DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE 
 
 OF 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHS 
 
 OF 
 
 THE GREAT PYRAMID, 
 
 TAKEX BY 
 
 PEOFESSOR PIAZZI SMYTH, 
 
 In 1865, in connection with his three vol. book, " Life and Work at the 
 
 Great Pyramid," 
 
 And Published, in 1874, by 
 
 J. POLLITT, 
 
 Architectural Photographer, Publisher, and Maker of 
 Sensitive Dry Plate§, 
 
 BAELOW'S COURT, Mx^RKET STREET, 
 
 MANCHESTER. 
 
 J. PoLBiTT has pleasure in announcing that by the kind permission of Professor 
 -SiiYTH, he is now publishing this fine series of pictures, printed on glass, and suit- 
 able lor the Magic Lantern, Sciopticon, or Oxyhydrogen Apparatus for Dissolving 
 Views. Single copies, 2s. 6d. each, or the whole series :of 50, in a grooved box, and 
 numbered consecutively, according to Catalogue, £5 5s. 
 
 At the urgent request of many Pyramid Students, who do not care to trouble 
 with the Lantern and its accoutrements, enlarged positives, from the original nega- 
 tives, are also being printed on paper, both singly and bound up in a volume, the 
 price being the same as above for Single copies unmounted, and £5 5s. for the com- 
 plete volume of 50, including the mounting and binding. 
 
 The rare excellence of most of these pictures, and their suitability for Illus- 
 trating Lectures on the Pyramids, and more especially on the scientific construction 
 of the Great Pyramid as an august primeval monument of number, weight, and 
 measure, have long been known and appreciated by those who have seen them. 
 
 Previous to the year 1874, however, copies had only been produced on a very 
 limited scale, and for private circulation only, and therefore as they are now offered 
 to the public at a price so reasonable, considering the labour and difficulty of making 
 the enlarged copies, the publisher hopes to receive liberal orders for them. 
 
 For the important meanings and interpretations of.them, see "Our Inheritance 
 in the Great Pyramid," octavo book, 3rd edition, 1877. 
 
THE 
 
 GREAT PYRAMID. 
 
DESCEIPTION OF 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE GREAT PYRAMID, 
 
 By professor PIAZZI SMYTH, 
 Taken by him in 1865. 
 
 No. 1.— New Excavations of King Shafre's Granite 
 
 Tomb, the neighbouring Head of Sphinx, and, in the distance, on the 
 summit of its flat-topped hill, bearing north-west, the Great Pyramid of 
 Jeezeh. 
 
 No. 2. — Second Pyramid, from the Libyan Desert, of sand 
 and jasper stones, to the north and west of the Pyramid Hill of 
 Jeezeh. This Pyramid, though so nearly equal in size to the Great 
 one that they were sometimes called by the old Arab authors " the 
 pair," is yet, as with every other Pyramid throughout Egypt, smaller 
 than the one rightfully called by all the world " The Great Pyramid." 
 The Second Pyramid has its lower part built very badly, of small and 
 ill arranged stones ; but a better class of building begins in the upper 
 half, and on the higher part of that again is still to be seen part of the 
 smooth, and once white, sheet of outside casing-stones, which formerly 
 covered in rough, step sort of masonry, forming the present dilapidated 
 flanks of all the other Pyramids. 
 
 No. 3.— Second and Third Pyramids, from the brink of 
 
 the hill eastward. The hill surface in the foreground is formed almost 
 entirely of decayed fragments of limestone tombs, and excavations of 
 tombs in the limestone hill. The remnant of the ancient casing near 
 the summit of the Second Pyramid, is again noteworthy, especially the 
 mathematical straightness of the outside surface, in spite of the dis- 
 colouration of parts. The third Pyramid is seen on the left of the 
 Second, it is about half its size in linear dimensions, but built at a 
 different angle, and very differently in many other respects. The Fifth 
 Pyramid is just visible to the extreme left, it is one of the six very 
 small ones of the Jeezeh group, which numbers nine Pyramids 
 altogether. 
 
 No. 4. — Entrance Passage (deep in sand and granite lined) 
 of King Shafre's Granite Tomb. 
 
 No. 5. — Alee Dobre cogitating amid the square pillar Colonnades 
 of King Shafre's Granite Tomb. The granite is of Syenitic variety, 
 and was all brought from the first cataracts of Syene, 600 miles to the 
 south : a difficult and expensive work iu that early day, nearly 4,000 
 
4 
 
 years ago ; but how the hard material was cut is a greater mystery still, 
 unless, in defiance of all the bronze-age antiquaries, we allow that the 
 use of iron and steel was then known : and Colonel Vyse's discovery 
 of a large mass of worked iron deep in the primitive masonry of the 
 Great Pyramid, seems to justify such a conclusion. 
 
 *No. 6.— Well Chamber of King Shafre's Granite 
 
 Tomb, four minutes before noon (astronomical) ; and proving its 
 truth of meridian adjustment by then showing a small shadow under 
 the east wall. 
 
 *No. 7.— Well Chamber of King Shafre's Granite 
 
 Tomb, at and before and after noon (astronomical) two minutes ; 
 showing no shadow under either east or west wall. 
 
 *No. 8.— Well Chamber of King Shafre's Granite 
 
 Tomb, four minutes after noon (astronomical) and then showing a 
 small shadow under the west wall. 
 
 No. 9.— The Western Aisle of King Shafre's Granite 
 
 Tomb. — An imposing colonnade of square pillars and square (in cross 
 section) beams, all of red granite. When first excavated by the present 
 Minister of Antiquities in Egypt," Mariette Bey, there was a fine 
 polish upon all the surfaces ; but within a few years the unaccustomed 
 exposure to sun and wind has caused a film, not much thicker than a 
 card, to exfoliate evenly on the whole, from every block, leaving its 
 surfaces, therefore, evidently flattened by the hand of man, but rough 
 with crystalization, and as if the blocks had only been dressed true with 
 a pick, and not actually polished with rubbing surfaces and fine sand. 
 
 No. 10. — The Great Sphinx, as it (or he, not the feminine 
 myth of the Greeks,) looks eastward towards the morning sun. A 
 remnant of the idolatry of old Egypt that is without excuse in Christian 
 times : yet it has its admirers who are even frantic in its praise ; and 
 there has been an attempt recently made, by means of a fragment of 
 stone with hieroglyphics on it said to have been found in the neighbour- 
 hood, to prove that the Sphinx is vastly older than the Great Pyramid, 
 otherwise the oldest monument on the Jeezeh Hill. But after being a 
 nine days' wonder the said stone, whose hieroglyphics are mere scratches 
 rudely put in, has been declared to be of recent date, and unworthy of 
 any confidence. Wherefore the Great Sphinx can no more compare 
 with the Great Pyramid in age, than it can in size, though both are 
 equally called great, and certainly not in pure and blameless character 
 
 * These three views, therefore, (6, 7, and 8,) may be held to demonstrate both 
 an astronomical intention on the part of the builder, and that the direction of the 
 earth's axis, with regard to its crust, has remained sensibly unchanged for 4,000 
 years. The jointing of the red granite blocks forming this well chamber is 
 peculiar, and has given the chief explorers of both places the idea of its having 
 been built out of the odds and ends of granite left over, after the building of the 
 granite King's Chamber in the Great Pyramid ; King Shafre, moreover, to whom 
 this well chamber is attributed, is placed by the Egyptologists as having lived 
 soon after King Cheops or Shofo, of the Great Pyramid. The bright stratum of 
 stone at the well's mouth, shows the white alabaster, or rather arragonite flooring 
 of this chamber, underlying the modem sand heap, and forming, in ancient days, 
 a grand contrast to the red granite, or Syenite walls. 
 
5 
 
 in a religious point of view. It is to be remarked, however, that those 
 men who most praise the Sphinx have an instinctive aversion to the 
 Great Pyramid, and vice versa also. 
 
 No. 11.— Coffer in King's Chamber of Great Pyramid. 
 
 — First Photograph taken by magnesium light in Great Pyramid. The 
 prescribed quantity of magnesium was found insufficient, on account not 
 only of the dark red colour of the objects, still further darkened by ages 
 of Arab torches, but by the slow burning of the metal in the now 
 vitiated air of the chamber, with its proper ventilating channels sur- 
 reptitiously stopped up long since. Mr. Sidebotham's marked inch 
 measuring rods are seen placed about the coffer, to enable the photo- 
 graph to test the size : for though this vessel is generally called a sar- 
 cophagus, it has no inscriptions such as the Egyptians invariably 
 engraved on every burial sarcophagus of that time, in fact no inscription 
 of any kind, — but it is endued by the hands of its makers with certain 
 scientific and geometrical attributes, which only came out on taking all 
 the measures of it very accurately. 
 
 No. 12.— Coffer in King's Chamber, Great Pyramid, and 
 Ghosts of Arabs ! By magnesium fountain lights. More magnesium 
 being burnt on this second occasion, we see the coffer better. The 
 ghost-like figures of the Arabs might as well have been omitted, for 
 with their black, unphotographiable faces they make very bad ghosts ; 
 and besides the modern Arabs of Egypt are so ephemeral occupiers of 
 the soil, that they have no right to any place amongst the more ancient 
 monuments of Egypt. Now, according to the greatest Egyptologist of 
 this age. Dr. Lepsius, of Berlin, the Great Pyramid is absolutely the 
 oldest monument he has been able to find ; and upon it he fastens the 
 first link, not only of Egyptian but of all human history. In this most 
 ancient Great Pyramid then, the coffer is the sole occupant of its 
 inmost and grandest chamber, for and towards which the whole 
 monument was built. What then was the coffer intended for, as we 
 have already shown that it was never used as a sarcophagus or coffin ? 
 Firstly, for a symbolic coffin, as a reminder of death being the gate of 
 eternal life ; and, secondly, as a standard of weight and capacity 
 measure, founded on the size and weight of the earth ; and with regard 
 to which we can only say now, that the coffer's cubic contents are equal 
 to those of the sacred Ark of the Covenant of Moses ; and are also 
 such, that the coffer is a vessel, if not the vessel, of which the old 
 Anglo-Saxon " Quarter " measure for corn, the staff of life, is the fourth 
 part. 
 
 No. 13.— The Broken South-east Corner of Coffer in 
 
 King's Chamber, Great Pyramid. By magnesium light. Chip by chip, 
 almost all this enormous portion of the coffer has been broken away 
 since the overland route to India opened up. Young cadets will 
 break off bits, as they say of " Cheop's Coffin," to send home to 
 their friends. But, as in spite of their modern education, they are not 
 equal to the young men who stood before King David, and were able to 
 use their left hands as well as their right, almost all their depredations 
 have been committed at that only end of the coffer where they could 
 
6 
 
 wield the hammer with their right hands ; — and hence, involuntarily on 
 their part, a boon to the present age of the world ; for the concentration 
 of their energies at one end of the coffer has left the other so free, that 
 we can there, and there only, measure the original depth of this re- 
 markable metrologic granite vessel, and by that means, with its length 
 and breadth, compute the exact cubic contents symbolized by the 
 builders of 4,000 years ago ; and wherein is one of the chief human 
 mysteries for the present age to solve. 
 
 No. 14.— Base of Niche in the Queen's Chamber, Great 
 
 Pyramid. By magnesium light. The fragments of stone seen lying 
 about are the result of the modern labours of the curious, antiquaries, 
 and others looking for mummies or treasure : but the fine straight sides 
 of the jambs of the niche, as straight and true as the measuring rods, 
 are the work of the ancient builders. And what for ? For no gross or 
 sensual purpose you may be quite sure in the heart of the Great 
 Pyramid ; and accordingly accurate measure has recently ascertained 
 that it was to memorialize, in a manner impossible to imitate or 
 pervert the length of the standard measure, the cubit of the architect ; 
 and which cubit, while it is totally different in length from the cubit of 
 the profane and idolatrous Egyptians, is, in religion, the same as the 
 sacred cubit of the Hebrews under Moses, according to Sir' Isaac 
 Newton, and in modern science, the ten millionth of the earth's semi- 
 axis of rotation, the very best possible linear standard to be devised for 
 all the inhabitants of this planet of ours. 
 
 No. 15.— Mouth of Entrance Passage leading into Great 
 
 Pyramid. The floor seems here level, because the camera is tilted 
 parallel to it, but it is really inclined at an angle of 26 deg. 27 min. 
 Mr. Sidebotham's inch measuring rods show its transverse size. And 
 the roof stone shows how pertinaciously travellers will scribble their 
 wretched modern names on the grandest monument of all the primeval 
 world. 
 
 No. 16.— The Third and Fifth Pyramids of Jeezeh ; 
 
 the sand in the foreground is characteristically " ribbed " by the effects 
 of a recent storm. These ribbings change their direction with every 
 long continued change in the direction of the wind, as faithfully on the 
 whole, though more sluggishly than the ripple on the surface of a lake ; 
 and their size depends chiefly on the strength of the wind ; so that in 
 fact the sand of the desert, to those who examine it closely and 
 scientifically, is never in a quiescent state, but always indulging in a 
 most instructing series of variations within certain limits. 
 
 No. 17.— North Front of Great Pyramid, in perspective, 
 
 showing the grand angle stones over the entrance passage's mouth, and 
 the broken hole of Caliph Almamoon lower down ; by which the said 
 Caliph, the son of Haroun al Raschid of the Arabian Nights, did, just 
 about one thousand years ago, forcibly and ignorantly break and blunder 
 his way into the Great Pyramid, and at last into the King's Chamber, 
 but found nothing that he could understand or make any use of. 
 
 No. 18.— Mouth of the Entrance Passage ; showing by 
 
 aia inch marked measuring rod its size, and indicating the fineness and 
 
truth of the ancient jointing of the stones. The angle of the descent 
 is peculiar and symbolic, the quantity being by theory 26 deg. 18 min. 
 10 sec, and joined with the successive lengths of the King's Chamber, 
 set off as Mr. Waynman Dixon has proved them to be structurally in 
 the first ascending passage, it typifies with extreme exactness the 
 number of days and fractions of a day in a year, viz., 365*242 ; a grand 
 astronomic result necessary for correct chronology, but which no man, 
 unassisted by divine inspiration, knew with such exactness for more 
 than 2,000 years after the Great Pyramid was built. 
 
 No. 19.— The Angle Stone over the Mouth of the 
 
 Entrance Passage, from right in front. Their angle, according to 
 Professor Hamilton L. Smith, of Hobart College, New York, is a 
 memorial of the circle squaring angle of the whole form of the Great 
 Pyramid, being on either side of the vertical axis 51 deg. 51 min. 
 14.3 sec. 
 
 No. 20. — Ibrahim the Cook, at the door of his Tomb-kitchen, 
 usually a most solemn man, especially when making his calculations of 
 cookery, but now enjoying himself after the dinner has been served, and 
 he is freed from further responsibility. 
 
 No. 21. — Sand Slope leading to West Entrance into King 
 Shafre's Granite Tomb. The sand, consisting of little round and 
 heavy particles of jasper, pours into any hollow slowly, but determinedly 
 almost as water. Human footsteps are nearly lost in the immense com- 
 motion made at every step ; but the scarabsei beetles move more lightly 
 and their path across the slope may just be seen like writing, or cracks 
 in the collodion film or something of that kind. The seated figure in 
 the sun is an old Arab, who would not on any account have his portrait 
 taken, so thinking that the camera was directed only to the gateway, he 
 chose his position at what he thought a very safe distance from it, and 
 then happily took up, without compulsion, a most natural joo^e for a son 
 of the desert on a scorching day. 
 
 No. 22.— Side View of beginning of Slope of Entrance 
 Passage into Great Pyramid..— The floor and two wall courses 
 
 are of a finer grained stone than the coarse but thicker block forming 
 the roof ; the horizontal courses of the general masonry are seen in the 
 distance, and the inch rods give their thickness. 
 
 No. 23.— Distant View of the Great Pyramid and the 
 
 Second Pyramid, from the Petrified Shell Hills, several miles to 
 the south. They are sea-shells of the tertiary age, more abundant than, 
 and almost as well preserved as, the shells of the present age on the 
 present sea-beach. The beauty of some of the cockle shells is most 
 remarkable. 
 
 No. 24.— A Portion of the Granite Casing in situ of 
 
 the Third Pyramid. — At the top a portion of the horizontal 
 courses of the core masonry may be seen in lime-stone ; and fragments 
 of lime-stone are visible in the foreground. But the granite of the 
 bevilled casing stones is the main point, because it was an attempted 
 improvement by the architect of this Pyramid over the lime-stone 
 casing of the Great Pyramid, and has failed ; the granite, though 
 
8 
 
 harder, being more brittle, and weathering infinitely more about its 
 edges and corners than the lime stone ; and failing, therefore, to keep an 
 accurate record of the exact angle, wherein the Great Pyramid's chief 
 solution of the celebrated circle squaring problem is wrapped up. 
 
 No. 25. — A Burial Cave in the east side of the Great Pyramid 
 Hill, recently plundered by Mahometan Arabs in search of treasure. 
 An unhappy example of the too great cleverness of the old Egyptians 
 in inventing the embalming and mummification of their dead bodies. 
 For without that process dust would have returned to dust ages ago, 
 in decent privacy and solemn seclusion ; but with that process, their 
 bodies have lasted just long enough to see Egypt in possession of new 
 races who have no sympathy with the subjects of the Pharaohs, and 
 break up their corpses amid imprecations against them for having been 
 Kafiirs, or infidels, and look only for treasure. 
 
 No. 26. — Alee Dobre, Pyramid Arab, Assistant to Professor 
 Piazzi Smyth, in 1864-5, and to Mr. Waynman Dixon and Dr. Grant, 
 in 1872, in their Pyramid Explorations. The scene is part of the East 
 Clifi" of Great Pyramid Hill, with its ancient tombs excavated into the 
 lime-stone rock. 
 
 No. 27.— Engraved Vertical Section of Great Pyramid, 
 
 looking west in the plane of its passage. The outer dotted lines show- 
 ing the ancient finished surfaces, and the courses of constructive masonry 
 being all inserted according to measurement. The fiftieth of these 
 courses is on the level of the floor of the King's Chamber, which 
 entails some remarkable geometrical results for the upper and under 
 sections of the Pyramid, and some striking commensurabilities between 
 the whole building, its cofier in the King's Chamber, and its system of 
 weights and measures. 
 
 No. 28.— The Great Pyramid and its Hill of Rifled 
 
 Tombs, seen from a hill-top to the south of the Valley with the Three 
 Trees. However persevering were the labours of the Pharaonic 
 Egyptians through the long ages of their monarchy, in digging their 
 graves deep into the firm lime-stone rock of the hill, — equally persever- 
 ing have been the labours of other owners of Egypt, since their day, in 
 diving down into the earth after them, and fetching them up from 
 thence, to the total overthrow of all their false religious expectations. 
 A long low strip of level white rock on the right hand far under the 
 summit of the hill, is the back of the too celebrated " Great Sphinx." 
 
 No. 29.— The South-west Corner of the Great Pyramid, 
 
 showing the regularity of the horizontal courses of masonry, whereof 
 its general mass is built up. Though one of these courses may differ 
 so much from another close to it in thickness, still each course preserves 
 its own thickness uniform throughout the entire area of the Pyramid at 
 that level, which in the lower part of the monument amounts to thirteen 
 acres ; indicating, as every stone is roughly squared by hand and 
 cemented, the expenditure of an immense amount of labour to preserve 
 even that species of regularity. And now, over and above that, it has 
 been found that the total heights at both the 25th course and the 50th 
 
9 
 
 course have important bearings on the scientific explanations of the 
 Queen's Chamber and the King's Chamber in the interior of the 
 buikling. Now these constructive courses of masonry not having been 
 visible during the first 3,000 years of the Great Pyramid's existence, 
 when it was covered in on every side with the smoothly bevilled casing 
 stones before alluded to ; we arrive at the strange result, that the pulling 
 off of that casing, though with violence and for plunder, by the Ma- 
 hometans of 1,000 years ago, was a necessary preliminary to enable the 
 scientific inter-connections of every part of the building in number, 
 weight, and measure, to be understood in these latter days. 
 
 No. 30.— The Palm Trees of Egypt, from the sand plains 
 
 in front of the Pyramids. Instantaneous, showing travellers in the 
 middle distance. They are just returning to Cairo after " doing " the 
 Great Pyramid in the usual manner of the tourists, called here 
 " travellers." The party consists, first of a dragoman, or interpreter, 
 mounted on a donkey ; next of two Englishmen on horseback ; and 
 then an Arab running after them and asking them for " backsheesh ; 
 and not once or twice only, but he is a keeping up a running fire all the 
 way of " Good-bye, master, backsheesh !" " Good-bye, master," &c., &c. 
 
 No. 31.— The Eastern and Northern Faces of the 
 
 Great Pyramid, from the eastern sand plains : showing also the 
 rubbish mounds of the ancient builders, which Strabo searched for in 
 vain 1,800 years ago. They have been revealed by the occasional 
 showers of rain, in this otherwise rainless land, during the last 1,800 
 years, having had a differential effect of denudation on the natural strata 
 of the hill, and the artificial embankment against its northern side, into 
 which the builders so neatly packed away their innumerable chips of 
 their six millions of tons of worked stone. Why the builders erected 
 the Great Pyramid so very near the northern cliff of the hill, that 
 safety required this great bank against the rock, was only explained 
 when the new scientific theory was produced, requiring the Great Pyra- 
 mid to stand both north of all the others, and in latitude 30 deg. 
 
 No. 32.— The North-east Corner of the Great Pyramid, 
 
 showing the horizontal courses of its core masonry : and showing also 
 the flattened hard nature of the ground, before the ancient socket-hole, 
 in front of this corner was re-excavated, in April 1865. 
 
 No. 33.— The Great Pyramid and the Second Pyra- 
 mid, from the sand plains in the north. These plains have been but 
 recently covered with a thin coat of drift sand from the desert to the 
 west and south, having been originally part of the alluvial valley of 
 Egypt : indeed that most important part of it, the head of the Delta of 
 Lower Egypt, or the centre of its sector shaped territory, expanding 
 thence northward to the Mediterranean Sea. This is the peak or point 
 which only the Great Pyramid, of all the Pyramids on the Jeezeh Hill, 
 fully overlooks ; and the Second one will be here seen to be distinctly 
 in the background, while the Third is further still behind. Moreover, 
 it is by standing, as it were, in sole command over this point, the 
 physical centre of origin of Lower Egypt, that the Great Pyramid, as 
 recently shown by Mr. Henry Mitchell, Hydrographer to the United 
 
10 
 
 States Coast Survey, can not only claim to stand in a more important 
 physical position than any other building ever erected by man, but to 
 fulfil the prophecy of Isaiah as to a sacred building which was to be 
 manifested in Egypt in the latter days, under the, at first, apparently 
 impossible conditions of being both in the centre and at the border of 
 the land at the same time : conditions, however, which the place of the 
 centre of a sector, at one extreme corner of the whole figure, fully 
 justifies. 
 
 No. 34. — Alee Dobre, Pyramid Arab, at East Tombs, Pyramid 
 Hill. He is looking across the sand plain at his own village, and con- 
 sidering how cruel it is that he cannot grow a single Date-Palm tree 
 without the Khedive levying a tax upon it from the moment that it 
 appears above ground : and he is just about to ask a traveller how they 
 manage with their fruit trees in England. 
 
 No. 35.— The Close of the Day at the Pyramid Hill.— 
 
 The last traveller has left, and Alee Dobre looks forth over the Egyptian 
 monumental land and wonders what its future destiny is to be : and he 
 would wonder more and with deep edification if he had read the 19th 
 chapter of Isaiah ; but unfortunately he has not. 
 
 No. 36.— View at East Tombs.— The Day Guard reposing at 
 noon. Taken instantaneously, and without the Day Guard's know- 
 ledge, in order to secure a natural and unconstrained attitude. 
 
 No. 37.— The Second Pyramid from Kin^ Shafre's 
 
 Granite Tomb. — Very important, because disproving an assertion 
 of M. Kenan's, as to the entrance passage of that tomb pointing to- 
 wards the Sphinx ; which is really on the right hand of this view ; 
 while what the passage does point to is, and very accurately, the 
 eastern doorway, in the so-called temple ruins near the east base side of 
 the Second Pyramid. 
 
 No. 38.— All the Pyramids of Jeezeh, from a rising ground 
 
 in the desert to the south-west, near sunset. The Great Pyramid is 
 here so far away to the north as to make but little show ; and it is 
 an opportunity chiefly of appreciating the truthful work of the Egyptian 
 masons, by the straightness and flatness of the surfaces of the remnant 
 of the casing at the summit of the Second Pyramid. 
 
 No. 39.— The Southern Hill and the Three Tree Val- 
 ley, from the Great Pyramid Hill. Geological and mechanical enquiry 
 indicate that the hill on which the Great Pyramid stands, was once 
 jagged in outline towards the summit, like this Southern hill. But the 
 first step of preparation for the remarkable building act, (which com- 
 menced all stone architecture on this earth, subsequent to the Deluge), 
 was to cut away all the upper rotten part of the rock, and level it down 
 to a grand platform, (excepting some small portions which were left in 
 a dressed and square state to assist the intended masonry) ; and on that 
 platform, levelled, smoothed and white, the proportions of the base, de- 
 cided ou long before, were accurately laid down. A totally opposite 
 method of proceeding was this, according to Dr. Lepsius, to what was 
 invariably adopted whenever a pyramid was afterwards erected by the 
 
11 
 
 idolatrous Egyptians, of, and for themselves alone, and without any of 
 that remarkable control from a distant land that was exerted over them 
 in the case of the Great Pyramid. 
 
 No. 40.— The Corner-Stone Socket just outside the present 
 
 north-east corner of the Great Pyramid, the figures being Mr. Inglis, 
 engineer, the two Sheiks of the Pyramid, and Alee Dobre. The small 
 buildings on the left are the three small Pyramids mentioned by Hero- 
 dotus as being on the east of the Great Pyramid. 
 
 No. 41.— The South-east Corner Socket-Hole of the Great 
 
 Pyramid, immediately after excavation for the first time in modern 
 history, in 1865. The figures are Alee Dobre, an Arab, and Alee, 
 The Egyptian." The photograph shows with the usual faithfulness 
 and completeness of the art science, both the depth required in the hole 
 to reach the fair, white, and level floor of the socket, and the sort of 
 material which had to be dug through, viz., a sort of compacted and 
 agglutinated breccia of lime-stone fragments. Please to observe these 
 particulars, for a gallant general (R.E.) having lately published that the 
 Pyramid sockets were, previous to this excavation, filled only with a 
 little sand which he could easily have removed with his fingers — one 
 wonders what sort of pachydermatous hide there must have been on 
 those hands to enable them to dig out even this one hole, of which the 
 photograph shows you the freshly made sides. 
 
 No. 42.— South-west Corner Socket-hole of the Great 
 
 Pyramid, immediately after excavation for the first time in modern 
 history, in 1865. An unfortunate error in cleaning the glass plate pre- 
 paratory to taking the negative of this view, has scored it with black 
 lines ; but until another negative of this particular socket of the Great 
 Pyramid shall have been obtained, theory has nothing else to refer to. 
 
 No. 43.— The North-west Socket-Hole of the Great Pyra- 
 mid, first discovered by the French savants, under Napoleon Buona- 
 parte, in 1799. Its place was afterwards lost, and neither Arabs nor 
 working Engineer could re-discover it in 1865, though they dug in 
 many places. At last they asked Professor Piazzi Smyth to help them, 
 and he, measuring the theoretical angle from the top of the Pyramid, 
 pointed to a place where they said the hollow socket could certainly not 
 be, because the rock of the hill was protruding there. But he made 
 them dig, and what they had thought living rock was one of the stones 
 of the Pyramid which had tumbled out of its sides in a former age, 
 into the very socket-hole, and got subsequently silted up there. The 
 photograph accordingly shows the adventitious block in the place where 
 it had no business. 
 
 No. 44.— The North-east Socket-Hole of the Great Pyra- 
 mid, discovered by the French savants, in 1799, and showing the ancient 
 size of the building at that corner. Two of the one hundred inch mea- 
 suring rods were joined neatly to measure the diagonal of this socket 
 excavation ; whose floor, moreover, was so accurately cut out and 
 levelled by hammer and chisel of the ancient mason, that Mr. Inglis, 
 the Scottish Engineer, who uncovered it in a.d. 1865, reported, " I have 
 examined it all over its surface with my spirit level, and can find no 
 
12 
 
 error in it." What super excellence then of workmanship for its own 
 day, when a professional coming to it 4,000 years afterwards, with the 
 instruments of precision of that latter time, declares that he can find no 
 error in it. 
 
 No. 45.-— The Great Pyramid, from a southern hill ; to show 
 the relative insignificance of the so-called Great Sphinx. When some 
 men, entranced and infatuated admirers of that biggest and ugliest, if 
 not also oldest, of all idols, the Great Sphinx, will take its portrait by 
 putting up their camera close to it, they of course make it look enor- 
 mously large, as compared with the Great Pyramid, then in the com- 
 parative extreme distance. But when, as in this case, both objects are 
 taken from a nearly similar distance, and that a considerable one, behold 
 the Sphinx is lost among innumerable little heaps about the hill, while 
 the Great Pyramid dominates the entire scene without a rival near its 
 throne. 
 
 No. 46.— Part of the Western Excavated Enclosure 
 
 of the Second Pyramid, specially showing a hieroglyphic in- 
 scription, put on it by a traveller from Thebes, about a thousand years 
 after the Pyramid was built, but eleven hundred years still before the 
 Christian era. 
 
 No. 47.— Abdul Samud, Pyramid Sheik of the Northern 
 Pyramid Village : an honest and a high minded man ; grandson of a 
 nomade Sheik of the Desert, who entered Egypt and settled down on 
 vacant land with his tribe, after the French wars and destructions under 
 Napoleon Buonaparte. 
 
 No. 48.-— Engraved Vertical Section of King's Chamber 
 
 and Howard Vyse's Chambers, or rather dark and closed up hollows, of 
 construction, looking west and looking north. Their chief use is to 
 relieve the flat and beautiful granite ceiling of the King's Chamber, 
 from the excessive and otherwise destructive pressure of the whole 
 upper portion of the Great Pyramid. 
 
 We have thus examined the Great Pyramid, and traced its construc- 
 tion both inside and out, above and below, on the large scale as well as 
 the small, and have found no portion of the Egyptian idolatry clinging 
 to it : no worship of animals, no carved stocks or stones, no statues of 
 kings, no boasting pictures or vainglorious hieroglyphic inscriptions ; 
 nothing, in fact, of all that usually forms the whole outside covering 
 and inside filling of every genuine Eyptian Pharaonic building. Whence, 
 and for many other reasons also, the conclusion has been recently 
 arrived at, that though the Great Pyramid stands in Egypt, it is not 
 of Egypt, 
 
 How then came it there, under what circumstances, and when ? 
 
 As to when, the modern Egyptologists, headed by Dr. Lepsius, tells 
 us that the Great Pyramid is relatively older than any other known 
 building in Egypt, anJ there we may trust them ; but when they en- 
 deavour to say absohUely when, they go beyond the powers of their 
 own science (which is only founded upon the subsequent, inferior, and 
 idolatrous buildings of Egypt), and differ woefully from each other, as 
 well as from the truth, some saying 4,000, others 7,000, or others even 
 10,000 years B.C. 
 
But at this point the powers of the Great Pyramid come out, as in- 
 terpreted, not by profane Egyptology, but by accurate modern mathe- 
 matical science ; and the Great Pyramid declares thereby that its own 
 date of erection was 2,170 B.C.; the dispersion of mankind in 2,528 B.C.; 
 and the Deluge in 2,800 B.C. While it also gives the dates of religious 
 events which were then future, but have since come to pass, and have 
 thereby justified this remarkable stone monument of prophecy. 
 
 How then, more than ever we must ask, or under what circumstances, 
 or by whose agency, did such a building come to be erected ? 
 
 Historically, we are informed by Josephus, that in the earlier ages of 
 the world the sons of Seth, in antagonism to the descendants of Cain, 
 did go down into the land of Siriad, or Egypt, and erect there a stone 
 monument, replete with astronomical truths, which they had learnt by 
 Divine assistance aiding them ; and which monument could not have 
 been any other than the Great Pyramid. 
 
 We learn next from Herodotus that a Shepherd-Prince, or Palestinian 
 and Sethite Patriarch, with his people and flocks, abode in Egypt at 
 the time of the building of the Great Pyramid : apparently to procure 
 its erection ; and he not only succeeded in that, but was enabled so to 
 influence Cheops or Shofo, the Egyptian King of the period, that he 
 both collected his people for the work, but at the same time closed all 
 their idolatrous temples, and allowed no name of any of Egypt's false 
 gods to be heard while the Pyramid was building. 
 
 From Egyptian history again the information has come down, that a 
 Shepherd-King and his people, who could be no other than the above, 
 after being long in the land, left Egypt in a body when the Great 
 Pyramid was finished, and went into Palestine, " where they built the 
 city of Jerusalem, and lived in it." 
 
 Whence, with other details gathered from the Bible, the conclusion 
 is finally come to, that the Shepherd-Prince, in the line of Seth, who 
 abode in Egypt for a time only to see the Great Pyramid built, as a 
 monument of inspired, prophetic, and other information received from 
 the God of Revelation, — can be none other than Melchizedek, " King 
 of Salem, which is Jerusalem ;" and to whom, in his honoured old age, 
 even Abraham gave a tenth of the spoils. While the purposes for 
 which the Great Pyramid was so erected are chiefly future, and in- 
 dicated by Isaiah to be " for a sign and witness to the Lord of Hosts 
 in the latter day :" though exactly how, time only is likely to show to 
 mere mortal man. 
 
 For more extended information, see " The Great Pyramid: Why 
 was it built, and who built it ?" by John Taylor, 1859, (Longmans & 
 Co.). Life and Work at the Great Pyramid, in 1865," by Pro- 
 fessor Piazzi Smyth, Astronomer Royal for Scotland, 3 vols, with 36 
 plates, (Edmonston & Douglas, Edinburgh). Also ^' Our Inheritance 
 in the Great Pyramid^'' by Professor Smyth, second edition, 1874, 
 (W. Isbister & Co., London). 
 
"We have also, at the request of Professor Smyth, reprinted a 
 pamphlet, published in Toronto, entitled 
 
 THE GREAT PYRAMID: 
 
 ITS SCIENCE AND ITS PROPHECY. 
 
 Professor C. Piazzi Smyth, Astronomer-Royal for Scotland, has, 
 within the last few months, published a remarkable work of over 500 
 pages, with 17 explanatory plates, entitled " Our Inheritance in the 
 Great Pyramid," which appears to have a remarkable bearing on 
 Science, as well as of some of the leading Prophetic events of the 
 world, but more especially in connection with Israel. 
 
 Professor Smyth, in a small pamphlet recently issued, containing 
 some correspondence with the Royal Society of London, says : " The 
 Great Pyramid is the highest and holiest subject that can ever occupy 
 a Scientific Society, supposed now, according to an increasing body of 
 evidence, to have been erected under the eye of Melchizedek, and ac- 
 cording to a design furnished to him by Divine Inspiration," 
 
 The Great Pyramid stands in latitude 30°, at the centre of an arc 
 which sweeps the Delta of Lower Egypt. Isaiah appears to allude to 
 this massive monument in the following language : " In that day shall 
 there be an Altar to the Lord in the midst of the land of Egypt, and a 
 pillar at the border thereof to the Lord of hosts in the land of Egypt." 
 (Isaiah xix. 19, 20.) This witness testimony of the Great Pyramid, 
 according to the Astronomer-Royal, was only to be made manifest in 
 the latter days, and in accordance with what God had purposed upon 
 mankind. 
 
 The Great Pyramid also stands in the geographical centre of all the 
 land portions of the globe. Its base covers over thirteen square acres, 
 and it is built upon a rock levelled for the purpose. The four corner 
 stones are let into the main rock, and the four sides of the building 
 face exactly the four cardinal points of the heavens. 
 
 The Sacred Cubit. — The ten-millionth part of the earth's semi- 
 axis of rotation is 25 Pyramid inches, or 25*025 British inches ; which 
 was suggested by Sir Isaac Newton, in his days, to be about the cor- 
 rect length of the Sacred Cubit employed by Moses. Professor Piazzi 
 Smyth regards it as more than probable that the British inch was once 
 the exact 25th part of the Sacred Cubit, and precisely the same as 
 the Pyramid inch, but that through centuries it has deteriorated in 
 length by a very small decimal. 
 
 The length of a base side of the Great Pyramid is 9,130 Pyramid 
 inches ; and this number divided by the Sacred Cubit, or 25, gives 
 exactly the number of days, hours, and minutes in the solar year ; and 
 by measuring the four sides, it gives the leap-year, there being pre- 
 cisely that difference in the length of one of those base sides. 
 
 Height of the Pyramid.— The vertical of the Great Pyramid 
 being 5,813 Pyramid inches (484 feet) is the radius of a theoretical 
 
15 
 
 circle, the length of whose curved circumference is exactly equal to the 
 sum of the lengths of the four straight sides of the actual and prac- 
 tical square base of the building ; and as the date of its building has 
 been determined, by its star-pointings, as well as by internal measure- 
 ments in Pyramid inches, to be 2170 B.C., it therefore displays science 
 three thousand years in advance of its own time. 
 
 The blocks of white limestone casing-stones, which once covered its 
 entire four sides, forming a level and smooth surface, were nearly 5 
 feet in height, 8 feet in breadth, and 12 feet in length, and joined 
 together with a film of cement no thicker than a sheet of silver paper. 
 
 Prof. Smyth supposes that the founder of the Great Pyramid knew 
 both the size and shape of the earth exactly, and intentionally chose 
 the unique diameter of its axis of rotation as a reference for the 
 standard of measure in that building. 
 
 Distance to the Sun. — Mr. William Petrie, C.E., has computed 
 from the Great Pyramid, the distance to the sun at 91,840,000 miles ; 
 while, a few years ago, one group of Astronomers computed the dis- 
 tance to be 91,500,000, and another group give it as 92,500,000 ; thus 
 the Pyramid sun-distance, falling between the computations of those 
 two groups of modern Astronomers, is perhaps as nearly correct as 
 human science will ever determine. 
 
 The mouth of the entrance-passage is about 49 feet above the ground 
 on that side, and descends by a very small bore, leading in a straight 
 line to a subterranean rock-chamber 100 feet below the centre of the 
 base of the whole built monument. This subterranean chamber is 46 
 feet long by 28 broad, the sides and ceiling of which are finished, 
 but there is no attempt at a finish of the bottom. 
 
 The ascending-passage, leading from the entrance-passage to the 
 Grand Gallery, has its junction with the entrance-passage at the dis- 
 tance of about 1,045 inches from its mouth, and is 47 inches in height, 
 and 41 inches in breadth, and is at an elevation of 26 degrees. The 
 Grand Gallery being 28 feet in height, is seven times the height of the 
 passage leading thereto, and is also at an elevation of 26 degrees. 
 
 Near the entrance of the Grand Gallery there is a hole or passage, 
 which descends almost perpendicularly to a natural grotto in the rock 
 beneath the Pyramid's base, and from thence the passage descends 
 still lower until it forms a junction with the descending entrance- 
 passage, a short distance above where the entrance-passage leads into 
 the subterranean rock-chamber, which chamber is over 140 feet beneath 
 the lower end of the Grand Gallery. 
 
 The Grand Gallery leads to the Ante-Chamber adjoining the King's 
 Chamber. The doorway into the Ante-Chamber from the Grand 
 Gallery is only 42 inches high, as is also the height of the doorway 
 entering the King's Chamber from the Ante-Chamber, while the wall 
 of the doorway into the King's Chamber is 100 inches thick. 
 
 The Ante-Chamber. — The Ante-Chamber is 116 Pyramid 
 inches in length, 65 inches in breadth from east to west, and 149 inches 
 in height. The grand symbol in this little chamber on the south wall 
 
16 
 
 is its division into 5 perpendicular spaces ; while on the east and west 
 walls there is a granite leaf, with a boss on each leaf. Here we have 
 the Sacred, or the Great Pyramid's own. Cubit divided into 5 in the 
 shape of this boss on the granite leaf, just 5 inches broad. "And 
 further, that fifth part of that cubit of the Great Pyramid's symbolical 
 design is divided before our eyes into 5 again ; for the thickness of this 
 remarkable boss is l-5th of its breadth. So there you have the division 
 of the Sacred Cubit into 5x5 inches." 
 
 The King's Chamber.— The King's Chamber is shielded from 
 the outside heat and cold by a thickness of nowhere less than 180 feet 
 of solid masonry. The principle of 5's is a grand tendency in the 
 Pyramid, and is carried out even in its temperature ; that is one-fifth 
 the distance between the freezing and boiling points of water above the 
 former. The temperature of the King's Chamber is 50 degrees, which 
 is the mean temperature both of all lands inhabited by man, and the 
 most suitable degree to man. 
 
 The size of the King's Chamber, in Pyramid inches, is 412 in length, 
 206 in breadth, and 230 in height. In this chamber there is a stone 
 cofier of the same commensurable capacity as the Sacred Ark of the 
 Covenant, the fourth part of the cubic contents of which is equivalent 
 to the quarter corn measure of the British farmer. 
 
 The division into 5, of the wall-courses of the King's Chamber of 
 granite, sized to an equal height, strikes the eye of the traveller, as he 
 enters the low doorway into that magnificently finished room, which is 
 equal to fine jewelry polish. Each course round the room is about 
 4 feet in height, except the lowest course, which sinks one-tenth below 
 the floor, so that the top of the lowest course is on a level with the 
 top of the granite coffer. Two separate sets of measured numbers in 
 Pyramid inches, for the length, breadth and height of the lowest course, 
 give, when divided by the coffer's contents, 50. So we have the mul- 
 tiple of 5 X5 = 25, and twice 25 = 50. Now 50 is a prophetic or 
 Jubilee number ; and it is somewhat striking that the King's Chamber 
 stands on the 50th course of masonry from the Pyramid's base, whereon 
 also stands the granite coffer, a vessel with commensurable capacity 
 proportions between its inside and out, and wall and floor in a room 
 with 5 courses composed of 100 stones, and with a capacity proportion 
 of 50 to the 5 of these courses. 
 
 The Queen's Chamber. — 50 Pyramid inches from the one 
 ten-millionth of the earth's axis of rotation, and consequently the one 
 ten-millionth of the semi-axis is 25 Pyramid inches, the exact length, 
 as already stated, of the sacred cubit. So we see that the King's 
 Chamber is the standard of 50, or of two cubits length ; while the 
 Queen's Chamber is the standard of 25, or one cubit length ; for 
 it stands on the 25 courses of masonry composing the Pyramid. 
 The passage which enters the Queen's Chamber is a horizontal one, 
 leading from near the lower end of the Grand Gallery. The one grand 
 architectural feature of the Queen's Chamber is the niche in the east 
 wall, which symbolizes, by its amount of eccentric displacement in the 
 room, just one cubit. 
 
17 
 
 We might expect to find that one ten-millions of cubic inches are 
 indicated by this room's contents, as against the two ten millions of the 
 King's Chamber, which is almost exactly the case. 
 
 What JosephUS says. — The statement is made by Josephus 
 that the descendants of Seth, in whose line afterwards came Noah, 
 Shem, Melchizedek, Abraham, and Moses, betook themselves to study- 
 ing Astronomy, with the special approval and assistance of Almighty 
 God ; and when they had perfected their discoveries they set forth from 
 their own land (which was probably Mesopotamia) to the land of Siriad 
 or Egypt, and inscribed their discoveries there in two pillars, one of 
 stone, and one of brick. 
 
 Sacred Ark of the Oovenant. — The Ark was kept in the 
 Holiest of Holies, and with other things, contained the Divine Auto- 
 graph of the Law of God written on stone. The Ark had a crown of 
 gold round about the rim, and there was placed over it a lid made of 
 pure gold, called the mercy-seat, representing the throne of God. The 
 size of the Ark, as given by Moses, is two and a half cubits long, one 
 and a half high, and one and a half broad, outside measure ; which 
 being reduced to Pyramid inches, on Sir Isaac Newton's, and Professor 
 Smyth's evolution of the sacred cubit, and allowing 1| inches for 
 thickness of sides and ends, and 2 inches for the bottom, would yield 
 for the inside cubical contents, 71,213 cubic Pyramid inches ; which 
 corresponds with the cubical contents of the inside measure of the 
 granite coffer in the King's Chamber in the Great Pyramid. 
 
 " Such, then, looked at in the light of science, three thousand three 
 hundred years after its day of construction, must have been the Sacred 
 Ark of the Covenant, built according to the inspiration commands re- 
 ceived by Moses, after he had left Egypt for ever." 
 
 Solomon's Molten Sea. — Both the Molten Sea of Solomon's 
 Temple, and the Ark of the Covenant were what science in that day 
 could not possibly have devised, that is to have made them earth com- 
 mensurable. The Molten Sea contained 2,000 baths, or 50 times as 
 much as the laver, and also exactly 50 times as much as the internal 
 cubic contents of the Sacred Ark of Moses. 
 
 It is remarkable that the lower course of the King's Chamber has 
 been so adjusted in height, by the removal from sight of its lower 
 5 inches, that the cubic contents of that lower course amount to 50 
 times the coffer's contents, and exactly equals the cubic contents of 
 Solomon's Molten Sea. 
 
 " Whence, then," asks the Astronomer-Royal, " came the metreo- 
 logical ideas common to three individuals in three different ages ; and 
 involving reference to deep cosmical attributes of the earth, understood 
 by the best and highest of human learning at none of those times ? 
 The answer," says he, " can hardly be other than that the God of 
 Israel, who liveth for ever, equally inspired to this end the Seth- 
 descended architect of the Great Pyramid, the Prophet Moses, and 
 King Solomon." 
 
 Sacred and Prophetic Time.— The symbolic feature of the 
 
 Grand Gallery most attractive to travellers, next after its commanding 
 
height, is the 7 overlappings of its walls. This may be intended to 
 typify the Sabbatical week. Another noticeable feature of the number 
 seven is to be found in the passage leading to the Queen's Chamber. 
 The last part of that passage is found to be nearly one-half greater in 
 depth than the rest ; and the length of that deeper part is one-seventh 
 of the whole length of the floor from the beginning of the Grand 
 Gallery up to the Queen's Chamber wall itself. Also, if we take the 
 mean in height of the passage which enters the north end of the Grand 
 Gallery, and of the passage which exits from the south end, we find 
 that that quantity goes seven times exactly to a hundredth, into 339.2, 
 which is the vertical height of the Grand Gallery at a mean of 15 
 points in its whole length. 
 
 There appears to be a certain amount of connection between the 
 Queen's Chamber and the Grand Gallery ; for while the Queen's 
 Chamber, with its cubit-defining niche, contains cubic inches to the 
 typical number for that cubit of ten-millionth earth reference, the 
 Grand Gallery contains 36 millions of cubic inches : or one million to 
 every one of the 36 inclined stones forming its long sloping roof. 
 
 Astronomy of the Entrance Passage.— ''In the year 2170 
 
 B.C. the Pole-star, Draconis, was three degrees and 42 minutes from 
 the Pole of the sky, and therefore looked right down the entrance 
 passage, Tauri, the chief star in the Pleiades group, was crossing the 
 local terrestrial meridian, at a point high up in the sky, near the equator, 
 and simultaneously with the celestial meridian of the vernal equinox. 
 That whole stellar combination had not taken place for 25,000 years 
 previously, and will not take place again for 25,000 years subsequently." 
 
 This grand quantity, or peculiar celestial cycle, is further defined by 
 the length of the diagonals of the base, which so eminently lay out the 
 whole Great Pyramid's position, when their sun is reckoned up in 
 Pyramid inches. 
 
 The Sacred Touching the Great Pyramid.— " That is 
 
 the end then," says Piazzi Smyth, " of the first use which the Great 
 Pyramid's Grand Gallery, deep well, but not a water- well, and entrance 
 passage served. 
 
 "In the course of the summer of 1872, in a correspondence with 
 Mr. Charles Casey, of Pollerton Castle, Carlow, (then preparing his 
 work ' Philitis,') that straight-forward and vigorous thinker, considered 
 himself called on to tell me that while he had followed and adopted all 
 that I had attempted as to the meteorology of the Great Pyramid being 
 of more than human scientific perfection for the age in which it was 
 produced, yet to call it therefore Divinity inspired or sacred, seemed to 
 him to be either too much or too little. 'Now,' said Mr. Casey, 
 * unless the Great Pyramid can be shown to be Messianic, as well as 
 fraught with superhuman science and design, its ' sacred ' claim is a 
 thing with no blood in it.' " 
 
 The Sacred Pronounced Messianic— " It was in 1865," 
 
 continues Prof. Smyth, " That a letter reached me at the Great Pyra- 
 mid, transmitted with some high recommendations of its author, by 
 that most upright knightly man the late Mr. Maitiund, Sheriff Clerk of 
 
19 
 
 the Countj of Edinburgh. ' He is a young shipbuilder,' said he, ^ a 
 son of a ship-builder, an accomplished draughtsman, and I hear that he 
 lately turned out, from his own design, one of the most perfect ships 
 that ever left Leith Docks : from his childhood upwards he has been an 
 intense student of whatever could be procured concerning the Great 
 Pyramid. His family name is Menzies.' 
 
 This Israelite, then, but no Jew, it was, who first to my know- 
 ledge, broke ground in the Messianic Symbolisms of the Great Pyramid, 
 so intensified subsequently by Mr. Casey, and, after long feeling his 
 way in an humble and prayerful spirit, at length unhesitatingly de- 
 clared that the immense superiority in height of the Grand Gallery 
 over every other passage in the Great Pyramid, arose from its repre- 
 senting the Christian Dispensation. 
 
 * From the north beginning of the Grand Gallery floor,' said Robert 
 Menzies, ' there, in southward procession, begin the years of the 
 Saviour's earthly life, expressed at the rate of a Pyramid inch to a 
 year. Three-and-thirty inch-years, therefore, bring us right over against 
 the mouth of the well, the type of His death, and His glorious resur- 
 rection too ; while the long, lofty. Grand Gallery shows the dominating 
 rule in the world of the blessed religion which He established thereby, 
 over-spanned above by the 36 stones of His months of ministry on 
 earth, and defined by the floor-length in inches, (1881 inch years) as to 
 its exact period. The Bible, fully studied, shows that he intended that 
 first dispensation to last only for a time ; a time too which may ter- 
 minate very much sooner than most men expect, and shown by the 
 southern wall IMPENDING.' 
 
 " Whereupon I went straight to the south wall of the Grand Gallery, 
 and found that it was impending ; by the quantity too, if that interests 
 any one, of about 1 degree (about 6 years nearly) ; and where Mr. 
 Menzies could have got that piece of information from I cannot imagine, 
 for the north wall is not impending : he, too, was never at the Great 
 Pyramid, and I have not seen the double circumstance chronicled else- 
 where. The first ascending passage, moreover, he explained as repre- 
 senting the Mosaic Dispensation. I measured it, and found it to be, 
 from the north beginning of the Grand Gallery, the natal year of 
 Christ, to its junction with the roof of the entrance passage northward 
 and below, or to some period in the life of Moses, 1,483 Pyramid inches; 
 and when produced across that passage, so as to touch its floor, 1,542 
 inches.* 
 
 Human Religious History.—" But the chief line of human 
 history with Robert Menzies was the floor of the entrance passage. 
 Beginning at its upper and northern end it starts at the rate of a Pyra- 
 mid inch to a year, from the Dispersion of mankind (2527 B.C.), or 
 from the period when men declined any longer to live the patriarchal 
 
 (* The Rev. W. B. Galloway, M.A., in his Egypt's Record of Time to the 
 Exodus of Israel," after deeply studying the question, more from Alexandrian 
 Greek than Egyptian profane sources, makes the date of the Exodus 1540 B.C. 
 And he arrives at the conclusion that the birth of our Saviour was actually in the 
 course of our reckoned year B. C. 1 , and needs only a fraction of a year to make 
 the dates A. D. , as usually given, truly continuous with the patriarchal, ) 
 
20 
 
 life of Divine instruction, and insisted on going off on their own iiv- 
 ventions ; and which is so sensibly represented to the very life or death 
 in the long-continued descent of the entrance passage of the Great 
 Pyramid, more than 4,000 inch years long, until it ends in the symbol 
 of the Bottomless pit a chamber, already mentioned, deep in the rock. 
 
 Hebraism and ^Christianity. — " One escape, indeed there was 
 in that long and mournful history of human decline ; but for a few 
 only, when the exodus took place in the just ascending passage, which 
 leads on into the Grand Gallery, showing Hebraism ending in its 
 original prophetic destination — Christianity. But another escape was 
 also eventually provided, to prevent any soul being necessarily lost in 
 the bottomless pit ; for, before reaching that dismal abyss, there is a 
 possible entrance, though it may be by a strait and narrow way, to 
 the one and only gate of salvation through the death of Christ, viz. : 
 the well representing His descent into Hades, not the bottomless pit of 
 idolaters and the wicked at the lowest point to which the entrance 
 passage subterraneously descends, but a natural grotto rather than 
 artificial chamber in the course of the well's further progress to the 
 other place ; while the stone which once covered that well's upper 
 mouth is blown outwards into the Grand Gallery with excessive force 
 (and was once so thrown out, and is now annihilated), carrying part of 
 the wall with it, and indicating how totally unable was the grave ta 
 hold Him beyond the appointed time. 
 
 " * That sounds fair and looks promising enough, so far,' said Mr. 
 Casey, ' but it is not enough yet to be the turning point with me, when 
 interests so immense are at stake. We must have more than that, and 
 something not less than proof of this order. Measuring along the pas- 
 sages backward from the north beginning of the Grand Gallery, you 
 will find the exodus at either 1483 or 1542 B.C., and the dispersion of 
 mankind in 2527 B.C., up at the beginning of the entrance passage. 
 Now you have already published, years ago, that you have computed 
 the date of the building of the Great Pyramid, by modern astronomy, 
 based on the Pyramid's own star-pointing, and have found it 2170 B.C. 
 That date, according to this new theory, must be three or four hundred 
 inches down inside the top or mouth of the entrance passage. Is there 
 then any mark at that point ? For I feel sure that the builder, if really 
 inspired from on High, would have known how many years were to 
 elapse between his great mechanical work in the beginning of the 
 world, and the one central act of creation in the birth of the Divine 
 Son ; and he would have marked it there as the most positive and in- 
 valuable proof.' 
 
 The Crucial Test. — " So away I went," says the Astronomer- 
 Royal, " to my original notes to satisfy him, and beginning at the north 
 end of the Grand Gallery, counted and summed up the length of every 
 stone backward all down the first ascending passage, then across the 
 entrance passage to its floor, then up its floor-plane towards its mouth, 
 and soon saw that 2170 B.C. would fall very near a most singular por- 
 tion of the passage. This mark was a line ruled on the stone from top 
 to bottom of the passage wall, at right angles to its floor. Such a line 
 
21 
 
 as might be ruled with a blunt steel instrument, but by a master hand 
 for power and evenness. There was such a line on either wall, the 
 west and the east, of the passage ; and the two lines seemed to be pretty- 
 accurately opposite each other. When Mr. Casey required in 1872 to 
 know exactly where, on the floor, the line on either side touched the 
 plane, there was no ready prepared record to say. Every intervening 
 measure by joints between the two extremes, and over scores of joints, 
 had been procured, printed and published to the world in 1867; but 
 just the last item required, merely the small distance from the nearest 
 joint to the drawn line was wanting. 
 
 " So I wrote to my friend Mr. Dixon, C.E., then erecting his brother's 
 bridge over the Nile, near Cairo, requesting him to have the goodness 
 to make and send me careful measures of the distance of the fine line on 
 either passage wall at the Pyramid, from the nearest one of the two 
 vertical joints ; not giving him any idea what the measure was 
 wanted for, but only asking him to be very precise, clear, and accurate. 
 And so he was ; taking out also as companion and duplicate measurer 
 his friend Dr. Grant, of Cairo ; and their doubly attested figures where 
 sent to me on diagrams, in a manner which left no room for misunder- 
 standing. With this piece of difference measure, I set to work again 
 on my older joint measures of the whole distance ; and was almost 
 appalled when, on applying the above difference, the east side gave forth 
 2 170 J, and the west side 2170 and four-tenths Pyramid inches, 
 or years. 
 
 " * This testimony satisfies me and fills me with thankfulness and 
 joy,' wrote Mr. Casey ; * while I never expected to have measured so 
 closely as that, along either side of those lengthy dark and sloping 
 Pyramid passages.' " 
 
 Melchizedck. — Now the man who built the great Pyramid, or 
 laid its foundation in 2170 B.C., must have been a contemporary of, but 
 rather older than Abraham, according to the best Biblical Chronology. 
 Melchizedek was a grandly mysterious kingly character, to whom even 
 Abraham offered the tenth of the spoils. He was king of Salem, which 
 some consider to have been Jerusalem. 
 
 The Great Pyramid was only to be understood in the latter days of 
 the world, and was destined then to prove the inspiration, origin, and 
 Messianic character of its designs, to both religious and irreligious ; in 
 manifesting forth in modes adapted to these and the approaching times, 
 the original and ineffable inspiration of Scripture,— as well as the prac- 
 tical reasons for expecting the return of Christ to an undoubted 
 PERSONAL REIGN for a miraculous season over the entire earth. 
 
 " Never was there any building so perfect as the Great Pyramid in 
 fulfilling both the earliest words of the Lord given by Inspiration, and 
 also the New Testament types of the Messiah. And if the Great Pyra- 
 mid is not mentioned in so clear a manner in the New Testament, that 
 all men may instantly see it, whether by name or figure, that may arise 
 from its being connected with the second and future, rather than with 
 that first and past, coming of Christ, which the New Testament was 
 mainly to chronicle and expound," 
 
22 
 
 The Communistic French Metre— Prof. Smyth believes 
 
 that in the Great Pyramid is embodied the whole metric system which 
 God gave to the Ancient Hebrews, and that the British nation being 
 descended from, and identical with the lost ten tribes of Israel, should 
 successfully resist the encroachments of French metricalism, and adopt 
 the God-given, earth-commensurable system embodied in the Great 
 Pyramid. " Some involuntary throbbing in the pulse of humanity," 
 says he, " is now telling all nations, with deeper truth than any philo- 
 sophy can, that these are the last times of this dispensation." 
 
 Twenty-six governments have already adopted this Anti-Christian 
 French metrical system, and it is stated that if Britain yields, other 
 nations are expected to follow ; " then all the nations of the world will 
 have passed through the great French mill, whose whirling stones will 
 never cease to grind, until, excepting only those sealed by God, * it has 
 caused all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and bond, to receive 
 a mark in their right hand or in their foreheads ; and that no man might 
 buy or sell, save he that had the mark, or the name of the Beast, or 
 the number of his name.'" (Rev. xiii. 16, 17). 
 
 Prof. Smyth, moreover, states that the French metric system, though 
 not a hundred years old, is wanted by its promoters to override every 
 other metric system in the world, of whatever age, and whatever origin ; 
 that all nations are to bow down to it ; although it is found, at every 
 essential point, full of scientific blunders, and teeming with sacrifices of 
 the comforts and conveniences of the poor. 
 
 The Great Pyramid system, he says, on the other hand, it the oldest 
 metrological system in the history of the world ; has its traces exten- 
 sively among European peoples ; and is next to perfect in all those 
 scientific points where the French system fails. It is, moreover, full of 
 benevolence and compassion for the poor and needy, besides teaching 
 that their anguish and woes will last but a very few years more ; for 
 then, agreeably with the Scriptures, Christ himself will again descend 
 from heaven, this time with angels and archangels accompanying, and 
 will give to man at last that perfect and righteous government which 
 man alone is incapable of ; and so shall the Saviour reign over all 
 nations in the Millennial Sabbath of the world. 
 
 In fulfilment of the first prophecy in Genesis, which teaches, together 
 with all the Prophets, that of the seed of the woman a truly Divine 
 Saviour of mankind was to arise and appear amongst men ; in further 
 fulfilment whereof, the Great Pyramid was to prove — that precisely as 
 that coming was a real historical event, and took place at a definite and 
 long pre-ordained date — so His Second Coming, to reign over mankind, 
 will likewise be historical, and will take place at a definite, and also a 
 primevally pre-arranged date. But immediately preceding the Lord's 
 Second Coming, Anti-Christ shall appear personally, giving out that he 
 is Christ, and working such signs and wonders as shall deceive, if it 
 were possible, even the very elect. 
 
 " When that Second Coming has been appointed to take place must 
 be a most momentous question ; and is one to which I can only reply, 
 that, so far as the Great Pyramid seems to indicate at present in the 
 
23 
 
 Grand Gallery, the existing Christian dispensation must first close (in 
 some partial manner or degree), the saints be removed, and a period of 
 trouble and darkness commence." Though tlie Lord may have tarried 
 long, the Grand Gallery in the Great Pyramid indicates that the j udg- 
 ments which are to precede His Advent are very near. 
 
 Our Israelitish Origin. — The deep and rapidly increasing 
 conviction that the British nation is descended from the ancient 
 Israelites is now becoming, day by day, more clear and unmistakable. 
 The works of Turner, Wilson, Hine, and others, as well as the opera- 
 tions of the lately organized Anglo-Israel Association, have largely con- 
 tributed to the advancement of this view. Some of the most influential 
 men of London, and various other parts of Britain, are at the head of 
 this organization. One of the objects of the Association is, "to more 
 fully develop and disseminate the truth of the proposition that the 
 Anglo-Saxon race is descended from the Lost Tribes of Israel, and to 
 promote research into the general history of Israel and Judah." 
 
 The idea is truly grand and wonderful, almost beyond conception, 
 and has the sympathy, too, as has been stated of Her Majesty Queen 
 Victoria. 
 
 I need scarcely add, that it is believed that God is about to pour out 
 His Spirit upon His covenant people, and in a miraculous way deliver 
 and restore them to the land of their fathers. 
 
 Mr. Edward Hine, of London, author of " Forty-seven Identifications 
 of the British Nation with the Lost House of Israel," says, " The pre- 
 sent Parliament will retain its power for seven years, by which time we 
 are so plainly taught by the marvellous teachings of the Great Pyramid, 
 that our identity with Israel will be nationally established, and our 
 country issued into most glorious and righteous times ; "while," says 
 Piazzi Smyth, " the resemblance of our early Saxon, or Ephramite, 
 metrology to the system of the Great Pyramid, both gives us a species 
 of * Inheritance ' interest in that building, and may include something 
 else still more noble in connection with the coming universal Messianic 
 kingdom, when " all the ends of the world shall remember and turn 
 unto the Lord." 
 
 The Great Pyramid points to 1881. Before then, what ? 
 
 A WATCHER. 
 
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