■V 
 
LIST 
 
 L A 
 
 E S. 
 
 Title Page. 
 Dedication Plate. 
 
 Vignette — South view of Woodchefter Church, and Mr. Wathen's Houfe from the 
 Parks, with a diftant view of Rodborous;h. 
 
 PLATE 
 
 1. Map of the Country round Woodchefter, fhewing the remains of Roman Roads, 
 Camps, and Buildings. 
 II. View of Woodchefter, and part of the Vale of Gloucefter, from Hampton Common, 
 
 III. View of Woodchefter and Rodborough Hill from SeHlcy Hill. 
 
 IV. North-eaft view of Woodchefter. 
 
 V. Plan of Woodchefter Churchyard and the adjacent Fields, ftiewing the Extent of the 
 
 Roman Building difcovered there. 
 VI. Plan of the Roman Building difcovered at Woodchefter. 
 VII. Fragment of the South fide of the great Mofaic Pavement. 
 VIII. Several parts of the fame on an enlarged Scale. 
 IX. Fragment of the North fide of the fame Pavement. 
 X. The whole deiign of the great Pavement reftorcd. 
 XI. Mofaic Pavement of the Cryptoportlcus. 
 XII. Pavements of two Paflages. 
 
 xm. 
 
 XIV. 
 XV. 
 XVI. 
 XVII. 
 XVIII. 
 XIX. 
 XX. 
 XXI. 
 
 Mofaic Pavements. 
 
 Ornaments ufed in the feveral Mofaic Pavements. 
 
 XXII. Plans 
 
AN 
 
 ACCOUNT 
 
 OP 
 
 ROMAN ANTIQUITIES 
 
 DISCOVERED AT 
 
 JVOODCHESTER. 
 
 THE village of Woodchefter is fituated under a part of that range of high ground which forms the 
 eaftern boundary of the vale of Glouceftcr, at an equal diftance of twelve miles from the 
 city of Glouceftcr, and the town of Cirenccfter. 
 
 Woodchefter is indicated (i ), by its name, to have been a Roman ftation, and many Roman Roman antiqui- 
 antiquities have been at different times difcovered there; of thcfe, the moft remarkable is a mofalc found th«e. 
 
 Woodchefter. 
 
 (i) The Saxon termination of ceajxcp, fronn the Latin cajlrum, was ufually added Co the names of fuch places. 
 
 A pavement, 
 
LIST OF PLATES. 
 
 PLATE 
 
 XXII 
 
 XXIII. 
 
 XXIV. 
 XXV. 
 XXVI. 
 
 XXVII. 
 XXVIII. 
 XXIX. 
 XXX. 
 XXXI. 
 XXXII. 
 XXXIII. 
 XXXIV. 
 XXXV., 
 XXXVI. 
 
 xxxvii. 
 
 XXXVIII. 
 XXXIX. 
 XL. 
 
 •} Phns and feflions of Flues for heating the Rooms. 
 
 Remains of two Hypocaufts, with fpecimcns of the Funnels ufcd m them. 
 South-weft view of the remains of a Laconicum, or Sweating Room. 
 Plan of the Lacon.cum and Bath, with a fedion of the latter, and fpecimens of the 
 
 Bricks ufed in the former. 
 Plans and feaions of the Flues of the Laconicum. 
 Specimens of Walls, &c. 
 Fragments of Columns. 
 Fragments of Marbles. 
 Fragments of Stucco. 
 Fragments of Pottery. 
 Various Fragments of Pottery, &c. 
 
 ■ Various Utenfils, &c. 
 
 Fragments of Sculpture. 
 Fragment of a Group of Cupid and Pfyche. 
 Fragment of a Statue of Diana Lucifera. 
 Another reprefentation of the fame. 
 Fragments of a Statue and a Buft. 
 Tail Piece— Reverfes of Medals, containing figures of Bonus Eventus and Diana 
 Lucifera. 
 
AT WOODCHESTER. 
 
 The large circular compartment, or area in the centre is fiirrmm^n^ K., u j 
 Vitruvian fcroU, edged on each fide by a guiiloche and enrfc ed 1 f , ' '""'^'^'"^ °^ ^ 
 
 malk of Pan, having a beard of leaves^ ^"'"S'^' P™«'='''"S » 
 
 Immediately within this border are reprefentations of varim,. b,nA. • • i, 
 on a white ground, with trees and flowers be ween tZ S^'^'t 
 leopard, a flag, a tygrefs, a lion, and a lionefs, Te now "ma.W '7^^^^^^ "^"^ ^ 
 
 which are to be feen in Mr. Browns drawing, together wihthaff an I 7 ' . ' 
 
 figure of a beaft, which feems to have been defigned for a f"/*"^^''- "^'^ - ^^o the 
 
 hTtr;;: - -'-'-'^ p'^^-^ - .hf iyrvMehrri:: 
 
 No part of the pavement within the central odason exifts at nri-frnf R„f ,v , r 
 .andum.w, „themargmofoneofBradIeyLrawt^^r^^^^^^^ 
 
 fou o t r ' "''"'^ '^S"" =" P'°''^"^ fi-'" '° "Wch fort the ent; of 
 
 P^lt;;:?:^:at:f^fl;!-::-^^^^ 
 
 The figures in the north-caft angle, which are more perfeftThan any o he were vidend v 
 
 In PI VII, & IX. the former of which reprefents the fouth, and the latter the north fide of this 
 pavement, an attempt is made to give as nearly a fac-fimile of it as nodihle Th 7 , I 
 
 have been defiroyed, and which clld be rcfio'red with certa n^ a''r^, ; exle^dTn I ill: 
 colour. Some of the figures are alfo reftored in the fame manner fr^m Mr Brown's dt jug luc' 
 p^ts as are coloured Ihew what remained entire at the time of the difcovery in ,753. Thefe p ate' 
 
 L a fcat! f^:,f " '"""'y ' °f the work than could be expreffed 
 
 Jckc^Mlf'^'^r f T ^"T"' 'I " ^" »d figures, 
 
 Tre reZl f ' "^.'^^f""'-'' ''X determined outhnes ; and thcfe parts wh ci^ 
 
 a e reflored from conjedure, are expreflid only by dotted outlines (loj. In this plate wheTe ^ 
 attempt ,s made to give fome idea of the original defign, the figure's L better dra™ tlan "h:; 
 
 rwiuZrr™" ^z"'"^'". » ditovtcd „ .. " 5!™™; of 7*, """i' " ■ 
 
 n WiltOiire .n 1730, and (n a very elegant one found between ? ^ ' *" P'»" " f'™" 
 
 Ivonand and Cheire in S„itzefland in 1778 „ ™|^'°°"'' f"""' ""Sg™ luds of Ihc bricks which ace ufed in 
 
 ^^^S^^^B si25;------»--obec. 
 
 ■ appear 
 
2 ROMAKANTI Q_U I T I E S 
 
 pavement, parts of which had frequently appeared on the digging of graves in the church-yard, and 
 were probably obfcrved foon after that ground was appropriated to the purpofe of a cemetery. The 
 earheft mention made of this difcovery is in the Additions to Camden's Britannia, publi{hed 
 in 1695, by billiop Gibfon, who en'oneoufly fuppofes the pavement to have belonged to a religious 
 houfe which formerly flood at Woodchefter(2). He alfo mentions the difcovery of Roman coins, 
 and other antiquities there. 
 
 The mofaic pavement in the church-yard is mentioned likewife by Sir Robert Atkyns in his Hijlory 
 of Giot4ceJ}erpire{2i)- 
 
 In the fecond volume of Count Caylus's Recueil d'Antiquith^ printed at Paris in 1756, part of 
 this pavement is reprefented in Tab. CXXVL, being the fegment of feveral circular borders, in- 
 cluding the figures of a lion, a lionefs, and a peacock (4). This plate was engraved from a defign 
 of one R, Bradley, which appears to have been very inaccurately drawn. Several other drawings 
 by Bradley of the fame fubjea are ftill extant (5}, which, from a memorandum on one of them, 
 appear to have been made in the year 1722. 
 
 A drawing of part of the above-mentioned pavement was alfo made about the fame time by 
 Edmund Brown efquire (the gentleman at whofe expence the ground is faid in Caylus to have been 
 opened]. This defign is on a fmall fcale, but well executed, and will be found in moft parts very 
 accurate ; it contains the part engraved in Caylus, befides feveral other figures (6). 
 
 About ten years ago a fmall part of this pavement was again uncovered, containing the figures of 
 an elephant and feveral birds (7), being a part of what was drawn by Mr. Brown. Though much 
 care was taken by tlie redtor for its prefervation, the wet and froft have long fince entirely 
 deftroyed it. 
 
 Difcovei7bi793. In the year 1793, on the digging of a vault for the interment of the late John Wade efquire, of 
 Pudhill, at the depth of four feet below the furface of the ground, fo confiderable a portion of the 
 fame pavement was laid open, as, together with other openings which were made in the courfe of that 
 and the following year, enabled me to afcertain its form and dimenfions. It appeared to have been 
 a fquare of forty-eight feet ten inches. The complete defign of this pavement could now 
 alfo be afccrtained, which, for fize and richnefs of ornaments, is, I believe, equalled by few of thofe 
 difcovercd in other provinces of the Roman Empire, and is undoubtedly fuperior to any thing of 
 the fame kind hitherto found in this country. 
 Dercripibn of The general defign is a circular area, twenty-five feet in diameter, inclofed within a fquare 
 pve^rent.""''^^"^ frame, confifting of twenty-four compartments, enriched with a great variety of guilloches, fcrolls, 
 frets, and other antique architedlural ornaments, edged on the infide by a braided guilloche, and on 
 the outfide by a labyrinth fret, between a fingle fret and a braided guilloche. 
 
 {;) " Woodchettcr, fimous for Us celTeraick work of painted 
 " beafts and flowers, which appears in the church-yardj two or 
 " three foot deep in making the graves. If we may believe 
 
 tradition, earl Godwin's wife built a religious houfe here wiih 
 *■ thofe pretty ornaments that are yet to be leen. Here anciently 
 " flood a chapel dedicated to bithop Blaifej and in digging up 
 " the foundations of it, there were found anrieni Roman coins 
 " and other Roman antiquities. In a vault alfo many human 
 " bodies were difcovercd, whofe fculls and teeth were entire, 
 " white and firm." Page 275. 
 
 (3) " There is a pavement in the church-yard three or four 
 " foot under ground curiouQy inlayed in telTeraick work, fuppofed 
 " to be the floor of the habii.ition of fome Roman general, which 
 " gave name to a caftle in this place i the pavement is of con- 
 " fiderablc length and breadth, but the true dimenfions are not 
 " difcovercd." Sir Robert Alkyns's HiJiBry^ p. 848, 
 
 (4) It is accompanied with the following defcription: — 
 " C'eft ici unc pirtie du compartiment fuperieur d'un pave 
 " Romain, qui fe irouve dans le cimeiicre de Woodchefler, pres 
 " dc Minchin Hampton dans le comte deGloccfter. Lediamcrre 
 " de fon ■f.'.us grand cercle eft tcrmine par un ouvrage a carreaux 
 " dans le gout de la mofaiquc [rouvec depuis peu a Stansfield 
 
 " [Stuiijfield] dans le comte d'Oxford. On dit que le tout eft 
 " loucenu par des arcades, dont plufleurs ont tie rompues depuis 
 " peu par le facriftain. Les pierres ou les briques qui forment les 
 " diverfes figures, qu'on voii ici reprefentees, ont environ un demi- 
 " pouce cube de grofleur, & celles qui compofent I'ouvrage a car- 
 " reau, ont environ un pouce. Le pave entier, avec Tes deujt 
 " compartimens, aceni quarante & unpiedsde long. Laterreaeie 
 " creulEe aux depens d'Edmond-Browne Bodborough [iJe Rod- 
 " horough}, ecuyer, & ce delFein a e:e fait & colorie fur Ic lieu par 
 R. Brodley IBradleyy Page 407. The extent of the pave- 
 ment is crroneoudy defcribed in this account, probably from its 
 having been fuppofed that fome other pavement then difcovercd 
 was connefled with it. 
 
 (5) One of thefe is in the library of the Society of Antiquaries, 
 another in the Colleaion of Richard Cough efq., and a third in 
 the Britifti Mufcum. There is an engraving of the fame fubjcit 
 in Mr. Gough's edition of Camden's Bnlanma, 
 
 (6) This drawing is now in the poflrcffion of Sir George Paul 
 bart. 
 
 (7) An engraving of this was publilhcd by ihc Society of 
 Antiquaries in the ad vol. of the " iVIonumenta Vetufta." 
 
 The 
 
AT WOODCHESTER 
 
 to be filled with fo hard a cement tMt it 1 ? W^"=d 
 
 of which the teffet. wete forZ nTl^t 7' f " *™ ' """^ 
 
 compofed of a ccarrer gravel w th wWch ™ t f'T ""^ "PP^-d 
 
 this, another of a refdiih VaTd and ct "^^^^^^ f""'- -d below 
 
 which lay on the natnral foil , ^' P"^" ^ i" depth, 
 
 ported by three others of the fan,e tUekner o o e« 7 f "f" °' P^^="™*' ^''P- 
 
 there is no pavement remaining in t^y of tl.ofe ^Tf ' '^'"^ ^^^^ As 
 
 tioned ftones were difeovered 'a d 7a 1 t & re' HI' T!'' °™ °' - 
 
 great reafon to believe that they we e p ed bT hel? f1 " " f^^^^' 
 
 ftones were the foundation o/one of therl^Vthat tt =b-e-mentio„ed 
 
 was of the kind called by the Romans Z^fy^! ™" " ^~ '^'""^^^ 
 
 ^^^^:^rZ^JS-t;:it:r-r'^^^^^ fl.esr™ning„nderit. 
 a great part of them, by which means the r d^rV ' P"*"™ '° "«P ^''""6^ 
 
 four feet high, and^Ie foot elZIlt "ThrblZ^^^^^^ ^'^^^^ 
 
 fouth appear to have communicated with funnels pi Id in th^waTl r T ™ """^ '° 
 
 thefe which remained were of brick tile and of the d c 7 . . " Two of 
 
 are marked on one fide with lines which fc^^^^^^ t r^"" ^'^ The/ 
 n^oift, in order that the 2::2.;::t^^:;2^: "'^ ' '""'^^^ 
 
 wide at the ends. See PI. XX H fi^ ''^^^<=\}f 'hj tops of them became only fix inches 
 par. The^adedpartof fig.^^; :'^:^:^:/t:Z^:^^Z^- 
 ^Z. t'^^— if - ar !r;d With 
 
 ^:t;oS^.:t3t;i:r-— 
 
 or ::'s;i;tf ntt^^:^^ :::;L:ta:L'^:r"'^" ^"-^f - ^ 
 
 eL, evjQtnt traces ot other rooms appeared, confiftin.r of 
 
 fij) Very particular directions are given by Vitrnvinq fnr ,1.. tr i-u it 
 rW.r,/,;. o, formation of ,l,= fobftr.fa of pLenren, f He aferwa'rt'/?T""/™"'"'" «1>. vii. c. 
 
 «ere laid on lire ground, he fays that it ftould be iriadr j defcnbes the method of laying the lai^mZ 
 
 A/.-.., rormrf of Hon.,, none of .hich ;er^ to be leH.i S e„unt'v''t'''"; *r»""J in .hi. 
 
 an f„l. „e.t»a. to be l.M the r.d.,. „i,h three pa,„ o .h h! a° E f IJoor„e"° '.T?'^""?'. f" Koman b„h difcomed 
 
 if It was new. one part of lime was lobe mixed_if a renalr, ,l,-u i '",'7i6. and defcribed by Dr. Tabor in the 
 
 one, ,«o parts of lime were to be mixed. wS st ol h TX' *cht"e"?efci'' ''"■''^P'""' TranfaaLns. the Volition 
 
 The r.J., was to be not lefs than nine inches i„ thicknef., aS ° lj.ro fand i r ' 1 ''T"" '""""'I °f » 
 
 made very compaft by frequent beatings with wooden rammers « „ ' f k t j°' '5" <"'' "'i''' g'e>ar 
 
 Upon thia rW., wa, to be laid the „cL, conCding of ™SS .. f.bbaoe fSll n°H P°"l>"d> » g"i»s. not iargef than 
 
 tifa or potfherds to three parts of which was to be added one of " mortafab™ . " t 'l","" » °f 
 
 lime, and upon the ™r;,.r the pavement. ^_ "jor at about nine inches thick; and beneaih the abed 
 
 " Statuminetu, „e minore faxo, q„am quod poffit manum " Bi„,"° Ih"^! " ' ''"''"'l^ wl>i<:l. wa, pitched with 
 
 implere 1 ftatuminibus induais rudetetur? Kudus f, novum SL fol „1 X ' To'"' " '™" ("'i''' Dr. 
 
 erir, ad tres partes una calcis mifceatur. 11 redi.i.um fueri™ the chy ^ a firm Y ' Vitruvius). Under 
 
 quinque ad duum mixtione, habeant refponfom. Deinde rodu nd fine " „ the h k '?r' ^"1 '"^ 
 
 inducatur et veftibus lignei. decuriis iodudis crebriter pinfa. Shrwlbn-e in ,,s/ difcovered at Wroxeter in 
 
 tione fohdetur. et id non minus pinfum abfolotum craOitidine " ^7"""' " l«? on a bed of mot. 
 
 fit dodra.tis. Infoper ex tefta nucleus inducatur, mixtionenj derabt He ,h ^ i t" '*»"" <•> » ""O- 
 
 haben, ad ttes p.t.es unam calcis, uti „e minore C cr « of ^ortarToon t°t" " ' '<"■' ''y 
 
 pavimentnm d.gitorum fenom. Supra nudeum, ad regolam « vol i" p 3°j." a6. °" °f P»"»M bricks." Archiologi.. 
 
 ' the 
 
ROMAN ANTIQ^UITIES 
 
 ■ 1 r.,r dates which arc intended to cxprefs fac-fimile. of the mofaic work; in which, 
 appcM in the larger plates, ^wcn r ^^^^ ^^^.^^^ ^ ^^^^^^^^ 
 
 ™rf'*t CrwIt^wS^^^^^^^ bei„g(with 
 f--^' J arlto be found in the moll chafte works of ancient architefturc; though, 
 
 very few exceptions) f-^as^- o ^ ^prfH („). 
 
 from the coarfenefs of ^e^^-. X ,-„g,y, ,u of them e.- 
 
 Thc co-partmen. c ^ he ^^^^ . ^^^^^^^ ^^^^ 
 
 „en,ely ';^=5-./"Vh; colour:^ a dark bluilh grey, red, white, and fevera. lhades of brown : 
 Sre^f therfufed for the outlines, and the red, light brown, and wh.te, are rntroduced 
 
 ="^i:is:r::;r:s^ir:s^^ 
 
 nature 
 
 The figures generally "Pf \\ '"/"^ j"'; ^...^ „eafure, to be attributed to the 
 ufually occurring in works " ^-^^ ^.f ^ .^e angular fpaees. between the 
 
 of the materials ot which tney are j extremely well difpofed for 
 
 fCS^aro^:":^^^^^^^^^^ former, ftood, as marked with a dotted line 
 
 PI VI IX 8c X.- and the dark ground on which they are reprefented produces a very good 
 effea by diftinguilhing the form of the great circular compartment. Part of the pavement near the 
 north-eaft corner is a good deal difcolourcd, apparently by fire. , i. f i if 
 
 The efler.(.3) of which this pavement is compofed are, for the moll part, nearly cubes of half 
 anlch thof of the outward border are larger, and thofe near the centre much fmaller Many 
 are triangular, and of various other lhapes. The whole when entire could not therefore have con- 
 tained lefs than a million and a half of them. , ' r I,- . f,). 
 
 Moft of the materials of which they arc formed are the produce of this country except the 
 white, which are of a very hard calcareous ftone, bearing a good polilh, and nearly refembling the 
 Palombino marble of Italy. Nothing could anfwer the purpofe better than this fubftanee, and it 
 was employed by the Romans in many of their mofaic pavements in other parts cf Europe. The 
 dark bluilh grey arc of a hard argillaceous ftonc, found in many parts of the vale of Glouecftcr, and 
 there called blue Ijas. The afli-eolour are of a fimilar kind of ftone and frequently found m the 
 fame maffes with the former. The dark brown are of a gritty ftone, found near Briftol, and in the 
 foreft of Dean. The lighteft brown nearly refcmble a hard calcareous ftone found at Lypiat, about 
 two miles from Woodcheller. The red are of a fine fort of brick. ,, , . 
 
 In the autumn of 1704, an opportunity occurred of exploring the ground to a conf.derable depth 
 near the north-weft corner of the pavement where it had formerly been broken up. The cement on 
 which the pavement was laid appeared to be about eight inches thick, and compofed of fine 
 
 (■■) The i^oll co„rpicuo„, ol tkfe are the Vitr„,i.» fcoll, extent. Sed t'™"o™?i"55 
 
 ,h= L.b,,i,.h fret, .n/.he Guilloche. Th« elegit ora.me.t. " d,rea,o,.em. S, teffet s It,»a™ e t ™ °"»" "f"^ 
 ;r™ll, e. lied the hr.:i«. Ar.ll. i. one of the moft ..eient .„d h.be.nt "" f",^^ 
 
 omverfal occotting ii, the remains of .ne.ent „ch,.eanre and .ngnl, S„7 
 
 p.in,i„.t fee P, Ix. 'i^;' ^^^jj ^1^, " "Vj J :ir™ongrSmmS.t'o^^o?th" L&fto 't^'figLfiTI- 
 
 entiehed ""h fotage JJ^J J™f^/« ^^^'^ l^'^^^f jjk ".on of the words /eSi& and fome contending that the 
 
 c°ll° r4 t, ,™ , o ™ "m foo a" " iefn ofed that no difference bet.ee/ them only atofe ftotj the matetial. of .hieh 
 
 o ament is oftene mployed in the manufaflore. of China and the, «ete formed-the former be.ng of natnt.l Hones, and the 
 
 laoa™ Tte mL™ more frequend, occnrs than any other latter of compohnont others, that the form alone conftttnied that 
 
 iH™ in mora e pavement! , it has feveral varieties which difference, the latter bcng always fqoate, and the former conMlmg 
 
 mi.ht be diHingmfhed by the epithet! of twilled. Pi. XXI. of rhombs, triangle!, fquarei. and hexagon!, 
 
 fc,o double twilled, Bg. i b"i'i=<l. 'l-^ "ti <i<>»M= '"PR'f"" *" 'ke /#r* were the >>»t"i«k of 
 
 bSid'ed ■ (ig , The otnamen; fig. to., which doe! not eor- mofaic work, and the .he latger p.ece! of marble, whdft 
 
 refDond with any of thofe that occni in architeante, is very fre- the reverfe of this op.nron has been matntained by others. See De 
 
 qnendy to be feen in the mofaic pavements which have been dif- L.efs Lexicon V,trn..a„om, r#™ Fortett, de Moft.is, p. , 
 
 covered in this coontry Fig, I ii wa!, no doubt, intended for a Newton'! V.ttuvms, p. i SS- i Tranf. vol. xxx. p, 566. s 
 
 ■border of acorns and fi". " ^ for a flower which is often feen in Antiquites d'Avenche! par M. Schmidt, p. 64. The term 
 
 atchiteaaral decoration!." "I"-' t""- .however, onivcrfall, adopted by the modern! to 
 
 .... expref! the material! of mofaic work, whatever its otiginal meaning 
 
 Vittu.iu!, after defcribing the manner m »hieh the ' |„ve been, 
 
 foundations of pavement! were to be made, proceeds thus;— ^^^^ fpecimens of the Woodchefter mofaic, as I had an op- 
 
 Supra nucleum, ad regulam Si kbellam exafta, pavimenta »iu- ^,„^„^ „f examining, were compofed of matetiali which ap- 
 
 " antur, five feftilibus, feu teflitris. Com ea extfufla luerint, et ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^j^^^^^ jj, ^ j^^^^ gf^g^, 
 
 r,.in„;, „,.>., ,Aln...... Inl,,,^..,,, in frirenriir. tin fi fefll la fint. ^ . . , . . r . .1 ^ r . .1. _ r 
 
 _„._^ _ jxtruaiones habuerint, ita fricentur, titi ft feftilia fint, 
 lull" gradus in fcutulis, aut trigonis, aul quadratis, feu favis 
 
 lards rubbed to a fmooth furface on the upper fide. 
 
 gravel, 
 
If 
 
 ROMAN ANTI Q_U I T I E S 
 
 removed from the extreme hardnefs of the cement, and the four fragments of a mofaic pavement, 
 reprcfcnted in PL XIX. were laid open. 
 
 The fragments of this pavement winch remain are fufficient to afcertain the general deiign of i 
 it; fee PI. XIX. They are in a good tafte, and very fimilar to that of a large mofaic pavement ' 
 difcovered at Avenches(i5) in Switzerland. The defign confifts of five oftagonal compart- 
 ments, containing figures on a white ground, furrounded by a double labyrinth fret j immediately 
 within which on the north fide is a fcroll of flowers, having a vafe in the centre ; fee PL XX. 
 fig. 3, In the remains of the compartments at the north-weft and fouth-eaft corner are fragments of 
 Bacchanalian figures. The oftagonal compahment at the fouth-wefl: corner is entire, and contains 
 fi.gures of two boys holding up a bafket of fruit and leaves, with the words BONUM EVEN- 
 TUM'(ro; infcribed under them. The compartment at the north-eaft corner had nothing re- 
 maining within the odagonal border, except the letters BIINII C being part of the 
 
 remainder of the foregoing infcription; the laft word has probably been COLITE, which would 
 exa£(ly fill up the fpace which is effaced. The infcription would then be (17) *' BONVM 
 " EVENTVM BENE COLITE." It is reprcfcnted of half the original fize in PL XX. fig. i 
 and 2.) in order more diftindtly to flicw the form of the letters. One peculiarity is to be obferved 
 in this- infcription, II {no doubt intended for the Greek H) is introduced for E ; a circumftance 
 by no means uncommon in the Roman infcriptions, and equally occurring, whether the E be 
 long or fhort(i8). Unfortunately the date of few of thofe infcriptions is known, fo that this 
 peculiarity will not ferve as a criterion towards afcertaining the age of the mofaic, which it 
 might otherwife have done. 
 
 The room to which this pavement belonged, appears to have been a fquare of twenty-two feet 
 ten inches ; the walls, which are two feet thick, and formed of fl:one roughly hewn, remain to the 
 height of about three feet on every fide. Several fragments of ftucco, painted in frefeo, were 
 found among the rubbifli, and fome adhering to the walls ; the colours of which were very frelh when 
 wetted (2g\ Some fpecimens of them are reprefented in Pi. XXXI. fig. i, 2, and 3. On the weft 
 fide there was a double wall, with a fpace of fix inches between them ; a circumftance frequently 
 occurring in the remains of Roman buildings (2o\ 
 
 Several flues were difcovered under the laft-mentioned pavement, crofling each other at right 
 angles j they were four feet in depth, and one foot eleven inches in width. At the end of feveral 
 
 Fragments of 
 ftucco. 
 Pl.XXSI. 
 
 Flues under the 
 pavcmeiii. 
 
 (15) See " Recueil d'Aniiqukes trouvees a Avenches par Mr. 
 " Schmidt," pi. i. 
 
 (16) Bonus Eveniui was one of the Roman deities, and had a 
 temple at Rome. Pliny mentions a (taiue of this deity, the work 
 of Eviphranor, holding a patera in his right hand, and an ear of 
 corn and a poppy in his left (lib. xxxiv. c. B.) ; and another in 
 the Capitol, hy Praxitilcs (lib. xxxvi. c. 5.). He is reprefented in 
 
 ■ ' 1 the reverfe of a coin of Titus (lee the tail- 
 
 piece ot 
 
 ■f this work, fig. 2.). The reverfe of a coin of Geta hi 
 a female figure holding a diftiof fruits in her right hand, and ears 
 of corn in her left, with this infcription— BONl EVENTUC (fee 
 the tail-piece, fig. 1.). 
 
 Varro reckons Bonus Eventus among the twelve deities who 
 prefidcd over the affaiis of hufbandry, lib. i. de Re. Ruf. 
 
 (17) Infcriptions have been found on mofaic pavements in 
 many parts of Europe, though none, I believe, in England be- 
 fore the prefent difcovery. In that of the Temple of Fortune at 
 Palajftrina, the ancient Prfenefte, fuppofed to be the lame men- 
 tioned by Pliny, lib. xxxvi. c. 25. are the names of various ani- 
 mals in Greek. One difcovered at Augfbourg more than two 
 centuries ago had figures of gladiators in compartments, with 
 names infcribed under them. This is engraved in Welfer's Res 
 Auguftanjc Vindclicie, p. 237., and in the firit volume of Gruier's 
 Infcriptions, p. 336. Another difcovered at Avenches in 1679, 
 reprelcnling the figures of difi^erent animals, had this infcription — 
 POMPElANO ET AVITO COSS KAL. IAN. (which con- 
 fulate was in the reign of Scptimius Severus). Another, dif- 
 covered at the lame place in 1689, had the head of a man in 
 the middle, ami dolphins at the corners, with this infcripiion — 
 PROSI'HASIVS FECIT. See Schmidt's Antiquities of 
 Avenches, p. 22. A mofaic pavement, found ac Verona, had the 
 
 names of thofe who contributed money towards the making of it. 
 See Furietii de MuTivis, p. 61. Another, difcovered in 1755 ac 
 Metz in France, had DIANAE VENATRICI infcribed on it. 
 See Recueil d'Ani. de Caylus, vol. v. pi. cxviii. A fragment of 
 mofaic is engraved In Wincklcman's Monumenti Antichi Inediti, 
 pi. clxv. reprefenting the head of a ptiiiofopher, with this 
 infcription— rNnoi CATTON (ftc); and, in the laft autumn, I 
 was io fortunate as to difcover a very curious pavement near 
 Frampton in Dorfetlhire, which has three hexameter verfcs in- 
 fcribed in mofaic, 
 
 (18) In an infcription in Gruter, vol. i. p. 741. fig. g. we 
 find BIINII MHRliNTI; in another, vol. ii. p. 942. fig. 3. 
 IVLIAII, and BIIANII MERENTI. The only one in that 
 work, the age of which can with any probability be gueficd at, 
 is in vol. li. p. 1019. fig. a. which has NATIS bllVIIRI, 
 fuppofed to allude to Caracalla and Geta, the fons of Sepcimius 
 Severus. Other examples may be fcen in Gruter, vol. i. p. 63. 
 fig, 7, p. 98. fig. 2. p. 656. fig. 6. vol. 2. p. 818. fig. 3. p, 968. 
 f. 4. 856. f. 11. and 903. f. II.— The H Is ufed for E on the 
 reverfe of a coin of Gallienus in the word SECVLARHS. 
 
 f 19) Vitruvius fays, that when colours are carefully laid on wet 
 plafter they will laft for ever. " Colores auiem udo teftorlo cum 
 " dlligenter I'unt indufli, ideo non remittunt, fed funt perpetuo 
 " permanentes," lib. vil, c. 3, 
 
 (20) Viituvius direfls this to be done in damp Ctuations on the 
 ground-floor. " Sin autem aliquis paries perpetuos habueric 
 
 humores, paulum ab co recedalur, et ftruatur alter tenuis 
 " dirtans ab co quantum res patietur," lib. vii. c. 4, 
 
 A double wail was difcovered in the remains of a Roman build- 
 ing near Mansfield Woadhoufe in Nottinghamihire. Sec Archxo- 
 logia, vol. viii. p. 366. 
 
 D of 
 
g ROMANANTICLUITIES 
 
 ,he hard cement on which the pavements had been laid ; and it is faid that part of a mofaic pave, 
 ment was obferved abom the fpot marlced (a) in the plan, PI. V. on the d.ggmg of a grav there 
 fcveral vears ago, and alfo in the middle airte of the church, but no further d.fcoveries could now 
 be made in that direaion. Ccnfrderable remains of a wall have been fmce difcovered rnnnmg 
 from north to fouth, under the eaft end of the chancel, and of another on the north fide of the 
 chancel, at right angles with the former, as Ihewn at (b) in Fl. V. and c. e. m PI. VI. 
 Rem,™ .f . On the call fide of the great pavement are the remains of a paffage twenty-nine feet four inches 
 ES™."'"'' lone and feven feet and a half wide, leading to the centre of it, the emrance into which was by a 
 door three feet wide. See PI. VI. N" 5. The floor, which is of a coarfe mofaic work, remains 
 entire; it is ornamented with a double labyrinth fret of a dark bluilh grey on a white ground, fur- 
 rounded by a plain red ftripe. ItisreprefentedinPl. XII. fig. I. . ,. , 
 
 The teffera: are neatly cubes of an inch, and of the fame materials as thofe mentioned in the 
 defcription of the great pavement. At the eaft end of .this paffage, part of another pavement was 
 difcovered laid over it, a foot above its level. It was of much coarfcr materials than the original one, 
 and very ill executed ; the defign being nothing more than ftripes of white, blue, and red, very 
 irregularly put together. 
 
 PL. xra. Adjoining to this palTage on the fouth fide of it, and alfo to the eaft fide of the great pavement, 
 is the mofaic pavement of another room, PI. VI. N" 3. The defign is very Cmple and elegant, 
 ccnfifting of a mat of three colours, dark grey, red, and white, furrounded by a double red border. 
 See PI. XIII. The mofaic is of the fame degree of coarfenefs as that of the laft mentioned one. 
 
 No remains of mofaic pavements have been difcovered further caftward, but feveral founda- 
 tions of walls, as marked in the ground plan, PI. VI. N" 4. 
 M.6icp.v,„c„. About twenty years ago, part of another mofaic pavement was dileovered in an orchard lying on 
 •fa^ongpit,,. ^1^^ ^j. churchyard, which appeared to have belonged to a gallery running towards the 
 
 fouth fide of the great pavement. The part which was then laid open, being about fifteen feet in 
 length, was very perfcfi when firft difcovered, but has been long fince entirely deftroyed. In 
 December 1793, by digging in the direflion in which it ran, feveral other parts of it were cafily dif- 
 covered, fufiieient indeed to afcertain the whole defign, except a few compartments at the centre, 
 which had been deftroyed in making deep graves. The gallery, of which this pavement was the^ 
 floor, appears to have been one hundred and fourteen feet in length, and ten in width ; except where 
 it paifcs the wall of the great pavement, in which part it is only nine feet wide. The mofaic is of 
 the fame degree of coarfenefs as that of the other paflages, and ornamented with a great variety of 
 patterns, eonfifting chiefly of labyrinths, mats, and ftars, for the moft part in a good tafte, forming 
 fquare compartments, having a fingle twifted guilloehe and two plain red ftripes running round the 
 whole of them; fee PI. XI. fig. i. where the difpofition of the difierent compartments is fhewn by 
 an outline on a fmall fcale — the other figures exhibit fpecimens of the ornaments. The labyrinth 
 at the eaft end, fig. 3. has been very coarfely patched with rude ftripes of blue, red, and white. 
 
 Thofe parts of the wall of this gallery, which remained on the fouth fide, were two feet thick, 
 and beyond it towards the fouth was a hard terrace floor. 
 
 As the pavement was deftroyed at the centre, and no foundations of the wall remained there, it was 
 impofiible to afcertain whether there had been any entrance from this gallery immediately into the 
 room to which the great pavement belonged, 
 lurtiit. difeo' Haviug obtained leave of Samuel Wathen efq. the proprietor of the adjoining orchard, to open 
 "hard" P^tt of his gtouud, a holc was dug oppofite the centre of the great pavement in the church- 
 
 yard, at the diflance of about twenty-five feet from the churchyard wall, where, at the depth of 
 three feet below the furface of the earth, there appeared a floor of very hard cement or terrace • 
 on removing fome of which, a fmall fragment of a mofaic pavement was difcovered fix inches below 
 the level of that floor (14). The whole of the terrace floor was rhen not without much difficulty 
 
 (P4) Thefe inwcftigations were carried on under thcdireflion whote zealous and judicious exertions have very maccrially con- 
 of Mr. George I-Iawker, a gentleman refidenc near (he fpot, uibutcd to the pretent difcovcry. 
 
 removed, 
 
ATWOODC HESTER. g 
 
 Another mofaic pavement was difcovered on the fouth fide of this paflage, nineteen feet three ^^^""^ pnvment. 
 inches long, and thirteen feet eight inches wide ; and confiderable remains of walls round it (Pi. VI. 
 N*^ 6. J. The delign ot the mofaic is very fimpie and elegant, confifting of two fquare compart- 
 ments filled with labyrinths, and united together by a braided guilloche • on the outfidc of which 
 it has two narrow red ftripes. See Fl. XIV. The tefiers are of the coarfer kind, none of them 
 being lefs than a cubic inch in fize; A great quantity of very hard mortar was found lying on this 
 pavement. 
 
 Several holes and channels were afterwards dug to a confiderable extent on the north and weft 
 fides of the room, PL VI. N"* lo; but no further difcoverics could be made either of pavements or 
 walls in that direilion. On the weft fide of the building there was a hard terrace floor, extending 
 to the diftance of fcveral feet from the outward wall. Some remains of a Hypocauft were difcovered 
 in the churchyard at p. (PI. VI.J. 
 
 In the fpring of 1794, an opening was made in a field called the Parks, belonging to Samuel Difcoveriea in the 
 Wathen efquire, lying on the fouth fide of the churchyard, and fcparated from it by a road (fee of 1794!''^'^'"'^ 
 PI. v.), This opening was made in a part of the field immediately oppoftte the great pavement in the 
 churchyard, where ridges in the ground, running at right angles with that pavement, pointed out a 
 continuation of the building. Here the remains of feveral walls were foon found at the depth of 
 about three feet below the furface of the ground; but the difcovery was not then profccuted to any 
 great extent, as the tenant of the field was defirous that the work might be poftponcd till the 
 autumn, when a confiderable progrefs was made in tracing the courfe of the walls. Thefe were in the autumn of 
 built of the ftone of the country (which much refembles the Portland ftone) roughly hewn. In many 
 places only the , foundations remained j they were generally two feet fix inches wide at the bottom, 
 which was two feet two inches below what appeared to have been the level of the floors. They had 
 three fet-offs, as our mafons call them, at the bottom. (See a Sedtion of one of them, PL XXVIII. 
 fig. 2.) 
 
 The dimenfions of three large rooms were afcertained (fee the plan PL VI. N" 25, 26, and 27.); w^iia of .w 
 one of them was thirty-eight feet fquare, another thirty-eight feet by forty-fix, and the third thirty- iomeT"""^'^* 
 eight feet by fifty-one. The walls remained in feveral places to the height of four feet from the 
 foundation. Thofe on the north fide were two feet two inches wide, and in fome places lined with 
 brick work; the fouth walls were one foot ten inches wide. The outfide of thefe walls was 
 plaftered in feveral places, and painted of a dull red colour. Many fragments of the ftucco, with 
 which they had been plaftered on the infide, were found among the rubbifti, painted with various 
 colours in frefco, and on feveral of them were fragments of infcriptions ; but none of thefe were 
 fufficicntly entire to be made out. See PL XXXI. fig. 4, 5, 6, and 7., which exhibit fpecimens of 
 them. Near the fouth-eaft corner of the room, PL VI. N" 26., were fome remains of a pavement» 
 confifting of large bricks nineteen inches long, and one foot wide ; and in the rubbifti contained 
 within the fcite of this, as well as of the two other large rooms above mentioned, great quantities 
 of tefierie of various fizes were found; from whence it may be fuppofed, that fome parts at leaft 
 of the pavement of thofe rooms were of mofaic. Several flices of marble of different forts, and Fragments of 
 principally foreign, were alfo found there; the ftiapes and dimenfions of fome of which may be ™f[^'xxx. 
 feen in PL XXX., where fig. i. is of the coarfe-grained faligno; and fig. 2. of the fine ftatuary or 
 Parian. Fig. 3. is of a brownifli red with dark veins; fig. 4. much refembles the Purbeck and 
 Petworth marbles. Fig. 5., which is there coloured in imitation of the original marble, is of a very 
 remarkable and beautiful kind ; it has a whitifti ground with light green and dark veins, Thefe 
 flices may have been employed either for incrufting the walls, or in the pavements ; it is probable 
 that the thinneft of them, which are not more than a quarter of an inch thick, were ufed foi the 
 latter purpofe (23). 
 
 (23) The Romans ufed (Ikes of marble for incrufting van- where, in wriring to his architeft, he fays, " Vclim cmas mar- 
 ous pjfc;, both of the infide and outfide of their buildings. See " mora, quibus falum, quibus parieces excoUntur." 
 Plin. Hift. Nat. lib. xxxvi. c. 6. and Plin. Epift. lib.ix. cp. 39. 
 
 E The 
 
8 ROMANANTI Q_U I T I E S 
 
 of them were funnels of brick tile, placed upright in the wall, fimilar to thofe before mentioned. 
 Some accident feems to have happened to tiiefe flues, which dcftroyed the greater part of ths 
 mofaic pavement over them ; for it feems to have been forced up and demoliflicd every where in the 
 direftion of the flues, and the edges of that which remains appear cracked. The floor of cement 
 was probably laid over to fupply the place of that which had been fo dcftroyed. 
 
 The remains of another room, twenty feet ten inches by twenty feet two inches, were difcovered 
 adjoining to that laft dcfcribed (PI. VI. N° 9.); the floor was formed of the dime kind of cement 
 and the walls remained nearly to the fame height, and were of the fame thicknefs ; under the floor, 
 t ™pS"t°'' "^'^ °^ '''^ '^'"^ dimenfions as thofe of the adjoining room. (See the plan of them, PI. XXII. 
 
 fig. 2. and a feaion, fig. 3.) On the outfide of the weft wall, about four feet below the furface of 
 the ground, confidcrable remains of the fire-place which heated thefe flues were difcovered. (See 
 PI. VI. o.) The aperture under the wall, where the fire feems to have been placed, was formed by 
 bricks one foot five inches long, one foot wide, and two inches thick ; it is one foot eleven inches 
 wide at the bottom, and fix inches at the top, where a fort of arch is formed by the edges of the 
 bricks gradually advancing beyond each other{2i). See PI. XXII. fig. 5. 
 
 This fire-place has walls one foot eight inches thick on each fide of it, four feet two inches afunder, 
 and projefling four feet from the wall of the room (22). It is probable that this was formerly arched ,' 
 a confiderable quantity of (kuUs and bones of animals, for the moft part fliecp, were found near the 
 fire-place. 
 
 2rp°',™'„,. '^'"= ""m. twenty feet long, and twelve feet eight inches wide, (PI. VI. 
 
 Pi.M.„dXVl. N- 12.) were difcovered on the fouth fide of that laft defcribed, fome part of the mofaic pavement 
 of which was remaining : this is in a very good tafte, and fufiicient for the purpofe of making out the 
 whole dehgii, except the centre. (See PI. XV., and a pan ot it on a larger fcale in PI. XVI. fig. 3.) 
 The defign, when entile, conlilfed uf a circular compartment between two oblong ones, united 
 together by a fingle twifted guilloche, and having a border formed by a labyrinth fret, 'between 
 which and the wall is a confiderable fpace filled up with plain red tefl-era;, rather more than an inch 
 fquare. It is probable that the circular compartment, when entire, contained fome figure in its 
 centre. 
 
 The fragment of the oblong compartment which remains, PI. XVI. fig. 3., is extremely eWant 
 havmg the Vitruvian fcroU with foliage, inclofcd within a Ample Vitruvian fcroU. What wts in 
 the centre of the former cannot be afcertained ; probably a vafe, as exprefl-ed by a dotted line in 
 
 Under the weft wall of the room was a fire-place fimilar to that above defcribed (fee PI. VI. 
 N" 12. n.) ; and near this fpot was found a coin of Magnentius. 
 
 , ., , : — 1- — ui" lu uie eaftern fide. This pavement 
 
 IS ornamented with mats and frets placed alternately, with a red ground formed of large tefferia 
 
 :r:hfor ?fi-™^ ---^"f '•■e fame degree of coarfenffsas*:!: 
 
 (21) Similar fire-places were (iircovered in the remains nf rli^ ApQ-r■„.^■,^ i.- t 
 Roman building near MansSeld Woadlioufe. See Atchmlo^ia ° Su 1, n L>irentinum, fays, Applicitum ell ea. 
 vol. pi. xii. ArcMologia, b,c„b hypocauftom pere«,go„m, quod angufti fenell.J foppo- 
 
 ^pu:;ST's;^rs=5^x-: ^.^'^^i^^^'^i^^^ 
 ..i'tm:S;rKrt;.lr'"'°- 
 
 JneTe''?/™,"™-'"",' ">'t'<^''', A« the heat migh. be ZZe ™l'° Thefaurus Anti,. Roman, ''of De s l 
 
 ■nceafed or M.ned a, pleafure by va„e.. Thus f liny.t .he vTnS;! D^'yt^i^ 2°''''°' "'"^^^ 
 
 Another 
 
I 
 
 ATWOODCHESTER. 
 
 fig. I. Two fragments of an amphora, PI. XXXII. fig. i. were difcovered in the room, PI. VI. 
 N' 45. and part of a large difli of a coarfc earthen ware, PI. XXXII. fig. 2. in the room N" -6. 
 The fragment, PI. XXXII. fig. 3. found in the fame plaee, feems to have been part of fuch a 
 patera as is engraved in the Archiologia, vol. xii. pi. li. fig, 2. 
 
 Several pieces of glafs were alfo difcovered in different parts of the building; three of them are Fr.cme„„of 
 reprefented m PI. XXXIII. fig, 2, 3, and 4. The firft feems to have been the bottom of fome 'Itxxxm. ,, 
 veffel ; it is of a greenifh colour, about a quarter of an inch thick. On one fide it is fmooth, and on 
 the other has lines raifed on the furfacc, as is ufually feen at the bottom of the Roman glafs veffels. 
 Fig. 3, IS the handle of a fmall veffel. Fig, 4. reprefcnts a hollow tube of glafs, of a blue colour, 
 of the fize of the original ; another of the fame fort was found with it. 
 
 At the eaft end of the room, N" 27 in the plan PI, VI, great part of an arch was difcovered R.m.msof „ 
 about three feet below the furface of the earth; many of the ftones adhered together from the 
 ftrength of the mortar. They were faced quite fmooth on the outfide, and all of them nearly of 
 the fame fize. Their dimenfions may be feen in PI, XXVIII, fig, 3,, from which the fpan of 
 the arch feems to have been about five feet. 
 
 From the autumn of 1795 till the fummer of 1796, the inveftigation of the building in the F.„l,„ difc.„- 
 Parks was purfued with little intermiffion ; in the courfe of which time the great court, marked B !i"TOiS;d'',f,». 
 in PI. VI. was traced out, and the foundation-walls of the various apartments round it. On the 
 weft fide is a fuite of twelve rooms, N° 49, &c. in none of which any remains of pavements were 
 difcovered. One of the entrances to this part of the building feems to have been through a fmall 
 veftibule, marked h, PI. VI. where a fragment of a group of Cupid and Pfyche of white marble, Fr.Bn.en. o( . 
 and of pretty good fculpture, was found. See PI. XXXVII. fig. i. (2«) Enough remains of thil STr;.'!,?."''" 
 fragment to ftiew what its original form mufl have been; fee the reftoration of it PI. XXXVII. '''•■^""'™- 
 fig. 2. The attitude is nearly the fame, though not fo good as that of the group in the Grand 
 Duke's Colleftion, engraved in the Mufeum Florentinum, vol. i. pi. xliii. In this place were alfo 
 found fragments of irregularly fliaped columns of ftone ; fee PI. XXIX. fig. 5 and 6. 
 
 The walls of this part of the building are of the fort of ftonc above mentioned, and roughly 
 hewn. Several of them, as well as fome of thofc before defcribed, have ftiipcs of brick tile four 
 inches wide, laid at the diftancc of one foot fcven inches afunder ; each ftripe being formed of two 
 layers of thin tiles turned up at the edges, which are two inches wide. See PI. XXVIII, fig, i. 
 and 2. (29) Several of thefe tiles were found among the ruins of the building with a notch cut at 
 one corner. See PI. XXVIII. fig. 4. ; and others, an inch thick, were turned up on each fide 
 with a notch alfo at one corner, fig. 5. 
 
 Several tiles of an irregular hexagonal form, one of which is reprefented in PI. XXVill. fig. 6. (30) 
 were dug up in many parts of this building. They were, for the moft part, about three quarters of 
 an inch thick, and formed of the gritty kind of ftone mentioned in p. 4. 
 
 Pieces of flags horns, fcveral of them fawed off at the ends, were alfo found here, as in moft Sngshom!. 
 other remains of Roman buildings in this kingdom ; and, in the buildings on the north and weft 
 fide of the great court, feveral human bones, Two coins of large brafs, one of them of Hadrian, Coins, 
 the other of Lucilla, were found within the walls of the room, PI, VI, N° 25. ; and both there, 
 and in various other parts of the building, a confiderable number of fmall brafs coins of the lower 
 empire, chiefly of Tetricus junior, Vidlorinus, Probus, Conftantinus Aug., Conftantinus Nob. 
 Ca;f , Conftantius, Conftantius jun. Nob. Csf , Crifpus Nob, Csf , Magncntius, Valentinianus, and 
 Valens, None of them remarkable either for their prefervation, or the peculiarity of their reverfes, 
 
 (28) For the drawing of this fragment, which gives a very joft were thought to be ornamental. Layers of brick are to he feen in 
 
 itiea of the original, I am indebted to Thomai Lawrence efq, the remains of a building at Metz, figured in the Kecucil d'Antiq, 
 
 R. A. ; as alio for that of the fragment in PI. XL. fig. i. de Caylus, vol. v. pi. cxv and cxvi., and in various other Roman 
 
 (39) Many of the Roman walls remaining in this country, buildings. This mode of building is not mentioned by Vitruvius, 
 
 which are bu)It of flints or other fmall materials, have bricks tiles, ""'^ therefore is fuppofed to have come into ufe fince his time, 
 
 or flat flones, laid in courfes at convenient diftances, for the purpofe '^ '"^ Tmin, and the amphitheatre at Verona, arc built 
 
 of ftrengthening them, as may be feen at St. Alban's, Cokhcfter, '^"""^ manner. Archxologia, vol. iv. p. 96. 
 
 Richborough, and other Roman ftations; but it is ditiicult to (jo) Tiles of a fimilar (hape were found among the ruins of 
 
 imagine for what purpofe they were introduced in this building at the Roman building near Mansfield Woadhoufe. ArchEologia, 
 
 Woodcheffer, which was formed of fquared Hones, unlefs tiiey vok viii. pi. xxii. 
 
 ' On 
 
Dlfcovrnes in the 
 iwumnof 1795. 
 
 Fragments of 
 
 PL. xxxvrir. 
 
 Pl. XXXIX. 
 
 ROMAN ANTIQ.UITIES 
 
 The bafe and capital of a fmall column of the Doric order, formed of the ftone of the country, 
 were found near the wall of the room, Pl. VI. 26. ; the mouldings of which, though not quite 
 correa are neatly wrought. See Pl. XXIX. fig. i. 2. In the fame place was alfo found part of 
 the drapery of a buft of very heavy calcareous fpar; a focket is hollowed out for the head, which 
 was probably either of marble or bronze. Pl. XL. fig. 2. , ^ ,. , r j 
 
 In the autumn of 1795, the bafe, and part of the fliafc of another fmall column, were found 
 within the area of the fame room, having the fame mouldings as that above mentioned, though not 
 fow.ll wrought {fee Pl. XXXIX. fig. 3-}; and by digging channels acrofs the room, Pl. VI. N° 25. 
 fcveral inner walls, two feet four inches wide, were difcovered running m the diredion defcnbed m 
 the plan by hatched lines. Thefe walls were covered with large Bat ftones on the top, which 
 did not rife higher than the foundation of the other walls ; whence it is probable that they fupported 
 joifts for the floor of the room. Great quantities of tefe were alfo found there, and fragments of 
 two fmall ftatues of Parian marble, which retained much of their original whitenefs. 
 
 One of thefe fragments, reprcfentcd in Pl. XXXVIII. fig. i- with a reftoration of it, fig. 2. {24) ; 
 and, in a different point of view, in Pl. XXXIX. is the body of a female figure in drapery, 
 having a bull's head at her feet, and part of the flame of a torch on her right flioulder. This 
 was probably a ftatue of Diana Lucifera (25), who is reprefcnted nearly in the fame manner on the 
 reverfe of a medallion of Fauftina (26) ; and on an antique lamp in Bartoli's " Antiche lucerne 
 *' fepolchrale," P. ii. fig. 36. 
 
 The bull is found in various antiques as an attendant on this deity, or accompanied with her 
 
 fymbols (27). 
 
 The fragment is eighteen inches in height. The fculpture of it is, on the whole, pretty good, 
 though the execution is, in fome parts, rather hard, the folds of the drapery being too ftrongly 
 marked. It was probably copied from fome large ftatue which was intended to be placed at a diftance 
 from the eye, by an artift who had not fufiicient judgment to adapt the ftyle of his work to its fize. 
 
 The other fragment is of very fine fculpture, being the kft foot, and part of the right, of a 
 fmall ftatue placed on a pedeftal, the front of which is moulded. 
 
 From what remains of thefe feet, they appear to have belonged to the ftatue of a young man in 
 the fame attitude as the Meleager in the Vatican Colkaion. Near the left foot are the toes of 
 fome animal ; and before the remains of the right foot is a fmall protuberance, having on the top of 
 it a cavity, in which probably a fpear of bronZe refted. 
 
 Many fragments of red glazed pottery having various figures on them, were alfo difcovered in this 
 part of the building; fome fpecimens of which are reprefcnted in Pl. XXXII. One of them, fig. 5. 
 has a head of Pan, and is ornamented with an irregularly fliaped ovolo{28). Another fragment, 
 fig. 4. has a fea lion and dolphin ; fig. 6. has Pan with his crook and pipe of reeds ; fig. 7. has a 
 dolphin. A fragment of dark-coloured pottery, with white raifed letters, was alfo found, Pl. XXXV. 
 
 (24) For this reftoration I am indebted to Mr. John Fhxman, 
 who, by following the lines of the drapery with clay, afcertained 
 in the moft latisfaftory manner what the defcitive parts of the 
 figure mull originally have been. I am alfo indebted to the fame 
 artift for the reftoration of the group of Cupid and Pfyche in 
 Pl. XXXVIl. 
 
 (25) Diana Lucifera was one of the names under which the 
 great female deitv of the Greeks and Romans, the magna dconini 
 maicr, Cybele, Ceres, or Ifis, was worfliipped. Apuleii Mctam. 
 lib. X.I. 
 
 (s5) Montfaucon, Ant. expl. vol. i. pl. xcii. See the tail- 
 piece of this work, fig, 4. 
 
 (17) On colonial medals of M, Aurclius and Caracalla, Ifis 
 or Diana is feen ftanding between iwo bulls; and on another of 
 the former emperor, Ihe has one bull at her feet. Sec Vailiant's 
 Numif. Imp. Rom. a pop. GrECcloquent. percu(ra,& Paiini Num. 
 There is an antique lamp of bronze, having a figure of this deity 
 in a chariot drawn by bulls, in the colleflion of Charles Townley 
 efquire. It his been engraved by Pirancfi. A fimilar figure is 
 
 to be feen on a Greek medal of Caracalla, See the above men- 
 tioned work of Vaillant, p. 134. edit. 1698. 
 
 in many antiques the bull is feen with ihc crefcent inftead of 
 horns, and in others with it marked on his fide. 
 
 (aij) This irregular ovolo wa.'i almoft conftantly ufed as a mould- 
 ing on this fort of pottery, which fcems to have been the finer 
 kind, which the Romans employed for domellic purpoles, and 
 has been fuppofed to be the fame with the Samian earthen veffels 
 mentioned by Pliny (Hift, Nat. lib, xxxv. c. la,}. Samia 
 
 Numberlefs fragments of this red pottery have been found 
 among the remains of Roman buildings in different parts of 
 Europe. See Receuii d'Antiq. de Caylus, vol. ii. p. 353. Antiq. 
 d'Avenchrs, par M, Schmidt, pl. xx, xxi. Archteologia, vol. viii. 
 pl. vi, vii, viii, is, x, and xxvii. Many vales of the fame kind 
 of pottery, found in the remains of a Roman town between 
 Joinville and St. Dizier in France, have been engraved for 
 a work, intitled " Arts et Metiers des Anciens," par M. L'Abbe 
 de Tercin, not yet publiftied; a copy of the plates of which I 
 have feen in the library of Charles Townley efquire. 
 
 % 
 
AT WOODCHESTER. 
 longitudinal one was one foot nine inches wide at bottom, and fcvcn inches at top; the tranfverfe 
 were fix inches wide at top, and one foot fix inches at bottom. The fides of them arc built partly 
 of unhewn ftone, and partly of brick, forming a rude fort of arched work. The bricks employed 
 for this fubftruaure are of various fizes, but the greater part of them are one foot fi,v inches by one 
 foot (32), and two inches thick. One of them, PI. XXVI. fig. 7. has feveral figures infcribed on 
 It. The mtermed,ate fpacc between the tranfverfe flues is filled up with a fort of ridge tiles forming 
 funnels, and placed between layers of brick and ftone ; the interftices, which are much wider than k 
 ufual mwalhng, are filled with a reddifli clay, fimilar to that above mentioned, as forming part 
 of the fubftrata of the great mofaic pavement. The funnels were one with another eighteen inches 
 long, and four and a half in diameter; fome of them were formed only by one of the curved tiles 
 A row of perpendicular funnels extended along the north and fouth walls, formed of brick tiles' 
 with their edges turned up, in the manner cxprcflid in PI, XXVI. fig. 8 and 10. and the Seffion' 
 fig. 9. ; the tops of thefe funnels were level with the furface of the cement floor, where the oneninel 
 formed by them were three inches wide. In feveral of the funnels were the remains of others which 
 had been placed above, and had flipped down into them; and, no doubt, they were originallv 
 earned up to the fnmmit of the building, as was ufual in the Hypoeaufts of the Romans to 
 convey away the fmoke, and increafe the heat of the room. Sec PI. XXVII. fig. 2. and the feveral 
 Sedlions, fig. 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. 
 
 PI. XXV. exhibits a view of the remains of the lacomcum, taken from the fouth-weft corner 
 ,n which a fragment of the cement floor is fliewn at A, part of the upper layer of bricks at r' 
 and of the fccond layer at C. D exprefiis fome of the horizontal funnels, and F the perpendicular 
 ones, placed againft the walls. Two other horizontal funnels are feen at E E, under each of which 
 is placed another, as may be feen in the Seflion, PI. XXVII. fig. 7. Thefe run diagonally from 
 the longitudinal to one of the tranfverfe flues. 
 
 At the weft end of the longitudinal flue at C and D in PI. XXVI. are the remains of what feems He™,, 
 to have been the pr^furmum, and fire-place of the lacomcum. The walls remain to the height of 
 about three feet; thofe of the fire-place, C. are built of unhewn ftone; thofe of the 
 D, are plaftercd. r'-^jitrmum. 
 
 On the weft fide of the laft mentioned building is a fmall room, PI. VI. N" 40 and PI XXVI 
 fig. I. E, eleven feet fix inches by eight feet one inch, at the weft end of which are two ftone 
 fieps ; fee the Seftion, PI. XXVI. fig. The weft wall remains to the height of five feet • it Ika 
 two feet nme inches below the furface of the ground. ' 
 
 Adjoining to the laconkum on the eaft fide are the remains of a room, PI. VI. N° 38 PI XXV I 
 and PI. XXVI. fig. I. B, having a cement floor, under which there arc no flues. At the north eaft 
 corner ts a fort of bafin hollowed out in the floor, from which the leaden pipe, fliewn in PI. XXVII 
 fig. 8. pafl-ed through the wall at the place in PI. XXVI. fig. i. marked e, and at H in PI XXV 
 The pipe IS hammered together, and not foldered. From the oppofite corner of this room is a '..^.i 
 F the floor of which is of cement. Towards the weft end it rifes to more than three feet above 
 the level of the other part, and the floor is there deftroyed ; fee the Seftion, PI. XXVI fig 2 It 
 
 thtk ^ °^ "'^ ""'^ P"''^='s<= " 
 
 entranct'tlTt*"'"* """^ '''' " ' °^ 
 
 On the ontfide of the wall of the great court, B, and adjoining to the buildings on the weft fide 
 63 ""^^ ""'""^'"^ iowi3xi% the fouth; fee PI. VI. 60, 6i, 62, 
 
 Several openings were made in the area of the great court, B, to fee whether any further remains 
 
 l:?e frirt™:. ^''^ '° ^ 
 
 = The 
 
ROMAN ANTI Q_U I T I E S 
 
 On the fouth fide of the great court, PI. VI. B, is a wall extending along the whole length of 
 " it. On the infidc of this wall, and adjoining to it, at the diftance of twenty-feven feet fix inchee 
 from the range of buildings on the weft fide, are the remains of a fingular building marked q ; 
 fee alio the plan and fcflions, Pi. XXII. fig. 6, 7, and 8. which fhew its feveral dimenfions. It 
 confifts of two parallel walls three feet diftant from each other, connedled together by two 
 tranfverfe walls, having an opening between them; feftions of which are (hewn in Pi. XXII. 
 fig. 7 and 8. At the bottom of this opening was a confiderable quantity of coal afhes ; and at the 
 weft end of it, at the height of fifteen inches from the bottom, was a fmall flue through the wall, 
 the dimenfions of which were ten inches by eight. This building has very much the appearance of 
 havino" held a boiler. Nearly at the centre of the fouth wall of the great court, B, are the founda- 
 tion walls of three rooms, or, more probably, of a gateway, with a door on each lide (fee Pi. VI. 
 N° 47, 48, 49. In this, as in many other parts of this building, the walls are deftroycd down to 
 the foundation; fo that it is impolfible to afccrtain the width of more than one of the door-ways, 
 which is four feet wide. Near the laft-mentioncd foundation walls were feveral fragments of larger 
 columns than thofe which had been before difcovered in the other parts of the building. See 
 Pi. XXIX. fig. 8 and g. One of them, fig. 9. is hollow; the infide of it is fiiewn in fig. 10. 
 ; Very confiderable remains were difcovered of the buildings on the eaft fide of the great court, B. 
 The firft room which prefcnts itfelf in this divifion of the building is a gallery, PI. VI. N" 43. fixty- 
 five feet eight inches long, and ten feet four inches wide ; no pavement remained in it. On the weft 
 fide is an entrance eight feet eight inches wide, and another opening in the caft wall immediately 
 oppofite, nearly of the fame dimenfions, leading into what fcems to have been a court, C, round which 
 are feveral fmall rooms, 41, 42. 44, 45, 46. There are two narrow walls fifteen inches wide, and an 
 equal fpace afunder, running the whole length of the room or paffage, N" 42. and fquare projec- 
 tions from the weft wall, which is three feet thick. The walls on the infidc of this room do not 
 rife higher than the foundation part of the walls, and probably fupported a pavement. At the 
 north end of this room the leg of a ftatue of white marble, reprefented in PI. XXXVI. fig. 3. was 
 difcovered; it is fix inches and a quarter in length, and of pretty good fculpturc. At the fpot 
 marked g are fix large ftoncs, forming what feems to have been a fort of pedeftal, five feet high. 
 They are of aftiler ftone, as our workmen call it. See PI. XXVIII. fig. 7. 
 
 The outward wall on the eaft fide of this range of building is very entire to the height of near 
 four feet, and in fome places more than five ; it is three feet thick, and built of ftones roughly 
 hewn, There are fix projedlions from the wall at irregular diftances ; they are built of afliler ftone 
 uniformly laid. Pi. XXVIII. fig. 8 and g. exhibit a plan and elevation of a part of the wall and of 
 the proje£tions, which feem to have been buttrefles, fuch as are very frequently found on the outfide 
 of Roman buildings. Here they were probably built to ftrengthen the wall which ftands near the 
 defcent of the hill. 
 
 At the north end of the laft-mentioned range of building are very confiderable remains of what 
 p^'sLXvi, was unqueftionably a laconicum, or fweating-room (31), fee PI. VI. 39. where, at the depth of five 
 xxvlii.""'' ^^^^ htXow the furface of the ground, appeared a very hard cement floor. Pi. XXVI. A. eight feet ten 
 inches wide, and nine feet ten inches long. On removing this floor, which was eight inches thick, 
 thirty-three bricks were difcovered under it, placed in the manner reprefented in PI. XXVII. fig. 2. 
 They were about one foot wide, two feet long, and two inches thick; and were all marked on the 
 under fide with lines in various diredions, which feem to have been formed like thofe of the 
 funnels before mentioned, with a toothed inftrument, when foft. PI. XXVI. fig. 3, 4, 5, 6. When 
 fome of thefc bricks were taken up, it appeared that the under fide was alfo covered with wood 
 foot, and that they were the covers of flues running under the floor. One of thefe flues was longi- 
 tudinal, and four tranfverfe, PI. XXVII. fig. i.; they were two feet two inches in depth. The 
 
 J^,]} I*!' J' T '"T^''^" f '^''t "'^VregulaKd by a brazen Oiidd hanging from an aperture in the 
 
 C;:; vir^tii r^ii^iT j.\^,,v^y fci 2i sfhic? '?r. z:\':''r " ^'-^-^^ '° '^''-'^ 
 
 adjoining to the Ic^idjrium or warm bath aad that the heat of it 
 
 Rem: 
 
 longitudinal 
 
AT WOODC HESTER. 
 
 15 
 
 being only nine feet ten inches by fix feet, there is a fragment of a coarfe raofaic pavement, 
 wrought in a chequered pattern of dark brown, dark bluifli grey and white, with white brown and 
 red ftripes on tlje outfide^ fee Ph XXII. fig. i. 
 
 In the remains of a room, N° 18, lying under the road, and adjoining to thofe laft-mentioned, 
 is the greater part of a mofaic pavement, the dcfign of which confifts of two fquare compartments, ■ 
 joined together by a fmgle twifted guilloche, having a labyrinth fret fur a border; on the outfide of 
 which is a red ground, reaching to the walls, formed of large teflcra:. Thofe of the other parts of 
 this pavement do not exceed fquares of half an inch, except in the fret, where they are fquares of an 
 inch. The compartment, at the north end of this pavement, has the figure of a goblet in its 
 centre, furrdundcd with a fort of chain pattern, formed by the fingular ornament. Pi. XXI. fig. 10. 
 The other compartment has a mat in its centre, and on the fouth fide has been repaired. The part 
 where this reparation took place will be eafily perceived in PI. XVIII., as the lines are by no means 
 ftrait, and no attempt has been made to preferve the defign of the guilloche. This pavement is 
 feventeen feet two inches long, and nine feet ten inches wide. Below the weftern wall of this room 
 are fome remains of a fire-place at k in PL VI. 
 
 Another fmall mofaic pavement was difcovered quite entire in Mr. Wathcn's orchard, the dimen- Small mohk ^ 
 fions of which are feven feet ten inches by nine feet ten inches, Pi. VI. N" 13. The defign IrliZd. 
 confifts of a fquare compartment, filled with dark grey circles on a white ground, having red in 
 their centres, furrounded by ftripes of red and white. The leflerx of the compartment above- 
 mentioned are fquares of an inch, thofe of the external part much larger. 
 
 The ground was afterwards opened in every place where any rcafonable expedlation could be 
 entertained of finding a continuation of the building, but without fuccefs. 
 
 Befides the feveral fragments before-mentioned, as having been found among the remains of the UKnnis, &c. dif- 
 building above defcribed, various other fragments and utenfils were alfo difcovered; the moft fercmpwibofihc 
 remarkable of which are thofe hereafter enumerated. The fragment of a fmall pedeftal neatly ''"''''"'b- 
 moulded, PI. XXXVI. fig. r. is formed of a beautiful kind of clouded ftalaftite, or, as it is 
 ufually called, oriental alabafter; it was found in the room, N" 25. PI. VI. In the fame place were 
 found the two fragments fliewn in Pi. XXXVI. fig. 4 and 6. ; the former is of white marble. 
 Fig. 6. is of the ftone of the country, having a confiderable portion of fpar in it, which retains 
 a very good poHfh. It feems to have been the bafc of fome piece of fculpture, there being hollow 
 fpaces on the upper furface, where it is probable that fome figure was fixed to it. In the room. 
 Pi. VI. 41. was found a ftone weight. Pi. XXXIII. fig. 5.; it weighs thirteen pounds and a 
 half The circular trough of ftone, Pi. XXXIII. fig. 6. was dug up in the Parks, fome years before 
 the prefent difcovery, beyond the weftcrn wall of the building there ; it is three feet in diameter. 
 
 The knives reprefented in PI. XXXIII. fig. 7. and Pi. XXXV. fig. i and 2. (3.4), the dagger 
 fig. 8. and fig. 4., which fcems to have been the head of a dart (35), are of iron very much cor- 
 roded, and were found among the rubbifti of the building in the Parks. Fig. 7. is alfo of iron, 
 and was found there. It appears to have been the ferrule of the fcabbard of a fword ; the knob at 
 the point has fome gilding remaining on it. The little votive hatchet, ftiewn in the fame plate, 
 fig. 3, is of brafs, the fpurs, fig. 5 and 6. are of iron {36); one of them was found in the room, 
 PI. VI. N" 28, the other in N° 34. All thcfe are reprefented of the fame fizc as the originals. 
 
 (34.) The knife fig. i. very much refembles In form and fize in form, but of a fmaller fize, in Sir William Hamilton's Col- 
 
 nnc nf rhf fame metal, which was found with an altar dedicated leftion at the Britifh Mufcum ; and one of the fame metal and 
 
 to Mars near the Borghcfe palace at Rome, and which is figured kind, of a large fize, is figured in the Abbe de Terccn's work, men- 
 
 in Caylus's Antiquities, vol. iii. pi. Iv. fig. 5. He fuppofes it to cioncd in p. 10. Count Caylus has the figure of a Roman 
 
 have been a facrificing knife; and, indeed, it nearly refembles pointed fpur, rather differently formed, in the third volume of 
 
 thofe which we fee reprefented on the Roman coins, and other his Antiquities, pi. Ixix. That they were frequently of 1 
 
 .... Caylus remarks in anothq' place, that Roman inltru- (though few have been found of that metal) appears from paf- 
 s of iron are more frequently found in France than in Italy, fages in the Roman writers. Virgil has 
 
 j*.neid. XI, V. 714. 
 
 I will fcrve for their being alfo frequently found in this 
 
 . „., - rr t sitI Silius Ita icus has Che fame expreflion, vi i. 6q6. It may 
 
 [7(1 1 ne fisure of a fimi ar weapon, in a more perfeit Itate, . . r j i >- f r -r r > " . ' 
 
 ■'■f' f - °f t - 1 ■- c , ,r,^ DC obferved, that fpurs of a (imilar form appear from ancient 
 
 nav be fcen in Cavlus s Anciquittes, vo . 11. pi. xciii. he, C. and ' r j ■ l- '^'^ 1 
 
 '1 ■ xj, c ' • A ■ I • -1 c . monuments, &c. to have been uled in this country as late as the 
 
 noiher in Montfaucon s Aniiq. vo . iv. part 1. p . xxv. hs. 1. . ' _ . . „ . . . _ ' 
 
 e of Edward the third. Gough's Sepulch. Mon. vol. i 
 
 (36) There is a Roman fpur of brafs, nearly refembling chefe cxlvi. and Archaolog. vol, ' 
 
 H In 
 
Remains oF Hy- 
 
 ROMAN ANTIQ^UITIES 
 
 The remains of the buildings in the Parks having been thoroughly inveftigated, nothing now 
 remained but to endeavour to afcertain whether they were connefled with thofe which had 
 been difcovered in the churchyard and orchard; and by digging feveral deep trenches on the 
 north fide of the rooms, PI. VI. N'^ 25- 27- 3°- ^^e walls of a confiderable number of 
 rooms feveral of them having mofaic pavements, were difcovered, N° 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 
 and 37 which conne£ted the two buildings together, and thereby formed another court, Pi. VI. A, 
 ninety-two feet by ninety, except where the walls of the rooms, N° 23, 24. and 3 r, by projefling 
 into the court, reduce it to eighty-eight feet. A great part of thefe walls lie under the road which 
 runs between the churchyard and the Parks ; many of them arc not lefs than fix feet below the fur- 
 face, being for the moft part foundation-walls. 
 
 On the eaft fide of the court A are remains of an Hypocauft, PI. VI. 31. which are repre- 
 ^EiiiVfiL. fented on a larger fcale in PI. XXIV. fig. 3. The bafes of ten of the brick pillars which fupported 
 ' the floor are remaining at A ; they are eleven inches and a half fquare, and nine inches afunder ; the 
 walls marked C and D are of brick. Several funnels were found lying near the walls, having 
 oblong holes in their narroweft fides (33). The dimenfions of thefe funnels will be feen in 
 fig. 4 and 5 of Pi. XXIV. ; fome had no holes in the fides, fig. 6. Beyond thefe remains 
 toward the north are thofe of another Hypocauft, confifting of the lower parts of five fmall brick 
 pillars eight inches fquare, at irregular diftances, joining the north wall of the laft-mentioned one 
 at B in Pi. XXIV. 
 
 Nothing remarkable occurred within the walls of the rooms N° 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, or 37, 
 except that in fome of them were found fragments of cement, which feemed to have been parts of 
 a floor covered with a thin layer of very fine plafter ; fome of thefe fragments had the remains of 
 painting on them, confifting of fegments of circular ftripes of red and yellow. The fragments 
 are too thick to have been part of the plafter of any wall, and the compofition of them is exadly 
 the fame as that of the cement on which the mofaic pavements are laid. 
 Gaii=riM and re. In the gallery N" 2, which is fixty-two feet five inches long, and eight feet five inches wide, and 
 ■ of^mofaic ^i^i^.}^ joins the eaft end of the long gallery difcovered in the churchyard, and defcribed p. 5. was 
 difcovered a fmall fragment of a mofaic pavement, exhibited in PI. XVI. fig. 2. b, being the remains 
 of two figures in an odlagonal compartment inclofcd within a fquare border, formed by a fingle 
 twifted guilloche. Many other fragments of this pavement were found lying loofe among the 
 rubbifli of the building. 
 
 There were flues running under this gallery, clofe to the foundation of the walls, on every fide of 
 it, and others crofling them at right angles. Under the eaft wall at m, PI. VI. are two fragments 
 of wall, one foot nine inches afunder, which feem to have been part of a fire-place like thofe before 
 defcribed. 
 
 Roomsontheweft On the weft fide of the court A, PI. VI. the remains of a fuit of rooms were difcovered nearly 
 anfwering to thofe already defcribed on the eaft fide. Adjoining to the great room, N° 25, dif- 
 covered in the Parks, were the remains of three others, N" 21, 22, and 23. In the area of 
 the room N" 22, were eight fquare ftone pillars two feet nine inches and three quarters high, of 
 irregular fizes ; fee Pi. XXIV. fig. i. and the Section, fig. 2. Each of them was formed of a fingle 
 ftone, of the kind found on Hampton Common, about a mile from this building ; they were placed 
 about one foot four inches afunder. It was impoftible to afcertain whether thefe were remains of the 
 fubftrufture of an Hypocauft, or merely of a floor. In the eaft wall of the room, N° 22, are two 
 narrow apertures ; lee PI. XXIV. fig. i. 
 
 PI. VI. N" 2. a. is a gallery exadlly anfwering to that on the eaft fide of the court A, except that 
 it is nine inches wider, and there are no remains of a pavement. The rooms, N" 11. 14. 16, 17. 
 and 20, have alfo no remains of pavements. In N" 19, which is of very fmall dimenfions. 
 
 pavcmcDC. 
 
 Gde of ihc fccand 
 
 (33) From thefe funnels it Teems probable that this Hypocauft 
 was of the fame kind as that difcovered at Wroxeter, defcribed 
 in the xxvth volume of the Philofophical Tranfaftions, N°36i 
 the funnels of which were nearly fimilar to thofe abovemen- 
 lioned. Mr. Lifter defcribes them as " a range, or rank of 
 " tunnel bricks, fixed with iron cramps up to the wall within. 
 
 " with their lower ends level with the under fides of the broad 
 " quarries, and their upper ends with the furface of the upper 
 " floor i and every tunnel had alike two oppofue mor tile -holes, 
 one on either Hde, cut through for a crofs palTage to dlfperfe the 
 <■ heac aoionglt them all." 
 
 being 
 
AT WOODCHESTER. 
 
 It is very probable that moft of the rooms on the weft fide of the great court were appro- 
 priated to the ufe of the fervants, as they do not appear to have had mofaic pavements or other 
 decorations. 
 
 The three large rooms on the north fide of the great court, PI. VI. N" 25, 26, and 27, fcem, 
 from the fragments of ftatues, marbles, and columns found there, to have been very highly decorated ; 
 and from their fize it is probable that they were either ceci or exedra[^-]). The fecond court, 
 B, is furrounded on the north, eaft, and weft fides, with galleries j that on the north fide has an 
 elegant mofaic pavement; and a fragment of one remains in that on the eaft fide(48J. Thefe 
 galleries were clearly what the Romans called cry ptopor thus., and the area inclofed within them 
 might have been the at7-ium [49). 
 
 The room, of which the great mofaic pavement remains, was, no doubt, the cavcedium 
 tetrajlyhn [^o] of Vitruvius, and muft have been extremely magnificent; for there is great reafon 
 to imagine, from the elegance of the floor, that the cicling, and other parts of the room, were 
 richly decorated. It is probable that part of the roof was formed by diagonal vaultings, rcfting on 
 the four columns (51). 
 
 The walls remaining on the weft fide of the cavcedium and cryptoporticus are probably re- 
 mains of the iriclinia hyberna and baths, as moft of them have fubterraneous flues for the purpofe 
 of introducing heat ; and their fituation correfponds with that which Vitruvius afligns for thofe 
 apartments, as will appear by the plan, PL VI. (52). Some of thefe rooms might alfo have been 
 cubkula or bedchambers. 
 
 The apartments on the caftern fide of the cryptoporticus were probably warmed by the Hypocauft, 
 N" 31. PI. VI. Thefe occupy the fituation afllgned by Vitruvius for the triclinia of the fpring 
 and autumn. 
 
 It is probable that moft of the rooms of Roman houfes in Britain had fubterraneous flues or 
 hypocaufts, as the nature of the climate muft have rendered them occafionally ufeful at all 
 fcafons of the year. 
 
 The extent of that part of the building which lay on the north fide of the cav^dimn cannot 
 now be afcertaincd, as it has been entirely deftroyed by the ere£tion of the church, except thofe 
 walls under the chancel, mentioned in p. 6. 
 
 From the magnitude of this building, and the richnefs of its decoration, it does not fcem 
 probable that it belonged to any private individual. It is more likely that it was a public 
 work, built for the refidence of the Proprector^ or, at leaft, of the governor of this part 
 of the province, and occafionally, perhaps, of the Emperor himfclf, as it is well known that 
 
 (47) Tile ad were a large kind of faloons, fomeiimes fquare, 
 and frequencljr with columns, ufcd for the purpofes of entercain- 
 menis ; lee Vitruv, lib. vi. c. v and x. Pliny mentions an trciis 
 at Pergamus, called afaralon, from its mofaic floorj on which were 
 reprefcnted fuch relics of a fupper, as were ufually fwept awavj 
 and in the fame floor was another highly finilhed piece of mofaic, 
 reprefencing doves drinking out of a goblet ffuppofed to be the 
 fame no* cxifting at Rome), both executed by Sojks, a celebrated 
 artift in mofaic, Plin. Nar. HifV. lib. xxxk. c. xxv. 
 
 The exedra were large rooms of various forms, which are fup- 
 pofed to have been furnifhed with feats, and ufed for converfaiion 
 and difputations. Vitruv. lib. v. c. xi. 
 
 (+8) The villa, difcovered at a fmall ijiftance from Pompeii, 
 has a court much refembling this, with a fort of cryptoporiscus 
 round three fides, and a porlUus on the fourth; and it is by no 
 means improbable, in this building at Woodchcfter, that a row of 
 columns ran acrols the fouth fide of the court where the call and 
 weft fides of the cryptopurlicus end. 
 
 The cryptopcriicH! was an inclofed gallery, frequently of feveral 
 (lories, in which ihe Romans took the exercife of walking within 
 doors, as they did in the gejtaliones in the open air. It is not 
 particularly mentioned by V.iiruvius, but makes a confpicuous 
 figure in the defcription given by Pliny the conful of his 'lufcalan 
 villa; it might however have been included by the former writer 
 in the general term of ambulationes. 
 
 (49) There is reafon to fuppofe, from feveral paflages in 
 
 the Roman writers, that airia were fomctimes open courts, fur- 
 rounded with an open porticus or a cryptoparlicus, 
 
 {50) The cavadia or cava adium appear to have been fomc- 
 times large halls, and fometimes open courts, in the interior part of 
 the houfe, communicating with feveral fuites of rooms, and in many 
 refpefls refembling the atria. Vitruvius defcribes the tetraftyle 
 cavadia thus: " Tetraftyla funt, qufe fubjeflis fub trabibus 
 " angularibus columnis, et utilitatem trabibus, et firmitatem 
 " pr£eftant." lib. vi, c. iii. The following paflage in the ji)neid 
 (hews the fituation of the cavadium, and alfo that it was diftinft 
 from the atrium with which it has been fometimes confounded 
 
 *' Veftibulum ante ipfum primoque in limine Pyrrhus 
 " Exultat ■ 
 
 (( ■ ■ ingentem lato dedit ore feneftram. 
 " Apparet domus inius, et atria longa patcfcunt; 
 
 " At domus interior gemitu mifsroque tumultu 
 " Mifcetur: penitnfque cav^ plangoribus ades 
 
 " Fcemineis ululant; ■ 
 
 Lib. ii, V, 469. 482, &c. 
 
 (51) This kind of roof is to be feen in many of the remains of 
 Roman buildings in Italy. 
 
 (52) Hyherna triclinia, et balnearea eccidsntem hybernum 
 JpcBenti Vitruv. lib. vi. c. vii. 
 
 I feveral 
 
i 
 
 Pl, XXXI V. 
 
 CMijeftore rc- 
 fpcQing the Rd 
 man building. 
 
 ROMAN ANTI Q^U I T I E S 
 
 In Pi. XXXIV. the key, fig. i. is of iron; fig. 2. feems to be formed of hardened clay. Fig. 
 3 and 4. are two rcprefen tat ions in different points of view of the fame fubje£t(37), which is 
 of canal coal neatly turned. The j]bule£^ fig. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. are of brafi, as are alfo the pins, 
 fig. 10, II, 12, 13, and 14.; thofe fliewn in fig. 15, 16, and 17. are of bone. All thcfe were 
 found in the Parks, moft of them at the depth of three or four feet below the furface of the 
 ground. Thefe figures are of the fame fi^e as the originals. 
 
 The feveral buildings above defcribed appear to be the remains of a Roman houfe or rather 
 perhaps, of a wV/f? (38) ; theydo not feem, notwithftanding their great extent, to have been part of 
 any town or group of houfes. 
 
 The houfts of the Romans, when fituatcd in the country, were frequently on one floor- and if 
 they belonged to perfons of confequence (39), were of very great extent (40}, and enriched with the 
 moft magnificent and fplcndid decorations of every kind (41), though their external elevation was 
 ufually quite plain. They confifted of feveral large halls, porticos, and open courts (42J, running 
 through the centre of the building, with fuites of rooms branching out on either fide. 
 
 The remains of the building at Woodcheftcr bear a ftriking refcmblance to the plan of the 
 Roman houfe above alluded to. They cannot be expeded to agree with it in every particular, iince 
 the Romans frequently varied the form of their houfes to adapt them to the climate of the country 
 in which they were built (43). 
 
 The two great courts, marked A and B in Pi. VI. and the great room N" i, run throuf^h the 
 middle of the building, and have a great number of rooms of various dimenfions branching out 
 from them. 
 
 The great court B, on the fouth fide of which it is probable that the principal gate of entrance was 
 fituated as above mentioned, feems to anfwer to the perifylium (44} of Vitruvius, and was probably 
 furrounded with a colonnade, though only ioofc fragments of columns were found, and none of 
 their bafes could be difcovered fo as to afcertain their fituations, 
 
 On the eaft and weft fides of this court are confiderable ranges of buildings ; in the caftern wing 
 of which, the remains of the lacomcum are fully fufficient to indicate its original ufe. It is probable 
 that the room contiguous to it on the caftern fide, PI. XXVI. B, was an apodyterium (45) • and that 
 the room E, m which two ftone fteps are remaining, was a cold bath, as it was a very common 
 praaice among the Romans to ufe the cold bath immediately after the fudatory {46J. The ufes of 
 the other rooms in thefc ranges of buildings I have not been able to afcertain. 
 
 Cj-) Several fimihr ones of different materials have been found 
 i« tumuli. DoogUs's Nmia Brii. p. 87. 
 
 C3B) The town and country houfe (the domuj and vUlaJ con- 
 tatricd the fame rooms, the difference between them confifted in 
 their diftribution. In the town houfe the atrium was placed next 
 CO the gate of entrance; in the country houfe the ferijlyliuni, 
 and next^to it iht alrim, furrounded by a paved portico. 
 
 CJ?) Many of the larger rooms did not occur in the houfts 
 of private citizens, who had no occafion for vefiibula or atria, 
 perifiylia or eavadia, into which all perfotis had a right to enter 
 without invitation; whilft the mV/in/o, cabiiula. Sec. were appro- 
 priated to the ufe of the mafter of the houfe. See Vitr. lib. vi. 
 c. viii. 
 
 (40) " Domes atque villas cognoveris in urbium modum ex- 
 " Kdificatas." ^allujlius in Catalinam. " Infinita cfle viilarum 
 " fpaiia," Tacit, lib. iii. Annal, 
 
 (41) Siatiu!, in defcfibing the villa of Manlius Vopifcus. has 
 the following paffage, in which, among the other fplendid deco. 
 rations of the villa, mofaic pavements are particularly mentioned : 
 
 " Quid primum, mediumve canam ? quo fine quiefcam i 
 " Auratafnc trabes ? an Mauros undique poftcs ? 
 " An pifturata luccntia marmora vena 
 " Mirer ? an emiff^s per cundta cubilia lymphas ? 
 
 " Hue oculis, hue mente irahor 
 
 " Vidi artes, veterumque manus, variifque metalia 
 " Viva modis, labor eft auri memorare figuras, 
 
 Aut ebur, aut dignas digitis contingere gemmas. 
 
 Quicquid eft argento primum, vel in £ere Myronis 
 
 Lufit, et enormes manus eft experia Coloftbs. 
 " Dom vagor afpcau, vifufque per omnia duco 
 ' Lalcabam, nec opmus opes. Nam fpiendor ab alto 
 
 UeHuus, et nitidum referentes aera teft^ 
 " Monftravere folum, varias ubi pifta per artes 
 " Gaudet humus, fuberantque novis Afarota fisuris 
 txpavere gradus, Quid nunc ingentia mircr ' 
 Aut quid partuis diftantia tedVa trichoris !" 
 
 Sylvarum, lib. i. 
 Jil^l '^!'f- ^''^J.^B'^iflied by the names of v.Jli&ula, ^,ria 
 
 lull' /^^"^"■^ "'"^ '"'"'ded mi^tfidinia, canatioms, Jd, Zi-. 
 cuhy balnearea, exedra and pinaeothgca ■ the winter Hini. 
 
 bed chambers .„d l,bra„ts, a„d the dining-room, ofThi fprin, 
 
 itrr;oXT/'''vi*;»b/^!vtii:"^™'^^"'~ 
 
 (43) Vitrov. lib. vi. c. i. 
 
 Jolti]!" ' ''""""■'irf .i,l, . 
 
 (4i) The ap,dylm,m ras a fc,, ofdreffing-room for ihe baih, 
 on«„ous 10 Che or .Ja. Ccero i°„ one of his epiC 
 
 rpeaking of feme alle,a„„„, he had made in the plan J i 
 
 h ',1;'' JI;»Praai". Pliny lells ns, was introduced by t«o 
 
 i 
 
AT WOODCHESTER, 
 
 ftationcd (56). There is no fituation, in the fouth-weft parts of this iiland, which could have been 
 more advantageous for the refidcnce of any of the Roman governors than this place. Whether 
 there was any town or military ilation at Woodchefter does not appear, as no one is mentioned in 
 the Itineraries or ancient maps, which, in any refpefl, anfwers to its fituation ; it is however pro 
 bable, from the termmat.on of its name, that it was fo. Perhaps fo many Roman remains have 
 fcarcely been found in an equal fpace in any part of England, as within fifteen miles of 
 Woodchefter (57). 
 
 That the Romans erefted magnificent edifices in this country has been alTerted by various 
 ancient writers (58) ; but has of late been doubted, becaufe no remains of fuch buildings had been 
 found. The prefent difcovery will ferve however to fliew, that the former alTertions were perfcflly 
 correft ; and I have little doubt that the plans of many others might yet be traced, though their 
 fupcrflruflures have been more completely effaced than in other provinces of the Roman empire. 
 There is reafon to believe that very confiderable remains of the Roman buildings in Britain exifted 
 as late as the reign of Henry the fecond (59), when the greater part of them were deftroyed for 
 the purpofe of ercfling churches, caftles, and other edifices, out of their materials; many of them 
 had doubtlefs been before deftroyed for the fame purpofe by the Normans. Woodchefter church 
 appears, from the ftyle of fome parts of its architefturc, to have been built about the period above 
 alluded to (60). It is of ftone, the greater part of which it is probable was taken from the ruins 
 of the Roman building ; and, no doubt, it was ereflcd in this place on account of the materials 
 which thofe ruins afforded. 
 
 The time when the Roman building at Woodchefter was erefted cannot be afcertained, as it is 
 no where mentioned in hiftory, and no infcription has been found amongft its remains, which could 
 lead to a difcovery of its age ; fome conjedures may however be formed on this head from a con- 
 fidcration of the Roman tranfadions in this part of England, and the internal evidence which the 
 remains themfelves furnifh. 
 
 Two Roman generals of great diftinffion, Vefpafian and OJlorius Scapula, are fiid to have 
 crefled public works in this neighbourhood in the reign of Claudius (61) ; it is therefore very 
 probable that Woodchefter might have been fixed on about the fame time as a place of refidence, 
 though it does not follow that the remains above defcribed are part of any edifice of that age, as it 
 may have been rebuilt. The ornaments in the mofaic pavements are fuch as prevailed' very 
 
 (56) Horllty's Brit.nnia Rom. p. 78. Thm !s a lift of fome of ihtm in the minutts of tlis Society of 
 
 (57) ^ At Daglmgworth ne.r the Er^ing-]lr,«. (Pi. I. N" ,0,) Antiq.nriei,. vol. .lii. p. ,6,. »he,e i, is f.,d, that ,h, «l,„l"„" 
 fouodaiioni of , bmldmg, and a teffdlated pavement, wete found foppofcd to amount 10 thtee thonf.nd ; another M ma, be "en 
 in afitld cal edCave Clore. aboutacentutyago. Sir R. Atkins's in Rudder's GiouceSe.lhire, p. 6,1. It is probable from its 
 H,HoryofGloucel^er(h,re.p ,(,8. AtCottrb.end, (Pl.I. N" 9,) mme, that Froceller (PI. 1. N- ,8) „as alfo a Roman Ilation 
 near the fame road, are conBderable remains of a Roman hoofe. At N" 19, PI. I. is a camp of confiderable extent on Selfley hi! 
 and leveral mofaic pavements. &c. At Rodmarton on the immediately above Woodchefter, with a tlialit finole ditch ' 
 Ikeneld-ftreet, (PI. I. Wii,) in a field called Hocbcrry, r,»i t„-, . , 11 .1, . a ■ ■ r. i 
 
 mofaic pavements and Roman coins were difeo.ered in 1616 J-^ J that Agricola built porticos and baths in 
 
 as mentioned in the parilh regifter. Some remains of a building , \ '^g"5°'* V'i ''J^i'). "f"" ''^ '""""'P- 
 
 and Roman coins have been lately found in a field called Elftone! ™" " .^'"E'™™', '» bifhopric of Durham, that 
 
 in the parifh ofCherington (PI. I. N« ,,). Man, Roman coins 'f'^'", '''.'Third ereSed ldn„m „m b.M„a by his P„pr„ur 
 
 and a tefi-ellated pavement; in a field called the Chellles, in P'"l"f' Tranf. vol. aax. p. 823. 
 
 parith of Kingfcote (PI. I. N° i j). Roman coins, and a telTei- (S9) Giraldus Cambrends, who wrote in this reign, fpeaks of 
 
 latcd pavement 18 feet by 15, at Cromhall, (N" 15.) near which ""X magnificent remains of Roman boildings then exifting ac 
 
 place there is alfo a confiderable entrenchment in Lord Ducie's Caerleon. " Videas hie multa priftins nubilitatis adhuc vcftigia; 
 
 park. At Dodington, (N° 21,) many Roman antiquities have " Palatia immenfa aureis olim teftorum faftigiis Romanos falius 
 
 been found. See Leiand's Itin. vol. »i. 'fol. 75. Several Roman " imitaniia, eo quod a Romanis principibus primo conltruda ec 
 
 coins, tej[era of pavements and tiles, were lately found in Mrs. " sedificiis egregiis illudrata fuiflcnt : turrim giganteam -. 
 
 Caruthers's grounds at Brown's hill (PI. 1. N" 14). Various " 'hermas infignes : templorum reliquias, et loca theatralia muris 
 
 remains of Roman buildings, coins, &c. have been found in Lid- " egregiis pariim adhuc extantibus, omnia ciaufa." Itin. Cambr. 
 
 ney Paik (PI. I. N° 16). See Archieol. vol. v. p. 208; Anti- ''''■ '• '■ J- 
 
 quaiian Repertory, vol. i. p. 134, and Rudder's Gloucefterftiire, (60) The north door way, and the arch between the nave and 
 
 p. 515. There are remains of a camp near Frampton in the parilh chancel, are of the Norman architeitute. 
 
 of Sapetton, only five miles from Woodchefter, (PI. \. N- 22,) (6,) rr», is faid to have built Cm«;«» (now Cirencefter) 
 
 near which in the year 1759, a very great quantity of Roman Rictrdi Mtmthi di Shu BrilnmU, c. vi.i and OJImui erefled 
 
 coins, of Blver and fmall brals, were found, including almoft a the chain of forts along the Severn, as above mentioned The 
 
 complete feries from J,i„,ms Pius to G«/4V.«,,and many tare colony of GIm is alfo faid by the fame author 10 have 
 
 ones; among which may be enumerated Amnf of DiJh Chru, been formed under Chudiu,. " Glevum verd. Romana teoebat 
 
 Ma,r,uus D,^dum,,,,,u, OtUa^^^^ ,he elder, colonia, quam deduxit Claudius Csfar, ot Icriptoies dc iftis 
 
 and^iMi/f,iB«/i antl imail brafs coins ol Matrianus and j£lianui. tempoiibus affirmant." De Situ Brit. c. vi. 
 
 ^ much 
 
ROMAN ANTI Q^U I T I E S 
 
 feveral of the Roman Emperors vifited Britain, and fome of them continued there a confiderable 
 time. 
 
 There are various reafons which might have induced the Romans to fix on this fituation for the 
 ereaion of fuch a building. In the firft place, it pofleffed the advantage of being abundantly 
 fupplied with water, not only from the brook running at the foot of the hill on which it ftands, 
 but alfo by a very confiderable fpring which rifes on the hill above it, and runs through the orchard 
 and churchyard over a part of the ground which was formerly occupied by the building ; and by 
 means of which, not only the baths might have been fupplied, but fountains alfo, which the 
 Romans very frequently had in the courts of their houfes{53). Very good ftone for building was 
 to be found near the fpot, and clay for making bricks. The beauty of the furrounding country 
 mufl; alfo have been a confiderable inducement to building here. Some idea ot this fituation is 
 attempted to be conveyed in PI. II. III. and IV. (54), and the Vignette prefixed to this work. 
 The fpot of ground which was occupied by this edifice is fufficicntly high to command a very 
 beautiful profpeft, yet not fo elevated as to be deprived of the fhelter afiorded by the furrounding 
 hills. It may be reafonably fuppofed, that, at the time when the building was crefted, the country 
 was more wooded than it is at prefent ; there is flill however a confiderable portion of beech wood 
 near the fummit of the hills, which much increafcs the beauty of the view. No place can enjoy a 
 finer verdure, even in the dryell feafons, than the valley of Woodchefter. 
 
 The Romans might alfo have been induced to eredl fo confiderable a building in this fituation, 
 from its being within a fiiort diftance of many of their moft important ftations and garrifons. 
 Some of thofe garrifons commanded the feveral pafiages over of the river Severn, the boundary of the 
 Silures, who were the moft obftinate opponents of the Roman power in the fouthern parts of 
 Britain. One of the few fadts recorded by the Roman hiftorians, relative to the early tranfadtions 
 of the Romans in this part of tlie illand, is that of OJlorius Scapula PropiEetor of Britain under 
 Claudius, having conftrufled a chain of forts or garrifons along the river Severn (55); and it is 
 extremely probable, that the entrenchments at Ulcy-Bcrry and on Painfwick hill, and perhaps thofe 
 alfo on Broadridge Green and at Little Sodbury, are remains of thofe garrifons, or, at Icaft, of their 
 cajira exploratoria. A great number of Roman coins, both of the liigher and lower empire, have 
 been found within the entrenchments of Uley-Berry and Painfwick hill camps. 
 
 The diftance of Woodcheftcr is twelve miles both from Glouceftcr and Circnceficr, the former of 
 which was the Roman colony Glevum^ where the feventh legion was ftationed for fome time ; and 
 the latter, one of the moft confiderable cities ot the Romans in Britain, where the Fofs, the Ikeneld- 
 ftreet, and the Erming-ftreet, three of the four military ways made by the Romans through this 
 illand, croflcd each other (56). Woodchefter is alfo no more than twenty-feven miles diftant from the 
 Roman colony of Aquee Solk or Thermae (now Bath), and not much farther diftant from Cacrkon 
 in Monmouthfiiire, the Roman colony of Ifca SHurum^ where the legto fecunda Augujia was long 
 
 (53) Moft of the houfes diTcovered ai Pompeii had a Tquare 
 court, with a fountain in the middle. Archteologia, vol. iv. 
 p. 164. 
 
 (54) Pl.B. reprefents the fouch-eaft view of Woodchefter {the 
 church of which is nearly in the centre of the view), part of the 
 vale of Gloucefter, with the river Severn running through it, and 
 the foreft of Dean, with pan of Herefordfhire and Monmouch- 
 (hire in the diftance. Nearer to the eye appears Hill Houfe, the 
 beautiful feac of Sir George Paul. This view is taken from the 
 nor[h-v,eft cxttemiiy of Hampton Common. 
 
 PL HI taken from Seliley hill on the oppoliie fide of the 
 valley, contains a bird's eye view of Woodchefter church, and 
 ihe furrounding objeifts (on which the principal light falls), with 
 Rodborough hill in the back ground, and the country near Blfley 
 in the diftance on the left hand. 
 
 PI. IllI contains a nearer view of Woodchefter church, the 
 field called the Parks, and other furrounding objefts, taken from 
 the oppofite fide of the valley, From this view Ibmc idea may be 
 formed of the fituation of the Roman building, fome of the 
 excavations being indicated on the left hand fide of the church. 
 
 The Vignette prefixed co this work has a nearer view of Wood- 
 
 chefter church and Mr. Wathen's houfe, with Rodborough in 
 the diftance, taken from the fcite of the Roman building in the 
 Parks. 
 
 (55) Tacid Annal. lib, xii. c. xxxi. 
 
 (56) The Ikendd-Jireet ran at no great diftance from Wood- 
 chefter, (as may be feen by the map, PI. 1.) in its courfe acrofs 
 this ifland, from eaft to weft. After confulting the beft autho- 
 rities on the fubjeift, and examining as much of the prefent face 
 of the country as I could, I have no doubt that this road ran 
 from Yarmouth in Norfolk to St. David's in Pembrokefiiire. 
 It has been traced through the counties of Norfolk, Cambridge- 
 ftiire, Hertfordftiite, Buckinghamfhire, Oxfordftiire, and Glou- 
 cefterftiire, to Cirencefterj beyond which place it has not been 
 hitherto noticed by any writer. It appears however running in the 
 courfe fliewn in PI. I. towards Auft or the old pafiiige over the 
 Severn, which is fuppofed to have been Trajeaus Augujli. On 
 the other fide of the Severn, it ferns to have acquired the name 
 of JulU Strata. From Cirencefter to Kingfcote it remains nearly 
 entire, except where it has been deftroyed by the inclofures in 
 Cotes Field, and the remains of three Roman buildings have been 
 difcovered on the fide of ic within that diftance. 
 
 ftationed. 
 
DESCRIPTION 
 
 D E S 
 
 A N T I Q^U ITES ROMAINES 
 
 DficOUVERTES A 
 
 WOODCHESTER, 
 
 DANS L E 
 
 COMTE DE GLOUCESTER. 
 
 PAR 
 
 SAMUEL LYSONS, 
 
 MEMBRE DE LA SOCIETE ROTALE ET DE CELLE DES ANTIQUAIRES DE LONDRES. 
 
 A LONDRES: 
 
 IMPRIME PAR A. STRAHAN: 
 
 £T SE VEND CHEZ CAOELL It DAVIES, B. Sc J. WH[TZ, EDWARDS, PAYHE, ROBSON, NICOL, ELMSLV, 
 BT LEIGH tc SOTHEEY. 
 
 M. DCC. XCVU. 
 
ROMAN ANTIQ^UITIES. 
 much m the time of Hadrian; and, as that emperor vifited this illand, and is known to have 
 erefled various edifices in moft other provinces of the Roman empire(6.), it is not by any means im- 
 probable that it was erefted by his order, though it {hould be obferved, that the fame ornaments 
 continued in ufe for a confiderable time afterwards. It does not however appear probable that tt 
 was of a later date than the reign of Septimm Se'oerm, or his rons(63); and mdeed the feveral 
 repairs, which the mofaic pavements appear to have undergone, are of fueh rude worhmanflrip, as 
 indicate their being of a later age, when the arts had much degenerated : the fame obfervat.on may 
 alfo apply to feme of the fragments of columns. The materials and workmanflnp of the or.gmal 
 mofaic, which are much fuperior to moft other works of the fame kind difcovered m this country, 
 are additional proofs of its antiquity. , . r i i 
 
 With regard to the time of the deftrudion of this building, from the coins of the lower empire 
 found among its ruins, it may reafonably be conjeftured that it took place not long before the 
 Romans quitted this Mand, and perhaps at the time of their departure. The dcftruaion fccms to 
 have been efi:-eaed by fire, many appearances of which were feen in feveral parts of the ruins. 
 
 (62) " Orbcm Romanum circumivic et multa jcdificavir." 
 Eutropius, lib. viii, c. vii, . „ - • r 
 
 C6i) This emperor and his ions were in Britain tor a con- 
 fiderable time, and the former died at York, h is not unlikely 
 that this building might have been ereded, or at leaft repaired by 
 one of them. It may be worth remarking, that Bonui Evenius, 
 the deity rcprefcntcd on one of the mofaic floors at Woodchefter, 
 
 is reprefented on the reverfc of a coin of Severas, and his fon 
 Geta (fee the Tail-piece, fig. i and 1 1 .) i and chat on ihe former 
 a Greek ieiter occurs, the C for S, as rhc H does for E in the 
 Woodchefter infcription. The only infcripcion I have feen with 
 this peculiarity of which the age can be afcertained, is one re- 
 lating to Caracalla and Gf/a— NATIS. SEVHRI. Gruten 
 Infcrip. vol. ii. p. 1019- 
 
 I 
 
L I S T E 
 
 DES 
 
 PLANCHES. 
 
 PLANCHES 
 I. 
 
 III. 
 
 IV. 
 V. 
 
 VI. 
 VII. 
 VIII. 
 IX. 
 X. 
 XI. 
 XII. 
 XIII. 1 
 
 XIV. 
 
 XV. 
 XVI. 
 XVII. 
 XVIII. 
 XIX. 
 XX.. 
 XXI. 
 
 TiTRE de rOuvragc. 
 Flanche de Dedicace. 
 
 Vigaette — reprefcntant la vue meridionale de I'Eglife de Woodchefter, et du Chateau 
 de M. Wathen du cote des Pares, avec une perfpeftive de Rodborough. 
 
 Autre Vignette k la fill de I'Ouvrage — Revcrs de Medailles, contenant Ics figures de 
 Bonus Eventus et de Diana Lucifera. 
 
 Carte des Environs de Woodchefter, ou Ton voit des reftes de Routes, de Camps et de 
 Batimens Romains. 
 
 Vue de Woodchefter, et d'unc partie de la Vallee de Glouceftcr, de la Commune de 
 Hampton. 
 
 Vue de Woodchefter et de la CoUine de Rodborough, de la Colline de Selfley. 
 Vue de Woodchefter du cote du Nord-eft. 
 
 Plan de Woodchefter et de fes Environs, avec I'etcndue de I'Edifice Romam qu'on y 
 a decouvert. 
 
 Plan du Batiment Romain decouvert a Woodchefter. 
 Fragment du grand Pave en Mofaique du cote meridional. 
 Pluficurs parties du mSme Pave ftir un plan plus etencju. 
 Fragment du meme Pave du cote du Nord. 
 Deflein general du grand Pave reftaure. 
 Pave en Mofaique d'un Crytoportique. 
 Pave de deux PaiTages. 
 
 Paves en Mofai 
 
 iquc. 
 
 Orneraens employes dans les Paves en Mofaique. 
 
 XXII. Plans 
 
DESCRIPTION 
 
 ANTIQUITES ROMAINES 
 
 D^COUVERTES A 
 
 WOODCHESTER. 
 
 LE village de Woodchefter eft fitue au pied de cette chaine de colHnes qui bornent a Teft la 
 vallee de Gloucefter, a douze milks de cette ville, et a une egale diftance de celle de Cirencefter. 
 Woodchefter, comme Ton nom rindique, fut une ftation des Remains, et on y a decouvert en 
 differens temps des antiquites Romaines (i). La plus remarquable eft un pave en mofaique, dont 
 on a fouvent trouve des parties, en creufant des tombeaux dans le cimetiere, et on les obferva pro- 
 bablement des que ce terrein fut confacre a cet ufage. L'eveque Gibfon eft le premier qui en 
 fait mention dans fon fupplement au Britannia de Camden, public en 1 695 ; mais il fe trompe en 
 avancant que ce pave avoit etc fait pour une maifon relligieufe, qui etoit autrefois a Woodchefter (2). 
 Il dit aufli qu'on' a decouvert dans le meme lieu des monnoies, eC des antiquites Romaines. 
 
 Sir Robert Atkins, dans fon Hijloire du Comte de Gloucefler^ parle aufll du pave en mofaique 
 trouve dans ce cimetiere (3). 
 
 Dans le fecond volume 6.' Antiquites par le comte de Caylus, imprlme a Paris en 17561 la Planche 
 CXXVI. reprcfente une partie de ce pave. C'eft un fegment de pluficurs bandes circulaires, 011 Ton voit 
 les figures d'un lion, d'une lionne, et d'un paon {4). Cette planche fut gravee d'apres le deftein de 
 
 (1) On ajoucok ordinairement au nom de ces fortes de places 
 U (ernninaifon Saxone de ceajter, derivee du mot Latin cajlrum. 
 
 (2) " Woodchefter eft fameux par fa mofaique, reprefenCanl 
 des animaux et des fieursj on la trouve dans le cimetlerCj a deuM 
 ou trois pieds de profondeur en creufanc des tombeaux. Si nous 
 en croyons la tradiiiort, ta femmc du Comte Godwin fit batir dans 
 cet endroit une maifon relligieufcj et la decora de ces beaux orne- 
 mens qu'on y voit encore. II y avoit autrefois une chapelle 
 dediee a St, Blaife-, et en creulant dans les fondemens on y a 
 trouve des monnoies et d'autres antiquites Romaines. On 
 a auITi decouvert dans un caveau plufieurs corps humains, 
 dont les cranes etoicnt cntiers, blancs et folides, ainfi que les 
 dents." P. 275. 
 
 (3) " II y a dans le cimetiere a trois on quaere pieds dc pro- 
 fondeur un pave artiftement iravaille en mofaique, qu'on croit 
 avoir ete celui de la maifon dc quelque general Romain, qui 
 donna fon nom au chateau de cette place. Ce pave eft d'une 
 longueur ecd'unelargeurconfiderablesi mais on n'en connoit pas 
 bienles vraiesdimenfions." Hijloire Ac Sir Robert Atkins, p. 848. 
 
 (4) Eile eft accompagnee de la defcription fulvante: — " C'eft 
 " ici une partie du comparliment fup(?ticur d'un pave Romain, 
 " qui fe trouve dans le cimetiere de Woodchefter, pres de Min- 
 " chin Hampton dans le comte de Gloucefter. Le diametrc 
 " de fon plus grand cercle eft terminc par un ouvrage a carreaux 
 " dans le gout de la mofiique trouvec depuis peu a Stansficld 
 " [5/Kflj>W] dans le comte d'Oxford. On die que le rout tft 
 " foutenu par des arcades, dont pluficurs ont ett rompues depuis 
 " peu par le facriftain. Les pierres ou les briques qui formenc les 
 " diverfes figures, qu'on voit ici reprefentces, ont environ un demi- 
 " pouce cube dcgroffeur, et celles qui compofeni I'ouvrage a car- 
 " reaux, ont environ un pouce. Le pave entier, avec fes deux 
 " compartiments, a cent qujranie et un pieds de long. La tenc a 
 " ete crcufee aux depens d'Edmond Brown Bodborough [_dt Red- 
 " borough'] ecuyer, et ce dcficin a eie fail et colorie fur le lieu par 
 " R. Brodley [BradUyy Page 407. Cette defcription eft 
 fautive, quant a I'etenduc du pav£, et i'erreur vienc probable- 
 mtnt de ce que I'auieur a cru qu'un autre pave alors decouvert 
 en faifoit partie. 
 
 B Robert 
 
PLANCHES 
 
 XXII. 1 
 XXIII.J 
 XXIV. 
 
 XXV. 
 XXVI. 
 
 XXVII. 
 XXVIII. 
 XXIX. 
 XXX. 
 XXXI. 
 XXXII. 
 XXXIII. 
 
 xxxiv.i 
 
 XXXV. J 
 XXXVI. 
 XXXVII. 
 XXXVIII. 
 XXXIX. 
 XL. 
 
 LISTE DES PLANCHES. 
 
 Plans et feftions dc Canaux pour ^chaufer les apartements. 
 
 Reftes de deux Hypocauftes, avec la forme de leurs Tuyaux. 
 
 VuS dcs reftes d'un Laconicum, ou dune Etuve, du c6t6 du Sud-eft. 
 
 Plan du Laconicum et du Bain, avec une feaion dc ce derniiir, et I'efpece dc Brique 
 
 employees dans le premier. 
 Plans et feffions des Canaux du Laconicum. 
 Modelles de Murs &c. 
 Fragments de Colonnes. 
 Fragments de Maibres. 
 Fragments de Stuc. • 
 Fragments de Poterie. 
 Differents Fragments de Poterie, &c. 
 
 Uftenfiles de differentes Efpeces. 
 Fragments de Sculpture. 
 
 Fragments d'un Groupe de Cupidon et de Pfyche. 
 Fragments d'une Statue de Diana L'ucifera. 
 Autre reprefentation de la meme Statue. 
 Fragments d'une Statue et d'un Bufte. 
 
DE WOODCHESTER. 
 
 3 
 
 ct que dans le centre il y avoit une figure en forme d'etoilc, et probablcment femblable a celles qui 
 forment les centres des quatres compartimens quarres de la grande bordure de la mofaique, comme 
 on I'a figuree par une lignc ponftuee dans la Planche X. 
 
 Dans les quatre efpaces angulaires, entre la grande bordure du pave et le grand compartiment 
 circulaire, on voit encore dcs figures de femmes. Il paroit qu'il y en avoit deux dans chaque efpace. 
 Les figures de Tangle au nord-efl, qui fe font mieux confervces que les autres, etoient evidemment 
 des Naiades : Tune eft reprefentec couchee, ayant la main droite fur la tete, et tenant de la gauche 
 une urne bieii reconnoiffable, quoique grofliercment travaillee; Tautre, foutenant fa t£te de la main 
 gauche, etend la droite fur une urne placee fous fon bras gauche. La partie fuperieure de la feconde 
 figure, et la main gauche ct I'urne de la premiere, font rcprefentees plus en grand dans la Planche 
 VIIL fig. I et 2. 
 
 Dans les Planches VII. et IX., -dont la premiere reprefente la partie meridionale, et la derniere la 
 partic feptentrionale de ce pave, on a tache de donner un jac Jimile^ aufli exadt qu'il a etc poffible. 
 Ce qui eft dctruit, et qu'on pouvoit certiincment rcftaurer, eft plus Icgcrement colorie. Il y a aufli 
 quelques figures retablies de la m^me maniere d'aprcs le deflcin de M. Brown. Les parlies plus vive- 
 ment colorices font cclles qui etoient entieres, lors de la dccouverte en 1793. Ces planches font 
 graduees fur une echcllc, oii trois quarts de pouce font un pied. La Planche VIII. reprefente 
 quelques parties de la Mofaique, fur un plan plus etendu, pour donner de cet ouvrage une idee 
 plus correfte qu'on ne pourroit faire dans un plan plus refierre. 
 
 La Planche X. reprefente le plan general de I'ouvrage. Tous les ornemens, et toutes les figures 
 qui nous font bien connues, y font enluminees; et ce qu'on a fupplce par conjeaure n'y eft 
 exprime que par dcs lignes pondtuees (10). 
 
 Dans cette planche, ou Ton a eflaye de donner une idee du deftein original, les figures font 
 mieux executees qu'elles ne le paroiflent dans des planches plus etendues, ou Ton a voulu donner 
 des fac fmile de la mofaique, et ou, fans doute, ces figures font bien inferieures aux deffeins 
 originaux, d'apres Icfquels elles ont etc executees. 
 
 Les difFerens ornemens qui decorent ce pave font du meilleur gout, et, a quelques exceptions 
 pr^s, font tels qu'on les trouve dans les ouvrages les plus parfaits de I'ancienne architc£lure, 
 quoique la grofllerete de !a mofaique ne permit pas de les executor tous egalemcnt bien(ii}. 
 
 Les compartimens dont la grande bordure eft formee, pris fiparement, font tous extremement 
 elegans, et les couleurs y font partout menagees de maniere a produire le plus harmonieux 
 efFet. Les couleurs font le gris bleuatre foncc, le rouge, le blanc, et quelques nuances de brun. 
 La premiere couleur fcrt a marquer les lignes exterieures : le rouge, le brun clair, et le blanc, 
 font employes dans tous les guillochis de maniere a produire une efpece de relief. 
 
 Les figures en general paroiftbnt, quant ^ I'execution, inferieures aux ornemens : ce qui arrive 
 ordinaitcment dans les ouvrages de ce genre, et qu'on doit en grande partie, attribuer a la 
 nature des materiaux, dont ils font compofes. Toutes les figures dans les angles, entre le grand 
 compartiment circulaire et le cadre qui le renferme, font placees de maniere a laifler libres les 
 places ou il y avoit autrefois des colonnes, comme on la marque par une ligne ponauce, 
 Planches VII., IX., et X.; et le fond noir, fur lequel ellcs font rcprefentees, produit le meilleur 
 effet, en faifant faillir la forme du grand compartiment circulaire. La partie du pave pres 
 Tangle au nord-eft a beaucoup perdu de fa couleur, probablcment par le feu. 
 
 (10) C'eft a Robert Smirke ecuyer, A. R. ^ qui je futs 
 redevable de la reftauration de ces figures. 
 
 (11) Les plus remarquables font Ic cartouche Vitruvicn, la 
 cizelure en labjrinthe, et le guillochis. Le bel ornement qu'on 
 appelle cartouche Viiruvien eft un des plus anciens, ct un des plus 
 generalement employe dans les reftes de la peinture et de I'archi- 
 tefture antiques i voyez la Planche XX. fig. i.etj.: dans la der- 
 niere il eft enrichi de feiiillage. La cizelure en labyrinthe, Planche 
 XXl. fig. 2. fe voit fi fouvent dans les reftcs de I'architeflure 
 dcs Grecs, que les Francois I'appeletit cifelore a la Grccque. On 
 en a fait fi univcrfellcment ufage, qu'il n'y a point d'orncment qui 
 
 foit employe plus fouvent dans les ouvrages qui nous viennent 
 des manufaaures de laChineet du Japon. Le guillochis fc ren- 
 contre plus frequemment qu'aucun autre dans les paves en 
 mofaique. II y en a de differenies efpcces, qu'on peut diftinguer 
 par les epithetes de cordc, Ph.nche XXI. fig. 20., double cordc, 
 fig 23., trefle, fig. 14., et double trefic, fig. 12. L'ornement, 
 fig. 10., qui n'eft point ordinaire en architeiture, fe voit fouvent 
 dans les paves en mofaique, qu'on a dccouvert dans ce pays-ci. 
 La fig. 13. etoit) fans doulc, une bordure de glands, ec la fig. 15. 
 une fieur qu'on voic fouvent dans les decorations d'architcc- 
 
 [c] Les 
 
A N T I Q_U ITE'S ROMAINES 
 
 Robert Bradley, et paroit avoir ete tres mal executee. On a encore de Bradley fur le meme fujet 
 plufieurs delTeins, qui, par une note faite fur un d'eux, paroiflent etre de I'annee 1722 (5). 
 
 Edmond Brown ecuyer, qui, fuivant le comte de Caylus, fit faire la fouille a fes frais, deffinavers 
 
 le meme terns une partie du pave de Woodchefter. Ce deflVin eft fur un petit plan ; mais il eft 
 
 bien execute, et on le trouvera tres exa£t dans prefque toutes fes parties. Il contient celle que le 
 
 comte de Caylus a fait graver, et plufieurs autres figures (6). 
 
 Il y a environ dix ans qu on decouvrit encore une petite portion de cc pave, contenant les figures d'un 
 
 elephant et des plufieurs oifeaux {7), et faifant partie de celle qui avoit ete deffinee par M. Brown. 
 
 MaJgre tous les foins que le miniftre de la paroifte prit pour les conferver, I'humidite et la gelee I'ont 
 
 entierement detruite. 
 
 En 1793, en creufant un caveau pour depofer le corps de Jean Wade ecuyer, de Pudhill, on 
 decouvrit, a la profondeur de quatre pieds, une portion afl*ez confiderable de ce meme pave, pour, 
 conjointement avec les autres foiiiUes qu'on fit dans le cours de cette annee et de la fuivante, me 
 mettre a portee de fixer la forme et les dimenfions de cette mofaique. Elle paroit avoir ete un 
 quarre de quarante-huit pieds dix pouces. On peut donner aujourdhui un plan complet de cet 
 ouvrage. Si Ton confidere fa grandeur et la richefle de fes ornemens, on n'a dans les autres provinces 
 de I'empire Romain que tres peu de monumens de ce genre qui puiffent lui ^tre compares, et il eft 
 fans doute fuperieur a tous ceux qu'on a decouvcrt jufqu'ici en Angleterre. 
 
 Le plan general eft une aire circulaire de vingt-cinq pieds de diametre, renferme dans un cadre 
 divife en vingt-quatre compartimens, enrichi d'une grande variete de guillochis, de cartouches, de 
 cizelures, et autres ornemens d'architedure antique, borde en dedans par un guillochis trefie, et en 
 dehors par une cizelure en forme de labyrinthc, entre une cizelurc fimple et un guillochis trefie. 
 
 Le grand compartiment circulaire ou I'aire central eft environne d'une bordure formce d'un 
 cartouche Vitruvien, ornee de chaque cote d'un guillochis, et enrichie d'lm feuillage partant d'un 
 mafque du dieu Pan, qui a une barbe de feuilles. Dans cette bordure font reprefentes diffcrens 
 aniniaux, autrefois au nombre de douze, fur un fond blanc, et partages par des arbres et des fleurs- 
 On y voit encore les figures d un griffon, d'un ours, d'un leopard, d'un cerf, d'une tigrefle, d'un 
 lion, et d'une lionne. Celles d'un fanglier et d'un chien, qu'on trouve dans le defiein de M. Brown, 
 ainfi que celle d'un elephant, ont ete detruites depuis, et il ne refte aucun veftige des deux autres, 
 qui nous manquent, pour remplir toute la circonference. La plupart de ces figures ont environ 
 quatre pieds de longueur. 
 
 Dans le cercle occupe par ces animaux eft un cercle plus petit, fepare du plus grand par un guil- 
 lochis et une bordure de glands, fur lequel font reprefentes differens oifeaux fur un fond blanc. 
 Voyez les Planches VH. et IX., ou les figures fimplement deflinees font prifes du defiein de 
 M. Brown, cette partie du* pave etant detruite. II y a aufil dans ce cercle une figure qui paroit avoir 
 ete celle d'un renard. 
 
 Dans le cercle des oifeaux eft un compartiment odogone, forme par un guillochis corde. Dans fa 
 partie mcridionale, ainfi que dans celle des oifeaux, font des places vuidcs deftinees pour la principale 
 figure de I'ouvrage, aujourdhui mutilce. Lorfque M. Brown la deflina, il n'y manquoit que la tete: 
 L-Ue reprefente Orphee jouant d'une lyre appuyee fur fon genou gauche (8). 
 
 Il n'exifte plus aujourdhui aucune partie du pave de I'oftogone central; mais par une note ecrite 
 cn marge dun des defleins (9) de Bradley, il paroit qu'i! contenoit des figures de poifiTons, 
 
 (5) L'un eft dans la bibllorhc-que dc la Socictedes Anciquaires 
 de Londres; I'autrc dans la coliedion de Richard Gough ecuyer; 
 et un [roifiemc dans le Muleum Brktanique. II y a dans le Bri- 
 tannia de Camdciij public par Mr. Gough, une gravure fur le 
 m6me fujec. 
 
 (6) Ce dclTein apparticnc maintenant a Sir George Paul 
 Bart. 
 
 (7) La Societe des Anclquaires en a public une gravure dans le 
 fecond volume de ies Monumenia Velujia. Planche XLIV. 
 
 (8) Les Romains reprelentoient fouvent la figure d'Orphee 
 dans les ouvrages de cette efpccc. On la trouve dans la mofaique 
 de Wincerton dans le comte de Lincoln, dans celle qu'on de- 
 
 couvrit a Littlecot dans le comte de Wilts en 1730, et dans une 
 autre ires belle qu'on trouva en Suiffe entre Ivonand et Chcire en 
 1778. 
 
 (9) Ce deffeineft tnainicnant en la poffeiTion de Richard Gough 
 ecuyer. Aprts avoir decrii les dimenfions de ce pave a peu pies 
 dans les memes termes que nous venons d'cxtraire du comte de 
 Caylusi I'autcur de cette note ajoute; — " On die que tout le pave 
 " eft foutenu par une voute, et qu'il y a des figures dans te cercle 
 " B. Dans le centre il y a une figure en forme d'etoile : a un 
 " quart de mille deta un fcrtnier trouva quelques charrettces de 
 " la meme briquc, dont on fait ufage dans les paves de ce 
 " genre." 
 
 • et 
 
DE WOODCHESTER. 
 Dan. Tangle au nord-oueft du pavi, dont on a donn^ la defcription nag. 3., on trouva une 
 
 furface du pave foutcnue par tro.s autrcs da la n>6me ^paiffeur, et placfc, comma par degr^s. 
 a un p.cd au deffou. 1 una da lautre. Comma il n'y a point da pav^ dans les angles dans 
 lun defquels on a d^couverr cas pierras, et que daiUeurs tou.as las figures font difprfLrd 
 mamera a la.ffer ces efpaaes libres, il y a tout lieu de croire, qu'ils Lent remplis^rr de 
 bares de colonnes ; que las pierres, dont nous vanons da parlar. fervoiant i las fuppor'te 
 
 :;pirr:x;r^ "^-^ " - ^ 
 
 angk drot ""lis "V^^^-^u'il X avoit fous le pav^ des canaux, qui fe coupoient 4 c..„ 
 
 et c'eft " i"^"' ^ P*' P="^"" P-fq"= P- tout/""'- 
 
 « c eft par ee moyen qu'on eft par.anu i an fixer affez exaftamant las dimenfions lis on 
 
 tlit D uf r t avec des tuyaux plac& dans les murs \ laurs ex- 
 
 Qui nar fT , --^r^: ''"'I""'' '=°'"P°r&. a™i=nt dun eoti des traits 
 
 n:^;^rr;:r75:::';^:"""^' ^--^ ^"^-^ • 
 
 Les canaux ^toiant a kurs eentras de la mema largeur au haut quau bas; mais an ap- 
 prochant des extr^m:t& ils diminuoient graduellemant, jufqu'a ae que k haut At^duit VL 
 pouees de large 4 ehaqua extr^mit^. Voyez la Planclia XXIII fi^ , , , " ,. 
 das feaions das trois diffirentes parties, ia partie noi Lwf dat fi^u ^ r^ue le" Z 
 de cc quon pouvoit voir des canaux. B ■= i- marque le plan 
 
 lis font b4tis en pierres, cimenta, out pour pav^ une cfpeca da cimant extremament dur 
 II ny apas de doute que ces canaux etoiant deftin^s i porter la chaleur dans lappartemant 
 
 mixtatr^f ' '"^"-^'"^ — ' — tcr 
 
 On fit cnfuite plufiaurs fouilles au nord du pav6, dont nous vanons da parler et i la nro 
 fondeur d environ quatre pieds, on trouva encore dans la plApart le ciment dur fur Wl on" ''^ 
 avo, evidemment place les pav& da differens autres appartemens, et on dit qu'arcrau'an u^ 
 tombaau, ,1 y a quelquas ann^es, dans lendroit marque^ (a) fur le plan Planche V ! 
 
 ^^brv^TAr^ti:™ - - .^^.':L^zt:::^^ 
 .on^ l^Vk^tdH: ^vz'z ^Sota=^ftr^-:L^ 
 
 ?u:Yp,ancrxirfitt' ™ « ^"^^ '■-p'^ " eft':Si 
 
 Us tejfera: font 4 pau prjs des cubes dun pouca, et les mat^riaux en fnnr l„ > 
 ceux dont nous avons par. dans la defcr.ption^ du'grand pa" W:i;r ortl^d": 
 
 «o„_„„= couche d'argik d. d™x pieds d'cp,4„r. dont "(Z SjlLcTretirfJ" ' r'""'™' """"able .i„6 
 • bas. C ed ce que le Dofleur Tabor fuppofe e.rela /L™ J,, de p. jSj. et fje. ' A,eh=:<,logia, ,„1. ix. 
 
 • Retlea d'un paf- 
 
A N T I Q_U ITE'S ROMAINES 
 Les matiriaux (12) dont ce pav6 eft compofi, pour la popart, font prefque des cubes d un 
 demi pouce: ce.x de la bordure ext^rieure font plus grands, et ccux qui font pres du centre font 
 bcaucoup plus petUs. U y a un grand nombre de ces mat^r.aux qui font tnangulaircs et de 
 diff^rentes formes; ainfi Touvragc ea enticr ne pouvoit contenir moms dun million et demi de 
 
 ^'La'plus grande partie de ces mat^rlaux fe trouve dans cc pays-ci, except^ le blanc qui eft 
 une Pierre calcaire tr^s dure, facile ^ polir, et refTemblant ^ peu pres au marbre de Pa lombmo 
 en Italie. Rien n'^toit plus proprc que cette pierre i un travail de cette efpece, et les Ro-- 
 mains I'ont employee dans la p^pa^t des pav^s en mofaique, qu'ils ont fait conftruire dans les 
 autres parties de TEurope. Le gris bleuitre fonc^ eft dune pierre dure et argilleufc, qu on 
 trouve dans plufieurs endroits de la valine de Gloucefter, et qu'on app^le dans le p^^ys fyas 
 bleu Le cendr^ eft d'une pierre de la m^me efp^ce, qu'on trouve fouvent dans les memes 
 carriires que la premiere. Le brun fonc£ eft dune pierre fablonneufe, qu on trouve pr^s de 
 Briftol et dans la for^t de Dean. Le brun ckir relfemble bcaucoup a la pierre dure et cal- 
 caire de Lypiat, a environ deux milles de Woodchefter. Enfin le rouge eft une efp^ce de 
 brique d'une argille tres fine. r 1 ^ 1 . 
 
 Dans I'automne de 1794, on cut occafion de foiiiller i une profondeur confiderable, vers 
 I'angle au nord-cft du grand pavi, ;i I'endroit m^mc ou il avoit d£j^ rompu. Le ciment 
 fur lequcl il etoit pofe, paroiffolt avoir environ hult pouces d'ipaiiTeur, et etoit compofe de 
 eravier fin. de brique broy^e, et de chaux; le tout formant un folide extr^memcnt dur, fur 
 lequcl on avoit pof^ les ujfcra^, dans un ciment deli6, fait en grande partie avec de la chaux. 
 Les jointures en etoient remplies d un ciment fi dur qu'll etoit plus difficile a rom^pre que les 
 pierres ra^mes qui compofoicnt les tejero!. Le fecond /rqtum avoit trois pieds d'epais, et pa- 
 rolflbit compofe d'un gravier plus groffier, avec une grande quantit^ de iepr^, qui y Etoient 
 meles ; fous ce fecond J}ratum il y en avoit un troifieme fait avec un fable rougeatre, de 
 I'argile et des morccaux de brique, formant un tout d environ un pied d'epaiffeur, fous lequcl on 
 trouvoit le fol naturcl (13). 
 
 Dans 
 
 (11) Vitruve.apres avoir decrit la maniere dont on doit eCaSlir 
 les fondemens des pives, ajoutei— " Supra nucleum, ad regulam ec 
 " Ubelhm exaaa, pavimciHi ftruantur, fwe fcddihus, feuteffciis. 
 " Cum caextrufta fuerini, ec falligia excruaioncs habuerint, ita fri- 
 " cencur, uti ft feflUia fint, nulli gradus in fcutulis, auc trigonis, aut 
 " quadratis, feu favis extent. Sed coagmcniorum cnmpuriiio pla- 
 tium habeal inter fe direflionem. Si lelTeris ftruaum erit, ul effi 
 omncs angulos habcant Kquales, nuUibique a fricatura txrantes. 
 " Cum enim anguli non fuetint omnes asqvialiter plani, non c(ii 
 exafta, uc oportet, fricatura" II y a eu unc grande divcrfiic 
 d'opinions parmi les commentateurs dc cec ecrivJin, fur h figni- 
 licatioii des mots /cHilia et ti/era. Les uns pretendent que les 
 /eaiiia et les tiffer^ ne different que par la maiiere dam ils font 
 compofes, affurant que les premiers font des pierres naiurelles, et 
 les feconds une compofition. D'autres pretendent que la fonnc 
 feiile conftitue cette difference, affirmant que les Itjjir^ font tou- 
 jours des quarrcs, ec kifiHilia indifferemment des lozanges, des 
 triangles, des quarres, et des exagones. 
 
 Plufieurs ont cru que les ltjer<e etoient les matcriaux de la 
 mofaique, et que les JeiiiHa etoient les plus con fide rabies pieces 
 de marbre, qui entrent dans cei ouvrage, tandis que I'opinton 
 contraire a ece defendui; par d'aucres. Voyez le Lexicon Viiru- 
 vianum, par De Laet, au moi^ejtra. Furiettii/^ Muftvis, p. ir. 
 Le yitruvius de Newton, pag, 155. 7ranf. Phil. vol. 30. pag. 
 566. Antiquiies d'Avencbis, par M. Schmidt, pag. 64. Ce- 
 pendant les modernes ont adopie generalemenc le mot tejer^, 
 pour exprimer les matcriaux d'une nriofa'ique, quelque ait pu etre la 
 fignitication originale de ce mot. 
 
 Tous les reftes de la mofaique de Woodchefter, comme que 
 j'ai eu occafion de I'examiner moi-meme, font compoles de ma- 
 seriaux qui parolffent avoir etc employes entiercmcnt brutes, ec 
 dont enfuite on a poll la lurface. 
 
 ^13) Vitruve donne des regies tres decaillees poor \iruderatie, 
 uu la conftrudion des Jubjirata dea paves. Si Ton vouloic les poler 
 
 fur un (ond de Cerre, il falloit d'abord mcttre ce tcrrein bien 
 de niveau, et, s'il n'etoit pas ferme, il falloit bien le battre avec la 
 hie, et enfuite y affeoir le ftatumen et !e rudus, L'auteur die 
 ce qu'u emend par le, ftatumen ec le rudus, en ^m[3M Atijubjlraia 
 des paves places fur pilocis. ,Ces /ubjtrata devoient eire tom- 
 poles (le Irois parties; la premiere, qui fe mettoit deffous, ecoic Ic 
 ftatumen, faicde pierres, dont aucune ne dcvoit etre de moindre 
 grofieur que cclle que peut contenir la mains la feconde etoit le 
 rudus, auquel il falloic ajoutcr un quart dc chaux, s'il eioic neuf, 
 et deux-feptiemes, s'il nel'etoic pas. Le rudus ne devoit pas avoir 
 moins de neuf pouces d'epaiffeur, et il failloit employer les coups 
 redoubles de la hie, pour lui donner toute la folidite poffible. Sur 
 le rudus on pofoii le nucleus, fait avec des tuiles ou des teis broyes, 
 auxqucls on ajoutoit un quart de chaux, et fur le nucleus on pofoit 
 le pave. 
 
 " Statuminetor ne minors faxo, quam quod poffiC manum 
 " implerc: ftatuminibus induftis ruderetur, Rudus fi novum erir, 
 " ad tres partes una calcis mlfceacur, fi redivivum fuerit, quinque 
 " ad duum mixtiones habeant refponhim. Deinde rudus induca- 
 " tur ec veftibus ligneis dccuriis induilis crebriter pinfatione fo- 
 " lidecur, cc id non minus pinfum abfolucum craftirudine fit do- 
 " drantis. Infuper ex tefta nucleus indocatur, mixtiunem habena 
 " ad tres partes unam calcis, uti nc minore fit cralliiudrnc pavi- 
 " memum digitorum fenum. Supra nucleum, ad regulam et li- 
 " bellam exada, pavimema ftruancur." Viiruvius, lib. vii. 
 cap. I. 
 
 Vicruve donne enfuite la mcthode de conftruire le ftatumen, 
 Ic rudus, ec le nucleus des paves en plein air, dont, felon Plinc, 
 {Nat, Hiftor. lib. xxxvi. cap, 25.) on faifoicufage pourles terraces 
 fur le hauc des maifons. Cecte dernierc mcthode etoit a peu pres 
 femblable a la premiere, dont nous venons de parler. 
 
 On a examine les Jubjirata des paves Komains qu'on a de- 
 coiivcrt dans ce pays-ci. Dans le bain, qu'on trouva a Eall 
 Bourne en 1716, et dont le Doflcur Tabor donne la defcription 
 duni k [roifieinc tome des Tranfad. Philofoph., la compofition lur 
 
 laquelle 
 
ROMAN ANTI Q^U I T I E S 
 
 7 
 
 removed from the extreme hardnefs of the cement, and the four fragments of a mofuc pavement, 
 reprefentiid in Pi. XIX. were laid open. 
 
 The fragments of this pavement which remain are fufficient to afcertain the general defign of Mofak pavement, 
 it; fee Pi. XIX. They are in a good tafte, and very fimilar to that of a large mofaic pavement ^^-^^fn^^- 
 difcovt:red at Avenches(i5) in Switzerland. The defign confifts of five oftagonal compart- 
 ments, containing figures on a white ground, furrounded by a double labyrinth fret; immediately 
 within which on the north fide is a fcroU of flowers, having a vafe in the centre ; fee PI. XX. 
 fig. 3 . In the remains of the compartments at the north-weft and fouth-caft corner are fragments of 
 Bacchanalian figures. The odagonal compartment at the fouth-wefl corner is entire, and contains 
 figures of two boys holding up a bafket of fruit and leaves, with the words EONUM EVEN- infcription. 
 TUM{i6J infcribed under them. The compartment at the north-eaft corner had nothing re- 
 maining within the odtagonal border, except the letters BIINII C being part of the 
 
 remainder of the foregoing infcription; the lafl: word has probably been COLITE, which would 
 exaflly fill up the fpace which is elfaced. The infcription would then be (17) " BONVM 
 
 EVENTVM BENE COLITE." It is reprefented of half the original fize in PI. XX. fig. 1 
 and 2., in order more diftinftiy to fhew the form of the Utters. One peculiarity is to be obfcrved 
 in this infcription, II (no doubt intended for the Greek H) is introduced for E ; a circumftance 
 by no means uncommon in the Roman infcriptions, and equally occurring, whether t!ie E be 
 long or fhort{i8). Unfortunately the date of few of thofe infcriptions is known, fo that this 
 peculiarity will not ferve as a criterion towards afcertaining the age of the mofaic, which it 
 might otherwife have done. 
 
 The room to which this pavement belonged, appears to have been a fquare of twenty-two feet 
 ten inches ; th-- walls, which are two feet thick, and formed of ftone roughly hewn, remain to the 
 height of about three feet on every fide. Several fragments of ftucco, painted in frefco, were Fragments of 
 found among the rubbifii, and fome adhering to the walls ; the colours of which w^e very frefh when ^pl,°xxxt. 
 wetted (29\ Some fpecimens of them arc reprefented in PI. XXXI. fig. i, 2, and 3. On the vvefl 
 fide there was a double wall, with a fpace of fix inches between them ; a circumftance frequently 
 occurring in the remains of Roman buildings (20 
 
 Several flues were difcovercd under the laft mentioned pavement, crofUng each other at right jiuea under the 
 angles ; they were four feet in depth, and one foot eleven inches in width. At the end of feveral P"*""""' 
 
 (15) See " Recuell d'Antiquites trouvees a Avenches pir Mr. names of thofe who contributed money towards the making of ic. 
 
 " Schmidt," pi. i. See Furietii de Mufivis, p. 6i. Another, difcovercd in 1755 at 
 
 „ fUD A v. A Metz in France, had DIANAE VENATRICI infcribed on it. 
 
 (.6) £^.« «. was one of the Roman de,t,e , and had a gee Recueil d'An;. de Gaylus. vol. v. pi. cxviii. A fragment of 
 
 temple at Rome Phny menfons a ftatue of th.s de.ty the work Winckleman's Monumenti Antichi Inediti, 
 
 of Eiiphranor, holding a patera in his neht hand, and an ear of . , ° r ■ .u l j „f . „i.;ur„.,i,..- -.u ,u:i 
 
 ' - L- I r fvu • \ 1 .u .. P . c XV. rcprefentme the head of 3 philolopner, with this 
 
 >h. Cap,.ol, h, Pra„tte (l,b »xx.,. c. J.)- He "?'f ''<'f " „ „ difcov,; , „,y conou. pavemen, near 
 
 ■he iame manner on ihe re.erfc of a com of Ti.u. (r« .he ,aj. j, ^ Dorfellhirt, which has three hexamcer verfes in- 
 
 piecc of this work, hg. 2.)- The reverie of a com of Geta has ' 1; . , ' 
 
 a female freure holtJino a difti of fruits in her right hanc], and ears ""^t 'I^ mo aic. „„i : ^ . it, 
 
 of corn in Lr left this infctiption-BONIEVENTUC (fee „i-5,>„-^,rMHKKTlT m ano'lhrrfv^^ 
 
 "V.* ;o''Sont],L E.m., antong the twelve deities who 'VLIAII, and f "'^^11 MERENTE ^ 
 
 - , , , a: ■ 1 L J I u • 3 T> or work, the a^e of which can with any prohabihty be guefled at, 
 
 prefrJed over the affairs of htilW.y, hb.,. de Re. Ruf. is in vol. ii? p. 10,9. fig. =. .hich has NATIS SIIVIIRi; 
 
 (17} Infcriptions have been found on mofaic pavements in fuppofed to allude to Caracalla and Geta, the fons of Septimius 
 
 manjf parts ol Europe, though none, I believe, in England be- Severus. Other examples may be I'ccn in Gruter, vol. i. p. 63. 
 
 fore the prefeiit dilcuvery. In that of the Temple of Fortune at fig. 7. p. 9S. fig. 2. p. 656, fig. 6. vol. 2. p.8i8, fig. J. p. 968. 
 
 Palffiftrina, the ancient Prienefle, fuppofed to be the fame men- f. ^. Bj6. f. 12. and 903. f. ji. — The H is ufed lor E on the 
 
 lioned by Pliny, iib, xxxvi, c. 25. are the names of various ani- reverfe of a coin of Gallienus in the word SECVLARHS. 
 rt^ab in G.eck. One difcovered at Aug^ourg more than two ^j^^^ ^^^^ j^.^ 
 
 centunes ago had figures of gbdntors m comparmients with '^{^^ ^ji, ^„ .. Dolores autem udo teftorio cum 
 
 names mfCr^bed under them. Th,s ,s engraved m We fers Res P J 
 Auiuftanie Vindciics, p. 237., and in the firft volume ofGruccrs ••"6 i l,- - ,. •> 
 
 Infcriptions, p. 336. Another difcovered at Avenches in 167 j, permanences, no. vii. c. 3. 
 
 reprcleniing the figures of different animals, had this infcription — (ao) Vitruvius direSa this to be done in damp fituationa on the 
 
 POiMPElANO ET AVITO COSS KAL. IAN. (which con- ground-floor. " Sin autem aliquis paries perpetuos habuerit 
 
 filiate was in the reign of Septimius Severus). Another, dif- " humores, paulum ab eo reccdatur, ec firuatur alter tenuis 
 
 covered at the fiime place in i6Sg, had the head of a man in " dilUns ab eo quantum res pacietur," lib. vii. c. 4. 
 the middle, and dolphins at the corners, with this infcription — A double wall was difcovered in the remains of 3 Roman build- 
 
 PROS THASIVS FECIT. See Schmidt's Antitjuiiics of ing near Mansfield Woadhoufc in Nottinghamlhirc. SccArchffiO- 
 
 Avenchcs, p. 22. A mofaic pavement, found at Verona, had the lugia, vol. viii. p. 366. 
 
 D of 
 
c liinguc 
 
 A N T I Q_U ITE'S ROMAINES 
 
 ce paffage, on d&ouvrit unc partie dun autre pavi, a un pied au deffus du niveau du paffage. 
 Ce pavi- itoit beaucoup plus groffier que celui du paffage, et itoit tris mal ex&ut^, le dcffein 
 n'&aut autre chofe que dcs raics de blanc, de bleu, et de rouge, tr^s mal afforties. 
 
 Immediatemcnt tenant i ce paffage du cdti du midi, ainfi qu'd Teft du grand pavi, eft le pavi 
 en mofaique dun autre appartement. Planche VI. N' 3. Lc deffem en eft tr^s fimplc et tres 
 acgant. II confiftc en une natte de trois couleurs, de gris fonce, dc rouge, et de blanc, avcc une 
 double bordure rouge. Voyez la Planche XIII. La mofaique en eft auffi groffr^rc que celle du der- 
 nier, dont nous venons dc parler. 
 
 On na point decouvert d'autres pavis en mofaiquc du cote de left ; mais on y a trouve 
 plufieurs fondemens de murs, qu'on a marqu^ fur le plan du tcrrein. Planche VI. N°4. 
 „moH,.= II y a environ vingt ans que, dans un verger fitu^ k I'olieft du cimetiere, on d&ouvrit un 
 
 '" autre pave en mofaique, qui paroiffoit avoir ete celui d'une gallerie allant au midi du grand 
 
 pave. La partie qu'on decouvrit avoit environ quinze pieds de longueur, et n'etoit nulle- 
 ment cndommagec, lots de la decouverte ; mais elle a ete entierement dccruite depuis. Au mois 
 de Deeembre 1793, en foiiillant dans la direSion de ce pave on en decouvrit aifement plu- 
 fieurs autres parties, ftiffifantes certainement pour en faire voir tout le plan, a I'exception de 
 quelques compartimens au centre, qu'on avoit detruits en creufant des tombcaux. La gal- 
 lerie dans laquelle ctoit ec pave, paroit avoir eu cent quatorzc pieds dc long, ct dix dc large, 
 excepte le long du mur du grand pave, ou elle eft rcduite a la largeur de neuf pieds. La 
 mofaique eft auffi grofficre que celle des autres paffages, et eft ornce d'une grande varicte de 
 deffeins, principalemcnt de labyrinthes, de nattes, ct d'etoiles, pour la plupart d'un bon goijt, 
 formant des compartimens quarres, dont I'enfemble eft bordc d'un fimple guillochis corde, et 
 de deux fimples raies rouges. Voyez la Planche XL fig. i., oia Ton voit k difpofition des 
 ■ diffcrens compartimens fur un petit plan fcpare. On a fort mal rcparc le labyrinthe du cote de 
 I'cft, en y tra9ant des rales groffi&es de bleu, de rouge, ct de blanc. 
 
 Les parties du mur de eettc gallerie, qui reftoient du cote du midi, avoient deux pieds 
 d'cpaiffeur, et au dela vers lc midi il y avoit une aire d'un ciment tres dur. 
 
 Comme le pave etoit dctruit au centre, et qu'il ne reftoit plus aucuns fondemens du mur, 
 il etoit inipoffible d'affurer, s'il y avoit eu une entree, de cette gallerie immediatemcnt dans 
 I'appartement ou etoit le grand pave, 
 iiuircs decou- Ayant obtenu dc Samuel Wathen ecuyer, proprietaire d'un verger contigu au cimetiere, la 
 «rger.'''"* ^ permiffion de creufer dans fon terrein, on y fit une foiiille, a la diftance d'environ vingt-cinq 
 pieds du mur du cimetiere, vis-a-vis le centre du grand pave, qu'on y a decouvert, et a la 
 profondeur de trois pieds, on trouva une aire d'un ciment extremement dur. On en ota quelques 
 morceaux, et on decouvrit un petit fragment d'un pave en mofaique, a fix pouces au deffous 
 du niveau de cette aire (14). Alors I'ayant enlevee toute entiere, quoiqu'avee beaucoup de 
 peine, a caufe de la durete extreme du ciment, on trouva les quatre fragmens de pave en mo- 
 faique reprefentes dans la Planche XIX. 
 Paves en mo. Les fragmens qui reftent de ce pave, fuffifent pour en donner le deffein general. Voyez 
 ei'xx.^' Planche XIX. lis font d'un bon gout, et tres reffemblans a eeux du grand pave, qu'on a 
 decouvert a Avenehes (15) en Suiffe. Le deffein confifte en cinq compartimens oftogones, eon- 
 tenant des figures fur un fond blanc, borde d'une double cifelure en labyrinthe, dans laquelle, 
 du cote du nord, eft immediatemcnt un cartouche de fleurs : au centre eft un vafe. Voyez 
 la Planche XX. fig. 3. Dans les reftes des compartimens aux angles du nord-oijeft, et du 
 fud-eft, font des fragmens de figures de Bacchantes. Le compartiment oftogone dans Tangle 
 au fud-oueft eft entier, et contient les figures de deux enfans portant un panier de fruits et 
 
 (14) Ces recherches fe firent Tous la direftion de Mr. George (15) Voyez le " Recueil d'Anciquites trouvces i Avenchei 
 Hawker, refidant dans levoirmage,dontlezeleei les cravauxjudici- " par Mr. Schmidt," pi. i. 
 eufemcnc diriges one beaucoup coniribuc a la prefenc decouverte. 
 
 de 
 
DE WOODCHESTER. 
 
 en dcu. compartimens quarres, remplis de labyrinthcs, unis enfemble par un guillochi. treffi ' 
 rcnfermcs dans deux petites raies rouges. (Voyez la Planche XIV.) Les qui J\ " 
 
 a plus gromerc, n out pas morns d'un pouee cubique. On trouva fur ce pavi une .randc nuan- 
 tite d un morticr tres dur. ' ounuc quan- 
 
 On fit enfuiteplufieurs trousetplufieurstraneh&s, a unc ^tendue eonfid&.abIc, au nord ct d 
 1 cueft de 1 apparrement (PI. VI. N» ro.); nrais on n= pur y deeouvrir ni paves ni murs. rioueft ' 
 dubatrnren ,lyavo,t une aire dun cinrenr dur. qui savansoit a la diftanee de plufieur pieds 
 du mur exterreur On di-eouvrit dans le cimetic^re quelques reftes dun hypocaufte i Plan hev/ 
 
 m.elXh::cuvV'e?rr™ ""/f"^- ™ ^'^"^ ^""^ »PP— ' ^ ^a- 
 
 PI 1, .7, ' ™ d™t il eft Cpari- par un chemin. (Vovez 
 
 P neheV.) On creufa diredement vis-a-vis le grand pav^ dn eimetiL, dans un endr I 'oi " 
 
 des fillons encore traces fur leterrein, ct formant des angles droits avec c; pav^, indiquoi nt la 
 
 co„t,„ua.,on du baUnrcnt. On y d^couvrrt bientot Ics reftes de plufieurs njs, la profondeu 
 
 d e v.ron tro. p.cds au deffous de la furface du terrein; nrais on nefit point beaucoup d'e progr " 
 
 pare que le fernrrer du champ difiroit que louvrage fut remis jufqu'a lautomne fuivant et ^ 
 
 futalorsquon decouvrrt une grande partie des murs. lis ftoient batis en pierre du pay If 
 
 ne relto, que les fondemens. lis avo.ent gineralcment deux pieds fix pouces d'ipaiffeur dans Ic 
 fond qu on trouvo,t a deux pieds deux pouees au deffous de ee qui paro'ffoit avo r & le niv 1 
 
 tl rl I " ' ^'"^ '^"^'-> — = difc" "O^ -fons. (Voy™ 
 
 unc feflion, Planche XXVIII. fig. 2.) ^ ivoyeztn 
 
 enr'c trcnte4urrfur qu 'ts" ft "r 'Tf'"' ''^'^—f'' " 
 
 ■, . ,r , r 1"'""'= " l-esmursrdtoicnt en plufieurs endro ts a la hauteur deouafri-""'"- 
 
 Ltnt K °" ■J™" P-'J^ deux pouees d' l 
 
 etcent reconverts en bnque cn difi-erens .ndroits. Du e6t6 du midi ils avoicnt un pied d x pouc 
 deparffeur eto,entplatres en dehors en plufieurs cndroits, ct prints dun rouge foncf On trou™ 
 parmr les d6combrcs plufieurs fragmens dc ftuc. dont ils avoLt &6 r^vitus fn dedans Ce 7" 
 mens etccntpernts en diffircntcs couleurs a frefque. ct fur plufieurs il y avoit des f gmcn? d' n" 
 
 XX r r; 77 - 't '^^'"r' --P™''- ^"^'z Pknehe 
 
 Planche VI N- t'e -l' " T ™" 1" ^'^'^ ''^g'^ - ^^d-eft de rappartement, 
 
 pa cr„Tdec t ' " " "''-^ksd&ombres qui fe trouvoient'dans IW 
 
 parri du of - H " ''"T' '^'^ ''™ P^"' q"'" y -oit - quelques 
 
 d ; rbre dc d^Je't^r™"^' '1°'^"' °" ^ '""^ plufieurs tranches . 
 
 c marbre dc diffcrentes efpeccs, parfeuhcrement dc marbres Strangers; on peut voir la forme »4"x,v 
 
 fitr TtT^ T'^^r^ La figure eft I'c faligno k gros 
 
 brunt Ic d "'^'''-."^'"t"' ™ "-bre du Paros; la figure 3. eft dun mfrbrcLug 
 worth iX' """""^ '^^"^™P ''^ ct de pi 
 
 Z b'll ^''t f "a'"'^"'^''" eft tr& remarquablc, et de la 
 
 plus belle cfpecc. Le fond en eft blanchatrc avec des veincs de verd clair ct dc brun foL. On peut 
 avou meruftc ces tranches de marbre dans les murs ou dansles pavfe. II eft probable que Ics plus 
 mrnccs^qu. n ont pas plus dun quart de poucc d'cpaiffcuf ^toient cmply&s a'ce dcr!!!:: 
 
 coi?nn'™" !^ dc rappartement, Planche VI. N" 26.. la bafe ct Ic chapiteau dune petite 
 
 colonnc en ordre Dor.que, faite dc picrre du pays. La moulure, quoiquc pas enrierement corSc' fc;; . 
 
 vo,„ Pi,„! 'z: lib Svi?c. T. S. 1^1 " «"ii>-^ 
 
8 ROMANANTI Q_U 1 T I E S 
 
 of them were funnels of brick tile, placed uprig'it in the wall, fimilar to thofe before mentioned. 
 Some accident fecms to have happened to thcfe flues, which dellroyed the greater part of the 
 mofaic pavement over them ; for it feems to have been forced up and demoliflied every where in the 
 direaion of the flues, and the edges of that which remains appear cracked. The floor of cement 
 was probably laid over to fupply the place of that which had been fo deftroyed. 
 
 The remains of another room, twenty feet ten inches by twenty feet two inches, were difcovered 
 adjoining to that laft dcfcribed (PI. VI. N° 9.); the floor was formed of the fame hind of cement, 
 and the walls remained nearly to the fame height, and were of the fame thicknefs; under the floor, 
 fi™pu"t°'' ^"'^ ""'^^ °^ dimenfions as thofe of the adjoining room. (See the plan of them, PI. XXII. 
 
 fig. 2. and a feaion, fig. 3.) On the outfide of the weft wall, about four feet below the furfacc of 
 the ground, confiderable remains of the fire-place which heated thefe flues were difcovered. (See 
 PI. VI. o.) The aperture under the wall, where the fire feems to have been placed, was formed by 
 bricks one foot five inches long, one foot wide, and two inches thick ; it is one foot eleven inches 
 wide at the bottom, and fix inches at the top, where a fort of arch is formed by the edges of the 
 bricks gradually advancing beyond each othcr(2i). See PI. XXII. fig. 5. 
 
 This fire-place has walls one foot eight inches thick on each fide of it, four feet two inches afunder 
 and projeaing four feet from the wall of the room (22). It is probable that this was formerly arched ■' 
 a conliderable quantity of fkulls and bones of animals, for the moft part flieep, were found near the 
 fire-place. 
 
 'S"™.. "^^^ °f twenty feet long, and twelve feet eight inches wide, (PI. VI. 
 
 PL. w.„dXVl. N" 12.) were difcovered on the fouth fide of that laft defcribed, fome part of the mofaic pavement 
 ot which was remarmng : this is in a very good tafte, and fufiicient for the purpofe of making out the 
 whole defign, except the centre. (See PI. XV., and a part of it on a larger fcale in PI. XVI. fig. 3.) 
 The defign, when entire, confifted of a circular compartment between two oblong ones, united 
 together by a fingle twifted guilloche, and having a border formed by a labyrinth fret between 
 which and the wall is a confiderable fpaee filled up with plain red tefl-er^, rather more than an inch 
 fquare. It is probable that the circular compartment, when entire, contained fome figure in its 
 centre. 
 
 The fragment of the oblong compartment which remains, PI. XVI. fig. 3., is extremely elegant, 
 havmg the Vitruvian feroU with foli.agc, inclofed within a fimple Vitruvian fcroll. What was in 
 the centre of the former cannot be afcertained ; probably a vafe, as expreflbd by a dotted line in 
 
 Under the weft wall of the room was a fire-place fimilar to that above defcribed (fee PI, VI. 
 N 12. n.); and near this fpot was found a coin of Magnentius. 
 P.™.f . By opening the ground' on the eaft fide of the room firft difcovered in the orchard (PI VI 
 P..m. Sg.,. N 10.) the mofaic pavement, and part of the walls of a paflige were laid open, (PI. VI N° 8 1 the 
 dimenfions of which ^ ^. ^ ^ 'J 
 
 vol. iN. pi. m. ^' Archiologo, b.culo hypocauttum perexiguum, qubd angufta fc„tll,5 fuppo- 
 
 <>rt^lI^a.ZfAr±:,"T^ Tr '■>' 11"". ^P'*'^ 'P' 'J- Rom.™ employed o.her me.„ of 
 
 I hi" eSSr ., n"j » °j " "PP"" "■«"" LT„. a f"?"*- °' "»'™'"1V aboot the meaning of 
 
 II nis epnties. " Quxdam nollra demum nrodeire ni..m.,.i, latter word, which is freniipnrlv M^A h„ .f,. d ■ 
 
 )ne of his eniftles- a appears irom , , - e,. tu,,iruvcriy aoout ttie meaning of 
 
 ■ „■?, ■ P'™'""o'°m ufum, perlucentc tells, c arum tranf- ''«". by fome, foppofed to mean afire-place wirh .chi™ 
 
 : rT i' rb r"^:„ t?:r S"""°T " ™P""'" P- "Sr^^l'Xti''" '"f • TI.= rlrongeft oS'eaiort'hts'Ts; 
 
 • ae fomraa fw^rei eolS , ™ c '"' 1°' ""»■' r?. » T'l ?™'P''" <>" remain 
 
 lomraato.ereteqoalirer. £p. ,„. "f Roman houfe hitherto difcomed. This fobjea is fully 
 
 They fecm to ha.e been fo conftrufled, ,hat the heat might be Sre t,'° °"' ^'"^"•">' Anti,. Roman, ''of De Sal. 
 
 liny, in the ventions and Dilioyerics, vol. ii. 
 
 Another 
 
DE WOODCHESTER. 
 
 phore, Planche XXXII. fig. i. dans rappartement Planclie VI. N" 45, et une partie d'un grand plat 
 d'une terre groffiere, Planche XXXII. ligNa. dans Tappartement N" 26. Le fragment, Planche 
 XXXII. fig. 3. parok avoir fait partie d'une palere femblablc a celle qui eft gravce dans I'ArchEO- 
 logia, vol. xii. pi. li. fig. 2. 
 
 On decouvrit plufieurs morceaux de verre dans differentes parties du batiment. On en a repre- Fragmensdc 
 fente trois dans la Planche XXXIII. fig. a, 3, and 4. Le premier paroit avoir etc le fond de pl. xxxiii. 
 quelque vafej il eft de couleur verdatre, et a environ un quart de pouce d'epaifieur. D'un cote 
 il eft uni, et fur la furface de I'autre il y a des lignes en relief, comme on en voit ordinairement 
 au fond des vafes de verre Romains. La figure 3. eft I'anfe d'un petit vafe. La figure 4. rcpre- 
 fente un tube de verre bleu, dc la grandeur de I'original. On en trouva encore un autre de la meme 
 efpece avec celui-la. 
 
 I'extremite orientale de I'appartement N° 27, fur le plan, Planche VI. on decouvrit une grande Rertes d'un arc. 
 partie d'un arc, a environ trois pieds au deflbus de la terre. Plufieurs pierres etoient encore at- 
 tach^es les unes aux autres, par un effet de la force du mortier. Elles Etoient partaitement unies 
 en devant, et etoient prefque toutes de la meme grandeur. On en peut voir les dimenfions, Planche 
 XXVIII. fig. 3. d'ou Ton peut conclure que Pare avoit environ cinq pieds d'ouverture. 
 
 Depuis I'automne de 1795, jufqu'a I'ete de 1796, on travaiUa prefque fans interruption a la Autres dfcou- 
 decouverte du batiment dans les pares. Pendant ce tems~la on decouvrit la grande cour marquee pares =n 179s et 
 B fur la Planche VI., et les murs de fondation dc differens appartemens qui font au tour. , Du 
 cote occidental eft une fuite de douze appartemens, 49, &c. dans lefquels on ne trouva aucuns 
 reftes de paves. Il paroU qu'unc des entrees dans cette partie du batiment etoit par un petit vefti- 
 bule, marque h, Planche VI. ou Ton trouva un fragment d'un groupe de Cupidon et de Pfyche en 
 marbre blanc, et en aflez bonne fculpture; voyez la Planche XXXVIII. fi^. i. (29). II y a des 
 reftes fuffifans de ce groupe, pour montrer ce qu'il a du ^tre originairement. Voyez en la 
 reftauration Planche XXXVII. fig. 2. L'attitude en eft prefque la meme, quoique pas fi bonne, 
 que celle du groupe qu'on voit dans la colledion du Grand Due, et qui eft gravee dans le Mufeum 
 de Florence, vol. i. pl. xliii. On trouva auffi dans cet endroit des fragmens de colonnes irrcgulieres 
 cn pierre. Voyez Planche XXIX. fig. 5 et 6. 
 
 Les murs de cette partie du batiment font de I'efpece de pierre, dont nous avons parle ci-deflus, 
 grofilerement travaillee. Dans plufieurs de ccs murs, ainfi que dans quclques uns de ceux dont 
 nous avons deja donne la defcription, il y a des affifes en tuiles de quatre pouces d'cpaifleur, pofees a 
 un pied fept pouces I'une de I'autre: chaque aftife eft compofee de deux rangs de tuiles minces re- 
 courbees par les bouts, ayant chacune deux pouces d'epais. Voyez la Planclie XXVIII. fig. i 
 et 2 (30). On trouva dans les mines du batiment plufieurs de ces tuiles echancrees par un coin, 
 voyez Planche XXVIII. fig. 4., ainfi que d'autres d'un pouce d'epaifleur, recourbees par les deux 
 bouts, et echancrees par un coin, fig. 5. 
 
 On decouvrit dans plufieurs endrolts du batiment difi'erentes tuiles en forme d'hexagones irre- 
 guliers, dont on a reprefente une dans la Planche XXVIII. fig. 6 (31). La plupart avoient environ 
 trois quarts de pouce d'epaifleur, et etoient faites de cette efpece de pierre graveleufe dont nous avons 
 parle p. 4. 
 
 On trouva auftl des morceaux des cornes de cerfs, dont plufieurs etoient fciees aux extremites, Comei de cerk 
 comme on en a trouve dans la plupart des reftes des autres batimens Romains decouverts dans ce roy- 
 aume ; et dans les appartemens au nord et a I'oueft de la grande cour, il y avoit plufieurs os d'homme. 
 
 (ag) C'eft a Thomas Lawrence ecuyer, A. R. a qui je fuis re- chefter, qui ecoit bati en pierres quarrees, a moins que ce ne fut 
 
 devable du delTein de ce fragment, dans laquelle il donne une idee pour ia decoration. On voit des aflifes de tuiles dans un bati- 
 
 tres iufte de I'original. Jc lui dois auITi celui du fragment de la ment dccouvert a Metz, grave dans le Recueil d'Antiquites dc 
 
 Planche XL. fig. i. Caylus, vol v, pl, cxv. et cxwi.; ainfi que dans difFcrens autres 
 
 , „ J L J L Ti _ ■ ■ .n..,. batimens Romains. Vitruve ne parle point de cecie maniere de 
 
 Cjo) Dans un grand nombre des batimens Romains qui reftent j,^^ ^j- . 
 
 dans ce pays-ci, ec qui font ba.is en pierres i feu, ou en d autres '^^^^ ^^^.^ 1 'am phi theatre de Veronc font bStis dc h 
 
 petits matenaux .1 y a des tuiies ou des p.erres plates pofees Arch^ologia, vol. iv.p. 96. 
 
 par ranas ^ des diuances convenables, pour les rendrc plus lo- o r 
 
 lides • comme on peut le voir a St. Alban's, a Colchefter, a Rich- (31) On trouva des tuiles de la meme forme dans les mines 
 
 borough, et a d'autres ftations Romaines 1 mais il eft difficile d'un ba-iment Romain pics Mansfield Woadhoufc. Archaiologia, 
 
 d'imaginer pour quoi on en avoii mis dans le batiment de Wood- vol. viii, pl. xxii. 
 
 [g] On 
 
Ftagmt 
 
 ANTICLUITE'S ROMAINES 
 
 ■IT' , XXIX fiff I et 2.); on trouva auffi dans le meme 
 
 — ^"'"""^ ^^cl'lonn av c t mtoes moulurcs que cclles de la precMente, quoique 
 „. duffit dune autre P^'^e colonne avec les m l rappartcment, 
 
 '\ '^r^'^^ll^^^^^' ^= .-epoIsd.pair- 
 de grandes pierres plates, ""lll'^^Xs'lCJu. in plancher de lappartement. On trouva 
 
 Pare, qui avoie-°nferv«^^^ ':iO:xX:^^.^^.^ . (h) et prefent. fou. 
 L un de ces "P'ff '^/^^^^^ i, , d.,„e fcmme vJtue en draperie, ayant k fes 
 
 b bl ment uncftatue d= Diana Lucifera (25), qui eft reprifentfe i peu prea de la meme _ 
 for leT^L d'un medallion de Fauftine (.6), et fur une lampe ant.que dans les Ant:che lueerne 
 " feDolchrale" de Bartoli, Planche II. fig. 36. .. . . , , . 
 
 Le taureau fe trouve dans diff^rentes antiques, comme aceompagnant cette divmitc. ou bien ac- 
 cnmmirne lui meme des fymboles de la deeffc (27.) . 
 
 LeTa.m"nt a dix hui't pouces de haut. La fculpture en eft afliz bonne partout, quo.que dans 
 I'ex&ution les plis de la drap&ie itant trop fortement marquis donnent en quelques endrous un 
 coupd'ceil, qui a quelquc chofe de dur. Probablement que cette petite ftatue avott ete copree 
 d'apris une plus grande, faite pour itre vue de loin, et que I'artifte n avoit pas eu affez de jugement 
 pour garder les proportions. ^. j • j j 
 
 XI Lautre fragment eft dune tr^s belle fculpture: c'eft le pied gauche et une partie du pied droit 
 d'unc petite ftatue placfc fur unpiedeftal.dontledevant eft en moulure. _ 
 
 II parolt par ce qui refte de ces pieds, qu'ils appartenoient a la ftatue d un jeune homme, repre- 
 femi dans la mtoe attitude que le Mcleagre du Vatican. AuprJs du pied gauche font les cxtremites 
 du pied de quelque animal, et devant les rcftes du pied droit il y a une petite protuberance fur le 
 haut de laquelle eft un trou, dans lequel pofoit probablement une lance de bronze. 
 
 On trouva auffi dans cette partie du bkiment pluficurs fragmens de potene vermfll-e, fur les- 
 quels il y avoit diff&entes figures; on en a rcprifenti quelques uns dans la Planche XXXII Sur 
 ™- un, fig. 5., qui eft orni dun ovolo irregulier (28), il y a une tfte de Pan. Sur un autre, fig. 4.. 
 font un lion marin et un dauphin. Sur la figure 6. il y un Pan avec fon biton recourbc et fa flute 
 de rofeaux. Sur la figure 7. eft un dauphin. On trouva aufll un fragment de potene noiratre avec 
 des lettres blanches en relief. Planche XXXV. fig. i. On dkouvrit deux fragments d'une am- 
 
 (Hl Je r»is rd^vable de c«K ,eteb» 3 M. John Fl»cm.n, l'o»v,age que no«! venons dc cite,, psr le VaiUant, p. .34. edit. 
 
 Feftaorjlion du stoupe de Cupidoo et Pfyche, Planche XXXVII. (,8) Celte ovolo irregnher etoit prefque toujonrs la moulure, 
 C-.S, Diana I„dfe„e»,.™ de™ reus lequelalag-ande J^tn' t ™™il,?"<re« u^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 Crh, Ifa, fioit adoree. Apulen Metam. l,b. x,. L° p,,le E, (Hift- Na'- li" " "i'">- 
 
 (16) Monlfaucon, Ant. expl. vol. i. pi. xcii. Voyez la vig- <i ^um in efculencis laudantur." 
 nene de la fin de cec ouvrage, fig. 4. On a trouve des fragmens fans nombre de cette potene rouge 
 
 (=, ) On voit r„r les medailles eoloniales de M. Aurile et de Ca- dans les relies des bitinien, Romains en dito^^ parnes de rtu- 
 
 raealla Ifis ou Diane entre dent taureaux , et fur une autre medaille rope. Voyez le Recue.l d Ant,qu,tes de Caylus. vol. '•■P-3S3- 
 
 du premier de eesempereurs, elle ell reprefentee avec un taureau i Ant.qn.tes ■. j"'^"* ' P'^^'q™; „t?p1S 
 
 fes Sieds. Voyez les Imp. Rm. i p,p. Gr.,t h,.,.l.fr- log.a. vol. vn.. pi. v., vn vn,. ,x, « »™- ' f "^^^^ 
 
 luITi S Pmm Nm. du VaiUant. II y a dans la coUedion de fieurs vafes de la meme efpcce de potene, trouves dans les reltes 
 
 ^^^cifrW To Je, ienyer. une lampe intique de bronae fur la- d'une ville R.maine, enlre "^^^l'' ^'^ ^'-^'^'J;;.'".^ 
 
 ouelle eft une Bmre de cette divinite fur un chariot traine par un ouvrage intnnlc " Arts et Metiers des Anaens ^ par M. 
 
 des t.u"auT Elle a cte grave par Piranef.. On voit one fem- L'Abbc de Tercin. ouvrage qn, n eft pumt encore pubi.e et dont 
 
 Sle figuJe r«, une medaille Grecquede C.racalla. Voyez j'ai vu les planche. dans la btbl.otheque de Charles Townley 
 
 ccuyer. 
 
 phore, 
 
DE WOODCHESTER. 
 
 La, a la profondeur de cinq pieds au deflbus de la furface de la terre, on apparent une aire d'un 
 ciment tres dur, Planche XXVI. A., de huit pieds dix pouces de large, et de ncuf pieds dix pouces 
 de long. En rompant cette aire, qui avoit huit pouces d'epaiffeur, on decouvrit deflbus trente 
 trois briques, placees de la maniere reprcfentee dans la Planche XXVII. fig. 2. Elles avoient environ 
 un pied de large, deux pieds de long, et deux pouces d'epais, et avoient toutes en deflbus des traits 
 en differentes diredlions, qui paroiflbnt avoir ete tails avec un inft:rument a dents, avant qu'cUes 
 fuflent fechees, comme ceux qui etoient aux pierres des canaux mentionnes ci-devant. Planche 
 XXVI. fig. 3, 4, 5. 6. 
 
 Lorfqu'on eut enlevc quelques unes de ces briques, on s'apper^ut qu' elles etoient couvertes en def- 
 fous de fuie de bois, et qu'elles fervoient a couvrir des canaux, qui etoient fous I'aire. Un de ces ca- 
 naux etoit fijr la longueur de I'appartcment, et quatre fiir la largeur. Planche XXVI. fig. i. Us 
 avoient deux pieds deux pouces de profondeur. Le premier avoit un pied ncuf pouces de large dans 
 le fond, et fept pouces dans le haut. Les feconds avoient fix pouces de large dans le haut, et un pied 
 fix pouces dans le fond. Les cotes en font batis, partie en pierres brutes, et partie en briques, le tout 
 formant une efpece de voutc groflierement travaillee. Les briques employees dans cet ouvrage font de 
 differentes grandeurs; mais la plus grande partie ont un pied fix pouces de long, fur un pied de large (3 3), 
 et deux pouces d'epais. Sur une, reprefentee Planche XXVI. fig. 7. il y a difl:'ercntes figures. L'efpace 
 qui fe trouve entre les canaux de traverfe, eft rempli d'uae efpece de tuiles recourbees, qui forment des 
 tuyaux, et qui font placees entre des rangs de briques et de pierres. Les joints, qui font beaucoup 
 plus grands qu'on ne les fait ordinairemcnt dans les murs, font remplis d'une argile rougeatre, fembla- 
 ble a celle que nous avons dit qui fervoit a former une partie des fubjirata du grand pave en mo- 
 faique ; les tuyaux avoient Tun portant I'autre dix-huit pouces de long ct quatre et demi de dia- 
 metre. Quelques uns etoient faits d'une feule brique courbee. Le long des murs au nord et au midi 
 regnoit une rangee de tuyaux perpendiculaires, faits de briques, dont les bords etoient recourbes, de 
 la maniere marquee dans la Planche XXVI. fig. 8. et 10,, et dans la feftion, fig. g. Le haut de 
 ces tuyaux etoit de niveau avec la furface de I'aire en ciment, dans laquelle ils avoient une ouverture 
 de trois pouces de large. Dans plufieurs de ces tuyaux, il y avoit des reftes d'autres tuyaux, qui avoient 
 ete places au deffus, et qui s'emboetoicnt dans les premiers ; et fans doute que ces derniers s'elevoient 
 originairement jufqu'au fommet du batiment, et fervoient a porter la fumee au dehors, et 4 augmenter 
 la chaleur de I'appartement, comme c'etoit I'ordinaire dans les hypocauftes des Romains. Voyez 
 Planche XXVII. fig. 2. ct les differentes fedions, fig. 3, 4, 5, 6, et 7. 
 
 La Planche XXV. rcprcfcnte une vue des reftes du laconicum^ prife de Tangle au fud-eft. On 
 voit fur la meme Planche un fragment de I'aire en ciment A, une partie de la couche fuperieure 
 de briques B, une partie de la feconde C. D marque quelques uns des canaux places horifontale- 
 ment, et F ceux qui etoient perpendiculaires contre les murs. On voit E E deux autres canaux places 
 horlfontalemcnt, fous chacun defqucls il y en a un autre, comme on pent le voir dans la fcilion, 
 Planche XXVII. fig. 7. lis vont diagonalcment du canal longitudinal a un des canaux de traverfe. 
 
 I'oueft du canal longitudinal C et D, fur la Planche XXVL font des reftes qui femblent 
 ^tre ceux du pr^furnium^ et du foyer du laconkum. Les murs en ont encore environ trois pieds de 
 haut: ceux du foyer, C, font batis en pierre brute; ctux Am pfafurnium., D, font platres. 
 
 ^A I'oueft de I'appartement que nous venons de dccrire, il y en a un autre petit, Planche VI. 
 N" 40., et Planche XXVI. fig. i. E, de onze pieds fix pouces de long, fur huit pieds un pouce de 
 large, a I'extremite occidentale duquel font deux dcgres en pierre. Voyez la feflion, Planche 
 XXVI. fig. 2. Le mur du cote de I'oueft refte a la hauteur de cinq pieds. Il fe trouve a deux 
 pieds neuf pouces au deffous de la furface du tcrrcin. 
 
 Attenant le laconkum du cote de Teft font des reftes d'un appartement, Planche VI. 38. Planche 
 XXV. I., et Planche XXVI. fig. i. B, dans lequel eft une aire en ciment, fous laquelle il n'y a 
 
 (33) Cecte efpece de brique, qui, Tuivant Pline, s'appelloit i/i- " longum fcfqiiipedc latum pede: alterum tetradoron ccrtium 
 i/oruM, ic trouve tres fouvenc tfans les batimens Romains, Les " peniadoron, Eadem eftlatitudo." Plinii, Nat. Hilt. lib. XXXV. 
 briques Romaines avoient oriiinairement un pied Je lirge, quelque c. xiv. 
 put etre leur longueur. " Genera eorum tria, didoron quo utimur, 
 
 [hJ point 
 
A N T I Q_U ITE'S ROMAINES 
 
 ■ On trouva dans lesmurs de I'appartemcnt, Planche VI. N° 25., deux pieces de monnoie de grand 
 bronze ; Tune etoit d'Adrianus et I'autre de LuciUa. Dans cec endroit, et dans plufieurs aiitres parties 
 du batiment il y avoit une quantite coniiderable de pieces de monnoie de petit bronze du bas 
 empire, principalement de Tetricus jun., de Vitftorinus, de Probns, de Conftantinus Aug., de Con- 
 ftantinus Nob^^Caif., de Conflantius, de Conftantius jun. Nob. Cief., de Crifpus Nob. Ca^f., de Mag- 
 nentius, de Valentinianus, ct de Valens; mais elles n'ofFrent rien de remarquable dans la maniere 
 donr elles fe font confervees, ni rien de particulier fur leurs levers. 
 
 idi Au midi de la grande cour, Planche VI. B., eft un mur, qui la ferine de ce cote dans toute fa 
 longueur. Immediatement centre ce mur en dedans de la cour, a la diltance de vingt-fept pieds fix 
 pouces de la rangee d'appartemens du c6te de I'oueft, font des reftes d'un batiment fmgulier, 
 marque q. Voyez en le plan et les fedlions, Planche XXII. fig. 6, 7, et 8., avec fes difFerentes di- 
 menfions. 11 confifte en deux murs paralleles, a la diftance de trois pieds I'un de I'autre, qui fe 
 reiiniflcnt par deux murs de traverfe entre lefquels eft une ouverture. On en voit les fedions 
 Planche XXil. fig. 7 et 8. Sur le fol de cette ouverture ^toit une quantite confiderable de cendre 
 de charbon, et dans le fond du cote de I'oueft, a la hauteur de quinze pouces du rez de chauffee, 
 il y avoit dans le mur un petit tuyau, dont les dimenfions etoicnt de dix pouces fur huit. II eft 
 trcs probable qu'il y avoit un fourncau dans cet endroit. 'A peu pres au milieu du mur 
 meridional de la grande cour B; font les fondemens de trois appartemens, ou plus probablement 
 dune grande porte avec une petite de chaque cote. Voyez Planche VI. N" 47, 48, 49. Dans 
 cet endroit, comme dans plufieurs autres parties du batiment, les murs font dctruits jufqu'aux 
 fondemens de maniere qu'on ne pent determiner la largeur que d'une des petites portes qui etoit 
 de quatre pieds. Aupres de ces fondemens il y avoit plufieurs fragmens de colonnes plus grandes 
 qu aucune de celles qu'on eut encore decouvertes dans les autres parties du batiment. Voyez Planche 
 XXIX. fig. 8 et g. II y en a une, fig. g., qui eft creufe: on en voit rinttrieur, fig. 10. 
 
 ^ "A I'eft de la grande cour B, on dccouvrit des reftes confiderables d'appartcAens. Le ptemier, 
 qui fe prefcnte de ce cdt^, eft une gallerie, (Planche VI. N° 43.) de foi.xantc ct cinq pieds huit 
 pouces de long, et de dix pieds quatre pouces de large. II n'y reftoit aucun pave. Du cote de 
 I'oueft il y a une entree de huit pouces de large, et dans le mur du cote de I'eft, vis-a-vis de cette 
 entree, il y une autre ouverture a peu prjs de la meme grandeur, qui conduit dans un endroit, 
 qui vrai fcmblablement etoit une cour, au tour de laquelle font plufieurs petits appartemens, 4t! 
 42. 4J, 46, 47. II y a deux murs, qui n'ont pas plus de quinze pouces d'cpaifl'eur, dans toute 
 la longueur de I'appartement, ou du pafl'age, N" 42., et dans le meme endroit au mur occidental, 
 dont I'epaifl'eur eft de trois pieds, il y a des projeflures quarrecs. Les murs, qui font dans I'interieur 
 de cet appartement, nc s'elevent pas au defliis des fondemens des autres murs, et probablement 
 ne fervoient qu'a fupporter le pave. 'A I'extremit^ feptentrionale de cet appartement, on dccouvrit 
 la jarabe d'une ftatue en marbre blanc, voyez Planche XXXVI. fig. 3. ; elle a fix pouces et un quart 
 de long, et eft d'afl-ez bonne fculpture. 'A I'endroit marque g, il y a fix grandes pierres, qui pro- 
 bablement formoient une efpice de piMeftal de cinq pieds de haut. Ce font des pierres de taille 
 comme difcnt nos ouvriers. Planche XXVIII. fig. 7. ' 
 
 'A I'eft de cette rangie d'appartemens, le mur exterieur s'eft confervc dans tout fon entier, 
 jufqu'a la hauteur de pres de quatre pieds, et dans quclques endroits il en a plus de cinq. II I 
 trois pieds d'cpaifl'eur, et eft conftruit en pierres groflicrement travailKes. II a fix projedures en 
 dehors a des diftanccs irrcgulicres. Elles font batics en pierres de taille, dont les aftlfes font uni 
 formes. La Planche,XXVIII. fig, 8 et 9. donne le plan et Tfl^vation d'une partie du mur et des 
 projefiures, qui vraifemblablemcnt Etoicnt des arcs-boutans, tels qu'on en trouve trh fouvent i I'exte- 
 neur des batmiens Remains. On les avoit probablement faits, pour foutenir le mur, qui eft proche 
 le penchant de la colline. 
 
 ^ Au nord de la rangie d'appartemens, dont nous venous de faire mention, font des reftes tres confi- 
 dirables d'un endroit, qui fans contredit etoit un laconicum ou une etuve (3 2). Voyez Planche VI. 39. 
 
 Le locaiticitm, ou comme 00 rappelloit quelquefois affa eo auementoii on HimlnMmf 1. ..i, 1 
 on tdida fuJaih, emit uniquement dellinS a excJer la mnfnd Z Z , r r °° "'T""""" ckalcor, au moyen d'uo Couvercle 
 lion. II paroi, p., Viiro.'e que 1 t 'Z .I Zk lll^^Z^, t^T ' f"!^""!" « "™ .'>»»"".t« ■" h.ut do .oi,, et qu'on 
 
 Li 
 
DE WOODCHESTER. 
 
 i5 
 
 XXVI. fig. 2. b. Ce font les refles de deux figures dans un compartiment odlogone, renferme dans 
 un compartiment quarre, forme par un fimple guillochis corde. On trouva plufieurs autres frag- 
 mens de ce pave, epars dans les decombres de Tappartement. 
 
 De chaque cote de cette gallerie il y avoit des canaux, qui alloient jufqu'aux fondemens des 
 murs, et d'autres qui coupoient ceux-ci a angles droits. Sous le mur occidental, Planchc VI. m, il 
 y a deux fragmens de murs ^un pied neuf pouces I'unde I'autre, qui paroifient avoir fait partie dun 
 foyer, femblable a ceux que nous avons deja decrits. 
 
 'A I'oueft dc la feconde cour, A, Planche VI. on dccouvritles reftes d'une fuite d'appartemens, AppanEm=ns^a 
 qui repondent a peu pres a ceux que nous avons decrits du cote de I'eft. Contre le grand ap- condccour. 
 partcment, N*' 25, decouverc dans les Pares, font les reftes de trois autres, N" 2r, 22, et 23. 
 Dans I'aire de I'appartement, N" 22, il y avoit huit pilliers de pierre quarrcs, de deux pieds neuf 
 pouces, neuf lignes de haut, de differentes grandeurs, Voyez la Planche XXIV. fig. i . et la fec- 
 tion, fig. 2. Chiiquc pillier etoit fait d'une feule pierre, de I'efpece qu'on trouve dans le commune 
 de Hampton, environ a un mille de ce batiment. lis etoient a peu pres a un pied quatre pouces 
 I'un de I'autre. II etoit impoffible de diftinguer s'ils avoient fervi dans Tinterieur d'un hypo- 
 caufte, ou s'ils foutenoient fimplement un plancher. Dans le mur occidental de i'appartement, 
 N" 22, il y a deux petites ouvertures. Voyez Planche XXIV. fig. i. 
 
 Sur la Planche VI. N" 2. a. eft une gallerie, qui repond exadement a celle du cote de I'eft de la 
 cour A, exceptc qu'clle eft de neuf pouces plus large, et qu'il n'y a point de pave. Il n'en refte 
 pas non plus dans les appartemens, N" 1 1. 14. 16, 17. et 20. Dans I'appartement, N° 19, dont les 
 dimenfions font tres petites, puifqu'il n'a que neuf pieds dix pouces de long fur fix pieds de large, 
 il y a un fragment de pave en mofa'ique grolTiere, fait en marquetcrie de brun fence, de gris bleuatre 
 charge, et de blanc, avec des rates de brun clair et de rouge au tour. Voyez Planche XXII. fig. i. 
 
 Dans les reftes de I'appartement, N" 18, qui eft fous le chemin, et qui tient a ceux dont nous 
 avons fait mention, fe trouve la plus grande partie d'un pave en mofaique, dont le deflein con- 
 fifte en deux compartimens quarres, joints enfemble par un fimple guillochis corde, et borde d'une 
 cifclure en labyrinthe. 'A I'extcrieur eft un fond rouge, qui s'etend jufqu'aux murs, et qui eft 
 fait de grands tejferte. Ceux des autres parties de ce pave n'ont pas plus d'un demi pouce quarre, 
 excepte dans le labyrinthe on ils font d'un pouce. Le compartiment au nord de ce pave a pour 
 centre la figure d'un gobelet, environne d'une efpece de chaine, formee par un ornement remarquable, 
 Planche XXI. fig. 10. L'autre compartiment a le centre en natte, et on I'a rcpare du cote du 
 midi. On appercevra facilement I'cndroit ou la reparation a ete faite, Planche XVIII.; les raies en 
 font larges, et on n'a pris aucune precaution pour conferver le deflein du guillochis. Ce pave a 
 dix fept pieds deux pouces de long, et neuf pieds dix pouces de large. Sous le mur occidental de 
 cet appartement font les reftes d'un foyer, Planche VI. k. 
 
 On decouvrit dans le verger de M. Wathen un autre petit pave en mofaique, tout entier, de Petit pave en 
 fept pieds dix pouces fur neuf pieds dix pouces, Planche VI. N** 13. Le deflein confifte en un ^rgcr^"'^ '* 
 compartiment quarre, rempH de cercles de gris fonce fur un fond blanc, dont les centres font en 
 rouge, et borde de raies rouges et blanches. Les tejferis de ce compartiment font d'un pouce 
 quarre; ceux de la partie extcrieure font beaucoup plus grands. 
 
 On fit enfuite des fouilles partout, ou Ton pouvoit raifonnablement efperer de trnuver la con- 
 tinuation du batiment; mais ce fut fans fucces. 
 
 Outre les differens fragmens mentionnes ci-devant, qu'on trouva dans les reftes du batiment, dont uftenfiis, &c.de. 
 nous venous de donner la defcription, on decouvrit encore difierens autres fragmens, et plufieurs jtffjrcTtct'pardes 
 uftenfiis, dont les plus remarquables lout ceux dont nous allons parler. Le fragment d'un petit 
 piedeftal proprement moule, Planche XXXVI. fig. i, 2, eft d'une belle efpece de ftalailite opaque, 
 ou comme on I'appelte ordinaircment d'albatre oriental. On le trouva dans I'appartement, N° 25, 
 Planche VI. On decouvrit aufli dans le m^me endroit les deux fragmens, Planche XXXVI. fig. 4 
 et 8. Le premier eftde marbre blanc; le fecond eft de pierre du pays, dans laquclle il y a une 
 portion confiderable de fpat, qui a conferve un tres beau poll. II femble que celui-ci etoit la bafe 
 
 [I] dc 
 
A N T I Q^U ITE'S ROMAINES 
 
 point de canaux. Tangle au nord-efl: eft une efpece de bafTin creufe dans I'aire, d'ou part 
 un tuyau de plomb, Planche XXVII. fig. 8., qui pafie a travers le mur, a I'cndroit marque e, 
 fur la Planche XXVI. fig. i., et i Tendroit marque H fur la Planche XXV, Le tuyau eft 
 fait au marteau, et non pas foude. 'A Tangle oppofe de cet appartement eft un paflage, F, 
 dont Taire eft en ciment. Du cote de Toueft il s'eleve a plus de trois pieds au deftiis du ni- 
 veau de Tautre partie, et Taire en eft detruite. Voyez la feftion, XXVI. fig. 2. II eft pro- 
 bable qu'il y avoit un efcalier dans quclque endroit de ce paflage. Le mur meridional en a 
 trois pieds d'epais. 
 
 ^A Tangle au fud-eft de la grande cour eft un paflage, qui paroit avoir ete un de ceux par 
 ou on y cntroit. 
 
 Au c6te meridional du mur de la grande cour B, et tout attenant les appartemens du cote 
 de Toueft, font des reftes d'une autre rangee d'appartemens, qui s'avancent vers le m.idi. Voyez 
 Planche VI. 60, 61, 62, 63, 64. 
 
 On fit diffcrcntes fouillcs dans la grande cour B, pour voir fi on ne pourroit point encore 
 y trouver dcs reftes de colonnes, mais ce fut fans fucces. II paroiflbit que Taire de la cour 
 avoit ete faite d'une efpece de platre groflier. 
 
 Ayant decouvert entierement les reftes des appartemens, qui etoient dans les Pares, il ne nous 
 reftoit plus qu'a voir s'ils tenoient a ceux qu'on avoit decouverts dans le cimetiere et le verger; 
 et en ouvrant plufieurs tranchees profondes, au nord des appartemens, Planche VI. N" 25. 27. 
 et 30., on decouvrit les murs d'un nombre confiderable d'appartemens, N°3i, 32, 33, 34., 35, 
 36, et 37, dans plufieurs defquels il y avoit des paves en mofaiquc, et qui reuniflToicnt les deux bati- 
 mens enfemble, de maniere qu'ils formoient une feconde cour. A, de quatre vingt douze pieds fur qua- 
 tre vingt dix, excepte Tendroit ou les murs des appartemens N*^ 23, 24. et 31, s'avancent en dedans 
 et la reduifent a quatre vingt-huit pieds de largeur. Une grande partie de ces murs fe trouve fous le 
 chemin qui pafle entre le cimetiere et les Pares. II y en a plufieurs qui ne font pas a moins de 
 fix pieds au deflbus de la furface du terrein, et la plupart font des murs de fondation. 
 Reflesd'hypo- 'A Tcft dc k cour A font des reftes d'un hypocaufte, Planche VI. N° 31, qu'on a reprefente 
 pL.X3dv. fig, 3. p'^'^ P^^s etendu dans la Planche XXIV. fig. 3. On voit encore a Tcndrqit marque A, 
 
 les bafes de dix pilliers de brique, qui en fupportoienf le deflus. Elles ont onze pouces et demi 
 quarres, et font a neuf pouces Tune de Tautre, Les murs marques C et D font de brique. On trouva 
 pres des murs plufieurs tuyaux, dans lefquels il y avoit des ouvertures auarrces oblongues au cote le 
 plus etroit {34). On pent voir les dimenfions de ces tuyaux, Planche XXIV. fig. 4 et 5. Dans plufieurs 
 il n'y avoit point d'ouvertures, fig. 6. Au dela de ces reftes du cote du nord font ceux d'un autre 
 hypocaufte, qui confiftent en cinq bafes de cinq petits pilliers de brique de huit pouces quarres, 
 places a des diftances inegales, contre le mur fcptentrional de Thypocaufte, dont nous venons de 
 parler, Planche XXIV. 8. 
 
 Galleries et reiiea H n'y avoit rien de remarquable dans les murs des appartemens N° 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, et 37, 
 r^que." excepte que dans quelques uns on trouva des fragmens de ciment, qui fembloient avoir fait partie 
 d'une aire couverte d'une couche legere de platre tres fin. Sur quelques uns de ces fragmens il y 
 avoit des reftes de peinture, confiftans en des fegmens de raies circulaires de rouge et de jaune. 
 Les fragmens font trop epais, pour avoir fervi h platrer un mur, et la conipofition en eft exafte- 
 ment la meme que celle du ciment fur lequel font pofes les paves en mofa'ique. 
 
 Dans la gallerie N° 2, qui eft de foixante et deux pieds cinq pouces de long, et dc huit pieds cinq 
 pouces de large, et qui aboutit a Textremite orientale de la grande gallerie decouverte dans le cime- 
 tiere, et decrite p. 6, on decouvrit un petit fragment de pave en mofaique, reprefente dans la Planche 
 
 (3-1.) II paroit probable par ces tuyaux, que ceC hypocaufte ecoit 
 du meme genre que celui qu'on decouvrit a Wroxecer, et done on 
 voit la defcripcion dans ]e \xv'"" volume des Tranfaflions Philo- 
 fophiques, N= j6. Les canaux en etoient a peu pres femblablcs k 
 ceux dont nous parbns. M. Lifter, dans la defcription qu'il nous 
 en donne, dit que " C'etoit une fuite ou une rangee de tuyaux de 
 " brique attaches en dedans du mur avec dcs crampons de fer, 
 
 " que leurs extremites inferieures etoient de niveau avec le dcf- 
 " fous du pave du rez dechauflee, et leurs extremitcs Aipcricurcs 
 " avec la furface du plancher le plus eleve de I'appartement, ec 
 " que dans chaque tuyau il y avoit deux trous en forme de mor- 
 " taifc a I'oppoiitc Tun de I'autre, et places de maniere a porter la 
 " chaieur partout." 
 
 XXVI. 
 
DE WOODCHESTER. 
 
 portiques « cours ouvcrtes (43), au centre du bitiment, avec des fuitcs d'appattemcns formant dcs 
 ailes de chaque cote. 
 
 Les reftcs du batiraent de Woodcheftcr reffemblcnt beaucoup a ce plan. On ne peut pas s'at- 
 tendre qu'ils y foient conformes en tout; parce que fouvcnt les RomaJns varioient la forme de leurs 
 maifons, pour les adapter au climat du pays dans lequel clles eCoient baties (44.). 
 
 Les deux grandes cours marqu&s A et B, fur la Planche VI., ct le grand appartement, N° i, 
 font .au milieu du bitiment, et il y a un grand nombre d'appartemens de differentes grandciirs, qui 
 s'etendent des deux cotes. 
 
 La grande cour B, du coct du midi, dont la principalc entree etoit probablement oii nous I'avons 
 dit, femble ripondre au ferijiylium (45) de Vitruve, et etoit probablement environnfc dune colon- 
 nade, quoiquon nait trouvi que dcs fragmens ipars de colonnes, ct qu'on nen ait pu d&ouvrir 
 aucune bafe, pour s'aiTurer de leur lituation. 
 
 ~A I'eft et a I'oueft de cette cour font des rangres confiderables d'appartemens. 'A I'aile 
 orientale il y a des relies d'un laconicum, bien fuffifans pour montrer quel itoit Ton ufagc. U 
 eft probable que lappartement contigu a ce laconicum du cote de left, Planche XXXVL, etoit un 
 apodytlrium (46), et que I'appartemcnt E, dans lequel il reftc deux degr& en pierre, etoit un bain 
 froid ; parce que c'etoit une pratique tres commune parmi les Romains de faire ufage des bains 
 froids, immediatement aprcs les bains chauds (47) : je n'ai pu determiner quel c-toit I'ufage dcs autres 
 appartemens de ce c6te-la. 
 
 Comme il nc p,aroit point qu'il y ait eu de paves en mora/que, ni autrcs decorations dans les ap- 
 partemens du coti de I'oueft de la grande cour, il eft probable que la plfipart fervoient a loger les 
 domeftiques. 
 
 Par les fragmens de ftatues, de marbres, ct de colonnes, qu'on trouva dans les trois grands ap- 
 partemens au nord de la grande cour, Planche VL N" zj, 26, ct 27, il paroit qu'ils foient raagni- 
 fiquement dccorfe, et par leur grandeur on peut juger que c'etoient ou des ot/' ou dcs cxedra (48). 
 La feconde cour, B, eft environnee de galleries au nord, A I'eft, et a I'oueft. La gallerie au nord eft 
 ornce d'un beau pave en mofaique, ct il refte un fragment de pave du meme genre dans celle qui eft 
 du cote de I'eft (49). Ces galleries ^toient evidemment ce que les Romains appelloient cryptofar- 
 ticus-j et la place, qui fe trouvoit au milieu, pouvoit etre X atrium (50). 
 
 L'appartement dont on voit encore le grand pave en mofaique, etoit fans doute le can Am tetra- 
 7?7/»« (51) de Vitruve, et il devoitetrc bien magnifique; car, par I'elcgince du pave, il y a tout 
 
 lieu 
 
 firijlylta, ic iMiita, dt toWia ou dc cava tdtum, de piriku,, buvant i un Roblci. fun crait oue ceite oieci- M la mi™. ■ 
 c, i. ,^f,,p.n.,.. Les app.r,.me„,e,oi„, di.lfa exi«= encore! Roii™ l"°ou 6 I p'^afsoft ae"= anSlc 
 
 ,^,M„!, m, '^htuh,. ial„ar,a, tadra, et faaMhca. Le. en mofaliine. Plin. Nat. Hi». lib. xxxv c xjl 
 Mes . manger d hivcr et les bams eiuient toutnis a loecident Les«,*., etoientde grands appartemens de dilierentes formes 
 d hiver Les chambres 1 coucher, les dans lertjnel, on fuppofe ,„'il y iioit des freges, et Zt on r™o t' 
 
 btbbotheque.. et es falles a manger du prmtems et de I'au. ufage p3ur la con.erfation et Its conferences, V°t 1 b v 
 lomne etoient a i'orient. Les falles a manger dcte etoient du c. xi. eicnces. vrtruv. iiD. v. 
 
 cote du nord. Vitruv. lib. vi. c. vii. r \n i -r j 
 
 C49) AJa"s la mailon de campagnc decouvertc a pcu At dif- 
 
 (44) Vitruv. lib. vi. c. i. tancc de Pompeii, il y a une cour reffemblant beaucoup a celle- 
 
 (45) LcfenJ!,;™ etoit une grande cour environnee d'une co- .°" "P™ ^ "ymmk,, de trois cSres, et un f,m,u! 
 lonnade. quatncme; et :l ell probable qu'a Woodchclter il y avoir au midi 
 
 , . r . J ^ ""^ colonnade parrant d'un bout du cryptopariicus du 
 
 (46) L ,p,Jyl,rmm etoit une efpece dc cabinet de toillete pour mi de I'ell, et allant a l-aufre bout du c6te de runeft 
 
 les bams attenant le la„„,um ou UJa Ciccron, en parlan, dcs Le ,r,pKp„li,u, etoit une gallerie interieure, fou'venr parcou- 
 changemens qu ,1 avoir fait, au plan de la maifon dc campagne rant plufieurs cotes du bStiment, dans laquelle les Romains fe pro- 
 de fon (rere, dit dans une de fe. lettre, AIT. in altero apody- mcnoienr, comme ils le faifoient en plein ai, dans les vetoL" 
 ■• tern angulo promo.i. Epift. ad Qn.ntum Frat. lib. „i. ep. i'. Vitruve n'en fait point mention parlicnlierement, m.is Plin, 
 
 »7 
 
 (47) I'litie tious dit que cette pratique fut introduite par deux conful en fait un tableau brillant dans la defcription qu'il donne 
 
 frcrcs (iredecins), Eupbarbui et Jlfa/d, qui fleuriflbient du tems de fa maifnn de campagne de ra/ca/dnttm 1 cependanr le premier 
 
 d'jfu^u/Sui, Nat Hill. lib. xxv. c. vii. ecrivain auroit bien pu le comprendrc fous le tefme general d'.3Hi- 
 
 f o\ I ... r . 1 . bklaliones. 
 
 (4a) Les itu ctoient une efpece dc grands Iritlinia, ou de fal- 
 
 lons, quelquefois quarr«, et fouvcnt avec des colonnes. dont on (S°) " ^ * ciout par diffcrens paflagcs des ecrivain. 
 
 faifoit ufage dans les fellins. Voyez Vitruv. lib. vi. c. v. et x. Romains que les airia ctoient quclquefois des couf. ouvcrtes, 
 
 Pline fait mentinn d'un acus qui fetuit a Pergamc. ct qu'on appel- environnee. Aepm'uui ou de crypioporlkuu 
 
 loity«ra», de fou pave en tnofaique. fur lequel etoient rcpre- (5,) Jl paroit que le. im^dia ou le. „va tdhm etoient 
 
 lente. de. relies d un fouper, femblablc. aux balayures qu'on jctoit qoelquefois de grands appartemens, et quclquefois des cours 
 
 ordiniirement dcliois, et dans le mcmc pave il y avoit en mofaique ouvertes dans I'interieut dc la maifon, qui communiqooieni avec 
 
 [ K ] plufieurs 
 
i6 
 
 Pl. XKKIV. 
 Fibuh, Sec. 
 
 Conjefture fur 
 b aliment Romai 
 
 A N T I Q_U ITE'S ROMAINES 
 de quelque piece de fculpture, parcequ'il y a deffus des cavitcs, oii il eft probable qu'il y avoit 
 quelque figure. Dans l appartemcnt, Planche VI. N* 41, on trouva un poids de pierre, Planche 
 XXXIII. fig. 5. II p^fe treizc livres et demie. Quelqucs annees avant la decouverte du batiment, 
 on decouvrir dans les Pares I'auge circulaire de pierre, Planche XXXIII. fig. 6., au dela du mur 
 occidental du batiment qui eft dans cet endroit. Elle a trois pieds de diamctre. 
 
 Les couteaux reprefentes dans la Planche XXIII. fig. 8, et la Planche XXXV. fig. 1 et 2 (35). la 
 dague, fig. 8, et la fig. 4, qui femble ctre une pointe de dard (36), font de fer trcs rouill6. On 
 les trouva dans les decombres 'du batiment dans les Pares. La fig. 7. eft auffi de fer, et fut trouvee 
 dans le meme endroit. II parolt que c etoit une bouterolle de fourreau d'epec. Le pommeau du 
 bout eft encore un pen dore. La petite hache votive, qu'on voit fur la'meme Planche, fig. 3. eft 
 de cuivre. Les ^perons, fig. 5 et 6, font de fer (3 7). On en trouva un dans lappartement, Planche 
 VI. N° 2S, et lautre dans le N° 34. Tons ces objets font reprefentes dans leur propre grandeur. 
 
 Le clef, Planche XXXIV. fig. i. eft de fer. La fig. 2. parolt itre dargile durcie. Les fig. 3 et 4 
 font^ fous diffirens points de vuS deux reprefentations du meme fujet (38), qui eft d'un charbon 
 mm^ral, appell^ cam/ coal, proprement tourn^. Les fiiulai, fig. j, 6, 7, 8, et 9, font de cuivre 
 arnfi que les ipingles, fig. ,0, ,1, ,2, 13, et 14. Celles quon voit fig. ,5, 16, et 17 font 
 dos. On trouva tons ces objets dans les Pares, la pliipart a la profondeur de trois ou q'uatre 
 p.eds au deffous de la furface du terrein. Ces figures font tontes de la meme grandeur que les 
 onginaux. ^ 
 = II femble que les difl^^rens appartemcns que nous venons de dccrire, font les rcftes d'une maifon 
 Romame, ou plutot peut etredune villa (30). Quelque puiffe etre leur &enduc, il ne paroit point 
 qu lis aycnt fait partie d'une ville ou d'un groupe de maifons. 
 
 Les maifons de campagne des Romains n'avoient fouvent que le rez de chaufl-^e, et, fi elles appar 
 tenoient a des perfonnes de diftinaion (40), elles avoicnt beaucoup d'&endue (4,), et 6toient en- 
 nchies des plus magnifiques, et des plus fplendides d&orations de toute efpke (42) • quoiqu'i I'ex 
 terieur elles n'eufl-ent rien que de tr& fimple. Elles confiftoicnt en diff&entes grandes falles en 
 
 (35) Le couteau fig. i. relTemble beailcoup, quint a la forme 
 et a la grandeur a un couteau du meme metal, qu'un trouva proche 
 tin autel dedie a Mars, aopres du Palais Borghffe 4 Rome, el nni 
 eftrcprefente dans les Ant;c]uites de Caylus, vol. iii. pi. |v. fig, ;. 
 L'aoteur foppofe que c'etoic un couteau, dent an fe fervoit dans 
 ICS facrifices, et effeaivement il reflemble a peu ptes a ccux que 
 nous voyons fur les monnoies Romaines, et fur d'aurres antiques 
 Caylus remarqne dans un autre endroit que la raifon pour laquelie 
 on troovc des .nnrumens Rjmainien fer plus fouvent en France 
 qu en Italic, c eft que c= metal , etoit plus common. On peut 
 d.re auffi que c'eft pour cette caifon qu'Dn en irouve fouvent en 
 Angleterre. 
 
 {36) On peut voir la figure d'une arme de la meme efpece, et 
 mieux confervee dans les AntiquitL^s de Caylus, vol. ii. pl. xciii. 
 tig. J., el une autre dans les Antiq. de Montfaucon, vol. iv. part i 
 pl. XXV. fig. I. ^ 
 
 CJ7) II y a un eperon Romain de cuivre, a peu pres de la meme 
 forme que ceox-ci, mais plus petir, dans la colleclion de Che- 
 valier w illiam Hamilton, au Mufcum Brittaniquci et il y en a 
 tin autre du meme metal et de la meme efpece, majs plus erand. 
 de reptcfenrc dans I'ou.rage de I'Abbe de Tercen, cilS p. ,0! hi 
 comte de Caylus a la figure d'un eperon Romain poinio, mais 
 d une forme diffcrente, dans le troizteme volume de fes Antiqui. 
 les pl. Ixix. Les Romains fe Ibrvoient ordinairement d eperons 
 de ler, qnoiqu on en an peu trouvj de ce metal. Cela parolt cer- 
 tain par leors ccrivains : Virgiledit, 
 
 " Quadrupedemque citum fcrratd taUe fatigat." 
 , ,. , .^ineid, xi, v. yta. 
 
 bilius Iialicus employe la mjme expreffion, viii, 6,6, On peut 
 obrerverque fuivantd'anciens monumens on a fait uf.ges d'epe™, 
 de la meme forme dans ce pays- ci, jofqu'au rcgne d'Edou.id Trois. 
 vorvm ■ '■ '°"°''' " Arcbteologia, 
 
 (38) On en a trou> ■ nlufieurs femblablcs dc dilT&ens materiaux 
 dans des IiimuU. Nenia Brit, de Douglas, p. 87. 
 
 (39) La maifon de ville et la maifon de campagne {Jmus et 
 
 villa) contenoient les memes appartemens; la difference ne con 
 Moit que dans leur dillribution. Dans la maifon de ville, l'a/rai» 
 etoit place aupres de la porte d'entree. Dans la maifon de cam- 
 pagne, c etoit ley mj!y/;™, et enfuite l-«/rt«i» environncd'un porti- 
 que pave. Vitruv. lib. vi. c. viii. ^ 
 
 (40) II y avoit plufieurs des grands appartemcns, qui ne fe trou- 
 voicnt point dans les maifons des particuliers, qui n'avoient oas 
 befoin de vfl.h. ou d'«,™, de p^/JWa, „u de ou 
 tout le monde avoit droit d'entrer fans invitation, candis que les 
 
 ;"mS'"$^Siuvi".':r"'''"''''°"'^ 
 
 (4.) " Dnmos atque villas cognovetis in urbium modum en- 
 aidilicatas. i, Calalinim. ■■ Infinita cDe villarum 
 
 Ipatia. Tacit, lib. iii. Annal. 
 
 (42) Statins, en decrivant Ii maifon de campagne de Manlius 
 Vopifcus, nous fournit le palTage fuivant, dans iequel, parmi les 
 autres decorations fplendides de ce batiment, il fait pariiculiere- 
 ment mention des paves en mofaique : 
 
 « Quid primum, mediumve canam ? quo fine quiefcam ' 
 
 " Auratafne Irabes ? an Mauros undique poftea f 
 
 " An piclurata luceniia marmora vena 
 
 " Mner an emilTas per cunda cubilia lymphas * 
 
 " Hue oculis, hue mente trahor 
 
 " Vidi artes. veterumque manus, variifque metalla 
 
 Viva modis, labor eft auri memorare figuras, 
 " Aut ebur, am dignas digitis contingere°gemmas. 
 Jiuicquid ell argento pnmum, vel in tere Myronis 
 i-ulir, et enormes manus eft experta Coloffos. 
 ■ Diim vagor afpeflu, vifufque per omnia doco 
 Calcabam, nec opinus opes. Nam fplendor ab alto 
 UeKuus, et nitidam referentes aera teftiE 
 " Monftravere fnlum, varias ubi pifla per artes 
 " humus, fuberantque novis Afarola figuris. 
 
 hxpavere grrdus. Quid nunc ingentia mire? ! 
 Aut quid partiiis diftantia tefta trichoris ?" 
 
 Sylvarum, lib. i. 
 
 portiques 
 
DE WOODCHESTER. 
 
 avoir un tre. bean coup d'c.I, .t ne left cependant pas affez pour n etre pas i labH dcs coUines 
 qu, 1 environncm. On peut avcc raifon foppofer qu'a rcpoquc oi Pedifice f« conft.r I 
 cco.t ..eu. boifi qu'H nc reft aa.dlen,en.ril y aVndr„t\„co.e ; 
 
 une port,on confiderable dc hetres, qui contribuent beaucoup a la beaut^ dc la vur 11 „ v T 
 
 d endro.t ou Ion puiffe ouir d'une plus belle verdure, que dans la va L de W A Ua ^ 
 
 dans les faifons les plus arides. ^ Woodchefter, meme 
 
 Une raifon qui auroit encore pu engager les Remains i elever un batiraent auffi confiderable dan 
 cet endro.t, c eft qu'.l etoit k proxim.ti de plufieurs de leurs ftation, ef A. 1 <^^"' 
 in,por.an.s. Q,elques unes I ces garnifon^ co^.andoieriefd-ffir p rf!:7;^^^^^^^ 
 fervou de barr.ere pour contenir les SU.re,, les ennemis les plus obftin& de 1 nuM, P ^ 
 dans les parties n^^ridionales de rAnglete^e. Par.i le pen I faits rappo tt ar7ef^^ r.^nTRr 
 mains, rela rvement anx premtJrcs expeditions des Romains dans cet.e paftie de 1' Anl'^re A . 
 
 Berr,, et firr la coLe de .i„.ie^^; ri::;zt:::j:jzL Ti 
 
 bury, font dcs reftcs de ces forts, ou an moins des cajlr. e.plora.^ria des Romain On a , 
 un grande nombre de p.eces de monnoies Romaines du haut et du bas emnrT , ' 
 mens d'Uley Berry, et dans les camps de la colline de Painfwick ^ 
 
 Woodchefter eft a douze milles de Gloucefter et de Cirencefter r •, j 
 la colonic Rcmaine Cle.u,„, ou la fepf^me Mgion fut en ftat.on pe;dant queW tern's "etM " 
 etoit une des plus eonfid&ables citfe des Romain, en Angleterr^ Cell til f r 
 quatre routes militaires, conftruites k travers cette ile par les Romain. appell&s Fofs iT' M T 
 Erming-ftreet (57). Woodchefter neft pas k plus de vingt fept millcs de la cll™ ''''"'^"i"" " 
 Sol, ou (aujourdhuiBath), ct pas%eaucoup'plus' floi gnl de C « W 
 
 Monmouth, la colonic Romaine d'//.. Siluru^, ou la L,. jJJa l^ZTZ , 
 «on (58,. II ny a pomt de fituation dans les'parties au^ud-ouet df ffe ilc o Tn""^ " 
 Romam cut pu r^fider dune manierc plus avantageufe que dans cette pla« O r ^Z'"""" 
 . une ville, ou une ftation militaire, qui ^toit a Woodchefter; car les itineraires n, V' ' 
 nes ne marquent aucun etablilTement de ce genre, qui fou's aucun r ^por lp ndt^T^ 
 cependant par la termmaifon de fon nom, il eft probable qu'il y avoit Fune ou p7, T ' 
 na-t-ond&ouvert en aucune pattie de rAngleterre, dan^un Jfpac a LI ^Wi 
 mamcs, quon en a trouv^ dans quinze milles aux environs de Woodchefter (j,, 
 
 Plufieurs 
 
 (56) Tacic. An„.l. lib. c. ,„l pomb-end (Pl„ch. I N- o , H - 
 
 (57) L, 7WiA"/ m ,,.,erii„, c«te ik dc I'eft i IWft. "<^" »"M"abl« d'u„, m.iron R^"l°° "'/™| t™'" 
 
 TO palTojt pai loin de Woodchefter, comme on peu[ le voir oar li moCnqne, &c. 'A Rodmarinn (.„ il ;j .f'"'""" P"c' en 
 
 Planche i. Apres a.oir confoi.e 1„ meille'orel .ulLrf N' „„ decoo.rif en 1 ef'"v(''''-''<^ 
 
 ce rojet, ei aran- examine I'ciat .Sod du p.,,, a„„„, „„.i| monnoies Romaines, dans on ^hamn ,„ if" « de. 
 
 poinb e je ne dou.c nollemenc que cene .U.T Ya - .1"' " » fai, dan" le iX'^^.f i/"'''^' 
 
 mooih dans le comie de Norfolk > St. Da.id's. dans celui de dernierement quelques relief t- °» ' 
 
 Pembroke. On la foi.ie a .ra.er, les com.es de No fo k de """"i"" <i«" cbamp "oodle P,« ""f " ™"- 
 
 Cambridge de Herrford, de Bockingham, d'0«ford, e^dc Glou! Cheringron (Plancl„ |. N^^^. tn^'*"'! f"" '' !"""<'' 
 
 cefter, jofqu'a Cirencefter. Ao dela de cette place aucun ecri.ain ™n"''in Romaines, et un oav^ 'e^ Z T P'""™" P'«" de 
 jofqu-ici n'en a fai, mention Elle parol, cependant fe continoer SF'"\ la p.roilfe T Zrfcote" 'fW "TrP 
 
 dans la bgnemarqoee fur la Planche I. vers Auft, IWien palTage J* 'A " -onnoies Romaines, et un o.v/ 
 for 1. Saverne, ,o on croit avoir ete le Tr^j.a., A.g.Hi. A„ " P"''' 'S- i Cromhall (N-',, 1^1.^ "'°'*.">" 
 
 dela de la Saverne , p.roit qn elle a rejo le nom de jllU Sir.,.. f""!™" ™ te.ranchemen, conBderaUe dansl „ 'TV '*! 
 
 De Cirencefter i Kingleote die eft encore prdqoe e„t4,e, excepte * Dodington (N- „ ) on" tro„vr„l 
 
 ? 7f °" 'J'^ " P" I" dans Cote- (Voyez Iti;,. de Lehnd v„ J W '"■;''"r 
 
 SS; ,?.^i;»s".Jb-j^,:-R=zr'°-^ '= - ?=?^?~:^x;tLS:-~f-^-^ 
 
 (5.) Britannia Rom. de Horfte, p. MteSf Rfm'.it^'^e-^e.? d " 
 
 Hrd:^5/oi-«s-SKCi-.- iilj; f™i3li:^»f5^^.^E°Se^dS 
 
 [I] ■'■ 1°=' °» '759. one tri; 
 
 grande 
 
 '9 
 
A N T I Q^U ITE'S ROMAINES 
 
 Jieu de croire que le plafond et les autres parties de Tappartement ttoient richement decorees. II 
 eft probable qu'une partie de la voute de cet appartement confiftoic en arcs en diagonale, qui por- 
 toient fur les quatre colonnes (52). 
 
 Les murs qui reftent du cote de I'oueft du caveedtum^ et du cryptoporticus^ font probablemcnt des 
 reftes des triclinia hybertia et des bains ; car fous la pKipart il y a des canaux pour y introduirc la 
 chaleur, et leur fituation correfpond a celle que Vitruve afllgne pour ces appartemens, comme on 
 le verra par le plan, Planche VI. (53); quelques uns de ces appartemens pouvoient aufli fervir de 
 cuhicula, ou de chambres a coucher. 
 
 Les appartemens a I'eft du crypioporiicus ctoicnt probablcment cchaufFcs par Thypocauflej N° 31, 
 Planche VI. lis etoient a I'endroit alTigne par Vitruve pour les tric/inia du printems et de I'au- 
 tomne. 
 
 11 eft probable que fous la plupart des appartemens dans les maifons Romaincs en Angleterre, il y 
 avoit des canaux ou des hypocauftes, parce que la nature du climat dcvoit les rendre utiles en 
 plufieurs occafions, dans routes les faifons de I'annee. 
 
 On ne peut determiner qu'elle etoit I'etendue de la partie du batiment au nord du cavisdium^ 
 parce qu'elle a ete entieremcnt dctruite pour eriger uiie eglife, exceptc les murs fous le chceur, dont 
 on a fait mention, p. 6. 
 
 Par la grandeur de ce batiment, et la richefle de fes decorations, il n'eft pas probable qu'il ap- 
 partint a un particulier. II eft plus vralfemblable que c'ctoit un edifice public, baci pour la refi- 
 dence du propreteur, ou au moins du gouverneur dc cette partie de la province, et peut etre 
 meme quelquefois pour la refidence de I'empereur lui-meme, parce qu'on f^ait que pliifieurs 
 empcreurs Remains font venus en Angleterre, et que quelques uns y ont demeure un terns con- 
 fid erable. 
 
 Il y a plufieurs raifons, qui auroient pu engager les Remains a choifir cet emplacement pour 
 y clever un batiment dc cette nature. D'abord il avoit I'avantage d'etre abondamment fourni d'eau 
 non feulement par un ruiffeau, qui coule au pied de la colline ou il fe trouve, mais encore par une 
 fource abondante, qui vient de la colline fuperieure, et coule a travers le verger et le cimeticre fur 
 une partie du terrein autrefois occupe par le batiment. Par ce moyen on auroit pu fournir d'eau, 
 non feulument les bains, mais encore les fontaines que les Remains avoient fort fouvent dans les 
 cours de leurs maifons (54). On trouve pres de cet endroit de tres bonne picrre pour batir, et de 
 I'argile pour faire de la brique. La beautc du pays a du aufll beaucoup contribuer a engager a y batir. 
 On a eflaye de donner une idee de cette fituation dans les Planches II, III, et IV (55), et dans la 
 vignette du commencement de cet ouvrage. La place ou etoit le batiment efl aflez elevee pour 
 
 pluRcurs rangces d'appirtemens, et qui reflembloient beaucoup 
 aux atria. Vitruve decrit ainfi les caviedia lelraftyla : " Tetra- 
 " ftyla Tunt, quE fubjetSis fub trabibus angularibus coJumnis, et 
 " utilitatctn trabibus, et firmitacem priertant." Lib. vt. c. iii. Le 
 palTdge fuivant de I'TEnei Je marque la fituation du cavadium, et le 
 diftingue de Valrium, avec lequcl on I'a quelquefois confondu: 
 
 " Veftibulum ante ipfum primoque in limine Pyrrhus 
 " Exultat 
 
 " ingcntem lato dcdit ore feneftram, 
 
 " ■ Apparct domus imiis, et atria longa patefcunc : 
 " At domus interior gemitu miferoque tumultu 
 " Mifcetur, penitiifque eav^e plangoribus tedei 
 
 " Fcemineis ululant: ■ 
 
 Lib. ii. V. 469.482, &c. 
 
 (52) On peut voir des voutcs de certe efpece dans quelques 
 reftes dea maifons dc campagne 6' Hadrtanus, cl dans d'autres 
 batimens Romains en Italic. 
 
 (53) Hyi'^'xa, triclinia, et balnearea occidenlem hyiernum 
 fpellent, Vitruv. lib. vi. c. vii. 
 
 (54) Dans la plupart des maifons decouvertes a Pompeii, il y 
 avoit unc cour quartee, ci une fontalnc an milieu. Archieologla, 
 vol, iv. p. 164. 
 
 (55) La PlancheO. reprefente la vue au fud-eft de Wood- 
 chefter, dont I'eglife fe trouve a peu pies au milieu du plan; unc 
 panic de la vallee de Gloucefter avec la Saverne, que coule le long; 
 et U forct de Dean, avec une partie des comtes de Hereford et de 
 Monmouth dans le lointain. Plus pres on voit Hill Houfe, la 
 belle maifon de campagne du Chevalier George Paul. Cette vue 
 eft prife de rcxtrcmite au nord-oueft de la commune de Hamp- 
 ton. 
 
 La Planche III ptife de la colline de Silfley, au coie oppole de 
 la valleej contient un plan a vue d'oifeau de I'eglife de Wood- 
 chefter et de fes environs, fur lefquels tombe la principale lumiere 
 avec la colline de Rodborough fur Ic derrierc, et les environs dc 
 Biiley dans le lointain a main gauche. 
 
 La Planche nil contient unc vue de plus pres dc 1" eglife dc 
 Woodchefter, du champ appellc les Pares, et dea autres environs. 
 Cette vue elt prife de Tautre cote de la vallee. EUe peut fervir a 
 donner une idee de k fituation du batiment Romain. On a 
 marque quelques unes des fouilles a la gauche de i'eglife. 
 
 La vignette du commencement de cet ouvrage eft une vue de 
 plus pres de 1 eglife dc Woodchefter, etdu chateau de M. Wathen, 
 avec Rodborough dans le lointain. Cette vue eft prife de I'em- 
 placement du baiimeat Remain dans les Pares. 
 
 avoir 
 
DE WOODCHESTER. 
 
 21 
 
 vcmcnt les reparations qu'il paroit qu'on a faitcs aux paves en moraique, font d'un ouvrage fi 
 groflier qu'on voit par li qu'ils n'ont ete rcparcs que dans un age plus recent, ou les arts 
 avoicnt bcaucoup degcnere. On peut faire la meme obfervation par rapport h quelques uns 
 dcs fragmens de colonnes. Les matiriaux ct I'ouvrage de la mofaique originale, qui eft 
 bien fuperieure a tout ce qu'on a dccouvcrt du merac genre dans cc pays-ci, font encore une 
 preuve de fon antiquitc. Quant au terns de la dcftruftion de cet edifice, on peut avcc raifon 
 conjedturer par les pieces de monnoie du bas empire, qu'on a trouvees dans les ruines, qu'ellc 
 nc s'cffedua pas long terns, avant que les Romiins quittaffent cette ile, et peut-etre meme 
 eut-elle lieu a leur depart. II paroit quelle fe fit par Ic feu, dont on a vu plufieurs marques 
 en differens endroits dans les ruines. 
 
A N T I Q_U ITE'S ROMAINES 
 Pluficurs anciens ecrivains {60) ont affur^ que les Romains ^rigcrent dc magnifiqucs edifices dans 
 ce pavs-ci, mais on en a dout6 dans ces derniers terns, parcc qu'on n'avoit trouve aucuns rcftcs dc 
 bitlmens de ce genre. La d6couvcrtc, dent il eft ici queftion, fervira cependant a monUcr que les 
 premieres affcrtions 6toient bicn fondles. Je ne doute gueres qu on ne put decouvnr es plans de 
 bien d autre. ; quoique la partie ext^rieure en ait d^truite d une n^an.ere plus complete dans ce 
 pays-ci, que dans les autrcs provinces de I'empire Romain. Il y a lieu dc croue qu d a exifte en 
 AnWri desreftes confid^rables de batlmens Romains jufqu'au regne de Henry Second (60; 
 ^poqueo^ on les d^truifit pour en employer les mat6riaux a conftruire des eglifes des chateaux, et 
 d-autres Edifices. Les Normans en avoienc fans doute d^j^ detruit un grand nombre dans le 
 m^me deffein. Il paroit que I'^glifc de Woodcheller, i en juger par le genre de que ques 
 parties de fon architedure, a ki: bitie vers I'^poque dont nous venons de parler (62). Elle elt 
 de pierre et la plus grande partie en fut probablement prife des ruines du batmient Romam; 
 et il n'y a pas de doute quelle fut erig^c dans cet endroit, par rapport aux mat^riaux qu on 
 
 ^ OriT'peut affurer en quel terns k b^timent Romain fut el^vi k Woodchefter ; parce que 
 rhiftoire n'en fait mention nulle part, et quon n'a trouv^ dans les rumes de cet edifice au- 
 Gune infcription, qui ait pu faire connokre Ic tems oii il a k^ hkt\. On peut cependant former 
 quelquc conjedure k cet ^gard, en confidirant les exploits des Romams dans cette partie dc 
 l-Angleterre, et les indices que fourniflent evidemment les reftes monies du batmient. 
 
 Deux g^n^raux Romains de grande diftinflion, Vefpafianus et Oftorius Scapula, engerent, dit- 
 on, des ouvrages publics dans le voifinage de Woodchefter fous le r^gne de Claudius {63). Il 
 eft done tr^s probable que cet endroit auroit pu, vers le m^me tems, avoir ^t^ choifi pour une 
 place de r6fidence; quoiqu'il ne s'enfuive paS que les reftes, dont nous avons donn^ la defcnp- 
 tion, ayent fait partie dun edifice biti dans ce tems-1^; parcequ'il auroit pu avoir et^ r6b^ti 
 depuis. Les ornemens, qui font dans les pav^s en mofaique, font du m^me genre que ceux 
 qu on eftimoit Ic plus du tems d'Adrianus, et comme cet emp6reur vint dans cecte ile, et qu on 
 f9ait qu'il fit criger difi^'erens edifices dans beaucoup d'autres provinces de I'empire Romain (64), 
 il eft affez probable qu'il fit eiever celui-cl ; quoiqu'on doive obferver que les memes ornemens 
 qu'on y trouve, continu^rent d'etre en ufage long tems apr^s. Il n'eft cependant pas proba- 
 ble qu'ilfoit pofterieur au regne de Septimius Severus, ou a celui de fes enfans (65); et efFedi- 
 
 grande quanike de pieces de monnoies Romaincs d'argent et de 
 petit bronze, comenant une ferie prefque complete, depuis Jala- 
 niitus Pius jufqu'a Gallienus. parmi Icfquelles il y avoLt plufieurs 
 pieces rares: au nombre de celles-ci on peut mettre des denarii de 
 Didia Clara, de Macrinus, dc Diadumenianus, A'Orbiana, de Gor- 
 dianui AJricanus te pere, et ^Mmilianus; et des pieces de petit 
 bronze de Macrianus ct A' MUanus. 11 y a une liftc de quetqucs 
 unes dans les Archives de li Societe des Antiquaires, vol. viii, 
 p. i6i. oij il eft dit qu'on croyoit que le total fc montoit a 3000. 
 On en peut voir une autre lilte dans Rudder's Glouceftcrlhire, 
 p. 641. 11 eft probable que Frocefter (Planche I N" i3), a en 
 jugcr par Ic nom, etoic aulTi une ftition Romaine. Au N° 19, 
 flanche I. eft un camp d'une eiendue confiderable fur la coUinc 
 de Sclfley, immediatemcnt au deffus de Woodchefter, avec un 
 fimple fofl^ au tour. 
 
 (60) Tacite nous dit qu'Agricola batit des portiques et des 
 bains dans cette ile; Ai^ricol. Vit. c. ai.; et 11 paroit par une 
 infcription trouvce a Langchefter dans I'eveche de Durham. que 
 Gordien 111. fit batir un balJtem cum hafilica par fon Proprcteur 
 Cniius Lucilianus. Tranf. Philof. vol. xxx. p. 823. 
 
 (60 Ciraldus Cambrinfis, qui ecrivoit fous ce regne, parlc 
 des reftes magnifiques des batimens Remains, qui cxiftojent alors a 
 Caerleon. " Videas hie multa prlftinK nobilitatis adhuc vcftigia, 
 " Palatii immenfa aureis ollm teilorum faftigiis Romanos faltus 
 " imiiantia, eo quod i Ronianis princlpibus primo conftruda et 
 " Edificiis cgrcgiis illuftraia fuilTcnt 1 turnm giganieam, 
 " thcrmas infignci, templorum rcliquias, et loca theairalu muns 
 
 " egregiis partim adhuc extmiibus, omnia claufa." Itin. Cambr. 
 lib. i. c. 5. 
 
 (62) La petite porte au nord, « I'arc qui eft cntre la nef et 
 Ic chceur, font d'archiiefturc Normande. 
 
 (63) On dit que Vefpafien batit CerimaM (aujourd'hui Ciren- 
 cefter). Kicardi Manachi de Silu Brilannia, c. vi. ; et OJiorius 
 fit conftruire la chainc dc forts, le long de la Saverne, comme 
 nous I'avons die plus haut. Le memc auteur dit auiTi que la co- 
 lonic de Glevuitt fut formec fous Claudius. " Glevum vcro, Ro- 
 " mana lenebat Colonia, quam deduxit Claudius C^far, ut fcrip- 
 " tores de iftis tcmporibus affirmant." De Situ Brit, c, ^i. 
 
 (64) Orbem terrarum circumivit et multa sedificavit." 
 EutropiuSj lib. viii. c, vii. 
 
 (65) Cet Empcreur et fes fils demeurerent cn Brctagne un 
 tems confiderable, et il mourut a York. 11 eft probable que 
 cet edifice fut bati, ou du moins repate par I'un d'eux. II ell 
 digne de remarque que Bonui Evenlus, le dieu qui eft reprefentc 
 fur un des paves en molaiquc dc Woodchefter, eft rcprcfente fur 
 le revcrs d'une piece de monnoie de Severus, et fur une de fon fils 
 Geta 1 (voyez la vignette dc la fin de cet ouvragc, fig. i et 1 1 et 
 que fur la piece dc Severus il fc trouve une lettre Grecque, le C 
 pour S, comme H eft pour E dans I'infcription de Woodchefter. 
 La feulc infcription que j'aic vue, dont on puilTe affurer I'age, eft 
 cdle qui fe rapporte I Caracalla ei i Geta— NATIS. SEVHRl. 
 Gtutcti Infcrip. vol. ii. p. 1019. 
 
 vement 
 
ri,, \, 
 
 I 
 
PL. XIV. 
 
1M,.\V. 
 
 -t '-^ ^ ^ 'i^ ' 
 
PL m. 
 
FL.XX. 
 
 BOWMtVTMVM 
 
 B/M/l 
 
PL„XX1V. 
 
rL.xxxviu. 
 
 r 
 
 risi.