. Act of rambling. Perambulate, per-ain' bu-lote, v.a. To walk through. Perambulation, per-am-bn-la'-shun, s. The act of passing through ; a travelling survey of boundaries. Perambulator, pf;r-fr>n'-/;w-/a-htr, s. One wlio peram¬ bulates ; a Yviieel instrument with a clock and dial plate for measuring distances ; a light vehicle used by nursery maids for children. PERBEND,pt;r'-itfnti, s. A bond-stone. Perceivable, a. Perceptible. PERCEivANCEt,per-se^-tJanse, s. Power of perceiving. Perceive, v.a. To discern or observe. Perceiver, per-seev'-er, s. One who observes. Per cENT.jper sent. (Lat.) By the hundred. Percentage, per-sen'-tafe, s. An allowance or com mission per cent. [ceptible. Perceptibility, per-sep-te-biV-e-te, s. The being per- Perceptiblb, per-sep'-te-U, a. That may be perceived • — ad. Perceptibly. [perceivable. Perception, per-sep'-fiAtm, s. The act or faculty of per¬ ceiving. [perceiving. Perceptive, per-sep'-Uv, a. Having the faculty of Perceptivity, per-sep-tiv'-e-te, s. Power of perception. Perch, per^cA, s. A fresh-w'ater fish, of the genas Perea. —(Pr.) A pole; a roost for fowls; a measure of length; a rod. [settle on a fixed body. — v.n. or v.a. To sit or roost, as a bird; to light oi Perchance, per-fc7iawse', ad. By chance. Percher, pertch'-er, s. An order of perching birds. Perchers, per^cA'-ers, s.pl. A large sort of wax candles. PERciDiE, per'-se-de,^.p\. A family of Acantheroplery • gious fishes, of which the Perea, or perch, is the type. Percipience, per-sip'-e-ense, s. Act of perceiving. Percipient, per-sip'-e-ent, a. Perceiving. — s. One who perceives. [to filter. Percolate, per'-Ao-Za^e, v.a. or v.n. To strain thi’ough ; Percolation, per-ko-la'-shxm, s. Filtration. Percolator, per-ko-la'-tur, s. A filtering machine. j Percursory, per-kur^-sor-e, a. Running over slightly. Percuss, per-kus', v.a. To strike forcibly. Percussion, per-A?(«A'-Mn, s. Tlie shock produced by collision of bodies.— Percussioyi-cap is a small copper cap containing fulminating powder, and used in, a percussioyi-lock to explode gunpowder. Percussive, per-kxi^-siv, a. Striking against. Percutient per-kew'-she-ent, s. That which strikes. Perdifoil, per'-de-foyl, s. A plant that annually loses or drops its leaves. [loss of soul. Perdition, per-dish'-un, s. Destruction; ruin; death; Perdu, per-dew', s. One placed in ambush, or employed — a. Lost or abandoned. [in desperate purposes. Perdurable, ■+ per-de.w'-rd-bl, a. Very durable. Perduration,± per-dew-ra'-shun, 8. Ixmg continuance. PERDY,t per'-de, ad. Certainly ; in trutli. [to place. Peregrinate, per-eg'-re-7iate.y To travel from place Peregrination, per-eg-re-na'-shun,^,. Travelling from one place to another. Peregrinator, per-ei^-re-na'-ZMr, 8. A traveller. Peregrine, t per*-e-grin, a. Foreign. Peremption^ per-enip'-shun,s. A quashing ; nonsuit. Peremptorily, per-emp-tur'-e le, did.. Positively. Peremptoriness, per-emp'-tur-e-yies, s. Positiveness. Peremptory, per'-emp-tur-e, a. Decisive ; positive final; determinate. * Perennial, per-en'-ne-al, a. Lasting through ths vear; perpetual.—In hot., continuing more than two years. 8. In bot., a plant that lives more than two years PERENNiTY,p€r-ew'-n«-jfc, 8. An enduring thiougi 'the . [various places Pererration, per-er-ra'-shun, s. Rambling thiough Perfect, per'-fekt, a. Fully informed ; completely skiUed; faultless.— Perfect tense, in grammar, the pre¬ terit or p^t tense. — v.a. To insti'uct fully; to finish ; to complete. Perfecter, per'-fek-ter, s. One who makes perfect. PERFEOTIBILITT PERJURIOUS [ 665 ] Pertbctibilitt, s. Arrival at per* [ fection. [perfect. PEBrECTiBLE, pev-fek'-te-hl, a. Capable of becoming. Perfection, per-fek'-shxin,s. The state of being periect. Pekfectional, per-fek'-shun-ol, a. Made complete. pERFfXTioNisT, per-/ek'~shtin-ist, s. One pretending to perfection ; a religious enthusiast. [perfect.. Perfectionment, per-fek'-shun-inent, b. State of being' Perfective, ptr-fek'-fiv, a. Conducing to make perfect Perfectly, per'-fekt-le, 2 i.il. Completely ; accurately. PErfectness, per’-fekt-neSy s. Consumniate excellence. Pbrficient, per-fiah'-eniy 2 .. Effectual. — s. One who endows a charity. Perfidious, per-Jid’-e-us, a. Violating good faith treacherous ; unfaithful. . Perfidiously, per*;Sc^'-<*-w5-/e, ad. Treacherously. pERFiDioL'SNESS, per-Jid'-e-ns-ncs, s. Treachery. Perfidy, per'-fe-de, s. The violation of a tiustj per¬ fidiousness ; faithlessness. PERFLABLE,t per'-Jla-id, a. That may be blown through Perflate, per-fiate' v.a. To blow through. Perflation, pvr-Jin'-shun, b. lilowing throigh. Perfoliate, per-fo'-le-ate, a. In hot., applied to leaves when the stem passes through the base. Perfor.ate, per'-J'-rate, y. 2 ,. To bore through. Perforation , per-fo-ra'-shun, s. Act of bormg through ; a hole or aperture. „ Perforative, per'-fo-ra-tiv, a. Having poiver to pierce. Perforator, per'-fo-ro- tur, s. An instrument that per- Perforce, St'*, ad. By violence. [forates. Perform, per'-fnwrm, v.a. To carry into effect; to — v.n. To act a part. [accomplish; to complete. Performablb, per-fftwrr)i'-&-bl, a. Practicable. Performance, per-fawrm'-anse, s. The carrying any¬ thing into effect; composition; consummation ; exe¬ cution. ' [thing, particularly in an art. Performer, per-fawrm'-er, s. One who performs any- Performino, per-f(iwrm'-i}i(/,B. Act of executing. Perfumatory', per-few'-niu-tuT-e, a. That perfumes. Perfume, per-few7n, s. A substance which exhales im Perfume, pei'-fewin!,y. 2 . To scent. [odour; scent. Perfumer, per-/ei.6tc-Mio-M6, s. An inflammation of the lungs ; pneumonitis. Peripoltgonal, per-e-po-lig'-Q-nal, a. In cryst., navnxg a ereiit number of sides. _ . Peripteral, pe-rip’-ter-al, a. HaY'ing a range oi columns all round an edince. PERiPTER0us,p^-rip'-ier-M5, a. Feathered. Periptery, s. In arch., an edifice enyiron&l by a range of insulated columns; intercolumniation. Pertscii, pe-rish'-e-i, s.pl. (Lat.) Inhabitants oi a frigid zone, whose shadow moves round. Periscian, pe-rish'-e-an, a. Having shadows all around. Periscope, s. A general view. pERiscopic, per - e - skop '- ik , a. \ iewing on all sides. Perish, per '- ish , v.n. To lose life in any manner, to come to nothing, or be extirpated; to be condemned to endless misery. Perishability, per-ish-'d-hiV-e-te, s. Perish ableness. Perishable, a. Diable to pm’ish. Perish ableness, per'^ish~d-bl-nes,B. Liableness to decay. Perisha-bly, per'-ish-d-ble, ad. Perishingly. Perisperm, per'-e-sppr7n,B. Albumen; a thick, farina¬ ceous part of the seed of plants. Perispheric, a. Globular. PERissoLOQY,-t per-e-soV-o-je, s. Much talk to little pur¬ pose ;—a. Perissological. . ._ Peristaltic, per-e-stai'-tik, a. Spiral ; verniicular , applied to the peristaltic motion of the intestines. Peristrephic, per-e-stref'-ik, 2. Turning round. Peristerion, per-is-te'-re-uti, s. The heim Yertam. Peristyle, per'-e-stile, s. A range of columns round a Perisystole^, ?• ^he Inten-al between the contraction and dilatation of the heart. Perite,4- pe-rite', a. Skilful. _ , • Peritomous, pe-ritf-o-777us, a. In miner., cleavmg in more directions than one parallel to the axis. __ Peritoneal, per-e-to-ne'-al, a. Pertaining to the pen* Peritoneum, per - e - to - ne ^- Hm . 8. A thin serous meia- brane investing the internai surface of the abdomen. Peritonitis, per-e-to-ni'-Us, 8. Inflammation of the Peritrochicm. See Axis la peritrochio. tpeiito^u,.i. Peritropa-l, per-e-tro'.pa^. a. Cin uitous ; rotatory. Periwig, per'-e-iviu,B. A small wig. - v.a. To dress with false hair. Periwinkle, per '- e - win - kl , s. A small shell-flvh Perjure, per'-jur, v.a. To foi'swear. —± s. A perjured person. Perjurer, per'-jur-er, s. A swearer. Perjurious, per-fnr'-e-u$, a. Guilty of pequry.. PEEJURT [ 666 ] PEESPIEABLE pEiuuBr, per^'ju-rey 3. The crime of false swearing. rERK., perk, a. Erect; smart: trim. — v.ii. or v.a. To hold up the head with affected smart¬ ness ; to dress up ; to make smart. Perkin, per'-kin, s. A kind of weak cider. pERLATE Acid, per'-late a'-sid. The acidulous phos¬ phate of soda. [all over. PzRLisTRATiON, per~lus tra’-shxin, s. Act of viewing Permaot, per'-ma-je, s. A little Turkish boat. Permanence, per'-ma-nense, is. Continuance in the Permanency, per'-ma^tteii-se, ] same state, duration. PermaxVent, per'-'m(t-nent,Si. Durable; la.^ting. Permanently, per'-nia-nent-le, Durably, [meable. Permeability, s. State of being per- Permkable, per'-me-a-bl, a. That may be passed thj’ougli ;—ad. Penueably. Permeant4: per’-me-ant, a. Passing through. Permeate, per'-n.e ate, v a. To pass through the pores or interstices of' a body Permeation, per-nie-a'-shun, s. Act of passing through the pores or interstices of a body, PERMisciBLE.i- per-mis'-se~bl, a. That may be mixed. Permissible, per-mis'-se-bl, a. That may be permitted; —ad. Permissibly. [leave; liberty granted. Permission, per-miiA'-un, s. The act of permitting; Permissive, per-mis'-siv, a. Granting liberty. Permissively, per-mis'-siv-le, ad. liy allowance. Permistion, per-inist'-yun, b. Act of mixing. Permit, per-mit', v.a. To give leave or liberty to by express consent; to allow, grant, or admit. Permit, per'-mii, s. A warrant; a written license to export or land goods. [sion. Permittance, per-mit'-tanse, s. Allowance; perniis- Permitter, per-mit'-ter, s. He who permits. Permixtion, per-mik'-shun. See Permistion. Permi.’table, per-mew'-ta-bl, a. That may be changed; —ad. Permutably. [permutable. pERMUTABLENEss, 8. State of being Permutation, pe.r-mew-ta'-sh^Xn, s. Exchange of one thing for another; barter. Permute,J per-meiot.', v.a. To exchange or barter. pERNANcy,t per'-nan-se, 8. The receiving of rents or tithes in kind. Pernicious, per-nish'-us, a. Tending to injure or destroy ; hurtful; misoliievous;—ad. Perniciously. Perniciousness, per-nish'-us-nes. s. Injury; destruc- PERNiciTT,t per-ms'-c-^e, 8. Swiftness. [tiveness. Pernoctation ,per-nok-ta'-shun, 8. A remaining all night. Perone, per-o-ne^, s. The fibula. * PERONiEus, per-o-ne'-xis, s. Muscles of the leg. Peroration, per-o-ra'-shun, 6. The concluding part of an oration. Peroxide, per-oks’-id, s. A very powerful oxide ; that oxide which contains the greatest quantity of oxygen. Peroxidizb, per-oks'-e-dize, v.a. To oxidize strongly. Perpend, t per-pend', v.a. To weish in the mind. Perpender, per-pend'-er, s. A coping-stone. Perpendicle, per-pi‘n'-de-kl,s. A plumb-line. Perpendicular, per-pcn-dik'-u-lar, a. Hanging or ex¬ tending in a right line from any point; upright;— ad Perpendicularly. — 9. A line falling at right angles on the plain of the horizon. [of being perpeiidicuiar. PERPENDicrLARiTT,per-p#>n-di^-w-/ar' e-te, s. The state Ierpensi()n4 per-pen'-shun, s Consideration. PERrETRA'i'E,pe>*'-pe-;ratf, v.a. To commit; to pi’rform. Perpetration, per-pe-tra'-shun,6. Act of committing a crime . an evil action. [crime Perpetrator, peP-pe-tra-tor, s. One who commits a KL, per-pet'-yu-al, Si. Never ceasing; continual. ~2*erp€ti<./l CHriicy,oi\e wheva all the tithes are ap¬ propriated, and no vicarage endowed.—Pcrpt-iiaa/ mo¬ tion, a motion which is renewed from itself, without other intervention. Perpetcallv, per-pet'-yu-al-le, ad. Continually. Perpetcate, per-pet'-yu-ate, v.a. To make perpetual • to eteniize. 'petual, Perpet\:ated, per-pef-yu-a-ted, pp. or a. Made per- Perpetcation, per-pet-yu-a'-shun, 8. Act of making perpetual. : Perpetuity, per-pe-tew'-e-ttyS,. Endless duration. Perphosphatk. per-fos'-fate, s. A strongly oxidized phosphate. Perplex, per-plekP, v.a. To make intricate; to com¬ plicate ; to bewilder or confuse. —i a. Intricate ; difficult. Perplexed, per~plext', pp. or a. Made intricate. Perplexedly, per-pJeks'-cd-le, ad. Intricately. Perplexedness, per-pleks’-cd-ne^ s. Intricacy. Perplexing, per-plekP-ing, a. Troublesome. Perplexity, per-pleks'-e-te, s. CompUcation ; menU embarrassment; confusedness. [largely Perpotation,+ per-po-ta'-shun, s. Act Of drinkiiV Perquisite, per'-kwe-zit, s. A fee allowed to an or servant beyond his ordinary salary. [search Perqi isn ioN, zi.s/i' toi, s. .\ close inquiry oi Perry, per'-rCyH. The fermented juice of [lears. Perscru iAT iuN, per-skru-ia'-shnii, s. A full inquiry. Persecute, pep-se-kewt, v.a. To haras.'^ with unjua( punishiiHMit , to afilicl or destroy on account of reli¬ gious principles. Persecuted. pp. ora. Harassed ting Persecution, per-.^.e-kew'-s/nm, s. Practice of persecU' Pmrsecutive, per-sek’-u-tiv, ii. Disiioscd to persecute. Peiosecutor, per-se-kew'-tur, s. One who pursues an- Ollier vexatiously. Perseverance, per-se-ve'-ranse, s. Persistence in any¬ thing undertaken, st(‘adfastness , constancy. Perseverant,^; per-sr-ve'-raul, a Persevering. Persevere, perse vere', v. i\ To persist or continue In any business or enterprise undertaken. Persevi;hin(.,/ jer-sc-uc'-rinp, a. Cou>taiu in purpose, —ad. Persevrringly. Persiflage, peP se-Jlazh,s. (Pr.; Light talk. Perskst, pep-sist, v.n. To continue firm; to persevere. Persistence, per-sa'-fense, Is. The state of persist- Persistency, per-sis'-feu se, i ing . ob-stinacy. Persistent, » a. In hot., not falling off, Persisting, per-sis' tiny, j but remaining green. Peksistinoly, per-sis' ting le, ad. Steudfastlv. Persistive, per-sis'-tiv, a. Persevering Person, prr'sa, s. An Individual; a luiman being.—la arammar, the subject or object of a verb.—in person, by one’s self, and not by representative. Personable, pur'sn-d-bl, a. Of good appearance. Personage, piP -sun-aje, s. A person of distinction. 1 ERsoNAL, peP-sun-aiy a. Helongiug to a person, not things , not real, relating to an individual, without the intervention of another.—Persema/ estate, in law things belonging to the person, as distinguished from real estate in land and houses. — s. Movable property. Person.alitt^ per-sun-al'-e-te, s. That which consti¬ tutes individuality ; reflections on person or character. 1 ersonalize, per'-sun-al-ize, v.a. To make personal. Personally, per'-su7i-al-e, tXd. In person Personalty, peP-sun-al-te, s. Personal estate. Personate, pePsun-ate, v.a. To represent by an assumed character ; to counterfeit; to resemble. —t v.n. To play a fictitious cliaracter. [masked. — a. In bot., a term applied to a monopetalous corolla ; Personation, per-stm-a'-sAun, s. The counterfeiting of the person and character t f another. Personatok, per-sun-a'-tury s. One who assumes oz performs the character of another. Personification, per-sun-e-fe-ka'-shun, s. The change of things to persons. [son or character. Personify, per-son' e-Ji, v.a. To represent another per- Peusonize,-!- per'sun-ize, v.a. To personify. Personnel, parso-nd', s (Pr.) The staff of persons employed in some public service. Perspective, perspek'-tiv, a, Kelating to vision, or the art of perspective, optical. — s. A view taken by optical rules; a glass through which olyects are viewed.— AeriO' perspective, the art of giving due diminution to the strength of light and shade, &c. (ing to the rules of perspeetive. Perspfctivelt, perspek' tiv-le, ad Optically, accord- Per8pecto«.raphy, pt’r-s}>ek-tog'-rd-fe, s. Description of perspective.— Perspectoyrapliy a term applied to variotu optica] instiuments Perspu ABLE, per'spe-kd-bl, a. Discernible. Perspicacious, per spe-ka'-shus, a. Quicksighted. Perspicaciousness, per-sj>e-ka'-shu8-7ies, i s. Acuteness ynHSViCAcny, per-spe-kap-e-te, j ofsightdit- cernment. ’ Perspu ACT, peP-spe-kd-se,s. Perspicacity. Perspicuity, per-spe kew'-e-te, s. Clearness; tranapa- rency, distinctness; clearness. Perspicuous, perspik'-u-u$, a. Clear; transparent, not obscure or ambiguous. Perspicuously, ad. Clearly. Perspicuousness, per-spik'-u-us-nes, s. CleamcM, plainness. [perspirable Perspirabilitt, ptr-sp%-rd-bil'-e-te,s. QuaUty of being FERsriRAiit..E, per-spr rA-hZ, a. That may be perspired- PEESPIRATION [ 667 ] PETEOUS Perspihati&n, per-spe-raf-shun, 8 . Act of perspiring , excretion by the pores of the skin. Perspirattve, p€7*'-spe-ra-iiv, la. lerformiilg tne Perspiratory, per'-spe-ra-tur-e,} act of persj^atlon. Perspire, v.ii. or v.a. To excrete the nuicis through the pores of the slun ; to sweat. Perstrinoe, v.a. To touch or glance on. KDfi.BhE, pf’r-sw'W’o'-det' , s. One who infiuoiices an- otlier ; That which incites. [being persuaded. Persuasiuiuitt, per-tiwu-ze-bil'-e-te, a. Capabilitv ot Persuasible, pei'-ze-hl , a. Tliat may Ih’ persuaded Persi’ASI 13LENRS8, per-sica'-ze-bl-iies Quality of being inilmMiced by persuasion. Persuasion, per-xivo'-zhun, 8 . Act of persuading; a creed or belief; a sect. Peksi AsivE, per-sua'-siv,di. Influential. •—s. Tluit vvliich porsuades ; an incitement. [mnm. Persuasiveness, pfr-sna'-siv-nes, s. Influence on the Pers! \S )RY,a. A.blG to persuade. PER.SUI.PHATE, per-snl'-fate, %. A combination of sub pliuric acid with a per<;xide. [from an artery. PerscL rA’l'ioN, per-sul-tn'-sliuyi, s. l-.ruption of blood Pert, peri, a Lively, brisk; forward. — 8- An assuming, impertinent person. — v.n. To behave with pertness. , ^ Pertain, pa - fern/'', v n. To belong or have relation to. Perterebration , s. A<‘t of luring. Pertinacious, p'^i'-ie-art'-sAMs. a. Obstinate, stubborn. Pertinaciously, ad. Obstinately. Pertinacity, prr-te-nas'-e-te. 1 s. Firm adhe- Pehtin.aciousn Kss, pet’-te-iia -shus-nts,} rence to pui- pose ; obstinacy. Pertinacy,+ pef’'-te-7ia-sfi, 8. Obstinacy; persistency. Pertinence, per'-te-neiise, 1 s. Fitness ; appo.slteness ; Pertinency, pe)''-te.~7ien-se, | suitableness. Pertinent, peT'-te-7ient, a. Apposite ; suitable. Pertinently, pet'~te-)ient-le, ad. Appositely. Pertinentness, per'-te-7ie.nt-lies, s. Appositeness. Pertingent, per-tin'-jejit, a. Reaching to ; touchilig. Pertly, peri'^e, ad. Briskly ; saucily. Pertness, pe7’t'-nes,8. Smartness; sauciness. pERTRANsiENT, pev-tran'-sheiit, a. Passing through. _ Perturb, per-turb', I v.a. To d^turb ; to agi- Perturbate, per-iur^-ftnitf, f tate ; to dist^uiet. Perturbation, per-tur-ha'-shun, s Agitation of mmd, restlessness.—In asiron., an iiTegulanty in the motion of a heavenly body. , v Perturbator, per'-tur-ba-Uir, \ 8. One who disturbs or Pbrturber, per-tur'-ber, j raises commotion. Perturbed, per-iurbd', pp. or a. Disturbed. Pertuse, per-fuse', \ a. Punched ; pierced, with Pertused, per-tewzd'y ( holes. _ [tng. Pertusion, pur-tew'-zhun, 8. Act of punching or pierc* Pertussis, per-his’~sis,s. Hooping-cough. Peruke, s. (Fr.) A periwig. — v.a. To dress in adscititious hair. Perusal, pp-reiv'-sal, s. The act of reading. Peruse, pe-rewz', v.a. To read w’ith attention. Peruser, pe-rewz'-er,8. One w'ho reads. Peruvian, pe-rew'-ve-(iyi,t\.. Pertaining to Peru. Peru~ vian hark, the bark of several species of cmchona Peruvine, ver'-u-vin, S- A substance distilled from balsam of Peru. [or interstice ; to permeate. Pervade, per-vffrf^, v.a. To pass through an aperture Pervading, per-va'-ding, ppr. or a. Passing through. Pervasion, per-va'-zhun,8. Act of pervading or pass¬ ing through the who'e extent of a thing. Pervasive, per-va'-siv a. Able to pervade. [abis. Perverse, per-verse, a. Froward ; stubborn ; untract- Perversely, per-verse'-le, 8,d. Crossly ; peevishly. Perverseness, per-verse'~7ies, s. Crossness of temper. Perversion, per-ver'-shun, 8. Act of perverting; mis- applicaiion. Perversity, per-veT*-s€-te,8. Perverseness. Perversive, a. Tending to pervert. Pervert, per-vert', v.a. To turn from truth; to dis¬ tort ; to corrupt. , Perverted , pfir-iert'-ed, pp. or a. Distorted; corrupted. Per^erter, s. One who perverts. PEHVLRriBLE, pet -vei''-fe-N, a. That may be perverted. Pfrvf.stio.ate, per-i'ps'-te-gate , v.a. Tu si'arch P>,RVFVTii.A'ri')N , per-ves-1 t'-ga-shH'it,8. Diligent infjuiry pERvicAcious, per-vc-kn' -tilnis, a. Very ob>tinate- Perv ic Ai'lousN ESS, pt^r-i'e-ka'-ahxis-nes, Is. ilful ob- Pekvicacity , per-ve-kas'-e- te j srinacy PRRVTGiT.ATfON, per-oij^e-ta^-shunj a. Careful watching. Pervious, per'-ve-tis, a. Admitting passage ; that be penetrated ; permeable. [trated. Perviousness, per~ve-us-7ies, s. Quality of being pcim- Pesade, pe-sade',8. The motion of a horse when he raises his fore-quarters without advancing. Peso,p«’'-so, 8. A Spanish coin , a piastre. Pessary,/> es'-sd-re,s. A surgical instrument for pre¬ venting a lapsus uteri in females. . Pessimist, pes'-se-niist, s. A univet*8al complainer. Pest i>est,8. A fatal epidemic disease.—Pes^Aowse, an hospital for persons infected with contagious disease. Pfster, pes'-fer, v.a. To trouble ; annoy. Pesterer, pes'~fer-er, 8. One who hanusses or vexes. PESTEROus.t pes'-ter-7is. a. Burdensome. [tagion. Pestiduct,4 P('s'-te-dnkt,8. That which conveys con- Pestiferous, a. Noxious to health ; ma¬ lignant, infoctinus ; mischievous. . Pestiferously, pes-Ed. Infectiously. Pestilence, pes'-te lense, s. Any contagious disease. Pestilent, , I a. Destructive of Pesti LENTiAL, j health; partaking of the nature of the plague or other infectious disease misciiievous; pernicious. Pestii.ently, pes' te-lfut-le, ad. Destructively.^ Pest ILLATION, pes-til-la'-shwi, s. Act of pouivding. Pestle, pest'1,8. An instrument for pouiiding in a mortar ; a short bludgeon. Pet, pet, s. A flt of peevishness ; a cade lamb; a tond- — v.a. To treat as a pet; to fondle. Petal, peif'-a^, s. A flower-leaf. Pet aled, pet'-aid, I Having petals. Petalous, pci Petaline, pet'-al-in, a. Pertaining to a petal. Petaltte, pef-al-lite, 8. A mineral like quartz. Petaloid, pet'-d-loyd, a. Havingthe form of a petal. Petal-shaped, pcf^-c^^-sAtiypi, a. Having the shape Of Petard,^ pei'-arrf, s. An explosive machine made Of metal, formerly used for breaking gates or barricades. Petechue, pe-te -ke-e, s.pl. Purple spots which appear on the skin in malignant fevers. pETEREL. See Petrel. Peterman, $ pc'-fcr-^nrtn, 8. A fisherman. Peterpence, pe'-te>'-p€7ise, s. An annual tribute of one penny paid to the pope. Peter-wort, pc'-icr-Tcwri, s. A j)lant. Petiolar, pet*-e-o-lar, a. Pertaining to a petiole^ Pbtiolate, pet'-e-o-late, a. Having a petiole. Petiole, pei'-c-oZe, s. A leaf-stalk. Petiolule, pct'-c-o-Zti/c, 8. A small petiole. Petit, pet'-te, a. Little ; mean ; petty.—Pciic jury, a juiy for the trial of causes in a court.—Peiti larceny, the stealing of an article of small value. [comb. pETiT-MAiTRE, pet'-te-uid'-tr, s. (Fr.l A fop ; a cox- Petition, pe-tish'-un, s. A requestor prayer; a formal supplication from an inferior to a superior; the paper containing a supplication. — v.a. To make a request to , to ask from ; to solicit. Petition AiiY , pc-Zts/i'-7t7r-«-7’c, a. Supplicatovy* Petitioner, pe-tish'-un-er, s. One who presents a petition. . ^ Petitioning, pc-ftsA'-wH-twg, s.^ Solicitation. PetitoryA pet'~e-tw-e, a. Petitioning. pETRE,pc^-^r, s. Saltpetre; nitp. i Pbtrean, pe-Zrc'-flJi, a. Pertaining to rock. Petrel, pet'-rel, s. A name common to the long-winged, web-footed sea-fowd, of the order Ansercs _ Pbtrescence, pe-tres'-sense, s. The changing into stone. PETRE^cENT,pe-Z>‘cs'-se7l^, a. Converting into stone. Petrifaction, pet-re-fak'-shun, 8. The process of changing into stone ; a body incrusted with stony matter; an incrustation. . [factmn. Petrifactive, pet-re-fak'-tiv, a. Pertaining to petri- Petrific, pe-trif'-ik, a. Having power to convert into stone. [petrifying; obduracy; callousness. Petrification, pe~tre-fe~ka'-^ufi, s. The^ process of Petrified, pci'-rc-^dc, pp. or a. Changed into stone, fixed in amazement. Petrify, pet'-re-fi, v.a. To convert into stone; to make callous or obdurate; to fix in amazement. — v.n. To become stone. [from the earth. Petroleum, pe-trf^' le-tcm, s. A Imuid bitumen exuding pETRoi.iNE, pet'-ro~lin, s- A distillation of petroleum. Pftronkl, pet'-ro-}iel,8- A kind * f carbine. Petrosii.ex, s. Kouk stone. Petrosi Licious, pe.t-ro-i^e-lish' HS, a. Consisting of Pbirocs, ptfi'-rMs, a. Like stone ; hard. [petrosilex PETTED [ 6G8 j PHLEBOLOGY Petted, pet'-ied. pp. or a. Treated as a pet; fondled. Petticoat, pet-te-kote, s. A loose imder-garraent worn by iemales. [lawyer. (Vtilgar.) Pettifog, pet'-te-fog, v.n. To do small business as a Pettifogger, pet'-te-fog-er, s. An inferior attorney who is employed in petty atfairs. Pettifoggery, pet-te-fog'-er-e, 8. The practice of a pettifogger; tricks ; quibbles. Pettiness, pet'-te-nes^ s. Smallness j littleness. Pettish, a. Fretful, peevish. Pettishly, pet’-ttsk-Uy ad. In a pet. Pettishnebs, pfii'-iuA-nes, 8. Fretfulness; petulance. Pettitoes, pet'-te-toze, s.pl. The toes or feet of a pig. Petto, pet'-to, s. The breast; hence, in pettoy in secrecy. Petty, a. Small in amount, degree, or import¬ ance.—Pg^^y-cAwp^, a small singing bird. Petulance, ) s. Freakish passion; peev- Petulancy, pet^u-lan-scy] ishness. [ill-humoured. Petulant, petf-u-lant, a. Pert or forward; irritable; Petulantly, pet'-xi-lant-Uy ad. With petulance. Petunse, pe~tunse\ s. A kin d of fine clay used in the manufacture of porcelain. Petworth-marblb, pet’-wurth-mar'bl, s. In geol., a variety of marble occurring in the weald clay. Pf.dce,. puscj s. A fossil coniferous tree. PEucEDANEiE, pew-se-du'-ne-ey s.pl. A tribe of umbel¬ liferous plants, of the sub-order Orthospermae. pEURMiCAN,pet'-^er-cr, 8. One who makes utensils of "Pewtery , pew'-ter-e, s. Belonging to pewter. I^viTY, peks'-e-te, a. The nap or shag of cloth. Ph^nogamous, fe-nog'-a-mtiSy a. In bot,y having the stamens and ovarium visible. Phaeton, /a'-e-ion, s. In nnjth.y the son of Phoebus and Clymene, who was killed in attempting to guide the chariot of the sun.—In orni., agenus of palmiped birds. Phagedena, s. An obstinate ulcer. Phagedenic, faj-e-de'-niky s. In surg., an applicatir.n that arrests the sloughing of fungous flesh,— a. Phagedenous. Phalangial, /a-/<7n'-^'e-aZ, la. Belonging to the pha- Phalangian, /a-/an' j-e-aw, j limgeiyQT small bones of the fingers and toes. Phalanger,/ rt-/an-;yer, s. A marsupial quadruped in¬ habiting New Holland. [the fingers and toes. Phalanges, fd~lan'-jeSy s. In anat., the small bones of Phalangious, fd-lan'-je-us, a. Pertaining to the genus of spiders called phalangium. Phalanx, fal'~anks, s. Any body of troops or men formed in close array. In anat., the rows of small hones forming the fingers or toes. See Phalanges. Phanerogamous, fan-e-rog'-a-muSy a. In bot., having visible flowers containing stamens and pistils. Vbknta.scope, fan'-tas-kope, s. An optical instrument which makes fixed objects appear as if in motion. Phantasm, fan'-tazm, a. The image of an external object; something imagined. Phantasmagoria, fnn-taz’-md-go-re-d, 8. Representa¬ tions made by a magic lantern ;—a. Phantasmagorial. Phantasmatography, fan-taz-ma-tog'-rd-fcy s. A de¬ scription of celestial appearances, as the rainbow, &c. Phantastic. See Fantastic. Phantasy. See Fantasy. Phantom, fan'-taniy s. An apparition; a fancied vision. Pharisaical, far-e-sa'-e-kal, a. Resembling the Phari¬ sees ; making a show of religion. Pharisaism, far'-e-sa-izniy s. The doctrines and con¬ duct of the Pharisees ; hypocrisy in religion. Pharisean, /ar-e-s^-an, a. Following the practice of the Pharisees. Pharisee, ,/ar'-e seCj 8. One of a Jewish sect whose religion consisted in a strict observance of rites and ceremonies. [the art of prepaiing medicines. Pharmaceutical, /ar-»n(i-sew'-^e-A:a/, a. Pertaining to Pharmaceutics, rar-ma-sew'-tiksy s. Science of pre¬ paring medicines. [medicines. Pharmaceutist, /ar-wrt-sctc'-i'tsi, s. One who prepares Pharmacolite, far-nxak'-o-litey s. Native ar>eniate of linie. [paring medicines. Pharmacology, far-ma-kol'-ofe, 8. Science of pre- Pharmacon, f(^ -md~kony s. A di’ug , a poison. PtU-RMACOPCEiA, far-md-ko-pe'-d, s. A dispensatory. PHARMAcoTHECA,/ar-wd-co-fl^e'-Ad, 8. A medicine cheet. Pharmacy, far'-md-scy s. Art or practice of preparing substances lor the pui’poses of medicine; the occupa¬ tion of an apothecary . Pharos, fa'-ros, s. A lighthouse or tower; a beacon. Pharyngeal, fa-rin'-je~al, a. Connected with the pharynx. [into the pharynx. Pharyngotomt, far-in-gof-o-7ne,s. Making an incision Pharynx. /ar'-mA:s,s The upper part of the oesophagus. Phase, fazBy j s.; pi. Phases. Thai which is exhibited Phasis, fa -SIS, j to the eye.—In min., transparent green quartz. Phasel, fa'-zel, s. The French bean. Phasma,-}-/(T iz'-ma, s. Appearance; fancied apparition Pheasant, fez’-ant, s. A galUiiaceous bird, highly esteemed for the beauty of its plumage and the deli¬ cacy of its nesh. [sanis. Pheasantry, fez'-ant-re, s. A place for rearing phea- Pheese, feeze, v.a. To comb ; to ticeto ; to curry. Phengite, fen’-jite, s. A beautiful species of alabaster. PHENiciNE,/m'-e-stn s. The purple powder precipitated when a sulphuric solution of indigo is diluted with water. Phenix, ) f. ., ( s. The fabulous bird which is said pHfENix, to rise again from its own ashes a person of singular distinction. Phenogamous, fe-7iog'-d-t}ius. See Phanerogamous. Phenomenon, fe-no7n'-e-7ioiiy s.; pi. Phenomena. Ak appearance; anything visible; a remarkable or un¬ usual appearance;—a. Phe7i07nf7ial. Pheon, fe'-on, s. In heral., the barbed head of a dart. Phial, Ji'-al, s. A glass vessel or bottle. — v.a. To keep in a phial. Philanthropic, a. Possessing genera. benevolence. [ral benevolence. Philanthropist, s. A person ofgene- Philanthropy, Jil-an'-th7’o-pe, s. The love of mankind; universal good-wili. Philharmonic, ^Z-Attr-won'-iT:, a. Loving harmony. Philibeg, Jil'-a-beg, s. Part of a Scotch plaid. Vhieis^ic, ^l-ip'-pik, s. Any discourse or declamation full of acrimonious invective. PuiuppizEy Jil’-ip-pize, v.n. To write or utter invective. Philistine, s. An inhabitant of Palestine, now Syria. [tone. Phillipsite, Jil'-ip-site, s. A mineral, allied to harmo- Philologer, JH-ol'-o-jer, 1 s. One versed in the history Philologist, j and construction of lan¬ guages ; a linguist. Philological, a. Pertaining to philology. pRiEOLOGYy fil-ol'-o-je, s. A knowledge of the etymology or origin and combination of words Philomath, fiV-o-inath, s. A lover of learning. Philomathic, fil-o-7nath'-ik, a. Having a love of learning. Philomathy, Jil'-o-math-e, s. The love of learning, Philomel, fiV-o-mel, s. The nightingale. Philomusical, fil-o-77iew'-se-kaly a. Loving music. Philopena, fhl-o-pe'-ndy s. A small present. Philopolemic, a. Ruling over oppo¬ site natures. Philoprogenitiveness, fi-lo-pro-je7i'-e-tiV‘ne8, s. In phrenology , the love of offspring. Philosopher, fX-o^-o-fer^ s. A person versed in philo Sophy, or in the principles of nature and morality: one versed in science.— Philosopher's stone, an ima¬ ginary substance which the alchemists formerly sought, as the instrument of converting the baser metals into pure gold. Philosophical, a. Pertaining to philo¬ sophy ad. Philosophically. Phii osoPHisM,^Z-os's. The love of false rea¬ soning ; sophistry. Philosophist, Jil-o^-o-fisty s. A lover of sophistry. Pbilosophistical, fil-as-o-Jis'-te-kal, a. Pertaining to the love of sophistry. [sopher. Philosophize, ^Z-os'-o-^ze, v.n. To reason like a philo- Philosophizer, jfiZ-os'-o-^-zer, s. One who reasons. Philosophy, s. The love of wisdom; inves¬ tigation of the phenomena of mind and matter ; rea¬ soning; argumentation. [the arts. PHiLOTECHNic,^/-o-Zc/;'-«t7;, a. Having attachment to Philter, fiV-ter, s. A charm to excite lov'C — v.a. To impregnate with a love potion. PHTz,y5z,8. The face or vi^age. I Phlebitis, fie-bi'-tis, s. Inflanimation of the vein#. pHLEBOLOQy,/fi-&oZ'-o-;« 8. A treatise on the veins. PHIEBOTOMIST [ 669 ] PIAOULOUS Phlebotomist, 8. A blood-letter, fvein. Phlebotomize, v.a. To let blood from a Phlebotomy, 8. Venesection. Phlegm, s. Cold watery fluid j bronchial mucus ; viscid matter secreted in the throat; dulness. PHLBGMA.T1A., s. Extravasation of mucus. PiiLEGMATic, Jie.g-'inat'~ik, a. Abounding in phlegm; watery • dull; sluggish. Phlegmon, fieg'-mon., s. A cutaneous inflammatory Phleme, 8. Se^ Fleam. [tumour. Phlogistic 8. Partaking of phlogiston; in¬ flaming. [giston with. Pu\ooi8TT'4.TE, flo-jW-te-kutey v.a. To combine phlo- Phlogist .^ATioN, flo-jis-te-ka'-shuriy s. Process of com¬ bining with phloijiston. [inflammability. Phlogiston, s. The supposed principle of PuocA, /o'-kA, s. A genus of mammals; the se^; of the family of the Phocid^. Phocbnic, fo-sen'-ik, a. Pertaining to the dolphin. PaociNE, fo’-sin, a. Pertaining to the seal tribe, [sun. ParEBcs, fe'-bus, 8. In myth., a name of Apollo, or the Phcenix. See Phenix. Phonetic, fo-nef-ik. Representing sounds; vocal. Phonetics," 1 s.pl. The doctrine or science Phonics, /on'-ifcs, ] of sounds, especially of the human voice. 1 to inflict sound. Phonocamptic, fo-no-kam'-tik, a. Having the power PnoNooRiPHic, fo-no-graf'-ik, a. Descriptive of sounds. Phonography, /o-nop-ra-/e, s. A description of the laws of the human voice, or of sounds uttered by the organs of speech. .?HONOLiTE, /o'-no-lite. 8. Sounding-stone ; clinkstone. Phonological, /o-no-t(y'-e-/crtZ, a. Pertaining to pho¬ nology. Ph6inolooy, fo-noV-o-je, s. A treatise on sounds. Phonotypy, s. A proposed mode of print¬ ing, in which each sound of the voice shall be repre¬ sented by a distinct letter or type. Phosgene, fo^-jen, a. Generating light. Phosphate, /o.9'-/a«e, s. A salt of phosphoric acid. Phosphite, /os's. A salt of phosphorous acid. Phospholite, fos'-fo-liie, s. An earth united with phosphoric acid, [morning star. Phosphor, fos'-for, s. That which brings light; the Phosphorate, /os'-/o-raie, v.a. To combine with phos¬ phorus. Phosphoresce, /os'/o-re/, v.n. To shine,as phosphorus. Phosphorescence, fos-fo-res'-sense, s. A faint liirht from a phosphoric body. [faint light. Phosphorescent, fos-fo-res'-sent. a. Shining with a Phosphoric, /os-/or'-iA, a. Pertainingtu phosphorus.— Fhosphoric acid, an acid formed by combining phos¬ phorus w'ith oxyuen. Phosphorite, fos'-for-ite, s. A variety of apatite. Phosphorous, fos'-for-xis, a. Formed by a combination of phosphorus with oxygen. Phosphorus, fos'-for-us, s. A combustible substance of a yellowish colour, and semi-transparent. Phosphuret, fos'-fu-ret, s. A combination of phos¬ phorus with a base. Phosphuretted, fos'-fu-ret-ed, a. Combined with phos¬ phorus.— hydrogen is a combination of phosphorus and hydrogen. Photogenic, fo-to-jen'-ik, a. Producing light by means of the sun’s rays on a chemically prepared ground;— s. Fhotogeny. Photography, fo'-tog-rd-fe, 8. The art of fixing images of the camera obscura on plates of copper covered with a thin coating of silver;—s. Photograph; Photo¬ graphist; —a. Photographic. [tological. Photology, fo-tol'-o-je, s. The science of light;—a. Pho- Photometer, fo-tom'-e-ter, s. An instrument for mea¬ suring the relative intensities of light. Photometry, fo-iom'-e-tre, s. The measurement of light;—a. Photonietrical; ad. Photometrically, Photophobia, fo-to-fo'-be-a, s. A dread of light. Photopsy, /o-iop'-se, s. An affection of the eye, pre¬ senting luminous rays. Phrase, froze, s. A short sentence or expression ; — Phrase-book, a book in which difficult phrases are explained. — v.a. or v.n. To express in peculiar words, [scribed. Phraselbss, frnzef-lesy a. Not to be expressed or de- pHRASEOLooY,/rrti/-5fi-or-o-;e, s. Manner of expressing a thought; diction ; expre.ssion ;—a. Phraseological. Phrenetic, a. Subject to violent bailies of excitement; wild and erratic ; frantic ;—ad. Phreneti- ^8. A person erratic in his imagination. [colly. Phrenic, fren*-ik, a. Belonging to the diaphragm. Phrenitis, fre-ni'-tis, s. An inflammation of the hrair attended with fever and delirium ; phrensy. ^ Phrenological, fre-no-lcy'-e-kal, a. Pertaining to phrenology ;—ad. PhrenologicaUy. Phrenologist, fre-nol'-o-jist, s. A believer in phre¬ nology ; one versed in the science. Phrenology, fre-noV-o-je, s. The science of the human mind as connected with the supposed organs ol thought and passion in the brain, and as deveIo)#ed by the external undulations of the cranium ; cramology. Phrensy, fren'-ze, s. Madness ; delirium. Phthisic, tiz’-zik, s. A popular name for any difficulty of breathing. . , , Phthisical, tiz'-%e-kal, a. Breathing hard. [tion Phthisiology, tiz-e-oV-o-je, s. A treatise on consuinp- Phthisipneumony, ti-sip-new'-mo-ne, s. Pulmonary consumption. Phthisis, tt'-sis, s. A disease of the pulmonary organs^ attended by cough and copious expectorations. PHY’LACTERYjyS^-aft'-^e-re, s. Amy charm, spell, or amu¬ let worn as a preservative from danger or disease a. Phylacteric. pHYLARCHY, fiV-or-ke, 8. Government of a tribe. Phyllite, 8. A petrified leaf. Ph YLioDiuM,/li-io'-de-Mw, s. In hot., a petiole without a lamina. [feed on leaves. Phyllophagans, fU-lof'-A-ganSy s.pl. Animals that Phyllophorocs, ^^-io/'-o-rws, a. Producing leaves. Phyllopods, fiV-lo-pods. s. A tribe of crustaceans with leaf-like feet. Physalite, Jis’-a-lite, s. A mineral of a greenish-white colour ; a variety of prismatic topaz. PHY8iANTHROPY,^z-e-an'-mail, like a pigmy. Pigment, pig'-nirnt, s. A preparation used by painters. Pigmental, pig-men'-tal, a. Pertaining to pigments. Pigmy, pig'-me, s. A person of very .small stature. — a. Very small in size; mean. Pignoration, pig-no-ra'-shun, 8. Act of pledging. PiGNORATivE,-i pig'-no-vd-tiv, a. Pledging ; pawning. Pigtail, pig'-tale, The tail df a pig; a queue ; the hair of the head tied in the foiln of a pig’s tail; a small roll of tobacco. [anything very small. PiGwiDGEON, pig-wid'-jun, 8. A fairy; a cant word for Pike, pike, s. A long pointed weapon ; a spear; a fork used in husbandry.—In fcAfA., a voracious fresh-water fish of the genus e^ox. Pikelet, pike'-let, \ s. A light cake ; a kind Oi Pikelin, pike'-lin, j muffin. PiKEMAN, p>ike'-man, s. A soldier armed with a pike. PiKESTAPp, pike'-staf, s. The shaft of a pike. Pilaster, s. A square column, usually 6e| Pilch4 piltch, 8. A furred gown. [within a walk Pilchard, piltch'-ard, s. A fish resembling the her¬ ring, found on the coast of Cornwall and Devon. Pilcher, piltch'-er, s. Anything lined with fur. Pile, pile, s. (Sp.) A heap, a ma^S‘ or collection ot things; an edifice.—(Sw.) A large stake or piece ol timber driven into the earth to support a bunding — PILEATE [ 671 ] PINNIPED In hei'aldry, an ordinary in form of a stake; the head of an arrow; the fibre of wool; the nap or fine hairy substance of the surface of Pile-driver, an en¬ gine ^OT driving down piles.—Pile-toorm, a worm Tonua m piles in Holland.—Pi/a-worf, a plant whose tuDerous roots have been used in poultices as a specific for the piles. -v.a. To lay or throw into a heap; to collect toge¬ ther ; to amass ; to drive piles. PiLEATE, pil'-e-ate, la. Having the form of a cap PiLEA l ED, piV-e-a-ted, ] or cover for the head. PiLEMENT^^ pile'-menty^. An accumulation. PiLER, pi'-ler, s. One who piles or forms a heap. Piles, pilez, s.pl. The hemorrhoids, or tumours formed by the dilatation of the blood-vessels about the verge of tlie mins. Pilfer, pil'-fer, v n. or v.a. To practice petty theft. Pilferer, pil'-fer-er, s. One who pilfers. Pilfering, pil' fer-ing, s. Petty theft. PiLFERiNGLY, ad. Filchingly. PiLGARLic, pil-gar'-lik, s. A poor, fopsuken wretch. Pilgrim, piV-grint, s. A. wanderer ; one who travels to a distance to visit a holy place. Pilgrimage, pil'-grim-aje, s. A long journey ; a journey undertaken for devotional purposes; the journey of human life. Piliferous, 1 a. Bearing hair; covered PiLiGERous, pi-lij'-er-us, ) with hair. Pill, pil , s. A medicine in the form of a little ball, to be sAvallowed whole ; anything nauseous. — v.a. To rob ; to plunder; to dose with pills. — v.n. To be peeled; to come off in flakes. Pillage, pil'JaJe, s. Plunder; six.il; act of plunder¬ ing ; depredation. [plunder. — v.a. To strip of money or goods by open violence; to Pillager, pil'-la-jer, s. One who plunders by open violence. Pillar, pil'-lar, s. An irregular column, round and in¬ sulated, but deviating from the proportions of a just column; a supporter; a monument; foundation or support. Pillared, piV-lard, a. Supported by pillars. PiLLAu, piV-law, s. A Turkish dish, consisting of boiled rice and mutton. Pillion, piV-yiin, s. A cushion for a woman to ride on behind a person on horseback ; a pad ; a low saddle. Pillory, piV-lur-e, s. An implement of punishment, consisting of a wooden frame on posts, with movable boards and holes, through which are put the head and hands of the criminal. [into desuetude. — v.a. To punish with the pillory, a custom now fallen Pillow, pil'-lo, s. A long cushion to support the head of a person when reposing on a bed ; a sack or case filled with feathers or other soft material.—In a ship, the block on which the inner end of a bowsprit is sup¬ ported —Pillow-case, movable case which is drawn over a pillow. — v.a. To rest or lay on for support. Pillowy, pil'-lo-e, a. Like a piilow. Pilose, pi-lose',) a. Hairy ; covered with or consisting Pilous, pi'-lus, | of hair. PiLosELY, pi-loze'-le, ad. In a pilose manner. PiLosiTY, pi-los'-e-te,s. Hairiness. Pilot, pvdot, s. One whose occupation is to steer ships ; a guide ; a director of one’s course. — v.a. To direct tfie course of a ship where navigation is dangerous ; to guide tlii'ougb dangers. Pilotage, pi'Aot-aje, s. Comi < nsation allowed to pilots, the pilot’s skill. Pir.oT-Fisij, pi'-lot-Jish, s. A fish of the mackerel family. l*iLoriNG, pi'-lot-i>tg, s. The act of steering a sliip. PiLSER, s. The moth that Hies into a flame. PiLULAR, pil'-u-lar, a. Pertaining to pills. PiLULAREA, pil'-u-la-re-d, s. Pilewort, or pepper-grass. PiMELiTE, pim'-e-lite, s. A green clay or earth coloured by chrome. pLMENT, pi'-me7it,8. Wine mixed with spice or honey. PiMENTA, pi-me7i’-ta, \ s. (Span.) Jamaica pepper, Pimento, pi-Tiieri'-to, / popularly called all^ice. Pimp, phnp, s. A procurer; a pander. — v.n. To pander ; to procure lewd women. Pimp-like, pirtip'-like, a. Like a pimp ; vile; infamous. Pimpernel, piin'-per-nel, ) s. The name of several "^iMPiNEL, pi7tV-pe‘7iel, S plants belonging to dif¬ ferent genera. Pimping, pimp'-ing, ppr. or a. Pandering ; procuring lewd women; little ; petty. PniFLE, pwi'pl, 9. A smfill red pustule on the skin. run of pimples. Pin, pin, s. A small pointed instrument used chlcfil by females for fastening their clothes; a piece rt wood or metal sharpened ; a peg ; a bolt; a thing ol little value; a linch-pin ; a note.—Pta a case for holding pins.— Pi7t-cushio7i, a small case stuffed with some soft material, in which femali^s stick pins —Ptn-rfusi, small paiticles of metal made oy pointing pins.—one whose occupation is to makt pins.—Pin-moopy, a sum of money allowed or setrlec on a wife for her private ej^penses. — v.a. To fasten with pins of any kind, to make fast; to inclose ; to confine. PiNACE.®, pis.pl. An important and extensive order of trees, the Cofii/ers, which consist of oobie trees or evergreen sha'ubs. [the ^lody. Pinafore, pin^-d-/ore, s. An apron for the front part ol Pinaster, pi-7ias''t€r, s. (Lat.) The specific name of the cluster-pine of the south of Europe. Pincers, pin^ st in a public place. Pr.ACATE, pla'-kate, v.a. To appease or pacify. Vlkc-e, plnse, s. Locality ; any portion of space ; resi¬ dence . rank ; official station ; occupation condition, or-situation .—To take place, to happen .—To give place, to give room ; to give way. --v.a. To put or set in a particular situation; to locate, fix, or settle ; to put out at interest; to lend. Placeman, plase'-man, s. A government officer. Plac’enta, s. (Lat) In a«ai., the substance that connects the embryo or foetus to the womb. Placestalia, pla-sen-ta'-le-a, s.pl. In zool., a primary division of the niamiiialia, which have a placenta connecting the hetus with the uterus. Placer, pla-ser, s. One who places or locates. Placid, a. Gentle; quiet; undisturbed. Placidly ad. Mildly ; calmly. Placidness,- p/as'-trf-nes, 1 3. (Calmness; quiet; tran- Ti.KC\vi [ \, pld-sid'~e-te, j quiliity ; sweetness of dis¬ position. PuAciT, fdns'-it, 8. The decree of a court; from placi- turn, a publicassembly, where the sovereign formerly presided. [of law. pLAciTOKY, plas'-e-to-re, a. Relating to pleas in courts '^LACoiD, plak'-oyd, a. In ichth. and gem., having the skin covr^^d with plate-like scales. Placoidia.s.-,, pld-koy'-de-ans, 8 pi. The first order of fishes, having the skin covered with enamelled plates. Plafond, plb-fond’,%. (Fr.) In arch., the ceiling of a room ; any soffit. Plagal, pla'-gal, a. In muHc, having the principal notes between the fifth of the key and its octave. Plagiarism, pla'-je-ar-izm, s. The act of appropriating the literary labours of another ; literary theft. Plagiarist, pla'-je-ar-ist, 8. One who purloins the writings of another. [writings of another. Plagiarize, pla'-je-ar-ize, v.a. To purloin from the Plagiary, pVi'.>-«-re,s. A plagiarist; literary theft. — a. Practising liteiary theft. [lead. PlagZ«u'-is-/er«, s. A sphere projected on a Plank, plank, s. A broad piece of sawea timber. — v.a. To cover or lay with planks. Planless, plan*-lee, a. Having no plan. [jectov. Planner, plan*-ner, s. One who forms a plan ; a pro- Plano, pla*-no. (Latj A prefix to many' tenns of art, signifying fiat, as Plano-concave, flat on one side and concave on theotlier.— Plano-conical,\eyc\ on one side and conical on the other.—Piano-co^irex, flat on one side and convex on the other.—Plano-horizontal. having a level, horizontal surface or position.—P/awc- subulate, smooth and awl-shaped. [snails- PLANtiRBis, pla-nnior'-bis, s. A genus of fresh-water Plant^ plant, s. Ajiy vegetable production ; a sapling,, the fixtures and tools neccssar)'' to carry on anv busi¬ ness.—P/a7ii-c^n«, the firet year’s growth of the sugar-canc.— Plant-louse, au insect that infests plants; the puceron. — v a. To set in the ground for growth, as a youno tree ; to set firmly ; to fix ; to settle ; to establish. — v.n. To perform the act of planting. Plantable, plan'-f/i-hl, a. Capable of being planted. Plantaqe,^: ptan'-taje, s. Herbage, or herbs in general, PLANTAGiNACEkt:, plan-taj-e-na'-ce-c, s.pl. A natural order of Exogenous herbaceous plants, of which the Plantngo is the type. Plantal4 plan'-tal, a. Pertaining to plants. Plantain , plan'-iane, s. A tree ol the genus musa and of the palm tribe. Plantation, plan-ta'-shun, 8. The place planted; s large cultivated estate ; a new settlement; a colony. Planted, plant'-ecl, pp. or a. Set in the earth for pro¬ pagation , established. Planter, planV-er, s. One who plants or cultivates, or owns a plantation; one who colonizes. [planter PLANTvnsniP, plant-er-ship, s. The business of a PLANTIOLE r 674 ] PLEDaE Planticle, plan'-tik'l, s. A plant in embryo. ^ Pia.NTiQRADE, plant'-e-gvade^ s. or a. An animal tbat walks on the sole of the foot. Planting, plant~ing, 8. The operation of setting in the ground for propagation; the forming of planta¬ tions of trees. Plan TLET, plant-let, s. A little plant. Plantule, plan'-Ude, s. The embryo of a plant. Plash, p/rtsA, 8. A small puddle of water; the branch — v.n. To dabble in water. [of a tree partly lopped. — v.a. To interweave branches. Plashing, plash'-ing, s. The act of cutting small trees half through and interweaving them ; the dashing of colouring matter on the walls of buildings, in Imita¬ tion of granite, &c. Plasht, plash'-e, a. Abounding with puddles. pLASM,-t phizm, s. A mould or matrix in which any¬ thing is cast or formed. Plasma, plaz'-mii, s. A variety of quartz. Plasmatical, plaz-mat-e-kal, a. Having the power of giving form. Plaster, plds’-ter, s. A composition of lime, water, and sand, for coating walls; an application of an .adhesive nature spread on leather.—P/«s'’er of Faris, a composition of gypsum, used in casting busts ana statues ; plaster-stone. [with a plaster. — v.a. To overlay walls with plaster; to cover a wound Plasterer, plat-ter-er, s. One who overlays with plaster, or who makes figures in plaster. Plastering, plas'-ter-ing, s. Act of overlaying with plaster; a covering of plaster. . Plastic, pZrts'-fiA, a. Having the power of giving form; capable of being moulded.— Ftastic-day, one of the beds of the eocene period, used in making pottery. Plasticity, plas-tis'-e-tc, s. Quality of giving fonn to matter ; capacity of being moulded. [plaster. TLA.si'ooB.A.pjiy ,plu8-tog'-ra-/e,^. Formation of figures in Plastron, plat-tron, s. A piece of leather stuffed, used by fencers; the sternum of reptiles. Plat, plat, v.a. To foian by texture. — s. A small piece of flat ground; work done by platting or weaving. See Platting. Platans, p/af'-nne, s. The plane-tree. Sec Platane.®.’ Platane*, pUi-ta'-ne-e, s.pl. An order of Exogenous plants, the Planes. Plat-BAND, plat'-hand, A border of flowers ; a border. — In arch., a fiat square moulding; the lintel of a door or window ; a fillet between the tiutings of a column. Plate, plate, s. A flat piece of wrought metal; a shal- j low vessel; articles of gold and silver ; a solid page of ^ metal to print from ; a fiat piece of engraved copper, steel, or zinc.— Pint e-glass, a fine kind of glass cast in thick plates, and used for mirrors.-P^cic-racis, a flx- tui*e for tlie reception of plates and dishes. — v.a To cover or overlav witli metal; to adorn with plate , to beat into thin Aat pieties. Plateao, p/tt-7o', s. (Fr.) A broad, fiat space; a large ornamented dish. Platen, plat en, 8. The fiat part of a printing-press by which the impression is made. Platey, pla'-te, a. Like a plate ; flat. Platform, s. A horizontal plane; a level. —Ill arch., an assemblage of timbers for bearing a flat covering of a house; any number of planks to form a floor. 1^LATINO, pla'-ting, s. The art of covering anything with a metal plate. [num. Platiniferous, plat-e-nif'-er-us, a. Producing plati- pLATiNUM plat’-e-num, s. A metal nearly of the colour of silver, but less bright, and the heaviest of the metals. I^latitdde, plat-e-tewd, s. (Fr.j Flatness ; dulness. Platonic, pld-ton'-ik,si. Pertaining to the philosophy or school of Plato.—Piafontc love is a pure spiritual affec¬ tion subsisting between the sexes;—ad. iHatonically. Platonism, pla’-to-nizm, s. The doctrines of Plato and his followers. pLATONisT, pla'-to-nist, s. A follower of Plato, and his docteines. Platonize, pla'-to-nize, v.a. or v.n. To explain or adopt the principles of the Platonic school. pL>TooN, pla-toow, s. A small subdivision of soldiers. E^T:-»ca,pfai'-fcr, 8. A large shallow dish for holding P rovisions; one who plats or forms by weaving.— 'Uitter-faced, having a broad face. Platting, plat-ting, &. Work done by platting ; slips of cane, straw, &c., woven for making into hats, &c. Platypus, s. A name given to two qua- orupedsof New Holland, of the genus ornithorhynenus. Plaudit, 8. Praise bestowed; aoclamation. Plauditort, plaw-de-tur-e, a. Applauding. Plausibility, plaw-se-hiV-e-te, s. Speciousness. Plausible, platf/se-bl, a. That may be applauded specious. Plausibleness, plaiv'-se-bl-nes, s. Speciousnesa. Plausibly, ad. Speciously. Plausive, pZrtte'-stv. a. Applauding; plausible. PlayjpZo, v.n. To use any exercise for pleasure or recreation; to sport; to frolic; to act a part on the stage ; to personate a character ; to gamble. — v.a. To pul in action or motion; to use an instrw~ ment of music.—To play off, to display ; to deceive. — s. Any exercise or series of actions intended for pleasure or diversion, as billiards, cricket, &c., amusement; a dramatic composition; a comedy or tragedy.— Play-hill, a printed advertisement of a play. — Play-book, a book of dramatic compositions.—PZoj/- day, a day given to play .—Play-debt, a debt con¬ tracted by gaming.— Play-fellow, or Playrnate, a com¬ panion in amusements.— Play-goer, who frequents plivys,. — Play-house, a theatre. — Plaything, a toy.— Piay-wright, a maker of plays. Player, pla'-er, s. One vvbo plays in any game or sport; an idler; an actor or performer of dramatic scenes ; a musician ; a gamester. Playful, pla'-ful, a. Given to levity ; sportive. Playfully, pla'-ful-le, ad. In a sportive manner. Playfulness, pla'-ful-nes, s. Sportiveness. Playing, pla'-ing, s. The act of playing. Playsome, pla'-sum, a. Playful; wanton. [nes*. Playsomeness, pla'-sum-nes, s. Playfulness; wanton- Plea, plee, 8. An excuse ; an apology; entreaty.—In that which is alleged by a defendant in answer to the plaintiff’s declaration. Plead, pleed, v.n. To argue or reason in support of a claim; to supplicate with earnestness.—In law, to present an answer to the declaration of a plaintiff. — v.a. To allege or adduce In proof or vindication. Pleadable, pleed'-&-bl, a. That maybe alleged in proof or vindication. Pleader, pleed’-er, 8. One who argues in a court of justice, or who forms pleas or pleadings. Pleading, pleed'-ing, s. The supporting by.arguments. Pleadingly, pleed'-ing-Ie, ad. hy pleading. Pleadings, pleed'-ings, s.pl. In law, mutual altercations between plaintiff and defendant. [mind or senses. Pleasant, plez'-ant, a. Affording gratification to tbe Pleasantly, plez'-ant-le,a.wu.,the tense which denotes that an event took place previous to another past event. \_Plurally. Plural, ploot-ral, a. Consisting of two or more;—ad. Pluralist, ploo'-ral-ist, s. A clergymau who holds more benefices than one. Plurality, phi-ral'-e-te, s. A greater number; a num¬ ber more than one; several; as Plurality of benefices ; Plurality of votes, &c. Pluramze, p'oo'-ral-ize, v.a. To make plural. Pluriliteral, plu-re~lit'-e-ral,s. ora. A word of more than three letters. [used as the sign of addiUon. Plus, phis. (Lat.) More; a character marked thus, Plush, plush, s. A species of shaggy cloth. Pluto, ploo'-to, s. In myth,, the god of hell. Plutonian, pln-to''ne-an, [ s. In geoL, one who attri- Plutonist, ) butes the origin of moun¬ tains, .ic., to lire. Plutonji.-, plu-ton’-ik, a. Igneous.— rocks, un- stratlfied rocks, as granite, porphyry, &c., supposed, according to the Plutonic theory, to have been con¬ solidated from a melted st^iteat a great depth from the surface of the earth; whence Plutonism, or the theory of the Plutonists. Pluvial, plvo’-ve-al, a. Rainy; humid. Pluviameter, ploo-Te-aw'-c-ier, s. A rain gauge a. Pluvxametrical, [to solicit; to tirge. Ply, pit, v.a. To employ with diligence; to keep busy; — v.n. To bend ; to yield ; to work steadily. — 8. A fold ; a plait; bias. Plyer. pli'-er, s. He or that which plies. Plyino. pli'-ing,s. Urgent solicitation. Pneumatic, a. Consisting of or pertaining to air.— Pneumatic-trough, a tin or wooden box used by chemists to collect gases over water, mercury. &c. Pneumatics, nu-maV-iks, s, The science of elastic fluids, especially of the air; +the doctrine of spiritual essences. Pneumatoloot, neuf-ma-tol'-o-je, s. The science of, or a treatise on, the properties of elastic fluids; the doc¬ trine of spiritual existence; whence, Pneumatological, Pneumatologisl, &c. Pneumatometer, new-ma-tom'-e-ter, s. A gasometer. Pneumonia, nu-mo’-ne-A, s. Inflammation of the lungs. Pneumonic, nu-num'-ik, a. Pulmonic. — s. A medicine for diseased lungs. PoA, po'-fi, s. Meadow-grass. Poach, jioatsh, v a. or v.n. To boil slightly, as eggs ; to steal eanie ; t to srab or pierce. PoAcri'Es. pe'-A a’i7»'s, s- Fossil plants; the Doa-grass. VokCHkRD, poatsh'-iird, s. The sea duck , the diver. PoaostBD. poalsh'd, pp. or a. Slightly bulled ; stolen. Poacher, jport^«A'-er, s. One who steals game. PoACHiNESs, pontsh'-e-nes, s. Wetness; marshiness. Poaching, puatsh'-ing, s. Employment of a poacher. Poachy, poaisV-c, a. Wet and soft. VocK., pok, A pustule of tlie small-pox.—Podfe-incrrA mark or scar made by the small-pox. Pocket poA'-c^, s. A small bag inserted in a garment, or at the sides and corners of a billiard-table for re¬ ceiving the balls.— Pocket-book, a small book for carry¬ ing papers in the pocket.—a ptjrtable looking-glass.—the opening into a pocket. Pocket-money, money for occasional expenses. — v.a. To conceal in the pocket. Pockfretten, poA-/rE^'fn, a. Pitted with the small-pox. PocKWooD, po«'-M’eod, s. A very hard wood. Pocky, poA:'-«, a. Infected with the small-pox ; vile,or contemptible. ( Vulg.) Poco, po'-ko, (Ttm.) In music, a little. Pod, pod, s. The pericarp or seed-vessel of plants, as — v.n. To swell; to produce pods. [peas, beans, &c. Podagra, pod'-A-gra, s. Gout.in the feet. PoDAGRAL, pod'-a-gralfSL. Afllictcd with the gout. Podded, pod'-ded, pp. or a. Furnished with pods. Podge, podj, s. A puddle; a plash. Podium, pu'-de-um, s. (Lat.) In arch., the part of an amphitheatre projecting over the arena ; a balcony. Podosperm, pod-o-sperrn, s. In hot., the elongation of the placenta. [meats. PoDRiDA, po-dre'-rfd, s. (Sp.) A miscellaneous dish of P(ecilite, pef-sel-ite, s. The new red sandstone;— a. PcBcilitic. [ceans. PfEciLOPoDs, pe-sU^-o-pods, 8 pi. An order of Crusta- PoEM, po'-em, 8. A metrical composition. Poesy, po'-e-se, s. Poetry ; metrical composition. Poet, po'~et, s. The author of a poem ; one skilled in poetical composition.— Poet-laureate, a poet employed to compose poems for special occasions.—Poe^-//iMsi- emn, an appellation given to the bard and Ivn'st of former ages. [rhymer. PoBTASTLR, po-e-ta^-ter, s. A petty poet; a pitiful Poetess, po’-et-e$, s. A female poet. Poetic, po-et'-ik, ) a. Fictitious; suitable to poetry; Poetical, po-ei'-c-Aa^, / possessing the beauties of poetry ; sublime ;—ad. Poetically. Poetics, po-ct’-iks, s. The doctrine of poetry. Poetize, po'-et-ize, v.n. To w’rite as a poet. Poetry, po'-e-tre, s. Metrical coniposition; verse. Poignancy, poy’-nan-se, s. Sharpness; keenness, severity. [or acute ;—nd. Poignantly. Poignant, pof-nant, a. Sharp ; stimulating ; painfiR Point, poynt, s. The sharp end of any instrument; a steel instrument used in etching; a dot; the switxih of a railway ; a small cape or promontory ; the sting of an epigram; a lively turn of thought; the gist of an argument; punctilio; a stop in punctuation; a srpot.—Point-blank, direct; horizontal. — v.a. To sharpen , to denote or direct; to aim at; to mark with vowel-poiuts; to fiU.joints with mortar, and smooth them with the point of a trowel. — v.n. To direct the finger for designating an object.— To point at, to treat with scorn. Pointed, poynt'-ed, pp. or a. Sharpened ; marked with points; having a sharp point; aimed at; epigram¬ matic; smart;—ad. Pointedly ;—s. Pointedness. Pointed, poyn'-tel,s. A kind of pimcil or style. Pointer, poyn'-ter, s. Anything that points. Pointing, poynt’-ing,s. Punctuation; the act of filling the crevices of a wall with mortar, &c.— Pointing- stock, an object of ridicule. Pointless, poynt’-les, a. Having no point; obtuse. Poise, poyz, s. Weight; balance; equipoise; that which balances ; a regulating power. [ascertain. — v.a. To balance in weight; to load; examine or Poison , poyz’n, s. That which is destructive or injurious to vitality ; venom ; anything infectious; that which destroys moral purity or nialth.—Pot son-vith anything pointed. — v.n. To about in the dark PoxEE, po'-ker, «. An iron bar used In Stirling the fire POKINa [ 077 ] POLYONOMOUS Posing, a. Brud^mg i servile. (CbZZ.)— I*okv)g-stick,!in instrument formerly used in adjust¬ ing the plaits of ruffs. PoLACCA, ) s. A vessel with three masts, Poi.\(jiiE, po-Za'-Ar, j used in the Mediterranean. PuL.AR. f)o’-l'/r, a. Pertaining to, or situated near the poles of the earth. PoLARi'^ci'PE, />o-lnr'-e-sknpe, s. An apparatus for show¬ ing the phenomena of polarized light. Poi.AKiTY, f>o Inr' e-te,s. The property of pointing to the poles of the earth, which is peculiar to the matr- neiie needle. [tion. Poi..ARiZA ut.E, fto-inr-i' z/i hi, a. Susceptible of polariza- Poi.ARiZATius, f>o-lnr-« za'•sh7i7i, The act of giving polaritv to a body. - Polnriznftvn of Hyht is a change prodneed upon liglit by the action ofcei taiii media. Polarize, po'-lor-ize, v.a. To communicate polarity to. — pp. or a. Polarized. PoLARY, /Jo'-W-re, a Tending to a pole. Pole, pole, s A long, slender piece of wood ; a staff; a rod. a p('rch , a measure of 1 iigth . an instrument for measurinir. — In as'ro/i,, one of the extremities of tlie axis on which the sphere revolves; the star which is vertical to the pole of the earth. Pole-star.)— In geog., the extremity of the earth’s axis.— poUs, two points in a magnet in which the power seems concentrated. [as a boat. — v.a. To bear or convey on poles; to impel by polos, Pole-axe, pole'-aks, s. An axe fixed to a pole or handle. Polecat, 8. A small carnivorous quadruped, allied to the weasel, which has glands secreting a fetid litiuor. Polemic , po-lem'-ik, s. A disputant; a controvcrtist. PoLKMiCAL,/>o-/cm'-e-fcn/,a. Controversial; di.'^putative. PoLEMu:8, po-le7u'-iks, 8. Controversies on religious subjects. , [glass. PoLEMo-^copE,s. An oblique perspective Pole-star, pole’-star, s. A star which is nearly Aenical to the p«»le of the earth ; a lode-star; a guide. Police, /iO'/cc's', s. (Fr.) The govt-rnmeni of a city or town ; a body of civil officers for enforcing the laws, called police officers, or policemen. VoLicEv, /)o leest\ a.. Rrgulated by laws. i»oLiCY, por-e-8c,s. Art of governing a nation; pru¬ dence or wisdom; stratagem; dexterity of manage¬ ment; a writing or insirument by which a contract or indemnity is effected. Polino, po'-ling, s. Poles erected for scaffolding or to support the walls of buildings or earthworks;— ppr. Pushing forward with poles. [refine. Polish, pni'-iUh, v.a To make smooth and glossy; to _v.n ' To become snioo’h, or receive a gloss. — s A smooth gl-.>sy surface , rctimnnent Pot-ishable, ish-ii-hl, a. Capable of being polished. Polished, pol' isht, pp. or a. Made smooth , refined Polisher, pol’-ish-e.r, s The person or instrument that polishes. Polishing, poV ish-ing, 9,. Glossiness; refinement. Polish M ENT,"t pol'-ish'ment, S- Polish; refinement. Polite, /w-lite'. a. Having refinement of manners; well-bred ; courteous;—ad. Politely. [finement. Politeness, po-Hte’-nes, s Klegance Of manners ; re- PoLiTEssE, poUe-tess', 8. (Fr.) Overacted politeness. Politic, pol’-e-tik, a. Exercising sagacity ; well- devised ; prudent; sagacious. Political, po-HV-e-kal, a. Pertaining to policy, or to Civil government and its administration. See Politics. ^Political economy, the administration of the revenues of a nation ad. Politically. Politician, pol-e-tish'-an, s. One versed m the art of gOA'erning, or devoted to politics. Politics poV-e-tiks, s. The science of government; political affairs, or the contests of parties for power. Poi.iTDRE,t poV-e-tv,re,%. The gloss given by polishing. Polity, pol'-e-te, 8. The form or constitution of civil government. Polka poV ka, s. A fashionable Hungarian dance. Poll, pole, s. The hack part of the head ; a register of heads of persons . an election of civil officers. — v.a. Tolopthetopsoftrees ; to clip, to shear ; to take a list of voters for polling.—/‘o/Z-iar, a capitation tax. Pollack, po!' Ink, s A species of cod-fish PoLLAttu, pol' lard, 9 A tree having its top cut off; the ciiuh-fisb . a stag thai has cast his Horns ; a mix¬ ture of bran and in-al — v.a. Ti) lop the tops of trees. Pollen, pol'-len.^ Tlie fecundating dust contained in the anther of flowers; flue bran. PoLLSNA-RioFf, pol-le-u(f-re~us, a. Consisting of meal PoLi.EMNE, pol-le-7iin, s. A substance from the poUen of plants. Poller, po'-Zer, 8. One who lops or polls trees; one who r(?gisters voters, or aa'Iio enters his name as a voter. Pollicitation, poL-lis-e to’-shun, s. A voluntary en¬ gagement. PoLLiNCTOR, pol-link'-tur,s. (Lat.) An embalmer. POLLINIFEROL’S, pol-lc-tiif~er-7is, a. Producing pollen. PoLLiYvio, poVde-toig, A tadpole. Pollute, pol-hite'. v.a. To make unclean; to infect with guilt; to profane ; to d<‘tile. Pollute, pol-tutc', ) a. Defiled ; tainted with guilt, Polluted, pol-lu'-ted, j —s. Polhitcdness. PoLi.i TER, pol-lu'-tery s. A detiler; a corrupter; that which defiles. Poi-LUTINO, pol-lu'-fing, a. Having a tendency to defile ;—ad. Pollntbigly. Pollution, pol-ln'-s/iun, 8. The act of polluting, or state of being polluted; defilement; contamination. PoLLu\, pol'-luks, 8. (Lat.) A fixed star in the constel lation 6e:nini. [ladies Polonaise, po'-Zo-tiflze, 8. A dress sometimes worn bj PoLT-FooTEi>,± poalt-fnP-ted, a. Having distorted feet.. Poltroon, pol-troo)i',s. An arrant coward ; a dastard. — a. Hase ; vile; contemptible. Poltroonery, pol-troo)i'~e-re, s. Cowardice PoLvERiN e, poL~ve-ri)i, s. The calcined ashes of an alka¬ line plant. Poly, poi'-e. (Gr.) Many ; a prefix to numerous words, especially scientific terms; as Polygon, a figure of many angles. [plies or magnifies sound. Polyacoustic, pol-e-d-koiv*~stxk, a, or s. That multi- Poi.YADEi.PHiiA, pol-e~a~del'-/e~(i, s.pl. A cla>s of plants with stamens united in three or more bundles,—a. Poly add phitni, Pohjndelpfuins. Polyandria, po'-e-an'-dre-d, s.pl. A classof hermaphro¬ dite plants having many stamens .—a. Polyandrum. Polyandry, pol-e-an'-dre, 9. Plurality of husbands. Poly ANTH U8,/)oZ-e’-fGr-E-gra/, s. An instrument for inulti- Polyoraphy, po-lig'-rd-fc, s. The art of writing and deciphering various ciphers ;—a. Polygraphic. PoLTGYNiA, pol-e-ji7i'-e-d, s pi An order of plants hav¬ ing many styles ;—a. Polygynia7x. Polygyny, po~lij'-e-nej s. See Polygamy. Polyhalite, pol'-e-d-hte, s. A red mineral. Poi-;*hedron, pol-e-h^-dro7i, s. A geometrical solid con ¬ taining many sides or planes. In optics, a polyscops or multiplying glass ;—a. Polyhedral. Polymath Y, />o-Zt7/i'-A-ZAe, s. ICnowledge of many arts and sciences ;—a. Pohjmathic. [pal. Polymign ITE, pol-e-7nig'’7iite, s. A black, shining mino- Polymnite, ps. Astone marked with den¬ drites and black lines. Polymorph, pol'-e-morf, s. A numm’nus tribe of shells. PuLvMoRPHOus,/;o/-e-/a(>r'-/us. a. Having many forms. Polvneme. poV-e-7icrr:, s. A sea-fish, of the pm-cb family Poly NFSiA,/JoZ-c-ne'-zAtf-d, s. A term applied to a nu¬ merous group of isles in the Paiufic ()i-ean .—a Poly¬ nesian. .terms or riames. Polynomial, pol-e-no'-me-al, a. Containing manj PoLioM0M0UB,/)0f-«-GH'-«-mii5, a. Having many titlea. POLYOPTEON [ 673 ] POPULATION POLTOPTROK, poZ-0-Op^-^>'O7i, 8. A ^IRSS thTOUgll wllich objects appear multiplied, but diminished. P 0 LY 0 RA.MA, pt>i-fi*o-ra'*tHa, s. A view of many objects. Polypary, poV~e-ph-re. 8. A name given to coral, because formed by polypes. Folype, pol'-ip, s. An aquatic animal of the radiate kind, some species of which secrete coral. PoLTPEDB, por-«-pede, is. An animal'vith many feet, PoLYPODB, pol'-e-pode, j as the millepede, or wood¬ louse; the fourth class of the Radiata of Cuvier. PoLTPBTALOTJs, poi-0-pei'-d-iM5, R. lu bot., having niany petals. . , [things. PoLTPHAOous, po-li/'-A-gtis, a. Subsisting on many Polypharmacy, pol-e-/<*r'-7«d-se, s. Medicines of many ingredients. .... Poi.T phonic, pol-e-/on'-ik, a. Consisting of many voices Polyphony, po-lif'-o-ne, s. Multiplicity of sounds. P 0 LTPHONI 8 T, po-lif'-o-nisif s. A ventriloquist. PoLYPH YLLoos, po-le-JU'-lus, a. In hot.y maiiy-leafed. PoLYPiARiA, po-lip-e-a'-re-h, s.pl. A class of zoophytes, of which the Polypxu is the type;—a. Polypiarian. PoLYPiDOM, po-li}/-e-dwn, s. A house or hive of polypes. [the Filice$, or Ferns. PoLYPODiACE.®, pol-e-pod-e-a'-se-e, s.pl. An order^ of PoLYPRisMATic, po^-e-priz-mai'-iA:, a. Incryst., having many lateral planes. Polypus, pol'-e-pus, s. Something that has many feet or roots. In pat?i., a tumoura. Polypous. See POLYPIARIA. P 0 LE 8 COPE, pol'-e-s/coptf, 8. A multiplying glass. PoLYSEPALous, pol-e-sep'-d-lus, a. In hot., having more than one sepal. . [many pulleys. Polyspast, poL'-e-spast, s. A machine coiwisting of Polysperm, poV-e-sperm^ 8. A tree whose fruit contains many seeds;—a. Polyspermous. [columns. Polystyle, pol'-e-stile, s. An edifice with numerous Polysyllable, pol-e-sil'-ld-bly &. A word of many syl¬ lables a. Polysyllabic. [arts. Polytechnic, pol-e-tek'-nik, s. Comprehending many PoLTTHALAMOu8,po/-e-i/i«r-d-»mts,a. Many chambered. Polytheism, poV-e-the~izm, The worsliipping a plu¬ rality of godsa. Polytheistical; —ad. Polytheistically. Polytheist, pol'-e-the-ist, s. One who believes in a plurality of gods. [belts. Polyzonal, pol-e-z(/-nal, a. Composed of many zones or PoLTzooN, pol-e-zo'-one, s. A compound animal. Pomace, pxim'-aseyS. The substance of apples or similar iruil crushed by grinding. PoMACEiE, po-ma-se-e, s.pl. A natural order of Exoge¬ nous plants, of which thepomxwi, or apple, is the type. P 0 MACEOU 8 po-mn'-she-xis, a. Consisting 01 apples. PoM.^DE, po-made', s. Perfumed ointment. Pomander, po-»uan'-rfer, 8. A perfumed ball or powder. Pomatum, po-iiux’-tutn^ s. A perfumed unguent used for — v.a. To apply pomatum to tlie hair. [hair. Pome, pome, s. In bot. , a pulpy pericarp without valves. PoME-ciTRoN, pome-sit'-rxxn, s. A citron apple. Pomegranate, puxn-gran’-ate, s. The tree that pro¬ duces pomegranates, or the fruit. Pomeroy , puDi'-roj/, s. A variety of apple. PoMiFEROus, po-niif'-er-us, a. Apple-bearing; as, apples, melons, gourds, &c. [hilt. Pommel, pxinx -met, s. A knob on a saddle-bow or sword- — v.a. To beat as with a pommel. Pommeling, pxim'-mel-ling, s. A beating or bruising. Pomology, po-moV-o-je, s. Art of rearing fruit, particu¬ larly apples. [pageantiy. Pomp, pomp, s. Exhibition or ceremony; display; Pomp ION, pxt,mp'~e-on, s. A pumpkin ; the gourd. PoMPiRE, pom'-pire, s. A variety of apple. Pomposity, pom-pos’-e-te., s. Ostentation ; boasting. PoMPoso, poni-po'-so, ad. (Ital.J in music, grandly. Pompous, poxn'-pus, Ql. Displaying pomp or grandeur; showy ; ostentatious;—ad. Pompoxisly. J’OMPOusN ESS, pom'-ptis-ntfs, 8. ShoMTness; display. Pond, pon^ s. A body or stagnant water without an outlet.—i^iaA-pourf, a pond containing fish.—Pond- weed. an aquatic herb. — v.a. To make a pond. Ponder, pon'-der, v.a. or v.n. To weigh in the mind ; to examine ; to think ; to muse on. [ponderable. Ponderability, pon-der-a-bil'-e-te, a. State of being Ponderable, pon'-dex'-a-bl, a. That may be w^eighed. PoNDERAL, pon'-der-al, a. Estimated by weight. PoNDERANCE, pou'-der-aus€, %. Weight; gravity. Ponderate, f pon'-der-ate, v.a. To weigh in tlie mind. Ponderation , pon-der-n'-shtin, s. The act of weighing. Ponderer, poxx'-der-er, s. One who considers. PoNDERiNGLT, pou'-der^ing-lt, ad. With consideratioiL Ponderosity, pon-der-os'-e-te,B. Weight; gravity. Ponderous, pon'-der-xis, a. Very heavy; weighty;- - ad. Ponderoxisly ;—s. Ponderousxieas. Pongo, ponf-o, 8 . A large species of ape. Poniard, pon'-yard, s. A small dagger. — v.a. To pierce with a poniard , to stab. PoNTAc, pon'-tak, 8 . A fine species of claret. Pontage, pon'-taje, 8 . A duty for repaiiing bridges. PoNTEE, pon'-tee, 8 . An iron instrument by wliici the hot glass is taken out of the glass-pot. Pontic, pon'-tik, a. Pertaining to the Black Sea. Pontiff, poxi'-tif, s. A high priest; the pope. Pontifical, pon-iif'-e~kal, a. Relating to priests , popish;—ad. Poxitifically. [astical. — 8 . A book containing rites and ceremonies ecclesi- PoNTiPicALiTY, pon-tif-e-kal'-e-te, s. Government of the pope. P 0 NTIPICA 15 , s.pl. Dresses of a priest. Pontificate, pon-tif-e-kate, s- The dignity of a pontiff; the reign of a pope. PoNTiricE,-|- pon'-le-fis,%. Structure of a bridge. Pontificial, pon-te-Jish'-al, a. Pertaining to the pope. PoNTiFiciAN, pon-te-fish'-an, s. A supporter of the pope. Pontine, pon' tin, a. A term designating a large marsh between Rome and Naples. Pontlevis, pont'-lev-is,B, The disorderly rearing of a horse on his hind legs. [bridges. Pontonier, poix-to-nee'P, 8 . A military constnictor of Pontoon, pon-toon', s. A flat-bo’’tnmed boat, used for constimcting temporary bridges.— Pontoon-bridge is a bridge formed Yvith pontoons. Pony, p(^-ne, s.; pi. Ponies. A small horse, [pounds. Pood, pood, s. A Russian weight, equal to 36 English Poodle, poo'-dl, s. A small dog resembling the water- dog. [tempt. Pooh, poo, inten. An exclamation of dislike or cou- PooL, pool, s. (Sax.) A small collectiori of water in a hollow place.—(Fr.) the stakes played for in certain games of cards ; a particular game at billiards. Pooler, pool'-er, s. An instrument to stir a tan vat. Poop, poop, s. The aftmost deck of a ship. — v.a. To strike the stern of a vessel. [poop. Pooped, poopt, pp. or a. Having a poop ; struck on the Pooping, poop'-ing, s. The shock of a heavy sea on the stern of a ship; the running one ship against another. Poor, poor., a. Destitute of property; indigent; neces¬ sitous ; destitute of strength ; barren ; mean ; of little worth ; dejected ; destitute of spirit.— Poor-hoxise, a public establishment for the support of the poor.— Poor-laws, regulations for the support of the poor.— Poor-spirited, of a mean spirit. PooR-jOHN, pooP-jon, s. A species of cod-fish. Poorly, pooP-le, ad. Without wealth ; in indigence. — a. Somewhat ill; indisposed. [ness. Poorness, poor'-nes, s. Destitution ; poverty ; baijen- Pop, pop, a. A smart, quick sound. — v.n. To issue forth with a quick motion. — v.a. To push suddenly. — ad. Suddenly. Pope, pope, s The Bishop of Rome ; the head of the Roman Catholic Church ; a small fish. PoPE-JOAN, pope'-jone, s. A game of cards. ^ [thigh. Pope’s-eyb, popeW-i, s. A gland in the middle of the Popedom, pope'-dtem, s. The jurisdiction of the pope. Popeling, pope'-ling, s. An adherent of the pope. PopF.RY, po'-pe-re, s. The popish religion. Popgun, pop'-gun, s. A small gun or tube used hf children. Popinjay, pop'-m-^a,s. A parrot; a woodpecker; a fop. Popish, po'-pisA, a. Relating to the pope or to popery; —ad. Popishly. Poplar, pop'-lar, s. A tree of tlie genus populus. Poplin, pop'-lin, s. A stuff made of silk and worsted. PoPLiTic, pop-lit'-ik, a. Pertaining to the posterior part of the knee-joint or ham. Poppet, pop/-pet, a. One of the timbers used to support a ship In launching. See Puppet. Poppy, pop'-pe, s. A plant of the genus papaver. [mob Populace, pop'-u-lase, 8 . The common people; tht PopriAR, pop'-M-/ar, a. Suitable to common people; familiar ; extensively prevalentad. Popxdarly. PopuL. 4 .RiTY, pop-u-lai^-e-te, s. Favour of the people^ Popularize, v.a. To spread among tiic people. [furnish with inhabitants. Populate, pop'-u-late, v.n. or v.a. To propagate ; to Population, pop-u-la-shun, s. Tlie number of pecpl* or inhabitants in a country. POPULINE t 679 ] POSSIBLE ropuiiNE, po^-u-Un, 8. A crystallizable substance separated from the bark of the ^pen. Porecous, pop'-u-lus, a. Full of inhabitants ; abound¬ ing with people ;—ad. Populously ;—s. Populousness, Poiu AIE, por’-kate. a. Formed in ridges. £\mci;LAiN, por'-se-lane, s. A fine semi-transparent earthenware ;—a. Porcellaneous. .... -a i Porcellahjte, s. A sfimi-vitrined clay. Porch, parish, s. A kind of vestibule at the entrance of temples, halls, or other buildings ; a portico. Porcine a. Pertaining to swine. PoRcopiNE,pattJr'-;tM-pm€, s'. ’A quadi-uped of the genus hystrix of Linnaeus, furnished with spines. -Jforcu- pine-jish, a tisb of the tropical seas, covered with spines. . ^ Pore, pore, s. A minute interstice in the skin through which per«:pirati<)n passes. , . a.- i _v.ii To examine witli continued attention and care. PoRBBLiND,See Purblind. PoRER, por'-er, s. One who pores or studies diligently. PoROY, por'-je, s. A salt-water fish esteemed as food. PoRiFORM, po'-re-fawrm, a. Resembling a pore. PoRiNEss, pc/-re-nes, s. The state oi oeing pory. PoRisM, po'~rizm, s. In geom.^ a theorem of obvious solution ;~a. Porismatic, and Ponstic. PoRiTE, po'-rite, s. h. genus of fossil Polypifei-s. Pork, poark, s. The flesh of swine, fresh or salted. -Pork-eater, one who feeds on swine’s flesh. Porker, poarA:'-er, i ’ ■ • 8. A young pig. [scrotum. In path., a hard tumour of the Converting food into hard [stices. w. State of having pores or inter- PoRous, po'-rus, a. Having interstices in the skin, or passages for fluids;—ad. Porously Porousness. pORFHYRiTic,a. Pertaining to or resem¬ bling porphyry. fphyfy* PoRPHY'RizE, po7''~fe-rize, v.a. To cause to resemble por- PoRPHYHY, por'-fe-re, s. A rock consi.sting of a compact feldspathic base, through which crystals of feldspar of a lighter colour are disseminated.—Porp*i/ry-s/ie/L a univalve shell of the genus ^mrex. Porpoise, por'-pus, s. The hog-flsh or sea-hog > a cetaceous mammal. PoRRACEous, por-ra'-s/ie-«s, a. Greenish. ^ PoRRBCT, a. Extending forth horizontally. PoRRECTi 3 N,J por-rek'-shun, s. Act of stretching forth. PoRRET, r-jr'-rci, 8- A leek or small (tnioii. Porridge, jifo-'-ry, s. A kind of broth.—Porrmfire-poc, the pot m which porridge is boiled. PoRRiGo, por-ri'-go, s. A cutaneous eruption; the scall. Porringer, por'-ri/i-j'er, s. A small metal vessel. Port, poart, 8. Any harbour which vessels can enter, and where thev can remain in safety; a port-hole ; the larboard or'left side of a ship ; mien, or external appearance ; a dark astringent wine made in Portu¬ gal. - Port of entry, ^ port where a custom-house is established.—Port-flrf/wira?, the officer having charge of a naval port and the vessels therein.—Pori-6ar, a bar to secure the ports of a ship in a gale of wind ; a boom to bar a port or haj'bour.—Pori-c/iargrcs, charges o oiiir* f\r- ito pnrtj-n i« Rnhip.ntftd.— Port-fire, a PoRKET, poark'-et, PoRKLiNG, poark'-ling, PoROCELE, po'-ro-sele, s PoBOTic, po-rot'-ik, a matter. Porosity, po-ros'-e-fe, 8 to which a sliip or its cargo is subjected.—Por«-^re, burning composition used for setting fire to powder, &c.—Pll,ii bill of letters transmitted by mail — hen/ S. hot'' fi/lo..- . 2 a ijiij \ji icLicis iiansmiLieo oy niau — lost- tiiy. h buy who rides post.—PosY-,/,awe, a caniai-e tor the conveyance of travellei's.—7'ui.7-<4/y, a day on which the mail arrives or departs.—7W-/m.s?e, speed 11 } travelling.—a lujrse statiuued ai certain distances on a load.— Pust-honse, a house wliere a post-otlice is kept tor receiving and delivering letters. —Post mark, the mark or^tamp of a post-office on a letter.—having tlie postage paid —Po.si:- town, a town in which a post-office is estabiislied, also where po>t-horses are kept. — A Latin pri'position, signifying after, and used as a prenx to many English words; us Pust-date, to date after ttie leal time, Pust-dUsvizor, i\ person who dis¬ seizes another of lands, Posi-existeiue, subsequent existence; Post-iueridiem, afternoon ; Post-murtem alter death . Post-note, a promissory note issued by a bank, and made payable at some future specified lime, happening after marriage ; Post- obit, a oond in whicli the obligor bin^ himself to pay uiuisual interest on the dcatli of some individual. — v.n. To travel with speed. eJtpose to public reproach by fixing the name to a post; to forward a letter by tiie post-office ; to caiTy accounts to Die ledger. I osTAULE,poasr-a^f>/, a. Tliat maybe conveyed by post losTAOE, poa.'esTiNG,poas('-.-„(,, s. The tr insferring ofTeco^u to a ledger, the travelling with p st.ho?scs ^ soqueutiy a- Contrived sub- to one's I osi'MAN,s. A letter-eaiTier. * mrsriifth o' ''"'"ty'"''";-'", 8. The superintendent of a th^ liist i “‘0 ohief officer of me f.x)sl-offi' e dejiariment. receipt and delivery of letters. iiinaii' pot off; 'O P'wrnt proe“ustlrmtio/:'“‘''^““ ^ rosTPoNER, puast-po’-ner, s. One wlio delays or puts off s. State of being nut PosiuEMoU' -pos'-e-fie, a. Placed after'Lnm: order. ^tore remote in time or PosTBcxmcM, pcott-te'-ne-um, s. The Ijick parfof*tS I VozTSCKiTT.poast'-skript, s. A paragraph added to a I letter aDe* .he signatui’e of the writer. PosTcLAr-i pos'-tu-lant, s. One who makes a demand. PosTi LATE.poi -tu-late, s. A position assumed without proof.—In maOi., a self-evident problem. — v.a. To assume without proof; to solicit. losTCLATioN, pos-tu-la'-shun, 8. Gratuitous assumn. tion, intercession. [proof. PosTCLATORY, a. Assuming witliout PosTCLATUM,pos-^M-/rt'-fMm,s. (Lat.) A postulate. PosTCK«E,/^c;si-yar, s. Altitude, position; siimition of Uie bou\ ; state; condititiii.— Posture-Tuas’er.owQ who teaches or practises aiaificial postures of tlie botiy. f V‘ ^ Pi^i td-ular manner ; to dispose the paits of a body ti»r a partumiar purpose Post, po'-ze, s A bunch of flowers. n boiling liquids , a sniall-sized paper.—io yo to pot, to be ruined ii? J'77^ the reiuse from a grain dislillerv, used hPiiv^^'^p swn,e. —having a prominent belly. Jot-boy, a nunial in a public-house.—J'oi- comiiuuwn, a companion in drinkingA./n^001 of ,he solaLm POT.TOR \ pa'-th-lur-e, a. Pertaining to drinking PorcH, potsh, v.n. To pusli ; to thrust. Poteen, pu-teen', s Irish wliisky. Po^ENrv w'T s«lp‘'ui-et of mohjbdemim. "^hoadm’ rcruteh.’^- >-e^embIihg the Potency, p -ten’-se, s. Physical or moral power Potent, po>-tent a. Havirig physical o? niomi po^yer so?ereiI4’. «• A. powerful pei'soLge; a in possibility, not f™ otential maud, in pram., is tliat fbrni of tlie verb winch is used to express power or possibility of power i-nd.^otriitml/u.*^ s. Anything that may be possible. ractualltv P 0 TENT 1 R 1 . 1 TV pu-ten-she-aKe-te, s. Possib Uty not POTENTLV,/lo'-tent-le.ad. Powerfully. “ ^ Hustle ; coiilUsiou. (Low.) — v.n. To make a stu*; to bluster. ^ ^ — v.a. To harass; to puzzle. Potion, po'-tion, s. A draught ; a dose. 1 OTJN,/.jy's. A composition of copper, lead, tin and silver, of wliicli Roman coins wrre made. ’ A irag'nent of a broken pot. Poi 1 AGE, pot-faye, s. A specn^s of soup Potted, pot’-ud, pp. or a. Preserved in a pot or cask Potter pot-fcr, s. a maker of eaillien vessels. ter s clay, a vaiiery of clay used bv potters '’i[ls mm/u/aemred'- the place where PoTriNo, pot'-ting, i. Drinking, tlrpliliK Pottle, pot -tl s. A liquid measure of four nints • a ve..sel, a tankard ; a small bnskei for holdiii'. fruit' Im'iur/ruV&uth Aniedja ^ POTTOROU, poc-to-roi/, 8. The kangaroo rat. ,,^^ther tipsy ; fit to diink. — T.^’ CiSli; toTwSio^.- “ ''-•''tuberant belly. POUOHOKa [ C81 ] PREACH poocnoKo, poo-shong', s. A kind of black tea. PouDRETTE, poo-dret', s. (Ft.) A powerful manure. PocLP, ptilp. 8. An eight-fooled, dibrauchiate cepli- aiopod. P 01 M.T.+ poalt,9. A 5'oung cnicken, partridge, «&c. Poi i.TEBER. pole'-ter-er, s One whose business is to sell fowls. 'cataplasm. PocLTicE. pole'-tis, 8. A mollifying application; a — v.a. To apply a cataplasm. Poultry, pde'-tre, s. Domestic fowls.—Poti/?rT/-t/o7rf, a yard or place where fowls are kept for the table. Pou'nck, pownse, 8. Gum saiidarach powder, the claw of a bird of prey.-^Ponnre-hox, a box for sprinkling pounce on paper. — V a To sprinkle with pounce ; to fall on suddenly ; to seize with claws. Pounc>;t-box,+ s. A small box for hold¬ ing penumes- PouND, pftoitd, 9 . A standard weigljt consisting of twelve ounces Troy or sixteen ounces avoirdupois ; a money of account consisting of twenty shillings; a pinfold for enclosing cattle.—PeuJtfi-/cee/>cr, one who nas the care of a cattle pound.—Poi«it/-ybo/tsA, negli¬ gent in the care of large sums, but careful to save small ones. — v.n To coniine in a public pound. — v.a. To strike with some heavy Instrument; to comminute bv heating. [the pound. Poundage, poten i-flyc,s. An allowance of so much in Pounder, po«oj'-r/^r,s. A pestle ; a gun that caiTies a bullet of some pounds weight. Poi'PEToN, poo'-pe-fun, s A puppet or little baby. Pour, poy-e. v.a. To empty liquids out of any vessel; to send forth m a stream. [rush in a crowd. — v.n. To flow rapidly ; to issue forth in a stream ; to Pot: RKR, f'r, s- One " lit) pours. Poi'KPRESTCKE, poor-prey-turey s. In laio, a wrongful inclo.«iure of another man’s property; an encroach¬ ment on the property of the crown. Pout, powty 8. A sea-fish of tlie cod kind; a young partridge ; a pullet; a til of sullonness. — v.n. To pout out the lip.s in sullenne.ss ; to frown. Pouter, pow'-ter,s. A variety of domestic pigeon, with an inflated breast. Pouting, poivt' iiuj, s. Childish sullenness. — a. Sliootingoui , prominent; poutmp lips. Poverty, /wv'-cr-ff, s Indigence; necessity; penuiT’, barrenness t>f sentiment. defect of words ; sterility. Powder, 8. Any dry substance composed of minute particles, a compo.sition of saltpetre, sulphur, and charcoal; gunpowder; hair-powder; pulverized starch.—pmedera box in which hair-powder is V.e\it.—}’ou'der-cnrt, a cart that carries powder and shot for artillery.— Pozvder-c^ieni, a small box charged with powder, &c., to be discharged at an enemy attempting to hoard a ship.—Po/' of ottoyiiey, a written authority to act for another —Poiver-lootn, a loom moved by me¬ chanical power ... Fowkrfci., poiv'-er-ful, a. Having great physical, moral, or nnahanical power; potent; influential;— ad Powt'vfvlly s Powerfulness. PowERi ESS,'a. Destitute of power; impo- ^—s Powerlt-Hsiiess. PoWTER. See Pol TER Pox, po s. s In poth , a di.«ease consisting of pustules or eruption> of any kind, as, the Mnall-pox, chicken- pox. the vaccine, and the lues venerea. Po»zcoi.AN.A, pot-sn-o-la-na, s. Volcanic ashes used as a uionar. [Baltic. Praam, pram, 8. A flat-bottomed boat used m the Practicajuuty, prak-te-ka-bil'-e-te, Is. State of being raACTiCABLENEse, praI^-te~kA bl-ues, 1 practicable. Practicable, pralf-te-hA-bt, a. That may he performed by human means: feasible ad- Pracficahly. Practicat., f>rnk'~te~kul, a. That nmv bi* used in prac¬ tice or appU'‘d‘ to use . not merely theorclieal.—iVac- tn-nl joke, a mischievous trick .—ad. PeactxcaUy. Practicai.ness. prak'-te-knl-ues, s The being praetieal Practke, s. Habit; use, dexterity, method frequent use, a rule in arithmetic by which calcula¬ tions are abridged. Practise, prnk'-tis, V a. or v.n. To do or peiionn any¬ thing habitually ; to exercise any profession ; to tr> artifices PaACTisED, p^nk'-tisty a. Having had much practice. pRACTisER, prak'-ti-ser,s. One w'ho practises or exer cises a profession. Practising, prak'-tis-vuj, a. Engaged in any profes¬ sional employment. [^t or profession. Practitioner, prnk-tish' un-er,%. One engaged in any Pa^, pre. A Latin preposition, signifying beforcy oi very general use in English compounds, but usually . written pre. pR.EciPE, pre'-se-pe, s. (Lat.) In law, a writ commaua- ing something to be done. Pr.£Munirf., jyre-nui-ni'-re, s. (Lat.) The penalty in¬ curred by infringing a statute ; a writ. Pragmatic, prag-ninP-ik, » a. Forward to infe*-- Pragmatical, prag-niat'-e-kal,} meddle; imperti¬ nently officious in tlie concerns of others;—ad. Prag mnticdlly ; —s. Pragmatlcalness [person. Pragmatist, prag'-nui-tist,s. An impertinently officious Prairie, pro'-re, s. An extensive trad of land desti¬ tute of iraos.—Prairie-dog, a small rodent animal. PRAisABi.E,t pra'-z(i-bl,A. That may he praised. Praise, praze, s. Commendation ; approbation ; enco¬ mium ; panegyric. [mend or applaud. — v.a. To bestow commendation on ; to extol . to com PaAisEFUL,^ praze'-fulyA. Laudable; coinmendable. Praiser, pra'-zer,B. One who praises or extols. Pr.aiseless, praze'-les, a. Without pratse or commenda- tioii. [commendation Praiseworthiness, praze'-wxtr-the-nes, s. The deserving Praiseworthy, a. Deserving o! praise, commendable; laudable ad. Fraisewvrihily. Pram, pram, s. See Praam. [tatiously. Prance, prnnse, v.n. To spring or bound ; to riile osten- Prancing, prans'-i?ig, s A springing or bounding. Prank, prank, v.a. To adorn in a showy manner. — s. A wild night; a canering; a freak, or gambol. — a. Frolicsome ; full ot gambols. pRANKER, prank'-er, s. One who dresses ostentatiously. Pranking, prank'-ina,%. Ostentatious display. Prankish, prank'-ish, a. Full of pranks. Prase, praze, s Opaque green quartz. Prasinous, pras'-e-nxis, a. Grass-green. pRAsiTES, pra-si’-tes, s. Wine in which the leaves of hoarhound have been infused. Prason, px-a'sn, s. A leek ; a seaweed. Prate, prate, v.n. To talk much ; to babble. — v.a. To utter foolishly. — s. Trifling talk ; unmeaning loquacity. Prater, pra'-ter, s. A chatterer. Prating, pra'-ting, a. Talking idly ; loquacious — 8. Idle and trifling talk. [ad. P»'nting}y. Pratique, prat'-eek, s. lacense to a ship at quaiaiiume. Prattle, prat'tl, v.n. To talk idly. — s. Idle chatter ; prattlemeiU. Prattler, prnt'-ler, s. An idle talker. Prattling, prat’-ling, a. Talking on trivial affaiis. pRAviTY, *, s. Moral perversion ; depravity. Prawn, p)v;«7n, s. A small crusiaceous animal of the Praxis, pr/zA'-s*.?, 8. Use ; practice. [shrimp family. Pray, pm, v.n. or v.a. To supplicate or entreat; to ask with earnestness; to address the Suprmue Being with adoration. Prayer, pra'-er, 8. The earnest asking for a favour ; a petition or supplication ; a solemn address to tlie Supreme Being; a fonnula of church service.— Pniy<'r-/)ooA. a book containing prayers or the forms of devotion. Prayerful, pra'-er-fiil, a Devotional ad. Prayer¬ fully 8. Prnyerfuluess. {lessness, Prayerless, pra'-er-Us, a. Notusing prayer ;• -s. Prayer- Pravinglv, pra'-ing-le, ad. With supplication. Pre, pre. A common English prefix from the Latin pree, signifying before or anteeedent, L^tisaiion Preaccusation, pre-ak-ku-sa'-shxin, s. Previous ac- pREACH, preetch, v.n. To pronounce a public discoursi on a religious subject; to exhort to repentance. PBEAOH PREDESiaN [ csa ] Pkiach, T.a. To proclaim; to pubUsh in religious discourses.—To preoeA up, to discourse in fayour of. irasACHER, preetch'-eTy s One who discourses on reli¬ gious subjects. Preach ER8HIP, preetch'~er~shipy s. Office of a preacher. Preaching, preetch'-ing, s. Act of preaching. Preachment, preetch'-ment, s. A discourse or sermon (In contempt.) AiNTANCE, pTe-(ih~kto(iy}itf-Qnse, s. Previous ^ [quainted. 1 RBACUL AiNiED, pTe~(ik~kw(iyixV~edy a. Previously ac- Preadamite, pre-ad'-h-mite, s- An inhabitant of the earth previous to Adam a. Preadaviitic. Prea DMi ntstration , pre-ad-min-is-tru'-shun s. Pre¬ vious administration. [previously. Preadmonish, pre-ad-man'-ish y.a. To admonish Preadmonition, pre-ad-mo-msh'-un, s. Previous warning. Preamble, p>Y-am-bl,s. Introduction to a discourse or writing ; the introductory part of a statute. — v.a. To preface. Preambclate, pre-am'-bu-tate, v.n. To walk before. 1 REAMBULATION, pre-am-bu-la'-shuny s. A walking before. [fore; preceding. PfiEAMBULATORT, pre-om'-bu-la-Uir-e, a. Going be - yic-u^ifc-uxt-ta-cnr-e, a. liOlllg be- Preappoint, pre-ap-poynt', v.a. To appoint previously Preappointment, pre-ap-poynt'-ment, s. Previous appomtment. PUEAPPREHENSION, pre-ap-pre-lim'-shun, s. An onl- nion formed before examination. Pkeasscrance, pre-as-shure'-anse,s. Previous assurance 1 REASSURE, pre-as-slmre'. v.a. To assure beforehand PREAUDIENCE, pre-auid'-e-ens, s, Klght of nrevious audience. “ rbendarv I REIIENU, preb’-enU, s. The stipend granted to a nre- PREBENDAL, prc-heu'-clol. R. Pertaining to a prebend *^catliSafS' The stipendiary of a Precarious, pre-ka'-re-us, a. Depending on the will or pleasure of another; uncertain i—nd.^recariouslv ■ —s. Precarionsness. ^ ^ ^ Precatory, prek '- d - to - re , a. Suppliant; beseeching. Precaution, 8. Preventive measures* caution previously employed. ’ -- v.a. To wara ©r ad\Tse beforehand. [mischief 1 RECAUTiONAL, prc-kav/-shun-nl, a. Preventive of Precautionart, pre - kaW - shun - d ^ re , a. Containing nre- vious caution. Precautious, pre-kaio'-shus, a. Taking precautionary measuresad. Precautiously. ^ ccauuunary pRECEDANEous, pre-se-da'-ne-us, a. Antecedent v.a. To go before in the order of time, or in rank or importance. 8. The act or state of going PRECEDEN?^pjr*(?.dm” Go?ng°blfirT;^a^ntSr' re^’thfsl^me S. Precedented, pres’-e-de,it-ed, a. Having a precedent Precedentlv, pres'-e-dent-le, ad. Kefor?ha5^d PRECETTt“'prB.,Bn'-t„r. s. The Ll^r^ra^e^Jlr^^a ^precenton®"’’ 8. The office of a PiiECEi-T. pre'-sept, s. An authoritative mile respecting ;t; mstruction; a maxi».—In /aw | m in wntiniy ' moral conduc., uuuc command given in writing. ■Pertaining to a me: Preceptort. pre-sep-tur-ey a.. Giving precepfe — 8. A manor or estate of the knights teninlar ■ a sub ordinate religious house ^ Preceptress, pre-sef-trea, s. A female teacher Pbecession, pre-aeah' un, s. In natron., the preceaaion 8 slow but continual shifting of the equinoctial points from east to west presA'-«8-ne«, s. Valuableness. ^ -P <.escen?oWj.-Ty recipient, pre-»>p'-e-en<.a. Commanding, directing. PaEcipiTABiLiTT,pre-sip-e-fci-hi!'-«-t., s. state of being precipitable. Precipitxble, pre-aip'-e- td-bl, a. That may he procini- tated or cast to the bottom. J P P Precipitance, OT'c-siy-e-Zanse, i g. Rash haste; great Precipitancy, pi'e-eip'-e-/aH.se I haste in going hurry ; temerity. “ ’ Precipitant, pre-aipZ-a-tant, a. FalUng or rushing headlong; hastv ad. Precipitantly. — 8. In chem., a liquor, which, when poured on a solu¬ tion, separates what is dissolved, and makes is precipitate. Precipitate, pre-sip'-e-tate, v.a. To throw headlong — v.n. To fall headlong; to fall to the bottom of a vessel, as a sediment. — a. FalUng, flowing, or rushing with steep descent, over hasty;—ad, PrecipiYoWy. ’ -A-corrosive mercui'ial medicine.—lied precmitati, the red oxide of mercuiy. * Precipita-tion , pre-aip-e-ta'-shun, s. The act of throw- ing headlong; huriy; blind haste. Precipitator, pre-aip’-e-ta-tur, s. One -who urges on with vehemence or rashness. Precipitous, r^e-sip’-e-tua, a. Very steep ; headlong , nastyad. Precipitously ;—s. Precipiiousness. ±*aECisE, a. Exact; punctilious; finical; cor¬ rect;—ad. Precisely8. Preciseness. Precisian, pre-zish'-an, s. A strict ohsert'er of rules. Precisianism, pre-sizh'^an-iztn, s. Excessive exactness superstitious ngour. Precision, pre-sizh'-u7i, 8. Exactness; accuracy. Precisive, pre-si'-siv, Exactly limiting. Preclude, pre-klewd, v.a. To hinder &oin access or possession ; to shut out. 8. The act of shutting out • the stale of being prevented from entering. Preclusive pj-e-Wif-m, a. Shutting out, or tending to preclude ad. Preclusively. ° Precocious, pre-ko'-shus, a. Ripe before the natural time; premature ;—ad. Pi'ecocioualy. Pkecociousness, ore-Ao'-sAus-nei, \ a. Rapid growtli and ] too carlv ripciiess. Precogitate, t pi-e-koj -e-tate, v.a. To consider or con¬ trive beforehand. pREcoG ITATION, pre-koj-e-to^-shun, s. Previous thought Precognition, prc-Aog-nt^A'-un, s. Previous knowledge ^ s, A collection m^e beforehand. ^hand Precompose, pre-kum-poze', v.a. To compose before- ^forS'*^^’ 8. A notion previously Preconceive, pre-km-seeze', v.a. To form a'cmception Preconceived, pre-Zion-seeu’d', a. Conceived beforehand. “oSsTSed.'’*'' P>'"- Preconcert, pre-kon'-aert, s. A previous agreement 1 reconcert, pre-kon-sert', v.a. To concert beforehand. PaEcoNmuTED, pre-kon-sert'-ed, a. Settled beforehand ■ —ad. Preconcertedly. Fbeforehand Preconcertion, pre-kon-aer'-ahun, s. The concerting Precondemnation, prc-kon-dem-na'-shnn, s. Condem- nation previous to actual transgression v.a. To consign beforehand. PREcoNsoLiDATEDipre-Aoji-so/'-e-da-Ied, a. Consolidated beforehand. rv,ef„rohnn,i Preconstitute, pre-kons'-te-tute, v.a. To constitute ^toTn'oSe”’ 8. A contract previous Precontract, pre-kon-trakt’, v.a. or v.n. To stipulate beforehand ; to make a previous contract. ^ Precordia. See Pr^scordia. Precursor, pre-ku)-'~sur, s. A forerunner; a harbinger Precubsort, pr<'-AM»‘'-SMr-e, a. Preceding as the har- z *• introduction. [binger. Predacean, pre-da'-she-an, s. A carnivorous anim^. Predaceous, pre-da -she-usy a. Living bv orev plMder'”'"'''''"’ to prey; practising Predatort, pred’-a-to-re, a. Plnndering; pillagiiig ravenous ;—ad. Prer/a/on/y. PAua^iii},, Predecease, pre'-de-seea, v.n. To die before. Predecessor, prad-e-aea'-aur, s. One going before or preceding another in the same office ; an ancestor Predeclared, pre-de-ktare’d', a. Declared beforehand ^deliSiom°”’ Previous ^pmdemKl'''''”"'''beforehand, tv PEEDESTINAEIAN PEELIMINAET [ 683 ] One Tpho be- iieves in predestination. — a. rertaining to predestination. • * - Prede^i’i.wte. pru-de!^-te-nate, v.a. To appoint Or ordain beforehand , to predetermine ; to foreordain. Predestinate, pi-e-des'-te-nnie^ I a. Predeteriuined , Predestinated,) foreordained. Predestination, pre-des-te-na'-shun, s. decreeing or foreordaining events.—In theol., tore- ordination to eternal life or death. Predestinator, pre-des'-te-7iem’/i-te>rf le, ad. Too soon; tOO early , before tin- proper time. Piir.M A rcK i:ni;ss. I 8. Ripeness be- Pkema rrRi I T,) fore the natural oi proper time ; roo arent haste. FBEMKiifTArK, pve-infid'-e-fotey V.a. OY \. 11 . To revolve in the mind beforehand ; to deliberate. J’remf-ditated, pre-med'-e-tn-ted, pp. ora. Previously consulcivd ; deliberate; wilful;—ad. Premeditatedly. Pkemkditation, pre-med-e-ta'-shuuy s. Previous de¬ liberation or contrivance. Premier, /ircj/i'-yrr, a. First; principal. — s. The first minister of state. Premiership, prem'-yer-shipy s. The office of first mini-tor of state. ^millennium. pRKMiLi.EXNiAL^ pre-mtl-le7i'-ne-ol, a. Previous to the Premise, />rc-/nt 2 e', v.a. To speak or write previously, or ;i.s introductory to the main subject. — v.n To state antecedent propositions. Premise, pnm'-ise, s. An antecedent proposition. Sn' PilK.MlSES. Premises, j>rem'-e-siz, 8.pi. Houses, building's, &c.—In loyic, the fir.si two propositions of a sylloj'Um. PiiKMii'M, p' e'- iiie-nni, s. (Lai.) A reward or recoin- nense; a huutity ; something offered or given for the loan of money; increase in value of joint stock shares; the recompense to underwriters for insu¬ rance. Premu.msh, pre-moti'-ish, v.a. To forewarn. Prkmon iSH.MENT, pre-uiou'-i.sh-vient, \ s. Previous Premonition, j warning, no¬ tice, or information. [warning. Premonitory, pr^-ynon’-e~ttir~e, a. Giving previous PREMoNSTRATE,t v.a. To show before- [beforehand. 1 REMONSTR.ATioN,-t pre-inou-stra'-shuu, s- A showing Prkmotion , pre-wo'-s/iftn, s. Previous motion. pREMI NIRE. S»-e pR.EML'NIRE. [objCCtlOnS. pREMCNiTioN. pre-mn-nish'-uUy a. An anticipation of Irenomen, pre-no'-vieiij s. A name prefixed to the family name. Prenominate, pre nonV-e-naie. v.a. To forename. Prenomination, pre-nom-e-na’-shuny s. Privilege of being named first. [foreknowledge. Prenotion ,/)re-Ro'.s/i«n, 8. Previous notion or thought; 1 RENSATiON.t pren-sa'-shuny 8. Act of seizing with violence. Prentice^ pren'-tis, 8. A colloquial contraction of • apprmticpy whence Prenticeship, pRENi NciATioN.it pre-mtn-she-a'-i telling before. PiiEoBTMN,/>re-o6.toe', v.a. To obtain beforehand. I’REocci-PANCY,/>re-o/c'-A:«-prt?>-s«, s. Possession before others [tion. I REocce RATION, pre-ok-ku-pa*-shxtny s. Prior occupa- J REoccerv, pre-ok'-ku-pi, v.a. To occupy by anti^i- palion. ^ Preuminate, v.a. To prognosticate. Pheopinion, pre-o-pin'-yun, 8. Opinion previously foniuRl. pRBuPTioN, pre-op'-shun, s. Right Of first Choice. Preordain. v.a. To predetermine. pREoRi>iNANCE, pre-awr'-de-nnnse, s. Antecedent decree. Preordinate, pre-awr'-dt-nate, a. Foreordained. Preordination, pre-awr-de-na'-shun, 8. Act of fore- ordaining- pREPAiD, pre-padfl', pp. of the verb to prepay. Prepahabi.e, pre-p/ire'-d hl, a Tluv mav be prepared. lREP\RvnoN, prep-d rn’-.xhuH, s. o*f preparing or fitting for a particular purpose.—In pharm., anv medicine fitted for use.—In ayiat., a name given to the parts of animal bodies prepared for anatomical uses. Preparative, pre-par'-d-tiv, a. Tending to prepare or make ready ;~ad. Preparatively - 8. That which has the power of preparing. '-shun. The act of Preparatory, a. introductory ; pre¬ liminary. [suitable; to appoint: to establish. Prepare, pre-par^, v.a. To make ready ; to procure ae — v.n. To make all things ready. [manner. Preparedly, pre pa'-red-le, ad* In a fit or" suitable Preparedness, pre-pn'-red-nes, s. State of being in readiness [vules. Preparer, pre-pa’-rer, s. One who prepares or pro- Prkpat, pre-pa', v . a . ; pp. Prepaid. To pay in advance. Prepayment, pre-pa'-ment, s. P.iymcnt in advance. PpEpENSE, i?re-pens', a. Preconc- ived , premeditated. —t v.a. nr v.n. To consider hefondiand. Prepoi.lent, a. Having superior power; prevailing ;—s. Vrepollennj. Prepo.> DKRANCE, pit-iioii’-dcr-ans, s. Superiority of weight or of power Preponderant, pre.-pon'-der-nntya Outweighing Preponderate, prt-pon’-der-ate, v.a or v.n. To out¬ weigh ; to overj)ower by stronger infiuence; to incline to one side. Preponderation , lyre-pon-der-a'-shnn, s. The act of outweighing anything, or of inclining to one side. Preposition, prep-o-zisk'-nn, s. In gram., a word usually put before another to express some relation or quality. [a preposition. Prepositional, prep-o-zish!-un-al, a. Pertaining to Prepositive, pre-j»oz’-e-tiv, a. Put before. — s. A word or particle put before another. PuEPOsiToR, pre-poz'-e-tur, s. A scholar appointed to inspect other scholai*s. Prkpositure, pre-poz'-c-turtyi. A provostship Prepossess, pre-pos-sef^, v.a. To preoccupy; to take previous possession of. Prepossessing, iire-pos-ses'-sing. a. Tending to invite favour, having powder to secure esteem or love ;~ ad. Prepossessingly Prepossessio.n, pre-pos-sesh'-nn, s. Previous occupa¬ tion ; prior posses>ion . preconceived opinion. Preposteroes, pre-pos'-ter-us, a. Ctmtrarv to nature or reason , characterized by folly , in-ationiil or absurd, —ad Preposterously ; —s. ^'reposierousuess ^ tenc%. Prepotent, + pre-po'-tent. a. \'(m y powe.rful.—s. Prepo- pREiM’CE, /oe'-/mse, s. The foreskin. VB.ErvT]KL,/ire-pew'-she-nt.a. Periaining to the prepuce. Preremote, pre-re-mote', a. More remote in time or order. pREREQuiRE, pre-re-kwiie', v.a. To require previously Prereuuisi.te, pre-rek'-we-zitya. Previously required. — s. Something previously necessarj'. pRERESoi.vE, pre-re-sulve', v.a. To resolve previously. Prerogative, pre-rog'-d-tiv, s. An exclusive privilege or r\)r\\i.~prerogiilive-vourty a court for the trial of testamentary causes.— Prerogutive-office is the office in whicli wills are registered. Presage, pre'-snje, s. Something which foreshows a future event; prognostic. Presage, pre-saje', v.a. To foretell; to predict. — v.n. To form or utter a prediction. Presageful, pre-saje'-fnl, a. Full of presages. [tion. pR ESAGEMENT, pre-Aaje'-?>ieni, s. A foreboding ; pre^c- Presagsr, pre-sa' jer,%. A foreteller. pRi sBYOPiA, pres-he-o'-pe-d, s. Far-sightedness ; when near objects are .-leen indistinctly. Presbyter, pres'-be-ter, s. An elder; a person who has tlie pastorial charge of a particular chui’ch and congre¬ gation. Frksbyterial. pre»-6e-/e'-re-a/, la. Pertnining to or Presbyterian, / consisting of Pres¬ byters. Presbyterian, pres-be-te^-re-an, s. One who belongs to a church governed by pre-vbyiers. Pre8b VTERiA.NisM, pvts-lie-te'-re-an-izniy a. The Pres¬ byterian religion ; that form of church government whi» h admits no orelates over them. Presbytery, pies’-he-te.r-e, s. A body of elders con¬ sisting of the assembled pastors of Presbyterian churches. Prescience, pr^-she-ens, s. Foreknowledge, Prescient, pre’-she.-ent, a. Foreknowing. Prescind, pre-sind’, v.a. To cut off:—a. Presciocs, pre' she-xiSy a. Foreknowing. Prescribe. v.a. To direct, to appoint, Of command, to give as a rule of conduct; to direct medu-ally. ^^ions. — v.n. To claim by prescript; to give medical dirtN:- PRESCBiBER,prc-«Art'-6er, 8. One who prescribes. Prescript, a. Directed; prescribed. — I. A direction ; \ a medical presenption. Presetndent. PEESOKIPTIBLE [ 685 ] PEETEELAPSED Prmcriptible, pre^&krif^'te-blj a. lliat may be pre- pREscBipTioN, pre-shrir^-shniiy 8. The act or directing by rules.—In law^ the claim of title to an incofpo’oal hereditament. . ^ pj tscRimvE, pre-skrif/ fiv, a. Acquired by imme- m nial use and enjoyment. Presence, prez'-nis,^. TJie existence of a pereon or thing in a certain plnce ; state ot being m view ; sight, n 'en . personal appearance; demeanour.-—/ rrsfnce of mind a (olni, Collected state of nimd.-iVcseiicc- chaoih.-r, ti.e room in whicli a great peisonage I’^tjmves PttF,sKNscTioN,-+ pre-Hen'&o'-Hhitn, s. Previous notion or PaESENSiON,-t jire-sfin'-shtin, s. Previous perception. '^RE.'^ENT, pres'-etil, a. Heiiig in a certain fjilace, OP* p<'8ed to absent ; i)eing before the face, or near; ready at hand , not abstracted.— trnsey in gram., the form of a verb which expresses action or being in the Dvesent time. . ,, - 8. A donation or gift; the present time.—Pn>«fi^s, in iaw, are applied to deeds of conveyance, or other instruments ; a deed of conveyance or lease. Presen r, pr«-s<*nr, v a. To exhibit; to give ; to offer , to place in tlie presence of a superior ; to point a hre- arm ai another, to nominate to an eccleMastical benefice.—In miHtnrxj language, to present arms, is to hold them out in token of respect. PRESENTiiiLE, pre-sent'-fi-hl, a. That may be piesented. Presenta-neocs, a. lieady . quick. Presentation , prez-en-ta'-shun, 8 . The act of present¬ ing; representation ; the right of presenting aclerp- mfLW—Presentation cony, a copy of a work presented as a testimony of respect. nn t i 5.1'rw ViiJ .V nf Present.ative, pre-sen'-la-tiv. a. That has the ngi't of Presentee, prez'-en-t«6, s. One presented to a benefice. Presenter, s. (me who presents. Presenti\i.,+ pre-sen'-shnl, a. Suppo-ing actual pre¬ sence;— 8. Presen/inlitij Presentniily. Presentient,+ pre-sen'-she-enl, a. Having pievious perception. ^ Presentiment, pre-sen'-te-ment, s. Previous concep¬ tion or apprehension of something future. Presrnti.y, prez'-ent-le, ad. In a short time; soon after; immediately Presentment, pre.~zent‘-ment, s. The act of piesenting ; representation - In /a/e, the notice tiiken by a grand iurv of any particular offence ; an indictincnt. Preservabi.e, pre-serv'-a bl, a. That hmy be preseiTed. Preservation, prez-er-va’-shuHj s. The act of pre¬ serving or keeping safe. , , Presf.r\^ative, pre-ser'-va-tiv , \ a. and s. That which Preskuvatory, pre-A'crr'-a-^Mr-c, j tends to preserve, or has the poAver of preserving from injury or dc’cay. Preserve, pre-zerv', v.a. To keep from destruction ; to season with sugar or other substances for preservation. , ,, ^ j — 8. Fruit or vegetable seasoned and kept in sugar; a place for the preservation of game. Preserver, pre-zerv'-er, 8. The person or thing that Tiro'.Grves ; the pm'son who makes preserves of fruits. Preside, v.u. To be set over for the exercise of authuritv ; to direct, control, and govern. VRE^iT>EriC\ prez’-e den se, s. Superintendence; the oflii'O or jurisdictiou of prc^idcn{; tlie term during which a pre.'idciH holds office. . ^ ^ . President, prez'-e dent, s. An officer appointed to pre¬ side over a corporation or assembly .-y-1 t(v-//rcs/rie««, one who takes the place of a president in case of Presidential, prez-e-den' -shalf a. Pertaining to a nresident; presiding over. _ _ , Presidentship, prez'-e-dent-ship, s. The office and place of president; the term for w'hich he holds ■'ffice P 4 ,£sI^)iA.L,/>rc-s^d'-e-ff^ ) a. Pertaining to a garri- PRESIDIARY, i s«n ; having « PRESUiNiEicATioN. pre-stg-ne-fe-ka -shun, s. Ihe act oi signifying or showing beforeliand. ^ [betorehanm PuESKiNiFY, per-s\g'-ne-Jl, v.R. To intimate or signitY Press pres, v.a and v.n. To urge with force or weiglit; to squeeze ; to crush ; to hug; to strsuien ; to constrain ; to make smooth, as paper or cloth; to urge forward with force. _ , , 8 An instrument or machine by which any body is sQueezed, or forced into a more compact form; a machine for printing; a prmtiiig-press; the art or husineas of printing and publishing; a crott d . the act of nrcrlng or pushing forward.—Pres* cf tntlf IQ fma. is^ much Sail as^the state of the wind wiU possibly permit.— of the press, is llie free light Sf publishina books, pamphlets,or papers.-Press-fced, a bed tliat may be raised and inclosed in a caso.- Press-aang, a delachment of seamen ciiiponered to imprests men into the naval sei viee.-Press-mm-i:, in printing, tlie taking of impressions from types, iS.c., bv means of thf* press. Preiser, s. One who presse^. [_! iess%ngly. PaLs's-i; pres'-sing, a. Urgent ; importtinate ;-.a^ — s. The operation of applying loree for eumpressiiig Paessi'oN.t prrsh'-vn, Tlie net of pressing , Ptossnre. Phensirosters, pres-Sf-ros^ ters,s.\}\. A tribe ol wading birds, wiih a compressed or fiattened beak. . . PuBssiRosTH.Ai., pres-se-ros’-triil, a. In or/uZ/i., haviiij, a compressed or fiattened beak. _ Pressman, pres'-inon, s. In printing, the workman who manages tl?e press, and impresses the sheets. Pressc rE,/D' ffs/i'-M/*, s. The act o pressing, squeezing, or crushing ; urgency , impression Prest, smuftimes used for /tressed. See Press. Prest-money, prest’-innn-ne. s. Money paid to men wlien they enlist into the Hrilish service. Prestation, pres-ta' -shun, s. A payment of money, sometimes used for purveyance.—iV a sum of money paW yearly by arcluleacons and other dignitaries to their bishop. . Prestige, D/’CAi'-iy, s. Illusion; fascination. ^ PREsriGiAi’ioN, pres-tij-e-a'-shnn, s. The playing oi legerdemain tricks. . , , „ Prestioia'I'oh,-^-( 1s. Ajugglcr; a. Jrres- f.igiatory, or Prestigious. pRtisriMoNv, /ires'-te-itio-ne, s. In canon law, a tunci for tlie support of a priest. . Presio, pres'-to, ad. Quickly.—In music, a quick, livi ly imivement. Pr bSTRicTioN, pre'-strik'-shun, %■ Dimness. Prescmaiile, /tre-zu'-nin-bl, a. That may be presumed, or supposed to be true ;—ad Presumably. Presi .'ie, /tre.-zume', V .i\. and v.u. To suppose to be true or entitleil to belief; to act pvcsumingly. Prescmer, /ire-zu'-tner, s. One wlio pri’sumes. PhkscMING, /tre-zn'-viiug , a. Too confident, ailOgaiit, presumptuousad Vresvmingly- . . r Prescmi’tion, /ire-zump'-shun, s- Supposition of the truth or real existence of something, williout positive proof; presumpluousness, arromince pREsrMPTivE,/HT'-znmp' /iy,a. Taken by previous sup- pt)sition ; unreasonably confident; presumptuous , aiTO^'aiit — I'resuni/ttive evidence, in law, is that which is derived from circumsiances -Presum/jtive heir, one who would inherit an estate if the ancestor should die without issue;—ad. Presw/z/p/teWt/. Presumptuous, pre-sump'-tu-us, a. Hold and confident to excess; over-confident; fooUuirdy ; arrogant; in¬ solent ;—ad Presumptuously -s Presumptuousness. Presupposal, pre-su/>-po'-znl,&. Presupposition. Presuppose,/) re-st#p-//03a', v.a. To suppose as previous. Presupposition, pre-sup-po-zish'-un, s. Supposition previously formed. , Lformed. Pp.EsuRMtsE, pre-sur-tnize', 8. A sunms^j previously Pretence, pre-tens' , s. Assumption; cI&ajh to notice, appearance ; pretext; excuse. Pretend, pre-tend' , v.a. To hol.-ter~mit’, v.a. To pass by to omit Preternatural, pre-ter-n t' — ad. Tolerably; moderately. Prettpify, pre-tip'-e-fiy v.a. To prefigure. Prevail, pre-vale'y v.n. To overcome: to gain the advantage; to succeed. Prevailing, pre-faZe'-m^, a. Superior in power; having mcacy or success: predominant; prevalentad. Prevaxhngly \ Prevailment. Prevalence, ;;rei/-d:-/eMs, Is. Superior strength or Prevalence prev'-it-len-sey f efficacy ; predoniihance; success; efficacy. ’ Prevalent, p7'ev'-n-teHt, a. Gaining advantage or superiority ; efficacious , successful ; predominant • most general;—ad. Prevalently. [quibble! Prevaricate, pre-var'-e-katey v.n. To shuffle- - v a. To pei-veri; to corrupt. ’ Prevarication, pre-vnr-e-ka'-shxm, s. A shuffling or qmhbling; a deviation from the plain truth. Prevaricator^ s. One who prevari¬ cates; a shuffler; aquibbler. PREVENEJ,v.a. To hinder. ftive Prevenient, pre-vene'-e-eni, a. Going before ; preven- Prevent, pr<«-t>enZ', v.a. To hinder, impede, or ob¬ struct ; ± to go before ; to precede. ~$v.n. To come before the time. 1 REVENTADLE,prc-ye/ii' -d.-W, a. That may be prevented. Preventative. See PuEVENTive. Pkeventee, pre-Dc«<'-cr, s. One who or that which hmaers.—In marine phraseclosy, a term applied to v-annus ropes, bolts, stays, &c. ; as. Preventive bolts, bolts m-iven m the lower end of the preventive plates! to assist the strain of the chain-bolts. Prkventinoly, pre-vent'-ing-te, ad. Tending to prevent Prevention, pre-ven'-shun, s. The act of hindering; obstruction ; Jthe act of going before. fvent Preventional, pre-ven'-shun-al, a. Tending to pre- Preventive, pre-ve7i'-tiv, a. Tending to hinder - • ad. Pre7)enttvely. ’ — s. That which prevents; an antidote previously taken.-Preveniace Serftc:«, the duty performed bv the glSg*^ marines m guarding the coast against smug- ^o^S„^efore in time; ante¬ cedent, ad. Previously; —». Previousness. 1 REVISION, pre-vizh'-^m, s. Foresight; prescience. PREWiRN. pre-wnrn' v.a. To give previous notice of. liiEY, pi a, s. Spoil; plunder; goods taken by force Iroin an enemy. Beast of prey, a carnivorous animal. — v.n. To plunder; to pillage ; to wa.ste gradually. PaEYER, pra'-er, s. A plunderer ; a waster sod of fruitfulness. Price, s. The sum or amount of money at which a tiling is valued; the cost of an article; value • yyorth.-^Prtce-curre7U, a paper or table of the current price of merchandise, stocks, &c. — v.a To set a piice on. Priceless, prise'-les, a. Too valuable to admit of a price, invaluable, inestimable; worthless. Price., v.a. To pierce with a sharp-pointed in- stmment; to spur ; to incite ; to sting with remorse. lo chart is to trace a ship’s course on a chart. — v.n. lo become acid; to aim at a point. instrument; a goad; a spur: sharp, stinging pain ; remorse; a point; a punctui’e. Peicker, prtA'-cr, s. A shai-p-pointed insti'ument. Pricket, p7'tk -ety s. A buck in his second year. Pricking, prik'-ing, s. The act of piercing with a share point; a sensation of sharp pain. ^ Prickle, prik'l, s. In hot., a small sharp point; athorn. Prickle-back, priiT-iaA, s. A small flsh ^prickles^**’ state of having many Prickly, prik’-le, jl. Full of shai-p points.—Pifciiia pear, a name applied to various species of cactus. ^ eRicK.WADAM, S. A species of house-leek, eBiCKPUNCH, prik -punsh, s. A piece of tempered steel PRICKX.-aa.iv.i»i , yt vrv - iHUXti-Uillly pRICKPUNCH, prik'-pU7lshy 8 . with a round point. Phicksong, prik’-song, s. A song set to music ^S!elu"feon ;'conciif’ haughtiness. pride; to value one’s self; used with reciprocal pronouns, as to pride 07 ie's se.lf Pbideful, pride'-ful, a. Full of pride; scornfiU. Prideless, pride'-les, a. Destitute of pride Pridinoly pri'-ding-le, ad. With pride. Prier, prt -er, 8 . One w-ho searches and sci-utinizes Priest, preest, s. One who officiates at the altar ■ 3 presbyter; an ordained minister of the Gospel ’ Priestcraft, preesl'-kraft, s. KeUgious fraud ’ Priestess, prees'-tes, s. A female priest. Priesthood, preest'-hud, s. The office or character of a pnes L. Priest-like, preest'-like, a. Eesenibling a priest. ^ ofa p”iesr’ «• Appearance and manner Priestly, preest'-le, a. Sacerdotal; becoming a nriest Priestridden, preest-rid'dn, a. Governed by priests!**' Prig, pry, s. A pert conceited feUow; a thief — v.a. To ffich or steal. —I v.n. To haggle about price. Pi^GGisH a. Conceited; affected; —ad I Pnggishlg ,-s. Priggism. ' Prill, prit, s. A turbot. Pri.m, prim, a. Erect; formal; precise — v.n. To deck with great nicety. «>■ office of a primate. Prima DONNA, pre’-mu-don'-na, s. (Ital ) The ftrst female singer m an opera. ' ^ Primage, prd-maje, s. A duty to the ship’s master. FaiMALjt prt*-7nal, a. First. PRiMALiTY,t p>’i-ino;'-e-ic, s. State of being primal ^DM ’-T ‘■‘i of time ; origl- naJ, chief, principal.-Primary-coloitrs, the colom’S nto which a solar light may be decomposed-Svi! maty rocks, the earliest rocks of the earth’s crust -^Pri“sr -remains ;-ad. PrimarUy) the lar^^ ’ ^archSSp.’ S. The dignity of an Pertaining to a primata Prime, prime, a. First in order of time; rank or dia- awL’ ’ ffi00'O‘l'.g; lechcrous.-Primcn„m6er,ia arith., a number divisible only by unity.—Prime vmiister, the responsible head of a ministiT — s. Ihe dawn ; the morning; the beginning ■ the spring of life ; youth. Gegiuiiing , me — v.a. To put powder In *he pan of a fire-arm to lav W Uy"o? Cffist coIoS"“"p&| ' V.n. To seiwe for the charge ot a guu Primely, ad. Originally; most excellently PRTMKNEss.j- prxme'-7iesy s. Supreme excellence. ^ Primer, pinm -er. s. A work of elementary insti-uctioii Primeuo, pre-m/.ro, 8. (Span.) Agameaicard^ Primeval, p/t-»ne-vrt-Z, a. Original; primitive PRIMIGENIAL, pri-me-jV-Jie-rtZ, ( a. First formftH nr PR.M.GENGCs,_pH-my'-r-„„3. \ genSatedt^iginffi' '^me‘.:rors';a’c’of'aS’o^l^"‘°‘- ‘“Wu! i'rtme'.tnp, s. The powder in the pan of a painters the first colour laid ou canvas -Primmg-Wire, a pointed wire, used to neStraM the vent of a piece, for examining the powi^r of tho charge, or lor piercing the cartridge tofiloftfevanK’''*’'’ ^ <»P- PRIMITm PRIZE [ 687 ] me iiatiujia v>* —1 ,-•. year's profits of fthurch ^ grst produc- PS.M.r;^H’ PeSinI to\be be|lnnin, low and blue.—Primiftre rocks, see Pbimaky. ad. Primitively .—s. Frimittveness. _ « A word not derived from another. "^h^ra=’=’cSd;:i^ln^r ’tfe r1|Wre^ property wldch belongs to the eldest son. PBiMoaDi.vi., pri-mawr'-de-al, a. Fu-st ui Older , origi PiuMoaDiATE, pr,-muu;r -de-ate, a. Existing PKIMROSE, prim'-rose, 8. _ A flowering Pdimi-t irv >K nrim-u-la -se-e, s.pl. A natural oratr ui ^herbaceous plants, of which the Frimnla, or Fnm- Pani'cvi^Mo^iei!'p»'i'-nm»i-t«o'-i)e-te, s. (Eat.) cLuse oTSothin'^In onmcnt astron., the outermost of the revolving; spheres ot tlie universe. of Pi-ace, to Jesus Christ; and Frvice of darkness,to | Prince! IKE pritis'-like, &• Recoining n piince. ralNCEiioM, prms'-dum. s. The ju,Lsdiction or estate of PrinceTiness, prins'-le-nes, s. The dignity of a prince. Ir.NCEiib prin^-io. a, Resembling a prince ; royal; august; generous; rich. - A plant of the Pai™CE's“METlL^prins's mr('a!, s. A compound of a hing; the or re^ectaimty ; chief; essential ;-ad. irmcpally ; 7“ A Sf OT*he“ad; a leader; the president, governor, "or chief iRauthority; a chief party.-In com., a capital pl™ipTm??,‘"pr!'n-sVp«i'-r-f., s. Sovereign^; the teritory of a prince; or the country which gives PaiNCimr prSi-W-r-**. s-Pl- ^irst principles. , . pSinciPilNT, pHn-sip'-e-ant. a. Itefating to principles raiNcIlLm'^-m'-ss-pi, s. The cause, soui'Ce, or origin of anything; motive; opinion ; a general^ truth, tenet or doctrine ; a settled law or rule of actwn. _ v.a^ To impress with any tenet; to astebhsh hnnly PRiNK‘'p™inifc,' v.n. or v.a. To pranli ;.to dress for show PaiNT,’ print, V,.a. To mark by pressmg one thmg on -.rm‘'T 0 usf or pLcKe mt of typogi-aphy; to - A^'imirk "made by impression ; the impression of typettagene^; a stamp,,a slngl.e sheet printed for sale ■ a newspaper.— Prints, impressions of engravings. %u< O/Vrinf, no copies of a work left for sale. raiNTEP, pVinf'-rd, PP of to Print i-n. Impressed or PamlE^'^prin'-fer, t. One who prints books, pam- /(hlets, or papers ; one who stains or prints on calico art or practice of Ing letters, characters, or flaures on paper, cloth, or nthpr mateiial; the business of a printer; typo^tiph5^ ’printing is that which porfo^ from movable types.—Print,used m print ing, is made of lamp-black and boiled l™*«od-oih printing-machine, a general term for all printing nresses in wMch the work is performed by machine^ ^Printing-paper, paper used in prmting books, p^- phlets, &c.—Printing-press, & press for the printmg o PnmSst^ prinf'-ies, a. That leaves no impression. pri-on'-e’de, s.pl. A family of capricorn Pama" prT«r,r“Lat.) Coming before in the order of time ; previous ; antecedent. « The sunerior of a convent of monks. RriorXtI prP-ur-ate, 8. Government by a prior. PmoaEss ’^7-ur-es, s. A female superior of a nunne^. PmSaSv ^ri-or'-e-fe, s. The state of being antecedent, the first in nlace or rank ; precedence; pre-eniinence. PmoasH.p ;ir '-«r-sMp, s. The state or office of prior p“ pr/m-r,s. A convent of'vhich a prior is th^e plZGE?W-mje, s. (Er.) An ancient customs duty ImsM’ S s. iS-whose bases or ends are par.al- lei nlane figures, and whose sides are parallelograms. Pms-ulmC i^ maf'-i'i-.a. Resembling or formed by PBiED,’7^^’-«‘”!hf"s-'^ that approaches the form of a prism;—a. Prismoidal, Prismatoidal, or pfisiTprtz-n, s. A public building for the confine- ment’of crhninals and debtors, a Jail.—a idnd of rural sport.—P' iso/i-Aouse, a house in.^\hich j^isonms a^-c conhued. o„^ to confine; to e.nehaim PaTsoNEs, pri='-n«-, s. 0,.e ciiftned in a prison, a pK^Mi^v'^ri^-’-n^T^Confinement in a prison, PRIST.NS; ,pr.,s-ri' nr, s.pl. A Boh-famdy of^the^ Prisxi’n'e!' p'L'-rin a. Pertaining t,[ an';i,rl,er period ; i ;,^,»hrTffi.fffic,uacity. ' PhJvIcv pry-va-sL s. A Slate of retirement , secrecy. Pkivatk, pri'-vnte, a. Secret; alone; not open; par- licuiar; sequestered, personal. — s. A common soldier : t a secret Priva-teer, pri’-vd-teer, 8. A pnvate ship of hav ing a commission to seize the ships “f -vj. — vn. To cruise in a commissioned private ship Fafv"i?BEmKo?p™f-;-d-t«ri-inp,s. Tim Of seaman of a privateer. * Privatelt, pri'-vaie-le, ad. In a secret ma.nner. Pr vIteness, pri'-vate-nes, s. Secrecy.; P^vacy. PkivItion, pri-va'-shun, s. Deprivation or absence of whaf is necessary for comfort; hardship, . PaiviTiVE, priv-fi-tiv, a. Causing privation, not posl tive.—In gram., a negative prefix. — s That of which the essence is the absence of some- thinn--ad Privatively ;—s. Privativeness. PaivEf,’priri-e«, s. A shrub of the geuus hguttrum, used for making garden hedges. ^ Privilege, priv’-e^^, s. A particular benefit enjoyed bv a person, company, or society ; immunity; public riffht , prerogative; liberty .—of “ %VTit to deliver a pidvilegad person from custody w hep _'VT'To“uivesfwmi‘a peculiar right or immunity, to exempt from censure. ..,.., 0 . 11 .^ with a Privileged, priv'-e-lejd, pp. or a. Luvested With PRi^Jt^'^.^pritf-e-le, ad. Privately; secretly. PaivlxT, pWo'-r-fe, s. Private concurrencei joint PaiTvTpril^r, a“?r7vate ; secret ;.clandestlne.-PHvp- chamber, the private apartment in a royal resident, —Privy Council, a body ot counsellors appointed b> the crown to advise on matters of state emergeney. Privy sl«i. Hie sea! which the queen uses m grams, person ha'rinVan fmereiri any action at law; PRizl.“rTz78’''’That which is taken from an enemy In war: a vessel captured; a premium; th» leward PIIIZIN& [ CSS ] PEODUOING filled T>y any performance ; money drawn by a lot¬ tery ticket; a lever.—boxins?, nr fight¬ ing In pu ijc for a reward.— 7*rtsc-//»on/'y, the proceeds rri)i» a captured ve>8cl, or of spoils taken In war. — v.a. To force with a lever. (esteem — v.n. To estiinase thr value of; toTalue highly; to iRiziKo, prize’-tntj, s. I'lie application of a lever to move any weighty body. Pao, /;/•« a Latin preposition,signifying/or,/or«,fcf/ore, forward, or forth, anu often used as a prefix to English worUs^ or in combination with Latin words ; as pro ru/a, in proportion , pro re nntn, occasionally; vro Aono yn/Wn o, for the public good, &c. Pro 4. /ny-o, s. A long, narrow sail-canoe, used in the South Seas. Probabilism, prab'-h-bil~ism, s. The doctrine of proba¬ bilities. or argumentation on doubtful points. PROHAun.isr, prob'-a-hil-i&t, s. One w’ho maintains the doctrines of prohabilism. pROBAiJii.iTv, prob-a-bil'-e-te, s. Appearance of tnith • credibleness; likelihood; chance. {bnblv\ Probable, proh’-u-bl, a. Likely ; credible ;—ad.Pro- t'ROBANG, pro-bang, s. In surg., an instrument of Mnalcboneand sponge, for removing obstructions in the throat. Probate, pro'-hnte, s. The proof of wills.—Court of 2 robate, a court for the proof of wills. Probation , pro-b(y-shun, s. The act of proving : proof • trial; exaimnation; whence rrohativnir,onQ on his trial; and Prohat toner ship, or Probalionship. Probational, pre-ha'-slmn-nl, I o • ^ Phobatio.nary, pro-ha’-shun-h-re, \ Serving for trial. Probative, pro'-ba-tiv, a. Serving for trial or proof. PiioB.ATOR, pro-ba' tur, s. All examiner. Frobatoky, pro'-hh-hir-e, a. Serving for trial or proof 1 ROBE, probe, 6 A .surgeon’s instrument for examining a wouni.—/Vo0rf-sf<6'4or«, scissors used to ooen wounds ' examine a wound, ulcer, or somecavitvof the body, by tlie use of an instrument; to scrutinize • to examine thoroughly. ’ VaoRiyY,pro/y-e-tii, s. Integrity in principle, or strict upright ne^s'*^ actions to the la ivs of Justice; rectitude, FROttREM, prob’-tem, s. A question proposed: a prono- sition; any question involving doubt or uncertaintv raoni.EMc? UAL, prob-u-mat’-e-kal, a. Cliaracterize'd by doubt or uncertainty ; questionable; disputable ad. Problemativaliy. roroblein^i PKOB..EMATtsr,t prob-lem'-A-tist, s. A proposer of ^p?oWe''ms.'^*’'^ pro6-i«m -n-tize, v.a. I'o propose I’lroBosciDiANS, pro-bos-sid’-t am, s.pl. A family of Paebydermatous mammals, distinguished by a nro- boscis or snout. ■' Proboscis, pro 6oj'-sis,s. (^Lat.) The trunk of an ele- phant, or the snout of other analogous animals. I HocACiouRjta. Petulant; saucy. FRocAciTY,t pro-kas'-e-te, s. Petulance. 1 RocAiiDicM, pro-kaf-de-um, s. The pit of the stomach. ^ /)ro-Arti-orA'-^»A, a. Immediately ante- PaocAi ABXIS, pro-kat-ark’-sii, s. (Ger.) In path, the of a disease uito action by a proeatajctic Pbocedure, pro-se'-dure, s. Manner of proceedlna ■ process ; operation. v , Proceed, prn-nfetf, v.n. advance; to go on- to move or pass forward; to prosecute any dcsi-.n*- to make progress. b , .o Proi EEDEK, /.ro-srivl'-^r, s. One who goes forward PBotEEDiRo, 8, Process or movement PaocEssioK, pro-tesh'-un, s. The act of proceeding a train of persons in a formal march. " ’ ’ PR 0 CES.S 10 .N.L, pro sesh-UH-al, a. Pertaining to nr consisting in prot-esdon. [Catholic-Church s. A book relating to processions of the Homan Processios-aby, pro-scsh'-un-d.,e, a Consistin-r in procession. ® pRucuEiN.a. Next; nearest. Prociiromsm, pro'-kron-izin, s. An antedating. , Phocidlnce, pro- se dens, 8. A falling down 1 ROcii)uor6,/;ro-st(f-u.«4i, a. That falls from its nlaee PRociNcT.t i>ro-stnkt , s. Complete proparaiion for action. Liiounee ; to publish. Iroclaim, prn-ktavief, v.a. To promulgate , to an- ^ 'autho'rity^’ pro-Wa' mer, s. One who publishes by Publication by authority ; official notice ^ PaocLivE, pro-^/.ie', a. Proclivous. PBoci.ivrrv,pro-/c/ti)'.e.te, a. Inclination; propensity. ^ iiam'i™''*’ ®'“> a. Inclined; tending by ►Proconsol, pro-I-oii'-sui, 8. A Homan magistrate w-Iio discharged the duties of a consul. fconsul I Rocoasi LAR, pro A-un'-su-hij., a. Pertaining to a pro- . A.w.rwAAAAA.v.., -i/iy, ». rroccss or movemeni fTom one thing to another.— Proceeditiys in law arc Uie Steps taken In the prosecution of an action - ate Process. Proceeds, /iro-«ecdF, s.pl. Issue; rent; produce. Procelecsmatic, pros-e-lews-maf -ik, a. Ineitinff • animating. , Procellaria, pro-sel-la'-re-h, s.pl. The petrels. I ROCELLOL's,t pro-seV-lusyik, Stormy. progroM^’^^*^ **^ * ^*’* licishtof stature; gradual pRocERs, pro^-est, s. A proceeding or moving forward ; continual flux, as of time.— In law, the whole course Of proceedings in a civil or criminal suit; mesne ^oc««, being an issue upon some collateral or inter- Proconsula- 1 -e, pro-kon'-sul-ate, I s. Tlie"office oFa te™of hisofflee!'’*'’''''*"''*'"^’^ proconsul, or the pR^RA.STiNATE, pro-kras'-te-Ttate, Y.B.. or v.n To mit off, to postpone ; to delay. [off; delay PRociiAS-n.\A-noN, pro-kras-te-un’-shtm, s. A pultiiig Proohastixator, pro-kras-te-na'-tur, s. One who defers the pei-forniance of anything. umers pROCRBA.sT,a. Generating; producing. PiiocREA-tE, pro -kre.-ate. v a. To genei-Bte ; to produce I RocnEATioN,pro-A-rj.-B’ s/iwn,, s. Piodui-lion of young! * Having power to blgt t;— b. 1 rocr'ativcnrss,anil Provreatt^. ^Of'^i’nei'on^’ 8. In myth., a famous robber ^ ‘ Greece who tortured his victims on an iron bed ;—a. Prutrustran. Paoc-roR, prok'-tur, s. One employed to manage the a solicitor of the Eccle^ SListical Courts; a umveisity magistrate; whence Pructorage, Proctorship, and Promracy ; -± a Prw- tonal, magisterial. [j" PROciiMBE.v-r, pro-knm'-bent, a. Lying down ; prone — I ROCUBABLE, pro-keio'-rA-bt, a. Obtainable ^ Proccration, prok-u-ra'-shun, s. The act of pro¬ curing ; management of another’s affaii-s. ^ Prmurator, proi'-«-t-a-Hii-, s. Manager of'another’s ^d'?roJrX: Pi-oatraZZ^. P^ROCURE pro-kewr', v.a. To obtain ; to manage. PROcuREME^TTpro-AiBair'.mBni,,. The act of procuring*j PaocDRER, pro-*e«>-rer, s. One who procures or ob- Proco REss, pro-kew'-res, s. A bawd. [tains; a pimp. ^Iringing’ol^ causes to comi, Procyon, pro'-se-un. t. A star of the first magnitude Prod, prod, s. A goad; a prick. bun-uae. , G'^cn to extravagant expen- dltuie ; profuse; wasteful ad Prodigalty. ^ — s. A wasteful person ; a spendthrift. fusion ■'waitr'''''"'"'"'**’ Extravagance: pro- Prodioious. pro-did'-jus, a. t'ery great in size - enor- Prodigiously, Prouition pro-dish'-un, s. Treachery; treason ,PRoDn-oR4/),-„rf8. ) ..Y tr.-ro-dusf'-mmt, a. ProdGcthm ’ ^ Producent,+ pro-dll'-scut, 8. One who exhibits gene*rm'‘es,'"‘'“'“'-‘'"’ “■ P- or introduction. pROEMi.Ai., />ro-e'a. Introductory. Proemptosis, pro-emp-to'-sis, s. (Gr.) In c/iron., the lunar equation or addition of a day. PROFACE.J pn-fase', interj. An exclamation of welcome. Paor.ANATioN, pro-/ui])<)scd M’ROMBIDTE, stroni'-be-de, s.pl. A family of Mollu.sca, the Ga-steropods, or winged shells, of wliich the stromhus IS the type. istrombus. hTROMBiTE, strcmi'-bite, s. A petrified shell of the genus 7tiTE, stron'-shan-ite, s. O.arbonate of stron¬ tian, a minoral. S raoNTiTEB, stron-ti'-teSf g. A mineral, chiefly composed of strontia and carbonic acid. Btrontiitm, stro7i'-she-u7n, s. The base of strontia. ^ strap: a strip of leather used for razors; a piece of rope spUcefl into a circiui^ vrreath, and put round a block for hanging it. v.a. io sharpen by means of a strop. Strophe, slrof-fe, s. In Qreek poetry, the first member of a poem; a stenza; a song or dance. Strophiolate, 8trc/-/e-o-late, \ a. Furnished with Strophiolatbd, stro'-fe-o-lay-ted, j a garland. Strouds, strowds, s.pl. In naut. matters, the several twists at the end of a cable or rope. Strout, stroioi, v n. or v.a. To swell; to puff out. Strove, strove, pret. of the verb to strive. Strow. See Stkf.w. Struck, struk, pret. and pp. of the yei'b to strike, of which strucken is the old preterite. Structural, strukt'-yu-ral, a. Pertaining to structui'e. Structure, strukt'-yur, s. Practice or manner of building ; form, make ; construction ; a building of any kind; an edifice.—In min., the particular arrangement of .he molecules of a mineral; peculiar oiganizatioii of inimals or vegetables. Struggle, strug -gl, v.n. To use great efforts or exer¬ tions ; to be Pi agony ; to strive ; to contend. — 8. Forcible effort to obtain an object; contest; con¬ tention ; agony ; contortions of extreme distress. Strugglfr, strug'-gUr, s. One who struggles or con¬ tends. [efforts. Struggling, strug'-glmg, ppr. or a. Making great — s. Vehement or earnest effort. Struma, stru'-ma, s. Scrofula ; the king’s evil. Strumous, stroo'-7nus, a. Scrofulous; liaving struma. Strumpet, strun\'-pet, s. A prostitute. — a. Like a stinmpet; inconstant. — v.a. To debauch. Strung, strung, pret. of the verb to string. Stroonidk;, stfH-on'-e-de, s.pl. A family of cai’tilagi- iious fishes, the sturgeons. Strut, strut, v.n. To walk with a lofty, proud gait. — X v.a. To swell out; to make tumid. — S. A lofty, proud step or walk.—In arch., a piece of timber obliquely placed to support a rafter. Steuthionidte, stru-the-on'-e de, s.pl. A family of gigantic birds, of which the Struthio, or Ostrich, is the type. [tribe. Struthious, stroo'-the-us, a. Belonging to the ostricli Strutter, strutf-Ur, s. One Who struts. Strutting^ strui'-ting, s. Act of walking with a proud gait;—ad. St7'uttin(jly. Strychnace^, strik-na'-se-e, s.pl. An order of Eroge¬ nous plants. See Strychnia. Strychnia, Is. A poisonous vegetable Strychnine, strikf-fiine, ] alkaloid, the active prin ciple of strychuos Tieute, hut valuaole as a medicine. Strychnic, strik'-nik, a. Pertaining to strychnia. Stub,«uBAfTioN, 8ub-ak'~shun, s. The act of reducing to ^ any state. ■^uBAcn'E, sub-d-kute ', a. Acute in a moderate degree. 3DBAER1AL, sub-d~e'-rs-ttl, a. Beneath the sky, or in the open air. Subagitation, sub-aj-e-ta'-shun, s. Carnal knowledge. oUBAH, lu -b'd, s. In India, a province or viceroyship. oubahdar, sii-bd-diii'', s. In India, a viceroy, or governor of a province; also a native officer who ranks as captain. Subaltern, sub-awl'-tci'n, a. Inferior; subordinate. - s. A commissioned officer under the rank of captain. JsUBALTERNATE, sub-aiol-ter'-Hate, a. Successive ; suc- ceeding oy turns. [inferiority or subjection. bUBAi.TEKNATioN, suh-awl~ter~na'-shun, s. State of Subanoclar, sub-ang‘-gu4ar, a. Slightly angular. ouBABENNmE, 8ub-ai>'-pen-uine, a. Under or at the loot or the Apennine mountains.—In geoL, a term applied to* a senes of tertiary strata of the older pliocene period. 8nBDiTA.L, sub-devf-al, s. The act of subduing. rSTT'RT^TTr'W \ ^ rx>.. _j..,. a , —-- .WVJ. SuBAQUATic, mh-a-kwat’-ik, | _ , ■ ■--.we-tis, ] Being under water, m fill.,.. r.._A__ ^VBt'iVKOra, Suh-a'-kfCr-xis, ; « - - ^ sM6-rtr-»-a'-«/iwn, s. The ancient custom of bet-rothing. [vems; terrestrial. SUBASTRAL, a. Beneath the stars or hea- buBASTRjNGENT, sub-as-trinj'~ent, a. Astringent in a small degree. [something not expressed, oi bacdition, stih~aw-dish'-u)i, s. Act of understanding bUBAxiLLARY, svb-ak^-sil-d-re, a. Placed under the axil or angle formed by the branch of a plant v/ith the stem, or by a leaf with the branch. buB-BASE, snh'-hase, s. In mvstc, the deepest pedal stop, or the lowest notes of an or.gan. sub-be'-dl, ». An inferior or under-beadle. SUB-HRIOADIEII, sub-brtg-g()-d>>i>r\ s An officer in the ino-se guards, who ranks as cornet. bUBcARBi RETTED, a. Consisting of a greater number of equivalents of the base than of the carbon. [heavens. bi b-cllk,st lAi., sub-se-Us -te-al, a. Being bene.ith the bi'u-cENTiiAi., sub-sen’-tral, a. Being unaer the centre bi B-cTiANTER, suh-ckUn'-tev, An under-eluinter SUBCLAVIAN, sub-kla’-ve-an, a. Situated under the ^collar-hone. [mittee. bUB-. OM.MITTEE, s. An under Com- ^ a. Conical in a slight aegree. [previous contract bUH-i ONTRACT, sub-kon'-trokt, s. A contract under a bUB coMRARY,. sub-kon'-trd re, a. Couirarv in an ^ inferior degree. « heart. oiBioROATE, sub-kawr*~da(e, a. In shape somewhat OUBC08TAL, sub-kos'-tal, a. A term applied to the iu- ternal intercostal mu.scles. [crystallized -nun RYs-i .ALLiNE, suh-kris’-taUline, a. Iiiiperfectly bUBcuTANEous, a. Situated under the [cuticle or scarf-skin. M Bcr rrcuLAR. a. Being under the bTTBUKAcoN, siifc-dc'-Aion, s. An uuder-deacon, or deacon’s assLstant. SOBC ACO.NRT, 1 8. The order and °'iri’th(f Church i office of subdeacon SuBDEAN, stiJp dem'8. An under-dean. [subdean bUBDEANEny, suh-deen’-er-e, s. The office and rank oT ®*^eoEct.'PEE, sub-dek'-yu-pl, a. Containing one part Sebdea i'ed, sub-dpTit'-ed, a. Indented beneath. bCBDE^'isiT, g That which is deposited ^ beneath somethiog else bt'm'ii.AiEn. xnh df4a' ted, a Partiailv dilated SOBDIVERSIFY, suh-de-vd-'-w-fi, V.a. To diversify again ^ » hat IS ulreadv diversified. [into ni.ire earts bCBoii'ii., fide', V a To divide a part of a tiling - y^n To he suhdivided. [division, hi uni, isiBEE, ^nb de viz'-e-hl. a. dusceptibie of sub- hcBDuisiuN, mb dc-vizh'un, s. Tile act of subdividing or separiittng a part into smaller parts ; tlie part of a iRTgur pRrt. a. Rly ; crafty: cunning. Sdwjbaqli, suc-deu.'’ d-bl, a. luat may ie subdued. I*,, o. iiiB act oi ouoauins Shbdoce, isuh-deutse',) v.a. To withdraw; to take awav Subduct, sub -dukt, f to subtract. ^ “ ^'tb-duk'-shun, S. Act of taking away or withdrawing; arithmetical subtraction. ''■h- To conquer by force , to over¬ power; to subjugate j to reduce under dominion; to conquer by persuasion or other mild means; to ..'i w [to subjection; softened. Subdled, sut-dM** pp. or a. Conquered and reduced SLBDLEMENTjt sub-du'-nicnt, 8. Couqucst. Sr!!oef« ’ 7'’;. s- Oue who brings into subjection. ^ t?on softelrt'n“ ^‘^““ciiig to subjec- SUBDCPLE, sub'-du-pl, a. Containing one part of two. t"erquare™oo™.'''"“ “• Sl'iier, su'-ber, s. The specific name of the cork-tree. ° ® ^ formed by tlie suberic ai.id in combination with a base. [from it Pertaining to cork, or extracted SoBERiNE, su -ber-tn, s. The cellular tissue of cork constituting about seven-tenths of common SuBEitosE, sub’-er-oss, a. In hot., having the appearance SoBErtous, su -ber-us, a.. Corky ; soft and elastic. bi.Bvusc,std>-/jis*', a. Moderately dark. [nous Imperfectly gelati ° genra'^'^’'^’ Pertaining to a sub ^eoufnS’ »■ The subdivision of a genus, comprehending oue or more species. SUBGLOBILAB, sub-i/lob'-si-lar, a. Having a form approaching to globular. “ rniai en^ fttb-glu-ma’-shus, a. Somewhat glu-' -yu-lar, a. Somewhat granular. ^ aiicthm s. A public sale or SuBHymiosuEPHuRET, «uJ-/ii-dro-sMi'8. A com pound of sulphuretted hydrogen with a base. ° ^db-in de-ka'-shuu,, s. The act of in dicatiiig by signs. [indirectly SobIvveoo’* v.a. To insinuate, to offer ® if s. In law. Ilie Sl HI rANEoes. sub-e-ta -ue-vs, a. Sudden, hasty "'"''aa With quick ness or suddenness ; exprditlou ly. ^ a- Lying under or below, beneath “ ‘Lougli not directly ,a- Being under tlie power and hoISl't’o" another, liable from I'xiraiieous or in¬ herent cause.s , prone; disposed , obedient; tributary. — s. One who owes allegiance to a sovereign and 'is governed by his laws; that on which aiTy inenial 1? performed ; tlie person who is treated of; the hero of a piece ; theme, topic, or general mutter.— In grammar, the nominative case to a verb passive — P"“‘-''Pa‘ ("eiody or theme of a inove- e.xpress.-Iii a uead body punxises of disscction.-SntpVrt-mnrter, the matter or thought presented for consideration. Slbject, suh-jeki , v.a. To bring under tlie power or toTakehaffi’e.'” ■ ® Pf s>*bduing; state of anSler"^'* power, control, and government of Subjective, jnfc-jeA:'-ei« a Relating to the subject:— ad. buhjtctmly ,-—s. Subjectiveness, iind Suhjeclivitv buajoiN, sub-joyn.v.a. To add at the end , to affix or annex. “else ScBJoiNED, sub-joy,i\f, pp. ora Added after something SIBJI OATE, suh'.jv-gaie. va To subdue and tariiiS under the yoke of power, to conquer n- force * c^tXf anml^;:'"’'"’"'PP " the f The act of subduing and bringin}; under tlie power of another. * btnjJI'NCTIoN, tiuh-junk'-shnn. S, TTih act of Kllhininincy or state of bein- -ubjuined bubjoinmg, Subjunctive suh-junK'-Hv, a. ASubjoinud or added to fin" ' ,";''«cn.-Ii, gram., designa¬ ting d form of verbs winch foUow other verbs, or words expressing condition is often used Ia G ittx. « BUBLAPSAEIAN fiuaLA.P8AB.iAK, sub-lap-so'-re-anj s. An IntPalapsaxiau; one -who holds that Adam was free to sin or not before the fall. ScBLAPSARiAN, la. Pertaining to the buBLAPsABY, sub-lap'‘Sa-ref / Sublapsarians, or their doctrines. gcBLATJoN, sub-la'-shun, s. Act of taking or cwrying SuBi.PT, v.a. To underlet; to lease to another person. Scblevation, sub-le-va’-shu7i,&. The act of raising on ScBLn CTKNANT, sub-iii tun'-nut, or sub-lef-teu'-ant^ S. An officer of the artillery and fusiliers, subordinate to the lieutenant. [neath SuBLi«*ArioN, sub-le ija -8huny%. Act of binding under- ScBLiMAHi.E, -sub-lime'-a-bl, a. That may be sublimated; capable of being raised by heat into vapour s. Sub- litnabieuess. Sublimate, V.a. To bring a solid substance into the state of vapour by heat; to refine and exalt; to elevate. — 8. The product of a sublimation. Sublimate, sub'-h-mate^ i a. Brought into a state Sublimated, 8ub'-le-ma-ted,\ of vapour by heat, and again condensed. SuBLiM AT ION, sub-le-iiia'-shutif 8. Operation of bringing* a solid substance into the state of vapour by heat, and condensing it again ; exiUtatiun ; elevation. Sublime, sub-lime', a. High in place or excellence; exalted, majestic , elevated by nature ; higli in style or sentiment; elevated in manner ad. Sublimely 8. Sublimeuess. — s. A style that expresses 1 >fty conceptions. — v.a. To sublimate ; to raise on liigh , to exalt. — v.n. To be brouglit or ciianged into a state of vapour by heat, and then condensed by cold. 8c BLi.'iiFiCA I'loN , sub-liiu-e-fe-ku'-shun, 8. Act of making sublime. . , SuBLiMi l Y. sub-lim'-e-te, s. Elevation of place ; height in excrlleuce . loftiness of natui’e or character; uioraJ grandeur. —Ill i/iai. and comp., lofty conceptions; foitint'Ss of ^elltimenl or style. 6c Bi.i N i-A rlos, In-e-a'-slxiiu, s. Mark of a line or liiie> under a word in a sentence. [longue. Buhunoi’al, suit-liny' gtval , a. Situated under the 8i BLi NAK, -mb lu '- nar , | a. Beneath the moon . ter- SuBi-i NAR\, sub'-lu-nu-rty j rcstrhil, pertaining to this World — 8 .A.ny worldly thing. [plete dislocation. Bitin \Arios, sub /uks-a' shun, s. In sury., mi incom- SuHMAKiNL, sub tuj-rten', a. Being, acting, or grow- iog under water in the »ea SuBMAsroiD, sub-mas'-toyd, a. In anat., applied to a branch given olf by tlxe seventh pair of nerves. Jaw. Sc BM ax i llabi , sub-iii‘ik'-sil-u‘i-re, a. Situated under the SUBMEOIAL, i-n/z-mc' I a. Lying uudei or below Suu?iHT)iAN, I the middle of a body. 8c BMEDI -ant, siib-me'-de-ant, S. In music, the uiidtlle note lietween the octave and subdominaiit. SUBMLNTAL, sub-men'-tal, a. Beneath the chin.-In (vuii. applied to a branch of the external maxillaiy anery. [plunge ; to drown. SuBMKkf^, sub-merf, v.a. To put under water; to — v n To plunge under water. SuBMisaoBNCE, Sid mer'-Jense, 8. Act of submerging; .state of being submerged. Bubmekse, (a. Being or growling under Si BMr USED, sub-mtrst', j water. ^UBMEKSION, sub m<'‘)‘’-8iiun, s. Act of putting or plung¬ ing under water , act of drowning. ScBMiNi'i RA'j ioN, sub-min-is-tra'-shun, 8. Act of fur- -jiishingoi sup^/lying. 8cH>^^s.+ sub-mis,a.. Submissive; humble ad. bub- m.issty ,—s Submissness. Submission, suii-mish' im, s. Act of submitting or yielding to power or authority; suppliant behaviour; ^nfessiun of error , obedience , resignation. BuBMissivs, sub-mis'-siv, a. Yielding to the will or power of another; acknowledging one’s inferiority, humble, obedientad. Submtssively Submes- SuBMiT, suh-mit', v.a. To yield, resign, or surrender to the power, will, or authority of another; to reier; to leave to the judgment of another. — v.n. To yield one’s person to the power of aiiother . to give up resistiince , to surrender; to yield one's opinion , to be subject; to be submissive. SuBMiTTBit, sub-mit'-ter, s. One who submits. SuBMONinoHj^: w^-wo-nwV-un, s. Suggestion Submultiple, sub-wml'-ic-p/, 8. A number or quantity which is contained in another on exact number of times. , . Subnarcotic, #Mb-niir-Aof'-jA:, a. Moderately narcotic. SuBHASCViSTy sub-nas'-sent. A. Growing unuer. SuBNOUMAL, sub-nur'-mal, s. In yeom-, that pari of the axis of a curve line which is intercepted beiween the* ordiii*\te and the normal. [of leaver Sluncde, sub-uewu'y a. in ftof., almost naked or bare SuBocciPiTAL, sub-ok-$ip'-e-tal, a. Being under the occiput. Su 80 i TA V E, la. Containing one part ol _ , Suuoctcj'LE, suh ok'-tu-pl, j eight- Act of binding under- i Scbocclak, sub-ok'-yu-lar^ a. Being under the eye. SuBORBicuLAR, sub-awT-bik'-yu-la/'f a. Almost orbicu- late- [ordinate. Subordinacy, dub-rttcr'-de-nrii-se, 8. State of being sub- SuBORDiNATE, sub-aicr'-diu-ale, a. Interior in tJider, dignity,or importance; descending in a reguJar series; —ad. Subordinately. — s. One w’ho stanus in order or rank below another. — v.a. To place in an order or rank below soiucthiiig else; to make of less value ; to make bubject. Subordination, sub-txuir-de-na'-shun, s. State of being inferior to another ; inferiority of rank or dignity ; i\ series regularly descending; place of rank among inferiors; subjection. SuBuRN, v.a. To procure a person to lake a false oath. To procure privately or by collusion. Subornation, suo-awr-iin -slum, s. In law, the crime of procuring a person to take a false oath. Suborner, sub-awrn’-er, s. One who procures another to take a false oath. [form uf an egg. Subovate, sa6-o'-yaitf, a. Almost ovate; nearly in the SuBOxiDE, sub-ok'-side, s. A compound, consisting m two equivalents of the positive element and one c: oxygen. , SCBBENA, » ..,A ) 8. A writ commanding the SuBp'^ SucciNATED, suk'-se-nA-ted, a. Combined with the acid sfoc^l^'crTsuk-singkf,^. Tucked up; compressed into a nan’ow compass ; brief; concise , compendious , ad. Stiocinctly ;—s. Succinctness.^ Succinic, szik-sin'-ik, a. Pertainmg t 9 or amber— Succinic acid, an acid winch exists ready f^med in amber, and in the resins of cert^n conilerce. SccmiiTE mk'-se-nite, s. A mineral of an amber SucciNOcs, suk'-se-nus, a. Pertaining to amber. SUCCORT, iuk’-ko-re, s. A plant of the genus cichorium, commonly called c/itccor?/. js^innu-c- Succour, sxM-kur, T.a. To help when m difficulty, -T^iid ■“ ’as‘sis"th'af Relieves from diffl- “c^ltynVdistr^ek; the person or thing that^hrings iutoOURLE4“ht''S«^^^^^^^^ DestitSerf°helpJyeneh |o«uEur»i'-*«-'-«.s’ Of pretended demon, Sveevlif sTZ-la, s. In with staves in it, to move round, but without any nerinhery or drum. ^ . , RT'rruLENCE. Si Juiciness. lurcutMT suAi'-I-u-toif, a. Full of juice ; very cel¬ lule ani juicy, as the stems of certain plants Toyield;tosuhmt SuccussATiON, su^:-&tts-sa'-s/mn, s. A trot or tiotting, a Suc’cuIs.In, mk-kuM-un, s. The act of shaking; a Sumn'^stiicA a.^^Of the^like kind; the ^me that 1 tefer- Tins to-—Swe^ reference to a per¬ son or olace of a certain kiud. . , ficciiosAURus, s€w-ko-saw'-rus, s. A fossil saurian. Suck smA, v.a. To draw with the i ’ to draw or drain ; to draw in; to al^orb ; to mlialo. To stick in to draw into the mouth; to absorb. To f:cl out by suction.-To suo/c „p. to dr^’ ^into themo^utlL p^i,austing the air; to .d™"' _ 8. The act of drawing with the mouth ; milk diawn Frnm the breast by the mouth. . Rucker mit'-errs. He or that which draws with the mouth ■ the piston of a pump ; a pipe througli whuffi is drawn ; the shoo^t of a pWt; the name of a flsli of the carp family. rmnuth iulx^ET, f il?«etmeat which dtoolvls in the To give suck to; to nm-se at t^ SneauNQ, eui'-ling, s. A young child or animal nursed at the breast; a sort of white clover. Suction, suk'-ehun, s. The act of suddng or drawins into the mouth, or into a pipe.—Sueiton-/m?up, tbs coinmon pump, in which the water is raised by atmospheric pressure.—lower piju of a pump. [capable of adhering by suction Suctorial, suk-to'-re-m, a. Adapted lor sucking . SucTOKi.vN, suk-to'-re-an, s. A cartilaginous fash, witii a mouth adapted for suction. , , . ^ SupAK, sexe'-dak, s. A fish of the perch kind. . SuDARVji s. A napkin or liandkercliiefi SuDATioN, su-da'-shxtn, s. A sweating. [paiii SuuAToRT, 6. A hot-house, a sweating — a. Sweating. SuDPEN, sud'dn, a. Happening without previous notice coming unexpectedly ; busty ; violent; abrupt; un¬ prepared ;—ad. Suddenly i —s. Suddenitess. _+ unexpected occun*euce.— Oxi a sxiddBn, sooner Uian was expected. Sudorific, sxi-do-rif'-ik, a. Causing sweat. — s, A medicine that produces' sweat. Supoaous, seu)'~(io-rxis, a. Consisting of sw'eat. Supra, stw'-drd, s. The lowest of the four great castes among the Hindoos; comprehending tlie working classes. Suds, audz, s. sing. Water impregnatcd with soap.— To be. in the sxtds, to be in turmoil or difficulty. Sub, sew, v.a. To seek justice or right by legal process; to prosecute in a civilaction.—2o sue oni,to petition for and take out. ' _Y n. To prosecute ; to make legal claim ; to seek tor Suet, setu'-cf, s. The hard fat of an animal. — ’ ./ ' j. .. /af oiii't fiv Fr*«f*TnMlin£?' It, Suet, stfti?-tft, s. Tiie nara lai oi an miiuiai- SuETY, sew'~e-te, a. Consisting of suet, or resembling it Suffer, sxif'-fer, v.a. To feel or bear what is paininl or disti’cssing, either to the body or mind; to enduie , to allow ; to undergo , to be aftected by. ^ — v.n. To feel or undergo pam of body or mind; to sustain loss or damage. i *.^,1 SUFIEKABLK, 5u/'-/er-rt-if^a. That may be tolerated or permitted; allowable afi- Sufferahly ;—s. Suffer¬ ableness [endured; allowance; endurance. Sufferance, sw/'-/er-anse, s. The bearing of pain , pain Sufferer, sxif'-fer-er.s. One who endures or undevjiocs pain, either of body or mind; oue-who permits oi SiSIImung, suf'-fer-ing, ppr. or a. IJearing; undergoing pain or inconvenience ; permitting ao. Suffex uigiy- — s. The bearing of pain, inconvenience, or^ loss ; iniury incurred. . Suffice, svf-fize' or suf-fise', v.n. To be enough or suffi- — v.n. To satisfy ; to content. _ Sufficiency, s. The state of being adc- Quate to the end proposed; qualification for any purpose; competence; adequate substance or means; conceit; self-confidence. , ^ a Sufficient, suf-fish'-ent, a. Equal to tire end proposed, not deficient; qualified; competent; adequate;— ad. Sufficiently. ^ ^ , a SuFFiSANCB.i sufffi'-zanse, s. Sufficiency ; plenty. Suffix, si»/-^As', s. A letter or syllabic added to the end of a word. „ ,, ^ a — v.a. To add a letter or syllable to a word. ^ SuFFLAMiNATE, suf-flam'-e-iiate, v.a. lo retard the motion of a caiTiage hy preventing one or more ot its wheels from revolving. a ■ SuFFLATE, suf-fiate', v.a. To blow up ; to mflaje. SuFFLATioN, exif-fia'-sliun, s. The act of nifiatnig or SuFFocATE^^^^i/'-Zo-AffCc, V.a. To choke or IdU by stop- pinsj respiration ; to stifle ; lo destroy. — a. ' Buffi rated ; extinguished. Suffocating, sxif-fo-ka'-ting, ppr. or a. CEOkiiig stifling ad. Suffocatingly. „ . , . Suffocation, 8. The act of choking or {.tifiina ; a stopping of respiration ; strangling. SuefocaTtite, suf- fo-ka-tiv, a. Tending or able to choke or stifle [mining. StFFOssioN, suf-fosh-un, s. A difffflBg ujider ; an undei- Suffragan, snf-fru-gaxx, a. Ctr.) Assisting, as a suffragan bishop. — s. An assistant bishop. . suf-frd-gant, s. An assistant^ afavourer. SuTFRAGATE.t grfTtc, v.a. Tovotew'itn. Suffragator, suf’-frd-gay-iur, s. One who assists or favours by bis vote. ^ . , Suffrage, suf'-froje, 8. Aid; support; a vote given in deciding a controvertod question, or ni the choice oi a man office or trust. SuFFRAoiNors, sxif-fraj -xn-us, a. Pertuiningtothehnrs SDFFEUTESOENT [ 780 ] SUMMATION Bcffki'tescent, 8u/-/rti-tcs -soit, a. Moderately fm- trsient. [shrubby, or part shrubby. SrFFRi'TtcosB, 9iif-}rew’‘te~koze, a. In bot.y under- -ine-gaft:, v.a. To apply fumes or smoko to the parts of the body. Serr lm]»4tion, suJ' /u-ute-ga’-s/iun, 8. Fumigation: the oporaiion of smoking anything; a term appliea to medicines l eceived in the form of fumes. SuFFCMiGE, 8u/-/en/-mij, 8. A medical fume. SuFFL'SE, s'lf-fuze', v.a. To overspread, as with, a fluid or tincture. SuFFt sEp. suf-fuze'd’, pp. of the verb to suffuse. Suffusion, svf-Ju'-zhun, s. The act or operation of ovei*spreadii\g, as with a fluid or tincture. SuG,«i/£/,8. Auindofworm. Sugar, shoog'-ar, s. A well-known, sweet, crystalline, or concrete substance, produced from the sugar-cane, and also obtained from the beet, maple, and other substances. — In chem., Stigar of lead is tlie common name for acctjite of lead, a sweet but highly poison¬ ous substance. Sugar has a variety of compotmds ; as, Sugar-candx/y sugar clarified and crystallized.— Sugar-cane, the plant from whose juice sugar is obtained, the saccha- rum qfficinarnm.-Sugar-house, a building in which suear is refined.— Sugar-kettle, a kettle used in boiling down the sap or juice from which sugar is made.— Sugar-loaf, a conical mass of refined sugar.— Sugar- maple, or Sxignr-tree., a species of maple, tlie acer sac- charinum.,[r(>n\ whose sap sugar is made.— Sugar-mill, a machine for pressing out the juice of the sugar¬ cane.— Sugar-nnte,Sir\ active, wingk ss insect.— Sugar¬ plum, a species of sweetmeat, in small balls. — v.a. To impregnate or mix •with sugar; to sweeten. Sugared, shoog'-ard, pp. or a. Sw^eetened. Buoaruess. shoog'-ar-les, a. Free from sugar. SuGARv, shoog'-ar-e, a. Tinctured or sweetened with sugar; tasting like sugar; fond of sugar; containing sugar. Bf GESCENT, su-jes'-sent, a. Relating to sucking. Suggest suj-jest', v.a. To intimate or mention ; to offer to the mind or thoughts; to hint, allude, or refer to. vSuGGESTEH, mj-Jest'-er, s. Oue who suggests. Suggestion, suj-jnf-gun, s. A hint; a first intimation, proposal, or mention ; secret notification or incitement. SuGGESTivu, a. Containing a hint or iiitinia- 800011.4 suj'-jil, v.a. To defame. [tion. SvooiLKTiov,suj-jil-a'-shun,s. (Lat.) A livid, or black and blue mark ; a bruise. SoicjoAi, sew-e-si'-dal, a. Partaking of the crime of suicide ;—ad. Suicidnlly, Suicide, sew'-e-side, s. Self-murder; the act of destroy¬ ing one’s own life ; one guilty of self-murder. SuiciDisM, seio'-e-si-dizm, s. State of self-murdering. S 01 LLAOF .4 sew'-il-laje, s. Brain of filth. Suing, sew'-ing, s. (Fr.) The process of soaking through anything; sweating. Svn,sn(K,s. (Fr.) Consecution ; succession; a number of things used together, as a. Suit of clothes; a set of the same kind or stamp ; retinue ; attendance ; train ; a petition or prayer; courtship.—In law, an action or process for tlie recovery of a right or claim; pursuit; prosecution. [clothe ; to please ; to make content. — v.a. To fit; to adapt; to become; to dress; to — 'v.n. To be suitable; to have corresponding quali¬ ties ; to agree or correspond. Suitable. sute'-A-bl, a. Having correspondent qualities according with ; agreeable to; adequate ; proper; fitting; becoming ad. Suitably;— Suitabhness. RriTE, s. (Fr.) Retinue ; com any. SreSuix. ouiToR, sew'-tur, s. One who sues or prosecutes a demand of right in law, as a plair ff, petitioner, or appellant, a petitioiuT; an app..caiU; one who solicits a woman in marriage; a wooer; a lover. SuiTRFss, sew'-ires, s. A female supplicant. Sui.cATE, sul'-kate, ) a In nai. nisi , marked bv lon- Sfi.cATED. ml' ka-ted, | gituuiiial channels , furrowed. S->LK, sxJk. v.n To be silently sullen , to be moiose or discontented. [obsiina y. Sui-KiNFSs, sul’ ke-ves. n. Sullenness, moroseness; SoLKs. stdks. s.pl To he in the sulks is to be sulky, or discontented and snllim. Sui.KY, 5i cast up, or compute Sumac. \ shu'-mak. 1 s. A plant or shrub oi the genus SuMA( H, I or su’-iiniK .) rhxis , thf powdered leaves, pi'duncle>, and 5 ’«'ung branches of the btunac. used Id tanning and dveiiig Si- Mi.Ess, sxcru'-les, a Not to be computed. Summary, sum'-md-re, a. Reduced into a narrow com- pa^s, or into To'y words, brief; concise, compen¬ dious ;—ad Si mrunrdy — s. An abridged account, an abstract or compendium. Summation, suxu-ma'-shuts, s. The act Of foTBimg a total amount; an aggregate. SUMMER [. 781 ] SUPEEERO&ATION Summer, ium'-mfir, s- One who casta up an account, a summer up; the season of the year, in our nocihern hemispli'TO, co npreh 'nded wuliin the months or June, July, itiid Auj^ust, which forms the hottest ^r- ti'*n of tile year -In arch.,’A larire *itone, the first that is laid ove*' coluoms and pilasters, beginning to‘make across vault, a lar-e timber supp«)rted on two stroni; piers or posts, or a strong beam l1 for religious instruction on the Lord’s day,. , StjuDER, suu'-der. v.a. To pait; to separate., to divide. — 8 . In suadrr, in two. .-.naan goNDEnED, mn’-derd, pp. or a. Separated; dmded. BoKDOwy tsm'-dovm, 8 . Sunset. SuNPav, sun'-dr«, a. More than one or two ; several: jivers [the order plecloguatm. Si NFisH, sun' fish, 8. A large, soft-fliincd sea-fish, of ScNn, sum, pret. and pp of the verb to smp Si nk, sungk, pret and po. of tlie verb to sink. Sunken, simi’.-'-en, a Sunk, lying on the bottom of a river or other water. ^shaded.. Sunless, a. Destitute of the sun or its rays, Sunlit, a. Lighted by the sun. SuNN, s7m,s. A material similar to hemp, the produce of the cortul(iriiTY,« 7 t-per-/e-Awn'- outside, or surface; or to write a name or address on the cover of a letter. Superscription, 8u-per-skrip'-shxm, s. The act of superscribing ; that which is writWn or engraved on JetL”r;‘r^oi„"‘:’®'’“““ ^ impressi,;?.?f SupERsEcuLAR, sii-per-sek'-u-lar, a. Being above scculm' Supersede, $xi-per-s,de‘, v.a. To make void. inefflca- rmimr“imn«l®*®’ supetior power; to displace or rciiutr unnecessary ; to suspend. Supehmdeas, 8a-2ier-sc'-de-as, s. In law, a writ or command to suspend the power of an officer, or stay law Moceedings. SupEReBDDRE, SM-per-se'-diire, s. The act of superseding Suplrsensual, au-prr-sens'-yu-al, a. Above Uie senses «u-pc>'-ser'-j)is-d-W, a. Over-ofii- Clous , doLng more than is required anTthlng”'' ’ ‘“'P®''-**®'''-'"'- The act of sitting on Superstition, sxi-per-stish'-tm, s. Excess or extrava feZ.n'^r “’■®a '’®“®'f what is con^fo reason, or without evidence ; false worshio • belief in supernatural agencies; whcucni«^r"iffPn,sL STJPEESTITIOUS [ 783 ] SUPEAPOLIAOEOUS liuPBiisTiTioui, gu-per-stisf^-U9, a. Addicted w super- etltion : manifesting superstition, or belief In snper- naturaf agencies ; OTer-exactad. StipersMtoush/ a Suriprstitiousness. _ 8nrERSTRAiN,+ su-per-itrane', v.a. To OTerstram. SCPRRSTRATCM, stt-per-»tra -turn, g. A stratum 8npEiiOTRecT,+ tu-ppr-strukf j.a. To build "P®" Bcperstrt-ction, su-per-struh-ihun, 8. An ediflce erected on something ® ■ ScPERSTRt cTivp, su-per-stmV-tiv, a. Built on some- SCPERETEOCTCRB, su-pcr strukf-yur, 8. Anj structure or edifice built on something else ; anything erected on a foundation or basis. SrpERsoBSTANTiAL, su-prr-sub-stan -shal,a. More than Stjpkrstjbtle, su-pff-sut'-tl, a. Over-siiDtie. SoPERSrupnATE, m-per-suV-fate, 8. S’**P*'‘*^ P greater number of equivalents of acid th^ base. Supertehrene, su-per-ter-reiie',a.. ISeiiig above g™hnct ScpERTERRPSTEiAL, sii-per-ter-Tett-tri-al, a. Beiii„ above the world, or what belongs to SuPEKTONic, si4-pep-ton'-**i. 8- In music, the note next B«\”nTR‘AomA\rsu%^cr-fr®^ a- Tragical to excess. Bopekvacaneoos, su-per-va-ka -ne-us, a. Superfluous , unnpce,s8ary; needless ;-ad. Supcrvacaneously ,-s. Svlt:7:jr~:e,te-, v.n. TO come upon as some- 8u^^i”RlE?S?rT-i,e^-i;'-rrJ?a. Comingnponas Roniethin" additional or extraneous. Subvention , sM^per-ven^-shxm, s. The act of snpe^en- Bupervisal, ) s. Act of overseeiTif-, Supervision, su-per-vis/i'-wn,) inspection; supenn- BnlERvm‘?'s»-pcr-t)iEc', v.a. To oversee ; to superintend. Supervisor, iu-per-vi'-zury s. An overseer, on in- [supervision. 8upERvisoET,5i<‘P«r-i’i'-anr-c, a. ^ ScPF,RvivE,+ su-per~vive'y v.a. To hve beyond, to Sup^mATlou, sn-pe-nn'-shun, 8. State of being laid with the face upward ; the act of turning the palm of the S^mNATim, su-pe-nn'-tur, s. In anot., a muscle that turns the palm of the hand upward. , , Ku-aine'. a. I.vmg on the hacK, or with the fkce upward; negligent; heedless ; indolent; cai-e- IcsB —ad Supinely ,—s. Supineness. , 8n?fNE,L'-pto«, s. In gram., the name of cert^ modi¬ fications of the Latin verb ending m urn “■ 8opmAOE,i sup'-paje,s. What may be supped ; Pottage. SuppAi.PATioii,t sup-pal-pa'-shun, s. Act of enticmg by BupPAmSiT*ATioN,t sup-par-as-e-ta'-shun, s. Act offlat- SuTp"? TO flatter ; to caiole. SnppEDANEous.sup-pr-rfflt'-M^-Ms.a. TJoing under the fert. 8cppeiittate,± sup-ped'-c-tofe, v.a. Tosiuiply. [fotoed. SuPPEniTATioN,t sup-ped-e-taf-dmn,s. Supply; aid af- Supper, sup^.per. s. The evening meal. SupperLess^ up’-per-les, a. Being without slipper. Supplant sup-planf, v.a. To trip up the heels ; to take the place of ; to displace or undemine. Suppi.ANTATioN, sup-plan-ta'-shun, s. The act of siip- SuppuIntee , sup-planf-er, s. One who supplants. Supple, sup'-pl,!i. Easily bent; not obstinate ; bending to the humour of others .pliant; — v.a To make soft and pliant; to render flexible. — V.n To become soft and pliant. Suppi.F.MKNT, sxip'-ple-uient, s A.n addition to anything. _y To Add Romething to a writing, &c. SvTViJ Tsar.nTKL, sup-ph-Mpnt'-al, )g A-dditionai. RtipPI VMENTA RV, « . r -i Suppi.FNEss, mv'-pl-nes, s. Quality of l^ing ej^y bent readiness of complianee ; piiancy Suppi PTORT, a. Supplying deficiencies. — s TTiat which is to supply what is wanted. SuppLtAi.4 sup.pli’-aly s. The act of supplying. Suppi.iA.vcE.i 8. Continuance- a _ sB! I^NT, i^^p' a. Asking earnestly and 8^- mi«8ivcly expressive of humble supplication , eu- -'^s'^^A hirnible'p'eTitione^^^ one who entrmi^s^ .ib- finTpimfir, supt-pU-kant, a. Entreating ; ashing sub- g. One who entreats; a petitioner. Supplicate, sup^ -pl^kati . va. To seek by eldest prayer; to entreat. ^ ^ , [entreat — v.n. To ask with earnestness and sulmission; to SrppucATiNGLT, tup'-ple-kate-ing-le, ad. By way or Supplication, sxip-ple-ka'-shxm, 8. Humble a.nd earnest oraver; entreaty; petition. [cation; hiirable. SuppLicATORT, a. Containing suppli* Supplier, S- He who supplies.^ Supplies, sup puts’, 8.; pi. of Supple. Things siipplied in sufficiencT ; moneys granted by the British Parlia¬ ment for public expenditure. Lor, Supply , sup-pW, v.a To fill up as any deficiency han- pens ; to add what is Avanted ; to bring or furnish ; to fill vacant room. , — s. Sufficiency of things for use or want; the neces- sary stores and provisions. , v.- ^ SuppLYMENT.i sup-pli'~ment, s. A furnishing. Support, swp-poWe', v.a. To bear or tain ; to keep from failing ; to uphold ; to vindicate , to maintain ; to endure. * ™.v -av. — s. The act of upholding or sustaining ; that .which upholds or keeps from falling; that which maintains life , maintenance ; subsistence. Supportable, sup-porte'-a-hl, a. That may be upheld ; that may he home or endured; that can be main¬ tained ; endurable ad. Supportably s. Support- Supportance^ sup’porte'-ariseyS. Maintenance; support. Supporter, sup-pvr'-ter, e. One _who or that which supports or maintains; a sustainer; a comforter. In a knee placed under the cat-head.— Supporters, in her., are figures of beasts that appear to support the arms. SuppORTruL,t sup-port^~fxil,B.. Abounding with si^port. Support!,F. ss, sup-ported-les, a. Having no support. Suppobtment.^ sup-portef-ment. s. Support. SupposABi.K, sup-po'-zd-hl, a. That may be supposed or imagined to exist. . . -.lt- .. ♦ra Suppo8AL,J s. Positiou without proof, the imagining of something to exist; supposition. Suppose, sup-poz^, v.a. To lay down or state as a proposition or fact that may exist or be true; t€ receive as true ; to think ; to imagine ; to conjec^re. — ± s. Position without proof. .1^ • Supposed, sup-pozdd , pp. or a. Xaid down or imagined SupposER, sup-po'-zer , s. One who supposes. Supposition, sup-po-zish’-xin, s. Act of laying down, imagining, or admitting as is un proved to be so; hypothesis; imagination ; belief without full evidence; conjecture. Suppositional, exip-po-zish'-un-al, a. Hypometic^.^ . Supposititious, sxtp-poz-e-iishd-^iSy a. Put by trick in the place belonging to another; not genuine, spu¬ rious; hypothetical;—ad. Supposititious^; oup- posititioumess. [position ;—ad. SupposUiveix:. Suppositive, 5fver a saddle ; the ginile of a cassock hrKCi.B, sirr' kl,&. A little slu^oi; a twig ; a sucker. 8uRcri:e',v.a. Tooomeorfall upon smidenlv to take unawares; to striWe ivith wonder; to throw the mind into disorder by something sudden — 8. The act of coming upon una«arps, an emotion excited by something happening suildenlr ■ n onder ■ astonishment. ■[unawares: huRpRisiNo, sur-prtzc'-ing. ppr. Falling on smidenlv -a. Of a nature to excite wonder; extraordiiiary -- ad Snrprisinyly s. Surprisingness. Surrebut, sur-re-htif, v.a. In 'aw, to reply as a plaintiff to a defendant's rebutter. rpie’adinu SUXBE,.UTTER. snr-re-lmt'-ler,s The plaintiff''s renlvrii !5i-KRF..miN, snr-re-jogn', v.n. In law, to reply, a's a plaintiff to a defendant's rejoinder. SuRREjo^-nER, snr.rr-.,opr.'.der. s. The answer of a pl.'iinr.ifT to a defcuidant’s rejoinder ';;a. To yield to the power of another, to give or deliver up possession.-In law, to yield an estate, to yield to anv influence, passion, or power.-In mii. language, to lay do\vn amis, and up one s self as a prisoner of Yvar. 5? self into the power or another. SUKEENDEE [ 786 ] SWAB SrRaBND*A.8. Tne act of vieiaing or resigning one’s person or the possession oi sometlung into tlie power of another; a yielding or giving up.—In lawy a yield¬ ing up Of an e&iaie. SuRiiKNuBKi;E, sur-re)t-der-t^y s. In laWy a person to boin tue lord grunts hurrenderod land. Suu&i:ndi:kou., stir-ren'-der-ury S- Tlie tenant who sui’ieauerj^ an estate liiCu llie liands of his loid. SuKKiMJRY, sm -len'‘Urt, s. A surrenuer. SLRKLPrto.Njt -s}iun,%. a eumiug unperceived. SuHRErxiTioos, 6ur-rvi)-iii>li'-usy a. Dtnic bj oteallli or wiiiiuut proper auilioiiiy , frauduieiu ad. Surrep- titt-AisLy Lnstied judge. SuKRouAfE, sur'-ro-gatty s. Tlie deputy oi an eceiesi- -t V u I'o put in me place of auoluer. SuHnoGAi’ioN.t sur-ro-ga'-nhuny &. Act of substituting one person in Uie place ol anoiher. &viiROy HD, sur-roicud', S'.a,. To iuciose on ail sides ; to eneunipass or encircle ; to cut off the means of retroiitiiig. [ing; inclosing. SuRRoUNDiNQ, mr-rototid'^ing, ppr. or u. liiicompass* — 8. All eucompassing. [number. SuRSOLiD, nxir-soi'-id,^. In the fifth power of a ticRTou r, aur-tooi', s. A man’s coat to be worn over his other garments. [bitiuninuus wood. SuRTCKURANu, sur'-iwr-fcrand, s. Fibrous brown coal or Surveillance, 5. (Fr.) Watch; inspec¬ tion. [addition. SuEVENE,+ sur-veen'y v a. To supervene; to come as an Survey, sur-va', v.a, To inspect or lake a view of; to overlook; to oversee; to examine; to measure, as land , to examine and asccTiain the pusUiou and distances of objects or places. Survey, ^ur'-va, s An utteiuiye view; an examina¬ tion of all the parts or particulars of a thing; a review or retrospect.— Trigojiuint t/ical surtei/, a survey on a large scale b> means of a series of triangles. 8l rveyal, au/ -va -aL, s. Survey ; a viewing. Su KVE\iNG,-A’wr-'ua'-s. Tne art or business of mea- sui uig iand- SuRVEYoR, sur-va'-Wy s. One placed to superintend Others , one wlio measures \Q.na.—iyurveyor ireyui al, a cliief or principal surveyor ol royal manors, or parks. SuRvEYOusHIE, s. The office of a sur- SuKvlEw 4 v.a. To survey. [veyor. — J ». Survey. Suhvise4 nui -vize'y v.a. To look over. Survival, stir-vi' val, s. A living beyond the life of anuinei persvdi, an outliving. SuKvivANCEjt aur-vi -vtrusied ,—ad. Su&pectedly; —s. Suspecttdness. sus-jiek'-tur,i>. One who suspects. SusPECTPUL, sus-pekt'-ful) a. Apt to suspect or mistrust. Busfectlessi iut-peki'-ks, a. Having no suspicion ; not suspected. Suspend, v.a. To attach to something above > tc make to depend on; to hang; to interrupt; to deprive of ottice for a time. (depend on ; delayed. Su.M'ENOED, pp. or a. Hung up; made to Suspender, sus-peu' -der, s- One who suspends.—i’u*'- penders are straps worn for holding up pantaloons. &c , braces. Suspense, sus-pe7ue'y s. A state of uncertainty , inde- tenuinaiioii—in law, suspension; a temporary cessa¬ tion OI a man’s rigiii. — t a. lielu from proceeding. SusPENsiRi Lii’Y ,-r SdS-pc/i-ne-bil'-e-te, s. Capacity of being susp- aded or sustained irom sinking. Si'SPENsiRLE, sus-2Ji'u'-se-bly a. Uapaole Oi being sus¬ pended ur held nom sinuing. Su.-^PENSioN, sud-jjen'-iihuns s Act of hanging up, or uf causiiig to hang by being attached to som- ii.in?. above; the act of delaying, inteiruption ; iuiermit- Bion ; temporary privation of poweia, antlioi ity, -r rights.—In mech., points of suspctision in a balance are the points in the axis or beam where the weights are applied, or from which they are suspended.—I d iuusiCf every sound of a chord to a given baae.—In mil. matters, the suspension of arms is a slmri time agieed upon by contending'* parties.— Suspension- bridge, a bridge supported by chains which pusa over high piers or coiuiniis at each end, and are seciu’cd bciuw. Suspensive, sus-pen'~siv, a. Doubtful. SusPENsoR, sus-prn'-sury s. In anat., a bandage to sus¬ pend the scrotum. Ling. Suai-ENsuRT, 4.ws-^e7i'-6‘Mr-€, a. That suspends; suspend- — 8. That whicij suspends; a truss. Suspicaiile4: sus'-pe-Ku-oi, a. mat may be suspeciea Suspicion, sus^pisW-uuy s. Aclof suspecting; jealousy distrust. Susp>ciou8, sus-ptsA'-ns, a. Inclined to suspect; mis- ti’usiiui, jealous ; —ad. Suspiciously ; —s. Suspicwiisuest ScspiKAL, sus-pi'-raly g. A breaUiiug hole, a vent or ventiduct. SuspiKAiToN, sus-pe-ra" -shwiy s. Act of sighing rr fetching a deep breath. ‘ ^breatlv Suspire.- f sus-poe , v.n. To sigh ; to fetch » long, deep SusT.YiN, sus-tune', v.a. To bear, to liold, to keep ir«jm falling , t(i maintain ; to keep alive. Sustainable, sus-ta/i«?'-d-6/, a. Tnal may be 8u.«- SusTALTic, sus-tal'-iik, a. Mournful; affecting. Sustenance, sus'-^e-naM«e, s. Support; maintenance that which supports life ; food ; provisions. SusTENTArioN4 ®- Support; preserva tioi) lEum falling ; mainienance. [murmur Susurration, su-sur-rx'-shutt, A whispering; a soft SUT1EE4 su'-tily a. Done by stitching. Sutler, sut-ler, s. A pei'son who follows an army and sells CO tlie troops provisions and liquors. SuTLiNG, sut'-ling, Si. belonging to sutlers; engaged in the occupation of a sutler. Suttee, sul-ie', s. A Hindoo; a female deity ; a widow who muiiolates hei’seii on tlie funeral pile of her hus¬ band Uie sacrifice of burning a w idow. SuTTEEisM, S'it-te'-iz»i, 8 . Tiic piMutic.e of self-immo¬ lation among widows in Hindustan. SuTTLE, sut'-U, a. A eat, applied in commerce to the wcigiii of commodiues wlien the tare has been di ducted, and net is >et to be. Sutural, sm.'-np-. f, a. Uelating to a suture or ^>am.— In boi.y the dehiscence of a pericarp is sutural when it take? place at a suture. Su'ruRATEisJ sHi'-ur-d-:ed,Si. Stitelied or knit log«tiher. Suture, sut'-yure, 6. The seam or joint wnich unites the bones of the skulJ by serrated or teethed mar¬ gins.—In snrg.y the uniting of tlie edges ul wounds by sewing.—In but., tne line ur seam* fuiTiied by the union of two margin.- In any pan of a plant—in couth., the line of junction in tlie whorls of spiral shell.-*, or the parts wliere the teethed edges of shells hi into each other. SuTURi.p, sut'-yuid, a. Having I'utures ; knit together. Suzerainty', su'-ze-raiie-le, 8 . Paramount authority or command. Swab, swob, 8. A mop for cleaning floors. — v.a. To clean with a mon. SWABBER r Ysn ] SWEEP stcotZ-ber a. One who uses a swab to clean a tioor or deck. [Tat person. 8wa.d,j stcod, 8. A pod, as of beans or peas, a short, SwA-ODi.E, swod'-dly v.a. To swathe ; to bind, — s. Clothes bound around the body. iwA-DOLiNG, swod’-dling, pp. or Vi,. Swathing ; binding in tight clothes.—or Swaddling-cloth, a band or cloth wrapped round an inlant. Bwa.g, swag, v.ii. To sink down by its weight; to lean. —Swag-bellied, having a prominent, overhanging belly. Swage, t swcge, v.a. To ease ; to soften ; to assuage ; to fashion a piece of iron by drawing it into a groove oi mould having the required shape. - X v.n. To abate. — 8. A tool used for making mouldings upon sheet-iron. SwAGGEa, »wag'-ger,Y.n. To bluster; to bully; to brag noisily. 8-waoubrer, swag’-ger-er, 8. A blusterer ; a bully. SwAGGERiNO, sivug'-ger-ttig, ppr. or a. Blustering, boasting. SwAGGY, swag'-ge, a. Sinking or leaning by its weight. Swain, s. A young man; a pastoral youth; a countryman.—a rural court for adjudging matters of the forest, held before the verderors, as judges, by the steward of the court. SwAiNisH, sxoane'-ish, a. Rustic. Swale, swale, s. An interval or vale; a tract of low land ; a flame. — v.n. or v.a. To w’aste; to consume ; to blaze away. Swallow, swol'-lo, s. A well-known bird of the genus hirtindo; the gullet, or oesophagus ; the Uiroat; xora.- (iity.—Sc4;aUow-Jish, a sea-fish.— SwalLoio-tail, a plant, a species of willow.— Swcy'-ow's-tail, in.J’ort., an out¬ work.—dove-tailed.— Swcdlow-wcn't, an herb of the genua asclepias. v.a. To receive through the gullet or oesophagus into the stomach; to absorb; to ingulf; to receive implicitly; to appropriate; to seize and waste; to consume. SwALiAiwBR, swol'-lo-er^ii. One who swallows; a glutton. Swallowing, swof-lo~%ng, s. The act of taking into the stomach or of absorbing; the receiving impli¬ citly; the act of engrossing. Swam, swam, pret. of the verb fo swim. Swamp, swo-mp, s. Spongy land; low ground filled Yvith water.— Stvamp-ore, in miti., an ore of iron found in swamps and morasses; bog-ore. — v.a. To plunge, whelm, or sink in a swamp; to overset or sink in water ; to plunge into inextricable difficulties. Syvampy, swomf/-e, a. Consisting of swamp; like a swamp; w'et and spongy. Swan, swon, s. A large aquatic fowl of the genus cygnus, with very long neck, and beautiful plumage, in Europe white, but in Australia black.—Stta/i- skin, a species of flannel of a soft texture, thick and warm. SwANG, swung, s. A piece of low land or green sward, liable to be covered with water. {Local.) Swan’s-down, swonz'-doton, s. A fine, soft, thick cloth of wool mixed with silk or cotton. Swap, swop, s. A blow ; a stroke. — v.a. T«; exchange ; to barter. — ad. Hastily ; at a blow. (Lyw.) SwAPK, swaps, 8. A pole supported by a fulcrum, used for raising water from a well, for ciiuming, &c.; a sweep. Sward, sioawrd, s. The grassy surface of land; turf; the skin of haLcon.—Sward-cutter, an instimment for cutting sward across the ridges. — v.a. To cover with sward. 8 ward Y, swawrd'-e, a. Covered with sward or grass. Swarded, swawrd'-ed,a,. Covered with grass. SwARE, sware, old pret. of the verb to swear. See Swoa*. Swarm, swawrm, s. A number or bodyof small animals or insects, a great number of honey-bees which emigrate from a hive at once, and seek liew lodgings; a multitude or throng. — v.n. To collect and depart from a hive by flight in a body, as bees ; to throng loyether ; to congregate in a multitude ; to climb, as a tree, by means of ^e arms and legs. •Jv.a To crowd or throng. Swart, la. Being of a dark hue; moder- SwARTH, I ately black; gloomy;—ad. «SM?ar- thily ; —8. Swarthiness, Swartlmess, and SwarHness. «■ An apparition of a dying person. Swarthy, swawr'-the, a. Being of a dark hue or dusky coinplejuon; tawny. SwARTiSH, ! „ i. x j i x _ SwiRTY, iwawH'-t, 1 Somewhat dark ortawhy. SwARVE,t swawrv, v.n. To swerve. Swash, swosh, s. A blustering noise; impulse of water flowing with violence; an oval figure. ' — v.n. To bluster ; to make a great noise. Swash, swosh, i a. Swaggering ; soft, like fruit too SwASHY, swosh'-', j ripe. Swashbuckler^ rwJosA8. A sword-player ; a I bully or braggadocio. Swasher, swosh'-er, s. One who makes a blustering show of valour or force of arms, j SwaTyJ swai, v.n. To sweat. I Swatch,:}: swotch, s. A swath. i Swath, swath, s. A line of grae® or grain cut and I thrown together by the scythe ; the Yvhole breadth or I sweep of a scythe in mowing ; a band or fillet. Swathe, v.a. To bind with a band, bandage, or rollers; to bind or wrap. Swathing, swath'-ing, ppr. or a. Binding or wrapping. Sway, swo, v.a. To wield with the hanu; to cause to lean or incline to one side; to influence; to swing or wave. — v.n. To be drawn to one side by weight; to lean ; to bear rule ; to govern. — s. The swing or sweep of a weapon; anything moving with bulk and power; prepouderation; rule or dominion. Swaying, s. The act of wielding or gervem- — Swaying of the back, among beasts, is a kind of lumbago, caused by being overloaded, or a fall. S'sv£A.L,sweei,Y.ii. To melt and run down, as the tallow of a candle ; to waste away. Swear, sware, v.n.; pret. sware or swore ; pp. sworti. To affirm or utter a solemn declai*ation, with an appeal to God for the truth ; to promise upon oath ; to prac¬ tise profaneness. — v.a. To utter or afllrm with a solemn appeal to God for the truth ; to cause to take an oath.—To swear the peace against one, is to make oath against him before the proper officer, as endangering the life or person of him who thus swears the peace. Swearer, swa'-rer, s. One who swears; one who calls God to witness for the truth ; a profane person. Swearing, swa^-^-rng, ppr. or a. Affirming upon oath. —• s. The act of affirming on oath; profanen^. Sweat, swet^ s. The fluid or sensible moisture which is excreted from the skin of an animal ; labour; toil; drudgery. — v.n.; pret and pp. sweat, or sweated. To excrete sensible moisture from the pores of the skin; to toil; to drudge. [exude. — v.a. To emit or suffer to flow from the pores; to Sweater, swet'-er, s. One who causes to sweat. SwEATiLT, swet'-e-le, ad, So as to be moist with sweat. SwBATiNBss, swet'-e-^ies, s. The state of being sweaty. Sweating, swet'-ing, ppr. or a. Excreting moistui'C from tlie skin ; exuding.— Sweating-bath, a sudatory.— Sweating-house, a house for sweating persons in sick¬ ness.— beating-iron, a kind of knife or a piece of a scythe, used to scrape off stveat from liorses.— Sweat¬ ing-room, a room for sweating persons. In rural econ., a room for sweating cheese.—Sweatitig-sickness, a febrile epidemic disease. Sweaty , swet'-te, a. Moist with sweat; laborious. SwBDB,i(toedtf,8. A native of Sweden; a Swedish turnip. Sweden BORGiAN. swe-dn-bawr^-je-an, s. A follower of ^nanuel Swejdenborg, who daunt'd to have habitual intercourse witli the world of spirits, and maintJiined that Jeaui Christ alone was God. He founded the New Jerusalem church. Sweep, sweep, v.a; pret. and pp. swrpt. To brush or rub over with a brush, broom, or besom ; to clean by brushing; to carry with pomp; to carry off with violence ; to strike with a long stroke. — v.n. To pass with swittness and violence; to pass with pomp; to move with a long reach. — s. The act of sweeping; the compass of a stroke, violent and general destruction ; a pule or piece of timber moved on a fulcrum.—Among seamen, a name given to large oars, used in small vessels to impel them m a calm, &c.; a cliimney-sweeper. — Sweep-net, a large net for drawing over an extensive compass.— Sweep-washer, the person who extracts from the sweepings, &c., of refineries of gold and silver the small residuum of precious metal. SWEEPER Sweeper, 8. One wlio swee^. Sweeping, ppr. or a. Brushing OY«r; rubbing with a oroom or besom ; dragging over;- ad. Sweep- ingiy. [sweeping • rubbish. ^EEpiNGB, tweep'-ingz, s.pL Things c<>1lected by Sweepstake, sweeps-stake,s. A man who wins all. Sweepstakes, s. pi. The whole money or other things staked or won at a horse-race Sweeps, a. Passing w'ith speed and violence over a great compass at once ; strutting ; wavy. Sweet, sweety a. Agreeable or grateful to the taste; pleasing to the senses ; fresh ; not salt or «i)ur; mUd ; soft; gentle; sugary; saccharine ;—ad. S\**etly. The woid has a variety of compounds; as, Sweet¬ bread, the pancreas of a calf or o^' any animnl.—6'loee^- brier, a shrubby plant of the rose kind.— a plant of the genus scandix. — Sweet-cisUiS, an ever¬ green shrub. — Sweet-corn, a variety of maize.— Sweet-Jiag, an aromatic plant of the genus acorus .— Sweet-gmuy a tree of the genus liquidamb'^r.—Sweet¬ heart, a lover or mistress.— SweeUjohn's, a plant, a species of dianthus. — Sweei-marjorani, a vci7 flagrant plant, a species of origanum. —iSajefit-wantiim, a species of achillea, allied to milfoil. — Sweet-pea, an annual leguminous plant, allied to the Sweat-potato, a plant and the esoulent part of its root, the ro7ivolvulxis oatatus.—Sweet-root, the liquorice, or ghveyrrhiza .— Sweet-rusk, another name of the s\oeet-fi'»'g.-Sweet- scented, having a sweet smell.— Sweet-sniflling, irdi- grant.—Sweep-sop, an evergreen shrub, allied to the custard a.p'ple.—Sweet-sultan, an annual flowering plant, ce?itaurea moschata. — Sweet-temj^ex'ed, having a sweet disposition. — Sweet-toned, having a sweet sound.—a plant of the genus capraria.— : Swect-xoilliani, the name of several species of pink, of the genus dianthus. — Sweet-willow,z. plant, the myrica gale. — Sweet-wood, a plant, a species of laurus.—Sweet- wort, a plant of a sweet taste. — 8. Something pleasing or grateful to tlie mind; a sweet substance; sweetness; a word of endearment. Sweets, home-made wines, raetheglin, &c.; molasses, or other sweet vegetable substances. Sweeten, sweet-tn, v.a. To make sweet; to soften ; to make delicate ; to restore to purity. — v.n. To become sweet. [grateful. Sweetened, sweet'-tn-ed, pp. or a. Made sweet, mild, or Sweetener, sweet-tn-er, s. He or that which sweetens. Sweetening, sweet-tn-ingtS. The act of making sweet ; that which sweetens. [dearraent. Sweeting, swcet'~ing, s. A sweet apple ; a word of en- SwEETisHjSM’eci'-ts/i, a. Somewhat sweet or grateful to the taste ;—s. Sweetishness. S\^'EBTaiEAT, sweet-meet, s. Fruitpreserved with sugar, as peaches, peqrs, derivatives. SwoLLKN, I ( pp. of the verb lo irregular SwoLN, I \ and obsolescent. Swoon, swvoHy v.n. To faint; to sink into a fainting fit. --6. A fainting fit; syncope. Swooning, swoon'-tTig, s. The act of fainting; syncope. Swoop, «coop, v.a. To fall on at once and seize; to catch while on the wing ; to seize. — v.n. To pass v. ith pomp. — 8. A falling on ana seizing. Swop, «icop, v.?. To exchange ; to barter. (Low.) - s. An exchange. Sword, soacd, 8. An offensive weapon used either for thrusting or cutting.—destruction by war; em¬ blem of authority and power; war; dissension.— Suord-bearer, an ofiicer in the city of London who carries tiie sword, as an emblem of justice, befoie the .ord mayor.—Sword-bell, a belt by which a sword is suspended, borne by the side —Stcora-blade, the blade or cutting pari of a swordfencing ; a combat or trial of skill with sworaa.—Sword-Jish, a large sea-fish, allied to the mackerel.— Sword-gras.-i, a kind of sedge, the sweet rusli.— Swoid-knot, a ribbon tied to the hilt of the sword.—Sict>rd-/aie, violence ; government by force.— Sword-man, a soldier ; a fight¬ ing man.— Sword-player, a fencer; a gladiator.— Sword-shaped, ensiform. bwoRDi.Ess, sorde'-les, a. Destitute of a sword. Swore, swore, pn t. of the verb to stvear. Sworn, stcorn, pp. or a. from the verb to swear. S\vocni>.4: swownd, v.n. To swoon. Swum, swntn, pret and pp. of the verb to swim. Swing, swung, pret. ana pp. of the verb to swing. Sybarite, sib'-a-rite, 8. A person devoted to luxury and pleasure. Sybab iTic, a. Luxurious; wanton. Btcamine, 1 8. A species of fig-tree, a Syca-more, sik'-d-more, j species of maple, acerpseudo- platanus.—Sycamore-moth, a large moth, whose larve feeds on the leaves of the sveamore. Stcee, se-se', 8. In China, silver in the shape of small half-globes, used as a currency. SYciTE,i sik'-ite, s. Fig-Stone. Bycoma, se-ko'-md, s. A tumour shaped like a fig. Sycophancy, sik'-o-fan-se, 8, Obsequious flattery ; servility. [a deceiver; an impostor. Sycophant, sikf-o-fant, s. A parasite; a mean flatterer; Sycophant, sik'-o-fant, 1 v.a. To play the syco- Sycophantizk, sik-o-fun-tize,] phant; to flatter meanly. [itig; parasitic. Sycophantic, sik-o-fant'-ik, a. Obsequiously flatter- Bycoph.a^ntry-, sik'-o-fant-re, s. Mean and officious tale-bearing or adulation. Stcoms. si-ko'-sis, s A tubercular eruption upon the scalp or bearded part of the face. Sydnean, sid’ ue-on. a. Denoting a specics of white earth brougiit from Sydney Cove, in South 'Wales. Syenite, si’ en-ite. s A rock composed of quartz, hornblende, and mica. S\Kz.sike.s A small htook or rill, (Local.) Btllabk, sil-lab'-tk, a Pertaining to a syllable or syllables .—ad Sydabically [syllahlec, f^YLLAuiCAnoN, sii-lah e-ka'-shun, s. .^ct of forming Syllable. sU'-Id-bl, s A letter or combination of letter> uttered together by a single impulsion of the voire . words of orie syllable being called niono syllables, of two syllables, dissyUaUes, of tlii*ee syl Abies, trisyllables , -and of more, polysyllables. v.a. To utter; to articulate. [wine and milk. sil'-ld-bub, 8. A compound drink, made of Syllabub, siV-Id-bus, s. An abstract; a compendium containing the beads of a disi uurse, Ac. Syi.lepsis, sil-lep'-sis, s. In gram , a figure by which wecimceive the sense of v>ords otherwise than th« words import. Syllogism, sU'-lo-jizm, s. A form of reasoning or argu mciil, con.sistiiig of three propositions, of which the fiist two are called the premises, and the last the con- ciusion. Syllogistic, sU-lo-jis'-tik, a. Prrtaijiing to or con¬ sisting of a syllogism ad. Syliogisiica/ly. Syllogization, sit-lo-je-za'-skun, s. A reasoning hy syllogisms. [s. Syllogtzef BYLL«>iizE, sil'-lo~jize, v.n. To reason by syllogisms Sylph, silj, s. .\n imaginary being, inhabiting the air.—Sylph-like, rcst-mbling a ^yOph. Sylphid, silf'-id, s. A diminutive of sylph. Stlva, sil' rd, s. collection of poetical pieces, of various kinds; a work containing a botanical descrip tiou of forert-trecs ; the forest-trees themselves. Sylvan, sil'-van, a. 'Woociy; pertaining to woods OT groves. — 8. A fabled deity of the woods ; a faun. Stlvanite, sil'-van-ite, s. Native tellurium. Sylvate, sil'-vate, s. A compound of sylvic acid with a haao.—Sylvie acid is a crystallizable substance ob¬ tained from rchin by the action of alcohol. Sylviad^, sil'-ve-d-de, s.pl. A family of small birds, the Warblers, UKludin^Nightingale.s, Stone-chats, &c. Symbol, s. The sign or representation of any moral thing by the images or prtmerties of natural things; an abstract; an emblem, figure, or type.—In medals, a certain mark or figure representing a being or thing. [ad. Symbolically. Symbolic, sim-bol'-ik, a. Representative; fi^iurative Symbolics, siwi-ooZ'-f&s, 8. The science of creeds. Symbolism, sim'-bol-izm, s. Among chem., consent of parts ; a union of things thrown together. Symbolization, sim-bo!-e-za'shun, s. Act of symboliz ing; resemblance in properties. Symbolize, sim'-bol-ize , v n. Tu have a resemblance of qualities or properties ; to agree. — v.a. To make to agree in properties. [bols. Symbology, sim-bol'-o-je, s. Art of expre.ssing by sym- M METRAL, sim'-nie trul, a. Commensurable. Symmetrian, si»G-7nc'-t»c-an, I 8. One eminently sta- Symmetrist, sim'-me-trist, f dious of proportion or symmetry of parts. Symmetrical, sim-met'-re-kal, a. Proportional in its parts ; having its parts in due proportion.—fiym- melrical solids, in geom., are solids which, though equal and similar, cannot be brought to coincide with each otlier ;—ad. Symmetrically; —s. Symmetricalness Symmetrize, sim'-me-trize, v.a. To make proportional in its parts. Symmetry, sim'-me-tre, 8. A due proportion of the several parts of a body to each other; harmony. Sympathetic, sirn-pd-thet'-ik, a. Pertaining to sym¬ pathy ; having common feeling with another.—In path., a terra applied to symptoms and affectiohs which Occur in parts more or less remote fiom the primary seat of disease.—In anal., applied to that system of nerves which lakes its origin from the semilunar ganglion in the centre of the epigastrium and Is sent to the wisole nutritive system.—The Sinn- pathetic nerve is the intercostal ntjrve.— Sympathetit ink, an ink which makes no mark upon the paper until it is Iieated ;- -ad. Sympathetically. Sympathize, sim'-pa-thize . v.n, 'I’o have a common feeling, as of bodily pleasure or pain. Sympathy, sim'-pa-'Af', s. The quality of being affected by the affection of another witli correspondent feel¬ ings , fellow-feeling compas^ion ; pity.—In path., a con’e-pondenee of various parts of the tody in simi¬ lar sen.^atiuns or affections —In nat. hist., a propensicn ol' inanimate things to unite. Sympho.moos, sim-fo'-ne-us, s. Agreeing in sound, harmonious. Symphonist, sim'-fo-nist, s. A composer of symphonies. Sy h '•HGNizK, shn' fo-nize. v.n To l>e in unison with. Hos\ , sim'-fo-ncy^. A consonance or harmony of sounds agreeable to the ear; a musical composition for a tuJl band ot in.^truments Symph Ysi>, s In onar., the union of bones by cartilage.—In surg , a coalescence of a natural passage. Sympiesometer, e-zom'-e-fer, 8. An instrumenl for measuring the pressure of the atmosphere. SYMPLEOTES [ 789 ] SYSTEMATIC! aiiiPLECTEs, sini-ple)^-Us, g.pl. Weaver birds, of the family Fringillidce. Symi'Osiac, sitn-po'-ze-ak, a. Pertaining to compota- tions and iiieiry-making; convivial. S'i.jyusu:V- siiH-pu'-ze-mn, a. A drinking together; a nmiT)’ feast. Sy-mpi’om, A token, sign, murk, or indi¬ cation —In p.ii/i.jtnat whicii iudicaies disease. SvMProMATic. siinp-to->ne of Sy>J, sin, s. A Greek prep'jsition signifying with, or. together, and of trequent use in English pielixes. Syn.ercsi.s, s. In gram., a tigui’e by which two Vowels, that ai’e ordinarily separated, are drawn together into one syllable. [gogue. Sy> AGooiCAL, sin-a-gog'-e-kal, a. Pertaining to a ^y na- Stnagogue, sin'-u-gog,6. A congregation or assembly of Jews, met for the purpo->e of worship; the house appropriated to the religious worship of the Jews. Synalepha, s. In grnm., a contraction of two syllables into one, by suppressing a vowel at the end of a word before another vowel. Stn.archy, aiii'-'dr-ke, s. Joint rule or sovereignty. Synarthrosis, sin-dr-thro'-sis, s. Union of bones without motion. Synaxis, sin-a/cs'-is, 8. A congregation. [fishes. SYNBRANCHiDiE, siu-bran'-ke-de, s. A family of apodal Syncaupous, sin-kdr'-pus, a. In bot., having the carpels of a compound fruit completely auited. Synchondrosis, si/fkoti-dro'-sis, s. The connection of bones by means of cartilage. Synchronal, sin'■ kro-nal, a. or s. Happening at the same time ; simultaneous. Sync-hron ISM, sin'-A:ro-nis«i, s. Concurrence of two or more events in time ; simultaiieousness, tabular ai‘- rangement of liistory according to dates. [events. SyNCHRONizArioN.sm-A:ro-ue-za'-5A«n,8. ConcujTence of Synchronize, sm-Aro-mze, v.n. To agree in time; to be simultaneous. Synchronous, sin'-kro-nus, a. Happening at the same time ; simultaneous ;—ad. Synchroyiously. Synchisis, sin'-ke-sis, 8. Derangement; confusion of words in a sentence ; confusion of humours of the eye. Synclinal, sin-kli'-nal, s. Inclined downward from opposite directions. [tion. Synclonus, sin’-klo-nus, s. Inpath., spasmodic agita- Syncopal, sm'-ko-pal, a. Pertaining to syncope. Syncup.ate, »tn'-A:o-pa, s. A council or body of syndics. — v.a. To judge or to censure. Syndrome, sia'-dro-me, 8. Concurrence.—In path., the combination of symntoms in a disease. Synecdoche, sin-ek'-do-ke, s. In rhetoric, a figure or trope by which the wliole of a thing is put for a part. Synecdochical, sin-ek-dok'-c-kal, a. Expressed by synecd-'Che Synechi a. siu-e'-Zee-n, 8. A disease of the eye. Synecphonbsis, nn-ek-fo-n«'-sis, s. A contraction of two syllaWes into one. Btnept, «>»' '«-p9, 8. The inteijunctioa of words. Synergetic, stn-er-jet-ik, a. Co-operating. Synergist, sin'-eT-jist,s>. In the Lutheran Church, one who held that divine grace required a correspondent action or the will to make it elfeciuul. Syngen LsiA, s. In bot., ttid nineteenth class of tlie Linmuan sysUMii of botany. Syngraph, sin’-graf, s. See Chirograph. [of the eye. Synizesis, im-e-zp'-sis, s. An obliteration of the pupil Synnkcuosis, s. In anat., the coimdc- tion of puns by means of ligaments. Stnochcs, sin'-o~ku6, s. A simple continuous fever. Synod, sin'-od, s. A meeting, convention, or council.— Among Presbyterians, an assembly consisting of several adjoining presbyteries. Synodal, nn'-od-oZ, a. .Pertaining to or occasioned by a synod. — s. A pecuniary rent, formerly paid to the bishop or archdeacon at his Easter visitation. Synudical. sin-vd'-e-kal, a. Pertaining to or transacted in a synod ;—ad. SynodicaUy. Synonym, sin'-o-nim, s. A word having the same sig-- nification as another word. Synonymjst, sin-on'-e-mist, s. One who collects and explains synonymous words. Synonymize, stn-ou'-e-mtze, v.a. To express the same meaniug in different words. Synonymous, sin-on'-e-mus, a. Expressing the same thing, or conveying the same idea ;—ad. Synonym mousiy. [tiie same meaning by different woi ds. Synonymy, sin-oti'-e-me, s. The quality of expressing Synopsis, sin-op'-sis, s. A general view, or a collection of things or parts so arranged as to exhibit the whole or the principal parts in a general view. Synoptical, sin-op'-le-kaL, a. Affording a general view in a brief space ;—ad. Synoptically. Synovia, sin~o'-ve-&, s. In anat., the fluid secreted into the cavities of joints. Synovial, sin-o'-ve-al, a. Secreting a lubricating fluid. Syntactical, sin-tak'-te-kal, a. According to the rules of syntax or construction ad. Syntactically. Syntax, shi'-taks, i s. In gram., the construction Syntaxis, sin-tak'-sis, j of sentences or the due ar¬ rangement of words in sentences, according to establislied usage. Synteresis, sin-te-re'-sis, s. Remorse of conscience. Synteret-ic, sin-te-ret'-ik, a. Preserving health. Syntetic, sin-tef-ik, a. Wasting with consumption. SvNTEXis, sin-tek'-sis, s. Adeep consumption. Synthesis, stn'-fAc-5is, s. Composition, or the putting of two or more things together.—In logic^ composi¬ tion.—In surg., tlie operation by w'hicb divided parts are reunited.—In chern., the uniting of elements into a compound ; the reverse of analysis. Synthetic, sin-thet'-ik, a. Pertaining to or consisting in synthesis or composition ;—ad. Synthetically. Synthetize, sin'-the-tize, v.a. To unite in regular structure. Syntomy, sin'-fo-we,8. Brevity; conciseness. SvNTONic, a. In music, sharp. Syphilis, sif'-e-lis, s. The venereal disease. Syphilitic, sif-e-lit'-ik, a. Pertaining to syphilis. Syphiloid, sif'-e-loyd, a. Resembling syphilis. Syphon, si'-fon, s. A tube or pipe. See Siphon. Syren, si'-ren, s. See Siren. [guage of Syria. Syriac, sir'-e-ak, a. or s. Pertaining to Syria; the lan- Syrigmus, se-rig'-mus, s. In path., a ringing of the ears. Syringe, sir'-inj, s. A pipe furnished with a piston, by which liquids can be drawn and then forcibly ejected, mucli used in surgery. — v.a. To inject by means of a syringe. Syringodendron, se-ring-go~den’-drun, s. A fossil plant; applied to many species of sigillaria. StrinctOtomy, sir-in-gof-o-me, s. The operation for cutting for the fistula. Syrinx, sir'-inks, s. Inpath., a fistula. SYRPuiDiE, sir'-fe-de, 8.pi. A tribe of dipterous insocta. 1^') «■ A bog; a quick-sand. .Syrup, siP-up, s. See Sirup. Syssaltic. sis-sal'-tik,a. Contractile. Systa.'-a-r€^, 8. A stout, satin-striped silk, used for fui’uiture. Tajibied, tat/-bid, pp. or a. "Watered j made wavy. Tabbinet. tab'-be-aet, s. A more delicate kind of tabby. I'abbv , a. Brinded j diversified in colour. — 8. A kind of waved silk., usually watered , a mixture of lime with shells, gravel, or stones. — v.a. To water or cause to look wavy. Tabbying, tab'-be-i7ig,&. The passing of stuffs under a calender, to give tiiem a wavy appearance. Tabefaction, tab-«-fak'-shuTi, s. A wasting away. Tabefy,+ tab'-e-ji. v.n. To consume; to waste gradually. Tabernacle, tab-rked.—In fort., tambour is a work formed ot palisades or long pieces of wood planted — cl«;se togetlier, itud driven two or three feci into the ground. It likewise means a single or isolated u*averse, vvhich serves to close up that pan of the covert-way where a communication might have been made in the glacis, for the purpose of proceeding to some detached v/ork.—Tambours are also solid pieces of earth made in that pail of the covert¬ way winch is joined to the parapet, and serve to prevent tlu' coven-way being enfiladed.—2Vim6om-5 are lAtjueiitly made in tlie place of anus of the covert-way, at the salient angles, in the gorges* half¬ moons, ravelins, &c. — v.a To embroider with a tambour. Tambocri.nk, tam-boo-reen' , s. A small, shallow dntm • a lively French dance, .See Tambour. * Tame, tame, a. Mild ; gentle ; accustomed to man • domestic ; depressed; spiriUess; — ad. Tamely s’ lameness. — V.a. To reduce from a wild to a domestic state; to make gentle and familiar ; to civilize; to subdue Tamed, tame’d, pp. or a. Kcclaimed from wildness- dome.Niicatcd. • , Tameless, a. Wild; untaiftable. Tamer, ta -rner, s. One who tames or subdues; one who reclaims trom viildness. Ta.mine, t/im'-in, s. A strainer or bolter of hair. Tamjno, ppr. Keclaiming Irom a wiid state • civilizing , subduing. ’ Taminy, Uim'-e-ne, s- A sort of wooUen stuff. Tamjs, tam'-is,&. A worsted cloth used for the purpose of straining sauces. Tamivin, tarn'.km, s. A stopper. See Tampion. Tkmp, tamp, v.a. To fill up a hole bored in a rock for blasting.—In steges, to pack the excavation of a mine, after tlie charge has been deposited. Tamper, tam'-p.r, v.n. To meddle ; to try little experi¬ ments; to practise secretly. Tampering, tain'-pi^-ing, s. The act of meddling or practising secretly. s. The filling tip of a hole in a rock for the purpoee of blasting. [ Tampeon, tam^-pe~un, ] s. A wooden cylinder for stop Tompion, tom'-pe-un, j ping up the mouth of a caniica I or other piece of ordnance. j Xampoe, iuDi'-po. s. .-i fruit of the East Indies, some¬ what resembling an apple. [Hirui.ios Tamiam, tam -am, s. A large flat drum used b\ tlK- Tan, t n, v.a In the arts, to couvei'i animal skins into leather, to make brown. — s. Die bark ol the oak, Ac., bruised and broken by a mill, for Lanning hides.—in hori., u bed niadr ol tan, a i.ark-i.ed. Tan-house, a building in wiiicJi tanner's bark i> storeu.~ 2 V/n i-it, a bark pii.- 2 Vr/i 6ptm, an insiruinem loi peeling Uie Dark iroin oak ami other uees— 'ian-stovt, a lioi-house witji a baik bed.—2*/n-6‘a^,a vat in vvliico hides u. e steepeU iji liquoi witli tan. Tanaoek, tan'-d-jer, s. American birds allied to the tinelies and sparrows ; W’hence Tanagers, a sub-famiiy ol liie t'rini/iliidce. Tanue.m, ian'-dirn, ad. (Lat.) At length , a tern: applied to the manner of placing two horses one belbre the other in drawing a \elude. Tang, frt/ip, s. A strong taste; relish; something that leaves a sting or pain behind , sound ; the tapering pan of a kniie, cliisei, file, Ac., which goes iuio the handle ; a kind of sea-weed; a tangle.—In the anil tlie upper part of the plug or bieech-piii in a gun. ~X v.n. To ring with. Tangency, tan'-jen-se, s. A contact or touching. Tangent, ti.n'-jent, s. In geoin., a right line which touches a curve, but which, when produced, does not cut it.-In trig., a tangent of an an- is a rigni line di’awn touching one extremity ol the arc, and limited by a seiaiit or line drawn ilnougli tlie ceiiuv und the other extremity of the arc.—a line beneath the tangent. Tanoemial, tan-jen'shal, a. Pertaining to a force which acts so as to give a tendency to a revolving bud\ to liy from its centre, as mud irum a wheelad. ’iangrntiatty TANCiHiiLirv, is. Tlie qiialitj' of beini? _l.i.M.ieLK.NLss, taii'-je-bl-nes, j percepuble lo tlie tuudi, lANGie. E, tiin'-je-bl, a. Puiceptible by the touch tactile ,—ad. lanyibiy. ' Tangle, tany'-gi, v a. To unite or knit together con- lusedly , to interweave ; to iiisuare ; to entrap — v.n. To be entangled. — s. A knot of tiire;ids or other things unitea con- tusedly ; a kind ot sea weed. [maimer, lung'-yliuy-le, ad. United in a tangling lANisr, -isi, a. (Celt.) In Ireland, thii lord or pro¬ prietor of a tract of land; whence Tanistry a life tenure of lands. f water Ta.vk, tank, s. A large basin or cistern , a reservoir of lAKUAKD, tank'-ard, s. A large vessel for liquors, a drinking vessel, with a cover.—Tankard-tnrnw a sort ot turnip. ’ Tanli.vq, tan'-ling, s. One tanned by the heat of the sun lANNATE, tan -nate, s. A compound of tannic acid and a ba&e. Tanned, ton'd, pp. or a. Converted into leather; ^ darkened by the rays of the sun. riiides. Tanner, lan'-ner, s. One whose occupation is to tan lANNERv, tan'-ner-e, s. The house and apparatus for tauuiiig. fastringeucy in vegetables. Tannic acid, tan'-mk as'-sid, s. The principle of lANNiER, tan'-ne-er,s. An esculent root, Aium escu.en- tnm. T.annin, tan'-nin, s, A name formerly applied to tiiiiiiic I.ANNINO, (aK-nmp, s. Tile an of cuuveitiug the raw ^ hides into leutlier by tlie use of tan. Tanrec iaii'-rek, s. SerTENiiEC. [tnnaectam. lA.Nsv iaii IC, S. A bitter, aromatic plant of the genus Tant, lant, s. A small held spider oi an elegant scarlet Colour. "liic Ibises TA.NTALID.E, tan-roi'-e-dr, s.pl. A famUy of laVgc birds' lA.vrALisM. taa'-td-l,zm, s. The act of tantaliziug, a iciising by the hope oi good which is not atiaiiiabie Ta.vtalite, lan-hi-iifi!, S. A miiierai called columbite Ian 1 ALIZATION, tan-td-li-za'-shun, s. The act of tan. tullzlllg. Tani auze, tan'-tti-lize, v.a. To torment by preventinr some good to the view, and e.vcitiiig desire to tense 1 antacizer, tan'-tii-li-zer, s. One who tantalises. Ia.ntalizing, lan-ta-U'-zing, ppr. or a. Teasiag or tor- mentuig ;—^ad. TantaLizingly. Tantalum, tan’-ta-lum, 6. A metal, now celled colum- bium. TANTALUS t 793 ] TASK Tantjlltjs, tarC-tii~luSy%. In myth., a Lydian king, who was condemned to be plunged in water, with choice fruits hanging over him, without the power of reach- ins them.—In soo/., a genus of birds,the Ibis.— Tanta^ .us-riip, i!» a jjl\ili)sopiiicul toy which amusingly ex¬ hibits the princi^jle of the siphon. Tant.\moi:ni', tan'-tn-viotcnt, a. Equivalent in value tir siynification [great speed. Tantivy , tan'-tiv-e, ad. To ride tontivy, is to ride with fANTi.tNG, laiU'-ling, s. One seized witli the hope of pit asure unattainable. [humour. Iantrims, tan'-Lrumz, s.pi. Whims, bursts of lU- Tanystoma, tan-is'-to-mfi, s.pl. A family oi dipterous insects. Ta.i*, tiij), v.a. or v.n. To touch gently: to strike a gf-ntle blow \ to pierce <.‘r broach a cask ; to open a ca.'^k and draw liquor, to box, or bore into, — s. A gentle b ow ; a spile or pipe for drawing liquor from a cask. —a Inmse wlu-re liquois are retailed.—Tup-rooi, tiie root of a plant which pene¬ trates deep Into the ground. Tape, tone, 8. A narrow fillet or band.—2rtpe-4m«, a painted tape marked with inches, &c,,used in measur¬ ing.—rapfi-teornt, a worm bred in the human intes¬ tines ; the parenchymatous entozoa of the tenioid family. ,, ^ , Taper, ta' per, s. A small wax-candle, [pyramidical. _a. Regularly narrowed toward the pomt; conical; — v.n. 'I’o become gradually smaller toward one end. — v.a. To make gradually smaller in diameter. Tapering, ta'-per-ing, ppr. 'Or a. Hccoming regularly smaller in diameter toward one end ad. Tapenngly. Tai'ernkss, tn* j}er->ies,s. The state of being taper. Tapestry, top'-es-tre, s. A kind of woven hangings, often enriched with representations of figures of men, animals, landscapes. &c. — v.a. To adorn with tapestry. . Tapet, tap'-et, s. Worked or figured stuff. [kind. Tapeti, A South African animal of the hare Tapir, ’ s A quadruped found in South America and Sumatra. Tapis, td' pis, or s. Tapistry, once the cover of a couni'U table.— Upon the ui/n.s, under con.^idcration. Tapioca, ^ap-e-o'-ko, s. The p^-pular name of the fecuia obtained by m raping and washing the roots of the cassava or cassaia plant. Tappits tirfi'-pets, s.pl. The small levers connected wiUi the v alves of the cylinder of a steam-engine. Tapster, tap'-ster, s. One whobC business is to draw Taic s A thick, impure resinous substance, of a dark-brown or blacK colour, (obtained from pine and fir-irces; a saihn'.—Mineral /nr,a soft, native bitumen. ^Tar-water, a cold infusion of lar in water. — V a To smear with tar , to stimulate. Tarantcla. ta-ran'-tu-l*'-rc-rtns, s. Atarrying; delay; lateness. Tarrieu, tar'-re er, s. One who tarries or delays; a dug. .Sec Terrier. Tarrock, tar'-rok, s. .4 sea-fowl, a species of gull. Tarry, ier'-re, v.n. To stay or remain in a place; to wait; to delay ; to abide, or loiter. — X V a. To wait for. Tarry, ^dr'-re, a. Consisting of or like tar. Tarrying, ^rtr'-re-tur/, s. Delay. 'rARSAL, far*-sal, m Pertaining to the tarsus. Tarse. fdrse, s. The tar>us, M'iiich sec. Tarsel. fdr'-sel, s. A male haw'k. Tarsi, idr'-si, s.pl. The ieet in insects, which are aiti- culated, and formed of joints. Tarsus, tdr'-sus, s. That part of the foot to which the leg is articulated, the irout of which is culled the ■instep. Tart, tart, a. Acid ; sharp to the taste. [on paste. — s A species of pie or pav-try, consisting of fruit 1 aked Taki'an,/ dr'-^a7i, s. clicckered worsted stufl', with tlireiids of various colours ; a small coasting vessel of the Mediterranean, will) one m.iiit. Tartar, tur'-tnr, s. An acid, concrete salt.— Crwrte tartar, used in assaying ores, is called a7'yal or argol. The tartar of wini‘8 is common cieain of tai'tar ; the concretion which iiiciusts tne teeth ; a pcivon of a keen, irriiable temper , a native of Tariary.— catch a Tartar, to lay hold of or encounier a person Avho proves too sir<»ng for the assailanl.— 'Tartar emetic, & double sail, consisiing of tartaric acid in combination with potassa and protoxide of antimony. Tartarean, tar-ta-re-an, a. Hellish; pertaining to Tartarus. [bliug tartar. Tartareous, fdr-ta'-re^us, a. Consisting of or resem- TartariC, fdr-tar'-ik, a. Ihwtaining to Tariary, in Asia.— Tarta^'ic acid, ihe acid of tartar. [pofa>sa Tartaiun, fdr*-((i-rin, s. Fixed vegetable alUaii or Tartarinated, fdr'-iar-e-na-ted, a. Combined with tariarin. [tartar. Taktarization, tdr-tor^e-za'-shun, 8. Act of lorining Tartakize. tdr'-tar-ize, v.a. To impregnate with tartar. Tartarizbd, tdr'-tar-iz'd, pp. or a. Impregnated with tjLTtar. [taking of its qualities. Tar tarods, tdr'-tar-ns, a. Consisting of tartar, or par- Tahtarcm, tar'-tnr-7i7n, s. A preparation of tartar, called petrihvd tartar. Tartarus, (dr'-tar-tes, s. In the infernal regions. T.ARTISH, tciri'-tsA, a. Soniewliat tart. Tartly, tdrt'-le, ad. Sharply ; with acidity ; severely. Taktness, fdrf-nes, s. Acidity ; sharpness to the taste; niquanev of language or manner. Tauiralate,/ dr' t7'd-late,s. A compound of tartralic acid with a salifiable base. Tar I rate, /di*'-fi fl/e, s, A salt formed by the combina¬ tion of tiiriaric ai id w ith a base. Tar i'romkth ^ LATE, / ur-tro-'nieth’ •€■ late, s. A compound of tinrate of oxide of metliule with a base. TAUinoviNit ACID, fdr-t7-o-vi7i'-ik as'-sid, s. An acid composed of tai’taric acid in combination with the el(■menl^ of ether Tartcfee, [Fr.) A hypocritical devotee. TAR'i cFKi>H,-t tiir-tuf-ish, A. Preci''e ; hypc'Ciuical. Task, /d\it,s busine ss impos'd l^y another . burdensome emph'vmeiit.— To take to task, to reprove . to lepri- mand.—2V//iA--r«.rts«er, one who imposes a task, or burdens w ith labour. — v.a. To assign a definite amount of Dusiness OJ labour; to burden with eom© employment. TASKER [ 7d4, ] TEA&UE TAffua, tUtk'-er, 8. One who Imposes a task. Tassel, taf -sel, s. A sort of pendant ornament attached to the corners of cushions or curtains; a small ribbon of silk sewed to a book.—In building, tassels are pieces of board that lie under the mantle-tree; a burr; a male hawk. [sels. Tasselled, ta^-teVdf a. Furnished or adorned with tas- Tas8E8, tas'-ae», s. Armour for the thighs. Tastable, ta'~$id-bl, a. That may be tasted ; savoury. Taste, tayst, v.a. To perceive by the tongue and palate; to try by eating a little; to essav first; to nave pleasure from; to experience ; to relish intel¬ lectually ; to enjoy. — v.n. To try by the mouth; to eat or drink ; to have a smack ; to try the relish of anything; to have per¬ ception of i to enjoy sparingly. — s. The act of tasting; gustation; savour; relish; intellectual relish; judgment; discernment, particu¬ larly in the tine arts and belles lettres^ style; a small portion given as a specimen; a little piece tasted or eaten. Tasteful, a. Having a high relish, or pos¬ sessed of good taste ;—ad. Tastefully; —s. Tasiefulness. Tasteless, tayst'-les, a. Having no taste; insipid ; i- having no intellectual gust;—ad. Tastelessly ; —s. Tastelessness. [a dram cup. Taster, tayst'-er, s. One who first tastes food or liquor; Tasting, tayst-ing, s. Act of perceiving by the tongue. Tastt, ta'-ste, a. Having a good taste, or nice percep¬ tion of excellence ; elegant;—ad. Tastily. Tatta, tat'-ta,^. In India, o. bamboo frame or trellis over which water is suffered to trickle with a view of cooling the air. Tatter, tat'-tery v.a. To rend or tear into rags. — s. A rag, or a part tom and banging to the thing, ciiiefly used in the plural. [low. Tatterdemalion, tai-ter-de~maV-yun, s. A ragged fel- Tattered, tat'-terd, pp. or a. Rent; torn. Tattle, tat'-tl, v.n. To prate; to talk idly; to commu¬ nicate secret^ — 8. Prate; idle talk or chat. Tattle*.!, taf-ler, s. An idle talker; one who tells tales. Tattlery, tat'-ler-e, s. Idle talk or chat. Tattling, taf-ling, ppr. or a. Given to idle talk ; apt to tell tales aa. Tattlingly. Tattoo, s. A beat of drum at night, giving notice to soldiers to repair to their quarters ; figures on the body, made by punctui-es and stains. — v.a. To prick the skin, and stain the punctured spots with a coloured fluid. [and figures on the body. Tattooed, tat-tood', pp. or a. Marked by stained lines Tattooing, tat-too'-xng , s. The operation or practice of pricking the skin and staining the punctured spots with a coloured substance. Taught, tawt, a. Tight; stretched ; not slack. — pret. and pp. of the verb to teach. Taunt, t'dnt, v.a. To reproach with severe or insulting words; to revile. — 8. Bitter or sarcastic reproach, insulting invective. — a. Among seamen, very high or tali, as the masts of a ship. Taunter, t'dn'-ter^ s. One who reproaches or upbraids. Taunting, t'dnt'-xng, ppr. or a. Treating with severe reflections; insulting; scoflQng ad. Tauntingly. Tauricornoub, taw-re-kawr'-nus, a. Having horns like a bull. [bull. Tauriform, taw'-re-faterm, a. Having the form of a Taurine, tauZ-rine, a. Relating to a bull. Taurocol, taw' ro-kol, s. A gluey substance made from a bull’s hide. Taurus, tauZ-rus, s. The Bull ; the second in order of the twelve signs of the zodiac, containing the Pleiades, Myades, and other remarkable constellations.—The Linaaean name of the species to which the common bull or ox and cow belong. Taut, a. Tight. Taught. Tautochrone. taic'-to-krone, s. A curve line of such property that a heavy body descending along it will always arrive at the lowest point in the same time. 1’autolite taw'-to-lite, s. A velvet-black mineral occurring in volcanic feldspathic rocks. [thing. Tautological, taxv-to-los'-e-kal, a. Repeating the same Tautologize, taw-tol'-o-jize, v.n. To repeat the same thing in different wor^. Tautolooous, taw~tol'-o-gu4, a. Tautological. Tautology, taw-toV-o je, s. A repetition of the same meaning in different words; needless repetition; whence Tautologist. Tautofhonical, taw-to-fon'^e-kal, a. Repeating the same sound. [souna Tautophony, taw-tof'~o-nt, s. A repetition of the same Tavern, tax/^ern, s. A house licensed to sell liquors to be drunk on the Tavern-haunter , one who fre¬ quents taverns; a tippler.— Tavern-keeper, one who keeps a tavern. Taverninq, taxf-er-ning, s. A feasting at taverns. Taw, v.a. To dress white leather for gloves, «Src., by imbuing skins with alum, salt, and other matters. — s. A marble to be played with. [finery Tawdbiness, taxe'-dre-nes, s. Tinsel in dress ; excessive Tawdry, a. Very fine and showy in colours without taste or elegancead. Tawdrily — 8. A slight ornament. [leather. Tawed, tnwd, pp. or a. Dressed and made wliiie,a8 Tawer, tauf-er, s. A dresser of white leather. Taw'ery, fatc'-er-c, 6. A place where skins are tawed or dyed with alum. Tawing, tauZ-ing,^. The art and o|^ration of preparing skins, and forming them into white leather. Tawny, taxe'-ne, a. Of a yellowish-dark colour, like persons who are sun-bumed. Tawniness, taio'-ne-nes, s. The quality of being ta■^vlly. Tax, inks, s. A rate or sum of money assessed on person or property, to defray the expenses of the couuti’y or of a corporation, society, parish, or company; im¬ post ; tribute. — v.a. To lay, impose, or assess upon citizens a certain sum ; to charge; to censm’e ; to accuse. Taxability, taks-h-hil'-e-te, s. State of being taxable. Taxable, iaks’-h-bl, a. That may be taxed; liable by law to the assessment of taxes ;—ad. Taxably s. Taxableness. Taxace^, taks-a'-se-e, s.pl. In hot., a natural order of Gyianogens, of which the Tasxis, or Yew-tree, is the type, consisting of trees or shrubs with continuous unarticulated branches. Taxation, taks-a’-shun, s. The act of laying a tax, sum imposed ; charge —In law, the act of taxing or assessiiig a bill of cost. Taxed, takst, pp. or a. Rated ; assessed. Taxer, taks'-er, s. One who taxes.—At Cambridge, an officer whose duty is to gauge weights anffimeasures. Taxicorns, taks'-e-kawx-m, s.pl. A family of coleopter¬ ous insects. Taxidehmic, taks-e-der'-xnik, a. Belonging to the art of preparing and preserving the skins of animals. Taxidermy, taks'-e-der-mt, s. The art of preparing and preserving the skins of animals for cabinets, so as to represent their natural appearance; whence Taxidex'xxnst. Taxing, taks'-ixxg, s. The act of laying a tax ; taxation. Taxonomy, taks-on'-o-me, s. That depaiiment of natural histoiw which treats of the laws and principles of classification. Tea, tee, a. The dried leaves of the tea-tree, or genus thea, the produce of China and the East; a decoction or infusion of tea-leaves in boiling water.— Tea-board, a board to put tea furniture on.— Tea-canister , a box in which tea is Vie'pi.—Tea-cur a small cup in which tea is drank.— Tea-dealer merchant who sells teas. -Tea-drinker, one who-drinks much Tea-pot, a vessel with a spout, in which tea is made.— Tea- saucer, a small saucer in which a tea-cup is set.— Tea-spoon, a small spoon used in drinking tea and coffee.—Tfci-frtdZe, a table on wliich tea furniture is set.—Tea-tirn, a vessel in the form of a vase, for sup¬ plying heatea water for tea. — v.n. To take or drink tea. Teach, v.a.; pret. and pp. taught. To instruct, to inform ; to deliver insumetion; to give intelU gence; to make familiar. — v.n. To practise giving instruction ; to perform the business of a preceptor. — s. In sugar-works, the last boiler. Teachable,- i teetch'-d-h\, a. That may be taught, apt to learn ; docile. Teachableness, teetch'-h-bUneS , s. Quality of being capable, of receiving instmetion ; docUity; aptness to learn. Teacher, Zref.'A'-er, s. One w'ho teaches or Instructs, a preceptor; a tutor; a preacher; a minister of the Gospel. [structing • instractioR. Teaching, teetch’-ixig , s. The act or buBinee* of in- Teachless, teetch'-les, a. XJnteachable ; indocile, Tead,$ teed, s. A torch ; a flambeau. Teague, s An Irishman. {In contempt.) / TEAK C 795 3 tell-tale Txak, teek, s. A tree of tlie East Indies, teetonxa pronrfts, which furnishes an abundance of yaluahle sliip-timber. [to the common duck. Teal, teel, s. A web-footed water-fowl, nearly allied Team, teem^ s. Two or more horses, oxen, or other beasts harnessed together for drawing; ta long line. —Team-work, work done by a team of horses or cattle. — v.a. To join together in a team. Teamster, teem'-ster, s. One who drives a team. ^ Tear, s. A drop or small quantity of the limpid Iluid secreted by tlws lachrymal gland, and flowing from the eyes.— Tear‘falling, shedding tears.— Tear- filled, tilled with tears. Tear, tare, v.a., pret. tore; pp. torn; old pret. To separate by violence; w rend; to lacerate; to shatter ; to pull with violence.—To tear from, to sepa¬ rate and take away by force.— To tear off, to pull off by violence.— To tear up, to rip up. — v.n. To rave; to rage; to rant; to move and act with violence. — 6. A rent or fissure. Tearer, tare’-er, s. One who tears or rends anything; one who rages with violence. [shedding tears. Tearful, teer'-ful, a. Abounding with tears; 'weeping; Teaulbss, teer'-les, a. Shedding no tears; without tears; unfeeling. Tease, teeze, v.a. To comb or card, as wool or flax ; to scratch, as cloth in dressing; to vex with impor¬ tunity or impertinence ; to harass or annoy. Teasel, tee'-zl, s. A plant of the genus dipsacus (Fuller’s Thistle), the heads or burs of which are employed in dressing woollen cloth; the bur of the piant- — v.a. To cut and gather teasels. Teaseller, tee'-sel-er, s. One who uses the teasel for raising a nap on cloth. Teaser, teez'-er, s. One who teases or vexes. Teat, teet, s. The projecting part of the female breast; the nipple; the dug of a beast. Teathe, teethe, s. The sbil, manure, or fertility left on lands by feeding them. {Local.) — v.a. To feed and enrich by live stock. iLocal.) Teazle, s. Teasel, which see. ^ Tebeth, teb'-eth, s. The tenth month (December) of the Jewish ecclesiastical year. Techilv, tetch'-e-le, ad. Peevishly; fretMy. Techinbss, tetch'-e-nes, s. Peevishness; fretfulness. Technical, tek'-ne-kal, a. Pertaining to art or the arte; belonging to a particular professionad. Techntcalhj. Teciinicalness, tek'-ne-kal-nes,) s. Quality or state of Technicality, tek-ne-kal'-e-te^ j being technical. Technics, tek'-niks, s. The doctrine of arts in general; such branches of learning as respect tlie arts. ^c *T.. ff'k-.lo-loi'-e-kdl, a. IPertainins Technological, tek-no-lo/~e-kalf a. Pertaining to tech¬ nology, or to the arts. . . , Technology, tek-nol'~o-je, s. A description of arts, or a treatise on the aits ; an explanation of the terms of art: ivhence Tec/moiogriSi. [correctly, (owcfty.) Techy, ieii'A'-e, a. Peevish ; fretful; irritable. (.More Tectibra.ychiates, tek-te-hran'-ke.-ates, s.pl. An order of gasiropodous mollusks, having the branchiae or gills covered more or less by the mantle. Tectonic, icit-ion'-iA;, a. Pertaining to building. . Tectrices, tek'-ti-e-seejs, s.pl. The feathers of a hu'd YVhich cover the quill feathers and other parts of the ^ving. [and converting, into hay. Ted fed, v.a. To spread new-mowed grass for drying Tedder, ted'-der, s. A rope or chain by which an ani¬ mal is tied ; that by which one is restrained, — v.a. To tie with a tedder; to permit to teed to the length of a Tope or chain. . Tedious, te'-de-us, a. Tiresome from prolixity ; slow ; wearisome; fatiguing;—ad. Tediously ; —s. Teaiousness. Tedidm, te'-de-unijS. Irksomeness; wearisomeness. Teem, teem, v.n. To bring forth, as young ; to be preg¬ nant ; to be fall; to be prolific. — -t- v.a. To produce ; to bring forth. Tbbmer, Uenf-er, s. One who biiugs forth young. lEEiirut, teem'-fut, a. Pregnant; prolific [ brimful. Teemino, teem'-mg, ppr. or a. Producing young; fruitful. . Teemlebs, tet.K’-les, a. Not fruitful or prohfle ; barren. Tees,! (cm, s. Grief; sorrow. — iv.a. To excite ; to provoke. . Te.ens, teenz, s.pl. The years of one’s age beginning wuth thirUm, and ending with nineteen. Teeth, (ce(ii«, s.; pi. of tooth, which see.—In the. teeth, in direct opposition. Teeth, V41. To breed teeth. Teething, teethe '- ing , $. The operation or process of the first growth of tfeeth ; dertition. Teetotaler, te-io'-tal-er, s. One pledged to entire abstinence from aU intoxicating drinks; whence Teetotaliem. Teetotum, te-to'-tum, 8. A child’s toy somewhat resem ¬ bling a top, and twirled by the fingers. Teg, teg, s. See Tag. [tile. Tegular, teg'-yu-lar, a. Pertaining to or resemhlmg a Tegularly, ieg'-yu-iar-le, ad. In the manner of tiles on a roof. . ,, Tbqumenv, tef-yu-metit, s. A cover or covermg, as the Yving of an orthopterous insect, &c. teguments. Tequmentart, teg-yu-nien'-th-re, a. Pertaining to Tehee, te-he', 8. A sound made in laughing. Teil, teel, \ 8. The Ume-tree, otherwise called Teil-tree, teeV-tree, j the linden. Teinds, teends, s.pl. In Scotland, tithes. Teinoscope, ti'-no-skope, s. An optical instrument formed by combining prisms in a particular manner. Teint, tint, s. Colour ; tinge. See Tint. Telamones, tel-d-mo'-nez,s.'p\. Figui’es of men support¬ ing entablatures, as caryatides of women. Telarv, tel'-d-re, a. Pertaining to a web. Telegram, tel'-e-gram, s. A message or despatch to a distance by telegraph, which see. Telegraph, tel'-e-graf, s. A mechanical apparatus for rapidly communicating intelligence to any distance, formerly effected by signc^ls, but now done through the agency of electro-magnetic wires, by which words and sentences are rapidly conveyed from one station to another, however distant. The Electric Telegraph consists of three essential parts, the battery, or sources of electrical power; the wire, or channel through which that power is conveyed ; and the instrument by which the electricity gives its signals. A variety of telegraphs have been introduced; the Indicator Telegraph, which conveys its signals by the movements of pointers, or indicators.—The Type¬ printing Telegraph, the Symbol-printing Telegraph, and the Chemical-printing Telegra 2 ihs. — v.a. To convey or announce telegraph. Telegraphic, tel-e-graf'-ik, a. Pertaining to or com¬ municated by a telegraph ad. Telegraphically.^ Trlegraphv, te-leg'-ru-fe, s. The an or practice of communicating intelligence by a telegraph. _ Teleological, te-le-o-loj'-e-kal, a. Per tain i n g to teleology. Teleology, te-le-oV-o-je, s. The science of the final causes of things. . , . • Teleosaurus, tel-e-o-saw'-rus, 8. A genus of fossil saw- rians, with long aiid narrow snoute. Telephonic, tel-e-fon'-ik, a. Far sqund.ing. Telescope, teV-e-skope, 8. An optical instrument em¬ ployed in viewing distant objects, especially the heavenly bodies; the essential parte of which are the object glass and speculum, and the eye-gli^s. The Seracheiian telescope, invented by Sir \% . Herschell, has only one speculum. Newtonian telescope ^ reflecting telescope of the form invented by I. Newton, in which the image is reflected by a plane mirror to the eye through one side ot tlie tube, where it is viewed by the eye-eiass.—Telescope-sheU, in conch., a species of turbo, with plane, striated, and numerous spires. [—ad. Tdescopically. Telescopic, tel-e-skop*~ik,SL. Pertaining to a telescope ; Telesia, te-le'-zhe-h, s. Sapphire. • , Telesm, tel'-ezm, s. A kind ol amulet or magical charm. Tblesmatic, tel-ez-mat'-ik, a. Pertaining to telesms; magical. . .• v Telbs^tich, teV-e-stik, s. A poem m which the final letters of the lines make a name. Telic, tel'-ik, a. Denoting the final end or purpose.- Tell, icL v.a.; pret. and pp. told. To utter; to express in words; to communicate to others; to relate parti¬ culars ; to count; to number ; to confess or acknow¬ ledge.- -Tell is much used in commands ; as, tell me ail — V.n. 10 give ail ftci.ii.'UAiL, vv i^i^w A Tell-tale, fei'-iaZe, a. Telling tales; babblmg. — s. One who officiously commimicates information of the private concerns of individuals.—In seamanshtp, the dial-plate at the wheel, showing the position of the tiller —In music, a movable pidce of ivory or lead attached to an organj to apprize the performer in what degree the wind is exhausted. TELLER [ 79G ] TEROH rBLLEA, tei'~ler One who tells, relates, or comniuni- catea. the knowedge of something one who numbers. —A Tt'iler oj' the Exchequer is one whose business is to receive all moneys due t" the crown ; an othcer of a bank who receives and pays money on checks. Tem.brship, s. The office or employment of a teller. Tellinid^, ti‘l~lin'-e-de, s.pl. A family of bivalve mol- iusks, of whieli the Tellina is the type. Tj-hLivnE, tel' -le-yiite, 8. A foasil bivalve shell of the genus tellina. Tellcral, tel'-lu-ral, a. Pertaining to the earth. Tellvrate tel'-lu-rate,6. A compound of telluric acid and a base. Tellcretted, tel'-lu-reUted,E.. Impregnated with tellu¬ rium, as telluretted hydrogen is hydrogen combined with tellurium in a gaseous form. Tellcric, tel-lu’-rik, a. Pertaining to the earth.—Tel- inric acidy an acid composed of one equivalent of tellurium and three of oxygen. Tellchiun, tel-lu'-i e-un, s. An instrument for showing the obliquity of the earth’s axis,and the causes which produce the succession of day and night and the ciianges of the seasons. [and a base. Tellchite, rel'-iu-ritey s. A compound of lellurous acid Tellurium, 8. A metal combined w'ith gold and silver in the ores, and nearly as heavy as zinc. Tellukous acid, tel'-lu-rus os'-sid, 8. An acid composed of one equivalent of tellurium and three of oxygen. Temerarious, tem-e-ra’-re-us, a. Rash; headstrong; done at random ;—ad. Temerariotisly. Temerity, te-mer'-e-tey 8. Unreasonable contempt of danger; rashness. Temper, tem'-jjer, v.a. To bring to a moderate state; to mingle ; to qualify ; to make fit; to soften or mol¬ lify , to form 10 a proper degree of hardness. — s. Due mixture of different qualities; the state or con>titutioii of the mind; dispo.'^itiou ; temperament; moderation , Irritation ; the slate of a metal, particu¬ larly as to its Inirdness. Temperament, tem'-per-A-niejit, s. Constitution ; state >vitn respect to the predominance of any quality ; due mixture of different q lalities. TEMPEaAMENTAL,tfc<« per-(i-7nen'-ialy3L. Constitutional. Temperance, tern'-per~anSy s. Moderation; sobriety; patience ; calmness ; sedateness. Temperate, tem'-per-a!€, a. Moderate ; not excessive ; absteuiious ; sober ; free from ardent passion.— Tvmi- peraU zoney in geog., the name of those parts of the earth between the tropics and the polar circles;— ad. Temperately ; —6. Tanperatenesa. Temperative, tem'-per-u-tiVy a. Having the power or quality of tempering. Pemperature, tem'-per-d-turey s. Constitution of na¬ ture ; state ; degree of any quality ; moderation.—In physica, the state of a body with regard to heat or cold, as indicated by the thermometer ; or tiie degree of free caloric wliich a body possesses when compared with other bodies. Tempered, tem'-perdy pp. or a. Duly mixed or modified ; softened, or allayed ; hardened ; dL'posed. Tempest, tern'-peaty s. A rushing current of wind ; a storm of extreme violence; perturbation; violent agitation.-beaten or shattered with storms.—tossed about by tempests, v.a. To disturb as by a tempest. — v.n. To storm ; to pour a tempest on. Tempestive, tem-pes'-tiv, a. Seasonable. Tempestivitt,$ tem-pes-tiv'-e-te,s. Seasonableness. Tempestuous, tem-pest'-yu-us, a. Very stormy ; turbu¬ lent; blowing with violenoi^;—ad. Tempestuously ;— 8. Tempestuouaness. Templar, tem’-plar, s. A student of the \ayr.—Templar a, or kuighta of the Temple, was a religious military order, first established at Jerusalem, in favour of pil¬ grims travelling to the Holy Land. Template, tem’-platey s. See Templet. Temple, tem'-ply s. A public edifice erected in honour of some deity; a church; an edifice erected among Christians as a place of public worship —In London, the consists of two inns of court, chiefly in- babiied by lawyers, and so callea because iliey were anciently the dwellings of the knights Templars.—In anat., the anterior and lateral part of toe head, w'here the skull U covered by the temporal muscles. —r v.a. To build a temple for. [temple. TBnpiJU), tern'-pl'dy a. Furnished with or enelosed in a Iemplet, te7n*-plety8. In tnaaonry, a mould used by bricklayers anu masons in cutting or setting out their work , a mould used by mill w rigiits for shaping the teeth of wheels.-Among builders, a short piece of timber under a girder or other beam. I Tempo, teiuf pOy s. (lial.) In muaiCy time .—Tempos giusto, exact time. Temporal, teui'-po-ral, a. Pertaining to this life, or this world ; secular; having limitea existence, per¬ taining to the temple or temples of the head.—In gram., relating to a tense, as, a temporal augment. Tempora/.ities, tem-po-ral'-e-teZy I s.pl. Secular posses- Tempouals^ tem'-po ralzy j sions, revenues ol an t cclcsiastical cominunitj’. Temporalness, t tetn'-po-ral-nes, s. Worldliness ad. Temporally , with i*es<'-ect to time, or this life only. TEMPORALTv,t tcm'-pQ-rci'te, s. The laity; secular possessions. TpMPoRANEOuSji* tem-po-ra'-ne-uSya. Temporary. Tempoharv, ^em'-/Jo-rar-e, a. Lasting for a time only ; transient.; fleeting;—ad. Tempoi'arily ; —s. Temporari¬ ness. [porizing. Temporization, i«m-pb-re-aa'-sAtm, 8. The act of tem- Temporize, lem'-po-rize, v.n. To comply with the time or occasion ; to humour or yield to the current of Opinion ; to delay. Tp:mporizek, tem'-po-ri zer, 8. One who yields to the time, or complies with prevailing opinions; a trimmer. TEMPoRiziNG, tem’-po-ri-zing, ppr. or a. Complying witu the time, or with prevailing opinions ;—ad. Te^npo- rizingly s. A yielding to the time, or complying with prevailing opinions. Tempt, v.a. To incite to something wrong; to provoke; to solicit; to draw ; to entice; to allure. Temptable, temp’-td-bl, a. Liable to be tempted. Temptation, teinp-ta'-shun, s. The act of tempting, enticement to evil; state of being tempted ; trial. Temptationless, t temp-taf-shun-les, a. Having no temptation or motive. Temp'I'kd, temp'-ted, pp. Enticed to evil; tried. Tempter, 8. One who solicits or entices to evil; the great adversary of man ; the devil. Tempting, ie^np’-ting, ppr. Enticing to evil; trying, — a. Adapted to entice or allure; attractive;—ad. Temptingly ; —s. Temptingness. 'Temptress, temp'-tres^ s. A female who entices. Temsk,$ femi, s. A sieve.—bread made of flour better sifted tlian common flour. TEMULENCE-t tcm'-yu-lefis, 8. Intoxication. TEMOLENT,j tem'-yu-lent, a. Intoxicated. Tbmulentive,J tem'-yu-Len-tiv, a. Drunken ; in a state of inebriation. Ten, ten, a. 'Twice five ; nine and one. Tenable, ten'-d-bl,a. That may be held, maintained, or defended against an assailant. Tenableness, » s. The state of being TEHABiiAT'i, ten-d-bil'-e-te, j tenable. Tenace, teu'-ase, 6. In whist, the state of holding the first and third best cards. Tenacious, te-nn'-shusy a. Holding fast, or Inclined to hold fast; retentive; adhesive; apt to adhere to another substance;—ad. Tenaciously s. Teuneious- _ [stickiness. Tenacity, te-nas'-e-te, s. Adhesiveness ; glutinousncss; Tenaculum, ie-naft'-t/tt-fwm, s. A surgical iiisirument by wluch the mouths of bleeding aiueries are seized and drawn out. Tenacy,$ ten*-a-8e, s. Tenaciousness. Tenaillej ie-naie', 8. lD*/ori., a rampart raised in the mam ditch, in front of the curtain, between two bastions. Tenaillon, te-naV-yun, s. In fort., a work constructed on each side of the ravelins, to increase their strength. [tenement* Tenancy, ten'-an-se, s. In law, a holding of lands Tenant, ten*-ant, s. A person holding land or other real estate imder another ; a dwefier .—in capite, or tenant in chief, is one who holds, by feudi tenure, immediately of the sovereign. — v.a. To hold or possess as a tenant. Tenantable, ten'-ant-d-bly a. In a state of repair suitable for a tenant, [by a tenant Tenanted, ten'-ant-ed, pp. of the verb to tena>a. Held Tenantless, ten'-ant-les, a. Having no tenant; un occupied. Tena.ntrt, ten'-ant-re, s. The body of tenants. Tench, tenHh, s. A fresh-water fish, of the car® family. TEND [ 797 ] TEPID Tsnd, v.a To watch ; to guai4 ; to be attentive to.—To tend a vessel, is to (Tause her to swing, at single anchor, so as not to foul. — v.n. To move in a certain direction ; to aim at; to contribute. [expectation. Tendance,$ ten'-danSy s. Attendance ; state of Tended, temP-ed, pp. of the verb to tend. Tendkncy, ten' dense, s. Direction or course toward any place, object, eifecl, or result. incluiatlon. Tender, ten'-dei'y a. Kasily impressed, broken, bruised, or injured , nut firm or liard ; weak ; feeble, delicate; effeminate ; susceptible of the softer pussiems , ea.sily excited to pity , gentle ; iwilil.—Tender hearted, having great seu>ii)ility ; very susceptible of the sotter pas¬ sions.—susceptibility of the softer passions —a tender part of flesh in the nind-quaitor of beef; the psoas muse e.— Tenuer- monthed, having a tender mouth ad Tenderly. — v.a To offer in words , to exhibit or present for acceptajjce; to offer in payment or saiistacLion of a demand. — s. One who attends or takes care of; a small vessel employed to attend a larger one, for supplying her with prtjvisions and other stores.—On radronds., a car which attends on the locomotive, to supply the fuel.—In lawy an offer, either of money to pay a debt, or of service to be performed, in_ order to save a penally or forfeiture ; in muse ; jikind regard. Tendered, ten'-derd, pp of the verb to tender. Tenderling, ten'-der-ling,- s. A fondling; one made tender by too much kindness; tiie first h(jrns of a deer. Tenderness, te?P-d€r-nes, s. The state of being tender or easily broken, bmised, or injured ; softness ; brit¬ tleness ; sensibility ; kind attention ; benignity ; humanity. [service. Tend rs, ten'-derzy s.pl. Proposals for performing a Tending, ten’-ding. s. The act of allemling.—In sea¬ men's language, a swinging round or movement of a ship upon her anchor. Tendinous, ten'-de-nus, a. Pertaining to a tendon, full of tendons : sinewy. Tend.mknt,$ s. Attendance ; care. Tendon, ten'-duiiy s. In anai., a hard, insensible cord or bundle of fibres, by which a muscle is attached to a bone. Ten DRAG, See Tenrec. Tendril, ten'-dril, 8. A slender, twining part, by which a plant attaches itself to something for support. — a. Clasping ; climbing, as a tendril, Tendsome, ien’-Bum, a. Requiring much attendance. Tenebrous, ten'-e-t^ns, la. Dark, gluomy;—s. Tene- Tenebrious, te-ne'-bre-us,i briousness and Tenebrvsity. Tenement, ten'-e-menty s. A building for habitation ; or an apartmenl in a building, used by one family.— Di laxvy any spc'cies of permanent property, as land, houses, rents, &c. Tenemental, ^e7t-e-^Me^t'-^fl^, a. Pertaining to tenanted lands [leased ; held by tenants. Tenementart, ^e7i-e-7»e7i^-^ tv,rpp ^ Terqeminods, ter-je7n'-e-9iuSy ) - o . Tergiferous, ter-jif'-e-rusy a. Carrying on the back; applied to plants that hear their seeds on the back of their leaves, as ferns. Tergiversate, ter'-je-ver-satey v.n. To practise evasion. Tergiversation, ter-je-ver-saf-shurif s. A shifting ; sub¬ terfuge ; evasion. [abdomen. Tergum, ter'-gnniy 8. In entom.y the upper surface of the Term, term, s. A limit; a limited or set space of time ; a hound, or boundary; the extremity of auytliing.— In law, the limitaiion of an estate ; the time in which a court is held or open for the trial of causes. There are four terms in the yea^ called Hilaiy, Easter, Trinity, and Michaelmas, from the festivals near which they begin.—In universities and colleges, the time during which instruction is given to students.— In the arts, a word or expression that denotes some¬ thing peculiar.—In logic, a syllogism embracing three terms, the major, the minor, and the middle.—In arch., a kind of pillar or column, adorned on the top with a figure.—in a^^., a member of a compound quantity. —Among physicians, the monthly uterine secretion of females.—In eofitracis, terms are certain conations stated or promises made.— Term-Jee, among lawyers, a fee or certain sum charged to a suitor for each teim his cause is in court. — v.a. To name ; to denominate. [tuousness. Termaoancy, ter-md-gan-se, 8. Turbulence: tumul- Termagant, ter'-md-gant, a. Tumultnous; tui’bulent; —ad. Termagantly. — 8. A brawling, turbulent woman. Termer, tei-*-mer, s. One who travels to attend a court term; one who has an estate for a term. Termes, ter'-meeZy s. ; pi. Termites. A neuropterous insect, commonly called white ant. Tt:^iNABiE, term'-e-nd-bl, a. That maybe bounded; limitable ;—s. Terminablcness. [of a branch or stem. ERMiNAL, ter'-me-nai, a. In hot., growing at the end erminate, ter^-me-nate, v.a. To set the extreme point or side of a tiling ; to pui an end to; to complete, v.n. To be limited; to end. ERMiNATED,t«r'-tn«-na- earth; terrestrial. Terre-tenant, tare-ten’-ant, 8. One who has the actua I>osseasion of land. Terrb-terte, tare’-vareH, s. A species of olive-green earth or chlorite, used by painters. Teprible, iffr'-re-w, a. Adapted to excite terror; fear¬ ful ; formidable ; dreadfulad. Terribly ;—s. Terri- blcness. Terrier, ter'-re-er, s. A dog or little bound that creep© into the ground after animals known as field vermin; a lodge or hole where certain animals secure them¬ selves ; a book or roll in which the lands of private persons or corporations are described; an auger, or borer. Terrific, ter-rif'-ik, a. Dreadful; causing tenur. Terrify, ter'-re-ji, v.a. To frighten ; to alarm. Tbrbipyino, ter'-re-fi-ing, ppr. or a. Frightening. Terrigenous, ier-rif-e-nus, a. Earth-bom; produced « by the earth. Territorial, ter-re-to'-re-al, a. Pertaining to territory or land ;—ad. Territorially. TERRITORIED [ 799 ] TETRA&TNIA TB 8 T 2 a, $. A.a old coin of the yalne of about sixpence sterling ; also called a Te$tern. Testicle, tes'-te-kl, s. One of the glands Which secrete the seminal fluid in males. [testicle. Tbsticulate, tes-tik'-yU’late, a. In bot., shaped * 1 Testification, The act of testify- W.0 givS per “d’ofihe French revolution, in 1793 and 1794; no. of tHe T Whence TsTTovists. — XtTTOT-imitteiif overwhelmed rsRRiToaiBD, a. Possessed of lands- TEnniTORT, fii.'e, par- radges, quails, &c., of which tlie Teiras. or Gi' Use, is t!j(‘ type. [four di.>tiuct petals r I RATEPALocs, tet-ra-pet' a. Li hot., containing X.: riiAi'HARMACON, tet-fu-fdr’~iiid-kon, 8. A conihinaiiou of wax, resin, lard, and pitch, composing an ointment. Tt rKArn 1 i.i.ocs, a. In having lour leaves or leaflets. 'i'EruAi’LA, teV-rd-pld, s. A llible consisting of four dirtercul vei*sions, arranged in columns. [ruped. Tetkacod, ie£'-r Having lour feet ;—s. A quad- rETRAPTERANs, tt-trap'^tev-am, s.pl. Insects which have four wings;—a. Tetropterous. Tetkarch, te'-trdrkfU. A lioman governor of the fourth part ot a province ; a petty prince ; whence Tttrarch- aie and Tetrmohy ; —a. Tttrarchical. Tetraspasto-n , tei-rn-spas'-tiin, s. A machine in wiiicii to'ir pulleys act togetiier. [seeds. •Tetraso'ermoi s, tet-rd-spt r' a. In hot., having lour Ti-tras I'lcu, te-Iras -lik, &. A stanza, epigram, or poem, consisting of four verses. Tetuasi'^ i.E, ted-rd-slue, s. In ancient arch., a building witii four columns in front. Tetrasvi.i.abek, let-rd-sd'-Ld-bL, s. A word of four syllables ;—a. Tetrasyliainc. Tetricai .4 ‘fid-rik-ul, a. Frow'ard; perverse; crabbed S. Te ricalness and Tetricity. [cutaneous diseases. Teii'er, In paih,A vague name of several — V a 'I'o affect with tJic disease so-ealled. a. Captious, testy. Tec 1 a i'i 3, tew-ia'-te.s, s. In myth., a Celtic divinity. Tecto.nic, a. I'eriaining to the Teutons, a people of Gcimany, or to ilicir language.—ieitiomc oraei, a military and religious order founued in 1190, intended lor tierniuns of noble rank only. 4 v.a. To work , to soften. — ? s Materials for any tiling ; an iron chain. Tewel, fea'-tc »• A pipe or funnel, as lor smoke; an irou pipe in a forge to receive the pipe of a bellows. rEMTAUjJ ie«'-t is wriiien ; a \erse or passage of Scripliire.—a hook containing tlie leading points of a science or branch of learning, aiTanged in order for the use of students.— Texi-nand, a laige hand in writing.— Text-man, a man ready in the qutjtation of texts. — t v.a. ’I'o write, as a text. • Textiee, tekst'-ii, a. Yfoven, or capable of being woven ; as lexliU fabrics. — 8. That wliich is or may be woven. I’exioiual, teks-Lo'-re-al, i . ricxTRiNE, UksP-nn, j I'ertaimng to weaving. Textcal, ieksd-yxt-al, a. Contained in or serving for texts. TisxrcALisT, teksd-yn-al-ist, j s. One well veised .’i Texti AKisT, lekst'-yn-d-risi,^ the Scriptures, and Textcary, teksf'-yu-u-re, i ready at quotation one who aul.ere.s to the tot. [text. Tex ri Ai.i.v, t. A.*/’-yn xd. In accordance with a Texsi k.Kwtek.’it'-yu-d-re, a. Texi-ual; contained in the text, serving a» a text ; auihonUiiive. i.ol texts. Tkxth si. Uksd yn-is ,6. One ready in the quotation Texi c Kh,/tAAf-ya/, s. A wtb, that vv liich is woven, the disposition Oi Che se'crnl parts of any body in ^ conneeiion with each other. Thalkr. 'flu.' German dollar. Thai.ia, tha h'-«, s. In the muse who presided over [‘astoiai and comic poetry.—In a genus oi plants. TaiLUT*, thal'-Hls, c A variety of epidote. Thammcz, tham'-muz, s. The tenth month of the Jew¬ ish civil year.—In myth., the name under which tha Phoenicians worshipped Osiris. Than, than, conj. or M A paiticle denoting compari¬ son, and generally placed after a comparative adjec¬ tive or adverb; as wisdom is better strength. Thane, thane, s. A Saxon title of dignity, formerly held by persons of large territorial possessions ; whence Thanedom, Thaneship, and Thaniige. — Thane-lands, possessions giunted to Thanes. Thank, thank, v.a. To expi ess gratitude for a favour ; to make acknowledgments lor kindness bestowed; sometimes used ironically.— Thaiik-offerimi,dJi otfming made in acknowledgment of mercy—27tMJor<*i- nrss, the state of being thankworthy.—IVtauAwort/iy, deserving tlianks. Thanked, thank', pp. of the verb to thank. Thankful. thank'-/nl, a. Grateful; impressed with a I sense of Kindness received ad. Thank/nily s ' Thankjiiluesa. I Thankless, t.hank'-les, a. Unthankful : ungrateful ad. Thanklessly, —s. Thanklessness. Thanks, th nks, s.pl Expression of gratitude; an acknowiedgincut for favour or kindness received. THANKSi.ivE4 thanks-gii/, v.a. To celebrate or dislin guish by solemn rites. TuANKSorviR, thanks-giv'-er,s. One who gives thanks or acknowledges a kindness. Thanksgiving, thanks-giv'-ing, s. The act of rendqriug thanks or expivssing gratiiiidc for favoui’s or mercies; a public celebi’ation oi Uivii.e goodness. Tharm, thdrin, s. (G^r.) Intestines twisted into a conL That, that, pron. a. Not this, but the other;-pron. rel., wiio or which, relating to an antecedent;—conj. because. Thatch, thatch, s. Straw or other substance- used to cover the roofs of buildings, or stacks of hay or grain. — v.a. To cover with straw, or some similar substance. Thatched, thatchi, pp. or a. Covered with straw or thatch. [thatch hou^es. Thatcher, thad-ch>r, s. One whose occupation is to Thaiching, thni'-ching,^. 'i'lie act or art of covering buildings with tiiatch ; the materials used for this purpose. Thai'matrope, thaw'-md-troite, s. An optical toy or instrument lor showing the duration of an iinpres- sioM of liglu upon the eye after tJie luminous object is witlidrawii. [wonder. THAOMATURiiicAL, thfuc-md-tur'-je-kal, a. Exciting Thaumatdruist, Ihow-md-tnr'-jist, s. One Who dcala ^ in wonders or believes in them. THAUMATUHii us, tJuiio-ind-tui’*-gus, 8. A miracle- worker ; a title given by the Homan Catholics to suine of their eaints. Thai .MATTROY, thau/-md-txir-je, s. The act of per- forhiing something wondf rful. [ice or snow Tha\\ , thaw, v.ii. To melt, dissolve, or become fluid, a* — v.a. To melt; to dissolve. — s- The melting of ice or snow. The,( short, but sniph. long), dcf. art. or a. Denoting a certain person ci thing,*and used before adjectives in the coinparativ»» ami superlative degree; as, the more agieeatle ; the most splendid. Thea, che'-d, s- (Chiu.) The tea-plant, a genus of ^ plants, of the order Ternstroemiacece. See Tea. 'luEANTHuoPisM, the-au'-ihro-pizm, s. In theoi., a state ot bcmig God and .man. Thearchy, ihe'-'di ke, s. Government by God; more commonly called theocracy. Tuea VINES, the' d-tinz, s.pl. An order of Italian monks established in 1524, expre.ssly to oppose the Reforma¬ tion. THEATRAL,t the'-ci-fral, a. Belonging to a theatre. Tuea I RE, s. An edifice i«^r the exhiliition of drainaiic' pertormances, as tragedies, comedies, and farci's , a play-house , a place using by steps or gra¬ dations like the seats o('a theatre, a building for the exhudtion ot scludastic exercises , aroom foi anatomi¬ cal ienioustrations. Thiaiki thf-at'-re-katySi.. Pertaining to a theatre 01 to scenic representations; suiting the stage .—aa. 2 heatrieally • mances. Thkatricai.s. the-at' re-kalz, s.pl. Drnmaiic pertor- Thi.ave. theev,s. An ewe ol the tii-st year. [Local. \ Thebainb, t/ie'-bane, a. A 8ubstan« obtained from opium, which has a sharp uute, and form colourless cr> stai#. THEBAN Thbban, a. Of or belonging to ancient Tliebee. — Thehan-year, in chron,, the Egyptian year of 365 days, Theca, the'-kdy s. A sheath or case. [6 hours. Thecaphore, thef-kd-fore, 8. (Gr.) In bot.f the pedicel or stipe of an OTary. [rians. Thecodonts, th^-ko-donts, s.pl. A tiibe of extinct sau- Thee, they pron. ^ obj. case of thou. — t v.n. To thrive ; to prosper. Theft, the/t, s. Act of stealing ; the felonious talcing of another person’s goods; tiie thing stolen.— Theft- botSy in latv, the receiving of a man’s goods again from a thief. [ance of tea. Theiform, the'-e-fawrmy a. Having the form or appear- Theine, the'-in, s. A principle obtained from tea, identical with caffein. Their, thare, pron. a. Of or belonging to them.—TAetrs is used as a substitute for the adjective and the noun to which it refers. [as opposed to atheism. Theism, the!-izmy s. Belief in the existence of a God, Theist, the'-isty s. A believer in the existence of God. Theistical, the-is'-te-kaly a. Pertaining to theism, or to a theist. [both genders. Them, themy pron.; the objective case of they, and of ‘J’liEME, thenicy 8. A short dissertation composed by a student.—In gram., a verb in its primary absolute state.—In music, a series of notes selected as the text or subject of a new composition. Themselves, them-selve^,‘a. compound of them and selves; the reciprocal form of they and. them, a.nd added to they by way of emphasis. Then, wen, ad. At that time; soonStfterwards, orim- memately; in that case; in consequence; therefore; for this reason; at another time. Thenard’s-blue, then'-ard's-blew, s. Cohalt blue, a pigment of wmch arseniate of cobalt and alumina are the bases. [reason. Thence, thens, ad. From that place or time ; for that Thenceforth, thens'-forth, ad. From that time. Thenceforward, thens-for'-ward, ad. From that time ouwaxd- Thencefrom,+ thent^-from, ad. From that place. I'heobroma, the-o-bro'-md, s. A plant producing the cacao or chocolafe nut, of which theobromine is the active principle; a.superior preparation of the cacao or cocoa. * Theochristic, the-o-krisf-tik, a. Anointing by God. Tueocract, s. Government of a state by the immediate direction of God, or the state thus governed. TuE 0 CTiA. 8 'i,t}ie'- 0 'kra- 8 e, 8 . An intimate union of the soul with Godin contemplation. Theocratic the-o-krai'-ikjSi. Pertaining to a theocracy. Theodicy, the~od'-e-se,8. Metaphysical theology. Theodolite, the-od'-o4ite, s. A suiweyor’s compass for the measurement of angles. Theogony, the-og'-o-ne, s. That branch of heathen theology and literature which taught the genealogy of the mythological deities; whence Thcogonist. Theologaster, the-oi'-o-gas-ter, s. A kind of quack in divinity. Theologian, m6acX:, a fish or the ray kind.—a turbot. JiioRNLEss. thawm'-leSf a. Destitute of thorns. Thornset, thawrn'-setj a Set with thorns. Thornt, thawm'-e, a. Full of thorns or spines; rough with thorns ; prickly; spiny.—F*^., occasioning pain or distress . vexatiotis ; perplexing.—j?iomy-ire/ot7, a prickly plant of the genus fagonin. Teorouoh, ihur'-ro, a. Complete; perfect; passing through or to the end.—(Sr* Through. In music, an accompaniment to a continued bass by figures.— Thorough-nred, in horsemanship, bred from the best blood.—27iorou$fA-^om<7, going all lengths.— Thorough-lighted, a term applied to a room which has windows on opposite sides.— Thorough-paced, complete; going all lengths.—77ioroM,gA-sped. hilly accomplished. — Thoro^igh-stitch, fully; completely.— Thorough-wax, an urnbelliferous plant of the genus hupleurum. — Thorough-wort, a herb, the eupatorium perfoliatwm. — — s. An interfuTTOw between two ridges. Thorouqhfa-re, thur*-ro-fare, s. A passage from one street or opening to another; an unobstructed way. Thoroughly, thur'-ro-le, ad. Fully; entirely. Thorooohness, thur'-ro-nes, s. Completeness ; perfect¬ ness. [horses, similar to hog spavin. Thoroughptn, #^Mr'-ro-ptn, s. In farr., a disease in Thorp, thawrp, s. A Saxon termination denoting a homestead, or the locality of a hamlet. Those, thoze, pron.; ]»1. of That ; as, those men. Thoth, ihoth, 8. In Egypt, myth., the god of eloquence, and supposed to be the inventor of writing and philosophy. Thou, thow, pron., second person sing. Obj. Thee. — v.a. To treat with familiarity. — v.n To use thou and thee in discourse. Thocgh, tho, conj. Although; however; notwith¬ standing. Thought, thnwt, pret. and pp. of Think. — 8. Act of thinking; something framed in the mind ; idea ; conception ; that which one thinks; opinion; judgment; the act of pondering; meditation.—To take thought, to be solicitous.—uneasy with reflection. Thoughtful^ thawV~ful, a. Full of thought, having the mind directed to an object; anxious; considerate; i contemplative ad. TJioughtfully ; —s. Tjioughtfvluess. Thoughtless, a. Heedless; careless; stupid; —ad. Thoughtlessly ; —s. Thoughtlessness. Thousand, thoio'-zand, a. and s. The number of ten hundred ; a large number indefinitely.—T?io«sand'/o/(i, multiplied by a thousand. [thousand.' Thousandth, thow'-zandih, a. and g. The ordinal of Thowl, thole, s. See Thole. Thrack,^: thrak, v.a. To load or burden. Thrall, thrawl, s. A slave ; $ slavery. — Jv.a. To enslave ; to enthral. Thraldom, thratoy-dum, s. Slavery, bondage. Thralless, thrawl'-les, a. Having no thralls. Thrapplb, thrap'l, s. The windpipe of an animal. (Local.) Thrash, thrash. v.a. To beat out grain from the husk with a flail; to beat soundly; to orub. — v.n. To perform the business of thrashing; to labour; to drudge. Thrasher, thrash'-er, s. One who thrashes grain; a large species of shark. Thrashing, thrash'-ing, s. The act of beating out grain with a flail; a sound drubbing.—TArasAingr-^oor, a floor or area on which grain is beaten out.—T^ra*Ainu- machine, a machine or apparatus for separating gram from the straw. Thrasonical, thrd-son*-e-kal, a. Given to bragging; boastful ;—ad. Thrasonically. fHRAVB, throve, 8. The number of two doser; twenty- four sheaves of wheat; X a drover ; a herd. Thread, thred, s. A very small twist of flax, wool, cotton, silk, or other fibrous substance; the filament of a flower ; the spiral part of a screw.—.4tr-^^read«, the fine white filaments seen floating in the air in fummtr, the production of spiders.—Thread-shaped, in HMfoTm.—Thread-bare, worn to the naked thread ; hackneyed s. Threadhareness. — T.a. To pass a thread through the e^'^e ; as, to thread a needle ; to pass or pierce through, os a narrow way qr channel. Thrbadbn. thre^n, a. Made of thread. !rHii»ArT,fAr#rt(f^-«,a. Like thread or fllomentj* slender; containlns thread. Threap, v.a. To chide or argue. {Local.! Threat, thret, s. A menace; denunciation of ill. — v.a. To threaten ; to menace. {Poetical.) Threaten, threnfn, v.a. To menace; to attempt to terrify ; to charge strictly; to exhibit the appearance of something unpleasant. Threatener, threat'n-er, s. One who threatens. Threatening, threaf'n-ing, ppr. Denoimcing evil. — a. Indicating a threat or menacead. Threateningly — s. The act of menacing ; a denunciation of evil. Threatpul, thref-ful, a. !^ill of threats ; minacious. Three, thre, a. Two and one —Three, as a prefix, ad mits of a useful variety of adjective compounds, which are generally self-explanatory; as, Threc-capsuled, having three capsules; Three-celled, having thres cells; Three-cornered, Three-edged, Three-fold. Three¬ grained, Three-leafed, Three-lobed, Three-petaled, Three- pointed, Three-ribbed, Three-sided, Threescore, Three- vnlved. Threne,^: threen, s. Lamentation, Threnetic, ihre-net'-ik, a. Sorrowful; mournful. Threnody, thren'-o-de, 8. A song of lamentation. Thresh. See Thrash. Threshold, thresh'-ole*d, s. The door-sill; place or point of entering; gate; entrance. Threw, thru, pret. of the verb to throw. Thrice, thrise, ad. Three times; sometimes used bv way of amplification ; .—Thrice-favoured, highly favoured. [slip, shoot, or run through*. Thrid, ihrid, v.a. To slide through a narrow passage; to — $8. Thread. Thrift, thrift, 8. Good husbandry; economical management; frugality ; economy ; gain ; the name of several species of flowering herbs of the genera staiice and armeria. Thriftiness, thriftf-e-nes, 8. Frugality; good hus¬ bandry . uacrease of property. Thriftless, a. Having no frugality or good management; profuse ; extravagant;—ad. Thriftlessly, —8. Thriftlessness. Thrifty , thriftf-e, a. Thriving by industry and fru¬ gality ; economical; parsimonious ; well husbanded ; —ad. Thriftily. Thrill, thril, s. A warbling ; a thrilling sensation ; a breathing-place or hole ; a drill. — v.a To bore ; to drill; to perforate ; to pierce. — v.n. To pierce ; to feel a sharp shivering sensation. Thrilling, thril'-ling, ppr. or a. Perforating ; drilling , piercing; penetrating; feeling a tingling, shivering sensation.—In music-, applied to passages of a sharp and piercing quality ad. Thrillingly ;—s. Thrilling¬ ness. Thrillings, thriV-lingz, s.pl. Thrilling sensations THRiNO,t thring, v.a. To press, crowd, or throng. Thrips, thrips, s. A small spotted fly, Thrissa, thri^sA, 8. A fish of the shad and herring kind. THRivE,7?irt»tf ,}v.n.; pret. throve or thrived; pp. thrivedoT thriven. To prosper by industry, economy, and good management; to increase in goods and estate; to Thriver, thri'-ver, s. One who prospers. [flourish. Thriving^ thri'-ving, ppr. Prospering in worldly goods. — a. Being prosperous or successful; advancing in wealth;—ad. Thrivingly; —s. Thriving and Thriving- ness. Thro*, ihroo, a contraction of Through. Throat, throte, s. The anterior part of the neck of an animal, in which are the gullet and windpipe.—In naut. language, that end of a gaff which is next the jnasX.—Throat-latch, a strap of a bridle^ halter, &c., passing under a horse’s tixroat.—Thront-plpe, tho wind¬ pipe, or trachea.— Throat-wort, a plant allied to the bell-flopver. 'ing. (Ijoeal., — v.a. To mow beans in a direction agaiiist their bend- Throaty, thro'-te, a. Guttural. Throb, throb, v.n. To beat, as the heart or pulse; to palpitate. — 8 A beat err strong pulsation ; a paljiitation. 'Throbbing, throV-bing, ppr. or a. Palpitating. — 8. The act of beating with unusual force ; palpitation 'Throdden. thrown, v.n. To grow ; to thrive. Throe, thro, s. Extreme pain ; violent aRgul^^b especially in parturition. — v.n. To struggle in extreme pain. — v.a. To put in agony, Thrombus, throm'-btis, s. A small tumour. Throne, throne, s. A royal seat; a chair of state • the ■eat of a bishop.—I d S^ipture, sovereljn power. — v.a. To place on a royal seat • to entlirone THEONELESS [ 804 ] THYMUS Thhowelkss, thron&-les, a. Having no trirone. Throko, throng, s. A crowd; a multitude of persons. — v.n. To crowd together; to come in multitudes. — T.a. To oijpress with a crowd of living beings. Thronobd, throng'd, pp. or a. Crowded by multitudes. Thbongino, throng'-xng, ppr. or a. Crowding together; —ad. + Throngly. — 8 . Act of crowding together. 'rHROPPi.E, throp'l, 8 . The windpipe of a hor 8 e. iHaosTLE, thros^l, 8. A bird of the thrush kind; a machine for spinning, which makes the wool smooth and WI 17 . [of cattle. Thbostlino, throsf-ling, 8. A disease under the throats Throttle, throfl, 9 . The windpipe, or trachea.— ITirottle-valve, in steam-engines, is & valve for regula¬ ting the supply of steam to the engine, which is brought into operation by the action of the revolving governor. — v.a. To choke ; to suffocate. Throttled, throt'ld, pp. of the verb to throttle. Through, throo, prep. Prom end to end, or from side to side ; by transmission ; by the agency of. — ad. From one end or side to the other ; to the ulti¬ mate purpose.—To carry through, to accomplish.— To go through, to prosecute a scheme to the end.—For Thorough-bred, and other similar compounds, see Thorough. Throughly, i?iroo'-?«, ad. Completely. See Thoroughly. Throughout, throo'~owt, prep. Q,uite through. — ad. In every part. Throve, throve, pret. of the verb to thrive. Throw, thro, v.a.'; pret. threw ; pp. thrown. To fling or cast in any manner ; to propel; to drive to a distance from the hand or from an engine ; to venture at dice. —To throw away, to lose by neglect or folly ; to reject. —To throw by, to lay aside.— To throw down, to over¬ throw.—To throw in, to inject.—To throw off, to expel; to discard.— To throw on, to cast on.— To throw out, to cast out; to reject.—To throw up, to resign.—To throw one's self on, to resign one’s self to the clemency of another.—To throw silk, to twist singles into a cord. - v.n. To perform the act of throwing ; to cast dice. - B. Act of hurling or flinging; a driving or pro¬ pelling ; a cast of dice; a stroke; a blow; the dis¬ tance to wluch a missile may be sent. Thrower, ihro'-er, 8. One who throws; one who twists or winds silk; a throwster. Thrown, throne, pp. of the verb to throw.-Thrown- silk, silk consisting of two or more singles twisted together like a rope. [silk. Throwster, thro'-ster, s. One who twists or throws Thrum, 8. The ends of weavers’ threads; any coarse yam.—Among gardeners, thrums are the tl^ead-like bushy pa^ of flowers; the stamens. — v.n. To play coarsely on an instrument. — v.a. To weave; to knot; to twist; to fringe.— Among seamen, to insert short pieces of rope-yam in a piece of canvas. Thrush, thrush, s. A dentirostral singing-hird of various species ; as, the missel-^/jr«s?i, song-thrush or throstle, brown-i/irwsfe or thrasher, &c.—In/arr., a disease in the feet of horses, &c.—In path., minute ulcers in the mouth and fauces. Thrust, thrust, v.a.; pret. and pp. thrust. To push or drive with force; to impel. — v.n. To make a push; to attack with a pointed weapon; to squeeze In ; to intrude ; to push forward. — s. A violent push or driving, as with a pointed weapon, or with the hand or foot; assault.—In arch., a horizontal outward pressure, as of an arch against its abutments. Thruster, thrusts-er, s. One who thrusts or stabs. Thrusting, thrusif-ing, s. Act of pushing with force.— In dairies, the act of squeezing curd with the hand to expel the whey {local'). — TJirusting-screw, a screw for pressing curd in cheese-making [local). Thrustinqs, thrusf-ingz, 8.pi. In cheese-making, that which is last pressed out of the curd by the hand, and of which butter is sometimes made. Thrusti.e, s. The thnish. Throstle. Thry-ea-llow, thri'-fnV-lo, v.a. To give the third ploughing in summer Thug, thug, s. One of an association of robbers and murderers In India. Thule, thoo'-le, 8. The name given, in early history, to tlie northernmost part of the habitable world; hence the I.Atin phrase Vltima Thule. Thttlttb, tho& lite, s. A mineral of ' peach-blossom »l(rap, fovmd in Norway. Thumb, thum, s. The short, thick finger of the human hand, or the corresponding member of other animals -—Thumb-hand, a twist of anything as thick as th? t'h\nn\'.-Thumb-ring, a ring worn on the thumb.— Thumbscrew, an instniment of torttu*e for compress¬ ing the thumb.—a kind of thimble, or feriTile of iron or leather, for protecting the thumb in making sails, &c. [fingers. — v.a To handle awkwardly; to play or soil with the — v.n. To play on with the fingers. Thumbed, thumb'd, a. Having thumbs. — pp. of the verb to thumb. Handled awkwardly, 01 soiled with the fingers. Thumer-stone, tMim'-erstone, s. A mineral, axinite. Thummim, thwn'-mim, s.pl. A Hebrew word denoting perfections.—The TTrim and Thummim were worn in the breastplate of the high-priest. Thump, thump, s. A heavy blow given with anything that is thick, as witli a club or the fist. — v.a. To strike or heat with something thick or heavy. [thumps. Thumper, thump'-er, s. The person or thing that Thumping, a. Heavy; stout; fat. {Vulg.) Thunder, thun'-der, s. The sound which follows a flash of lightning; the report of a discharge of atmo¬ spheric electricity ; any loud noise ; denunciation published.—The word has various compounds ; as, Thunder-blasted, blasted by thunder.—a brilliant stream of the electric fluid ; fig., a daring or irresistible hero; ecclesiastical denunciation; in min., thunder-stone.— Thunder-clap, a burst of thun¬ der, resulting from explosion of electricity.— cloud, a cloud that produces lightning and thunder.— Thundershower, 2isho^or accompanied with thunder. — Thunder-stone, a stone, otherwise called brontia. — Thunderstorm, 9. storm accompanied with lightning and thunder.— ThunderstrueJe, astonished ; struck dumb by something surprising. — v.n. To sound or roar, as an explosion of electricity to make a loud noise. — v.a. To emit with noise and terror; to publish any denunciation or threat. Thunderer, thun'-der-er, s. He who thunders. Thundering, thun'-der-ing, ppr. or a. Uttering a loud sound. — 8. Report of an electrical explosion; thunder. Thunderous, i- thun'-der-us, a. Producing thunder. Thundery, t thun'-der-e, 9 . Accompanied with thunder. Thunner, 8. Thunder. [Local.) Thurible, s. A censer of metal. Thuriferous, thu-rif'-er-us, a. Producing or bearing frankincense. [incense. THURiriCATioN,^7iM-r0-/c-A'a'-s7iMn,s. Act of fuming with Thurls, thurls, s.pl. Short communications between adits in mines. [the week. Thursday, thurz'-da. [Scand. Thor.) The fifth day of Thus, thus, ad. In this or that manner; on this wise; to this degree or extent. Thus, thuse, s. (Lat.) The resin of the spruce fir. Thwack, thwak, v.a. To strike with something flat OT heavy ; to hang or belabour. — 8. A heavy blow with something. Thwaite, s. A flsh, a species of the shad; plain parcel of ground, cleared of wood and stumps. Thwart, thwawrt, a. Transverse; across something else. — v.a. To cross ; to oppose; to contravene; to frustrate. — v.n. To be in opposition. — 8. The seat or bench of a boat on which the rowers sit, placed athwart the boat. Thwart-ships, thwawrtships, ad. Across the ship. Thwarted, thwawrtf-ed, pp. of the verb to thwart. Thwarter, ihwawrV-er, s. A disease in sheep. : Thwarting, thwawrV-xng,s. Act of crossing or frus¬ trating ;—ad. Thwartingly. [ness Thwartness, thwawrtf-nes, s. Untowardness; perverse- Thwite, thwite, v.a. To cut or clip with a knife. {Local.) Thwittle, thwiifl, s. A kind of knife ; a whittle. Thy, thi, a. Pron. adj. of Thou; of or belonging to tbee. Thyinb-wood, thi'-in-wud, s. A precious wood ; allied to the pines, and mentioned in Rev. xviii. 12. Thyitb, thi'-ite,s. A species of indurated heavy clay^ of a shining surface, and pale green colour. Thyme, time, 8 An aromatic plant of the genu* thymus, used in cookery. Thymus, thi'-mus, s. In anat., a gland situated in front of the pericardium and the large vessels arising from the base of the heart THYMY [ 805 ] TILLER a. Abounding with thyme; fragrant. TBTROiD, tht'-royd, a. Resembling a shield; applied to one of the cartilages of the laiynx, sometimes called Adam’s apple. Thtrsb, thirs, Is. In hot., a species of inflores- Thtrsus, thir'-sus, j cence ; a panicle. Thtrsoid, thir'-soyd,di. Resembling a thyrse or thyrsus, riirusus, thir'-»us, s. A staff entwined with ivy, which formed part of the accoutrement of a Bacchanal. rnYSANURANS, this-an-yu'-ranz, s.pl. An order of apterous insects with six feet. Thtself, thi-self’, pron. Used after thou, to express distinction with emphasis. T1.4.UA., 8 . An ornament of dress with which the ancient Persians covered their heads; a kind of turban; an ornament worn by the Jewish high priest; the pope’s triple crown.—In zool., a genus of mollusca. Tibia, 8 . The shin-bone. Tibial, tiV-e-al, a. Pertaining to the large bone of the leg ; pertaining to a pipe or flute. Tiburo, tih'-yu-ro , s. A fish of the shark kind. Tic-douloureux, s. (Fr.) A painful aflfec tion of a nerve, coming on in sudden attacks, usually in the head. TiCE,t Use, v.a. To entice s. 4: Ticenient. Tichorhin, txk'-or-rine, s. A fossil rhinoceros. ’ Tick, s. Credit; ti-ust; a little insect that infests ; sheep, dogs, «&c.; the cover or case of a hed.—TmV : bean, a small bean employed in feeding horses and other animals.— Tick-seed, a plant of the genus cori- spermum. - v.a. To nin upon score; to trust. [watch. — v.n. To beat; to pat; to make a small noise, as a Tickeu, tik'-en, s. Cloth for hedticks, or cases for beds. Ticket, tik'-etyS. A piece of paper or a card, which gives the holder some specific right; a certificate that something is due to the holder.-Ticket-porter, a licensed porter, wearing a ticket, by which he may be identified. — v.a. To distinguish by a ticket. Ticking, tik'-ing, s. A closely woven cloth used to contain the feathers or other materials of beds. Tickle, tik'l, v.a. To touch lightly, and cause a pecu¬ liar sensation ; to pleas <3 by slight gratification. • - v.n. To feel titillatlon. —X a. Tottering ; wavering ; unstable;—s. Tickleness. Tickler, tik’-ler, s. One who tickles or pleases Tickling, tik'-ling, s. The act of affecting with titil- lation. , „ Ticklish, tik^-lish, a. Sensible to slight touches ; easily tickled; tottering; unfixed; criticalad. Ticklishly; —8. Ticklishness. TiCT!iTLCK,tik'-tak,s. A game at tables. Tin, tid, a. Tender ; soft; nice.—Tid-hit, a delicate or tender piece. Tidal, H’-dal, a. Pertainmi flowing and ebbing. ^ T iDDLE,± tid'l, v.a. To use with tenderness; to fondle. Tide tide, 9 . Time, season, the alternate rising and falling of the waters of the ocean, andof bays, rivers, &c., connected therewith; stream; course.— 5 prtn^- tides are the result of the attractive force of the sun and moon when they act in a straight line.—iNTmp- tides occur when they act at right angles to each other.—Tide-gate, a gate through which water passes into a basin when the tide flows, and which is shut to retain the water from flowing back at the ebb.— Tide-gauge, a contrivance for registering the state of the tide continuously at every instant of time.—Tme- mill, a mill that is moved by t\de-y^exer.—Tide-waiter, an officer who watches the landing of goods, to secure the payment of duties.—the channel m which the tide sets. — v.a. To drive with the stream. — v.n. Tn work in or out of a river or harbour by favour of the tide. _ , Tideless, tide'-les, a. Having no tide. [elegance. Tidiness, ti'-de-nes, s. Neatness without richness or Tidingless, W-ding-les, a. Having no tidings. Tidings, ti'-dingz, s.pl. News; intelligence; account of what has taken place. ^ . Tidt, a. Being in pi'^per time; neat; dressea with neat simplicity ad Tidily. - v.a. To make neat; to put in good order. Til, ti, v.a. To bind ; to fasten or restrain ; to compU- cft.te ; to confine.—In 'nusic, to unite notes by a curve line drawn over them. to tides; periodically Tib, 8. A knot; fastening; bond , obligation; a knot 0 - hair; an equality in numbers, as of votes, &c.—In arch., a piece or timber or metal for binding two bodies together.—In music, a character to connect syncopated notes ; also a thick line which unites the tails of notes, and distinguishes quavers, semi¬ quavers, &c., from crotchets.—the beam which connects the bottom of a pair of principal rafters. Tied, tide, pp. of the verb to tie. —In music, tied~notes are notes over the heads of which a curve is drawn, to signify that they are to be slurred. Tier, teer, s. A row ; a rank ; especially when one or two rows are placed above each other. Tierce, teerse, s. A cask whose content is one-third of a pipe.—In music, the interval of a third.—In gaming, a sequence of three cards of the same colour.—A thrust in fiiicing.—ln heraldry, a field divided into three parts. Tiercel, teer'-sel, s. In falconry, a male hawk. Tiercet, teer'-set, s. In poetry, a triplet. Tiers-etat, teerz'-ay-t'd, s. (Fr.) In French hist., the third branch or commonalty of the legislative assembly. Tifp, tif, s. A fit of peevishness; a slight altercation a sm^l draught of liquor {vulg.) — v.n. To be in a pet (Zotr.) [silk. Tiffany, tif-fd-ne, s. A species of gauze or very thin Tiffin, tif-fin, s. A alight repast between breakfast and dinner. Tig, ftp', 8 . A game among children. Tige, teei, s. The shaft of a column. Tiger, ti'-gur, s. A fierce beast of the feline kind ; a Tiger-beetle, an insect of the family Cincinde- lidcB.—Tiger-bittern, a bird belonging to the genus tigrisoma. —Tiger-cat, a striped and spotted feline qaadriiped.—Tiger-footed, hastening to devour.—Ttper- shell, a red shell, with large white spots, of the genus cypresa.-Tiger’s-foot, a plant of the genus ipomcea. Tigerish, ti'-gur-ish, a. Like a tiger. Tight, tite, a. Close; compact; not loose or open ; not admitting air; sitting close to the bodv, as clothes parsimonious; saving; closely; not slack or loose;- • ad. Tightly. Tighten, tite^n, v.a. To daw tighter ; to straiten. Tightened, tite'nd, pp. or a Drawn tighter. Tighter, ti'-ter, comp, of tight; more tight. — a. More tieht. — + s. A ribbon or string for drawing clothes closer. Tightness, tite'-nes, s. Closeness of joints ; compactness, straitness; parsimoniousness. Tigline, tig'-lm, s. The acrid principle of the seeds of the croton tiglium. Tigress, ti'-gres, s. Th e feraa.le of the tiger. Tigrine, ti'-grin, a. Like a tiger. Tigrish, ti'-grish, a. Resembling a tiger. Tike, tike, s. A tick, or body insect; a counti*yman 01 clown; a dog; a cur. [a top. Tilbury, iil'-ber-re, s. A two-wheeled carriage, withoui Tile, tile, 8. A piece of baked clay or earthenware, used for covering the roofs of huildmgs, or for forming drains.—In mei.,a small,flat piece of dried earth,used to cover vessels in which metals are fused.—Tile-earth, a species of strong, clayey earth.—Ttfe-or^, a variety ol octahedral red copper ore. — v.a. To cover with tiles. Tiled, tiVd, pp. or a. Covered with tiles. Tiler, ti'-ler, s. A man whose occupation is to cover buildings with tiles. Tilgate beds, tiV-gate beds. s.pl. In geol., the great seriesof strata in the weald of Kentand Sussex, which contains many interesting organic remains. Tiliacebs, til-e-a*-se-e, s.pl. An order of exogenous plants, of which the Tiha, or Lime-tree, is the type. Tiling, Zi'-Ziny, 8 . A roof covered with tiles; tiles in general. Till, til, s. A money-box in a shop; a drawer. — prep, or ad. To the time or time of.—Titt now, to the present time.— Till then, to that time. — conj. To the time when ; to the degree that. — V a To cultivate; to plough and prepare for seed. Tillable, til'-ld-bl, a. Capable of being tilled; arable. Tillage, tiV-laJe, 8 . The operation, practice, or art of preparing land for seed ; cultivation ; husbandry. Tilled, tilVd, pp. of the verb to till Cultivated. Tiller, til'-ler, s One who tills; a husbandman; a cultivator; a ploughman ; the bar or lever employed to tom the rudder of a ship; a small drawer; a till. TILLEEISG [ 806 ] TIN! —Amon^ the shoot of a plant, springing from the original stalk.— TiUer-rope, among seamen, ib the rope Avhich forms a communication between the fore- end of the tiller and the wheel. — v.n. To put forth new snoots from the original stalk. TitLERiNo, til'-ler-ing , 8. The act of sending forth young shoots from the root of the original stalk. Filling, tiV-ling, s. The operation of cultivating land ; culture. riLLTFALLT,t interj. Ridiculous! stuff! IiLMus, tiV-muSy 8. In path., a symptom of the fatal termination of some disorder ; floccillation. Tilt, tilt, s. A tent; a covering overhead ; the cloth covering of a cart or wagon ; the cover of a boat; a thrust; formerly a military exercise on horseback ; a large hammer; inclination forward.—a boat covered with canvas or other c\oX'h..—Tilt-hammer , a heavy hammer, used in iron-works, which is lifted by a wheel, — v.a. To incline; to raise one end, as of a cask, for discharging liquor : to point or thrust, as a lance ; to hammer or forge ; to cover with a tUt. — v.n. To run or ride and thrust with a lance; to rush, as in combat; to play unsteadily ; to lean; to cover with a cloth or awning. Tilted, tiU*~ed, pp. of the verb to tilt. Titter, 8 . One who tilts. Tilt. Tilth,T he state of the soil in respect to plough¬ ing, manuilng, &c.; that which is tilled. Tilting, tilV~ing, a. The process by which blistcr-stecl is rendered ductile. Timbal, tim -bal, s. A kettle-drum. See Tymbal. Timber, tim'-her, s. Wood fit for building, tools, furni¬ ture, &c, ; the body or stem of a tree ; the materials. —In ships, a timber is a rib or curving piece of wood. Timber-head, the top (?nd of a timber, rising above the gunwale.—Timber- lode , a feudal seiVice by which the tenants were obliged to carry timber to the lord’s mansion.—Ftwifter-sow, a worm in wood.—Timber-tree, a tree suitable for timber.—Ttmfcer-t/ard, a yard or place where timber is deposited. — v.a. To furnish with timber. TimbereDj tim'-herd, pp. or a. Furnished with timber. Timbre, Hm'-ber, s. A crest on a coat-of-arms. Timbrel, tim'-brel, s. A kind of drum, tabour, or tabret, usually with bells round the rim; au instrument of high antiquity. Time, time, s. The measurement of duration, whether past, present, or future; peiiod; a proper time; season; age.—In mxisic, the measure of sounds in regard to theii’ continuance or duration ; as, common time,tripletime,&.e.—In gram., a tense.—Jn time, in pod season , suflaciently early.—At times, at distinct intervals.—Time eno^igh, early enough.—To lose time, to delay. — Apparent time, in astr., true solar time. Mean time, a mean or average of apparent time. Sidereal time is that which is shovni by the apparent diurnal revolutions of the stars. — Time-honoured, honoui-ed for a long time.—Time-keeper , a clock, watch, or other chronometer.—Time-AiZtmg, adapted : to kill time.— Tbne-piece, a clock or watch ; a chrono- metev.-Time-pleaser, one who complies with the pre¬ vailing opinions.—Time-sanettoned, sanctioned by long UBe. — Time-scorner, one who scorns time. —T»ws- server, one who adapts his opinions and manners to the times, or obsequiously compiles with the ruling powers. —Time-table, in music, a tabular representation of the different notes, and their relative lengths.—In rail manage., Time-tables are printed lists of the times of starting and arrival at each station or terminus — Ttme-washng, wasting time. — Ttme-tooni, impaired by time. — v.a. To adapt to the time or occasion ; to regulate ns to time ; to measure, as in music or harmony. Timeful, time'-ful, a. Seasonable ; timely ; sufflcientlv early Timbist, 8 . In a pirformer who keeps good time ; fa time-server. Timeless,:^ time' les. a Unseasonable ; done at an im¬ proper time , untimely ;—ad Timelessly. Timely, tim^ le, a Seasonable, opportune; being in good time , keeping time;—ad. 'Fimety, and XTimeously; —8. Timeliness. Wanting courage to meet danger; fearful; timorous ;—ad. Timidly ;—e. Timidness. ^MLDiTY, 8. Fearfulness; pusillanimitT. iTMocRAOT, ti-m<^-ra-se, s. Government by taen of propeity or honourable position.. Timoneer, tim'-o-neer, s. (Fr.) A helmsman. Timoroso, tim-o-ro'-so, ad. (Ital.) In musie, a style e*% pressive of awe or fear. Timorous, tim'-or-us, a Fearful of danger; timid; fuU of scruples ;—ad. Timorously s. Titnorousness Timothy grass, tim'-o-the gr'ds, s A valuable grass, the phleum praiense. Timous, ti’-mus, a. Early ; timely ;—ad. Timously. Tin, tin, s. A white metal, with a slight tinge of yellow, and a constituent of pewter, britaimia, bcli- mctal, bronze, «&c.; a thin plate of iron covered with tin. — Tin-glass, bismuth.— Tin-mine, a mine where tin is obtained.—2’tu-pZaie, thin sheet-iron, coated with t\n.—Tin-pyr%te8,ana%iye sulphurel of tin.— Tin-worm - an insect. — v.a To cover with tin, or overlay with tinfoil. Tincal, tingk'-al, s. Cimde borax, as imported from the East. Tinchel, tin'-tchel, s. A circle of spoitsraen, who, by suiTounding an extensive space, and gradually closing in, bring a number of deer and game within a narrow compass- TiNCT,i tingkt, v.a. To stain or colour; to imbue. —X 8. stain ; colour. Tinctorial, tmgk-to'-re-al, a. That which colours. Tincture, tmgkt'-yur, s. The finer and more volatile parts of a substance, separated by a solvent.—In med., spirit containing medicinal substances in solution: a tinge or shade of colour.—In heraldry, a term applied to metals, colours, and furs. — v.a. To tinge; to impregnate with some extraneous matter; to imbue the mind. Tinp,J tind, v.a. To kindle. Tinder, tin’-der, s. Something very inflammable— Tinder-box, a box in which tinder is kept. TiNE,i tine, v.a To kindle ; to set on fire; to shut or enclose; to fill. — 8. The tooth or spike of a fork ; a prong. —X v.n. To rage ; to smart; to fight, Tineid.®, tin-e-i'-de, s.pl. A family of nocturnal lepi- dopterous insects, of which the Tsnea, or moth, is the type. [hedges. Tinet4 ti'-net, s. BrushYvood and thorns for repairing Tinfoil, tin’-foyl, s. Tin reduced to a thin leaf. Ting,$ itMp, 8. Ajsharp sound. Sec Tingle. —X v.n. To sound or ring. Tinge, v.a. To imbue or impregnate with some¬ thing foreign ; to colour or stain. — 8. A slight degree of some colour or taste infused into another substance ; tincture; colour ; dye. Tingent,+ tin'-jent, a. Haring the power to tinge. Tingle, tin(f'l, v.n. To feel a kind of thrilling sound. Tingling, ting'l-ing, s. A thrilling sensation. Tine, tingk, v.n. To make a shrill noise ; to tinkle. Tinker, tingie-er,B. A mender of brass kettles, pan8,&c. Tinkering, Ungk'-er-ing, s. The act or employment of a tinker. Tinkerly^ tingk'-er-le, ad. In the manner of a tinker. Tinkle, Uiigk'l, v.n. To make or to hear small, sham sounds. — v.a. To cause to clink or make sharp, quick sounds TiNKLiNG,f»M*7-»wp, ppr. ora. Making a small, quick noise. ^ Tinman, tin'-man, s. A manufacturer of tin vessels; a dealer in tinware. Tinned, tin'd, pp. or a. Covered with tin. Tinner, tin’-ner, s. One who works in the tin mines. Tinnient,:^ a. Emitting a clear sound. ^tn'-niny, s. The art of covering or lining anything with melted tin or with tinfoil. Tinny, tin'-ne, a. Abounding with tin. Tinsel, tin'-sel, s. Something very shining and gandv. a kind of lace. — a. Gaudy , shov^ to excess ; specious. — v.a. To adorn with something glittering and showv without much value. ^ Tinstone, tin'-stone, s. A native oxide of tin, round in Cornwall. TiNT.jtni, 8 . A dye; a colour; a sUght colouring or tincture. — v.a. To tinge; to ^ve a slight ciAouring to. TintamarA tm-tA-m'dr', s. A hideous or confused noise. liNTiNG, t%nf-mg, s. A forming of tints. Tintinnabulary, tin-tin-nab'-yu-l&-re a. Having or making the sound of a bell. rbeha. Tinthtoalogia, tin-tin-fid-l(/-je-A, g. The art of ringing Tint, t% -ne, a. Tery small; puny. TIP t 807 3 TO-DAY Tip, tip, s. The point or extremity of anything smaU.— In hot., an anther.— Tip^staff, an officer who bears a staff tipped with metal; a constable.—the end of the toe-Tip-top, the highest or utmost degree. — v.a. To form a point with something ; to cover the tip, top, or end , to tap ; to lower one end.—To tip the wink, to wink to another for notice. — v.n. To fall headlong ; to die. Ttpt, tipt, pp. of the verb to tip. C^he neck. Tippet, tip'-pet,s. A narrow garment or covering for Tippisg. tip'-ping, ppr. or a. In music, a distinct arti¬ culation given to the flute, by striking the tongue against the roof of the mouth. Tipple, Up'l^y.n. or v.a. To indulge in the frequent use of spirituous liquors ; to drink in excess. - 8. Drink , liquor taken in tippling. Tippled, tip'ld, pp. Drank in excess. — a. - Intoxicated; inebriated. Tippler, tip'-pler,s. One who habitually indulges in spirituous liquors. Tippling, tip'-pling, 8. The habitual practice of drink¬ ing spirituous liquors.—a house in which liquors are sold in small quantities. Tipsilt, tip'-se-le, ad. In a tipsy manner. riPSTAFF. See Tip- , . , Tipsy, tip’-se, a. Overpowered with strong drink; intoxicated;—ad. Tipsily. ^ ^ ^ Tipula-RY, tip'-yu-la-re, a. Pertaining to insects of the genus or crane fly kind. TiRA.DE, te-rad^, s. A series of violent declamation. In music, a strain or flight. , [soldief. Tirailleur, te-ral'-yur, s. (Fr.) A French skirimshing Tire, tire, s. A row or rank; a tier; a head-toss; attire ; a band or hoop of iron, used to bind the femes of wheels.—In mil. matters, great guns, shot, shells, &c., placed in a regular form.—Tire-womafi, a female head-dresser. — v.a. To exhaust the strength by toil or labour; to weary, fatigue, or exhaust; to attire; to adorn; to dress the head. — v.n. To become weary ; to he fatigued. Tired pp. or a. Wearied; fatigued ;— s. Tiredness. Tiresome, tire'-sum, a. Wearisome; fatisruing; tedi¬ ous ;—s. Tiresomeness. [dress for the stage. Tiring-room, ti'-ring-room, s. The place where players Tironian, ti-ro'-ne-nn, a. Pertaining to the short¬ hand of Homan antiquity. ^ « Tirret, tir'-ret, s. In her., a manacle or handcuii. Tirrit.I: tir'-rit,6. Terror; affright. Tirwft, Hr'-wit. s. A bird; the lapwing. 'Tis, tiz, a contraction of it is. Tistc, tiz'-ik,s. Consumption; morbid waste. Tisioal, tiz'-e-kal, a. Consumptive. . Tisri, tiz'-ri, a- The fli-st Hebrew month of the civil vea'r, and the seventh of the ecclesiastical. Tissue tish'-yu. s. Cloth interwoven with gold or silver, or with flirured colours.—In anat. and oot., texture or organization of parts ; a connected senes. —Tissue paper, very thin gauze-like paper. — v.a. To form tissue ; to interweave. Tit, tit, s. A small horse; a woman {in contempt); a small bird ; a titmouse. _ . . „ Titanic, ti-tan'-ik, a. Pertaining to or containing tito- nium —Titanic acid, the peroxide of titanium, which see. . [ing titanium. Titaniferous, ti-tan-if'-er-us, a. Contfiining or afford- Tttanite, ti'-tan-ite,%. A mineral; sphene. Titanium, ti-ta'-ne-um,^. In min., a iuetal_ of a ueep blue colour, found in small cubical crystals in the blast furnaces of iron works. Tit-bit Hf-bit. s. A tender piece. See Tid-bit. [tithes. Tithable, tV thd-bl, a. Subject to the payment of Tithe, tithe, s. The tenth part of the increase of land and stock, allotted to the clergy. — v.a. To tax to the amount of a tenth. — v.n. To pay tithes. ^ ^ .. Tithing, ti'-ihing, 8. .A decennary ; an ancient territo- ri.il division, generally attributed to Alfred, which consisted of ten householders, who were sureties or free pledges for each ot\\er.—Tithing-'man, the chiet man of a tithing ; a peace-officer or under-constable. TiTHoNic, ti-thon'-ik, a. Pertaining to or (tonoting those rays of light which produce chemical effects 8. Tithonicity. Titillate, txf-il-late, v.n. To tickle. _ Titillating, tif -il-la-ting, ppr. or&. Tickling. ^ TitiijLatton, tit^il-la'-shun, s The act of tic kliii g, any slight pleasure Titlark, tit'..ldrk, s. A small bird of the lark kind. Title, ti'tl, s. The inscription in the beginning of & book, containing the subject of the work; a title- page; an appellation of dignity, distinction, or pre eminence ; an appellation; risht; that which consti¬ tutes a just cause of exclusive possession ; ^ the instrument which is evidence of a right; a .title- deed.—In the canon law, that by which a benefi¬ ciary holds a benefice. — v.a. To name ; to call; to entitle. Titled, ti'tld, pp. or a. Named ; having a title. TiTLBLESs.t ti'tl-les, a. Not having a title or name. TiTMorsE, tif-m^wse, s. ■, pi Titmice. A small bird of the genus parns. — Titmice warblers arj small birds of the genus sylvicola. Titter, tit'-ter, v n. To laugh with restraint — 8. A. restrained laugh ; a weed. Tittering, tit'-ter-ing , s. Restrained laughter. Tittle, 8 . A small particle; a minute part; an iota. Tittle-tattle, tit'tl-tat'tl, s. Idle talk ; empty prattle ; an idle, trifling talker. — v.n. To talk idly ; to prate;— s. Tittle-tattling. Titubate, t tif-yu-bate, v.n. To stumble. Titubation, tit-yu-ba'-shun, s. The act of stumbling.— In path , a fidgety state of restlessness. „ Titular, a. Nominal; having or conferring the title only; as a titular bishopad. Titularly. — s. A person invested with a title, by virtue of which he holds an office or benefice. Titularity, tit-yu-lar'-e-te, s. State of being titular. Titulary, a. Consisting in or pertainine to a title. [sheep. {Local:) Tivbr, tiv’-er, s. A kind of ochre used in marking — v.a. To mark sheep with tiver. Tivy, tiv'-e, ad. With great speed, a huntsman’s word. See Tantivy. Tmesis, me'-sis, s. A figure by which a compound word is separated by the intervention of one or more words. To, too, prep, or ad. Noting motion toward a place, or direction; toward an object, purpose, or thing; opposed to/row noting addition, as a sign of the infinitive, it precedes the radical verb.—To notes extent, degree, or end ; as, he languishes ( lock of hair. Tour, foor, 8. A turn ; a journey; a ramble; circuit, excursion.—In mil. matters, the tour of duty is that which is done by succession. Tourbillion, toor-bil’-yon, a. (Fr.) An ornamental revolving firework. Tourist, ^oor'-tsf, s. One who makes a tour, or per¬ forms a journey in a circuit. Tourmaline, toor'-md-Hn, 8. A mineral, occuiTing usually in black prisms of three or six sides, ter¬ minated by three-sided pyramids. Tourn, him, s. Tho sheriff’s turn or court; also,a spinning-wheel. Tournament, turn’-a-ment,a. A tUt; a mock encounter. Tourney, turn’-e, s. A tournament. — v.n. To tilt; to perform tournaments. Tourniquet, tur'-ne-het, s. (’Fr.) A surgical instru¬ ment or bandage, which is sCTaitened or relaxed with a screw, and used to check hemorrhages. Toube, towz, v.a. To pull . to haul; to tear. — 8. A pulling; a disturbance. Tousle, tou/zl, v.a. To put into disorder ; to tumble. Tout, toot, v.n. To ply or seek for customers. Touter, tow’-ter, s. One who tnuU for an inn. Tow, to, v.a To drag, as a boat or ship, through the water by means of a rope.— Tow-boat, a boat which is drawn by a tow-line or towed.—Tow-Zme, a small hawser used to tow a ship, &Q..—Tow-rope, any rope used in towing ships or boats. — s. The coarse and broken part of flax or hemp. TOWAGE [ 811 ] TEADUOTION TowAai. io'-cye, 8. The act of towing, or the price paid for it. Toward, to ard, ) prep. In the direction to ; with Towards, to ards,) respect to; nearly. — ad. Near at hand j in a state of preparation. Toward, ^o'-ard, i a. Ready to do or learn; not TowARDLY,io'-«rd-^€, f froward ; docile; compliant with duty ; tractable;—8. Towardness and Towardli- flSSSt ^&c Towel, tow'-el, a. A cloth used for wiping the hands, vowBLiNo, tow'~el-ing, a. Cloth or towels. Tower, tow'-er, a. A lofty building, either square or ^rcular, a citadel; a fortress ; high flight; elevation. The Tower of London is an ancient citadel, containing an arsenal, &c.—In/ori., the Tower-bastions are small towers made in the form of bastions. — V n. To rise and fly high , to soar. Towered, tow'-erd, di. Adorned or defended by towers. Towering, tow'-er-ing, ppr. Rising aloft; soaring. —• a. Very high ; elevated. Tower-mustard, tow’-er-mu^-tard, s. An annual plant of the genus turritis. Towbry , tow'-er-e^ fi. Adorned or defended by towers. Towing-path, s. A path used by men or horses that tow boats. To-wit, too-wit', ad. Namely. Town, town, s. A collection of houses larger than a village, to which belongs a regular market, and which is not a city ; the inhabitants of a town ; the metro¬ polis , the court end of London.— Town-clerk, an officer who keeps the records of a Town-crier, one who makes proclamation.—a public room or building for transacting the business of a town.-Town-house, the house where the public bi'.si' ness of the town is transacted; a house in town, in opposition to a house in che country.—Towix-ma.jor, an officer employed about the commander of a garri¬ son.— Town-talk, the subject of common conversation. Townish, town'-ish, a. Tike a town. Town less, fown'-les, a. Having no to^vn. [town. Townshep, town'-ship, s. The disti’ict or territory of a Townsman, townz'-man, s. One of the same town with another, Towser, tow’-zer, s. The name of a dog. Toxical, j- tok^-e-hal, a. Poisonous. Toxicodendron, toks-e-ko-den'-drun, s. The poison oak, rims toxicodendron. Toxicology, io/ss-e-fcor-o-je, 8. A discourse or treatise on poisons ; whence Toxicologist ;—a. Toxicological; —ad. ToxicologicaUy. [quadruped, now extinct. Toxodon, toks'~o-don, s. A gigantic pachydermatous Toxophilite, toks-of'-e-lite, s. A lover of archery. Toy, toy, s. A plaything for children ; a thing of little value or utility; a hawble ; a trifle; folly; amorous dalliance.—row-wrm, one who deals in toys.—Toy shop, a shop where toys are sold. — v.n. To dally amorously ; to trifle ; to play. — $v.a. To treat foolishly. Toyer, toy'-er, s. One who is full of trifling tricks. Toyful, toy'-ful, a. Full of trifling play. Tori5H,toy'-tsh, a.. Trifling; wanton ;—s. Toyisftness. Toze, toze, v.a. To pull by violence. Trabeation, tra-be-a'-shun, s. In arch., the same as entablature. Trace, ^rase,8. A mark ; afootstep; atrack; avestige; one of the straps or ropes attached to carriage hamess. — v.a. To mark out, to draw or delineate with marks ; to foUow by footsteps or tracks. Traceable, tra'-sh-bl, a. That may he traced;—ad. Traceahly ; —s. Th'acenhleness. R.ACED, trayst, pp. of the verb to trace. [marks. RACER, tra'-ser, s. One who traces or follows by RACERY, tra'-ser~e, s. In Gothic arch., ornamental stonework, which forms the enrichment of Gothic windows. Tr.vchea, tra'-ke-a, s. In annt., the windpipe. Trache.e, tra'-kc-e, s.pl. The spiral vessels of leaves and insects [windpipe. Tracheal, tra'-ke-al, a. Pertaining to the trachea or TKh.cuv.iLa.im, tra-ke-a'-re-e, s.pl. \nzool., an order of the class A^'achnides. Trachelipod, trfi-keV-e-pod, s. A univalve mollusk with a spiral shell;—a. Trachelipodous Tracheocele, tra'-ke-o-sele, a. An enlargement of the thyroid gland. Tracheotomy. tra-ke-oV-o-me,a. In««r{ 7 .,the opera¬ tion of making an opening into the windpipe. Trachites, 8. Inflammation of the trachea. Trachyte, tra'-kite, s. A nearly compact feldspathl volcanic rock a. Trachytic. Ti^cing, tra'-sing, s. Course ; regular track or path.— Tracing-paper, a thin transparent paper for tracing drawings or engravings Track, trak, s. A mark left by something that has passed along; an impression left behind; a road; a beaten pa.th.—Track-road, a towing-path. — v.a. To follow when guided by a trace, or by the footsteps ; to tow; to di’aw a vessel by a line Trackage, trakf-aje,^. A di*awlng or towing, as of a boat. Trackless, trak'-les, a. Having no track ; untrodden ; —ad. Tracklessly ; —s. Tracklessness. Tract, trakt, s. Something drawn out or extended ; a quantity of land or water; a written discourse or dissertation ; extent; region ; district.—In hunting, the trace or footing of a wild animal. — v.a. To trace out; to draw out. [ness. Tractability, s. Docility; tractable- Tractablb, trakt'-A-hl, a. That may be easily led, taught, or managed ; docile; manageablead. Tractably ; —s. Tractableness. Tractarian, trak-ta'-re-an, s. A term applied to the writers of the Oxford Tracts. Tractate, i: trak'-tate, s. A treatise ; a tract. Tractation, trak-ta'-shxm,%. Treatment or handling of a subject. Tractatrix, trak-ta'-triks, s. In geom., a curve line. Tractile, trak'-til, a.. Capable of being drawn out in length ; ductile. [tile ; ductility. Tractility, trak-tiV-e-te, 8. The quality of being trac Traction, trak'-shun, s. Act of drawing, or stete of being drawn ; attraction , a drawing toward, Tractitiot:8, a. Treating of; handling. Tractive, trak'-tiv, a. Having the power necessary to drag anything along any surface. Tractor, frak'-tnr, s. That which draws, or is used for drawing. — Metallic tractors, small bars of metal supposed to posspss magnetic powers. Tractort, 1 8. A curve whose tangent is Thactrix, trak'-triks, j always equal to a given line. Trade, trade, s- The act or business of exchanging commodities by barter ; commerce ; traffic ; the husi ness which a person has learned; profession ; occu patlon; custom; standing practice.-r/Gifd-sa/e, an auction by and for booksellers.—a name iven to winds in the torrid zone, and often a little eyond it, which blow from the same quarter throughout the year.— Trades-folk, people employed in tra.dc.-—Tradesman, a shopkeeper. — v.n. To barter, or to buy and sell j to traffic; tc caiTy on commerce as a business. — v.a. To sell or exchange in commerce. Traded, + tra'-ded, a. Practised in trade. Tradeful, trade-ful, a. Commercial; busy in traffic. Trader, trat-der, s. One engaged in trade or commerce, merchant; tradesman. [commerce. Trading, tra'-ding, s. The business of carrying on — a. Carrying on commerce ; bartering. Tradition, trd-dish-xm, s. Delivery; that which is handed do\^Ti from age to age by oral communication. Traditional, trd-dish'-un-al, ) a. Delivered orally Traditionary, trd-dish'-un-d-re, ) from father to son, transmitted from age to age without writing;—ad. Traditionally and Traditionarily. Traditionary, trd-dish'-un-d-re, s. One who acknow¬ ledges the authority of traditions. Traditioner, trd-dish'-un-er, 1 s. One who adheres to Traditionist, trd-dish'-uji-ist, [ tradition. Traditive, trad'-e-tin. a. Transmissible from age to age by oral communication. Traditor, trad’-e-tur, s. A deliverer; a name of in¬ famy given to Christians who delivered the Scriptures or the goods of their Church to their persecutors to save their lives. Traddce, trd-duse’, v a. To condemn ; wilfully to misrepresent and abuse; to calumniate. TRADucEMENT.t trd-duse'-ment, s. Misrepresentation , ill-founded censure. Traducent, trd-du'-sent, a. Slandering; slanderous. Traducer, trd-du'-ser, s. One who traduces ; a calum¬ niator. [rived. Traducible,+ trd-du'-se-bl, a. That may be orally de- Traducingly, trd-du'-sing-le, ad. Slanderously. TraducTj^ trd-dukf, v.a. To derive. Traduction, tr&-duk'-sTmn, s. Derivation from one OJ the same kind ; tradition ; art of transfening. lEADUCTIVE [ 812 ] TEANSCEIPTIVELY rmADucnvE, trit-duk'-tiv^ a. Derivable, that may be deduced. [barter. Tai-pric, traf'-iikt s. Commerce; trade; exchange; — v.n. To trade ; to barter; to buy and sell wares; to carry on commerce. — v.a. To exchange in trafldc. Traffica.ble,$ a. Marketable. Trafficker, traf'-fik-eryS. One who carries on com¬ merce ; a trader. Traffickless, traf'-fik-leSy a. Destitute of trade. Traqacanth, trag’-h-kanthy s. A plant of the genus astragalus; goat’s thorn ; a kind of adhesive gum. Tragacanthixe, tra(f -6,-kan'-thin, s. A kind of gum. Tragalism, tra^-d-lizm, 8. Goatishness from high feeling. [tragedy. Tragedian, trd-je'-de-an, 8. A vrriter or an actor of Traqedt, traj'-e-de, 8. • A serious drama, generally his¬ torical ; a fatal and mournful event. Tragic, traf-ik, \ a. Of the nature or character Tragical, traj'-e-kal, J of tragedy , fatal to life ; mournful;—ad. Tragically s. Tragicalness. Tragi-comedt, tras-e-koni'-e-dey s. A drama in which serious and comic scenes are blended. Traoi-comic, traj-e-kom'-ikj \ a. Partaking of a Tragi-comical, traj-e-kom'-e-kal, / mixture of grave and comic scenes ;—ad. tragi-coniically. Trail, trale, v.a. To hunt by the track ; to draw along the ground.—In mil. matters, to cany the firelock in an oblique forward position, with the butt just above the gro'Und. — v.n. To be drawn out in length. — 8. The track followed by the hunter; the scent left on the ground by the animal pursued ; a train ; the entrails of a fowl.—In gunneryy the end of a travel¬ ling carriage, upon which the carriage slides when unlimbered. Trailed, trale'd, pp. or a. Hunted by the tracks; drawn along on the ground. Train, U-ane, v.a. To draw along; to entice; to allure; to discipline; to teach; to educate; to breed.—In hort., to form to a wall or espalier; also to* lop and prune.—In minvig, to trace a lode or any mineral appearance to its head.—To train up, to educate ; to teach.—To train a gun, is to point it at some object. — s. Artifice ; stratagem of enticement, the tail of a bird; a retinue ; a series ; process ; a procession ; a line of gunpowder to lead fire to a charge; a con¬ tinuous line of cars on a railroad.—In tnil. matters, all the apparatus and implements of war ; train of artil.y any number of cannon, mortars, Sco.-Train-hand, a band or company of miWMvi.—Train-hearer, one who holds up a train.—Tmm-oi'l, the oil procured from the blubber or fat of whales by boiling.— Tram-road, in mines, a slight railway for small wagons.—Tratn- tackle, a tackle hooked to the train of a gun, to hold it to its place. raAiNABLe. trane^-d-U, a. That may be trained. ■'’RAiNED,;fraWf?V7,pp. or a. Drawn; educated. Trained tra'-ncr, s. One who trains up; an instructor. Training trane'-vip, s. The act of drawing or educa¬ ting ; the preraring men for athletic exercises; the disciplining of troops.—In /lorf., the operation or art of forming young trees to a wall or espalier. Trainy ,t tra'-7ie, a. Belonging to tram oil. {Low.) Traipse, trayps, v.n. To walk sluttishly or carelessly. Trait, tray, s. A stroke ; a touch ; a feature. Traitor, trn'-tur, s. One guilty of treason ; one who, in breach of trust, delivers his countiy to her enemy; one who betrays his trust. Traitorous, tra'-tur-us, a. Guilty of treason; trea¬ cherous ; perfidious. TaAnoRousLv, tra'-tur-ns-le, ad. In violation of alle¬ giance and trust; treacherously; perfidiously;—s. traitoroustiess. Traitress, tra'-tres, s. A female who betrays her country or her trust. Traject, tra-jekt'y v.a. To throw or cast through. Traject, tr<^-ekty s. A ferry, a passage over water with boats. [darting through. Trajection, trd-jek-shun, 8. The act of casting or Trajectory, trd-jek'-tur-e, 8. The curve which a body describes in space. [word. Tralation, trd~la^-shun^ s, A change in the use of a Tralatitious, tral^m-txsh'-us, a. Metaphorical; not literal;—ad. Trdlatitioxisly. T^lineate,^: trd-lin'~e-atey v a. To deviate frbm any direction. Trai ucrnt, a. Xiansnarent • clear. Tram, tram, b. The shaft of a cart or carriage; th« local name of a coal-waggon ; whence Tram-way, oj Tram-road, a road laid with narrow tracts of stone, wood, or iron, for trams, or wagons; the iron tram- rail having a flank on the side, to prevent wagons from running off the track Trambling, tram'-bling, s. In metal., the process ol washing tin ore very clean with a suitable frame and shovel. Trammel, trayn'-mel, s. A long net for catching birds or fishes ; shackles for a horse.—In mech., a joiner’s instrument for drawing ovals. — v.a. To catch; to intercept; to shackle. Trammeled, tram'-mel'd, pp. of the verb to trammel. Tramontane, trd-mon'-tane, a. Lying beyond the mountain ; foreign ; barbarous. — 8. One living beyond the mountains; a stranger. Tramp, imwp, v.a. To tread. — v.n. To travel; to wander or stroll. Tramper, tramp'-er, s. A stroller ; a vagrant. Trample, tram'-pi, v.a. or v.n. To tread under foot, rr prostrate by treading; to treat with contempt. — 8. Act of treading under foot. [down. Trampler, tram'-pler, s. One who tramples or treads Tranation, trd-na'-shun, s. Act of passing over by sw immin g. Trance, trdns, s. An ecstacy; a rapture .—au med. catalepsy. In ecstacy, the muscles are rigid, and the body inflexible. — v.a. To entrance. Tranced, tr'dnst, a. Lying in a trance or ecstacy. TRANGRAM,t tran'-gram.B. An intricate contrivance. Trannel, tran'-nely s. See Treenail. Tranquil, trang'-kwil, a. Q,uiet; calm ; undisturbed ; peaceful;—ad. Tra^iquilly ; —s. Tranquilness. Tranquilization, trang-kwil-e-za'-shun, s. State of being tranquilized. [agitated , to quiet. Tranquilize, trang'-kwil-ize, v.a. To allay when Tranquilizer, 8 . A kind of chair, in which a raving maniac may be so fixed as to be motionless. Tranquilizing, trang'-kwil-i-zixig, ppr. or a. Quieting • composing ;—ad. Tranquilizingiy. Tranquility, trang-kwil'-e-te, s. A calm state; free¬ dom from disturbance or agitation ; quiot. Trans, tranz, a Latin preposition, extensively used as a prefix, and signifying over, or beyond, or denoting a complete change ; as, to transform ; to transfer, &c. Transact, trans'-akt, v.a. or v.n. To do ; to perform ; to conduct matters; to manage. Transaction, trans-ak'-shun, s. The doing or perform¬ ing of any business; an afifair.—In the civil Zawj, an adjustment of a dispute. [conducts any business. Transactor, trayis-ak^-tur, 8. One who performs or Transalpine, trans-aV-pine, a. Lying or being beyond the Alps in regard to Rome. Transanimate, trans-an'-e-maie, v.a. To animate by the conveyance of a soul to another body. [tion. Transanimation, trans-an-e-ma’-shun, s. Transniigra- Transatlanttc, trans-at-Xan’-tik, a. Lying or being beyond the Atlantic. Transcend, trans-send', v.a. To rise above; to sur¬ mount ; to surpass; to excel. — iv.n. To climb. Transcendence, tran-send'-ense, 1 s. Superior excell- Transcendency, iraw-send'-en-se, I ence ; 6upai*-emi- nence. Transcendent, trans-sen'-dent, \ a. Tery excell- Transcendental, trans-sexi-dent'-al, J ent; super-emi¬ nent ; surpassing others.-In the Kantian phil., trans¬ cending or going beyond the bounds of human know¬ ledge.—In alg., applied to any quantity which can not be represented by an algebraic expression of a finite number of terms ; — ad. Transcendently ana Transcendentally ; —s. Tronscende7itnpss. Transcendentalism, tran-seti-de7it'-al-izm, s. In the Kantian phil., the traaiscending or going beyond em¬ piricism, and ascertaining a priori the fundamental principles of human knoNvledge ; whence Transcen- aentaUst, a believer in the doctrine. Transcolate, tran^-ko-late, v.a. To strain ; to cause to pass through a sieve or colander. [again. Transcribe, tran-skribf, v.a. To copy ; to write over Transcriber, tran-skri'-ber, s. A copier. Transcript, trayi'-skript, s. A copy of any kind. Transcription, iran-skrip'-shuny s. The act of copying- Transcriptivzly, tran-skript'-iv-ie. ad. In manner of a copy TRAKSOUE [ 813 ] TEANSMUTABLE TRA.!i5Cca.+ tram'-kur, Y.n. To nm or roTO to and fro^ TaANSCoBRENO*, tram-kur'-Yense, s. A and tUther. [ordinary deviation. Transcuksion, trans-kur'-shun, s. A rambling ; extra- Transduction, trans-duK-shun, ^ Act of conve^g Transe, eronse, s. Ecstacy. See Trance. [over. Transelementation, trans-el-e-tnen-ta-shun, A tne change of the elements of one body into those of another; transubstantiation. _ Transept, tran'-sept, s. The transverse portion of a ■ cmcilorm church or cathedral, Transfer, trans-fer', v a. To convey from one i^lace or person to another; to make over; to sell, give, or ^ILcrid'to Transfer’, trans'-fer, 8. The removal or convey^ce of a thing from one place or person to another, convey- Tr".LV;L\“a 1^ a That -ayJie ^003- fered from one place or person to another, ne^tiable. Transferooraphv, trans-fer-og -ra-fe, s. A mode of copying inscriptions from ancient tonjs, tablets, &c. tI^aSSeIred, tram-ferd’, pp. of «i^e verb to tr8. A wooden frame to confine a horse Travis, travf-ii^ j while the smith is shoing him , a beam ; a lay of joists ; a traverse. Travel, tratr-el^ v.n. To walk , to go or march onfoot; to journey , to go to a distant country. — v.a. To pass, to Journey over. — s. - A passing on foot; journey; a tour; toil; + pains of parturition. See Travail. — Travels, an account of occurrences and observations made during a jour- Travelled, trar/eld, a. Having made journeys, [ney. Traveller, traif-el-er, s. One who travels or visits foreign countries.— Traveller's-joy, the clematis vitalba, a climbing plant with white flowers. Travelling, trav'-el-ing, a. Pertaining to or connected with travel. [ing a journey. — 8. A passing from place to tflace ; the act of perform- TRAVERSjt tra^-erse, ad. (Fr.) Across ; athwart. Traversable, trav'-erse-A-hl, a. That may be traversed or denied. Traverse, ad. Athwart j cross-wise. — + prep. Through; cross-wise. — a. Lying across. _s. Anything laid or built across; something that thwarts, crosses, or obstructs ; a turning; a trick. —In fort., a parapet made across the covert-way to prevent its being enfiladed.—In arch.^ a gallery or loft of communication in any large building.—In nav., traverse-sailing is the mode of computing the place of a ship by reducing several short courses to one larger cours€v—lu law, a denial of what the oppo¬ site party has advanced in any stage of the pleadings^ Trav&rse-hoard, in a ship, a small hoard^ hung in the steerage, and bored full of holes upon lines, showing the points of compass upon \t.—Trnverse-tahle, in nav., Lllf pUlllLO *v. - - ---- ' a table of difference of latitude and departure. — v.a. To lay in a cross direction ; to thwart , to ob¬ struct : to survey carefully; to turn apd point in any direction—In law pleac^ings, to deny what the oppo¬ site party has alleged. — vn To turn, as on a pivot; to move round; to swivel —In the manege, to cut the ti*ead crosswise.— In fencing, to use the posture or motions of opposition. Traverser, trav'-er-ser, 8. A term in late, for one who traverses or opposes a plea. Travertine, trav'-er-tin, 8 . A white concretionary Travestied, trav'es-tid. pp. or a. Disguised; turned into ridicule. [ridiculous. Travesty, tratf-es-te, . Disguised by dress so as to he — 8. A parody ; a burlesque translation of a work. — V a To translate so as to render a subject ridiculous. Trawler, trawV-er, s. A fishing-vessel which drags a net behind it.— Trawler-men, fishermen who use un- TRArf^a! 8^ A shallow trough-like vessel or waiter, used for domestic or culinary purposes.—Jray-irti?, a kind of game at tables or draughts. Tre tra,i. (Ital.) In applied to three voices. Treacher,! treetch'-er, s. (Fr.) A traitor. Treacherous, tretch'-er-us, a. Violatmg allegiance or faith , traitorous to the state or sovweign ; faithless , perfidious ;—ad. Treacherously s. Treacherousness. TrfIcherv, s. Violation of allegiance or tre'-kl, 8 . A viscid syrup which drains from the sun-ar reflner’s moulds ; a saccharine fluid, con¬ sisting of the inspissated juices of certain vegetables. _ Tread p--mustar(ij an annual plant of the genus thlaspi —Trende-water, a compound cordiaJ, contain¬ ing a mixture of the Venice treacle or thenac. Tread, tred, v.n., pret. trod., pp. trod trodd^ Jo walk or go ; to walk with form or state , to copulate, as fowls.—Tc tread or tread on, to trample. ^ . - v.a. To step or walk on ; to press under the feet; to trample in contempt. ■ tiva — 8. A step or stepping; pressure with the foot, the act of copulation m birds , manner of stePPmg.-In arch., the horizontal part, of a step on which the foot is Disced—IVend-mtif, a prison mill worked hyper- sons treading on steps upon^he periphery of a wheel. Treader, tred'-er, 8. One who treads. 'teEADiNQ, tred'-ing, s. Act of pressing with the foot. TnEADDE 1 ( 8. The part of a loom or other TredmI’ machine which is moved by the foot; the alhuminons cords which unite the yelk of the egg to the white. TaEtso7,’i%n,’ I' OfSe of attempting to ^erthrow the sovereign, or subvert the government of the state to which the offender belongs.—JETt^^ treason imme¬ diately affects the huig.—Petit treason involves a breach of fidelity. Treasonable, tre'zn-h-bl, a. Pertaining to or consisting of treason ; treacherous;—ad. Treasonably s. Trea- sonable^xess. Treasure, trezh'-ur, s. Wealth accumulated; some¬ thing very much valued; great abundance.— Treasure- city, a city for stores and magazines.— a house or building where treasures and stores are Treasure-trove, any money, bullion, and the like, found in the earth, the owner of which is not known [future use. — v.a. To hoard ; to collect money or other things for Treasurer, trezh'-ur-er, s. One who has the care of treasure; an officer who receives the money of the public, or of private companies, corporations, or societies ;—s. Treasurership. [of treasure. Treasuress, trezh'-ur-es, e. A female who has charge Treasury, trezh’-ur-e, h. A place or bufiding where the public revenues are deposited and kept; the officer or officers of the treasury department; a repository of abundance. Treat, treet^ v.a. To handle ; to manage ; to discourse on; to give food or drink, as a compliment or expres¬ sion of regard ; to negociate ; to manage In the appli¬ cation of remedies. — v.n. To discourse ; to make discussions ; to come to terms of accommodation; to give food or drink as a compliment. . . — 8. An entertainment given as an expression of regard; something given for entei’tainment; an entertainment. Treatnhhj. Treatable, treet'-a-bl, a. Moderate; not violent; Treater, treet'-er, 8. One who discourses on ; one who entertains. [ticular subject. Tre.atise, treef-is, s. A written composition on a par- Treatment, treet'-ment, s. Management; manipula¬ tion ; manner of using; good or bad behaviour to¬ ward ; manner of applying remedies to. Treaty, 8. Negotiation; a formal agreement, league, or contr^iQt.—Treaty-making, authorized to make or form treaties. . [sharp. Treble, treb'l, a. Three-fold ; triple.—In music, acute , — s. The highest of the parts in singing, usually per¬ formed by women and children ; the one who plays o» sings the treble;—ad. Trebly:—s. Trebleness. — v.a. To make three-fold. — v.n. To become three-fold. . , , Treblb-cliee, treb'l-Jclif, s. In music, the character which determiDes the pitch and names of the hi^s'iesi parts. [a kind of toap. Trebdcket, tre'-buk-et, s. A cncklng-stool; a tnmhrel; Tree, tre, 8. A large and branchy plant whose stem or stock is woody and perennial.—In ship-building, meecs of timber are called chess-trees, cross-trees, roof-trees, tressel-trees, &c.—Tree-frog or Tree-toad, a batrachian reptile of the genus hyla.-Tree-germander, a plant of the germander kind.— Tree-louse, an insect of the genus aphis.—Tree-moss, a species of lichen.— natZ, a long wooden pin, used in fastening the planks of a ship to the timbers.—3Vce-o/-Zi/c, an evergreen tree of the genus thuja. Treeless, ire'-Zes, a. Destitute of trees. ^ ... Treplb, tref% s. In fort., a term used m anining for certain lodgrnents, of a trefoil shape. Trefoil, tre'-foyl, s. The common name for many species of trifolium, especially clover.—In arch., an ornament of three cusps in a circle, resembling tliroe- leaved clover. ^ # -i Treillage, treV laje, 8. (Fr.) In gard., a sort of laii- work, consisting of light posts and rails. Trellis, treV-Us, s. A structure or frame of cross- bkrrea or lattice work.— TrelHs-work, small bars nailed together, and crossing each other.used for verandahs, summer-houses, &c. Trellised, treV-list, a. Having trellises. Tremando, ad. (Ital.) In tnussc, a trem bling, or general shaking of the whole cord. Tremble, trem'-hl, v.n. To shake involuntarily , aR with fear or weakness ; to quake ; to shudder ; to shiver. Tremblement, irc»n'-&Z-»ncn^, s. (Fr.) In tntistc, a IriL or shake. , a Trembler, trem'-hler, s. One who trembles. Trembling, tremb'-ling, s. The act or state of shaking involuntarily ; treraour ; trepidation ad. blingly.—Tremhling-poplar, the aspen-tree. Tremella, tre-meV-la, s. A genus of fungi. TKEMEITDOUS [ 816 J TEICK IIIBMKND 003 , a. Such as may excite fear A 1 * _ _ A... *1 m _ ; dreadful; terror; violent; astonishing; terrib --^d. Tremendously Tremendousness. Srnbl’ende"’'"''’^’ ^ rRBMoLo, trem’-o-lo, ad. (Ttal.) In music, a word in- tremulous motion. [shiTerine REMoa, trem'-ur, 8. An involuntary tremblina or lEEMuLons, (mu-yu-lus, a. Trembling ; affected with T"m25our»,“^* Shivering ;_ad. Tremulously;-, rRENjf ^rcn, 8. A fish spear. w«er’ ?"* O’’ '!*» a channei for ramno;.* .*°**i(?' **1 ottttmg a ditch and raising a rampart; to intrench; to furrow. “ — v.n. To encroach. S“* **’® ^arth; a ditch.—In fori, dppu'S,4ll‘*^ '*’**a *‘’k 'J®**;’”’® ^'‘9es, trenches are urp?..v. ^ 1 , *’5" besiegers to enable them to ap- **1* p**®® attacked with more security.—To open the trtmches, is to begin to dig, or to fonn the nimfc'if ^'^'Toa.oh.— Trench-plough or plow, a kind of Tconm™ S-r^f ‘*"P*** *'”“* ***** Trenchant, trentcK-ant , a. Cutting: sharp. s. A wooden plate ; the table : h„,lv*^*S?®'*I®!,P* “® tsble.—TrcncAer-rty, one who haunts the table of others ; a parasite.— Trencher frtmd, one who frequents the tables of others a paraSte ~ a table companion ; a deep and exposing — 3. Inclination in a particular direction. •7„r*' *** «00'*-, to free wool from its filth. I RENDING, trend'-mg, s. Inclination ; stretching • the ^ operation of freeing wool from its filth. ” * ?,r*!.'*I'r ’ Anything round used in turning or rollmg ; a little wheel. u u* imumg *P *>’0 toafrirtTeTk’uli; ?sna;i. ’ ^ P**' perforate the skuU, and take out a piece to frip ^™*'* ‘*'d*** P'’®*^’’’’®! to ensna?e; io 4n- ^SJinS. *• A kind of food used by the Trepannee, tre-imn'-ner, s. One who trepans. OP 8. The operation of makiiK^ MmSilu.“^ ® reUeving the brain from ^^ok***”®’ 8. An instrument or saw for tre- panni^; a kind of trepan, but simpler. P„^;*- ^9 Perfm-ate -^th a trephine ; to trepan. I eepidJ trep -id, a. Trembling : quaking ^blfne'^'^a*“mJ^'S. ®''*‘*''***’"*’ *■■ involuntary trem- .,Umbl; Ration? emoS"'"®* " **-"****’****® ***-* * V.n. To pass beyond; to enter imlawfully upon the land of another; to do any act that injures or annoys another: to iutiTide.-In a moral sense, to violate any known rule of duty. ™ .I,® *** nnlawful act, committed with violence ^esslom P''°P®’**y' '■’gbts of another; trLs- Tsespasser, tresf-passer, s. One who enters nmn Snner'!^'® ®*®**^® "gbts ; an ofirender*^^a Tress, free, s. A Imot or curl of hair; a rfnelet Tressed, freet, a. Having tresses ; curled. } fres'i, ( *• Tb® frame of a table; a mov- ’’n.. .. . * .*'’'® f®"™ f®’’ supporting any thing.—^esHe frees, m mast-making, are two strong of the m™t*hMd*'^'^'^°”*’‘”**'*^'^°** *'*‘'‘ ®PP®®‘*® ®’des wftiftn ’ 8- Pn Tter., a border running parallel With the sides of the escutcheon. allowance to purchasers, for refuse matter, of four pounds on every 104 Uethinqs, treth'-ingz, s.pl. Taxes ; imposts. S bTihree’legi'‘““‘°*'°***“ ******* ***** *® ***?- Teei, iro, 8. A. card of three spotj. '"gntfy^SffvS.'^”'** *'*'* *^**" «*•*«*“- Triable, (p» -4-M, a. That may be subjected to trial Of test; that may undergo a judicial examination; that may properly come under the cognizance of a court Triableness, tri'-A-bi-nes, 8. The state of being triable. Triacontaheoeal, tri-A-kon-th-he'-dral, a. Having thirty sides.—In min., bounded by thirty rhombs Triad, tri'-ad, s. The union of three.-In music! tbs common chord, consisting of a note sounded along ■^ith its third and fifth.—In myth.y the mysterious union of three deities. Trial, tri’-al, s. Any effort or exertion of strength fol the purpose of ascertaining its effect; experience test; examination ; endeavour; temptation i afliio- tion.—In law^ the judicial examination of a cause between parties.—Trial at bar, a species of trial in difficult cases, which takes place before aU the judges at the bar of the court. Trialitt,!" tri-al'-e-te, s. Union of three. Teiandria, tri-an'-dre-A, s. In bot., the third class oi the Lmnican system, consisting of plants with three distmct and equal stamens, \_triandria IRIANDRIAN. fri-oii'-iir«-an, a. Belonging to the class IRIANGLE, frt -ang’l, s. In geom., a figure bounded by three hues, and containing three angles; a steel mstnunent of percussion in music, bent into the form ot a triangle.—In mil. punishments, three halberts or poles stuck in the ground and united at the top, to which soldiers are bound when flogged. Triangled, tri’-ang'ld, a. Haying three angles. 1 RiANGuLAR, tri-ang'-gu-lar, a. Having three angles_ Inangular numbers, the series of numbers formed bv the successive sums of the terms of an arithmetical progression, of wliich the common difference is 1 — Jrtangular compasses, compasses with tliree legs, us'ed in the construction of maps, charts, &c Triangdlation, tri-ang-gu-da'-shun, s. Use of a series 01 triangles m a trigonometrical survey. Triarcht, frT-dr-l:e, 8. Goyemment by three persons IRIARIAN fri-a-re-an, a. Occupying the third post. iRiAS, fr* -as, 8. In geol., a name sometimes given to the upper new red sandstone. [trias Thiassic, Irt-a^-sti, a. Pertaining to or composed of 1 RiBAL, frj -bal, a. Belonging to a tribe. * **■ ^’’Pfr^y- race, or series of generations descending from the same progenitor and kept dls tinct, as m the case of the twelve tribes of Israel • a division; a nation of savages.—In zool. and bot.! a division mtermediate between order and genus. laiBLET, trtb'-let, s. A goldsmith’s tool for making rings. ® *■ IbiRcrk., an instrument for measuring the force of friction. [syllables laiBRACTEATE, fri-trol:-fr-ale, a. Having three bracts. Tribulation, trib-u-la -shun, s. Severe affliction; vexa- »,**?p^. , , . , Con which the judges are seated. Tribunal, tr^h^-nal, s. A court of justice ; the bench IRIBUNART, tnV-u-na-re, a. Pertaining to tribunes. IRIBUNE, tnb'-yune, s. An ancient Homan officer selected by the people to defend their liberties; a bench or elevated place, from which speeches ’were delivered; whence Tribuneship and Tribunate i-'-o. Irtbuntcian. , trib'-u-a-re, a. Paying tribute; subordi- Zn!, ’ P®''fr.?g supplies of any thing ;-ad. Tributa- ri *■ ^r'^n^nTiiiess. [submission. — s. one who pays tribute as an acknowledgment c' IRIBUTE, friif-ufr, s. An annual sura paid by one nation to another; a personal contribution. — T.a. To pay as tribute. Tricapsular, tri-kap'-su-lar, a. In bot., three-capsuled IRICE, tnse, T.a. In naut. language, to haul up bv means of a rope. “p - s. A very short time; an instant. Tricennial, tri-sen'-ne-al, a. Denoting thirty years fri'-sQis, s. In anat., the three-beaded muscle which occupies the exterior part of the os humeri Twcjoptera tre-kopt-ter-A, s.pl. In entom., the case Trichord, tt'J-kawrd, s. A three-stringed lyre iRiCHOTOMOub, tre-kot'-e-mus, a. Dlyided by threes 1 RiCHOTOMT , tre-kot'-o-me, s. Division into three parts TRmHRoi^, trt-kro-tzm, s. Quality ot presentin* three different colours. ■» r m presenon* "*^0*55' '*■’* ®rf*®®® fof tke purposp of deception ; ' Lxti^‘!wTr*tm®'***'*i™’*®! ’ 8fr®t®Seni; deceptfon; s dextrous artifice; legerdemain ; a Dartiouiar hab't TEIOK [ 817 ] TRINITY Taicr, T.a. To decciye; to impose on; to dressto decorate; to adorn fantastically. —• v.n. To live by deception and fraud. Tricker, trik'-er, a. See Tbiqger. [stratagem. Trickert, trik'-er-e, 8. Art of dressing up; artifice; rRicRiNG, trikf-ing, 8. Dress ; ornament. Trickish, ^r»Ar'-is/i, a. Artful in making bargwns; de¬ ceptive ; knavisb;—ad. Trickishly Trickishness. Trickle, trik'l^ v.n. To flow in a small, gentle stream. Trickling, trik'- ling, s. Act of flowing in a gentle stream. . Irickment^ trik’-ment, s. Decoration. Trickster, trik'-ster, s. One who tricks ; a deceiver. Tricksv,+ a. Pretty; brisk. [gammon. Trick-track, trik’~trak, s. A game resembling back- TjaicLiNATE, trik'-le-nate , a. In min., a term applied to crystals in which the three axes are all obliquely inclined to one another. _ [or triclinium. Tricliniary, tri-klin'-e-d-re, a. Pertaining to a couch Triclinium, tri-klin'-e~um, s. (Lat.) A couch for re¬ clining at meals, usually for three persons. T Ricoccous, tri-kok'-kus, a. Applied to a three-grained capsule which swells out in three protuberances. Tricolour, tre'-kul-lur, s. The national French banner of three coloiu’s. Tricoloured, tre'-kiil^lurd, a. Having three colours. Tricornigerous, tri-kawr~nij'-er-us, a. Having tliree horns. , Tricorporal, tri-katvr'-po-ral, a. Having three bodies. 1 'ricuspid, tri-kus'-pid, a. Having three points, as the tricuspid valve. Tricuspidate, tri-kii^-pe-date, a. In hot., three-pointed. Tridactylous, tri-dakf-til-us, a. Having three toes. Tride, tride, a. Among hunters, short and ready. Trident, tv%'~dent, s. In myth., a kind of sceptre or spear with three prongs ; as represented in the hands of Neptune, as god of Ihe sea ; and also of Britannia, as holding the control of the ocean. — a. Hhving three teeth or prongs. [of Trent. Tridentinb, tri-den'-tin, a. Pertaining to the Council Tridirpason, tri-di-(i-pa'-zun, s. In music, a triple oc¬ tave. Tridodecahedral, tri-do-dek-d-Jie'-dral, a. In cryst., presenting three ranges of faces, each containing twelve faces. [pening every third day. TaiDUAN,t trid'-u-an, a. Lasting three days, or hap- Triennial, tri-en'-ne-al. a. Continuing three years, as a parliament; happening every thi*ee yearsad. Trt- ennially. . , . , Trier, tri'-er, s. One who tries or makes experiments; a iudge who tries a person or cause ; a test. Trierarch, tri'-er-di% s. The ancient commander of a trireme; whence ^ , Tripallow, tri'-fal-lo, v.a. To plough land the third time before sowing. ,. Trifarious, tri-fa'-re-US, a. Arranged in three rows. Trifid, a. In &o«., three-cleft. Trifistulary, tri-fis'-tu-lci~re, a. Having three pipes. Trifle, tri'-Ji, s. A thing of veiT little value or impor¬ tance ; a cake. . . , , . ,. , — v.n. To act or talk with levity; to mdulge in light amusements.—To trifle with, to play the fool with; to spend in vanity ;—ad. Triflingly ; s. Trijiingness. Trifler tri'-fler,s. One who trifles or acts with levity. Trifling, tri-fling, ppr. Acting or talking with levity. — a Of smkli value; trivial; worthless. — s. Employment about things of no importance. Tuiflorous, tri-no'~rus, a. Bearing three flowers. Trifoliate, a. Having three leaves. Trifoliolatb, tri-fo'~le~o-lo.te, a. Having three folioles. Trifoly, tri'-fo-le, s. Sweet trefoil. Triforium, Wi-fo'-re-um, s. (Lat.) The gaUery or open space between the vaulting and the roof of the aisles of a church. . ^ ^ Triform, tri'-faiorm, a. Having a triple form. Trifurcated, tri-fur'-ka-ted, a. Having three branches or forks TRio,t trig, v.a. To fill; to stuff; to stop, as a wheel. -1 a. Full; trim ; neat. . x ^ Tsiqamous, trig'-d-mxis, a. In hot., having three sorts of flowers in the same head. . ^ Trigamy, trig'-d-me, s. State of being married three times ; having three husband or wives at the same Tei^^er, trigf-ger, s. A catch to hold the wheel of a carriage on a declivity; the catch of a musket or pistol; the part which, when pulled,looses the lock ror striking fire. Tbigintals, trirjin'~talz, s.pi. See Trental. Triglyph, trig'-lif, 8. A sculptured ornament m th* frieze of the Doric column, repeated-at equal inter¬ vals ;—a. Triglyphic. Trioon, ^H'-<7on, s. A triangle; an ancient triangulai lyre or harp a. Trigonal. Trigonometrical, trig-o-no-mef-re-kal. a. Pertaining to trigonometry;—ad. Trigonometrically. Trigonometry, trig-o- 7 iom'-e-tre,s. The science of de¬ termining the sides and angles of triangles by means of certain parts which are given. Triorammatic, tri-gram-mat'-ik, a. Containing three sets of characters or letters. Trigrammic, tri~gram'-mik, 3 L. Consisting of three letters. Trioraph, tri'-graf, s. A name given to three letters having one sound. Trigynia, tri-jin'-e-&, 8. In hot., an order of plants having three styles a. Trigynian. Trihedron, tri-he'-dron, s. A figure having three equal sides— 3 l. Trihedral. [third. Trihemitone, tre-he?n'-e-tone, s. In music, a minor Trijuqous, tri-ju'~gtt 8 , a. In hot., having three pairs of leaflets. iTrilaterally. Trilateral, tri-lat'-er-al, a. Having three sides ad. Trilingual, trt-ling'-gwal, a. Consisting of three lan¬ guages. [three letters. Triliteral, tri-Ut'-er-al, s. or a. A word consisting of Trilithon, triV-e-thon, s. Tiuee stones placed together Like door-posts and a lintel. [i^^g- Trill, tril, s. A quaver ; a shake of the voice in smg- — v.a. To utter with a quavering or tremulousness of voice; to shake. — v.n. To flow in a small stream, or in drops rapidly succeeding each other; to trickle; to shake or quaver. Trillando, tre-lan'-do, ad. In music, with shakes or quavers. . , , Trillion, tril'-yun,&. The product of a million involved to the third power, and expressed by a unit with ciphers annexed. Trilobate, tri-lo'-bate, a. Having three lobes. Trilobite, tri'-lo-bite, or tril'-o-bite, s. One of an ex¬ tinct family of Crustacea, found in the earliest foss> liferous strata. , ,, , Trilocular, tri-lok'-yu-lar, a. In hot., three-celled. Trilogy, triV-o-je, s. A series of three dramas, bearitl an historical or mutual relation to each other. TRiLUMiNAR,^H 4 w'-me-»acM‘, j Having three lights. Triluminous, tr%-lu -me-nus ,) Trim, trim, a. Firm; compact; being in good order. • v.a. To dress ; to decorate ; to make neat; to adjust. to rebuke, or reprove sharply; to adjust the cargo oi a ship; to arrange in due order of sailing.—In carp to .dress or make smooth.— To trim in, in carp., to fit. —To trim up, to dress ; to put in order. , — v.n. To balance; to fluctuate between parties. — 8. Dress; gear; ornaments; the state of a vessel with reference to the disposition of her cargo, &c. Trimerous, tri'-mer-us, a. In ent., having three pieces or articulations. [montlis Trimester, tri-mes't-er, B. A term or period of three Trimeter, trim'-e.-ter, s. A poetical division of verse, consisting of three measures ;—a. Trimetrical. Trimetric, tri-meif-rik, a. In min., a term applied to crystals with the axes of three kinds. Trimly, trim'-le, ad. Nicely ; neatly ; in good order. Trimmer, trim'-t 7 ier, 8. One who trims; a time-server , a small beam. iTrtmmtngly. Trimming, trun'-ining, ppr. Putting in due order;—ad. — s. Ornamental appendages to a garment. [order. Trimness, '.o<,f'essio7i.tD. old music, o, senes of perfect fifths.— Jtalt, m, chemistry, a. salt in which two bases are ccmbined with one acid — Irtple-crowned, having throe Qvowns.—Triple-headed, having three heads. ’ — v.a. To make three-fold. Triplet, trip'-let, s. Three united.—In poetry, three verses rhyming together.—In music, three notes sung or played m the time of two. Triplicate, trip/-le-hate , a. Made thrice as much ; tliree-fold.—TripZ. ratio, m math., the ratio of cubes to each other. ib ^ paper or thing corresponding to two others of the same kind.— Triplicate-ternate, in hot thrice ternate. ^ Triplication, trip-le-ka'-shun, s. The act of trebling or making three-fold.—In civil law, the same'as surre¬ joinder m common law. rfold Triplicitt, tri-pits'-e-te, s. The state of being threo- Tripling. trip'-ling, s. The act of making three-fold. iRiPLiTE, trip'-lite, 8. An imperfectly crystallized mineral. Tripod, tri^-pod, or trip'-od, s. A bench, stool, or seat wpnorted by three legs, on which the priest and sibyls in ancient times were placed to render oracles. Tripoli, trip'-o-le, s. In min., a mineral originally metafs used in poUshing stones and Tripos, ir«'-poa, s.; pi. Triposes. A tripos-paper, or the l^reon who prepwes the paper, which, at Cam\)ridge, IS a printed list of the successful candidates for mathe- ^tical honours.—UZaMtVflZ tripos examination is the unai university examination for classical honours. Tripper, trip'-per, s. One who trips or supplants ; one who walks nimbly. Tripping, trip'-ping, ppr. Supplanting ; stumbling. — a. Quick ; nimble ;—ad. I'rippingly. — 8. The act of tripping , a light dance ; the loosing of an anchor from the ground by its cable. Tripsis, trip'-sis, s. The technical term for shampooine. Triptote, trip/-tote, s. In gram., a name or noun having three cases only. Tripudiaby, tri-pu'-de-A-re,2i. Pertaining to dancing. Tridudiate, tri-pu'-de-ate , v.n. To dance. Tripcdiation, tri-pu-de-a'-shun, 8. Act of dancing. Tripyramid, tri-pir'-d-rnidyS. In mtn.,a genus of spars, with pyroxidal crystals. Triquetrous, tri-kw^ -Uus, a. Having three plain sides;—ad. Triquetrously. Triradiated, tri-ra'-de-a-ted, a. Having three rays. iRiREME, tri'-reme, s. A galley or vessel with three benches of oars on a side. [rhombic faces or sides. Trirhomboidal, tri-rom-boyd'-aX, a. Having three Trisacramentarian, tri-sak-rd-men-ta'-re-an, s. One who admits of three sacraments. Trisagion, tris-af-e-on, s. In the Gr. Church, a hymn in which the word ho’y is repeated three times. Trisect, tri-sekt', v.a. To cut or divide into three equal parts. [ixito three parts. Trisection, tri-sek'-shun, s. The division of a thing iRiSEPALous, tri-sep'-d-lus, a. In hot., having three sepals or small bracts of a calyx. Trisoctahedron, tris-ok-trd-he'-dron, s. A solid bounded by tweuty-foT^ equal faces. Trispaston, tri-spa-tun, s. In a machine W'ith three pulleys for raising great weights. Trispermous, tri- 8 pm''-mu 8 , a. Three-seeded. Trist^ risi, la. Sad; sorrowful; gloomy;— Tristful, t trisf-ful, i ad. Tristfully. imsTiTiATE^ tris-tish'-ate, v.a. To make sad. I Irisulcate, tri-suV-kate, a. Having three furrows, i iRiSYiXABLE, iris-sil'-d-bl, s. A word consisting of three syllables ;—a. Trisyllabic and TrisvUabical. Capable of being re- [very fine powder. To rub or grind to a s. Act of reducing to a syllables ;—a. Trisyllabic and Trisyllabical. Trite, trite, a. Worn out; common; stalead. Tritely ■ —s. Triteness. Triternatf, iri-ter'-nate, a. Three times ternate In hot., applied to a trebly-divided petiole. , Tritheism, tri'-the-izm,%. The doctrine that the Father, Son and Holy Spirit are tliree distinct persons in the Godhead; whence Tritheist and Tritheite Trithe- tstic. Irith'Ing, tri'-thing, s. One of three divisions of the county of York, now called Riding. Triton, s. In a fabled sea demi-god ; a moUusk; a genus of batracliian reptiles or aquatic salamanders. Tritone, tri'-tone. s. In music, a false concord. iRiToxiDE, tri-tok'-sid, s. In chem., a non-acid com pound of one equi-»alent of a base with three equivalents of oxygen. Tritdrable, trif-yu-rd-bl, a. duced to a fine powder. Triturate, triv-yu-rate, v.a. Trituration, trit-yu-ra'-shun, fine powder. Triture,^ trit'-yure, s. A rubbing or grinding. IRITURIUM, tri-tew'-re-um, s. A chemical vessel for separating liquors of diflferent densities. Iriumph, s. State of being victorious; con¬ quest; ^y or exultation for success.—Among the ^cient Romans, a pompous ceremony performed in honour of a victorious general. — v.n. To celebrate victory with pomp; to reloice for victory; to insult upon an advantage gained! iRiuMPHAL, tri-umf'-al, a. Pertaining to triumph used m a triumph. — s. A token of victory. Triumphant, tri-.unif'-ant, a. Celebrating victory victonoi^; graced with conquest; exulting in success; —ad. Triumphantly:- [toir Triumpher tri'-um-fer, s. One who rejoices for vic- Triumvir, Zrt-wm'-vtr, s.; pi. Triumviri, or Triumvirs. One of three men united in office; a title more especially apphed to a Roman tribunal, possessing supreme authority. [men in coalition. iRiuMviRATB, trx-um'-ve-rate. s. Government by three Iriune, frt -yune, a. Three in one ; an epithet expres- si ve of the unity of the Godhead in a trinity of persons Triunitt^: Trinity. Triyalvular, tri-vaW yu-lar, a. Three-valved. Trivant, tr%i/-ant, s. A truant. TRIVEEBIAL [ 819 ] TEOWEL Triteb.bia.l, trt-ver'-oe-aly a. Applied to Jundlcal or court days among the ancient Romans. Trivet, 8. A three-legged support. Trivial, triv'-e-al, a. Trifling ; of little worth or im¬ portance ; worthless ; common ; light; vulgar; ad. Trivially s. Trivialness and + Triviality. Trivivm, trii/~e-nm, s. (Lat.) A name applied to the three arts of Grammar, Logic and Rhetoric. Troat, trote, v.n. To crj, as a buck in rutting time. Trocar, tro-kd'/, s. (Pr.) A surgical instrument for tapping dropsical persons. Trochaic, tro-ka'-ik, a. In poetry, consisting of tro¬ chees. See Trochee. Trochanter, iro-/;an'-ier, 8. In nnat., one of the two processes of the thigh-bone at the upper end, called major and minor. ,, . Troche, tro’-ke, s. (Gr.) In med., a small lozenge or cake generally composed of sugar a.nd mucilage. Trochee, tro'-kee,^. Tnpoeiry,a foot of two syllables, the first long and the second short. Trocheter, tro-ke'-ter, 8. In anat., a name given to the CTeat tuberosity of the scapular extremity of the os orackii TaocioD®, trok’-e-de, s.pl. A family of testaceou^s mol- lusca, the shells of which are e:enerally trochiform. —Sub-family, Trochince; of wluch the trochua is the XiJ^cmLic, tro-kil'-ik, a. Having power to timroimd. TnocHiLics, tro-kil’-ik 8 ,%. The science of rotary motion Tkochit.us, froA'-c-iMs,Is. In zool., the hammin„ bird Trocuil, M-kih f or honey-sucker -In arcA , a hollow ring round a column ; an aquatic bird, with long legs; a name given to the golden-crowned Trochings, s.pl. The small branches on the A kind of tablet or lo.ense- TMCHiTm s. A name given to the separate ioints of the stem of a fossil encrinite. Tkochi-ea., tr„k’-le-A, s. (Lat.) A pulley-hke cartilage, toough which the tendon of the trochleary muscle nasses;—a. Trochleary. , Lp* Trochleate, trokf-le-ate, a. In hot., twisted in Trochoid. tro'~koyd, s. In geom ,the curve described by any point in a wheel rolling straight forward on a Trochoide'^* tro~koy’-des, s. In anat., a species of mov- ^rblfernexion o"f bones, in which one hone rotates TuT” iw'lptet. of the yerh h, tread ; vv^rol trodden ] iTolliri L/rfiteI:Tln.rne given to severa^ ‘ eilXte^ cToSna” S “Hate^Man of the Woods,” is one of the same Ta^oNin*, tro-gon'-e-de, s.pl.^ A family birds, with short hiUs and short wings, of which the rROi.t°”ro!,^v!a'^^^To move in a circular direction, to roll; to move volubly; to turn; to drive about i to sing or take up in succession, as a catch. — V n To roll; to run about.—Among anglers, to fish, as for pikes, with a rod whose line runs on a wheel or TaoSoP, troV-lop, s. A stroller; a lo«eter ; a sjatte™^ Troi.mtdvmes, troV-me-daymt, 8. (Fr.) The j,ame o 8, (It.) , 4 i^t«P>‘Xree*?uhS' ment of the trumpet kind, consisting of three tunes Trombone picciolo is a small sachut. j Tromp, tromp, 8. A blowing machine formed of a hoUow tree, used in furnaces. . Trompil, trom'-pil. 8. An aperture in a tromp. Tunvk bro'-nCi 8 A native sesqnicarbonate of sqda. Tllla:oTtr^-na,e%. For,ne^y,e. toll for weiglung TuroV, (S’-’ s=SS’. .issv Scottiah weights, now disused- Troop, troop, s. A collection of people ; a company ; a number; a multitude; a company of stage-players.— In the army, a body of soldiers; a company of cavalry, Ught-hoi*8e, or dragoons pi. Troops, soldiers in —*v.n. To collect m numbers ; to march in a body. Trooper, troorf-er, s. A private in a body of cavalry, a horse-soldier Trope, trope, 8. In rhet., a word or expression used in a different sense from that which it properly signifies. Trophi, tro'-fi, 8.-pl. In enfom., the parts employed in feeding. Trophied, tro'-fid, a. Adorned with trophies. Trofhonian, tro-fo'-ne-an, a. Pertaining to the Grecian architect Trophonius, or his architecture. Trophosperm, trof-o-sperm, 8. In hot., that part of the ovary from which the ovules arise. Trophy, 8 . A pile of aims taken from a van¬ quished enemy ; the representation of such a pile in marble ; anything taken or preserved as a memorial of victory ; something that is evidence of victory. —In arch., an ornament representing the stem of a tree, charged with arms and military weapons.— Trophy-money, a duty formerly paid by housekeepers toward providing military accoutrements for the militia. , ^ * Tropics, ^rop'-tA:s, s. In and asiron., the lines at which the sun reverts his course toward.? the equator being 23 ® 28 ' north and south ; the space between The torrid zo7ie.^Tropic-bird, an aquatic fowl of the gull family. _ . . .x, • Tropical, trop'-e-kal, a. Pertaining to, or being within the tropics; figurative.—2Voptcal-year, the time between the sun’s leaving a tropic and its return to it;—ad. Tropically. [ofspeech. Tropist, iro'-pist, s. One who deals in tropes or figures Tropology, tro-poV-o-je, s. A rhetorical mode of speech, including tropes a. Tropological. Trot, trot, v.n. To move faster than in walking, as a horse or other quadruped ; to walk fast. — s. The pace of a horse or other quadruped faster than a walk ; an old woman. Troth troth, b. Belief; faith ; fidelity; truth; veracity. —Troth-plight, ihe act of betrothing or plighting faith. Troth-plighted, having fidelity ; pledged. Trothless, i" troth'-les, a. Faithless ; treacherous. Trotter troif-ter,B. A beast that trots; a sheep’s foot. Trotting, irot'-frny, ppr. or a. "Moving with a trot; walking fast. , . • ^ Trottbad'odr, troo'-bA-door, s. A name given in the Middle Ages to the poets of Provence and bormandy. Trouble, trub'bl, v.a. To agitate; to disturb, to put into confused motion ; to perplex ; to busy ; to give occasion for labour ; to sue for a debt. _ — 8 Disturbance ol mind ; commotion of spirits ; dis¬ tress ; misfortune ; annoyance or vexation. Troubled, trub'bld, pp. or a. Disturbed ; agitated. Troubler, trub'-hler, s. One who disturbs ; a disturber. Troublesome, trub'bl-sum, a. Giving trouble or incon- venience ; uneasy ; vexatious ; perplexing ; annoy¬ ing ■ Importunate ad. Troublesomely s. Trouble- jOTiiCTCSs commotion. Troi biino, trub'-bling, 8. Act of disturbing or putting Troublous, tn.b'-Uua, a. Agitated ; tumultuous ; full of commotion. Tbov-db-rat, ’-/««>l,s. A buUdingwith a sloping roof on one side only-_ ^ week. Tuesday, Tk t J^^g^g formed by de- Tuea, tew -fa, ®g±foo 3 from water, usually calcareous; Turr, tuf, I position basaltic material, a volcanic sand rock o top consisting TurACEODS, (U-/0a. aci. o j_See Typhoon. of tufa. violent tempest or tornado. TorrooN, tuf ".f of small things in a knot or Xurr, tuft, ®-. dSSip-Tn bof , a head of flowers. veto .“ the universities for a ?o se^S fts ; f ^dorn wuh taf^ TurxY, tuft’-e,&. Aibounding with tufts; growing in clusters. , ♦ Tug, tug, v.a. To puU or draw with gieateffort, t haul along ; to pull. _y n Xo pull with great effort j to labour. — 8. A pull with effort; a sort of carnage; a etreani vessel used to tow ships ; a steam-tug. Ttjggess, tua -get, & Ofle who tugs or pulls with effor* Tugging, tug^-ging, 8. Laboiious pul^g Tugqjngly, tug'-ging-le, ad. "With laborious Tuisco, tu-ls'-ko, s. In Scand. myth., the God Of ar, to whose worship Tuesday was the day set apart. Tuition, tu-ish'-un, s. Guardianship; superintending care over a young person; instruction; business of teaching the various branches of learning Tuitionaby, tu-ish'-un-d-re, a. Pertaining to tuition. Tulip, teW-lip, 8. A bulbous plant with beauUful belL shaped flowers, of the geuus tuhpa.-Tuhp-tree, a large tree bearing flowers like the tuliP; Tulipomania, tew-lip-o-ma'-ne'd, s. A violent passion for the acquisition of tulips, which was the rage in TuLLVfoohT'^'c^-) A- kind of silk open-work or lace. Tumble, tum’-bl, v.m To roll about; to f;^ ; to come down suddenly ; to play mountebank tricks. — v.a. To turn over; to disturb; to rumple. TcMB^i!^f«m'-6ier, s. One who tumbles; one who nlavs the tricks of a mountebank; a large drmkmg glass ; a variety of the domestic pigeon; a sort of dog Tumbling, turn' bling, s. Act of tumbUng; performances TuMBam,?^if»»'-arei, a A ducking-stool for the punish luent of scolds; a rough cart, a cart or carnage which accompanies troops or artillery, for conveying ammunition, tools, &c, ^ Tumbril, lum'-bril, 8. A kind of cage of osiers, wil- Tumefaction, tu-me-fak'-shun, s. Act or process ol swelling or rising into a tumour ; a swelling. Tumefied, tu'-me-jide, pp. or a. SiveUed ; enlarged. Tumefy, tu'-me-fi, v.a. or v.n. To swell, or cause to swell; to rise in a tumour. „ „ , , j;. Tumid, tew'-mid, a. Being swelled, enlarged, or dis¬ tended ; protuberant; falsely sublime; bombastic ,— ad. Tumidly i—s. Tumidness. _ Tumour, tew'-mur, s. ,{Lat.) In surg., a morbid enlargement; affected pomp; bombast m Tumoured, tew'-murd, a. Distended; swelled. TuMounous, tew’-mur-us, a. Swelling; prcrtuberanl, Tump, lump, 8. A little billock. '^'^5 — v.a! In Aorf., to form a mass of earth round a plant. Tumular, tew'-mu-lar, a. Consisting m a heap, formed In a heap. Tumulate,!: tew'-mu-late, V.n. To swell. Tumulosity, tew-mu-los'-e-te,s. HilMess. Tumulous, tew’-mu-lus, a. EuJ oi hills. Tumult, tew’-muU, s. Violent commotion or agitation, with contusion of sounds, high excitement i uproar; — V n. To be In commotion. . , , Liemieiu. Tumultuary , tu-mult'-yu-a-re, a. restless; agitated; unquiet;—ad. lumultuatily, a. Tumult make a tumuli, Tumultuation, tu-mult-yu-a'~sh\m, s. Commotion disorderly movement. Tdjiultuous, tu-mult'-yu-us, a. Dn of tumult and disorder; noisy; turbulent, ad. In muitUOUSlV ,'““S. ItinitiitUOUSHCSS, ^ Tumulus, tew'-mu-lus, s. (Lat.) ^ ‘.Mimes''^ raised over those who were buried m ancient times. Tun tun 8 A large cask ; an oblong vessel b^gmg in ^ the miidie ; a certain measure f®";.^.f^aSons’ oil &c.; a quantity of wine, consisting of 262 gallons. Tn’com the weight of twenty hundreds gross, eat h hunS “nslstS.g of 112 Ih 8 .= 2 , 2 i 0 lbs.; a certaiu Quantity of timber.—Proper*., a large quantity. Ttin S a tunne\.-Tun-belHed, havmg a large, pro- tabeiS’Luy.-At the end of proper names, tun, ton, or don signifies toton, vilage, or hill. ?UN!iLE^’°lo" j“w,T''Harmonious; musical; melodi¬ cs that may be put in tune ;-ad. TunaUy ,-s, Tuna- Tune ** ewn, *• A series ol musical notes in some par- tioiAar measure, and of a given lei^th; melody harmony ; concert of parts ; right disposition ; hi temper or humour. fWHn? TUNE THEN [ 822 ] put into a stiito adaptod to produce thf» proper sounds ; to sing with melody or haSnouy ^ sound to another; to utter inar¬ ticulate harmony with the voice. \Tu7iefully Tuneful, tewn'-ful^ a. Harmonious : melomoua J unharmonlous. TDNr^utT mstruinenta. fionth ?■ ^ troublesome msect of Smjtli America, wbrch inserts its eg«s In the himiM Tckostsxs tur^-.tate. s. A salt forL““oT Tlnostsn, tung’-sten, s. A metal of a grayish SfoS Do^d^ ^ ^ Steel.—Tuwyslic-afid £ an acid com- oiygen ^ equivalent ot tungsten and three of Tukic, isMf-na'A, 8. A loose garment; an under ffarment worn by both sexes in tlfe East^a Iom Sid^lf ment worn by the Komish clergy.—In anat a nrem h[tegu2^^nr''“* covering; an Tcnicahv, tew'-ne-ka-re^ s. An animal of the mollusran tribe, enveloped with a double tunic. “lolluscan luNiciTSD, Uw'-ne-ka-ted, a. In hot., covered with » tunic or membrane. ’ witn a -^“atural covering; an intelm- ^coSi«hmt,f Jw “ -"^S-fa“^rk, s, A stell instrumfSJt sti^mi, in«/r? Pthnss end a handle, used for tuning stjlugediustrumeuts.— lunuig-hatmtier aninstmnipnf TunVi'^f ‘i*" a/d the pimloToSf luNNAOE, tun -na^e, s. The amount of tuns that a shin wiU ca^y i the content or burden of a ship ; the duty ch^ged on slups according to their burden • a duty mW rn according to their measure ; a dmy Fh.v. “farmers by merchants for unloading their tlie^tuus^*^ whole amount of shipping, estimated by Tchnel, tun'-nei, a. A broad-mouthed tubular vessel for conveying hquor into casks, Ac., the openLrof a lor tllG TI?lSS;)i 7 P <»f crv.rvl/.^ . „ C, __ 1 ® . . P'‘»»age of smoke ; k fumifl", an^krti- litiaJ rtrch or passage for conducting canals or rail constructing sewSs^ bm-neA^ ^ wliiSh coal is pnH^flnH a net with a wide mouth at e end and narrow at the ~Tunnel-mt a shaft v tomel hfr ri “ tiic level of an hitended tminel, for di awing up the earth aud stones. -a"tu Jel^^eT. Vri^Ti^^’ fo'-Sfafe^ln" Tn^or^iliJdlk'lS^er^"'^ ^ till’ ^ ®' A. fish allied to the mackerel some- I ur limits or a Tiheix.—Txirban-crowned, crowned with a of L^ mchmf “ W'tlar nailie g“venl eThSi^ of the%" ‘■‘^“ic or mushroom' a- Wearing a turban. ] wr'SithefcoSyf Tc'aBmi’imfinverted; whii-lij?g. whilhif ’ 8. Act of spinning or XuaL'rPCtoitled shell of the^'gefui thfturbot ’ ^ ’''t® domestic pigmon , S; > flat-lish with a body nearly clr- cular, much used for food. uca,,, lit tcRsf “cT ‘iar'wf i ^ disturbed state ; a m“lS*ra’'gitXnVtr.L’t.' tifn'’'‘Spl“’^i?i’^^^ “ violent commo- tumiltuo?.%f®§.“^®fX5r““^^^ “•* the Turks ”. tM-recn ,3. A vessel for holding soup tad of earthy substance usc^ -as fkll rkce-Ko^^d - -r-l v i 7^ •'kf ® ‘‘vain filled with turf or oeat. plfnt^S? Sktrem t"'^“td bol^dSd'* of^timf.-^r/-moss, a tract of turfy or ^HigllSr fPv cutting and — y.a. To cover with earth or sod. a. Made of turf or covered with turf o™'’ ‘“v/'-f-nss, s. The eonsismfce oTquaSes rS/f under-cutting torf ToBoss“«f’,‘:;;:f,fr,r:^ ft of swenmg. pompousness “Ktion "’ > f«tng sweUed ; TSaK™f“f If t"'A’‘&“t’ ?r ‘Pvodncmg shoots. reiu?Med‘'t°^S’ope-Tm -4 f “““'’/^cvi'oa; ^- reselblaneftb^mkef- pSiH=aS2?52S the genus ranunculus S’grerfeoliur. “ Puuuliar Tub.LDPIN8, tur'-lu~n%nz S nl fVr \ A wvvwi the precursors of the Reformatfon. ^ nickname for TuRM,:j: turm, s. A troop. luRMALiN, tur'-mci-lin, s. An electric ston^ rrfaiht‘hfi'““^‘®ek*LX®,e^ "?®‘~ avert.—To ««»•» away, to dismiss • to discird “r^t’ t® down, to fold or doubie d^n distaid.—2o tnrn pect-f: bZunfdil to^fe'adfi£SeH?‘ I upon, to retort.-To turn the back, to flee f IS ttt be direrfed ,'tom?ve thf ?o%^^oSfd"^t“o r“f/vf S s:s.i &•£.*■’ i¥;£.f; 5 F£is:“ quarter.-To turn moav, to devfate f 1 °t'‘®v out, to move from its place , 'tif rise from hoO Z’‘ directed.-To turn under fo bfnd 7 r h. fml?’,'® ''® mean^er“rco'S^“'f ® winding; a .1 s*.;W-iz.- ssjzssKifg TURNER 823 ] TWINE take each other’s places alternately.—rMrTi-bmcA, a kind of iron lathe.—Titra-cap, a chimney-top which tnms round with the wind.— Turn-coai. one who for¬ sakes his party or principles.— rnrn-o«i, a quitting of employment, the place in a railway where cars ti^ out of the wKy—Turn-serving, the practice of serving ... i »-jcrnw.^ a nirn Ot Tutored, teio'-turd, pp. _ V.- IW n-Dtlt vmy , WliS. ww. -- „ one’s turn.—rurn-sic/c, giddy.—a bird of the snipe family.—Tt^rn-fa6/e, a large reyolving plat¬ form, for turning railroad cars, locomotives, &c., into a different direction. j ^ Turner txim'-er, s. One who turns wood or ivory in a lathe; one who practises gymnastic exercises; a gymnast. [sphene in its Turneritb, tnrn'-er-ite, s. A rare mineral resembling Turnery turn'-er-e, s. Articles turned by a lathe ; the act of forming into a cylindrical shape. . Turning, 8 . A winding; a bending course, flexure , deviation from the proper course.— Turning- point, the point which decides a case. TuRNiNQNESs.t turn'-ino-nes, s. Tergiversation. Turnip, tnr'-nip, s. A Wbous root or plant, the 6ms- sica mpa and 6rossica compesfrts. XcRNOvnii, tutni'-.o-ver, s. A piece of white linen cloth, formerly worn by cav^ry over their stoclM; an prentice turned over from one master to another. hirnover-table, a table which can he turned v?*nrn”-fee, s. One who keeps the keys of a Turnpixb, turn'-pike, 8. A gate set across a road to stop travellers and carnages till toll is Kf-fJ,' ing^the road in repair.—In mtl. affairs, a sort of to impede the advance of an enemy.—Turn¬ pike-road, a road on which turnpikes or tollgates are A plant, the heliotrope so called because its flowers are said to turn towards the sun. Turnspit, tnrn>-spit,s. A person who turns a spit^ 8 . A revolving frame in a foot^ Turpentine, s. A ti*anspareiit, resinous substance Aowing from several species of nine larch, &c—Turpentine-tree, a tree of the genus »isoy,forfwain,two. Twat-blade, tway'-blade, s. A British plant, iisfera Tweak, tweek, v.a. To twitch ; to pinch and pull with a sudden jerk. rwo.-,ii.., — 8. Distress ; a pinching condition. (wardly Tweedle, twee’-dl, v.a. To handle lightly or atvk- Tweel, tweel, v.a. To weave with multiplii'd leches in the harness ; to twill. Tweer, tweer, 8. In a smelting-furnace, the point of ti e Tweezers, twee'-zerz, 5pi. Mppei-s; small pincheis used to pluck out hairs.—Twecscr-cnse. a case for TwYSSf^a.' The ordinal of twelve tide, the twelfth day after Christmas, or Epiphany, TwIlveI'S®, s. The sum of two and ten ; a dozen.- Twelve-monfh, a ye&r. —Twelve-pence, a smltin^. Twelve-penny, worth a shilling.—Twei®e-«r<«'c, twelve Twentieth, twen'-te-eth, a. 'The bfdtoal of tn en^. Twenty, a. Twice ^ti.-Twenty-fold^^n^ TwraiL^%“?”&, 8. A kind of halbert; formerly a Twice, twise, ad. Two times ; double ; used m compo- sition, as in ^wtce-told. ?wi?ALLow;'ti«Y}„Gfo,%^r"Yo plongh ^ second time TiYElLYowjNr?."/?'-*--^^. - The operation of ploughing a second time. rr,+>ior nlaTit Twifold,± fm'-/o/rf, a. Two-fold. v Twig, twig, 8. A small shoot or branch of a tree or Twiogen, twig'gn, a. Made oftwi^s ; wicker. Twiggy, twig'-ge, a. Full of twigs; abounding with Twlmi^T, twi’-lite, s. The faint light which Is reflected upon tlie earth after sunset and before sunrise. — a. Obscure ; imperfectly illuminated Twill tioil, v.a. To weave in ribs or ndges. KiLLin PP- or a Woven in ribs or ndges. Twilt, B. A quilt. [Local.) hirth — Tb«> Tw'in, twin, 8. One of two, produced at birth, lb. Twins nl a sign of the zodiac , Gemini. — a Noting one of two born at a birth - much re- slmbltog iln hot., swelling out into two protnber- - Ttcin-tom, born at the same birt8.-T».n- likeness, near resemblance. — V n To be bom at the same birth, to brmg two at — v.a. To separate into two parts. 'Twi-vv twine V a. or V.n. To twist; to wind, to unite ^loseiy; to embrace; to gird; to make turns; to tom round. TWIlfE [ 824 ] ULANS Tiviite 8. a strong thread composed of two or three smaller threads or strands twisted together; a twist- a conTolution; act of winding round * rwiNGS twinj v.a. To affect with 'a sharp sudden pain ; to pinch or tweak ; to pull with a jerk the“side P“’i! ^ darting, of momentary a*t^e” k^**^ * ^ sharp rebuke of conscience; a pinch; 8. The act of pinching with a sudden twitch ; a sudden, sharp, local pain. round”' '“’•'■""‘P' PP"^- ™ a. Twisting; winding Twinkle, twingk'l, v.n. To sparkle ; to flash at inter- vals; to open; to play irregularly Twinkle, tmnp-i'i, j s. A spariding; a shining twingk'.hng, j with intermitted light; a hnP PVrt ■ o mraToaw,*- . ° » Twinkling motion of the eye ; a moment; an instant. IwiNKLiNo, twmgk'.Kng, ppr. or a. Sparkling. I wiNLiNQ, twm'-Knp, s. A twin lamb. Produced at one birth, like twins. Twinnek, tuitn'-ner, e. A breeder of twins. Twintek, twin-ter, s. A beast two winters old. l,Zocal.) to twftter*^*’ ’ *° flutter; -'Vn''’To “oye rapidly round; to’'whiri y.n To revolve with velocity; to be whiried round. — s. A rapid circular motion; quick rotation. unite by winding one thread, strand, or other flexible substance round another • to ftmi into a thread from many fine filaments ; to con- ,.f ytthe ; to encircle; to unite by intertexture of parts ; to pervert; to turn from a straight line "each other!’® by winding round or anything flexible, formed by !?py tu things round each other; a cord , a string; a little roll of tobacco. PP- or a. Formed by winding threads or strands round each other. of twSt/^^'^^'*’ instrument Twit, twit, v.a. To reproach; to upbraid. [snatch Twitch, twitch, y a. To pull with a sudden jerk ; to tinu ^ ^ spasmodic contrac¬ tion of the fibres or muscle.—TictfcA-prass, couch- grass; applied to various species of grass. 1 WITCHER, twitch'-eVy s. One who twitches. Twitchin^ 8 . Act of pulling with a lerk • act of suffermg short spasmodic contractions. ^ * Twitter, tw%lf-tjry v.n. To make a succession of small tremulous, intermitted noises. wuan, who twits or reproaches; a smafl, intermitted noise, a slight trembling of the nerves. 8. The act of uttering a sue cession of small, interrupted sounds. “ Twittinglt, twif^ting-U, ad. With upbraiding. 8- Tattle; gabble ^'wix-r, twikst, a contraction of betwixt. (Foet.) one.—In two, into two parts. Two is of general use as a .prefix to numerous ad1ec- ’ /“'-r Two-eleft Two-edged, Two- Jiowered, Two-forked, Two-leaved, Two-lohed Two- fwo-roLD, too'-foald, a. In a double degree 8-. A small coin, wirth two IWo-PLi, too -ph, a. Consisting of two thicknesses, iwo TONsuED, too-tungd, a. Double-tongued- deceit. ITE, ti, T.a.; POT, Tyiiip. S« Tie. [ful Tyxe, ttke, 8. A dog ; a contemptible fellow. See Tike' IrMBAL ttm'-bal,s. A kind of kettle-driim 8- A parchment £i-ame on which the sheets are laid for printing. ’‘'drammed act the part of a Tvit' stretch, as a skin over the head of a drum, ear- t"£" TAe A’'’™ of the ^aisin?we2|S■s^Vra£e®io'’f'r^^^^^^^ flatulent distension of the abdomen . whence Tympanitis a. Tympanitic. Type, tipe, fi. An emblem; a sign ; a symbol; a stamu °t something to com^-lnprinting, a letter in metal or other hard material.—In tned some peculiarity in the form of a disease.-In nat’. ?wU“£.i.Ti*ofiP/°™®“tl^combm the several U ’ »TilH,U l^AUmUiej _ ^ ^ group.—a compound of lead and antimony, used in maldng tvnes — v.n. To prefi^e. ^ TvpSnMAijy^^W P^sembUng typhus ; weak ; low. lYPHOMANiA, ti-fo-ma -ne-&, s. A complication of deli- num with typhus fever. roloa-r Ttphon, t%’~j^on, 8. The evil genius in Egyptian myth- Ttphoon, tt-/oon, s. The name given to a violent AMcan deser™^^^ ’ winds from the ^PHous, «'y-us, a. Relating to typhus. lYPHus, t% -fus, 8. A form of fever, in which low ner- vous symptoms predominate. 7 7 j a. Emblematic; figurative. Set Topical, tip -e-kal, ] Ttpe. — Typic /ever is one that is ^VPi‘oUyi—i. Typicalness. 1 YPiFY, V.a. To represent by an image fonn model, or resemblance. ^ r world' T^p^p^i’in^®’ *■ ■■^presentation of the Iypoohapheh, ti-pog'-ra-fer, s. A printer. ^ll°°J-^'^T^^o,tt-po-graf'-ik, i a. Pertaining to Typooraphical, fi-po-pro/'-c-ko;, J printing; emble¬ matic; figurative; — ad. Typographically. T-tpography, tx-pog'-ra-fe, s. The art of printing ; em- blematical or hieroglyphic representation. ’"r 8. In nat. hist., a fossil stone, with figures of plants and animal on it, .ti-<'an;-ne-kal, a. Pertaining to a tyrant arbitiai-y; imperious; despotic; cruel;—ad. Tvran’ nwally ;-s. Tyrannicatness i, au. xyian- ^ 8. The act of killing a tyrant; or one who kills him. ® TYRANNIZE, tir'-an-fiize, v.n. To act the tyrant • to rule with unjust severity. c tj-idui, lo ruie Tyrannous, a. Tyi-annicai ; arbitrary ayranny, tjr'-an-ne, s. Arbitrary or despotic exercise govemnient or discipline; absolute monarchy cruelly administered ; seventy ; rigour ^ ^ monarch or ruler who oppresses POI'SOU who exercises unlawful au¬ thority; a despotic ruler; a cruel master; an op- Typo^W'» purple*'TOlour ;‘*^a®s Tithe, 8. Tithe, Tithing &c Czarina Emperor of Russia. See Czar and U. twenw-flrst letter of the soimds®^- flisttnet vocal o 8nd acute, as in hut; the second a Lttle longer, as in truth; the third long and close, as in mute; and the fourth short and obscure, !■■ m^ny words it takes the sounsf of yu, as m unton; and sometimes of oo, as rule. UBERouSjt yu -her-u 8 , a. Fruitful: copious. Uberty, yu -ber-te, s. Abundance ; fruitfulness. Ubication, Ubiety, yu-bi'-e-te J ®’ Local relation. a- and s. Existing every whOTe ’'m%uUy.'‘'‘’’ Udal, yn'-dal, s. In law, the same as alloidal. *■ ^ '!'■«« O' Uddered, iid'-derd, a. Furnished -with udders. Edometer, yu-dom -e-ter, a An instrument for meaaur. ing the quantity of rain. lor measur- s. Total want of beauty ■ defor- V^LY^ ’ loathsomeness, '^ralefuTild.^-pgiSr™®'*^ ril'tfr’ ^ JJ«“«<,.a proclamation or “mp^ ''^o^ng^theTodeS'T^?.^ tTLCEE I S26 ] UIIAOOOI.IPAmED Ulcir, ul'-ser, s. A dangerous running sore. Ulcerate, Ml-»er-ate, v.n. To become ulcerous. — T.a. To affect with ulcers. Ulcerated, ul'-ser-a-ted, pp. ora. Affected with ulcers. Ulceration, ul-ser-a'-shim, s. Process of becoming ulcerous ; a morbid sore that discharges pus or other Ulcered, ul'-serd, a. Having become an liJcer. [fluid. Ulcerous, ul'-ser-us, a. Having the nature or char¬ acter of an ulcer ;—s, Ulcerousness. Ulcuscule, ul-ku^-kule, s. A little ulcer. Ule, yule, s. An elastic gum, the produce of the Ule- tree, of Mexico. U LEMA, yu-'e'-md, s. A coi’poration in Turkey composed of the hierarchy, doctors of law, and the cadis. Uliginous, yu-lij'-e-nus, a. Muddy ; oozy ; slimy. V LI.AGE, ul'-laje, 8. In coimnerce, what a cask wants of being full. Ui.LALoo, ul-ld-loo% interj. One of the vocal deplora- lions of the Irish over the dead. U LMACEiE, ul-ma'-se-e, s.pl. A natural order of the Exo¬ genous plants, of which the Uhnns, or Elm, is the type. Ulmaceous, ul-ma'-sh,e-U 8 , a. Pertaining to the elm. Ulmic acid, ul'-mik as'~sid, s. A vegetable acid, exu¬ ding spontaneously from the elm, cliesnut, oak, &c. Ulna, wr-nd, s. (Lat.) The larger of the two bones of the fore-arm, which forms the point of the elbow a. Ulnar. U LODENDRON, yu-lo-den'-drou, s. A genus of fossil plants from the coal formation. Ult., ult. Last; a contraction from ultimo. Ulterior, ttZ-ie'-re-wr, a. On the further side of any boundary; most distant or remote. [argument. I’ltima Ratio, uV-te-md ra'-she-o. (Lat.) The last U ltimate, ul'-te-mate, a. Furthest; most remote ; ex¬ treme ; final; being at the furthest point; — ad. Ultimately. Ultimatum, ul-te-ma'-tum, s.; pi. Ultimata. (Lat.) In diplom., a final proposition or condition as the basis of a treaty.—In mil. negociations, the final con¬ ditions on which any proposition can be ratified. ULTiMiTYjt ul'tim'-e-te, s. The last stage or conse¬ quence. Ultimo, uV-te-mo, 8. The month preceding the present. Ultra, a. (Lat.) Beyond ; extreme ; as, principles. [exti’eme measures. U LTRAiSM, uV-trd‘izm, s. The principles that advocate Ultramarine, ul-trd-md-reen', a. Situated or being beyond the sea. — 8. A beautiful and durable sky-blue colour, formed of the mineral called lapis lazuli ; azure-stone. Ultramontane, ul-trd-mon'-tane, a. Being beyond the mountains or Alps ; foreign.—In theol., ultramontane doctrines are the exti*eme views of the pope’s rights and supremacy. — s. A foreigner; one who resides beyond the moun¬ tains ; whence ultramontanism and Uliramontist. Ultramundane, ul-trd-mun'~dane, a. Being beyond the world, or beyond the limits of our system. Ultroneous, ul~tro'-ne-us, a. Spontaneous; voluntary. irLULATE, uV-yu~late, v.n. To howl, as a dog or wolf. Ululation. ul-yu-la'-shufi, s. Act of howling. Umbel, um-bel, s. In hot., a particular mode of inflor¬ escence, iE which the pedicels all proceed from a single point. Umbellar, um’-beUlar, a. Pertaining to or having the form of an umbel. [an umbel. Umbellate, um'-bel-late, a. Bearing or consisting of Umbellifer,e, um-bel-lij-e'-re, s.pl. A natural order of plants, comprising the parsnip, celery, &c., of which the Umbel is the type. Umbellule, um'‘bel-luley s. A little or partial umbel. Umbelliferous, um-bel-lif'-er-us, &. Bearing umbels. Umber, s. In min., an ochreons ore of iron, used as a pigment; also, a variety of peat or brown co^, of a similar colour ; an African bird of the heron family ; a fish, the grayling. — T.a. To colour with umber ; to shade or darken. Umbered, um -herd, a. Shaded; clouded ; painted with umber. Umbilic, um-biV-ik, s. The navel; the centre.—In conch., a conical depression at the base of a univalve — a. Pertaining to the navel. [shell. Umbilical, um^iV-e-kal, or um-he-li'-kal, a. Pertain¬ ing to the nRyoX.—Umbilical cord, the navel string that proceeds from the navel of the foetus to the centre of the placenta. — Umbilical hernia^ is hernia of the bo wels at the navel.— Umbilical reytonis that part of the thdominal parietes, about two inches round the navel. Umbili«ate, um-bil'-e-kate, a. Navel-shaped; formed in the middle like a navel. Umbilicus, um-be-li'-kus, s. (Lat.) In anat., the navel.—In bot., a genus of plants, the navel-ioort, ot the order Crdssulacea; also the small cord-like pro¬ cess which attaches the seed to the placenta.—1 b co«c/i., the hollow in a spiral shell, as in the trochus, or top-shell. Umbles, um'-Wa, s.pl. (Fr.) The entrails of a deer. Umbo, um'-bo, s. (Lat.) The boss or protuberant pan of a shield.—In conch., the point of a bivalve shell im¬ mediately above the hinge. Umbonatb, Mm'-6o-na to difletitaiig)l«> Ukbranchbd, un-brdntchf, a. Not shooting into branches. [branches. Unbranching, un-br'dntch'-ing, a. Not dividing into Unbreast, un-bresf, v.a. To disclose or lay dpen. UnbreatlaBlb, un-breeth'-d-bly a. Not breathable or respirable. Unbreathed, un-breeth'd, a. Not exercised. Unbreathinq, un-breeth'-ing, a. Unanimaied. Unbred, un-bred', a. Not polished in manners; ill educated. Unbreeched, un-briicht, a. Having no breeches. Unbrewed, un-broo'd, a. Not mixed ; pure ; genuine, Unbribed, un-hri'hd, a. Not corrupted by money. Unbridged, un-brijd', a. Not crossed by a bridge. Unbridle, un-bri'dl. v.a. To free from the bridle. Unbridled, un-hri'dld, a. Unrestrained ; licentious. Unbriqhtened, un-hrite'nd, a. Not brightened. Unbroke, un-brok^, I a. Not broken ; not violated , Unbroken, Mn- 6 ro'^:n, / not subdued; not accustomed to the saddle, harness, or yoke. Unbrotherly, un-bruth'-er-le, a. Not becoming a brother ; unkind. [hurt. Unbrtjised, un-bi'oozd', a. Not biniised ; not cruslicd or Unbuckle, un-buk'l, v.a. To loose from buckles; to unfasten. [raze Unbuild, Mn-6r7d', v.a. To demolish what is built; to Unbuilt, un-bilf, a. Not yet built; not erected. Unbuoyed, un-boyd' a. Not buoyed or borne up. Unburdbnsome, U7i-hut''dn-stim, a. Not oppressive. Unburied, Mn- 6 er'-nd, a. Not buried; not interred. Unburned, Mn- 6 wn'CEREaioNiou 8 , a. ‘Without cere* mony ;—ad. Vncerenionioutly. Unoerta-in, un-ser'-tin, a. Not certain or sure; not confident; unsettled; doubtful; precarious ad. Vn- certainly. Uncertainty, un-cer*-tin-te, 8. Doubtfulness; dubi¬ ousness i want of certainty or precision. [slavery. Unchain, xin-tchayn' , v.a. To free from c ha i n s or Unchallengeable, un-tchaV-lenj-ii~bly a. That cannot be challenged ad. XJnchallengedbly. Unchangeable, U7i-tchaynj'-a-hi, a. Not capable of change ; immutable ;—ad. JJnchayigeahly ; s. Viichange- ableness. [able. Unchanged, un-tchaynjd' , a. Not altered; not alter- Unchanging, wi-tchayyij'-ing , a. Suffering no altera¬ tion ;—ad. ijnchaxigmgVy. Uncharacteristic, un-kar-ah-tcr-is'-tik, a. Not ex¬ hibiting a character ad. Uncharacteristically. Uncharged, un-ic 7 ia 7 ;/(i', a. Not chai’ged; not loaded. Uncharitable, un-tchax''-e-td-bl, a. Contrary to charity, or to Christian love;—ad. Uncharitably;—^. Uncharitableness. Uncharm, un-tchdrm', v.a. To release from some chaim, or secret power. Uncharmed, un-tcharnid' , a. Not fascinated. Uncharming, un-icAarwi'-wifif, a. Not chaiming. Uncharted, un^ch'drt'-ed. a. Not delineated on a chart. Unchartered, nn-tchiirt-erd, a. Having no charter. Unchary, un-tcha'-re, a. Not wary ; not frugal. Unchaste, \in-tchayst\ a. Not continent; libidinous; lewd ;—ad. Unchastely. [chastised. Unchastisable, un-tchas-ti'-zh-bl, a. That cannot be Unchastised, uti-tchas-tize'd, a. Not punished or cor¬ rected. [ness. Unchastitt, nn-tchas'-te-te, s. Incontinence; lewd- Uncheated, U7i-tcheet'-ed, a. Not cheated. Unchecked, uxi-tchekf, a. Not resti’ained or hindered. Uncheckered, un-tchek'-erd^ a. Not diversified. Uncheered, un-tcheerd' ^ a. Not cheered. Uncheerful, un-tcheer'~fxil, a. Not cheerful; sad.—ad. Uncheerfully; — s. UncheerJ^tlness. Uncheery, wn-ic/ieer'-e, a. Dull; not enlivening. Unchewed, U7i-tchood' , a. Not masticated. Unchided, un-tchi'-ded, a. Not rebuked. Unchild, t xm-tchi'ld, v.a. To bereave of children- Unchivalrous, un-tchiv'-al-rns, a. Not according to chivalry ;—ad. U7ichivalrously. Unchristenbd, U7i-kris'7id,!i. Not baptised and named. Unchristian, un-krist'-yan, a. Contrary to the laws of Christianity ; not evangelizedad. Unchristia7ily ; —8. Unchristia7i7iess. [Christianity. — v.a. To deprive of the cpnstituent qualities of Unchristianjze, un~krist'-ya7i~ize, v.a. To turn from the Christian mith. [chronicle. Unchronicled, xin-kron'-e-kld,.ti. Not recorded in a Unchurch, un-tchurtch' , v.a. To expel from a church. Uncial, un'-shal, a. and s. Applied to large, round characters, or letters, used in ancient manuscripts. Unciform, un'-se-fawriDiy a. Hook-shaped ; having the form of a hook. . . , , ...... . Uncinate, uxi'-se-nate, a. In oof., hooked at the end. Uncircumcised, un-sur'-kn7n-sizd, a. Not circumcised. Uncircumcision, xi7i-sur-k‘U77i-sizi\/'Wi, s. Absence of circumcision. , Uncircumscribed, xm^sur-kuxyi-skrihe'dy a. N 9 t bounded Uncxrcumspect, xtn-sxir'-kxiTn-spekt j a. Not circumspect or cautious ;—ad. U7%circu7nspecthj. Uncivil, uji-six/-il, a. Not complaisant or courteous in manners ; not polite ;—ad. Uncivilly, [savageness. Uncivilization, nn-siv-il-e-za'-shu7\y s. A state of Uncivilized, xm-siv'-il-izc'd, a. Not reclaimed from savage life; coarse. Unclad, xin-klad' , a. Not clothed. Unclaimed, xin-klayxyid’ , a. Not demanded. Unclarified, un-klar'-e-Jide, a. Not purified; not depurated by a separation of feculent or foreign matter. j. ■ t a. Unclasp, un-kVdsp', v.a. To open what is fastened with Unclassical, xin-klas'~$e-kaly a. Not according to the best models of writing; not classicalad. Unclas- sically. Uncle, ung'-kl. s. The brother of one’s father or mother Unclean, ttn-kleen'f a. Not clean; foul; dirty; un¬ chaste. , j Uncleanable, a. That cannot be cleansed. Uncleanliness, un-klen'-le~ne8,s. AVant of cleanliness ; filthiness. , . Uncleanly, un-kl«n'-le, a. Foul; dirty, indecent. Uncleanness, un-klee7i-net, s. Foulness* filthiness. moral impurity; lewdnesa. Uncleansed, un-kleyizd', a. Not purified. Uncleavable, un-kleeiZ-d-bl, a. That cannot be split. Unclew, uji-kloe', v.a. To undo ; to unwind. Unclinch, un-klintch', v.a. To open the closed hand. Unclipped, xm-klipt'j a. Not diminished or shortened by clipping. Uncloaked, un-kloakt', a. Not covered or disguised. Unclog, u7i-klog', v.a. To disencumber of obstructions; to free from anything that retards motion. Unclogged, u7%-klogd', pp. or a. Disencumbered. Uncloister, un-kloy'-ster j v.a. To release from a cloister or from confinement. Unclose, u7i-kloze'f v.a. To break the seal of; to dis¬ close or lay open. Unclosed, nn~kloze'dy pp. or a. Not separated by inclosures.; open; not finished; not concluded; not closed. [naked. Unclothe, un~klothffy v.a. To strip of clothes ; to make Unclothing, un-kloth^-iiigy s. Act of taking off clothes. [clouds. Uncloud, nn-kloxcd'y v.n. To clear from obscurity or Unclouded, xm-klowd'-ed. a. Free from clouds; noj obscured ; — s. Uncloudeaness. [clouds. Uncloudt, u7i-klotvd'-ey a. Not cloudy; free from Unclutch, un-klutch', v.a. To open something closely shut. [coagulated. Uncoagulabxe, un-ko-ag'-yxi-ld-bly a. That cannot be Uncoagulated, xm-ko-ag'-yu~la-tedy a. Not coagulated or concreted. Uncoated, u7i-ko'-ted, a. Not covered with a coat. Uncocked, un-kokt'j a. Not cocked, as a gun ; not made into cocks, as hay; not set up, as the brim of a hat. . , [coffin. Uncopfined, un-kof'-Jindy a. Not furnished with a Uncogent, un-ko'-jenty a. Not cogent or forcible. Uncoif, u7i-koyf', v.a. To pull the cap off. Uncoifed, un-koyffy a. Not wearing a coif. Uncoil, un-koyl', v.a. To unwind or open, as the tunis of a rope. Uncoined, xm-koynd', a. Not coined, as xincohied silver. Uncollected, xi7i-kol-lek'-ted, a. Not collected or re¬ ceived ; not recovered from confusion or wandering; —s. Uyicollectedness. Uncollectible, xm-kol-lek'-te-bl, a. That cannot oe collected or levied. Uncoloured, xm-kxil'-lxird, a. Not stained or dyed; not heightened in description. Uncombed, u7i-kome'd, a. Not dressed with a comb. Uncombinable, un-ko7n-hi'-7id-bly a. Not capable of combining or of being combined ad. Uncoyyibinably. Uncombined, a. Not combined; simple. Uncomeliness, %i7x-kum'-le-nes, s. AVant of beauty or grace. Uncomely, xin-kuyn'-le, a. Wanting grace ; unseemly. Uncomfortable, xin-kxim'-fxirt-d-bl, a. Affording no comfort; gloomy; giving uneasiness;—ad. Uncom¬ fortably ; —8. Uncomfortahleness. Uncommanded, u7i-kom-m'd7id'-ed, a. Not required by precept, order, or law. [commendation. Uncommendable, xiti-ko7n~mefi'-dd-bl, a. Not worthy of Uncommended, u7i-ko7n-t7ie7i'-ded,2L. Not praised. Uncommemorated, xin-kom-me77i'~o-ra-ted, a.. Not com¬ memorated. Uncommercial, xm-kom-yner'-shal, a. Not carrying on commerce ;—ad. Uyicomyyiercially. Uncommiserated, uyi-koni-yyiW-er-a-ted, a. Not pitied. Uncommissioned, %m-ko77i-77iish'-U7id, a. Not having a commission. Uncommitted, xin-kom-miV-ted, a. Not referred to a committee; not pledged by anything said or done. Uncommon, xin-koni'-tnxin, a. Unusual; not frequent, rare; singularad. Uxicomiyioyily ;—s. Uncomyyionyiess. Uncommunicated, xi7i-kom-mew'-7ie-ka-ted, a. Not dis¬ closed or delivered to others. Uncommunicating j xin-koin-7new'-ne-ka‘iing, a. Not making communication. Uncommunicative, a. Reserved. Uncompact, xi7i-ko77i-pakf, a. Not firi.* or of close tex¬ ture. [firm;—ad. Uncompactealy Uncompacted, un-ko7n-pakt'-ed, a. Not compact or Uncompanied, U7i-ku7n'-pd-nid, a. Having no cora- psinion. , [ciable. Uncompanionable, un-kxtm-pan-yun-arbl, a. Not so Uncompassionatb, tw-Atom-pas/i'-un-afe, a. Having no UNcoMPAs«ioNa», wi 6. unpiueo,. UNCOMPELLABLE [ 830 3 UNCOUPLE That caanot be forced or compelled. [couioulsion UNCoMeELutD, un-kom-peld’, a. Not forced j free from un~kom'-pen-sa-ted, a. Not re- UNMMPLiiNiua, m-kom-pla'-ning. a. Not diSo^'to Uncomplaisant, wn-kom'-pla-zaiti, a. Not mTil or courteous ;—ad. uncomplaisayitly, a. Not complete; not Uncompleted, Mra-iom-pleet'-cdj/ finished ^ cat^’’''slnip1e’ Not compU- UNcoMPLiMENTAnT, un-kom-ple-mmV-ii-re, a. Not complimentary. ’ a. Not yielding to re- quest or command ; unbending. ® Uncomposed, un-kom-poze’d, a. Not composed, UNcoMPorNDED, un-com-pouud'-edy a. Not mixed ■ simple ;—s. Uncompoundednesa ’ ^ot com- '’?rmn co^'Pressed; free Uncompromisino, un-kom'-pro-mi-zing, a. Not admit ting of compromise; not yielding. Unconcealable, un-kon-seeV-d-bly a. Not concealable Unconcealed, un-kon-aeeld', a. Not concealed. a. That cannot be comprehended j— s. Unconceivableyiesa. -NCoNtEivED, un-kon-itevd', a. Not thought or 1 XXI agiji e CL. Onconcirn, un-con-sem', s. -Want of concern ■ ab¬ sence of anxiety. Unconcerned, !m-io«-Mrnd', a. Not anxious; havino Uncmtceraedn^ * indifferent;—ad. Unconcernedly; —s. Unconcerted, nn-kon-serf-ed, a. Not concerted. Unconciliated, un-kon-sil'-e-a-ted, a. Not reconcUed Unconciliatino, tin-kon-sil'-e-a-ting,a. Not disposed to reconciliation. reonSllatp Unconciliatori, un-kon-sil'-e-a-to-re, a. Not tending • to conciliate. .puuAug Unconcldding, nn-kon-kleivd'-ing, a. Not decisive Unconcocted, nn-kon-kok'-ted, a. Not digested Uncondemned, un-kon-demd!, a. Not judgedguUtv not disapproved; not criminal. , Uncondensable, un-kon-den'-sd-bl, a. That cannot be condensed —s. Uncofideyisableness. Un condensed, un-kon-denst', a. Not condensed. Unconditional, un-kon-dish'-mi-al, a. Absolute un¬ reserved ;-ad. Unconditionally. -ausoiuie , un- Unconddcing, un-kon-deto'-sing, a. Not leading to. UNC0NDDCTED,Mn-lc(m-dii4'-(ed, a. Not led; notguided. Unconpbssed, un-kon-fest',a.. Not acknowledged ^fe8sfo?^*™°’“”'*^°’*''^^*''*'^’ makmg con- a. That canSIt b?rc- d, a. Free from restraint or control; unbounded;—ad. Uncojijinedly. Unconfirmed, xm-kon-fer^nd', a. Not fortified by reso- lima? ’ confinned according to the ^itirch Unconformable, wi-kon^fawrm'-&-bl, a. Not con¬ sistent ; not confoiniingad, Utieonformahlv Uncomformitt, U7i.ko7i-/awrm'-e-te, L Inconeruitv inconsistency. , Unconfounded, Wi-ko7i-foto7id'-ed, a. Not confounded u“roa/«"\“" ®»?b^a8sed;-ad. Unconfdtaele, nn-kon-few’-ta-U;&. Not to be reS Unconoealable, un-con-Jeel'-d-bl, a. Not canabl^ of bemg congealed. capanie ol Uncongealed, un-con-Jeeld', a. Not frozen or congealed Uncongenial, nn-kmi-je'-ne-al, a. Not congeniaf ^monli; f^tii“"'*°"’'-’“'‘'“'’ suitable to matrl- UNCONJCNCTIVE.+ un-kon-junk'-tiv, a. That ca^Xhe Unconnected, un-kmi-nek'-ted, a. Not uniW^sena rate; not coherent; loose ; vague. * ^ ^wtatogTt^’ d' Not overlooking or Tnconqueraele, un-konk'-er-d-bl, a. That cannot be mvincible; insuperable ;iad" "SeTa“teSr.^ubdurd"'“’‘*'- vanquished or ''cr“r='d“”b^’?onLTenra-‘"'-*'‘“'**'N«‘^«^ Unconsciods, un-kon’-shua, a. Not conscious- havim. no mental perception ; not perceiviDg ;—ad! Uncon- aewusiy; —s. Uxicoiiscioiisnesa. Unconsecrated, xtn-kon' -8e-kra-tedy a. Not set annrt for sacred use ;—s. Unco7isccrafedn€ss ^ a. Not UNroNsni'®”’ a. Not consoled or con> ^8011^ '*“’ a. Not mad. Unconsoling, im-ion-sole'-iny, a. Affording no comfort Unconstitutional, un-kon-aie-tew'-shun-al. a. Not authorized by the constitution, or contrary to its Unconstrained, xm-koii-straiie'd, a. Fi*ee from enn straint; voluntaryad. TJiiconstramedly ^trSTcTse. »• Freedom from re- UNcONSuiiED, 'un-kon-sulf-ed, a. Not asked ' fmpSnt°’ “*-*‘v.-sidt'-./iy,a. Taking^ “advto? ; UNCON8DMED.«»-)ion-sBicmd',a. Not conslme'd^nSd ^mateff““’^™’ a. Not cons^-’ Uncontemned, un-kmi-temd', a. Not despised rnlaipd Uncontemplated, un-kon-tem'-pia-Ud, i. Not c?iitem ’ Uncontended, un-kon-tend'-ed, a. Not disputed Uncontending, nn-kon-tend’-ing a. Not contesting Uncontented, un-kon-tmt’-ed, a. Not satisfied Uncontestable, un-kon-teat’-d-bl, a. IndLoutable dfspute”™’ a- Not coiFtcsted ;’ not Uncontradictaele, mi. kon-trd-di^rlbl. ^“rha" Un CONTRADICTED, un-kon-trd-dikt'-ed, a Not denicT' Uncontrite, un-lon'-trite, a. Not penitent Uncontrived, un-kon-tnve’d, a. Not formed by design Uncontriving, un-kon-trive!-ing, a. iliiprovident Uncontrollable, un-kon-trd-Ui-h, a. That cannot he -Td“;iSr^“‘^’ inesistiblc; or conSd““’ a. Not disputed f°i\atatoK Unconversant, un-ko,g-ver.aant, a. Not (amiUarlv aF‘ UNC9NVERTED, un-kem-vert'-ed, a. Not elanged ?„ TO?^ted.* auoafm^nS Unconvertible, un-kon-verf-e-bl, a. ^'^Thlt‘^ca5Sim.''be Unconvinced, un-kon-vinaf , a. Not convinced “ con^ra':"“'’ a. Not sufficient to Unconvdlsed, un-kon-vulst' , a. Not convulsed UNcFFm v.a. To unfasten or^ffind. Un?Fr? Not cordial; not hearty Uncork, un-kawrk , v.a. To draw the cork from rcoroimr“’ a. Not honoured with Uncorpdlent, un-kawv'-pu-lent, a. Not fleshv Feformi;™’ a. Not revfsed ; no Uncorroborated un-kor-rob'-o-ra-ied, a. Nffi™om Uncorrdpt, un-ior-rnpf, a. Not vitiated ; pur“i ad. U7icorrxiptly ; —a. U7icorrx(pt7uss. * vitmted Uncorrdptible, un-kor-rupt'-e-bl, a. That c-^^Dot ha Uncodnbelable, un-ko^n>-^ael-d-bi: a. Noi Tlfad- Uncounselbd, un~kown'-seld a xw j • Uncountbnanced, xm~kown'-te-na?tst, a. Not enfoa* a. Not sptSo^ uScoDNTERFEiTED, m-koum'-ter-nt-ed a l^oT'co™ \”o^to™Zder’ - “5?, Unoodele, un-kup'.pl, y.a. To loose; to ditooin.' UNCOUETEOUS [ 831 ] UNDEPEAVED U»coTTiiT*oCii, %in~kurf e-Hi, a. Uncivfl; unpolite;— ad. Vnooxtrtcouily; —s. Uncoxirteousjiess. \7KcoxjaTLiis-E8s, un-korW-le-n€s, s. XJnsuitableness 3f manners to a court. [unpolite. VscovB.run-kort^-le, a. Not elegant in manners; Uncouth, un-kooth', a. Odd ; strange ; awkward ; clumsy ad. Uncouthly s. Vncouthnea. Uncovenajsted, a. Not promised by covenant. Uncover, un-kuv'-er, v.a. To divest of a cover ; to re¬ move any covering from; to deprive of clothes; to strip . to unroof, as a building ; to take off the hat or cap ; to atrip off a veil; to disclose to view.—In mil. evolutions, to march out from the right or left of the column. Uncowl, un-kowl', v.a. To deprive of a cowl. Uncramped, wi-krampf, a. Not confined or fettered. Uncreate, un-kre-ate', v.a. To deprive of existence. Uncreated, un-kre-a'-ted, pp. Reduced to nothing. — a. Not yet created. Uncredible, un-kred^-e-bl, a. Not entitled to credit. UNCREntTABLE, a. Not in good credit or reputation ; not reputable ;—s. Xfncreditahlenesi. Uncredited, un-kred'-e-ted, a. Not believed. Uncritical, un-krit'-e-kal, a. Not critical, or accord¬ ing to the jnst rules of criticism;—ad. Uncritically. Uncropped, un-kropt', a. Not cropped or gathered. Uncrossed, tm-fcrosi% a. Not crossed or canceled ; not thwarted. [pressed. Uncrowded, un-kroiod'-ed, a. Not crowded or com- Uncrown, un-krown', v.a. To deprive of a crown ; to dethrone. [crown ; not crowned. Uncrowned, un-kroiond\ pp. or a. Deprived of a Uncrushed, un~krushf, a. Not crushed. Uncrystalline, un-kris'-tal-line, a. Not having the character of a chrystal. Uncrystalliz.able, un-kri^-tdl-li-zd-bl, a. Not sus¬ ceptible of crystallization. Uncrystallized , un-kri-^^-tnl-lize'd, a. Not crystallized. Unction, unk'-shun, s. The act of anointing ; unguent; ointment; warmth of address ; Divine or sanctifying grace .—Extreme unction, the Papal rite of anointing with the sacred oil on the approach of death, Un'ctuous, a. Oily; greasy; having a re¬ semblance to oil8. Unctuoumess and Unctuosity. Unculled, un-kuld', a. Not gathered ; not selected. Unculpable, un-kuV-pil-bl, a. Not blameable or faulty. Uncultivarle, un-huV-te-vd-hl, a. Not capable of being cultivated. Uncultivated, a. Not tilled ; not in¬ structed ; uncivilized; rough in manners ;—s. Uncul- tivatednesi. [harrassed. Uncumbered, un-Ki /n'-berd, a. Not burdened; not em- Uncurable, un-kewr'-d-bl, a. Incurable. Uncurbable,+ un-kurh'~d~bl, a. That cannot he curbed. Uncurbed, un-kurbd', a. Not restrained ; licentious. Uncurl, un-kurV, v.a. To loose from ringlets. — v.n. To fall from curls ; to become straight. Uncurled, un-kurld', pp. or a. Loosed from ringlets; not curled. . [payment. Uncurrent, un-cur^-rent, a. Not passing in common Uncurse,+ wi-kurs', v.a. To free from any execration. Uncursed,) un-kurstf, a. Not cursed; not exe- Uncurst, ) crated. Uncurtailed,'M n-Aittr-fayZd', a. Not shortened, [from. Uncurtain, xm-kur'-iin, v.a. To remove a covering Uncustomary, xm-ku^-tum-d-re, a. Not customary; not usual;—ad. Unciistoxnarily ;—s. Uxicustomariness. Uncustomed, xm-kxis'-tximd, a. Not subjected to cus¬ toms or duty; that has not been charged with customs. Uncut, xin-kxif, a. Not cut; as trees or paper. [tion. Undam, xm-dam', v.a. To free from a dam or obstruc- Undamaqed, un-dam'-i^d, a. Not made worse. Undamped, xm-dampt', a. Not damped or depressed. Undarkened, wi-dcirk'-nd, a. Not darkened or obscured. ^ ^ Undated, un'-da-ted, a. Waved ; rising and falling in Undated, xm-date'-ed, a. Having no date. TJndauntablb, un-daton'-tA-bl, a. Not to be daunted. Undaunted, un-daxontf-ed, a. Not subdued or de¬ pressed by fear; bold; courageousad. Undaxintedly ; —8. Undaxintedness. Undawnino, xm-da%07i'-ing, a. Not yet growing light. Undazzled, xin-daz'zld, a. Not confused by splendoul'. Undebarred, un-de-bdrd', a. Not debarred. Undebased, \(7i-de~baysf,ei. Not adulterated. xm-de-baxetcht' a. NotcoiTupted; pure Undecagon, xin-dek'-d-gon, s. A figure of eleven angles and eleven sides. [accident, Undecayed, U7i-de-kade*, a. Not impaired by age lT Undecayinq, xin-de-ka'-ing, a. Not suffering diminu¬ tion or decline; immortal. Undecbitful, un-de-seef-ful, a. Not deceitful. Undeceivablb, un-de-seev'-d-bl, a. Not subject to de¬ ception. [mistake. Undeceive, un-de-seexf, v.a. To free from deception oi Undeceived, wn-rfe- ED, xm-de-kline'd, a. Not deviating ; not varied in termination. Undeclining, un-de-kline^-ing, a. Not declining. Undecomposable, xin-de-kom-po'-zd-bl, a. Not admit¬ ting decomposition. [or separated. Undecomposed, un-de-kom-poze'd, a. Not decomposed Undecompounded, xm-de-kotn-pown^-ed, a. Not do compounded. [hellished Undecorated, un-del^-o-ra-ted, a. Not adorned or em- Undedicated, un-ded'-e-ka-ted, a. Not dedicated or consecrated ; not inscribed to a patron. [action. Undeedbd, un-deed'-ed, a. Not signalized by any great Undetaceable, un-de-fase'-d-bl, a. That cannot be de¬ faced. Undepaced, un-de-fayst', a. Not deprived of its form or disfigured •,—Undefacedness. Undepeasible, un-de-feez'-e-bl, a. Not defeasible. Undefended, a. Not protected or vin¬ dicated ; open to assault. Undefending, mx-de-fend'-ing, a. Not making defence. Undefied, uxi-de-jide’, a. Not set at defiance or chal¬ lenged. [vitiated. Undefiled, xm-dt-file'd, a. Not defiled, polluted,^ or Undefinable, xm-de-fine'-ii-bl, a. Not capaole of being described or limited;—s. Uxidefinableness. Undefined, ufn-de-fin^d, a. Not described by defini¬ tion or explanation. [ vitiated. Undeflowered, un-de-fiowrd’, a. Not debauched or Undbformed, un-de-faiormd',dL. Not deformed or dis¬ figured. Undefrauded, un-de-frawd’-ed, a. Not defrauded. Undefrayed, un-de-fx'ayd’, a. Not defrayed or paid. Undegraded, xin-de-gra'-ded, a. Not degraded. Undbified, wn-rfe'-c-j5de, pp.^ Reduced from the state of Deity. [Deity. Undeify, un-de'-e-fi, v.a. To reduce from the state of Undblayed, xm-de-layd', a. Not delayed. Undelaying, un-de-lay'-ing, a. Not making delay. Undelegated, xin-deV-e-ga-ted, a. Not deputed. Undeliberatb, uxi-de-lib'-er-aie, a. Not deliberate ;—s. Undcliberateness. [considered. Undeliberatbd, un-de-Ub'-er-a-ted, a. Not carefully Undeliberating, un-de-lib'-er-a-ting, a. Not deliber¬ ating or hesitating. [pleased. Undelighted, un-ae-li'-ted, a. Not delighted or well Undelightful, un-de-lite'-fxd, a. Not giving great pleasure. [required. Undbmanded, xm-de-n 'd**d'-ed, a. Not demanded ; not Undemohshed, un-ae-xnoi -isht, a. Not pulled down or destroyed. Undemonstrable, xin-de-mon'-sPrd-hl, a. Not capabl® of fuller evidence;—ad. Undexnonstrably. Undemonbtrated, xin-de~nion'-stra-ted, a. Not proved by demonstration. Undeniable, xin-de-ni'-d-bl, a. That cannot be denied indubitable; indisputable ;—ad. Undeniably. Undbpending, un-de-pend'-ing, a. Not dependent Undeplored, un-de-pfore'd, a. Not lamented. Ukdeposable, wi-de-]>o'-z('i hi. n. Tliat cannot be de¬ posed from office. ..a, UNDEPRATED,Mn-d<-prayi>d',,a. Not corrupted or ritifttec tJNDEPEEOATED [ 832 ] UMDERWEITING UnnEPRKCATED, un-dip'-re-ka-ted, a. Not deprecated. Undepreciated, un-de-pre’-the-a-ted, a. Not depreciated. Undepriteb, wi-de-prive'd, a. Not divested of by au- snonty. Under, un'-der, ad. and prep. Beneath, below; less than ; m a degree inferior to; in a state of oppres¬ sion ; during the time of; attested or signed by; m sub- OTd^atio* to.—To keep under, to hold in subjection.— Under way, in naut. language, in a condition to make progress.-Under the lee, to the leeward.—Ujider is much used as a prefix in composition, and most of Uie compounds are self-explanatory ; as, XJnder-agent, Under-chamberlain, Under-clerk, Under-farmer, Under- Under-Zn6o?irer, Under-master, Under-oMcer, Undersecretary, Under servant, Undersheriff, Xhider- tenant. Under-treasurer, Under-worker, Under-work¬ man, &c. Cnderaction, un-der-ak*shun,B. Subordinate action, not essential to the main story. Underanged, wi-de-raynjd’, a. Not deranged. Underbear, tm-der-bayr', v.a. To support; to endure. Underb-barer, un-der-hayr'-er, s. In funerals, one who sustains the corpse. Underbid, un-der-bid', y.a. To bid or offer less than another, as m auctions. [manners. Underbred, M7i -der-bred, a. Of inferior breeding or UNDBRBRU8n+, «7i'-der-6nP'" Haying something Underlay, un-der-M, y.a. To support by somethin.^ Underleap, un'-der-leef, s. A sort of apple good fo°r Undeklet, un-der-Uf y.a. To let beiiw the“tjlfto Underletter, Mn-der-irU-(rr, s. A tenant who leases Underletting, un-der-Ut'-Ung, s. Practice of lettin'^ lands by leases. ® Underlie, un'-der-li, v.n. To lie beneath. Underline, un-der-line’, Y.a. To mark with a line below the word, sometimes called scoring. Underling, tiji'-der-img.s. An inferior person or agent Underlock un'-der-lok, s. A lock of wool hanging under the belly of a sheep. ° ° a. Denoting yessela with masts under the usual dimensions. s. A repast before dinner. Undermine, tm-der-mtn^, y.a. To san • to pTcsinfo to remove the foundation or sup¬ port of anything by clandestine means. ^ Underminer, un-der-mine'-er, s. One who saps, or ex¬ cavates the earth beneaui anything; one who secretly overthrows. [others. Undermost, un'-der-moast, a. Lowest in place beneath Underneath, un-der-neeth', ad. or prep. Beneath • under; below. Underogatort, un-de-rog’-d-to-re, a. Not derogatory Underpart, un*-der-pdri, s. A subordinate part. Underpetticoat, un-der-pef-te-kote, a. A petticoat worn under another petticoat. Underpin, un-der-pin, v.a. To lay stones under the sills of a building, on which it is to rest ; to support by some solid foimdation. Underpinning, un-der-pin'-ning, s. Act of laying stones under sills; the stones on which a huildin*’- im¬ mediately rests. Underplot, un'-der-plot, a. A series of events in a play, proceeding collaterally with the main story ; a clandestine scheme. [sort. Underpraise, un-der-praze', v.a. To praise below de- Underprize, un-der-prize', v.a. To undervalue. Underprop, un-der-prop', v.a. To support; to uphold. Underpropped, un-der-propi', a. Having props under¬ neath. [undervalue. Underrate, un-der-rate' , v.a. To rate too low; to Underrun, %in-der-r^in', v.a. To pass under in a boat. Undersell, un-der-seV, v.a. To sell at a low'er price than another. Underset, un-derset', v.a. To prop , to support. Underset, un'-derset, s. A current of water below the surface. [under the wheel. Undershot, un-dershot, a. Moved by water passing Undershrub, un'-dershruh, s. A low shrub. Undersign, un-der-sine^, v.a. To write one’s name at the foot. Undersigned, un-der-sinefd, s. One who undersigns Undersized, un-dersize'd, a. Being of a size less than common. [subsoil. Undersoil, un'-der-soyl, s. Soil beneath the surface Understand, v.a. ; pret. and pp, U7ider- stood. To have just ideas of; to comprehend; to know; to know what is not expressed; to learn; to. he informed. ’ - v.n. To have the use of the intellectual faculties ; to be informed ; to leam. ring Understanding, un-der-stand'-ijig, ppr. Comprehend - ’ skilful;—ad. Under standingly. faculty of the mind by which it apprehends the real state of thmgs; knowledge; exact compre- hensionj intellect ; intelligence, comprehension conception. Undeestate, un-der-state’, y.a. To represent less strongly than the truth will hear. Undeestood, un-der-stood', pret. and pp. of the verb to understand. Undee-steappee, nn’-del-strap'-per, s. An inferior agent; a petty fellow. Undeetake, un-der-take', y.a. ; pret. undertook; pp. undertaken. To engage in ; to enter upon ; to take iii hand; to begin to perform; to contract to do; to attempt. v.n. To take upon or assume any business or nro Vince ; to venture ; to hazard. Undertaker, un-der-ta'-ker, s. One who engages in any project or business ; one who manages funerals. UNDERTAKiNGjt 8. Any business or pro¬ ject which a person engages in; enterprise. Undertook, un-der-took', pret. of the verb to un¬ dertake. [under-valuatiri". Undervaluation, rm-der-val-yu-a'-shun, s. Act of Undervalue, un-der-val'-yu, v.a. To value below the real worth; to esteem lightly; to despise. — s. A price less than the real worth. [lightW Undervaluer, U7i-der-vaV-yu-er, s One who esteems Underwent, un-der-went', pret. of the verb to undcrao. Underwood, tm'-der-«7oof?, s. Small trees, coppice, or j) [pettv affairs. Underwork, un'-der-wurk, a. Subordinate work, Underwork, un-der-wurk', v.a. To destroy by clandcs tine measures; to work at a less price than others. Underwrite, un-der-rite', v.a. To write under some¬ thing else ; to subscribe one’s name for insuionce. — v.n. To practice insuring. Underwriter, un-der-ri'-ter, s. One who insures; an ins^er, who unaerwntes his name to the conditions of the policy. Underwriting, un-der-rit^-ing, a. Act or praotioe of insuring ships, goods, houses, &c. m DSDESOENDIBLE [ 833 ] UNDKOOPIHG Undbbobkdible, un-E8caiB\BLBt un-de-8kri*-l>&~ol, a. That cannot be described. TJndb8Cbibed» un-d«-«A:r*6e'd, a. Not described. ’Undescr'ed, un-de-skride', a. Not discovered. •Undeserved, ♦«i-de-zcrvd', a. Not merited;—ad. Unde¬ servedly s. Undeservednese. Undeserving, un-de-ze.rr^ ing, a. Not having merit; not meriting ;—ad. Uyideservingly. Undesignated, un-des'-ig-na-tea, a. Not desi^ated. Undesh^ed, un-de.-sine*d, a. Not designed or intended; —ad undesigiiedly ;—8. Undesigned7ies8. Undesignino, un-ae-si'-nin^, a. Not acting with set purpose . sincere ; upright. [not pleasing. 1/NDEsiRABLE, un-de-zir^-d~bl, a. Not to be wished; Undesirbd. un-de-zire'd, a, Not desired^ or not solicited. UNDESiaiNo.uw-de-zt'-rtjjgr, a. Not desiring or wishing. Undesikods, un-de-zi’-rus, a. Not desirous. [despair. IJNDB8PA.IRING, un-de-spayr'-\ng, a. Not yielding to Undespoiled, un- de-spoyld', a. Not despoiled. Undestined, wi-desf-tind, a. Not destined. Undetacked, un-de-tatcht', a. Not icparated. Undetected, a. Not discovered. Undeterminable, un - de - term '- in - A-blf a. That cannot be determined. * j * Undetbrminate, u 7 i-de-ter^-fne-note, a. Not determi¬ nate or settled;—8. Undetermmatemss and Undeter- inination. . , • j Undetermined, mi - de - tei'^-mindf a. Not determined; not settled; indeterminate. . ^ - Undeterred, un-de-terd'. a. Not restrained by fear. Undeveloped, un-de-veV-optf a. Not opened or un¬ folded. . # Undeviating, d. Not departing from the way, or from principle; steady; regular;—ad. Undeviatingly. , . jyxously. Undbviods, nn-de'-ve-xis, a. Not de^uous ; ad. Unde* Undevoted, a. Not devoted. Undevocred, M7i-de-i!OM?rd , a. Not devoured.^ [votion. Undbvout, a. Not devout; having no de- Undextrods, un-deks*-trus, a. Not dextrous ; clumsy. Undiadembd, wi-di’-ci-dexnd, a. Not adorned with a diadem. ...r .. 4 . Undiaphaj^ods, nn-di-af'-d-nus^ a. Not transparent. Undid, xin-did', px’et. of the verb to undo. Undifpdsed, a. Not diffused. Undioenods, un-dij'-e-nus, a. Generated by water. Undigested, ufi-do-jest'-ed, a. Not subdued by the stomach; crude. , ....r . Undignified, U7i~dig'-ne-jide, a. Not dignified; com- Undiminishablb, wi-de-mi7i'-ish-&-blf a. Not capable of diminution. . , _ ^ j Undiminished, U 7 i - de - mi 7 i '- isht , a. Not diminished. _ Undiminishing, un-de-7ni7i'-*sh-i7ig, a. Not becoming Undine, Mn-d«en', 8. A water spirit. Undinted, U 7 i-dinf-edf a. Not impressed by a blow. Undiplomatic, un-dip^lo-TJicit'-ih^ b,. Not according tP diplomatic rules. Undipped, U7i-dipt'y a. Not dipped or plunged. Undirected, U 7 i-di-rekt*-ed, a. Not directed ; not super¬ scribed. Undiscernbd, U 7 i - diz - zernd ’ , a. Notseen; not obseiwed. Undiscernible, tm - diz - zern '- e - bl . a. That cannot be discerned or discovered; invisible;—ad. yndtscer7itblyj _s. Undiscernihle7iess. [wantmg judgnient. Undiscerning, xm - diz - zern '- ing , a. Not discerning , — 8. Want of discernment. ^ , Undischarged, xm-dis-tchdrjd , a. N(^discharged. Undisciplined, xm-dis'-se-plind, a. Not duly exercised and taught; not instructed. ^ Undisclosed, u 7 i-dis-kloze'd, a. Not disclosed; not re- Undiscouraged. U7x-dis kur'-ajd,^. Not dwheartened. Undiscoverable, un dis-kux/-er-a-bly a. That cannot be discovered ,—au. Uxidiscoverably. [seen. Undiscovered, un-dis-kux/-erd, a. Not discovered; not Undiscriminating, un-di8-k7'i77i'-€-na-tt7ig,a.. Not dis¬ criminating. . Undi8( dssed, a. Not discussed. iJNDisoRACBD.Mw-dts-j^ras^d, a. Not disgraced or dis^ honoured. [guised. Undisouisable, un-dis-gui'-zdr-blf a. That cannot be dis- Undisodised^ uH-‘dis-guize'd, a. Not disguised; open; TJndiSe^tened, un-dia-h'drf-nd, a. Not discouraged. Uhdishonooked, un-diz-on'-urd, a. Not d^liOTOured. UNEiBuaTED, un-dis-niade'f a. Not disheartenod by fear, ^ Unhisoedbred, un-dis-ct^-derd, a. Not disturbed. Undispensed, uu-dis-pe7i8t', a. Not freed from obU gation. [disjiensed with Undispensinq, un-dis-petis'-mg, a. Not allowing to bf Undispbrsed, wi-dis-perst', a. Not scattered. Undisplayed, wn-dis-pZade', a. Not unfolded, [stowed. Undisposed, U7i-dis-poze'd, a. Not disposed; not be- Unpisputablb, un-ais'-pu-td-bl, a. Not disputable;— 8. Uxidisputableness. Undisputed, un-dis-pex4)t'-edy a. Not contested. Undisqdieted, u7i-dis-kwi'-et-ed, a. Not disturbed. Undissbmbled, U7x-di8-8em'~bld, a. Undisgroised; un¬ feigned. Undissembling, a. Not exhibiting a false appearance; truthful. Undissipatel, U7i-ai8'-$e-pa-ted, a. Not scattered. Undissolvable, un-diz-zolv'-d-hl, a. That cannot be dissolved or melted. Undissolved, xm-diz-zolvd', a. Not dissolved or melted. Undistempered, xi7i-dis-te)fi'‘perdf a. Not diseased, free from malady. Undistended, xm-dis~teti'-ded, a. Not enlarged. Undistilled, xm-dis-tild'y a. Not distilled. Undistinquishable, a. Not to be distinguished; not to be known;—ad. Vxidisiux- gxiiahably. Undistinguished, xm-dis-tvig'-gioishty a. Not distin¬ guished ; not plainly discerned; not marked by any particular property ; not treated with any particular respect. . [no difference. Undistinguishing, U7i-dis-ti7ig'-gwish-i7ig, a. Making Undistorted, un-dis-taiort'-ed, a. Not perverted. Undistracted, un-dis-tx'akt'-ed, a. Not pe^lexed by contraries or confusion of thoughts;—ad. Ufidistract- edly; —s. tfxidistractedxiess. [or allotted. Undistributed, Mn-dts-tWfe'-u-^ed, a. Not distributed Undisturbed, tt7i-dis-tu7‘bd'y a. Free from interrup¬ tion ; not molested, or agitated ; calm; traiiQuil , serene;—ad. Undisturbedly; —s. U7idisturbedness. Undisturbinq, xin-dis-tui'b’-i7ig, a. Not disturbing. Undivbrsified, wn-de-i'cr'-sc-./wie, a. Not varied; uni¬ form. [amused. Undiverted, un-de~vert'~ed, a. Not turned aside ; not Undividable, U7i-de-vi'-d{i-bly a. That cannot be divided; not separable. Undivided, u7i-de-vide^-edy a. Not separated or dis¬ united ; unbroken ;—ad. Uxidividedly. Undivorced, MH-de-vorsi', a. Not divorced or separated. Undivulqed, xi7i-de~vxUjd'y a. Not revealed or disclosed. Undo, MH-doo', v.a.; pret. Undid; pp. Uxidone. To re¬ verse what has been done; to annul; to loose; tc open; to take to pieces; to unravel; to imin; to bring to poverty ; to ruin in reputation. Undoce, un-dok'y v.a. To take out of dock. Undoer, un-doo'-er, s. One who reverses what has been done; one who brings destruction. Undoing, U7i-doo'-i7ia, s. The reversal of what nai been done ; ruin ; destruction. Undomestic, un-do-mes'-iik, a. Not domestic. Undomesticated, tixi-do-nie^-te-ka-ted, a. Not accus¬ tomed to a family life ; not tamed. Undone, nn-dwn', pp. lleTersed', annulled ; ruined. — a. Not performed ; not executed. Undoubted, u7i-dovot'~ed, a. Not called in question ; iu dubltable ;—ad. Uiidouhtedly. [evident. Undoubtful, u7\-dowt'-^ul, a. Not doubtful; plain Undoubting, un-doiot'-txigy a. Not hesitating respect¬ ing facts ; not fluctuating ad. Uxidoubtmgly. Undrained, Mn-d»'rt«e'd, a. Not freed from water. Undramatic, un-dra-tnat'-iky a. Not according to the rules of the drama. . , , Undraped, un-drap^t, a. Not covered with drapci’y. Undrawn, wn-draten', a. Not drawn or pulled by an external force ; not allured. Undreaded, un-dred'-ed, a. Not feared. Undreading, tm-dred'-i«p, a. Fearless. Undreamed, un-dreemd'y a. Not thought of. Undress, tin-dres'y v.a. To divest of clothes ; to disrobe. — 8. A loose, negligent dress. Undressed, U7i-drest', pp. Divest€0 cd uress ; — a. Not dressed ; not attired. Undried, xi 7 i-drid^, a. Not dried; wet Undrilled, wn-driW', a. Not drihed. Undrinkable, U7i-drinkf~A-bl, a. Not drinkable. Undriven, tm-driv'n, a. , Not driven; not imj^Ued. Undroopinq, un-dfoop^^ing a. Not drooping; despairing. UNDEOSSY [ 834 ] USEXISTENT CuDaossY, un-dros'-se, a. Free from dross or recrement. Undeowned, tm-(iroicfid'y a. Not drowned. Umdubitable, un-dew'-be-t&~bly a. Unquestionable. Undue, Mn-deM>', a. Not due; not yet demandable of ri^hi, not agreeable to a rule or standard ; not proportioned ; excessive. [waving. Undulary, un-du-lA-re, a. Playing like waves; Undulate, un'-du-late, v.a. To move up and down, as waves, to cause to vibrate. — v.n To vibrate , to wave. Undulate, la. Wavy ; waved obtusely Undulated, un'-du-ln-ted, / up and down. Undulating, nn' d\i-la-ting, ppr. Waving , vibrating. ~ a. Wavy ; rising and falUng;—ad. Vnaulaiingly. Undulation, un-du-la'-shun, s. A waving motion or vibration.—In music, a rattling or jarring of sounds.— In snrg., a certain motion of the mutter of an abscess when pressed. Unddlatory , un'-du-la-tur-e, a. Moving in the manner of waves.—In optics, the undulatory theory is the phenomena of light produced by undulatory motions. Unduly , un-deto'-Uy ad. Not according to duty or pro¬ priety. Undurable, xin-deio'-rd-hl, a. Not lasting. Unduteods, un-dew'-te-us, ) a. Not obedient; not Undutiful, xm-dew'-te-fui, ) perfoiming duty ; want¬ ing in respect;—ad. VndxUifidly ;~-6. Undxtfi/ulness. Undying, Mn-di'-tnp, a. Not dying or perishing; im¬ mortal. Unearned, un-ernd\ a. Not merited by labour. Unearth, uxi-erth'yY.a. To drive fi*om the earth; to uncover. Unearthed, un-ertht', a. Driven from a den or cavern. Unearthly, xm-erth'-le, a. Not teirestrial. Uneasily, un-e'-ze-le, ad. With uneasiness or pain. Uneasiness, xin-e'-ze-nes, s. A moderate degree of pain ; restlessness ; disquietude. Uneasy, un-e'-ze, a. Feeling some de^ee of pain; restless ; disturbed ; unquiet; constrained; not graceful; disagreeable. UNEATABLE, un-set'-d-bL a. Not fit to be eaten. Uneaten, ufi-eet'n.a.. Not eaten. [mind. Unedifyinq, xm-ed'-e^ifi-ing, a. Not improving to the Uneducated, xin-ed'-u-ka-ted, a. Not educated; illit¬ erate. Uneffaced, xm-ef-/aysf, a. Not obliterated. Uneffected, xin-ef-fek'-ted, a. Not effected or per¬ formed. Uneffectual, un-ef-feki'-yu-al, a. Ineffectual. Unelaborjitb, xm-e-lab'-o-rate, a. Finished with little labour or study. Unelastic, xm-e-las'-tik, a. Not having the property of recovering its original state when bent. Unelated, xin-e-la'-tea, a. Not elated ; not puffed up. Unelbowy:d, xm-eV-bode, a. Not attended by any at the elbow. [ferred. Unelected, xin-e-lek'-ted, a. Not elected; not pre- Uneligiblb, un-eV-e-je-hl, a. Not proper to be chosen ; ineligible. [cipated. Unemancipated, xin-e-nian'-se-pa-ted, a. Not eman- Unembalmed, xin-em-bi^md', a. Not embalmed. Unembarrassed, un-em-bw^-rast, a. Not perplexed in mind; not confused. Unembittered, xin-em-Hf-terd, a. Not aggravated. Unembodied, un-em-bod'-id, a. Free from a corporeal body; not embodied. Unembroidered, un-em-bro'if-derd, a. Not embroidered. Unemphatic, xin-exn-faV-ik, a. Having no emphasis ;— ad. Unemphatically. Unemployed, ttn-cm-pZoyrf', a. Not occupied; at leisure. Unempowered, un-em-poee'-erd, a. Not empowered or authorized. [excel. Unemulatino, un-em'-xi-la-ting, a. Not striving to Unenchanted, un-en-tch’d^if-ed, a. Not enchanted; that cannot be enchanted. Unencountered, un-en-kown'^terd, a. Not encountered. Unencumber, un-en-kurr-heTt v.a. To free from en¬ cumbrance. Unencumbered, xtn-en-kuni'-berd, pp. Disengaged from encumbrance a. Not encumbered or burdened. Unendeared, un-eti-deerd, a. Not attended with endearment. [effort. Unendeavourin<^ un-en-dexf-xir-ing, a. Making no Umendbd, a. Not ended. Unending, xm-end'-ing, a. Not ending. Unrndowyd. xtyi-en-doxed', a. Not endowed ; not fur* ciLbed with funds. Unendurable, un-exi-deit/-r&-hl, a. Not to be endured ; intolerable;—ad. Unendurably. [tion. Unenduring, a. Of temporary dura* Unenervated, un-en'-er-va-ted, a. Not weakened. Unenfeebled, un-en-fe'-bid, a. Not enfeebled. Unengaged, xm-en-gayjd', a. Not bound by covenant or promise ; free from obligation ; unemployed ; un¬ occupied , not appropriated. Unengaqing, U7i-en-ga'-jing, a. Not adapted to win the affections. Unenglish, un-in^-glish,A. Not English. Unenjoyed, tm-en-joyd', a. Not obtained. Unenjoying, un-en-Joy'-ing, a. Having no fruition. Unenlaroed, U7i-en-ldrjd', a. Not enlarged ; narrow. Unenlightened, un-en-liie'nd, a. Not enlightened , LHuniinated. Unenlivened, xm-en-live'nd, a. Not enlivened. Unenslaved, xm-e7i-slav^d, a. Not enslaved ; free. Unentanglb, un-en-tany'l, v.a. To disentangle. Unentangled, un-en-tang'ld, pp. Disentangled. — a. Not entangled or complicated. Unenterprising, un-en-tei'-pri'-zing, a. Not adven turous ;—ad Vne^iterprisingly. Unentertaining, un-e7i-ter-ta'-ning^ a. Not enter¬ taining or amusing;—ad. (Jnentertaxningly; —s. Vnen- tertamingxiess. Unenthralled, xm-exi-thrawld', a. Not enslaved or reduced to thraldom. Unentombed, un-en-too7nd', a. Not buried or interred. Unenvied, un-en'-vid, a. Not envied; exempt from envy. [envy. Unenvious, un-en'-ve-xfs, a. Not envious; free from Unenvying, xin-en'-ve-ing, a. Not envying. Unequable, xin-e'-kwd-bl, a. Different at different times; not uniform. Unequal, xm-e'-kxcal, a. Not even; not of the same size, length, breadth, quantity, &c.; inferior; inade¬ quate ; disproportioned; ill-matched; not reg^ar; —ad. tlneqxially; —s. XInequalness. Unequaled, un-e'-kwald. a. Unparalleled, unrivaled. Unequipped, un-e-kwipt', a. Not equippea. Unequivocal, xin-e-kwiv'-o-kal, a. Not doubtful; clear evident;—ad. Unequivocally; —s. Uxieqxiivocalness, Unerrable, xm-er'-r&-bl, a. Infallible ;—s. XJnerra- bleness. Unerring, xin-er'-ring, a. Committing no mistake,' certain ad. Unerringly. [coat of arms. Unescutcheoned, un-es-kutch'-xmdy a. Not having a Unespied, xm-es-pide', a. Not espied ; not seen. Unessayed, xm-es-sade', a. Unattempted. Unessential, xm-es-sen'-shal^ a. and 8. Not absolutely necessary ; void of real being; something not consti¬ tuting essence ;—ad. Unassentially. Unevangelical, xin-e-van-jeV-e-kal, a. Not orthodox. Uneven, un-e'-vn, a. Not level or equ^ ; not uni form; not smooth .—Uneven number, an odd number; —ad. Unevenly; —s. Unevenness. Uneventful, xm-e-vent'-ful, a. Not eventful. Unexacted, xm-egz-ak'-ted, a. Not taken by force Unexagqerated, im-egz-€0'-jer-a-ted, a. Not exagger¬ ated. [exammed. Unexaminablb, un-egz-am'-in-&-hl, a. Not to be Unexamined, wi-egz-am'-md, a. Not interrogated; not inquired into or investigated. Unexampled, un-egz-am'-pld, a. Having no example or similar case ; unprecedented. Unexcepted, un-ek-sep'-ted, a. Not excepted. Unexceptionable, un-ek-sep'-shun-d-bl, a. Not liable to any exception ; unobjectionable;—ad. Unexce 2 }tion~ ably; —s. UnexceptionaMeyiess. [excise. Unexcised, xm-ek-size'd, a. Not charged with duty of Unexcited, xm-ek-site'-ed, a. Not roused. Unexcluded, un-eks-kloc/-ded, a. Not excluded. Unbxclusive, un-eks-kloo'-siv, a. Not exclusive. Unzxcommunicated, wi-eks-koni-mew'-ne-ka-ted, a. Not excommunicated. [done. Unexecuted, un-eksf-e-kxi-ted, a. Not performed ; not Unexemplary, un-egz'-em-pld-re, a. Not exemplary; not according to example. Unexemplifted, xin-egz-em'-ple-fide, a. Not exempli- fide ; not illustrated by example. [privilege. Unexempt, un-egz-empt', a. Not exempt; not free oy Unexercised, un-eks'-er^size'd, a. Not exercised; not disciplined. [not exerted. Unexerted, xm-egz-ert'-ed, a. Not called into action ; Unexhausted, xm-egz-hawst'-ed, a. Not cxhaii£t-ei- iathomably ;—s. U7ifatho7nable7iess. Unfathomed, MAx-fath'-urndy a. Not to he sounded. Unfatioued, un-fd-teegd'y a. Not wearied. Unfaulty, u7i-fawV-te. a. Free from fault; innocent. Unfavourable, un-fn’-vur-d-bly a. Not favourable or propitious ; not kind or obliging ; discouraging ad. tfnfavourably s. U7ifavourableness. [sisted. Unfavoured, tin-fa'-vurd, a. Not favoured; not as- Unpeared, un-feerd'y a. Not feared or dreaded. Unfearful, Mn-/eer'-/? * o » Unhanged, un-hangd', | a. Not hung upon a gallows ; Unhung, u7x~hung', j not punished by hangriug. Unhappily, un-haff-pt-U, ad. Unfortunately; misera* bly; calamitously UNHAPPINESS [ 837 ] UNIMPEOVED UwHAPFiNEfts, un-/iup'-pe-ne«,8. Misfortune; ill-luck; infelicity; misery ; miscluevous prank. Unhappt, un-haf/-pe, a. Unfortunate; unlucky; aflaieted; miserable ; wretchedad. Unhappuy s. Unhappinesi. . , ^ » Unharassbd, '-d-w, a. That cannot be moved; finn ; immovable ad. U7imovably. Unmoved, un-wioot>'rf, a. Not transferred from one place to another ; not changed in purpose; unshaken; firm. U NMoviNQ, U7i-mooi/ -ing, a. Not exciting emotion. UNMUFFLE, xiv-nvuf'fi, V.a. To take a covering from the face ; to remove the muffling of a drum. I'NMDRMURED, xm-mur'-77iurd, a. Not murmured at. Unmurmuring, un-77ixir'-mur-ing, a. Not complaining. Unmusical, un-77iew'-zc kal, a. Not harmonious; harsh; —ad. Ufwiuaicalty. [member; entire. onmctilated, im-77iew'-te-la-ied, a. Not deprived of a t'NMuaiLE, un-muz’zl, v.a. To loose from a muzzle. Unnamed, un-tiaymd', a. Not mentioned. Unnatural, un-nat'-yu-ral, a. Contrary to the laws of nature; not in conformity to nature;—ad. Umiaturally. Unnavigable, un-nax/-e-gd-bl, a. Not navigable. UNNAViGz-.TLiD, un-naiZ-e-ga-ted, a. Not navigated. Unnecessarily, U7i-nes'-es-sd-re-le, ad. Without ne¬ cessity ; needlessly. Unnecessary, u7i-7ies'-e8-sA-re, a. Not necessary; need¬ less ; useless ;—ad. Unnecessa7'ily ; —s TJnnecessay-mess. Unnecessitated, un-ne-se^-se-ta-ted, a. Not requii'ed by necessity. Unneeded, un-7ieed'-ed, a. Not needed. Unneedfctl, un-need'-ful, a. Not needful; not wanted , —ad. Un7ieedfully. Unneighbourly, xm-na'-hur-le, a. or ad. Not suitable to the duties of a neighbour ; not kind and friendly. Unnerve, xm-nerx/, v.a. To deprive of nerve; to weaken; to enfeeble. ^Unnerved, un-nertjd', a. Weak; feeble. *Unnoble, un-no'-bl, a. Ignoble ; mean. Unnoted, xm-no'-ted, a. Not observed; not distin¬ guished ; not regarded. Unnoticed, un-no'-tist, a. Not taken notice of; not hospitably entertained. Unnumbered, xm-num'-berd, a. Innumerable , not numbered. Unnutritious, un-nu-trish'-us, a. Not affording nou¬ rishment. Un objected, un-ob-jek'-ted, a. Not charged as a fault. Unobjectionable, un-ob-jek'-shxm-d-bl, a. Not liable to objection;—ad. Uxiobjectioxiably. Unobliging, un-o-hli'-jixig, a. Not disposed to oblige. Unobscured, un-ob-skewrd', a. Not darkened. Unobsequious, un-ob-se’-kxjoe-us, a. Not servile. Unobservable, un-ob-zer'-vd-bl, a. Not discoverable. Unobservance, U7x-ob-zer'-va7ise,s. Inattention ; regard¬ lessness. [less. Unobservant, un-ob-zer'-vant, a. Not attentive ; heed- Unobserved, un-ob-zervd', a. Not noticed ; not re¬ garded. Unobsbrving, ttn-o6-zer'-mna,a. Inattentive; heedless. Unobstructed, xi7i-ob-strulf-ted, a. Not filled with impediments ; not hindered. [any obstacle. Unobstructive, un-ob-struk'-tix), a. Not presenting Unobtainable, un-oh-ta7i^-d-bl, a. Not within reach or power. [quired. Unobtained, un-ob-taynd', a. Not obtained; not re- Unobtrusive, un-ob-troo'-siv, a. Not forward ; modest- Unobvious, xin-ob'-x)e-u8, a. Not readily occurring to the understanding. Unoccupied, un-ok'-yu-pide, a. Not possessed; not engaged in business. [offence. Unofpended, un-of-fe7id'-ed, a. Not having taken Unoffending, U7i-of-fe7id'-ing, \ a. Not giving offence ; Unofpensive, UTi-of-fen'-siv, ] harmless; ftee from sin. fance. Unoffered, un-of'-ferd, a. Not proposed for accept- Unofficial, un~of-Jish'-al, a. Not official, not pertain¬ ing to office. [meddling. Unofficious, u7i-of-fish'-us, a. Not forward or inter- Unopened, un-optf'na, a. Not opened. Unopbrativb, un-op'-er-d-tiv, a. Producing no effect. Unoperculated, un-o-pe'r'-kexo-la-ted, a. Having no Unopposed, un-poze’d, a. Not resisted. [cover. Unoppressed, xm-op-prest', | a. Not unduly bui*- Unoppressive, U7x-op-pres'-siv, j dened ; not oppres¬ sive. Unordered, uii-aior'-derd, a. Not ordered. Unorderlt, uh-awr'-der-le, a. Disorderly ; irregular. Unorganized, un-aivr'-gaxi-ize'd, a. Not organized not having organic structure or vessels, Unoriginal, uxi-o-rij’-e-nal, a. Derived; ungenerative. Unoriginated, un-o-ry'-e-no-ied, a. Having no birth or creation. Unornamental, u7%-aur-nd-7ne7if-al, a. Plain; un¬ decorated. Unornamented, un-aicr-nd-ment’-ed. a. Not adorned. Unorthodox, un-awr'-tho-doks, a. Not orthodox. Unostentatious, u7i-os-ten-ta'-shus, a. Not boastful, modest, not showy. Unowed, un-ode', a. ‘ Not due. [owner. Unowned, xm-oand’, a. Not owned ; having no known Unoxtgenated, un-ok^-e-je7%-a-ted,) a. Not having Unoxygenized, un-oAs'-e-jen-tze’d, j oxygen in combi¬ nation. Unpacific, xm-pd-sif'-ik, a. Not disposed to peace. Unpacipied, U7i~pa^-e-Jide, a. Not appeased. Unpack, im-prtXr, v.a. To open to oisburden. tJKPA.CKEi>, a. Not |>acked. TTkpa-id, Hn-pmefy a. Not discha^ed, as a d&bt, not having received what is due.—ITnpaid /w, taken on credit. TJnpained, un-paynd' a. Suffering no pain. Unpainful, un-pay7i'-fuly a. Giving no pain. Unpainted, un-paynt'-ed, a. Not painted, [greeable. Unpalatable, a. Not palatable; disa- Unpalled, un-pau id\ a. Not deadened. Unpanoplied, un paii’-o-pldy a. Destitute of panoply. Unpaeadisb, un-par'-d-disey v.a. To deprive of happi¬ ness. [;matchGd. Unparaqoned, un-par'-d-gondy a. Unequaled; un- Unparalleled, un-par'-ai'leldy a. Having no parallel or equal. Unpardonable, un-p’dr’dn-d-hly a. Not to be forgiven. XJnpardoned, un-pd7''-dndy a. Not forgiven ; not hav¬ ing received a legal pardon. [don. Unpardoning, M»t-par'dn-ingr, a. Not disposed to par* "Unparliamentary, un-p'dr-le-tnent'-d-rey a. Contrary to the rules of proceeding in parliament, or to the usages of legislative bodies. Unparted, un-pcirt'-ed, a. Not parted ; not divided. Unpassioned, un-pash'-U7idy a. Not excited by passion; calm. , [manners. Unpastoral, un-pa^-to-ral. a. Not suitable to pastoral Unpatented, un-paf -e7it-ed, a. Not granted by patent. Unpathed, un-p'dthd'y a. Unmarked by passage ; not trodden. [the passions. Unpathetic, un-pd-thef-ik, a. Not adapted to move Unpatriotic, un-pa-tre-ot'-iky a. Not patiiotic. Unpatronized, un-pa'-tron-ize'dy a. Not supported by friends. , [equal. Unpatterned, un-pat'-ternd, a. Having no pattern or Unpaved, un-payvd'y a. Not covered with stone. Unpawned, un*pawnd'. a. Not pledged. "Unpeaceable, un- 7 )*'%e^hl, a. Not having a fair appearance. •_ a pplaudin i Unplausivb, un-plavj'-BiVy a. Not approving; no* Unplbadable, un-pleed'-^bly a. That cannot be pleaded. Unpleasant, un-plez'-ant, a. Not affording pleasure , disagreeable;—ad. Unpleasantly; —s. U7\pleasantness. Unpleased, un-pleezd', a. Displeased. Unpleasing, «n-pZeez'-tn< 7 , a. Offensive; disgusting. Unpledged, un-pl^d', a. Not mortgaged. Unplia^le, Mn-p/*'-d-6Z,) a. Not easily bent; stiff Unpliant, un-pit'-ani, / not readily yielding. Unplodghbd, un-plowd', a. Not ploughed. Unplume, un-plooin', v.a. To strip of plumes; to degrade. [strippea. Unplundbred, un-plun'-derd, a. Not plundered or UNPOETICAL,ttn-po-e^'-e-fcaZ,a. Not having the beauties of verse ;—ad. Unpoetically. Unpointed, un-poynt'-ed, a. Having no point or sting not having the marks of punctuation. Unpoisbb, un-poyzd', a. Not balanced Unpolarized, un-po'-lar-ize'd, a. Not having polity. Unpolicied, un-pol'-e-sid, a. Not having civil polity. Unpolished, un-pol'-isht, a. Not made bright by attn • tion ; not refliaed in manners ; uncivilized; rude. Unpolitb, un-po-lite'y a. Not refined in manners ; not civil or coui teous ; unmannerly ad. U7xpolitely Vnpoliteness. Unpolled, un-pole'd, a. Not registered as a voter; not stripped. [rupteti Unpolluted, un-pol-loo'-ted, a. Not defiled or coi Unpopular, un-pop'-yu-lar, a. Not popular ; not pleasing the people ;—ad. Unpopularly s. Unpopu larity. , [rieo. Unportable, un-pore'-l Unsuspicious, un-sxis-pish'-xis , a. Having no suspicion ; not to be suspected ad. Unsuspiciously. Unsustainable, ufx-sus-tane’-d-bly a. That cannot be maintained. Unsustained, ttn-8Ms-Za«e'a, a. Not supported. ^ Unsubtaining, un-sxis-taxie'-i/ng , a. hiot sustaining. Unswathe, un-swaythe'y v.a. To relieve from a bandage Unswayable,-!- U7i-swa'-d-bly a. That cannot he in fluenced by another. Unswayed, xm-swade', a. Not biased or influenced. Unswear, uu sxoare', v.a. To recant or recal an oath. Not supported; not ; not certain. Not in a surgical UNSWEPT [ 846 ] UNTAEIABLE TJnswkpt, uu-$weptt a. Not Cleaned with a broom. Unswerving, un-txonv'-ingy a. Not deTiatuag from a certain standard;—ad. TInsioervingly. Unsworn, un-swoarn’, a. Not bound by an oath. UN8YMMBTRICA.L, uii-sim-met'-re-kal, a. "Wanting sym¬ metry or due proportion of parts. [order. Unsystematic, un-sis-te-maV-iky a. Not having regular Untack, uti-tak'y v.a. To separate what is tacked ; to disjoin. Untainted, a. Not rendered impure by admixture ; not sullied or stained; tmblemished; not charged with crime. [not swallowed. Untaken, U7i,-take'n^ a. Not seized or apprehended; Untamable, U7t~tame'-&~bl, a. That cannot be tamed or domesticated. Untamed, un-tame'df a. Not reclaimed from wildness ; not domesticated. Untangle, un-tang’gl, v.a. To disentajigle. Untarnished, un-tar'-niskt, a. Not soiled or tarnished. Untaskbd, U7i-t(iskt', a. Not tasked. [tongue. Untasted, un-tayst'-ed, a. Not tried by the taste or Untasteedl, un-tay$t'~/ul, a. Having no taste ; being ■without taste. Untaught, tin-tawt', a. Not taught or educated; illite¬ rate; unskilled. [accused. Untaxed, un~takst', a. Not charged with taxes ; not Unteach, un-«ee«c/»', v.a.; pret. and p.p. untaught. To cause to forget what has been taught. Unteach ABLE, un-teetch-d-bl, a. That cannot be taught or instructed; indocile ;—8. Unteathobleiiess. Untbmpered, un-tem'-pfi.rd, a. Not duly mixed for use. Untempted, im-iemp'~ted, a. Not tried bj enticements or persuasions. [or allure. Untbmptino, un-temp’-ting, &. Not adapted to tempt Untenable, un-ten'-A-bl, a. That cannot be held fn possession; not defensible. Untenantable, un-ten'-a7it-&~bl, a. Not in suitable repair for a tenant. [tenant. Untenanted, tm-tefi'-ant-ed, a. Not occupied by a Untended, un-tend'-ed, a. Not having any attendant. Untender, un-ten' -der, a. Not soft; wanting sensibility or affection ad. U7itenderly. Untendered, un-ten'-derd, a. Not offered. Untented, tm-te7it'ed, a. Not having a tent applied. Unterrieikd, un-ter'-re-Jide, a. Not affrighted or daunted. Untested, nn-tesf-ed, a. Not tried by a standard. Untha.nkbd, un-thangkV, a. Not repaid with acknow¬ ledgments. Unthankful, un-thangk'-ful, a. Not making acknow- ledgments for good received; imgrateful ;~ad. JJn- tnankfxdly ;—s. XJnthankfxdness. Unthawbd, un-thawd\ a. Not melted or dissolved. Unthinking, un-thiyik'-ing, a. Not heedful; thought¬ less ; inconsiderate ad. Unthinkingly. Unthorny, un-thawrxi'-e, a. Free from thorns. ^nthoughtpul, un-thaict'-ful, a. Thoughtless; heed- Unthouoht of, un-thawf-ot, a. Not regarded Unthread, un-thred\ v.a. To draw a thread from; to Unthreatened, un-thret'nd, a. Not menaced. Unthrift, un-thrift, s. One who wastes his estate by extravagance. ^ Unthrifty , m-thriff-e, a. Prodigal; lavish; profuse ; not thriving ad. Unthriftily i—s. Unthriftiness. unthrivino. a. Not prospering Unthrone, un throne', v.a. To dethrone. Untidi, un-ti' de, a. Not neatly dressed ; not in good order ; unseasonable ;-ad. Untidily ,-s. Untidiness. loosen ; to disengage the parts that form a knot, to unbind ; to unfold. Untied^, un-tide', pp. or a. Separated ; not tied ; not bound or gathered in a knot; loose. Until, un-tif prep, and conj To , used of time, or of object* ; to the degree that. See Till. Unt'ile, un-tile', v.a. To uncover by removing tiles. Untiltd, un-Me'd pp or a Stripped of tiles. Untillvo, un-tild , a. Not tilled or cultivated. ^tSber*’*”' a- Not furnished with ^usu^ftta^" Happening before the usual time , premature ; inopportune. Untiring, un-tir^-ing, a. Wot becoming eshauated,— ad. Ujitiringly. Untithed, un-tithe'd, a. Not subjected to tithes. Untitled, un-ti'-tld, a. Having no title. Unto, u7t-too, prep. A compound of un and to, chiefly confined to the Scriptures, and sometimes used ia poetry. See To. Untold, un-tole'd, a. Not related ; not reyealed. Untomb, un-toom', v.a. To disinter. Untouchable, U7i-tutch'-&-bl, a. Not to be touched. Untouched, im-tutcht', a. Not reached ; not hit; no affected. Untoward, un-to'-ard, a. Froward ; perverse ; refrac¬ tory ; awkward , ungainly ;—s. Untowardness. Untowardly, tm-to'-ard-le, a. and ad. Awkward, perverse; froward. Untraceable, un-trase'-d-bl, a. That cannot be traced. Untraced, un-traysV, a. Not marked out. Untracked, un-trackt, a. Not marked by footsteps. Untrained, uxi-trane'd, a. Not trained or disciplined ; not skillful. Untrammeled, un-trani'-mid, a. Not shackled. Untransferable, un-trans'-fer-d-bl, a. Not to be transferred or passed to another. Untranslatable, un-trans-late'-d-bl, a. Not capable of being translated. [another language. Untranslated, un-trans-late'-ed, a. Not rendered int' Untransparent, un-traxis-pare'-ent, a. Opaque. Untraveled, a. Not trodden by passen¬ gers ; having never seen foreign countries. Untraversed-, uxi-trav'-erst, a. Not passed over. Untreasured, U7i-trezh'-urd, a. Not laid ; not repo-. [shaking ; toi; steady. Untremblino, un-trenV-bling, a. Not trembling or Untried, U7i-tride\ a. Not attempted; not having passed trial; not heard and determined in law. Untrimmed, un-trirnd', Qi.. Not pruned or dressed, not put in order. [powder. Untriturated, un-trit-yu-ra-ted, a. Not reduced to Untrod, u7i-trod', ) a. Not having been trod : Untrodden, u7i-trod'-dn, ) not passed over. Untrolled, un-trole'd, a. Not trolled , not rolled along. Untroubled, un-trub'ld, a. Not disturbed oy care or business; free from trouble; not agitated; not foul or turbid. Untrue, tm-troo', a. Contrary to the fact; not faithful to another ; false ; disloyal; Inconstant, as a lover ad. Uxitrxdy. [out Untruss, xm-trns', v.a. To loose from a timss ; to let Lntrussed, xm-trust, a. Not tied up. Untrdstiness, uu-trust-e-ness, n. Unfaithfulness in the discharge of a trust. [of confidence. Untrustworthy, xin-trusf-wxir-the, a. ^J’ot deserving Untrustv, uxi-trust-e, a. Not worthy of confidence; unfaithful. Untruth, Mn-Urooi?i',s. Falsehood; want of veracity. Untruthful, un-trooth’-fxd, a. Wanting in veracity, —ad. Untruthfully ;—s- Uxitrxithfxdness. Untuck, un-tuk', v.a. To unfold or undo a tuck. Untuckebed, un txik'-erd, a. Having no tucker. Untujibled, U7i-txixn'-bld, a. Not rolled ; not rumpled. Untunable, wn-iew!n'-d-W, a. Not musical; not capa¬ ble of making music ;—s. Untxmableness. Untune, un-texon', v.a.' To make incapable of har¬ mony ; to disorder. Unturbaned, xm-tur'-hand, a. Not wearing a turban. Unturned, xoi-txirnd', a. Not turned. Untutored, un-tew'-tnrd, a. Uninstructed ; untaught. Untwine, xm-twine', v.a. To unfw'ist; to disentangle ; to separate. Untwist, un-twist\ v.a. To separate and open; to turn back that which is twisted , to disentangle. Unupheld, un-up-held\ a. Not sustained Unurqed, uxi-urjd', a. Not pressed with solicitation. Unused, xin-yewzd', a. Not put to use ; not employed ; not accustomed. [purpose! Unuseful, un-yxise’-fxd, a. Useless, serving no good Unusual, nn-yu'-zhn-al, a. Not usual; not commoE ; —ad. Unusually [sible. Unutterable, xin-ut-ter-A-bl, a. Ineffable , inexpres- Unvacated, un-va'-ka-ted, a. Not made vacant. Unvail, un-vaW, v.a. To remove a vail from ; to un¬ cover . [neglected. Unvalued, un-vaV-yxide, a. Not valued; not pidzed; Unvanquishable, un-van'-kwish‘k-bl, a. That cannot be conquered. UnYA.'savisB.sD, un-vank'-wisht, &. Not conquered* Umvariabijs, un-vare'-e d bl, a. Not changeable^' UIJVAEIED [ 847 ] Unvaribd, un-vare'-id, a. Not altered or diversified. TJnVARIEGATED, un-va'-re~e-ga-ted, a. Not diversified. Unvarnished, un-vdr'~7tishtf a. Notartiflciafiy coloured 01 adorned; plain. Unvarying, tm-va'-re-itw, a. Not liable to change. Unveil, U7i-vale', v.a. To uncover , to divest of a veil. Unvenerab'le, un-ve7i'-er-d-bl, a. Not worthy of ven¬ eration. [free current of air. Unventilatbd, xi7i-vi7%'-te-lci~tedf a. Not pui’ified by a Unverdant, a. Not green. Unversed, im-verst', a. Not skilled ; unacquainted. Unvexed, 7i7i-7^ekst'^ a. Not troubled or disturbed. Un vindicated, a. Not defended. Unviolated, u 7 i-vi'-o-la-t€d, a. Not injured ; not broken. Unvizard, tm-viz'-aT'd, v.a. To unmask. Unvibited, U7i-viz'-it-ed, a. Not resorted to. Unvitiated, U7i~vish'-e-a-ted, a. Not corrupted. Unvitrified, U7i-vit'-7’e~Jide, a. Not converted into glass. Unvolatilized, u 7 i-vol'-d-til-ize'd, a. Nut volatilized. Unvouched, wi-vowtcht’y a. Not fully tested. Unvowed, wx-voiod\ a. Not consecrated by promise. Unvoweled, u7i~vow'-Id, a. Having no vowels. Unvoyageable, u7i-voy'-oje-d-hl, a. Not to be navigated. Unvulnerable, un-vuV-7i6V’-d.-bl, a. Not vulnernable. Unwakened, wi-wake'nd, a. Not roused from sleep. U N walled , un-tvatohi'. a. Not surrounded by a wall. Unwarily, un-wa-re-ie, ad. ‘Without vigilance; heedlessly. Unwariness, U7i-tva'-re-7ies, Unwarlike, un-wawr'-likey military. Unwarmed, un-wawr7nd', a. Unwarned, %i7i-ioa'wrnd', a. Unwaup, un~wa7vrp'i v.a. warped. Unwarped, a. _ . Unwarping, \m-wawrp'-%7xg, a. viating. ^caution, s. Want of vigilance or i. Not used to war; not Not warmed or excited. Not cautioned. To reduce back what is [impartial. Not warped ; not biased ; Unyielding; not de- [illegal. Unwarrantable, wi-wor'-raixt-ct-bl, a. Not defensible , Unwarrantableness, %ux-wor’-ra7it d-bl-7xe»y s. State of being unwarrantable. Unwarrantably , a. In a manner that cannot be justified. *v. ■ Unwarranted, un-woir'-rant-ed, a. Not authorized; not assured or certain. , [guarded. Unwary, Mn-wa'-re, a. Not vigilant or cautious; un- Unwa-shbd, uix-wosht', ) cleansed by water. Unwashen, j ^ __ Unwasted, U7i-wayst'-ed, a. Not lost by extrav^ance or negligence ; not dissipated; not lost by e^austion, evaporation, or otlier means. . ^decaying. TTnwasting U7x-wayst'-i7igt a. Not growing less , not UNwfTcX^ a. Not guarded with vigi- Unwatchful, u7i-wotch'-fuly a. Not vigilant. Unwatered, un~waw'-terd, a. Not watered , dry. Unwavering, U7i-wa'-ver-i7ig, a. Not wavenUs , firm. Unweakenhd, a. - Unweaned, a. Not UNWEAPOK^f"«»-««P''«', a. Not f^ished with IJnweariable uyx-xvee'-re-d-bl, a. Indefatigable. Not toed ; tadefaUgable^_ Unweary, a. Not tired. . ^ Un™ve, «n-weee', v.a. To undo what haa been UNwat. un-wed', ) a. . Unmarried ; remaining Unwsdded, un-wed'-df.d, j . . _ Unweeded, un-weed'-ed, a. Not cleared of weeds. UNwlioHEi.an-wnde', a. Not having the weight as¬ certained. _ Inconsiderate thouglit- tTxWElGHlNG, U7X-Wa'-i7ig, a. -— Unwelcome, xm-weV-ktimy a. Not well received- Unwell, un-teel', a. Not well; indisposed. , Unwept, un-weptf, a. Not lamented • not mo^ed. Unwhift un-hwipt. a. Not corrected with the rod. Unwhispeked un-hwis’-perd. a. Not whispered. Unwholesome, «n-fto(e'-sum, a. Unfavourable to health ; insalubrious ;—s. Unwholesommess. Unwieldt, un-weeld'-e, a. That is mo’^^d with culty, unmMageable; ponderous ad. Unwieldili/, UNwiLLED**Mn*-wiM', a. Not produced by the will. vlZltviSo uZwil’-ling, Not willing; averse; reluctant;—ad UnwMmgly ;—s. j a.. Unwind, tm-wine'd, v.a.; pret. and pp. wind off; to loose or separate what is wound , to dis •entangle. Unwind, v.n. To admit evolution. Unwise, un-wiztf, a. Not wise ; defective in oniol dic¬ tated by wisdom ;—-ad. TJuxoisely. Un WITHDRAWING, U7X-with-dvciw'-xixg, a. Not wltn- drawing; continually liberal. Unwithered, xxTi-toiin-erd, a. Not withered or faded. Unwitherinq, un-with'-er-ing, a. Not liable to wither. Unwithstood, un-with-stood*y a. Not opposed. Unwitnessed, un-wit-nest*y a. Not attested by wit¬ nesses. . [ignorantly. Unwittingly, ad. Without knowledge ; Unwittt, U7x-wiV-tey a. Destitute of wit;—ad. On- xvittily. Un WOMANLY, un-M^oo^n'-an-Zc, a. Unbecoming a woman. Unwont. uTx-wunif, \ a. Unaccustomed ; unused ; Unwonted, utx-wunt’-edy j uiiconiinon ; unusua.1. Un WOODED, a. Destitute of ti’ees, timber, or wood. Unwooed, a. Not courted. ,-i/. ? Unworkmanlike, u7X'7v.urk'-77ian-like, a. Unskilful. Unworldly, U7x-wu7'ld'-le, a. Not worldly; — s. Uti- worldliness. . , Unworn, un-xvoarn', a. Not worn or impaired. Unworried, tin-w7ur'-rtd, a._ Not worried. Unworshipped, un-wur'-shipt, a. Not worshipped or adored. Unworthy, xin-wur'-the, a. Undeserving; worthless, wanting merit; unbecoming; contemptible ; not suitable ; Inadequate ad. Unworthily s. Ufxworthi- ness. , ^ ^ ^ . [twisted. Unwound, un-woond, pp. of the verb to unwind. Vn- Unwounded, u 7 i-woonu'-edy a. Not wounded; not hurt or injured. Unwoven, wn-ieo'-vn, a. Notwoven. . Unwrap, un-rap', v.a. To open what is folded. Unwreath, ujn-wreethe*, v.a. To untwist or untwum. Unwrenched, U7i-rentcht', a. Not strained or dis¬ torted. Unw'^ritten, un-rit'7i, a. Not reduced to writing \ya\.— Unwritte7i law is that which does not consist m statutes, but in the common law. [factured. Unwrouqht, un-rawt', a. Not laboiu'ed; not manu- Unwrdno, uti-ru7ig', a. Not mnehed. Untielded, un-ye^d'-ed. a. Not conceded. Unyielding, un-yeeld'-%7xgy a. Unbending , unpliant; obstinate. , tto disjoin. Unyoke, un-yokef, y. q.. To loose or free from a yoke, Unyoked, u7x-yoke'd, pp. Freed from the yoke. — a. Not having worn the yoke; unrestrained. Unzonbd, u7i-zotie'd, a. Not bound with a girdle. Up, up, ad. Aloft; on high ; out of bed ; having risen from a seat; above the horizon; to a state of excite¬ ment ; to a state of advance or proficiency ; .in a state of elevation ; in a slate of climbing or ascending; lu a state of insurrection .—Up and down, from one place to another ; backward and forward.—Up to a de¬ gree or point adequate.—Up raise; lift.—Upsiaj down, in complete disorder ; with the lower part turned above the higher. ^ * ~ prep. From a lower to a higher place ; as, go up the Up is much used as a prefix to modify the actions expressed by verbs; as in the following words, most of which are self-explanatoi^ ^ up; Upblow, to blow up; Updi’aw, UpJUl, Upning, Upiift, Upheld, Uprise, Upturn, Upwhirl, UpM»md, Vp- heave,Uphoara,Uplay,Uplead,Uplock, Upraise, Upi'car, Uproll, Uproot, Uprouse, Upspring, Upirain, Uptear, Upas, yu'-pas, s. A tree common in the forests of Java and of the neighbouring isles, the secretions ol which are poisonous. v - 'Tm Upbear, up-bore*, v.a.; pret. upbore, pp. upborne. lo raise aloft, to elevate. Upbraid, up-hrade*, v.a. To charge with Bometiiin wrong ; to reprove , to reproach. Upbraiding, up-brarfe'-in^, s A chpracttce? long-continued 1 - 1 * 0 ’ proper employment: usuiy ; interest paid for money; payment of a bill ol exchange, according to commercial usage. Use, yu.se, s. Habit; custom; practice; employment, application of anything to a purpose, good or bad ; premium paid for borrowed money.—I d law,the bene¬ fit or profit oflands and tenements.— In u«e, in employ¬ ment ; m customary practice or observance v.a To ernploy , to handle for some purpose: to w^te or exhaust by employment; to accustom; to Habituate; to render familiar by practice A ^ accustomed to , to practice customarily to be wont; to frequent; to inhabit. ^ Useful, yus^-ful, a. Producing or having power to —s^^Use/uh^ss' beneficial; profitable;—ad. Use/ui^i/; User, yu -zer, s. One who uses or occupies. officer whose business is to intro- or to walk before a person of rark ; an ^der-teacTier or assistant In a school; whence Usher. — v.a. To introdnee; to forerun. fsuirtt. Usquebaugh, us'-kwe-baw', s. A compound dlstmed '^buSd.'**'^ burning; state of being UsTOEioui, ui-to'-re ui, a. Havirg the qua"^^t TISIULATE [ 849 ] VAGABOND UiTULATB, •ss-'t^~late, a. Blackened, as if burnt. UertrLATioN, u9~t%i-la'-ihun, s. The act of burning or Karing.—In met. the operation of expelling one sub- Slanee from another by heat.—In phar. the roasting oj drying of moist substances so as to prepare them for pulverizing. Usual, a. Customary; common; frequent; —id. Usually —s. Usuniness. UauoAPTioN, yu-zu-kap'-shun, 8. In civil laWy the ac¬ quisition of property by uninterrupted possession for a certain period. Userf ucT, yu'-su~frukt, s. In law, the temporary use and enjoyment of lands and tenements which belong to another. UsuraucTDARY, yusu-fruk’ s. A person who has the use and enjoyment of property for a time, without having the title. UsuREjt yu' zhure, v.n. To practice usury. Usurer, yu'-zhu-rer, s. One who lends money at an illegal rate ef interest. Usurious, yu-zhxi'-re-us, a. Taking exorbitant interest for the use of money; partaking of or containing usury ,—ad. Usuriously; —s. Usuriousness. Usurp, yu-zurp', v a. To seize and hold possession without right; to arrogate ; to Assume or appropriate. Usurpation, yu-zur-pa'-shu7i, s. Act of seizmg or occupying power or property without right. UsuRPATORY, yu-zurp'-d tur-e, a. Usurping; marked by usurpation. Usurped, yu-zurpt^, pp. or a. Seized and enjoyed by violence, or without right. Usurper, yu-zurp'-er, s. One who seizes or occupies the power or property of another without right. Usurping, ppv. or a. Seizing or occupy¬ ing power or property without right;—ad. Usurp- ingly. Usury, yu'-zMi-re s. Interest of money beyond the rate established by law. Ut, ut. In tnusic, the first of the musical syllables. Utensil, yu-ten'-sil, s. An instrument or vessel used in a kitchen, or in domestic and farming business. Uterine, yu'-ter-in, a. Pertaining to the womb.— Ute- rin. brother or sister is one born of the same mother. U TEROGESTATioN, yu'-te-ro-g€s-ta'-s?iun, s. Gestation in the womb from conception to birth. Uterus, yu'-te-rus, s. (Lat.) The womb. Utilitarian, yu-til-e-ta'-re-an, a. Consisting in or pertaining to utility. — s. One who holds the doctrine of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism, yu-til-e-ta'-7'e-an-iz?n, s. The doctrine that utility is the end of morality, and that the greatest happiness of the greatest number should be the end anci aim of all social and political institutions. Utility, yu-iil'-e~te, s. Usefulness; production of good ; advantage. Utilization , yu-til~e-za'-shun, 8 . A making profitable; a gaining. Utilize, yu'-til-ize, v.a. To gain profit; to acquire ; to turn to profitable account. [bustle. UTis,t yu-tis, 8 . The eighth day after any festival; Utmost, ut'-moast, a. Extreme; at the furthest ex¬ tremity, or in the highest degree. [or effort, s. The most that can be ; the greatest power, degree, Utopia, yu-to'-pe-d, s. A state of ideal perfection. Utopian , yu-to'-pe-an, a. Ideal; chimerical; fanciful; whence Utopianism. Utricle, yu'-tre-kl^ s A little bag or bladder ; a little cell; a reservoir in plants to receive the sap. Utricular, yu-trik'-yu-lar, a. Containing utricles ; furnished with glandular vessels like small bags, as plants. .Utter, uf-ter, a. Situated on the outside, or remote from the centre ; extreme; complete; total; final; peremptory ; perfect ; quite.— Utter Barrister, one recently admitted as barrister, but not permitted to plead within the bar. — v.a. To speak ; to pronounce ; to express ; to dis¬ close i to divulge.—In the law style, to sell; to vend; to put or send Into circulation; to put off, as currency. Utterable, uV-ter-d-bl, a. That may be uttered or ex¬ pressed UrTER.A.scE, uf-ter-anse, s. Act of uttering words; pronunciation , manner of speaking. Uttered, uf-turd, pp. of the verb to utter» Utterer, ut'-ter-er, s. One who utters or pronounces ; one who divulges or discloses; one who puts into circulation; a seller ; a vender. Utterly uV-ier-Xe, ad. To the full extenttotally. Uttermost, uf-tef^-moast, a. Extreme ; being in the furthest or highest degree. — 8. The greatest .—To the uttermost, in the most ex¬ tensive degree ; fully. UvBOus, yu'-ve-us, a. Resembling a grape.—The wea, or uveous coat of the eye, is the posterior lamina or the iris. Uvula, yu’-vu-ld, s- (Lat.) A soft, conical body, sus¬ pended from the palate near the foramina of thu nostrils over the glottis a. Uvular. UxuRious, ug-zo’-re-US, a. Submissively fond of a wife, partaking of connubial dotage;—ad. UxoriouHy Uxoriousness. V. ■\T is the twenty-second letter of the alphabet, and a » labial articulation, formed by the junction of the upper teeth with the lower lip, as in pronouncing av, ev, ov, vain. It is nearly allied to /, being formed by the same organs; but v is vocal, and f is aspirate. As a Roman numeral, v stands for 6, and with a dash over it for 5.000. Ya, vet, v.n. (ital.) In music, go on increasing. Vacancy, va’-kan-se, s. Empty space ; vacuity ; chasm , want of the regular officer to officiate in a place ; time of leisure; intermission of business; Ustlessuess inanity; a place or office not occupied. Vacant, va'-kant, a. Not filled; empty; void; un- crowded; unengaged with business or care; not filled or occupied; thoughtless; not occupied with study ad. Vacantly. Vacate, va'-kate, v.a. To annul; to make void; to maku of no authority ; to make vacant. Vacation, vd-Aifl'-s/iun, 8. Act of making void, inter¬ mission of judicial proceedings; the intermission of regular studies and exercises of a college or seminary , the time when a see or other spiritual dignity is vacant; leisure.—In law, the recess between one term and another. Vaccart,$ vak'-k&-re, 8. A cow-house, dairy-house, or cow-pasture. Vaccina, Is. In the cow-pox; the Vacciola, vak-sV-o-ld, ) disease resulting from vac¬ cination, intended to avert the virulence of the small¬ pox. Vaccinate, vak'-sin-ate, v.a. To inocculate with the cow-pox, or a virus taken from eows.-—Cow-pox is small-pox modified. Vaccination, vak-8i7i-a’-$hun, s. The act of inoculating with the cow-pox. Vaccine, vak'-sin, a. Pertaining to cows ; derived from cows, as the vaccuie disease. Vachery, vak'-er-e, s. A pen or inclosure for cows. Vacillanct, vas'-il-lan-se, s. A state of wavering, fiuctuation. [unsteady. Vacillant, vas^-il-lant, a. Wavering ; fluctuating , Vacillate, vas'-tZ-laic, v.n. To waver; to move one way and the other; to reel or stagger ; to fluctuate in mind or opinion ; to be unsteady or inconstant. Vacillating, Dos'-iZ-ia-iinfir, ppr. Wavering; reeling, fluctuating. — a. Unsteady ; inclined to fluctuate. Vacillatingly, vas-il-la'-ti7iy-le, ad. Unsteadily. Vacillation, vas-xl-la'-shun, s. A wavering; a moving one way and the other; a reeling or staggering; fluctuation of mind; unsteadiness; change from one object to another. [making void. VACUATioNj-i* vak-yu-a^~shun, s. Act of emptying or Vacuist, uaA'-yu-iiZ, s. One who holds the doctrine of a vacuum in nature. Vacuity , 8 . Emptiness; a state of being unfilled ; inanity ; want of reality. Vacuous, vak'-yu-us, a. Empty ; unfilled ; void ;— c. Vacxiousness. Vacuum, vak'-yu-um, s. (Lat.) Space empty or devoid of all matter or body. Vade,$ vade, v.n. To pass away or vanish. Vade-mecum, va'-de-wie'-Aittm, 8 . A book or manual for ready reference. Vatrous, va'-frus, a. Crafty; cunning. Vagabond, va^-d-bond, a. Wandering ; moving from place to place without any settled habitation; driven fro. VAGABOND VANE [ 850 ] VinAsoND, s. A vagriint; one who wanders from place to place, having: no certain dwelling or visible means of living i whence rapo6ondap«, Vagabondism. Vagabondry. [idleness. Vagabondize, vag’-ft-bond-vse, v.a. To wander about in Vaoart, v/i-ga'-re, s. A wandering of the thoughts ; a wild freak. Vagina, s. In atmt., the canal which leads from the external orilice to the uterus or womb.—In hot., the leaf-staUc of those plants in which it be¬ comes thin and roUs round the stem, to which it then forms a sheath. [mg to the vagina. Vagina-l, va-jt'-nal, a. Resembling a sheath ; pertain- VAGiNANT, va-ji'-nant, \ a. In bot., sheathing, or \ A.oiiiA.TED, voj’-e-iia-ted, f furnished with a sheath VAQiNOPENNoua, vuj-e-no-pen’-7iu$ , a. Having the wings covered with a hard sheath ; sheath-winged. VAooT78,t ««a. Wandering; unsettled. > AQRANCT, 8. State of wandering without a settled home. [place ; unsettled. Vagrant^ t-a-grrrmi, a. Wandering from place to — 8, An Idle wanderer; a vagabond ; a sturdy beggar* —ad. Vagrantly. ’ Vaoce^ vage, a. Wandering; not settled, definite, or precise ; undetermined. [cover their faces. / AIL, vale, s. A network covering, used by females to — v.a. To cover; to liide from the sight. See Veil —VaxUy money given to servants: ± to let fall; to lower. * — $ v.n. To yield or recede ; to give place. Vain, vane, a. Having no substance, value, or im¬ portance ; proud of trifling attainments ; conceited • empty ; worthless ; delusive ; ostentatious ; self-con- ceited ; having no efficacy.— In vain, to no purpose : —ad. Vainly ;—s. Vainness. Vainglorious, va7ie~glo'-re-u3, a. Elated beyond due measure; boastful; proceeding from vanityad. Vatngloriously ;~s. Vai7iglo7’ious7iess. VAINGLORY, vane-gl(/-re, s. Ostentatious vanity: empty pride; undue elation of mind. i-*^i ^ ^ represented by little beu-shaped pieces, alternately of two colours. Vair, vore, » a. Of the pattern Vair.—ln. her., Vairt, vare -e,} charged with vair. Vaivode, va'-vode, s. A prince of the Dacian provinces. Vakeel, va-keel , s. In India, a subordinate envoy or ambassador. Valancf,, s. A piece of drapery hanging round the tester and head of a bed, or from the head of window-curtains. — v.a. To decorate with hanging fringes. Vale, t>aZe, 8.^ A tract of low ground between hills; a vant^ ' ^ dingle or dell—Fares, money given to ser- ^firewell^^’ ^ farewell; a bidding Valedictory, vrtl-e-rfiA'-fwr-e, a. Bidding farewell, ' fa/ -en-sts, s. In naut. matters, a trough by ^de^° ^a^er runs from the pump along the ship’s ' ^ sweetheart chosen on \ ^ love-letter or caricature, sent on tili •^7-~Valentme'8-day, a day sacred to St. Valen¬ tine, Febniarv 14th. ,Aplantofthe genus mleriana, of the natural order valertonacea. (!’>■■) A servant who attends on a gentleman’s person. Valetudinarian, val-e^u-de-7ia^-re-an, a. Sicklv seeking to recover health. oitiuy, 5 ’ “firm, or sickly constitution; vvtience, Valetudmay'ianiis'tn. * Valhalla. See Walhalla. VALiANCK,t val'-yans, s. Bravery ; valour. a. Brave; courageous ; heroic : in- trenid in dnntrpr-_«fi ’ * trepid in danger;—ad. Valiantly;-^. ValianfnesL ' ^Having sufficient strengtv or force; lounded m truth ; sound ; efficacious ; executed with the proper formalities;-ad. Validly;-^. Validness. vt? of giving validity to. or force to convince; justness; soundness; legal strength or force. “cMk i,rthTb^“g_boii'“’® sack or &^o?Kaveller clothes, A large wig that shades the Vallation, mi-ia -shun, e. \ rampart or entrenuhaasM, Valley, vai -ie, s.; pi Valleys. A hollow or low^S ol land between hills or mountains : a dale; or dingleJ —In tmWtno, the gutter or internal angle formed bv two mclined sides of a roof. ^ Vallum, vaV-hiyn, s. (Lat.) A rampart, trench, orwall * "fi' ° j"®,''*’.?' species of acorn, produeed in the Morea and the Levant, and used by tanners Valodr, val'-ur, s. Strength of mind in regard to dan¬ ger ; bravery ; courage ; intrepidity. VALonRoDs,»c[i'-M»--«j,a. Bravei courageous: luirepid —ad. Valourotisly. ^ Valuable, val’-yu-ii-bl, a. Having value or worth de¬ serving esteem ; costly ; estimable ;—s. Valuableness Valuation, uai-yM-a'-s/mn, s. The act of setting a price appnzement; estimated worth. , Valuator, val u-a'-tur, s. One who sets a value ; an apprizer. . , on Value, vat'-yu s. That property or those properUes of a thing which render it useful or estimable • worth ■ importance ; efficacy in producing effects; Import ’ precise signification. ^ ’ To estimate the worth of; to rate at a certain esteem; to com- pute ; to esteem ; to respect. ’ T^lued, val'-yude, pp. or a. Estimated at a certain rate. Valueless, val-yu-les, a. Being of no value ; having no worth. ® Valuer, vaV-yu-er, s. One who values ; an apprizer. a. Having or resembling a valve ; ^ folding-door; a lid or cover to an aperture, so formed as to open a communication in one direction and close it in the other_In bot a name given to the pieces into which a pericarp natu¬ rally separates when it bursts. i- su Valved, valvd, a. Having or composed of valves Valv^et, vaW-let 1 s, A little valve. In 6o«., one of \ alvula, val -vu-lA, > the pieces which compose the Valvule, val -vule, J outer covering of a pericarp. Valvular, valv -yu-lar, a. Containing valves, Vambrace, vatn'-brase, s. In plate armour, the niecs which protected the arm below the elbow Vamp, vamp^ s. The upper leather of a shoe. — v.a. To piece an old thing with a new part; to repair Vamped, vampt, pp. Pieced; repaired. ‘ VAMPER,tiamp'-er, s. One who pieces an old thing with something new. ® ^ uam'-ptre, s. In myth., an imaginary demon, fabled to suck the blood of persons during the night. —In zool., a name applied to the great bat of Mada- g^car, and to the bats of other countnes.— Fig, one who lives upon another; a bloodsucker ; wlience Vampirism. Vamplate, vam'-plate, 1 s. A round plate of iron on a ^Imnd^"^* i tilting spear, to protect the I AMPS, vamps, s.pl, A sort of stocking or hose for¬ merly used, which only came up to the ancles. Van, tiOTi, s. The front of an army, or the foremost division of a fleet.—Among farmers, a fan for win- grain.—In mining, the cleansing of ore or tin stuff by means of a shovel. —A large light-covered wagon, for transporting goods, &c.—Van-courier, a light armed soldier sent oefore armies to beat the road upon the approach of an enemy; a precursor._ ran-/oss, in/oW., a ditch on the outside of the counter¬ scarp.—Fan-pwarrf, tlie troops who march in front of an army. — tv.a. To fan. See Fan. Vanadate, va7i'~A-date, Is. A compound of vanadic Yanadiate, va-na -de-(i^e, / acid an«fa base. '^offea^d8- The mineral vanadate Vanadium, va-na'-de-uTn, s. An extremely bilttle metai which rescmoies silver in appearance. ’ van'-drti, 8. The name of one of the most tobarous of the northern nations that invaded Rome applied to any one hostile ta the arts and literature, or who is ignorant and ferocious; whence Fanda/ism. ^ if^ociou? ^andalic, va7i-dal'-ik, a. Pertaining to the Vandals* Vandyke, , s. A small rouna covering for the neck, with indentations and points. “ — v.a. To ornament by forming indentations of nattem ti, ^ placed on a spindle atthe^op of a* b?ow8 ^ P^POse of showing wliich way the winrf VANa [ 851 ] VASCULAR VANa, wng^ a. In naut. matters, a sort of brace to ste^y the i>eah of a gaff. Vanilla, vA~niV-ld, s. A genua of orchidaceous plants^ natiTes of tropical America, the capsule of vanilla aromatica being remarkable for its fragrant odour. Vanish, van'-ish, v.n. To disappear; to pass from a visible to an invisible state. [existence. Vanished, van'-isht, pp. or a. Having no perceptible Vanishing, ppr. or a. Disappearing ; pass¬ ing from the sight.— vanishing line, in perspective, the intersection of the parallel of any original plane and the picture.— Vanishing points the point to which all pars^el lines in the same plane tend in the repre- sentaticsi. Vanishment, van'-ish-ment, s. A vanishing. Vanity, van'-e-te, s. TV^ant of substance to satisfy desire ; inanity; fruitless desiro^; empty pleasure ; vain pursuit; ostentation ; inflation of mind; over¬ weening conceit. Vanning, van'ning, s. In mining, a rocking motion given to a shovel containii^ the ore. Vanquish, vank'-wish, v.a. To subdue in battle, as an enemy ; to conquer; to defeat in any contest; to refute in argument. [quered. Vanquishable, vank'-wish-d-bl, a. That may be con- Van qui shed; vank'-wisht , pp. or a. Overcome in battle; subdued. . ^ Vanquisher, vank'-wish-er, a. A conqueror ; a victor. Vansire, van'-sire, s. A small carnivorous quadruped, inhabiting Madagascar and the Isie of France. Vantage, v'dn'-tage, 8. Superiority ; state in which one has better means of action or defence than another; opportunity.— Vantage-ground, the place or condition which gives one an advantage over another.^ Vapid, vap'-id, a Having lost its life and spirit; dead; spiritless;—ad. VapidlyVapidness. Vapidity, vd-pid'-e-te, s. Want of life or spirit; dead¬ ness ; flatness. ^ ^ , Vaporable, a. Capable of being converted into vapour by the agency of caloric s. Vapour- [Evaporate, To emit vapour. See Act or process of con- Forming into vapour; Yariamento, var-e-~d~men'-to, ad. (Ital.) In music, denoting that the movement is to be played in a free and varied manner, Variance, va'-re-anae, s. Disagreement, discord ; difference that produces dispute or controversy.—In law, a difference between a declaration and a writ.— At Variance, in a state of dissension or of enmity. Variant, va'-re-ant, a. Different; diverse. Variate, va'-r«-a«e,"V.a. To alter; to make different to vaiy. {Bad.) Variation, va-re-a'-shun, s. A partial change m thf form, position, state, or qualities of the same thing ; alteration; difference; change from one to another; deviation.—In astr.,t\i^ variation of the nioou is an inequality of the moon's motion depending on the angular distance of the moon from the sun.—In geog. and nav., the deviation of the magnetic needle from the true north point; called also declination.—Vn music, the different manner of siiiging or playing the same air or tune; change ; vicissitude; variety ; mu¬ tation ; deviation. Yariazeone, var-e-d-tse-o'- as variation. Varicella, var-e-sel'-la, 8. Varicocele, var'-e-ko-sele largement of the veins. Varicose, var'-e-kose.' ability Vaporate, vap'-o-rate, v.n. Vaporation, vap-o-ra'-shun, verting into vapour. Vaporific, vap-o-rif'-ik, a. converting into steam. « x u • Vaporizable, vap'-o-ri-zd-bl, a. Capable of being converted into vapour. vapour. Vaporization, vap-o-ri-za'-shun, s. Artincial forma- Vaporize, vap'-ur-ize,y.&. To convert into vapour by the application of heat. — v.n. To pass off in vapour..^ Vapour, va'-pur, 8. An invisible, elastic flmd, ren¬ dered aeriform by heat, and capable of being con¬ densed, or brought back to the Uquid or solid state, by cold • wind ; flatulence ; vain imagmation ; unreal fanev.—In the pi., Vapours are diseases caused by flatulence or nervous debility, when a variety of strange images float in the brain, or appear as if visible.—Vapour-Bath, the application of vapour to the body In a close place.—In chem., an apparatus for heating bodies by the vapour of water. - V n To pass off in fumes or a moist, floating sub¬ stance ; to be exhaled; to evaporate ; to bully ; to vaunt ; to brag. — v.a. To emit, or scatter in fumes or steam. Vapoured, va'-purd, a. Moist; wet with vapours; BDlenetic; peevish. , . _ Vapourer, va'-pur-er, s. A boaster ; a braggart, [ner, Vapouringly, ad. In a boasting man- Vapour.sh, va'-pur-ish, a. Full of vapours; hypo- a. PuB of yapours or exhala- tions , vain ; unreal; windy ; flatulents. Vapow - Vapoury, tja'-pwr-e, a. Full of vapours ; Vapulation,^ vap-yu-la'-shun, B. Act of beating or B.pl. A family of liaards. the broad-backed Saurians. „ .. Via®,± rare, 8. A wand or staff of justice. _ Varpc 8. (Ft.) Incuierated seaweed ; wrack. vtSf s. A species of lemur found in Madagascar. va-re-A-bi, a. That may vary or alter; mutable; fickle; wavering; susceptible of change. Variable quantity. In math., a quantity ^ (tate of continual Lnerease or decrease ;- ad. Variably, —a. Variableness and Vanaovnys le, B. (Ital.) In music, same In. path., chicken-pox. s. In surg., a varicose en Pretematurally enlarged or Varicous, var'-e-kus, / dilated, as applied to the veins. Varied, va'-rid, pp. or a. Altered ; partially changed. Variegate, va'-re-e-g le, v.a. To divei-sify in external appearance ; to ma-H with different colours. Variegated, va'-re-e-ga-ted, pp. or a. Diversifled in colours or external appearance. ^ . Variegation, 8. Act of diversifying; diversity of colours. Variety, vd-ri'-e-te, s. A succession of different things , difference ; dissimilitude ; diversity ; variation ; de¬ viation ; a medley.—In nat. hist., a difference not per¬ manent or invariable ; subordinate to species; a dif¬ ferent kind. [forms. Variform, va'-re-fawrm, a. Having different sh^es or Variformb-d, va'-re-fawrmd, a. Formed with different shapes. Variola, va'-re-o-ld, s. In path., small-pox. Variolitb, va-ri'-o-lite, 8. A kind of porphyritic rock. Varioloid, va-ri'-o-loyd, s. A particular variety of the small-pox. [tlie small-pox. Variolous, vd-ri'-o-lus, a. Pertaining to or designating Variorum, va-re-o'-rum, s. (Lat.) A term applied to those editions of the Latin classics, which contain the notes of various commentators. Various, va'-re-u$, a. Different; manifold; chimge- able ; uncertain ; unfixed; unlike each other; diver¬ sified;—ad. Variously. Varissb, vd-ris', s. (Fr.) In farr., an imperfection on the inside of the ham in horses. Varius, va'-re-us, s. In anat., the corboid bone. Varix, vd'-riks, 8. (Lat.) An uneven dilatation of a vein. ^ ^ ^ VARLET,var'-Ze<, 8. Anciently, a servant or footman ; a scoundrel; a rascal. VARLETRY,t vor'-lct-re, 8. The rabble ; the crowd. Varnish, vai-'-nish, s. A glossy,resinous Uquid, laid on work by painters and others to give a glossy surface ; an artificial covering to give a fair appearance to anv act or conduct.— Varnish-tree, a large shrub or small tree of Japan, the rhus vernicifrra. — v.a. To cover with a liquid, for giving any thing a glossy surface; to give a fair external appearance: •to gloss ; to palliate. Varnished, v'dV-nisht, pp. or a. Covered with varnish, made glossy. Varnise-er, vdr'-nish-er, s. One whose occupauon is to varnish; one who disguises or paUiates. [nish. Varnishing, vdr'-nish-ing, s. The act of laying on var- Varvels, s.pl. Infalc., silver rings about the legs of a hawk. Varvicitb, vdr'-ve-site, s. An ore of manganese. Vary, va'-re, v.a. To alter in form, appeai*ance, sub¬ stance, or position ; to diversify ; to variegate. — T n. To alter or be altered in any manner ; to suffer a partial change ^ to become different; to alter or change in succession ; to disagree; to be at variance. — ±, 8. Alteration ; change. Vas, vas, 8. In anat., a term applied to arteries, ducts, veins, &c., as vas deferens. Vascular, vas^-ku-lar, a. Pertaining to the vessels of animal or vegetable bodies as arteries, veins, &c. 1^11 11 VASOITLAEIES f 852 ] VELIPEEOUS ■f*f b. fj- A laying waste j [tion. depopula- Immensity; great extent, magnitude, or amount. ijrAscTTLARias^ vM-ku-la'-reze, s.pl. Plants which have stamens, pistils, and spiral vessels. [cular. Vascularity, vas-ku-lar'-e-te, 8 . State Of being vas- Vasculiferjus, a. In fcoiJ., applied to plants which have seed-vessels divided into ceils. Vase, r(7tu2, 8. A vessel for domestic use; an ancient vessel kept as a curiosity.—Inarch., an ornament of sculpture, placed on socles or pedestals.—Among Jflo- rists. the calyx of a plant.—Among goldsmiths, the middle of a church candlestick.—A solid piece of ornamental marble. Vassal, vas'-sal, s. A feudatory ; one who holds land of a superior, and who vows fidelity and homage to him; a dependent-; a bondman; a political slave; whence Vassalage. — v.a. To subject to control: to enslave. VAssALEDjVas'-saW, pp. or a. Subject to absolute power. Vast, vast, a. Being of great extent; very spacious or large; enormous ; huge; very great in force or im¬ portance ad. Vastly. — + 8. An empty waste. Vastation, vas-ta'-shun, Vastiditt,$ vas~tid*-e-te, Vastitude, vds'-te-tewdf Vastness, vdst'-nes, Vasty ,t vc^s^^-e, a. Being of a great extent; very spacious. Vat, ta^,8. A large vessel or cistern for holding liquors in an immature state; a square box or cistern In ivliich hides are laid for steeping in tan; a wine measure.—In metal., a square, hollow place on the back of a calcining furnace, where tin ore is laid to dry. Vatican, tJrt^'-e-A:an, 8. In iiome,a magnificent palace of the pope on the Vatican Hill. Vaticide, valf-e-side, s. The murderer of a prophet. Vaticinal, vii applied to noxious human beings in con- Verminate, ver'-min-ate, v.n. To breed vermin Vermination, yer-min-a’-shun, s. The breeding of vermin; a griping of the bowels. ccumg in BRMiNLT, ver'-viin-le, a. Of the nature of Tennin. VEEMINOUS VESTAL Vb^minous, ter*-min-u8y a. TencUng to breed vermin. Vbrmifaaous, ver-mip'-A-rus, a. Producing worms. VER>iivon.ou8, ver-miv'-o-ru8j a. Peeding on worms. VERNACULAa, ver~7iak'-u-lar, a. Native ; belonging to the country of one’s birth ad. Vernacularly. Vernacularism, ver-naJs^-u-lar~isnit s. A vernacular idiom. [spring of life. Vernal, ver'-nal, a. Belonging to the spring, or to tlie Vernant, ver'-uant, a. nourishing, as in spring. Vernate,$ ver'-nate, v.n. To become young ag^. Vernation, ver-ua'-shun, s. In bot., the disposition of the nascent leaves within the bud. Vernier, ver'-ne-er, 8. A graduated scale which sub¬ divides the smallest divisions on a straight or circular scale. . . , . l^our. Vernilitt t'cr-fitT-fi-ifi, 8. Servility; fawning beha- Veuonica, ve-ron'-e-kA, s. A portrait or representation of the face of our Saviour on haiidkercluefs.—In bot., speedwell. . , . Verrucose, vcr'-rxi-kosc, 1 a. Having little knobs Verrucous, ver'-i'u-kus, > or warts on the sur- Verr ‘5CUL0SE, t>er-?'u'-A:«-Zose, j face; warty. Versability Is. Aptness to be turned Versarleness,± ver'-sA-bl-nes, j round. Ver8able,$ ver-sd-bl, a. That may be turned. Versant, a. Familiar. Versatile, uer'-sd-ttie, a. That maybe turned round; liable to be turned in opinion; changeable; variable; unsteady ad. Versatilely a. Versatileness. Versatility, ver-sd-til'-e-te, s. The Quality of being versatile; aptness to change. _ . Verse, verse, s. In poetry, a line consisting of a certain number of long and short syllables; metrical lan¬ guage ; a short division of any composition; a piece of poetry ; a portion of an anthem to be performed by a single voice to each part,*—Fersc-ftowurmp, doing honour to poetry.— Verse-monger, a petty writer of verses.—Bictu* verse, verse without rhyme.—Heroic verse is a dignified kind of versification devoted to the celebration of heroic deeds^ usually in lambics of ten syllables, or five feet, as in Milton’s “ Paradise Lost.” In Latin and Greek, heroic verse consists of hexameters of six feet, as in the Epics of Homer and Virgil.— Fesceiinme verses, among the ancient Romans, nuptial songs, or satirical pieces in uncouth verse. — v.a. To relate poetically.— To he versed, to be well skilled. . . ,. Versed, verst, pp. or a. Skilled in anytlimg. Verser, ver'-ser, a. A maker of verses; a yeraifier. Versetto, ver-set'-to, ad. (Ital.) The diminutive of verse; a little verse. Versicle,-;- ver'-sik’l, 8. A little verse. Versicolour, ver'-se-kul-lur, 1 a. Having various Versicoloured, ver'-se-kul-lurd, j coloui's; changeable in colour. ^ . Versicular, ver-sik'-u-lar, a. Pertaining to verses; designating distinct divisions of a Versification, ver-se-fe-ka'-shu7i, s. The act, art, or practice of composing poetic verse. VERsiFicATORjt ver'-se-fe-ka-tw, 8. A versifier. Versified, ver'-se-fid^* PP« of the verb to versify. Versifier, ver'-se-fi-er, a. One who m^es verses, or expresses the ideas of another written in prose. Versify, ver'-se-A, v.n. To make verses. [verse. — V a To relate or describe in verse; to tni-n into Version, ver'-shun.s. A turning; a change or trans¬ formation ; act of translating ; that which is rendered from another language. [tain mg 3,500 feet. Verst, verst, s. A Russian measure of length, C9n- Yersus, ver'-sus, pp. (Lat.) A law term, signifying against, as Jones v. Johnson. Versute, a. Crafty; wily. . Vert, vert, a. In the forest laws, everything that grows and bears a green leaf within the forest.—In her., a green colour. . , *4 Vertebra, ver'-te-bi'd, 8.; pi. Vertebra. A Joint Of the spine or backbone of an animal. Vertebral, ver'-te-lrral, a. Pertaining to the Joints Of the spine or backbone ; having a backbone. — 8. An anira^ of the class Vertebrata, which have a backbone. , Vertebrate, ver'-te-brate, a. An animal having a spine with joints.—The Vertebrata or Vertebrates include mammals, birds, reptiles, and fishes. ^ . Veutebrated, ver’-te-bra-ted, s. Having a backbone, or vertebral column, containing the spinal marrow. Vertex, s. (Lat.) The crown or top of toe head; the top of a hill or other thing ; the point of a cone or pyramid.— Vertex ot a curve, the extremity of the axis or diameter, or the point where the diameter meets the curve.—In asiron., the *enith or point of the heavens perpendicularly over the head. Vertical, ver'-te-kal, a. Placed or being in the zenith, or perpendicular to the plane of the horizon.— Vertical circle, in astron., an azimuth circle The prime vertical Is that vertical circle which passes through the east and west points.—Ferlicai plaiie, in conics, a plane passing through the vertex and axis of a cone ;—ad. Vertically i —s. Verticolness. Verticil, ver'-te-sil, s. In bot., a little whorl; a mode of mflorescence, m which the flowers surround the VERTiciLLATE,u€f-^is^-5e-^ vest in, to 'o come or descend to; to be fixed ; to take B- (I'at-) I” "'Vth., the Tlrgin goddess Of the hearth or fire. —In astron., one of the aste¬ roids, discovered in 1807. * chaste. Vestal, ves'-tal, a. Pertaining to the goddess Vesta , — 6. In antig., a virgin consecrated to vesta, ana tt watching the sacred fire. VESTED [ 856 ] VICINAL . --,- JPP* f wTCicu wiuu a long garment; fixed ; not in a state of contingency A peftgd legacy is a bequest which does not depend on contingencies nor become lapsed by death of the tes¬ tator. Vestiary, vetf-te-A-re. s. A wardrobe. Vestibular, vei-iib'u-iary a. Pertaining to or like a vestibule. V ESTiBULE, ve^-te-bule, s. The porch or entrance into a house, or a large covered space before the door; a little antechamber before the entrance of an ordinwy apartment.—In anat. a cavity belonging to the labv- rinth of the ear. ^ ' t ESTiQATE.t See Investigate. Vestige, vesf~tij, s. (Fr.) A track or footstep ; the re¬ mains of something left behind, as the vestiaes of creation. y » w* Vesting, vest’-ing,%. Cloth for vests. \ EsmENT, vest'-7nent, s. A covering or garment: some ^ part of clothing or dress. \'estsy, ve^-tre, s. A room appendant to a church, in which the sacerdotal vestments and sacred utensils are kept; a parochial assembly, for conducting the ^airs of a parish, so called because its meetings were fonnerlv held in the vestry.— Vestry-clerk is an officer chosen by the vestry, who keeps the parish accounts and \iOo\LS.—Vestrymen are a select number of per¬ sons m each parish, elected for the management of Its temporal concerns. ° Vestuary, ve$^-tu-a-re, s. A wardrobe. ^ esture, vest-yur, s. Dress ; garments in general • clothing. * Vksuvian, vejew’-ve-an, a. Pertaining to Vesuvi-us, a volcano of Naples.—In mm., one ot the names of the mineral Jdocrase, so called because found amons the ^ lava of Vesuvius. ® Vetch, vetshy s. A name given to most of the legumi¬ nous plants of the genus vicia. ” 8- The name of a leguminous plant, the lathyrus aphaca. fstraw \ ETCHv, vetsh'-e, s. Consisting of vetches or of pea- \ ETERAN vee-e-ran, &. Long practised or experienced. - 8. One 1^0 has been long exercised in any service or art, particulai-ly in war ; one who has grown old m service. uiu Veterinarian, vet-er-e-na'-re-an, 8. One skilled in the diseases of cattle or domestic animals. \ eterinary, vei'-er-e-nd-re, a. Pertaining to the art of liealing or treating the diseases of domestic a^iimls as oxen, horses, sheep, &e. ^niiuaib. Veto, cc'-to, s.; pi. Vetoes, vt'-tone. (Lat., I forbid.) Ihe power possessed by the executive branch of a legisktive body, to negative abm which has pas.sed uVe“prohiWtTom ^ legislature ; any authorita - T.a. To withhold assent to a bill for a law ' ETTURA vet-too'.rA, s. (Ital.) An ItaUan four- a'Tltt^a'“^'‘*^®'~’^'’“’‘’''’“’’‘^® driver or owner^f Vetust t ve-tKsf, a. (Lat.) Old; ancient. > Kx, veksy v.a. To Irritate ; to torment • to harass • to disqiii^ ; to chagrin ; to persecute. * - v.n To be teased or irritated; to fret. ' ^«ks-a'-shun. s. Act of irritating or of dis- quieting; state of teing irritated or disturbed In brassing ’^easiness ; affliction ; a I'Titating; disturbing or agi- the inind.—Kcj;a RXER, veks -er, % One who vexes or troubles. ' ExiL, veks'-il, 8. _ A flag or standard. ExiL^RY, esAs'-tWd-re, s. A standard-bearer. — a. Pertaining tp an ensign or standard. exillation, veks-il-la'-shuny 8. A company of troons unaer one ensign. ^ Vexing, vekt'-ing, ppr. or a. Provoking; irritating — ad. Vextngly. ° ’ A lb postage directions: as, Vta London, vta Marseilles, &c—In «cr., Via lacteoy is the galaxy of the skies or milky living, as an infaS*-—s! A^CT, vi-A-dukt, 8. A structure for conveying a Wither by raising mounds or a series of arohod supports^ ViAQE, v^-qji, 8. See Votaob. Vial, b. A small bottle of tldn glasp. used by apothecaries and druggists: a phial. Vial, v.a. To put in a vial. Viand, vi'-and, ) a. a Viands, vi'-ande, } ®* dressed ; food. "V iarian, vi-<^-re-an, a. Pertaining to roads, or travel- ung by public ways; as, the vinrum communicaticai of a country by railway or otherwise. ^ roads Happening in the way or on the Viatic, ui-aP-tft a. Pertaining to a journey or to tra- ViATicuM, v*-a^-e-knm, s. [Lat.) Provisions for a journey.—In the Roman Catholic Church, the commu- nion or eucharist given to a dying person V lERATE tn'-Sroie, v.n. To swing; to oscillate; to quiver. — v.a. To brandish ; to move to and fro. Vibratilb,^ vi'-br^-tite, a. Adapted to or used in vibra- tory motion s. + Vibratility. Vibration, tii-W-sAwi, s. The act of brandishing —In mech., & regular reciprocal motion of a body sus¬ pended^ oscillation.— Lnphysics, alternate or recipro¬ cal motion.—In music, the motion of a chord VIBRATIUNCBE, vi-bra'-te-un-kl, s. A small vibration. Vibrative, vi’-br/i-tiv, a. That vibrates. a. Vibrating; consisting in ‘ Vibration or oscillation. ” Viburnum, vi-bur’-num, a. In bot., the laurestine. deputed to perform the functions of another; a substitute in office.—In the canon law, the priest of a parish, the predial tithes of which are impropriated or appropriated.-.dpostoiic vicar, in the Roman Catholic Church, is an officer with power to decide in certain cases without instructions -Iicai-Generai, an officer to oversee the affairs of th^e Church, but whose duties are now united in the Chancellor of the diocese. Vicarage, vik’-cir-aje, s. The benefice of a vicar. Vicarial, t>i-ia -re-al, a. Pertaining to a vicar ; small L'iTvin!;''’ Having delegated power, elJS ct V lUdr. — 8 . A delegated office or power. Vicarious, m-ka'-re-iis,&. Deputed ; delegated ; acting foi another , substituted in the place of another • as* a ficfiriou* sacrifice;—ad. Vicariously. « , Vicarship, vik'^r-ship, s. The ministry of a vicar. ^ blemish, or imper- fection. In ettnes, any voluntary action or course of conduct whichdeyiates from the rules of moral recti¬ tude ; depravity of manners ; a fault or bad trick in a horse; an iron press with a screw, for holding articles fast when filed, &c. ; 4 : a gripe or grasp. ” Vice is siso a Latin word, often used as a prefix in composition to denote inferiority of positio 5 , 0 “ ^ acting in the place of ,- as, Vice-Admiral, an officer next in rank and command to an admiral; also a ffivil officer, for exermaing admiralty Jurisdiction.-Pile- Admit ally, the office or court of a vice-adiiiirai.— Vice- **'® place of another.—Ficc- command to the lord- chamberlam. - r,ce-C7ia«ceHor, an officer to our English universities, who is elected to manage affairs in the absence of the chanceUor.-Fice-CowMi one who acts tn the place of a consul.- F.W-XcgX’ an officer of the pope, who acts in certain Xes where there is no legate or cardinal.-Pice President an officer next in rank to a president, or one who at a general assembly acts subordtoately to tlie president To press or screw up a thing by violence VicED.i vtce’d, a. Vicious ; corrupt. ViCEGERENCT, vice-je'-reti-se, s. The office of a vico- gerent; agency under another. \ ICEGERENT, vice-je'-rent, s. A lieutenant; a vicar • an officer who is deputed by a superior “ ~bysu?fSiom VrcENART, cis'-en-d-re, a. Belonging to twenty VICE-REOAL, cicc-rP-pai^. Pertaintog to a ^Yerov 'ViCERo^mcd-roy 8. The governor of a kingdom or country, who rules as the substitute of his sofercTgn omeelf rvicenf^ Viceroy chip, the dignity* o( ^suppSr^ce."'’’* t>i«-»«p-prcp-,i„g, a. Adapted to ViciATE, vish'-e-ate, v.a. See Vitiate and its cognates orSear’; netobbSod^**® Place or places ad^ninj' Vicinal, + vis’-e-nal, a. Near ; neighbouring. VICINITY t 867 ] VINDICTIVE Vicinity, 8. Ijeamess in places neigli- Ijourhood. , tmaniiers. ViciosiTY, vish-e-os^-e-te^ 8. Depravity; corruption of Vicious, vish'-us, a. Defective ; imperfect; addicted to vice; corrupt in principles or conauct; depraved, not VI • fiTunilv rofrsiPtorV I lin- f enuine or pure ; untainted ; uninily , refractory; un- roken, as a rictoui ad. Vtciouslp ;—s. ytctous- ness. Vicissitude, vi 8 ~siy-se-tewd, s. Regular change or suc¬ cession , variation ; revolution, as in human arfaiiB. VicissiTUDiTiART, vis-sis-e tew'-de-nd-rey a. Changing in succession. . . ^ Ticontiel, vi-kon'-te-el, a. In law^ pertaining to the sheriff.—ncotiitei rents, are certain rents for which the sheriff pays a rent to the king. VicouNT, vi'-Kownt, s. See Viscount. Victim, mi'-iiw, 8 . A living being sacrificed to some deity, or in the performance or a religious me ; a person or thing sacrificed in the pursuit of an object. V 1 CTIMA.TB, v.a. To sacrifice. ^ * Victimize, vik'-te-mize, v.a. To make a victim of; to maketheobjectofextremeinliiction or exaction. {Cot.) i Victor, vikf-tur, 8. (Lat.) One who conquers in war ; a vanquisher ; one who vanquishes another in private combat or contest; one who gains the advantage. V 1 CTORE 8 S, vik'-tur-es, s. A female who vanquish^. Victorious, vik-to'-re-iis, a. Having conquered m battle or contest; conquering ; vanquishing ; that produces conquestad. Victortously Victortoumess. Victory, vik'-tur-e, ?. Conquest; the defeat of an enemy in battle, or of an antagonist in^ contest; the advantage or superiority gained over spiritual enemies. Victress, vik'-tres, s. A lemale who conquers. Victual, vii'-iZ, s. See Victuals. , . ^ — v.a. To supply with provisions for subsistence ; to store with provisions. . Victualed, vit'-tld, pp. or a. Supplied with provisions. VicTUALER, vif-tler, s. One who furnishes provisions, or who keeps a house of entertainment; a proyision- Q^iin.^VicUialing-house, a house where provision is made for strangers to eat. . Victuals, vif-tlz, s.pl. rood to human heings, pre¬ pared for eating; that which supports human life, provisions. ^ VtoLi%'?’rwV°/-ssrad. (iat.) To wit; namely; ViOTliTta. Belonging to the state of a widow. , , ViDoiTY, tiid-i/w'-e-tfi, s. VVidowhood. Vie vi v.n. To strive for superiority , to contend. _V.a' To show or practice in competition; to urge, vIew'^cw v.a. To survey ; to examine with the eye; to look on with attention , to i “ perceive hy the eye ; to survey intellectuaUy , to extent seen sifht! power of seeing, or Umit of sight; inteUectual or mental sis'll i ““.““‘"ft vev• mental examination; prospect of mtcrest, m tontionrpnrpose; design.-Poial 0 /the direc- tion in Which a thing is seen. , Viewed, vewd, pp. of the verb to view ; seen or s^jey^. Viewer, tiew'-cr, s. One who views, surveys, or viewing vew'-ing,a. The act of beholding pr suiwey- V fw™ss a. That cannot be seen ; myisihle. VilwLV t S-is, a. Sightly ; striking to the view vlorsiMfrioN, Vi-ies-e-ma’-shun, s. The act of putting “emotion performed in the customary hours of rest or sleep.-In Church affm s the eve or evening before any feast, a fast observed on the day preceding a holiday ; a wake ; watch ViQiLiNCE vij'-e-lmise, s. Forbearance of sleep; a statrof being awake; watchfulness , circumspection. ViniT a.ncyA iStft Vigilance. v!g!11nt, a. -VValchful; circumspect ;-ad. VtoXT'rviRlTE, -crate, s A body of officers of government, consisting of twenty men. p„ "■gTarerVrhe&iSs> “SXtu'i — Vigour,! v.a. To invigorate. ViQOROso, vio-o-ro'-so, ad. (Ital.) In with en^gy- ViGOROus, vtg'-ur-us, a. TSiU of physical strength or active force; powerful; strong; forcible; activead. Vigorously s. Vigorousness. Vile, vile, a.. Base; mean; worthless; despicable; morally base or impure; depraved; wicked ;—ad. Vilely 8. Vileness. ViLED,± vile'd, a. Abusive ; scurrilous ; defamatory. ViLiFiCiiTioN, vil-e-fe-ka'-snun, s. Act of vilifying or defaming. , ^ , Vilified, vil'-e-fide, pp. Defamed ; traduced. ViLiFiBR, vil'-e-dre, s. One who defames or traduces. Vilify, v.a. To make vile ; to debase ; to de¬ grade ; to defame. Vilipend, $ vil'-e-pend, v.a. To despise. ViLiTY, ± vil'-e-te , s. Vileness ; baseness. ViLL, vil, 8. A village ; a small collection of houses. Villa, viV^ld, 8. A country seat; a suburban rera- dence ViLL.iGE, vil'-laje, s. A small assemblage of houses, less than a to^m or city less LllctU a twvvii WA A. -n Villager, viV-la-jer, 6. An inhabitant of a village. ViLLAQERY, viV-lcL-jei'-e, s. A district of villages. Villain, viV-len, s. X vile, wicked person ; a man ex¬ tremely depraved, and capable or guilty of great crimes.—In/cudaZ law, a. villain or villein is one who holds lands by a base or servile tenure, or in villenage. iT-l ■* ph^iJal Ibto?; sirength of mind ■ intefl, energy. , force Villainous, v^'-len-us, a. Base; wicked; extremely depraved; vile; mischievousad. VtUamouUy Villainoumess. , _ ^ Villainy, s. Extreme depravity; atrocious wickedness; a crime; an action of deep depiavity. Villainage, viV-len-ajey^. The state of a vmain; a base tenure of lands, sometimes written villenagi; baseness; infamy. _ . , ^ j j.. ViLLAiNizB,tvtrZen-iae, v.n. To debase; to degrade. ViLLAiNizER, vU'-len-i-zery s. One who degrades oi ViLLARSiTE, vil'-lar-site, s. A yellowish crystallized mineral found in Piedmont. ViLLATic, vil-laV-ik, a. Pertaining to a village. Villein. S«e Villain. Villenage, vii'-len-aje, s. A tenure of lands and tene¬ ments by base services. Villi, viZ'-Zi, s.pl. (Lat.) In anai., fine small fibres.— In fJoZ., fine hairs on plants. _ Villous, vil'-lus, a. Abounding with fine l^airs or woolly substance; nappy ; shaggy.—In 6oZ., covered with loft hairs. [twigs ; producing twigs. ViMiN al, vim'-e~nal, a. Pertaining to or consistnig of ViMiNEOus, vi-min'-e-us, a. Made of twigs or ViNACEOus, vi-na*-shuSy a. Belonging to wine or grapes, .. (Fr.) A smaU silver box with perforations on ihe top, for iiolding vinegar contained in a sponge, and used Iflce a smell Vincibl^ t>i>i'-se-61, a. Conquerable ; that m?y JX; overcome or reduced to sumisBion B. T tncibkncss and 17inct6tZtZy. ViNCTDRB,! s. A binding. Vinculum, 8. (Bat.) A In math., a straight mai-k placed over s^veml “em- bers of a compound quantity, which are to be sub Belonging to a vintage ViNDEMiATEfria-de'-riiC-ole. v.n. '•'o gather the ^^nt age. ViNDEMiATioN, vin-de-me-a'-shu7l, s. Opeiation oi vF;mcTLl,ffie-;id-«,a. ^at may be vindicated, vL"m?AfE,°.^?T-‘lale!ra" ?o’‘Sd1% Justify, to ^ defend with success ; to prove to be just or valid , t to ViNnTcfTiD?«K?te-<«J pp-. of the verb to rindto/V aSc,isa‘ tions , the act of supporting by ■ Vindicative, vin'-de-ka.tiv, a. Tending ► VmmoTx'S!^'ein'-de-te-lur, 8. One who vtofficates or ■ re. vengeful— ad. Yiniictxvely ! mdK-re several varieties ; but the term is sometimes applied to the long, slender stem of any plant that trails on the ground, or climbs and supports itself by winding round a fixed object. — Vine-clad, clad or covered with vines.— V^ne-dresser, one who dresses, trims, prunes, and cultivates vines. -Vine-Jretter, a small insect that infests vines, an aphis or puceron.— Ktue-firrui, a little insect that in¬ fests vines; the vine-fretter or puceron. ViNED, vine’d. a. Having leaves like those of the vine. Vinegar, vin-«- 5 'ar, s. An acid liquor obtained from ■\vine, cider, beer, &c., by acetous fermentation j any¬ thing really or metaphorically sour. ViNER, w'-ner, s. A trimmer of" vines. Vinery, vi'-ner-e, s. In hort., an erection for supporting vines and exposing them to artificial heat. Vineyard, vuV-yard, s. A plantation of vines pro¬ ducing grapes. ViKNT,* vit'-ne, ] «■ Mouldy ; musty. ViNOLENCT^ vi'-no-len-se, s. Drunkenness. ViNOLENT,t vi'-no-Unt, a. Given to wine. [vinous. ViNosiTY, vi-no^-e-te, s. State or quality of being Vinous, vi'-nus, a. Having the qualities of or pertain¬ ing to wine. Vintage, 8. The produce of the vine for the season ; the time of gathering the crop of grapes ; the wine p«i)duced by the crop of grapes in one season.— Vintage-spring, a wine-fount. Vintager, vm'-ta-Jer, s. One who gathers the vintage Vintner, vmt'-fier, s. One >>'110 deius in wine ; a wine seller. ViNTRY^ vin'-ire, s. A place^where wine is sold. ViNY, ci'-ne, a. Belonging to vines, producing grapes; abounding in vines. Viol, s. A stringed musical insti’ument, of the same form as the violin, but larger.—Among seamen, a large rope sometimes used in weighing anchor. Viola, vi'-o-ld, s. (Ital.) A tenor vioUn. VioLABLE,t>f-G-Zd-6i. a. That may be violated or injured. Violaceous, vi-o-la'-she-us, a. llesembling violets. V 10 LACE.E, vi-o-la'-se~e, s.pl. A natural order of herba¬ ceous flowering plants. Violate, v.a. To break in upon or set aside in a violent manner to injure ; to do violence to; to treat with irreverence ; to compress by force ; to deflower. Violated, vV -o-la-ted, pp. or a. Injured ; ravished. Violation, vi-o-la'-shun, s The act of violating or injuring ; infringement; transgression; act of irre¬ verence ; profanation ; rape. [late. Violative, vi'-o-la-tiv, a. Violating, or tending to vio- VioLATOR, vi'-o-la~tnr, s. One who violates or disturbs ; one who infringes or transgresses; one who profiinea or treats with irrevc^’ence; a ravisher. Violence, vi'-o-le7\se, s. Physical force; strength erf action or motion j vehemence; fierceness; highly ex¬ cited feeling ; crime of any kind; the act of breakir-g in upon; rape.—Te do violence to, to attack; to out¬ rage ; to injure. — + v.a. To assault; to injure. Violent, ui'-o-icni, a. Acting with physical strength, fierce; veheme|;t; characterized by great force 01 violence ; outrageous; produced by or acting by vio¬ lence ;—ad. Vifnently. V 10 LE 8 CENT, vi-o-les^-sent, a. Tending to a violet colour. Violet, vi'-o-let, s. An herbaceous plant .and flower of the ^nus viola, of many species. — s. Dark blue, inclining ‘to red. Violin, vi'-o-lui, s. A musical instrument 'with four strings, played with a bow ; a fiddle. [a violin. Violinist, vi'-o-lm-ist, s. A person skilled in playing on Violist, vi'-o-list, s. A player on the viol. Violoncellist, ve-o-lo7i-B€l'-list, s. One who plays on d V ioloncello. Violoncello, ve-o-lofi-chel'-lo or ve-o-lon-sel'-lo^ s. (Ital.) A stringed instrument of music; a bxss-violin with long large strings, giving sounds an octave lower than the tenor violin. VioLONo, ve-o-lo'-no, s. (Ital.) A large three striugsd instrument of the violin kind. Viper, vi'-per, s. A European serpent, whose bite Is venomousj a person or thing mischievous or inaJig- Viper’s bualoss, a plant of the genus eehium.— viper’s grass, a plant of the genus scorzonera. ViPERiNE, vi'-per-in, a. PertainiDg to a viper or to vipers. Viperous, i?i*-per-iis, a. Having the qualities of a vi¬ per ; malignant; venomous. [of a virago. Viraoinian4 vir-d-jm’-€-a7i, a. Having the qualitic< ViRAGiNiTY, vir-d’jin'-e-te, s. The qualities of a virago. Virago, ve-ra'-go, s. A female who has the robust body and masculine mind of a man.—In coll, language, a ' bold, impudent, turbulent woman ; a termagant. ViRENT, vi'-rent, a. Green ; verdant; fresh. ViRESCENT, ver-es'-sent, a. Slightly green; beginning to be green. ViRGATE, ver'-gaie, a. In bot., having the shape of & — s. A yardland. [rod or wand. ViRGiLiAN, ver-jiV-e-an^ a. Pertaining to Virgil, the Roman poet; resembling the style of Virgil. Virgin, ver'-jm, s. A woman who has had no carnal knowledge of man; a person of either sex who has not been married; the sign Virgo. — Vv'gm's-bower, a plant of the genus clematis. — a. Becoming a vii-gin ; maidenly; modest; pure ; chaste; unadulterated, as Virgin gold; fresh and pure, as Virgin soil. [maidenly. Virginal, vei-'-gin-al, a. Pertaining to a virgin; — 8. A keyed instrument of one string, resembling a spinet, now fallen into disuse. — v.n. To pat; to strike as on a virginal. {Acanttoord.) Virginity, ver-jin'-e-te, s. Maidenhood; the state of having had no carnal knowledge of man. Virgo, ver’-go, s. (Lat.) A 5fgn of the zodiac which the sun enters in August. V iRiDiTY, ve-rid'-e-te, s. Greenness ; verdure. Virile, vi'-ril or vir'-il, a. Pertaining to a man; belong¬ ing to the male sex; masculine. [creation. Virility, vi-ril'-e-te, s. Manhood; tiie^power of pro- ViRMiLioN, vur-mil'-yiin, s. See Vermilion. Virtu, veV-too, s. (Ital.) A love of the fine arts; a taste for curiosities. Virtual, a. Potential; having the power of acting or of invisible efficacy without the material or sensible part; being in essence or effect, not in fact. — Virtual/ocus, in o0ic8, the point from which rays appear to issue.— Virtual velocity, in the velo¬ city which a body in equilibrium >¥Ould actually ac¬ quire during the first instant of its motion in case of the equilibrium being disturbed;—ad. Virtually6. Virtuality. VirtuatejJ vert'-yu-ate, v.a. To make efficacious. Virtue, verf-yu, s. Moral goodness; the practice of moral duties; a particular moral excellence; some¬ thing efficacious; secret agency ; that which consti¬ tutes value and. merit; legal efficacy or power ; authority ; that substance or quality of physical bodies by which they act and produce effects on other bodies ; bravery , vmour.—In virtue, by the efficacy or authority. Virtueless, verif-yu-les, a. Destitute of virtue. Virtuoso, ver-tu'-o-so, s. (Ital.) A man skilled in the fine arts, or in antiquities, curiosities, and the like; whence Virtuosoship. Virtuous, vert'-yu-us, a. Morally good; acting in conformity to the moral la>v; chastead. Virtuously; —s. Virtuousness. Virulence, uir'-w-lenw, Is. That quality of a thing ViRULENCT, vir'-u-len-Qc, j which renders it extremely active in doing injury; acrimony; malignity. Virulent, vir'-u-lent, a. Very poisonous or venomous; bitter in enmity ; malignant; active in doing injury; —ad. Virulently. Virus, vi'-rus, s. (Lat.) Active or contagious matter of an ulcer, pustule, &c.; poison. Vis, vis, s. (Lat.) Porce ; po>ver: as, vis vites, the vital power.—In physics, e.nj natural force or power.—In mech.fVis tnerties is the resistance of matter to change, as respects motion; inertness or inactivity.—Pifi viva, active force.— Vis mortua, ineffective endeavour to move. Visage, viz'-(^e, s. The countenance or look of a per¬ son, or of other animals. VisAGED, viz'-qje'd. a. Having a vizage or countenance. Vis-a-vis, 8. (Pr.) A carriage in wliich two persons sit face to face ; the opposite partner in quadrille dancing. Viscera, vis'-se-rd. s. pi. of Viscua. (Lat.) The bowels;, the contents of the abdomen, thorax, and cranium. Visceral, vis'-se-ral, a. Pertaiiiing to the viscera feeling. Viscerate, vie'-se-rate, v.a. To exenterate ; to'depriue of the entrails or viscera. Viscid, vir'-fid a. Olutinous; tenacious. VISCIDITY [ 869 ] VIVACE !‘te, s. CWutinousnesB , tenacity ; ViaciDiTT, vti-nd' stickiness. ^ _ Viscosity, vis~kos'~e-te, \ s. Glutinousness; tenacity; ViscorsNBss, j viscidity. Viscount, vi'-kotcnt, s. A degree or title of nobmty next in rank above a baron and below an earl; t the sheriff of a county, or vice-comes. , Viscountess, vi-kownt'-es, s. The lady of a vicount; a peeress of the fourth order. VicouNTSHip, vi' -koiont-shipy i 8. The quality and offlce Viscounty, | of a viscount. Viscous, vW-kuSy a. Glutinous ; clammy , adhesive. Viscus, vis^-ku&f 8. i pi. ViscEKA. (Lat.) An eiitrail; one of the contents of the cranium, thorax, or abdo¬ men. , Vise, ug'-aa, s. (Er.) An indorsement made by the police-officers in France, Belgium, &c., on the back of a passport. , , . Vishnu visiW -fxoOy 8. In tnyth.y the name of one of the deities of the Triad or Trinity of the Hindoos; the VisTBiiiiTY, viz-c-biV-6-t€y 8. The state or quality of heine perceivable to the eye ; eonsplcuonsness. VI8IBI.E. wz'-e-dl, a . Perceivable by the eye ; that can be seen'; open to observation; easy to he discerned ^ apparent; obvions ; manifest.—Fistftle Horizon, see HoaizoN ad. Visibly s. Visibleness. Vi^iooTH, viz'-€-QotKy 8. Thc name of tho western Goths who settled in Dacia. Vision , vizh '- un , s. The act of seeing external objects; the faexaty of seeing; sight; anything which is the obiect of sight; an apparition ; a phantom.—In berip- tuU, a revelation from God; something imaginary. Visional, vizh '- un-aly a. Pertaining to a vision. Visionariness, vizh-xiH-&-Te-nes, s. The quality of being visionary. _ , , , Visionary, a. Affected by phantoms, disposed to receive impressions on tlie imagination ; Imaginary; fantastical; having no solid foundation; —8. Visionarmess. [siast. — 8. One who forms impracticable schemes ; an entnu- VisioNLBSs, vizh '- tiii - lcs , a. Destitute of visions. Visit, viz'-it, v.a. To go or come to see; to attend; to salute with a present.—To visit, m the Scriptures, de¬ notes to bestow good or evil; as, to visit in mercy or —^.^^^0 keep up the interchange of civilities and s^utations; to practice going to see others. — 8 The act of going to see another, or of caUing at his house; the act of going to view or inspect. Visitable, viz '- it-&-bly a. Liable or subject to be Visitant, viz'-e-taut, s. One who goes or comes to see another ; a visitor. Visitation, 8. The act of visiting. In law, the act of a superior or superintending officer, who visits a corporation, college, church, or other house, to examine Into the manner in which it is con¬ ducted.—In Scripture, and in a religious sense, the tending of afflictions and distresses on men to punish them for their sins; exhibition of Divine goodness and mercy ; a church festival in honour of the visit of the Virgin Mary to Elizabeth. Visitatorial, viz-e-ta-to'-re-^, a Visited, viz'-et-ed, pp. of the verb to visit. Waited on ; attended ; inspected ; subjected to sufferin^, favoured with relief or mercy. _ . Yisitino, vW-it-ing, ppr. Attending on, as a physician , inspecting officially; showing mercy to. -a. Authorized to visit and mspect. Ition. - 8. The act of going to :see or of attending; VisiTOR viz’-e-ttS-, 8. One who comes or goes to see another, as in civility or_ friendship; a superior or person authorized to visit any institution, for the purpose of seeing tliat the laws and regulations are ySto"i1i, viz ’- e - to - re - al , a. Belonging to a judicial visitor or superintendent. # VisivB, vi'-siv, a. Pertaining to the power of seeing. V^iSNB, veen, s. Neighbourhood. VI 8 N 0 MT,^ riz'-no-tnfi,8. (Fr.) Face ; countenance. Yisob, s. A perforated part of a helniet , a head-piece or mask used to disfigure and disguip. Visonan, viz ’- urd , a. Wearing a visor ; masked ; dis- Yfa^iTeiV-M, 8. (Kal.) A view or prospect through an avenue, as between rows of trees. VisTOMENTE, ad. (Ital.) In music, very Visual, vizA'-tt-aZ, a. Pertaining to sight, serving as the instrument of seeing.— Visual angle, lu (^tics, the angle under which an object is seen.— Visual potnc, in perspective, a point in the horizontal line in which the visual rays unite.— Visual ray, a line of light supposed to come from a point of the object to the eye. Visualize, vizh'-u~al-ize, v.a. To make visual. Vitaceje, vit-a'-se-e, s.pl. A natural order of plants, of which the vitis, or vine, is the type. . YiTA.L,vi'-tal, a. Pertaining to life, either aninial or vegetable ; contributing to or necessary to life ; being that on which life depends ; highly^ tmporta^; essential.—Ftioi air, oxygen gas, which is essential to animal life. . . , , Vitality, vi-taV-e-te, s. The principle of animation or of life ; the act of living. ViTALizA-TioN, vi-tal-e-za'-shuH, 8. The act or process of infusing the vital principle. ^ ^ ... Vitalize, vr-tal-ize, v.a. To give life ; to furnish with the vital principle. ' Vitalized, Vi'-tal-ize'd, pp. or a. Supplied with the Vitally, vi'-tal-le, ad. In such a manner as to give life: essentially. . , Vitals, vi'-tals, s.pl. Parts of animal bodies essential to liffe, such as the viscera. , „ Vitellary,+ vif-el-ld-re, s. The place where the yolk of an egg swims in the white. m.itslzt-a-rt+.o 'a n T'n in 01 an egg SWUUS iil me rvuxte. _ Vitiate, utsV-e-o«c, v.a. To injure the substance or qualities of a thing; to render defective; to con¬ taminate ; to defile. • Vitiated, vish'-e-a-ted, pp. or a. Depraved ;_rendered Vitiation, vish-e-a'-shun, s. The act of vitiating ; con¬ tamination ; depravation. * ^ ViTiLiTiGATE,t v.n. To contend in law Utigiously ;-8. Vitilitigation. ViTiosiTY, vish-c-osT-e-te, s. A corrupted state , depra- ViTious, vish'-us, a. See Vicious and its derivatives. YiTis, vi'-tis, 8. (Lat.) The vine, of the natural order 'V^itacece VITREO-ELECTRIC, vU-rc-o-e-lek'-trik, &. exhibiting positive electricity, or that which is ex- to or consisting of glass ; resembling glass ; as the vitreous hiimouv. Vo'REOusNESs, vit'-re-us-nes, s. The quality or state of Yit^rescencb, ve-tres'-sense, b. Glassiness, or the quality of being capable of conversion into glass. - . Yitrescent, ve-tres'-sent, a. Capable of bein„ formed ViTRE^iBLE, ve-tres'-se-bl, a. That can be vitrified. ViTRirACTioN, vit-re-fac'-shun, s. Operation of con- n. Capabie of being eon- V^n^\l^,Tt’-re-/de,vv- or a. Converted into glass. ViTHiroRM, vit'-re-fawrm, a. Having the form or re YiTnSvTvii'-'rc-AY.a. To convert into glass by fusion. — V n. To become glass. , VITUIOL, Vit’-re-ol, s A name given to cemm comb^ nations of sulphur and oxygen, , or w th the metals; thus, sulphuric acid is called oil oj vit- riol ; copperas or green sulphate of iron is green vitrwl; a red sulphate of iron is red oytriol, or vitriol of Mars ; sulphate of copper, “ white sulphate of zinc, white vitriol , a sulphate ol v.a. TO convert into a Yi^rmt'r'i^re-o-ia'-e;.,.,., s.. Act or process of converting into a sulphate or a Vitriol. ^ VI^RIoIlc7v»^re-o^'-a Pertaining to. or having the nualities of vitriol.— Vitriolic acid is sulphuric amd. V^RIOLIZABLE, vit-re-o-U'-zd-bl, Capable of being converted into vitriol or a sulphate. ViTRioLiZE, vit'-re-o-hze, v.a. See ^ itriotate. V ™i.™e a- Belonging to a call, or to veal Vi?cpxaAiLE,t ve-tu’-per-a-bl, a. Blameworthy, cen- vS’^SaxTB, ve-Ui-per-ate, v.a. To blame ; to censure. ViTurxRATiON ve-tn-per-^-shun, s. Blame ; censure. vlTvlllilZ:ve-tu'lper-a-tiv,l Uttering or wi-iting Yile; disgraceful. Vivace, (ItAl.) In Wisk and lively —Vivacissimo, extremely lively. -- - ■- ' VIVACIOUS [ 860 ] VOLEET 1 TACWU 8 , re-c^Z-sAwa, a. Having great liveliness and activity; having vigorous powers of life ; sprightly ; animated ; light-hearted ad. Vivaciously s. Viva¬ ciousness. Vivacity, 8. Liveliness; sprightliness of temper or behaviour; life ; animation ; spirits. VivARY, vi'-vA-re, s. A place for keeping living ani¬ mals. Vive, veev. (Ft.) Long live; success to; as, vive la bagatelle, success to trifles. VivEjt rit'e, a. Lively; forciblead. Vively. ViVENCY,|: vi’-ven-se, s. Manner of supporting life or vegetation. VivERRiNJB, vi-ver-ri'-ne, s.pl. A sub-family of the gennels, or musk weasels, of which the Vwerra, or "Weasel, is the type. 7 ives, vives, s. A disease of brute animals, particularly of horses, seated in the glands under the ear. ViviANiTE, viv'-e-an-ite, s. A crystallized mineral, the phosphate of iron. Vivid, viv'-td, a. Exhibiting the appearance of life or freshness; forming brilliant im^es, or painting in lively coloui’s ; elear ; lucid ; bright; ,glowing ;—ad. Vividly ;—8. Vividness and Vividity. Viviric, I a. Giving life ; reviving ; en- ViviFiCAL, vi-vif-e-kal j livening. VivipicATE, vi-vif-e-kate, v.a. To give life to ; to ani¬ mate. In chem., to give to natural bodies new lustre. See Revive. ViviricATioN, viv-e-fc-ka'-shtin, s. Act of giving life; revival. [give life. VivincATivE, vW-e-fe-ka-tiVf a. Able to animate or Vivified, viv'-e-fide, pp. of the verb to vivify. Vivify, viv'-e-fi, v.a. To endue with life ; to animate. Viviparous, vi-vip'-(t-rus, a. Producing young in a living state; opposed to oviparous. —In hot., producing its offspring alive. Vivisection, viv-e-sek'-shun, s. The dissection of an animal while alive, for the purpose of making some physiological discovery. Vivo, ve'-vo. ad. (Ital.J "With life and animation. Vixen, vifc*-en, 8, A froward, turbulent, qua»reisome woman. VixENLT, viks'-en-le, a. Having the qualities of a vixen. Viz, viz. A contraction of videlicet ; to wit; that is; VIZARD, viz'-ard, s. A mask. Visor. [namely. — v.a. To mask. Vizier, 8. (Ar.) A councillor of state or title of honour.—The Tirana mziVr is the chief minister of the 'furkish Empire; whence Vizierate, the olltlce of vizier. Vocable, vo'-kA-bl, 8. A word ; a term; a name. Vocabulary, vo-A-a6'-M-far-e, 8. A list or collection of the words of a languagCj arranged in alphabetical order and explained ; a dictionary or lexicon ;—whence Vocabulist, a compiler of vocabularies; a lexicogra¬ pher or linguist. Vocal, vo'-kal, a. Having a voice; made to speak; uttered or modulated by the \oiCQ.—Vocal music, music made by the voice, or composed to be sung, in distinction from instruynental music ;—ad. Vocally. Vocalist, 8. A public singer, distinguished for his vocal powers. [by the voice. VocALiTY, vo-kaV-e-te, s. Quality of being mterable Vocalize, t?o'-fcai-»ze, v.a. To form into voice to make vocal. Vocation, vo-ka'-shun, s. Emplovraent; calling; occu¬ pation ; trade ; designation or destination to a parti¬ cular state or profession.—Among divines, a calling by the will of God ; summons; caU ; inducement. Vocative, a. Relating to calling ; denoting that case of the noun in which a person is addressed. — 8. In gram., the fifth case or state of nouns in the Latin language ; or the case, in any language, when applied to the person addressed. ocE, vo' tche, 8. (Ital.) The voice, a term of frequent use in musical phraseology; as^ voce di petto, the natu¬ ral voice ; voce solo, a solo voice ; voce di testa, a fal¬ setto or feigned voice. VocirERATE, vo-st/'-er-ai<, v.n. To cry out) with vehe¬ mence i to exclaim, bawl, or clamour. — v.a. To utter with a loud voice. Vociferation, vo-sif-er-a'-shun, s. A Violent outcry; vehement utterance of the voice; exclamation; clamour; bawling. Vociferous, oo-si/'-er-us, a. Making a loud outcry; clamorous, turbulent or noisy;—ad. Vociferously;-^ S. Vor^fm'ovfntiss VoouE, voag, s. The way or fashion of people at any particular time; temporary mode, custom or practice. Voice, voyse, s. ^ouna uttered by the mouth through the agency of air expelled from the lungs ; any sound made by the breath; language; words ; expression. —In Scripture, command , precept.—In gram., a par* ticular mode of inflecting or conjugating verbs. — v.a. To fit for producing the proper sounds; to regu¬ late the tone of; tto rumour.—In organ music, to voice a pipe is to bring it to its intended tone and power. —$ v.n. To clamour; to exclaim. Voiced, voyst, pp. Fitted to produce the proper tones. — a. Furnished with a voice. Voiceless, voys'-les, a. Having no voice. Voicing, voys’-ing, s. Act of giving to an organ-pipe its proper quality of tone. Void, uoyd, a. Not occupied with any visible matter; empty; vacant; without inhabitants or furniture ; having no legal or binding force; null; unsubstan¬ tial ; vain.— Void space, in physics, a vacuum. — To make void, to render useless or of no effect. — s. An empty space ; a vacuum. — v.a. To quit; to leave; to render of no validity or effect; to make or leave vacant.* — v.n. To be emitted or evacuated. Voidable, voyd'-A-bl, a. That may be annulled or made ^void; that may be evacuated. VoiDANCE, voyd'-anse, s. Act of emptying; ejecting from a benefice; evasion. Voided, pp. Thrust out; evacuated. — a. In her., an epithet for any ordinary which seems cut in the middle, and only the outside strips Voider, voyd'-er, s. A basket in which broken meat is carried from the table ; one who evacuates ; one who nullifies.—In her., one of the ordinaries, whose figure is much like that of the flnnch or flask.—In agric., the provincial name of a kind of shallow basket of open work. Voiding, voyd^-ing, ppr. Ejecting ; evacuating. — a. Receiving what is ejected. [tion. "VoiDNEss, voyd'-nes, s. Emptiness; vacuity; destitu- VoiTURE.-v vwaw'-tnre, 8. (Fr.) A carriage. VoLA, vo'4a, s. fital.) In music, a rapid flight of notes. Volacious, vo-la-shus, a. Apt or fit to fly. VoLALKALi, vol-al'-ka-le, s. Volatile alkali. Volant, ro'-iaw^, a. (Fr.) Flying, passing through the air; nimble ; active.—In her., represented as flying. VoLATA, vo-lA'-tA, 8. In music, a rapid flight of notes. Volatile, voV-A-tile, a. Passing through the air on wings; having the power to fly; easily passing into the aeriform state; fugacious ; lively ; gay : full of spirit; fickle; apt to change.—cTArt/t, an old name for ammonia.— salt, carbonate of am¬ monia. — -t s. A winged animal. Volatileness, 8 . Capability of evapo- VoLATiLiTT, vol-A-til-e-te, ' j ration; great spright¬ liness ; mutability of mind; lightness; levity ; giddi¬ ness. [tilized. VoLATiLiiABLE, vol-A-tU-H'-t^-bl,^. That may be voJa- Volatilization, vol-A-til-li-za'-snun, s. The act or pro¬ cess of rendering volatile. Volatilize, vol'-A-til-ize, v.a. To render volatile; to cause to exhale or evaporate. [a volcano. Volcanic, vol-kan'-ik, a. Pertaining to or produced oy Voloanicitt, vol-kA-nis'-e-te, s. State of being volcanic, volcanic power. Volcanist, vol'-kA-nist, s. One versed in the history and phenomena of volcanoes; one who believes in the effects of eruptions of fire in the formation of mountains. Volcanity , vol-kan'-e-ie, s. The state of being volcanic or of volcanic origin. Volcanization, vol-kan-e-za’-shun, 8. The process of undergoing volcanic heat. VoLCANizE, tJo/-A:rtn-tze, v.a. To subject to, or cause to undergo, volcanic heat. Volcano, voUka'-no, s. (Ital.) In geol., an opening in the surface of the earth or in a mountain, from which smoke, flames, stones, lava, or other substances are ejected, the mountain that ejects fire, smoke, &c., a burning mountain. [tricks. Vole, vole, s. (Fr.) A deal at cards that draws all the Voles, vo~la' s. (Fr.) A rapid flight of notes in music. VoLBRY, tJo 8. A flight of birdie; a large bird¬ cage in which the birds have room to fly. VOLITATION [ 861 ] VOUCHER VaLiTAnoN, VO -le-M^shun, 8. Act of flying; flight. Volition, vo~lish’'unf s. Act of willing, or of determin¬ ing choice ; power of willing or determining. VoLiTiYE, vol'-e-tivCy a. Having th"e power to will. Volley , voV-Uy s.; pi. Volleys. The discharge of many small arms at ence; a burst or emifision of many things at once. — v.a. To discharge with a volley. — v.n. To throw out or discharge at once. Volleyed, uoZ'-iid, a. Discharged with a sudden burst. Volt, voalt, s. In the manege, a round or circn^r tread; a gait of two treads, made by a horse going sideways round a centre.—In fencing, a sudden move¬ ment or leap to avoid a thrust. ^ Volta, voV-t&. (Ital.) m music signifles that the part is to be repeated. Voltaic, vol-ta^-ik, a. Pertaining to Volta, the dis¬ coverer of voltaism.— Voltaic apporoitts, apparatus for accumulating voltaic or galvanic electricity.— Voltaic pile, a pile or column composed of metallic plates, as of zinc and silver.— Voltaic voltaic apparatus of considerable size.^Voltaic electriHty, the kind of electricity which is evolved by voltaic apparatus. ^ Voltaism, voV -ta-izm, s. That branch of electrical science which has its source in the chemical action between metals and different liquids; more properly called galvanism, which see. ^ Voltameter, vol-tam'-e~ter, s. An instrument for mea¬ suring the voltaic electricity passing through it Voltaplast, voV -ta-plast , s. A galvanic battery adapted for electrotyping. ^^75^5’ VoLTATYPE, voV-td-tipe, 's. Another name for electro- Volti, vol'-te, 8. (Ttal.) In music, turn ovmr; olti sw6i?o, turn over quickly. , ^ Voltiqeur, s. (Pr.) A light horseman or Voltzite, volt'-zite, s. A mineral whose pnncipai con¬ stituents are sulphuret of zinc and its oxides. \olvsiijLte, vo-lu'-be-late. (a. In gard., pertaining to Volubile, vol'-U'bl, f stems that climb by winding round another body. - . Volubility, vol-u-biV-e-te , s. The capacity of being rolled; aptness to roll; the act of rolling; fluency of Voluble, Doi'-u-W, a. Formed so as to roll with ease, apt to roU, having quick motion ; nimble ; active; having fluency of speechad. Volubly. {vohita. \oLVLiTz,vol'-u-lite,8. A petrified shell of the genp Volume, vol'-yum, s. A roll or turn ; as much as is ixi- clude(i in a roll or coil; dimensions ; compass ; space occupied; a swelling or spherical body; a book; a covered or bound c^lection of sheets of printed or written paper.—In music, the compass of a voice. VoLUMED, voi'a. Having tlic form of a volume or roll, as a volumed mist. . Voluminous, vo-lu'~men-us, a. Consisting or convolutions; consisting of many , books; copious; diffusive; — ad. Volummously,—s. yoluminousness ; whence, t FoZunazsl, an author, or one who writes a volume. . , , . Voluntary, vol'-un~tA-re, a. Acting by ^oice, without being influenced or impelled by another; not heing under restraint; proceeding froin choice or free wiU ; spontaneous ; subject to the will, as the voluntary Snsoles or those muscles which are thrown into Sn In obedfence to the ance in law, is the transfer of property without any adequate consideration;—ad. Voluntarily;—^. Volun- _ 8."one who.engages in any affair^of hkow^free fancy L expem- com- will; a volunteer.—In music, a^ piece played es porarily, according to the musician s fancy, a VoLOKTEEi” S. military or other service of his own free-will. — a Voluntai'ily entering into service. _ v.a. To offer or bestow volnntanly. — V n To enter into any service of one 8 free-will, without soUcitation or compulsion. VoLUPTCiRY, m-lupt'-yu-i-re, a. A mM addicted to luxury, or the gratification of sensual pleasures , an VolvT'fvovlfi5r, ppr. or a. Having an IrregDlar motion, backward and forward. Wackb, j f s. A rock nwrly allied to basalt Wacky, ) j See Graywacke. Wad, wod, 8. A little mass of some soft or flexible material.—In gunnery, a substance made of hay or tow rolled in a ball, and rammed into the gun to keep down the powder.— Wad-hook, a strong iron screw to di'aw out the wads or cartridges remaining in the guns. ) wod i min., an earthy oxide of manga- Waud, ) ’ ( nese. Wadded, wod'-ded, a. Formed into a wad or mass. Wadding, wod'-ding, s. A wad, or the materials for wads ; a kind of soft stuff of loose texture, used for stuffing garments. Waddle, wod'-dl, y.n. To walk with a waddling mo- tion ; to vacillate. Waddler, wod'-dler, s. One who waddles. Waddling, wod'-dling, ppr. or a. Moving from side to side in walldng ;—ad. Waddingly. Wade, wade, v.n. To walk through any substance that yields to the feet; to move or pass with difficulty or labourppr. or a. Wading. — v.a. To pass by walking on the bottom. Wader, wa'-der, s. One who wades.— Waders are an order of birds that wade in water for their prey. Wadsett, wod'-set, s. In Scottish law, a kind of pledge or mortgage as a satisfaction for debt or obligation- whence Wadsetter, one who holds such a pledge. Wady, wod'-e, s. The channel of a water-course, which 18 dry except in the rainy season. {Local.) Wafer, wa'-fer, s. A thin small c^e, especially that given at the eucharist in the Roman Catholic Chui-ch, made of flour and water; it is sometimes coloured, and used in sealing letters. — v.a. To seal or close with a wafer. Waffle, wof'-fi^. A cake baked on coals in an iron msxTximQnl.—Waffle-iron, a utensil for baking waflles. Waft, w'dft, v.a. To bear tmoughja fluid or buoyant me • dium; to convey through water or air; to convey, aa ships. — v.n. To pass in a buoyant medium; to float. — s. A floating body ; also, a signal displayed from a ship’s stern. WAFTAGEji: w'df-tage, 8. Conveyance or transporta- tion through a buoyant medium, as air or water. Wafted, w'dp'-ed, pp, of the verb to waft. Wafter, wdf'-ter, s. He or that which wafts: a passage-boat. Wafting, wdft'-ing, 8. A bearing or floating in a fluid. WArTURE,t w'dft*-yur, s. The act of waving,. Wag, woff, v.a. To move one way and the other with quick turns ; to move a little way, and then tura the other way ; as, to wag the head. — v.n. To be quick in ludicrous motion; to stir; to pack off; to be moved one way and the other. — 8. A droll; a man full of low sport and humour; a ludicrous fellow. Wage, waje, v.a. To lay; to bet; to throw down, as a pledge ; to stake; to put at hazard on the event of a contest; to venture; to make ; to begin; to carry on, as to wage war. [laurus marinns. Waged, wa'-jel, s. The great black-backed gull, or ■VS^QER, wa'-Jer, s. Something deposited, laid, or hazarded on the event of a contest or some unsettled question; a bet; subject on which oets are laid.—In law, an offer to make oath of innocence or non¬ indebtedness. — Wager of battle, an ancient law by which disputes were to be settled by personal contest but which is now abolished. — v.n. To offer a wager. Wagerfr, wa'-^er-er, s. One who wagers or lays a bet. Wages, wa'-jes, s. Hire; reward; stipend; recom¬ pense ; that which is paid or stipulated for services, chiefly of a mechanical or military character. Wa-ogery, waa'-er-e, s. Mischievous merriment; sar¬ casm in good humour. Waggish, wn&-ish, a. Mischievous in sport, wantonly mciTyorfrolicsome ;—ad. Waggishly ;—s. Waggishne8^. Waggle, wag'-gl, v.n. To waddle; to reel or move from side to side. — v.a. To move one way and the other. Waggon,] tcaa'-aun.i^’ ^ heavy vehicle drawn by Wagon, | 7 9^*^ horses on four wheels, and used for the transportation of heavy commodities. — v.a. To transport In a waggon. WAGGON Waggon, T.n. To practice tlie transportation of goods in a waggon. ^ waggon. Waggonaoe, toag'-gun-aje, s. Money paid for carriage Waggoner, xcag^-gun-er.s. One wtio conducts a wag¬ gon ; a constellation, Charles’s Wain. Waggoning, wag'-gun-ing, 8. The business of trans¬ porting in a waggon. Wagtail, wag'-tale, 8. A small bird, belonging to the genus motacilla, and named from the incessant motion of its long tail. Wahabee, toA-hd'-be, s. A follower of Abdel Wahab, a reformer of Mohammedanism, about 1760, whose doc¬ trines prevail in most parts of Arabia. 'WAiD,t toadey a. Crushed. Waif, wafe, s. Goods found, of which the owner is not known . anything found without an owner.—In laWy stolen goods waived or scattered by a thief in his flight. Wail, wale, v.a. To lament; to bewail. — v.n. To weep to express sorrow audibly. — 8 Loud weeping ; violent lamentation. Wailful, wale'-fuly a. Sorrowful; mournful. Wailing, wale'-ing, s. Cries of sorrow; deep lamenta¬ tion ad. Wailingly. Wailment, wale!-7iienty s. Lamentation. Wain , ti?ane, s. A waggon; a carriage for the trans¬ portation of goods on wheels; a constellation, Charles’s Wain.—Wain-Bote, timber for waggons or carts—ira»n-ifoMs«, a bouse or shed for wag¬ gons and carts.—ITatn-iiope, a rope for binding a n; a cart-rope. carriages. wooden lining load on a waggon ; a cart-rope. tVAiNAGE, wane'-aje, s. A finding of cam iVainscot, wanes'-kut, s. In biiuding, a \ WainagE; Wainscot, - or boarding of walls, made in panels. — v.a. To line with hoards; to line with different materials. „ , , Wair,± ware, s. In carp., a piece of plank. Waist, wayste, s. That part of the human body which is immediately below tlie ribs or thorax ; that pm’t of a ship which is between the quarter-deck and fore¬ castle.—TTatsifeand, the band, or upper part of trowsers, which encompasses the waist. — Waistccotns, coverings of canvas or tarpauling for the hammocks, stowed on the gangways, between tbe quarter-deoi and forecastle. , . ^ AVaibtcoat, wayst'-kote, s. A short coat or garment for men, covering the waist; a vest. [a ship. "Waister, wayst'-er, s. A man stationed in the waist oi Wait, wate, v.n. To stay or rest in expectation; to remain , to continue by reason of hinderance; to he in ambush; to attend, as a servant.—To wait at, to perform service at.— To wait for, to watch, as an — v.a. To await; to stay for, or remain staUonary in expectation of the arrival of; to attend; to accompany with submission. . . . — 8. Ambush.—To lie in wait, to he in ambush. Waiter wate'-er,%. One who waits; an attendant; a servant in attendance ; salver; a vessel on which tea- fumiture, &c., is carried. „ . . Waiting, wau'-ing, ppr. or a. Staying in expectation. — Waiting-maid, or Jf^aiting-woman, an upper servant who attends on a lady. — ad. Waitingly. —s. Act of staying ; attendance. ■Waits, wates, s. pi. Itinerant musicians, who give notice of the approach of Clu'lstmas by their noctur- nal performances in the public streets. Waive, wave, 8. A woman put out of the protection of — v.a. To put off.—In law, to relinquish ; not to insist upon, as a privilege. . . . . ^Waiver, 8. In laWyHiQ act of waiving or not insisting on some right. Waiwode, wa'-wode. See Waywode. Wake wake, v.n. To be awake ; to cease to sleep , to awake . to be alive or active; to be excited from a torpid state. * — v.n. To rouse from sleep. a — 8 The annual commemoration of the dedication oi a church, vigUs; state of forbearing ^ep; the sit- ting up of persons with a dead body. — Wake of a sfitp, the track it leaves in the water, formed by the rneet- ing of the water behind. imaculatum. Wake-robin , wake'-rob-in, s. A European plant, arttw Wakeful, wake'-ful, a. Not sleeping ; indisposed to sleep; watchful;—ad. Wakefully ;— s. Wakefulness. Waken, wake'n, v.n. To wake ; to cease to sleep. v.a. To rouse from sleep; to excite to action or motion. . , Waxeker, xcake-ner, §. One who rouses from sleep. Waker, wa'-ker, 8. from sleep. Waking, wa^-king, ppr. or a. Eeing awake ; not excit¬ ing into motion or action.— Waking hours, Xla&'h.ouit when one is awake. — 8. The period of being awake. [boyna. WALAN,t4!a'-^on, 8. The name of a large tred in Am- Walpenses, wdl-4en'-ses, s.pl. A sect of Presbyterian Christians, wllb reside in the valleys of Piedmont. Wale, wale, s. A ridge or streak in cloth, rising above the rest; the mark of a rod or whip on animal flesh — Wales of a ship, an assemblage of strong planks, ex¬ tending along a ship’s sides. — v.a. To mark with stripes. Waled, wale'd, pp. or a. Marked with stripes. Walballa, wdl-nal'-la,%. In Scand. myth.,X\ie palace ol immortality, inhabited by the souls of heroes slain in battle; also the name of an architectural monument near llatisbon, consecrated to the distinguished worthies of Germany. Walk, wawk, v.n. To move or step slowly along, to move off; to depart; to pursue a paiticular course of life. — v.a. To cause to walk or step slowly; to lead, drive, or ride with a slow pace, as to walk a horse. — 8. The act of walking or of moving on the feet with a Blow pace ; manner of walking ; gait; step ; car¬ riage ; an avenue set with trees; way ; road ; range, place of wandering ; course of life or pui’suit; the slowest pace of a horse, ox, or other quadruped.—A sheep-walk, high and dry land where sheep pasture.— Walk-mill, a fulling mill. Walkable,+ waiok'-A-bl, a. Pit to be walked on. AValker, ',wawk'-er, s. One who Walks ; a fuller; a forester ; one who deports himself in a particular manner. Walking, wawk'-ing, s. Act of moving on the feet with a slow pace.— Walking-staff or Walkvig-stick,^\ staff or stick earned in the hand for supprjt or amusement in walking. Wall, wawl, s. A work or structure of stone, brick, or other material intended for secrecy or defence; in the plural, fortifications in general.— To take the wall, to take the upper or most honourable place. Wall, as a prefix, has a vai-ioty of compounds ; as, Wall-creeper, a small bird of the genus certhia, which frequents rocks and walls.— Wall-cress, a plant of the genus arabis ; also of the genus txirritis.—Wall-eye, in horses, an eye in which the iris is of a very light gray or whitish colour; ^\ 2 MQ.omd..—Wall-flower, a plant of the genus wliicli grows on old walls,&c.— Wall-fruit, fruit which, to be ripened, must be planted against a Wall-knot, among seamen, a knot formed at the end of a rope by untwisting the strands and interweaviiig them.— Wall-louse, an insect or small bug.—ITa^i-moss, a species of moss growing on yfoM^.— Wall-pellitory, a plant, parietaria officinalis, S owing on old Wall-pennywort, a plant o.f e genus cotyledon. — Wall-pepper, a plant of tha genus sedum.—Wall-pie, a species of aspleniutn.— Wall-plate, a piece of timber placed horiEontally upon a wall, on which joists, &c., rest.-^W^aZ/-r«e^ an herb, asplenlwn ruta-muraria. — Wall-sided, having sides nearly perpendicular.— Wall-spring, a spring of water issuing from stratified roclis.— Wall-wort, a plant; the dwarf-elder, or danc-wort. — v.a. To inclose with or defend by a wall. Walled, lyawf'd, pp. or a. Inclosed or fortified with s wall. Waller, waivV-er, fl. One who builds walls in the country. [day. Wallbrite, wawl'-er-ite, s. A mineral, or variety of Wallet, wol'-let, a. A bag for carrying the neccessaries for a journey or march; a knapsack ; any thing pro¬ tuberant and sivagging. [for walls. Walling, waivl'-mg, a. Walls in general; materials Wallop, u?of'-fop, v.n. To boil with a continued bub- bUiig or heaving and rolling of the liquor, with noise to move in a rolling cumbersome mannerppr. or a Walloping. ^ , Wallow, woV-lo, v.n. To roll one’s body on the earth, in mire, or on other substance ; to move heavily and clumsily ; to live in filth or gross vice. — v.a. To roll one’s body. — 8. A kind of rolling walk. Wallower, wol'-lo-er, s. One who rolls in nili^, ft I wheel that turns tlie trundle^hcad in a miil. I Wallowish,$ a. Filthy. WALNUT [ 86i ] WAEE Walwut^ waioi'-nutf B. A tree and ita tniit, of the ^ genus jugians. Walrus, waioV-rus, B. The morse or sea-horse; a large ampnibious and carnivorous mammal of the Ai'ctic seas ; also called the morse, sea-elephant, sea¬ horse, and waltron. Waltz, xoawUz, s. A German national dance, originally used in Swabia, ana now very fashionable in England; also the triple-time music by which it is accompanied. — v.n. To din.'vs a waltz. Vt’A.LT\sx, ujawltf-zer ^ s. A person who waltzes. W VLT 2 INQ, wawW-zing, s. The act of dancing a waltz. wom'-hl, v.n. To be disturbed with nausea.— Wamble-cropped. sick at the stomach. ( Vulgar.) Wampeb, watom'^pe, s. A tree of the genus ChoAta,and its fruit. Wampum, wawm'-pum^ s. Small beads made of different coloured shells, used by the North American In'dians as money, and also wrought into belts, c&c., as an oniament. Wan, waivn, a. Pale ; pallid ; having a sickly hue. Wand^ wawnd, s. A small stick ; a rod; a staff of au¬ thority ; a rod .used by conjurers and harlequins. W’ander, v.n. To ramble; to leave home; to depart; to roam ; to migrate ; to depart from the line of discussion.—In a jnoral sense, to depart &om duty or rectitude ; to be delirious. — v.a. To travel over without a certain coui’se. Wanderer, tvawn'-der-er, s. A rambler; one who roves or deviates from duty ; a vagrant; an itinerant. Wandering, watcn'-der-ing, ppr. or a. Roving; de¬ viating from duty ad. Wandermgly. — 8. Peregrination ; aben’ation ; deviation from recti¬ tude ; roving of the mind; uncertainty. Wandeuoo, wau’n'-der-oo, 8. A baboon of Ceylon and Malabar. Wandy, u;aMJn'-rf«, a. Lon^ and flexible, like a wand. Wane, w^anc, v.ii. To be diminished; to decrease; to —$ v.a To cause to decrease. idecUne. — 8. Decrease of the Uluminated part of the moon; decline; diminution. WANG,-t wang, 8. The jaw or cheek-bone.-—Fangr- tooth, a jaw tooth. ■Wanghee, ioawng'-he, 8. A kind of tough, flexible cane, imported from China. Wanuopb4; tcawn’-hopz, s. AYant of hope. {Jeria. AVanhorn, xoawn'-horn, s. A plantof the genus kaemp- AYankle, a. Weak; unstable; changeable. Wanly, ad. In a pale manner. AYanned, xoaxvnd, a. Made wan or pale. AYanness, wawn'-nes, s. Paleness; a sallow, dead, pale colour. AYant, s. Destitution; need; necessity; pov¬ erty ; penury ; indigence. — v.a. To be destitute; to be deficient in; not to have , to faU short; to need; to have occasion for ; to wish for, to desire. [short. — v.n. To be deficient; to foil; to be lacking; to fall AVantaqe,-!- xvaton'-taje, s. Deficiency; that which is wanting. Wanted, %oawnt'-ed, pp. of the verb to want. Needed. AYANTING, wawnt'-ing, ppr. Needing ; desiring. — a. Absent; deficient. Wantless, %cawnt'-les, a. Having no want; abundant. '^nton, waivn'-tun,3i. Wandering or roving in gaiety ^ror sport, playing in the wind ; unchaste; lascivious ; loose , unrestrained ; luxuriant; extravagant;—ad. Wantonly. — s. A lewd person ; a lascivious man or woman ; a trifler; an insignificant flutterer; a word of Blight endearment. '“•vm. To rove and ramble without restraint; to revel; to play loosely ; to play lasciviously. '-X a. To make wanlon. 'Vantonize,$ wawn' tun-ize, v.n. To behave wantomy. W antonness, M?aM>n'-Zw«-ne«, 8. Reckless sport; licen¬ tiousness •. negligence of restraint; lasciviousness ; levity ; frulic ; aportiveness. [a simpleton. R ANTwiTjt xvant'-wit, s. One destitute of wit or sense; (S antt, wawn'-te, s. A broad strap of leather, for binding a load on the back of a beast. (Local.), A> APAcuT, wap'-d-kut, 8. The spotted o-wl of Hudson’s Bay. icape'd, a. Dejected; cast down. Wapentake, wap'-en-take, a. A division or district, ^*'^Gring to the hundred in other counties; thus vorwhire is divided into wapentakes instead of AYas-inschaw, wawi/^inshaw, 8. An exhibition of arm» made at certain seasons. (Scot.) [stag Wapiti, wap'-e-te, s. The name of the North American AVapp, wap, 8. In a ship, the rope with wL..ch tho shrouds are set taught in wall-knots. AVappe, wap'-pe, s. A species of cur or watchdog. Wapper, wap'-per, s- A name given to the smaller species of the river-gudgeon. War, wawr, s. A contest between nations or states, caiTied on by force ; the profession of arms; art of war ; hostility; enmity : disposition to contention.— Man-of-war, in naval affairs, a national armed ship of large size.— War-beaten, worn down in wax.—War- bereaved, bereaved by wax.—War-council, a council of wax.—War-field, field of battle. — Far-Aors^, a trooper’s horse; a charger.— F^ar-tnswrance,insurance on vessels in time of wax.—War-office, an oflace in which the military affairs of a country are managed. — Warplume, a plume worn in wax.—War-torch, the torch that kindles war.— War-wasted, wasted by war — Warworn, worn with military service. — v.n. To make war ; to invade or attack a nation or state with force of arms; to cariw on hostilities; to strive violently , to be in a state or opposition. — v.a. To carry on a contest. AYarblb, wawr'-bl, v.a. To quaver the voice ; to modu¬ late with turns or variations ; to be modulated. — v.n. To be quavered or modulated ; to sing. — s. A quavering modulation of the voice, as in birds ; a song. AVarbled, wawr'~bld, pp. of the verb to warble. Warbler, wawr'-bler, s. A songster.—TFarSZers is the common name of a ^oup of singing birds. AVarbles, wawr'-bls, s.pl. In farr., small, hard tumours on the backs of horses'; also, small tumours on the bodies of cattle, caused by parasitic larvae. [ing. Warbling, tcawjr'-Wmp, pp. Quavering the voice ; sing- — a. FiUed with musical notes, as a grovead. Warblingly. — 8. The act of shaking or modulating notes, singing Ward, wawrd, v.a. To fend off; to repel; to turn aside anything mischievous that approaches; $ to guard, or keep in safety. [guard. — v.n. To act on the defensive with a weapon; ± to keep — 8. Guard made by a weapon in fencing ; a fortress ; a stronghold; one whose business is to guard, watch, and defend ; a certain district, division, or quarter of a town or city ; confinement under guard ; a minor or person under the care of a guardian; the state of a child under a guardian; guardianship; right over orphans ; the division of a hospital; the part of a lock which corresponds to its proper portion of the key , X act of guarding; watch troops to defend a fort.— Ward-penny, money paid for watch and ward.— Wardmote, a court or assembly held in each vrard of a city or town, especially in London.—Trurrf-roow, in a ship, a room over the gun-room, where the lieu¬ tenants and other principal officers sleep and mess.— Ward-staff, a constable’s or watchman’s staff. Wardage, 8. In our oZd Zates, a certain tax paid for watch and ward. AvARDCoRN^teaMJrrf-ArtMJrn, s. In feudal times, the duty of watching and warding a castle, or blowing a horn on occasions of surprise. Warded, wawrd'-ed, pp. of the verb to ward. Guarded. — Warded off, fended off; repelled; turned aside from injuring. AVarden, 8. A keeper; a guardian.—F'anZen of the Ctnqxte Ports, an officer who has the jurisdic¬ tion of the Cinque Ports.—Warden of a college is the master or president.—IFhrdensZiip or Wardenry, the office or jurisdiction of a warden. Warder, uJrtwr' der,s. Akeeper; a guard; t a truncheon by which an officer of aims forbade fight.—irardcrs of the Tower of London are officers, who attend stale prisoners. AA’^ardrobe, icaM?rrf'-ro&e, 8. A room where clothes are kept ; a portable closet for hangingup clothes ; wear¬ ing apparel in general. Wardship, ward'-shxp, s. Guardianship ; care and protection of a ward ; pupilage ; state or being und.'^r a guardian. Wardwit, wawrd'-wit, s. A quittance of payment for the keeping of wards. [u’orc. WA-RE^ware, old pret. of the verb to wear, now writtea — a. Provided against; wary; cautious; the old wonl —X v.n. To take heed of. [for aware — v.a. In seaxnanship. See Wear. WAEES t 865 ] Tt 8( f pi* VT A.K£S*^~tJiOOuB j vOEmuuUltlcB) uicx' chandise ; sometinies used In compounds, as earthen- ioare, »*‘ 0 »i-ujar«, &c.— Sea-toare^ a marine plant, a spe¬ cies of /UCM5. WABEFnL.ia. ‘Wary; watchful; cautious;— s. Warefulness. WARraoDSE, u>are'-Aou«, 8. A store-house for goods. Warehouse, tvar^-howz, T.a. To deposit or secure in a warehouse. Warehoused, ware’-howi'd, pp. of the ^erb to warehoiise. Wahehourinq, ware-hoioz'-uiQi s. The act of placing soods in a warehouse, or in a custom-house store.— Warehousing system, an arrangement for lodging im¬ ported articles in the custom-house stores, without payment of duties, until they are taken out for home consumption. Wareless, ware’-les^^. Unwary; incautious; suffered unawares. Warelv ,X ware'-le, ad. Cautiously. See Warilt. Warfare, u?a'trar»n-/i«ar/«d, affectionate, cordial, or sincere. — v.a. To communicate a moderate degree of heat to; to interest; to engage. ^v.n. To become moderately heated; to become ardent or animated. [rately heated. Warmed, wawrmd, pp. of the verb to w?ar?n. Mode- Warmer, wawrm'-er, s. A vessel to heat beer, &c. Warmino, wawrm'-ing, ppr. or a. Making moderatelv hot — Warming-pan, a covered pan with a long handle for wanning a hQ^.—Jf^arming-stone, a stone dug in Cornwall, which retains heat a great while. Warmly, wawrm'-le, ad. W^ith gentle heat; earnestly; ardently. Warmness, 1 8. Gentle heat; a state of Warmth, traM'rwii/i, I lively and excited interest; zeal; ardour; earnestness; excitement; some degree of anger • fancifuluess ; enthusiasm.—In painting, that glowing effect which arises from the use of warm colours. . . ^ j W^ARN, wawrn, v.a. To give notice of probable danger or evil , to caution; to admonish of any duty; to notify by authority ; to sunimou. ^ ^ Warned, waivrnd, pp. of the verb to team. Cautioned against danger ; notified. ^Warner, teawrn'-er, s. An admonisher. _ Warning, wawrn'-ing, s. Caution against danger; admonition; previous notice. Warp wawrp,s. In weaving, the threads which extended lengthwise in the loom, and crossed by the weft from the shuttle.—In a ship, a rope employed in drawing, towing, or removing a ship or boat; a towing line.—In agric.,9. sUmy substance deposited on land by marine tides, by which a rich alluvial soil is formed.—In cows, a prematui'e casting of the young. —^v.n. 'I'o turn, twist, or be twisted out of a straight direction , to deviate ; to sink; to cast the young pre¬ maturely, as in cows. {Local.) V a To tiuTi or twist out of shape; to turn aside from the true direction ; to pervert.—In naut. lan¬ guage, to tow or move with a line or waro.—In rural %xm., fo oast the young prematurely Iii ^^*‘*^‘* to let in the tide for the purpose of fertiliziJ^ the ground.—In rope-making, to run the yam off the winches into hauls to be tarred. Warped, %carpi, pp, of the verb to warp. Warping, wawr^-ing, ppr. or a. Turning or twlfitlngv— Warping-hook, a hook used by rope-makers for hang¬ ing the yarn on, when warping into hauls for tarring, — Warping-post, a strong post used In warping rope- yarn. ■Warproof, wawr'-proof, 8. Valour tried by war. Warrant, wdr'-rant, v.a. To authorize , to maintain ; to support by authority or proof; to ju-^tify ; to privi¬ lege.—in law, to secure to a grantee an estate granted: to assure ; to secure to a purchaser the good quality or the goods sold. See Warranty. — 8. An act, instrument, or obligation, by which one person authorizes another to do something which he has not otherwise a right to do; authority , power that justifies any act; a voucher; right , a vn iting which authorizes a person to receive money or other thing.—In mil. matters, a uTit of authority infei ior to a commission.— Warrant of attorney, a written authority given by a client to his attorney to appear for him.— Warrant-offi.cer, in the navy, an officer next below a commissioned officer, acting under a warrant from the navy department, as a midshipman, master, boatswain, &c. Warrantable, war'-rant-d-bl, a. Authorized by com¬ mission, precept, or right; justifiable;—ad. Warrant- ably ; —s. Warrantableness. [fied. Warranted, wdr'-ran-ted, pp. or a. Authorized ; justi- Warrantbe, wdy''-ran-tee, s. The person to whom land or other thing is warranted. Warranter, wdr'-ran-ter, s. One who gives authority, or legally empowers; one who contracts to secui'e another in a right. . . Warranting, war'-rant-ing, ppr. or a. Authorizing, empowering. Warrantise,! wdr'-ran-tis, s. Authority , security. Warrantor, wdr-rant-ur', s. One who warrants. Warranty, wdr'-ran-te, 8. In law, a promise or deed, to secure the bargainee and his heirs, in the enjoy¬ ment of an estate or other thing granted , authority ; justificatory mandate or precept; security. — v.a. To warrant; to guaranty. WARRAYjj wdr'-ra, v.a. To make war upon. WARREji wawr, a. Worse. Warren 8. A piece of ground appropriated to the breeding and preservation of rabbits.—In law, a franchise or place privileged for keeping hares, rabbits, partridges, or pheasants ; a place for keeping fish in a river. W’’arrenbr, wdr'-ren-er, B. The keeper of a warren. Warrior, wawr'-re-ur, s. A man engaged in military life; a brave man ; a good soldier. War-scot, wawr'-shot, 8. Anciently, a contribution made towards the supply of armour and the material of war. W^ARRioRESs, toawr'-e-ur-es, 8. A female warrior. Wart, wawrt, 8. A firm, hard extuberance, found chiefly on the hands.—In horses, spongy excrescences on the hinder pasterns; a sessile gland or protube¬ rance on trees.— Warted,iTL having little knobs on the surface; verrucose.—a plant hav¬ ing a warty surface, of the genus euphorbia. Warth, wawrth, s. A customary payment in the mid¬ dle ages for castle guard. Wartless, wnwrt'-les, a. Having no warts. [warts. Warty, wawrt'-e, a. Full of warts; of the nature of Wary, wa'-re, a. Avoiding danger; timorously pru¬ dent ; cautious; circumspect. Was, wos. The first and third person singular of the past tense of the verb to be; plural, were. Wase, wase, 8. A wreath of straw or cloth upon the head to relieve the pressure of burdens. Wash, teos*, v.a. To cleanse by ablution or b^ rubbing in water , to wet; to overflow; to scrub in water ; to separate extraneous matter from; to cleanse by a cur- rent of water; to overlay with a thin coat of metal; to purify from the pollution of sin.-Iu water-colour painting, to spread or float colours thinly over broad masses or spaces of a picture. — v.n. To perform the act of ablution. — s Alluvial matter, substances collected and de¬ posited by water; a bog ; a marsh , a fen; a cosmetic; a lotion a superficial stain or colour; waste liquor of a kitchen for hogs ; act of washing the clothes of a family ; the fermented wort from which the spirit is extracted; the shallow part of a river, or arm of the sea; the blade of an oar—the thin part which enters urn water, and by whose impulse the boat u S ill WASHED [ 860 ] WATES moved ; a colour spread or floated thinly oyer broad masses or spaces of a picture; a substance laid on boards or other work, for beauty or preservation ; a thin coat of m&tsxX.^Wash-ball, a baU of soap, to be used in washing the hands or i 2 Lce.—Wash-hoard, o, broad, thin plank, fixed occasionally on the top or a boat or other small yessei’s side, to prevent the sea from breaking over; a board in a room next to the floor.— Wash-leather, a preparation of leather that will bear ^ be washed.— 'Wash-pot, a vessel in which anything is washed.— Wash-statul, a small table or frame on which a vessel is placed to be used in washing the nands or face.— Wash-tub, a tub in which clothes are washed. —+a. Weaki^ashy. Washbid, tcosht, pp. or a. Cleansed in water; purified; overflowed : covered over with a thin coat. Washer, tvash'-er, s. One who washes ; an iron ring between the nave of a wheel and the linch-pin; a piece of iron, leather, &c., at the base of a screw or nut, to prevent the surfaces from being injured.— Wash€7‘-iooman, a woman who washes clothes for others or for hire ; a laundress. Washing, s. Act of cleansing with water; ablution ; a wash ; or the clothes washed.— machine, a machine used in washing clothes, &c. Washv, uJoiV-e, a. Watery; damp; soft; weak. WASP,too«p, 8. A well-known hymenopterous insect of the genus vespa, whose sting is very painful.—TTasp- bite, the bite of a wasp—Irasp-^t/, a species of fly resembling a wa.sp, but stingless. Waspish, wosp’-ish, a. Q,ui(i to resent any trifling affront; having a very slender waist, like a wasp; snappish; petulant; irascible; —ad. Waspishly;—s. Wnspishness. Wassail, wos'-sil, s. A liquor made of apples, sugar, and ale, formerly much in use; a drunken bout ; a merry song.— Wassail-bowl, or cup, a vessel containing wassail for the use of the company. — v.n. To hold a merry, drinking meeting. WAssAiLBa,tcoj'-«tl-6r, 8. A toper ; a drunkard. Wa8t, wost, past tense and second pers. sing, of the verb to be. Waste, wayst, v.a. To diminish by gradual dissipation or loss; to squander, dissipate,or lavish; to cause to be lost through wantonness or negligence; to destroy in enmity ; to impair strength gradually; to wear out; to spend; to consume.—In law, to damage, im- g iir, or injure, as an estate, by suffering the buildings, nces, &c., to go to decay ; to exhaust. — v.n. To lose bulk or substance gradually; to be diminished or lost by slow dissipation, consumption, ©r ev^oration. — a. Destroyed; ruined ; desolate; uncultivated, as lands laid waste ; superfluous ; worthless; valueless, as waste paper; untilled.—iaid waste, desolated ; mined. - a. The act of squandering; dissipation of property through wantonness, ambition, extravagance, luxury tone^gence; useless expense ; prodigality, or dissi¬ pation ; a desolate or uncultivated country ; land un¬ tilled; region ruined and deserted ; mischief; destruc¬ tion.—In law, spoil, destruction, or injury done to houses, woods, &c., to the prejudice of the heir.— Waste-hook, among merchants, a book in which rough entries of transactions are made, previous to their being carried into the journal.—ITasie-yaie, a gate to let the water of a pond pass off when it is not wanted.—Waste-pipe, a pipe for conveying off waste water, Sec.—Waste-weir, an overfall or weir for the superfluous water of a canal. Wasted, waysf-ed, pp. of the verb to waste. Expended without necessity or use. Wasteful, waysf-ful, a. Expending that which is valuable, without necessity or use ; lavish ; profuse ; prodigal; + desolate ; unoccupied; untilled ; tinculti- vated ;—ad. WastefuUy; —s. Wastefulness. Wastel, wo^-tel, B. A particular sort of bread : fine bread WA.8TENESS, waysf-nes, s. A desolate state ; solitude. Waster, wayst'-er, g. One who squanders property or consumes extravagantly ; a kind of cudgeh Wastethrift, waysf-tfirift, g. A spendthrift. Wasting, ppr. Lavishing prodigally ; laying waste. Diminishing by dissipation or by great destruc¬ tion. A state of waste or common. >nytbtog cast away as bad. (Local.) Watch, wotch, %. Forbearance of sleep; attentlcn close observation; guard; a watchman or watchmen set for a guard; the place where a guard is kept, post or office of a watchman; a certain period of the night in which one person or one set of persons stand as sentinels ; a small time-piece or chronometer, to be carried in the pocket or about the person.—To be on the watch, to be looking steadily for some event. — Watch-box, a sentry-box.—a house-dog ; a dog kept to guard the premises.—a concavo-convex glass for covering the dial-plate of a watch:—in ships, a half-hour gl^js, for measuring the time of a watch on deck.— Wnt^ guard, a rihb(?n or chain worn round the neck, and attached to a watch. — Watch-house, a house in which a watch or guard is placed.— Watch-light, a candle with a rush wick.— Watch-maker, one whose occupation is to make and repair watches. (See Watchmaking.)—^ aic/i-iower, a tower on which a sentinel is place, to watch for enemies or the approach of danger.—'Watch-word, the word given to sentinels, and to such as have occasion to visit the guards, used as a signal by which a friend is known from an enemy. — v.n. To be awake; to be attentive; to look with expectation; to keep guard ; to act ^as sentinel. —To watch over, to be cautiously observant of. — v.a. To guard; to have in keeping ; to observe iu ambush; to lie in wait for ; to tend; to guard. Watched, wotcht, pp. of the verb to watch. Watcher, s. One who sits up or continues awake; -j- a diligent observer. Watchet,^ woteJv-et, a. Pale or light blue. Watchful, wotch'ful, a. Careful to observe ; guarding with caution ; v^ilant; attentive , wakeful;—ad. Watchfully; —8. Watchfulnesa'-ver-tnj/-ne«,s. Act or state ot being Waveson^ wav^-sun, s. A name given to goods which after shipwreck appear floating on the sea. Waving, wave'-ing, ppr. or a. Moving as a wave; playing to and fro. Wavure, wave'-j/wr s. The act of waving or putting off. Wavy, wa'-ve, a. 'Rising or swelling In waves ; full of waves ; plaving to any fro ; undulating. WAWLjt wawl, v.n. To cry ; to howl. Wax, waks. s. A thick, viscid, tenacious substanece, excreted oy bees, and employed In the construction of their cells ; a substance excreted in the ear; a sub¬ stance secreted by certain plants, fcrming a ailvepf powder on the leaves and unit; a substance used in sealing letters, called sealing wax ; a thick substance used by shoemakers for rubbing their thread.— IVax- bill, a bird of the genus Loxia. — Wax-candle, a candle made of wax. — Wax-chandier, a maker of wax-candles. — >Ko*-cn To increase in size , to grow ; to become larger ; to become. Wa-xen, wakPn, a. Made of wax; resembling wax. Wa.xino. wak$’-ing.^. In chem., the preparation ot any matter to render it fit for melting i the process oi stopping out colours in calico-printing. Waxy, waks’-e, a. Soft like wax; resembling wax; Tiscid ; adhesive. , Way, tea, s. A passage ; the place of passing; hence, a road of any kind ; a highway ; a lane ; a street; any place for the passing of men, cattle, or other animals , course ; route ; passage ; room for passing ; manner oi doins anythin)?; method; scheme of management; uie’-nel parifcular turn of opinion ; method or plan of Ufe and eomiiiet: amona setiriten, progress.— ff t^ys, the tim- W _ ^9^ conduct; among seomcn, progress.— yl ays i which a ship is launched.—To make way,w .. _ vacancy.—To bers on - - . give room tor passing, or to make ...—- give way, to recede; to make ropm, or to yielm' To make one's way, to advance In life by efforts. Jiy- the-way, en passant, as we proceed.— To go one's wayj or to come one's way, to go or come along.— In the way, a phrase noting obstruction.— To be under toap, m sea¬ men's langxiage, to be in motion.— Milky Way, m usiron., the galaxy.— IVays and means, in legislatton, means for raising money.— Way-baggage, the baggage or luggage of a way-passenger on a rail-road, &c.— Waybill, a list of the passengers in a stage-coach, &c.— Way-bread, the herb plantain, planiago major.— Way- maker, one who makes a way; a precursor.— Way- mark, a mark to guide in iravemn^.—Way-thistle, a perennial weed.— Way-wiser, an instrument for measuring the distance which one has traveled on the road ; called, also, pedometer. Wayfaker, wa'-far-er, s. A traveller; a passenger. Wayf-arino, wa’-far-ing, a. Travelling; being on a journey.— Wayfaring-iree, a shinb allied to the lau- restine and the snow-ball. . W.yy LAV, wa-la\ v.a.; pret. and pp. waylaid. To watch insidiously in the way with a view to seize, rob, or slay ; to beset in ambush. Waylaver, wa-la'-er, s. One who waits for another in ambush with hostile intentions. Watless, wa'-les, a. Having no road or path; path¬ less ; trackless. WATMEN'Cyt wa'-ment.Y.TX. To lament. "Wayward, wa'-wnra, a. Froward; peevish; per- Y'erse ;—ad. Woywardly', —s. Waywardness. K'\ \sone., wa’-wode s. In Turkey and Poland, the Waiwode, | governor of a Turkish pro¬ vince or city ; a name originally given to military commanders in various Sclavonic countries, and afterward to governors of towns or provinces;—s. Waywodeship. Wayworn, wa'-worn, a. "Wearied by travelling. We, pron.; the first person pi. of I. A word denoting the person speaking, and another or others with him ; used to express men in general; everybody. Weak, week, a. Having little physical strength; feeble ; infirm ; not healthy; enervated; debilitated; notable; feeble of mind, wanting spirit; not politi¬ cally powerful; not having moral force or power to convince); not well supported by argument: unforti¬ fied; accessible. — We^-eyed, having weak eyes.— Weak-headed, having a weak intellect.—IFeaft- hearted, having little coura-ge.—Weak-sighted, having weak sight.— )^eafc-«piri^ed, having low spirits, make weak. — ± v.n To become weak. "Weaken, wee'kn, v.a. To lessen or deprive of strength ; to debilitate. Weakened, weekend, pp. ora. Debilitated. Weakeneu, week'-ncr, s. He or that which weakens. Weakling, M-eeit'-Zinp, s. A feeble creature. [firm. ’W’"e.akly, week'-le, a. Not strong of constitution; in- — ad. With little physical strength ; with feebleness of mind or intellect. . , Weakness, wtek'-nes, s. Want of physical strength; want of spriglitliness; unhealthiness ; want of moral force ; want of judgment; feebleness of mind; foolish¬ ness. Weal, weel, 8. A sound state of a person or thing j a state; not declining prosperity; happiness; republic: the mark of a stripe. Weald, wrWd, Is. A wood or forest; a vaney, or Wold, woaid^ j tract of country, Wealden, weeV-den, a. rertainiiig to the weald# cA Kent and Sussex; a terra applied to certain strata of the upper part of the oolitic series. Weal8maNj+ weeW-man, s. A name given sneermgly to a politician. ^ . Wealth, welth, s. Prosperity; large possessions of money, goods, or land; riches; attluence.—IFeof/A- omno,"yielding wealth. ^^ealthy, welth'-e, a. Hich; having large possessions, opulent; affluent;—ad. Wealthily ;—s. Wealthiness. Wean , ween, v.a. To accustom and reconcile, as a child or other young animal, to a want or deprivation of the breast; to detach or alienate; to reconcile to tl 9 want or loss of anything. . Weaned, weend, pp. or a. Accustomed or reconciled X\ the want of the breast or other object of desire. ■ 8. Achildorotheranimalnewly ., w'eaued. Weapon, wep'n, s. Any instrument of offence or defence, or for combating enemies. Weaponed, wep'nd, a. Armed; furnished with wea pons or arms; equipped. [pon. Weaponless, a. Unarmed; having no wea Wear, ware, v.a.; pret. wore ; pp. worn. To waste or impair by attrition; to lessen or diminish hj time, _ I .V. ..... ... . * f\ <\epnr*t VvTT use, or ihstrumeiits; to affect by degrees.—To wear away, to consume or diminish.— To wear off , to diminish by attrition.— To wear out, to render, useless by attri¬ tion or decay ; to harass.—In nav.^ to wear, is to put the ship on the other tack by turning her round, stem toward the wind. — v.n. To be wasted ; to be diminished by attrition; to be consumed by slow degrees.—To wear off, to pass away by degrees. _s. The act of wearing ; diminution by mction; the thing worn; a dam in a riyQv.—Wear and tear, the loss by wearing, as of machinery in use. See Weir. Wearable, wa'-rd-bl, a. That can be worn. "Weard, weerd, s. A warden, used in the composition of names signifying watchfulness or care. Wearer, w-’a'-rer, s. One who wears or carries as an appendant to the body ; that which wastes or dimin- Wearied, we'-rid, pp. or a. Tired ; fatigued. Wearily, we'-re-te, ad. In a tired or weaij manner. Weariness, we'-re-nes, s. The state of being weary or tired ; fatigue ; lassitude. [consuming. Wearing, wa'-ring, ppr. Diminishing by friction, — a. Denoting what is worn. — s. Clothes ; garments. Wearish,$ toe'-rtsA, a. Boggy; watery; weak; washy. Wearisome, wef-re-sum, a. Causing weariness ; tire¬ some; tedious;—ad. Wearisomely ;—s. Wearisomeness. Weary, wef-re, a. Having the strength much ex¬ hausted by toil or violent exertion; having the patience exhausted, or the mind yielding to dis¬ couragement; causing weariness; tired; fatigued. — v.a. To reduce or exhaust the physical strength ; to harass by anything irksome.—To weary out, to subdue or exhaust by fatigue; to tire; to fatigue. Weasand, 1 xc^.zand,^. The wind-pipe or trachea. Wesand, ) * Weasel, we'-zl. 8. A small quadruped of the genus tnMsfeio, whicli feeds on small birds or mice.— faced, having a thin sharp face like a weasel. Weather, weth'-er, s. The state of the air or atmosphere with respect to heat, cold, wetness, dryness, cloudiness, or any other meteorological phenomena; change ol the state of the air.—Stress of weather, violent winds; force of tempests. Weather is used in composition with various nau tical words, signifying toward the wind, or wind ward; as, weather-hon, weather-hrav.es, weather- gaga. weather-iifts, weather-(\\x\\YteT, WJeatAer shrouds, ipeatAer-side, weather-s\iora, &c.—It is also of fre¬ quent use a*' a prefix in composition; Weather-beaten, beaten or harassed by the weather.—ff'eat/ier-6tt, a turn of the cable about the end of tlie windlass, without the knight-heads.— Weather-board, that side of a ship which is toward the wind ; the windward side ; a boa-'d forming a close junction between the shingUng of a roof and the side of the building \ianaat\i.-~Weather-boarding, the act of nailing up boards lapping one over anothar.—Weather-boards, pieces of plank placed in tlw ports of a ship when laid up m ordinary.—lFmf/it;r-6ound, delayed by had. \Yaal)\aT.—Weather-cloths, long pieces of canvas or tarpuulmg used to preserve the naromocUs froia. WEATHERED [ 809 ] WEIGHINH by the weather when stowed, or to defend persons from the wind and spray.— Weather-cock^ a vane or weather-vane; any thin? or person that turns eas^ and frequently; a fickle, Inconstant '^QYSQU.—Weather-driven, driven by winds or storms. -‘Weather-fend, to ^\iQ\XQr.— Wenther-glasSy an In- stmincnt tc indicate the state of the atmosphere; a barometer.—applied to a ship when she is inclined to come too near the ^md.— Jreather- moat, beinp furthest to the windward.—JKcaiAer-proo/, proof against rough weather.— Weather-roily the roll of a shin to the windward.—TTcoZher-sjoj/,a star-gazer. — Weather-tide, the tide which sets against the lee side of a ship, impelling her to the windward.— Weather-wise, skiUiul in foreseeing the changes or state of the weather. •• v.a. To expose to the air.—In naut. language, to sail to the windward of something else ; to bear up against, as to weather the storm; to weather a pomt, to gain or accomplish it against opposition. Weatherkd. weth'-erdy pp. Passed to the windward, or with dilficulty. — a. Applied to rocks which are said to be weathered when the surface is altered in colour, texture,or com¬ position, or their edges are rounded off by exposure to the elements. SVeatherino, weth'-er-ingy s. The action of the elements in altering the surface of rocks. Weave, weev, v.a. ; pret. wove; pp. woven. To unite threads of any kind in such a manner as to form cloth , to unite any thing flexible ; to unite by inter¬ mixture or close connection ; to interpose; to insert. — v.n. To practise weaving; to work with a loom. Weaver, wef-vevy s. One whose occupation is to weave; the common name of the passerine birds of the genus plocexis, natives of Africa and the East Indies.— Weaver-fish, a fish of the perch family. Weaving, we'-ving, s. The act or art of forming cloth in a loom, by the union or intertexture of threads. Weazen, u»e'-zn, a. Thin; sharp. Web, weh. s. Texture of threads; plexus; any thing woven ; the hemp given to a weaver; a dusky film that forms over the eye and hinders the sight; suffu¬ sion ; some part of a sword.—In anat., applied to certain parts resembling a web.—In ship-ouilding the thin partition on the inside of the rim and be¬ tween the spokes of an iron sheave.—In ornith., the membrane wliiih unites the toes of many water- fowls.—'ire6-/o-i2!erf, having webbed feet, palmiped. Webbed, iceM, a. Having the toes united by a mem¬ brane or web Webbing, s. A strong fabric of hemp, two or three inches wide, made for supporting the seats of stuffed chairs, sofas, &c. Websterite, 8. A mineral which occurs in renifer masses ; the sub-sulphate of alumina. Wed, wed, v.n. To marry ; to contract matrimony. — v.a. To marry ; to join in marriage ; to unite closely in affection ; to attach flnnly ; to espouse. Wedded, w^d-ded, pp. or a. Married ; closely attached. Wedding, s. Marriage; nuptial ceremony; wedding festivities.—The word admits of various compounds; as, Weddmg-cakey Wedding-card, Wed¬ ding-chamber, Wedding-clothes, Wedding-day, Wed¬ ding-favour, Wedding-feast, Wedding-ring, of which are self-explanatory. Wedge, %o^, s. A tapered piece of metal or wood, used in splitting woods, rocks, &c., the wedge being one of the mechanical powers.—In geom., a solid of five sides, viz., a rectangular base,two rhomboidal sides meeting in an edge, and two triangular ends.-^ Wedge-shaped, having the shape of a wedge ; cunei¬ form — v.a To cleave with a wedge ; to drive as a wedge is driven ; to crowd or compress closely ; to fix in the manner of a wedge. Wedgfd, w^d, pp. of the yevh to wedge. Split with a wedge ; closely compressed. Wedorwood-WARE, wej' wdbd-wnre, 8. A kind of semi- vitrified pottery, capable of receiving all kinds of colours by means of metallic oxides and ochres. Wedlock , -ZoA:, 8 Marriage; matrimony. _ % v.a To marry. Wedlocked. wed' lokt, pp. United in marriage. Wednesday, wmz' The fourth day of the week; the next day after TSiesday WBE,t we, a Small; little. WaBCHELM,^ weetch'-elm, s. A species of elsa. Weed, weed, s. The general name of any useless or troublesome plant; any kind of unprofitable sub¬ stance among ores in mines {local) ; a garment, used only In the plural, as a widow’s weede.-Weed-grown, overgrown with weeds. — v.a. To free from noxious plants, or from anything hurtful or offensive; to root out vice. Weed-hook, M>eerf'-/iooA:, Is. A hook used for Weedino-hook, weed'-ing-tiook,) cutting away OT ex¬ tirpating weeds. Weeded, weed'-ed, pp. of the verb fo weed. Weeder, weed' er, s. One who weeds or frees from anything noxious. [of weeds. WBBDERT,M7«cd'-er-e, 8. Weeds; a place for the growth Weeding, weed'-ing, s. Operation of freeing from weeds, or anything noxious.—a tool with a divided chisel point, for cutting the roots of large weeds within the ^ro\md.— Weedmg-forceps or Weeding-tongs, an instrument for taking up some sorts of plants in vfeedmg;.-~Weeding-fork, m strong, three-pronged fork, used in cleaning ground or yveeda.-l^eding-rhim, an implement somewhat like the frame of a wheel-barrow, used for tearing up weeds on summer fallow’s, &c. [matter. Weedless, weed'-les, s. Free from weeds or noxious Weeds, weeds, s.pl. A widow’s mourning habiliments. Weedt, weed'-e, a. Consisting of weeds; abounding with weeds. Week, week, s. The space of seven days.—In Scripture, a prophetic week is a week of years, or seven years.— Week-day, any day of the week except the Sabbath. Weekly, week'-It, a. Happening or done once a week ; hebdomadary ;—ad. Weekly. Wee-l, weel, 1 s. A kind of twiggen trap or snare Weelt, weeVe,] for fish ; J a whirlpool. Ween, ween, v.n. To think ; to imagine. Weep, weep, v.n. or v.a.; pret. and pp. wept. To express sorrow, grief, or anguish; to shed tears from any passion; to lament; to complain; to bemoan; t» shed moisture. Weeper, weep'-er, s. One who weeps or sheds tears ; a white border on the sleeve of a mourning coat; a South American monkey of the sapajou group. Weeping, xveep'-ing, ppr. or a. Lamenting ; shedding XQdiT^.—Weeping-rock, a porous rock from which water gradually issues.— Weeping-spring. a spring that slowly discharges water.— Weeping-willow, a species of willow, whose branches grow very long and slender, and hang down nearly in a perpendicular direction. — 8. Lamentation; grief. Weepinqly, weep'-tng-le, ad. With weeping ; in tears. Weesel, weez'l, s. The more proper spelling of weasel. WeeTjJ weet, v.n To know. WEETLESst a. Unknowing; unsuspected. Weever, we'-uer, 8. A fish of several species belonging to the perch lamily. Weevil, weev'l, s. A small insect of the beetle tribe with a long snout. Weevilt, weev'-ie, a. Infested with weevils. Webzel, 8 . See Weasel. WErT,$ weft, old pret. of wave. From Weave. Weft, weft, s. TTie woof of cloth . the threads that cross the warp from selvedge to selvedge ; a weh; a thing woven; X a thing waved, waived, or cast away. Weftaob, weftf-aj^ s. Texture. Weigh, wa, v.a. To examine by the balance; to ascer¬ tain the weight; to be equivalent to in weight; to raise; to lift, as an anchor from the ground, or any other body; to pay, allot, or take by weight; to ponder in the mind; to compare by tlie scales ; to con¬ sider as worthy of notice.—To weigh down, to over¬ balance , to depress- — v.n To have weight, to be considered as Im¬ portant , to bear heavily , to press hard.—To weig^ dowyi, to sink by its own weight — 8- A certain quantity. S«« Wet. Weiohablk. wa'-A-hl, a. That may be weighed. Wbiohaoe, wa'-ij, s. or a, A duty or toll paid for weighing merchandise. Weighed, wade, pp or a. Examined by the scales , considered, { experienced. Weigher, wa'-er, s. One who weighs ; an oflScer whose duty is to weigh commodities Weighing, 8. Act of ascertaining weight; as much as is weighed at once.— Weighing-cage, a c^e tn which small Uving animals rosv be conveniently WEIGHT [ 870 ] WEETH wriffhed —Weiqhing-hmu, a building tanlsbed with adock and other conTeniences dities— W'eighing-Machuie, a machine for weighing heavy bodies, and particularly wheel-carriages, Vfmaai!^wate, s. The quantity of a body. Mcertained by the balance ; gravi^ ; a mass of u-on, or other metal, to be used for ascertaining the weight of other bodies; a standard of weight; as, tooy weight, apothecaries’ weight, &c.—In mech., that which receives motion a ponderous mass ; some- tliinK heavy, that which weighs burdens ■ as, a weight of care , that which is highly important, or worthy of consideration ; ponderous¬ ness gravity* Weightless, wate'-less, a. Having no weight; ^ght. AYeiohty, wa'-te, a. Having great weight; heavy; nonderous ; burdensome i important; adapted to turn the balance in the mind, or to convince ; —ad. Weightily 8. Weightiness. Vbir; weer, s. A. dam in a river to stop and raise the water for conducting it to a mill, for taking ash, &c.; a fence of stakes or twigs, set in a stream for taking fish. ■Weird, tceerd. 8. A spell. — a. Skilled in witchcraft. Weibsitb, wise'-ite, s. An ash-grey ni^eral found in Sweden, and so called in honour of Professor Weiss, of Berlin. WfiivB.t See Weave. Wellawat, toel'-A-wa, a. An exclamation expressive of grief or sorrow, equivalent to alas. Welcome, wel'-kum, a. Received with gladness; ad¬ mitted willingly ; acceptable ; agreeable ; producing gladness in its reception, as a tccicowe present; free lb have or enjoy gratuitously ; often.—To bid welcome, to receive mth professions of kindness, used ellmti- callv for you ave welcome ;—ad. Welcomely ,*—8. Wel- comeyiest. . — a. Salutation or kind reception of a guest or new- — v.a. To salute a new-comer with kindness; to receive and entertain hospitably and cheerfully. Welcomed, weV-kwnd, pp. of the verb to welcome. Welcombr, weV-kum-er, s. One who salutes or receives kindly a new-comer. Weld, weld, \ 8. A plant, the reseda luteola, used by VioLD, woaldj dyers to give a yellow colour, and sometimes called dyer's weed. Weld, weld, v.a. To unite or hammer into firm union, as two pieces of iron, when heated almost to fusion ; X to wield. Welded, weld'-ed, pp. of the verb to weld. ■Welder, weld'-er, 8. One who welds iron ; actual occupant. Welding, s. The act or process of uniting iron by intense heat.— Welding-heat, the heat neces¬ sary for welding iron baiE. Welfare, wel'-Zore, 8. Personal exemption from mis¬ fortune, sickness, calamity, or evil; the enjoyrnent of health and prosperity ; well-being ; applied to slates, the ordina >7 blessings of society and civil government. WELK,i welk, v.n. To decline ; to fade ; to decay. v.a. To contract; to shorten. [ridges. WELK.ED,t welkt, pp. or a. Contracted into wrinkles or Welxin, wel'-kin, s. The visible regions of the air; the vault of heaven.— Welkin-eye, a blue eye; a rolling or languishing eye. Well, wel, s. A spring; a fountain; a pit or cylin¬ drical hole, sunk perpendicularly into the earth to reach a supply of water.—In ships, an inclosure round the pumps m the middle of a ship’s hold.—In mining and the mil. art. a hole or excavation In the earth, from which run branches or gallepies.—TTc^i-ftoai, a fishing-boat having a well in its hold for the recep¬ tion of Well-drain, a drain or vent for water, serving to discharge the water of wet land.— Well- hole, in a Jiight o/ stairs, the open spa ce in the middle, beyond the ends of the stairs.— ^rell-room, in a boat, a place in the bottom where the water is collected, and whence it is thrown out with a scoop. ~^Well~st)ring, a source of continual supply.— Well- water, the water that flows into a well from subter¬ raneous springs , water drawn from a well. — v.n To spring from ; to issue forth, as wAtet from the earth. — v.a. To pour forth. — a. Being in health ; having a sound body; fortu¬ nate ; convenient; advantageous; happy. Well ,L ad. In a proper manner; justly; right^; not ill OP wickedly’; skilfully; with due art; sufficientlT, abundiitly ; to a degree that gives pleasure ; fa¬ vourably ; with praise; conveniently; suitably, advantaUously , to a sufficient degree, perfectiy; thoroughly fuliy ; adequately.—As weh as, together wHh , one^as much as the other.—Well enough, Ina ^adverbial prefix 5* PT-nressing what is right, laudable, or complete , InS the following is a summary of '^'7'^ pounded, but which, as being self-explanatory, require no explanation ; —Well-accoutred , weU ad- lusted ; well-aimed , well-appointed , well-authenti¬ cated; well-balanced; well-being; weJ-beloved; well-born; well-bred; weU-built, well-complexioned , well-conditioned ; weU-couched ; weU-deftned ; well- described , well-devised ; well-digested , weU-dis- cerned. well-disposed ; well-doer; weU-doing, weU- done ; weU-drawn , weU-dressed; weU-educated ; well-established; well favoured; well-flavoured; well-formed; well-founded; well-grounded; well- husbanded; weU-informed ; well-mstructed ; well- intended; well-intentioned; well-known; well- mannered; well-meaner; well-meamng; weU-meant, well-met; well-minded; well-moralized; well-na¬ tured ; well-nigh ; well-ordered ; well-painted ; weu- Dolicied; weU-poUshed ; weU-read ; well-regulated ; well-set; well-settled ; well-sinker; well-sped; well- spent; well-spoken; well-stored; well-sweep; weU- tempeVed; weU-timed; weU-trained; well-tried , weU-wilier; well-wish; well-wisher. "Welladay, wel'-d-da, inteij. Alas ; alackaday. ■Well-niqh, ad. Almost; nearly. Welsh, melsh, a. Pertaining to the Welsh nation. — 8. The language of Wales or of the Welsh : the general name of the inhabitants of ^>Vales. JVelsh- onion, the plant allium fistxilosum, grown chiefly as a spring salad.— Welsh-poppy, the plant meconopsiscam- hrica-Welsh-lumps, a kind of fire-brick made, in Wales, similar to Windsor-bricks.— Welsh-rags, a kind of %\ 2 i\.e.— Welsh-rabbit, cheese melted into a mass, and spread over slices of toasted bread. , , , Welt, welt, s. A small cord covered with cloth and sewed on seams or borders to strengthen them. — v.a. To furnish with a well. Welted, welt'-ed, pp or a Furnished with a welt. Welter, v.n. To roll, as the body of an ani¬ mal ; to roll or wallow in some foul matter. Weltering, ppr. or a. Rolling ; wallow¬ ing, as in mire, or other mthy matter. Welting, welt'-ing, s. The act of putting on a welt, or the welt put on. Wem,$ wem, 8. A spot; a scar. — i v.a. To corrupt. , . , . Wen, wen, s. An encysted tumour, which is moveable, pulpy, and often elastic to the touch. Wench, tcerish, s. A young woman ; a low strumpet.— Wench-like, after the manner of wenches. — v.n. To frequent the company of women of ill fame. Wencher, 8. A lewd man. Wend, w&tid, v.n.; pret. went. To go; to pass to or from. (Foet.) Wennel,! tcen'-nel, B. SeeWEANEL. . Wennish, tcen'-yusrt’, la. Having the nature of a Wennt, wen'-ne, j wen. . , Went, went, pret. of the poetic verb to wend, and also of the irregular verb to qo. — $ 8. Way ; course ; path. Wept, wept, pret. ana pp. of the verb to weep. Were, wer ; the imperfect tense plural of the neuter verb to be ; as, we were, you were, they were; and the first and third persons singular of the subjuncuve mood of the same verb—if I were, &c. Werboild, warei-guild, 8. luarchao., the price of homi¬ cide ; a compensation paid partly to the king and partly to the next of kin. Wbrnbrian, wer-nef-re-an, a. Pertaining to Werner, the German mineralogist and geologist, who classi¬ fied minerals according to their external characters, and advocated the theory that the strata of the earth’s crust were formed by depositions from water. Wbrneritb, wer'-ner-ite, s. The 8am« mineral with scapolite. , , , * Wert, wert, v.n. The second person slngniar oi tn« subjunctive imperfect tense of the verb to be. Wbrth. I (In names, signifies a farm, court, Of Worth,) [ village. WESLEYAN [ 871 ] Wisi-SYAN, tces'-la-an, 8. or a. One bilongiiig to the sect of Araunian Methodists, founded by John Wesley ; whence Wesleyanism. West, west, s. One of the four cardinal points, being that opposite the east, and at which the sun sets at the equinoxes; a coun^ situated in the region to¬ ward the sunsetting, with respect to another; as, far west. — a. Being in a line toward the point in the horizon where the sun sets when in the equator; coming or moving from the west or western regions ; as, a west wind. — ad. To the western region; at the westward; more westward. — $ v.n. To pass to the west; to set, as the sun. Westering, i west'~er~ing, a. Passing to the west. "Westerly, wes'-ter-le, a. Being toward the Y^est; situated in the western region. — ad. Tending toward the west. Western, west'-em, a. Being in the west, or in the re¬ gion nearly in the direction of west, or where the sun sets. , Westing, 8. Space or distance westward, or departure westward. W^estward, wes^-ward, lad. In a direction to- W^BSTWARDLY, wBst'-wurd-le, I ward the west. Wet, wet, a. Containing water, oi having water or other liquid upon the surface; va\-a.^.--Wet-nurse, a nurse who suckles a child.— Wet-shod,'weX, over the shoes. _8. Water or wetness; moisture or humidity in con¬ siderable degree; rainy weather. —— v a ■ pret and pp. wet ; but wetted is sometimes used’ To fill or moisten with water or other liquid ; to sprinkle ; to dip or soak in liquor ; to moisten with driidt. _ a. j WHETHER, 8. A ram castrated. Wetness, wetf-nes, s. The state of being wet; a watery or moist state of the atmosphere ; a state of being rainv, foggy, or misty. . . , -j Wettish, wef-tish, a. Somewhat wet; moist; humid. Wex, weks, v.a. or v.n. To grow ; to wax. _ Wet ton 8 In weights ana mensum, a certain quan¬ tity which differs in different articles; a wey of wool of 6i tods, or 182 lbs; a wey of corn or salt is 40 bushels -, a wey of oats or barley, 48 bushels. Wezand, we'-zand. See Wbasand. Whack., v.a. To strike. {Vulgar.) Whale, hwaie, 8. The general name of an order of Mammalia, under the name of Cetacea. The Green land whale is of the genus lalish white eyes. A species of fly, the burrel-tty. A feather thong. Whame, hwame, s WHANG,t hwang, 8 — ^:v.a. To beat. Whap, hwap. s. A __ A blow; a sudden fall. See Whop 'a‘nd w'hoTp’er. Ivulgar.) . Wbarp hwawrl, 8. i pi. wharfs or wharves. A per¬ pendicular bank or mound of tahiber, or stone and earth, raised on the shore of a harbour, riyer, c,anal, &c., for the conyenience of lading ai^ un^mn^ — y a To guard or secure by a wharf or film wall of w"aE,s- The fee or duty paid for the privile^ of using a wharf for loading or unloading 'B^HrSlNQ^' hwawf’-ing, 8. Wharves in general. Whari'inoer, hwawrf -in-jer , 8 . A man who has the care of a wharf, or the proprietor of a wharf. What Swot, pron. That which; the thing that; which part.' Whai is much used in What the time when.—TTW is used mter- TOgatively and elliptlcaUy, as efihrfjlent to wAai will be the conseouence f—What thou^, that is, CTant this or that; allow it to he so.—an exclamation of calling. WHAT,t s. Fare ; things ; matter. Whatever,) pron. Bfcing thiu or "Whatsoeyer, hwat-so-^-er, | tliat; being of one nature or another; aii that; the whole that; all particulars that.— Whatso Is obsolete. Wheal, 8. A pustule. Weal. Wheat, hweet, s. A plant of the genus triticum. which furnishes a white flour for bread.—ir^ea^-6tra, a bird that feeds on wheat.— Wheat-ear, a small bird com¬ mon in Europe, allied to the stonechut and whinchat. — Wheat-fiy, a name given to several insects injurious to svXieal. - Wheat-moth, an insect whose grubs devour wheat chiefly after it is harvested.—Jr phim, a sort of plum. Wheatbn, hioeet'n, a. Made of wheat. Wheedle, hwee'di, v.a. or v.n. To entice by soft words , to flatter; to cajole. — v.n To coax. Wheedled, hweed'ld, pp. of the verb to wheedle. Wheedlbr, hweed'-ler. s. One who wheedles. Wheedling, hweed'-hng, s. The act of flattering or enticing. Wheel, kioeel, 8. A circular frame of wood, Iron, or other metal, consisting of a nave or hob, into which are inserted spokes, which sustain a rim or felly ; or of a solid circular piece of wood or metal, the whole turning on an axis. The wheel and axis constitute one of the mechanical powers. An instrunient for torturing criminals , a machine for spinning thread of various ^nds ; rotation , revolution ; a turning about. —In pottery, a round board turned by a lathe in a horizontal position, on which the clay is shaped by the hand.—In ships, a large circular frame having handles on the periphery, and connected by tiller- ropes with the rudder, for the purpose of steering the Wheel-animal, or Wheel-animalcule, one of 8 class of animalcules, with arras for taking their prey, resembling wheels; a voWfoT.—Wheel-barrow, a light frame wi^ a box for conveying articles, supported by one wheel, and rolled by a single mao.—Wheel- boat, a boat with wheels, to be used on water or upon inclined pXaoo^.—Wheel-carriage, a carriage moved on wheels.— fi^eel-cutting , that branch of practical mechanics which comprehends the modes of cutting the teeth in the wheels used by clock and watch¬ makers,and general engineers.— Wheel-race, the place in which a water-whed is i>\aoe&.—Wheel-shaped, in hot., TotaXo.—Wheel-shell, a shell of the family Tro- chidcB.— Wheel-wright, a man whose occupation is to to make wheels and wheel-carriages. — v.a. To convey on wheels; to put into a rotary mo¬ tion ; to cause to turn round, — v.n. To turn on an axis; to move round ; to fetch a compass; to roll forward.—In mil. tactics, to move forward or backward in a circular manner. "Wheeld, hweeld, pp. of the verb to wheel. "Wheeler, t hweeV-er, s. A maker of wheels. Wheeling, hweel'-ing, 8. Act of conveying on wheels . a turning or circular movement of troops embodied ; one of the most important operations of a squadron or company. Whbely, hweeV-e, a. Circular ; suitable to rotation. Wheeze, hweez, v.n. To breathe hard and with an audible sound, as persons affected with asthma. Wheezing, Atce«z'-tnp, 8. Act of breathing with diffi¬ culty and noise. Whelr, hwelk, s. A wrinkle; Ineouaiity on the sur¬ face , a pustule; a mollusk, the huccinum undatum, with a univalvular, spiral, and gibbous shell. Whelkt , hwelk'-e, a. Proiubejant; embossed ; rounded. Whelm, hwelrn, v.a. To cover with water or other fluid ; to immerse deeply , to overburden. Whelmed, hwelmd,_p\t. of the verb to whelm. Whelp, hwelp, 8. T^ie young of the canine species, and of several other beasts of prey, as lions, bears, «S:c.; a puppy ; a son or a young man (in contempt). — v.n. To bring forth young. ^Vhen, hwen, ad At tne lime ; at what time ; which time; after the time that.— When as, at the time when. Whence, hwense, ad. From what place; from what source; from which premises, principles, or facte; how ; by what way or means.—In gen., from which person, cause, place, principle, or circumstance.— From whence may be considered as tautological Whence-EVER, lad. From what plarc "Whencesoever, hwense-so-eV-er, ) soever ; from what cause or source »oever. . ^ .l __ W^HBNEVER, hwen-tv^-er, ad* At whatever vizne. WHIPPING WHENSOEVER [ 872 ] SV n EN 80 EV Ku, Jtd. At wtiat tiinc scovcr, at whatever time. Where> hwart^ ad. At which place or places ; at or in what place ; at the place in which; whither.—Any- ichere, in any place. WHEREAitonT, hwaref-ii-hout, ad. Near what place; near which place; concerning which.— is aiso used. Whereas, hware~az', ad. When In fact or truth ; the thing being 80 that; considering that things are so; but on the contrai-y. Whereat, hware-atf, ad. At which ; at what. tV HEREBY, Kware-hV, ad. By which ; by wliat. Wherefore, hware'-fore, ad. For which reason ; why. Wherein, hware~in\ ad. Into which ; In which thing, lime, &c., in what. Wh£reinto 4/ju?are-tn-fo', ad. Into which. \Vhereness4 hiuare’-ne^,%- Ubiety ; imperfect locality. Whereof, hicare-of, ad. Of which; as, we are not guilty of the crime whereof yve are accused. WHF.UEON, Ware-o»i', ad. On w’hich. Wheresoever, hware-so-ev'-er, In whatever place, or in any place indeiiiiitely.—IF/iereso is obsolete. NVHEnETHROuGH,$ hwarc'-throo, ad, Through which. VVhereto, A7^are-ipf,pp. See Whipped. [rafter land. Whip-stitch, nwiprstitsh, v.a. To half-plough or Wum. whiir, v.n. To whirl round with noise. — v.a. To hurry. Whirl, hwerl, v.a. To turn round rapidly; to turn with velocity ; to twirl or revolve. — v.n. To be turned round rapidly; to move round with velocity. — 8. A turning with rapidity or velocity; rapid rota¬ tion or circumvolution ; quick gyration ; anv thing that moves or is turned with velocity.—In hot. and cofich, see Whorl.— iVhirl-bat^ any thing moved with a whirl.—Whirl-blast, a whirling blast of wind.— Whirl-bone, the patella; the knee-pan.—$ Whirl-pit, a whirlpool. Whirled, hwerld, pp. of the verb totohirl. Whirligig, hwerl'-e-ghig, s. A toy which Children spin or whirl round.—In mil. antiq., an instmment for punishing petty offenders; a kind of wooden cage tuniing on a pivot, in which the offender was whirled round with great velocity. Whirling, hwerl'-ing, ppr. ora. Turning or moving round with velocity.—lPft»rWng-»nacM'n«,anapyaratus for determining the resistance of air against bodies movinu with yo\o{:.{X.y.—Whirling-table, a machine contrived for representing several phenomena of cen¬ trifugal force, by giving hidies a rapid rotation. Whirlpool, hiorrl'-pool, s. An eddy cf watery a vortex or gulf where the water moves round in_a circle. W'hjrlwind, hwerl*-wind, s. A violent wind moving in a circle round its axis. W'hirring, hwer'-ring, s. The sound of a partridge’s or pheasant’s wings. Whisk, /iieisA, 8. A small bunch of grass, straw, hair, or the like, used for a brush ; a small culinary instm- raent for whisking certain articles, as the whiles of eggs, &c., pan of a woman’s dress ; a kind of tippet. — v.a. To sweep, brush, or agitate with a light rapid motion ; to move with a quick, sweeping motion. — v.n. To move nimbly and with velocity. AYhisker, hwisk*-er, s. Long hair grovying on the human cheek. [with whiskers. Whiskered, a. Formed into or furnished Whisket, s. A basket. {Local.) Whisky, hwis'-ke, s. A spirit distilled from grain; a light carriage for rapid motion. ■\ViiispEu, hwis'-per, v.n. To speak with a low,hissing, cr sibilant voice ; to plot secretly ; to devise mischief. — v.a. To address in a low voice ; to prompt secretly. — 8. A low, soft, sibilant voice, or words uttered with such a voice ; a cautious or timorous speech ; aliissing or buzzing sound. Whispered, hivi/-perd, pp. of the verb to whisper. Whisperer, htois'-per-er, s. One who whispers; a tattler ; one who tells secrets; a backbiter. Whispering, hwis'-per-mg, ppr. or a. Speaking in a low voice ; telling secretly ; backbiting.—A whisper- ing gallery, or dome, is one in which whispers are conveyed to a great distance ad. Whisperingly.^ — s, Act of speaking with a low voice ; a backbiting. Wh!ST, a. Silent; mute; still. — v.a. To hush or silence. Impor. be silent! — 8. A game at cards, so called because it requites silence or close attention. Whistle, hwis'-tl. v.n. To utter a kind of musical sound, oy pressing the breath through a small 9 rihce formed by contracting tlie Ups; to sound shriU, or like a pipe. . _ — v.a. To form, utter, or modulate by whistling ; to call by a whistle. — 8- A small wind instrument or the sound made thereby . sound made by pressing the breath through a small orifice of the lips; a small pipe, used by a boaiswain to summon the sailors to their duty ; the boatswain's call, the shriU snund of winds passing among trees or through crevices, &c.; a call, such as sportsmen use to their dogs.— Whistle-Jlsh, a local name of a species of the cod family. V/histled, hwts'id, pp. Sounded w'ith a pipe. Whistler, hwW-ler. s. One who whistles. Whisixing, hwiaf-Ivig, ppr. or a. Uttering a musical Koand tlirough a small orifice of the lips; sounding with a pipe. Whistlino, 8. A shrill sound of the lips or wind ad. whistlingly. Whistly, ad. Silently, [particleImaginable. Whit, hwit, s. A point; a jot; the smallest part or White, hwite, a. Being of the colour of pore snow ; not dark ; pale ; destitute of colour in the cheeks , pure ; unblemished.—In a Scriptural purified from sin.— To show the white feather, to evince cowardice. — 8. A negative colour; one of the natural colours ol bodies, but not strictly a colour; a white spot or thing ; the mark at which an arrow is shot. — lu letter-press printing, a space between two linens.— White of the eye, that part of the ball of the eye sur¬ rounding the iris or coloured gd^ri.—White of an egg, the albumen or pellucid, viscous fluid which surrounus the vitellus or yoW.—Spanish-white,& substance used in painting, prepared from chalk. White, as a prefix, admits of a variety of useful compounds, some of which are here given in alpha¬ betical order Whitt bait, a very small, delicate fish, of the herring VAnd.—White-beam, the common beam- tree of England.— White-bear, the bear that inhabits the polai’ regions, a large, fierce quadruped, of a white colour.— Wnite-boy,Bi name given, in Ireland, to certain disturbers of the peace by night, so called from the colour of their oXothc^.—white-brant, a spe¬ cies of the goose White-campion, a grassy- looking plant, silene stellata. — Whxte-centaury, an annual weed m woods, the centaurea alba.—White- clover, a small species of perennial clover, bearing W’hite flowers. — White-copper, an alloy of copper, nickel, and zinc ; German silver.—a term for crops of grain, as wheat, rye, &c., which turn from green to white in v\penm%.—White-darnel, a troublesome wtcul.—White-ear or White-tail, a. bird, the fallow-finch, or wheat-ear.—or White- blaze. a white mark in the forehead of a horse, de¬ scending almost to the nose.—White-film,a. white film growinj^over the eyes of sheep.—a small fish, allied to the herring; a fish of the salmon family, found in the lakes of North America.—a white mark on the foot of a horse.— White-horse-fish, a fish of the ray iLind.—White-land, a tougn. clayey soil, of a whitish hue when dry.— White-lead, a car¬ bonate of lead, much used in painting white.— limed, whitewashed, or plastered with lime.— livered, having a pale look ; feeble ; cowardly ; mali¬ cious.— White-manganese, eathonate of manganese.— White-meat, meats made of milk, butter, cheese, eggs, and the like.— White-poplar, a tree of the poplar kind , the abele-tree, popnltis alba. — White-poppy, a species of poppy, papaver somniferum, from which opium is obtained.—a kind of food made of milk, cream, sugar, eggs, &c., baked in a pot.— White- precipitate, a compound of ammonia and corrosive swhlunate —White-pyrites, a sulphuret of iron, of a pale bronze-yellow colour, occurring in prismatic crystals.—a rent or duty payable by every tinner to the Duke of Cornwall, as lord of the soil.— White-root, the coUc or pleurisy root, asclepias tnhe- rosa.— White-rump, a bird of the genus saxicula.— White-salt, salt dried and calcined ; decrepitated salt. — White-stone, a granite abounding in white feldspar. —a strumous or scrofulous inflamma¬ tion around the knee-joint.—in ornilh.^ the wheatear.—the hawthorn.- throat, a small singing-bira, a species of warbler, named from the colour of its throat.-White-vitriol, sulphate of -zinc.— White-ivater, a disease of sheep.— White-wax, bleached waj..— White-icine,an-y wine of a clear, transparent colour, bordering on white, Madeira, Lisbon, &c.— Whitester, a bleacher ; a whit- %ter.—Whitewash, a wash or liquid composition for whitening something ; a composition of lime and water, for whitening the plaster of walls, &c.; a wash for making the skin fair.— Whiteicasher, one who whitewashes the walls or plastering of apaiT- menxe.-If^ite-wood, a species of timber-tree growing in North America ; the liriodrmlron, or tulip-tree. — v.a. To make white; to whitewash. Whited, hivi'-ted, pp. or a. Made white ; whitened. Whitelt,^ hwite'-le, ad. Approaching to w'hite. Whiten, W«fr'n, v.a. To make white; to bleach; to blanch. — v.n. To grow white; to turn or become white. Whitened, hwite’nd, pp. or a. Made white ; bleached Whitenbr, hwiU’-ner, s. Ono who bleaches or makee white. WHITENESS [ 874 ] WIDTH Whitbness, hwite^~nea, s. The state of being white; paleness; want of a sanguineous tinge in the face; p'.irity ; cleanness ; freedom from stain or blemish. WiiiTESTER, hwite'-siery s. A bleacher ; a wliitener. Whites, hwitea, s. The fluor albus, a disease of females. Whither, hwith’^r, ad. To what place; to which place , to what point or degree. [place. Whithbiisoever, hwiih'-er-so-ev'-er, ad. To whatever Whiting, hwi'-ting, s A sea-Ash, allied to 'the cod, and valued as an article of food ; ground chalk, care¬ fully cleaned from all stony matter ; Spanish white. Whitish, a. Somewhat white.—s. Whitishness. WniTLEATHER, hwit'~leth-er, s. Leather dressed with alum, salt, &c., remarkable for its pliability and toughness; a name popularly given to a broad, tough, white ligament on the neck of quadrupeds. Whitlow, hwitf-low, 8. In path., an inflammation commonly terminating in suppuration, and seated about the root of the nail of a finger, or in the peri¬ osteum, or in the bone of the last joint. In sheep, a disease of the feet, of an inflammatory kind.— Whit¬ low-grass, mountain knot-grass. W’hitsour, hwiV-sQw-er, s. A sort of apple. W''iiiT8TBa,t hwit'-ster, s. A whitener; a bleacher. W'hitbul, hwitf-aul, s. A provincial name of milk, sour milk, cheese curds, and butter. Whitson, hwit'-sun, a. Observed at Whitsuntide. WH 1 TSTJNDA.Y, 1 8. Thc sevcnth Sundav Whitsuntide, hwiV-sun-tide,] after Easter ; a festival of the Church in commemoration of the descent of tbs Holy Spirit on the day of Pentecost. Whittle, hwiVl, s. A small pocket-knife; a white dress for a woman. - v.a. To pare or cut off the surface of a thing with a small knife ; J to sharpen. Whittled, hwiVld, pp. or a. Cut with a small knife. Whitt-brown, hwi'-te-brown, a. Of a colour between white and brown. Whiz, hwiz, v.n. To make a humming or hissing sound, like an an-ow or ball flying through the air — 8. A hissing sound. WiiizBiNQ, hwtz'-zing, ppr. or a. Making or denoting a humming or hissing sound ;—ad. JVhizzinglp. Who, hoo. A relative pronoun always referring to persons, and much used in asking questions; as, who art thou ? ^ ± t ) Whoever, hoo-ev’-er, pron. Any person whatever. Whole, hole, a. Containing tlie total amount or num her, or the entire thing; aU; total; complete; noi hetecuve or imperfect; not impaired, injured, oi broken ; sound ; not hnrt or sick; restored to healti and soundness.— Whole-blood, a kinsman derivec from the same couple of ancestors, as dlstinguishec irom half-blood. — Whole-hoofed, in tool., having thc hoof undivided, as in the horse. — 8. The entire thing*; the entire or total assemblage of parts; a regular combination of parts; totality; aggregate. ^ > j . Wholeness, hoW-nes, s. Entireness ; totality. W HOLzsALE, hole’-sale, s. Sale of goods by the piece oi large quantity, as distinguished from retail. — a. Huying and selling by the piece or quantity. Whul^ome, a. Tending to promote health salubrious ; sound ; contributing to the health of the niind , favourable to morals, religion, or prosperity useful; salutary; conducive to public happiness: peace ;—ad. Wholesomely ,■—s. Whollt /KZ-fe, ad. Entirely; completely; perfectly W hom, Aoow, the objective of ta/io. 3 W’homsobver, hoom-so-ev'er, pron. Any person, with- out exception, > ^ Whoop, hoop, ad. A shout of pursuit; a shout of war a particular erv of troops when they rush to the attack , the bird called hoopoe or upupa. — v.n To shout with a particul^ voice. ~ v.a. To Insult with shouts. WHOOPING-COUGH. See Hooping-cough. WuooT. See Hoot. Whop, hwop, s. A sudden fall, or the suddenness ol striking in a fall, M HOPPER, hwop'-per, s. Any thing uncommonly large; appUed particularly to a monstrous lie. (Vulgar.) ' woman who practices unlawful with men; particularly one who does it for hire ; a harlot; a courtesan. [lewdness ^ v.n. To have unlawful sexual commerce; topractice Whore, X T a. To corrupt by lewd intercourse. Whoredom, hore'-dum, s. Lewdness ; fornication; un¬ lawful commerce with the other sex.—In Scripture, idolatry. Whorbmaster, 7«3re'-t«o5i!V, Is. One who practises Whoremonger, hore-munV-ur, / lewdness. Whoreson, hore'-sun, s. A bastard. Whorish, ho'-rish, a. Lewd; unchaste; addicted to libidinous pleasures ; incontinentad. Whoriahly 8. Whorishness. Whorl, hwawrl, s. In6oi.,an ari’angement of a number of leaves or flowers around a stem, in the same plane with each other.—In conch., a volution or turn of the spire of a xmivalve. Whorlebut,-)- hwawrV-but, s. A kind of gauntlet, made with straps and leaden plummets, formerly used at athletic games. Whorled, hwawrld, a. Furnished with whorls. Whort, hxoawrt, s. The fruit of the whortleberry ; or the shrub. Whortleberrt, hwawr'tl-ber'-re,%. A plant or shrub, and its fruit, of the genus vaccinium. Whose, hooz. The possessive or genitive case of who or which; applied to persons or things. Whose-soever, hooz-so-ev'-er, pron. Of any person whatever. Whoso, J ho&so, pron. Any person whatever. Whosoever, hoo-so-ex/-er, pron. Any one ; any person whatever. [much force. Whur, hwur, v.n. To pronounce the letter r with too — 8. The sound of a body moving through the air with velocity. Whurt, hwurt, s. A W'hortlebeiry or bUberry. Wht, wi^ ad. For what cause or reason (inte 7 ’rog .), for which reason or cause (relatively); for what reason or cause (rel.) Whtcalf, hwi'-calf, s. A cow calf. (Local.) Whtnot, wi’-not, s. A cant word for violent and peremptory procedure. yh, wi. A Gothic prefix, denoting holy; as Wibert, holy bright. WiC; wik, A termination, denoting j'urisdiction, as in baxliwtck; a village or mansion. 'WiC'K.wik, 8. A number of threads of cotton or some similar substance, loosely twisted into a string, round which wax or tallow is appUed. "W icRED. wik'-ed, a. Evil in principle or practice, deviating from the divine law; addicted to vice; sin¬ ful ; criminal.—ad. Wickedlys. Wickedness. icKEN, 1 B. The pyrus, or sorhus aucu Wicken-tree, wtk'n~tree,) paria, mountain-ash. Wicrer, wik'-er, a. Made of twigs or oziers. Wicket, wikf-et, s. A small gate or door ; a bar or rod used in playing cricket.—In/or^., a small door in the gate of a fortified place. Wiclipfite, wik'-lif-ite, s. A follower of WickILffe. Wide, wide, a. Broad: having a great distance or extent between the sides; remote; distant.—IKitie- branched, having spreading branches. ^4- ^ distonce; far; with great extent; used chiefly in composition, as M;irf«-skirted meads. Widely, wide'-le, ad. With great extent each way ; to a great distance. Widen^ wide'n, v.a. To make wide or wider; to ex¬ tend in breadth. A- grow wide or wider; to enlarge: to extend Itself. [breadth. Widened, pp. or a. Made wide; extended in Wideness, s. Breadth; width; great extent between the sides. Widgeon, wy’-un, s. A water-fowl of the duck kind, w ^ woman who has lost her husband by aea.ih.~}Vidotv-bench, that share which a widow Is allowed of her husband’s estate, besides her join¬ ture. JVidow-hunter , one who seeks or courts widows tor a jointure or fortune.— Widaw-maker, one who makes widows by destroying liyea.—Widow-wail, in oot., a plant of the genus cneorum. — y.a. To bereave of a widow’s right; to strip Widowed, wtd'-ode, pp. o by death ; deprived of s Widower, 5, J. by death. Widowhood, wid'-o-hdbd, s. State of being a widow • ± estate settled on a widow. fViDTH, width, s. Breadth ; wideness ; the extent of ® thing from side to side. husband; fto endow with a of anything good, r a. Bereaved of a husoand ome good. man who has lost his wife WIELD [ 875 ] WIND WiiLD, weeld, T.a. To use -with full command or power ; to use or employ with the hand ; to handle.— To wield the sceptre, to govern with supreme command. Wielded, weeld' -ed. pp. of the verb to wield. WiELDLESS, weelit-lei, a. Unmanageable. WiELDT, weeld'-e,e,. That may be wielded; manage¬ able. WiERT, wi'-er-e. a. Made of or having the properties of wire ; t wet; marshy. _ , Wife, s.; pi. Wives. The lawful consort of a man , the correlative of husband; % a woman of low employment. ^ ^ -f Wifehood, wifef-hud, s. State and character of a wife. Wifeless, wif^des, a. Without a wife ; unmarried. WiFBLi, a. Becoming a wife. Wio wig, 8. A covering for the head, consisting of hair interwoven or united by a kind of net-work; a sort of cake. WiGEON. Se« Widgeon. WiooED, wigd, a. HaTing the head coTered with a wig. Wight, 8. A being ; a person, (^XTsed iromcally.) — i a. Swift ; nimble ad. IFipWii/. WiQWA.M, toig'-wam, s. An Indian cabin or imt. Wii-n, mle'd, a. RoTlng ; wandering, inhabiting the forest or open field , not tamed or domesticated, growing without culture ; desert; not inhabited; sarage ; uncivilized ; not refined by culture ; turbu¬ lent ; tempestuous ; irregular ; licentious .inconstant; disorderly , not framed according to the ordinary rules of reason ; imaginary ^ fanciiul. mid is a prefix to numerous words, and especially to the names of plants, to distinmish them from such of the name as are cultivated m gardensas wild ba^a, wild olive, &c.-Wild-boar, an anim^ of the hog kind, from wiiich the domesticated swme aie descended.—iriiii-fjorn, born m a n-ild state.—irtW- cat threat supposed to be the original stock of the domestic cat.—iriW-cfterri/, a large tree, the cetasus Wraimano bearing a smaU astringent fruit resem- ■blintz a cherry. — Wild-eyed, having eyes appearing Tviid — Wild-Jire, a composition of l^ammable ma- teri^ , a di^ase of sheep, attended with i^amm. Hon of the skin; a kind of erysipelM.—IFtW/owl, fowls of the forest, or untamed.—fTiM-goose. aji anuatic fowl Of the genus anser, a bird of passage. Xdioose AoK, the pursuit of something as unlilely t^be caught as the wild-goose.-IffW /umn/, huney Saris tomidfo the forest, in hollow trees or among ScL-irid-indfpo, a plant, Baptisia Unctorxa “Si..™ In the woods—ITfid-fnnd, land not cnl- growTOg in we w < us^ renders it unfit for cultiva- SonS mid-oati, a tali, oat-Uke kind of soft ^uss , toe avpnttceus —To sow ones wild oors, is to pass ?hrXffh a sSn of wild and thoughtless dissipation. »e4r. atoee of the genus orafiepia, or haw- dSert i an uncultivated or unin^habfted tract or "region ^forest or sandy desert In the plural Wdd. ; loose or cause to lose the wTin^easrwft'-i^rdt^a. Lostin a pathless tract; forest. . wild crab-apple ; a young Ts* wUd or’ CTOv^g without cultiyatlon. tree that is wuhnitt cultivation , without WinDLV,w.i«'d -iz,ud. without epv^^^ reUor.’heTies^yTtVriSousl?. irratlonaUy; ex- travaganay, ourteness rough, uneultl- InliXnate dftpositUm ’to ro®ve’; savage- wTnV, Will, wiL s. That faculty of the mind by which we determine either to do or forbear an action; the faculty which is exercised in deciding, among two oi more objects, which we shall eiubi^ce or pursue, that state of mind or feeling which is directed or that state oi mina or leeuiig lo ... influenced by the judgment, choice , discretion ; pleasure ; command ; direction ; disposition ; uiclma- tion , power, divine determination, moral purpose or counsel, the disposition of a man’s estate, to take effect after his death.—^nows.— Willow-toeed, a weed growmg on wet, light lands, with a seed like buckwheat; the polygo- w’rowr:-^-tTs, a. Abounding with w^ ■Willow isH, wil'-low-tsh, a. Like the colour ot the wTllowv, wil'-lo-e, a. Abounding with WiLSOME, wil'-sum, a. Obstinate ; stubborn. . Wilt, wilt, second pers. sing, of the present indicative of the aux. verb to will. — V n To begin to wither. L®- _Y a To cause to begin to wither; to make flaccid, wJL?Ei.^“»“l pp.o'’ra. Having become flaccid and VS ‘L^i?"&ing“\ows—Bettceen wind and tvattr, de¬ notes that part of a ship’s side or bottom which is frequently brought above water by the rolling of the ship or tiuetuatiun of the water’s surface. Wind fias a variety of compounds , as, IVind-boxiiidy prevented from sailing by a contrary wind.—IFtnd- dried, dried in the w\nA.—Wind-dropsy, a swelling of the belly from wind in the intestines, tynipaniies.— Wind-egg, addle egg.— Wind-fallen, blown down ^ the wind.— Wind-fioxoer, a plant, the anemone.— Wind-furnace, a furnace in which the air is supplied by an artificial current, as from a bellows.— gage, an instrument for ascertaining the velocity and force of v^\in\.~-Wind-gaU, a soft tumour on the fet¬ lock Joint!« of a \\ov^e.—Wind-gun, an air-^iui, a ^un discharged by the force of compressed air.— Wind- hatch, in mining, the opening or place where the ore is taken out of the eaHh.—Wind-hover,& species of hAV!k..~ Wind-instrument, an instrument of music, played by wind, cliiefly by the breath, as a flute.— Wind-mill, & mill turned by the wind,— a pump moved by wind.—Trind-rode, a terra used by seamen to signify a ship when riding with wind and tide opposed to each other, driven to the leeward of her anchor.— Wind-sail, a wide tube or funnel of can¬ vas, used to convey a stream of air into the lower apaitments of a stup. — Wind-seed, a plant of the genus arctotis.---.W^id-yS^ock, a sort of bruise or shiver in a tree.^Winditight, so tight as to prevent the passing of wind. .. Wind, wine’d, v.a.; pret. and pp. ivound. To blow ; to sound by blowing^ as to wind the horn ; to turn ; to move, or cause to turn ; to turn round some fixed ob¬ ject , to bind, or to form into a ball or coil by turning; to-mtroduce by insinuation ; to change ; to vary ; to entwist; to infold; to encircle.— To wind off, to un¬ wind.—To wind out, to extricate. — To wind up, to bring to a small compass, as a ball of thread; to bring to a conclusion or settlement; to put in a state o? re¬ novated or continued motion.—To nose ;.to follow by the scent; to expose to the wind , to drive hard, so as to render scant of wind, as a horse; also to rest a horse^ in order to recover wind.—To wind a ship, is to turn It end for end, so that the wind strikes it on the opposite side. —v.n. To be convolved ; to be turned around something ; to crook; to bend.—To wind out, to be extricated ; to escape. Windage, win'-daje, s. The difference between the diameter of the bore of a gun or mortar or other piece, and that of a ball or shell. [fan. Winder, wine'-der, v.a. To fan; to clean grain with a — 8. One who winds. Windfall, tomd'-/a-/rrtm«,the frame of a window which receives and holds the sashes.—panes of glass for windows.— Window-sash, the sash or light frame in which panes of glass are set for windows. — $v.a. To furnish with windows; to place at a ‘ window. • Windowed, win’-dodtt pp. or a. Furnished with win- 5 dows. f WiNDowT, win'-do-e, a. Having little crossings like the sashes of a window. , Windpipe, ivind'-pipe, or wine’d'-pipe, 8 . Tlie passa^ for the breath to and from tne lungs ; the iracnea. • Windrow, MJmd'-ro, 8. A line or row of hay read to be rolled into cocks ; the untilled border of a fiePi. Windward, wind'-ward, a. The point fror.i which the wind blows.—To lay an anchor to windward, to adopt previous measures for success or security. — a. Being on the side toward the point from which the wind blows. — ad. Toward the wind. Windy, a Consisting of wind ; tempestuous; . boisterous , pufiv ; flatulent; abounding with wind. ; Wive, wine, the fermented juice of grapes, the Juice ' of certain fruits, prepared with sugar, sometimes , with spirits, &c. ; intoxication , drinking.—ITiwe- bibber, one who drinks much wine ; a great drinker.— Wine-cask, a cask in which wine is or has been kept. — Wine-glass, a small glass in which wine is drunk.— Wine-measure, the measure by which wines and other ’ spirits are sold, smaller tlian beer measure.—irine- merchant, a merchant who deals in wines.—Trintf- press, a place where grapes are pressed.—IFine-sione, the deposit of crude tartar, or argal, on the interior of wine-casks. W 1 NELES 8 , a. Destitute of w’ine. Wing, wing^ s. The limb of a bird by winch it flies, and under which it jirotects its young , fig., care and pro¬ tection ; the limb of an insect by which it fues; flight; passage by the wing ; means of flying ; accelc- raticn, motive or incitement of flight, the flank or extreme body or part of an aimy ; any side-piece.— In hot., a leaf-like appendage; Wings being the two lateral petals of a papilionaceous flower, wliicli stand opposite to each other.—In gard., a side-shoot.—In arch., a side-building, less than the main edifice.— In fort., the longer sides of horn-works, crown-works, Ac.—In a fleet, the ships on the extremities, wiieu ranged in a line, or when forming the two sides of a triangle.—In a ship, the tvings are those parts of tlie hold and orlop deck which ai’e nearest the sides.—In Scripture, protection.—or Wing-shell, the case or shell w’hicli covers the wings of coleopterous insects, as the beetle, &c.— Wiug-covering, covering the Wing-footed, having wings attached to the feet; as, wing-footed Mercury. Hence, swift • fleet. X ’ — v.a. To frurnisli with wings ; to enable to fly or to move with celerity; to supply with side bodies; to transport by flight.—To wing a fiight, to exert the power of flying. Winged, wing'd or winf-ed, pp. Furnished with wings; transported by flying; having wings; swift; rapid ; wounded,—In hot., furnished w ith a leaf-like appendage.—In her., represented with wings, or having wings of a different colour from the body, fanned with wings; swarming with birds.— pe.a, a plant. [ascend or Jly. Wingless, wing'-les, a. Having no wings ; not able to WiNQLET, win^-let, s. A little wing. [speed. WiNGT, wing-e,d,. Having wings; rapid; as, wingy Wink, wingk, v.n. To shut the eyes quickly ; to close the eyelids with a quick motion ; to give a hint by the motion of the eyelids; to (io.'e the eyelids, and ex¬ clude the light; to be dim.—To wink at, to connive at, to tolerate ; to overlook. — s. The act of closing the eyelids quickly; a hint given by shutting the eye with a significant cast. WiNKER,tom^fc'-er, 8. One who winks; a horse’s blinder. WINKING, wingk'-tng, ppr. Shutting the eyes quickly , conniving at;—ad. Winkingly. Winner, win'-ner, s. One who gains by success in competition or contest. Winning, win'-ninp, ppr. Gaining, by success in com¬ petition or contest. — a. Attracting; adapted to gain favour; charming, —[or content. — s. The sum won or gained by success in competition WINNOW, wtn'-no, v.a. To separate and drive off the chaff from grain by means of wind ; to fan ; to beat, as with wings ; to examine; to sift for the purpose oi separating falsehood from truth. — v.n, To separate chaff from com. Winnowed, wiW-node, pp. of the verb to winnow. Winnower, win'-no-er, 8. One who winnows ‘ mEmmm [ 811 ] WITH W^iNNowiNo, toin'-no-ingf pi>r. or ft. Separating from ' ' ' ' nfii]’ the chaff by wind ; examining. — 8. The act of separating from chaff by wind. [_some.ly. Winsome, win'sum, a. Merry, cheerful;—ad. Win- WiNTER, win'-ter, s. The cold season of the year. In astroii calculations, the winter commences when the 8UU enters Capricorn, or at the solstice about the 21st of December, and ends at the equinox in March; but in ordinary discourse, the three tointer months are December, -January, ajid February , the part of a printing press wliicb sustains the carriage.— IS frequently used as a compound in bot.., /ior<.,and agric , as, TViutpr-npple, an apple tliat keeps well in winter.— Wiotcr-barley, a kind of barley which is sowed in autumn.— Winter-berry, a low shrub of the genus prinos —Winter-bloom, a plant of the genus azalea. —Winter-cherry, a plant of the genus phy- snlis, and its fruit.— Winter-citron, a sort of pear.— Winter-cress, a plant of the genus barbaren.— n inter¬ crop, a crop which will bear the winter, or which may be converted into fodder during the winter.— Winter- fallow, ground that is fallowed in winter.— garden, an ornamental garden for wmter.—TF»rt'‘er- green, a plant of the genus pyrola; also applied to plants of the genera chimaphila and gaultheria.— Winter-killed, killed by the winter,as gram.— Winter lodge or winter-lodgment, the hybemacle of a plant, which protects the embryo or future shoot from injui’ies during the winter.— Winter-pear, any pear that keeps well in winter.— Winter-quarters, the quarters of an army during the winter; a winter residence or station.— Winter-solstice, the solstice of the w'intcr, which takes place w^hen the sun enters Capricorn, December 21st. — v.u. To pa-^s the winter. — Y.a. To feed or manure during the winter. Wintered, win'-terd, pp- or a. Kept through the win¬ ter ; lived through the winter. WiNTERLv, win'-ter-le, a. Such as is suitable to winter. WiNTERT, win'-ter-e,3L. Suitable to winter; brumal; liyemal; cold, stormy. , . ^ . Winy, tci'-ne, a. Having the taste or qualities of wine. \ViNZE, winze, s In mining, a small shaft sunk from one level to another for the purpose of ventilation. Wipe wipe,v.{i. To rub with something soft for clean¬ ing ; to clean by rubbing , to strike off gently ; to cleanse from evil practices or abuses ; to overturn and destroy what is mul and hateful; to cheat; to de¬ fraud.-To wipe away, to cleanse by rubbing or tersion. To xoipe off, to clear away.—To wipe out, to efface ; to obliterate. ^ , — s The act of rubbing for the purpose of cleaning; a blow ; a stroke ; a gibe : a Jeer ; a severe sarcasm. WirED,u7»>e’^pp. ofthe verbioieipe. ^ WiPBR, wi'-per, s. One who wipes ; the instrument used for wiping.—In mills, a piece generally project¬ ing from a horizontal axle, for the pui'pose of raising stampers or heavy pistons, and leavmg them to fall by their own weight. . „■ v Wire, wire, s. A thread of metal; any metallic sub¬ stance draivn to an even thread.—irtre-rfraw, to draw a metal into wire, which is done by drawing it through a hole in a plate of steel ; to draw into Ien‘’’th to draw or spin out to great length ana tenuity.—irire-dra74>er, one who draws metal into y,vire -Wire-draten, drawn out to great length or fineness — Wire-gauze, a texture of finely interwoven wire, resembling gauze.— Wire-grate, a grate or con¬ trivance of fine wireworli to keep insects out ol vineries, hot-houses, &c,.—Wire-heel, a defect and disease in the feet of a horse or other beast. - TTim- vuUing, the act of pulling the wires, as of a puppet , tenee, secret influeuce or management, mtrigue. . T.a. To bind with wire; to apply wire to, as In worm'^ Wire!-viv.rm, s. A name giyen to the root- destroying Ini'TiE of various beetles, irom their glenderuesa and uncommon hardness. YX^i^-y w%'-re, A. MaciC of wire , like wire.^ Wi 3 ,t wia, v.a. To think , to suppose ; to imagme. Wisdom, The right use or exercise ot Imow- ledge ; tlie choice of laudable ends, and of the best means to accomplish tliem , prudence ; the exercise of sound judgment either in avoiding evils or attempt- in" good ; quickness of intellect; readiness of appre¬ hension ; de.xteritv in execution; natural mstinct «nd saoacltv—In Scripture, human learning ; cniai- tion ; Imowledge of arts and sciences ; godliness; piety. Wise, wize, a. Having the "power ot discerning aal judging correctly, or of discriminating between what is true and what is false, or between what is proper and what is improper ; discreet and judicious in the nee or application of knowledge ; learned ; knowing • skilled m arts, science, or philosophy; judicious; well adapted to produce good effects . oecoming a wise man; grave, discreet. — In Scripture, godly ; pious. Ironically, skilled in magic or divination. — s. Manner; way of being or acting- The word is often used in certain plirases,and also in composition; as, in any wise; on tliis wise; in nowise; likewise, otherwise,lengthwise. See. — Wise-hearted, wise, know¬ ing; skilful.— Wise-sayer, one who is noted for pre¬ dicting the weather; one who makes pretensions to great wisdom. Wiseacre, M;tze'-rt-Aer, 8. One who makes pretensiona to great wisdom; hence, in a simpleton ; a dunce. WisELiNG, wize'-ling,6. One who pretends to be wise. AVisely, wize'-le, ad. Prudently; judiciously; dirf creetly ; craftily ; with art or stratagem. WisENEss,± MJize'-nes, 8. Wisdom. Wish, wwi, v.n. To have a strong desire, either fot what is or is not supposed to be obtainable; to be dis¬ posed or inclined; to have a feeling that sometimes partakes of hope or fear. — v.a. To long for; to desire eagerly or ardently; to hanker after; to imprecate; to express desii'e. — s. Eager desire ; thing desired. Wished, tvisht, pp. of the verb to wish. Wisher, wish' er, s. One who de^’es; one who ex¬ presses a wish. Wishful, wish'~ful,A. Having desire,or ardent longing, showing desire ad. Wishfully. 'W 18 in'ET, wisk' et,6. A basket. [substai ce. AVisp, wisp, s. A small bundle of straw or other I ke WiSTjt pret. of wis. Wistful, wisf-ful, a. Full of thoughts; earnest; at¬ tentive;—ad. Wistfully. WisTiT, wis'-tit, s. The striated monkey, a small monkey of South America, having sharp claws and squiiTel-like habits. AVistly4^ wisf-le. ad. Earnestly. W''i--iTON-wi8H, 8. A Todcnt quadruped of America, the prairie-dog. . . WMT,mi, v.n. To know ; used only in the innniUve, to wit, that is to say. — s. The understanding or mental powers ; ingenuity , humour ; satire , the association of ideas in h manner natural, but unusual and striking, so as to pmduce surprise joined witli pleasui'C; a man of genius or fancy; sense; judgment; power of invention, faculty of the mind.—in the plural, soundness of mind. -Wit-cracker,-^ one who breaks jests; a joker.— Wit-craft,i- contrivance; invention.— one who affects repartee.— Wit-siai'ved, barren of wit; destitute of genius.—one who feeds on wit. Witch, witsh,s. A woman supposed to be in compact with the devil, who practises sorcery or enchantment; ± a winding, sinuous bank.—7rii£'A-e/w,a kind of elm, the ulmus montana, properly wych-elm. — W^ch-tinzel, a shrub, the hamamelis virginien, which noYvers lU autumn when its leaves are falling; the witch-eliu- or wych-elm. — v.a. To bewitch ; to fascinate. . „ , Witchcraft, icUsh'-kraft, s. The practices of witches sorcery ; enchantments ; power move than natural. AVitched, ictis/i’d, ppr. of the verb fo AVitchery, witsh'-er-e, 8. Sorcery; enchanment, fascination. . Witching, witsh'-ing, a. Suited to enchantmuit ot WiTE,i wite, v.a. To reproach ; to blame. — is. Hlame; reproach. WirELEss,$ MJite'-Zes, a. Blameless. * Witenagemotb, wit'-e-nd-ghein-ote, s. (Sax ) A meeting of wise men; the national council or legislature ol England, in the days of the Saxons. AVith with, prep. By, noting cause, instrument oi meaiis; on the side of, noting friendship or favour in opposition to; noting comparison ; in the society of; in connexion ; in mutual dealing ; in partnership in consent, noting parity of state.—TTifAi and tp ai« closely allied; but m general, with denotes the m struinent or agent; as, he slew him with liis sword he died by poison.—With, in coxnposUtont signihet sometimes opposition, privation departure. or separalioft. WITHAL [ 878 ] WONDER ?ViTHAL, toith-awVf ad. With the rest; together with ,• likewise ; at the same time. ^ViTHAMiTB, with-am'-itej 8. A red mineral, a yariety of epidote. Withdraw, y.a. To take away what has been enjoyed ; to take from; to recall. [treat, — v.n. To quit a company or place ; to retire ; to re WiTHDRAWER, with-draw'-er, 8. One who bereaves. Withdrawino-room, tvith~drato'~ing-rooin,s. A room behind another room for retirement; a drawing-room WiTHDRAWMENT, witfx-draw'-meutf ) s. The act of with Withdrawal, j drawing,or taking hack i a recalling from a certain position. V/iTHDRAWN, with-drawn', pp. of the verb to withdraw. Withe, with, s. A willow twig; a band consisting of a tTV'ig, or twigs twisted. WiTHED, witht, a. Bound with a withe. Wither, with'-er, v.n. To fade; to lose its native fresh¬ ness ; to become sapless; to dry: to waste; to pine fiway. -- v.a. To cause to fade and become dry. WiTHER-BAND, xoith'-cT-band, s. A piece of iron laid under a saddle, near a horse’s withers. Withered, with'~erd, pp. or a. Paded ; dried; shrunk —8. Witheredness. Witherinqlt, ad. In a manner tend ing to witner, or came to slurink. [of baryta. WiTHBRiTE, with'-er-ite, s. In min., a native carbonate WiTHBRLOCK, with'-er-lok, s. That lock of the mane of a horse which the rider takes hold of when mounting. W'lTHERNAM, s. In law,Q. second or re¬ ciprocal writ or distress: reprisal. Withers, with'-ers, s.pl. The junction of the shoulder- bones of a horse, at the bottom of the neck. Withheld, with-held', pret. and pp. of the verb to withhold. [to hinder, w ithhold, wxth-hoald', v.a. To hold back; to restrain • W ITHII0LDEH,J with-hoaV-dn. Old particle of withheld. W n’HHOLDER, tvith-hoal'-der, s. One who withholds. WiTHHOLDMENT, with-hoald'-ment, s. Act of withhold- mg. \V THIN, with-in', prep. In the inner part, in the limits or compass ofj not beyond; not reaching to anything external; not later than; in the reach of; not exceeding ; in the house ; in any enclosure. — ad. In the inner part; inwardly; internally ; in the mind. WiTHiNsiDB, with-in'-side, ad. In the inner parts. Without, with-owV, prep. Not with ; in a state of de stitution or absence from ; beyond; not within • indc pendent of, not by the use of; on the outside of: un¬ less ; except. — ad. Not on the inside ; not within ; out of doors. WiTaouTEN,$ ioith-owfn, ad. Without. Withstand, with-st(md', v.a. To oppose ; to resist. WiTHSTANDBR, wxthstand'-er, s. One who opposes ; an opponent; a resisting power. ITHSTOOD, with-stud', pp. of the verb to withstand. W With-vine', with’-vme;~\ s. A local name for the vvith-wine, with-wine, j couch-grass. VV ITHWIND, with'-wine'd, s. A plant of the class con- mtvulus (Local.) [or twi". Witht, wtfli'-e s. A large species of wlUow: a Tritlfe — a. Made of withes; like a withe : flexible and tough. ■" ITLESS, wit'-Us, a. Destitnte of wit or understand- mg ; inconsiderate ; wanting thought; indiscreet: not under the guidance of judgmentad. WitUsshj ; — 8. tVitlessness. WIIEINO, Wit’ -ling, 8. A person who has Uttle wit or ■understanding; a pretender to wit. Witness, ic.r-nss, s. Testimony ; attestation of a fact or event, that which furnishes evidence or proof • a person who knows or sees anything; one person¬ al^ present; one who sees the execution of an in- 8timment,and subscribes it; one who gives testimonv. — rt effectually ; with great force — v.a. To see or know by personal presence; to at¬ test , to give testimony to ; to testify to something • to see the execution of an instrument.—In the imver- nttvt mood, tee, in evidence or proof. ~'®.n. To bear testimony ; to give evidence. Witnessed, w%t -nest^ pp. of the verb to witness. of bh^ker^®^^ a superior kind ^W-ted, a. Having wit or understanding. f .®®”tence or phrase which w anectedly witty; a low kind of wit. 1 Wittily, wit'-te-le, ad. With wit; with a delicate turn or phrase; ingenicusly; cunningly; artfully. WiTTiNEss, wit'-te-nes, s. The quality of being witty. Wittingly, ad. Knowingly; with know¬ ledge. Wittol, wif-tol, 8. A man who knows his wife’s in« fidelity and submits to it; a tame cuckold;—ad. Wittolly. Witty, wit'-te, a. Possessed of wit; full of wit; judicious ; ingenious ; inventive ; acute ; smart. Witwall, wit-wawl, s. A bird, the golden oriole also the great spotted woodpecker. Wive,4: ivive, v.n. To marry. — v.a. To match to a wife ; t to take for a wife. WivEHOOD, wive'-hvliich is T?70roEEEE [ 879 ] WOED by novelty; that which excites sit^rise; a strange t&mg; a prodigy; anything mentioned with sur¬ prise; a miracle.— Wo^xder-ni'nMrik^ struck with won¬ der, admiration, and surprise. — Wonder-working, doing wonders or surprising things — v-n- To be affected by surprise or admiration WoNDRBSR, MJun' der~er, 8- One who wonders. ■WoKDBRFDL, wuW-der-ftil^ a. Adapted to excite wonder or admiration , strange ; astonishingad. iVonder- fully ;—8 Woiider/ulness. WoNDBRiNo, wun'-der-ing, ppr. or a. Indulging or feeling wonder;—ad. Wonaeringly. ^ [ment. WoMDBRMENT, wniV-der-menty s. Surprise ; astouish- "WoNDRODB, wun'-drw, a. Admirable; marvellous; such as may excite surprise. — ad. in a wonderful or sui-prising degree. WoNDRousLT, toxin'-drus-Uy ad. In a strange or won¬ derful manner or degree. Wont, xooant, a contraction of will not, that is, xvill not, 'WonT, wunt, a. Accustomed; habituated; using or doing customarily. — Js. Custom; habit; use. —$ v.n. To be accustomed or habituated; to be used. WONTBO, wunt'-ed, pp. or a. Accustomed ; used ; made familiar by use. . WoNTBDNESs, uiunt'-ed-nes, s. The state of being accus¬ tomed. , WoNTLEss^: wunt'-les, a. Unaccustomed ; unused. Woo, woo, v.a. To coiu-t; to solicit in love ; to invite with importunity, — v.n. To couiii; to make love. Wood, wdbd, •. A large and thick collection of trees ^ a forest; the substance of trees, or the solid part wluch lies beneath the bark; trees cut or sawed tor the nre ; timber; trees cut for architectural purposes.—In Scripture, an idol.—Wood forms a prefix to a variety of compounds, as Wood-anemone, a plant, anemone nemorosa.—Wood-ant, a large ant living in society m woods and forests, and constructing large nests.— Wood-ashes, the remains of burned wood or plants.— Wood-bine, the honey-suckle.—TTood-tound, encum¬ bered with tall, woody hedgerows.-TTood-c/iai, a species of butcher-bird or shrike.—IKdod-c/ioir, song¬ sters in a wood.— Wood-coal, charcoal; also lignite or browncoal.—ITood-cra/^, skill and practice in shoot¬ ing and other sports in the -woods. —Wood-mt, an engraving on wood.— Wood-cutter, a person who cute •^ood a decoction or infusion of medi¬ cinal woods.—iUood-«c?»o, an echo from the wood.— Wood-engraving, the art of engraving on wood; phy ; an engraving on wood.—>rooa-/rrfter, xylography; —© —■ ■-r,- , . ' ^ ' an insect or worm that eats wood.— Wood-god, & preten¬ ded sylvan deity.—Wood-hole, a place in which wood is laid up.—iroo(i-/iou«e,ahou8e or shedm which wood is deposited and sheltered from the weather.—TT ood- la 7 id land covered with wood; a soil which, from its humidity and colour, resembles the soil in woods.— Wood-lark, a. bird,a species of lark, the alattda arborea. — Wood-layer, a young oak or other timber-plant^ Wood-lock, in thip-huxlding, a piece of elm, m the throating or score of the pintle, to keep the rudder from rising.— Wood-louse, an insect, the m^eped.— Wood-metl, a coarse, hairy stuff made of Iceland wool, used to line the ports of ships of war.—W ood- mite a smaU insect found in old wood.—Wood-motiger, a wood-*e:\leT.—Wood-mote, the ancient name of the forest court. — Wood-tnghtshade, a pi^t, woody nightshade.—TTood-note, wild music.-irood-rtympA, a fabled goddess of the woods; a dryad.-ITood- ofertng, wood burned on the Wood-opal. b. striped variety of coarse opal.—the ring-dove. - Wood-puceron, a small insect wMch nenetraies into wood.— W<’Od-reeoe, the steward or jTcrseer of a wuoi.. —Wood-rock, a compat't .aricty of isbestus.- Wood-roof, a plant of the genus asperula adornta.—Wood-sage, a plant found m woods, iew- trium $corodo7iia, liaring the smell of garlic.—Jrood- tare a kind of froth seen on herbs, froth-spit; ouckoo-spit.—Jfood-stTew, the ordinary screw made of iron, mr uniting pieces of wood.—^wd-sere, the time when there is no sap in a tree.— Wood-sh^k, a. North American quadruped, of the weasel triM.— Wood-soot, ioot from burned wood, which haa been found useful as a manure.—ITood-sorrri, a plant of the genus oxalis, having an acid taste.—Wood-spxte, a name given to the green woodpecker.—a striped variety of horn-stone^ somewhat resembling^ wood in appearance ni-BtUllC, -TTood-^n, a nodular variety of oxide of tin, of a brown colour.—TKood-u»ard, an officer of the forest, whose duty is to guard the W’oods. — Wood-wash, Wood-toax, or Wood-waxeti, names applied to dyer’s broom, or dyer’s weeds genista tinctoria. — Wood-work, that part of any struc¬ ture which is wrought of wood.— Wood-worm, a. worm that is bred in wood. — J a. Mad ; furious. — v.a. To supply or get supplies of wood. WooDCHucx, w(Sb(lf-t^uk,s. The name of a rudent; a burrowing quadruped, a species of the tyiarmot. Woodcock, wdtd'-kok, s. A bird allied to the snipes.- Woodcock-shell, a name given to the sheUs of certain mollusks of the genus murex. Wooded, wdbd'-ed, a. Supplied or covered with wood. Wooden, wo'od'n, a. Made or consisting ed wood, clumsy ; awkward. Woodless, wo'Od'-les, a. Destitute of woods. H ood- 'Woooh'i, wo'bd'-le, ad. Madly. WooDMA.>, wdbd'-iiian, a. A forest officer; a sportsman a hunter ; one who cuts down trees. WooDNEss,^ u'ot)£f'-ne«, 6. Auger; madness; rage. Woodpecker, wdbd'-pek-er, s. The name of immerous species of scansorial birds, of the genus picxxs. WoouwoRT, wdbd'-wxiA't, s. The common iiama of })lanta of the genus stachys. Woody, wdbd'-e, a. Abounding with or consisting ot wood; ligneous; sylvan. — iroody fibre consists of slender membranous tubes, tapering at each end, in the tissue of plants.— Woody-nightshade, a plant bitter-sweet, scnamim dulcamara. Wooer, woo'-er, s. One who courts or solicits in love , a suitor or lover. Woof, woof, s. The threads that cross the warp i-a weaving , the weft; texture; cloth. WooFv, woof'-e, a. Having a close texture; dense. WooiNGLV, woo'-ing-le, ad. Enticingly; with persua¬ siveness ; BO as to Invite to stay. WooL,uJd&Z,8. That soft species of hair which grows on sheep and other animals, which in fineness some¬ times approaches to fur ; short, thick hair.—In boty a sort of pubescence, or a clothing of dense, cimtog hairs, on the surface of certain plemts.—Wool-ball, a ball or mass of wool found in the stomach of glieep. — Wool-comber, one whose occupation is to comb wool.— Wool-driver, one who buys wool and carries it to market.— Wool-gathermg, a terui applied to a vagrant or idle exercise of tlie imagination — Wool-grower, a person who raises sheep for the pro¬ duction of wool.— Wool-pack, a pack or bag of wool, anything bulky without weight.—fTooi-.ack, a sack or bag of wool; the seat of tlie lord chancellor in the House of Lords.— Wool-staple, a city or town where wool used to be brought to the king's staple for sale. -Wool-stiipler, one who deals In wool.—ITooi-trade, the trade in wool.—Wool-winder, & person employed to wind or make up wool into bundles, to be packed for sale. WooLD, woold, v.a. To wind a rope round a mast or yard, where it has been fished or secured. ^VooLDED, xooold'-ed, pp. Kouud fast round with ropes. WoninER, woold'-er, s. A stick used in woolding. WooLniNo, wooiii'-»np, a. The act of winding, as a rope round a mast. ■WooirEL, wm'-fel, 8. A skin not stript of the wool. ■WooLLEE, a. Made or consisting of wool. — s. Cloth made of wool.—Woollen-draper, one who deals in woollen goods. •WooiLiKBss, wM'-e-nes, s. The state of being woolly. WoouLT, wdbi’-le, a. Consisting ot or resembling wool clothed with wool.—In hot., clothed with a pubes- cence resembling wool.— u voUy-lemur, a (juiulru- manous animal, the lemur layiizer of naturalists.— Woolly-iiastinum, a name given to a species of red orpime.nt or arsenic. „ , , •W00LW1.RD4 wdbl'-ward, ad. In wpol.—To go woolward, was to wear woollen next the skin, as a penance. Woop, » A bird. S«« Whoop. Woos, WOOS, 8 A plant ; a seawt ed. TyooTS, woot%, 8- A kind of steel impf>rted from Bengal, peculiarly excellent for some cutting instrumeiiU. Word wurd, t. An articulate or vocal sound, or a com()ination of articulate and vocal sounds, uttered by the human voice, and by cuttom expressing an idea or ideas: a term; a short discourse; talk; diB- course; verbal contention ; language; living speech , oral expression; promise; engagement; order; command ; account; tiding*; message: WOEDED [ 8S0 ] WOEEYINGLY j'stloji, purpose expressed; divine reyelatlon, or any part of it, as the word of God; a motto; a short sentence, a proverb.—^ good word, commendation.— In xcord, in declaration only.— Word-catcher, one who cavils at words. -1 v.m To dispute. — v.a. To express in words. fVoRDED, wiird‘-ed, pp. Expressed in words. vV’oRDEit4 icur'-der, s. A speaker. Wordily, wur' de le, ad. In a verbose or wordy manner. [abounding with words. Wordiness, wuy-de-nes, g. l%e state or quality of Wording, wurd'-ing, s. The act or manner of ex¬ pressing in words. WoRDi8H,$ lourd’-ish, a. Respecting words. WoRuiSHNEssjj wwi'^-dish-nes, s. Manner of wording. Wordless, wiird'-les, a. Not using words ; not speak- OKDT. «7Mrcr-e, a. Using many words; Terbose ; full of words. Wore, wore, pret. of the verb to wear. Work, lonrk, v.n , pret. and pp. worked or wrought. To labour, to be occupied in performing manual labour , to carry on operations; to operate ; to carry on business ; to produce effects by action or influence; to act or operate on the stomach and bowels, as a cathai*tic; to labour ; to strain ; to move heavily, to be tossed or agitated; to enter by w’orking.— To work on, to act on ; to influence. —To xvork up, to make vray.— To work to windward, among seamen, to sail or ply against the wind. - v.a. To move; to stir and mix; to form by labour; to shape, or manufacture; to manage; to lead; to produce by action, labour, or exertion; to embroider; to direct the movements of, by adapting the sails to the wind, to put to labour; to exert; to cause to ferment, as Uquor.— To work out to effect by labour and exertion ; to solve.— To work up ; to raise; to excite ; to expend in any w’ork, as materials. 8. An exertion of strength for accomplishing some end or object; manual labour; state of labour ; em¬ ployment ; occupation ; production ; achievement; that which is made or done; embroidery ; flowers or figures wrought with the needle; any fabric or ma¬ nufacture , the matter on which one is at work; some important deed ; operation ; effect; that which proceeds from agency; management; treatment, that wliich is produced by mental labour ; a composi¬ tion ; a book.— Works, in the plural, walls, trenches, and the like, made for fortifications.—In theology, moral duties or external performances, as distinct from grace.—To set to work, or to set on ivork, to em¬ ploy ; to engage in any business.—TTorA-ftap, a lady’s reticule, or bag for holding Work-fellow, one engaged in the same work with ojiGlher.—Work-folk, persons that labour.— Work-house, a house in which the destitute poor of a parish are lodged at the public exponse; a house where any manufacture is carried on.— Work-master, the performer of any work.— W^k-table, a small table, containing drawers and other conveniences for ladies, in respect to their needlework.— Work-woman, a woman who performs any work , or one skilled in needlework. Workable, wurk'-d-bl, a. Capable of being worked, as a metal. ’ WoiiKED, uurkt, pp. of the verb to work. [forms. Worker, wurk*-er, s. One who works; one who per- >> ORKiNo, uJMrA'-ino, ppr. or a. Moving; operating. — 8. The act of labouring; fermentation; movement; operation. WORKINO-DAY. 8. A day on which work IS performed, as distinguished from the Sabbath festivals, &c. — a. Plodding, hard-working. Workman, wurk'-man, 8. Any man employed in labour.-Ry way of eminence, a skilful mtincer or labourer [formed. wurk’-mnn-like, a. Skilful; well per- WoRKMANLT, wurk'-man-le, a. Skilful; well performed, ad. In a skilful manner; in a manner becoming a workman. Workmanship, wurk'-man-ship, s. Manufacture ; some- particularly by manual labour ; that wmch 18 effected, made, or procured; the skill of a ^workman; the an of w'orking. Workshop, wurk'-shop, s. A shop where any manu¬ facture is carried on. W04iky-da.t4 wurk'-«-da, s. A day not the Sabbath World, wurld, s. The earth; the terraqueous globe ; the heavens, as the upper tt'orW; system of beings; present state of existence; a secular life , the attrac¬ tions, enjoyments, and cares of the present life ; public life or society; business or trouble of life; a great multitude or quantity ; mankind , people in general; course of life, as to begin the world; uni¬ versal empire ; the customs and manners of men; the practice of life; the principal nations or countries of the earth ; a lai^e tract of country ; a wide com¬ pass of things; the inhabitants of the eai th ; the human race; the carnal state or corruption of the earth ; the ungodly part of the world ; time, as world without end. —In the world, in po.ssibility. —For all the world, exactly.— World-haraened, hardened by the love of worldly things. Worldliness, wurld'-le-nes , 8. A predominant passion for obtaining the good things of this life; covetous¬ ness; addictedness to gain and temporal enjoyinents. ■Worldling, MJuHd'-iiny, s. A person whose soul is set upon gaining temporal possessions; one devo-ued to tliis world and its enjtwments. Worldly, wurld-le, a. Pertaining to this world or life, in contradistinction to the life to come, secular; temporal; devoted to this life and its enjoyments; bent on gain.— Worldly-minded, to the ac¬ quisition of property and to temporal enjoymeats ; — s. Worldly-mindedntss. — ad. With relation to this life. Worm, wur7n, b. Any small, creeping animal or repli;?-, cither entirely without feet or with very short oin;.-, including a great variety of animals of differcni classes and orders, as the blind-worm, grubs, cater¬ pillars, and other larvag of insects, the glow-worm, the tape worm, and other intestinal worms or entozoa, the earth-worm, &c.; a spiral, worm-like instrument, used for drawing wads and cartridges from cannon and small amis; something spiral, vermiculated, or resembling a worm, as the threads of a screw.—In chem. and distil., a spiral, metallic pipe placed in a tub of water, through which the vapour passes in distillation, and in which it is cooled and condensed ; a small, worm-like part, situated beneath a dog's tongue.—.Ftp., remorse ; that which incessantly gnaws the conscience; that which torments; a being de¬ based and despised.— Worm-eaten, gnawed by worms old; worthless.—IForm/mce, a zigzag fence, made by placing the end of the rails upon each other.— Woimi-grass, a plant of the genus spigelia, used as a vermifuge.^ )Forwi-Ao/e, a hole made by the gnawing of a worm.— Wor^n-powder, a powder used for ex¬ pelling worms from the stomach and intestines.— Worm seed, a seed which has the property of ex¬ pelling worms; a species of chenopodium.— Worm- ti7icture, a tincture prepaied from earth-worms dried, pulverised, and mixed with oil of tartar, spirit cf castor, and saffron. — v.n. To work slowly, gradually, and secretly. — v.a. To expel or undermine by slow and secret means; to cut something, called a tcorwi, from under the tongue of a dog, to draw the wad or carti’idge from a gun , to clean by the woim; to wind a rope spirally round a cable, between the strands; or to wind a smaller rope with spun-yarn.—To loorw one t self i7iio, to enter gradually by arts and insinuations. n ORMED, wurvid, pp. or a. Cleared by a worm or screw Worming, toMrw'-tng, s. Act or operation of cutting a worm-like ligament from under a dog's tongue. Worm-like, loorm'-itAe, a. Resembling a worm; ver¬ micular ; spiral. Worm-wood, ti'Mrw'ioobd, 8. A plant of a bitter, nau¬ seous taste, the arteynisia absinthium. WoRM\, wurm'-e, a. Containing a worm; abounding with woims; earthy, groveling Worn, woam, pp. of the verb to wear. WoRN-ocT, woarn'-oivt, pp. or a. Consumed or rendered useless by wearing. [of cow.s. WORNIL, wawr'-nil, a. A maggot that infests tee backs Worrel, wor'-rel, s. An animal of the lizard kind found in Egypt. Worried, wur'-rid, pp. Harassed ; fatigued. Worrier, wur'-re-er, s. One who worries or harasses. Worry, wur'-re, v.a. To tease; to trouble; to harass with importunity, or with care and anxiety; to fatigue ; to harass by pursuit and barking; to tear ; U mangle with the teeth ; to vex ; to persecute brutally wur'-re-ing-le, ad. Tcasingly; WOESE [ SSI ] WEECK WoitsE, Thecomparaliyeof a8»«>wag,wor«i, more evil; more depraved and corrupt.—In path., more sick; more bad ; less perfect or good. — ad. In a manner more evil or bad. — s. Sonething less good; as, I think not the worse of him for that djsadvantage or loss. ■Worse, t wurse, 1 v.a. or v.n. To put to disadvantage; Worsen, t u'urs'n, | to become worse. ^V'oRSENJ$ mirs’jif v.a. To worse. — v.n. To become worse. WoiisER, u.'Mr'-ser, a. A vulgar coiTuption of Worship, ■wnr'-skip, s. Excellence of character ; dig¬ nity ; worth; worthiness, a title of honour, used in addresses tvrong in opinion or principle ; having a perverse understanding.— perverseness; erroneousness.— Wrong-t%7ned, done at an improper time. — s. Whatever deviates from moral rectitude; any injury done to another; a trespass; a violation of right.— Wrongs are public or private. Private wro7ig8, as defined by Elackstone, are civil injuries, immeai ately affecting individuals ; pwWic wro7igs are crimes and misdemeanours which affect the community. — ad. Not rightly , amiss ; morally ill ; erroneously. — v.a. To L^ure ; to treat with injustice ; to deprive of some right,or to withhold some act of justice from; to do ir^iustice to by imputation ; to impute evU un- .lusuy WRONGED, ro7ig'd, pp, or a. T'l’eated unjustly ; injured. Wronger, ro7ig'-er, s. One who injures another. Wrongful, rong'-ful, a. Injurious; unjust; conti'ary to moral law or justice.—ad. Wroyigfnlly. [one. WronglbsslvjJ ad. TVit'hout injury to any Wronglt, i’07iff-le, ad. In a "^vrong manner; unjustly. Wrongness, ron/-nes, s. Wrong disposition ; error. Wrote, rote, pret. of the verb to write. Wroth, rawih, a. Very angry ; much exasperated. Wrought, rawt, pret. and pp. or a., from work. Worked; formed by work or labour; di’iven; actu¬ ated ; fonned , fitted ; agitated ; disturbed.— Wroxight- i7-07i, malleable iron deprived of its carbon.— Wrought on, infiuenced; prevailed on.—W7‘ought to, excited; infianFed. Wrung, ru7ig, pret. and pp. of the verb to wring. Wry, ri, a. Twisted; turned to one side; distorted; wrested ; perverted. —X v.n. To be writhed or distorted. — i v.a. To distort; to wrest. Wry-neck, ri'-7iek, s. A twisted or distorted neck; a disease oi the spasmodic kind, in sheep. — In omith.. a small bird of the eastern continent, related to the woodpeckers. Wry-necked, rt'-7iekt, a. Having a distorted neck. WETNESS [ 883 ] TAWNINa Wetness, ri'-7ies, s. The state of being Tvry or distorted. Wych-elm, witch’-ehn, s. A species of the elm, the xdmuB mwitana. Wtnd, ftJme’d, 8. A narrow lane or alley. Wyvern, u'i'-vern,s. Aland of flying serpent, some¬ times represented in coats of arms X. Xtloptroqraphy, %ulo~per-og'-ra-/ei e. The art Of practice of engraving on charred wood. Xtncecia, zt-ne'-sAed, s. An Athenian festival. Xyphirrhynchds, zi-fir-ringh' us, s. A family of fishea, of which the swordfish is the type. Xyphosdra, zi-fo-zu'-rat s. In tcnth.y a family of tnostraca. - XT8T,zt«<, J s. In a?ici€7it arch., a. long and open, Xtbtos, zitf-to8, f or sometimes covered, court, with porticos for athletic exercises. 'bones. Xyster, ziV-ier, s. A surgeon’s instrument for scraping X ls the twenty-fourth letter of the English alphabet. In the middle and at the end of words it has the sound of As, as in wax, lax, luxury. At the beginning of a word it has precisely the sound of z. It is used as an initial only in a few words borrowed from the Greek. As a numeral. X stands for ten; when hori¬ zontal, for 1,000; a dash over it, for ten thousand. As an abbreviation, X. stands for Christ, as .in Xn., Christian. Xangte, za7ig'-te, s. The name of the Supreme Being among the Chinese. Xanthian, zan'-the-ayi, a. Pertaining to or brought from Xanthus ; as the Xanthian marUes iuthe British Museum. Xanthic, za7i'-thik, a. Tending toward a yellow colour. Xanthic-acid, an acid consisting of bisulphuret of carbon, water, and oxide of ethyl, or ether.—Xan^Aic- oxid, a brown substance composing a urinary calculus. Xanthid, zan'-thid, s. A supposed compound of xantho- gen and some element. Xanthidium, za7i-thid' -e-U7n, s. A name given to some of the minute organic bodies in the fiiut and chalk of England, supposed to be fossil infusoria. Xanthine, zaii'-thin, s. The yellow dyeing matter con¬ tained in madder. Xanthite. zan'-ihite, s. A light-gray or yellow mineral whose con.stitiieiits are silica, alumina, lime, peroxide of iron, and manganese, Xanthogen, zun'-tho-jen, s. A supposed acidifying and basifyini? compound principle, considered to be analo¬ gous to cyanogen, and believed to consist of sulphur and carbon. Xanthosia, zan~tho'-se~d, s. A genus of plants covered with yellow down. Xanthopicrine, zan-tho-pila, i t»..i8» mil .1. Y. T the twenty-fifth letter of the English alphabet, la j taken from the Greek t. At the beginning of words, it is called an articulatio7i or cojisonafit. In the middle and at the end of words, y is precisely the same as i. It is sounded as i long, when accented, m in defy, rely; and as * short, when unaccented, as in vayiity. At the beginning of words, y answers to the German and Dutch >. Yacht, yot, s. A light and elegantly furnished vessel, used either for private parties of pleasure, or as a vessel of state to convey princes, &c., from one place to another. [in a yacht Yachting, yof-uig, s. Sailing on pleasure excursions Yachter, yot'-ter, s. One engaged in sailing a yacht. Yager, yd'-ger, s. One belonging to a body of light infantry armed with rifles. Yahoo, yA'-hoo, 8. A name given by Swift, in one of his satires, to a race of brutes having the form and ail the degrading passions of man. Yax, yak, 8. A species of ox found in central Asia. Yam, yarn, s. A large esculent tuber or root of various climbing plants, of the genus dioscorea, growing in tropical climates. plum. Yamboo, yo7n'-boo, s. A plant which produce's fruit like Yanxbe, s. The popular name of the jUnerienn citizens of New Englaiid, but applied indiscrimin¬ ately to the inhabitants of the United States. Yakolite, yayi'-^o-lite, s. A mineral, whose crystals re¬ semble an axe. Yap,$ yap, v.n. To bark like a cur. Yapon, yap'-xin, s. The cassine^ or South Sea tea ; an evergreen plant of the genus tlex. Yard, yard, s. A measure of three feet or thirty-six inches ; a small, Inclosed place in front of or around a house or bam.—In ships, a long, slender piece of timber, nearly cylindrical, suspended upon the mast, by which a sail is extended. — Dock-yard, a place where ships are laid \xp.—Priso7i-yard, an inclosure about a prison, or attached to it.— Yard-arm, either half of a ship’s yard, from the centre or mast to the end.—Yarrf-sitcA, a stick, three feet in length, used as a measure of cloth, &c.— Yard-waiid, a measure of n yard; now yard-stick. — v.a. To confine cattle to the yard. {Local.) Yare,± i/artf, a. Ready ; dextrous; eagerad. t lardy. Yarn, yarn, 8. Spun wool; woollen thread.—In rope- ynakiyig, one of the threads of which a rope is com¬ posed.—Among seamen, a story spun out by a sailor for the amusement of his companions {low). Yabr,± ydr, v.n. To growl or snarl, as a dog. YARRi8H,yar'-ris/i,a Having a rough, dry taste. {Local.) Yarrow, y'dr'-ro, s. A plant of the genus achtllea, tns milfoil, or plant of a thousand leaves. Yataghan, ya»:'-««-yan, s. A long Turkish d^ger. YATE,t yate, s. A gate (still used m the fiorth of Lngl.) Yaulp, ya«^, v.n. To yelp; to cry out like a child. YAwTyaK', v.n. To rise In blisters ; to break in white froth as cane-juice in the sugar-works.—In nor., to steer wild or out of the line of her course, as a ship. Yawl yatcl, s. A small boat, belonging to a ship or other vessel, and usually rowed by Tour or six oars. — v.n. To cry out or howl. Yawn, yawn, v.n To gape ; to oscitatc. to have the mouth open involuntarily, through drowsiness or dullness ; to express desire by yawning. — 8. A gaping; an involuntary opening of the mouth from drowsiness ; oscitation ; an opening wide. Yawned, yawnd, pp. of the verb to yawn. [wiae. Yawnin4, ppr. ora. Gaping; opening YAwmm [ 884 ] YOLK VxWNiNG, a. Sleepy; drowsy; dullad. I'awnmgli/. — 8. The act of gaping or opening wide. Yaws, yaws, s.pl. A disease characterized by cutaneous tumours, numerous and successive ; a fungus excre¬ scence. Y-CL\D,t e-klad', pp. Clad. Y-CLEi'ED,t e-khpt', pp. Called ; named. Y-drad.$ e-drad', pp Dreaded. Ye, ye, pron. The nominative plural of the second person, of which thou is the singular. It is now superseded by you, except in the solemn style. Yea, ye or ya, ad. Yes ; a word that expresses affirma¬ tion or assent; not only so, but more.—In Scripture, used to denote certainty, consistency, and stability. Vead, yeed, v.n. To go ; to march. [sheep ; to lamb. YETy, yeen, v.n. To bring forth young, as a goat or Yeaned, yeend, pp. of the verb to yean. yE.\NLiNo, yren'-iing,^. The ^oung of sheep , a lamb. Year, year, s. A period of time, determined by astro¬ nomical observations, in which the sun moves through the twelve signs of the ecliptic, or whole circle, and retJims to the same point. This is the solar year, which comprehends twelve calendar months, or 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, and 49 7-lOths seconds.—The lunar year is the space of twelve lunar months.— The bissextile, or leap-year, occurs every foui’th year, when Febimai'y has 29 days, instead of 28.—The Sab¬ batic year, among the Israelites, was every seventh year, when their land was suffered to lie imtiJled. The time in which any planet completes a revolution, —The great year is the time in wl^ich tlie fixed stars make a revolution.—I’ears, in the plural, is sometimes equivalent to age or old age ; as, a man in years. Year-book, yeer-bgok, s. A book containing annual reports of cases adjudged in the couits of England. Y’EARED,t yeered, a. Containing years. Yeari.ing, yeer'-ling, s. A young beast one year old. — a. Being a year old ; as, a yearling heifer. Yearly, t/efr'-Ze, a Annual; happening, accruing, or coming every year; lasting a year. — ad. Annually ; once a year. \ EARN, yern, v.n. To be strained ; to be pained or dis¬ tressed , to suffer ; to feel an earnest desire. ;t v.n. To pain ; to grieve ; to vex. \ Ei RNpDL.t yern'-ful, a. Mournful; distressing. Yearning, yern'-ing, ppr. or a. Longing ; liaviug long¬ ing desire ;—ad. 1 earningly. ■— s. /trong emotions of desire, tenderness, or pity. iEAS^, yeest, s. Barm; the foam, froth, or flower of beer or other liijuor in fermentation; any prepara¬ tion used for raising dough for bread, &c. Yeastt, yeastf-e, a. Frothy ; foamy ; spumy ; like yeast. Yelk, yelk, s. The yellow part of an egg; the yolk; the vitellus. Yell, yel, v.n. To cry out with a hideous noise ; to cry or scream, as with agony or horror. — s. A sharp, loud, hideous outcry. Yelling, yeV-ling, ppr. or a. Uttering hideous out¬ cries ; shrieking, — s. The act of screaming hideously. Bellow, yeV-lo, a. Being of a bright colour: of the colour of gold, sulphur, &c. 'S. A bright colour, like that of gold, sulphur, &c., which, after white, reflects more light than any other ^ lorms a prefix to a variety of words, which have received their names from the character¬ istic of colour ; as Yelloiv Bachelor's BtUtons, the double garden variety of tlie plant ranunculus revcjis. } ellotv-btrd, a small singing bird of a rich vellow colour, common in the United States. — tellow- blossomeU, furnished or adorned with yellow flowers — iellow-boy, a gold coin {vtilgar.j—Yelloto.earth, a yellowish clay, coloured by iron.—Yelloti'-fever, a malignant febrile disease of warm climates, which is often attended with yellowness of the sWin.— Yelloto- golds, a flower.— Yelloto-haired, having yellow hair — 1 ellow-hammer, n bird of the genus emberiza ; also caUed the yellow bnntuig.— Yeltow-raUle, the com- nym name of the plants of the genus rhinanthns.— lellow-root, the plant zanthoriza apifolia.—Yellow- Saltan, plant centaurea snaveolens.— Yellow-ivash, a uyion for ulcers, foi-med by the composition of cor¬ rosive sublimate in lime-water. — IWZote-wori, the so named from its dyeing \ i LLowisH, yeV-lo-ish, a. Somewhat vellow. \ VI rowisHNESs, yel'-lo-ish-nes, s. The quality of being so . . what vellow. " Yellowness, yeV-lo-nes, 8. The quality of being yellow $ jealousy. Yellows, yeV-lose, s. A disease of the bile in horses, cattle, and sheep, causing yellowness of eyes. Yelp, yelp, v.n. To bark, as a hound after h.« prey. Yenite, ye'-nite, s. A black or brownish-black mmera. of asubmetallic lustre. Yeoman, yo'-inan, s. A man of respectable class, next below the gentry; a freeholder; an officer in the queen’s household, of a middle rank between a gentle¬ man and a groom.—In ships, an inferior officer under the boat'jwain, gunner, or carpenters, charged with the .stowage and ;(iistribution or the 8tvood or timber. — v.n. To rise, as scum on the brine in boiling at the salt-works. See Yaw. Yewen, yew'-en, a. Made of yew. YEXjt yeks, s. A hiccough. — v.n. To have the hiccough. Yezidbes, yez'-€-dezey8.p\. A small nation bordering on the Euphrates, whose religion is said to be a mixture of the worship of the devil, with some of the doc¬ trines of the Magi, Moliammedans, and Christians. Y FERE,$ e'-feer, ad. Together. Y ield, yeeld, v.a. To produce, as land, stock, oi funds; to give in return for labour, or as profit; to produce, in general; to afford; to exhibit; to allow; to con¬ cede ; to admit to be true; to give, as claimed of right: to pennit; to grant; to give up, as to yield up the ghost; to resign ; to surrender. — v.n. To give up the contest; to submit; to comply with ; to give pkice. — s. Amount yielded : product. Y'ieldable,-!- yeeld'-d-bt, a. That may be given up, or complied with. [ply. YiELDABLENEsSjt veeld'-d-hl-7ies, s. Disposition to com- Yieldance,}: ycela-anse,%. Act of producing; conces¬ sion. Yielded, yeeld'-ed, pp. of the verb to yield. Yielder, yeeld'-er,8. One w'ho yields. [signing. Yielding, yeeld'-ing, ppr. Producing; conceding; re- — a. Inclined to give way or comply ; flexible ; accom¬ modating;—ad. Yieldingly ;—s. Yieldi7xgnei.s. ~ 8. Act of producing ; concession ; submission. Yojan, yo*-ja7i, s. In the East Indies, a measure or dis¬ tance of five miles. Y’oke, yoke, s. A piece of timber, hollowed or made curving near each end, and fitted with bows for re¬ ceiving the necks of oxen , a frame of wood fitted to a person’s shoulders for canying a pail, &c., sus¬ pended on each side ; a mark of servitude ; slavery ; bondage ; a chain ; a bond of connection ; a couple; a pair, as a yoke of oxen; service; a frame at the head of a boat’s rudder, fi-om the end of which are lines by winch the boat is steered.— Y'oke.-elm, a tree, the Var- pinus heUilus, or ho7'7ibeain. — Yoke-fellow or 1 oke-mate, an associate or companion ; a mate ; a marriage partner. — v.a. To put a yoke on; to join in a yoke; to couple, to enslave ; to bring into bondage. Yoked, yoke'd, pp. of the verb to yoke. lOLK, yoke, s. The yolk of an egg fipeYELx). lYn YON [ 885 ] ZSEO aacuious sucrctlon trom the skin o! sheep, which renders the pile soft and pliable; the vit^llus,VL part of the seed of plants, so named from its supposed ana¬ logy to the yelk of an egg. Ton, yon, | a. and ad. Being at a distance YoND,yonrt, within view ; used when point- Yonder, yon’-deTy I Lng at any distant object. lOND.J yond, a. Mad ; turious, or alienated in mind. iONKER, yunk'-er, s. A young fellow. \ 0 EE. yore, ad. Long.—0/ yore, of old time ; long ago, as, in days of yore. You, yoo. The pronoun of the second person, in the nominative or objective case. In the plural, it is used in the solemn style in the objective case ; it is used, like on in French, for any one; as, “ this at a distance looks like a rock; but £is you approach it, you see a little cabin.” Young, yttng, a. Not having been long bom ; being in Uie first part of life ; not old, as a young girl; being in the first part of growth, as a yowny plant; igno¬ rant ; weak ; having little experience. — 8. The offspring of animals, either a single animal, or offspring collectively. Younger, yung’-ger, a. comp. Not so old as another. Youngest, yung'-gest, a. superl. Having the least age. Youngish, yung'-isk, a. Somewhat young. Y’oungling, yung'-ling, s. Any animal in the first part of life. Y'oungly, 4 ^ yuyig'le, a. Youthful. — ad. Early in life ; ignorantl)'. Youngster, yung’-ster, s. A young person ; a lad. Y’odnker,$ yunk'~er, s. A young fellow or a stripling. Y’’our, yoor, prou.a. Belonging to you ; it is used inde¬ finitely; as, ‘•Evei'y true man’s apparel fits your thief.” Yours is used as a substitute for a noun in the nominative or objective. Yourself, yoor-self', pron. ; pi. Y’ourselves. A com¬ pound of your, and sdf, used to express distinction emphatically between you and other persons; as, this work you must do yourself. Youth, yooih, s. The part of life that succeeds to childhood; the stages of life being usually divided into infancy, childhood, youth, and ^nanhood ; a young man ; a young person, male or female ; young persons collectively. Y^outhful, yooth’-fxd, a. Young; pertaining to the early part of life ; suitable to the .^st part of life; full of youth; fresh; vigorous, as in youth;—ad. Youthfully ; —s. Youthfulness. Y’’outhhood,J yooih'-hdbd, s. The state of youth. Yc-uthly,J yooth'-ly, a. Young; early in life. Yowl, yowl^ v.n. To cry out or howl like a dog. {Local.) 'i-riGH*T,j: e-pite', a. Fixed, that is, pitched. Y'ttria., it'-treh, s. A metallic oxide, discovered in 1794. It is a white powder, insipid, insoluble in water, and infusible. [yttria. Y’ttrious, it’-treus, a. Pertaining to or containing Vttrivm, it'-trc-uvi, s. The metallic base of yttria. Yttro-cErite, it'tro-se'-rite, s. A rare mineral, of a violet-blue colour, inclining to gray and white. Y'ttro-columbite, it-tro'ko-lxun'-bite, | s. An ore of co- Y^ttro-tantalite, ii-tro-tan'~ta-lite, j lumbiuni and yttrium,found in Sweden. It occurs of yellow, brown, and black colours. VucK, ywi, v.n. To itch. {Local.) Ycfts, yufts, s. Ilu.ssian leather prepared from ox¬ hides in a p(?cu}iar manner. Vug, yug, 8. In Indian myth., owq of the ages into which tlie Hindoos divide the duration or existence of the world. Y’ulan, yew'-ian, s. A beautiful flowering tree of China ; the magnolia yulnn, Ydle, yewi. s. A name given in many parts of England, and generally in Scotland, to the fe^tival of Christ¬ mas ; whence yule-log, a large log of wood placed on the fire during tlie Christmas merry meetings. Yex.J See Y'ex. r/ is the last letter otthe English alphabet, and merely a vocal S. [coluiii^u. 2accuo, zak'~ko, 8. The lowest part of the pedestal of a Zaffer, zaf'-jir, s. The residuum of cobalt, after ib* sulphur, arsenic, and other volatile matters have been expelled ; impure oxide of cobalt. Zalacca, za-lnk'-kh, s. A fruit-bearing plant of the genus calainxis, a native of Java, supposed to yield the substance called dragon’s blood. Zambo, zam'-bo, s. The child of a negro and a mulatto also, the child of an Indian and a negro. Zamta, zn'-me-d, &. A gesusof plants, possessing ncarlj equal affinities with palms and tree-ferns Z.AMiTE, za'-iiiite, s. A fossil plant of the genus zamia. Zanthoxylum, znn-thoks'-e-lum, s. Tlie tooth-ache tree, ot ^be order Rxisfacece. Zany, za'- te, s. A mer’y-an(b*ew; a buffoon. — X v.a. To mimic. [zanv Zanyism, za'-ne-izm, s. Tlie slate or character of *a Zaphara, zaf'-d-rA, s. A mineral used by potters to produce a sky-colour in their wares. Zapote, zajf-ote, s. In Mexico, the general name of fruits which are roundish, and contain a hard stone. Zarnich, zdr'-nik, s. The native sulphimets of arsenic, realgar, and orpiment. Zax, zax, s. An instrument for cutting slate. Zayat, za'-yat, s. A Burman caravunsary, or resting- place for travellers. Zba, ze'-d, 8. The generic name of maize.—Zeu mays is common Indian corn. Zeal, zrcl, 8. Passionate ardour in the pursuit of any thing; enthusiasm. — X v.n. To entertain zeal. Zealless, zeel'-les, a. Wanting zeal. Zealot, zel'-ut, s. One who engages warmly in any cause, and pui’sues his object with earncstnoss anti ardour. ZEALOTicALjt ze-lot'-e-knlf a. Ardently zealous. Zealotry, zeV-ot-re, s. Behaviour of a zealot. Zealous, zeZ'-MS, a. Warmly engaged or ardent in the pursuit of an object; ardent; vehement; enthusias¬ tic ;—ad. Zealously ; —s. Zenlvusuess. Zkbra, ze'-brd, s. A quadruped of Soutliern Africa, allied to the horse, and nearly as large. It is white, with numerous brownish-black bands. Zecv, ze'-boo,_s. A bovine quadruped, found in India and Northern Africa, ordinarily furnished with a fatly excrescence or hump an the shoulders. Zechin, ze'-kin, s. An Italian gold coin, usually written sequin, which see. Zechstein, zek'-stine, s. (Ger.) A magnesian Kme- stone, inferior in relative position to the lias. Zed, zed, s. The name of the letter Z. Zedoart, zed'-o-d-re, s. A medicinal root, belonging to a plant, curcuma Zf.‘dofirtrt,growing in tlie East ln^iss. Zfadm, ze'-e-de, s.pl. A family of AcanthopterygictJ fishes, of the tribe Microleptes. Zeine, ze'-in, s. The gluten of maize ; a substance of a yellowish colour, soft, insipid, and elastic, procured from Indian corn. Zemindar, zem-in-dar', 8. In India, the holder of a large portion of land under the government. Zemindary, zem'-m-dd-re, s. The jurisdiction of a zemindar. TPeisia ZEND,3enrf,s. A language that formerly prevailed in Zendavesta, zen'-dd-ves-id, s. A sacred book of the Guehres or Parsecs, ascribed to Zoroaster, and rever¬ enced as a bible or sole i-ulc of faith and practice. Zenith, s. That point in the visible celestial hemisphere which is vertical to the spectator, and from which a direct perpendicular line, passing through the spectator, would proceed to the centre of the earth.—Zeriith-sector is an astronomical insirii ment for measuring with great accuracy the disiances from the zenith of stars which pass near that point. Zeolite, ze'-o-/t7e, s. A mineral, or rather a family of minerals, including stilhile, XiatroUte. apophyllite, lecite, launionite, &c. Tlicse minerals are hydnjus silicates of alumina, with some of the earths or alkalies. Zeolitic, ze-o-lit'-ik, a. Pertaining to zeolite; consist¬ ing of or like zeolites. [zeolite. Zeolitiform, a. Having the form of Zf.fhyr, zef'-er, s. The w'est wind: and, poetically, any soft, mild, gentle breeze. [zephyr. Zephyrus, zef'-er-us, s. (Lat.) The west wind or Zerda, zt'»^-dd, s. A canine quadruped of Africa, with large ears. Zero, ze'-ro, 8. (Ital.) Cipher; nothing; the point of a thermometer from which it is graduated.—iJero, in Kcaumur’s and the centigrade themometer, is at tuk ZEST [ 886 ] ZOOPHOEUS freezing point of water; in Fahrenheit’s thermo¬ meter, It 18 placed 32® below this, at about the tem¬ perature of a mixture of salt and snow. Zest, zest, s. tPers.) A piece of orange or lemon-peel, used to give flavour to liquor ; relish ; something that gives a pleasant taste ; or the taste itself. — v.a. To give a relish or flavour to ; to cut the peel of an orange or lemon from top to bottom into thin slips; or to squeeze the peel over the surface of any thing. Zetaj 8 A Greek letter, corresponding to our Z ; a little closet or chamber with pipes running along the walls, to convey into it fresh air. Zetetic, ze-tet'-ic, a. That proceeds by inquiry ; that seeks. Zeticula, ze-tik' s. A small withdrawing-room. Zeugma, zeicg'-mA, s. A figure in grammar by which an adjective or verb which agrees with a nearer word is, by way of supplement, referred also to another more remote. Zeuxite, zewks'-ite, s. A brown mineral, consisting chiefly of silica, ammonia, and protoxide of iron. ZiBET^ zib'-et, 8. A small carnivorous quadruped of India and Africa, closely allied to the civet. Zigzag, zig'~zag, a. Having short turns — s. Something that has sljon turns or angles. In arc*., a moulding running in a zigzag line, hi fort., Zigzags are trenches or paths, with several windings, so cut that the besieged are prevented from enfilading the besieger in his approaches. — v.a. To form with short turns. Zigzagged, zig’-zag'd, pp. Formed with short turns. ZiMENT Water, ztw'-cni-tortw'-fc?’, s. A name given to water found in copper mines; copper water. ZiMOME. See Ztmome. Zinc, zink, s. (Ger.) A metal of a brilliant white colour, with a shade of blue. Natural oxide of zinc is called calamine.—Sulphate of zinc is found efflores¬ cent in the form of stalactites, and is the most abun¬ dant of the zinc ores.—FZotcers of zinc are the oxide of zinc which ascends, when the vessel is heated, in the form of white flow^ers ; sometimes called philosophical 'wool.—Ziyic-atnyle, a colourless transparent liquid composed of amyle and zinc.—Ztnt-hloom, an opaque mineral of e grayish dull lustre, composed of carbonic acid, oxide of zinc, and water.— Zinc-ethyl, a colour¬ less, transparent, and poisonous liquid, consisting of ethyl and z\n.Q,.--Zinco-methyl, a volatile liquid, of a very fetid smell, and consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and ziiiC.—Zinc-xchite, the oxide of zinc used as a pig¬ ment for the same purposes as white lead.— Zinc-plate manufacturer, aprcparer of zincmetal from calamine, blende, and other ores.— Zinc-plate worker, a workman who heats the metal to about 300®, when it becomes malleable and ductile, for rolling into sheets.—Zinc- xoorker, a preparer of zinc for making it into wire. Zinciferous, zxn-sif'-er-us, 1 a. Containing or afford- ZiNCKiFERous, zink-if'-cT-us, / ing zinc. Zincite, Tsin'-site, s. A name for red zinc iron. ZiNCKE, zink, 8. A small hornpipe or whistle of German origin. ZiNCKT, zitik'-e, a. Pertaining to zinc, or naving its appearance. ZiNcoDE, zink^-ode, 8. The positive pole of a galvanic battery. Zincography, zin-kog'-ra-fe, s. The art of drawing upon and printing from plates of zinc; Yvhence Zinc- ographer ;—a. Zincographxcal. ZiNCous, zin'-kus, a. Pertaining to zinc, or to the positive pole of a galvanic battery. ZiNoiBERACE.®, zin-je-ber-df-se-e, 8.pi. A natural order of aromatic herbaceous exogenous plants, of Yvhich the Zingiber, or ginger, is the type. ZiNK-BNiTE, zink'-en-ite, s. A steel-gray ore of antimony and lead. Zion, 8. A hill in Jerusalem, which, after the capture of that city, became the royal residence of David and his successors^ hence Church of God. Zircon, z&t'-kun. s. A mineral containing the earth zirconia and silica, occurring in square prisms, w'ith pyramidal terminations, of a brown or gray colour, and often nearly transparent. Zirconia, zer-ko*-ne-h, s. An oxide of the metal zir¬ conium, resembling alumina in appearance. ZiacoNiTE, zer'-ko-nite, s. A variety of the zircon. ZiRcoNitTM, zer'-ko-ne-um, s. The metallic base of Birconia; commonly in the form of a black powder. ZivoLA, zW 0 lA, s. A bird resembling the yellow hammer. Zizania, ztz-d^-ne-&, 8 . The botanical name of Canada rice, of the order Graminacece. ZizBL, ziz'-el, s. A rodent animal; the souslik or earless marmot. ZoANTHROPT, zo-an'-thro-pe, s. Monomania, in which the patient believes himself transformed into one of the lower animals. ZoARCHiD.®, zo-dr'-ke'de, s.pl. A family of the Acan- thoptervgious fishes, of which the Zoorchus is the type. Zocco, zok'-ko, is. In arch., a square body under ZocLE, \ tbe base of a pedestal, &c., serv- ZoccoLo, zo*'-fto-?o, j ing for the support of a bust, column, or statue. Zodiac, zo'-de-ak. s. A broad circle in the heavens, containing the twelve signs through which the sun passes in its annual course. The ecliptic divides it in the middle ; a girdle. Zodiacal, zo'-de-d-kal, a. Pertaining to the zodiac.— Zodiacal light, a luminous track, of an elongated triangular figure, lying nearly in the ecliptic. ZoFRA, zo'-frd, 8 . A kind of Moorish noor-cloth or carpet. ZoHAR, z&-har, s. (Heb). A Jewish book of cabalistic commentarieslon Scripture. ZoiATRBA, zoy^a*-tre-d, s. In path., the treatment of the diseases of the lower animals. ZoiLizK, z9'-il-izm, s. Illiberal or carping criticism, like that of Zoilusa. Zoilean. ZoisiTE, z(/-i8-ite, s. A grayish variety of epidote. ZoLL, zol, s. (Germ.) A toll or customs duty. ZoLLVEREiN, zol'-ver-inc, 8- (Germ.) A commercial union of States for establishing a uniform rate of customs. ZoNATE, zo'-nate, a. In bot., having ;a dark belt in the shape of a horse-shoe, as in the pelargoniunj. Zone, zoxie^ s. A girdle.—In geog., a idivision of the earth with respect to the temperature of different latitudes; there being five zones, the torrid, two temperate, and two frigid zones.—In nat. 7mi.,aband or stripe running round any object; circuit; cir¬ cumference. Zoned, zone'd, a. Wearing a zone; having zones or concentric bands. Zoneless, zone'-les, a. Not having a zone. ZoNNAR, zon'~nar, s. A belt or girdle, which the Chris dans and Jews in the Levant are obliged to wear, to distinguish them from the Mohammedans. Zonule, zo'-netvl, s. A little zone. ZoocHOMv, zo-okf-o-me, s. That science which pertains to animal chemistry;—ad. Zoochemical. [tion. ZooGENY, zo-o?'-e-7ie, 8 . The doctrine of animal forma- ZooGRAPHER, zo-og'-ra-fer, 8 . One who describes ani¬ mals, their forms and habits. ZooGRAPHicAL, zo-o-gruf-e-kal, a. Pertaining to the description of animals. ZoooRAPHY, zo-og'-raf-e, s. A description of animals, their forms and habits. ZooLATRY, zo-oU’d-tre, s. The worsliip of animals. ZooLiTE, zo'-o-lite, s. An animal substance, petrified or fossil. ZooLiTHOLooi, a© o tx-thoV-O’je, s. A treatise on fossil animal r^-m^ns. ZooLooiCA zo-o-lof-e-kal, a. Pertaining to zoology ;— ad. Zoologically, according to the principles of zoinbgy. Zoologist, zo-oV- o-jist, s. One who is well versed in the natural history of animals, or who describes animals. Zoology, zo-ol'-o-je, s. That part of natural history which treats of the structure, habits, classification, and habitations of ail animals, from man to the lowest of all the tribes. ZooMORPHisM, zo-o-maivr'-fizm, 8 . The transformation of human beings into beasts. [animals. ZooNic, zo-on’-ik, a. Pertaining to or obtained from ZooNOMY, zo-on'-o-me, s. The laws of animal life, or the science which treats of the phenomena of animal life, their causes and relations. Zoopathology, zoo-pd-thol'-o-je, s. The doctrine of the . diseases of animals. ZooPHAGON, zo-of'-d-gon,s. An animal that feeds oa animal food; a carnivorous quadruped. ZooPHAGous, zo-o/'-rt-grws, a. Feeding on animals. ZooPHiTE. See Zoophy'te. ZooPHORic, zo-o-for'-ik, a. In dreh., applied to a column which supports the figure of an animal. ZooPHORUs, zo-of'-o-rus, 8 . In ancient arch., the same with the frieze in modem architecture; a part be¬ tween the architrave and cornice ; so called from the figures of animals carved upon it. ioorHisioLooT, zo^o-fiz-e’OV^o-jCi a. Animal physiology. Zoophyte, ao'-o-^ic, 8, A term applied to simple polyps and componiia individuals consisting of many polyps united together, thus forming the connecting link between plants and animals, as corals, sponges, &c. ZoopHTTic, zo-Q'fiif-ik. a. Pertaining to zoophytes. ZoopHYTOLooY, zo-o-fe-tol'-o~je, 8. Natural Wstory of zoophytes ;—a. Zoophytological. ZooTOMisT, zo-olf^o-misi, s. One who dissects the bodies of animals ; a comparative anatomist- ZooTOMY, s. The anatomy or dissection of animals for the purpose of discovering their struc¬ ture, the functions of their several parts, &c.a. Zoo- tomical, ZuPissA., zo-piV-sd, 8. Pitch scraped off from the sides of ships, and then tempered with wax and salt- ZoRiL, zor'-il, 8 . A South American variety of the skunk. Zoster, zos'-ter, s. In path., a kind of tetter; the shingles. Zouave, zoo'-ave, 8. A member of a French militai’y corps, M'eaiing the Arab dress; it was formed after the conquest of Algiers. Zounds, zownds. s. or inteij. An exclamation con¬ tracted from ‘‘God’s wounds;” used formerly as an oath, and an expression of anger or wonder. ZUFFOLO, s. (Itol.) A little fiute OF flageolct, especially that which is used to teach birds. ZuNA, zew'-na, s. A singular kind of sheep found in Angola, with a slender and almost naked tail hanging to the ^ound. ZuRLiTB, zur'-lite, 8. A Vesuvian mineral. ZYGODACTYLiCj^^-o-rfa/t-itT-tA, la. Having the toes Zi'GODACTYLOus, 2 tgr-o-(iaA'-