AS THE DRUGGIST'S GENERAL RECEIPT BOOK COMPRISING A COPIOUS VETERINARY FORMTTLARY NUMEROUS KECIPES IM PATENT AND PJ:iOPRIETARY MEDICINES druggists' nostrums, etc. PERFUMERY AND COSMETICS BEVERAGES, DIETETIC ARTICLES, AND CONDIMENTS Trade Chemicals, Scientific Processes AND AN APPENDIX OF USEFUL TABLES BY HENRY BEASLEY fiigljt^ febitton PHILADELPHIA LINDSAY AND BLAKISTON 1878 THE GETTY CENTER LfBRARY PREFACE It was the aim of the original compiler of ' The Druggists' G-eneral Receipt Book ' to collect from various aud widely scattered sources, and to condense into a volume of small size and conve- nient arrangement, a considerable amount of information that might be useful to Chemists and Druggists. In the present volume the endeavour has been made to adhere to this design, and to keep the work abreast with the requirements of the Chemist and Druggist, by the addition of such new forms, receipts, and processes as have sprung into existence since the publication of the last edition. The Veterinary Materia Medica has been care- fully revised and enlarged ; whilst in the photo- graphic division, obsolete matter has been sup- planted by the latest and most approved formula?. London; July, 1878. CONTENTS Page Veterinary Materia Medica 1 Veterinary Formulary 44 Medicines for Horses 44 Balls aud Ball Masses . 41 Electuaries, Confections, &c. 61 Powders ..... . 63 Liquid Medicines — Drenches . 67 Tinctures, Solutions, &e. 80 Clysters ..... 81 External Applications — Liniments 83 Embrocations, various 88 • Lotions, or Washes . 89 Caustics .... 93 Fomentations 94 Eye Waters .... 95 Sundry Solutions 96 Poultices .... 98 Ointments .... 100 Charges . . . . . 110 Powders (for outward use) . 111 Medicines for Cattle . . , . 113 Drenches, &c. .... 113 for the Foot-and-MoutU Disease 121 for the Cattle Phiirue 125 VUl CONTENTS Page Drenclies for Calves .... 127 External Applications — Lotions . . 129 Eye Waters . . . • .131 Embrocations and Liniments . . 131 Ointments, &e. .... 132 Medicines for Sheep and Lambs . . . 136 Drenches, &c. ..... 136 External Applications — Eye Waters . . 141 Washes . . . • .141 Powders and Ointments . . • 142 Medicines for Swine .... 146 Medicines for Dogs .... 148 External Applications .... 156 Medicines for Poultry and Rabbits . . 101 Patent and Peopeietaet Medicines, DEuaaiSTs' NOSTEUMS, &c. ..... 164 Eactitious Mineral Waters, and Salts for pro- ducing them ..... 201 Peeffmeey ...••• 211 Distilled Waters . . . • .211 Spirituous Waters, Eaux, Esprits . . 212 Tinctures used in Perfumery . . . 218 Extraits, Essences .... 219 Common French Essences, Spirits and Waters . 222 Ammoniated Perfumes .... 223 Acetic Perfumes ..... 224 Pot Pourri, Scented Powders, &c. . . 226 Pastiles ...••- 228 Cosmetics ....•• 231 Skin Cosmetics — Lotions .... 231 Pastes, Pomades, Cold Cream, &c. . . 232 Face Paints . . . • • 236 Toilet Soaps . . • • .238 Shaving Compounds .... 240 CONTENTS XI Hair Cosmetics Compounds to promote the Growth of the Hair Liquid ditto Poinatums, Lotions, for embellishing the Hair, &e Huiles Antiques . Washes for Cleansing the Hair . Compounds for Stiffening the Hair Hair Dyes Depilatories ... Teeth and Mouth Cosmetics Tooth Povvders Tooth Pastes Astringent Tinctures — Mouth washes Tinctures, &c., for Toothache Pastes for Toothache Cements for Stopping Teeth, &c. Beveeages, Dietetic Articles, and Condiments Beverages, and Powders for preparing them Dietetic Articles — Directions for using Preparations of Cod-liver Condiments, &c. . Curry Powders, Mixed Spices, &c. Culinary Essences, Tinctures, &c. Culinary Vinegars, Sauces, &c. Pickles .... Trade Chemicals ; Miscellaneous Preparations, Pro- cesses and Compounds used in the Arts, in Domestic Economy, Chemical Research and Recreation, &c. . Appendix. Tables of Weights and Measures Comparison of Tliermometric Scales Effects of Temperature Specific Gravities Table of Chemical Equivalents 241 241 243 245 248 250 251 252 255 256 256 260 262 265 266 266 270 270 278 292 293 293 295 297 300 304 4G7 472 473 474 476 CONTENTS Page Table of Composition, Equivalent numbers, nnd Formulas of some of the more important Com- pounds employed in Pharmacy and the Arts 477 Table of Neutralizing Proportions, &c. . . 481 Table of the Relations between the principal Areometers for liquids lighter than water . 482 Specific Gravities corresponding with the de- grees of Baume's Areometer for liquids lieavier than water .... 483 Index 435 VETEEINAEY MATEEIA MEDICA Table of the Properties and Doses of the Principal Medi- cinal Substances used in Veterinary Practice. N.B. — Where the doses are given without mentioning the animal intended, it must always be understood to refer to the Horse. Acacia. See Gum Arabic. Acetate of Ammonia Solution. Spirit of Mindererus. Diaphoretic and diuretic. It is also regarded as antiseptic. Dose, for horses and cattle, from 5 to 10 oz. For smaller animals, from 5 to 10 dr. Externally, in strains, ophthal- mia, &c. Acetate of Copper. See Verdigris and Copper. Acetate of Lead. Astringent and sedative ; in doses of 30 to 40 grains with opium, in internal hemorrhage, chronic diabetes, and diarrhoea ; but chiefly used externally, in cooling lotions, eye-waters, ointments, &c. (For Diacetate of Lead, see Goulard's Extract.) As antidotes for an overdose, give Epsom or Glauber's Salts, with opiates if required. Acetate of Potasii. Diuretic and cooling ; dose for horses and cattle, 2 oz. In much larger doses it is a laxative, but not to be depended on. Acetate of Soda. Similar in properties and uses to Ace- tate of Potash. Acetic Acid. Strong acetic (or pyroligneous) acid acts as a rubefacient and caustic, but is rarely employed for thia 1 is TETERI]S'AET MATERIA MEDICA purpose. Ill the weaker forms of coimnon or distilled Aiiiefrar, or diluted wood vinegar, it is frequently used. See Vinegar. Acids. See Miu-iatic Acid, Nitric Acid, Prussic Acid, Sul- phuric Acid, &c. AcFPrNCTrEATio:^. Used in some spasmodic and paralytic affections. iEGYPTiAcrir. A preparation of verdigris and honey. A mild caustic, used as a local application to ulcers of the mouth, running tlu-ush, grease, &c. Internally poisonous. .SJtheb. See Ether. Alcohol. Poisonous to all animals — 2 drachms will kill a dog. See Spirits, Ai-dent. Allspice. Pimento. A useful stimulant and carminative ; used in cordial baUs and di-inks, and to correct the action of purgatives. Dose for horses, 2 to 4 dr. ; cattle, J oz. to 1 oz. Dose of the Tincture, 4 ounces, in gripes. Aloes. Tlie most valuable pm-gative for the horse, but not to bo depended on for cattle and sheep. A horse recpures from 4 to 8 dr. of Barbadoes aloes, from 5 to 9 dr. of Socotrine, and from 6 to 10 of Cape. ilr. Youatt says 3 dr. of Barbadoes are equal to 4 of Cape aloes. Mr. Mortoj^' considers a mixture of equal parfs of Cape and Barbadoes aloes to be quite as eificacious as the latter alone. But the fine gourd Barbadoes aloes are the most certain in their operation. If the animal be prepared by previous mashes, 5 dr. are generally, and 6 dr. almost always, sufRcieiit. Mr. Blaine recommends 2 dr. every 6 houi-s till 8 dr. have been taken, as a nauseant and purgative ; but Mr. Youatt strong disapproves of tliis plaiC particularly in inflammation of tlie lungs. Aloes require from 18 to 36 hours to produce their effect, during which time the horse should not lie ridden far or fast. Though not to be de- pended on for cattle, 4 to 6 dr. are sometimes added to the purgative salts. Large doses (in some cases sufficient to destroy life) have been given to sheep without purging. Small dogs require from 15 to 30 gr. ; medium-sized ones, a dr. ; some larger ones require 2 dr., or more. Hogs can bear but a few grains. Externally, in the form of tinc- ture, aloes is used as a stimulating application to wounds. Mr. FiXLAY Drx says : " Tlie administration of aloes should VETEBES'ART MATERIA MEDICA 3 be avoided in cases of irritation or inflammation of any part of the alimentary canal, and in piles or liajniorrliage from the rectum. In bronchitis and other inflammatory affections of the mucous membranes, and in inflammation of the kidneys, it must be used with great caution, and in very small doses, for in such cases the intestinal mucous membrane is usually irritable, and superpurgation and inflammation are readily mduced. Dm-ing pregnancy, both in the mare and the bitch, the violent operation of aloes must be carefully avoided. Some practitioners give it both to foals and calves, but for young animals, linseed oil or castor oil is more suitable.'' Alum. Astringent and styptic. Given in doses of 2 to 4 dr. to horses in diabetes and diarrhoea; but Bouegelat says that its too frequent use induces a phthisical condi- tion. A dose of alum whey, consisthig of 2 dr. of the powder in a pint of hot milk, may be given after excessive purging. Cattle require from 2 to 6 or 8 di'aehms in diabetes and red water ; and from 2 to 4 oz. are given to cows to dry their milk. To calves and lambs it is given in dr. doses, in warm milk, for diarrhoea, &c. Dogs, 10 to 15 gr. Externally it is aj^plied to cracked and greasy heels, joint wounds, sore mouths, inflammation of the eye, chronic discharges from the nostrils, and to arrest bleeding from wounds. Burnt alum is more powerful, and is used as a mild caustic, mixed with honey, to fungoiis growths, sore mouths, &c. Alteeatites. Medicines which, without producing any considerable or immediate sensible operation, and without interfermg with food or work, effect a slow change in the diseased action of certain parts, so as gradually to restore a healthy state. Ammoxia, Caebonate oe SESQriCAEBOXATE OF. Volatile Salts. Stimulant and antacid. Dose 1 dr. to 2 dr. [MoiEorD says from 2 to 8 dr.] to horses in tympanitis, and the last stage of pneumonia. To cattle, in hoven (distension from the fermentation of green food), 1 to 4 dr. [MoiEOUD says to 12 dr.]. The solution of carbonate of ammonia has the same properties as the spirit of harts- horn, which see. 4 TETEBiNARir MAtEElA MEDtCA Ammonia, Aeojiatic Spieit of. Properties as the last. Dose i oz. to 1 oz. ; or to cattle in liovcn, 2 to 4 oz. Ammonia, Liquid. NV^ater of ammonia is more pungent and stimulant than the carhonate, and is used for the same purposes, particularly in tympanitis and hoven, largely diluted with water or some aromatic infusion ; but it is ciiiefly used extenially in stimulating liniments ; also both internally and outwardly as an antidote to the bite of vipers. The dose of common water of ammonia may be from 2 to 6 dr. ; or for cattle to 2 omices diluted. For small animals from i ^AET MATEEIA MEDICA to 1 oz. ; for sheep, 5 oz., in water, with or without the addition of ether. Chloride of Soda. Labarraque's Disinfectant Solution. The properties and uses are the same as of cliloride of lime ; it is perliaps better adapted for internal use. Dose, 2 to 4 cb'. of the solution, gradually increased to 1 oz. or more, largely diluted. It has been tried in glanders. As a lotion, about 1 oz. to a pint of water. Chloeine. Antiseptic. A strong watery solution of chlo- rine gas is antiseptic— in large doses poisonous. It is used for the same purposes as the chlorides of lime, potash, and soda, but the latter are preferable. Chloride of Antimony. See Antimony, Butter of. Chloride of Zinc. It is a powerful caustic. A diluted solution is iised as a disinfectant. Chloroform. Used to produce insensibility to pain in the same manner as ether ; and as a remedy for tetanus. Mixed \^'ith spirit it forms the spii'it of chloroform of the B.P., and as such is given as an antispasmodic. CiNCHOXA. See Bark, Peruvian. Cinnabar and Vermilion. Native, and factitious red sul- pJiuret or sulphide of mercury. Alterative and vermi- fuge ? Dose, ^ oz. daily to horses, in skin diseases and obstinate coughs. Formerly given in large doses, as a vermifuge. Cinnabar of Antimony, so called from the mode of preparation, does not differ from common ver- milion in its properties. Care must be taken to get pure vermilion, as tliis compound, being used as a pigment, is sometimes adulterated with red lead and other poisonous matters. Cinnamon. Stimulant and carminative. Dose, 2 dr. Cassia is usually substituted for it. Cloves. A hot stimulant, cordial and carminative. Dose, 1 to 3 drachms in powder ; or from 10 to 20 drops of the oil ; the latter is a frequent adjunct to purghig balls, to prevent griping. Cloves are also an ingredient in masticatories. Clysters. These are injected into the rectum by a proper syringe, or a bladder and a pipe, either to unload the bowels, abate inflammation and pain, or to act on the system generally, when medicines cannot be given by the mouth. See Yet. Formulary. TETEEIITAET MATEEIA MEDICA IS COLCHICUM. Poisonous to most animals. A diuretic and drastic purgative, chiefly used in rheumatic affections. Dr. Lemanx found it useful in constitutional ophthalmia, and in pneumonia, in doses of a drachm, t-n-ice a day, with nitre. According to M. MoiEOrD, the dose for larger animals is from 1 to 2 dr. For smaller, 6 or 8 gr. CoLOCYNTH. Bitter apple. It has little effect on the horse. It is purgative to dogs, and in large doses poisonous. Confection of Opium. Anodyne and carminative. Dose, 4 to 6 dr., in flatulent colic. Confection of Roses. Slightly astringent ; but only used to form astringent powders, &e., into balls. Masses formed with it retain their consistence well. CoPAiTA. See Balsam of Copaiva. COPPEE. All the compounds of this metal are poisonous. In small doses they are tonic. The antidotes are white of eggs, milk, iron filings, or hydrated sulphuret (sulphide) of iron. CoPPEE, Acetate of. Crystallized (commonly called dis- tilled) verdiftris. Caiistic and cleansing. Stronger than common verdigris. CoppEE, DiACETATE OF. See Veedigeis. CopPEE, DiNiODiDE OF. Tonic, and promotes absorption. Dose, 1 or 2 dr. daily, in farcy, glanders, swelled legs, &c., and topically, to ill-conditioned ulcers. Copper, Nitrate of. Sometimes used as a caustic. Copper, Sulphate of. Blue Vitriol. Tonic and styptic. In doses of f dr. gi-adually increased to 2 dr. or more, daily, it is given in diabetes, farcy, &c. Small doses may be given in balls with gentian and ginger ; larger doses in gruel. It has been thought useful in glanders ; biit Mr. Youatt says it is only proper in nasal discharges with- out fever. Dose for cattle, 1 to 2 dr. Sheep 20"to 40 gr. Rabbits (in sniflies), 1 or 2 gr. twice a day. Externally the solution is used for the foot-rot of sheep : and as a cleansing wash for foul ulcers in horses and cattle. Used also in the solid state to destroy proud flesh. Copper, Ammonio-Sulphate^ of. Tonic and astrhigent. Dose, 1 to dr. twice or thrice a day. Cordials. Warm stimulating medicines, such as spices, and the aromatic seeds, fermented liquors and spirits, &c.. 16 TETEUINARY MATERIA ME13ICA which temporarily restore exhausted strength, revive the spirits, and rouse tlie system generally. The best modern practitioners condemn their indiscriminate employment as the som-ce of much mischief. For cordial balls, &c., see Vet. Formulary. CoEiANDER Seeds. A mild aromatic stimulant and car- minative, used in cordial balls and drinks. Dose, 2 oz. to 1 oz. COEEOSIVE SrsLiMATE. PercMoricle, or Bichloride of Mer- cury. One of the most Adndent of poisons. In small doses it is alterative and diuretic. It has been tried in doses of 2 to 5 gr., gradually increased to 10 or 20, in farcy and glanders, but rarely with lasting benefit. Externally it is used as a powerful" caustic. A dilute solution is employed as a wash for scab and lice in sheep, but the practice is not free from danger. Applied to wounds in cattle it has proved as fatal a poison as when swallowed. The antidote for an overdose is white of egg, or milk, or the hydrated sulphuret (sulphide) of iron ; with demulcent di-inks. CoTTOX Wool. Applied to blistered sui-faces, and in burns and scalds ; also to wounds, to protect them from the irritating effects of the atmosphere. CowHAOE. Vermifuge ; but has little effect on the horse. Ceeaji of Taetae. Cooling, laxative, and diuretic. Sel- dom given alone; but combined with autimonials, mer- curials, or sulphur, as an alterative in skin diseases : and used as an adjimct to aloes in purging balls. Cattle re- quire 2 to 3 oz. ; when given in larger doses it should be given in plenty of warm water. Sheep require \ oz. to 1 oz. Dogs, 5 to 20 grains. Ceeasote. Tonic, stimulant, and antiseptic. Dose, 20 to 30 drops daily, in gruel or linseed tea, in glanders. Ex- ternally in lotions and ointments, to fistulous wounds, unhealthy ulcers, &c. Crocts of AxTiMOxr. See Antimony, Liver of. Ceotox Seeds axd Oil. Purgative. The oil produces great irritation in the horse. Dose, about 20 drops : 30 drops have proved fatal. The powdered seeds and the meal or ground cake left after expressing the oil, arc also used ; 3 gr. of the former and 5 of the latter being con- sidered equivalent to 1 dr. of aloes. It operates with less VETEEINART MATERIA MEDICA 17 certainty, and produces more debility, tlian aloes, but is sometimes preferred on account of its more speedy action. It is usually given in the form of a ball, 20 or 30 gr. being mixed with 1 oz. linseed meal. Mr. Norton gives from 12 to 24 grains of the seed. Mr. Youatt prescribes 30 grains of the powdered seeds in a drink, in tetanus and brain fever, followed by smaller doses (10 gr.) every 6 hours. It will purge rapidly when placed upon the tongue, but is then likely to inflame the mouth. From 10 to 20 gr. are sometimes added to salts in purging di-enches for cattle, in extreme cases. One drop of the oil purges a dog freely. Cummin Seed. A warm carminative. Dose, from 1 to 4 dr. of the powdered seeds ; or from 6 to 20 drops of the oil. CusPAEiA, OR Angustttea Baek. An aromatic bitter tonic. Dose, 1 to 4 dr. in debility, diabetes, diarrhoea, &c. Cusso, Kousso. The flowering panicles of Brayera anthel- mintica. Given for worms, especially for tapeworm. The dose for a horse is from -\ to 1 pound. For a dog, from 2 to 6 drachms. Cyanide of Potassium. It possesses the same poisonous and medicinal properties as prussic acid. Mr. Lafore has given it with success in a case of idiopathic tetanus of the horse J but it failed to cm'e traumatic tetanus. Dose, 4 gr. Daffy's Elixir. Sometimes given in colic or grijies. Daley's Carminative. Given to calves in diarrhoea. Dose, \ a bottle. Detergents or Detersives. Kemedies which cleanse foul ulcers. Diapente. A compound powder, reputed cordial and sto- machic. Too much of what is sold in the shops is almost worthless. Dose, i oz. to 1 oz. Diaphoretics. Medicines which promote perspiration. Digestives. Mildly stimulating applications, which excite healthy action in indolent ulcers, wounds, &c. Digitalis. Fox-glove. Sedative and diuretic. It reduces the frequency of the pulse and diminishes irritability. It is poisonous to animals generally ; 6 gr. will kill a dog. It is asserted, however, that it produces no effect on % 18 YETEEINAET MATEEIA MEDICA poultry. The common dose of the powdered leaves for a horse, is from 10 to 30 gr. Mr. YorATT prescribes 60 gr., with emetic tartar and nitre, in inflammation of the chest; but its effect on the pulse must be carefuUy watched. To cattle, i dr. to 1 ch-. Sheep, 5 to 15 gr. Dogs, 1 to 2 gr. An infusion of the leaves is applied to inflamed eyes. Diuretics. Medicines wliich increase the flow of urine. Some of them, juniper, capivi, squills, broom, &c., appear to carry off water only; while the alkaline salts remove solid matters also, and thus purify the blood. Diuretics are employed to lessen the quantity of the circulating fluid in fevers and inflammations. The legs of many horses cannot be kept fine, nor the grease be subdued ^\'ithout the use of diuretics. Plenty of water should be allowed with them. But their too frequent use is injurious. Doa-aEASs. It is emetic to dogs. Dover's Powder. Sudorific to cattle, in rheumatism. Dose, 1 dr. Eggs. Nutritive and demulcent. Sometimes given in diarrhoea. They constitute the best antidote to poisoning by corrosive sublimate. ELATEBirii. It has little effect on the horse. Elder. An infusion of the flowers is given in catarrhal complaints. The leaves boiled with lard form an emol- lient ointment, which is a common application to sore udders. The fresh leaves of the dwarf elder are given (according to Bouegelat and Moiroud) with some suc- cess as a deobstruent and aperient, in swelled legs, di-opsy, and farcy. Elecampane. The root is reputed stimulant, diaphoretic, diuretic, stomachic, and expectorant. Dose, 4 to 8 dr. in chronic catarrh, dropsical swellings, indigestion, &c. Emetic Tartar. See Antimony, Tartarized. Emetics. Medicines which excite vomiting. It is scarcely possible to produce this effect in herbivorous animals. Emollients. Medicines which soften and relax the tissues of the organs. Epsom Salt. A cooling laxative. It is not to be depended on as a purgative for the horse ; but in doses of 4 or 5 oz., in a large quantity of water, repeated three times a day, it TETERINAKY MATERIA MEDICA 19 IS useful as a laxative and diuretic in inflammatory diseases. Cattle require from 12 to 20 oz., with ginger or any of the warm seeds. It is sometimes rendered more active by aloes or gamboge. Calves require from 1 to 2 oz., accord- ing to their age and strength. Sheep, ^ oz. to 2 oz. Dogs, from 1 to 3 dr. wrapi^ed in tissue paper. A large eleiihant takes a pomid and a half, preceded by a dr. of calomel. — YOFATT. Eegot of Rye. Styptic in haemorrhages of the Imigs, kidneys, and other organs. It pi'omotes parturition. Dose for a mare, 2 or 3 di-. A cow, 2 dr. repeated at intervals of half an hour. An ewe, 20 to 40 gr. " Bitch, 5 to 10 gr. [Mr. Spooner says from 2 to 4 gr.], or an infusion of a scruple given at three times, at intervals of half an hour. Larger doses than the above are indicated by M. MoiEOUD. Eeehines, Remedies which excite a discharge from the nostrils. EscHAEOTics. Caustics. Substances which destroy the sm*- face to which they are applied. Ethee. A diffusible stimulant and antispasmodic ; used chiefly in coUc. Dose, i oz. to f oz. ; cattle, ioz. to 1 oz.; dogs, 7 to 14 drops. It is used outwardly in cooling- lotions and eye-waters. The vapour, inhaled by means of a proper apparatus, produces insensibility to pain ; but some of the experiments with this agent have proved most unfortunate. Chloroform has almost universally supplanted it as an anaesthetic. Ethiops Mineeal. The mildest of the mercurial com- pounds. Alterative and vermifuge. Dose, 2 to 4 dr. daily in farcy, glanders, grease, skin diseases, and worms ; given alone, or with cream of tartar. For cattle, 1 dr. ; swine, 3 to 10 gr. ; dogs, 5 gr. in mange. With an equal weight of prepared antimony it forms Antimonial Ethiops — a more eflicient preparation. Euphoebium. Very acrid and poisonous. Used in blisters, chiefly to economise the more expensive flies ; but irritates extremely. It is applied in the form of tincture and oint- ment as a local stimulant. Excitants. Medicines which quicken the circulation, pro- duce warmth, and render the orgaiis more active. 20 VETBEINAEY MATEBIA MEDICA Fennel Seeds. A weak carminative and diuretic. Dose, i az. to 2 oz. Fern. Powdered male fern is given in doses of 6 dr., fol- lowed by a mercurial purgative, for expelling worms. M. MoiEOTJD carries the dose to 2 oz. ; or 5 or 6 di-. for smaller animals. Fenugreek Seeds. Emollient, nutritive, and stomachic. Dose, 1 oz. daily, to promote condition in horses, and in diseases of the chest. It is also added to the food of swine to promote their fattening. Used also externally in fomentations. Forge Water. The water of the blacksmith's shop is some- times given as a tonic, or applied as a wash to ulcerated and cankered mouth. Foxglove. See Digitalis. Galangal Root. A warm aromatic, similar in properties to ginger. Dose, 2 oz. of the powder, or 1 oz. in infusion. Galbanum. Stimulant, expectorant, and antispasmodic. Dose, 2 to 4 dr. But rarely used, Assafoetida being stronger and cheaper. Gall Nuts. Astringent ; in diarrhoea. Dose of the powder for horses and cattle, 2 to 4 dr. ; calves, 2 dr. to 1 dr. ; dogs, 4 to 8 gr. Gamboge. A drastic purgative. The dose for a horse is said to be from 2 to 6 dr., but its purgative effect cannot be depended on, and it gripes. 3 dr. have been known to cause great prostration, and the horse being killed, marks of intense inflammation were found in its stomach and bowels. It is a bad medicine for herbivorous animals. 2 dr. are sometimes added to salts and other purgatives for cattle. Sheep have been killed by 2 dr. A few grains are given to dogs to destroy and expel worms. Garlic. A stimulating expectorant. Dose, 1 oz. in chronic coughs and asthmatic complaints, made into balls with liquorice powder ; or boiled in milk. It is a common remedy for coughs and chest affections in all domestic animals. It is also reputed vermifuge. For the roup in fowls it is given in doses of 5 gr. Gentian Root. Tonic and stomachic ; in debility, after severe illness, &c. Dose for a horse, 2, 3, or 4 dr. of the powder; or from | dr. to 1 dr. of the extr.ict. (See YETElilNART MATERIA MEDICA 21 Vet. Formulary, Tonic Balls.) Cattle, 2 to 4 dr. or more. Sheep, 20 to 60 gr. Generally joined with ginger. An infusion is recommended as a wash to ulcers. Ginger. Stimulant and carminative; a general ingredient in cordial and tonic medicines. Dose, 1 to 3 dr., or in flatulent colic 2 to 6 dr. Cattle, 2 to 6 dr. Calves, 20 to 30 gr. Sheep, 30 to 60 gr. Tlie smaller of the above doses may be added to all aperient medicines. It is also used as a masticatory. Dose of the tincture, ^ oz. to 2 oz. Glass, Powdered. Used to destroy worms in dogs. Mr. Blaine recommends as much as will lie on a sixpence with butter. It must be in very fine powder. Glauber's Salt. Sulphate of Soda. Aperient and diuretic. Seldom given to horses as a purgative (Mr. Claeke says 1 lb produces scarcely any effect) ; but is said to be useful in doses of 6 oz. 3 times a day, in epidemic catarrh. To cattle the usual dose is 16 oz., or from 12 to 20 oz., with ginger or caraway. It is considered more diuretic than Epsom salts. Glycerin. Externally its prmcipal employment is as an emollient in skin affections, accompanied by dryness and irritation, to excoriations, cracked heels, burns, scalds, and freshly blistered surfaces. When mixed with an equal bulk of solution of subacetate of lead, it is very serviceable in allaying irritability. Often added to masses to prevent their hardening. Goulard's Extract oy Lead. Solution of Subacetate of Lead. Solution of Diacetate of Lead. Cooling and astringent. Used externally only, in lotions, &c., in the same cases as sugar of lead. (See Lead, Acetate of.) For mflamed eyes, 1 dr. or 1^ to a pint of distilled or boiled water ; for other purposes it is made stronger. Grains of Paradise. A warm stimulant ; cliiefly used in cattle medicines. Dose, 3 to 6 dr. Gruel. A decoction of oatmeal. Nutritive and demulcent. GuAiACUM [Gum]. Sudorific and expectorant. It has been given to horses, in doses of 4 dr., in chest affections, farcy, rheumatism, &c. ; and to cattle in doses of 4 or 6 dr. But its utility is doubted. The guaiacum wood is given to the amomit of 4 oz., iu decoction, repeated 2 or 3 times in 24 hours. 22 yETERl]SrAE.T MATERIA MEDICA Gum Aeabic. Emollient and demulcent. Used in inflamma- tory affections of the bowels, or of the respiratory or m-inary organs. Dose, for horses and cattle, 1 to 4 oz., dissolved in water. For smaller animals, from 3 oz. to 1 oz. It is also used to suspend in water insoluble powders and oils. Gum Senegal and gum tragacanth are used for the same purposes. The latter will thicken twenty times as much water as Gum Arabic. [For Gum Ammoniac, Ben- zoin, &c., see Ammoniacum, Benzoin, &c.] Haetshorx, Spirit of. See Ammonia. It is chiefly used as an ingredient in stimulating liniments, and for the bites and stings of venomous reptiles and insects. For salt of hartshorn, see Ammonia, Carbonate of. Hellebore, White. Poisonous to all classes of animals. In small doses, it has been strongly recommended as a nauseant and diaphoretic, in inflammatory diseases; but it requires to be very carefully watched, otherwise a fatal collapse may be induced. The usual dose is 20 gr. every foiu" or six hoTU's till nausea is produced, or the pidse affected. Mr. Youatt says it cannot safely be given in doses of a drachm, but that it is given with advantage in ounce doses in chronic grease. Externally, it is used in ointments and washes for the mange; but even in this way its use requires caution. It is also blown into the nostrils as a sternutatory. Hellebore, Black. The root is used as an irritating seton for cattle, and introduced into fistulous sores of the horse. Hemlock, Spotted. A narcotic poison. In doses of a drachm of the powdered leaves, or of the extract, gradually increased, it is sometimes given to quiet obstinate coughs. It is also an ingredient in some old remedies for farcy, scirrhous tumours, and cancer. For dogs, from 1 to 4 gr., in coughs and cancerous diseases. A decoction of the herb is used as a fomentation to painful tumours. Water hemlock is a more virulent poison, and often destroys cattle. 31. MoiROUD says that ruminants bear hemlock better than other animals. Mr. Youatt considers both common and water hemlock harmless to the horse, though he admits that cows have been poisoned by the latter. Henbaxe. Narcotic and sedative. Dose, ' 15 to 20 ixv. of ■VETEETNARY MATEEIA MEDICA 23 the powder [1 to 2 dr. of the extract, Moeton] twice or three times a day, to allay arterial action. On dogs it acts as on man : dose 3 to 5 gr. German horsedealers are said to give a plump appearance to diseased horses by mixing henbane seeds with their corn. Honey. Demiilccnt, emollient, and slightly laxative. Used in cough medicines, and to make up balls. Horses are fond of it. Externally, it is detergent, and is, perhaps, useful in defending ulcers from the air. Hops. Tonic and slightly anodyne, but chiefly used in fomentations. HoREHOTTND. Sonictimcs given in coughs ; a quart of the decoction, or 1 oz. of the powder. HoRSE-EADiSH. Stimulant and diuretic. Said to be useful in dropsical complaints, and in recent epidemics attended with chronic inflammation. The fresh root is rasped and mixed with barley meal. Iodide of Iron. Tonic and alterative, promoting the action of the absorbents. Dose, i dr. to 1 dr. Iodide op Potassium, or Htdriodate of Potash. It possesses the same properties as iodine, but irritates less. It is often combined with iodine, which it renders soluble in water. The dose, by itself, is rather larger than of iodine — from 15 to 30 gr. twice a day ; to cattle, 5 to 10 grains. Iodide of StriiPHTTE. Used externally in scabies and other skin diseases ; also applied to farcy ulcers, and indolent sores. Iodine. Alterative, and promotes absorption. Used ex- ternally and internally to reduce glandular swellings, and scirrhous and other tumours. 5 gr. of iodine, or 1-|- to 2 dr. of the compound tincture, may be given twice a day in farcy. Cattle take from 5 to' 10 gr., and from 1 to 2 dr. of the compound tincture. Dogs, j to 1 gr. twice_ daily. The compound iodine ointment is used to disperse glandular enlargements. It is rapidly superseding can- thai'ides. Ipecacuanha. Little used in veterinary practice, except as a sudorific, in combination wth opium (Dover's powder). A drachm or two may be given to horses in asthmatic affections. It purges sheep, purges or produces vomiting 24 TETERHSTART MATEUTA MEDICA in the pig and dog. Dose for the latter, 4 to 20 gr. [Prom 2 to 30 gr. — MoiEOUD.] 3 oz. killed a horse [Mr. B. Clarke]. Iron. The preparations of this metal are tonic ; some of them (as the snlphate and perchloride) astringent and styptic. The usual doses for a horse are, 2 oz. of iron filings, once or twice a day, with corn, or in a mash ; 1 to 3 or 4 dr. of the sulphate ; 2 to 6 dr. of the peroxide or carbonate, or of rust of iron, or of the powdered scales ; 1 to 3 dr. of tartarized iron ; and ^ to Ij dr. of the iodide, as an altera- tive, astringent, and tonic. Cattle, 2 to 4 dr. of the sulphate in chronic diarrhoea. For sheep, a sixth or eighth of the above doses. [M. Moiroud prescribes much larger doses than the above.] The tincture of perchloride of iron is prescribed in doses of 2 or 3 dr. for incontinence of lirine. The sulphate is sometimes used externally in astringent lotions. Jalap. Purgative, but has little or no such effect on the horse or other herbivorous animals. It is sometimes added to other purgatives, but probably without any benefit. Dose for swine, ^ dr. to 2 dr. Dogs, 1-5 to 40 gr. Cats, 10 to 20 gr. ; but it is rather uncertain. Jamaica Pepper. See Allspice. James's Powder. Similar to antimouial powder, but con- sidei'ed more certain and uniform in its operation. Dose, 20 to 30 gr. in fever and inflammatory complaints. It is also given to dogs as a remedy for distemper, 4 gr. twice a day. Kamala. Minute glands adhering to the capsules of Rottlera tlnctoria ; imported from India. Purgative, and anthelmintic for tapeworm. For horses, 1 to 2 oz. Dog, 1 to 3 dr. Given in the form of bolus. Jatropha Seeds. The seeds of the physic nut {J. ciircas) are given as croton seeds, doubling the dose. Jfniper Berries. Diuretic and slightly stimulant. Dose for a horse, 1 to 2 oz., or 1 to 2 dr. of the essential oil ; for cows, 2 or 3 oz. ; sheep, i to I oz. An extract from the berries (prepared by evaporating a clear decoction, or rather a cold infusion of the berries, to the consistence of treacle) is much used on the Continent as a vehicle for various remedies. TETERiyAEY MATEEIA MEDiCA 25 Kermes Mineral. A preparation of antimony, similar to the precipitated sulphuret (sulphide), not much used in this country but highly esteemed in France. Dose for horses, 1, 2, or 3 dr. For cattle, 4 dr. or more. For a good-sized dog, li- gr. gradually increased. Lard. Half a pound, ^\'ith warm water, is laxative and emollient. It is also used to make up balls, and is thought to prevent griping, as well as to preserve the consistence of the balls. It forms a common basis for ointments. LATJDANrM. Tincture of Opium. See Opium. Lavender. The compound spirit is carminative and cordial. Dose, 5 oz. in peppermint water. Lead. The preparations of this metal are poisonous. See Acetate of Lead, and Goulard's Extract of Lead. Lead, White and Red. Common ingredients in ointments and plasters. Also sprinkled on sores as desiccatives. They are likewise vised for dusting sheej) for the fly. Lime. Quicklime is sometimes used as a caustic ; the pow- der is dusted over foul ulcers, greasy heels, &c. Lime Water. Antacid and tonic. Sometimes given in diabetes, from 2 to 4 cpiarts. Used also as a wash for sores, and as an injection into the nostrils for glanders and chronic discharges. Mixed with linseed oil, it forms a liniment for bums. Lime, Chloride of. See Chloride of Lime. Linseed. Demulcent and pectoral. A decoction of the seed is very mucilaginous, and is used in colds, sore throats, and internal inflammations ; also to counteract the effects of corrosive and irritant poisons, and as a A'ehicle for more active medicines. Linseed meal is used for iMultices. Linseed oil is laxative. Dose for a horse, a pint, or a pint and a half ; for cattle, 1 or 2 pints ; sheep, 2 or 3 oz. Liquorice. Demulcent and pectoral, in coughs, &e. Dose, I oz. to 2 oz. of the powdered root ; or \ oz. of the foreign extract (Spanish or Italian juice). Liver of Sulphfr. See Sulphuret of Potassium. Lobelia inflata. It is poisonous to horses, and produces salivation in cattle ; but its remedial powers have not been ascertained. LoawooD. Astringent. 2 or 3 di'. of the extract, or a 26 TETEEIjrART MATEETA MEDlCA decoction of 3 or 4 oz. of the wood, may be given in diar- rhoea, &c. Lotions. Washes. Liquid applications, wath which external parts are bathed. Madder. Formerly supposed to be used in glanders and farcy, and as a preventive of the effects of the bites of venomous reptiles ; but it is nearly discarded from modern jjractice. It is sometimes given to pigs, but with what specific intention it is difficult to say. It colours the bones of animals fed with it. Magnesia. Antacid and laxative. From ^ oz. to 3 oz. to horses and cattle, with some warm carminative, in flatulent distension. To calves in diarrhoea, ^ oz. Either the com- mon or the calcified magnesia may be used. Magnesia, Sulphate of. See Epsom Salt. Mallow. Demulcent. A handful of the leaves is boiled in a quart of water. More frequently used as a lavement. The root of the marslimalloiv is preferred; a decoction of 2 or 4 ounces is given as a drink in both coughs and in- ternal inflammations, and used as a clyster, and as a fomentation. Malt. Nutritive, pectoral, and alterative. It is given, in the form of mashes, in chest affections, when no inflam- mation is present, and in grease, farcy, and mange. Manna. Slightly laxative and pectoral. Dose, 2 oz. with honey, or dissolved in water, in inflammatory diseases and chronic coughs. Mashes. See Bran Mash, &c., in Vet. Formulary. Meecurt, or QriCKSiLTEE. The preparations of this metal are alterative, most of them purgative, and all apt to pro- duce sahvation. Dogs may be easily salivated, but grami- nivorous animals with greater difficulty. The editor of ' Clatcr's Cattle Doctor ' says, " Mercury does not seem to agree with herbivorous animals, in any form or in any disease." The preparations in use are indicated below. Meecueial Lotion, Yellow. \ Stimulant to vmhealthy sores MEEcrRiAL Lotion, Black. ) and ulcers. Mercurial Ointment. Applied to callous swellings, en- larged joints, mange, scab in the sheep, &c. The weaker ointment is generally sufficiently strong. VETEEIKART MATERIA MEDTC'A 27 Mercury with Chalk. AlTcalized mercury. A mikl pre- paration. Dose, 1 to 3 dr., in farcy, glanders, &c. Mercurt, Subchloride of. See Calomel. Merctjrt, Bichloride (Perchloride, B.P.). See Corrosive Sublimate. Mercttry with Sulphur. Black Stdplmret, or Sulphide of Mercury. See Etliiops Mineral. Mercury, Red Sulphuret, or Sulphide of. See Cinnabar. Mercury, Nitric Oxide. See Red Precipitate. Mercury, Black Oxide. Dose, 1 to 2 dr. [Morton]. Mercury, Ammonio-Chloride. See Precij)itate, White. Mercury, Nitrated Ointment of. See Ointment, Citrine, in Vet. Formulary. Mercury, Acid Nitrate of. Used as a caustic. See CaiTstics, Vet. Formulary. Milk. Sometimes given in quantities of 1 to 3 quarts, in acute inflammation, coughs, and all internal irritations, especially those occasioned by acrid and corrosive poisons. It is a convenient vehicle for administering medicines to the dog or cat. Mindererus Spirit. See Acetate of Ammonia. Mint, and Peppermint. Carminative, cordial, and sudo- rific. A strong infusion of the plant, or the distilled water, may be given in flatulent colics. Dose, 1 or 2 pints ; used chiefly as vehicles for more active remedies. Dose of the oil of peppermint, 20 to 30 drops, or to 60 drops of oil of spearmint. A few drops of the oil are added to purgative medicines, to prevent griping. The other mints have similar properties. Mithridate. Cordial and anodyne, i oz. to 1 oz. may be given in flatulent colic, but woiild be injurious in inflam- mation. Mullein. An infusion of the flowers is given as a demul- cent for the same piu'pose as linseed tea. A decoction of the leaves is used in emollient fomentations and cataplasms. Muriatic (or Hydrochloric) Acid. Spirit of Salt. Tonic and antiseptic ; but principally used to dissolve calcareous concretions in the bladder. It has been used in the pestilent epidemics of cattle. Dose for a horse, Ij to 2 or 3 dr., in plenty of water, twice a day. Externally as a caustic, strongly recommended by Youatt. 28 TETEEINAET MATERIA MEDICA Muriate of Ammonia. Chloride of Ammonium, Sal Am- moniac, Kydrochlorate of Ammonia. Formerly used in influenza or epidemic catarrh. It is said also to have proved useful in farcy, and perhaps deserves trial in other chronic diseases. It renders the hlood more fluid. Its use requires caution. 2 oz. produced inflammation of the mucous membrane of a horse ; 2 dr. killed a dog, and 4 dr. a rabbit. M. MoiROUD states the dose to be from 2 to 8 dr. for horses and cattle, and for sjuall animals from a scruple to a drachm, largely diluted. Externally it is a frequent ingredient in discutient lotions to splints, old strains, bruises, indolent tumours, &c., in horses and cattle. It is also employed as an embrocation to sore teats. Muriate of Antimoxt. Chloride, Perchloride. See Anti- mony, Butter of. Muriate of Barttes. Muriate of Banjta, Chloride of Barium. Poisonous ; in small doses, alterative. It has been tried in glanders and farcy, with the usual ill success. Dose, \ dr. in milk. Muriate OF Copper. Chloride of Copper. Used externally only, as a mild caustic. Muriate of Lime. Chloride of Calcium. Alterative and resolvent, in glandular diseases ; but rarely used in vete- rinary practice. It has been proposed in glanders and farcy. In an overdose it is poisonous. We have not met with any specific statement of doses. 3i di'achms killed a dog. Muriate of Soda. Chloride of Sodium. See Salt, common. Mustard. Stimulant ; but little used as an internal remedy. Flour of mustard, with or without vinegar, is applied ex- ternally as a rubefacient, to relieve internal inflannnation. Mylabris. Chinese Blistering Fly. Its vesicant proper- ties are due to the presence of cantharadin. Physiologi- cal effects the same as cantharides, except that it is said not to affect the kidneys when topically applied. Myrrh. Tonic, expectorant, antiseptic, and balsamic. From 1 to 3 dr. to a horse, in chronic cough. To cattle, 2 to 4 dr., or more. The tincture is used for ulcers of the mouth in all animals, and to indolent sores. Naphtha. Kectified wood naphtha is used instead of spirit of \\ine, for making tincture of myrrh and aloes. This TETEEINART MATERIA MEDICA 29 spirit may be given also in 2-oz. doses internally, forming an admirable stimulant and diaphoretic. Naphthalin. a stimulating exi^ectorant. It possesses many of the properties of camphor, and a solution of it in spirit may be substituted for camphorated spirit. With oils and lard it may be used in the form of liniment and ointment. The ointment is substituted for tar ointment. Narcotics. Medicines which induce stupor or sleep, and ease pain. Nauseants. Medicines which produce nausea, diminish arterial action, and thus abate inflammation. Nettle Seed. It is said when given with the horse's corn, to produce a smooth coat, and to impart an appearance of condition and liveliness. NiTEE. Nitrate of Potash. Cooling and diuretic. In colds, fevers, and inflammatory complaints of the horse, from 2 to 4 dr. may be given daily, in plenty of water, or linseed tea, till the desired effect is produced. An ounce is often given, but smaller doses repeated are better. Cattle, 2 to 4 dr. [1 oz. in 21' hours for some days. — Moieoud.] Swme and sheep, 30 to 40 gr. ; dogs, 4 to 10 gr. A strong solution is applied to gangrenous wounds. NiTEic Acid, Niteous Acid, or Aqua fortis. Used extern- ally only, as a strong caustic ; or largely diluted (2 dr. to a pint of water) as an antiseptic wash to foul ulcers. Nitrate oe Silver. Lunar Caustic. Tonic ; but rarely given to annuals, except to dogs in chorea, in doses of ^ to i of a gr. Externally cavistic. It is the best ■caustic that can be apjilied to the bites of rabid animals. A weak solution (10 gr. to 1 oz. rain-water) is used to excite sluggish wounds, and to remove opacity from the cornea of the eye. NxTX Vomica. Poisonous to all animals. Given in doses of 8 to 10 gr., gradually increased to 30 gr., in paralysis of the horse ; but its effect requires to be carefully watched. It has been tried in glanders and farcy, but without much success. In small doses it invigorates the digestive func- tions. The French veterinarians are stated to have some- times given Nux Vomica with good effect in amaurosis and stringhalt in horses, and chorea in dogs, particularly •when accompanied by debility. A few grains will 30 VETEBINAEY MATERIA MEDICA destroy a dog. A drachm has killed a horse. See Stryclmla. NuTGALLS. See (jall-uuts. Nutmegs. Stimulant, and perhaps narcotic. Sometimes given in coUc, but not much in use. Oak Baek. Astringent and tonic. Dose, ^ oz. to 2 oz., in powder, or boiled in water, for diarrhoea, diabetes, and debility in horses. To cattle, in dysentery, and in red- water (after purgatives), i oz. to 1 oz. The powdered bark and the decoction are applied to unhealthy wounds, &c. In France, a mixture of oak-bark, gentian, and chamomile, is used as a substitute for Peruvian bark. Oil, Fish. Common whale oil is a good preventive of the fly, and does not injure the wool. Oil of Spike. As sold for veterinary pm-poses, it consists of tm'pentine, colom-ed, and merely scented with foreigii oil of lavender. It is used in warm Imiments. Oil of Tcepentine. See Turpentine. Oil of Tah. See Tar. Oils, Expressed. Olive, almond, and linseed oils are laxa- tive, demulcent, and emollient. Dose, 3 to 16 oz., or a pint. In the latter dose they are given (especially linseed oil) as a substitute for castor oil : they are harmless, but rather uncertain in their operation. (See Castor Oil.) They are useful in poisoning by acrid and corrosive poisons. Olive oil is used, both inwardly and outwardly, as a remedy for the bites of reptiles and stings of insects. Externally the expressed oils are used in liniments and ointments. Oil of bays is gently stimulant and anti- spasmodic, but chiefly used outwardly. Oils, Essential or Volatile. The essential oils of pep- permint, cloves, aniseed, caraway, &c., possesses in a con- centrated state the warm carminative properties of the drugs from which they are distilled. They are frequently added to purgative medicines to prevent griping. Oil of juniper is diuretic, in doses of 1 to 3 dr. Oil of origanum is almost exclusively used outwardly in stimulating lini- ments. Oil of bitter almonds is poisonous. Oils, Empteeumatic. Oil of amber and other empyreu- matic oils are antispasmodic ; but mostly used in outward applications. The fetid oil, called Dippel's Animal Oil VETEEINART MATERIA MEDICA 31 (or oil of hartshorn), is sometimes given as a warm medi- cine, in doses of 1 oz. (sometimes increased to 2 oz.) to horses, or a drachm to small animals. As an outward appUcation, it is sometimes added to powders against the fly in sheep; but injm-es the wool. Oils of paper or rag are empyreumatic fluids obtained by burning these sub- stances. Mixed with water, they are used in inflammation of the eyes, mouth, &c. Oils, Compound, See Oils and Liniments in the Veteruiary Formulary. Ointments. See Vet. Formulary, Olive Oil. See Oils, Expressed. Onions. Stimulant and diuretic. They are said to be useful in colic and gripes. Externally used in poultices to promote suppuration. Opium. Anodyne, antispasmodic, sedative, indirectly astrin- gent, and in large doses narcotic and stupefactive, and capable of destroying life. In combination with ipecacu- anha and tartarized antimony it is sudorific. The dose for horses in ordinary cases is from ^ dr. to 1 dr. But in locked-jaw, spasmodic colic, and other urgent cases, it may safely be given in doses of 2 dr., and even (according to Moieoud) to 4 dr. Yottatt states the dose as 1 dr. to 3 dr. In inflammation of the bowels, after bleeding, it is recommended to give 2 dr. at once, and 1 dr. every hour afterwards until it takes effect. To cattle, the dose is from 10 to 40 gr. ; or in locked-jaw, &c., 1 dr. Calves, 10 gr. Sheep, 2 to 4 gr. Much larger doses have been given with impunity. Dogs require from ^ gr. to 2 gr., accord- ing to size and case. M. Moieoud says the dose for dogs should not exceed that prescribed for man. Mr. Blaine thinks they are much less affected by it than men. The dose of tincture of opium is (for horses) from 1 to 2 oz. ; of the extract 20 to 30 gr. Externally, opium is used in anodyne hniments, and is useful in inflammation of the eye. See Eye-waters, Liniments, &c., in Vet. Formulary. Opodeldoc. Soap liniment. Used externally only in sti- n^ulating liniments. Oeiganum. Wild Marjoriim. Stimulant. The essential oil is hot and pungent, and a frequent ingredient in lini- ments for old strains, and in blisters. 32 TETEEINART MATERIA MEDICA Okpiment. Yellow Arsenic. Poisonous. Used, mixed with lard, for fistulous sores, warts, &c., l)ut is not free from danger. OxTMEL. Cooling and pectoral. "Used in catan-hal affec- tions. Dose, 3 to 4 oz. OxYMEL OF Squills. A stimulating expectorant. Seldom used in veterinary practice. Palm Oil. Emollient. Used in compounding ointments and liniments ; and of late much commended as a basis of aloetic and other balls. It has also been given as a laxa- tive ; dose, 12 oz. or more. Peppermint. Carminative. The distilled water and the essential oil are chiefly used. See Mint. Peppeh, Black, White, and Long. Warm stimulant, cordial ; the latter kind is cliiefly used in veterinary practice. It must be carefully avoided in inflammatory complaints. Dose for horses and cattle, 2 to 4 dr. For Jamaica Peppei-, see Allspice. Pepper, Cayenne. The ground pods of some species of capsicum. See Capsicum. Periwinkle. The i^lant, in decoction or chopped up in a mash, is said to relieve quinsy. Pulverized and mixed ■\\-ith Etldops Mineral, it has been vaiinted as a remedy for glanders. Peruvian Bark. See Bark, Peruvian. Petroleum. See Barbadoes Tar. Pewter. The scrapings are given to dogs for worms. Dose, 2 dr. to 1 dr. Tin fiUngs are safer. See Tin. Phellandrium. The seeds of water-fennel {Ph. aquaticum) are used in Germany in chronic catarrhal affections. Dose, i oz. to 1 oz. Physic. In veterinary practice this term is applied to pur- gatives. See Physic or Purging Balls, Vet. Formulary. Pimento. See Allspice. Pitch. Stimidant, balsamic, probably diuretic; but rarely given internally. It is more frequently used externally in charges and warm plasters. For liquid pitch, see Tar. Pitch, Burgundy. Stimulant. Used in charges, and warm and strengthening plasters. Pomegranate. The rind of the fruit is given (in decoction or powder) as an astringent to cattle in diarrhoea. Dose, TETEEilfAEY MATERIA MEDlCA 33 from i oz. to 1 oz. Tlio bark of the root is used to de- stroy worms. MoiROUD directs 5 or 6 oz. to be boiled iu water for some hours, and tlie decoction given in divided doses. Poppy Heads. Anodyne ; but princiiDally used in fomen- tations. (See also Syrup of Poppies.) An extract pre- pared by evaporating the expressed juice of the ripe cap- sules and tops, is said to be nearly half the strength of oiiium. Of the ordinary extract (from the decoction) 5 gr. are said to equal 2 of opium. — Lebas. Potash Caustic. Fused Hydrate of Potash, A powerful caustic. Potash, Carbonate. Salt of Tartar or Prepared Kali. Antacid and diuretic. Dose for a horse, from 2 to 4 dr. or more. It is seldom given alone, but sometimes joined with tonics, stomachics, purgatives, and with other diu- retics. The bicarbonate is milder, and may be given in larger doses. Potash, Permanganate of. 4 gr. dissolved in 1 oz. of dis- tilled water, forms a useful cleansing wash for diseased surfaces. Poultices. Ai-e useful in relieving inflammation and pain. See Vet. Formulary. Precipitate, Red. A mild caustic, and detergent to in- indolent and foul ulcers. Precipitate, White. Principally used to destroy vermin in the horse and other animals. Prussiate op Potash. Ferro-cyanide of potassium may probably be found useful in veterinary practice j but its properties and uses are not yet p-operly ascertained. It must not be confounded with cyanide of potassium, which is an energetic poison. See Cyanide of Potassium. Prussic Acid. Hydrocyanic Acid. The diluted acid of the B. P. (Medicinal.) A strong poison to all animals. Rarely used in veterinary practice. May be given by enema in tetanus. In medicinal doses, sedative, anti- spasmodic, and anodyne. Used in chronic cough, chorea, epilepsy, chronic vomiting, palpitation of the heart, and rheumatism. Professor Tuson jirescribcs from 20 to 30 minims for horses. Antidotes. — Fresh air, affusions of cold water ; inhalation of ammonia ; iiioist peroxide of iron 3 34 VETEEINAET MATEEIA MEDICA mixed with an alkaline carbonate. The dose Mr. Mobton states to be from J dr. to 1 dr. Mr. Yotjatt recommends a lotion composed of a di-achm of the medicinal acid in a pint of water, to allay cuticular irritation in dogs. Pulse. The following table, from Vatel, is inserted as a useful remembrancer to the practitioner : Table of the Number of Pulsations in a Minute in various Animals. — In the horse, 32 to 38 [36 to 40 — White] ; ox or cow, 35 to 42 [42 to 45 — Clatee ; 50 to 55 — Spoonee] ; ass, 48 to 54 ; sheep, 70 to 79 ; goat, 72 to 76 ; dog, 90 to 100; cat, 110 to 120; rabbit, 120; guinea-pig, 140; duck, 136 ; hen, 140 ; heron, 200. Ptjegatives. Cathartics or Laxatives. Medicines which more or less strictly promote evacuations from the bowels. Aloes is almost the only i^urgative for the horse, that is at once certain and safe. For cattle, Epsom or Glauber's salt is the most preferable. Aloes, gamboge, or linseed or castor oil, is sometimes combined vAt\\ them. Sulphur is used when a very strong purgative is not required ; yet this demands some caution. Refer to these various articles. Quassia. A tonic bitter. Dose, 1 or 2 dr., with a little ginger, in debility of the stomach. Its poisonous efEects on insects and small animals suggest caution in its use. QuiCKSiLVEE. See Mercury. Quinine, Sulphate of. Tonic. Dose, i dr. to 1 dr. recommended liy Mr. Moeton in the prostration which follows influenza. But too expensive for general use. It is given to dogs in chorea, in doses of 2 to 5 gr. Ragwoet. The herb is said to produce a kind of lethargy or staggers in horses and cattle. Externally it is used as a poultice in quinsy. Raking. Remo\'ing hardened fseces from the lower- bowel by the hand. Ranunculus eepens. Acrid stimulant. It is poisonous to sheep. Reed. The great reed (Arundo donas), and the Bankside reed (Arundo jihragmitis), are reputed diuretic. The former is supjiosed to have the property of diminishing the secretion of the milk. Refeigeeants. Cooling Medicines. See Temperants. Resin ok Rosin. Diiu-etic. i oz. to 1 oz. may be given TETERINAEY MATERIA MEDICA 35 daily to horses in tlieir corn, for swelled legs. The yeUow or amber resin is preferable. Externally it is adhesive and gently stimulatuig ; and is a common ingredient in digestive ointments, and in plasters and charges. Rhododendron. Supposed to be laseful in the rheumatism of cattle. Dose, i oz. to 1 oz., boiled in water. Ehubakb. Tonic and stomacliic. Scarcely laxative to large animals. From i to 1 oz. is given in jaundice, to horses and cattle. On dogs it acts as a pm-gative, but an micertam one, in doses of i dr. to 1 di*. ROSEJIAEY. A mild stimulant and carminative. The essen- tial oil is chiefly used in wann liniments and ointments ; but is sometunes given in doses of i dr. to 1 or 2 di-. in colic. Efe. Stimulant, uterine, antispasmodic, and vermifuge. It is also supposed to resist contagion and poisons. A - decoction or infusion of 2 to 4 oz. of the fresh herb in water or beer is given for worms ; as an antidote to the bite of vipers ; with diiu-etics in farcy ; with box leaves as a preventive of hydrophobia ; and with camphor and opium in locked-jaw. The bruised leaves are put into horses' ears for the staggers. It is given to poultry for the cure of roup. Externally, rue is used in fomentations as a stimulant, antiseptic, and discutieut. Saffeon. Cordial, antispasmodic, and uterine; but too weak and expensive for veterinary use. Sage. Stimulant and tonic. In habitual relaxation of the bowels. The powder may be given in a ball, or the herb infused. The infusion is used as a mouth'wash. Sago. Nutritive and demulcent. Used ui the form of gruel. St. John's Woet. Vuhierary. The flowers were formerly an ingredient in Feyae'b Balsam, and other similar com- pounds. An infused oil of the plant is sometimes used in liniments. Sal Ammoniac. See Muriate of Ammonia. Sal Peunella. Fused Nitre. Its uses and doses are the same as nitre. Salicin. Tonic. Dose, 10 to 30 gr. Salt, Common, or Culinaet. In small doses it is to.iic, digestive, and alterative ; in large doses purgative and 36 YETElllNAllY MATERIA MEDlCA vermifuge. As a digestive, 1 oz. may be sprinkled on the horse's corn. As a purgative, or to expel worms, the dose may be from 4 to 6 oz. It is also a common ingi'edieut in laxative clysters. For cattle, an omice or more may he sprinkled on the hay, to assist digestion ; as a purgative 4 to 8 oz. may be given, but it is not suitable in inflam- matory or febrile diseases. Sheep require 2 oz. as a pur- gative ; or smaller doses daily as a preventive of the rot. To dogs, a teaspoonf ul or one and a half teaspoonfuls will act as an emetic; smaller doses as a vermifuge. Half a teaspoonful of a solution of salt, as strong as it can be made, is given to poultry as an emetic in roup. Exter- nally, salt dissolved in water is used as a discutient, as a stimulant to old strains, and as a coUyrium in chronic ophthabnia. Salts, Epsom and Glaubee's. See Epsom Salts, and Glauber's Salts. Saesaparilla, and China Eoot, are diaphoretic and altera- tive ; but seldom used in veterinary practice. Saa'IN. An acrid stimulant. The powder is given in doses of 1 to 2 dr. (with, or followed by aloes) for worms, but its efficacy is doubtful. Long-continued use of savin is re- ported to have occasioned the hair to fall off. Externally it is applied, ur powder or ointment, to warts. ScAMMONY. An uncertain as well as expensive piu'gative, far inferior to aloes. ScrTELLAEiA. ShuU-cap. Mr. Yoxtatt and others regard this plant as a preventive of hydrophobia. Dose, 40 gr. daily, gi'adually increased. Sea Watee. Laxative. Dose, 2 or 3 pints. Sedatives. Medicines which produce quiet, and relieve pain. Senna. Purgative ; but rarely used in veterinary practice. 5 or 6 oz. are required to purge a horse. Seepentaet. Stimulant, tonic, diaphoretic, and antiseptic. It is also supposed to coiuiteract the effects of the bites of sei-pents, &c. Dose, from | oz. to 1 oz. or more; but rarely used. Setons. These consist of cord, tape, or a mixture of horse- hair and hemj) twisted together ; they are inserted through a portion of the skin to excite irritation and discharge. VETEEIls'ART MATERIA MEDIC'A 37 Mr. MoBTON uses cotton cord soaked in a cantliaridal liquid. See No. 15, Blistering Liniments, Vet. F. SiMARXTBA. Tonic and stomachic, for the same jrarposes as gentian. Seldom used. Soap. Antacid and diuretic. Dose, 5 oz. to 2 oz. Soda. Prepared natron, carhonate, or suhcarbonate of soda. The common washing soda is generally sufficiently pure. Antacid and diuretic. Dose, 2 to 4 dr. It is sometimes added to aloes as a corrective of acidity, and to tonics in weakness of the stomach. The bicarbonate of soda is milder, and may be given in larger doses. Soda, Chloride of. See Chloride of Soda. Soda, Hyposulphite of. Action, uses and doses, as Sul- phite of Soda. Soda, Sulphate of. See Glauber's Salt. Soda, Sulphite of. Sodium Sidpliite. Internally : — anti- septic, dishifectant, and alterative. Given in indigestion, tympanitis, and in so-called blood diseases. Externally : — antiseptic, deodorising, and disinfectant. Employed in ulcerated sore-throat, and phage<;l£enic wounds and ulcers. Dose for the horse, 1 to ^ oz. Cattle, 2 to 4 oz. Sheep, 2 to 6 dr. Pig, 2 to 6 dr. Dog, 20 to 60 gr. Frequently repeated. Sodium, Chloride of. The modern name of common salt. See Salt, Common. Soot. Some French veterinarians prescribe from 2 to 3 oz. of soot as a vermifuge. Also used externally in mange, &c. We presume wood-soot is intended. Spermaceti. Demulcent and pectoral. Dose, i oz. to horses in cough ; and to cows, after calving. Externally emollient, in ointments. Spider's Web. Externally, styptic. Internally, has been given to dogs in convulsive fits, in ^-gr. doses. Spirit of Hartshorn. This ammoniacal liquor is stimu- lant, antacid and antispasmodic. Dose, i oz. But more frequently used in stimulating liniments, and as an appli- cation to the bites and stings of venomous reptiles and insects. A diluted solution of Caustic Ammonia is mostly used as a substntute. Spirit of Sal Volatile. This also owes its pungency to ammonia. Dose, ^ oz. Spirits, Ardent, Brandy, gin, and rum are given as stimu- 38 TETE'RT?5'ATtT MATERIA MEDTCA lants and antispasmodics, especially in colic. Dose, from 2 to 4 or 5 oz. -n-ith warm water. Eectified spirit of wine may be given in the same way, in smaller doses (1 to 2 oz.) ; but is more commonly employed for making tinc- tures; and externally in lotions. Spirit of MiNDEEEErs. See Acetate of Ammonia Solution. Spieit of NiTiiE, Sweet. Sinrit of Nitroiis TltTier. Diu- retic, diaphoretic, and antispasmodic. Dose for horses, in fever, \ oz., 3 times a day. In colic, from \ oz. to 2 oz. Cattle, \ oz. to 1 oz. in low fevers. Sheep, 1 cb'. Dog, from 10 to 20 drops. Squill. A stimulating expectorant. Dose for a horse, 1 dr. ; for cattle, 1^ to 2 dr. It is also applied in frictions to the abdomen. MorROUD has seen it remove ascites. Starch. Demulcent. Chiefly used in clysters, but some- times also in drinks. Dose, 1 to 2 oz., rubbed smooth with a little cold water, and then boiled in 3 or 4 pints of water. It is occasionally used in fomentations. Stavesacre Seeds. Poisonous. 2 dr. will destroy a horse. Only used outwardly to destroy vermin, either powdered and mixed vA'Cix grease, or infused in vinegar. Steel, Salt of. See Iron, Sulphate of. For the other preparations (so called) of steel, see Iron. Stimulants. See Excitants. Diffusible stimulants are those which produce a sudden and temporary excitement of the circulation and of the nervous system. Stomachics. Medicines which invigorate the stomach and l^romote digestion. Stoppings. Compositions employed to keep the feet moist and supple. The term is also applied to mechanical plugs for the feet when they are dry and diseased, as cow-dung, clay, tar, &c. Storax. Balsamic and expectorant. Dose, \ oz. Rarely used. Strychnia. The active principle of nux vomica : chiefly used in paralysis. Dose, 1 to 3 grains ; to be very cau- tiously increased if necessary : 15 grains have proved fatal. Dose for the dog, l-16th to "l-8th of a grain. Styptics, Astringent applications employed locally to stop bleeding. StTBLiMATE, CoEEOSlTE. Perchloride of Mercury. Sec Cor- rosive Sublimate. VETERiyART MATERIA MEDICA 39 Sfgae, Steup, and Teeacie. These are used to sweeten drinks ; and to give form to balls and other compounds. SuGAE OF Lead. See Lead, Acetate of. Sulphate of Coppee. Blue Stone. See Copper, Sul- jihate of. Sulphate of Ieon. See Iron, Sulphate of. Sulphate of Magnesia. See Epsom Salts. Sulphate of Potash. Purgative ; but seldom used. Dose, 2 to 4 ounces, in colic, &c. Sulphate of Quinine. Tonic. Dose, | dr. to 1 dr. Sulphate of Soda. See Glauber's Salt. Sulphate of Zinc. White Vitriol. See Zinc, Sidphate of. SuLPHUE, OE Brimstone. It is in 3 forms — roU brimstone, flowers of sulphiu', and black brimstone or sulphur vivum. The flowers arc generally used. The black is very impure, and sometimes contains arsenic. Sulphur is laxative, alterative, and pectoral. Dose, to horses, as an alterative in skin diseases, grease, want of condition, &c., 1 oz. As a laxative, 4 or 5 oz., biit it is rai'cly employed with this view, and very large doses are not always safe. To cattle, as a laxative, 6 or 8 oz. Sheep, 2 or 3 oz. Dogs, 1 dr. in milk. Swdne, 2 dr. It is used outwardly iu ointments, for mange in all animals. As an alterative it is usually combined with autimonials and nitre. Sulphueet of Ieon. Sulphide of Iron. It has been used in ha?morrhage, dysentery, and worms. The hydrated persulphnret (see Ferri persialphuretum hydratum, Pocket Formulary) is strongly recommended by Bouchaedat as an antidote for metallic poisons ; also as a remedy for incipient farcy. Dose, 1| oz. to 8 oz. Sulphueet of Mercuet. Sulphide of Mercury. See Ethiops Mineral, and Cinnabar. Sulphueet of Potash. Potassii Sulphidum. Sulphuret of Potassium. Mr. Blaine prescribes 2 dr. with astrin- gents, in diabetes. In large doses it is poisonous. SuLPHUEic Acid. Poisonous. The strong acid {oil of vitriol) is used as a powerful caustic. It is also used in ointments, or mixed with tar to form an external application. In small doses, about 1 to 2 dr., iilentifuUy diluted ; it is rarely given as a tonic. The diluted acid (1 oz. to a pint) is used as a lotion in grease, foul ulcers, &c. 40 TETEEIXART MATERIA MEDICA SuPEETAETRATE (Bitabteate) OF PoTASH. See Cream of Tartar. SYEtrp OF BrcKTHOEN. Purgative. Seldom given to horses, except when used in forming powders into balls. Dose for cattle 2 oz. to 4 oz. -with castor oil. A common physic for dogs ; dose, 2 to 4 dr. Syeup of Poppies. A mild anodyne and sedative. Dose for dogs, 1 dr. Seldom given to large animals. Tannin (ob Tannic Acid). The astringent principle of nutgalls. A powerful astringent in diarrhoea, &c. Dose, 5 to 10 gr. Catechu is more generally used. Tansy. Tonic and vermifuge. Externally in fomenta- tions. Tar. Internally in old coughs, from 2 to 4 dr. Externally it is cleansing and gently stimulating. It is particularly useful in thrushes and all diseases and wounds of the feet, both of horse and cattle, to punctured wounds, and for the cure of mange and other skin diseases. Mixed with fish oil, it is applied with a brush to hard, brittle feet. Tar water (see Pocket Formulary) is also given in chronic coughs. Oil or spirit of tar is used in mange ointments, and as a dressing for sheep. The latter requires some caution, sheep having been killed by it. Tar, Baebadoes. A black liquid bitumen exuding from the earth. Its properties for the most part resemble those of tar. Taetae Emetic. See Antimony, Tartarized. Tea. " Tonic, in simple indigestion, or when connected with staggers" (Delafond). Dose, 4 to 6 dr. infused in 3 or 4 pints of water. Temperants. Medicines which moderate the circulation, and reduce animal heat. Tin. Vermifuge. A di'achm of the filings daily to dogs. A horse requires from 1 to 3 oz. Tobacco. An acro-narcotic poison. In small doses, diuretic and emetic. Principally used as a wash for the mange, and to destroy lice and fly in sheep. But it is not altogether safe, as it is apt to be absorbed. It vomits the dog, pig, and cat ; but there are safer emetics. Herbi- vorous animals are less readily affected by it, but instances of its having proved fatal to them are recorded. In some TETERINART MATERIA MEDICA 41 parts of France, jockeys are said to stupefy vicious horses for sale, by tobacco infused in spirits. Tonics. Medicines wliich give tone to the fibres, and invigorate the system when relaxed and debilitated. The principal tonics used in veterinary medicines are gentian, Peruvian bark, chamomile and other vegetable bitters and astringents ; and the preparations of iron, copper, arsenic, zinc, &c. The over free use of them, particularly when fever and inflammation are present is a frequent source of miscliief. TORMENTIL Root. Astringent. Dose, 1 oz. to 1^ oz. Its presence in pastures is supposed to prevent the rot in sheep. TuEBiTH, Mineral. Suhsulphate of Mercury. An irritating purgative, and in large doses poisonous. Dose, ^ dr. in farcy. Given to dogs as an emetic ; dose, 1 gr. to 3 gr. Turmeric. A weak aromatic stimulant. Supposed to be useful in jaundice or yellows. Dose, 1 oz. Turpentines. They are all stimulant, diuretic, and expec- torant ; and in larger doses, vermifuge and purgative. Dose of common turpentine, 4 oz. to 1 oz. They are used in digestive ointments. Oil or spirit or turpentine is a more stimulating diuretic, in doses of 2 to 4 dr. ; it is also considered efficacious as an antispasmodic in colic (gripes), and as a remedy for worms. Dose for the latter purposes from 2 oz. to 4 oz., or sometimes still larger doses. To cattle (in hooze, from worms in the bronchial passages), about 2 oz. To sheep, in rot, 1 dr. It is not a safe medi- cine for dogs ; but is sometimes given in doses of 2 dr. with olive oil. Externally it is used in stimulating lini- ments, embrocations, ointments, &c. It is very irritating to the skin of the horse, and also of the dog, instantly producing great excitement. Like the common and Venice turpentine, it enters into the composition of some digestive ointments. UvA Ursi. Bearlerry. Astringent. Dose, 4 to 6 dr. m diabetes. Girarde says it inflames the stomach. Valerian. A stimulant acting chiefly on the nervous system. Dose, for horses and cattle 1 to 4 oz. in powder. 2 oz. twice a day have been given to a horse without any observable effect. In dogs it is said to act as a vermifuge. Pose, 1 to 4 dr. 42 TETE-RTXAET MATERIA MEDICA Y'EEDIGEIS. Suhacetate [or Biacetate) of Copper. Tonic, caustic, poisouoiis. It lias been given in doses of 1 dr. to 2 dr. daily, in farcy and glanders. Externally deter- gent and caustic, in ointment, and in tlie form of ^gyp- tiacum. The crystallized acetate of copper is more powerful in its action. VEEJnCE. Properties and uses the same as of vinegar ; but preferred by some for outward use. Veemilion. See Cimiabar. YiXEGAE. Diaphoretic, cooling, and antiseptic. In com- bination with honey, it is used in coughs. In large quantities, it irritates the stomach ; a pint is said to have destroyed a horse. It should always be plentifully diluted. Vinegar which contains much sulphuric acid should be avoided. It is chiefly used as an external application, as a lotion for strains, bruises, sprains, and inflammations ; and hot as a revulsive. The vapours are thought to possess dis- infecting properties, but are less effectual than chlorine. ViTEiOLATED Zixc. White Vitriol. See Zinc, Sulphate of. ViTEiOL, Blue. See Sulphate of Copper. Walxxtt. The green shells are astringent, and sometimes applied, bruised, as a cataplasm, or in a decoction as a lotion. Water. Besides its use as a drink, and as a vehicle for medicine, water is used remedially, on the hydropathic system. Bags wetted with cold water, and well covered with dry ones, are used to produce perspii'ation, their opera- tion being assisted by copious draughts of cold water, adding 4 oz. of sweet spirit of nitre to each pailful. This treat- ment is said to have succeeded in epidemics of pleuro- pneumonia. Wax. Chiefly used in making cerates, plasters, charges, &c. Whet. A cooling and nutritive drink in inflammatory dis- eases, and (luring convalescence from them. Willow Baek. Possesses in some degree the same pro- perties as Peruvian bark. Dose, in powder or decoction, 1 to 4 oz. Wine. Stimulant. In wine countries it is frequently given as a restorative. Port -wine has been given as an astrin- gent in obstinate diarrhoeas. Dose for horses and cattle, i pint to a bottle. TETERT'N'ITIT MATEUTA MEDICA 43 Winter Baek. A warm tonic and stomachic. Doee, 2 to 6 dr. WOLFS-BANE. Aconite, MonJcsliOod. A ^•irulent poison. WoEM-wooB. A bitter tonic and vermifuge. An infusion of from 2 to 4 oz. of the dry, or twice as much as the fresh herb, may be given in dropsy, and diseases of general debility ; or from 2 to 4 dr. of the powder may be given in a ball. A few drops of the essential oil are often added to aloes, &c. for worms. WoET. See Malt. Yew. It is not used medicinally. The leaves are poisonous to horses and cattle, producing symptoms which resemble those of appoplexy. To counteract its efPect, it is recom- mended to give 10 gr. of croton meal, and afterwards drenches of "gruel and vinegar. The croton to bo re- peated in 6 hours if it has not operated. Zedoaet. a weak aromatic stimulant, formerly prescribed in jaundice, but now rarely employed. It is weaker than ginger. Zixc Carboxate. Applied externally as a desslcant, stimu- lant and astringent. Zinc, Chloride of. In solution this constitutes Sir W. Burnett's disinfecting fluid. Much diluted it is applied as a detergent lotion to foul ulcers. The dry salt is a powerful caustic. Zinc, Oxide of. Floiuers of Zinc. A mild astringent and tonic ; dose i^ oz. ; but chiefly used in dusting ulcers and excoriations, to promote skinning. Zinc, Sttlphate of. White Vitrol. Tonic. Dose, for the horse, 1 to 4 dr., frequently combined with cantharides, Externally, astringent, detersive, styjitic, and healing; in lotions and ointments, to indolent ulcers, grease, &c.. It is a frequent ingredient in eye-waters, — about 3 gr. to an ounce of water. A saturated solution is used as an injection for quitters. VETERINARY FORMULARY glcMcints for fors^s BALLS AND BALL MASSES The roots, seeds, and other dry substances are to be reduced to powder; and it is of importance that the aromatic seeds, especially, should have been recently powdered. The drugs should be of good quality. It is hoped that the trash sold as horse-powders will not much longer be known in establishments which have any pretensions to respectability. After this general notice, it will be unnecessary to occupy space by repeating the words " powdered," " freshly powdered," " genuine," &c. Balls should not be too hard, but merely stifB enough to retain their form, and should be wrapped in soft paper. [J/ofZe of Administering Balls. — The horse should be backed into the stall, the tongue drawn gently out with the left hand on the off side of the mouth, and then fixed by pressing the fingers against the side of the lower jaw. The ball, being now taken between the tips of the fingers of the right hand, must be passed rapidly np the mouth, as near the palate as possible, until it reaches the root of the tongue ; it must then be delivered with a slight jerk, so, that, the hand being immediately withdrawn, and the tongue liberated, the ball may be forced through the pharynx into the oesophagus. A slight tap under the chin may then be given, or a draught of water to assist in carrying it down.] BALLS AjS^D ball MASSES 45 COMMON MASS, as a basis for balls in general. Mix with the hand equal weights of linseed meal and treacle, and add a little palm oil. — Cheery. ALTERATIVE BALLS. The term alterative is applied to medicines which, -nithout any sensible operation, or with a laxative or diuretic operation so gradual as not to inter- fere with the usual work or diet, produce a favorable change in the system, and, in common language, " purify the blood." Alterative balls are given in skin diseases, swelled legs, grease, foul humours, &c. ; usually 1 daily or every other day. Diuretic Alterative Balls. 1. Di'ied common soda 1 oz., Castile soap 6 dr., resin 2 oz., liquorice powder i oz., Bar- badoes tar to form 6 balls ; 1 daily. — White. 2. Acetate of potash \ oz., resin |- oz., fenugreek 1 oz., treacle enough to form a mass for 2 balls ; 1 daily. Laxative Alterative Balls. 1. Aloes 4 oz., soft soap 4 oz., common mass 24 oz. ; mix ; dose, 1 oz. — V. C. 2. Socotrine aloes 8 oz., soft soap 8 oz., common mass 16 oz. ; mix ; dose, 1 oz. — V. C. 3. Aloes 10 dr., soap 12 dr., caraways 12 dr., ginger 4 dr., treacle q. s. for 4 balls ; 1 daily. — White. 4. Aloes 1 dr., diuretic mass (see balls, No. 1 or 3) 9 di-. 9. Antlmonial powder 1 dr., aloes 1 or 2 dr., diuretic mass (see balls. No. 1 or 3) 1 oz. Antimonial or Diaphoretic Alterative Balls. 1. Levigated antimony 2 or 4 dr., caraway seeds 4 dr., treacle q. s. to form a ball. — White. 2. Prepared antimony 2 dr., nitre 3 dr., sulphur 2 dr., linseed meal 2 dr., palm oil to form a mass ; one every night, in megrims. — Clatee. 3. Tartarizcd antimony 2 dr., elecampane 2 oz., guaia- cum 6 dr., sulpluu- 1 oz., treacle and flour to form 6 balls ; one daily. 4. Tai-tarized antimony 3 dr., ginger a scruple, soap 1 oz. For 3 balls,- one every other mornuig.— Vines. 5. Emetic tartar, 5 oz., ginger 3 oz., opium 1 oz., and syrup to make 16 balls. Mercurial Alterative Balls. 1. Ethiops mineral 4 oz., 46 MEDICINES' FOE HORSES sulijhur, prepared antimony, cream of tartar, cimiabar, of each 5 oz., honey to form a mass for 12 balls ; 1 every morning for a month in farcy. — TapliN. 2. Calomel i dr., aloes 1 dr., Castile soap 2 dr., oil of jmiiper 30 drops, syrup to form a ball. — White. 3. Blue pill 1 dr., black antimony 2 dr., diui'etic mass 4 cli'., aloes 1 di\ ; for a ball daily. 4. In grease : prepared antimony, sulphm", nitre, Ethiops mineral, of each 3 oz., Castile soap 10 oz., oil of juniper 3 dr., syrup of honey q. s. for 12 balls ; 1 every morning for 2 or 3 weeks. — Taplut. 5. Quicksilver 2 parts, peroxide of iron 1 part, confec- tion of roses 3 parts. Rub together till the quicksilver disappears. Dose, 3ss to 5ij, with common or other mass q. s. — Dr. Collier's Blvie Pill. 6. Strong mercimal ointment i lb, powdered ginger 3 oz., liquorice powder 10 oz., treacle to mix for 12 balls. — Feakcis. Alterative Tonic Balls. See Tonic Balls. ASTRINGENT BALLS. These are given in diarrhoea, diabetes, &c. 1. (V. C. Asti-ingent Mass.) Catechu 1 oz., ciiiuamon 1 oz., common mass 6 oz. ; mix ; dose, 1 oz. 2. Peruvian bark 12 oz., grains of paradise 2 oz., gen- tian 3 oz., honey q. s. for 16 balls ; 1 every morning ; for diabetes. — Rtdixg. 3. Catechu J oz., alum 3 dr., cascarilla 2 di'., flom* 2 dr., treacle q. s. — White. 4. Catechu 2 dr., opium ^ di'., linseed meal 2 dr., treacle to form a ball. For profuse staling, 1 night and morning ; if they confine the bowels, add 1 dr. of aloes. — Clatee. 5. Peinivian bark li oz., alum | oz., treacle q. s. For the same pm-pose. — Laweence. 6. Oak bark 1 oz. (or Peru^'ian bark | oz.), opiiun 1 dr., ginger 2 dr., syrup to form a ballj for diai*rhcea. — White. 7. Opium ^ dr., prepared chalk 6 dr., cassia Ij di'., tartarized antimony 2 di"., syrup to form a ball; for the same. — White. 8. Nut-galls 2 dr., cassia I dr., conserve of roses to form a ball. BALLS AND BALL MASSES 47 9. Burnt rhubarb 1 dr., coinpomicl powder of chalk 3 dr., common mass 6 dr. ; for diarrhoea. 10. Tormentil or bistort 1^ dr., mashmallow root i oz., chalk 2 dr., syrup to form a ball. 11. For bloody urine. Acetate of lead 10 gr., sulphate of zinc 40 gr., catechu 4 dr., conserve of roses to form a ball; once daily. — Blaine. 12. Powdered opium i dr., soda 1 dr. powdered cassia or ginger 1^ dr., Horn- and syrup to form a ball. 13. For diabetes. Catechu i oz., alum ^ dr., sugar of lead 10 gr., \\'ith conserve of roses to form a ball. See also Tonic PiUs. COUGH BALLS; Expectorant Balls. The foUowing for- mula; are chiefly intended for chronic coughs and thick- ness of \\'ind. The bowels should be kept open by mashes and an occasional laxative. Coughs occasioned by worms require a different treatment. Li coughs comiected -with inflammation of the chest, and epidemic catarrh, see Balls for Inflammation of the Lungs. 1. Aloes 2 oz., digitalis (powdered) 1 oz., common mass 13 oz. ; dose, 1 oz., twice a day. — Morton. 2. Emetic tartar i dr., digitalis i dr., nitre I2 dr., tar enough to form a ball ; every night. — Yoxjatt. 3. Powdered squill 1 dr., gum ammoniac 3 dr., opium i dr., syrup to form a ball. — White. 4. Ipecacuanha 1 dr., camphor 2 dr., liquoi'ice powder 1 dr., honey to form a ball ; to be given every morning. — Blaine. 5. Sulphur i oz., assafoetida 1 oz., liquorice powder 1 oz., Venice turpentine 1 oz., for 4 balls ; one every night for 4 times. — Hinds. 6. Calomel 26 gr., gum ammoniacum 2 dr., balsam of Peru 1 dr., p. squill 1 dx\, honey to form a ball ; one every morning. — Blaine. 7. P. Marshmallov,' root and liquorice, of each 1 di-., elecampane, sulphur, and Kermes mineral, of each t dr., honey to form a ball ; t^^'ice a day. — Lebas. 8. Squill 2 dr., gum ammoniac 4 dr., ipecacuanha 4 dr., opium 4 dr., pimento 1 oz., balsam of sulphur 4 oz., Cas- tile soap 2 oz., treacle to form a mass for 6 balls ; one twice a day. — HiNDS. 48 MEDtCiis^ES FOB HOKSES 9. Spermaceti 1 oz., balsam of copaiva 1 oz., benzoin 2 dr., sulphm- 2 oz., elecampane 2 oz., p. squill 4 dr., emetic tartar 2 dr., syrup of poppies to form a mass for 8 balls. — B. Claeke. 10. Liquorice powder i oz., liuseed or barley meal 1 oz., tar 1 dr., honey to form a ball. 11. Castile soap, aniseed, liquorice, of each 5 oz., Bar- badoes tar 6 oz., ammoniacum 3 oz., balsam of Tolu 1 oz., honey q. s. to make a mass for 12 balls; one every morn- ing for a fortnight. — Tapiin. 12. Digitalis 1 dr., nitre 2 dr., liquorice 4 di-., tar enough to form a ball. — Clatee. 13. Digitalis i dr., camphor 1 dr., emetic tartar 1 dr., nitre 3 di-.. Unseed meal 1 dr., make up with Barbadoes tar, and give one daily.— Spoonee. See also Mixed Balls (Pectoral Cordial). 14. Ex. belladonna J to 1 dr., aloes Barbadoes in powder 1 dr., nitre 2 dr. Common mass to form into a bolus. For chronic cough. — TusON. BALLS FOR INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS BRONCHITIS, &c. 1. Antimonial powder 2 di-., digitalis 3 di-., nitre 3 dr., cream of tartar 3 dr., honey to form a ball ; 1 every 4, 6, or 8 hours, in inflammation of the lungs. — Blaine. 2. Digitalis 1 dr., emetic tartar li dr., nitre 3 dr., honey q. s. ; when the pulse intermits, reduce the dose to half. — YOTJATT. 3. Nitre 6 dr., emetic tartar 2 dr., flour and syrup to form a ball ; twice a day. — White. 4. Digitalis 1 dr., emetic tartar 1 dr., nitre 3 dr., sul- phur 1 dr., linseed meal 2 dr. ; beat together with palm oil.— Clatee. 5. Epidemic catarrh.. To the last add 2 drachms of the Physic Mass (No. 10) : repeat this twice. 6. For pneumonia. White Hellel)ore J- dr. (or extract of belladonna 2 dr., or digitalis 1 dr., or calomel 1 dr., with opium i dr.), emetic tartar 3j, nitre and linseed meal each 2 dr. ; one twice a day. — Spooner. 7. In the advanced stage, when suiipuration has taken BALLS AND BALL MASSES 49 place. Carbonate of ammonia IJ dr., opium 1 dr., aniseed i oz., syrup to form a ball. — Spoonee. 8. Cough Ball. Digitalis \ dr., camplior and emetic tartar each 1 dr., nitre 3 dr., and linseed meal 1 dr., to be made up with Barbadoes tar. CORDIAL BALLS. For exhaustion from over-e.\ertion and as a stimulant to weak stomachs. Their frequent and umiecessary use is hurtful. 1. Ginger and gentian equal parts, treacle to form a mass ; dose, 1 oz. to IJ oz. — V. C. 2. Can-away, bruised raisins, of each 4 parts, ginger and palm oil, of each two parts. — Youatt. 3. Aniseed, carraway, cardamom, each 1 oz., saffron 2 dr., sugar candy 4 oz., liquorice powder IJ oz., Spanish juice (softened with water) 2 oz., oil of aniseed i oz., wheat flour q. s. ,• dose, 1 oz. to 1| oz. — Beacken. 4. Aniseed, caraway, sweet fennel, liquorice, of each 4 oz. ; of ginger and cassia, each 1 J ozs. ; honey to form a mass. — White. 5. Ginger, caraway, each 4 lbs., gentian 1 ft, palm oil 4^ fts., beat together ; dose, 1 oz. to 1| oz. — Clatee. 6. Gentian 8 oz., ginger 4 oz., coriander 8 oz., caraway 8 oz., oil of aniseed J oz., treacle q. s. ; dose, 1^ oz. — Blaine. 7. Aniseed, caraway, ginger, each 8 oz., gentian, grains of pai'adise, cumin, and turmeric, each 4 oz., cassia 2 oz., oil of caraway 2 dr., treacle to form a mass; dose, 1^ oz. To keep it moist, add 2 oz. of acetate of potash. 8. Cumin, aniseed, caraway, each 4 oz., ginger 2 oz., treacle q. s. ; dose, 1^ oz. to 2 oz. — White. 9. Pimento 1 fts., sifted barley meal 2 fts., treacle q. s. ; dose, IJ oz. — B. CiAEKE. MIXED BALLS. Cordial Astringent Ball. Cordial ball (No. 2) 1 oz., catechu 1 di*., opium 10 gr. ; to washy horses, before or after a journey. — Youatt. Cordial Anodyne Balls. 1. Cordial mass (No. 6) 10 dr., camphor 1 dr., opium 20 gr. — Blaine. 2. Oinum \ dr. to 2 scruples, soap 2 dr., ginger 1 dr., aniseed 4 dr., oil of caraway \ dr., treacle q. s. — White. Balsamic Cordial Ball. Cordial mass (No. 6) 1 oz., myrrh 1 dr., balsam of Tolu 1 dr, — Blaine, 4 50 MEDICINES FOR HORSES Pectoral Cordial Balls. 1. For old coughs. Fenugreek, aniseed, cumin, safflowor, cleeamjjane, coltsfoot, sulphur, of each 3 oz., liqviorice juice 1 oz., olive oil 8 oz., honey 8 oz., Genoa treacle 12 oz., oil of aniseed 1 oz., wheat meal li lb., or q. s. ; one ball or 2 oz. (dissolved in water or warm wort), every day for 12 or 15 days if required. — Quince. 2. Elecampane ^ oz., ginger If dr., squill 1 dr., oil of aniseed 20 drops, syrup of Tolu, q. s. — White. Diuretic Cordial Balls, to fine the legs of debilitated and overworked horses, and sometimes given in old coughs, &c. 1. Resin 2 oz., soap, nitre, caraway, of each 2 oz., ginger 1^ oz., sulphur 2 oz., oil of caraway f dr., oil of jimiper i dr., syrup to form a mass. 2. Soap and common turpentine each 4 dr., ginger 1 dr., opium I dr., caraway seed q. s. for 1 dose. — White. 3. Strained turpentine 8 oz., resm 4 oz., olive oil 2 oz., soap 8 oz. ; melt together and add powdered ginger 6 oz., pimento 6 oz., liquorice jiowder q. s. to form a mass. 4. Resin 4 dr., nitre 2 dr., and ginger 1 dr., with suffi- cient soap to form a ball. — Spoonee. DIURETIC BALLS. For swelled legs, grease, &c., for carry- ing off bad humours. And in many chrome diseases. The too frequent use of diuretics injures the kidneys, and weakens the system. (See Alterative Balls, further back.) 1. Resin, soap, nitre, of each equal parts, beaten together into a mass ; dose, 1 oz. to 1\ oz. — V.C. 2. Common turpentine 4 oz., Castile soap 4 oz., caraways 8 oz., ginger 1 oz., flour q. s. — White. 3. Resm 16 oz., white soap 16 oz., nitre 8 oz., dried common soda 2 oz., oil of juniper 4 oz. ; beat together, adding flour if required ; dose, 1 oz. to 1|^ oz. 4. Nitre 1 lb, Castile soap f ft, common turpentine 1 ft, barley meal 2| lbs., or sufficient ; dose, _about 1 oz. — B. Claeke. 5. Wliite soap 8 oz., nitre 3 oz., resin 3 oz., camphor 3 dr., oil of juniper 3 dr. For 6 balls ; 1 every, or every other morning. — Taplin. 6. Common turpentine 16 oz., sulphur 24 oz., nitre 8 oz., honey 8 oz., flour or linseed meal q. s.; dose, 1^ oz. BALLS AND BALL MASSES 51 7. Camphor 2 dr., nitre 1 oz., flour and syrup to form a ball ; for stoppage of water. — White. 8. Yellow resin 4 fts., common turpentine 2 fts., yellow- soap 2 fts., melt together, and add nitre 1 ft. — Blaine. 9. Common turpentine (or powdered resin) i oz., Imseed meal i oz., ginger i dr., palm oil q. s. — Yottatt. 10. Yellow resin 2 oz., common turpentine 4 oz., soap 3 oz., melt together, stir in 1 oz. sweet oil, add oil of ani- seed i oz., oil of juniper i oz., gmger 2 dr., linseed meal q. s. ; mix, and divide into 8 balls ; 1 a day till the water is affected. — Hinds. 11. Eesui 2^ lbs., cream of tartar i ft, sulphur i ft, lin- seed meal 1 ft, palm oil 1 ft ; dose, 1 oz. to 2 oz. — Clater. 12. Nitre 1 oz., vermilion i oz., resin 1 oz., camphor i oz., honey q.s. for 4 balls. — Lebas. 13. Powdered yellow resm 4 dr., nitrate of potash 2 dr., p. ginger 1 dr. ; beat up mtli soap. — Spoonee. 14. Nitre 8 oz. ; oxysulphuret of antimony 1 oz., sul- phur 8 oz., resin 8 oz., oil of juniper 1 oz., yellow soap 8 oz., treacle to form a mass ; dose, 1^ oz. 15. AMiite soap 1 oz., extract of juniper berries q. s. for 2 balls. — Bourgelat. Tonic^ Diuretic Ball. Gentian 1 di-., ginger | dr., suljihate of iron 2 dr., dim-etic mass (No. 11) ^ oz., oil of juniper 10 di-ops, syi-up of squills i oz. ; t\vice a day in dropsy of chest : less fi-equently in swelled legs. — Clater. Tonic and Diuretic Ball for Pleurisy. Sulphate of copper li dr., ginger and gentian 2 dr. each, with Venice turpen- tine. — Spooner. (See also Leicester Bed Balls, and Miscel- laneous Balls, further on.) FEVER BALLS. 1. Emetic Tartar ^ dr., camphor | dr., nitre 2 di-., common mass 6 dr., or q. s. for 1 ball ; to be given once or twice a day.— Morton. 2. Camphor 1 dr., nitre 6 dr., antimonial powder 2 dr., flour and syi'up to form a ball. — White. 3. Antimonial powder 2 dr., nitre 3 dr., cream of tartar 2 dr., honey to form a ball j in influenza twice a day, after a mild laxative. — Blaine. 4. See Balls for Inflammation of Lungs, No. 4. — Ciatee. 52 MEDICINES FOE HORSES BALLS FOR FAECY AND GLANDERS. Mr. Coleman says he has tried the various preparations of arsenic, anti- mony, copper, mercury, zinc, aconite, digitalis, hemlock, henbane, hellebore, nightshade, &c., in glanders, without any specific or curative effect. Mr. Youatt considers it useless to attempt the cure of glandered horses ; but that farcy in its early stages and mild form may be successfully treated. Mr. Blaine says, " All the mercurials have been used with benefit in farcy ; but they must be discontinued as soon as the mouth is affected, or sickness, loss of appe- tite, &c., produced." Mr. Finlay Dun says glanders is incurable, and recommends immediate slaughter. He after- wards adds, that life may be prolonged by generous diet ; and further recommends sulphate of copper and arsenic. 1. Ethiops mineral 2 dr., blue pill 1 dr., prepared anti- mony 3 dr., diuretic mass 4 di\ One every morning. 2. Strong mercurial ointment 2 to 3 dr., guaiacum 3 dr., soap 4 dr., fenugreek 12 dr., treacle to form a mass, for 6 balls. [See Mercurial Alterative Balls, further back.] 3. Sulphate of copper 1 dr., corrosive sublimate 8 gr., linseed powder ^ oz. — White. 4. Corrosive sublimate 10 gr., gradually increased to 20, gentian 2 ch-., ginger 1 dr., syruj) to form a ball ; to be given night and morning till some effect is produced ; when the mouth is affected, the sublimate may be ex- changed for 1 dr. sulphate of copper. — Youatt. 5. Corrosive sublimate 10 to 20 gr., opium | to 1 dr., powdered aniseed i oz., with syrup to make a ball. 6. Sulphate of copper 1 dr., calomel 20 gr., common turpentine 3 dr., liquorice powder and syrup q. s. for one ball. — Coleman. 7. Sulphate of copper 1 dr., white arsenic 8 gr., corro- sive sublimate 8 gr., linseed powder ^ oz., syrup to form a ball.— White. 8. Ethiops mineral 2 dr., opium 10 gr., liquorice powder and mucilage to from a ball ; to be given twice a day till the breath or urine is affected.-^HiNDS. 9. Sidphate of iron 2 dr., Peruvian bark 1 oz., opium i dr., syrup to form a ball. — Smith. 10. Cantharides 4 gr., gradually increased to 6 or 8 gr., BILLS iNi) i3ALL MASSES 6^ gentian, ginger, and caraway, each 1 dr. ; syrup q. s. ; every, or every other day. — Vines. 11. Sulphate of iron 2 dr., iodide of potassium 10 gr., ginger 1 dr., gentian 2 dr., made into a ball with treacle. SrOONEE. 12. Diniodide of copper 1 dr., gentian 1| dr., pimento 1 dr., cantharides 5 gr. ; for one ball. — MoETON. 13. Sulphate of zinc 15 gr., cantharides 7 gr., pimento or ginger 15 gr., treacle and oatmeal to form a ball ; 1 daily. — Beacy Claek. 14. Sublimate, arsenic, vei'digris, each 8 gr., sulphate of copper 20 gr. for one ball (with common mass q. s.) ; the dose may be gradually increased, carefully watching its effects, but should never exceed 15 gr. of sublimate and arsenic. — Blaine. 15. Sublimate 10 gr., gentian 2 dr., ginger 1 dr., linseed meal ^ oz., palm oil to form a ball ; night and morning for a fortnight ; for farcy. — Clatee. 16. Sulphate of copper | dr. to 1 dr., ginger and gen- tian, each 1 dr., linseed meal and palm oil to form a ball ; morning and night for a fortnight, then daily as long as necessary : in glanders. — Clatee. 17. Sti'ong mercurial ointment 3 oz., white soap 2 oz., starch 2 oz., form a mass and divide into 12 balls ; 1 every morning. — Moieoud. 18. Assafoetida 3 oz., vermilion 2 oz., muriate of lime 3 dr., galangal 1 oz., strong mercurial ointment 2 oz. ; beat together into a uniform mass, and divide into 6 balls ; one every other morning. — Lebas. 19. Ethiops mineral 8 oz., powdered burdock root 16 oz., treacle q. s. ; make into 32 balls. — MoiRorD. 20. Antihecticum Poterii 2 dr., with 6 dr. of cordial ball ; every other day. — Lawrence. 21. Calomel 1 oz., assafoetida 4 oz., galangal powder 1 oz., mercurial ointment 2 oz. Mix, and form 6 balls. One every other morning. — Lebas. 22. HydrarDS. 3. Nitre 1 oz., unwashed calx of antimony 2 drs., anti- monial jiowder 3 drs., camphor 1 dr. — White. Pectoral Powder. Powder of gum tragacanth 6 oz., nitre 1 oz. ; give a tablespoonful iii the mashes or food. lu coughs. Purgative Poivder. Ep.som salt 8 oz., aloes 10 oz., aniseed 3 oz. ; dose, 2 oz. — Lebas. Poivder for the Gripes. Aloes, senna, ginger, cream of tartar, of each 1 lb ; mix. This was formerly honoured with the title of Pulvis Sanctus. Worm Powders. 1. Sulpluir 12 parts, quicksilver 4 parts ; triturate together till the mercury is extinct; then add male fern, rhubarb, tansy, gentian, of each 4 parts, wormwood, savin, aloes, castor seeds, of each 1 part ; dose, li oz. to 2 oz. — Lebas. 2. Fern root 4 parts, tansy 2, assafoetida and aloes, each 1 iDart ; dose, as the last. — Moieoud. 3. Sulphur 1 oz., emetic tartar 4 drs., common salt 8 oz., liver of antimony 1 oz. ; mix ; for 6 doses ; one daily in wetted corn. — Hinds. Mk. White's Compound Arsenical Poivder. White arsenic 1 cU-., cream of tartar 9 di's. ; mix carefully ; give 10 grs. 3 times a day. Hayxe's Bitter Powder, for loss of appetite. Sulphate of potash 2 oz., gentian 1 oz., Hour q. s. To be given twice a day. 6 66 MEDICINES FOE HOUSES MEDICATED PROVENDER. Bruised oats 4 lbs., bruised juniper herries 2 oz., common salt 1 oz. ; mix. Nourisliing and stimulant. — Delafond. 67 f iquiti ll^bidnes for '§msts. DRINKS, DRENCHES, MIXTURES, MASHES, ETC. BrinJcs, properly speaking, are liqiiicls which the horse will take willingly ; Drenches are those liquid medicines which nivxst be administered by a horn, bottle or funnel. This distinction is not always observed. MILD DRINKS. Demulcent, pectoral, cooling, and diu- retic. Barley Water. Barley 1 lb, water 2 gallons ; boil to 6 quarts, strain, and add 1 ft of honey. If common barley is used, it should be first boiled with a little water, and this throwTi away. If pearl liarley is used, this will be less necessary. In inflammatory and catarrhal complaints. Oatmeal Qruel. 1. Mix gradually 4 oz. of sweet oatmeal with as much cold water as will form a smooth mixture. Put 2 quarts of water in a saucepan over a clear fire, and before it gets very hot, add the mixture of oatmeal and water ; stir the whole till it boils, and let it simmer a little ■while. Take care not to smoke it. 2. Mix half a pint of oatmeal with the same measure of water ; triturate them in a mai'ble mortar with a wooden pestle, for some time ; then add 1 gallon of boiling water, and boil for a few minutes. — B. Claek. Blanche Water. Wet 3 or 4 handfuls of bran M-ith scald- ing water, and work it with the hands till it becomes clammy ; then add as much more water as may be desired. A mixture of oatmeal and cold water is also called wliite water, and in France, potato or other starch is used for the same purpose. Linseed Tea. 1. Infuse 4 oz. of linseed in 3 pints of boiling M'ater for several hours near the fire, stirring occasionally ; then strain off, and add 4 oz. of honey j for 2 doses ; iu coughs, &c. 68 MEDICINES EOR HORSES 2. Pour 1 gallon of boiling water on ^ lb of linseed j let the infusion stand till nearly cold, then pour off the clear liquid. — Youatt. Compound Decoction of Linseed. Linseed 4 oz., liquorice root 4 oz., mallows 2 handf uls ; boil in six quarts of water for half an hour. Let the horse drink it freely. — Blaine. Cooling and Refreshing Drinh. Barley water, linseed tea, or blanche water, 8 quarts, simple oxymel 16 oz. — MOIEOITD. Cooling and Diuretic Drink. Dissolve 1 oz. of nitre in a pail of water. Camphorated Diuretic Drinh. Water 10 quarts, nitre 1 oz., eamplior (rubbed with yolks of 2 or 3 eggs), i oz. ; mix, and let the animal drink when thirsty. — Moieoud. MASHES. Bran Mash. Bran or pollard | peck; put it in a bucket, and ]iour on it enough scalding water to wet it thoroughly ; let it be well stirred with a stick, or worked with the hands, and let it stand, covered up, till new-milk warm. Emollient and slightly laxative. When intended to be nutritive, oats sliould be scalded with the bran. — B. Clark. Malt Mash. Upon a peck of ground malt pour a gallon and a half of boiling [better not quite boiling] water. Stir frequently, and give when new-milk warm. Nutritive, in diseases attended with great debility. — Maekiiam. Linseed Mash. HiNDS' Cooling Decoction. Linseed 2 quarts, coirso sugar 2 oz., boiling water 6 (juarts ; simmer for three or four hours. DRENCHES. DRENCHES FOR DIARRHEA, DYSENTERY, AND DIABETES. For Diarrhoea, 1. Restringent Draught. Opiiim 1 dr., prepared challc 1 oz., comj)Ouud powder of tragacauth 1 oz., mint water 1 pint. — WmxE. DRENCHES 69 2. Laudanuiu 1 oz., ether 1 oz., tannin 1 scruple, given in gruel or ale. This is to be given when the purging lias gi.iie on for some days, or when laxatives have been given without the desired effect. — Fiklay Dun. 3. Prepared chalk 8 oz., gum Arabic i oz., catechu 2 drs., thin starch ^ pint. — Blaine. 4. Prepared chalk 1 oz., catechu 2 drs., p. opium 1 dr., p. ginger 1 dr. ; rub together with the contents of 1 egg and add I pint of thin gruel. — Clatee. 5. For purging from corrosive siihlimate. Powdered opium 2 drs. ; rub down with the yolk and white of one egg, and the contents of two more eggs, and gradually stir in i pint of thin gruel. — Clatee. Draught for FnterHis. Opium li^ dr., tartar emetic 1 dr., spirit of nitrous ether 1 oz. ; mix, and add 1^ pint of linseed oil. — Spoonee. For Dysentery or Molten Grease. 1. Castor oil 8 oz., ipecacuanha 1 dr., opium 20 grs., liquid arrowroot 8 oz. Kepeat once or twice at intervals of 6 hours ; then sub- stitute boiled starch for the castor oil. — Blaine. 2. Opium 2 drs., nux vomica h dr., ipecacuanha 1 dr., red wine 1 quart ; mix ; morning ami evening. For Diabetes. 1. Opium 1 dr., ginger 2 drs., p. oak bark, 1 oz., decoction of oak bark 1 pint. — White. 2. Sulphuret of potash 2 drs., uva ursi 4 drs., oak bark 1 oz., catechu 2 drs., opium ^ dr. In strong chamomile tea. — Blaine. 3. Calomel 3 drs., cascarilla 2 drs., salt of steel 2| drs., salt of tartar 1^ drs., tincture of opium |- oz., strong beer q. s. — White. CAEMINATIVE AND ANTISPASMODIC DRENCHES for Spasmodic and Flatulent Colic, cr Gripes. [N.B. As most of these drenches would be injurious in injlammation of the boivels (Enteritis), care should be taken to distmguish between this disease and colic. Inflam- mation is known by the quick but small pulse, redness of the inside of the eyelids, coldness of the ears and legs, and scanty and high-coloured urine. In colic, the attacks and remissions of pain alternate; in iuHummation, the pain and distress continue. In colic, the pain is relieved 70 MEDICINES FOR HORSES by fi-iction and motion ; in inflammation, it is increased. Cold is sudden in its attack ; inflammation, more gradual in its approach.] 1. Brady, rum, or gin from 4 to 6 oz., hot water 12 oz. Mr. ClABK directs a wineglassf ul of spirits to half a pint of warm water. A pint of ale is sometimes substituted. — White. 2. Half a large bottle of Daffy's elixir, with hot water. 3. Tincture of pimento 4 oz., warm water half a pint. — B. Claee. 4. Anodyne carminative tincture (White's, see below) 2 to 4 oz., hot water half a pint — White. 5. Antispasmodic Draught. Spirit of nitric ether 2 oz., tincture of opium 1 oz., solution of aloes (see below) 4 oz. —V. C. 6. Spirit of nitric ether ^ oz., tincture of opium \ oz., oil of turpentine 3 oz., gniel 1 pint. — Blaine. 7. Rectified oil of turpentine 3 oz., tincture of opium 1 oz., warm ale 1 pint. If it does not relieve, repeat half the quantity with 1 oz. aloes dissolved in warm water. — YotTATT. 8. Strong ether 1 oz., laudanum 2 oz., oil of peppermint 1 dr., ale and gin, each a i of a pint. — Blaine. 9. Camphor 2 drs., tincture of opium 1 oz., oil of per- permint 30 drops, warm water 1 pint. In a violent at- tack, add 1 oz. of spirit of turpentine. — Peall. 10. The juice of three or four onions, with half a pint of sound ale. 11. Pepper ^ oz., oil of turpentine 3 oz., laudanum 1 oz., ale i of a pint. — Blaine. 12. Pep])er a teaspoonf ul, juice of 2 or 3 large onions, gin 5 of a pint. — Blaine. 13. Laudanum 1 oz., sweet spirit of nitre 4 oz., oil of juniper 1 oz., tincture of benzoin 2 oz., spirit of sal volatile 1\ oz., oil of peppermint 1 dr. ; mix ; give a fourth part in warm water or gruel, and repeat in 2 or 3 hours, if necessary. — Hinds. 14. For Flatulent Colic. Tincture of opium 1 oz., Tinct. of myrrh 1 oz., sulphuric ether 6 drs., te])id water a pint. Repeat in an houi-, if relief is not obtained. — Spoonee, DRENCHES 71 15. Heat ^ tb of common salt, and quench it in a quart of good ale. Give it new-milk warm. — Downing. 16. In fiatulent colic, token there is an evident disten- sion of the abdomen with gas : chloride of lime ^ oz. (or solution of chlorinated soda 1 oz.), water 1 quart ; repeat in half an hour if necessary. 17. Ginger, caraway, nutmeg, pimento, of each 1 oz., bruise, and boil them in f of a pint of ale for a few minutes, and add a gill of any spirit. — Taplin. 18. Sol. of ammonia, Sp. nitrous ether, compound tinc- ture of gentian, of each equal parts. Dose, 1 to 2 fluid oz. 19. Cordial Antispasmodic Drink, for Spasm of the Dia- plu'agm. Ginger 1 dr., caraway 2 drs., laudanum 1 oz., sweet spirit of nitre 1 oz., warm ale ^ a pint. — Clater. 20. Antispasmodic Drench for Suppression of Urine. Nitre 1 oz., camphor 2 drs., linseed tea 1 pint. — White. 21. Diuretic Camphor Drinh. Camphor 2 to 3 drs., olive oil 1 oz., carbonate of soda 1 dr. ; rub together, and add tincture of opium 1 dr., warm water 2 pints. 22. Antispasmodic Drenches for Locked Jaw. 1. Opium 1^ drs., camphor 2 drs., ginger 3 drs., brandy-and-water 8 oz. — White. 2. Ether ^ oz., tincture of opium 2 oz., camphor 1 dr., peppermint water \ x'i'^t. CORDIAL AND STIMULANT DRENCHES. These are used in the same cases as the cordial balls, but are pre- ferred where a more quick and powerful operation is required. Some of them are used in indigestion and slight attacks of colic. 1. Cloves and black pepper (bruised) i oz., boiling water a quart ; infuse and give warm. — MoiROUD. 2. Any of the cordial balls may be dissolved in warm ale or water, or peppermint water, and given as a drench. 3. A bottle of wine, 1 oz. of extract of juniper ben-ies, and 5 oz. of cinnamon in powder. — M. Lebas. 4. Peppermint 2 oz., chamomiles \ oz. ; infuse in 2h: pints of water, and give it before it is cold ; in slight colic and indigestion. PECTORAL AND EMOLLIENT (or DEMULCENT) 72 MEDICINES FOR HORSES DRENCHES, for Coughs, Epidemics, Catarrh, &c. (For linseed tea, compound infusion of linseed, barley water, &c., see Deenches, further back.) 1. Simple Emulsion. Olive oil 2 oz., honey 3 oz., soft water 1 pint, subcarbonate of potash 2 drs. ; mix. — White. 2. Linseed tea 1 pint, honey 2 oz., syrup of poppies 2 oz., linseed oil 4 oz. 3. B. Cxaek's Cough Brench. Linseed oil 2 oz., . solution of potash 40 drops, treacle 1 oz., soft water 10 oz. ; mix. 4. Powdered gum 2 oz., warm water a quart ; dissolve, and add honey 4 oz. — Moihoud. 5. Marshmallow root 2 oz., water 22 or 3 pints ; boil to a quart, and add 4 oz. of treacle. — Moieoud. 6. Liquorice and Marshmallow roots, of each 2 oz., water a quart ; boil, strain, and add honey 4 oz. — Lebas. 7. Marshmallow root 2 oz., 4 pojipy heads, water a quart ; boil for ten minutes, strain, and add to the liquor before quite cold, 4 oz. of olive oil, 6 oz. of honey and the yolks of 4 eggs, pre\'iously well beaten together. — MOIEOFD. 8. Compound decoction of linseed (see liquid medicines for horses, further back) 1 quai-t, oxymel 3 oz. 9. Spei'maceti \ oz., olive oil 3 oz. ; melt together, and add, honey 4 oz., water (by a little at a time) to make uj) a quart ; repeat it twice a day. — Lebas. 10. Camphorated 'Emulsion. Reduce to jiowder, with a few drops of spirit, 1 or 2 drs. of camphor, add 12 drops of oil of aniseed, and \\ oz. of simple emulsion. — White. 11. Oxymel of squills 2 oz., opium \ dr. to 1 dr., linseed oil 2 oz. ; mix the opium with 8 oz. of water, and add the other ingredients ; for one dose. — White. 12. For chronic coughs. Tar-water \ pint, lime-water \ pint, powdered squill 1 dr., every morning. — Blaine. 13. In inflammation of the lungs, or catarrhal fever, Tartarized antimony, 2 drs., digitalis I2- drs., nitre 3 drs., simple oxymel 4 oz., compound decoction of linseed 8 oz. — Blaine. 14. The same, omitting the digitalis, and substituting 6 oz. of warm water for the dec. linseed. In influenza, DEENCHES 73 when soreness of throat prevents swallowing balls. — Blaine. 1.5. In inflammation of the lungs : Ipecacuanha, 2 drs., laudanum 4 drs., powdered camphor 2 drs., Mindererus sph-it 4 oz., linseed tea |- pint. — Blaine. 16. In pleurisy. Boil pearl barley, split figs, and raisins, each 6 oz., and liquorice root 2 oz., in 4 quarts of water downi to 3; strain, and add honey 1 lb, vinegar 1 pint ; give 1 oz. nitre in a pint of this decoction every 6 hours. — Taplin. 17. li epidemic {epizootic) catarrh ; Spirit of nitrous ether 1 oz., Mindererus spirit 6 oz., with linseed tea. — Blaine. 18. Gibson's Drink for Catarrhal Epidemic. Colts- foot, hyssop, chamonule, of each a handful, linseed and garlic, each 1 oz., liquorice root sliced 1 oz., saffron \ oz. ; infuse in 2 quarts of boiling water ; give half in the morn- ing and the rest in the afternoon. 19. In influenza {after bleeding). Oil of croton 5 drops, nitre 4 to 6 cli-s., tartarised antimony 1 dr., spiritof nitric ether | oz. to 1 oz., solution of acetate of ammonia (B. P.) 2 to 4 oz., warm water q. s. Once or twice daily. Some- times J oz. of cream of tai-tar is added. — Spoonee. 20. Forjnalignant ejndeniic Oxymel 4 oz., spirit of Mindererus 4 oz., beer yeast 4 oz., sweet spirit of nitre 1 oz. DIURETIC DEENCHES, for Dropsical Complaints, &c. The use qtf stimulating diuretics in retention of urine from inflammation of the neck of the bladder, is dangerous. 1. Maekham's Dropsy Drench. Decoction of worm- wood in ale 2 quarts, soap 1 oz., grains of paradise 6 drs., long pepper 6 drs., treacle 3 oz. ; for one dose, fasting. 2. For dropsy of the belly. Castile soap 2 oz., strong beer 1 pint ; dissolve, and add cascarilla 2 drs., ginger 3 drs., oil of juniper 2 drs. (or balsam of copaivi 1 oz.) ; mix, for one dose. — White. 3. White soap 1 oz., spirit of turpentine 1 oz., honey 4 oz., decoction of linseed 2 quarts ; for two doses. — Moieoud. 4. Strained turpentine 2 oz., yolks of 6 eggs ; triturate together till incorporated, and add gradually 2 quarts of linseed tea; for 2 doses. — MoiBOUD, 74 MEDICINES FOR HOUSES 5. Wliite wiue and water 4 quarts, nitre 3 oz., honey 4 oz. ; for 3 doses. — Lebas. 6. Acetate of potash 2 or 3 oz., honey 6 drs., decoction of hemp or linseed 2 quarts; for 1 dose. — Moieocd. 7. Acetate of potash 2 oz., camphor (rubbed with yolks of 2 eggs) 2 drs., decoction of linseed 2 quarts; for 2 doses, at an interval of some hours ; in irritation of the urinary passages, especially arising from cantharides or resinous irritants. — MoiEoro. 8. Squill Drench. Decoction of pellitory of the wall 1 quart, oxymel of squills 4 oz. — Moieoud. D. ColcJiicum Drench. Colchicum wine 2 oz., simple oxymel 4 oz., barley water 1 quart. 10. Sweet spirit of nitre 4 oz., white wine 1 quart, water 2 quarts; for 3 doses; in dysuria not arising from mechanical obstruction, or inflammation of the neck of the bladder. — Lebas. 11. Saline Diuretic Drink. Glauber's salt 2 oz., nitre 6 drs., warm water 1 pint, sweet spirit of nitre 1 dr. — Claek. DRENCHES FOR FARCY AND GLANDERS. 1. Expressed juice of cleavers 6 oz., strong decoction of hempseed 6 oz., essence of spruce 6 oz. ; mix; give every evening ; and a mercurial or arsenical ball in the morning. — Blaine. See Farcy Balls. 2. For Glanders. Sulphate of copper 3 to 6 drs., gum Arabic 2 or 3 oz., dissolved in 2 or 3 phits of water. — Sewell. FEVER DRENCHES. 1. Nitre 2 drs., tartar emetic ^ dr., M'arm water or thin gruel 12 oz. ; once or twice a day. — B. Claek. 2. Sweet spirit of nitre 1 oz., spirit of Mindererus 6 oz., water 4 oz. 3. Draught for Influenza. Spirit of nitrous ether 2 oz., tartarized antimony 1 dr., nitre 4 drs., warm water J pint. — Spoonee. LAXATIVE AND PURGATIVE DRENCHES. 1. Castor oil 6 oz., linseed oil 8 oz., gruel q. s. — Blaine. 2. Glauber's or Epsom salts 6 or 8 oz., whey or gruel 1 quart, castor oil 6 or 8 oz, — AVhite. DRENCHES 75 3. Barbadoes aloes 2 di's., tartarized autimony 1 dr., warm water 4 oz. ; mix, and add castor oil 4 oz. — White. 4. Laxative Febrifuge in Influenza. Linseed oil 12 oz., nitre 3 drs., camphor powdered 1 dr., sweet spirit of nitre 1 oz., warm water \ pint. — Clatee. 5. Laxative Anodyne Brink. In inflammation of the bowels ; Linseed oil 1 pint, opium 2 scrujiles, sweet spirit of nitre 6 drs., warm water 4 oz. — Ciatee. 6. Aloes 2 or 3 drs., salt of tartar 1 dr., water or mint water ^ pint; mix, and add castor oil 4 to 6 oz. — White. 7. A Cooling Purging Drink. Infuse 2 oz. senna with 3 drs. salt of tartar in a quart of boiling water for 2 hours; strain and add 4 oz. Glauber's salts, and 2 or 3 drs. of cream of tartar. — Baktlet. 8. Draught for Hepatitis. Carbonate of potash, and aloes, each 2 drs. ; dissolve in hot water, shake with 12 oz. of linseed oil, and calomel 1 dr. Repeat twice a day without the aloes, until relief is obtained. When in pam, add 1 oz. of tincture of opiiun. — Spooneh. STRONGER PURGATIVE DRENCHES. 1. B. aloes 2 oz., gum Arabic 1 oz.; powder and mix them, and pour on them a pint of boiling water. Take 10 gr^. of farine of croton, and add to it gradually 4 oz. of the above solution. Repeat this dose every 6 hours till it operates ; in inflammation of the brain.— Clatee. 2. Aloes 1 oz., soap 2 drs., salt of tartar 1 dr., water 1 pint ; in apoplexy or staggers. — White. 3. Infuse 1 oz.' of senna in a quart of boiling water, strain, and add 1 oz. of aloes in powder. — Bofrgelat. 4. Aloes 1 oz., sulphate of magnesia 2 oz., aniseed powder \ oz., water a quart. — Lebas. 5. Aloes 1 oz., syrup of buckthorn 4 oz., warm water a quai-t. — Lebas. DRENCHES FOR STOMACH STAGGERS, or Staggers from Indigestion. 1. After a ball of aloes and calomel, and clyster of salt water ; Spirit of sal volatile i oz., cascarilla powder 2 drs., warm water ^ pint ; twice a day ; and the same without the cascarilla every hour. — White, 76 MEDTCTKT^S FOE nOnSES 2. Aloes 3 clrs., pimento 2 (Irs., gin^'oi' 1 (Ii'.; infuse in a quart of hot water, and when cold, add 2 oz. spirit of tur- pentine, and 1 oz. of spirit of hartshorn. Repeat in au hour if required. — BlAiNE. 3. Laxative Tonic Drinks. Linseed oil 1 pint, powdered gentian 2 drs. ; every 6 hours till the bowels are properly opened. — Cxatee. 4. Common salt 4 oz., ginger 2 drs., magnesia 1 oz., warm water 1 quart. — White. 5. Valerian 1 oz., serpentary i oz., saffron 2 drs., infuse in a pint of boiling water, and, when nearly cold, strain off, and add 1 oz. tincture of assafffitida and 2 drs. of laudanum. — Taplin. 6. After a Purgative. — Volatile tincture of valerian 1 oz., powdered valerian 1^ oz., peppermint water 8 oz. ; mi.'c, for a dose. — White. TONIC DEEKCHES. Tonics are more generally admi- nistered in the form of balls. 1. Mild Tonic in later stages of Epidemic Catarrh or Distemper. Gentian 1 dr., powdered ginger \ dr., casca- rilla 1 dr., wann water ^ pint, sweet spirit of nitre h oz. to 1 oz. ; to be repeated night and morning unless the pulse is quickened. — Clateb. 2. Gentian root 2 oz., smaller centaury 1 oz., worm- wood ^ oz. ; boil in 3 ])ints of water to a quarter. — Vatel. 3. Clark's Bitter Drench. Quassia chips 2 oz., water 3 pints ; boil to 2 pints ; for 3 doses. 4. Quassia 1 oz., ginger 2 drs., water 2 joints ; boil for 10 minutes ; for 2 doses. 5. Metallic Tonic, Sulphate of zinc \ dr., ginger or pimento 1 dr., ti-eacle 1 oz. ; mix, and add gradually 12 oz. of warm water. — K. Claek. 6. Egyptian Tonic Drhik. In farcy and nasal gleet. ^gyptiacum -J oz., pimento or ginger ^ dr., warm water 12 oz. — Clark. 7. Cantliarides Tonic Drench (for the same). Sulphate of zinc 15 grs., cantharides 7 grs., pimento 1-5 grs., treacle 1 oz., warm water to form a drencli. DEOBSTRUENT DRENCHES. 1. Guaiacum wood 2 oz., sassafras 1 cz., linseed -J oz., DEE>X'UES 77 \vater q. s. to yield a quart of decoction ; boil, strain, and add of corrosive sublimate 10 grs., sal ammoniac 2 drs. — Lebas. 2. Iodide of jiotassium 40 grs., iodine 10 grs., water a quart. — MoiROUD. 3. Muriate of lime -^ oz., water a quart. — MoiEOUD. WORM DRENCHES. 1. Common salt 2 oz., infusion of wormwood a quart. Repeat it for some days. — Moiroud. 2. A quart of linseed oil. — Clatee. 3. Oil of tui'ijentine 4 oz., linseed or castor oil 8 oz., gruel a pint ; preceded by a mild dose of aloes, and bran mashes. 4. Fern root 2 oz., valerian 1 oz., Dippel's animal oil (empyreumatic oil of hartshorn) 1 oz., yolks of 2 eggs, honey 2 oz. ; boil the I'oots in 2 parts of water to half, in- corporate the oil with the egg, and then the honey, and mix the whole with the decoction. — Vatel. 5. Animal oil 1 oz., yolks of 2 eggs, honey 1 oz., water or some bitter infusion a quart. Chabert recommends infusion of savory as a vehicle for the oil. — Lebas. 6. Soot (wood soot ?) in fine powder 2 oz., spirit of wine 2 oz. ; mix, and add a quart of infusion of rue, or of tansy. Some practitioners prefer milk as a vehicle for worm medicines. — MoiROUD. For other worm remedies, see Worm Balls. *#* Worms may be prevented by a properly regulated dietary, and access to rock salt. — Finlax Dun. DRENCHES for the MALIGNANT EPIDEMIC, or DIS- TEMPER.— Pestilential or Putrid Fever. 1. Gentian 1 dr., calumba 2 dr., ginger 1 dr., laudanum ^ oz., spirit of niti'ous ether ^ oz., peppermint water 3 oz. — Clatee. 2. Gentian 2 oz., willow bark 6 oz., water 3 pints; boil to a quart, and add solution of acetate of ammonia (B. P.) 6 oz. — MOIEOUD. 3. Dissolve 5 dr. of chloride of lime in 8 oz. water, and add spirit of nitric ether ^ oz., laudanmu j oz. tincture of calumba 1 oz. j twice a d;iy. — Clatee. 78 MEDICINES FOE HOESES 4. Bruised bark 3 oz., acetate of ammonia (B. P.) 4 oz., camphor 1 dr. ; boil the bark in 2 quarts of water in a covered vessel for a quarter of an hour ; strain, and when cool, add the camphor (rubbed \vith yolk of egg or honey), and the acetate of ammonia. — Lebas. 5. Spirit of nitric ether 1 oz., Mindererxis' spirit 4 oz., infusion of chamomile 6 oz., beer yeast 6 oz., tincture of opium 3 drs. — Blaine. See also Antiseptic Drenches (below). ANTISEPTIC DRENCHES, to check Mortification. 1. Peru\-ian bark 1 oz., ginger 2 dr., opium 1 dr., fresh beer q. s. — White. 2. Opium 1 dr., carbonate of ammonia 1 dr., aromatic powder 2 drs., camphor 1| drs., good ale or porter, a pint. 3. Chloride of lime or soda 2 to 3 drs., serpentary in powder 1 oz., fresh beer, or sweet wort 1 quart. — White. DRENCH FOR POISONING BY YEW. Stronger pur- gative drink (No. 1) 4 oz., vinegar 4 oz., thick gruel 4 oz.; repeat it every 6 hours, without the croton, till purging is produced, — Clatee. DRENCH FOR PREVENTING HYDROPHOBIA. 1. Box leaves 8 oz., rue 8 oz. ; cut them very tine and boil hi 3 jnnts of milk, in a close vessel, for an liour, and strain ; boil the ingredients another hour in 3 pints of water, and strain ; mix the decoction ; give a third part every morn- ing fasting. — Blaine. 2. Excise and cauterize the bitten part at once. Chloral hydrate, belladonna and ammonia, the latter, subcutane- ously. — F inlay Dun. Curara, the potent arrow-poison of the South American Indians, has been proposed as a remedy for rabies. DRENCHES TO PROMOTE PARTURITION. 1. Ergot of rye in line powder 2 or 3 drs., pennyroyal water, or infusion of rue, 1 quart. 2. Saffron 6 drs., chamomile 2 oz., boiling water a quart ; make an infusion, to be given warm. 1 oz. of dried savin. DEENCHES 70 ^\■itll 1 oz. of cassia, may be substituted for the saffi'oii. — MOIROTJD. ANODYNE DRENCHES. 1. Opium 1 dr. dissolved in warm water, ^ pint; add 1 quart of starch gruel. 2. Oil of peppermint 50 drops, dissolved in a pint of warm water, with 2 oz. of gum Arabic ; add tincture of opium I oz. 3. Mix tincture of oijlum J oz., with sweet spirits of nitre 1^ oz., essence of peppermint 1 dr., and water 1 pint. lODESTE DRENCH. Iodide of potassium 2 scruples, iodine 12 grs. ; triturate together, and add gradually a quart of water. — Moiboi'd. so MEDICINES FOR HOUSES MISCELLANEOUS LIQUID MEDICINES. TINCTURES, SOLUTIONS, &c. Solution of Aloes. Aloes 1 part, water 7 parts, proof spirit 1 part ; dissolve the aloes in water by means of a water- bath, and when removed, add the spirit.— Moeto>". Anodyne Carminative Tincture. Opium 1 oz., cloves 1 oz., ginger 1 oz., old brandy (rum or giu) 1 quart ; digest in a corked bottle, shaking daily. — White. Ethereal Tincture of Opium. Turkey opium 1 lb, spirit of nitric ether 8 tbs. ; macerate for a month. Dose, ^ oz. to 1 oz., in spasmodic colic— Dickens. Gripe Tincture. Tincture of Pimento. Ground pimento 1 ft), rectified spirit, and soft water, of each 3 pints ; digest for sonie days and strain : give 4 fl. oz. at once, and repeat every hour till relieved. — B. Clark. Tincture of Foxglove. Digest 3 oz. of di-ied foxglove m a quart of any spirit. — YorATT. Infusion of Foxglove. Infuse 1 oz of powdered foxglove in a quart of boiling water till cold. — YouATT. Tincture of Myrrh. Myrrh 2 oz., sand 2 oz., rectified spirit and soft water, of each \ pint.^B. Clark. Tincture of Aloes and Myrrh. Aloes 12 oz., myrrh 6 oz., rectified spirit 1 gallon, water ^ gallon ; digest l-l days, frequently shaking, and filter. For outward use, rectified wood naphtha may be substituted for the spirit. — V. C. Tincture for Colic. Opium 1 dr., horseradish 2 oz., capsi- cum 1 oz., spirit of nitric ether 1 ftj ; macerate 14 days ; dose, 1 oz., with 2 oz. of spirit of nitric ether, every 2 hours as long as necessary. — Gregory. Tincture of Croton. Bruised croton seeds 1 oz.; rectified spirit 16 oz. Digest for 7 days, and filter. Dose, k oz. to 1 oz. in water. Tincture of Iodine. Iodine 1 part, rectified spirit 8 parts ; dose, 1 to 2 drs. — V. C. The following is preferable : Compound Tincture of Iodine. Iodine 1 oz., iodide of potas- sium 2 oz., spiri CLYSTERS 81 Solution of Chloride of Lime. 1. Chloride of liino 1 dr., water 8 oz.; mix in a mortar, and filter. — ClateBt 2. Chloride of lime 1 part, water 10 parts. — Cheval- LIER. 3. Chloride of lime 1 part, water 48 pai-ts. — Lakbae- EAQUE. See Lotions, mider Medicines foe Horses. Solution of Nitre. Nitre 1 part, water 7 parts. — V. C. Solution of Ammonio- Sulphate of Cojyper. Dissolve 1 part of sulphate of eopper in 4 parts of water, and add ammo- nia until it begins to precipitate. 4 ounces every 8 hours as a tonic. — Jeckyll. Solution of Senhane. Extract of henbane 4 drs., spirit of nitric ether 4 oz. Antispasmodic ; dose, 2 oz., with or without solution of aloes. — Wright. For Solutions and TiNCTVEES/or outivard use, see Extee- NAL Applications (Vet. Formulary), further on. CLYSTERS. Laxatioe. 1. Aloes 1 oz., water 2 or 3 quarts. — Yofatt. 2. Water gruel 1 gallon, olive oil 1 pint. — White. 3. Epsom salts 6 oz. (or common salt 6 oz., or soap 2 oz.), thin gruel or broth 5 quarts. — Blaine. 4. Soft soap 2 oz., warm water f of a pailful. — B. Claek. 5. Infuse 3 oz. senna in 2 quarts of water, and add Epsom salts 4 oz., honey 6 oz. — Moieoud. 6. Chamomiles, fennel seed, coriander seed, of each 1 oz., caraways \ oz. ; boil iu 2 quarts of water to 3 pints ; strain, add 2 oz. Epsom salts, and wdien nearly cool, i pint of olive oil and \ pint of tincture of semia. — ■ Taplin. Purgative. 1. Aloes 8 to 12 drs., salt 8 oz., water 1 gallon : in staggers. — White. 2. Senna 2 oz., tobacco 2 oz. ; boil for a quai-ter of an hour in 2 quarts of water, strain, and add common salt 4 oz., emetic taiiar 1 dr. ; for 2 doses. Very irritating. — Lebas. Emollient, Dried mallow leaves, or marshmallow root, 1^ oz., linseed ^ oz., water 2 quarts ; boil and strain ; to be used warm. — MoiEOUD, G 82 MEDICINES FOR HOESES Emollient and Anodi/ne. 1. Mix 6 drs. of starch in powder with a httle cold water, and add it to a decoction of 6 poppy -heads in 2 quarts of water ; boil for an instant and strain : in intestinal irritation. — MoiEOUD. 2. Gruel 2 pints, liquid starch or arrowTOot 1 pint, powdered opium 1 dr. to 1,^ dr. — AVhite. 3. Boil 6 poppy-heads in 4 quarts of water till reduced to 2 quarts j add prepared chalk 2 oz., boiled starch 2 quarts ; once or twice a day hi diarrhoea. — Blaine. 4. A double handful of coarse bran, 6 poppy-heads, 2 quarts of water ; boil and strain. — Moieoud. 5. Tripe liquor (or suet boiled in milk) 3 pints, tliin starch a quai-t, laudanum | oz. ; in diarrhoea. Cooling. Butter-milk or whey, barley-water, of each a quart. — Moieoud. Carminative and Stimulant. 1. Chamomiles 3 oz., aniseed or fennel seed 1|- oz., 4 pojjpy heads ; l)oil the poppies in sufficient water, and infuse the flowers and seeds in the hot decoction. — Vatei. 2. To expel wind. Boil 1 ft of figs in 3 quarts of water for half an hour, then add 2 handf uls of chopped rue ; boil a few minutes, strain, and add 8 oz. of olive oil. — SOLLETSELL. For Gripes. Mash 2 onions, pour over them 2 oz. of oil of turpentine, and 4 quarts of tliin gruel. — Blaine. Astringent. 1. Alum whey 1 quart, thin starch a quart. 2. Suet milk 3 pints, starch gruel 2 pints, laudanum i oz. Vermifuge. 1. For Thread Worms. Powdered aloes ^ oz., powdered gum Arabic | oz.; mix with half a pint of boiling water; then mix the white of an egg with a quart of linseed oil, and gradually add the solution of aloes. — Clatee. 2. Infuse 4 oz., of tansy in 2 quarts of water ; strain and add 2 oz. of animal oil (empyreumatic oil of harts- horn) ; also the worm drenches (Nos. 4 and 6) may be used in this method. — Moieoud. Uterine Stimulants. 1. Infuse a handful of rue in 2 quarts of water, and add 2 oz. of common salt. 2. Savine 2 oz., sal ammoniac 4 dr. : as the last. Diuretic. 1. Nitre 1 oz., decoction of linseed 3 pints. LINIMENTS AND EMBHOCATIONS 83 2. Camphorated. Incorporate 4 drs. of camphor witli tlie yolks of 2 q§§^, and add it to the last. — Moirotjd. For Irritable Bladder. 1. Belladonna leaves 3 oz., water 3 pints ; boil and administer warm. — MoiEOIJD. 2. Extract of belladonna 2 drs., boiling water 1|- pint. Nourishing. 1. Thick gruel 3 quarts, ale 1 quart. — Blainb. 2. Milk 2 quarts, yolks of 4 eggs ; mix, and give warm. — BOUEGELAT. 3. Strong broth 2 quarts, thickened milk 2 quarts. — Blaine. 4. Tripe liquor or broth 3 quarts, flour 4 oz., ; mix the flour in the hot broth ; repeat fi-equently. — Moirotjd, External ^pplitations. LINIMENTS AND EMBEOCATIONS. BLISTERENG LINIMENTS, OR LIQUID BLISTERS, AND SWEATING OILS. 1. Powdered Spanish Flies 1 oz., spirit of wine 6 oz., water of ammonia 2 oz. ; let it stand for a week, shaking frequently, and strain. (See No. 11.) — White. 2. Flies 1 oz., euphorbium ^ oz., oil of turjjentine 4 oz. ; digest for 2 or 3 days, and pour off the liquid ; digest the flies, &c., in 4 oz. of spirits of wine and 2 oz. of water of ammonia for 3 or 4 days, shaking frequently ; strain ofE this liquid, and mix it with the former. This is more active than the last.— White. 3. Blaine's Liquid Blister. Spanish flies, coarsely powdered, 8 oz., oil of turpentine 2 quarts ; steep for 3 weeks, strain, and add a quart of olive oil. 4. Blaine's Milder or Sweating Liquid. Mix 4 oz. of the last \vith 6 oz. of oil. 5. Clater's Strong Liquid Blister. Si>irits of turpen- tine coloured with alkanet, 1 gallon, powdered flies 1 ft ; macerate for a month, shaking daily, then pour off the clear fluid for use. 6. Common or Sweating Liquid. Mix the last with equal ]jart of spermaceti oil. 84 MEDICINES EOE HORSES 7. Powdered flies 3 oz., spirit of tui'peutme a inni ; digest for a few days. — Yocatt. 8. Blistering Liquid. The \'iiiegar of cantliaridos (Acetuni Caiitharides. Epispasticuiu) of the British Phar- macopoeia. 9. Blistering Liniment for immediate use. Spanish flies in fine powder 1 oz., oil of turpentine 6 oz. To be rubbed on the belly in infiammation of the boivels. — White, Cantharides 3 drs., in hartshorn 4 oz. ; in a fortnight, strain, and add olive oil 4 oz. — Spooxer. 10. Croton I/iniment. A tincture of croton nuts with oil of turpentine is used as a blister, but is not so eflica- cious as cantharides. — You ATT. 11. White's Mustard Blister. Best flour of mustard 8 oz., water enough to form a paste, oil of turpentine 2 oz. ; water of ammonia 1 oz. 12. Blistering Tincture. Flies 1 oz., proof spirit 8 oz. ; macerate 2 or 3 weeks ; mix and filter. To be rubbed in, and repeated next day if necessary. — White. 13. Saturated tincture of cantharides 1 oz., bicliloride of mercury 6 grs. — Kent. 14. Powdered cantharides 1 dr., oli\e oil 2 oz. To be applied every 48 hours for a week in old spavin. — Taplix. 15. Oil of Cantharides (by infusion). Digest 1 ounce of powdered cantharides in 8 ounces of olive oil in a water- bath, for two hours, and strain. 16. Cantharides Solution (for setons). Digest 1 ounce of p. flies with 8 of oil of tviri^entine, with a gentle heat, for 14 days ; strain, and add to the clear liquid an equal weight of Canada balsam. Soak the cotton cord in the solution, draw it between the finger and thumb, and dry it. — Morton. STIMULATING LINIMENTS. 1. Soft soap 4 oz., camj^hor 1 oz., proof spirit 2 pints, water of ammonia \ pint. — V. C. 2. Sweet oil 2 oz., sjnrit of hartshorn 1 oz., oil of tur- pentine i oz. — White. 3. Common oil 6 oz., liquid blister 2 or 3 oz. : in chronic sprains. — Blaine. 4. Soap Liniment. Soft soap 6 oz., water 8 oz. ; dis- LINIMENTS AND EMBBOCATIONS 85 solve, and acid 1 pint of rectified spirit, in which is dis- solved 2 oz. camphor, 1 oz. oil of rosemary, and 2 to 4 oz. strong water of ammonia. — White. 5. For splints. Oil of origanum 1 oz., spirit of turpen- tine 1 oz., spirit of wine ^ oz. To be applied night and morning for a few days, discontinuing it as often as any moisture appears. — Lancet. 6. For the same purpose. Oil of origanum ^ oz., oil of turpentine ^ oz., campliorated spirit of wine 2 oz. — Taplin. 7. For sprains, old sivellings, rheumatism, cf'c. Spirit of hartshorn 2 oz., camphorated spirit 2 oz., oil of turpentine 1 oz., laudaniim | oz., oil of origanum 1 dr. 8. Camphorated oil 4 oz., oil of turpentine 1 oz., oil of origaniim 1 dr. 9. For callous sicellings after bruises. Soap liniment 4 oz., camphor 2 drs., water of ammonia 1 oz. 10. For indolent tumours : Mercurial ointment 2 oz., olive oil 2 drs., camphor 2 drs. 11. Olive oil 4 oz., water of ammonia 2 oz., oil of tur- pentine 2 oz. 12. For strains. Barbadoes tar 2 oz., sjiirit of tiirpen- tine 2 oz., opodeldoc 4 oz.— Taplin. 13. Oil of turpentine 2 parts, muriatic acid 1 part. — Pott. 14. Camphorated oil 4 parts, oil of turpentine and tinc- ture of cantharides, of each 2 parts, acetic acid 1 oz. — Lebas. 15. Turpentine Liniment. Equal parts of oil of tur- pentine and oil. Digestive and rubefacient. — V. C. 16. Compound Turpentine Liniment. Soft soap 4 oz., camphor 1 oz., oil of tiirpentine 16 oz. ; mix. — V. C. LINIMENT FOR EOG SPAVIN. Mercurial ointment 2 oz., oil of cantharides 4 drs. — Moeton. LINIMENT FOR SORE BACKS. Extract of lead \ oz., vinegar 1 oz., olive oil 2 oz. — White. LINIMENTS FOR ITCHING HUMOURS, MANGE LICE, &c. 1. Equal parts of oil of tar, oil of turpentine, and seal 86 MEDICINES FOR IIOESES oil. Apply every second day for 2 or 3 times, then wash. —V. C. 2. Sulphnr 4 oz., turpentine 4 oz., oil of tar and train oil 6 or 8 oz. The parts to be first washed with soft soap, and dried. 3. For lice: Sublimate 1 dr., muriatic acid 3 drs., tobacco water 2 pints, oil of turpentine 4 oz. — White. 4. Liniment for Mange. Goulard's extract of lead 2 oz., olive or rape oil 2 oz., sulphur 1 oz. LINIMENTS FOR CANKER OF THE FOOT AND BAD THRUSHES. See also Caustics and Lotions. 1. Barbadoes tar 1 oz., oil of turpentine IJ oz. ; mix carefully, and add oil of vitriol 1 di'. — White. 2. Butter of antimony alone. 3. Crystallized verdigris in fine powder 1 oz., honey 2 oz., bole and alum, of each i oz., vinegar to form a lini- ment ; to be mixed over a gentle fire. Greasy applications are to be avoided. — White. 4. Carbolic acid. See also Detergent Liniments, below. DETERGENT LINIMENTS. 1. Oil of turpentine 1 oz., oil of vitriol 2 drs. by measure ; mix in a large gallipot, and when cool, add 2 oz. of linseed oil. — White. _ 2. ^gyjptiacum. Bruised sulphate of copper 12 oz., vinegar 4 fts., treacle 3 lbs. : place over a clear fire, and let it boil up. — R. Claek. 3. Wash for Grease. Sulphate of copper 2 drs., and alum 2 drs. in water 1 pint. MISCELLANEOUS LINIMENTS AND MIXED OILS. See also Embbocations. Creasote Liniment. Creasote 2 oz., oil of turpentine 4 oz., olive oil 4 oz. ; mix; infsfidous sores, tinheaWni wounds, Sfc.—Y. C. ^ Oil of Cantharides. Powdered flies 1 oz., olive oil 8 oz. ; digest in a water-bath for 2 or 3 hours, and filter.— V. C. Goulard Liniment. Extract of lead 1 oz., olive oil 4 oz. — Morton. For excoriated surfaces, cfc. LINIMENTS AND EMBEOCATIONS 87 Saturnine Balsam. Acetate of load 1 oz., oil of turpentine 2 oz. ; digest with a gentle heat. — MoiEorD. Drying Liniment. Linseed oil and spirit of wine, of each equal parts. — Solletsell. Marshmallow Liniment. Olive oil and niarshmallow oint- ment, of each 4 oz. ; melt the ointment and add the oil. — BOUEGELAT. Emollient and Anodyne Liniment. Neatsfoot oil 4 oz., pop- lar ointment, marshmallow ointment, of each 2 oz. — MOIEOUD. Lime-water Liniment. Lime water 8 oz., olive or linseed oil 2 oz. Narcotic Liniment. Olive oil 4 oz., laudanum 2 oz. — MOIEOUD. Liniment for cnnflrmed Orease. Verdigris, sugar of lead, of each \ oz., honey 1 oz. ; mix. — Clatee. Compound Iodine Liniment. Iodine 1 oz., soap liniment 8 oz.— V. C. Turpentine Liniment. Equal parts of turpentine and olive oil.— V. C. Resolvent Liniment. Olive oil 2 oz., strong mercurial oint- ment 2 drs., water of ammonia 2 drs. Black Oils. Olive (or rape) oil 1 pint, oil of turpentine 2 oz., mix, and add gradually 6 drs. of sulphuric acid ; leave the bottle open till cold. — Peecivall. Oils for Mange. Oil of turpentine 1 pint ; add to it, very gradually and cautiously, 2 oz. of oil of vitriol, stirring the mixture constantly, then add a quart of linseed oil ; from 4 to 8 oz. to be rubbed in with a brush every second day, for 3 or 4 times. — Clatee. Waed's White Oils. Spirit of wine, oil of turpentine, rape oil, beef brine, camphor, of each equal parts. White Oils or Egg Oils. 1. Yolks of 2 eggs, 3 oz. solution of ammonia, 1 oz. oil of origanum, 4 oz. oil of tur- pentine, a pint of vinegar ; mix, s. a. — Phaemaceutical Journal. 2. Distilled vinegar 1^ pint, oil of turpentine li dr., spirit of wine 1^ oz., Goulaed's extract of lead i oz., whites and yolks of 2 eggs : mix the turpentine and Goulard with the eggs, gradually add the vinegar, and lastly the spirit. — Redwood's Geay's Supplement, 88 MEDICINES FOR HOESES Liniment of Ammonia. This is sometimes tei'med White Oils. Olive or rape oil 4 oz., water of ammonia 1 oz. Sometimes 1 oz. of oil of turpentine is added to increase its activity. Darhy's Oils. Eqnal parts of oil of amber, Barbadoes tar, and balsam of sulphur. Maeshall's Oils. Linseed oil 1 ft, olive or rape oil 1 ft, green oil ^ ft, oil of turpentine ^ ft, oil of vitriol li drs. Neiumarket Oils. Linseed oil, oil of turpentine, green oil, of each 3 lbs, oil of vitriol 1 oz. Nine Oils. Train oil 23 fts, oil of turpentine 6 ftjs, oil of bricks 1 ft, oil of amber 1 ftj, spirit of camphor 2 ftjs, Barba- does tar 7 ft)s, oil of vitriol 2 oz. — Gray's SrpPLEiiEXT. Eadley's Oils. Barbadoes tar 8 oz., linseed oil 4 oz., oil of tui-pentine 4 oz. Lord Stamford's Mixed Oils. Oil of origanum 6 oz., oil of turpentine 24 oz., spu'it of wine 16 oz., green oil 6 ft)S, camphor 3 oz. EMBEOCATIOXS, VAEIOUS. (See also LrN"i5iE>'TS and Lotioxs.) Embrocation for Strains. 1. Soft soap 1 oz., spirit of wine 4 oz., oil of rosemary 2 drs., camphor 2 drs. 2. For strains in the shoulder. Oil of turpentine 1 oz., camphorated spirit 2 oz. — Blacker. 3. Equal quantities of soft soap, oil of turpentine, sjiirit of wine, and elder ointment. — White. 4. Soft soap 2 oz., oil of bays 1 oz., water of ammonia 1|^ oz., oil of origanum i oz. 5. Barbadoes tar 2 oz., spirit of tuiiientine 2 oz., opo- deldoc 4 oz. After fomenting with hot vinegar and Goulard. — Taplix. Mustard Embrocations. 1. Mustard flour 4 oz., water of ammoiiia 1^ oz., oil of turjjentine 1 oz., water enough to bring it to the consistence of cream. 2. Camphor 1 oz., oil of turpentine 1 oz., water of am- monia 2 oz., flour of mustard 8 oz., water to fonn a thin paste. — White. Embrocations for Poll Evil. Spirit of wine J pint, camphor LOTIOJv''S OR WASHES 89 2 drs., C4oulard's extract of lead 1 dr. ; mix. — Hinds. See DiscTTiEXT Lotions. Embrocations for Saddle-galls or Warhles. 1. Goulard's extract of lead 2 drs., distilled vingar 3 oz., spirit of wiiie 4 oz. — White. 2. Soap liniment and Mindererus spirit, equal parts. 3. Sal ammoniac ^ oz., muriatic acid 2 drs., water 8 to 12 oz. 4. Wliite vinegar 3 oz., spirit of wine 3 oz., sugar of lead 2 drs., water 6 oz. ; mix. — Hinds. Clark's Emhrocatio Frigorifera. Vinegar 4 oz., camphor (dissolved in spirit) \ oz., ^\•ater to fill up a ^\'ine bottle. Clark's Emlrocatio Excitans. Olive oil 3 oz., camphor \ dr., spirit of turpentine ^ oz., water of ammonia 3 drs. Taplin's Embrocation for Windgalls. Oil of origanmn, spirit of turpentine, of each ^ oz., camphorated spirit 1 oz. Applied with tow, and covered -w-ith a piece of lead bound on. LOTIONS AND WASHES. COOLING LOTIONS, for external inflamm&tion. 1. Sal ammoniac 1 oz., nitre 2 oz., water 16 oz. To be used as soon as made. — Morton. 2. Goulard's extract of lead 1 oz., vinegar 2 oz., cam- phorated spirit 3 oz., water 16 oz. ; for recent spavin. — Taplin. 3. V. C. Goulard Water. Goulard's extract 2 drs., spirit 2 drs., soft water 1 pint. 4. White's Sattirnine Lotion. Sugar of lead 1 oz., vinegar and water of each 1 pint. 5. B. Clark's Lotio Refrigerans. Liquor of diacetate of lead 1 dr., spirit of nitric ether 1 dr., water 2 puits. In slight rubs and bruises. DISCUTIENT LOTIONS for dispersing indolent t^umour and saddle-galls and for chronic strains, &c. 1. Mindererus spirit 4 oz., camphorated spirit 4 oz., water 16 oz.— Percivall. 2. Sal ammoniac 1 oz., vinegar 8 oz., camphorated spirit • 1 oz. — Morton. 90 MEDICINES FOR HOESES 3. Tor saddle-galls and warbles. Goulard's extract 2 drs., distilled vinegar 3 oz., spirit of wane 4 oz. — White. 4. Mui'iate of ammonia I oz., mi;riatic acid 2 drs., water 8 to 12 oz. ; /"or saddle-galls and windgalls. — White. 5. Blaine's Saline Emhrocation. Sal ammoniac 8 oz., vinegar 3 pints. 6. Mindererus spirit 2 oz., soap liniment 2 oz. — White. 7. For warhles. White vinegar 3 oz., spirit of wine 3 oz., sugar of lead 2 drs., water 6 oz.— Hinds. 8. Strong solution of salt 1 oz., tincture of myrrh \ oz., for saddle-galls. — YoUATT. 9. Common salt 4 oz., vinegar \ pint, cold water 1 quart, spirit of wine and laudanum, each 1 oz. : in incipient poll-evil. — Clatee. 10. White vinegar 1 pint, extract of lead 2 o?., cam- phorated spirit 4 oz., soft water 1 pint. — Taplin. 11. For strains. Bay salt ^ lb, sal ammoniac 2 oz., sugar of lead i oz., vinegar 1^ pint, water 1 pint. ASTRINGENT LOTIONS, for drying up sores and diminish- ing their discharge (especially in grease and scratched heels), after the inflammation has been subdued by linseed or carrot poultices. 1. Alum 4 oz., boiling water 1 pint, for grease and cracked heel. — Taplin. 2. Alum 2 drs., sulphate of zinc 1 scruple, water 1 pint. — YorATT. 3. Mild, for cracks. Sugar of lead 2 di's., sulphate of zinc 1 dr., infusion of oak bark 1 pint. — Blaine. 4. For confirmed grease. Nitric acid 1 oz., water 8 oz. — Blaine. 5. Strong, Blue vitriol \ oz., alum 3 drs., water 1 pint. — Spoonee. 6. Sugar of lead 1 oz., blue vitriol 1 oz., water 1 quart. — White. 7. Lime water 16 oz., spirit of camphor \ oz., sugar of lead 1 dr. — Bouegelat. 8. Sulphate of iron 2 oz., alum 2 oz., vinegar 8 oz., water 3i- pints. — Moieoud. 9. Tincture of myrrh 1 oz., camphorated spirit 1 oz., distilled vinegar and water, each 2 oz. — Taplin. LOTIONS OR WASHES 91 10. For anburies. Alum 2 oz., water 1 pint, sulphuric acid 1 dr. 11. Sulphate of irou 1 oz., water 1 quart; dissolve and add i oz. (by weight) of oil of vitriol. To toash farcy buds after they have been o^enec/.— Clater. 12. One fluid drachm of carbolic acid in from 6 to 12 oz. of water. DETERGENT LOTIONS, for foul ulcers. 1. Sulphate of copper 1 oz., nitric acid \ oz., water 6 oz. — White. 2. Sulphate of copper 1 oz., sulphm-ic acid 12 drops, water 4 oz. 3. Sulphate of copper 2 drs., M-ater 1 pint : for stimu- lating old ulcers. — Youatt. 4. Sulphate of copper 1 oz., water 1 oz. : to remove fungous granulations. 5. Nitrous acid 1 oz., quicksilver ^ oz. ; dissolve, and add water 8 oz. LOTIONS FOR MANGE. 1. WTiite hellebore 2 oz., tobacco 2 oz., water 3 pints; boil, stram, and add, when cold, a pint of fresh lime-water. — Blaine. 2. Boil 4 oz. of white hellebore in 3 pints of water to 2 pints, and add corrosive sublimate 2 drs., previously dis- solved in 3 drs. of muriatic acid. — White. 3. Boil 2 oz. of tobacco in a quart of water, strain, and add common salt 3 oz., soap 2 oz. — Lebas. 4. Liver of sulphur 2 oz., water 1 quart. — Moirottd. 5. Liver of sulphur 4 oz., soft soap 16 oz., water 2 gallons. — Lebas. 6. Acid nitrate of mercury 2 drs., distilled water 16 oz. — MOIROUD. 7. Mercurial Wash. Sublimate 2 drs., spirit of wine 2 oz., Avater 2 pints. — Clark. 8. Chloride of lime 1 lb, water a gallon. Mix. — Lucas. 9. One fluid drachm of carbolic acid in from 6 to 12 oz. of water. — TusoN, 92 MEDICINES FOE HOUSES VARIOUS LOTIONS. Conglutinum. Sulphate of zinc 4 oz., water a pint. — BracY Claek. BlacJc Wash. For sluggish ulcers. Calomel 2 drs., lime- water 1 pint. Yelloiv Wash. Sublimate 8 grs., limewater 4 oz. Nitric Acid Lotion. Nitric acid 2 or 3 drs., Avater 1 pint; for exciting sluggish ulcers. — Moeton. Lotion of Nitrate of Silver. For the same. Nitrate of silver 10 grs., distilled water 1 oz. — YoUATT. Lotion for Farcy. Dissolve 1 oz. of sulphate of iron in a quart of water, and add 5 oz. of oil of vitriol. — Clater. Styptic Lotion, for Stopping Bleeding. Alum 2 oz., sulphate of zinc 2 drs., water 1 quart. Catechu Lotion for Ulcers of the Mouth. Infuse 2 oz. of catechu in a cpiart of boiling water for an hour ; strain, and add 1 oz. of spirit of wine. (For saddle-galls add 4 oz. of tincture of catechu and 8 oz. common salt.) — ClATER. Lotion of Chloride of Lime. To chloride of lime 1 ft add gradually 1 gallon of water ; mix, and filter or decant : for mange, and as a stimulant to unhealthy wounds and fistulous sores. Diluted with 10 or 15 parts of water, it is used as a lotion for grease, exfoliated bones, &c., and is a disinfectant for foul stables. For ulcers of the tongue, mix 1 dr. of chloride of lime with a pint of water; for mange, 4 drs. to a pint. Wash for destroying Lice about the Legs. Corrosive subli- mate 1 dr., muriatic acid 3 drs., tobacco water 1 quart, oil of turpentine 4 oz. — White. Alum Mouth Wash. Alum 2 drs.,'sage tea a quart. — Eckel. For Bruised Gums. Alum 2 drs., tincture of myri-h 1 oz., honey 1 oz., water 2 oz. — Spooner. Acid Collutorium. Infusion of sage a quart, muriatic acid 1 oz., flour 3 oz., honey 8 oz. To be applied to the mouth frequently. — E CJi el. LOUSE WATER. 1. Tobacco 4 oz., boiling water a quart; infuse for 24 CAFSTICS 93 2. Mercurial. SLiblimate 2 drs., spirit of wine 2 oz., water 1 quart. The following LIQUID CAUSTICS are for canker, thrush, foul, unhealthy wounds, and to remove proud flesh, &c. See also Liniments (Detergent). MILDER. -» 1. Tincture of muriate of iron. 2. Sulphate of copper 1 oz., water from 4 oz. (V. C.) to a pint. — Clatee. 3. Saturated solution of sulphate of zinc : in quitters. — White. 4. Alum i oz., borax | oz., boiling water 4 oz., styptic tincture 1 oz. — Taplin. 5. Muriatic acid, alone or diluted. 6. iEgyptiacum 2 oz., nitrous acid 20 drops. 7. Any of the stronger caustics (except butter of anti- mony) diluted ^^'ith water. 8. Goulard's extract 4 oz., suliihate of zinc 2 oz., sul- phate of cojjper 2 oz. ; white vinegar 32 oz. — Villate. 9. Aloes 5 oz., weak spirit 10 oz. ; dissolve, and add 6 oz. of sulphuric acid. — Dutille. STRONGER. 1. Butter of antimony. This is the safest and most useful caustic in canker. 2. Dissolve 1 oz. of quicksilver, by heat, in 2 oz. of nitric acid, and evaporate till the liquid weighs 2^ oz. 3. Verdigris 1 oz., nitrous (red idtric) acid 1 oz. ; dis- solve. — White. 4. Red precipitate 1 oz., nitrous acid 2 oz. — White. 5. Nitrous acid, alone or with a little water. 6. Sulphuric acid, alone or with a little water. 7. Sublimate 1 dr., muriatic acid 2 drs., water q. s. — White. 8. For canker. Dissolve corrosive sublimate ^ oz. in muriatic acid 1 oz., then add spirits of wine 4 oz., and water 4 oz. 9. Cldoride of zinc with enough water to dissolve it; or Sir William Burnett's Patent Solution. 94 MEDICINES FOR HORSES CAUSTIC FOR POLL-EVIL. 1. Lunar caustic 1 dr., distilled water ^ oz. — Blaixe. 2. Corrosive sublimate 2 drs., water 3 oz. Scalding Mixture for Poll-Evil. 1. Sublimate 2 drs., verdi- gris 2 drs., blue viti'iol 2 di's., sulphate of iron 4 drs., honey 2 oz., oil of turpentine 8 oz., spirit of wAixq 4 oz.; to be applied hot, and confinetL-by stitches. — Gibson. 3. Sublimate 1 dr., finely powdered and mixed with 4 oz. of basilicon, and melted to scalding heat. — Blaine. 4. Caustic potash 1 dr., rubbed down with 4 oz. oil of turpentine. — Blaine. CAUSTIC FOR FARCY BUDS. Sublimate 1 dr., muriatic acid 3 drs., spirit of wine 1 oz., water | oz. — White. SOLID CAUSTICS. Lunar Caustic, Caustic Potash, and Chloride of Zinc. See Argenti nitras, Potassse hydras, and Zinci chloridum, Pocket Formulary. Canquoin's Caustic is made by mixing chloride of zinc with twice its weight of flour and a little water into a stifE paste, which is to be rolled out to the required thickness, and cut to the size of the part to be destroyed, the skin being pre\'iously removed by a blister. Another caustic is made with 2 jjarts of chloride of zinc, 1 of butter of anti- mony, and 5 of flour. Sulphuric Caustic is made by triturating hay saffron wdth oil of vitriol, so as to form a ductile mass. Bouchaedat recommends solidifying the acid by ivory or lamp black. Solidified Nitric Acid is merely lint soaked with strong nitric acid, squeezed, and formed to the required shape. Filho's Caustic is made by melting together in an iron ladle 2 parts of caustic potash and 1 of lime over a quick fire, and pouring it into leaden tubes of the desired size. The air must be excluded when not in use, by beeswax, or other means. FOMENTATIONS. These should be applied moderately warm (about 120° P.) by means of flannel dipped in the liquid, and frequently renewed from time to time, keepmg the parts covered. Umollient. 1. Coarse bran 2 double handfuls, water 6 quarts, boil and strain, ETE-WATEES 95 2. Mallow-leaves 8 oz., water 4 quarts ; boil and strain ; 6 poppy-heads may be added. Anodyne. 1. Boil 24 poppy-heads and 2 handfuls of hem- lock in G quarts of water for 2 hours, and strain. — White. 2. Ik'Uadouna 2 handfuls, 6 poppy-heads, water 3 quarts ; boil and sti'ain. — MoiEOUD. 3. Dried worm\\'Ood and chamomile, of each 4 oz., bay- leaves 2 oz., rue 3 oz. ; boil in a gallon of water. 4. Take wormwood, chamomile, mallow (or either of them), cut them to pieces, and put 2 handfuls into a bucket, pour scalding water on them, and cover with a cloth. — B. Claek. Discutient and Astringent. Vinegar or verjuice 1 quart j make it hot, and add 2 oz. of Goulard's extract of lead ; apply warm; in strains of the sinetvs of the legs. — Taplin. COLLYRIA, OR EYE- WATERS. 1. Acetate of lead, and sulphate of zinc, of each, 3 dr. to 1 dr. ; dissolve them separately in ^ pint of boiled water ; mix, and filter. 2. Sugar of lead 10 to 20 grains, water, 8 oz. — Morton. 3. Extract of lead 1 dr., spirit 2 tb's., water 8 oz. — White. 4. Sol. Acetate of ammonia (B. P.) 3 oz., rose-water 6 oz. — Blaine. 5. Sugar of lead 2 drs., vinegar § oz., soft water 16 oz., rose-water 4 oz. — Blaine. 6. Infuse 1 oz. of foxglove in 2 pints of boiling water, and strain. — Youatt. 7. Tincture of opium 2 drs., water 8 oz., extract of lead 1 dr. — White. 8. Brandy 1 oz., vinegar 1 oz., tincture of opium 2 drs., rose-water 8 oz. — Blaine. 9. Extract of henbane 1 dr., water 8 oz. — White. 10. Decoction of poppies 8 oz., saffron | dr., uifuse the saffron in the hot decoction. — Lebas. 11. Lapis di\inus, 3 drs., soft water | pint. — Clatee. 12. Common salt i dr., water 6 oz. — Youatt. 13. For Watery Bloodshot Eyes. Burnt alum 1 oz., calcined white vitriol 1 oz., boiling water 3 pints. — Bbacken, 96 MEDICKfES FOR HORSES 14. Emollient. Infusion of marsbmallow leaves or flov/ers 1 quart, starch (rubbed smooth with a little water) ^ oz. ; mix and boil. To be used warm. — MoiEOUD. 15. Astringent. Almn 2 drs., whites of 2 eggs, water J pint ; mix in a mortar. — BOFEGELAT. 16. Tincture of digitalis J oz., soft water 8 oz. — Clatee. 17. To remove Opacity of the Cornea. Nitrate of silver 10 grs., distilled water 1 oz. 1 or 2 drops to be dropjjed in the eye. — Youatt. 18. For Cloudiness of tlie Eye. Sublimate 4 grs., spirit of wine 20 drops ; rub together, and add soft water 4 oz. A few drops to be introduced into the eye 3 or 4 times a day. — Clatee. 19. Tincture of aloes 1 oz., rose-water 8 oz. — Lebas. 20. Stimulating. Infusion of elder flowers IGoz., brandy 2 oz. MOIEOI'D. 21. Lapis inirabilis i oz., water 4 to 8 oz. Tlie Lapis mirahilis is thus made : 'N^liite vitriol 2 lbs, rock alum 3 lbs, tiue bole \ lb, litharge 2 oz., ^vater 3 quarts ; boil together to dryness. — Sollexsell. 22. Alum Collyrium. Decoction of marshmallow 16 oz., alum 2 drs., camphorated spirit 1 dr. ; mix. To be used towards the decline of inflammation. — SteausS. 23. Tannin Collyrium. Dissolve 1 dr. of tannin in 13 bz. of water, and add 3 oz. of cherry-laiirel water. 24. Sulphate of zinc 8 grs., water 4 oz. In chronic in- flammation. — Clatee. 25. In Specific Ophthalmia. Tincture of opium 2 drs., extract of belladonna 1 dr., with distilled water 1 pint. SUNDEY SOLUTIOJs^S, &c. Styptic Stone. Sulphate of iron 8 oz., sal ammoniac, sul- phate of zinc, and oxide of copper, each 1 oz. ; mix, and melt together with a gentle heat. About the size of a nut of this compound to be dissolved in a quart of warm water and applied \\ith compresses renewed every 3 or 4 hours : for saddle-galls, kicks, sprains, bruises, ulcers, and as a collyrium. — KxArP. Lapis Divinus. Sulphate of copper, alum, nitre, of each SUNDRY SOLUTIONS, ETC. 97 3 oz. ; mult together, and stir iu 1 tli'. of camphor : used in eye-icaters and lotions. Wound Stone. Aluiu, sulphate of zmc, of each 3 oz., verdi- gris and sal aminoniac, of each, 1 dr. ; melt together, and add J dr. of powdered saffron : detergent and drying. Clark's Conglutimim. Sulphate of zinc 4 oz., water a pint. Solution of Alum. Ahim 1 oz., water 16 oz. Dissolve. — V.C. Solution of Sulphate of Zinc. Sulphate of zinc 1 oz., water 3 oz. — V. C. In quitters. Solution of Sulphate of Copper. Sulphate of copper 1 oz., water 4 oz. — V. C. Compound Solution of the same. Sulphate of copper 3 oz., alum 3 oz., water 2 Its., sulphuric acid IJ- oz. Solution of Bichloride of Mercury. Sublimate, and hj-dro- cliloric acid, each 1 part, spirit or water 7 parts. — V. C. Goulard Water. Extract of lead 1 oz., camphorated spirit 2 oz., rain water a quart. — Taplix. V. C. uses extract of lead and rectifie'TS, No. 4. 4. Yellow basilicon 2 oz., black basilicon 1 oz. ; melt together, remove from the fire, add 1 oz. of lurijentine, and i oz. finely powdered red precipitate. — Taplin. 5. Verdigris Ointment. Verdigris in fine powder 1 part, common turpentine 1 part, lard 12 parts; mix. — Morton. DIGESTIVE OINTMENTS, to promote a discharge from unhealthy and indolent ulcers. 1. Resin 16 oz., linseed oil 12 oz. ; melt together with a gentle heat. — Clark. 102 MEDICINES FOR HOESES 2. Strained turpentine, honey, of each 2 oz. ; yolks of 4 eggs, myn-li I oz., aloes 1 oz. ; mix. — Solleysell. 3. Equal parts of common turpentine and lard melted together. — White. 4. To 1 ft of the last add 1 oz. of finely powdered ver- digris. — White. 5. Yellow wax 3 oz., common turpentine 3 oz., black pitch 1 oz., resin 6 oz., linseed oil 16 oz. ; melt together with a gentle heat, then add oil of turpentine 4 oz., and stir till cold. 6. Olive oil 1 pint, yellow wax and black resin, of each 4 oz.. Burgundy pitch and turpentine, of each 2 oz. ; melt the other ingredients, and add the turpentine when it is removed from the fire. — Taplin. 7. Common turpentine 1 part, lard 3 parts ; melt toge- ther.— V. C. 8. (Basilicon.) Eesin 5 oz., yellow wax 2 oz., lard 8 oz. ; melt together. 9. (Black Basilicon.) Pitch, M-ax, resui, of each 11 oz., olive (or rape or linseed) oil a pint. EYE OINTMENTS. The powder should be very fine, and the whole rubbed smooth. 1. Nitrate of silver 5 to 10 grs., lard 1 oz. ; rub till per- fectly smooth. The size of a pea to be introduced between the lids, in chronic ophthalmia. — MoHTOX. 2. Calamine 5 oz., tutty 5 oz., sulphate of copper ^ dr., svdphate of zinc i oz., alum ^ oz., camphor 2 drs., fresh butter 3 oz. ; mix, and apply warm, with a featlier, to watery, inflamed eyes. — Bracken. 3. Ointment of nitrated quicksilver 1 dr., zinc ointment 1 oz., camphor 1 dr. 4. In inflammation of the eyelids. Verdigris 1 part, Venice tm-pentine 1, lard 12. — Morton. 5. For zvounds in the eye. Tutty ointment 1 oz., honey of roses 2 drs., calcined white vitriol 20 grs. : apply with a feather night and morning, and sponge daily with warm milk and water. — Bracken. 6. For removing opacity of the cornea. Iodine 2 grs., iodide of potassium 20 grs., lard or butter ^ oz. OINTMENTS, CEKATES, ETC. ]03 EUPHORBIUM OINTMENT. Eupliorbimn 1, lard 8 parts ; mix. — Delafosse. OINTMENTS FOR SCURVY AND CRACKED HEELS, AND CONFIRMED GREASE. The inflammation should be first subdued by poultices. The milder preparations (which are here placed first) should be employed in the first instance, and afterwards those for coufinned grease. 1. For scurvy heels. Goulard's extract 5 dr., lard 1 oz., mix. The heels should first be gently rubbed with soap and water. — Clater. 2. For scurvy or cracked heels. Sugar of lead ^ oz., oxide of zinc ^ oz., lard or palm oil, 4 oz. 3. Melt together 3 oz., white diachylon, 4 oz. olive oil ; mix and when nearly cold, add 3 drs. of sugar of lead in fine powder. First wash the heel, then apply the Astrin- gent Lotion No. 9, and afterwards this ointment ; or elder ointment 4 oz., camphor 6 drs., laudanum 2 drs., extract of lead 2 drs. ; mix. — Taplin. 4. Melt yellow wax 2 oz., with sweet oil 8 oz., and add sugar of lead \ oz. 5. Healing ointment for crached heels. Lard 4 lbs., resin 1 ft; melt together, and stir in 1 ft true calamine. — Clatee. See also SoFTENiwa and Coolixg Ointments (below). 6. For craehed heels and grease. Alum 1 oz., turpen- tine 1 oz., lard 3 oz. ; melt the turpentine and lard, and stir in the powdered alum. — V. C. 7. For grease, Venice turpentine 4 oz., wax 1 oz., lard 4 oz. ; melt together, and add sugar of lead 1 oz. (or alum 2 oz.) in fine powder. — -White. 8. Lard, honey, common turpentine, each 8 oz. ; melt together, and add powdered alum 6 oz., white vitriol 2 oz. 9. Common turpentine 1 ft ; melt, and add powdered alum 1 J fts., bole 2 fts. ; stir till cold ; spread on browii paper, and tie over with list. 10. Lard 5 ft, honey ^ ft, common tm'pentine 5 ft ; melt, and add p. alum 1 ft, white vitriol 2 oz.; stir till cold, 11. For confirmed grease. Common verdigris 5 oz., 104 MEDICINES FOR fiOESES alum, sulphate of zinc, sugar of lead, of each 5 oz. ; tar 6 oz. — Blaine. 12. Citrine ointment 3 oz., lard 2 oz., turpentine 2 di's., saturated solution of nitrate of copper 2 drs. — Blaine. 13. Jigyptiacum 8 oz., lard 4 oz., siilphate of zinc in poM'der 1 oz. ; rub together till perfectly mixed. — Las- SAIGNE. 14. Prepared verdigris 1 oz., lard 4 oz., honey a sufficient quantity. — DelA¥OSSE. 15. Choride of lime 1 to 2 parts ; lard 3 parts ; mix. To remove the fetor, in grease. — Moeton. OINTMENTS TO PEOMOTE THE GEOWTH OF THE HAIE, and to remove the blemish froni broken knees. 1. Camphor ^ dr., oil of rosemary 1 dr., weak mercurial ointment 1 oz., ivory-black and bole to colour. — White. 2. Poplar-bud ointment and honey, applied twice a day for 15 or 20 days.— Pte. 3. Calamine 2 drs., prepared charcoal 1 dr., oil of tur- pentine 1 dr., lard 4 drs. ; rub well together v>'ith 1 dr. of lalister ointment.— Clatee. 4. Liquid blister (No. 3, 6, or 7) 1 dr., ivory black 1 dr., camphor 1 dr., palm oil 1 oz. 5. Citrine ointment 1 oz., camphor 1 dr., colour as above. HELLEBOEE OINTMENT. Powdered white hellebore 1 part, lard 8 parts ; an irritating dressing for rowels and setons. — V. C. HOOF OINTMENT. Tar and tallow, equal parts, melted together. — White. IODINE OINTMENT (Simple). Iodine 1 part, lard 8 parts; mix. — V. C. FAECY OINTMENT. Iodine 1 dr., lard 1 oz., mercurial ointment 1 oz., mix. Useful when the complaint is con- fined to one leg ; from 5 to 10 grains of iodide of potas- sium being given daily, with a miivral tonic. IODINE OINTMENT (Compound). Iodine 1 dr., iodide of potassium 2 drs., lard 2 oz. — V. C. OINTMENTS, CEEATES, ETC. 105 IODIDE OF MERCURY OINTMENT. Red iodide of uierciiry 1 part, lard or palm oil 7 j^arts ; mix ; the size of a nut to be rubbed on daily; in thorouglipin. For Strangles. Iodide of mercury 1 dr., lard 1 oz. — Spoonee. OINTMENTS FOR MANGE AND LICE. 1. Sulphur 4 oz., soft soap 4 oz., oil of bays 4 oz., train oil q. s. 2. Sulphur 1 oz., train oil 1 oz., Venice turpentine 2 oz. — YOI'ATT. 3. Train oil 3 oz., sulphur 1 oz., oil of turpentine 6 oz. — White. 4. Sulphur 8 oz., common tvu'pentine 2 oz., strong mer- curial ointment 2 oz., linseed oil 1 pint ; rub the flowers of sulphur with a fourth part of the oil, then rub in the turpentine and ointment, and gradually add the rest of the oil ; half to be rubbed in daily for three days ; on the sixth day, v.ash off with soft soap and warm water. — CxATER. 5. Oil of turpentine 3 oz., oil of vitriol 1 oz. ; mix cax;tiously, avoiding the fumes, and add melted lard 8 oz., train oil 4 oz., oil of turpentine 2 oz., flowers of sulphur or sulphur vi\'um 4 oz. ; stir till cold ; apjily daily for 3 or 4 times, and give an alterative powder twice a day. — White. 6. Oil of bay 16 oz., .strong mercurial ointment 6 oz., oil of turpentine 2 oz., soft soap 4 oz. ; mix and apply in the sun ; but it is not quite safe. — Beacke>". 7. Oil of turpentine 4 oz., oil of tar 4 oz., train oil 8 oz., sulphur 4 oz. 8. Sulphur vivum 8 oz., powdered stavesacre 1 oz., mercurial ointment 2 oz., tvirpentine 2 oz.j lard or train oil 8 oz. — Blaine. 9. Sulphiir 4 oz., white hellebore ^ oz., oil of tar 3 oz., train or linseed oil 12 oz. — Spoo>'EE. 10. Soft soap and tar, equal parts. 11. Weak mercurial ointment \ lb, sulphur ^^\'^ml 4 oz., white hellebore 3 oz., black pepper 3 oz., oil of tar 1 oz., olive oil enough to make it soft : use daily for 7, 10, fir 14 days. — Taplin. 106 MEDICINES FOR HORSES OINTMENTS FOR MALLENDERS AND SALDENDERS, (Scurvy eruptions.) 1. Citrine ointment 2 oz., tar ointinent 1 oz. ; mix. 2. Lard 2 oz., finely powdered red precipitate 2 drs. — White. 3. Sugar of lead 1 part, tar 2, lard 6 ; mix, give a diu- retic ball occasionally. — Yoi'Att. 4. Lard 2 oz. ; melt, and stir in Goulard's extract 1 oz. — White. 5. Quicksilver 1 oz., common turpentine 3 oz. ; mix. — Bracken. 6. Sublimate 10 grs., mercurial ointment 1 oz. ; mix. 7. Iodide of potassium 1 dr., lard 2 oz., Goulard's extract 4 drs. ; mix. 8. Camphor 1 dr., sugar of lead ^ dr., mercurial oint- ment 1 oz. ; mix, and apply after washing with soap and water. — Blaine. 9. Naphthalin 1 dr., cod-liver oil 1 oz., zinc ointment 1 oz. MARSHMALLOW OINTMENT. The following is often substituted for the Pharmacopoeia preparation : Rape oil 1 ft, yellow wax 6 oz., palm oil ^ ft, common turpentine 1 oz. MERCURIAL OINTMENT. This is prepared in the usual way ; but Venice tiirpentine is often iised to kill the quicksilver more speedily, as it does not interfere with its veterinary uses. Strong Merctirial Ointment. 1. Quicksilver 16 oz., Venice turpentine 2 oz. ; rub together till the metal is killed, then add 16 oz. of lard. 2. Quicksilver 16 oz., liquid styrax 5 drs., lard 3 oz. ; triturate until the metal disappears, and add 12 oz. more lard. — Cressent. Weaker Mercnrial Ointment. 1. Sti'ong mercurial ointment 1 part, lard 2 parts. 2. Quicksilver 2 oz., balsam of sulphur \ oz. ; rub together till the globules disappear, and add 6 oz. of lard. — Taplin. Compound Mercurial Ointment. Mercurial ointment 1 part, soft soap 2 parts, — V.C. OINTMENTS, CEKATES, ETC. 107 RESOLVENT OINTMENTS, for indolent tnniom-s of the withers, spavins, windgalls, farcy buttons, splints, &c. 1. Strong mercurial ointment 4 oz., cantharides in powder i oz., oil of rosemary 2 drs. — White. 2. Biniodide of mercury 1 part, lard or palm oil 7 parts; rub together in a mortar; the quantity of a nut to be rubbed on daily till a scurf is produced : for spavin and thoroughpin. — Spooner. 3. Blister ointment 2 oz., strong mercurial ointment 1 oz., soft soap i oz., oil of bays 3 drs., yellow wax 3 drs.; melt the wax by a gentle heat, add the other ingredients, mix by stirring, remove, and stir till cold. — Lebas. 4. Common turpentine 12 parts, corrosive sublimate 1 part ; mix. — Giraed. OINTMENT OF NITKATE OF SILVER. Nitrate of silver 5 to 10 grs., lard 1 oz. — MoRTOX. CREASOTE OINTMENT. Creasote 1 part, lard 8 parts.— V. C. MILD CITRINE OINTMENT. Ointment of nitrate of quicksilver 1 part, lard and oil, of each 2 parts. In tarsal ophthalmia. SOFTENING AND COOLING OINTMENTS, for cracks, and ulcers on tlie heel, &c. 1. Spermaceti ointment 4 oz., olive oil 1 oz., sugar of lead 2 drs., oxide of zinc 1 oz. — White. 2. Extract of lead i- dr., lard 1 oz. ; mix. — Clater. 3. Marshmallow ointment 4 oz., extract of lead 3 drs., elder ointment \ oz., calamine 1 oz. OINTMENT FOR SIT-FASTS, and all hard tumours. Strained ammoniacum 4 oz., mercurial ointment 8 oz., oil of turpentine 10 oz. — Hinds. OINTMENTS FOR SORE BACKS AND SADDLE- GALLS. (See Lotions, Vet. Formulary.) 1. Camphor 2 dr., oil of rosemary 1 dr., elder ointment or lard 3 oz. . 108 MEDICINES Foil HOUSES 2. Marsliuiallow ointment 4 oz., extract of lead 1 oz. — White SULPHUPJC ACID OINTMENT. 1. Sulphuric acid 1 dr., lard 1 oz. ; mix. 2. Sulphuric acid 1 fluid oz., lard 8 oz., oil of turpentine 1 oz. OINTMENT FOR SPAVINS AND WINDGALLS. (See Resolye>-t Ointments, above.) TAR OINTMENT. Equal parts of tallow and tar, melted together. OINTMENTS FOR THRUSH AND CANKER. 1. Common verdigris j oz., calamine j oz., sulphate of zinc 1 dr., tar 3 oz. — Blaixe. 2. Blue vitriol 2 oz., white vitriol 1 oz., rubbed do^xii and mixed with lard 2 its., tar 1 ft ; a pledget of tow covered with it to be introduced into the cleft of the frog every night, and renewed in the morning. — Youatt. 3. Thrush Paste. — Alum, blue vitriol, white vitriol, of each 1 oz. ; rub them into a fine powder ; melt 2 lbs. of tar with 1 ft of lard, and when getting cool, stir in the powder. — Clater. 4. Verdigris 1^ oz. (or burnt ahmi 8 oz.), red lead 8 oz., treacle 4 lbs. ; boil to a proper consistence, and add 1 oz. of nitrous acid. — Feeon. 5. Barbadoes tar 4 oz., suli^huric acid ^ oz. — Spoonee. G. In Canke?\ Tar 4 parts, nitric acid 1 part ; mix. — MOETOX. OINTMENTS FOR FARCY BUDS. 1. Sublimate 1 oz., white arsenic i oz., yellow arsenic ^ oz., euphorbium ^ oz., oil of bays 4 oz. ; mix. — Lamotte. 2. (Topiqtie I'errat.) Corrosive sublimate 1 oz., white and yellow arsenic each ^ oz., oil of bays 4 oz. ; mix with a gentle heat. TURPENTINE OINTMENT. Common turpentine 1 part, lard 3 jmrts; melt together. — V. C. OINTMENTS, CERATES, ETC. 109 VERDIGRIS OINTMENT. Vci-Lligris in powder 1 part, common turpentine 1 part, lard 12 parts : for foul ulcers and tarsal opMhalmia. — Moeton. OINTMENT FOR WARTS AND ANBURIES. Muriate of ammonia 2 drs., powdered savin 1 oz., lard 1^ oz. ; to be applied daily. — Blaise. OINTMENTS FOR CHRONIC VIVES. 1. Emetic tartar 2 drs., olive oil 1 dr. ; rub together till smooth, and add lard 1 oz. 2. Iodide of potassium 1 dr., palm oil 1 oz. ; rub toge- ther till quite smooth. — Clatee. ASTRINGENT PASTE, for broken kiiees and for wounds after the iuflamniatiou has subsided. 1. Powdered alum aud pipeclay, mixed with water to the consistence of cream. For broken knees it may be coloured \nth bole and lamp-black. — White. 2. Paste for Open Knee- Joint. Flour and stale beer, boiled to the consistence of paste, and coloured as above. To be spread thick aU round the joint, and covered with a pledget of tow, and ^ sheet of bro^^^l paper ; aud the leg of a cotton stocking ckawii over the whole. The stocking to be covered with the paste, and enveloped with 2 calico bandages regularly applied. — Tuenee. STOPPING FOR THE FEET. 1. Cow-dung beaten v.ith a fom'tli part of clay. — YOUATT. 2. Soft soap 4 oz., Barbadoes tar 16 oz., linseed meal 2i lbs.— White. 3. Tallow and tar, equal parts, melted together. 4. Common tar 2 parts, soft soap 1 part, linseed meal q. s. To be spread over the solo of the foot \ of an inch thick, covered with a layer of tow, aud a leather sole over all.— V. C. HOOP OINTMENTS. 1. Equal parts of wax, olive oil, lard, veal suet, tur- pentine, and honey ; melt the wax and lard with the oil 110 MEDICINES FOE HORSES by a gentle heat, remove from the fire, and add the honey and turpentine, stirring till cold; when intended to em- hellish the hoof as well as to soften it, it may be coloured with lamp-black or ivory-black. — Bouegelat. 2. Tallow 4 lbs., beeswax 4 oz., tar ^ ft ; melt slowly, remove from the fire, and when they begin to cool, stir together. A portion of pitch may' be added when in- tended to fill fissures, &c. — Beacy Clark. COMPOSITION FOR SAND CRACKS. Beeswax 4 oz., yellow resin 2 oz., common turpentine 1 oz., tallow i oz. ; melt together ; fill the cracks with the composition, and turn the horse out to grass. SUPPLING LINIMENT FOR BRITTLE HOOF. Oil of tar 1 pyit, fish oil 2 pints.— Clateb. CHAE&ES. The usual method of applying charges is to soften the com- pound by heat, and apply it with a large spatula to the part, as warm as the animal can comfortably bear it, and while warm, to cover it with cut tow. Charges are used for old sprains of the loins, strains of the back sinews, wind- galls, &c. Cold charges are spread on cloth or leather, and renewed as they become di-y. 1. Simple Charges. Pitch 4 oz., turpentine 1 oz. — Gaspaein. 2. For Strains of the Loins. Pitch 4 lbs., turi)entine 6 oz., olive oil 4 oz.; melt together.— B. Claek. 3. Burgundy pitch 4 oz., wax 4 oz., yellow resin 4 oz., connnon turpentine 1 oz. ; melt together, and when it begins to thicken, stir m 1 oz. of bole. — White. 4. Burgundy or connnon pitch 5 oz., tar 6 oz., wax 1 oz. ; melt together, and when they are becoming cool, stir in i dr. of powdered cantharides. — YotTATT. 5. Pitch 3 fts., tar 1 ft, beeswax \ ft ; melt together. — ClATEE. 6. Resin 2 oz.. Burgundy pitch 4 oz.,Barbadoe8 tar 2 oz., wax 3 oz., red lead 4 oz. — White. POWDERS 111 7. Pitch 8 oz., suet 4 oz., oil of turpentine 3 oz. ; tinc- ture of cantliarides 3 oz. — Delafosse and Lassaigne. 8. Cold Charge. Eole \ ft, white of egg and vinegar, to form a soft paste, to Ije applied on doubled cloth or leather, and removed as it dries ; for sjjrains in the back slneivs. — Bracken. 9. Bruised leaves of elder, or cabbage, or mallow. — B. Claek. 10. Mercurial Charge. B. pitch 1^, wax I5 ibs. ; melt, and add, while cooling, 9 oz. of mercurial ointment pre- viously mixed with 6 drs. of iodine. — Mr. S. Fisher. 11. Soot Charge. Common tui'pentine 4^ oz., soot 3 oz. ; mix. — Delafond. POWDEES FOR OUTWAED USE. ASTRINGENT POWDERS; chiefly used for sprinkling greasy or ulcerated heels, after the inflammation has been sulxlued by poultices, — and in joint wounds. 1. Calamhie (true) 4 parts, alum 1 part; mix. — Morton. 2. Burnt alum, dried sulphate cf iron, and myrrh, equal parts. — V. C. (Comp. powder of alum.) 3. Alum 1 dr., charcoal i oz., chalk 2 oz. — Blaine. 4. Sulphate of zinc, chalk slightly calcined, white pepper, in equal parts. — B. Clark. 5. Alum 4 oz., bole 1 oz. — White. 6. Oak bark 1 oz., verdigris 2 drs. — BlAINE. 7. White vitriol 2 oz., oxide of zinc 1 oz. — White. 8. Prepared chalk 4 oz., sulphate of zinc 1 oz., charcoal 1 oz., Armenian bole 2 oz. — Spoonee. DETERGENT AND ESCHAROTIC POWDERS; for cleansing foul ulcers and repressing fungvis or proud flesh. They should all be very finely powdered and well mixed. 1. Equal parts of calcined white vitriol and alum. — Bracken. 2. Bole 2 drs., blue vitriol or verdigris 1 oz. — White. 3. Red precipitate I oz., acetate of copper | oz., cala- mine ^ oz. — Blaine, 112 MEDICINES FOE HORSES 4. Red precipitate j oz., burnt alum 2 clrs. 5. Blue vitriol 1 oz., alum 1 oz., white lead 1 oz. 6. Equal parts of verdigris and sugar of lead. — Clater. 7. Ahim, dried sulphate of iron, and myrrh, equal parts : in Joint wounds. 8. Alum, sulphate of iron, of zinc, and of copper, of each 1 oz., muriate of ammonia ^ oz., camphor and saffron, of each, I5 dr. — Bouchaedat. STYPTIC POWDER. Alum, with an equal or double weight of flour. — White. STYPTIC STONE. See Sundry Solutions, under " Medi- cine for Horses," further back. SNEEZING POWDERS. The mgredients to be very finely jjowdered and mixed. 1. Asarabacca 4 drs., white hellebore 1 dr., mix, and keep in a battle for use. — Bracken. 2. SnufE 1 oz., hellebore 1 dr., euphorbium 10 to 20 grs. — Peck. 3. In Incipient Cataract. Turpeth mineral 2 drs., asarabacca 4 drs. ; mix, and ajiply as much as will lie upon a sixpence, daily. — Bracken. MEDICINES FOR NEAT CATTLE. DEINKS OE DRENCHES. Note. — The peculiar structure of the digestive organs in cattle renders it proper to give their medicines in a liquid form. For the same reason, drenches should be given very slowly, so as to enter at once the third or fourth stomach. It is only in cases of hoven or blown, that it is desirable to introduce medicine into the first stomach or rumen. For treatment of the Cattle Plague q/'l865, see p. 125. PURGING and LAXATIVE DRENCHES. These are given when fever exists, or is threatened; to prevent downfalls of the udder ; after calving, to prevent milk- fever ; to remove undue accumulations in costiveuess ; in the first stage of red- water, and jaundice; and in all infiauunatory complaints. 1. Epsom salts 8 oz., sulphur 4 oz., ginger 2 drs., warm water a pint, linseed oil 12 oz. — Spoojn'eb. 2. Epsom salts 6 or 8 oz., castor oil 8 oz., gruel Ij pint, ginger ^ oz. 3. Glauber's or Epsom salts 16 oz. (or in bad cases with fever, 2i oz.), caraways 1 oz., ^varm gruel a quart. — Clater. 4. Castor oil from 16 to 24 oz., with gruel ; but it is uot to be depended on. 5. To No. 3, add 2 or 3 drs. of gamboge, or 4 drs. of aloes. 6. .Sulphur 8 oz., ginger ^ oz., warm gruel a quart : in rheumatism, or joint-fellon. — Clater. 7. Common salt 6 oz., flour of mustard a tablespoonful, grated ginger or ground pepper, of either, a teaspoonful, gin i pint, water 2 pints. 8 Il4 MEDICINES FOR NEAT CATTLE 8. Common salt 1 ft, warm water, or gruel, q. s. Tlie last three are only proper where there is not much fever. 9. In Red-toate)\ Sulphate of magnesia 8 to 16 oz., sulphur 2 to 6 oz., carbonate of ammonia ^ oz., ginger i oz., warm water q. s. ; a fourth of this every 6 hours till the bowels are sufficiently acted on. — Spoonee. 10. When the last does not operate. Calomel 20 grs., yeast ^ pint. — Haeeis. 11. Aloes 4 to 6 dr., common salt 4 to 6 oz., ginger 1 to 3 drs., water a q\iart, anodyne tincture 2 oz. : in red- water. — White. 12. Cordial Purgatives. Aloes 4 drs., Epsom salts 4 oz., ginger 1 dr., carminative tincture 2 oz., water 1 quart. — White. 13. In the commencement of j)uerperal or milk fever. Epsom salts 6 or 8 oz., powdered croton seeds 20 to 30 grs., ginger 4 drs. ; in 3 or 4 pints of gruel : rej)eat in 6 hours, if required, without the croton seeds. — Blaine. 14. In locked jaw. Barbadoes aloes IJ oz., powdered croton kernel 10 grs., boiling water q. s. ; given when cool. — Clateb. 15. Mild laxative and tonic. Epsom salts ^ ft, sulphur 4 to 6 oz., ginger J oz., gentian \ oz., warm water q. s. — Eveson. 16. In flatulent colic with costiveness. Aloes li oz., carbonate of potash 3 drs., ginger ^ oz., warm water 1 pint, linseed oil 8 oz. — White. 17. Palm oil 16 oz., Glauber's salts 12 oz., boiling water q. s. — Pece. 18. Laxative drink for cows that are kept on hay. Aloes 4 drs., ginger \\ drs., water a quart, Epsom salts 6 oz., car- bonate of soda \ oz. J for one dose. — Youatt. FEVER DEENCHES, for fevers, colds, influenza, &c. 1. Tartar emetic 1 dr., digitalis \ dr., nitre 3 drs.; mix, and give in a quart of gruel : in simple colds or catarrh. — Clatee. 2. Antimonial powder 2 drs., opium a scruple ; rub together, and mix with thick gruel : after bleeding, in inflammation of the bladder. — White. 3. In influenza, or epidemic {epizootic) colds. Niti'e ^ oz., DRINKS OK BKENCHES 115 salt of tartar 1 oz., camphor 2 drs., valerian, liquorice, turmeric, of each 1 oz., mustard 2 oz., juniper berries 1 oz., gruel a quart. — Skeeeett. 4. For the same. After bleeding and a laxative, give antimonial powder 2 drs., camphor 1^ drs., ginger 3 drs., laudanum ^ oz., in gruel. — White. 5. In had colds attended icitJi fever. Nitre 1 oz., camphor ^ dr., tartar-emetic \ dr., in gruel. — Peck. FEBRIFUGE TONIC DRENCHES. 1. Antimonial powder J dr., camphor 1 dr., Peruvian bark 1 oz., gruel, or decoction of arrowroot, or starch, q. s. for 2 doses. — Peck. 2. In the decline of fevers and influenza. Emetic tartar i dr., nitre 2 drs., gentian 3 drs., chamomile 1 dr., ginger 2 dr. ; pour on them a pint of boiling ale, and give when cool. — Clatee. 3. Emetic tartar ^ dr., gentian 2 drs., digitalis 5 dr., nitre \ oz., spirit of nitric ether 4 drs., gruel q. s. TONIC DRENCHES. 1. Cascarilla 3 drs., ginger 3 drs., carbonate of soda 2 drs., in gruel. — White. 2. Gentian \ oz., ginger 1 dr., Epsom salts 2 oz., warm gruel a pint. — Clatee. 3. Tartarized iron 1 dr., gentian 2 drs., ginger 1 dr., gruel 1 pint, after laxatives, in indigestion. DRENCHES FOR INFLAMMATION OF THE LIVER. After bleeding give — 1. Calomel 1^ drs., opium ^ di'., ginger 2 di's., thick gruel q. s. Six hours afterwards, give Epsom salts 1 lb, sulphur 6 oz., linseed oil i pint, gruel q. s. — Spoonee. 2. Epsom salts 1 tb, caraway \ oz., Barbadoes aloes i oz. ; in a quart of warm gruel. — Clatee. After the yello\\niess appears, give — 3. Half of No. 2, with 20 grs. of calomel morning and night. — Clatee. 6. Mr. FiNLAY Dun's treatment is — Cathartics. Salinesi Aconite. Chloride of Ammonium. Laxative diet. 116 MEDICINES FOR XEAT CATTLE DKENCHES FOR JAUNDICE OR YELLOWS. 1. Opmni 10 grs., calomel 10 grs., thick gruel q. s., at night, and the tonic drink (No. 2) in the morning. — ClATEE. 2. Mr. Sjiooner says salts in 5-ilj doses, with a little ginger, are generally sufficient. 3. Chloride of sodium § oz., carbonate of soda i oz., turmeric 2 oz., Glauber's salts 6 oz., powdered gentian and chamomile 2 drs., gruel q. s. 4. Castile soap i oz., Venice turpentine i oz., ginger 3 drs., gentian 1 oz. ; rub tlie soap and turpentine in a mortar, and gradually add a pint of water, and afterwards the ginger and gentian. — White. 5. Castile soap 1 oz., salt 1 oz., Venice turpentine 1 oz., yolks of two eggs; mix togethei", and gradually add a strong decoction of barberry-bark. 6. Powdered cummin seed, aniseed, and turmeric, each 2 oz., grains of paradise and salt of tartar, each 1 oz., mix. Slice 1 oz. of Castile soap, to mix with 2 oz. of treacle. Pour a qiiart of boiling ale upon all the ingre- dients, and administer when lukewarm. To be repeated two or three times a day. CLEANSING DRINKS, for cows after calving. These are often applied for, Imt are condemned as useless or hurtful by veterinarians of the new school. The following are some of the forms in use ; probably a gentle laxative would be. in most cases preferable. 1. Spermaceti, Irish slate, and birthwort, in po^\der, of each 1 oz., powdered aniseed 2 oz., liquorice xwwder 2 oz. ; in linseed tea. 2. Aniseed, myrrh, birthwort, allspice, cummin seed, of each 1 oz., in a quart of gruel. — M'Ewek. 3. Juniper berries 3 oz., birthwort 2 oz., fenugreek 1 oz., spermaceti 2 oz., antimony 1 oz., saffron i oz., in a quart of warm ale. — Downing. 4. Resin, soap, of each J oz., spermaceti ^ oz., aniseed, caraway seed, of each 1 oz., ginger i oz., treacle 4 oz., warm gruel a quart. 5. 1 oz. spermaceti, 1 oz. Iju'thwort, 2 oz. powdered bay-berries, 1 oz. myrrh ; in juuiper-bcvry tea. DKINKS OH DRENCHES 117 LAXATIVE DIUNK AFTER CALVING. Epsom salts 13 oz., aniseed 1 oz., olive oil 6 oz., gruel a pint, or q. s. DEEXCH FOR STRANGURY. After laxatives and a elystei', give camphor 2 drs., spirit of nitrons ether § oz., tincture of opium -^ oz., nitre 1 oz., gruel a pint. — White. DRENCHES FOR HOVEN OR BLOWN (flatulent dis- tension of the paunch). It appears doubtful whether any liquid enters the paunch in these cases. More dependence is now placed on the introduction of a tube, constructed for the purpose. 1. Ginger i oz., spirit of nitric ether 2 oz., oil of pep- permint 30 drops, ^^■arm water a pint. — White. 2. Liquid ammonia, or spirit of hartshorn, ^ oz. to 1 oz. (Ij oz. — White), cold water 3 pints. — Moiroud. 3. Chloride of potasli 4 drs., water 4 oz., ether 3 drs. The solution of chlorinated soda may be substituted for chloride of potash (Eau de Javelle). — Chaelot. 4. Aloes 3 drs., pimento 2 drs., oil of turpentine, 2 oz., spirit of hartshorn 1 oz., in gruel or warm water. — Blaine. 5. Chloride of lime 2 drs., water a quart. Administer it by means of a stomach-pump, and repeat in an hour if required. — .YorATT. RHEUMATIC DRENCH. 1. Sulphur 8 oz., ginger -^ oz. ; in gruel, evei-y third day if necessary. — Clatee. 2. Antimouial powder 2 drs., Dover's powder -j dr., ani- seed 1 oz., thick gruel a \nnt ; night and morning, the bowels having been opened by No. 1. — Clatee. 3. Rhododendron leaves 4 drs., water a quart ; boil to a pint, strain, and add powdered gum guaiacum 2 drs., caraway-seeds and aniseed, each 2 drs., warm ale j pint. ANTISPASMODIC DRENCH FOR LOCKED JAW. 1. Camj)hor 1 dr. (rubbed with spirit), powdered opium 1 dr., thick gruel J pint. 2. MR. FINLAY DLTS['S TREAMENT OF LOCKED JAW. Purgatives. Belladonna and chloral hydrate. Cool air. 118 MEDICINES FOE NEAT CATTLE Warm clothing. Perfect quiet. Soothe any wound. Vapour-bath. CORDIAL CARMINATIVE DRENCHES. Drenches for indigestion, and colic without inflammation. 1. In indigestion. Salt 3 or 4 oz., carbonate of soda 2 ctrs., ginger \ dr., anodyne carminative tincture (see Tinctures, Solutions, Vet. Formulary) 2 oz., water 10 or 12 oz. — White. 2. The same. Aloes 4 drs., common salt 4 oz., ginger 2 drs., anodyne carminative tincture (see Tinctures, Solu- tions) 2 oz., q. s. 3. In Colic. Salt 4 oz., aloes 3 drs., ginger 1 dr., opium J oz., water 1 pint, peppermint water 1 pint. 4. Carminative. Oil of turpentine 1 oz., tincture of o])ium 6 drs., spirit of nitric ether 2 oz., water 1 pint. — White. 5. Warm Cordial. A bottle of red wine, extract of juniper 1 oz., powdered cinnamon ^ oz. — Lebas. 6. 3£ild. Peppermint 2 oz., chamomiles i oz., hot water 5 pints ; infuse, and give while warm. 7. Chamomile 2 oz., aniseed 1^ oz. ; infuse in hot water, and strain ; when cold, add ether 2 oz. — Vatel. DRENCHES FOR BLOODY URINE. Bloody Urine (Hajmaturia) and Red- water, although often confounded, are different diseases, and require a different treatment. Hematuria is distinguished by the presence of actual blood in the urine, in a state of coagulation, and by great tenderness across the loins. It generally occurs in oxen of good condition. It is to be treated by gentle • purgatives, stimulating applications to the loins, emollient drinks and opiates. [Spoonee.] Give one of the follow- ing di'enehes : 1. Epsom salts 6 to 8 oz., water a quart, castor oil 4 to 6 oz. — White. Or, 2. Linseed oil 1 pint, gruel 1 pint, caraways 2 drs., Epsom salts 8 oz. (in warm water i pint), tincture of opium 2 drs. Or either of the laxative drenches for red water, below. 3. After the above, when the pain and difficulty have DEINKS OE DEENCHES 119 abated, but the water continues bloodir, give — Catechu 2 drs., opium | dr., alum 3 drs., gum arabic i oz., water ^ pint ; simmer for a few minutes, and add ^ pmt of ale. Eepeat if required. 4. In obstinate cases. Oil of jmiiper J oz., oil of tur- pentine 1 oz., laudanum 1 oz., in a pint of linseed tea ; at lirst twice, and afterwards once a day. — Rush. 5. Three quarters of a pint of black beer, and 2 oz., Irish slate. — Knowlson. DRENCHES FOR RED- WATER. This commonly attacks milch cows, and appears generally to arise from the nature of the pasture. Moderate bleed- ing is recommended, but is less necessary than in hsema- turia. Laxatives should then be given. Mr. Finlay Dun says blood-letting is decidedly injurious, and he also discountenances the employment both of diuretics and astringents. 1. Epsom salts 8 to 12 oz., sulphur 2 to 4 oz., carbonate of ammonia | oz., ginger ^ oz., warm water 4 pints ; give a fourth part every 6 hours till the bowels are acted on. — Spoonee. Or, 2. Glauber's salts 12 oz., carbonate of soda \, oz., nitre \ oz., sugar 1 oz., powdered caraways \ oz., in a quart of gruel. Or the Purging drenches. No. 1, 2, or 3. After the bowels are well opened, give astringents or mild stimulants. 3. The laxative drench. No. 11, page 110. — White. This is White's drench for red-water. No. 1. To be fol- lowed by drenches of whey. 4. Astringent. Powdered oak-bark i oz., catechu 2 di's., opium 10 grs., gruel 1 pint. — Clatee. 5. Catechu 2 drs., mucilage 4 oz., lime-water 6 oz. — Blaixe. 6. Laudanum \ oz., sugar of lead J dr., catechu 4 drs., gruel 1 quart. — White. 7. After laxatives. Ginger, gentian, each 1 dr., spa-it of nitrous ether 1 oz., gruel q. s. ; twice a day. — Spoo>:ee. . 8. Powdered oak-bark 1 oz., charcoal 1 oz., bole 2 oz., iu a quart of new milk. — Pie. 120 MEDICINES FOE KEAT CATTLE 9. Catechu li oz., alum I5 oz., diapente 2 oz., Locatelli balsam 2 oz., warm gruel 3 piuts. — M'Ewex. 10. Dragon's blood 2 oz., rust of iron 1 oz., nitre 3 oz , oil of turpentine 2 oz. ; mix ; for 2 doses, in gruel. — Downing. 11. Sulphuric acid 1 dr., tincture of opium i oz. treacle 4 oz., warm gruel 4 quarts ; daily, for a week. — Blaine. DRINK FOR ACUTE DIARRHCEA. Sulphate of soda, sulphate of magnesia, of each 2 oz., ipecacuanha 5 dr., sulphate of iron 6 grs. — Biaine. FOR CHRONIC DIARRHCEA. Calomel i dr., aloes 1 dr., gentian 2 drs., opium 5 grs. decoction of chamomiles 1 pint, — Blaine. ASTRINGENT DRENCHES, for dysentery (scouring rot) or lax. 1. After purging drenches : prepared chalk 2 oz., oak- bark 1 oz., catechu i oz., opium 2 scruples, ginger 2 drs,, warm gruel 1 quart. — Clatee. 2. Two quarts of alum whey. 3. First give blue pill 2 or 3 dr.s., rhubarb 3 drs., castor oil 4 oz., gruel 1 pint, well stirred before giving it ; rejjeat this 3 or 4 mornings ; then give — thick starch (made with 4 oz. of starch) 3 or 4 pints, tincture of opium 2 drs., ginger 3 di's., catechu J oz. — White. 4. Mutton suet 1 lb, new milk 2 quarts ; boil, and add opium i dr., ginger 1 di'. — Clatee. 5. Cordial Astringent Drench. (After the laxative drench No. 2.) Catechu \ oz., allspice t oz., caraways 5 oz., ale \ pint, water i pint. — White. 6. Decoction of sloes, with prepared chalk. — TrssEE. 7. Decoction of wormwood a quart, gum Arabic 2 oz., aromatic confection 1 oz., catechu 2 drs. ; with linseed tea, repeated every G days for three times. — Rawlings. 8. Sheep's lieart, liver, and lights, all chopped iip to- gether. — Scmnee. EXPECTORANT AND COUGH DRENCHES IN HOOSE or CATARRH. [See Medicines for Calves, further on.] 1, Bruised liquorice 2 oz. ; boil in a quart of water to DEINKS OR DEENCHES 121 a pint, strain, and add powdered squill 2 drs., prmn truaia- cum 1 dr., tincture of tolu 4 drs., honey 2 oz. — Clateb. 2. Balsam of suli)liur 2 oz., Barbadoes tar 1 oz., yolks of 2 eggs, honey 4 oz., salt of tartar ^ oz., oil of aniseed 1 dr., elecampane 1 oz., gruel 1 quart : in chronic coughs. 3. Fresh squill 2 oz., garlic 2 oz., raiegar 24 oz. ; digest for a day ^^■itll a gentle heat, strain and press, and boil the liquor with 24 oz. of treacle : for 6 doses, in chronic cough. 4. For recent coughs. Digitalis 20 grs., emetic tartar ■f dr., niti'e 3 drs., squill 1 dr., opium 20 grs., gruel 1 pint. 5. Boil 4 oz. Iceland moss and 1 oz. liquorice root in 4 quarts of water for a quarter of an hour, and strain ; add to the liquor 1 oz. nitre, cream of tartar 2 oz. In hoose from cold, if inflammation of the lungs and fever be present, bleed before giving the drink, at the commence- ment of the inflammation only. See also Fever Drench (back). If the disease be connected with worms in the air pas- sages, give the following : Worm Drench. — For cough from worms : Oil of turi)entine 2 oz„ sweet spirit of nitre 1 oz., laudanum ^ oz. ; mix, and give in a pint of gruel. — Clatee. DRENCHES FOR THE EPIDEMIC, affecting the feet and mouth, and attended with a low fever. IMr. FiXLAT Dux recommends the following treatment : Soft laxative food, brought to the patient ; rest ; cleanli- ness ; comfortable, soft lodging ; hydrochloric acid and treacle, and Condy's fluid for mouth, udder, and feet ; lead acetate solution. Milk cows frequently; sjqihon. For treatment of the Cattle Plague of 1865, see further on. 1. Glauber's salts 1 ft, treacle 4 oz., sulphur 4 oz., aniseed \ oz., cream of tartar 2 oz., warm water 3 pints ; give it new-milk warm. The above is for a full-grown beast. The mouth to be washed with a strong solution of blue vitriol, burnt alum, and vinegar. If the feet crack, apply a mixture of equal parts of hydrochloric acid and water. 2. Some cattle-masters give common salt in gruel, vith great success. — Blaine, 122 MEDICINES FOE NEAT CATTLE 3. After a mild dose of salts — sweet spirit of nitre 1 oz., ale yeast 6 or 8 oz. — Blaine. 4. Epsom salts 8 oz., sulphur 2 oz., nitre i oz., ginger g: oz. ; half of this to be given m. warm water, with 1 oz. of sweet spirit of nitre. Repeat daily. "Wlien the bowels are properly relaxed, and the fever reduced, but much weakness remains, give the following : 5. Tonic Drench. Gentian 4 drs., ginger 2 drs., sulphate of iron 2 drs., sweet spirits of nitre 1 oz., warm water q. s. ; wash the mouth with one of the lotions for canJcer (Vet. Formulary) ; dress the feet, after paring and poulticing, with equal parts of tincture of myrrh and butter of antimony, and afterwards apply the astringent powder (see Vet. Formulary).— Spoonee. 6. Linseed oil a pint, oil of tm'pentine 8 oz., aloes | oz., guiger g- oz., laudanum 1 oz. ; mix. For 2 doses, to be given with gruel. MURRAIN DRENCHES. 1. Sweet spirit of nitre i oz., laudanum ^ dr., solution of chloride of lime 2 drs., prepared chalk 1 oz., mis, and give in a pint of warm gruel. — Clatee. 2. Cascarilla powder 2 oz., spirit of nitrous ether J oz., liquid acetate of ammonia 4 oz., beer yeast 8 oz. ; every 4 hours. — Blaine. 3. Opiate confection 1 oz., liquid acetate of ammonia 2 oz., water, 1 quart ; for one dose. — Vatel. 4. Tonic. Calumba 2 drs., canella 2 drs., ginger 1 dr., sweet spirit of nitre i oz., thick gruel 1 pint. — Spoonee. 5. Ceylon Memedi/. A small piece of lard the size of a walnut. Said to be used with perfect success. 6. To Prevent Murrain. Myrrh 1 oz., Epsom salts 2 oz., sulphur 1 oz., liver of antimony \ oz., diapente 1 oz. ; in rue tea. — Downing. 7. Sulphite of soda 1 oz. in 3 galls, of water. The animals are to be allowed to drink ad libitum. — Sir J. Ttkell. LOTION FOR THE MURRAIN OR 'FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE.' Dissolve 1 ft of sulphate of copper in Cj of soft water, wash the animals' mouths with this, DEINKS OR DEENCHES 123 with a spousre attached to a stick, then put 2 or 3 hirge tablespooufuls of oatmeal and powdered aliun, equal parts, into their mouths, near the root of their tongue. Wash their feet, especially between the claws, with the copper solution, and let them stand on dry straw. — Mr. Scott. FOE THE DISTEMPER. Warm tar-water is much recommended hy some. It should be given in doses of 3 quarts 3 or 4 times a day, gradually dimuiishing the quantity. DIURETIC DRINKS. 1. Common turpentine i oz., ginger 2 drs. ; mix with a little treacle, and add gradually spirits of nitrous ether 1 oz., gruel a pint. — Clater. 2. Tonic Diuretic. Common turpentine 4 drs., ginger 2 drs., gentian 2 drs., tartrate of iron 1 dr. ; I'ub together with a little treacle, and add gradually 1 oz. of sweet spirit of nitre. BULLING DRENCHES. Tliese are strongly condemned hy modern veterinary writers; those drenches, at least, which contain cautharides. 1. Aniseed, grains of paradise, bay berries, of each 1 oz.j cautharides in fine powder 20 to 30 grs. ; to be given in a quart of milk. 2. Black hellebore ^ oz., capsicum 2 drs., birthwort ^ oz., bay berries 1 oz., cautharides 20 grs. ; in a quart of warm ale. — Downing. 3. A quart of milk from a cow in season. — Clatee. 4. Powdered cautharides 20 grs., aniseed 2 oz., black hellebore i oz.; m ale, gruel, or milk. — Peck. DRYING DRENCHES, for drying a cow's milk. Bleed the night before, and give the drink, warm, in the morning. The bleeding is questionable treatment. 1. Boil 6 drs. of alum in milk, and strain. — White. 2. Akmi 6 lbs., bole 2 lbs., cream of tartar or red tartar 1 lb ; mix. Give from 6 to 9 oz., in stale beer ; or in gruel with i pint of vinegar. 3. Roche or common alum 4 oz., dragon's blood ^ oz., turmeric 1 oz., in a pint of rennet water, and a pint of 124 MEDICINES FOE NEAT CATTLE vinegar.— Downing. [These large doses of aluin, though often given, are not regarded as necessary or proper by modern veterinary writers.] DRENCH FOE THE BITES OF VIPERS. Olive oil 2 pints, spirits of hartshorn 1 oz. ; mix. ALUM WHEY. Boil i oz. o£ alum in 2 quarts of milk for ten minutes, and strain. AKODYNE CARMINATIVE TINCTURE; and Tincture of Pimento. Sec Medicines toe Horses (Tinctures). ALTERATIVE POWDERS. 1. Sulphur 4 oz., black antimony 1 oz., jEtliiops mineral ■J oz., nitre 2 oz. ; mix, for 4 doses : to be given daily in gruel. 2. Alterative Tonic. Add to the last 2 oz. gentian and 1 oz. ginger; and make 6 doses. FEVER POWDERS, IN INFLAMMATION, &c. 1. Antimonial powder a scruple, camphor i dr., nitre 1 oz. ; mix : give twice a day in gruel. — Peck. 2. Peruvian bark 16 oz., nitre 24 oz. ; for 16 doses. CORDIAL POWDERS. 1. Black mustard \ oz., flowers of sulphur 1 oz., aro- matic powder (see Veteeinaey Powdees, further back) 1 oz., fenugreek 4 oz., common salt 16 oz. ; a large piece on a slice of bread. — Matthieu. 2. Cow Spice. As Horse Spice, No. 2 (see Veterinary Powders muler Rledicines for Horses, further back). Or, 3. Powdered turmeric, liquorice, aniseed, and diapente, each 1 oz. CLYSTERS. 1. Salt 1 lb, warm water a gallon. 2. Linseed oil 8 oz., Epsom salts 8 oz., gruel 3 quarts. MASTICATOEIES. 1. Bruised garlic 4 cloves, salt a tablespoonful, ground pepper 1 oz., honey 4 oz. Boil for a short time in a glass TREATMENT OF CATTLE PLAGUE 125 of vinegar, immerse it in a piece of linen, and roll it up. Keep it in tlie iinimal's mouth for an hour, night and morning. Antiputrescent ; in epizootic maladies, and in ulcers of ihe mouth. — J. Eobinet. 2. Bruised mustard and pepper, each \ oz., rolled up in linen, and sprinkled with vinegar : to he kept in the mouth not more than half an hour, morning and evening, in epizootic diseases. REMEDIES FOR THE EPIZOOTIC PNEUMONIA. In the fatal form of this disease which prevailed some years ago, the following treatment is said to have proved effec- tual : — Bleed freely ; then administer § pint of brandy every 2 hours. Mr. Jeckyll gives, in pleuro-pneumonia, when a tonic is indicated, 5 oz. of the following solution every 8 hours : — Sulphate of copper 1 part, water 4 parts ; dissolve, and add annnonia until it begins to precipitate. Mr. FiNLAY Dun says bloodletting is quite inadmissible. He prescribes 25 to 30 drops of Flemming's tincture of aconite four times a day. TREATMENT OF THE CATTLE PLAGUE OF 1865, OR RINDERPEST. 1. Vaccination. This has been recommended on the theory that the Cattle Plague is analogous to or identical with Smallpox. Vaccination with the lymph of Cow Pock may then be resorted to as a prophylactic. It may be ])ractised on the ndder or vulva of a cow. It has already been resorted to very extensively, but with doubtful suc- cess. (January, 1866.) (Wliether the plague be Smallpox, or a form of enteric fever, or a disease sui generis, the precaution of separat- ing infected animals from the remainder of the herd is equally necessary. The diseased carcase must be buried or destroyed at a distance. The most scrupulous cleanli- ness must be observed in the yards and sheds, and provi- sion made for ventilation and abmidant supply of water, with the counteraction of all noxious smells and emana- tions by means of carbolic acid. When the cattle have sickened with the disorder, it cannot be checked, bii.t, like other contagious diseases, must run its coiu'se. 'J'be treat- ment can only be palliative. Among innumerable recipes we 126 MEDICINES EOE IS^EAT CATTLE select the following as the most likely to be useful. Theix* application must be guided by the circumstances of the cases.) 2. The Laxative Treatment. Linseed oil 6 to 12 oz., ^^itll tiu'pentine 1 to 2 oz. ; the dose to be repeated once or twice. This dose, as the others, may be given in warm gruel. 3. The Astringent Treatment. Applicable in later stages, when there is often much diarrhoea. Chalk and opium (Dr. Letheby) j or laudanum 2 oz., comp. infusion of catechu 1 pint, in a warm mash, with 2 or 3 tablespoon- fuls of charcoal. — Malton AoRicrLTURAL Association. 4. The Saline Treatment. Useful in moderating the fever, and generally in mild cases. Table salt ^ ft, Epsom salts i ft, brimstone \ ft, ground ginger 2 oz., nitre 2 oz., old ale 1 quart (Dr. Allnatt) ; or chlorate of potash 2 drs. to i oz., thrice daily. — Mr. F. Buckland. 5. The Mixed Saline Treatment. Adopted in imita- tion of Dr. Stevens' treatment of cholera. Chloride of sodium 3 oz., nitre 2 oz., carbonate of potash 3 oz., chlorate of potash 2 oz., sulphate of magnesia 4 oz., old ale 2 quarts. (Dr. Allnatt.) It would be as well to divide the dose into 3 or 4. Bicarbonate of soda 1 oz., common salt 1 oz., chlorate of potash \ oz., Rochelle salt 1 oz. ; in a gallon of water : 1 pint every second hoiir or oftener. — Dr. Tuckee. 6. The Diaphoretic Treatment. Useful as the last, in mild cases. Sweating to be jjromoted by rubbing, wrap- ping in blankets, or vapour baths. Sweet sjsirit of nitre 1 to 2 oz., and spirit of Mindererus 1 to 2 oz., in 2 or 3 quarts of linseed meal gruel. Will also act as a diuretic. — Malton Association. 7. The Stimulant Treatment. 16 oz. of Unseed oil and a " mutchkin " of whiskey. (Professor Dick.) Large draughts of old ale recommended by some. 6 drs. of car- bonate of ammonia 3 times a day. (Professor Dick.) 12 to 15 grs. of camphor, with 20 grs. of carbonate of ammonia in gruel, thrice daily. — Dr. COPLAND. 8. The Tonic Treatment. A dr. each of the tincture of perchloride of iron and dilute hydrochloric acid in a quart of linseed tea or gruel, thrice daily. (Dr. Copland.) i oz. of sulphate of iron, twice daily. (Dr. Tucker.) IJ oz. of powdered cinchona. (Dr. Smart.) Strong MEDICIlSrES FOE CALVES 127 hydrochloric acid 2^ oz., strong nitric acid li oz., sulphate, or chloride of iron 1| oz., water to make a quart ; one ounce of this in a gallon of water for a dose. — Malton Associa- tion. 9. Arsenical Treatment. Adopted by the homceopathists, with their usual want of success. -jL to ith of a grain of arsenic for a dose, every 2 hours, to alternate with ^Lth gr. of phosphorus. Vapour-baths also recommended, and im- mense quantities of old ale given. — Dr. Kidd. ^ 10. Sloppy food. Chlorate of potash, sulphite of soda. Sulphurous acid inhalation and sponging. Carbolic acid, internally and externally. Tonics, stimulants : mineral acids and bitters. Separate healthy from sick. Disin- fectants. — FiNLAY Dun. N.B. — However useful to the individual, these remedies are of little avail in preventing the spread of the disorder. With regard to this plague, and that of late years, the foot and mouth disease, both eminently contagious, the well-being of the community demands the most ruthless use of the poleaxe in all suspected cases. The stamping out of the disorder by the slaughter of all diseased animals, and the prohibition of importations from infected districts abroad, which is done by an Order of Council, are the securest means of checking these destructive epidemics. MEDICINES FOE CALVES. PURGATIVE DRENCHES. _ 1. Epsom salts 1 oz. to 2 oz., according to the age and size of the calf; dissolve in ^ pint of gruel, and add 20 grs. of ginger, and 3 drops of essence of peppermint. — Clateh. 2. Salts 1^ oz., castor oil 2 oz., ginger 10 grs., caraway 2 di-s., gruel ^ pint. 3. In costiveness, and accumulation in the paunch and stomach. Dissolve 2 oz. of Epsom salts in 2 or 3 quarts of water, or 4 oz. in a gallon, according to the age of the calf, and throw it in gently by means of a stomach-pump. 4. Laxative. Epsom salts 2 or 3 oz., carbonate of soda 2 drs., water 6 or 8 oz., ginger 1 dr., mix. After it has operated, give the cordial, No. 3, below.— White. 128 MEDICII^'ES FOE NEAT CATTLE DRENCHES foe DIARRHCEA, or CALVES' CORDIAL. 1. Youatt's Cordial. Prepared chalk 2 oz., catechu 1 oz., ginger ^ oz., opium 1 dr., peppermint water 1 pint ; dose for a calf, from 2 to 4 tablespoonfiils. 2. Prepared chalk 2 di's., opium 10 grs., catechu ^ dr., ginger ^ dr., essence of peppermint 5 drops; mix, and give twice a day in | pint of gruel. — Clatee. 3. Caraway 4 oz., ginger ^ dr., suhcarbonate of soda 1 dr., brandy or gin 1 oz., water 8 oz. — White's Cordial. 4. Half a bottle of Dalby's carminative. 5. Suet boiled in milk ^ pint, opium 5 grs., alum 5 grs., prepared chalk i oz. ; mix. 6. If No. 2 fails : Dover's powder 2 scruples, aromatic powder 1 dr., kino | dr. ; give it night and morning, with 1 oz. of arrowroot boiled in a pint of water. — Clatee. INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS. Bleed ; give 2 to 6 oz. Epsom salts. [Give to a calf of six months old i the dose for cattle; at a year and a half, ^ the dose. — Sroois'EE.] MEDICINE FOR PILES IN CALVES. Oil of vitriol 15 drops, tincture of opium J oz. — Pece. SOLUTION OF POTASH, FOR CORDS, &c. Suhcarbonate (carbonate) of potash 2 oz., fresh lime-water 8 oz. To cor- rect acidity in the stomach, give 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls in gruel ; the first dose to be given A\ith an ounce or two of Epsom salts in ^ a jiint of thin gruel. If the disorder is attended with griping pains, add a teaspoonful of anodyne carminative tincture. — White. ALUM WHEY. See page 124. TO PROMOTE THE FATTENING OF CALVES. Aniseed i ft ; fenugi'cek w ft, linseed meal 1 ft ; make it into a paste with milk, and cram them with it. Fattening Toivder. Common salt \\'\i\\ a little carbonate of soda ; a small cpantity added to the food promotes fatten- ing, and prevents scouring, &c. HOOSE, OR COUGH FROM WORMS IN AIR PAS- SAGES. 1. \ pint lime-water every morning, and a tablespoonful of salt every afternoon, to each calf .— Matee. EXTEENAL APPLICATIONS 129 2. Linseed oil 4 oz., oil of turpentine 1 oz., oil of cara- ways 20 drops ; repeated once or twice at intervals of 10 days. This dose for calves of 6 to 10 months old. — Dickens. 3. A tablcspoonful of oil of turpentine, a little sweet oil, and 6 or 8 oz. of warm water. — White. €%Utml liplitatians for ^mt €Mt LOTIONS OR WASHES. (See also Embrocations.) LOTIONS FOR CANKER IN CALVES. 1. Alum 1 oz., water 8 oz., tincture of myrrh 1 oz. honey of roses 1 oz. 2. Equal parts of tincture of mjTrh and water. — Clatee. 3. Alum i oz., water 1 pint, tincture of myrrh 1 oz. LOTION FOR COW-POCK. Sal ammoniac i oz., white vinegar ^ pint, camphorated spirit 2 oz., Goulard's extract 1 oz. ; mix. — Clatee. LOTIONS FOR SLIGHT BRUISES. 1. Extract of lead i oz., vinegar 4 oz., soft water 1 pint. — White. 2. Acetate of ammonia 4 oz., water I pint, spirit of cam- phor ^ oz. DISCUTIENT LOTION, for dispersing tumours. Bay salt 4 oz., vinegar 1 pint, water 1 quart, oil of origanum 1 dr.; rub the oil with the salt, and gradually add the others. LOTIONS FOR STRAINS. 1. Bay salt 4 oz., oil of origanum 1 dr. ; rub together, and add vinegar ^ pint, spirit of wine 2 oz., water 1 quart. 2, Common salt 1 oz., sal ammoniac 1 oz., water 1 pint. 130 MEDICINES FOE NEAT CATTLE LOTIONS FOE FOUL IN THE FOOT. After poulticing, and removing loose horn, apply — 1. Eutter of antimony, or 2. Strong solution of alum. 3. Solution of sulphate of copper. 4. (\Mieu tlic above are not sufficient.) Dissolve 2 drs. of corrosive sublimate in 12 oz. of water.— White. 5. One fluid drachm of carbolic acid in from 6 to 12 oz. of water. — Trsox. LOTIONS FOR WOUNDS. 1. Tincture of myrrh and aloes. 2. For proud flesh. Strong solution of sulphate of copper. 3. For offensive wounds: chloride of lime 1 oz., water 1 X)int ; mix well, and strain. LOTION FOR BULL-BURNT. Goulard's extract 1 oz. spirit of wine 2 oz., water ^ pint. LOTION FOR BLAIN IN THE MOUTH. After lancing the bladder, apply a saturated solution of salt in water. — YOITATT. LOTION FOR THE MOUTH, in ulceration during the epidemic. Alum 1 oz., sulphate of zinc 5 oz., warm water 1 pint, treacle i ft. — Spoonee. WASHES FOR DESTROYING VERMIN. Tliey are all poisonous. 1. Stavesacre seeds 4 oz., water 4 pints; boil to 2 pints, and apply it daily. — Peck. 2. Sublimate 2 drs., spirit of wine 2 oz., water 1 pint. — Clatee. 3. Stavesacre 4 oz., white hellebore root 2 oz., water 1 gallon ; boil to half ; apply with a sponge. LOTION FOR MANGE. Corrosive sublimate 2 drs., muri- atic ajid i oz., water 12 to 16 oz. ; mix. In obstinate cases only. — White. See Linime?its, EMBROCATIONS AND LINIMENTS 131 EYE WATERS, OR COLLYRIA. 1. White vitriol a scruple, spirit of wine 1 dr., water a l)iut. — Clatee. 2. Sugar of lead 10 to 20 grs., soft water 8 oz.— V.C. 3. Sedative Eye Drops. Powdered digitalis 1|- oz. ; infuse in a pint of Cape wine for a fortnight, and filter : a few drops to be introduced into the eye twice or thrice a day. — Spooxee. 4. Extract of lead 2 drs., wine of digitalis (ahove) 2 drs., tincture of opium 2 drs., water a pint. EMBKO CATIONS AND LINIMENTS. STRONG EMBROCATION, for deep-seated strains, &c. 1. Oil of origanum ^ oz., oil of turpentine i pint, sweet oil 1^ pint, powdered cantharides 1 oz. — Ciatee. 2. Olive oil 4 oz., oil of tm-pentine 1 oz., water of am- monia 1 oz. (For sti'ains and bruises, after the inflam- mation has subsided.) — White. CROTON LINIMENT. Bruised croton seeds 1 part, oil of turpentine 8 parts. Macerate for 14 days, and strain. It irritates the skin powerfully ; for general purposes it re- quires to be diluted with olive oil. — Moeton. MUSTARD EMBROCATION. Flour of mustard 4 oz., oil of turpentine 2 oz., water of ammonia 2 oz. — White. RHEUMATIC EMBROCATIONS. 1. Olive oil 2 oz., strong water of ammonia 1 oz., marsh- mallow ointment 1 oz. 2. Neatsfoot oil 4 oz., camphorated oil 1 oz., oil of turpentine 1 oz., laudanum 1 oz., oil of origanum 1 dr. — Clatee. 3. Sweet oil 4 oz., oil of turpentine 2 oz. Mix. — White. EMBROCATIONS FOR GARGET, or Downfall of the Udder. 1. Oil of elder 4 oz., water of ammonia \ oz., Mlnde- rerus spirit 1 oz., camphorated oil 2 oz. 132 MEDICINES FOE NEAT CATTLE 2. Olive oil 3 oz., oil of turpentine 1 oz., cami^lior 2 drs. — White. 3. Soft soap 8 oz., oil of bays 8 oz., oil of turpentine 8 oz., spirit of camphor 4 oz. (See also Ointments, below.) DRIFFIELD OILS. Barbadoes tar 1 oz., linseed oil 1 ft, oil of turpentine 3 oz., oil of \'itriol 1 oz. LIXIMEXT FOR ^lANGE. Sulphur vivum or flower of sulphur 4 oz., train oil 12 oz., oil of turpentine 4 oz. ; mix. LINIMENT FOR SORE THROATS. Oil of turpentine 1 oz., sweet oil 1 oz., water of ammonia 2 oz. — White. BLISTERING LINIMENT. Cantharides bruised 1 oz., oil of turpentine 8 oz.; digest 14 days, and strain. To be applied by friction on the skin. — Youatt. LIQUID CAUSTIC. Butter of antimony alone, or mixed with an equal quantity of tincture of myrrh. LIQUID SNUFF. Alum, sulphate of zinc, capsicum, of each 1 oz. ; camphor 2 drs. ; pulverize, and macerate in 32 oz. of strong vinegar and 1 oz. of turpentine ; shake up when used, and introduce a teaspoonful into the nos- trils, to promote a discharge for the relief of inflammation of the chest. — Matthieu. OINTMENTS. BLISTERING OINTMENTS. 1. Resin cerate 1 oz., cantharides finely powdered 3 drs., oil of turpentine 2 drs. ; for setons. — Clatee. 2. Lard 12 oz., resin 4 oz. ; melt together, and when STifficiently cool, add oil of turpentine 4 oz., powdered can- tharides 5 oz. ; stir till cold : to be rubbed in after remov- ing the hair. — Clatee. OINTMENT FOR MANGE, LICE, &c. (See also Lotions, above.) 1. Sulphur 1 ft, common turpentine 4 oz., mercurial ointment 2 oz., linseed oil a pint. Melt the tuqjentine with the oil, and when nearly cold, stir in the sulphur, and afterwards the mercurial ointment. — Ygfatt, OINTMEKTS i33 Note. — Cattle are easily salivated, and greatly weakened by it. Mercurials should therefore he used with great caution. 2. Sulphur 1 ft, strong mercurial ointment 2 oz., com- mon turpentine \ lb, lard Ij ft. — Clater. 3. French Liniment. Olive oil a pint, sulphur 4 oz., heat till the oil hecomes coloured by the sulphur ; remove from the fire, and when nearly cold, add 4 oz. of oil of turpentine, apply with a feather. 4. Lard 2 fts. ; melt and add oil of turpentine 8 oz., sulphuric acid 2 oz., sulphur vi\'um 8 oz. ; stir till cold. 5. Mange Liniment. Sulphur vivum finely powdered 4 oz., train oil 12 oz., oil of turpentine 4 oz. ; mi.x. — White. IODINE OINTMENT, for Empyema. Rub together l^ dr. of iodine, and 1 dr. iodide of potassium, with a icw drops of watei', then add 3 oz. of strong mercurial ointment and i oz. of powdered camphor. To be rubbed over the chest every night till it causes an exudation, then occasionally, to keep it up. GARGET OINTMENT, for Downfall of the Udder. 1. Soft soap 1 ft, mercurial ointment 2 oz., camjjhor (powdered with spirit) 1 oz. ; mix : give first a laxative, then a fever or diuretic drink. 2. Green elder ointment 2 oz., water of ammonia \ oz. 3. Beat fox-glove leaves with twice their weight of whey butter ; to every pound add 1 oz. of sal annnoniac, 1 oz. of turpeiitine, and i oz. of bole ; mix and apply 2 or 3 times a day. — Downing. 4. Spirit of camphor 1 oz., mercurial ointment 1 oz., elder ointment 8 oz. — Youatt. 5. Li obstinate cases. Iodide of potassium 1 part, lard 7 parts. To be rubbed in once daily. — Spoonee. FOOT OINTMENT (for all domestic animals). Eipial parts of tar, lard, and resin, melted together. OINTMENT FOR ULCERS ABOUT THE JOINTS. Equal parts of basilicon and citrine ointments. — Clatek. 134 MEDICIJTES FOR NEAT CATTLE HEALING AND CLEANSING OINTMENT. Lard 2 fts., yellow resin ^ lb ; melt together, and when it begins to cool, add calamine in powder | ft. APPLICATION TO WOUNDS. Mix the whites of eggs with flour to a proper consistence. Applied over the part, it soon dries, and shields it from the air. DIGESTIVE OINTMENT. 1. Lard, common turpentine, of each 4 oz. ; melt, and add 1 oz. powdered verdigris. — White. 2. Boil leaves of black hellebore with an equal weight of lard, until the leaves are crisp ; strain, and add an equal weight of common turpentine. [A similar ointment made with i\'y leaves is likewise very stimulating.] OINTMENT FOR FOUL IN THE FOOT, OR LOW. 1. Melt 4 oz. of lard with 4 oz. of common turpentine, and add 1 oz. of finely po\vdered sulphate of copper, stir- ring until cold. — White. 2. Melt together equal weights of soft soap and common turpentine. — Skeeeet. OINTMENT FOR CANCEROUS TUMOURS. Iodide of potasium j oz., hot water i oz. ; dissolve, and mix with 2 oz. of lard. CHARGE FOR OLD STRAINS. Burgundy pitch 4 oz., common pitch 4 oz., wax 2 oz., tar 6 oz. ; apply hot, and cover with cut tow. SETONS. 1. Common. A piece of cord or coarse tape ; or liorse hair and tow, platted together. 2. Irritating. Root of common dock ; or of black hellebore. 3. Cotton cord soaked in Morton's cantharidal solution (see Liniments and Embrocations for Horses. Vet. Formulary). PASTE FOR STOPPING BLEEDING. Equal quaiitities OINTMENTS 135 of white, groon, and blue vitriol, flour, and bole ; beaten up with fresh nettles and a little vinegar. ASTRINGENT POWDER FOR SORE FEET, &c. Sul- phate of copper I oz,, prepared chalk 2 oz., powdered alum i oz., bole 1 oz. ; rub together. — Spooneb. MEDICINES FOE SHEEP AND LAMBS. These are best given in a liquid form, and should be care- fully and slowly administered. Sheep generally require one sixth (or from one eighth to one sixth) of the doses given to cattle. PURGING DRENCHES. 1. Epsom salts 2 oz., powdered caraway \ oz., warm thin gruel sufficient to dissolve the salts. The editor of Clatee says that this is the best purging drink that can be used. For Lambs give a fourth of this, and repeat in 6 hours if necessary. 2. Epsom salts 1| oz. or 2 oz., ginger 1 dr., treacle 1 oz., hot water 4 oz. 3. Castor oil 2 oz., ginger and salt of tartar, of each 2 scruples, moist sugar a spoonful, gruel q. s. — M'Ewen. 4. Epsom or Glauber's salts from 1 to 2 oz., common salt a teaspoonful, boiling water sufficient to dissolve the salts, and a little gruel. A teaspoonful of tincture of ginger or of pimento, or of anodyne carminative tincture (see Miscellaneous liquid Medicines, Vet. Formulary, fur- ther back), may be added. 5. Sulphur 5 oz., Epsom salts 1 oz., common salt a tea- spoonful, thin gruel 5- pint. 6. Linseed oil 2 or 3 oz., croton oil 2 or 3 drops, warm gruel q. s. 7. For Lamhs. Epsom salts 2 to 4 drs., ginger ^ dr., in gruel. — Spoonek. 8. For Sheep on the first attack of Smallpox. Epsom salts 2 oz., ginger 2 dr., in chamomile tea or infusion of MEDICINES FOn SHEEP AND LAMBS 137 gentian (or with 1 dr. of powdered gentian or chamomile). — Waenecke. FEVER DRENCH. Powdered digitalis 20 grs., emetic tartar 10 grs., nitre 2 drs. Twice a day, mixed with gruel. — Clater. TONIC DRENCHES. 1. General Tonic. Gentian 2 drs., calmnba 1 dr., ginger ^ dr., all in powder ; tinctm-e of orange peel 1 dr., gruel 4oz. ; for one dose. — Clater. 2. In the last stage of Fever. Gentian 1 dr., ginger 20 grs., spirit of nitrous ether 1 dr., tincture of cardamom 20 drops, in gruel. 3. For Debility and Indigestion, after a purgative. Gentian, caraway, each 1 oz., calumba and ginger, of each •| oz. (all sliced or bruised), boiling water a quart ; infuse till cool, and strain. Give a tablespoonful daily, with the same quantity of gruel. — Clater. DRENCHES FOR RED- WATER. The pasture should be changed for shorter, the animal bled, and the bowels kept open with the above purging drinks. If these means do not remove the disease, give one of the follow- ing drenches : — 1. Epsom salts 6 oz., nitre 2 oz., bole i oz., hot water 3 i)ints, oil of turpentine 4 oz. ; mix, and give 3 or 4 tablespoonfuls (from a horn that will measure that quantity), shaking the bottle well before each dose is poured out. 2. Powdered catechu 30 grs., alum 20 grs., ginger 20 grs., decoction of oak-bark 4 oz., for a dose. 3. Olive oil 1 oz., oil of turpentine 1 oz., thick gruel \ pint. *^* Mr. FiNLAT Dun condemns bloodletting in Red-water. FOR EXTERNAL RED- WATER. (Vesicles on the skin, containing a reddish fluid.) 1. Sulphur 2 to 3 drs., in gruel, oiice or twice a day. If it continue, give — 2. Epsom salts 1 oz., gruel sufficient to dissolve it. — Sir James Mackenzie. 188 MEDICIXES FOR SHEEP A^'D LAMBS DRENCHES FOR DIARRHCEA, SCOUR, &c., IN LAMBS. [The Purging Drink, No. 6, or a fonrtli of No. 1, should be given before the Astringent Drinks.] 1. Prepai'ed chalk 2 oz., catechu 1 oz., ginger ^ oz., opium 1 dr., peppeniiint water a pint. Dose, for lambs, a tablespoonful night and morning. — YorATT. 2. Prepared chalk 5 oz., ginger i dr., catechu 1 dr., opium 2 grs., in gruel ; once or twice daily. 3. A tablespoonful of Calves' Cordial (see Jledicines for Calves, further back). 4. Compound powder of chalk with opium 2 drs., gen- tian 1 dr., essence of peppermint 3 drops ; in a little thin starch morning and niglit. — Clatkr. 5. Ginger 2 drs., caraway -4 drs., prepared chalk 4 drs. ; mix : give a teaspoonful in gruel. — White. 6. In tehite skit. A teaspoonful of White's Alkaline Solution (p. 128) in a little gruel ; and afterwards No. 7. 7. Epsom salts 3 dri ., common salt, a scruple, powdered ginger a scruple, thin ^ruel 4 oz. Repeat if necessary. DRENCH FOR THE LATE EPIDEMIC. Epsom salts 1 oz., sulplnir 2 drs., nitre i dr., ginger 15 grs., in warm water. Repeat half this, with a teaspoonful of svrcct spirit of nitre, daily. — Spooxee. DRENCH FOR COW-POX. Mi.x: 3 parts of flowers of sulphui", 1 of common salt, and 1 of honey, into an elec- tuary; give i of this daily, in gruel. Keep the mouth and nose clean with vinegar and water. See also Purging Drench, No. 7, above. DRENCH FOR INFLUENZA. Epsom salts i oz., chamo- mile tea 4 oz. Afterwards give half doses of the Fever Drench, above. — Daebt. DRENCHES FOR BLOWN OR BLAST. 1. Glauber's salts 1 oz., hot water 1 oz., peppennint- water 4 oz., tincture of ginger 1 dr., tincture of gentian 2 drs. ; every six hours till the bowels are opened, and half the quantity the next 4 mornings. — Ciatee. 2. Common salt 1 oz., solution oi" potash (White's) MEDICIKES FOR SHEEP AND LAMBS 139 li dr., castor or olive oil 2 tablespoonfuls, water 3 oz. After letting out the air by a tube or probang). — White. DRINK TO PREVENT RESP OR MEADOW-SICKNESS. Pearlash li dr., hot water 8 oz. To be given from a flat bottle the second ajid fourth morning after putting them to keep.— HoLDiTcn. DRENCH FOR STURDY AND APOPLEXY. After bleeding, 2 oz. of Epsom and Glauber's salts, in warm water or thin gruel. DRENCHES FOR FLUX, OR SCOURING, OR DYSEN- TERY. 1. Epsom salts 1 oz., hot water or thin gruel to dissolve it ; add castor oil 2 oz., laudanum 30 drops. "Wlien it has operated, give No. 2. — Blaine. 2. Ipecacuanha 15 grs., prepared chalk 1 dr., opium 2 grs. ; boiled starch or arrow-root 4 oz. Night and morning. 3. Linseed oil 2 oz., powdered opium 2 grs., linseed tea q. s. Afterwards give No. 4. — Satee. 4. Opium 2 grs., ginger ^ dr, gentian ^ dr., linseed tea or gruel q. s. 5. Epsom salts 1^ oz., hot water 4 oz. ; dissolve and add castor or olive oil IJ oz. — White. Afterwards give No. 6. 6. Catechu i dr., allspice i dr., caraway 1 dr., water or beer 4 oz. ; simmer together. DRENCHES FOR DRY BRAXY, OR INFLAMMATION OF THE BOWELS. 1. After bleeding : Epsom salts 1^ oz., warm water a pint. — Stevenson. 2. After bleeding : common salt 1 oz., water ^ pmt, laudanum a teaspoonful. — White. 3. Laudanum 2 drs., castor oil 3 oz., calomel 12 grs., treacle 3 oz. — Finlat Dun. DRENCH FOR BITES OF VENOMOUS REPTILES. Olive oil 4 oz., spirit of hartshorn i oz., gruel or arrow- root i pint. — White. 140 MEDiCIifES FOR SHEEP AlfD tAMBd DRENCHES TO PROMOTE PARTURITION IN THE EWE. 1. A decoction of horsemint, or any other kind of mint. 2. Bruised ergot of rye 1 dr., boiling water a pint ; infuse for a ^ of an liour, and give a third part. Repeat if necessary. Drenches and powders for the rot. 1. Juniper berries 6 oz., gentian 1 oz. ; boil in 3 gal- lons of water for a quarter of an hour, strain, and add common salt 4 fcs., powdered ginger 4 oz., tartarized iron 2 oz. ; stir, and let it stand till cool. Put it into wine- bottles filled two thirds full, and add to each, 1^ oz. oil of turpentine and 5- oz. sweet spirit of nitre. Give a table- spoonful night and morning, shaking the bottle before pouring it out. 2. Common salt 8 oz., gentian powder 8 oz., ginger 1 oz., tincture of calumba 4 oz., water to make iip a quart. — Clatee. See the next. 3. To a quart of No 2, add spirit of turpentine 3 oz. ; shake well together, and give 2 tablespoonfuls at night, before the night's food is given, and a tablespoonful of No. 2 every morning. Powders for the same. — A French recipe. 1. Dry bran 10 fts, salt Y lb., aromatic herbs (as thyme, sage, juniper, rosemary, &c.) cut small, 6 oz., green anise and coriander, of each 5 oz. ; mix, and give morning and night every third day. The above quantity is for thirty sheep. 2. Juniper berries 4 oz., bay berries 1 oz., grains of paradise i oz., bay salt li ft, loaf sugar ^ ft; powder all together, and keep the powder in a bottle for use. Give the sheep dry and sweet hay, sprinkled with the powder. — Laweence. DRENCHES FOR INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS, CATARRH, HOOSE, AND COUGH. After bleeding from the neck, give E^jsom salts 2 oz., gruel or linseed tea, q. s. DRENCH FOR INFLUENZA. Epsom salts ^ oz., chamo- mile tea 4 oz. Afterwards, small doses of digitalis, opium, tartarized antimony, and vegetable tonics. — Dakby. EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS FOE SHEEP 141 i^tetnal 3p]^Iicati0tts for 3|eej). EYE WATERS. 1. Strong. For cloudiness of the eye; corrosive sub- limate 4 grs., spirit of wine 5 oz. ; dissolve, and add water a pint.— Clatee. 2. Tincture or wine of opium a teaspoonful, water | pint. WASHES FOR THE SCAB, LICE, AND TICKS. (The scab ointments will also destroy them, and are less hazard- ous, and less injurious to the wool.) 1. Arsenical loash. Wliite arsenic 2 ft, salt of tartar ^ it), water 12 gallons ; boil for half an hour. — Youatt. 2. Arsenic 2 fts., soft soap 4 fts., water 30 gallons ; dis- solve. The sheep to be immersed in this liquid (the head only being kept out), and while in it, the fleece to be well rubbed. Wlien taken out, the fluid should be well pressed out of the fleece, and the sheep kept from cold and wet for a few days. — Clater. Mr. Spooxeb says 2 Its. of arsenic should make 48 gallons of the liquid. 3. Arsenic 1 ft, yellow soap 6 fts., pearlash 12 oz. water 30 gallons.— Matthews. 4. Mercurial. Corrosive sublimate 1 oz., spirit of wine 2 oz. ; rub together till dissolved, then add cream of tartar 1 oz., bay salt 4 oz., dissolve the whole in 2 quarts of water, and apply it with a sponge wherever lice appear.— Clatee. 5. Tobacco 4 oz., water 1 gallon ; boil, and add soft soap 1 ft, sulphur vi^iim 1 ft ; when cold add a pint of oil of turpentine. 6. Equal parts of decoction of tobacco and lime water. — Youatt. WASH TO KILL MAGGOTS. Shake up in a bottle to- gether, 1 quart of water, spirits of turpentine 1 oz., and corrosive sublimate 10 grains. Stop with a cork in which a quill is inserted. Wlien the maggots are observed, a 142 MEDICINES FOE SHEEP AND LAMBS small quantity of the mixture is to be shakeu on the spot through the quill, and the maggots will shortly creep out and die. SMEARING MIXTURE. 1. One gallon of common tar, and 12 lbs. of any sweet grease, melted together. 2. Oil of tar is used as a preventive of the Jli/ ; but fish oil is equally serviceable, according to Mr. Hogg ; and is less injui-ious to the wool. Oil of tar has sometimes destroyed sheep. FLY POWDER FOR SHEEP. 1. White lead 2 fts., red lead i ft, sulphur IJ ft, oil of wormwood, animal oil (empyreumatic), or creasote i oz. ; mix. 2. "Wliite lead 2 fts., red lead 1 ft ; mix, and apply by sprinkling from a dredger, following a stick drawn through the wool. — Clater. 3. Powdered colocynth 3 di-s., black brimstone 1 ft, tincture of assafoetida ^ oz. ; mix. 4. White lead 4 parts, arsenic 1 part, sulphur 6, ver- millioii 2. — Spooxee. POWDER FOR THE EYES. Equal parts of sal ammo- niac, white sugar, and oxide of zinc, triturated together. It may be mixed either with rose water or honey. — Spoonee. ASTRINGENT PO"V\T)ER FOR THE FEET, in the epidemic afPecting them. The same as for cattle. See above, page 135. OINTMENT FOR THE SCAB OR SHAB. 1. Quicksilver 1 ft, Venice turpentine i lb ; rub them together until the globules are no longer visible ; then add 4 pint of oil of turpentine, and 4 K)s. of lard. The mode of applying this ointment is as follows : — Begin at the head of the sheep, and proceeding from between the ears along the back to the end of the tail, divide the wool in a furrow till the skin can be touched; and let a finger slightly dij^ped in the ointment be drawn along the bottonj EXTEKKAL APPLICATIOIVS EOR SHEEP 143 of the furrow. From this furro^\- similar ones must be dra^^^^ along the shoulders and thighs to the legs, as far as the wool extends. And if much infected, 2 or more should also be drawn along each side, parallel with that on the back ; and one down each side before the hind and fore legs. It kills the sheep-fag, and probably the tick and other vermin. It should not be used in very cold or wet weather. — Sir Joseph Banks. 2. Tar oils. Tobacco juice. Stavesacre. — Finlay Dun. 3. Sti'ong mercurial ointment 1 part, lard 5 parts ; mix. — YOUATT. 4. Quicksilver 1 lb, Venice tm'pentine i It, spirit of turpentine 2 oz., lard 4^ fts. ; to be made and used as No. 1. In summer 1 lb of resin may be substituted for a like quantity of lard. — Clateh. 5. Strong mercurial ointment 1 lb., lard 4 lbs., oil of tur- pentine 8 oz., sulphur 12 oz. — White. 6. Mild. Flowers of suli^hur 1 lb, Venice turpentine 4 oz., rancid lard 2 lbs., strong mercurial ointment 4 oz. ; mix well. — Clater. 7. Lard or other fat, with an equal quantity of oil of turjjentiue. — DAUBENToy. 8. Without llerct'.ri/. Lard 1 lb, oil of turpentine 4 oz., flowers of sulphur 6 oz. — White. 9. Strong mercurial ointment 1 lb, lard 4 lbs., Venice turjientine 8 oz., oil of turpentine 2 oz. If mixed by heat, care must be taken to use no more heat than is necessary, and to add the oil of turpentine when the other ingredients begin to cool, and to stir till cold. — M'EWEN. 10. Corrosive sublimate 2 oz., white hellebore 3 oz., fish oil 6 quarts, resin i lb, tallow i lb. The sublimate and then the hellebore to be rubbed with a portion of the oil till perfectly smooth, and then mixed with the other ingre- dients melted together. — Stetexsox. 11. The following once had considerable local celebrity, but it obviously requires to be used with caution. Dissolve 2i oz. of corrosive sublimate in the same quantity of nmriatic acid, and be;it up the solution with 6 liis. of strong mercurial ointment ; put it in a large pan, and pour on it 19i lbs. of lard, and Ik lbs. of common turpentine, melted 144 MEDICINES FOE SHEEP A1S"D LAMBS together and still hot, and stir the whole continiially until it becomes solid. OINTMENT FOR DEEP WOUNDS OR ULCERS FROM FLIES. The Fly Powder, No. 2, mixed with tar.— Clatee. OINTMENT FOR SORE HEADS. Black pitch 2 fts, tar 1 ib, flowers of sulphur 1 ft ; melt together, taking care that it does not boil. To be spread tliickly on leather while warm, and fitted to the head. CAUSTIC ASTRINGENTS FOR FOOT-ROT. 1. Blue vitriol 1 oz., white vitriol 1 oz., burnt alum 2 oz., bole i oz., honey to form a stiff paste. — M'Ewen. 2. Sulphate of copper 2 oz., water 12 oz., dilute sul- phuric acid 2 drs. — White. 3. Butter of antimony, alone, or mixed with tincture of myrrh. 4. Verdigris, bole, and sugar of lead, in equal parts, rubbed together into a fine powder. Sprinkle on the sore, cover ^\'ith tow, and bind do«ai with tape for 24 hoi;rs, using afterwards No. 2, or No. 3. — Clatee. 5. Strong. Verdigris 1 oz., nitrous acid 2 oz., water 4 oz. — White. 6. Strongest. Red precipitate 1 oz., nitrous acid 2 oz. ; dissolve, and add water 2 oz., spirit of wine 1 oz. — White. 7. Aloes 16 oz., weak spirit 32 oz., sulphuric acid 17 oz. ; mix. — DrviLLE. 8. Dissolve sulphate of copper 2h oz. in 1^ pint of water, and add a solution of 3^ drs. of sulphate of iron previously calcined. Diffuse f oz. of slaked lime in water, and add to the mixed solutions ; then add 7 oz. common salt, 1 oz. wood vinegar, and water to make up a quart. [Nearly the composition of a celebrated French nostrum.] 9. LELOrp's Terebintliinated Oxymel of Copper. Honey 14 oz., pyroligneous acid 7 oz., powdered verdigris 5 oz. ; boil it in a large copper pan until it assumes a reddish purple colour ; then add, (keeping the mixture on a slow fire,} 14 oz. Venice turpentine ; stir with a wooden spatula EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS FOE SHEEP 14-5 for J of an hour, and pour it into jars. To he applied twice, at 12 hours' interval, by means of a small piece of wood, after cleaning the part with an iron blade. 10. White vinegar 78 parts, powdered sulphate of copper 10 parts ; dissolve, and add 12 parts of sulphuric acid. Apply it with a feather. (A French remedy.) 11. Detersive Ointment. Burnt alum 4 parts, verdigris 1 part, camphor 1 part, green ointment of elder or poplar 16 parts.— Lebas. 12. Honey 4 oz., bmuit alum 2 oz., Armenian bole ^ lb ; mis with as much train oil as will convert these ingre- dients into a salve. The honey must first be completely dissolved in the oil made hot, then the bole stirred in, and lastly the alum. 13. Carbolic acid 1 fl. dr., water 6 to 12 oz. Blacklock condemns all caustic applications, using only mild poultices and emollient ointments. 10 MEDICINES EOR SWINE. ALTERATIVE MEDICINES, given in mange and other skin diseases, and in obstinate eostiveness. 1. Sulphur i oz., ^thiops mineral 3 grs., nitre i dr., cream of tartar ^ dr. ; daily, in thick gruel or wash. — CliATEH. 2. Black antimony i oz., sulphur 2 oz., nitre i oz.; mix; for 8 doses. FEVER MEDICINE. Digitalis 3 grs., antimonlal powder 6 grs., nitre i dr. ; after bleeding, in a little warm swill, milk, or wash, morning, noon, and night. — Clatee. PURGING MEDICINES. 1. Epsom salts 1, 2, or 3 oz., in broth or swill. 2. Sulphur 2 drs., daily ; full dose i oz., with milk or other food. This may be repeated for 2 or 3 days, in sur- feit from overfeeding. 3. Jalap 1 dr. ; if insufficient, add 10 or 12 grs. of scam- mony, or 10 grs. of calomel. — White. 4. Jalap i dr., sulphur 2 drs., antimony i dr. 5. Jalap i dr., Epsom salts 1 ounce. 6. Castor oil 1 oz. to 2 oz., with gruel. 7. Castor oil 1 oz., gi-uel q. s., Epsom salts 2 oz., salt i oz. ; mix. 8. Calomel 5 grs. This must not be repeated more than twice. CARMINATIVE DRENCH, for flatulent distension, from sour whey, &c. After using the probang, or where it cannot be had, give — 1. White's solution of potash (see p. 128) 2 oz., ano- dyne carminative tincture 1 tablespoonful, water 8 oz. 2. A tablespoonful of common salt in warm water, a teaspoouf ul of mustard or powdered ginger, and a glass of gin. MEDICINES rOR SWINE 147 THRIVING POWDER, to promote fattciiin-,'. Powdered fenugreek, alone, or mixed with a fourth of liquorice powder; an ounce daily with the food. Cleanliness greatly conduces to the same end. REMEDIES FOR MEASLES. After bleeding by tail ear, palate, or vein inside the forearm, an inch above the knee, give one of the purging drinks, and turn the animal into the open air. REMEDIES FOR THE DISTEMPER, affecting the Mouth and Feet. The same drink, and astringent powder as fox' Sheep. DRENCH FOR INFLAjVIMATION OF THE BRAIN. Castor oil 2 oz., with gruel ; afterwards 2 grs. white helle- bore powder twice or thrice a day. — CuPlss. HEALING OINTMENT FOR SORE EARS. 1. Lard 1 lb, resin 4 lbs. ; melt together, and stir in -J- ft lapis talaminaris. — Clatee. 2. Zinc ointment 1 oz., yellow basilicon 3 oz. 3. Tar ointment mixed with a little soap. MANGE OINTMENT. Sulphur 4 oz., Venice turpentine 1 oz., old lard 8 oz., mercurial oiirtment 1 oz ; the animal to be previously scrubbed all over with a good soap lather. [The above alterative powders should be given at the same time.] OINTMENT FOR SORE TEATS. Soft soap 4 oz., cam- phor (powdered with spirit) i oz., mercurial ointment oz. It must be carefully washed off. 2 Medicines fou dogs. N.B. — The doses required, vary considerably, according to the strength and size of the dog, which should always be duly considered. PHYSIC BALLS AND OTHER PURGATIVE MEDI- CINES. 1. Barbadoes aloes 8 oz., antlmonial powder 1 oz., ginger 1 oz., palm oil 5 oz. j beat together into a mass. Dose from i dr. to 2 drs., every 4 or 6 hours, till the bowels are relieved. — Youatt. 2. The same, with the addition of 1 oz. of calomel. From 45 grains to 2 drs. for a dose. — Clatee. 3. Aloes i dr. to 2 drs. made into a ball with syi'up of ginger. 4. Aloes i dr. to 1^ drs., calomel 2 to 5 grs., syrup to form a^ball : in inflammation of the bowels, and in worms, — Blaine. 5. Cape aloes ^ dr. to 1 dr., calomel 2 to 3 grs., oil of caraway 6 drops, syrup to form a ball. — M'Ewen. 6. Calomel 12 grs., aloes 3 drs., opium 1 gr., syrup q. s. to form a mass, for 4, 6, or 8 balls j one every 4 or 5 hours till the bowels are relieved. — Blaine. 7. Croton oil 1 drop, Castile soap 20 grs., conserve to form a ball. 8. Castor oil 3 parts, syrup of buckthorn 2 parts, syrup of jDOppies 1 part ; dose from 1 to 2 tablespoonf uls. — Mr. Yotjatt's purge. [Mr. Clark says syrup of buckthorn for dogs, should be made with treacle, and the spices omitted.] 9. Epsom salts, from 1 to 4 drs., wTapped in tissue paper, dividing the doses into convenient-sized packets. 10. In costiveness loith injlammation : J oz. to 2 oz. castor oil. — Mr. Spoonek. 11. Jalap, powdered, 30 grs., calomel 8 grs. j make into MEDICINES FOE DOGS 149 a i)ill with gmn water, and administer every morning. In distemper. ALTERATIVE BALLS AND POWDEES. 1. Sulphur 2^ lbs., nitre ^ lb, iEthiops mineral, 4oz., lin- seed meal | lb, palm oil 1 ft, or as much as may be required ; beat together, and keep in a jar for use : dose, from 2 scruples to 1| or 2 drs.— Clateb. 2. Ethiops mineral 20 to 40 grs., cream of tartar 20 to 40 grs., nitre 5 to 10 grs. : night and morning, made into a ball with butter. — Spoonee. 3. Tonic Alterative. Mercurial pill 1 dr., aloes 2 drs., myrrh, benzoin, balsam of Peru, of each 1^ dr. ; to be divided into 10, 15, or 20 pills : one every evening, for the yellows, after aloes and calomel. — Blaine. 4. Alterative Poivder. vEthiops mineral 2 to 5 grs., cream of tartar 4 to 10 grs., tartarized iron 1 to 3 grs., once a day. — Cxatee. 5. To give a fine skin. Give a tablespoonful of tar, made up with oatmeal. — Mayee. ASTRINGENT BALLS, &c. 1. Catechu 1^ dr., sulphate of quinine 20 grs., opium 5 grs., ginger 1 dr., conserve of roses q. s. to form a mass, to be divided into 8, 6, or 4 balls. — Blaine. 2. Prepared chalk 2 oz., powdered gum arable ^ oz., powdered catechu i oz., powdered oak bark i oz., pow- dered ginger i oz., opium 15 grs., palm oil 1 oz. ; beat well together : dose, i dr. to 2 drs., morning, noon, and night, in the advanced stage of distemper. — Clatee. 3. Opium 5 grs., catechu 2 drs., gum arable 2 drs., ginger "2- dr., syrup of poppies q. s. ; divide into 12, 9, or 6 balls : In diarrhoea. — 13laine. 4. Myrrh 1 dr., ipecacuanha 1 scruple, opium 3 grs., chalk 2 drs., carbonate of iron 1 dr. : as No. 3. — Blaine. 5. In obstinate cases : Alum 1 dr., chalk 2 drs., opium 6 grs., resin 3 drs. : into 4, 6 or 8 balls. 6. In diarrhoea, after 1 to 4 drs. of Epsom salts : Pre- pared chalk 1 to 3 scruples, catechu 5 to 10 grs., opium 4 to 2 grs. ; twice a day. — Spoonee. 7. Astringent Drink. Boil 1 oz. of logwood in a quart 150 MEDICINES FOR DOGS of milk to i a pint. A teaspoonful every morning, in prolapsus. COUGH BALLS IN ASTHMA, &c. 1. After a few emetics. Calomel 3 grs., foxglove 3 grs., cream of tartar 1 dr., antimonial powder 12 grs., honey to form 6 boluses. One twice a day. — Blaine. 2. Digitalis 20 grs., antimonial powder 40 grs., nitre 2 drs., sulphur 3 drs., palm oil 3 drs., or q. s. Divide into 10, 15, or 20 halls, according to the size of the dog ; give one morning and night, interposing an emetic every third or fourth day. — ClATEE. 3. In old cases. P. squill ^ gr. to 1 gr., gum ammoniac 5 grs., balsam of Peru 8 grs., benzoic acid 1 gr., balsam of sulphur to form a ball. 4. Extract of hemlock \ dr., extract of henbane 10 grs., p. digitalis 20 grs., conserve of roses to form a mass. Di- vide into 6, 8, or 10 balls. One night and morning. — Blaine. DISTEMPER MEDICINES. 1. Turpeth's mineral 1 to 3 grs., assafoetida J dr., aloes 20 grs., soap 10 grs., syrup of poppies to form a ball. To be preceded by an emetic, and given every third day. 2. After bleeding (if required) and an emetic, give a physic ball; and afterwards the following:— 2 or 3 times a day : Antimonial powder 2, 3, or 4 grs. ; nitre 5, 10, or 15 grs. ; ipecacuanha 2, 3, or 4 grs. ; form a ball. If the disease proceed to the debilitating stage, give the Tonic Ball No. 2; in the putrid or malignant stage give the Astringent Ball No. 1. — Blaine. 3. After the Emetic Powder No. 1 (which should be re- peated every 3rd or 4th day) give the Cough Ball No. 2, from J dr. to 2 drs. in weight. And if the dog lose flesh, . give equal parts of the cough ball and the Tonic Ball (No. 1). In the more advanced stages give the tonic alone ; or the astringent hall if diarrhcea comes on. — Clatee. 4. Give a third of a paper of James's powder, mixed with butter, and afterwards warm broth or milk. In 2 hours, another third ; and if this neither vomit nor purge, give the other third at the end of 4 hoxirs.— Daniel. MEDICINES FOR DOGS 151 5. Blaine's Distemper Powders, which are sold in packets, with directions for use. 6. Camphor 3 to 5 grs., charcoal 10 grs., opium 1 gr., aromatic confection q. s. to form a ball. — In the malignant stage, with diarrhoea. 7. Antimonial powder 2 to 4 grs., nitre 5 to 10 grs., digitalis ^ to 2 grs. Afterwards the Tonic Pills No. 4. — Spoonee. Poudre Kusique : a French nostrum. Mix 45 grs. of nitre, 45 of sulphur, and 1 charcoal. Diidde into 3 doses. Give 1 for 2 successive mornings, and the third on the 4th mornmg, mixed with lard or butter, or in milk. For a large dog a second packet (of 3 powders) may be required. — Habeet. Another French nostrum, Hemel's Powder, is of a similar kind. 8. A strong solution of salt, to the amount of i pint daily. 9. Powdered tin, sulphur, gunpowder, of each 1 oz. ; lard sufficient to form a mass. The size of a nutineg to be given twice or thrice a week. 10. Physic Ball No. 11. 11. i oz. to 1 fl. oz. of cod-liver oil, twice a day, according to size. 12. Emetics, gentle laxatives, milk diet, and from 5 to 15 grs. of chlorate of potash, twice a day. — Finlay Dun. REMEDIES FOR SPASMODIC COLIC. 1. Castor oil i oz., oil of peppermint 1 drop, laudanum 20 drops. If it does not open the bowels, give i dr. to li dr. of aloes. — Blaine. 2. Castor oil 3 oz., syrup of buckthorn 2 oz., syrup of poppies 1 oz. Give from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. — Youatt. 8. Ether i- dr., laudanum ^ dr., camphor 3 to 6 grs. castor oil (unless purged) 3 to 5 drs. — Blaine. CONATJLSIONS. Give Colic Mixture No. 3, and apply warm bath and flannel, 152 MEDICINES FOE DOGS FOR FITS OR EPILEPSY. 1. Calomel 8 grs., carbonate of iron i dr., extract of hemlock 20 grs., conserve of roses, or palm oil, to form a mass for 12, 9, or 6 balls. — Blaine. 2. Give the Alterative Balls No. 1, or the pills of nitrate of silver, as for St. Vitns's dance. — Clater. 3. For epilepsy of suckling hitches. Ether 1 dr., lauda- num \ dr., strong ale 2 oz. ; give from a dessert-spoonful to 1 or 2 tablespoonfuls every 2 or 3 hours. — Blaine. 4. For epilepsy attending distemper. The Tonic Balls, or the pills for chorea. — Clatee. 5. After an emetic. Gentian 10 to 20 grs., ginger 3 to 6 grs., carbonate of iron 2 to 4 grs., or fi'om an eighth to a fourth of a gr. of nitrate of silver, and ^ gr. of spiders' web once a day. — Spoonee. 6. Ether 1 dr., laudanum i dr., camphor 6 grs., spirit of hartshorn 1 dr. ; iji a spoonful of ale : for small dogs give half the quantity. — Blaine. EMETIC POWDERS. 1. Calomel, emetic tartar, of each 1 oz. ; vermilion 10 grs. ; rub together : dose, from 1 to 3 gi-s., dropped on the tongue, or mixed with a teaspoonful of milk. — Clatee. 2. Emetic tartar, from 1 to 3 grs. 3. Turpeth's mineral, from 1 to 3 grs. 4. A teaspoonful of common salt. MEDICINES FOR INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS. 1. In inflammation of the lungs. After bleeding and purging, digitalis 12 grs., emetic tartar 3 grs., nitre 1 dr.; mix, and divide into 6, 9, or 12 powders. — Blaine. 2. Ditto, icith much cough. Tincture of digitalis 1 dr., emetic tartiir 3 grs., nitre 1 dr., simple oxymel 2 oz. ; dose, 1 or 2 drs. every 3 hours. — Blaine. 3. In pleurisy, with incipient water in the chest. Digi- talis 6 grs., calomel 6 grs., tartarized iron 18 grs. ; into 6, 9, or 12 doses. — Youatt. 4. In inflammation of the liver. Digitalis 8 grs., anti- monial powder 16 grs., nitre 1 dr. : divide into 7, 9, or 12 powders, or boluses. — Blaine. 5; In chronic inflammation of the liver. Calomel 20 MEDICINES FOB DOGS 153 grs., antimonial powder ^ dr., myrrh, gentian, aloes, of each 2 drs. ; mix, and divide into 15, 20, or 25 balls. 6. In inflaynmation of the bowels. After bleeding and a warm bath, give the castor oil mixture (see Pm-gatives, No. 8). — Clater. 7. Bilious inflammation (with offensive, often black vomiting and purging) : Calomel 10 grs., opium 4 grs. : in 4 or 8 pills — one 3 times a day ; afterwards the astringent remedies for dian-hcea. — Spoonee. MEDICINES FOR RHEUMATISM. 1. After warm bath, and friction, give tincture of opium 20 drops, ether 20 drops, castor oil 5 oz. to 1 oz. — Blaine. 2. Calomel 2 to 4 grs., opium i gr., oil of peppermint 1 drop, aloes 1 dr. ; form a ball with butter or lard : repeat it every 4 hours till the bowels are well opened ; and use the Embrocation No. 3. — Clater. 3. After warm bath, &c., give 40 drops of laudanum, and a teaspoonf ul of hartshorn, in warm beer ; and rub with the Embrocation No. 1. — Mater. TONIC MEDICINES. 1. Gentian 1 oz., chamomile ^ oz., oak-bark ^ oz., ginger 5 oz., carbonate of iron ^ oz., palm oil 1 oz. ; beat them together to form a mass ; dose, 2 to 6 scruples. — Clateb. 2. Sulphate of quinine J dr., powdered chamomile 3 drs., balsam of Peru 1^ dr., camphor 1 scruple ; form a mass with conserve of roses, and divide in 12, 9, or 6 balls ; one every 6 hours, in the debilitating stage of distemper. — Blaine. 3. Chamomile 1 oz., rue j oz., ginger 5 oz. (all in powder) ; beat them into a mass with 7 drs. of palm oil, and divide into 12, 16, or 20 balls ; one night and morning in ffutta Serena. — Clater. 4. Gentian powder 10 to 20 grs., ginger 5 grs., cascarilla 10 to 20 grs. ; conserve of roses, or syrup, to form a ball. One twice a day. WORM MEDICINES. 1. Carbonate of iron ^ oz., .^thiops mineral 1 dr.. 154 MEDICINES FOR DOGS gentian 1 oz., ginger ^ oz, levigated glass 1 oz., palm oil 9 drs. ; beat well together ; dose, from f to 2 drs. — Clatee. 2. As much very finely-powdered glass as will lie on a sixpence, mixed with butter. — Blaine. Mr. Yotjatt says from 5 dr. to 1 dr., powdered glass, with a little ginger, made into a ball with lard. 3. Aloes, sulphur, prepared hartshorn, and juice of wormwood, made into a mass; the size of a hazel nut to be given three times a M'eek, fasting, wTapped in butter. — Daniel. 4. Tin filings, or pevi'ter filings, | dr. to 1 dr., with butter or lard. 5. Jalap 10 to 15 grs., calomel 2 to 3 grs. mixed with butter ; no cold liquid should be allowed. — White. 6. Cowage i dr., iron filings 4 drs., conserve of roses q. s. to form a mass, to be divided into 4, 6, or 8 balls ; one every night and morning ; and afterwards the purgative No. 4. — Blaine. 7. Epsom salts 1 oz., common salt 1 drachm ; give a smaU or large teaspoonful daily. 8. Give green wahiut leaves boiled in milk. — Mater. 9. From ^ dr. to 2 drs., according to size, of betel nut, in coarse powder, made into a ball. 10. For Tape Worm. Oil of turpentine \ dr., mixed with yolk of egg ; for very large dogs 2 scruples. Some writers prescribe larger doses (1 or 2 drs.), but these some- times prove fatal. — Blaine. 11. For 2 to 6 drs. of cusso according to size. 12. For Tape Worm. Oil of turpenthie and olive oil, of each a oz. ; mix, and give carefully ; 3 or 4 hours after, 1 oz. castor oil. See No. 9. — White. 13. For Stomach Worms. Give the emetic powder (see further back) and afterwards a physic ball. 14. Thread Worms. These are destroyed by an aloetic clyster. MEDICINES FOR THE YELLOWS. 1. After bleeding — Calomel 2 to 3 grs., jalap 10 grs., scammony 4 grs. — White. 2. Aloes 20 to 40 grs., calomel 2 to 4 grs. ; afterwards the tonic alterative balls. See Alteeatives, MEDICINES FOR DOGS 155 MEDICINES FOR ST. VITUS'S DANCE, oe CHOREA. 1. Nitrate of silver 8 grs., ginger 10 grs., sjrup to form a mass ; divide into 64 pills, and give one or two, morning and night. — Clater. 2. Strychnia 1 gr., oxide of zinc 24 grs., assafoetida 24 grs., conserve of roses, q. s. j mix very accurately, and divide into 12, 9, or 6 balls. 3. Nitrate of silver 3 grs., carbonate of iron 2 drs., gen- tian 3 drs., conserve of roses to form a mass, for 12, 9, or 6 balls. — Blaine. MEDICINES FOR DROPSICAL COMPLAINTS. 1. Digitalis 9 grs., squill 12 grs., cream of tartar 2 drs., mix, and divide into 9, 12, or 15 powders ; one night and morning. 2. Foxglove 12 grs., antimonial powder 15 grs., nitre 1 dr. ; as the last. — Blaine. 3. Foxglove 1 gr., nitre 10 grs., ginger 8 grs. ; night and morning j then iodide of potassium ^ gr. to 1 gr. — • YOUATT. BALLS FOR ENLARGED GLANDS and CANCEROUS DISEASES. 1. Extract of hemlock 1 to 3 grs., burnt sponge 10 to 20 grs. ; make a ball, to be given once or twice a day. 2. Iodine 12 grs., powdered gum 40 grs., syrup to form a stiff mass, divide into 48 pills, and give one or two, night and morning. — Clater. BALLS TO PROMOTE PARTURITION. Ergot of rye 20 grs. ; pulverize, and add ginger 16 grs., syrup q. s. ; beat into a mass, and divide into 5 pills ; give one every hour, or to a small bitch, half of one. — Clater. TO PREVENT RABIES, OR CANINE MADNESS. 1. Powdered leaves of the Scutellaria lateriflora if) grs., powdered belladonna 2\ grs.; to be given night and morning for 6 weeks, gradually increasing the dose. — YOUATT. 2. Infuse a teaspoonf ul and a half of powdered Scutella- ria '\\\ a quart of hot water ; give half a pint morning and 156 MEDICINES FOR DOGS night, omitting the dose every third day, when a mild dose of sulphur must be given. — Dr. Spalding. 3. Fresh leaves of the tree-box 2 oz., rue 2 oz., sage i oz., chop them fine, and boil them in a pint of w;ater till reduced to half a pint ; strain, and press out the liquid ; beat the herbs, and boil them in a pint of new miJk to half; strain, press the herbs, and mix the liquids. For a man, give a third of this quantity every other morning fasting ; double the above quantity makes 3 doses for a horse or cow ; two-thirds will suffice for a middle-sized dog, and a third for smaller dogs. It produces extreme nausea and distress, and has occasionally proved fatal to dogs. —Blaine. €x\m\iil gplitations. ASTRINGENT & DETERGENT LOTIONS, for Wounds, &c. 1. Bruised oak-bark 2 oz., catechu 1 oz., water 3 pints j boil to a pint, and strain. — Clatee. 2. Tincture of myrrh and aloes 1 oz., alum ^ oz., water 1 pint. 3. For sore feet. The Lotion (No. 1), 4 oz., tincture of aloes 5 oz., water 1 pmt. 4. Nitrate of silver 10 grs., water 1 oz. : to excite sluggish wounds. LOTIONS FOR CANCER IN THE EAR. See Oint- aiENTS FOE Cankee IN THE Eae, further on. 1. Sulphate of zinc 20 grs., sugar of lead i dr., water 4 oz. — White. 2. Sulphate of zinc 20 grs., decoction of oak -bark 4 oz. — Blaine. 3. Nitrate of silver 1 gr., rain-water 2 oz. 4. Sugar of lead ^ dr., rose-water 4 oz. A teaspoonful to he introduced blood-warm into the car. 5. Mild Canker Lotion. Infusion of foxtrlove leaves EXiEEKAL APPLICATIONS 157 ^ pint, Goulard's extract of lead i oz. ; mix. To be used as the last. — Clatee. 6. Strong Canker Lotion. Goulaixl's extract 2 drs. white vitriol 1 dr., alum 2 drs., water | pint. 7. Chloride of lime 20 to 30 grs., water ^ pint. LOTION TO ALLAY ITCHING. Dilute hydrocyanic acid 1 dr., water a pint. — Youatt. OINTMENTS FOR CANKER OF THE EAR. 1. Equal parts of zinc oiutmeut, and ointment of nitrate of quicksilver. — Blaine. 2. Sublimate 3 grs., Turner's Cerate 1 dr., sulphur a scruple. 3. "\\lute A-itriol, alum, each in fine powder, a drachm, lard 4 oz. To be rubbed gently into the crack. — Clateh. 4. Stronger. Nitrate of silver 20 grs., lard 1 oz. Rub them well together. — Clatee. 5. Levigated red precipitate i oz., lard 2 oz. — Mayee. EYE WATERS. 1. Astringent Wash for Weak Myes. — Wliite vitriol 4 grs., spirits of wine j dr., water 4 oz. — Clatee. 2. Sugar of lead 30 grs., rose-water 6 oz. — Blaine. 3. Laudanum ^ c^i'-j infusion of green tea 4 oz.— M'EWEN. 4. For naturally weak eyes. Laudanum 2 drs., water 8 oz. To be iised every morning. — Clatee. 5. Sugar of lead ^ dr., distilled water 6 oz., tiuctm-e of opium \ dr. In inflammation, after bleeding, physic, and warm fomentations. — Spoonee. OINTMENTS FOR ULCERATED EYELIDS. 1. Red precipitate, levigated, 10 grains, zinc ointment i oz. 2. Ointment of nitrate of quicksilver 1 dr., sugar of lead 20 grs., spermaceti ointment 3 drs. — Blaine. 3. Dissolve a di'achm of quicksilver in a drachm and half of strong nitric acid, and well mix the waiui solution with 6 oz. of melted lard. — H. Glayteb. 158 MEDICINES FOE DOGS OINTMENTS AND LOTIONS FOR THE MANGE. N.B. — An alterative ball should be given daily and a physic ball occasionally. Bleeding is sometimes prescribed. 1. For Scabhy Mange. Sulphur 4 oz., sal ammoniac \ oz., aloes 1 dr., Venice turpentine \ oz., lard 6 oz. : mix. After four applications wash well with soap and water. — Blaine. 2. Horse turpentine and palm oil, of each \ lb, train oil \ pint. Melt together, and while cooling, stir in 3 fts. of flowers of sulphur. — Clatee. 3. Aloes 2 drs., hellebore \ oz., sulphur 4 oz., lard or train oil, 6 oz. — McEwen. 4. Sulphate of zinc 1 di'., snuff \ oz., white hellebore \ oz., sulphur 4 oz., aloes \ oz., soft soap 6 oz.— Blaine. . 5. Charcoal powder 2 oz., STilphur 4 oz., salt of tartar 1 dr., Venice tui'pentine \ oz., lard 6 oz. 6. For Red Mange. Add 1 oz. of strong mercurial oint- ment to 6 oz. of either of the above. 7. Charcoal 1 oz., chalk 1 oz., sugar of lead 1 dr., white precipitate 2 drs., sulphur 2 oz., lard 5 oz. — Blaine. 8. Wash for Red Mange. — Corrosive sublimate 20 grs., spirit of wine 2 drs.; dissolve, and add, milk of sulphur ^ oz., lime-water | pint. Apply by means of a spgiige. — Clatee. 9. For Ulcerated Mange. Ointment of nitrated quick- silver 2 drs., sugar of lead 20 grs., flowers of sulphur ^ oz., lard 1 oz. ; mix. — Blaine. ARSENIC OINTMENT. Yellow sulphuret (sidphide) of arsenic 1^ gr., cerate, or lard \ oz. : in mange and other shin diseases. — Delafond. SURFEIT OINTMENT. After bleeding and purging, apply sugar of lead 1 dr., spermaceti ointment 2 oz. OINTMENT AND POWDERS FOR PILES. Ointment. — Sugar of lead 6 grs., tar ^ dr., elder ointment 3 drs. — Blaine. Powders. — Nitre -^ dr., milk of sul]3hur 3 drs.; mix, and divide into 9, 12, or 15 doses. — Blaine. HEALING OINTMENT. 1. Palm oil 3 lis., resin 1 11) ; melt togethei', and when EXTERNAL APPLICATIOiyS 159 they begin to cool, add 1 lb of powdered calamine. — Clateb. 2. Oxide of zinc ^ oz., lard 1| oz., balsam of Peru Idr. OINTMENT FOR SCIRRHOUS TUMOURS. Iodide of potassium 1 dr., lard 7 drs. ; rub together till perfectly smooth. STIMULATING MERCURIAL OINTMENT. Mercmial ointment 1 oz., simple cerate 1 oz. A small quantity to be rubbed over the region of the liver once a day till the mouth is sore. — Blaine. EMBROCATIONS FOR PALSY, RHEUMATISM, &c. 1. Oil of turpentme 2 oz., spirit of hartshorn 2 oz., - tincture of opium ^ oz., olive oil 2 oz. — Blaine. 2. Cajeput oil 1 oz., soap liniment 2 oz. 3. Spirit of turjjentine, spirit of hartshorn, camphorated spirit, of each 1 oz., laudanum ^ oz. — ClateEj, LOTIONS FOR STRAINS AND BRUISES. 1. Common salt and cold \-inegar. 2. Sal ammonial i oz., vinegar a pint. 3. Oil of turpentine 1 oz., old beer i puit, brine i pint. For strains. — Mayee. 4. Spirit of Mindererus 4 oz., Goulard water 8 oz. ASTRINGENT LOTION FOR WOUNDS, SORE FEET, &c. — Bruised oak-bark 2 oz., catechu 1 oz., water 3 pints, boil to 1 pint, and strain. — Clatek. POWDERED AND LIQUID CAUSTIC FOR WARTS. 1. Equal parts of sal ammoniac and savine, powdered together. 2. Sublimate 1 dr., hydrochloric acid 1 dr., spirit of wine 3 drs., water 2 drs. The warts to be touched with the liquid twice a day. — YorATT. FLEAS. 1. Rub the skiu with the powdered resiii and bran. 160 MEDICINES FOE DOGS 2. Let the dog sleep on deal shavings. 3. Scotch snuff steeped m gin. — Metek. (This requli-es caution.) 4. Oil of aniseed. — Finlay Dun. 5. Persian insect powder. CLYSTERS. Astringent. Alum whey. Purgative. The purgative medicine No. 8 ; with gruel. For Worms. Solution of aloes 2 oz., linseed oil 1 oz. Mix. Anodyne. Boiled starch i pint, laudanum 5 to 10 drops. — Clatee. MEDICINES FOE • POULTRY, RABBITS, &c. FOR ROUP, POULTRY GLANDERS, AND GARGLE IN GEESE. 1. A saturated solution of common salt. Medium dose, half a teaspoonful. 2. Antimonial powder 1 gr., with sopped bread, twice a day. — Clatee. 3. GarHc, rue, hrickdust, and butter, beaten together, and a little crammed down thethroat. 4. For wet roup in pigeons. Give 3 or 4 pepper-corns in 3 or 4 days. — Mooee. 5. For dry roup. Give 2 or 3 pills of garlic every day. [Some recommend assafoetida to be mixed with the food of Poultry, whenever they manifest disease by drooping their wings.] FOR RUMP ROUP, OR INFLAMMATION OF THE OIL-VESSEL. Open the tumour, and squeeze out the collected oil. GAPES (OR PIP), FROM WORMS IN THE AIR. PASSAGES. 1. Pills of sulphur, turpentine, and wheat flour. — (' Veterinarian,' Oct. 1840.) 2. Oil of turpentine 2 drs., Imseed oil 1 oz. ; or oil of turpentine 2 drs., flour enough to make it into 20 pills. For 20 doses, one every other day for 3 or 4 times. 3. Tobacco smoke. INFLAjMMATION of THE LUNGS AND ASTHMA. Give a grain each of calomel and antimonial powder, daily. PURGING FLUX, OR DIARRH(EA. 1. Change the diet and give whole wheat or rice ; and 11 162 MEDICINES FOE POULTEY, ETC. if obstinate, cram clown small pieces of tlie following mass : — Chalk, p. caraway, and syi'up of poppies. — Clateb. 2. Put chalk in their water, or give forge-water. CROPSICK, OR CONSTIPATION. If the obstruction is in the crop, endeavour to force the contents into the gullet and mouth by gentle pressure, AVhen partiaHy emptied give rue and butter. When the obstruction is in the bowels, give bran and pollard, mixed with a little greasy hot liquor, to which, if necessary, a little si;lphur may be added ; or give a tea- spoonful of the castor-oil mixture (see No. 8, Medicines for Dogs, Physic Balls). — See Chipping. PIP, OR PLAIN IN THE TONGUE. 1. Wash the mouth two or thi'ce times a day, with a mixture of equal parts of tuicture of myrrh and water. 2. Rub the sore with common salt. 3. Solution of chloride of soda 1 dr., water 1 oz., honey of roses 3 drs. CANKER IN PIGEONS. Apply bm-nt alum, mixed with honey. SCABS IN BREASTS AND BACKS OF PIGEONS. Dill seed, cimiin seed, fennel seed, of each 1 lb., assafcetida I5 oz., bay salt ^ lb., common salt ^ lb. ; knead them with fine clay and flour. Bake it in earthen pots, and set it for the birds to peck.-^MooEE. Genuine Salt- Cat. — Sifted gravel, brickmakers' earth, rub- bish of old walls, of each a peck, cumin seed 1^ lb,, bay- salt I lb. j mix. FOR FILANDER WORMS IN HAWKS. Aloes, iron filings, nutmeg, and honey; mix, and give a small piece as often as necessary. CHIPPESTG, IN CHICKENS.— Remove the chickens to a warm place. Mix 1 oz. of castor oil with | oz. syrup of ginger ; mix a teaspoonful of this with a little thick gruel, and force a little down several times a day, so that it shall get half a teaspoonful of the mixture in the course of the day. FOR CHILL, IN TURKEY CHICKS. Give ground malt MEDICINES FOB POITLTET, ETC. 163 and barley-meal in equal quantities, adding a little pow- dered caraway or coriander-seed. PASTE FOR WEAK TURKEY CHICKS. Eggs boiled hard, nettles, and parsley, all chopped up, and moistened with wine or water. MEGRIMS OR GIDDINESS. Castor oil 1 oz., syrup of gmger i oz., syi'up of poppies | oz. ; mix with gruel and force a little down occasionally — Clatee. CONVULSIONS OP DUCKS. Give to gro\vn-up ducks 4 grains of pepper, mixed with fresh butter. FOR BLINDNESS. Foment with warm water, then drop a few drops of the following solution into the eyes : — laudanum 1 teaspoonful, water a teacupful. LOTION FOR WOUNDS. 1. Laudanum, a few di'ops, added to a teacupful of water. 2. Tinctxire of myi'rh and paregoric, each a teaspoon- ful, water i a pint. TO PROMOTE THE LAYING OF EGGS. A little sul- phate of soda, placed within reach of the hens, is said to be useful. Warmth, good feeding, with a little chopped meat in winter, are also recommended. To prevent their laying soft eggs, supply them with old mortar, bruised egg-shells, or chalk. FUNGUS, OR PROUD FLESH, FROM WOUNDS IN THE HEAD. Burnt alum 2 drs., honey 1 oz. ; mix, and apply twice a day. VERMIN, TO DESTROY. Tobacco smoke, with good food, and cleanliness. MOULTING. It is usual to put saffron into the water of cage birds when moultmg; others recommend a rusty nail. FOR SNIFFLES IN RABBITS. Sulphate of copper 1 to 2 grs., morning and evening, in bran. — Clatee. FOR ROT OR POT BELLY, Give them young green broomj and bread well toasted. — Mayee; PATENT AND PROPRIETARY MEDICINES, DEUGaiSTS' NOSTEUMS, ETC. This division consists of tliose medicinal compounds which are excluded from the Pocket Formulary, as belonging rather to empirical than to regular practice. It includes, in addition to those secret and patent remedies which are usually termed Quack Medicines, preparations of various drugs made according to private formulae ; some favourite domestic remedies ; and a few compounds, which, though not empirical, are better knowni by the names of indivi- dual practitioners than by any other title. The supposed composition of some of the secret remedies is given on the authority of Dr. Paris, the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, and others; but without voucliing for their correctness. Abeenethy's Pills. The nostrum to which this distin- guished surgeon's name has been applied, is said to con- sist of 2 grs. of blue pill, and 3 of compound extract of colocynth. Ague Drops (tasteless). A solution of arsenic, probably similar to the liquor potassa arsenitis (liquor arsenicalis, B.) of the Pharmacopoeia. Anderson's Pills. See Pilulse Andersonis, P. F. Other published formulse are — 1. Barbadoes aloes 1 oz., jalaj) ^ oz., soap 1 dr., oil of aniseed i dr., tincture of aloes q. s. ; mix, and divide into 4-grain pills. 2. Barbadoes aloes 5 oz., water 1 oz.; soften by the heat of a water-bath, and add powdered jala]3, i)owdercd aniseed, and ivory-black, of each 1 oz., oil of aniseed 1 dr. 3. Barbadoes aloes 16 oz., black hellebore, jalap, sub* carbonate of potash, of each 1 oi., oil of aniseed \ oi. PATENT AND PEOPRIETART MEDICINES 165 sjTup of buckthorn q. s. to form a mass. To be divacled into 4-grain pills. 4. Barbacloes aloes 24 oz., soap 4 oz., colocynth 1 oz., gamboge 1 oz., oil of aniseed i fluid oz. ; mix, and divide into pills of 3 grs. each. Phil. Coll. of Pharmacy. Anodyne Necklaces. Beads formed of the root of hen- bane, and used as necklaces, to allay the pain of teething. ANTiPERTtrssis. Dr. Paeis states that the basis of this nostrum is a salt of zinc. Aequebusade (acid). 1. Sulphuric acid i lb., vinegar and spirit of wine, of each 3 lbs., clarified honey 1 lb. — SWEDIAUR. 2. Distilled vinegar and rectified spirit, of each 10 oz., sulphuric acid (by weight) 1^ oz., sugar 22 oz. ; mix. For the aromatic spirituous arquebusade water, see Arquebusade Water, under PEEFrMEBY; also Spiritus Vulnerarius, P. F. Aromatic Vinegar. Strongest acetic acid 1 lb., camphor 1 oz. ; dissolve, and add 1 oz. each of oil of lavender, oil of cloves, and oil of lemon. Aperient and Antibilious Pills. See Anderson's, Baillie's, Baeclay's, Dixon's, &c.. Pills. The following are useful forms — 1. Compound extract of colocynth 60 grs., comp. rhu- barb pill 30 grs., soap 10 grs. In 24 pills. 2. Compound extract of colocynth 2 di's., extract of rhu- barb 2 dr., compound soap pill 10 grs. ; mix, and divide into 40 pills ; 1, 2, or 3 for a dose. 3. Compound extract of colocynth 8 oz., soap 1 oz., scammony 2 oz., extract of rhubarb 2 oz., oil of cassia 5 drs., spirit q. s. to form a mass. Divide into 4-grain pills. 4. Blue pill, comp(iund extract of colocynth, of each a scruple ; scannnony and Castile soap, of each 10 grs., oil of caraway 4 dro])s. Mix, and divide into 15 pills — 3 at bedtime. — Sir B. Brodie. 5. Compound extract of colocynth 4 scruples, scam- mony a scruple, extract of rhubarb 12 grs., soap 6 gi's., oil of cinnamon 4 drops. Mix, and divide into 24 pills. — Mr. Vance. 6. Mr. Vance's Stronger Pills, with Calomel. Com- pound extract of colocynth 4 scruples, scammony 2 scru- 166 PATENT AND PEOPEIETAEr MEDICINES pies, calomel 24 grs., oil of cinnamon 6 drops, in 24 pills. — Dr. J. Johnson. 7. Compound extract of colocynth 1 dr., calomel 15 grs., emetic tartar 1 gr., oil of cassia 5 drops. In 24 pills. — Dr. J. Johnson. 8. Scammouy 10 to 15 grs., compound extract of colo- cynth 2 scruples, extract of rhubarb i dr., soap 10 grs. oil of caraway 5 drops. In 20 pills. One or two when required. — Sir C. Sctjdamore. 9. Compound rhubarb pill ^ dr., ipecacuanha 6 grs., compound extract of colocynth 20 grs. In 12 pills. One or more at bedtime occasionally. — Dr. Baeon. 10. The same as Pil. Coloc. et Hyoscyami, Ed. Ph. — Dr. Hamilton. 11. (Strong.) Compound extract of colocynth 2 drs., aloes and mjTrh pill 2 drs., calomel 1 dr. ; mix, and divide into 40 pills. Two for a dose. — Dr. Lynn. 12. Compound extract of colocynth 2 scruples, ipeca- cuanha 6 grs., soap 10 grs., extract of henbane 30 grs. In 18 pills. Two at bedtime. — Dr. Copland. 13. Dr. Neligan's Furgative Pills for general use. Comp. colocynth pill, and soap of jalap, of each 1 dr. In 24 pills. Two when required. 14. (Without aloes.) Simple extract of colocynth 24 grs., extract of jalap 12 grs., blue pill 12 grs., ipecacuanha 4 grs., oil of peppermint 3 drops. In 12 pills. Other formulae will be found in the Pocket Formnlary. Those which do not contain calomel should be preferred for general and repeated use. Atkinson's Infant Preservative. Carbonate of magnesia 6 drs., white sugar 2 oz., oil of aniseed 20 drops, spirit of sal volatile 2| drs., laudanum 1 dr., syrup of saffron 1 oz., caraway water to make a pint. Atropine Paper. Green tissue paper imbued with a solu- tion of sulphate of atropia, so that a piece -^th of an inch square contains as much as a drop of a solution of 2 grs. to 1 oz. of water. The paper is hung up and turned about while drying, A piece of the size named will dilate the pupil if placed on the sclerotic, and the lids closed over it, and tied with a handkerchief, — Mr. Stbeatfield, DEIJGGISTS' NOSTEUMS, ETC. 167 Bachee's Toxic Pills. Alkaline extract of black hellebore 2 drs., extract of myrrh 2 drs,, powder of holy thistle 1 dr.; mix, and di%'ide into 4-grain pills. Dr. Baillie's Pills. Compound extract of colocynth li dr., extract of aloes 1^ dr., Castile soap i dr., oil of cloves 15 drops : in 38 pills. 3 at bedtime occasionally. Dr. Baillie's Dinnee Pills. Aloes 20 grs., ginger ^ dr., ipecacuanha 8 grs., syrup q. s. Mix, and divide into 16 piUs. One daily, before dinner. Bailey's Itch Ointment. Olive oil 1 lb., suet 1 lb., alkanet root 2 oz. Melt, and macerate until coloured ; then strain, and add 3 oz. each of alum, nitre, and sulphate of zinc, in very fine powder ; adding vermilion to colour it, and oil of aniseed, lavender, and thyme, to perfume. Baeing Powder. Tartaric acid 8 oz., bicarbonate of soda 9 oz. arrow-root, or rice flour, 10 oz. Mix. Delfoet's is said to consist of alum 5 oz.,* bicarbonate of soda 2| oz., bicarbonate of ammonia ^ oz., arrow-root 4 oz. Balm of Gilead (factitious). 4 oz. of gum benzoin may be dissolved by heat in 1 lb. of Canada balsam, and to the mixture, when cold, i oz. each of the oils of rosemary, lemon, and cassia, added. Balm of Rakasiei. Oil of rosemary dissolved in common gin. Balsam. See Foed's, Hill's, Feyae's, &c. Baeclay's (Rev. D.) Antibilious Pills. Extract of colo- cynth 2 drs., soap of jalap 2i drs., extract of guaiacum wood 3 drs., emetic tartar 8 grs., oil of juniper, caraway, and rosemary, each 4 drops ; into 4-grain pills. Baeegian Balls. Extract of soap-wort (or of artichoke leaves) 3 oz., gelatine li oz., water 3 oz. ; heat together till dissolved, pour the solution into a warm iron mortar ; add 6 oz. of sulphuret of lime, and 1 oz. of salt, previously powdered and mixed. Stir constantly till a mass is ob- tained, and divide it into balls of 2i oz. each. Use one for a general bath, half of one for a foot bath. Bark, Essential Salt of. See Extractum Cinchonae Sic- cum, P. F. Barker's Tooth Tincttjre. An alcoholic solution of pyi'ethrum, coloured with tiuctui'e of red cabbage. Bateman's Pectoral Drops, 1. Compomid spirit of * Tlie employment of alum in bread-making ought to be disc'ountenanced. 168 PATENT AND PKOPEIETAET MEDICINES aniseed 16 fluid ounces, opium 1 dr., camphor 1 dr., oil of fennel 20 drops, cochineal 2 drs. 2. Proof spirit 4 galls., red sanders 2 oz.; digest 24 hours, filter, and add powdered opium 2 oz., camphor 2 oz., catechu 2 oz., oil of aniseed 4 fluid drachms ; digest for 10 days. Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. The old wine gallon is here intended. Bateman's Itch Ointment. Carbonate of potash | oz., rose-water 1 oz., vermilion 1 dr., sulphur 11 oz., oil of bergamot i dr., lard 11 oz. ; mix. Bate's Anodyne Balsam. Soap liniment 2 parts, tincture of opium 1 part. Bate's Camphorated Eye-watee. Sulphate of copper 15 grs., French bole 15 grs., camphor 4 grs., boiling water 4 oz. ; infuse, strain, and dilute with 4 pints of cold water. Bate's Styptic Wash. See Liquor Aluminis Co., P. F. Bathing Spirits. Tliese resemble liquid opodeldoc (soap liniment), and are usually coloured by the addition of some dark tincture. See Feeeman's Bathing Spirits.' Bath Digestive Pills. Ehubarb 2 oz., ipecacuanha ^ oz., cayenne pepper \ oz., soap ^ oz., ginger ^ oz., gamboge i oz. ; mix, and divide into 4-grain pills. Bath Lozenges (in imitation of Davison's). Pure extract of liquorice 1 oz., powdered gum ai'abic 1 oz., white sugar 1 lb., hot water q. s. to form a mass ; to be rolled into pipes. Battley's LiQroK Cinchon.e and LiQrOE Opii. See Pocket Formulary. Battley's Sen'na Powder. Senna leaves heated until they become light in colour, reduced to powder, and mixed with some finely powdered charcoal. Bafme de Vie. Socotrine aloes 2 drs., rhubarb 6 drs., saffron 2 drs., liquorice root 1 oz., proof spirit 8 oz. ; digest for 8 days, and filter. The original Swedish form is this : — aloes 9 drs., rhubarb, gentian, zedoary, saffron, theriaca, agaric, of each a drachm, proof spirit 2 pints. Baynton's Plaster. Simple litharge plaster 16 oz., yellow resin 6 drs. ; melt together, and spread on linen or calico. Beddoe's Pills; for Gravel, &c. Carbonate of soda, dried without heat, 1 dr., soap 4 scruples, oil of juniper 10 drops, syrup of ginger q. s. for 30 pills. druggists' nostrums, etc. 169 Beetle Wafers. Eed lead, sugar, and flour ; made into wafers. Belloste's Pills. Quicksilver, scammony, and jalap, of each 1 lb., sugar 4 oz. ; mixed and made up into a mass with sherry wine. Besttjcheff's Nekvous Tincttire. a mixture of a strong solution of perchloride of iron with sulphuric etlier and spirit, exposed in long bottles to the rays of the sun until it has quite lost its brown colour. Betton's British Oil. Oil of turpentine 8 oz., Barbadoes tar 4 oz., oil of rosemary 4 drs. ; mix. See British Oils. Bewley & Evans' Chalybeate Wateb. Citrate of iron 13 grains, carbonated water 6 oz., syrup of orange peel 1 oz. Biscuits, Apeeient. An ounce of powdered jalap, mixed with 16 oz. of the materials for gingerbread, or other kind of cake. See Gingerbread, Purgative. Black Drop. See Guttas Nig., Pocket Formulary. Black Draught. 1. Infusion of senna 10 di-s., sulphate of magnesia 3 drs., syrup of ginger 1 dr., aromatic spirit of ammonia 20 drops. 2. Tartrate of potash 1^ dr., manna ^ di"., tincture of jalap i dr., aromatic spirit of ammonia 20 drops, extract of liquorice 4 grs., infusion of senna 11 di"s. See Mistura Seunae Comp., Haustus Aperiens, and Mistura Aperiens, in Pocket Formulary, for other formulsc. Blaine's Distemper Powders. The basis of these is said to be aurum musivum (sulphuret of tin) Blistering Paper. Melt canthai-adin 1 dr., white wax 1 dr., olive oil 5 di's. Paint it with a brush on white bibu- lous paper, and hang it up to dry in a current of air. Take a piece of pink paper of form and size required, paint the imder coloured side with a weak solution of india rubber, cut the cantharadine paper to the size, less a margin, of the pink paper, and place it on while the india-rubber solution is still sticky. Before applying, the blister must be held over the steam of hot water. See Papier Epispastique. Blistering Tissue. Taffetas Vesicant. Powdered cantha- rides exhausted by ether, the tincture distilled to recover the principal part of the ether for the same use, and the residue heated in a water-bath till it ceases to boil. The green butyraceous oil which remains is to be melted with 170 PATENT AND PEOPRIETART MEDICINES twice its weiglit of wax, and spread on waxed silk, or any convenient and adhesive material. An extract prepared by evaporating a tincture made with 4 parts of flies, 1 of strong acetic acid, and 16 of rectified sj)irit, is used for the same purj^ose. Mr. J. Deane, in a paper read before the Pharm. Soc, Feb. 2nd, 1876, advocated the use of acetic ether as the best solvent for the active principle of cantharides. Bochet's Steup, for scrofulous affections. Compound syi'up of sarsaparilla, with senna, and 1 per cent, of iodide of potassiiun. Brandish's Aleaxine Soltttion, or Caustic AiKAri. See Liq. Potassse Brandishii ii. Pocket Formulary. Beandish's Alkaline Tikctuee of Ehttbaeb. Coarsely powdered rhubarb 1 oz., alkaline sohition (Beandish's) 32 fluid omices. The original formula directs only \ oz. rhubarb, but as smaller doses of the tincture than were given by Mr. B. are now usually prescribed, the quantity of rhubarb is here increased. Or an alkaline infusion of rhubarb may be made by pouring boiling water 38 parts on rhiibarb 3 parts, and carbonate of potash 1 part. Beitish Heeb Tobacco. Tlie principal ingredient in tliis compound is dried coltsfoot leaves, to which a smaller por- tion of thyme, wood-betony, eye-bright, and rosemary, are added. British Oils. Oil of turpentine, and linseed oil, of each 8 oz. ; oil of amber, and oil of juniijer, of each 4 oz. ; true Barbadoes tar 3 oz. ; American petroleum (seneca oil) 1 oz. ; mix. See Betton's Beitish Oil, above. BEODrM's NEETOrs CoEDiAL. Iron wine, compound spirits of lavender, tinctures of calumba, gentian, cinchona, and cardamoms, eqi;al parts of each. Beocchieei's Styptic Watee. Pieces of fresh pine, bruised in a mortar, and distilled with twice their weight of water, till half the water has come over. After staiiding in a wide vessel, any floating oil is to be removed from the sur- face, and the water kept for use. Buenett's (Sir William) Disinfecting Flttid. A neu- tral solution of zinc in commercial muriatic (liydrochloric) acid. CACHOtr Aeomatis^, . See PEErrMEET, DRUaGISTS' NOSTRUMS, ETC. 171 Cajepft Liniment. Soap liniment 7 oz., camphor i oz., oil of cajeput 1 oz. Camphor Liniment, EXTEMPOEANEors. Rectified spirit 17 fluid ounces, strong water of ammonia 2i oz., camphor 2 oz., oil of lavender 50 minims. Caeeon On. Lime-water, and linseed oil, equal quantities. Castillon's Powdeks. Sago meal, salep, tragacanth, each / ^ 1 dr.; prepared oyster-shells a scruple; coloured with cochineal. A drachm to be boiled with milk; in bowel complaints. Cephalic Snuff. Dried asarabacca leaves 3 parts, mar- joram 1 part, lavender flowers 1 part ; rub together to a powder. Boeli's consists of 2 drs. valerian, 2 drs. of snuff, 3 drops of oil of lavender, 3 drops of oil of marjoram; mix. This is said to relieve the eyes as well as the head. Chambeelaine's Pills. Common milk of sulphur and vermilion. Dr. Paris's statement that they contain sul- phate of lime M'ould probably surprise the proprietor, if not aware that a great part of the commercial milk of sulphur contains half its weight of that substance. Chamomile Drops. Dr. Paris states that the nostrum sold under this name is merely spirit flavoured with essential oil of chamomile. A strong tincture of the flowers would probably be more efficacious. Chamomile Pills. We are ignorant of the composition of Norton's chamomile pills. The following is a good form : Watery extract of aloes 12 grs., extract of chamomile 36 grs., oil of chamomile 3 drops ; make 12 pills. Two every night, or twice a day. Chelsea Pensionee. Powdered rhubarb 2 drs., cream of tartar 1 oz., guaiacum 1 dr., sulphur 2 oz., 1 nutmeg grated fine, clarified honey 16 oz. ; mix : take 2 spoonfuls night and morning : for chronic rheumatism, &c. Cheltenham Salts (factitious). Sulphate of soda 16 oz., sulphate of magnesia 8 oz., muriate of soda (chloride of sodium) 1 oz., sulphate of iron 8 grs.; dissolve in 'the smallest quantity of hot water, strain, and evaporate to dryness by a gentle heat, or dry the salts separately, and mix. Chilblains, Popular Remedies for. 1. Soap liniment 1 oz., cajeput oil i oz., tincture of cantharides i oz. ; mix, 172 PATENT AND PBOPEIETAET MEDICINES 2. Sal ammoniac i oz., vinegar 5 oz., spirit of rosemary 1 oz. ; mix. 3. Oil of turpentine 1 oz., camphor i oz., Goulard's extract ^ oz. ; mix. 4. Dr. Graves's Preventive. Sulphate of copper 10 grs., water 1 oz. ; dissolve, brush over the parts with the lotion by means of a camel-hair pencil, and when dry apply a little simple ointment : repeat this for some even- ings in succession. 5. Lejeune's Baisam. See further on. 6. Sal enixum, alum, and sulphate of zinc, of each } oz., water a pint ; apply it frequently. 7. Muriiitic acid ^ oz., Fryar's balsam 3^ oz., mix. 8. Swediatje's Paste. Bitter almonds 8 oz., honey 6 oz., powdered camphor ^ oz., flour of mustai'd i oz., burnt alum z oz., olibanum \ oz., yolks of 3 eggs; beat together to form a paste ; rub a portion of it on the part affected, moistened with water, night and morning, then wash with warm water, and dry with a cloth. 9. Wahler's Ointment for Broken Chilblains. Black oxide of iron, bole, and oil of turpentine, of each 1 dr. ; rub together, and add the mixture to 1 oz. of melted resin cerate. 10. Another ointment for the same. Locatelli balsam 1 oz., citrine ointment 5 oz., balsam of Peru 20 drops; mix. 11. Russian remedy. Dry the peelings of cvicumbers, and when required for use soften the inner part with water, and apply it to the part affected. 12. Tincture of arnica, rose water, glycerine, of each 3 parts, spirit of camphor 1 part. 13. Dr. Dewar. Sulphurous acid, and glycerine, of each 1 part, distilled water 2 parts. Ching's Worm Lozenges. The yellow lozenges contain 1 gr. of calomel in each, with sugar, and sufficient muci- lage (coloured with saffron) to form a paste. The brown f contain | gr. of calomel %\ith 3^ grs. of resinous extract of jalap, according to Gray ; or with 1 gr. of resin of jalap, according to Dr. Paris and others. Chlorodtne. The preparation sold under this name con- tains chloroform, morphia, Indian hemp, and prussic acid. Many formulpe have been published, The following is an DRUGGISTS^ NOSTRUMS, ETC. 173 improvement by Mr. Gkoves, on the recipe of Dr. Ogdex. Take chloroform 4 drs., ether 1^ dr., oil of peppermint 8 drops, resin of Indian hemp 16 grs., capsicum 2 grs.; mace- rate for 2 or 3 days, and filter. Then dissolve hydrochlo- rate of morphia 16 grs. in 1 oz. of syrup, add perchloric acid and water J dr. each, assisting the solution by a water- bath ; then, when cold, add hydrocyanic acid (Scheele's) 96 drops. Mix the solutions. See Pocket Formulary. Cholera Medicines. The following are some of the more popular remedies that have been used during the visita- tions of this disease. 1. Liverpool Preventive Powders. Bicai-bonate of soda 1 scrapie, ginger 8 grs. ; to be taken in a glass of water after breakfast and supper. These powders are said to have been used with good effect among the workmen in the mining and manufacturing districts, during a former visitation of cholera. 2. Dr. Stevens' Saline Powders. Bicarbonate of soda i drachm, muriate of soda (chloride of sodium) a scruple, chlorate of potash 7 grs. ; mix, for 1 dose. 3. Mr. Hope's remedy. Nitrous acid (red) 2 drs., pep- permint-water or camphor mixture 1 oz., tincture of opium 40 minims : dose 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls in a cupful of gruel every 3 or 4 hom's. 4. Spirit of wine 1 oz., spirit of lavender \ oz., oil of origanum \ oz., compound tincture of benzoin ^ oz., spirit of camphor ^ oz. ; twenty drops on moist sugar. To be rubbed outwardly also. 5. American remedy. Equal parts of lard, maple- sugar, and charcoal, to be mixed, and the size of a nut swallowed. 6. Remedies recommended by the Board of Health, in premonitory diarrhoea : Chalk mixture 1 oz., aromatic confection 10 to 15 grs., tincture of opium 5 to 15 drops ; to be repeated every 3 or 4 hours, or oftener if the attack be severe, until the looseness is stopped. 7. Dr. Graves' Astringent Pills. Acetate of lead 20 grs., opium 1 gr. : in 12 pills. One every half hour till the watery discharges cease. 8. Mr. Bvxron's remedy. Twonty-fivc minims of diluted sulphuric acid iu au Ounce of water, 174 PATENT A^T> PEOPEIETAUT MEDICINES 9. Dr. Beavens Preventative and IRemedy. The Preventative. Sulphite of magnesia 2 drs. ; sulphu- rous acid 2 oz., water 2 oz. ; tincture of capsicum J oz. Mix and dissolve. A teaspoonful night and morning. The Remedy. Sulphite of magnesia 2 drs. ; sulphurous acid 2 oz. ; tincture capsicum \ oz., water 2 oz., sulphate of morphia 2 grs. ; mix and dissolve. A teaspoonful every half hour until relieved. We have inserted the above, not to encourage quackery in reference to this terrible disease, but because the druggist may be called upon to supply these remedies, and expected to know their composition. For Elixir Woroneje, see P. F. Chieatta Pills ai^d Mixtuee. Dr. Reece's Pills. Ex- tract of chirayta 2 drs., dried soda (carbonate ?) 20 grs., ginger 15 grs. ; mix, and di\'ide into 36 pills. Two, twice a day. Mixture : Infusion of chirayta 8 oz., subcarbonate of soda 1 dr. ; two tablespoonfuls 3 times a day. CiTEATE OF Magnesia. See Effervescing Citrate of Mag- nesia. Cltttton's Febeifitge Spirit and Tinctuee. Spirit: The origmal formula is — oil of sulphur by the bell, oil of vitriol and sea salt, of each 1 oz. ; rectified spirit 3 oz. ; mix, digest for a month ; and distU to dryness. Tincture : Febrifuge spirit 8 fluid ounces ; angelica root, serpentary, cardamom seed, of each 1^ dr.; digest, and strain. Water acidulated with these and sweetened to the taste, forms a cooling diuretic and diaphoretic julep. Though never admitted into the Pharmacopoeias, these preparations are favorites with a few practitioners. Cocheane's Cough Medicine. An acidulated syrup of poppies. Colliee's (Dr.) Wine of Quinine. Dlsulphate of quinine 18 grs., citric acid 15 grs., sound orange wine 1 bottle, or 24 fluid ounces. Colliee's (Dr.) Ceeam of Taeaxacum. See Cremor Ta- raxaci, P. F, CoLLiNs's Disinfecting Powder. See Disinfecting and Deodorizing Compounds among the Trade Chemicals. Collodion. See Ti-ade Chemicals. Collodion (Styptic), Dr. Richaedson. A saturated solu- tion of tannic acid and gim cotton in ether. DETJGQISTS' NOSTETJilS, ETC. 175 Dr. Patesi. Collodion 100 parts, carbolic acid 10 parts, tannic acid and benzoic acid, of each 5 parts. AppUca' tion to loounds. ;jONSr5iPTioy, Popular Remedies for. 1. Euui ^ pint, linseed oil, honey, garlic (beaten to a piilp), and loaf sugar, of each 4 oz., yolks of 5 eggs ; mix : a teaspoonful night and morning. 2. Breastplate. Dissolve 1 oz. of aloes in 12 oz. of a strong decoction of fresh rue ; fold a large piece of soft muslin m 8 folds, large enough to cover the chest and part of the stomach ; steep in the solution and dry it in the shade ; wear it on the chest constantly. Cough Linctcs. 1. Rose Linctiis. Confection of roses 3 oz., paregoric elixir 1^ oz., diluted sulphuric acid 1 dr. ; mix : a teaspoonful now and then when the cough is troublesome. 2. Dr. Latham's Cough Linctus. Doteb's Powder ^ dr., compovmd powder of tragacanth 2 drs., syrap of Tolu \ oz., confection of hips and simple oxymel, of each 1 oz.; a teaspoonful 3 or 4 times a day. For other formulae, see Linctus ; Linctus Papaveris ; Linctus Scillse, &c. ; P. F. Cough Lozenges. See Bath Lozenges, above; also Lo- zenges, below. CoEN Plasters. See Kennedy's Com Plaster, and Em- plastrum ^ruginis, Pocket Formulary. Most of the advertised corn plasters contain verdigris. A few addi- tional formula are subjoined. 1. Galbanum Plaster 1 oz., prepared verdigris 1 scruple; melt, and mix. 2. Galbanum 1 oz., black pitch \ oz., simple diachylon A oz., verdigris a scruple, sal ammoniac a scruple. Melt the first three together, and add the last two in fine powder. 3. Plaster of amnioniacum with quicksilver 1| oz., soap plaster ^ oz., opium in fine powder ^ dr. Mechanical Corn Piasters. Any suitable adhesive plaster is spread on soft thick leather (buckskin), which is after- wards cut to a suitable size, and a hole punched in the centre. They are sometimes spread on amadou, or on ■\-ulcanized India rubber. Corn Solvents. One of the preparations sold imder this name is probably a strong solution of carbonate of potash. 1?6 PATENT AND ITIOPEIETAEY MEDtCINES A powder sold for the same purpose consists of carbonate of potash coloured with ochre or bole. A pinch is placed on the corn, and confined by means of a piece of adhesive plaster or rag. Sir Humphrey Davy's name has been given to a remedy which consists of carbonate of potash and salt of sorrel, similarly applied. The following is one of the advertised Corn and Bunion remedies : — Carbonate of soda 1 oz., finely powdered and mixed with ^ oz. of lard. Applied on linen rag every night : the outer skin to be pared off every 2 or 3 days. It may be varied thus : — Dried soda (carbonate ?) 4 drs., powder blue (smalts) a scruple, lard 4 drs. ; mix. Caustic for Corns. 1. Tincture of iodine 4 drs., iodide of iron 12 grs., chloride of antimony 4 drs. ; mix, and apply with a camel-hair brush, after paring the corn. It is said to cure in 3 times. 2. Strong acetic acid in glass tubes is used for this pm'pose. Court Plaster. See Emplastrum IcthyocoUse, Pocket Formulary. Custard Powder. See Dietetic Articles. Daffx's Elixir. This is similar to the compound tincture of senna ; but different makers have their peculiar formulae. The following are some of them. Avoirdupois weight seems to be intended : 1. Senna leaves 3f lbs., jalap, aniseed, caraway seed, of each 20 oz., rectified spirit 18 pints, sugar 5 lbs. Infuse the senna 2 or 3 times in suflicient boiling water to yield, when strained with pressure, 4 gallons of the whole. Add to this the tincture made with jalap and seeds, digested Avith the spirit for a week. Poiu* off the clear liquor and add the sugar, and brandy colouring if required. 2. Dicey's, according to Grat. Senna 5 oz., guaiacum shavings (some recipes add red sanders), dried elecamjjane root, seed of anise, coriander, and caraway, and root of liquorice, of each 2i oz., stoned raishis 8 oz., proof sj^irit 6 lbs. 3. Swinton's. Jalap 3 lbs., senna 2 oz., coriander seed, aniseed, liquorice root, and elecampane, of each 4 oz. ; spirit of wine and water, of each a gallon. 4. Small senna 10 oz., bruised jalap, coriamler seed, and DEUGGISTS' NOSTRUMS, ETC. 177 aniseed, of each 2^ oz., proof spirit a gallon. Digest 8 days, frequently shaking, and strain. Pour on the re- maining ingredients 6 oz. of boiling water in which 2 drs. of salt of tartar have been dissolved ; press strongly, and add the liquid to the tincture, with 3 oz. of treacle. Some recipes add rhubarb, in the proportion of about 4 oz. to the gallon. Daley's Caeminative. 1. Carbonate of magnesia 1 oz., syrup of poppies 5 drs., tincture of wood-soot 1 oz., oil of caraway 25 drops, oil of peppermint 16 drops, water and spirit of wine, each J oz. Mix. 2. Carbonate of magnesia 2 scruples, oil of peppermint 1 drop, oil of nutmeg 2 drops, oil of aniseed 3 drops, tinc- ture of castor 30 drops, tincture of assafcetida 15 drops, tincture of opium 5 drops, spirit of pennyroyal 15 drops, compound tincture of cardamom 30 drops, peppermint water 2 oz. Mix. — Dr. Paris. Dandelion Coffee. The roots, collected at the end of tlie year, are dried at a gentle heat and reduced to powder. Some mix coffee with it. Otliers roast the root in the manner of coffee, but probably at the expense of its medical virtues. The better way is to dry and powder it, and direct it to be mixed with coffee when used. If consi- dered necessary to give it more colour and flavour, it may be previously mixed with a sufficient quantity of roasted chicory, which should not exceed one eighth of the whole. Darcet's Alkaline Lozenges, or Vichy Lozenges. Bi- carbonate of soda 2 drs., refined sugar 1-i oz., oil of pep- permint 4 drops, mucilage of tragacanth q. s. Mix, and divide into 60 lozenges. Dawson's Lozenges. See Bath Lozenges, above. Delamott's Golden Drops. Muriate of iron 1 oz., spirit of sulphuric ether 7 oz. ; dissolve and expose to sunshine in a closely stopped bottle till it becomes divested of colour. See Bestuchepf's Nervous Tincture. Derbyshire's Patent Embrocation for Preventing Sea- Sickness. Boil 2 oz. of opium, 2 drs. of extract of hen- bane, 10 grs. of mace, and 2 oz. of mottled soap, in 3 pints of water for \ hour. Wlien cold, add 1 quart of rectified spirit, and 3 drs. of spirit of ammonia. 12 178 PATENT AIS-D PEOPEIETAET MEDICINES Deshlee's Salve. This is merely resin cerate. Digestive Pills. See Bath Digestive Pills, DiyyES Pills, Baillie's Pills, Webster's, Lady, Pills, Dr. Reece's Chieatta Pills. DixNEE Pills. See Bath Digestive Pills, Webstee's, Lady, Pills, &c. The following are a few additional fonnulse : — 1. Rhubarb 30 grs., aloes 60 grs., i]3ecacuanha 12 grs., tincture of ginger q. s. to form a mass ; to be divided into 24 pills. 2. Sir ChXbles Bell's. Rhubarb 50 grs., mastic 6 grs., sulphate of quinuie 4 grs. ; in 12 pills. Dixox's Antibilious Pills. Equal parts of aloes, scam- mouy, and rhubarb, with the addition of a small quantity of tartar emetic, and made up with Castile soap. Dovee's Powdees. The Pulvis Ipecacuanha} Compositus of the Pharmacopoeia. But the original powder consisted of nitre and sulphate of potash, each 4 oz., fused in a red- hot mortar, and afterwards reduced to powder, and mixed with 1 oz. each of ipecacuanha, opium, and liquorice. Dupuyteen's Pommade. See Haie Cosmetics. Duputteen's Eye Salve. Nitric oxide of mercury 10 grs., sulphate of zinc 20 grs., lard 2 oz. ; rub perfectly smooth. Duncan's Fluid Exteact of Senna. Senna 15 lbs. avoir- dupois, boiling water 4 times its weight or q. s. Exhaust the senna by displacement, concentrate the liquor to 10 lbs. avoir. ; dissolve in it 6 lbs. avoir, of treacle, previously concentrated over a water-bath, till it becomes nearly dry, on cooling : add 24 fluid oz. of rectified spirit, and water q. s. to make up 15 pints o. m. Dose, 2 drs. Each oz. corresponds with 1 oz. avoir, of senna. Dr. Duncan's Lactucaeium Lozenges. As the Troclusci Opii (Pocket Formulary), substituting lactucarium for opium. Duncan's Gout Remedy. A preparation of colchicum with opium, &c. Dutch (or Haeelem) Drops. The basis of this popular remedy is said to be the residue which is left in redistilling oil of turpentine. Tlie following is one of the imitations of it made in this country : Linseed oil 1 quart, resin 2 lbs., sulphur 1 lb. ; boil together over a slow fire ; when com- DEITGGHSTS' NOSTEUMS, ETC. 179 billed, remove from the fire, and add 1 pint of oil of tur- pentine and 50 drops of liquor of ammonia ; stir well together and bottle. Easton's Tonic Steup. See Pocket Formulary, Syr. Ferri Phosph. cum Quin. et Strychn. Eaton's Styptic. It is similar to that of Heltetxtis, which see below. Eau de Magnanimite. a tmcture of ants, with aromatics. Eaf Medicinaxe D'HrssoN. It is prepared, according to Dr. Williams, from the juice of colchicum flower with half the quantity of brandy ; mix, and after standing a few days, decant into small bottles. But it was more pro- bably made from the root, as prescribed in the following formulfe. — (In one of the French codices.) Ilaii Colchique d'Hiisson. Dry colchicum 60 parts in sherry 125 parts. 20 drops for a dose. (According to Mr. Want.) — 4 ounces of the fresh root sliced, macerated in ^ pint of proof spirit. Eau de Cologne (Eau de Melisse), &c. See Peefumert. Eau de Javelle. Dry chloride of lime 2 oz., carbonate of potash 4 oz., water 2 pints : mix the chloride with 1^ pint of water, dissolve the potash in the remainder ; mix the solution and filter. Eau de Luce. See Peefumeet. Eau de Babel. See Acidum Sulphurieum Alcoholisatum, Pocket Formulary. Eau Sedative. Easpail. It may be imitated as follows : Spirit of camphor 1 part, sti-ong solution of ammonia 7 piirts, distilled water to 100 parts. See Pock. Form. Edinbuegh Ointment. WTiite hellebore powder, sal am- moniac, and lard. Effeevescing Citeate of Magnesia. A granulated jn-e- paration, containing carbonate of magnesia and citric acid in equivalent proportions, and 15 per cent, of sugar. Mr. Dymond. Thrown into water, it effervesces, and citrate of magnesia is formed, analogous to Moxon's Magnesian Aperient. See below. The preparation commonly sold as citrate of magnesia contains no magnesia at all. It is made with bicarbonate of soda and tartaric acid. See Sodce Citro-tartras effervescens, B. P., and Magncsiaj Citras, Pocket Formulary. Elleeman's Deodoeizing Fluid. It consists chiefly of 180 PATENT A>'D PEOPEIETAET MEDICINES persalts of iron. See Disinfecti>-g a>'D Deodoeizino Compounds. Elixib de Gaeus. See Pocket Formulary. Elixie Longje Vit^. Similar to Baume de Vie, above. Elixie of Hallee. See Elixir Acidum Halleri, Pocket Formulary. Elixie Paregoeic. See Tinctura Campliorse Composita, Pocket Formulary. Elixie of Viteiol. (Mynsiclit's Elixir.) See Acidum Sulphuricum Aromaticum, Pocket Formulary. For com- juon sale, druggists frequently keep a more ready and economical preparation, of which the followmg is one form : Compound tincture of cardamoms 1 lb., tincture of cinnamon 3 lbs., cinnamon water 2 lbs. ; mix, and add gradually 1^ lb. of pure sulphuric acid. Eevalexta and Revalexta. See Dietetic CoiiPorNDS. Essences. Essences of flowers will be found under Peefxi- MEET. Essence of Celery, and other cuUnari/ essences, will be found, with allied compounds, in another place. A few concentrated infusions, and other strong prepara- tions of drugs, not sanctioned by the Colleges, but very generally used, may be noticed here. Essence of Yellow Baek. Resinous extract of bark ^ oz., sulphate of quinine 60 grs., rectified spirit 6 oz., tincture of orange peel 2 oz. See Ext. Cinchon. flav. Liq., B.P. Essences of Calumba, Rhubaeb, Senna. See Liquor Calumba?, Rhei, Sennae — Pocket Formulary. Essence of Camphoe. See Liquor Camphora?, Pocket Formulary. Essence of Chaiiomile. As a substitute for the infusion it may be made as LiQroE Calcmb^, P. F. See Cha- momile Deops for another preparation of this drug. Essence of Eegot. See Essentia Secalis Cornuti, Pocket Formulary. Essence of Gingee. Unbleached Jamaica ginger in coarse powder 5 oz., rectified spirit a ])int ; digest for 8 days and strain with pressure ; or it may l>e made by percolation. As there is no established form, it varies in strength as pre- pared by different makers, and often contains Cayenne pepper. ssence of CfBEBS. Mix powdered cubebs with ether, in druggists' nostrums, etc. 181 a Wfll-stopped bottle ; in twelve hours put the paste into a percolator, ami add ether till the cubebs are nearly ex- hausted ; distil off the ether in a water-bath, and preserve it for the same purpose. Dissolve the extract which re- mains in three times as much brandy. One ch-achm is equal to 2 drachms of the powder. A* fluid extract is also made by concentrating the tincture. Essences of Mint, Peppermint, and Pennyboyal. The strength of these varies as prepared by different makers ; some use 1 part of the essential oil to 3 of rectified spirit, but more usually, we believe, 1 part to 7. They are sometimes coloured with the leaves of the plant, or of spinach. Essence of Mustaed. Rectified spirit of turpentine 16 fluid oz., bruised black mustard seed 2 oz., camphor 4 oz., oil of rosemary i oz., annatto to colour. Or, essential oil of mustard 1 part, rectified s\nr{t 60 parts ; to be sparingly sprinkled on piline, and applied as a mustard poultice. Essence of Saesapaeilla. [See also Extractum Sarza? Liquidum, Liquor Sarza;, and Essentia Sarsaparilla?, in Pocket Formulary. The latter is an elegant and efiicacious preparation.] Jamaica sarsaparilla 16 oz., lukewarm dis- tilled water (100'^ to 112^ F.) sufficient to cover it. Mace- rate for 6 hours, and strain. Bi-uise the root, macerate it again in sufficient warm water, and repeat the maceration with fresh water until it ceases to be much coloured. After straining, let the mixed liquids be imn^ediately heated to 180° F., allowed to cool, and filtered. Evaporate the whole of the filtrate by a water or steam-bath, at a heat not above 160°, until reduced to 14 or 15 fluid oimces ; add 2 ounces of rectified spirit, and keep it in a close bottle in a cool place for a few days. Then carefully pour off the clear liquid from any sediment into a clean dry bottle. 1 fluid ounce represents 1 oz. of the root, or 8 ounces of the decoction. Compound Essence of Saesapaeilla. Jamaica sarsapa- rilla 16 oz. ; proceed as above, but reserve the liquor of the last maceration for boiling the other ingredients; namely, guaiacum raspings, bruised liquorice root, sassa- fras, each 2 oz., mezereon f oz. Boil them in 4 or more pints of the weak infusion for ^ an hour, and strain; evaporate to 4 fluid ounces ; let it cool, stirring it occa- 182 PATENT AND PROPEIETAET MEDICINES sionally, and add 2 oz. of rectified spirit in whicli a few drops of oil of sassafras have been dissolved. Evajiorate the sarsaparilla liquid to 11 ounces, and when cool add the other liquid. Proceed as for the former. One measure with 7 of water forms a near approximation to the Phar- macopoeia Decoction. Essences (concentrated infusions) of quassia, cascarilla, chiretta, gentian, &c., may be made as directed for Liquor Calumbse, P. P. Take 8 times the quantity of ingredients directed in the Pharmacopoeia for one pint of infusion, and infuse them in one pint of boiling water for the time pre- scribed ; strain with strong pressure, and again infuse the ingredients in nearly as much water as the liquor obtained is short of a pint. Strain again with pressure ; mix the products, which will measure 18 or 19 oz. ; add 2 oz. of rectified spirit, set aside for a few days in a well- closed bottle, and filter. Some substances, as chiretta, senna,- calumba, &c., yield their active principles to cold water, which some prefer in these cases ; but it is then necessary, before adding the spirit, to place the liquor (in a bottle) in a water-bath, and heat it to 180'^ F., in order to precipitate any albumen it may contain. "Wlien cold, filter and add the spirit. They may also be made by percolation. Vinous Essences (by fermentation). Dr. B. Lane. See Liquores Vinosi, Pocket Pormidary. Extracts, Medicinal. See Pocket Formulary. ExTEACTS OF Flowers. See Peefumert, in this volume. Extract of Malt. Evaporate sweet wort to the consis- tence of treacle. See Pocket Formulary. It is sold as a cough medicine. Faiethorn's (Dr.) Mild Provisional Pills. Sulphate of potash 1 scruple, extract of aloes 2 scruples, extract of senna 1 scruple, compovmd gamboge pill 50 grs., tartarized antimony 2 grs., compound powder of scammony 12 grs., Peruvian balsam 6 grs. ; in 30 jjills ; one, two, or more occasionally, M'hen required. Ford's Balsam of Horehotjnd. It contains the ingre- dients of paregoric elixir with sq\iills, honey, and a strong infusion of horehound and liquorice. Ford's Laudanum. A tincture of opium containing cin- uaniou and cloves. DRtJGGiSTs' NOSTEtJMS, ETC. 183 Fothergill's (Dr.) Pills. Diaphoretic antimony, aloes, scammony, and extract of colocynth. Franks' Solution. See Solution of Copaiva. Freeman's Bathing Spirits. Mix water and rectified spirit, of each 3 gallons ; dissolve in them soft soap 6 lbs., and camphor 8 oz. ; add Daffy's elixir, 8 oz. Fryar's Balsam. Compound tincture of Benzoin, L. P. Gazogene Powders. See Pulveres Effervescentes, P. F. Gelee pour le GoiTRE. See Liniment. loduretum Gela- tinosum, Pocket Formulary. Gingerbread, Purgative. Flour 14 oz., butter 4 oz., treacle 8 oz., p. ginger 1^ oz., jalap 2 oz., caraway i oz. Mix the powders, then add the butter, and lastly the treacle, previously warmed. Roll out, and divide into cakes of 5 oz. each, containing each 6 or 7 grains of jalap. Glycerine Jelly. Used as an application to chaps and roughened parts of the skin. It may be made of pure glycerine thickened with tragacanth powder, and scented with otto of roses. An imitation may be prepared in the following manner (Pharm. Journal) : Mix good soft soap ^ dr. intimately ■^^^th purified honey 2 drs., gradually add pale olive oil 5 oz., stirring without intermission iintil all is taken up. Care must be taken not to mix in the oil too fast. Finally, perfume as desired. Glycerine Paste. A stiff glutinous compound, recom- mended by Dr. Tilt as a basis of plaster. It is made by boiling 100 or 150 grains of common starch in 1 oz. of glycerine. See Plasma, and Glycerinum Amyli, B. P. Godbold's Vegetable Balsam. An acidulated syrup, or oxymel, of various herbs. The following is an imitation : Dissolve by heat 1 lb. of lump sugar in white wine vinegar 1 quart, in which 3 oz. of garlic have been steeped for 3 days ; add tincture of Tolu 2 drs. Godfrey's Cordial. The active ingredient is opium, and there is a great diversity in the strength of the compound as pre- pared by different makers. Many accidents have arisen from its too general use as a stupef active for infants, but we believe its sale is now much less encouraged by druggists than for- merly. The following are some of the more usual formulae. 1. Heat together 7 lbs. (avoird.) of treacle, and 8 lbs, of 181 PATENT ASB PROPRIETAET MEDICINES water till united ; when nearly cold add the following : rectified spirit 6 fluid ounces, oil of sassafras 40 minims, oil of aniseed 10 drops, laudanum 4 oz. Mix and make up the weight if necessary to 15 lbs. It contains ratlicr more than 9 minims (equal, according to some authorities, to 16 or 18 drops) of laudanum in each fluid ounce. 2. Treacle 3^ lbs., water 6 lbs., spirit of wine 8 fluid ounces, laudanum 4 fluid ounces, oils of aniseed, sassafras, and caraway, of each ^ dr. Mix. Contains 12 or 14 minims of laudanum in an ounce. 3. Sliced sassafras 2 oz., opium cut small 1 oz., bruised aniseed 8 oz., boiling water a gallon. Infuse, strain, and make the infusion into a syrup with 14 lbs. of treacle. If the whole of the active principles of the opium are ex- tracted, this is much stronger than the preceding. 4. Blake a syrup with 3 lbs. (avoird.) each of treacle and coarse sugar, and water sufl3cient to make up a gallon. Dissolve 24 drops of oil of sassafras, and 16 of oil of ani- seed, in 3 fluid ounces of spirit of wine ; add 10 fluid drachms of tincture of opium, and mix the whole with 8 pints, o. m., of the .syrup. This is weaker than either of tlie preceding, containing only 5 minims of laudanum in a fluid ounce, or 1 drop in a drachm. 5. The Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, to prevent the mischief arising from the varying strength of this compound, directs it to be prepared as follows : Dissolve 2i oz. of carbonate of potash in 26 pints of water, add 16 pints of treacle; heat together over a gentle fire till they simmer, remove the scum, and, when sufloiciently cool, add •J oz. of oil of sassafras dissolved in 2 pints of rectified spirit, and 24 fluid ounces of tincture of opium, previously mixed. The old wine measure is here intended. It con- tains about 16 minims of laudanum, or rather more than 1 grain of opium in each fluid ounce. 6. Sassafras 9 oz., seeds of coriander, caraway, and anise, of each 1 oz. ; infuse in 6 pints of water, simmer the mix- ture till reduced to 4 pints ; then add 6 lbs. of treacle, boil the whole for a few minutes, and when cold, add 3 fluid ounces of tincture of opium. Nearly the strength of No. 1. — Dr. Paeis. [Tliese forms are inserted rather with a view to show i)RtrGGtSTS' i^'OSTEUMS, ETC. 185 the dangerous nature of this compound than to encourage its use. No terms are sufficiently strong to express tlie culpal)ility of those who would place in the hands of ignorant persons, for administration to infants and chil- dren, compounds containing opium.] Godfrey's Smellixg Salts. Sesquicarbonate of ammonia resublimed with pearlash, and a little spirit. — Dr. Paris. Golden Spirit of Scurvy Grass. It is said to be coloured with gamboge. Golden Ointment. Singleton's ointment, q. v. The oint- ment of nitric o.xide of mercury is also called, golden ointment. Goulard's Extract of Lead. Liquor plumbi subacetatis, P. B. Gout Paper. See Charta Antirheumatica, P. P. Granville's (Dr.) Counter-irritant Lotions. See Lini- ment. Ammonise Compositum, Pocket Formulary. Graves' (Ur.) Gout Preventive. Orange peel 2 oz., rhubarb 1 oz., hiera picra 2 oz., brandy a quart. Digest for a week. Gregory's Powder. Calcined magnesia 2i oz., powdered Turkey rhubarb 1 oz., powdered ginger ^ oz. Mix. The above is Dr. Gregory's formula. Some recipes add pow- dered chamomile. Rhubarb 1 oz., ginger \ oz., p. cha- momile I oz., magnesia 2 oz. Mix. Some druggists pre- pare it with the heavy carbonates of magnesia, instead of the calcined. See Pulvis Rhei Compositus, B. P. Greenough's Tincture. See Tooth Cosmetics. Griffin's Tincture, for coughs. Oil of caraway and anise, each 2 drs., saffron \ oz., benzoic acid | oz., ojuum 5 drs., camphor i oz., spirit 6 oz., honey 6 oz. WHien mixed and dissolved, colour with burnt sugar. Griffith's Mixture. This is Mistnra Ferri Composita of the Brit. Pharmacopoeia. Grinrod's (Dr.) Remedy for Spasms. Sulphuric ether, aromatic spirit of annuonia, of each | oz. ; acetate of mor- phia i gr., camphor mixture 2 oz. Mix. A teaspoonful in a little water when required. GuESTONiAN Embrocation. Oil of turpentine 1^ oz., olive oil 1^ oz., dilute sulphuric acid 3 fluid drachms.— Dr. Paris. 186 PATENT AND PROPRIETARY MEDICINES Guthrie's Black Ointment. 10 grains of nitrate of silver, with 1 di'. of spermaceti ointment, and 10 drops of a solu- tion of acetiite of lead. Guthrie's Eye Ointment. A weaker preparation of the same kind ; used in ophthalmia, but caiises great pain. See Ung. Hyd. Nit., Pocket Formulary. Halford's (Sir H.) Gout Pills. Acetic extract of colchi- cum 2\ grs., Dover's powder 1^ gr., compound extract of colocynth 1^ gr., in each pill. One for a dose. HAERoaATE Salts (Dr. Duffin's). Sulphate of magnesia 2 drs., bitartrate of potash 10 grs., sal polychrest (potassse suli^has cum sulphure. Ph. Ed.) \ dr. ; in a pint of warm water. For another formula see Mineral Waters (fac- titious) and salts for producing them, below. Helvetius' Styptic. Melt together equal parts of alum and dragon's blood ; when cold, powder the compound. Henry's Magnesia. A solution of Epsom salts is precipi- tated by one of carbonate of potash in the cold ; the pre- cipitate is M'ell washed, rose water being used for the last washing ; it is then made up while drying into large or small cubes. See Magnes. Carbonas levis, B. P. Hill's Balsam of Honey. Balsam of Tolu 2 oz., styrax 2 drs., opium \ dr., honey 8 oz., spirit of wine 32 fluid ounces. Hoffman's Pills contain corrosive sublimate, about ^th of a grain in each. See Pocket Formulary. Houlton's Laudanum. Opium 2\ oz., distilled vinegar 32 fluid oz. ; macerate 6 days with a gentle heat, and filter. Evaporate to an extract. Dissolve this in 5 fluid oz. of rectified spirit, and 35 fluid ounces of distilled water. Hooper's Female Pills. These, according to Dr. Paris, consist of RUFUs' Pill, sulphate of iron, canella, and a portion of ivory-black. Mr. Gray gives two formula? : 1. Sulijhate of iron 8 oz., water 8 oz. ; dissolve and add Barbadoes aloes 40 oz., canella 6 oz., myrrh 2 oz., opo- ponax -2' oz. Makes a mass. 2. Sulphate of iron 2 oz., powder of aloes with canella 16 oz., mucilage of tragacanth and tincture of aloes q. s. to form a mass. Divide 60 grains into 18 pills. Ac- cording to a recent analysis, the iron is in a peroxidized state ; probably the sulphate is partially calcined. DEUGGISTS' NOSTRUMS, ETC. 187 The Philadelphia College of Pharmacy gives the follow- lug formula : 3. Barbadoes aloes 8 oz., dried sulphate of iron 2 oz. and li dr., extract of black hellebore 2 oz., myrrh and soap each 2 oz., canella 1 oz., ginger 1 oz., water q. s. to form a mass. Divide into pills of 2^ grs. each. Hooping Cough; popular remedies for. 1. Cochineal and salt of tartar mixture. This appears to have been first introduced by Dr. Lobb, in 1765, and is still a favourite domestic remedy. Salt of wormwood (subcarbonate (car- bonate) of potash) 20 grs., powdered cochineal 10 grs., hot water i of a pint ; triturate together, strain and sweeten with white sugar (or sugar candy). Dose, a teaspoouful to a tablespoonful, according to the age. 2. Fumigating poivders. Styrax calamita and gum benzoin, of each a scruple, placed on hot cinders or a heated shovel, in the patient's room, every day. Husham's Tincture of Baek. The Compound Tinctiire of Bark of the London Pharmacopceia is precisely that of HuxHAM, except that he used brandy instead of iiroof spirit. Issue Peas. Those in general use are unripe oranges (orange berries) turned in a lathe. The unturned berries are also used. Peas are also turned from orris root. Niemann give the following composition for issue peas : — Yellow wax IJ. oz., powdered turmeric 1 oz., powdered orris i oz., Venice turpentine q. s. Tliese are more stimulating, and are used to increase the discharge. Tlie following, ac- cording to Dr. Gray, will open an issue itself : yellow wax 6 oz., verdigis 2 oz., white hellebore 2 oz., oantharides 1 oz., orris 1| oz., Venice turpentine q. s. James's Powder. It is not kno-mi in what respect the mode of preparing this powder differs from the Pharma- copceia process for antimonial powder. Dr. James's specification is vague and impracticable. James's Analeptic Pills. Equal parts of James's powder, RuFUs' pill, and gum guaiacum, made into pills with tincture of castor. Dr. Paris has ammoniacum in the place of guaiacum. Another formula is : compound iiowder of aloes, aloes and myrrh pill, and James's powder, in 188 PATENT AND PEOPEIETAET MEDICINES equal quantities, formed into pills with tincture of castor and sjrup. Jaeave, Spanish. See Ceri\'isia Sarzaj, Pocket Formulary. Jesuits' Drops. Walker's. Balsam of capivi 6 oz., gum guaiacum 1 oz., Cliio turpentine 5 oz., subcarbonate of potash i oz., cochineal 1 dr., rectified sjnrit 1 quart. See also Elixir Antiveuereum, Pocket Formulary. Kennedy's Corn Plaster. Yellow wax 1 lb., A%iice turpentine 2 oz., verdigris 1 oz., melted together, and spread on leather. Ketsek's Pills. Acetate of mercury, manna, gum arable, of each 1 scruple, rose water q. s. to form a mass, for 80 pills. King's Coedial. Dissolve in ^ pint of proof spirit 1| dr. each of the oils of caraway and cinuamon ; extract the stones from 3 lbs. of black cherries, and mash the fruit in a pan ; grate one nutmeg ; take 2 quarts of Madeira wine, 2 quarts of brandy, and 1 gallon of syrup ; mix all toge- ther, and colour with red sanders wood. Kirkland's Neutral Ointment and Cerate. See Ung- ueutum Plumbi Compo.situm and Ceratvim Neutrale, P. F. Kitchinee's (Dr.) Peristaltic Persuaders. Turkey rhubarb in powder 2 drs., oil of caraway 10 drops, simple syrup 1 dr. by weight ; mix, and divide into 40 pills. Dose, 2, 3, or more. " From 2 to 4 will generally produce one additional motion within 12 hours. The best time to take them is early in the morning." Lamplough's Pyretic Saline. Mr. Bannistee, of the Somerset House Laboratory, analysed a sample of the preparation knowni under this name, and foinid it to contain 45*7 per cent, of tartaric acid, 52'4 per cent, of bicarbonate of soda, and 1"9 per cent, of chlorate of potash. Lartigue's Gout Pills. Compound extract of colocynth 20grs., extract of colchicum 60grs., extract of opium 1 gr.j mix, and divide into 18 pills. Dose, one or more, accord- ing to their purgative effect. Ledoyen's Disinfecting Fluid. It consists of about 20 oz. of nitrate of lead in a gallon of water. Its specitic gravity should be 1'40. Leech-bites, Astringent por. Dissolve 1 part of crystal- lized perchloride of iron in 6 parts of collodion very gra- DEUGGISTS' NOSTRUMS, ETC. 189 dually. A drop or two of the product forms an admirable ha'mostatic. [French Journal.] Dry maticho leaves, rubbed to powder between the fingers, will be found an excellent styptic for this purpose. Lee's Wyndham's Pills. Gamboge 3 oz., aloes 2 oz., Castile soap 1 oz., nitre i oz., extract of cow-parsnip 1 oz. In pills of 5 grs. each. [Amer. Journ. of Pharmacy.] Lee's Antibilious Pills. Aloes 12 oz., scammony 6 oz., gamboge 4 oz., jalap 3 oz., calomel 5 oz., soap 1 oz., syrup of buckthorn 1 oz., mucilage 7 oz. ; mix, and divide into 5-grain pills. Leroy's Puegatite. 12 3 Scammony 12 drs. 16 drs. 24 drs. Vegetable tiirbith... 6 drs. 8 drs. 12 drs. Jalap 6 oz. 8 oz. 12 oz. Brandy 10 pints imperial. Digest for 12 hours, strain, and add the following syrup : Senna 6 oz. 8 oz. 12 oz. Water 24 oz. 32 oz. 48 oz. Infuse, strain with pressure, and add — Brown sugar 32 oz. 36 oz. 48 oz. Make a syrup. No. 4 is stronger than the above. Lejeuxe's Balsam foe Chilblains. Camphor 1 dr., tinc- ture of benzoin 5 drs. ; dissolve, and add iodide of potassium 5 drs., extract of lead 10 grs., spirit of wine reduced to proof with rose water 2^ oz. ; dissolve 10 drs. of white soap in 2^ oz. of the same diluted spirit by a gentle beat, mix the solutions whilst still warm, and add any perfume. Let it cool in wide-mouthed bottles, and cork. Liebeet's Cosmetic. For chapped nipples. Dissolve 10 grains of nitrate of lead in 1 oz. of water. A pair of fine lead shields accompany the lotion, to be worn after apply- ing it. The nipples must be carefully washed before the child is put to the breast. Ligxum's Anti-scoebutic Drops. These contain bichloride of mercury, and should not, therefore, be used without great caution. LiQUETiE Doeee. Peruvian bark, bitter orange peel, and cinnamon, of each 4 drs., saffron 2 drs., brandy 4 quarts, Malaga wine 2 quarts ; digest for 4 days, strain, and add 190 PATETTT AND PEOPEIETART MEDICINES 2^ lbs. of sugar. [^Liqueurs wliicli are not medicated, but are merely alcoholic drams, do not come within the plan of this work.] Liquid Blister. Powdered cautharides 5 oz., and sul- phuric ether 15 ounces. — Toynbee. Liston's Isinglass Plaster. Soak 1 oz. of isinglass in 2 oz. of water, and dissolve it in 2 oz. of rectified spirit and li oz. of water, by the heat of a water-bath. Brush it over the surface of oiled silk, properly stretched. An improved kind is made by brushing one side of the peri- toneal membrane of the cfEcum of the ox (prepared in the same manner as gold-beater's skin) with the same solution, and the other side with drying oil. Locatelli's Balsam. Melt together 4 oz. of yellow wax, 1 lb. of common oil, and 1 lb. of Venice tm-pentine, placing with them 4 oz. of alltanet root wrapped in a linen bag. Locock's Wafers. These owe most of their activity to Morphia. They should, therefore, be used with caution. Long's (St. John) Liniment. See Linimentum Terebin- thino3 Aceticum, Pocket Formulary. Lozenges. See Ching's Lozenges, Dawson's, Daecet's. The medicated Lozenges which are sanctioned by dif- ferent Phamacopceias, and employed in practice, will be found under Trochisci and Pasta, in the Pocket Formulary. A few other formulae are here added : Absorbent Lozenges. Precipitated chalk 3 oz., hea^^ carbo- nate of magnesia, 2 oz., nutmeg in fine powder 1 dr., sugar 12 oz., powdered gum 1 oz., water q. s. to form a stiff paste, which divide by a punch into lozenges of the usual size, and dry them gradually in a warm room. Aperient Lozenges. Calomel 60 grs., pure scammony 80 grs., jalap 40 grs. (or jalapine 4 grs.), ginger 8 grs., cin- namon 4 grs., mucilage of tragacanth q. s. to form a stifE paste ; mix the other powders accurately together, then with the sugar, lastly add the mucilage, beat the whole into a uniform mass, and divide it into _ 40 equal lozenges. Each contains 1^ gr. calomel, 2 of scammony, and 1 of jalap. BlacJc Currant Paste. Soften 12 lbs. of picked black ciu'- rants by heating them in a water-l^ath in a covered druggists' TfOSTETTMS, ETC. 191 earthen vessel, pulp through a hair sieve, and e^'aporate to a paste, incorporating with it 1 lb. powdered sugar ; roll it out into a sheet of proper thickness. Mr. Baetlett gives the following formula : 3 lbs. of powdered sugar, 3 lbs. of extract of black currants (the inspissated juice), 1 oz. of tartaric acid, 6 oz. of powdered gum ; mixed, rolled out, and cut, when dry, with a large pair of scissors into square pieces. Black Currant and Ipecacuanha Lozenges. Black cun'ant paste (as above) 8 oz., ipecacuanha 30 grs., tragacanth 90 grs. ; in 240 lozenges. Cough Lozenges {with Lactucarium). Powdered lactucarium 2 drs., extract of liquorice root 12 drs., ipecacuanha 30 grs., powdered squill 15 grs., refined sugar 6 oz., mucilage of tragacanth q. s., mix, and divide into 240 equal lozenges. Each contains ^ gr. lactucarium, ^ gr. of ipeca- cuanha, -Jg- gr. of squill. For other Cough Lozenges, see Trochisci Anticatar- rhales, Glycyrrhizse et Opii, Lactucse, Morphise et Ipecac, Opii, Papaveris, Scillaj, Tolutani, &c.. Pocket Formulary. Digestive or Live-long Candy. 1. Powdered rhubarb, 60 grs., heavy magnesia 1 oz., bicarbonate of soda 1 dr. finely- powdered ginger 20 grs., cinnamon powder 15 grs., pow- dered white sugar 2 oz., mucilage of tragacanth q. s. ; beat together, and divide into parallelograms of 20 grs. each. 2. Caraioay Candy. Rhubarb 60 grs., powdered cara- ways 60 grs., oil of caraway 10 drops, ginger and cinna- mon, each 15 grs. magnesia 6 drs., carbonate of soda 1 dr., sugar 2 oz., mucilage q. s. — as the last. Edinburgh Lozenges. Extract of poppies 2 oz., powdered sugar 8 oz., powdered tragacanth 4 oz., water q. s. Fruit Lozenges. Black currant paste 8 oz., red currant paste (or the juice evaporated to a paste) 4 oz., syrup of raspberries 4 oz., soften by a gentle heat, and beat in a warm mortar with 2 lbs. of powdered sugar, and a drachm of powdered citric acid, and, if required, a little mucilage of gmn tragacanth."^ Marshmallow Lozenges. Marshmallow root powdered 2 oz., sugar 14 oz., mixed with some mucilage of tragacanth, and orange-flower water. Peppermint Lozenges. Rub together white sugar 6 oz., oil 192 PATENT AND PEOPEIETAET MUDICINES of peppermint 36 drops, and the whites of two eggs. Make into lozenges. See Pocket Formulary. Ltnch's Embhocation. Olive oil coloured with alkanet, perfumed, and rendered stimulating by essential oils. Madden's Essence. A strongly acidulated infusion of roses. Mahomed's Electtjaet. Grocer's currants 1 oz., powdered senna i oz., powdered ginger 30 grs., oil of croton 1 drop, syrup of roses sufficient to make an electuary; two tea- spoonsful every morning. — Bateman. Maht's Plaster (American). Boil 12 oz. of white lead, 32 fluid oiuiccs of olive oil, and a little water, stirring constantly until incorporated. Add yellow wax 4 oz., lead plaster 18 oz., and when these are melted stir in 9 oz. of powdered orris. Maredant's Norton's Drops. Corrosive sublimate, gen- tian, ginger, and cochineal. Marshall's Cerate. Palm oil 5 oz., calomel 1 oz., acetate of lead 5 oz., ointment of nitrate of mercury 2 oz. ; mix. — Dr. Paris. Marshall's Eye-drops. These are said to consist of 2 grs. of nitrate of silver in 1 oz. of decoction of snails. Marsden's Antiscorbutic Drops, Morton's, Perry's, Lig- num's, and other antiscorbutic drops, contain corrosive sublimate. — Dr. Paris. Magnesia Fluid. A solution of cai-bonate of magnesia in water by means of carbonic acid gas, forced into it by pressure. Murray's and Dinneford's should contain from 12 to 15 grs. of the carbonate in each fluid oz. See Liquor Magnesise Carbonatis, Pocket Formulary. Mathiec's Vermifuge. Tin filings 1 oz., fern root f oz., worm seed | oz., resinous extract of jalap 1 dr., sulphate of potash 1 dr., honey to form an electuary. A teaspoon- ful every 3 hours for 2 days ; then substitute the following — jalap 2 scruples, sulphate of potash 2 scruples, scam- mony 1 scruple, gamboge 10 grs. ; made into an electuary with honey, and given in the same dose. Mineral Waters (Factitious), and Salts for prodttcinq- THEM. See further on. Montein's Barege Balls (for Sulphur Baths). Sulphate of lime 8 oz., common salt 2 oz., Flanders glue 1 oz., ex- l)llITG(arSTs' NOSTRUMS, EJTd, 103 tract of soapwort 1 oz. ; make into 8 balls ; to be kept from the air. M. Mexiere recommends, extract of soap- wort ^ oz., water 6 oz., lime in powder 4 oz., sulphnr 3 oz., gelatine 1 oz. ; dissolve the extract and gelatine in the water, add the lime and sulphur, heat gently, stirring it constantly, till the mass gets detached from the sides of the vessel ; then form it into balls of 1^ oz. each. MOEPHIA COLLODiox. One part of hydrochlorate of mor- phia to 30 parts of flexible collodion. Applied with a camel's-hair brush, ybr neuralgic pains. Moeeison's Pills. No. 1, consists of equal parts of aloes and cream of tartar ; No. 2, consists of 2 parts of gamboge 3 of aloes, 1 of colocynth, and 4 of cream of tartar,— made into pills with syrup. MoEEisoNs' Adhesive Paste, for ring-worm. See Pasta Adhesiva, ' Pocket Formulary.' Moseley's Pills. Turkey rhubarb 60 grs., Jamaica ginger 24 grs., syrup and tincture of rhubarb q. s. to form a mass, to be divided into 24 pills. Moxon's Effeevescing Magnesian Apeeient. The fol- lowing have been proposed as imitations : 1. Heavy carbonate of magnesia 2 lbs., bicarbonate of soda 1 lb., tartaric acid 1^ lbs., refined sugar -\ lb., essence of lemon 40 minims; the powders to be all separately dried at a moderate temperature. 2. Sulphate of magnesia 1 lb., bicarbonate of soda 1 lb., tartaric acid \ lb. ; the ingredients to be well dried sepa- rately, at a moderate temperature. (' Pharmaceutical Journal.') 3. Carbonate of magnesia 1 lb., sulphate of magnesia 2 lbs., bicarbonate of soda 2 lbs., potassio-tartrate of soda 2 lbs., tartaric acid 2 lbs. ; to be separately dried, and mixed. — M. DUEANDE. MuNEo's Cough Medicine. 4 drs. of paregoric with 2 drs. of sulphuric ether, and 2 drachms of tincture of Tolu. Dose, a teaspoonful in some warm water. Mueeat's (Sir J.) Fluid Camphor. Each ounce contains 3 grs. of camplior and 6 grs. of carbonate of magnesia, dis- solved by carbonic acid, and by pressure. Murray's Gout Specific. It contains iodide of potassium, 13 194 PATENT AND PEOPEIETABY MEDICINES sulphate of magnesia, and an aromatic tincture. (' Pharm. Joui'nal.') Mtjstaed Leaves. See EigoUot's Mustard Leaves. MusTAED Tissue. See Sinaiiine Tissue. Nepenthe. Supposed to be a watery solution of opium, resembling Battley's. See Extractum Opii Liquidum, and Liquor Opii Sedati\'us, Pocket Formulary. Neuealine. An anodyne application, for external use only. It is said to contain aconite. NoERis's Deops. a solution of tartarized antimony, with a tinctm'e of some vegetable substances, not ascertained. Noufflece's (Madame) Woem Medicine. Powdered fern root 3 drs., to be given in the morning (the patient being prepared by an emollient clyster, and a supper of panada) ; followed in 2 hours by a bolus of calomel, scammony, and gamboge. Olliviee's BiscriTS. Beat up the whites of 2 eggs with 16 oz. of water, add a solution of 76 grs. of corrosive sub- limate ; collect, wash, and dry the precipitate, l-7tli of a gr. of which is contained in each biscuit of 2 drs. Opodeidoc. Lin. Saponis. Oemskiek 'Me-dici'SE, to prevent hydrophobia. Elecampane 1 dr., chalk 4 drs., Ai-menian bole, 3 drs., alum 10 grains, oil of aniseed 5 drops. Paeamoud. See Dietetic Compounds. Palmee's Aeeated Chalybeate. Mix 1^ parts of acetic acid with 40 of water, add 4 of proto-sulphate of iron, and 20 of syi'up. Put into 4-ounce bottles, for No. 1 and No. 2 respectively, as much of the above as contains 2 and 4 grs. of sulphate of iron, and fill the bottles with a solu- tion of carbonate of soda or of potash strongly charged with carbonic acid gas. Tartaric acid may be substituted for acetic. Papiee Epispastiqtje d'Albespetees. The Pommade Epispastique of the French codex, spread on waxed paper. See tjnguentum Epispasticum, Pocket Formulary. Papiee Epispastique de Vee. This is of three strengths, distinguished by the colours white, green, and red. The composition is made by boiling cantharides for an hour with water, and lard, green ointment, or lard coloured with alkanet ; adding white wax to the strained fats, and DRUaGISTS' NOSTETTMS, ETC. 195 spreading on paper, silk, or linen. No. 1 is made with 10 oz. of cantliarides to 4 lbs. of lard ; No. 2, of 1 lb. of Hies to 8 lbs. of green ointment; and No. 3, of 1^ lbs. to 8 lbs. of coloured lard ; and to each are added 2 lbs. of white wax. — Doevault. See BLisxERiNa Papbe. Papiee Pataed. Gout Paper. Euphorbinm 3 drs. can- tliarides 6 drs., powdered and digested with 4 oz. alcohol : and 3 drs. Venice turpentine added to the strained tincture. Fine paper is dipped into it and dried in the air. Mohe directs 4 drs. of cantliarides and 1 dr. euphorbimu to be digested in 5 oz. of highly rectified spirit ; filter and add \\ oz. Venice turpentine pre^dously liquefied with 2 oz. of resin. To be spread on the paper while warm. Pelletiee's .Stheeeal Opodeldoc. See Balsamum Aceti- cum Camphoratum, Pocket Formulary. Persian Insect Powdee. This is said to be the dried flowers of the Pyrethrum rosewm, or red flowered Pyretli- ' rum reduced to powder. The flowers of the Pyrethrum caucasicum are also stated to be used for the same purpose. Peter's Pius. Aloes, jalap, gamboge, and seammony, of each 2 drs. ; calomel 1 dr. Piles, popular remedies for. Dr. Waedlewoeth's Pills contain 3^ grs. of pitch in each; 2 every night. For Electttaeies for piles see Conf. Senna, B. P., Confectio Kesinse B- P., Confectio Sulphuris, Electuarium Hsemor- rhoidale, all in Pocket Formulary. See also Waed's Paste, below. For Pile Ointments, see Ungueutum Galla^ Unguentum Gallae cum Opio, Unguentum Haemorrhoidale, Pocket Formulary. Sir H. HALrOED's Pile Ointment consists of equal parts of citrine ointment and oil of almonds triturated in a glass mortar till perfectly smooth. Mr. Ward's is— Powdered nut-gall 2 drs., camphor 1 dr., melted wax 1 oz., tincture of opium 2 drs. Mix. Pills. See proprietors' names in alphabetical order. A great variety of formulae for pills of every kind will be found in the Pocket Formulary. Pills, To coat with Gelatine . 1 See Pilulae, Pocket TO silver J Formulary } M. DuEDEN recommends collodion as a covering for pills j others, a solution of gutta percha in chloroform : 196 PATENT AND PEOPEIETAET MEDICINES but the ready solubility of these materials iu the stomach may be questioned. M. Blaxchard uses balsam of Tolu dissolved in ether. Mr. Baildo>' recommends chloroform instead of ether. Plasma. Schacht. See Glycerinum Amyli, B. P. Plunket's Ointment toe Cancee. See Causticum Aiiti- cancrosum, Pocket Formulary. Pomade Divine. Beef marrow 3 lbs. ; put it into an earthern vessel, and cover it with cold water, and change the water daily for a few days, using rose-water the last day. Pour ofE and press out the water; add to the mar- row 4 oz. each of styrax, benzoin, and Chio turpentine, 1 oz. orris powder, ^ oz. each of powdered cinnamon, cloves, and nutmeg. Set the vessel in hot water, and keep the water boiling for 3 hours; then strain. For Pomades for the Hair, see Haie Cosmetics, after Pee- TUMEEY. Poetland's (Duke of) Gout Powdee. Equal quantities of the roots of gentian and birthwort, tops of germander, ground pine, and lesser centaury : all to be powdered and mixed together. Powell's Balsam foe Cough. Mix together 2 drs. of syrup of Tolu, 1 oz. of paregoric elixir, and 2 oz. of liquorice- juice. Queen of Hungaey's Watee. Tops and flowers of rose- mary 2 lbs., rectified spirit 3 lbs. ; digest in a close vessel for 50 hours in a gentle heat, then distil by water- bath. Quinine and Camphor Pills. See Pilula Quinias et Caui- phorse. Pocket Formulary. Radcliffe's Elixie. Aloes 6 drs., cinnamon, zedoary, and cochineal, each i dr., rhubarb 1 dr., syrup of buckthorn 2 oz., proof spirit 16 fluid oz., water 5 fluid oz. — Dr. Paeis. According to Geat, it contains jalap, scammouy, and senna. Easpail's Camphoe Cigaeettes. These are merely cam- phor enclosed in a tube (a quill or pa]ier tube may be used), confined by blotting paper, and used cold. Another kind of camphorated cigars is made by saturating dried coltsfoot or other lea^•es with a strong solution of camphor, and rollintr them in the form of ciorars. DBUGGISTS' NOSTRUMS, ETC. 197 i^EECE's Chieatta Pills. Extract of chirayta 2 drs., dried carbonate of soda 1 scruple, p. ginger 15 grs. Mix, and divide into 36 pills. Two twice a day. Segnauld's Pectoral Paste. Pectoral flowers (mullein, coltsfoot, catsfoot, and red poppies mixed) 16 oz., boiling water 3 lbs. ; infuse, strain, and add to tli£ clear liquor 6 lbs. of clean gum Arabic ; dissolve by a gentle heat, and evaporate to a proper consistence, adding towards the end, 6 drs. of tinctiu'e of balsam of Tolu. Reynold's Gout Specific. It is supposed to be a wine of colchicum. Retalenta. It is said to be prepared from the seeds of the Ervum lens. See Dietetic Articles. Riga Balsam foe BsrisES. Mix 4 oz. of spirits of wine \^'ith 1 dr. of compound tincture of benzoin, and 2 drs. of tincture of saffron. Rigollot's Mustaed Leaves. An admii-able and cleanly substitute for mustard poultices. They appear to consist of flour of mustard attached to paper by some glutinous material. See Charts Siuapis, B. P. Robinson's (Dr.) Stimulating Puegative Pills. Watery extract of aloes 1 di'., balsam of Peru 10 grs., oil of caraway 10 drops, scammony i dr. Mix, and divide into 20 pills : 2 or 3 when required. Roche's Embeocation. Olive oil, with half its weight of oil of cloves and oil of amber. — Dr. Paeis. Rog£'s Magnksian Puegative. — Calcined magnesia 1 oz., carbonate of magnesia ^ oz., citric acid 3^ oz., sugar, rubbed with a few drops of essence of lemon, 6^ oz. To form Aerated Magnesian Lemonade, put i of the powder into a soda-water bottle nearly filled with water, and cork it securely. Rousseau's" Deops. See Vinum Opii Fermentatione Para- tum. Pocket Formulary. RusriNi's Styptic. It contains (according to Dr. A. T. Tliomson) gallic acid, sulphate of zinc, spirit, and rose- ^\•ater. Ryan's Essence op Coltsfoot. Tincture of balsam of Tolu 2 oz., compound tincture of benzoin 2 oz., spirit of wine 4 oz. — Geay. RYJiEE'a Tincture. A tincture of capsicum, camplior, 198 PATENT AND PKOPEIETARY MEDICINES cardamom, rhubarb, aloes, and castor, in proof sjjirit, with a small quantity of sulphuric acid. — Dr. Paris. (The inventor states that it is impregnated with an aerial acid.) Salts, Mineral. See Waters, FACTiTiors Mineral, further on. Scott's Pills. See Anderson's Pills. Scott's Plaster. This appears to be a carefully prepared Emp. Plumbi, spread on calico. If it contain resin, the quantity is probably less than in Emp. Eesinse. Seidlitz Powders (iu separate powders). One contains 2 drs. of powdered Eochelle salts, and 40 grs. of bicarbonate of soda ; the other powder is p. tartaric acid 35 grs. Seidlitz Powder, in one bottle. Note. — The powders are all to be thoroughly dried separately, at a gentle heat — the potassio-tartrate of soda (Soda tartarata) at a tempera- ture not exceeding 110° F. ; the others not higher than 120°. Take of potassio-tartrate of soda, dried, 15 oz., tartaric acid, dried, 5 oz. (or citric acid 4f oz.), dry bicarbonate of soda 6 oz. Mix, and keep in a well-closed bottle. Dose, 3 drs. Or, mix two parts of bitartrate of soda with one part of bicarbonate of soda. Keep dry. The above have no resemblance to the natm'al water of Seidlitz. See Waters (Mineral), page 198. SiNAPiNE Tissue. A substitute for mustard poultices. Sheets of paper impregnated with essence of mustard and tincture of capsicum. Singleton's Golden Ointment. Orpiment mixed with lard to the consistence of an ointment. " There appears to be some mistake in this statement, as that sold us under this name had nearly the same compo- sition as the ointment of nitric oxide of mercury of the Pharmacopoeia. It did not contain a trace either of arsenic or sulphur." — CoOLET. Soda Powders. These usually contain in one paper 30 grs, of bicarbonate of soda, and in the other 25 grs. of tartaric acid (or 24 of citric acid). For sherbet, lemonade, and ginger-beer powders, see Beterag-es, in another di^dsion of this work. Smellome's Eye-Ointment. Prepared verdigris 30 grs.; levigate with 30 drops of olive oil, and add 1 oz, of resinous cerate. DBUGQISTS' NOSTEUMS, ETC. 199 Speediman's Pills. Rhubarb, aloes, myrrh, and extract of chamomile, of each 60 grs. ; oil of chamomile 12 drops. Mix, and divide into 4-grain pills. Solomon's Balm of Gilead. An aromatic tincture, of which cardamoms form a leading ingredient, made with brandy. — Dr. Pabis. It is thought to contain cantha- rides. Solomon's ANXi-iMPETiaiNES is said to be a solution of corrosive sublimate. Smith's (Dr. Hugh) Stomachic Pills. Aloes, rhubarb, aromatic powder, gum sagapenum, of each 1 dr. ; oil of mint and oil of cloves, of each 10 drops ; balsam of Peru q. s. In 5-grain pills ; 2 to 4 every night. Solution of Copaiva. See Sol. Copaibas Alkalin. Pocket Formulary. SpiLSBrRY's Anti-scoebutic Drops. Corrosive sublimate 2 drs. (not 2 oz., as misprinted in the eighth edition of Dr. Paeis's Pharmacologia), precipitated sulphuret of anti- mony 1 dr., gentian 2 drs., orange-peel 2 drs., red sanders 1 dr., proof spirit 16 fluid oz. ; digest and strain. — Dr. Paeis. We are informed that this incorrect. Another formula is — Levigated crocus metallorum 18 cb's., corrosive sublimate 1.35 grs., red sanders I2- drs., gentian 6 drs., orange-peel 6 drs., brandy 48 fluid oz. ; digest for 10 days, shaking frequently, and strain ; dose, 5 to 60 drops. Sqttiee's Elixie. Opium 1 oz., camphor 1 oz., spu-it of aniseed (compound) 4 pints, tincture of serpentaria 1 pint, water 4 pints, tincture of ginger \ oz. Some recipes add a little aurum musivum. Standeet's Red Mixture. Carbonate of magnesia 4 drs., powdered rhubarb 2 drs., tincture of rhubarb 1^ oz., tinc- ture of opium 1 dr., oil of aniseed 24 drops, essence of peppermint 30 drops, water 1^ pints ; mix. A popular remedy for bowel complaints in the West of England. Standeet's Stomachic Candy. Cardamom seed, ginger, rhubarb (all in fine powder), each 4 drs., lump sugar 4 oz., water 6 drs. ; boil together, stirring constantly till the sugar is dissolved, then pour it into a proper mould. Steedman'b Soothino Powdees. These appear, by analysis, to contain calomel, about 1 grain in each, also a trace of morphia, with sugar, 200 PATENT AND PEOPBIETAEY MEDICINES Stbee's Opodeldoc. 1. Rectified spirit a quart, Castile soap , 5 oz., camphor 21 oz., oil of roseniarv 2i drs., oil of origa- num 5 drs., sol. weaker ammonia -4 oz. ; digest till dissolved, and pour while warm into wide-mouthed bottles. 2. Rectified spirit 8 pints o. m., white soap 20 oz., cam- phor 8 oz., water of ammonia 4 oz., oil of rosemary 1 oz., oil of horsemint 1 oz. : dissolve the soap in the spirit by a gentle heat, and add the other ingredients. Bottle whilst warm. — Phil. Coll. of Phaeiiact. SrorGHTOx's Elixie. 1. Gentian 36 oz., serpentary 16 oz., dried orange-peel 24 oz., calamus aromaticus 4 oz., rectified spirit and water, of each 6 gallons, old measure. 2. Gentian 4 lbs., orange-peel 2 lbs., cochineal 2 drs., cardamom seed 1 oz., rectified spirit 8 gallons. Stoeet's Woem Cakes. Calomel 1 scrapie, jalap 1 dr., ginger 2 scruples, sugar 1 oz., cinnabar to colour, syrup q. s. to form 10 cakes. Steuve's Lotiox foe HoopiyG-CoroH. Emetic tartar 60 grs., water 2 oz., tincture of cantharides 1 oz. Swaim's YEEMiFuaE. Worm seed 2 oz., valerian, rhubarb, pink root, white agaric, of each 1^ oz. ; boil in sufficient water to yield 3 quarts of decoction, and add to it 30 drops of oil of tansy, and 45 drops of oil of cloves, dissolved in a quart of rectified spirit. (American remedy.) SyDENHAii's Liquid LAUDA^■UM:. See Vinum Opii, Pocket Formulary. Ta^'JOEE Pills. See Piluls Arsenici, Pocket Formulary. Thibaut's Balsam for wounds. Digest flowers of St. John's wort, one handful, in i pint rectified spirit, then express the liquor, and dissolve in it myrrh, aloes, and di'agon's blood, of each 1 dr., with Canada balsam ^ oz. TiNCTTJEE OF QciNiNE (Abosiatic). See Tinct. Quinise, Pocket Formulary. Tissot's Pfegatite Powdees. Jalap, rhubarb, senna, and soluble cream of tartar, equal quantities. Dose, 2 to 6 drachms. Used in Normandy. Tuelington's Balsam. Rectified spirit 8 old wine pints, benzoin 12 oz., liquid styrax 4 oz., socotrine aloes 1 oz., balsam of Peru 2 oz., myrrh 1 oz., angelica-root i oz., balsam of Tolu 4 oz., extract of liquorice 4 oz. ; digest 10 days ayid strain.— Peil. Coil. OF Phaem. The certified DRUaOISTiS' NOSTRUMS, ETC. 201 copy of the original recipe is more complex, containing three times as many ingredients. Valangix^s Solution of Solvent Mineral. Arseuious acid (which has been mixed with chloride of sodium, and resublimed) 30 grs., hydrochloric acid 90 grs., distilled water 1 oz. ; dissolve, and add distilled water to make up 30 fluid oz. Dose, from 3 drops, increased very gradually to 10. See Liquor Arsenic! Hydrochloricus (L.), Pocket Formulary. Venlo's Vegetable Syrup. It is supposed to be a decoc- tion of burdock, mint, dandelion, senna, &c., boiled with sugar, and a small portion of solution of sublimate added. Walker's Jesuit's Drops. See Jesuit's Drops, above. Warburg's Fevee Tincture. See Tinct. Warburgii, Pocket Formulary. Ward's Paste. The same as Confectio Piperis Nigri of the London Phtirmacopceia. Ward's White Drops. To 16 oz. of strong nitric acid add gradually 7 oz. of subcarbonate of ammonia ; let it stand 2 or 3 hours ; then put it into a bolt-head which it will only half fill, and to each 16 oz. put 4 oz. of pure quick- silver, and digest by a sand heat till the solution is com- plete ; then gently increase the heat, and add a little more quicksilver at intervals till it will dissolve no more ; then evaporate it in a glass or earthern dish placed in sand, till a pellicle appears, and set it aside to crystallize. Dissolve 1 lb. of the drained salt in 3 lbs. of rose-water by the heat of a sand-bath. Ward's Essence foe the Headache. Spirit of wine 2 lbs., roche alum in fine powder 2 oz., camphor 4 oz., essence of lemon ^ oz., strong water of ammonia 4 oz. ; stop the bottle close, and shake it daily for 3 or 4 days. Ward's Red Pill. Glass of antimony levigated with a fourth of its weight of dragon's-blood, made into a mass with wine, and divided into pills of a grain and a half each ; one pill is a dose, on an empty stomach. In foul- ness of the stomach and bowels, and obstinate rheumatic disorders. Ward's Dropsy Purging Powder. Jalap 1 lb., cream of tartar 1 lb., red bole 1 oz. ; mix ; dose, from 30 to 40 grs., 202 PATEKT AKD PEOPRIETARY MEDICINES ill brotli or warm beer, repeated for 2 or 3 days, or ofteiier if necessary. Waed's Sweating Powdee. Similar to Dover's Powder. "Ward's Washing Powdee. See Washing Compounds, Trade Chemicals. Waenee's CoEDiAL. Rhubarb 1 oz., senna ^ oz., safPron 1 dr., liquorice ^ oz., raisins 1 lb., brandy 3 pints j digest for a week, and strain. Waets, to cube. Strong acetic acid, or dichloi^cetic acid, applied in tubes made for the purpose. Caution is required, that the sound flesh may not be involved. Waewick's (Countess of) Powdees. Scammony 2 oz., calx of antimony 1 oz., cream of tartar ^ oz. Mix. Webster's Diet Deine. A decoction of syrup of sarsa- parilla, betony, dulcamara, guaiacum, liquorice, sassafras, turmeric, and thyme. Webster's (Lady) Pills. See Pilula Aloes cum Mastiche, Pocket Formulary. Whitehead's Essence op Mustaed. See Essence of MtrsTAED for an imitation of it. Whitehead's Mustaed Pills. Dr. Paris says they consist of balsam of Tolu and resin. Whitelaw's Ethereal Tinctuee of Lobelia. See Tinc- tura Lobelias Etherea, Pocket Formulary. Wilson's Gout Tinctuee. A vinous infusion of colchicum. Wisdom's (Dr.) Ete-Watee. Bole 2 oz., sulphate of zinc i oz., camphor (dissolved in 1| oz. of rectified spirit) i oz., water a gallon. Weight's Peael Ointment. Wliite precipitate 8 oz., ex- tract of lead a pint ; rub together and add 7 lbs. of white wax melted Avitli 16 lbs. of olive oil. — Phaem. Jouenal. WoEM Lozenges. See Ching's Lozenges, and .Storey's WoEM Cakes, above ; see also Ti-ochisci Anthelmintici, and Trochisci Santonini, Pocket Formulary. Young's Pueging Deine. Carbonate of soda in crystals 2^ drs., cream of tartar in crystals 3 drs., water 8 oz. ; put it into a stone bottle, and secure the cork. FACTITIOUS MINERAL WATERS, AND M^ tax |r0hmn| tijm. AEEATED OR CARBONATED WATERS. These require the aid of the powerful machine employed by soda-water manufacturers, to charge the waters strongly M'ith carbonic acid gas. The gas is made from whiting and diluted sulphuric acid, and is forced by a pumj) into the watery solution. Sometimes the gas is produced by the mutual action of the ingredients introduced into the bottle of water, which must be instantly closed ; but this method is found practically inconvenient, and is only adopted in the absence of proper apparatus. The quantity of gas introduced is directed, in the French and American pharmacopoeias, in most cases, to be 5 times the volume of liquid. For chalybeate and sulphuretted waters, the water should be previously deprived of the air it naturally contains, by boiling, and allowing it to cool in a closed vessel. There are various manufacturers of aerated-water machines, and of syphon bottles for holding these waters when made. The names and addresses of these makers may be found in any trade directory. Simple Aerated Watee. Carbonic acid gas ivater. Water charged with five or more volumes of carbonic acid gas, as above. Alkalinb Aeeated Watees. Aerated soda and potash waters should be made by dissolving a drachm of the car- bonated alkali in each pint of water, and charging it strongly with carbonic acid gas. But the soda water of the shops generally contains but little (or no) soda. Aeeated Magnesia Water, Tliis is made of various BtrengthfSi 204 FACTITIOUS MINERAL WATERS Murray's and Dikxefoed's Fluid Magnesia may be thus made : — To a boiling solution of 16 oz. of sulphate of magnesia in 6 pints of water, add a solution of 19 oz. of crystallized carbonate of soda in the same quantity of water ; boil the mixture till gas ceases to escape, stirring constantly ; then set it aside to settle ; pour off the liquid, and wash the precipitate on a cotton or linen cloth, with warm water, till the latter ptvsses tasteless. Mix the pre- cipitate, without di'ying it, with a gallon of water, and force carbonic acid gas into the mixture luider strong pressure, till a complete solution is effected. The Eau Magnesienne of the French codex is about a third of this strength ; and we have met with some prepared in this country not much stronger. See Liquor Maokesi^ Caebonatis, B. P. Carbonated Lime Water. Carrara Water. Lime water (prejiared from lime made by calcuiing Carrara marble) is supersaturated by strong pressure, with carbonic acid ; so that the carbonate of lime at first thrown down is re- dissolved. It contains 8 grains of carbonate of lime in 10 fluid oz. of water. Aerated Lithia Water. This may be conveniently made from the fresh precipitated carbonate, dissolved m car- bonated water, as directed for fluid magnesia. Its ant- acid and antilithic properties promise to be useful. See Liquor Lithi.e Effertescbns, B. P. SALENE CARBONATED WATERS. The following afford approximate imitations of these waters. The earthy salts, with the salts of iron, should be dis- solved together in the smallest quantity of water. The other ingredients to be dissolved in the larger portion of the water, and the solution impregnated with the gas. The first solution may be then added or be previously introduced into the bottles. The salts, unless it is other- wise stated, are to be crystallized. Baden Water. Chloride of magnesium 2 grs., chloride of calcium 40 grs., perchloride of iron 5 gr. (or 3 minims of the tincture), chloride of sodium 30 grs., sulphate of soda 10 grs., carbonate of soda 1 gr., water 1 pint, carbonic acid gas 5 volumes. SALINE CAHBOIS'ATED WATERS 205 Carlsbad Wateh. Chloride of calcium 8 grs., tincture of chloride of irou 1 drop, sulphate of soda 50 grs., carbonate of soda 60 grs., chloride of sodium 8 grs., carbonated water 1 pint. Egee. Carbonate of soda 5 grs., sulphate of soda 4 scruples, chloride of sodium 10 grs., sulphate of magnesia 3 grs., chloride of calcium 5 grs., carbonated water a pint. (Or it may be made without apparatus thus : — Bicarbonate of soda 30 grs., chloride of sodium 8 grs., sulphate of magnesia 3 grs., water a pint ; dissolve and add a scruple of dry bisulphate of soda, and close the bottle immediately.) Ems. Carbonate of soda 2 scruples, sulphate of potash 1 gr., sulphate of magnesia 5 grs., chloride of sodium 10 grs., chloride of calcium 3 grs., carbonated water a pint. Maeienbad. Carbonate of soda 2 scruples, sulphate of soda 96 grs., sulphate of magnesia 8 grs., chloride of sodium 15 grs., chloride of calcium 10 grs., carbonated water a pint. (Or, Bicarbonate of soda 50 grs., sulphate of soda 1 dr., chloride of sodium 15 grs., siilphate of magnesia 10 grs. ; dissolve in a pint of water, add 25 grs. of dry bisulphate of soda, and cork immediately.) Maeienbad Pueging Salts. Bicarbonate of soda 5 oz., dried sulphate of soda 12 or., dry chloride of sodium 1^ oz., sulphate of magnesia, dried, 2 oz., dried bisulphate of soda 2i oz. Mix the salts, previously dried, separately, and keep them carefully from the air. Pullna Watee. Sulphate of soda 4 drs., sulphate of mag- nesia 4 drs., chloride of calcium 15 grs., chloride of mag- nesium (dry) a scruple, chloride of sodium a scruple, bicarbonate of soda 10 grs., water slightly carbonated, one pint. One of the most active of the purgative saline waters. PcLLNA Watee, without the Machine. Bicarbonate of soda 50 grs., sulphate of magnesia 4 drs., sulphate of soda 3 drs., chloride of sodium a scruple ; dissolve in a pint of water ; add, lastly, 2 scruples of bisulphate of soda, and close the bottle immediately. Salts foe making PuClna Watee. Dry bicarbonate of soda 1 oz., exsiccated sulphate of soda 2 oz., exsiccated suljthate of magnesia Ij oz., dry chloride of sodium 2 drs.. 206 FACTITIOUS MIXEEAL WATEBS dry tartaric acid f oz. (or rather, dry bisulpliate of soda 1 oz.) Seidlitz Water. Tliis is usually imitated by strongly aerating a solution of 2 drs. of sulphate of magnesia in a pint of water. It is also made with 4, 6, and 8 drs. of the salts to a pint of water. Seidlitz Powdek. The common seidlitz powders (see back) do not resemble the water. A closer imitation would be made by using effloresced sulphate of magnesia uistead of the potassio-tartrate of soda. A still more exact compound will be the following : — Effloresced sulphate of magnesia 2 oz., bicarbonate of soda | oz., dry bisulpliate of soda i oz., mix and keep in a close bottle. Seidschtitz Water. Sulphate of magnesia 3 drs., chloride of calcium, nitrate of lime, bicarbonate of soda, of each 8 grs., sulphate of potash 5 grs., aerated water 1 pint. Seltzer Water. Chloride of calcium and chloride of mag- nesium, of each 4 grs. ; dissolve these in a small quantity of water, and add it to a similar solution of 8 grs. of bicarbonate of soda, 20 grs. chloride of sodium, and 2 grs. of phosphate of soda : mix, and add a solution of 4 of a gr. of sulphate of iron ; put the mixed solution into a 20-oz. bottle, and fill up with aerated water. But much of the Seltzer water sold is said to be nothing more than simple carbonated water, containing a little chloride of sodium. An imita- tion of Seltzer water is also made by putting into a stone Seltzer bottle, filled with water, 2 drs. bicarbonate of soda, and 2 drs. of citric acid in crystals, corking the bottle immediately. Sodaic powders are sometimes sold as Seltzer powders. Vichy Water. Bicarbonate of soda 1 di-., chloride of sodium 2 grs., sulphate of soda 8 grs., sulphate of magnesia 3 grs., tincture of chloride of ii'on 2 drops, aerated water a pint. DoRVAULT directs 75 grs. of bicarbonate of soda, 4 grs. of chloride of sodium, | gr. sulphate of iron, 10 grs. sulphate of soda, 3 grs. sulphate of magnesia, to a pint of water. By adding 45 grs. (or less) of citric acid an effervescmg water is obtained. M. SOTJBEiRAN, relying on the analysis of LoNGCHAMrs, imitates Vichy water by the following combination : — Bi- carbonate of soda 135 grs., chloride of sodium 2i grs., STJLPHIJEETTED WATERS 207 cryst. chloride of calcium 12 grs., sulphate of soda 11^ grs., sulphate of magnesia 3| grs., tartrate of iron and potash ■g- gr., water 2 J^ pints (1 litre), carbonic acid 305 cub. inches (5 litres). Dissolve the salts of soda and iron in part of the water, and add the sulph. magues., and then the chlor. calc. in the remaining water. Charge now with the carbonic acid gas under pressui'e. Vichy Salts. Bicarbonate of soda 1^ oz., chloride of so- dium 15 grs., effloresced suljihate of soda 1 dr., effloresced sulphate of magnesia 1 scruple, dry tartarised potash and iron 1 gr., dry tartaric acid 1 oz. (or dry bisulphate of soda) ; mix the powders, previously dried, and keep them in a close bottle. SALINE WATERS, &c., NOT CARBONATED. Sea Water. Chloride of sodium 4 oz., sulphate of soda 2 oz.. chloride of calcium ^ oz., chloride of magnesium 1 oz., iodide of potassium 4 grs., bromide of potassium 2 grs., water a gallon. A common substitute for sea water as a bath is made by dissolving 4 or 5 oz. of common salt in a gallon of water. The following mixture of dry salts may be kept for the immediate production of a good imitation of sea water. Chloride of sodium (that obtained from evaporating sea water and not recrystallized, in preference) 85 oz., efflo- resced sulphate of soda 15 oz., dry chloride of calcium 4 oz., dry chloride of magnesium 16 oz., iodide of potassimn 2 di's., bromide of potassium 1 gr. Mix, and keep dry. Put 4 or 5 oz. to a gallon of water. Balaetjc Wateb. Chloride of sodium 1 oz., chloride of calcium 1 oz., chloride of magnesium i oz., sulphate of soda 3 drs., bicarbonate of soda 2 drs., bromide of potassium 1 gr., water a gallon. Chiefly used for baths. SULPHURETTED WATERS, Simple Sulph peetted Waters. Pass sulphuretted hy- drogen into cold water (previously deprived of air by boil- ing, and cooled in a closed vessel), till it ceases to be absorbed. 208 FACTITIOUS MiyERlL WATERS Aix-la-Chapelle Wateb. Bicarbonate of soda 12 grs., chloride of sodium 25 gi'S-, chloride of calcium 3 grs., sul- phate of soda 8 grs., simple sulphuretted water 2^ oz., water slightly carbonated 17i oz. Baeeges Watee. (Cauterets, Bagneres de Luchon, Eaux Bonnes, St. Sauveur, may be made the same). Crystallized hydrosulphate of soda (see Soda Hydrosulphas- (Sodii Sulphidum Crystallizatum), P. F.), crystallized carbonate of soda, and chloride of sodium, of each 1^ grs., water (freed from air) a pint. A stronger solution for adding to baths is thus made : — Crystallized hydrosulphate of soda, crystallized carbonate of soda, and chloride of sodium, of each 2 oz., water 10 oz. : dissolve. To be added to a com- mon bath at the time of using. Naples Watee. Crystallized carbonate of soda 15 grs., fluid magnesia 1 oz., simple sulphuretted water 2 oz. aerated water 16 oz. Introduce the sulphuretted water into the bottle last. Habeogate Watee. Chloride of sodium 100 grs., chloride of calcium 10 grs., chloride of magnesium 6 grs., bicar- bonate of soda 2 grs., water 18^ oz. Dissolve, and add simple sulphuretted water 1^ oz. Haebogate Salts. See Dr. Duffin's (back). CHALYBEATE WATERS. Simple Chalybeate Water. Water freed from air by boiling 1 pint, sulphate of iron ^ gr. Aeeated Chalybeate Wateb. Sulphate of iron 1 gr., carbonate of soda 4 grs., water deprived of air, and charged with carbonic acid gas, a pint. Dr. Pebeiea recommends 10 grs. each of sulphate of iron and bicarbonate of soda to be taken in a bottle of ordinary soda-water. This is equivalent to 4 grs. of carbonate of iron. Beightox Chalybeate. Sulphate of iron, chloride of sodium, chloride of calcium, of each 2 grs., carbonate of soda 3 grs., carbonated water 1 pint. Btjssang, Fobges, Peotixs, and other similar waters, may be imitated by dissolvmg from ^ to ^rds of a grain of sul- phate of iron, 2 or 3 grs. of carbonate of soda, 1 gr. of sul- phate of magnesia, and 1 of chloride of sodium, in a pint of aerated water. CHALYBEATE WATERS 209 MoxT d'Or Water. Bicarbonate of soda 70 grs., sulphate of iron | gr., chloride of sodium 12 grs., sulphate of soda ■J gr., chloride of calcium 4 grs., chloride of magnesium 2 grs., aerated water a pint. Passt Water. Sulphate of iron 2 grs., chloride of sodium 3 grs., carbonate of soda 4 grs., chloride of magnesium 2 grs., aerated water a pint. PrEMoyT Water. Sulphate of magnesia 20 grs., chloride of magnesium 4 grs., chloride of sodium 2 grs., bicarbonate of soda 16 grs., sulphate of iron 2 grs., Carrara water a pint. VARIOUS AERATED MEDICINAL WATERS NOT RESEMBLING ANY NATURAL SPRING. Mialhe's Aerated Chalybeate Water. Water a pint, citric acid 1 dr., citrate of iron 15 grains ; dissolve, and add 75 grs., of bicarbonate of soda. Trosseau's Martial Aerated Water. Potassio-tartrate of iron 10 grains, artificial Seltzer water a pint. BorcHARDAT's GASEOUS PURGATIVE. Phosphate of ^oda 1^ oz., carbonated water a pint. Mialhe's Ioduretted Gaseous Water. Iodide of potas- sium 15 grs., bicarbonate of soda 75 grs., water a pint ; dissolve and add sulphuric acid, diluted with its weight of watei", 75 grs. Cork immediately. Dupasquier's Gaseous Water of Iodide of Iron. So- lution of iodide of iron (containing -j^oth of dry iodide) 30 grs., syrup of gum 2-^ oz., aerated water 17^ oz. [See also Magnesia, Carrara, and Lithia Waters (back) Bewley's Chalybeate Water, (back). Also Aqua Benzoata Aerata, and Aq. Magnesite Citratis, Pocket Formulary.^ 14 PERFUMERY DISTILLED WATERS. The simple distilled waters ' (without spirit) used in per- fumery are chiefly those of rose, elder, and orange llower, cinnamon, &c. The points requisite to be attended to are, that the flowers be fresh, gathered after the sun has risen and the dew exhaled, and that sufiicient M'ater be used to prevent the flowers being burned, but not much more than is sufiicient for this piarpose. The quantities usually directed are — Roses 15 lbs., water 40 lbs. : distil 15 lbs. for single, and the same water witli 15 lbs. of fresh roses, for double rose-water. Orange-flowers 12 lbs., water 36 lbs. : distil 24 lbs. for double orange-flower water ; this with an equal quantity of distilled water forms the single. The flowers should not be put into the still till the water nearly boils. Eldee-plower Water, Acacia- fxowee \Vatee, and Beax- PLOWER Water, are prepared in the same manner as rose- water. Eaij de Naphre. This water is distilled in Languedoc from the leaves of the bigarade, or bitter-orange tree, but the preparation sold in England under this name is often prepared thus : — Orange flowers 7 lbs. ; fresh yellow peel of the bigarade or Seville orange \ lb., water 2 gallons ; macerate for 24 hours, and distil 1 gallon. Ordinary orange flower water is very generally sold for this water. CiN'XAMON Water. A gallon should be distilled from 20 oz. of fine cinnamon (bruised) and 2 gallons of water. Strawberry Water. Bruised strawberries 4 lbs., water a gallon ; macerate for 12 hours, and distil 6 pints. The waters prepared -nathout distillation (by diffusing the essential oils through water, after mixing them with chalk, magnesia, or silica, or dissoh-ing them in spirit) are SPIEITrOFS WATEHS 211 seldom so proper for perfumery purposes as those distilled from the flowers &c., Eose-water, made from the otto (8 drops of otto, previously mixed with a drachm of pre- cipitated chalk, diffused in a quart of distilled water, and afterwards distilled or simply filtered), is to most persons very agreeable ; but that distilled from the flowers should also be kept, as it is by others greatly preferred. Musk Water, Violet' Water^ jEs'sAiiiNE Water, and some others, are made by mixing the spirituous essences with distilled or pure soft water. A usual proportion is 2 drs, to a pint. SPIRITUOUS WATERS. The spirit employed in perfumery should be selected with great care ; it should be perfectly free from grain-oil and other impurities. It should be 60'over-proof, unless other- ^\-ise directed. The distillation should be effected by steam, or by the heat of a water-bath. Simple Spirit op Lavender. Lavender-flowers (free from stalks) 2 lbs., rectified spirit 8 pints, water 16 pmts ; distil 8 pints. Smyth's Distilled Essence of Lavender. Essential oil of English Lavender 4 oz., rectified spirit (60° over-proof) 5 pints, rose-water 1 pint : mix, and distil 5 pints for sale. Essence of Lavender (by mixture). Essential oil of la- vender 3i oz., rectified 'spirit 2 quarts, rose-water f pint, tincture of orris i pint. Lavender Water. English oil of lavender 4 oz., spirit 3 quarts, rose-water 1 pint ; mix and filter. (A commoner and cheaper preparation may be made with the French oil). Odoriferous Lavender Water. 1. Rectified spirit 5 gal- lons, essential oil of lavender 20 oz.. oil of bergamot 5 oz., essence of ambergris ^ oz. Sometimes 4 oz. of orris-root are digested with the above. — Mr. Brande. 2. Oil of lavender, oil of bergamot, of each 3 drs. ; otto of roses and oil of cloves, of each 6 drops ; musk 2 grs., true oil of rosemary 1 dr., honey 1 oz., benzoic acid 2 scruples ; rectified spirit a pint , distilled water 3 oz, — Dr. Pereira. 212 PERFUMERY 3. Oil of lavender 2 oz., essence of ambergris 1 oz., eau de Cologne a pint, rectified spirit a quart. 4. Oil of lavender 4 drs. ; essence of bergamot, essence of lemon or cedrat, and otto of roses, of each 20 minims ; essence of ambergris 1 dr., rectified spirit 3 pints, orange- flower water 4 oz., rose (or distilled) water 12 oz., burnt alum 20 'grs. Agitate .frequently, 'then let it stand in a cool place for some days before filtering. 5. Oil of lavender 3 drs., oil of bergamot 20 drops, neroli 6 drops, otto 6 to 12 drops, essence of cedrat 8 or 10 drops, essence of musk 20 drops, rectified spirit 28 fluid oz., distilled (or orange-flower) water 4 oz. 6. Eatt de Lavande aux Milleflenrs. Oil of lavender 4 drs. ; essence of bergamot, essence of lemon, otto of roses, of each 12 drops ; essence of millefleurs 3 drs., essence of ambergris 1 dr., rectified spirit a pint and a half. 7. English oil of lavender 8 oz. ; essence of musk 4oz. ; essence of ambergris and oil of bergamot of each 1^ oz., rect. spirit 2 gallons. Mix well. Very fine. — Mr. Cooley. Note. — Tlie oil of lavender in all the above should be the finest English oil ; that which first comes over is said to be the most fragrant. It should be kept for 12 months before using, either alone or mixed with an equal quantity of alcohol. Some makers prefer a mixture of old and new oil. Tlie lavender water improves by age. Eatj de Cologne — Cologne Watee. 1. English oil of lavender, oil of bergamot, oil of lemon, oil of neroli, of each 1 oz. ; oil of cinnamon ^ oz. ; spirit of rosemary, and spirit of balm {Eau des Carmes), of each 15 oz. ; highly rectified spirit 7^ pints. Let them stand together for 14 days, then distil in a water-bath. — Dr. Geantillk. 2. Oil of bergamot, citron, and lemon, each 3 oz. ; oils of rosemary, neroli, and lavender, of each 1 J oz. ; oil of cinnamon 6 drs., rectified spirit 24 pints ; compound spirit of balm {Eau des Carmes, below) 3 pints, spirit of rose- mary 2 pints. Mix, and after standing a week, distil 24 pints. — Feench Phaemacopceia. 3. Essential oils of bergamot, of lemon, of neroli, of orange peel, and of rosemary, each 12 drops; cardamom seeds a dr. ; rectified spirit a pint. It improves by age.— Theommsdobf. SPIRITUOUS WATERS 213 4. Essence of bergamot 40 minims, essence of lemon 45 minims, oil of rosemary 6, oil of orange 22, neroli 12 minims, highly rectified spirit 6 oz. 5. Alcohol a pint, oil of bergamot, oil of orange-peel, true oil of rosemary, cardamom seeds, of each a drachm ; orange-flower water a pint. Mix, and distil a pint by water-bath. — Dr. A. T. Thomson. Eau des Caemes— Eatt de Melisse. Fresh flowering balm 24 oz. ; yellow rind of lemon, cut fine, 4 oz., cin- namon, cloves, and nutmeg (bruised), of each 2 oz. ; cori- ander seed (braised) 1 oz., dried angelica root 1 oz., recti- fied spirit a gallon. Macerate for 4 days, and distil in a water- bath. Aquebusade Water. 1. Sage, angelica, wormwood, savory* sweet fennel, hyssop, balm, sweet basil, rue, thyme, mar- joram, rosemary, angelica seed, origanum, red ' calamint, creeping thyme, lavender flowers, of each 10 oz.; sweet flag root 5 oz., rectified spirit 2 gallons, water q. s. Distil 3 gallons. 2. (Simplified.) Balm, rosemary, thyme, calamus root, angelica seeds, lavender flowers, of each 4 oz. ; rectified spirit 3 pints, water q. s. Macerate for a day, and distil 4 pints. QPEEN OF Huxgart's Wateb. Spirit of Rosemary. 1. Rosemary tops 2 lbs. rectified spirit a gallon, water q. s. Distil carefully 1 gallon. 2 Spirit of rosemary (as No. 1) 4 pints, orange-flower water ^ pint, essence of neroli 4 drops. 3. Simple spirit of rosemary 3 pints, simple spirit of lavender a pint, rose-water 8 oz. Eau d'Ange. Flowering tops of myrtle 16 oz., rectified spirit a gallon ; digest, and distil to dryness in a water- bath. Or dissolve ^ oz. essential oil of myrtle in 3 pints of rectified spirit. Mr. Gray gives under this name a water without spirit : Water 2 pints, benzoin 2 oz., storax 1 oz., cinnamon 1 dr. cloves 2 drs. Calamus a stick, cori- ander seeds a pinch : distil. HoKKT Water. Uau de Miel. 1. Rectified spirit 8 pints, oil of cloves, oil of lavender, oil of bergamot, of each \ oz., musk 15 grs., yellow sanders shapings 4 oz., digest for 8 214 PEEJTUMERT days, and add 2 pints each of orange-flower and rose waters, 2. Oil of sautal 20 drops, tincture of musk 2 J oz., essence of bergamot 2^ oz., oil of cloves 5 drs., oil of lavender 5 drs., rose-water 2 pints, orange-flower water 2 pints, spirit of wine a gallon ; mix, and filter. 3. (With honey.) White honey 8 oz., coriander seed 8 oz., fi'esh lemon-peel 1 oz., cloves f oz., nutmeg, benzoin, sty rax calamita, of each 1 oz., rose and orange-flower water, of each 4 oz„ rectified spirit 3 pints ; digest for a few days, and filter. Some receipts add 3 drs. of vanilla, and direct only ^ oz. of nutmeg, storax, and benzoin. 4. Coriander seeds 7 lbs., cloves 12 oz., storax 8 oz., nutmeg 8 oz., fresh lemon-peel 10 oz., calamus root 6 oz., rectified spirit 15 puits ; macerate for a month add water q. s. Distil 22 pints, and add to the distilled spirit 5 pints of orange-flower water, 24 drops otto of roses, a dr. of am- bergris, and 2 oz. of fine vanilla ; macerate for a week, and filter. The dry ingredients to be bruised or cut small. Lisbon Watee. To rectified spirit, 1 gallon, add the essen- tial oils of orange-peel and lemon-peel, of each 3 oz., and of otto of rose ^ oz. — Piesse. Eatj de Portugal. To rectified spirit, 1 gallon, add the following essential oils : of orange peel 6 oz., of lemon- peel 1 oz., of lemon-grass i oz., of bei'gamot 1 oz., and of otto of rose ^ oz. — Piesse. Eat: d'Elegance. Spirit of jessamine 2 lbs., spirit of styrax 1 lb., spirit of hyacinth 1 lb., spirit of star aniseed 4 oz., tincture of balsam of Tolu 4 oz., tincture of vanilla 2 oz. Eau de Maeeschale. Spirit of wine 1^ pint, spirit of jessamine 1 oz., essence of bergamot | oz., essence of violets 1 oz. Eau Eomaine. Spirit of jessamine 3 quai'ts, tincture of vanilla 1 quart, spirit of acacia flowers 1 quart, spu-it of tiiberose a pint, essence of ambergris 2 oz,, tincture of benzoin 8 oz. Eau de Millefleues. Eectified spirit 2 pints, balsam of Peru i oz., essence of bergamot i oz., oil of cloves 5 oz., essence of neroli J dr., essence of musk 1 dr., orange- flower water 2 oz. Eau Spiritueuse D'Hi:LiOTEOPE. Vanilla 3 drs., double SPIEITUOtJS WATEES 215 orange-flower water 6 oz., rectified spirit a quart ; mace- rate for 3 days, and distil in a water-bath. It may be coloured with cochineal. But the essence d'heliotrope of some perfumers appears, by the colour, not to have been distilled. Eau d'Ispahax. Essential oil of bitter orange-peel 4 oz., oil of rosemary 3 drs„ oil of mint 1 dr., oil of cloves 7 scruples, neroli 7 scruples, spirit of wine 14 pints. It is used for the same purposes as eau do Cologne. Eait sans Paeeille. Essential oil of lemon | oz., of ber- gamot 2| drs,. of cedrat i oz., rectified spirit 6 pints, spirit of rosemary 8 oz. ; mix. Some authorities state that it is improved by distillation. Eau de Bouquet de Floee. 1. Honey water 2 oz., tinc- ture of cloves 1 oz„ tincture of calamus, of lavender, and of long cyperus, each i oz. ; eau sans pareille 4 oz., spirit of jessamine 9 drs., tincture of orris 1 oz., spirituous essence of neroli 20 drops. 2. Essence of violets | oz., spirit of rosemary | oz., essence of lemon 1 dr., rectified spirit 24 oz., rose water 8oz. 3. Spirit of rosemary 8 oz., rectified spirit 8 oz., lavender water 2 oz., oil of neroli 5 drops, cloves 1 dr., orris root 3 drs., rose water 2 oz. ; digest for a few days, and filter. EsPEiT DE Bouquet. English oil of lavender, oil of cloves and of bergamot, of each 2 drs. ; otto of roses and oil of cinnamon, of each 20 drops ; essence of musk 1 dr., recti- fied spirit, a pint ; mix. Eau de Rosceees. Spirit of roses 4 pints, spirit of jessa- mine a pint, spirit of orange flowers a pint, spirit of ciicumber 2J pints, spirit of celery seed 2i pints, spirit of angelica root 2f pints, tincture of benzoin (simple) f of a pint, balsam of Mecca a few drops. Eau d'Ambee Eoyale. Rectified spirit 2 lbs., tincture of musk seed 1 lb., essence of ambergris 1 oz., tinctm'e of musk 1 oz., reduced with a proper proportion of orange- flower water. EsPEiT DE Suave. Spirit of jessamine Ih pint, spirit of acacia flowers 1^ pint, spirit of wine 12 oz., spirit of tuberose 8 oz., oil of cloves 1^ drs. oil of neroli 30 di-ops, 216 PERFTTMERT essence of bergamot 1^ drs., tincture of musk 1 oz., rose- water 12 oz. Paefum DE3 Eois. Spirit of wine 2 gallons, styrax 6 oz.j benzoin 16 oz., aloes-wood 8 oz., spirit of rose 2 pints, spirit of orange-flowers 2 pints, essence (tincture) of am- bergris 8 oz., tincture of musk 8 oz., tincture of vanilla 16 oz. Odos Delectabilis. Rose water, orange-flower water, eacli 4 oz., oil of lavender, oil of cloves, each 1 dr., oil of ber- gamot 2 drs. musk 2 grains, rectified spirit a pint. New Mown Hat. Ext. Tonquin Bean 2 pints; ext, geranium 1 pint ; ext. orange-flower 1 pint ; ext. rose 1 pint ; ext. rose triple 1 pint ; ext. jessamine 1 pint. Nbw Victoeia Pkefume. Cloves, bruised, 2 scruples; vanilla, cut small, 1 dr. ; oil of cedrat 4 drops, oil of santal 1 dr„ cinnamon 12 grs., oil of verbena 8 drops, otto of roses 8 drops, oil of neroli 20 drops, oil of lavender 1 dr., ambergris 16 grs., tincture of musk 1 dr., rectified spirit 16 fluid oz ; digest for a few days, and filter. Or the whole except the musk and ambergris may be distilled in a water-bath, and these added to the distilled spii'it. Another similar perfume is — Vanilla ^ dr., yellow San- ders 6 drs., cloves No. 16, neroli 3 drops, oil of lavender 6 drops, rectified spirit 4 oz. : digest for 3 days, and add 4 oz. of orange-flower water, water q. s. ; distil 6 oz., add essence of musk 1 dr. Jockey Club Bouqcet. Piessb. Extract of orris root 2 pints, esprit de rose triple 1 pint, esprit de pommade de rose 1 pint, extract of pomade of cassia, and tuberose, i pint each, extract of ambergris ^ pint, oil of bergamot i oz. EsPEiT DE Rose. 1. Macerate the fresh and picked flowers of the most fragrant varieties of the rose, with half their weight of rectified spirit, and distil in a water-bath to dryness. 2. Dissolve from 20 to 30 drops of otto in a pint of rectified spirit. A stronger solution, 6 or 8 drops of otto to an ounce of alcohol, forms essence of roses, or esprit de rose triple. 3. It is also made by agitating and digesting the spirit SPIRITUOrS WATERS 217 with the perfumed oil or pomade of roses. See Extracts, below.) Esprit de Jasmix. Eau de Jasmin. It is prepared by digesting and agitating pure spirit with oil or pomade of jessamine made with the flowers. (See Extracts further on.) Spirit of jonquil, tuberose, ^^olet, &e., may be ob- tained by the same process. Esprit de Violette. Eau de Violette. Macerate 5 oz. of tine orris root in a quart of rectified spirit for some days, and filter. It may also be obtained by the method just mentioned, or by mixing the product of both processes. Eau ODORAXTE DE Jasmin. Compound spirit of Jessamine; for the handkerchief. Spirit of jessamine 1 pint, rectified spirit 1 pint, essence of ambergris a dr., simple tincture of benzoin a dr. Spirit of Orange-flowers, Spirit of Elder-flowers, AND Spirit of Acacia-flowers. Fresh flowers 1 lb., rectified spirit 4 lbs., or pints, water 2 lbs. ; distil 4 lbs., or pints. Spirit of Orange-peel, of Lemon-peel, of Citron, and OF Bergamot. Fresh peel 1 lb, rectified sjiirit 6 lbs. ; macerate for 2 days, and distil in a water-bath to dryness. Or, 1 oz. of the essential oil to 2 pints of spirit. Spirit of Cinnamon, of Cloves, of Nutmeg, and of Calamus Root. Macerate 1 lb. of the bruised drug with 8 lbs., or a gallon, of rectified spirit, and distil as the last. Spirit of Cucumbers. Cucumbers grated 8 lbs., rectified spirit 1 lb. ; distil 2 lbs. Spirit of Rosewood. Rosewood shavings 1 lb. spirit 6 lbs., water 2 lbs. ; distil 6 lbs. It is also made by adding the essential oil of rhodium to spirit. Spirit of Angelica. Dried angelica root 1 lb., rectified spirit a gallon. Macerate, and distil by water-bath to dryness. Spirit of Balsam of Peru. Balsam 3 parts, spirit 15 parts, carbonate of potash 1 part ; macerate for 3 days, and distil by water-bath. Spirit of Steawberries, and of Raspberries. Fresh fruit 3 lbs., rectified spirit 1 lb. ; macerate 24 hours, and distil 2 lbs. 218 PERFUMERY The following tinctures are chiefly used in the compound perfumes : Tincture of Baisam of Perit, and of Toltj. Digest 1 oz. of the balsam -u-ith 8 of rectified spirit for some days, shaking it occasionally, then filter. Tincture of benzoin in the same manner. Tincture of Angelica. One part of the dried root to 8 of rectified spirit ; as the last. Tincture (common spirituous essence) of Lemon, Citron, Orange, and Bekgamot. An ounce of the fresh peel to i pint of spirit, as above. Tincture of Musk Seed. Essence d' Amhrelte. Digest 16 oz. of bruised musk seed with 3 phits of rectified spirit for a month, and filter. Tincture of Musk. China musk 2 drs., rectified spirit 16 oz. For more compound tinctures of musk, see Essence OF Musk, below. Tincture or Essence of Ambergris. Guibourt directs 1 dr. of ambergris to be digested with a gentle heat in 3 oz. of rectified spirit. Another form is : Ambergris 1 dr., carbonate of potash 1 dr., spirit of roses 4 oz. (or rectified sj^irit 4 oz., otto 6 drops). Some recipes direct a weaker solution : 24 grs. of ambergris to 8 oz. of spirits. For other formula?, see Essence, below. Tincture of Civet. Bruise J oz. of civet, i oz. of amber- gris, and the same of sugar candy, and macerate in a quart of rectified spirit for 6 weeks, in a warm place ; then filter. Tincture or Essence of Vanilla. Vanilla cut very small 2 oz., rectified spirit a pint ; infuse for 2 or 3 weeks. This is sometimes distilled, forming spirit of vanilla. Tincture of Rhodium. Eosewood 1 lb., rectified spirit 3 or 4 pints ; macerate for 3 or 4 weeks, and filter. Essence (or Tincture) of Vetiter. Take 2 lbs. of the root of vittie vayr cut small, and moisten it with a little water ; let it macerate for 24 hours, then beat it in a marble mortar. Macerate it in svifficient spirit to cover it, for 8 or 10 days, and strain \\ith pressure : filter through paper, and in a fortnight repeat the filtration. Some- times the root is moistened with diluted sulphuric acid, which, after maceration, is neutralized by adding a sufla- ESSENCES 219 cient quantity of chalk, and the whole digested with spirit. The tincture when strained off, is distilled, and forms (with the addition of essence of balm and of roses) Essence de Vetiver double. Essence of Patchouli. Dried patchouli (pucha pat) 1 oz., rectified spirit a pint. It is generally combined with other perfumes. Extracts (cxtraits) are spirituous solutions of the odorous principle of flowers, obtained, indirectly, by agitating and digesting oils and pomatums which have been perfumed by' tlie flowers (see Huiles Antiques, under _Hais Cos- metics) with pure spirit. This is repeated with fresh oil until the spirit is sufliciently perfumed. Wlien the same oil or pomade is treated with fresh spirit, inferior extracts, numbered 2, 3, &c., are obtained. These preparations are chiefly made in France. EXTIIACTS (EXTRAITS, or ESPEITS) OF JESSAMINE, ViOLETS, Lily of the Valley, are prepared by the process just mentioned. EXTEAIT DE Bouquet. Spirit (extrait) of jessamine 2 quarts, extract of violets 2 quarts, spirit of acacia-flowers, of rose, and of orange-flowers, each a quart, spirit of car- nations a quart, flowers of benzoin | oz., essence of am- bergris 1 oz. Exteait de Maeeschale. Essence of millefleurs Ih oz., essence of jessamine 1 oz., essence of musk ^ oz., essence of ambergris i oz„ essence of cedrat 20 drops, essence of violets 1 oz., sweet spirits of nitre 50 drops, true oil of rosemary 20 di-ops, rectified spirit 6 oz., oil of neroli 48 drops. Set aside for some time. Compound Essences. Some of these contain a preparation of the substance whose name they bear, while others are fictitious or imitative, being made up of a variety of other essences and volatile oils. Several of the formula are those of M. Piesse. Essence of Ambeeoeis. This name is applied both to the simple and compound tinctures of ambergris. See Tincture of Ambeegeis, above. Other formula may here be given. 1. Ambergris 4 oz., musk 2 oz., tincture of musk seed 7 pints. Digest with a gentle heat. 220 PEErtJMEBY 2. Ambergris 1 dr., musk i dr., oil of cinnamon 18 drops, oil of rhodium 12 drojjs, rectified spirit 8 oz., spirit of roses 4 oz., carbonate of potash li drs., digest in a warm place for a few days, and strain. See also Essence ROYAIE. Essence of Cbdeat. Dissolve 2i oz. of oil of cedrat in 1 gallon of spirit, and add bergamot i oz. Essence of Clove Pink. Esprit de rose $ pint, de fleur, d'orange, and de fleur de cassie, each \ pint, esprit de vanille 2 oz., oil of cloves 10 drops. Cologne Essence. Oil of bergamot 2 drs., essence of lemon i dr., essence of cedrat i dr., true oil of rosemary 15 drops, rectified spirit (or spirit of balm) li- oz. Essence of Heliotrope. Spirituous extract of vanilla i pint, of French rose-pomatum t pint, of orange- flower, pomatum 2 oz., of ambergris 1 oz. ; add 5 drops of the essential oil of almonds. Essence of Honeysuckle. Spirituous extract of rose poma- tum 1 pint, of violet 1 pint, of tuberose 1 pint ; extracts of vanilla and tolu, of each 1 pint ; oil of neroli 10 drops, essential oil of almonds 5 drops. Essence of Hovenia. Rectified spirit 1 quart, rose-water i pint, essential oil of lemons ^ oz., otto of roses 1 dr., oil of cloves i dr., oil of neroli 10 drops. Essence of Jonquil. Spirituous extract of jasmine pomade 1 pint, of tuberose 1 pint, of orange-flower ^ pint ; add extract of vanilla 2 oz. Essence of Lilt of the Valley. Mix the following extracts : of tuberose J pint, of jasmin 2 oz., of orange- flovyer 2 oz., of vanilla 3 oz., of cassia i pint, of rose-water i pint : add 3 drops of hydrocyanic acid. Keep together for a month, then bottle. Essence of Magnolia. Spirituous extract of orange-flower pomatum 1 pint, of rose pomatum 2 pints, of tuberose pomatum ^ pint, of violet pomatum ^ pint ; essential oil of citron 2 drs., and essential oil of almonds 10 drops. Essence of Mignonette. Digest 1 lb. of pomade de rezeda in rectified spirit 1 pint for i4 days ; filter off, and add 1 oz. of extrait d'ambre. Essence of Moss Rose. Spirituous extract of French rose I pomatum 1 quart, esprit de rose triple 1 pint, extract of COMPOUND ESSENCES 221 orange-flower pomatum 1 pint, of ambergris ^ pint, and of musk 4 oz. Essence of Myrtle. Take the following extracts : of vanilla i pint, of roses 1 pint, of orange-flower ^ pint, of tuberose i pint, of jasmin 2 oz. Mix, and allow to stand for a fortnight. Essence of Musk. Tincture of musk, of various strengths. The formula given above (tincture of musk) is that of the Dublin Pharmacopoeia, 1826. Guibouet directs 1 part of musk to 12 of proof spirit. Other authorities direct a smaller quantity of musk. A French work gives the following: Musk in the [bag, cut small 6 oz., civet 1 oz., tincture of musk seed 7 pints ; digest in the sun, or in a warm place for 2 months. Essence of Patchouli. Oil of patchouli 1^ oz., otto of rose i oz., rectifled spirit 1 gallon. Essence of Rondelbtia. Essence of bergamot, essence of lemon, oil of cloves, each 1 dr., otto of roses 6 drops rectified spirit 1 pint. Essence Rotale. Ambergris 1 dr., civet 15 grs., musk 30 grs., carbonate of potash 20 grs., ; triturate together, and add oil of cinnamon 10 drops, oil of rhodium, and of ueroli, 6 drops, otto of roses 6 drops, rectified spirit t pint ; digest, and filter. Essence of Sweet Beiar. Spirituous extracts of French rose pomatum 1 pint, of cassia and orange flowers, each i pint, esprit de rose i pint, with oils of neroli and lemon- grass, of each ^ dr. Essence of Sweet Pea. Essences of tuberose, orange- flower, and rose-pomatum, each i pint, with essence of vanilla 1 oz. Essence of Veebena. Essential oil of verbena 2 drs., rec- tified spirit 4 oz., essence of ambergris ^ tlr., orange-flower water ^ oz. ; mix. Another form is : Oil of verbena ^ oz., essence of vanilla 40 drops, rectified spirit 4 oz. : mix and filter. Essence of White Lilac. Spirituous extract of tuberose pomade 1 pint, of orange-flower pomade | pint ; add essen- tial oil of almonds 3 drops, and extract of civet i oz. Fbangipanni Bouquet. Essence of vetiver 3 oz., ol. neroli 15 minims, oil of sandal wood i dr., otto of rose 40 minims. 222 perfttmeut essence of musk 3 drs., esprit de \-iolette 3 oz., essence of ambergris 6 drs., rectified spirit to make up 20.oz. — Piesse. Essences toe Scenting Pomatuu. — Millefleiir : Oil of lemon 3 oz., essence of ambergris 4 oz., oil of cloves 2 oz., oil of lavender 2 oz. — Coivslip : Essence of bergamot 16 oz., essence of lemon 8 oz., oil of cloves 4 oz., oil of orange-peel 2 oz., oil of jessamine 2 drs., eau de bouquet 2 oz., oil of bitter almonds 16 drops. — For general use : Essence of bergamot 16 oz., essence of lemon 8 oz., true oil of origanum and oil of cloves, each 2 oz., oil of orange- peel, li oz. MiSTUBA Odobata. Rectified spirit 48 oz., tincture of benzoin 4 oz., tincture of vanilla i oz., tincture of musk i oz., balsam of Peru i oz., oil of cloves, of mace, and of cinnamon, eacb ^ oz., oil of bergamot 1 oz., oil of cedrat 2 oz. — GlESEE. Scent pob Snuff. Oil of lavender 2 drs., essence of lemon 4 drs., essence of bergamot 1 oz. : mix. [1 dr. with 8 oz. of fine Scotch snuff, constitutes Queen's Snuff.] [The following Essences, Spirits, and Waters are given as specimens of some of the cheaper perfumes, as made in France.] Essences (SpiEiTTjoirs). JEssenee {Spirituous) of Neroli. Spirit of wine J pint, orange-peel cut small 3 oz., orris-root in powder, 1 dr., musk 2 grs. ; let it stand in a warm place for 3 days, and filter. Essence of Lemon, Spirit of wine \ pint, fresh lemon-peel 4 oz., as above. Essence of Bergamot. Spirit of wine i pint, bergamot-peel 4 oz. ; as above. JEssenee of Violets. Spirit of wine i pint, orris root 1 oz. Essence of Cedrat. Essence of bergamot (as above) 1 oz., essence of neroli 2 drs. Essence of Jessamine. Essence of violets 1 oz., essence of cedrat 2 drs. Essence of Music. Spirit of wine ^ pint, musk 16 grs. Essence of Ambergris. Spirit of \\\ne i pint, ambergris 24 grs. SPIRITS 223 Essence of Cloves. Spirit of wine \ pint, bruised cloves 1 oz. Other essences in the same manner. Spirits. Spirit of Rose. Spirit of wine ^ pint, otto 6 drops. Spirit of Jessamine. Spirit of \\-ine i pint, essence of jessamine (as above) a drachm. Spirit of Orange. Spirit of wine i pint, essence of orange, or neroli, a drachm. Spirit of Lavender. Spirit of wine \ pint, essential oil of lavender a drachm. Spirit of Musk. Spirit of wine | pint, essence of musk a drachm. Others in a similar manner. Simple Watees. Rose Wafer. Distilled or rain water | pint, spirit of roses a drachm. Jessamine Wafer, Husk Water, Violet, Orangeflower Water, ^c, by adding a dr. of the above spirits to § pint of water. AMMONIATED PERFUMES. AMMO^'IATED Cologne Wateb. A fragrant and reviving substitute for Spirit of Sal Volatile. Chloride of ammonium 5 drs., carbonate of potash 8 drs., eau de Cologne 12 oz., essential oil of ccdrat and of bergamot, of each 15 drops (dissolved in an oz. of rectified spirit), orange-flower water 8 oz. ,• mix, and carefully distil 15 or 16 oz. Eau de Luce. Mastic 2 drs., rectified spirit 9 drs. ; dissolve and add to the clear tincture 30 drops of oil of lavender, 10 drops of bergamot, and a pint of strong water of am- monia. This is more agreeable than the compound of the London Pharmacopoeia, which, however, should always be used when prescribed medicinally. EssEXCE FOB Smelling Salts. 1. English oil of lavender and essence of bergamot, of each a dr., oil of orange-peel, or of cedrat, 8 drops, oil of cinnaHion 4 drops, oil of neroli 2 drops, alcohol, and strongest water of ammonia, of each 2 oz. (or 4 oz. of strong ammoniated alcohol). 224i PERFUMEET 2. Amnioniated alcohol 12 fluid oz. English oil of lavender, essence of bergamot and essence of lemon, of each a dr., cloves ^ dr., camphor ^ oz., macerate for a week, and filter. — Mr. Maggs. 3. Essence of ambergris and musk 4 drs., otto of rose 20 drops,'oil of lavender 1 dr., ammoniated alcohol 10 oz. ; mix, and add strongest liquor ammonia 10 oz. — Phaem. JoUE. Smelling Salts. Sesquicarbonate of ammonia 40 oz., broken into small pieces not larger than a filbert, put into an air-tight ^-gallon jar ; pour over it 20 oz. strong solu- tion of ammonia (sp. gr. 'SSO) pre^'iously perfumed accord- ing to taste, and immediately fix on the lid of the jar, tak- ing care that it is properly secured. Keep in a cool place, opening and stirring with a stiff spatula every other day for a week ; allow it now to remain for 2 or 3 weeks, at the end of which time it will have become hard. — Mr. Allchin. Godfeey's Smellixg Salts. Dr. Paris says it is prepared by resubliming volatile salts with carbonate of potash and a little spirit of wine. It is usually scented with an alcoholic solution of essential oils. ACETIC PERFUMES. Abomatic Spieit of Vinegae. 1. strong acetic acid 16 oz., camphor 1 oz. ; when dissolved, add 1 oz. each of essential oils of cloves, lavender, and lemon. This is said to resemble Hexet's. 2. Glacial acetic acid 8 oz., true oil of rosemary 20 grs., of bergamot 15 grs., of lavender 9 grs., of cloves 24 grs., neroli 4 grs., cinnamon 20 ; dissolve the oils iu 2 drs. of rec- tified spirit. For another formula, see Pocket Formulary. Aromatic Vinegars are made in France by infusing various flowers, &c., in distilled or finest wine vinegars, with or without the addition of spirit. Others are made by dis- tillation. As they are seldom required in this country, a few examples only will suflice. Rose Vinegae. Red roses, picked and dried, J lb., best vinegar 8 lbs. ; macerate for a fortnight, with occasional stirring, and strain ; then filter. Lavender Vinegae. Fresh lavender-flowers 1 lb., vinegar ACETIC PEEFUMES 22S 12 lbs. Macerate as above. It is sometimes distilled, drawing off 8 lbs. Distilled Rose Vinegar. Pale roses, dried, 2 lbs., distilled vinegar 8 lbs. Distil tliree fourtlis by sand-bath, and add 2 lbs. of spirit of roses. It is occasionally coloured mtb cochineal, and used as a cosmetic. Toilet Vinegar. Dried rose leaves 4 oz., otto of roses 90 drops, rectified spirit 10 oz., dilute acetic acid 40 oz. Ma- cerate in a closed vessel for 14 days. — Piessb. ViNAiGRE DE BuLLT. Esseucc of bergamot 40 drops; essence of lemon 30 drops j oil of rosemary 20 drops ; oil of balm 6 drops ; oil of cloves, oil of lavender, oil of neroli, of each 4 drops ; dissolve in rectified spirit 9 oz. ; then mix with tincture of benzoin ; tincture of sty rax ; tincture of Tolu, of each 1 drachm ; distilled water 14 oz. ; diluted acetic acid 5 oz. Mix well, let stand, and filter. — Langbeck. Orange-flower Vinegar. Fresh orange-flowers 1^ lbs., distilled ^■inegar 8 lbs., spirit of orange-flowers 1 lb. Mace- rate for 12 days, strain and filter. ViNAiGRE Virginal. Benzoin in powder 2 oz., rectified spirit 8 oz., white vinegar 2 lbs. Digest the benzoin in the spirit for 6 days, strain, and add the vinegar to the residue ; macerate for 6 days, decant, and add to it the tincture. The next day filter. It is chiefly used aa a cosmetic. ViNAiGRE DE COLOGNE. To each pint of eau de Cologne add an ounce of strong acetic acid. ViNAiGRE DE JouvENCE. Spirit of cucumber 4 oz., spirit of storax 2 lbs., strong vinegar 8 lbs. ViNAiGRE DE Flore. Equal parts of rose vinegar, viuaigre virginal, and orange-flower vinegar. ViNAiGRE DES Qfatre Volkurs. Thieves' vinegar. Dried tops of large and small (pontic) wormwood, rosemary, sage, mint, rue, lavender-flowers, of each 2 oz. j calamus root, cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, garlic, of each i oz. ; camphor \ oz., concentrated acetic acid 2 oz., strong vine- gar 8 lbs. Macerate the herbs, &c., in the vhicgar for a fortnight, strain, press, and add the camphor dissolved in the acetic acid. 15 226 PEBFT7MEEY POT POURRI; SCEXTED POWDERS; SACHETS OR SCENT BAGS; SCENT BALLS, PASTILS, &c. Pot Poueei. 1. Gather in the season the petals of the most fragrant kinds -of roses (witli which other flowers may be mixed, at pleasure, in small proportion) ; spread them out to dry in the sun, or in a warm room, sprinkle a little salt on them, and put them into a jar, in which they are to be kept covered up till wanted for use. Take of these rose leaves 4 oz., dried la^■ender flowers 8 oz., vanilla, cloves, storax, and benzoin, all bruised, of each 1 dr., ambergris 20 grs., otto of roses 20 drops. Mix. 2. Calamus root, yellow sanders, of each 1 oz., vanilla 1 dr., musk 8 grs., ambergris 8 grs., cascarilla 1 oz., orris root 3 oz., cinnamon 1 oz., lavender flowers 1 oz., styi'ax 2 drs., benzoin 2 drs., cloves 2 drs., coriander seed 1 oz., nutmegs 2 di's., otto of roses 20 drops, oil of neroli 10 drops. The dry ingredients to be coarsely bruised. Mix. 3. French. Take the petals of the pale and red roses, puiks, violets, moss rose, orange-flower, lily of the valley, acacia flowers, clove-gilliflowers, mignonette, heliotrope, jonquils; with a small proportion of the flowers of myrtle, balm, rosemary, and thyme ; spread them out for some days, and as they become dry, jDut them into a jar with alternate layers of dry salt, mixed with orris powder, till the vessel is full. Close it for a month, then stir the whole up, and moisten it with rose-water. 4. Orris root 16 oz., dried acacia flowers 8 oz., dried bergamot-peel 2 oz., musk seed i oz., cloves \ oz. ; pound them together. 5. Dry rose leaves quickly on a ■nicker tray, in a warm place. To a pint of the petals add powdered orris 2 oz., pimento i oz., cascarilla 5 oz., musk 2 grs., otto of roses 2 drops, bruised cloves i oz. Sachets oe Scent Bags. The pot pourrl No. 2 or 4 may be put into bags, alone, or with any perfume to increase the strength. Or coarsely powdered patchouli (a herb of the Pogostemon genus) may be used, with any other per- fume. Or the bags may be filled with carded cotton mixed with any of the following scented powders. I SCENTED POWDEBS, BALLS, ETC.' 227 SCE>'TED POWDEES, BaLIS, &C. Eose. Powdered starch 3 oz., carmine to colour, otto of roses 3 drops, orris powder 1 oz. Violet. Orris powder 4 oz., essence of bergamot 20 drops, essence of ambergris 20 drops. Foudre de Chi/pre. Oak-moss is macerated in clean water for a day or two, and strongly pressed in a cloth ; it is then moistened with rose-water mixed with a third of orange-flower water for two days, pressed, and pulverized. It serves as a basis for other perfumes, the power of which it is said to increase. Poudre a la Mousseline. Orris root 16 oz., coriander-seed 8 oz., musk-seed 2 oz., cinnaiuon, cloves, and sandal-wood, each 1 oz., star aniseed i oz., mace, ginger, and violet ebony, of each 2 oz. ; beat them to a powder, and pass through a sieve. Foudre a I' (Fillet . Red roses 48 oz., orris 48 oz., cloves 6 oz., bergamot-peel 20 oz., musk seed 24 oz., cinnamon 6 oz., long cyperus 6 oz., pale roses 26 oz., di'ied acacia flowers, orange flowers, and clove stalks, of each 8 oz. Foudre a la Mareschale. Oak moss in powder 2 lbs., plain starch powder 1 lb., cloves 1 oz., calamus 2 oz., cyperus 2 oz., rotten oak-wood powder 2 oz. ; mix. — Gray. Fortugal. Dried orange-peel 1 oz., di'ied bergamot-peel, | oz., cloves 4 oz., storax 1 dr., ambergi'is 8.grs., benzoin a drachm, musk seed a scruple, musk 4 grs. Scented Balls, Medallioxs, &c. Fastilles de Toilette odorantes. These consist of perfumed powdei-s made into a paste, and moulded to any desired form before drjing. The above scent powders beaten up with mucilage of tra- gacanth wiU answer the purpose ; or the following : 1. Beat the fresh petals of red roses in an iron mortar to a smooth paste, with a few drops of essence of amber- gris, or other suitable perfume. It becomes sufficiently smooth to take a polish. 2. Powdered orris, oak moss, and poudre de mousseline, of each 1 oz; lamp-black, or other colour, q. s. Form into a stiff paste, with a .jelly made of 6 di's. of isinglass, 2 of tragacanth, and boiling water q. s. Make it into beads 223 fElllPtJMEEY by means of a pill-maclihie, or into any ornamental form by moulds. 3. Jessamine flowers 1 oz., powdered gum tragacauth ^ oz., vermilion 2 oz. 4. Yellow Sanders, cyperus, cloves, balsam of Peru, of each 2 drs., benzoin and styrax, of each 5 oz., musk and civet, of each 10 grs., oil of cinnamon 5 drops, oil of rhodium 15 drops, essence of jessamine 1 dr., neroli 20 drops, ivory- black li oz., Paris plaster 2 oz., mucilage of tragacanth, made with rose-water, q. s. As the last. Pastils for BuRNiNa. 1. Yellow sanders 3 oz., styrax 4 oz., benzoin 3 oz., olibanum 6 oz., cascarilla 6 oz., am- bergris 1 dr., Penivian balsam 2 drs., myrrh 1^ oz., nitre li oz., oil of cinnamon 20 drops, oil of cloves ^ dr., otto 30 to 60 drops, oil of lavender I4 drs., balsam of Tolu l.J oz., camphor ^ oz., strong acetic acid 2 oz., charcoal 3 lbs. ; mix s. a., and beat into a paste with mucilage of traga- canth, and form into conical pastils. A second and third quality may be made by using, respectively, 4 and 5 lbs. instead of 3 lbs. of charcoal. These are highly approved, but rather expensive. 2. {Clous fumans of the French Codex.) Benzoin 2 oz., balsam of Tolu \ oz., labdanum 1 dr., yellow sanders | oz., light charcoal 6 oz., nitre 4 oz., mucilage of tragacanth q. s. Reduce the substances to powder, and form into a paste with the mucilage, and divide into small cones with a tripod base. 3. Powdered cascarilla 8 oz., benzoin 4 oz., yellow san- . ders 2 oz., styrax calamita 2 oz., olibanum 2 oz., charcoal 3 lbs., nitre IJ oz., mucilage of tragacanth q. s. 4. Benzoin 1 oz., cascarilla 1 oz., myrrh 8 scruples, oil of nutmeg 4 scruples, oil of cloves 4 scruples, nitre I oz., charcoal 6 oz., mucilage of tragacanth, q. s. — Dr. Paris. 1XCE5SE. 1. Styrax 2\ oz., benzoin 12 oz., musk 15 grains, burnt sugar \ oz., frankincense 2i oz., gum traga- canth Ij oz., rose water sufficient to form a miss; to be divided into small tablets. — Mr. Astley. 2. Powdered cascarilla 2 oz., myrrh, styrax, benzoin, thus. Burgundy pitch, each 1 oz. Mix.— Mr. Atkins (Ph. Journal), PASTILS 229 Mouth Pastils. Dry compounds for perfuming or correct- ing the breath. Caehou Aromatise. The basis of these compounds, as the name implies, was originally catechu, with which va- rious odoriferous substances were combined. The cutechn, however, is now often omitted. The following are some of the most approved forms : _ 1. Extract of liquorice 3 oz., oil of cloves 1\ drs., oil of cinnamon 15 drops : mix, and divide into one-grain pills, and silver them. 2. (M. Chetaxlier's.) Chocolate powder and ground coffee, of each 1^ oz., prepared charcoal 1 oz., sugar 1 oz., vanilla (pulverised with the sugar) 1 oz., mucilage q. s. Make into lozenges of any form, of which 6 to 8 may be used daily to disinfect the breath. 3. Caehou de Bologne. Bologna Catechu. Extract of liquorice 3 oz., water 3 oz., dissolve by heat in a water- bath, and add catechu 1 oz., gum arable i oz. ; evaporate to the consistence of an extract, and add (in powder) i dr. each of mastic, cascarilla, charcoal, and orris : remove from the fire, and add oil of peppermint i dr., essence of ambergris and essence of musk each 5 drops ; roll it flat on an oiled marble slab, and cut it into very small lozenges. [Or it may be rolled into small pills, and silvered. They are chiefly used by smokers.] _ 4. Catechu 7 drs., orris powder 40 grains, sugar 3 oz., oil of rosemary (or of peppermint, cloves, or cinnamon) 4 drops, or q. s. Proceed as for the last. 5. Caehou Aromatise. Extract of liquorice and water, of each 3^ oz. ; dissolve in a water-bath, and add Bengal catechu in powder, 462 gi-ains, and gum arable in powder 231 grains ; evaporate to an extract, and then Incorporate the following substances, first reduced to a fine powder : — Mastic, cascarilla, charcoal, and orris root, of each 30 grains; melt the mass to a proper consistence, remove it from the fire, and then add English oil of peppermint 30 drops, tinctures of ambergris and musk, of each 5 drops ; pour it now on an oiled slab, and spread it out, by means of a roller, to the thickness of a sixpenny piece. When cool, apply some folds of blotting-paper to absorb any adherent oil, moisten jthe surface with water, and cover i^ 230 PERFUMERY with sheets of silver leaf. Allow it to dry, and finally divide it into thin strips, and these again into small pieces, about the size of a fenugreek seed. — (Journal de Phar- macie.) Pastils oe Lozenges, with chlorine, for disinfecting the breath. 1. Sugar flavoured with vanilla 1 oz., powdered tragacanth 20 grs., liquid chloride of soda q. s., any essen- tial oil 2 drops. Form a paste, and divide into lozenges of 15 grs. each. 2. Dry chloride of lime 2 drs., sugar 8 oz., starch 1 oz., gum tragacanth 1 dr., carmine 2 grs. Form into small lozenges. SKIN COSMETICS. WASHES FOE THE FACE, &c. Aqua Cosmetica. Cosmetic Lotion. 1. Emulsion of bitter almoncls 3 oz. ; rose and orange-flower water, of each 4 oz. ; borax 1 dr., tincture of benzoin 2 drs. ; mix. — Dr. Copland. 2. Elder-flower water a pint, borax ^ oz., can de Cologne 1 oz. ; mix. Kaltdor. The following is said to resemble Kalydor and Gowland's lotion. Bitter almonds blanched 1 oz., cor- rosive sublimate 8 grs., rose water 16 oz. Milk of Roses. Sweet almonds 5 oz., bitter almonds 1 oz., rose-water 2^ pints, white curd soap ^ oz., oil of almonds i oz., spermaceti 2 oz., white wax i oz., English oil of lavender 20 drops, otto of roses 20 drops, rectified spirit a pint. Blanch the almonds, and beat them with the soap and a little of the rose-water. Melt together the oil of almonds, spermaceti, and white wax, and mix with the former into a cream, and strain it through fine muslin. Then add gradually the remaining rose-water, and lastly the spirit, with the essential oils dissolved therein. 2. A common kind is made by mixing 1 oz. of fine olive oil with ten drops of oil of tartar, and a pint of rose- water. 3. Bitter almonds 6 drs., sweet almonds 12 drs., blanch, dry, and beat up with 1 dr. of Castile soap; gradually adding 15 grs. of spermaceti, 30 gi-s. of white wax, and a dr. of almond oil, melted together. When thoroughly incorporated, add gradually six drops of otto of roses, dis- solved in 6 oz. of rectified spirit, and 14 oz. of distilled water. Milk of Cfcumbees. In the same manner as milk of roses, substituting juice of cucumbers for the rose-water. 232 SKIN COSMETICS Milk of Hou8eleee;. As milk of roses, No. 1, substi- tuting expressed juice of houseleek for a pint of the rose- water. Alibeet's Cosmhtic. Cucumber pomade (see below) 3 oz., almond soap 1 oz., rose water a quart. Mix the pomade and soap, ajid add the rose water gradually. Siemmeeling's Cosmetic. Make an emulsion with 1 oz. of sweet almonds, ^ oz. bitter almonds, black cherry-water 10 oz. ; and bichloride of mercury 5 grs., tincture of benzoin 5 drs., lemon iuice i oz. Witheeing's (Dr.) Cosmetic. An infusion of horseradish in milk. Lait Viegtnal. Virgin's Milk. Simple tincture of ben- zoin 2 drs., orange-flower water 8 oz. It may be varied by using rose or elder-flower water. Lait de Feaichette. Double rose-water 8 oz., tincture of benzoin 4 drs., balsam of Mecca ^ oz. Schcbaeth's Cosmetic Emulsiojt. Almond emulsion (made with rose-water) 8 oz., tincture of benzoin 3 drs. Italian Cosmetic "Wash. Melilot water 12 oz., tincture of benzoin 2 drs. AuGrsTiN's. Rose water 8 oz., salt of tartar 2 drs., tincture of benzoin 3 drs. Kittoe's Lotion foe Feeckles. 1. Chloride of ammonium 1 dr., spring-wat€r a pint, lavender-water 2 drs. Apply with a sponge 2 or 3 times a day. 2. Sulpho-carbolate of zinc 2 parts, glycerine 25 parts, rose water 25 parts, eau de Cologne 5 parts. Lemon Ceeam foe Sxtneuens, Feeckles, &c. Sweet cream 1 oz., new milk 8 oz., juice of lemon, brandy, or eau de Cologne 1 oz., alum 1 oz., sugar 1 dr. Boil and skim. Buttermilk is used for the same purpose. Lemon Emeeocation foe Feeckles, &c. Borax 15 grs., lemon juice 1 oz., sugar candy i dr. ; mix the powders with the juice, and let them stand in the bottle, shaking occa- sionally, till they are dissolved. PASTES, POMADES, COLD CREAMS, LIP-SALVE, &c. Pommadb de Bbatjt£. Melt together in an earthen vessel placed in hot water, white wax IJ drs., spermaceti 2 dis., PASTES, POMADES, COLD CREAMS, ETC. 233 oil of sweet almonds 2 oz., virgin olive oil i oz., oil of poppies i oz. ; beat them with a few drops of balsam of Pern. CucuMBEH Pomatum, for softening and cooling the slcin. Clarified lard 4 lbs., veal suet 1 lb., juice of cucumbers 3 lbs. ; melt the two former together, then beat them up assiduously with the juice. Next day, pour off the juice that has separated, and add the same quantity of fresh to the melted pomade. Repeat this six times, or imtil the pomade is sufficiently imbued with the odour of ciicnm- bers. Then melt the pomade by a water-bath, and mix with it 3 drs. of powdered white starch ; let it settle, and before it is too cold, pour it ofP into small pots, taking care not to disturb the dregs. See Unguentum Citcumis, Pocket Formulary. POMMADE d'Hebe. Incorporate together juice of lily-bulbs 2 oz., Narbonne honey 2 oz., white wax 1 oz., rose-water 3 drs. ; melt the wax with a gentle heat, and add the other ingredients. To be applied at night, and not wiped ofE till morning. To remove wrinJcles. Probably cod-liver oil, used externally and internally, would be a more successful though less agreeable remedy. Pate Divine de Venus. Mix equal parts of washed lard, fresh butter, and white honey j add balsam of Mecca and otto of roses, to perfume. PoMMADE DE NiNON. Oil of sweet almonds 4 oz., washed lard 3 oz., juice of houseleek 3 oz. ; mix. Softening and cooling. POMMADE EN Creme. Melt together 1 dr. each of white wax and spermaceti, add oil of sweet almonds 2 oz. ; pour it into a warm mortar, and gradually stir in 5 oz. of rose or other perfumed water, and 1 dr. of tincture of Tolu. Lemon Cbeam. Melt together 2 drs. of spermaceti and 1 oz. of oil of almonds; and as it cools, stir in 16 drops of essence of lemon. Com Cbeam. 1. Oil of almonds 16 oz., white wax 4 oz., melt together in an earthen vessel, and when nearly cold, stir in, by little and little, 12 oz. of rose water, 2. Melt together white wax 2 oz., oil of almonds 8 oz., 234 SKIN COSMETICS and stir in 4 oz. of rose-water. Next day add 6 drops of otto of roses. 3. "WTiite wax and spermaceti, of each ^ oz., oil of almonds 4 oz., orange-flower water 2 oz. j mix s. a. 4. As No. 3, but without the orange-flower water. 5. Lard 16 oz., white wax 2 oz., olive oil 1 oz., magis- tery of bismuth 1 oz. 6. White wax 1 oz., almond or olive oil 1 oz., rose-water 1 oz., glycerin 2 drs. N.B. Those cold creams are generally preferred for pre- sent use which contain rose or other water, but they keep longer without them. Geantjlated Cold Cream. Melt together 1 oz. each of white wax and spermaceti, with 3 oz. of almond oil; when a little cooled, pour the mixture into a large Wedgewood mortar pre\"iously warmed, and containing about a pint of warm water. Stir briskly until the cream is M-ell divided, add sufficient otto of roses to scent it, and pour the whole suddenly into a clean vessel containing 8 or 10 pints of cold water. Throw the whole on muslin, and shake out as much water as possible. — Mr. Owen, Dublin. PoMMADE Divine. Put 3 lbs. of beef marrow into an eartlien vessel, and cover it with cold water, changing the water daily for a few days, and usmg rose-water the last day; press out the water and add to the marrow, styrax calamita, benzoin, Chio turpentine, each 4 oz. ; orris powder 1 oz. ; powdered cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, of each ^ oz. Place them in a well-tinned vessel in a water-bath, and keep the water boiling for three hours ; then strain. AxMOND Paste FOB THE Skin. 1. Powdered bitter almonds 4 oz., white of egg 1 oz., beat them well together to a smooth paste, with eqvial parts of spirits of wine and rose- water. 2. Sweet and bitter almonds, blanched, of each 2 oz. ; spermaceti 2 drs., oil of almonds 5 oz. ; Windsor soap i oz. ; rose-water 1 oz., or q. s. ; otto of roses, and oil of bergamot, of each 12 drops. 3. (Camphorated.) To either of the above add 2 drs. of PASTES, POMADES, COLD CEEAMS, ETC. 235 po-wdered camphor. A few drops of oil of bitter almonds may be substituted for the otto and bergamot. 4. {French.) Blanch 12 oz. of bitter almonds and beat them in a mortar with a small quantity of rose or other water to a smooth paste; then add 7 oz. of rice flour, 3 oz. of bean flour, 1 oz. of orris powder, and when per- fectly mixed, \ oz. of carbonate of potash dissolved in rose-water ; again beat together, and add 3 oz of spiritu- ous essence of jessamine, 2 drops of oil of rhodium, and 1 of neroli. Almond and Honey Paste. Fine honey may be added to either of the preceding ; or mix 16 oz. of clarified honey with 16 oz. of bitter almond powder ; and add gradually, in alternate portions, 32 oz. of oil of almonds, and the yolks of 5 eggs. Honey Paste. Pdte au Miel. It is sometimes made as the lastj or by mixing clarified honey with cold cream, or some similar compound. Camphor Balis, for rubbing on the hands, after washing them, to prevent chaps, &c. 1. Melt 3 drs. of spermaceti, and 4 drs. of white wax, with 1 oz. of almond oil, and stir in 3 drs. of powdered camphor. Pour the compound into small gallipots, so as to form hemispherical cakes. They may be coloured with alkanet, &c. 2. Lard 3 oz., white wax 2 oz., camphor \ oz. 3. Spermaceti 3 oz., white wax 1 oz., olive oil 4 oz. ; melt together, and add 1^ oz. of powdered camphor, and stir it well. ■ 4. Melt 3 drs. of spermaceti, and 4 drs. of white wax, with 1 oz. of almond oil, and stir in 3 drs. of powdered camphor. Camphob Ice. Melt 1 dr. of spermaceti with 1 oz. of almond oil, and add 1 dr. of powdered camphor. Almond Powdee. (Cosmetic.) This is prepared by grind- ing the marc or cake left after expressing the oil from sweet or bitter almonds. It is sometimes perfumed, and mixed \vith other ingredients. It is used for cleansing the skin, and is less irritating than soap. Almond Wash Po-wdkr. 1. Almond powder (from ex- pressed bitter almonds) 16 oz., rice flour 2 oz., powdered 236 SKIX COSMETICS soap 1 oz., orris powder 1 oz., bergamot or otlier scent q. p. 2. Almond powder (as above) 16 oz., powdered benzoin i oz., oil of bitter almonds 10 drops. For cleaning the hands and removing any unpleasant smell. To render it more detergent, 4 oz. of fine sand, or powdered pumice- stone may be added. 3. Geouxd MrsTAED, mixed with a little water and rubbed over the hands, removes strong odours from tliem. Linseed meal answers the same purpose. Rose Lip Saive. 1. Oil of almonds 3 oz., alkanet \ oz. ; digest with a gentle heat, and filter. Melt IJ oz. white wax and 2- oz. spermaceti ^vith the filtered oil, stir it until it begins to thicken, and add from 12 to 36 drops of otto of roses. 2. Wliite wax 1 oz., oil of sweet almonds 2 oz., alkanet 1 dr. J digest till coloured, strain, and add 6 drops of otto of roses. Perttvian Lip Salve. As either of the above, substituting 20 or 30 drops of Peruvian balsam for tlie otto ; 8 drops of oil of lavender may be added. Grape Lip Salve. Pomade au raisin pour les levres. Put into a glazed earthen pipkin ^ lb. of fresh butter, i lb. fine yellow wax, 1 oz. of alkanet, and 3 bunches of black grapes ; boil together, and strain without pressure througli linen. Feexch Lip Salve. Lard 16 oz., white wax 2 oz. ; nitre and alum in fine powder, of each 5 oz. ; alkanet to colour. German Lip Salve. Butter of cacao ^ oz., oil of almonds 5 oz. ; melt together with a gentle heat, and add 6 drops of essence of lemon. Gants Cosmetiques. These are white kid gloves, which have been turned inside out, and brushed over with a melted compound of wax, oil, lard, balsam, &c. The Peruvian lip salve, without any alkanet, may answer the jjurpose. For oftening the hands. FACE PAINTS. FARDS. Fine Carmine (prepared from cochineal) is used alone, or reduced with starch, &c. And also tlie colouring matter fOlLUT SOAPS, ETC. 237 of safflower and other vegetable colours, in the form of pink saucers, &c. EoUGE is prepared from carmine, and the colouring matter of safflower, by mixing them with finely levigated French chalk or talc, generally with the atldition of a few drops of olive or almond oil. Sometimes fine white starch is used as the reducing ingredient. It is used in the form of powder, pomade, and crejpons — the latter being pieces of crape imbued with the colouring matter. For com- mon purposes, vermilion is used ; and it is sometimes pre- pared for this purpose by mixing it with a few drops of almond oil and of mucilage of tragacanth, placing the mixture in rouge pots, and di'ying it by a very gentle heat. Almond Bloom. Boil 1 oz. of Brazil dust in 3 pints of distilled water, and strain ; add 6 di's. of isinglass, 2 drs. of cochuieal, 1 oz. of alum, and 3 drs. of borax ; boil again, and strain through a fine cloth. — Gbax's Supple- ment. Face Whites. One of most innocent kind is prepared from Venetian talc, or French chalk, finely le\'igated. These are sometimes calcined, to increase their whiteness ; but this dimmishes their mictuosity and adhesiveness. Di- gestion with vinegar, and subsequent washing, are prac- tised for the same purpose. Flake white (a fine variety of white lead) was formerly much used, but is now generally condemned as unsafe ; it is also liable to become browni under certain circumstances. Pearl or bismuth white (magistery of bismuth*) is less injurious when pure, but is subject to the latter inconvenience. M. Thenaed recommends oxide of zinc, with an equal weight of French chalk prepared by vinegar. ]\Iagnesia is said to be em- ployed by by the American ladies. White starch is used for the same purpose. * For tliis purpose a little hydrochloric acid is added to the solution of the metal in nitric acid, and the magistery is precipitated by a small quantity of water ; or the nitric solution is iiiixed with a weak solution ot sea salt . Dr. Ure s'ates tliat the prccpitate thusacquires a more pearly lustre. 238 SKIN COSMETICa TOILET SOAPS, &c. As the retail di'uggists and perfumers do not generally make their own soap in the first instance, it is only necessary to mention the means by wliich the soap, as it comes from the manufacturers, is prepared for the toilet. Scented Soaps, in general. Cut the best white curd soap, (or for some kmds, palm soap) into thin shavings, and place it in a copper vessel, with sufficient distilled water, and heat it by a water-bath till the whole is uniformly liquefied. Let it cool to 135" F. ; then add the colouring matter and perfumes. On the large scale these additions may be mixed with the liquid soap at the maker's, before it is poiired into the fi'ames. The quantity of perfume used must depend on the price at which it is to be sold. Almond Soap. To one hmidredweight of the best hard white soap, melted as above, add 20 oz. of essential oil of bitter almonds. (Soap really made from expressed almond oil is, we apprehend, rarely met with in com- merce.) Savon au Bouquet. Melt 60 lbs. of white curd soap as above, and 8 oz. of oil of bergamot, 1^ oz. each of oils of cloves, sassafras, and thyme, f oz. of neroli, and 14 oz. or q. s. brown ochre. Rose Soap. Put into a copper vessel, placed in boiling water, 20 lbs., of white curd soap, and 30 lbs. of olive oil soap, both in thin shavings ; add 5 lbs. of soft water, or rose-water ; keep the heat below boiling till the soap is uniformly liquefied, then add 12 oz. of finely sifted ver- milion, or enough to produce the required tint. With- draw it from the fire, and when sufficiently cool, add 3^ oz. of otto of roses, ^ oz. of oil of cloves, ^ oz. of oil of cin- namon, and 2^ oz. bergamot. For a cheaper article use less perfume. WiNDSOE Soap. This is said to be made with lard. In France they use lard with a portion of olive or bleached palm oil. Dr. PEEErEA states that it is made with one ])art of olive oil to nine of tallow. But a great part of M'hat is sold is probably only curd (tallow) soap, scented with oil of caraway and bergamot. The brown is probably coloured with burnt sugar, or umber. TOILET SOAPS, ETC. 239 Honey Soap. "VVliite curd soap 1^ lbs., brown Windsor soap i lb. ; cut them into thin sha\'ings, and liquefy as directed above for scented soaps : then add 4 oz. of honey, and keej) it melted till most of the water is evaporated ; then remove from the fire, and when cool enough, add any essential oil. According to Piesse the honey soap usually sold, consists of fine yellow soap perfumed with oil of citronella. Floating Soaps. These are made by liquefying, as de- scribed above, 30 lbs. of oil soap with about 5 lbs. of water, and agitating the mixture, by a suitable wooden apparatus turned by a handle, till the froth arises to the top of the vessel. It is then put into frames to cool. These soaps are variously perfumed and coloured. Teanspaeent Soap. Cut fine white curd soap into thin shavings, and dry them with a gentle heat till they can be reduced to powder. Put 2 lbs. of this powder into a water- bath with 5 or 6 pints of rectified spirit of \\dne, and heat it gently (taking care that the water does not quite boil) till the solution is complete ; add the perfume and pour into the frames. Wlien cold, cut it into squares. They must be kept some time in a dry place before they can attain their full degree of transparency. By usmg a still, most of the spirit may be recovered for future use. Wash Balis. Savonettes. These are made from various kinds of soap, usually with the addition of powdered starch, or hair-powder, or of rice flour, together with per- fuming and colouring ingredients. They are formed into spherical balls by taking a mass of the prepared soap in the left hand, and a conical drinking glass with rather thin edges in the right. By turning the glass and ball of soap in every direction, the rounded form is soon given j when dry the surface is scraped to render it more smooth and even. One or two examples of this kind of soap will suffice. Common oe Lemon Wash Balls. Cut 6 lbs. of soap into very small pieces ; melt it in a pint of water in which 6 lemons have been boiled. \Vlien melted, withdraw tlie soap from the fire, and add 3 lbs. of powdered starch, and a little essence of lemon ; knead the whole into a paste and form into balls of the desired size. 240 §EtN COSMETldS Ceeaji Wash Balls. White curd soap 7 lbs., powdered starch 1 lb. ; water or rose-water, q. s. Beat the whole together, and form into balls. — Geay's Supplement. Camphor Wash Balls. White soap 1 lb., spermaceti 1 oz., water q. s. j melt together and add 1 oz. of powdered camphor. Mrs. Stmond's Soap Paste foe the Hands. Best soft soap (from olive oil and potash if procurable) 16 oz., spermaceti 4 oz., best olive oil 1 oz., camphor j oz., rectified spirit J oz., soft water 1 pint, essence of lemon ^ oz., M.S. A. With 8 oz. of pumice-stone, powdered and sifted through fine book muslin, it forms sand soap paste. Powdered Soap. Any of the hard soaps may be pulverised, if first cut into thin shavings, and kept at a gentle lieat, till sufficiently dry. This process renders the soap more mild. Shaving Powder. Melt together in a water-bath 1 lb. of white soap with 1 oz. of powdered spermaceti and i oz. of chlorate of potash dissolved in a little w^ater, or rose- water. Pour the liquefied soap into a shallow mould; when solidified, shave it fine and dry as above. Shaving Paste. 1. Melt together 1 dr. each of sper- maceti, white wax, and almond oil ; beat it up with 2 oz. of the best white soap, and a little lavender or Cologne water. 2. Najiles soap, beaten ujj with sufficient powdered soap to form a stiff paste. 3. White soft soap, 4 oz., powdered Castile soap 1 oz., oil of olives, or almonds i oz. Shaving Liquid. Essence of soap. 1. White soap 3 oz., proof spirit 8 oz., distilled water 4 oz., cai'bonateof potash 1 dr., essence of lemon q. s. Dissolve the soap without heat, and add the potash and essence. 2. (Italian essence of soap.) Wliite curd or Windsor soap 10 parts, rectified spirit 34 parts, rose or orange- ilower water 34 jDarts. Digest with a gentle heat and filter. 3. Naples soap, or white soft soap, 16 oz., oil of olives \ oz., gum benzoin 1 dr., rectified spirit 24 oz. Digest. Rub a few drops on the beard, followed by warm water. HAIR COSMETICS Hair Powder. The basis of hair-powder is finely powdered starch. _ It is variously scented, and was formerly tinted of various colours. The plain and violet hair-powders are_ now principally used. The latter is perfumed with orris powder, or essence of violets, usually with the addi- tion of bergamot, &c. Gray gives the following species for scenting hair powder: powdered orris 1 lb., essence of bergamot 12 oz., oil of neroli 1 dr., musk 1 scruple. Hair-powder is also perfumed with jessamine, roses, &c., by mixing the flowers with plain powder for 2 or 3 days, stirring the mixture twice or thrice a day, and then sifting out the powder from the flowers. COMPOUNDS TO PROMOTE THE GROWTH OF THE HAIR. Pomades for the cube of Baxdness. 1. Duptttteen's Pomade. The recipe given by Bate- man and Rennie for this celebrated preparation, viz. almond oil, lard, suet, and essential oils, is remarkable as entirely omitting the active ingredient. It is probable that the preparation first employed by M. Duptjyteen was more simple in its form than what he subsequently adopted, but cantharides was always the essential constituent. The first formula met with was : Tincture of cantharides (made according to the Paris Codex, 1 part flies to 8 of proof spirit) 1 part, lard 9 parts. The following are said more nearly to represent the compound in its improved and more elegant form. M. Cap prescribes : Beef marrow 2 oz., spirituous extract of cantharides (made by evaporat- ing the above tincture) 8 grs., rose oil 1 dr., essence of lemon 50 drops. M. Fontaine directs : Beef marrow 4 16 242 HAIR COSMETICS oz., calomel 2^ drs., extract of cantharides 18 grs., attar of roses 2 drops. But the following by M. Eecitjz is said to have been acknowledged by M. Duptjyteen as the tnie formula : Beef marrow 6 oz., nervine balsam* 2 oz., Peruvian balsam 2 oz., oil of almonds li oz., extract of cantharides 16 grs. ; melt the marrow and nervine balsam with the oil, strain, add the balsam of Peru, and lastly the extract, dissolved in a drachm of rectified spirit. M. Gfibofet says that no better than the following can be used: Beef marrow 1 oz., nervine balsam 1 oz., rose oil 1 dr., extract of cantharides (dissolved in spirit) 6 grs. These pomades should be rubbed on the scalp once or twice a day for some weeks. If any soreness is produced, the pomade should be less frequently apphed. 2. Pomade contee l'Alopecie. Fresh lemon-juice 1 dr., extract of bark (by cold water) 2 drs., marrow 2 oz., tincture of cantharides (as above) 1 dr., oil of lemon 20 drops, oil of bergamot 10 drops ; mix. First wash the head with soap and water, with a little eau de Cologne, then rub it dry. Next morning rub in a small lump of pomade, and repeat it daily. Li 4 or 5 weeks the cure of baldness is effected. — Dr. Schneidee. 3. Cazenate's Remedy poe Baldness. Beef mar- row 1 oz., tincture of cantharides (as above) 1 dr., pow- dered cinnamon 1 dr. To be applied night and morning, the head beiag first washed with salt and water. Keep the hair short. 4. Dr. Cattell's is the same, substituting 10 drops each of oils of origanum and bergamot for cinnamon. 5. Beef marrow 1 oz., castor oU ^ oz., tincture of can- tharides 1 dr., essential oil of bitter almonds and of lemon, each 12 drops. 6. Beef marrow 3 drs., almond oil 1 dr., sulphate of quinine 15 grs., otto 2 drops. — SouBEraAN. 7. Prepared lard 2 oz., white wax 2 drs. ; melt together, remove from the fire, and add 2 drs. balsam of Tolu, 20 drops of oil of rosemary, and in chronic cases 1 dr. of tincture of cantharides. — Dr. Nblkjan. * This is made by melting together 4 oz. each of beef marrow and oil of mace, and adding 2 dr . of balsam of Tolu, and 1 dr, each of oil of cloves and camphor, dissolved in | oz, of rectified spirit. COMPOUNDS FOE THE CUEE OF BALDNESS 243 8. Camphor 1 scruple, citrine ointment 2 drs., sperma- ceti cerate 6 drs. ; mix. To be applied every night. 9. Bate's Unguentum Criyiiscutn. Labdanum 6 drs., bears'-grease 2 oz., honey \ oz., powdered southernwood 3 drs., ashes of red-root 1^ drs., oil of nutmeg 1 dr., balsam of Peru 3 drs. ; mix. Let the bald part be first rubbed with an onion till it is red, then apply the oint- ment. It should be used daily, or oftener, for 5 or 6 weeks. 10. Box leaves 2 oz., southernwood 2 oz. ; lard, marrow, or bear's-grease, 8 oz. ; digest together by the heat of a water-bath, and strain. 11. Bears'-grease. The most approved consists of 2 parts of prepared bears' fat, with one of beef marrow, scented at pleasure. We have placed this, on the ground of common report, among the preparations which may possess some efficacy, but reserve the compounds usually sold under this name for the Pomatums. See below. 12. Pommade Philocome. Powdered cinchona ^ dr., oil of almonds 2 drs., beef marrow 6 drs., oil of bergamot 6 drops ; balsam of Peru 20 drops j mix. — DouRYAULT. LIQUID COMPOUNDS FOR THE CURE AND PREVENTION OF BALDNESS. 1. Dr. Locock's Lotions. Oil of mace (expressed oil of nutmeg) ^ oz., olive oil 2 drs., water of ammonia \ dr., spirit of rosemary 1 oz., rose-water 2^ oz. ; mix. [Mr. AsTLEY recommends the following modification : Oil of mace i oz., olive oil 2 drs., oil of rosemary 4 drops ; incor- porate them carefully, than add gradually 3i oz. of rose- water, 2 drs. of solution of carbonate of ammonia, and 2 drs. of rectified spii'it.] 2. Mr. Eeasmtts Wilson's. Eau de Cologne 2 oz., tincture of cantharides 2 drs. ; oil of rosemary and oil of lavender, of each 10 drops. 3. Mr. Acton's. Equal parts of rectified spirit, castor oil, and eau de Cologne. 4. Mr. Acton's, stronger. Equal parts of honey-water and tincture of cantharides. 5. Tincture of cantharides 3 drs., acetate of copper 3 grs. ; oil of almouds and castor oil, of each a fluid oz., with ajiy 244 HAIR COSMETICS essential oil to scent it. A small quantity to be applied to the roots of the hair every morning. 6. Vinegar of cantharides (Lond. Pharm.) J oz., eau de Cologne 1 oz., rose-water 1 oz. ; mix. 7. Castor-oil, lavender-water, and tincture of cantha- rides, in equal quantities. 8. Glycerine 2 oz., tincture of myrrh 1 oz., eau de Cologne 1 oz., tincture of cantharides i oz., distilled water 24 oz.— Phaem. Jouen. 9. American Shampoo Liquor, Rum 3 quarts, spirit of wine 1 pint, water 1 pint, tincture of cantharides ^ oz., carbonate of ammonia ^ oz., salt of tartar 1 oz. Rub it on, and afterwards wash with water. By omitting the salt of tartar it nearly resembles balm of Columbia. 10. French Receipt. Rum 500 parts, alcohol 75, dis- tilled water 75, tincture of cantharides 3,* carbonate of potash 3, carbonate of ammonia 5 parts. Dissolve the salts, mix the liquids, and filter. Wet the skin of the head, with [this lotion for several minutes, then wash it with water. 11. Dr. Landeeer's. Bay leaves 2 oz., cloves i oz., spirit of lavender 4 oz., spirit of thyme 2 oz. ; digest for 6 days, filter, and add i oz. of ether. To be rubbed on everj' morning. 12. Put into a still 4 lbs. of honey, 12 handfuls of the tendrils of vine, and the same of rosemary tops ; distil very slowly till the liquor begins to taste sour. 13. Dr. Cattell's. See Washes foe the Haib, further on. Ifote. — The above ointments and liquids require to be used for some weeks, in order to produce a decided effect, either in curing or preventing baldness. Those which contain cantharides in any form are the most active, and must be used with caution. They should be applied once or twice a day, according to the effect produced ; but if the scalp becomes sore, their use must be omitted for a time, or longer intervals allowed, as the case may require. When employed to prevent the hair falling off, or from be- coming grey, they need not be applied so frequently as for baldness. * Made according to the French Codex. POMATUMS, LOTIONS, ETC. 215 The following require no particular caution, being less active than the preceding. POMATUMS, LOTIONS, &c., FOE EMBELLISHING, STRENGTHENING AND CLEANSING THE HAIE. Pomatums, or Pomades, These are composed usually of animal fats, variously per- fumed. The lard, veal fat, beef and mutton suet, bears' fat, and beef marrow, employed for this pui-pose, require to be prepared with great care. The following is, perhaps, the best mode : Cut the raw fat into pieces, carefully re- moving the fleshy and bloody portions of membrane, &c., and beat it In a marble mortar ; melt it in a well-tinned vessel placed in boiling water, and strain the melted fat through a hair-sieve without pressure (reserving the resi- due to be heated again and pressed for more fat, to be used for commoner purposes). Keep the melted fat for some time gently warm, without disturbing it ; remove any scum which may have arisen, and pour off the clear fat, taking care that none of the dregs or watery liquid which have subsided, pass with it. A mixture of these fats forms the basis of many varieties of pomades. Some- times a little white wax is added. A greater degree of whiteness is said to be given, by addmg to the liquefied fat a few grains of citrrc acid. The same end Is promoted, by assiduously beating the pomade, while cooling, with a wooden spatula. To perfume pomatums, various essential oils, &c., are added (see Common Pomatum) ; but the finer sorts arc perfumed by Infusing fi-esh flowers in the melted fats for some hours, and straining; or, in other cases, the simple pomade is thinly spread on plates of glass set in frames, and the fresh flowers stuck in the scored surface of the fat, chang- ing the flowers dally till the pomatum is sufficiently per- fumed. As these compounds can seldom be prepared to advantage by the retailer, a few varieties only require to be noticed here. Common Pomatum. Mutton suet (prepared as above) 1 lb.. 246 flAtil COSMETICS common lard 3 lbs. ; melt together in a water-bath, pour it into an earthen basin, and beat it assiduously -with a wooden spatula. "UTien sufficiently cool, add 2 oz. or q. s. of essence of bergamot or of lemon, and continue the stirring till nearly cold. Rose PoMAxtrM. Prepared lard 16 oz., prepared suet 2 oz. ; melt with a gentle heat, and add 2 oz. of rose-water, and 6 di'ops of otto of roses. Beat them well together, and - pour into pots before it is too cold. For making jessa- mine, violet, and orange pomade, put the same quantity of water, and 1 dr. of the essence. Maeeow Pomatum. Beef marrow and beef suet, coloured •with a little annotto, may be employed for this and other yellow pomatums. For the perfumes employed for these . and other pomatums, see Essence for scenting Pomatums, under Peefumert. Pomade poh Beautifying the Haie. Oil of sweet almonds a pint, spermaceti, 1^ oz., purified lard 2 oz. ; melt with a gentle heat ; when nearly cold, add any agreeable scent, and pour it into pots or wide-mouthed bottles. Beaes' Grease (Artificial). Bears' grease is imitated by a mixture of prepared veal suet and beef marrow. It may be scented at pleasure ; oil of lavender, with a very little oil of thyme, is sometimes used. The followmg are some of the compounds sold under this name : 1. Prepai-ed suet 3 oz., lai'd 1 oz., olive oil 1 oz., oil of cloves 10 drops, compound tincture of benzoin 1 dr. ; mix. 2. Lard 1 lb., solution of carbonate of potash 2 oz. 3. Olive oil 4 flasks, white wax 4 oz., spermaceti 2 oz. ; scented with otto of roses and oil of bitter almonds. Green Bears' Grease. Bears' grease digested with fresh walnut leaves, and strained. This is repeated with more leaves till the pomade is sufficiently coloured ; it is then scented ^vith oils of rosemary, thyme, and bergamot. German Pomade, for strengthening the Hair. Take 8 oz. of purified marrow, melt it in a glass or stoneware vessel, and add 1^ oz. of fresh bay leaves, 1 oz. of orange leaves, 1 oz. of bitter almonds, ^ oz. of nutmegs, ^ oz. of cloves, and 1 dr. of vanilla, all bruised ; cover the vessel, and let the whole digest for 24 hours, with a gentle heat ; strain while warm through linen, and stir it as it cools. POMATUMS, lOTIOITS, ETC. 247 Haed oe Roll PoMATrrii. 1. Suet 5 lbs., white wax 8 oz., spermaceti 2 oz., oil of lavender and essence of ambergris, of each i oz. 2. Beef suet 16 oz., white or yellow wax 1 oz., with 1 dr. of oil of lavender or of bergamot. 3. Lard melted with one third or half its weight of white wax, and poured into serai-cylindrical paper moulds when nearly set. This is sold under the name of cos- mettque. It is sometimes coloured to match the hair. See after Haie Dyes, further on. Coloured Pomatums. The colouring matters employed are annotto, alkanet, marigold, carmuie, gamboge, indigo, cobalt blue, umber, ivory black, &c. CiKCASsiAN Ceeam. Two flasks of oil, 3 oz. of white wax, 2 oz. of spermaceti, i oz. of alkanet root. Digest the oil with the alkanet till coloured, strain, melt the wax and spermaceti with the oil, and when sufficiently cool add 2^ drs. of English oil of lavender, and i dr. of essence of am- bergris. Crystalline Cream. Oil of almonds 8 oz., spermaceti 1 oz. ; melt together ; when a little cooled add ^ oz. or less of essence of bergamot, or other perfume; put it into wide-mouthed bottles, and let it stand till cold. Cam2jJi orated crystalline cream may be made by using camphorated oil (Lin. CamphorEe) instead of oil of almonds. Castor Oil Pomade. Castor oil 4 oz., prepared lard 2 oz., white wax 6 drs., essence of bergamot 2 drs., oil of lavender 20 drops, eau de Cologne g dr. ; stir till cold. Crystalline Castoe Oil Pomade. Castor oil 16 oz., spermaceti If oz. ; melt together, and when a little cool, add 1 oz. of essence of bergamot, i dr. oil of verbena, ^ dr. oil of lavender; pour it into wide-mouthed bottles, and let it stand till cold. Castor Oil and Glycerine Pomade. Dissolve white wax li oz. with a moderate heat in 3 oz. of castor oil, triturate ■with 9 oz. of castor oil and 2 oz. glycerine until cool. Then add essence of lemon 5 drs., ess. of bergamot 2 drs., oil of lavender 1 dr., oil of cloves 10 drops. Piub aunatto gr. X with 1 dr. of water till smoothly suspended, add 1 dr. of alcohol, and stir the colouring into the pomade until thoroughly mixed. — American Recipe. 248 HAIR COSMETICS Fox's Ceeam. Marrow pomatum 2 oz., oil of almonds 2 oz. ; melt, and add while cooling, with constant stirring, essence of jessamine or of bergamot 2 drs. — Bateman. Glycerine and Lime Cream. Glycerine, oil of sweet almonds, and lime water, of each 8 oz., tincture of cantha- rides 1 oz. Perfume as desired. Lime Juice and Glycerine, Lime juice i pint, rose water k pint, glycerine 2 oz., rect. spirit 2 oz., oil of lemon _30 drops. QuiLLAi Bark. Stir a piece of the bark in some water till a strong lather is produced, and rub it on the hair with a rough towel. Thus used it is an excellent remedy for dandruff. HUILES A^^TIQUES. perfumed oils for the hair. The basis of these oils is either almond oil, olive oil, or oil of ben J whichever is used should be perfectly fresh, and of the finest quality. The perfume is communicated in three ways : by infusing the flowers in the oil at a gentle heat ; by placing layers of flowers alternately with folded cotton soaked in the oil, in proper frames, and pressing out the oil when sufiiciently imbued with the odour of the flowers ; or simjjly by adding essential oils, &c., to the fixed oil. An example or two of each method will be sufficient. Oil of Eoses, by Infusion. Heat in a water-bath 1 lb. of virgin oil, and add 1 lb. of picked fresh petals of Pro- vence roses. Let these remain togetlier in a water-bath for half an hour, then remove from the bath, and leave them together for 24 hours, stirring them twice during the time. Strain through a cloth, and express all the oil. To this oil add fresh roses, and proceed as before ; repeat- ing this for 5, 6, or 7 times, till the oil is suflicieutly per- fumed. Oil of Jessamine, Perfumed with the Flowers. Fold pieces of white cotton cloth twice or four times ; moisten them with fine olive oil, slightly pressing tliem, and place them in proper frames. Then place on the cloths a rather thick layer of freshly gathered and dry jessamine flowers, carefully deprived of all green parts. In 24 liours care- fully remove the flowers, and replace them by fresh ones. HTJILES ANTIQUES 249 till the oil is sufficiently perfumed. Tlie oil is then ex- pressed. Tlie same method is employed in preparing oils from other delicate flowers ; such as violet, lily of the valley, &c. Oil of Roses, Common. Fine olive or almond oil a pint, otto of roses 16 drops. If required red, colour the oil with alkanet root, and strain before adding the otto. For common sale, essence of bergamot or of lemon is often substituted, wholly or in part, for the more expensive otto. Peeftjmed Oil of Beegamot, Lemon, Orange, &c. To oil of ben, or finest almond or olive oil, add essential oil of bergamot, lemon, &c., q. s. For common purposes a drachm of the essential oil may be added to 16 oz. of oil. Some recipes, however, direct as much as 1^ oz. or 2 oz. Oil of Ambergris and Musk. Ambergi-is 2 drs., musk i dr. ; grind them together in a mortar, then with a small quantity of oil ; add more oil to make uj) a pint, and let them stand together for 12 days, stirring them occasion- ally. Then decant or filter. Add half a pint of oil to the residue for an oil of second quality. Common Oil of Musk, Oil of Benzoin, Oil of Stteax, &c., may be obtained by mixing a strong tincture of these drugs with fine oil, agitating them frequently together, and after remainuig some hours at rest, decanting the clear oil. Huile Comogene. Mix equal parts of oil and spirit of rosemary with a few drops of oil of nutmeg. To be used daily. Huile de Phenix. Clarified beef marrow 4 oz., lard 2 oz., oil of mace 4 oz. ; melt together, and strain through linen into a warm mortar ; stir, and when it begins to cool add the following solution, and stir constantly till it is quite cold : oil of cloves, lavender, mint, rosemary, sage, and thyme, of each ^ dr. ; balsam of Tolu 4 drs., camphor 1 dr., rectified spirit 1 oz. Put the spirit and balsam into a phial, and place it in warm water till the solution is complete, then add the camphor and essential oils. Huile Philicome d'Aubeil. Triturate together, wnthout heat, equal parts of cold-drawii nut oil, almond oil, and prepared beef marrow, adding any essential oil as a per- fume. 250 HAIE COSMETICS HtriLE Veete. Macerate 1 dr. of guaiaciim vnth 1 lb. of olive oil ; strain, and add any essential oil to perfume it. — Geat. Maeeow Oil. Clarified beef marrow, or marrow pomatum, with enough almond or olive oil to brmg it to the desired consistence. Fltjide de Java. Tliis consists of beef marrow, white wax, fine olive oil, and essential oils at pleasure. Macassar Oil. The oil made by the natives in the island is obtained by boiling the kernel of the fruit of a tree resembling the wahint, called in Malay badeau. The oil is mixed vnth other mgredients, and has a smell approaching to that of creasote. But the Macassar oil sold in this country has probably no relation to the above, except in name. The following is given by Geat : Olive oil 1 lb., oil of origamim 1 dr. ; others add 1 j drs. of oil of rosemary. The following French compound is probably named Macassar oil rather to denote its properties than from any resemblance either to the product of Macassar* or to the oil sold under this name in England : HiriLE DE Macassae de Naquet. Oil of ben 14 pints, nut oil 7 pints, spirit of wine 1 quart, essence of bergamot 3 oz., tincture of musk 3 oz., spirit of orange {esprit de Portugal) 2 oz., otto of roses 2 drs., alkanet to coloiir it. Digest them together with a gentle heat for an hour, and shake frequently for a week. Beilliantine. a solution of castor oil in eau de Cologne, 1 part in 4. Another formula is as follows : — Glycerine and eau de Cologne, of each 1 part ; honey, 2 parts ; rec- tified spirit, 4 parts. WASHES FOR THE HAIE. Vegetable Exteact poe Cleansing and Steengthen- ING the Haie. 1. Southernwood 2 oz., box leaves 6 oz., water 4 pints. Boil gently in a saucepan for i of an hour, strain, and to each pint of the liquid add 2 oz. of spirit of rosemary and ^ dr. of salt of tartar (or 1 dr. of Naples soap). 2. Boil 1 lb. of rosemary in 2 quarts of watei", and add ' to the filtered liquor 1 oz. of spirit of lavender, and i oz. of Naples soap, or salt of tartar. dOMPOUKDS FOR STIFFENING THE HAIR 251 3. lucinerate 2 oz. each of rosemary, maidenhair, southern- wood, myrtle berries, and hazel bai'k; make a strong solution of the ashes, with which wash the hair at the roots every day. Keep the hair short. — Dr. Catteli. 4. Borax 1 oz. ; powdered camphor J oz., boiling water a quart. When cold, filter for use. Damp the hair vdih it frequently. Wash toe REiioTiifG Sccef and Promoting the Curling OF THE Hair. 1. Beat up the yolk of an egg with a pint of clean rain-water. Apply it warm ; and afterwards wash the head with warm water. 2. Lime-water a pint, distilled vinegar i of a pint ; mix. Wash for Irritable Eruptions of the Scalp or Face. llimmel's toilet vinegar 6 oz., glycerine 2 oz., carbolic acid i drachm. — Dr. Headland.. COMPOUNDS FOR STIFFENING THE HAIR. Eau Collante. Dissolve without heat 8 oz. of clear gum in 2 lbs. of distilled or rose water, and filter thi'ough coarse filtering paper. Bandoline, or FiXATEtru. Vegetable mucilage, with suffi- cient spirit to preserve it. Mucilage of quince seed is used; mucilage of picked Wsh moss, carefully strained, is said to answer still better. The following is em- ployed by some Loudon perfumers : Finest picked gum tragacanth, reduced to a coarse powder, 1 oz., rose-water a pint ; put them into a wide-mouthed vessel, and shake them together daily for 2 or 3 days ; then strain \\'ith gentle pressure through fine linen or cambric. If required to be coloured, infuse cocliineal in the water employed, be- fore making the mucilage. Another form is — linseed (not bruised) a tablespoonf ul, water -i pint ; boil for 5 minutes and strain. PojiMADE Collante, for False Curls. Melt together in an earthen pipkin 24 oz. of fine Burgundy pitch and 8 oz. of white wax, and add 1 oz. of pomatum j remove from the fire and add 4 oz. of brandy or other spirit, replace it on the fire till it boils slightly, then strain through linen, adding bergamot or other perfume, and cast it into moulds. 252 HAIR COSMETICS HAIR DYES. Oefila's Haie Dye. Take 3 parts of litharge and 2 of quicklime, both in an impalpable powder, and mix them carefully. ^Vhen used, a portion of the powder is mixed with hot water or milk, and ajjplied to the hair, the part being afterwards enveloped in oil-skin or a cabbage-leaf for 4 or 5 hours. 2. Litharge 2 parts, slaked lime 1 part, chalk 2 pai-ts, all finely powdered, and accurately mixed. When required for use, mix the powder with warm water, and dip a brush into the mixture, and rub the hair well \yith it. After 2 hours, let the hair be washed. 3. Litharge 4^ oz., quicklime f oz. ; reduce to an im- palpable powder, and pass it through a sieve. Keep it in a di-y, close bottle. Wash the hair first with soap and water, then with tej^id water ; wipe it dry, and comb with a clean comb. Mix the dye in a saucer with hot water to the consistence of cream, and apply it to the hair, beginning at the roots. Place over it four folds of brown paper, saturated with hot water, and drained till cool ; and over this an oilskin cap and a nightcap. Let it remain from 4 to 8 hours, according to the shade required. When removed, oil the hair, but do not wet it for 3 or 4 days. 4. Cheyailiee's. Mix 5 drs. of freshly slaked lime ^-ith 1^ oz. of water, and strain through silk ; put the milk of lime into a 4-oz. bottle. Dissolve 5 grs. of acetate of lead in sufficient water, and add enough slaked lime to saturate the acetic acid (a drachm or rather more), let it settle, pour off the supernatant liquor, wash the precipitate with water, and add it to the milk of lime. 5. Chesnut Hair Dye. We have met with the fol- lowing, but do not guarantee it : Permanganate of potash gives the hair a beautiful chesnut-brown colour, varying according to the strength of the solution of the salt. A good formula is : Permanganate of potass 1 dr., powdered gum arable 2 drs., rose-water 3 oz. ; mix. Apply carefully with a tooth brush, so as to avoid stahiing the skin. (' Chemist and Druggist.') HAIR DYES 2-33 6. Hair Restoeer. Sulphur 45 grs. j acetate of lead 20 grs. ; glycerine ^ oz., water to 10 oz. ; mix. 7. Golden Hair Dye. Aureoline. A solution of peroxide of hydrogen in water, containing from 3 to 6 per cent., by weight, of the peroxide. 8. Dark Browk Hair Dye. a. Pyrogallic acid 4 grs., distilled water 2 oz. ; mix. b. Crystallized nitrate of silver 1 dr., gum arable 1 dr., distilled water, 2 oz. ; mix. c. Nitrate of silver 192 grs., distilled water 8 oz. Dis- solve and add gradually sufficient of the strongest solution of ammonia to precipitate the silver. Then afterwards just as much as is necessary to redissolve the precipitate. See further on. 9. Dr. Hanmann's. Levigated litharge 11 oz., pow- dered quick lime 75 oz., hair powder 37 oz. j mix. When used, a portion of the powder is mixed with warm water in a saucer, and applied to the hair with the fingers, taking care to cover the hair to the roots. Cover the whole with a sheet of cotton wadding moistened with water, and this with a folded cloth. Let it remain on for 3 hours; or better, for the night. 10. Warren's. Sifted lime 16 oz., white lead 2 oz., litharge in fine powder 1 oz. ; mix well together, and keep dry. To dye black, mix a little powder with water to the consistence of cream. To dry broton, use milk instead of water. Apply with a small sponge. Essence of Ttee. Grecian Water. Eait d'Egypt, Eau de Chine. These are solutions of nitrate of silver ; in applying them, it must be remembered that they stain the skin as well as the hair. Hence there is more diffi- culty in applying than with the preceding; but they are considered to impart a finer colour to the hair, with the disadvantage, however, of rendering it dry and crisp. The following are some of the most approved formulae : 1. Dr. Cattell's. Nitrate of silver 11 drs., nitric acid 1 dr., distilled water 1 pint, sap green 3 drs., gum Arabic 1 dr. ; mix. 2. Nitric acid 1 dr., nitrate of silver 10 drs., sap green 9 drs., mucilage 5 drs., distilled water 37i fluid oz.j 25 i HATB COSMETICS 3. Silver 2 drs., iron filings 4 drs., nitric acid 1 oz., dis- tilled water 8 oz. Digest, and decant the clear solution. To be carefully applied with a close brush. 4. Hydrosulphate of ammonia 1 oz., solution of potash 3 drs., distilled water 1 oz. ; mix. Apply this with a tooth- brush for 16 or 20 minutes, then brush the hair over with the following : Nitrate of silver 1 dr., distilled water 2 oz., using a clean comb to separate the hair. Mercurial Black Dye. A weak solution of perchloride of mercury, used for some days, followed by a wash contain- ing hyposulphite of soda. Bhowx Hair Dye. Acetate of lead 2 drs., hyposulphite of soda 1 dr., rose water 14 oz., glycerine 2 oz. Dissolve the acetate of lead and hyposulphite in separate portions of the rose water; filter separately, mix the solutions and add the glycerine. See back. Pyeogallic Stain. Distil coarsely powdered nutgalls in a retort, dissolve the solid acid which sublimes in a little hot water, add the solution to the acid liquid which passes over, separate the floating oil, shake the liquid with char- coal, filter, and add a little spirit. TiNOTtTRB OF Walnttt. A strong tincture of the shells of green walnuts, scented. La Forest's Cosmetic Wash for the Hair. Red wuie 1 lb., salt 1 dr., sulphate of iron 2 drs. Boil for a few minutes, and add common verdigris 1 dr. ; leave it on the fire for 2 minutes, withdraw it, and add 2 drs. of powdered nutgall. Rub the hair with the liquid ; in a few minutes dry it with a warm cloth, and afterwards wash with water. Pomatums, or Cosmetiques, in sticks, for the haii-. Black Pomatum, in sticks, for the eyebrotos, whiskers, ^'c. Prepared lard melted -nith a third of its weight of wax in winter, or half in summer, is coloiu'ed with levigated ivoi-y black, and strained through tammy, or any material which will permit the fine particles of ivoiy black to pass through. Stir it constantly, and when it begins to thicken pour it into paper moulds. Brown and Chest:^t Pomatums are prepared in the same way, but coloured vdth. umber, &c. White, as Hard Pomatum. Ebonx Pomatum, in pots. Melt 4 oz. of white wax with HAIE DYES 255 12 oz. of any kind of pomatum, and add 2 oz. of levigated ivory-black. Proceed as above, and pour into pots. PoMiiADE DE Jetjnesse. Pomatum mixed with magistery of bismuth. It is said to turn the hair black. — Gkat. DEPILATORIES. rOE EEMOTINa STJPEBFLTrpUS HAIRS. These require caution, as they are apt to injure the skin. We have omitted those which contain sulphuret of arsenic (orpiment), as there is danger of its being absorbed, and the object can be accomplished -without its use. The powders require to be kept in close bottles or boxes, and no more should be mixed with liquid than is required to be used at once. 1. Mix lime and water to a thick cream, and pass through the mixture 25 or 30 times its volume of sul- phuretted hydrogen gas. "When the gas escapes, stop the process. The pulpy mass is spread on paper, and appUed for 12 or 15 minutes, and then washed off with a sponge and water. The only objection to this is its disgusting smell. 2. Chinese. Quicklime 16 oz., pearlaSh 2 oz., liver of sulphur 2 oz. Reduce to a fine powder, and keep it in a close bottle. Use it as No. 4. 3. Mr. Redwood recommends a strong solution of sul- phuret (sulphide) of barium, with sufficient powdered starch to form a paste ; to be left on for a few minutes, then scraped off with the back of a knife. 4. Bottdet's Depilatoet. Crystallized hydrosulphate of soda 3 parts, quicklime in powder 10 parts, starch 10 parts ; mix. To be mixed with water, and applied to the skin, and scraped off in 2 or 3 minutes with a wooden kuif e. TEETH AND MOUTH COSMETICS TOOTH POWDERS. General Directions. — The dry ingredients should be finely pulverized, and the whole well mixed ; which is best effected by triturating the powders together, or agitating them in a bottle, and afterwards passing the whole through a sieve. Some ingredients are usually levigated, or ground with water, as prepared chalk, coral, &c. The tooth powders which contain acids, and acid salts, should not be frequently used. For children those only which contain very soft powders should be permitted ; the heavy carbonate of magnesia is very suitable for them. Ameeican Tooth Powdee. Coral, cuttle-fish bone, dragon's blood, of each 8 oz., bui'nt alum and red sanders, of each 4 oz., orris 8 oz., cloves and cinnamon, of each \ oz., vanilla 2 drs., rosewood ^ oz., rose pink 8 oz. Antiseptic Tooth Powdee. Prepared or precipitated chalk 2 oz., dry chloride of lime 10 grs., oil of cassia or of cloves 5 drops ; mix. It may be coloured, if preferred, by a little levigated bole. Antiscoebutic Tooth Powdee. Extract of rhatany \ oz., prepared charcoal 2 oz., cinnamon y oz., cloves \ oz. Abomatic Tooth Powdee. Calamus aromaticus 4 drs., charcoal 1 dr., soap 1 dr., oil of cloves 12 drops. — Pittschaet. Asiatic Tooth Powdee. Prepared coral 4 oz., Venetian red 3 drs., ochre 5 drs., pumice 5 drs., musk 1 gr. j mix. Or, bole 3 parts, chalk 2, ochre 1, pumice 1, musk to scent. Cadet's or Dr. CoOMBE'e. Sugar 1 oz., charcoal 1 oz,, TOOTU POWDERS 257 Peruvian bark | oz., cream of tartar I5 drs., cinnamon 24 grs. Camphohated Chalk. Camphor (pulverized by the aid of a few drops of spirit) 1 oz., prepared or precipitated chalk 3 oz. Some makers put only 1 part of ciunplior to 7 of chalk. Compound Camphorated Tooth Powder. Camphor 1 oz., precipitated chalk 2 oz., cuttle-fish bone 5 oz., myrrh 2 drs., borax 2 drs., lake or rose pink 1 dr., or q. s. CAETWRiaHT's DENTIFRICE. Prepared chalk 7 oz., orris 1 oz., Castile soap ^ dr. Caeabelli's. Cuttle-fish bone li oz., prepared oyster shells 1^ oz., cinnamon, orris, and lime-tree charcoal, of each 3 drs., vanilla 10 grs. Charcoal, Prepared. The charcoal, made in iron cylinders, from %\-illo\v, is to be preferred. It should be reduced to an impalpable powder, and kept from the air. Charcoal of areca nut is highly commended. That of the shells of cocoa- nuts is said to be used for the same purpose. Dr. Heideu prefers the charcoal of the lime tree. Charcoal Tooth Powder (Gray). Prepared charcoal 1 oz., powdered chalk 3 oz. Charcoal Tooth Powder (French). Prepared charcoal 1 oz., sugar 1 oz., oil of cloves 3 drops ; mix. Charcoal with Bark. Charcoal 1 oz., red cinchona 1 oz., powdered sugar ^ oz., with a few drops of some essential oil. See also Rhighini's, further on. Charcoal with Bark (French recipe). Charcoal 1 oz., Peruvian bark 5 oz., oil of cinnamon, mint, or other oil, 2 drops, essence of ambergris 30 drops. Charcoal with Quinine. Charcoal 1 oz., sulphate of quinine 2 to 4 grs., magnesia 4 to 8 grs., otto of rose (or other perfume) 2 drops. Carbonic Dentifrice (Desfoeges'). Willow charcoal 4 oz., cinchona bark 4 oz., cloves i dr. Circassian Dentifrice (Dr. Halifax's). Prepared harts- horn 2 oz., sulphate of potash 2 oz., cuttle-fish bone 8 oz., orris 4 oz., yellow sandal wood 1 oz., rose pink 3 oz., oil of rhodium 30 drops. Mix the dry ingredients, previously reduced to a fine powder, and add the oil of rhodium. Coral Dentifeice {Poudre Dentifrice of the French Phar- 17 258 TEETH AIS-D MOUTH COSMETICS macopceia). Eed coral, bole, cuttle-flsli bone, of each 3 oz., cG.'agou's blood Ij oz., cochineal 3 drs., cream of tartar 4i oz., cmnamon 6 drs., cloves 1 dr. ; reduce separately to powder, mix and grind on porphyry. Deschamp's Alkaxine Dentifeice. Venetian talc 4 oz., bicarbonate of soda 1 oz., carmine 4 or 5 grs., oil of mint (or other perfume) 15 drops. Deschamp's Acid Dentifrice. Venetian talc 4 oz., cream of tartar 1 oz., carmine 4 or 5 grs., oil as the last. Desfoeges'. See Carbonic Dentifrice. Detergent Tooth Powder. Bicarbonate of soda 1 oz., powdered Castile soap i oz., sulphate of potash ^ oz., sugar of milk ^ oz., orris root 4 oz., oil of bitter almonds 4 drops. Coloured at pleasure. Elephant's (Mrs.) Tooth Powder. Bole 1 oz., myrrh, bark, and orris, each ^ oz. All to be finely powdered, and mixed. Florentine Dentifrice. Prepared shells 14 di's., orris 6 drs., cream of tartar 3 di's., lake to colour. French Tooth Powder. (See Coral Tooth Powder, above; also Galvanic, Deschamp's, &c.) Peruvian bark, burnt crust of bread, and sugar, in equal proportions. Galvanic Dentifrice. Triturate 2 leaves of gold-leaf and 3 of silver with 2 drs. of sulphate of potash and 1 dr. of alum ; then add white sugar 2 drs., common salt 1 dr., pellitory of Spain ^ dr., prepared hartshorn 1 oz., sulphate of quinine 10 grains ; mix. Colour with finest smalts (powder blue), rose, pink, or lake. Fozembas' recipe is : 2 leaves of gold, 2 of silver, alum 3 drs., salt 1| di's., white sugar li drs., pepper 15 grs., opium 5 grs., coral 3 drs., Peruvian bark 3 drs. Grind the gold and silver with the salt and alum, and add the latter ingredients. For the douhle galvanic tooth powder, put twicethe above quantities of gold, silver, alum, salt, pejiper, and opium. The galvanic action of the metals is thought to stimulate the gums. German Tooth Powder. Peru\'ian bark 6 drs., red sanders 2 drs., oil of cloves and of bergamot 3 drops. Grosvenor's Tooth Powder. Prepared shells and coral, of each 12 oz., oi'ris root 2 oz., oil of I'hodium 6 drops. Hemet's Dentifrice. It is said to consist of cuttle-fish bone 6 oz., cream of tartar 1 oz., orris f oz ; mix. TOOTH POWDEES 259 Jamet's. Orris 16 oz., magnesia 4 oz., pumice-stone 8 oz., cuttle-fish bone 8 oz., sulphate of quinine 4 oz., cascarilla 1 oz., sugar of milk 16 oz., oil of mint 1 oz., 'oil of cin- namon 2 drs., oil of neroli 1 dr., essence of ambergris 1 dr. Kemmeeee's. Wood-soot IJ oz., strawberry-root i oz., and a fe^^' drops of eau de Cologne. Lavendek Tooth Powdee. Crimson lake 1 dr., Chinese blue (or TurnbuU's blue) a scruple; mix atid add bicar- bonate of soda ^ oz., cuttle-fish bone 2 oz., precipitated chalk 6 oz., oil of lavender 8 di'ops. Laednee's Tooth Powder. See Chaecoal Tooth Pow- dee (gray). Lefoulon's Tooth Powdee. Scurvy-grass, horse-radish, guaiacum, cinchona, mint, pellitory root, calamus, rhatany, of each equal quantities. Reduce to an impalpable pow- der. A little calcined magnesia is sometimes added. Mauet's Caebonic Tooth Powdee. Charcoal 8 oz., cin- chona 4 oz., sugar 8 oz., oil of mint i oz., oil of cinnamon f oz., tincture of ambergris i dr. Metges' Tooth Powdee. Prepared chalk 3^ lbs., lake or rose-pink 1 lb., orris 2 lbs., cream of tartar 12 oz., levigated pumice 1 oz., sugar 9 oz., oil of cloves 1 dr. Mialhe's Rationax Dentieeice. Sugar of milk 3 oz., pure tauniu 3 drs., lake 1 dr., oil of mint 8 di'ops, oil of aniseed 8 drops, neroli 4 drops. Myeeh Dentieeice. Myrrh 1 oz., cuttle fish bone 4 oz., orris 3 oz. ; mix. Nichol's Tooth Powdee. Cuttle-fish bone, prepared chalk, orris, of each 1 oz. ; cassia i oz., mj'rrh i oz. ; mix. Palmee's Tooth Powdee. Prepared chalk 1 lb., camphor 1 oz., orris 1 lb., cuttle-fish bone 4 oz., rose pink 1 oz. Pearl Dentieeice. Precipitated chalk 16 oz., talc 8 oz., finest smalts i oz., or q. s. to give it a slight tint. Pelletiee's Quinine Dentieeice. Sulphate of quinine 4 grs., prepared red coral 1 oz., myrrh a scruple. For the coral may be substituted levigated bole 2 drs., precipitated chalk 6 drs. Regnaud's Dentifrice. Calcined magnesia i oz., sulphate of quinine 8 grs., carmme (or cochineal) i dr., oil of pep- permint 3 drops. 260 TEETH AND MOUTH COSMETICS Ehatany Tooth Powder. Rhatany root 2 oz., cuttle-fish bone 4 oz., prepared chalk 8 oz., borax 1 dr. RiGHiNi's Charcoal and Bark. Charcoal 4 parts, yellow bark 1 part. Rose Dentifrice. Lake -| dr., myi-rh 2 drs., bicarbonate of soda 2 drs., orris 2 oz., cuttle-fish bone 2 oz., precijsi- tated chalk 6 oz., otto of roses 16 drops ; or it may be coloured with rose pink to any desired shade. RuspiNi's Dentifrice. Cuttle-fish bone 8 oz., prepared hartshorn 2 oz., alum 1 oz., cream of tartar 2 oz., orris 1 oz., oil of rhodium G drops. Russian Tooth Powder. Peruvian bark 2 oz., orris root 1 oz., sal ammoniac i oz., cateclm 6 drs., myi-rh 6 drs., oil of cloves 6 or 8 drops. Saunders' Dentifrice. Prepared chalk 2 oz., cuttle-fish bone 1 oz., orris 1 oz., myrrh ^ oz., sulphate of quinine 10 grs. Dr. Sciioepf's Tooth Powder, against mercurial salivation. Alum 2 scruples, cinchona bark, 1 oz. Violet Tooth Powder. Orris root 2 oz., cuttle-fish bone 4 oz., precipitated chalk 12 oz., bicarbonate of soda ^ oz., essence of violets 1 dr., pure percyanide of iron and crim- son lake or rose-pink, enough to give it a pale violet colour. See Pulvis Dentifricius, Pocket Formulary. TOOTH PASTES. Any of the above tooth powders may be made into a paste with honey, clarified honey, or honey of roses. A little perfumed spirit may be added. A common objection to these pastes or electuaries, is their liability to fermenta- tion, or effervescence. Some makers keep the paste in the bulk for a considerable time, till the effervescence has completely subsided, and then put it up in pots for sale. Others heat the honey, stir in the powders, and keep the mixture warm till any effervescence produced by the action of the acidity of the honey on the cretaceous pow- der has subsided. It would pei-haps be preferable in all cases to use the prepared honey (see Mel Depuratum, Pocket Formulary) for these purposes. Electuaries of this TOOTH PASTES 261 kind are tcrincd by the French opials, althougli they may contain no ojnnm in any form. Coral Tooth Paste. dj)iat Dentifrice. 1. Prepared coral 5 oz., cream of tartar 3 oz., ciattle-fish bone 3 oz., cochi- neal \ dr., Narbonne honey 16 oz. — Desforges. 2. Opiat Dentifrice Rouge. Prepared coral 8 oz., cochineal 1 oz., cinnamon 2 oz., alum 3 drs., honey 20 oz., Avatcr 1 oz. ; triturate the cochineal with the alum and water, add the honey, then the coral and cinnamon ; leave tlie whole for 24 hours, or till the effervescence has sub- sided ; then rub it with a few drops of oil of cloves, or other aromatic oil, and j)ut it into covered pots for sale. Dyon's Charcoal Paste. Triturate \ dr. of chlorate of potash vnt\\ \ oz. of mint water, and add gradually 1 oz. of powdered charcoal. Metges' Tooth Paste. Metges' tooth powder (see back) 48 oz., Narbonne honey 32 oz., syrup 64 oz., cochineal 1 'oz., alum 1 oz., water 4 oz. ; triturate the cochineal and alum with the water (and strain), add the honey and syrup, and lastly the powder. Pelletier's Odoxtine. This is said to consist of mag- nesia and butter of cacao, aromatised with some essential oil. Rose Tooth Paste. Cuttle-fish bone 3 oz., prepared or precipitated chalk, 2 oz., orris 1 oz., lake or rose pink to give it a pale rose colour, otto of roses 16 drops, honey of roses q. s. Red or Cherry Paste. See Coral Paste, No. 2. Rosemary Paste. Levigated bole 4 oz., myrrh 1 oz., oil of rosemary 2 drs. (dissolved in 1 oz. rectified spirit), clari- fied honey q. s. Saline Tooth Paste. Sulphate of potash 1 oz., bay salt i oz., clarified honey q. s., eau de Cologne 2 drs. (or essence of ambergris 30 drops). VA>fiLLA Tooth Paste (French). Charcoal 1 oz., white honey 1 oz., vanilla sugar 1 oz., Peruvian bark J oz., and a few drops of any essential oil. The vanilla sugar may be made by triturating a drachm of saturated tincture of vanilla with 1 oz. of pure sugar, and drying the mi.xture with a gentle heat. White Tooth Paste. 1 (French). Orris, sal ammoniac. 262 TEETH AKD MOUTH COSMETICS cream of tartar, of each 2 oz., tincture of clniiamon and tincture of vanilla, of each 5 oz., oil of cloves 60 drops, clarified honey and syi'up to form a paste. 2. Precipitated chalk 4 oz., sulphate of potash i oz., prepared honey sufficient to form a paste.; to be flavoured with a few drops of otto of roses or oil of cinnamon, &c. LIQUID PREPARATIONS FOR THE TEETH AND GUMS, AsTEiNGENT Tincture for the Teeth and Gums. 1. Borax, alum, hay salt, of each a dr., spirit of camphor, tincture of myrrh, of each 1 oz., spirit of scurvy-grass (or of horseradish) 4 oz., tincture of rhatany 2 oz. ; mix, and shake occasionally for a day or two, then filter. A teaspoonful in a wineglassful of watei", to rinse the mouth after cleaning the teeth, or at any other time. 2. Tannin 1 dr., rose-water 4 oz., spirit of wine 2 oz., spirit of scurvy-grass (or of horseradish) 2 oz., essence of hitter almonds a few drops. Odoriferous tincture of Myrrh. 1. Choice Turkey myrrh 3 oz., eau de Cologne a quart ; digest for 7 days, and filter. 2. To 18 fluid oz. of tincture of myrrh add 2 oz. of essence of Cologne. (See Perfumery, back.) If the tincture should not be quite clear, add a few grs. of burnt alum, shake frequently, and filter in a day or two. BoRATED Tincture of Myrrh. 1. Myrrh 1 lb., eau de Cologne 16 lbs. borax 1 lb., distilled water 3 lbs., syrup 3 lbs., essence (or tincture) of roses 6 di-s., rhatany root 4 oz. ; digest for 10 or 12 days and filter. — Mr. Cockle. 2. Borax 1 oz., shell-lac i oz., myrrh 2 oz., spirit of camphor 2 oz., honey of roses 2 oz., rectified spirit a pint Cologne essence 2 drs., orange-flower or rose water 4 oz. ; digest for a few days in a warm place, shaking occasion- ally, and filter. 3. Borax 1 oz., shell-lac i oz., water 8 oz. ; boil together to 4 oz., and add spirit of scurvy-grass a pint, camphor i oz., myrrh 2 oz. ; digest and filter. ^*^ Borax is very readily soluble in glycerin. Antiscorbutic Elixir. Cinchona 3 oz., guaiacum 5 oz., LIQUID PEEPAEATIONS FOE THE TEETH, ETC. 263 pellitory 3 oz., orange-poel 2 di's., cloves 5 di's., saffron i dr., benzoin, 2 di's., spirit of ^\■ine or brandy 32 oz. ; digest and filter. — Desfoeges. Desforges' Extract of Pellitoet. Pellitory root 5 oz., cinchona 1 oz., benzoin 1^ di's., essence of peppermint 3 drs., brandy a quart. Elixir of Roses. Cloves 1 dr., cinnamon 3 oz., ginger 2 oz., spirit of wine 2^ pints, oil of orange-peel 1 dr., otto of roses 15 drops, essence of peppermint 1 oz. ; mix, digest for 15 days and filter. Lefandinieee's Eiixie. Rasped guaiacum wood ^ oz., pellitory 1 dr., nntmegs 1 di\, cloves i oz., oil of rosemary 10 drops, oil of bergamot 4 drops, brandy a pint ; macerate for a fortnight, and filter. Eau de Bottot. Aniseed 4 oz., cinnamon 1 oz., cloves 1 oz., cochineal 2 drs., oil of mint 2 drs., spirit of wine or brandy 8 lbs. j macerate 8 days, and filter. 2. Tincture of cedar wood 1 pint, tincture of myrrh 1 oz., mixed with the following essential oils : of pepper- mint ^ dr., of spearmint I dr., of cloves 10 di'ops, of roses 10 di-ops. — PlESSE. Eau Dentifrice de Stahl. Spirit of M-ine or brandy 2 gallons, rosewater 3 quarts, pellitory 5 oz., cypress root 3 oz., tormentil 3 oz., balsam of Peru 3 oz., cinna- mon 5 drs., goats' rue 1 oz., rliatany 1 oz. : macerate for 6 days, shaking it occasionally ; let it rest for 24 hours, and pour off the clear. Add to the clear liquor, oil of mint li drs., cochineal 4 drs. ; in 3 or 4 days, filter. Eatt dtt Dr. O'Meaea. It is a tincture of pellitory, vetivcr, cloves, orris, and coriander, with creasote, &c. BoRiEs' Odontalgic Elixir, Pellitory root 2 oz., simple spirit of lavender 16 oz., muriate of ammonia i dr. ; digest 24 hours and filter. Greenoitgh's Tincture. Bitter almonds 2 oz., Brazil wood i oz., cinnamon ^ oz., orris root i oz., cochineal, alum, salt of sorrel, each 1 dr., spirit of wine 32 fluid ounces, spirit of scur\^ grass 1 oz. Hudson's Preservative. Tincture of myrrh, tincture of bark, cinnamon water, of each 3 oz., arquebusade water 1 oz., powdered gum ^ oz. Cheltenham Dentai Tincture. Camphor 4i oz., mji-rh 264 TEETH AND MOtJTH COSMETICS 2 oz., bark 5 oz., rectified spirit 36 fluid oz., distilled water 8 oz. Lefoulom's Elixir foe the Teeth. Fresh roots of horse- radish, fi-esh leaves of scurvy grass and of mint, of each 6 drs., guaiacum, cinchona, pellitoi'y, calamus, and rhatany, each 5 drs., proof spirit a tjuart ; macerate for 16 days, and strain. Eau de Madame de la Veilliere poxte les dekts. Cinnamon 2 oz., cloves 6 drs., fresh lemon-peel 1^ oz., dried rose petals 1 oz., scurvy-grass 8 oz., spirit 3 lbs. ; macerate 24 hours, and distil in a water-bath. RusPiNi's TiNCTUEE. Orris 8 oz., cloves 1 oz., spirit 32 fluid oz., essence of ambergris 1 oz. (or ambergris a scruple); macerate 14 days, and filter. Feench Elixir foe the Teeth. Rose water 16 oz., spirit of scurvy-grass 2 oz., tincture of galbanum 1 oz. ; colour with cochineal. Alkakine IjOTION, for preventiitff injuri/ to the teeth from acid medicines. Bicarbonate of soda 4 drs., distilled water 8 oz., eau de Cologne 2 drs., aromatic spirit of ammonia 1 dr. The mouth to be rinsed out with the lotion immediately after swallowing any medicine containing an acid. Lotion of Chlorinated Soda, for purift/ing the breath, cleansing the mouth, removing inipleasant odours, &c. Liquid chlorinated soda 1 oz., distilled water 19 oz. ; mix. A teaspoonful in a glass of water. The same direction applies to most of the above. STRONGER TINCTURES, SOLUTIONS, OR ESSENCES, FOR TOOTHACHE. These are applied by moistening a little cotton wool or lint Avith the liquid, and introducing it into the cavity of the decayed and aching tooth. Where there is no cavity, they are sometimes applied to the gums surrounding the affected tootji. Most of them are stated by their several inventors or patrons, to give " immediate relief." The cavity should be dried with lint before applying the remedy. 1. M. Pieste's. Water of ammonia, with half the quantity of tmcture of opiimi ; applied as above. TINCTUKES FOR TOOTHACHE !265 2. Creasote 1 ili'., sjjirifc of camphor 2 drs., laudaimm 1 dr. Creasote is also used alone : so is carvacrol, a li(juid of similar properties. Laennec prescribes 1 part of creasote and 10 of alcohol. See also No. 14. 3. M. CoTTEREATj's. Etlicr saturated in the cold with camphor, and then a few drops of ammonia added. 4. Mr. Blake's. Finely powdered alum 1 dr., spirit of nitric ether 7 drs. 5. Faragway-roiix, or Compound Tincture of Para Cress. Flowers of Para cress 4 parts, Italian elecampane {Tnula hifrons) 1 part, pcllitory root 1 part, rectified spirit 8 parts ; macerate 14 days, and strain. 0. Mr. Elande's Tincture. Bruised pcllitory ^ oz., camphor ,3 drs,, opium 1 dr., oil of cloves ^ dr., rectified spirit 6 oz. ; digest for ten days, and strain. 7. Pellitory, ginger, cloves, camphor, of each 1 oz., tinc- ture of opium 4 oz., spirits of wine 16 oz. ; macerate for 8 days, and strain. 8. Camphor 1 dr., ether 4 drs. ; dissolve. 9. Camphor 2 drs., chloroform 1 dr., spirit of sal volatile idr. 10. Opium 2 oz., mastic 1 oz., balsam of Tolu 1 dr., camphor 1 oz., oil of cloves 1 dr., rectified spirit 16 lluid oz., oil of bitter almonds 8 drops. 11. Creasote and chloroform, of each 2 drs., Sydenham's laudanum 4 drs., tinct. benzoin 1 oz. 12. Chloral and camphor, of each 1 dr., morphia 2 grs., oil of peppermint 2 drs. 13. Boerhaave's Odontalgic. Rectified spirit 1 oz., camphor i oz., opium 1 scruple, oil of cloves 80 drops. 14. Lemaztjkier's Odontalgic Cherry-laurel water 2 oz., acetate of morphia 1 gr. Wash the mouth with warm water, to a glass of which a few drops of this mi.\ture have been added. 15. Oil of rosemary 2 oz., tincture of galbanuni 1 oz. ; mix. Cotton wet with this, is to be introduced into the ear. 16. RitiGiNi's. Alcohol 4 drs., creasfite 6 drs., tincture of cochineal 2 drs., oil of peppermint 3 drops. 17. Mr. Drttitt's. Tannin 20 grs., mastic 5 grs., ether 2 drs. Wash the mouth with warm water containing a little 266 TEETH AND MOUTH COSMETICS carbonate of soda ; lance the gums, and apply the tincture to the cavity of the tooth on cotton. 18. Mr. Tomes recommends a solution of mastic in chloroform. The mastic serves to retain the chloroform, but the latter may be used alone on cotton or lint. Mr. Beatson uses a solution of copal in chloroform. 19. Chloroform and white of egg, equal parts, digested for 4 hours, then applied on lint. Henbane Fumig-ation foe Toothache. A popular remedy is to throw henbane seed on hot cinders, inverting a cup over them to I'eceive the smoke and empyreumatic oil pro- duced. The cup is then filled with hot water, and the steam conveyed to the affected side of the mouth. Dr Downing' s Aiieuralgicon would probably prove a more effective means of applying remedies of this kind. See Gutta; Odontalgicaj. — Pocket Formulary. PILLS, OR PASTES, FOR TOOTHACHE. masses ODONTALGIQtfES. 1. De Handel's. Opium 12 grs., camphor 24 grs., ca- jeput oil 4 drops, tincture of cantharides 4 drops, extract of henbane and of belladonna, of each 24 grs., distilled water of opium q. s. 2. Vogiee's. Powdered opium 1 oz., mastic 2 drs., sandai-ach 2 drs., dragon's blood i dr., oil of rosemary 8 di'ops, spirit to form a paste ; to be applied near the affected tooth. 3. Powdered alum 1 dr., powdered mastic i dr., spirit of nitric ether q. s. to form a paste. 4. Rust's. Opium 5 grs., oil of cloves 3 di'ops, extract of henbane 5 grs., extract of belladonnna 10 grs., powdered pellitory sufficient to form a paste. CEMENTS, &c., FOR STOPPING THE CAVITIES OF TEETH. These are harder than the preceding, and intended to remain in the tooth for an indefinite time. In all cases the cavity should be previously cleansed from all extraneous CEMENTS FOE STOPPING CATITIES 267 matters, and wiped perfectly dry with a piece of lint or blotting paper. 1. Soubeiean's. Powdered mastic and sandarach, of each 4 drs., dragon's blood 2 drs., opium 15 grs., mix with sufficient rectified spirit to form a stiff jjaste. A solu- tion of mastic, or of mastic and sandarach, in half the quantity of alcohol, is also used, applied with a little cotton or Imt. 2. Sandarach 12 parts, mastic 6 parts, amber in powder 1 part, ether 6 parts. Applied with cotton. Or simply a paste of powdered mastic and ether. Or a saturated ethereal solution of mastic, applied with cotton. 3. Taveare's Cement is made with mastic and burnt alum. Beenoth directs 90 parts of powdered mastic to be digested with 40 of ether, and enough powdered alum added to form a stifE paste. 4. Gutta i^ercha, softened by heat, is recommended. Dr. RoLLFS advises melting a piece of caoutchouc at the end of a wire, and mtroducing it while warm. 5. Gaugee's Cement. Put into a quart bottle 2 oz. of mastic and 3 oz. of absolute alcohol ; apply a gentle heat by a water-bath. When dissolved, add 9 oz. of dry balsam of Tolu, and again heat gently. A piece of cotton dipped in this viscid solution, becomes hard when introduced into the tooth, previously cleansed and dried as above. 6. Mr. Eobinson's. After washing out the mouth with warm water, containing a few grains of bicarbonate of soda, and cleaning the canity as above directed, he drops into it a drop of collodion, to which a little morphia has been added, fills the cavity with asbestos and satu- rates \\ith collodion, placing over all a pledget of blotting- paper. 7. Ostermaiee's Cement. Mix 12 parts of dry phos- phoric acid with 13 of pure and pulverized quicklime. It becomes moist in mixing, in which state it is introduced into the cavity of the tooth, where it quickly becomes hard. [In some hands this has failed, from what cause we do not know.] The acid should be prepared as directed under Trade Chemicals (Acid, Phosphoric). 8. Silica. This name has been given to a mixture of 268 TEETH AND MOUTH COSMETICS Paris plaster, levigated porcelain, iron filings, and di'Cgs of tincture of mastic, ground together. 9. Wieih's Cement. It is said to consist of a viscid alcoholic solution of resins, with powdered asbestos. 10. Metallic Cement. Amalgams for the teeth are made with gold or silver, and quicksilver, the excess of the latter being squeezed out, and the stiif amalgam used warm. Inferior kinds are made with quicksilver and tin, or zinc. A popular nostrum of this kind is said to con- sist of 40 gps. of quicksilver and 20 of fine zinc filings, mixed at the time of using. Mr. Evans states that pure tin, with a small portion of cadmium, and sufficient quick- silver, forms the most lasting and least objectionable amal- gam. The following is the formula ; Melt 2 i^arts of tin with 1 of cadmium, run it into ingots, and reduce it to filings. Form these into a fluid amalgam with mercury, and squeeze out the excess of mercury through leather. Work up the solid residue in the hand, and press it into the tooth. Or, melt some bees'-wax in a pipkin over the fire, throw in 5 parts of cadmium, and, when melted, add 7 or 8 parts of till in small pieces ; pour the melted metals into an iron or wooden box, and shake them till cold, so as to obtain the alloy in a powder. This is mixed with 2^ or 3 times its weight of quicksilver in the iialm of the hand, and used as above. Another cement consists of about 73 parts of silver, 21 of tin, and 6 of zinc, amalgamated with quicksilver. An amalgam of copper is said to be sometimes used. But this class of stoppings is altogether disapproved of by other aiithorities. Pure leaf-gold seems the least objectionable. 11. Maemoratum. Finely levigated glass, mixed with tin amalgam. 12. PouDEE Metalliqve. The article sold under this name in Paris appears to be an amalgam of silver, mer- cury, and ammonium, \\ith an excess of mercury, which is pressed out before using it. 13. Fusible Metal. Melt together 8 parts of bismuth, 5 of lead, 3 of tin, and li or 1-6 of quicksilver, with as little heat as possible. — Chaudet. 14. NoN Expensive Metallic Tooth- Stopi'Ing. Take 1 part of sulphate of mercury, 1 part of copper in fino CEMENTS FOR STOPPING CAVITIES 269 powder ; rub them well together with a little warm water; when the amalgam is formed wash well, and remove the surplus of mercury l)y pressing it through cliamois leather. — Phaem. Jouen. SxPENsiNE Metallic Tooth-Stopping, and much pee- FEEABLE. Take pure gold, pure gelatiiie, I part of each, pure silver, 2 parts, melt, and when refrigerated, reduce to a powder by means of a file ; wash weli and dry. In the nioment of using it, add sufficient mercury to form a plastic paste. — Phaem Jouen. i^ASTE POR Destroying the Sensibility of the Dental Pulp previous to Stopping. Arsenious acid 30 grains, sulphate of morphia 20 grains, creasote q. s. [Unsafe it is only inserted by way of warning, against what may prove an unsuspected cause of mischief.] 'ivots for Artificial Teeth. An alloy of platinum and silver. ipRiNGS FOR Artificial Teeth. Equal parts of copper, silver, and palladium. — Chaudet. [For Cachou Aromatise, and other compounds for sweet- ening the breadth, see Perfumeey.] :aeachk. Simple Cure for. Take a common tobacco-pipe, place a v.-ad of cotton in the bowl, drop upon it 8 or 10 drops of chloroform, and cover with another wad of cotton ; place the stem to the afPected ear, tlien blow into the bowl, and in many cases the pain \nll cease ahnost immediately. • — American Journal. BEVERAGES, DIETETIC ARTICLES, AND CONDIMENTS BEVERAGES : AND POWDERS FOR PREPARING THEM. We have placed here such beverages as are rather employed as a refreshing luxury than either medicinally of as re- gular articles of diet. Wines, spirits, &c., are necessarily excluded. The medicinal mineral waters will be found elsewhere. GiNGEE Beee. 1. Lifuse 3 oz. of bruised ginger in 4 gal- lons of boiling water till cold. Strain through tammy or flannel. Dissolve in the liquor 5 lbs. of loaf sugar, and add half a pint of sohd yeast, and 2^ oz. of cream of tartar. In cold weather it will be necessary to set the cask near the fire, so as to excite brisk fermentation. As soon as this subsides, rack off the clear liquor, return it into the cask previously washed out, and allow it to work for a day or two longer. Then draw it off and bottle it. — Mr. DoKOVAN. 2. Ginger sliced 1 oz., dried oi'ange peel J oz. ; tie them in a bag, and boil with 16 lbs. of water, and strain ; add f of an oz. of tartaric or citric acid, 25 drops of essence of lemon, and 24 oz. of loaf sugar. Wlien sufficiently cool, add 2 tablespoonfuls of fresh yeast; let it work for 12 hours and bottle it. 3. Ginger sliced f oz., essence of lemon (rubbed -with sugar) i dr., lump sugar 12 oz., boiling water 8 lbs. ; infuse till cold and strain. Ferment as above, \>ith 3 or 4 spoonfuls of yeast, and bottle. J BEVEEAGES 271 4. Boil 2i oz. of bruised giuger and 3 lbs. of sugar in 3i gallons of water for 20 minutes ; put Into [a large pan 1 oz. cream of tartar, and the juice and rind of two lemons ; pour the boiling liquor over them, and stir the whole well together ; when milk-warm add ^ pint of good ale yeast, cover it, and let it work for 2 or 3 days, skimming it fre- quently ; then strain it through a jelly -bag into a cask, add i pint of brandy, bung down close, and in 2 or 3 weeks, bottle it in the usual way. 5. Boil 22 oz. bruised ginger in 3 gallons of water for ^ an hour ; add 20 lbs. of white sugar, 18 oz. of lemon -juice, 1 lb. of honey, and 15 gallons of water, and strain through a cloth. When cold add the white of an egg, and i oz. of essence of lemon; after standing 4 days, bottle, and lay the bottles in a cellar for three weeks. 6. Prepare a clear decoction or infusion of ginger with sugar and lemon as above ; but instead of fermenting it with yeast, charge it strongly mth carbonic acid gas by means of a machine. 7. Imperial Pop. Cream of tartar 3 oz., ginger 1 oz., white sugar 24 oz., lemon-juice 1 oz., boiling water a gallon and a half ; when cool, strain, and ferment with 1 oz. of yeast, and bottle. jrlEAMBING, OE LiMONIATED GiNGER BeEE. 1. Boil 4^ OZ. of ginger with 11 quarts of water : beat up four eggs to a froth, and add them with 9 lbs. of sugar to the preceding. Take 9 lemons, peel them carefully, and add the rind and juice to the foregoing. Put the whole into a barrel, add 3 spoonfuls of yeast, bung down the barrel, and in about 12 days bottle it ofp. In 15 days it wiU be fit for drink- ing ; but it improves by keeping. 2. To 10 gallons of water add 11^ lbs. of loaf sugar, and the whites of 10 eggs well beaten ; boil till the scum rises, and add 6 oz. of bruised ginger ; boil for 20 minutes, then pour the hot liquor on the rinds of 12 lemons thinly peeled ; when cold, put into a barrel the juice of 12 lemons, 1 oz. of isinglass, a gill of brandy, and a spoonful of yeast, and fill the barrel with the liquor. In a fortnight it will be ready to bottle. GiNGEE Beee Powdees. Fuie powder of Jamaica ginger 4 or 5 drs., bicarbonate of soda 3? oz., refined sugar in 272 BEVERAGES powder 14 oz., essence of lemon 30 drops : mix, and divide into 5 dozen powders. (Or 4 to 5 grs. of ginger, 28 of bicai'bonate of soda, 112 of sugar, and ^ drop of essence of lemon, in each j)owder.) In the other powder, put 32 grs. of tartaric acid ; or 35 grs. if a more decidedly acidulated beverage is required. Or from 30 to 33 grs. of citric acid. [Other formulae are also in use. Dr. Pereiea gives the following : — Bicarbonate of soda 30 grs., white sugar 1 dr., powdered ginger 5 grs., in each blue jjaper ; and 25 grs. of tartaric acid in each white paper. This is less agreeable, but perhaps more friendly to the stomach, than when the acid is in slight excess. The following is from the Phar- maceutical Journal : — Sugar 2 drs., sescpiicarbonate of soda 2 scruples (misprinted 3 drachms in vol. 3), ginger 4 or 5 grs., essence of lemon 1^ or 2 drops, in each blue paper ; with 35 grs. of tartaric acid.] Ginger Beer Powder in one Bottle. (The soda, acid, and sugar must be very carefully dried, separately, and at a temperature not exceeding 120°.) Fine powder of Jamaica ginger 4 or 5 drs., bicarbonate of soda 3i oz., double-refined sugar 14 oz., essence of lemon 30 drops, tartaric acid 4^ oa. The acid and soda should not be too finely powdered. Mix the powders, recently dried in a warm mortar, and immediately put the mixture into dry bottles, and cork securely. A measure holding 3 drs. should accompany each bottle. Lemon Juice (factitioi^s). Dissolve 4 oz. of citric acid in 3 pints of water, with 8 drops of essence of lemon (rubbed with the acid, or dissolved in a little spirit or tincture of fresh lemon-peel). After standing a few days filter it, and keep it in well-closed bottles. Orange Juice (factitious). Citric acid 1 oz., water 2 pints, oil of orange-peel 4 dro^is, tincture of orange-peel ^ oz. As the last. King Cup ; or Lemon Drink without Acid. 1. Pour a cpiart of cold water on the thin peel of 1 or 2 lemons : let them infuse 6 or 8 hours ; then strain. — Mr. Brande. 2. Pour a pint of boiling water on the outer rind of one lemon, a small piece of dried orange-peel, and a moderate- sized lump of sugar. AND POWDEES FOE PKEPABtNO TJtEM 273 Lemonade, Acidulated (not Aerated). 1. Fresh lemon- juice 4 oz., fresh lemou-peel (thinly peeled) ^ oz., white sugar 4 oz., boiling water 3 pints. Strain when cold.-^ Mr. Brande. 2. Imperial. Cream of tartar 1^ drs., a slice of thin lemon-peel, a lump of sugar j pour on them a quart of boiling water. Strain when cold. To be taken as a cool- ing drink. 3. Common. Cut 2 lemons into slices, add 2 oz. of sugar, and pour on them a quart of boiling water. It is sometimes made with cold water. 4. French. Syrup of citric acid 2 oz., water a quart, spirit of lemon-peel a teaspoonf ul. 5. Juice and thin peel of 1 lemon, citric acid 1 dr., sugar 3 oz., boiling water a quart. It may be varied by substituting for the sugar, syrup of raspberries, or of other fruits. Aerated or Effervescing Lemonade. This may be made by putting into each bottle (soda-water bottle) 1 oz. or 1^ oz. of syrup of lemons, and filling it up witli simple aerated water from the machine. [The syrup is made by dissolving 30 oz. of lump sugar in 16 oz. of fresh lemon-juice, by a gentle heat. It may be aromatized by adding 30 or 40 drops of essence of lemon to the sugar ; or by rubbing part of the sugar on the peel of 2 lemons ; or by adding to the syrup an ounce of a strong tincture of fresh lemon-peel, or of the distilled spirit of the same.] Effera'escing Lemonade, without a Machine. Put Into each bottle 2 drs. of sugar, 2 drops of essence of lemon, \ dr. bicarbonate of potash, and water to fill the bottle ; then drop in 35 or 40 grs. of citric or tartaric acid in crystals, and cork immediately, placing the bottles in a cool place, or preferably, in iced water. Mr. Eartlett recommends 2 scruples of sesquicarbonate of soda, 2 drs. of sugar, 4 drops of essence of lemon, and half a pint of water, lastly, a dr. of tartaric acid in crystals. Care must be taken to avoid accidents from the bursting of the l)ottles. Another form is : — Into a soda-water ])ottle nearly filled with water, put 1 oz. of sugar, 2 drops of essence of lemon (dropped oil tlie sugar), 20 grs, of bicarbonate of potash 18 274 BETEEAGES in crystals ; and, lastly, 30 to 40 grs. o£ citric acid, also in crystals. Cork immediately. Mile Lemonade. Dissolve 1^ lbs. of sngar in a quart of boiling water, add i pint of fresh lemon-juice, and the same of sherry; and, lastly, two thirds of a pint of cold milk. Stir together, and strain. Det Lehoxade, oh AciDrLATED Lemonade Potvdee. Citric acid f oz., refined sugar 8 oz., essence of lemon 36 drops. Some recipes direct a larger quantity of acid, others a much larger proportion of sugar. Effeevescing Lemonade Powdees. Bicarbonate of soda Si 07.., refined sugar 14 oz., essence of lemon 60 drops. [Sometimes 12 or more grains of the powdered yellow rind of lemon-peel are added to colour it.] Mix, and dinde into 60 powders, or 140 grains in each blue paper. Li the white papers put from 30 to 82 grs. of citric acid. or from 32 to 35 grs. of tartaric acid. Or the mixed alkaline powder and the acid may be put into separate bottles, furnished with measures holding the proper quan- tity of each. EFFEEVE3CIN& LEMONADE POWDEES IN ONE BOTTIE. Ifote. — Tlie powders must all be separately and carefully dried, at a moderate temperature, before mixing, and when mixed, ' must be carefully secured from the air. 1. Bicarbonate of soda 1 oz., refined sugar 3^ oz., tar- taric acid li oz., essence of lemon 30 drops; mix, and put into well-corked bottles. 2. Mix 3^ oz. of bicarbonate of soda, 14 oz. of double refined sugar, 60 drops of essence of lemon, and 4 oz. to 4i oz. of tartaric acid. 3. Lemon-Kali. Acidulated Kali. Sesquicarbonated . soda 8 oz., tartai'ic acid 8 oz., refined sugar 16 oz., essence of lemon 100 drops : mix. — Pharmaceutical Journal. Oeanoeade, oe Sherbet. 1. Juice of 4 oranges, thin peel of 1 orange, lump sugar 4 oz., boiling water 3 pints. 2. Juice and peel of 1 large orange, citric acid ^ dr.^^ sugar 3 oz., boiling water a quart. Effervescino or Aeeated Oranoeade, or Sherbet. 1. Mix 1 lb. of syrup of orange-peel, a gallon of water, and 1 oz. of citric acid, and charge it strongly with car- bonic acid gas with a machine. I AXD POWDEES FOE PEEPAEIJS'G THEM 275 2. iSyrup of orange juice f oz., aerated water half a pint. 3. Simple syrup ^ fluid oz., tincture of orauge-peel ^ dr., citric acid 1 scruple; fill the bottle with aerated water. 4. Put into a soda-water bottle A oz. to 1 oz. of syrup of orange-peel, 30 grs. of bicarbonate of potash, 8 oz. of water and, lastly, 40 grs. of citric acid in crystals, and cork immediately. 5. Rit into each bottle 2 or 3 drs. of sugar, 2 di-ops of oil of orange-peel, 30 grs. of bicarbonate of potash, or 25 grs. of bicarbonate of soda ; water to fill the bottle, and 40 grs. of citric acid, as before. Aeeated Sherbet oe Oeaxgeade Powdees. Powdered sugar 14J oz., powdered orange-peel 12 grs., oil of orange- peel 60 drops, essence of cedrat 12 drops, bicarbonate of soda 3^ oz. ; mix, and put 145 grs. in each blue paper. In the white paper put 32 grs. of tartaric (or rather 30 grs. of citric) acid. Or the alkaline and acid powders may be put into separate bottles, with a measure holding the proper proportion of each. The orauge-peel may be omitted. Aeeated Sheebet Powdees in one Bottie. Double- refined sugar 14^ oz. [powdered orange-peel 12 grs.], bicar- bonate of soda 3 4 oz., essence of cedrat 12 drops, oil of orange-peel 60 drops, tartaric acid 4 oz. The powders must be carefully cb'ied, mixed quickly, and afterwards kept dry, and securely corked. A measitre holding nearly 3 drs. of the powder should accompany each bottle. Obaxgeade Powdeb, not Aeeated. Citric acid h oz., sugar 8 oz., oil of orange-peel 20 drops. Soda Powdees. The usual proportions are — 30 or 32 grs., of bicarbonate of soda in each blue paper ; and 25 or 26 grs. of tartaric acid in each white paper. AciDrLATED Effertesci>'G Powdees; for making effer- vescing drinks with concentrated syrups of lemon, ginger, &c. Put into separate papers, distinguished by their dif- ferent coloiirs, 20 grs. of bicarbonate of soda, and 28 grs. of citric or tartaric acid. One of each powder to be dis- solved separately in one third of a tumbler of water, and a teaspoonful of the syrup added to the acid solution, and the liquids mixed. 27G beVeeageS [The Concentrated Sykups are thus made — Concentrated Syrup of Ginger. Simple syinip 7i fluid ouuees, essence of ginger (1 part ginger to 1 of spii-it) i oz. Concentrated Si/rup of Lemon-peel. Strong tincture of lemon-peel* 1 oz., simple syrup 15 fluid ounces. Concentrated Syrup of Orange-pjeel. Strong tincture of fresh orange-peel* ^ oz., simple syrup 7i fluid ounces. [Syrup of raspberries, pine-apples, and other fruit, may he used with the above powders in the same way.] For Seidlitz and other Medicated Powders, see Mineeal Waters and Powders, at the end of Patent Medicines, &c. Spruce Beer. Water 10 gallons, treacle or lump sugar (according to the colour required) 6 lbs. ; essence of spruce 4 oz. ; add yeast, and fennent as for ginger beer. Spruce Beer Powders. In each blue paper put 5 scruples of powdered sugar, 28 grs. of bicarbonate of soda, and 10 grs. essence of spruce. In each white paper 30 grs. of tartaric acid. Treacle Beer. 1. Brown sugar 1 lb., treacle 1 lb., bruised ginger 1 oz., hops 5 oz. ; boil for a few minutes in 3 quarts of water, strain, and add 5 quarts of cold water : add a spoonful of fresh yeast ; let it work all night, and bottle it in the morning. 2. Treacle 14 lbs., hops Ij lbs., water 36 gallons, yeast 1 lb. Boil the hops with the w-ater, add the treacle, and strain. Cool to 80°, and ferment with the yeast. In winter i oz. of Cayenne pods with the hops is an improvement. — Family Friend. Capillaibe. To a pint of boiling water add 3 oz. of fine maidenhair ; remove from the fire, cover, and set near the fire for 3 hours ; strain, and add ^ pint of orange-flower water. Boil a gallon of fine syrup till reduced to 7 pints, then add the infusion, and boil for ten minutes ; strain through a jelly-bag, and when quite cold, bottle the syrup. It is used to give a fine flavour to water. * These tinctures are thus made: fresh lemon-peel, thin, and cut small, 4oz. ; rectified spirit 8 oz. ; digest for some dajs, and strain. Fresh peel of Seville oranges 4 oz.; spirit 16 oz. CONCENTRATED STRTTPS 277 Ltmoxiated Capillaiee. Refined sugar 24 oz., water 12 oz. ; dissolve by a gentle heat ; and 'add essence of lemon 30 drops, neroli 3 drops, citric acid 2 oz., orange-flower ^\'ater 4 oz. ^YEUP OF Pine Apple. Expressed juice of pine apple a pint ; loaf sugar 2 lbs. Boil gently, and when cold filter. 5IR0P p'Oegeat. See Syrnpus Amygdalaj, Pocket Formu- lary. Another formula for this excellent syrup is the fol- lowing : Take 20 oz. of sweet and 8 oz. of bitter almonds, 9 lbs. of white sugar, and 4 pints of water. Blanch the almonds, dry them well, beat them with a portion of the sugar, and add gradually two thirds of the water ; strain through linen, wash the almonds on the strainer with the rest of the water, and dissolve the sugar in the strained liquor by a gentle heat. Pour the syrup into an earthen vessel, remove the scum, and when nearly cold, add 2 oz. of orange-flower water. IciDtTLATED RASPBERRY Syrup. Put 6 Ibs. of raspberries into a china or glass bowl, or an earthen pan not glazed with lead, with a quart of water in which has been dis- solved 2| oz. of tartaric (or preferably citric) acid, and let it remain 24 hours ; then strain it, taking care not to bruise tlie fruit. To each pint of clear liquor add 1^ lbs. of pounded loaf sugar, and stir it with a silver spoon till dissolved ; leave it for a few days, then bottle it close. A little of this syrup, or of either of the two following, with water, forms a refreshing drink in warm weather, and in some febrile disorders. LCIDULATED STRAWBERRY SyRUP. As RASPBERRY SyRUP, using 2 oz. of citric acid, instead of 2^ oz. of tartaric acid. lASPBERRY Vinegar. Put a pint and a half of best wine vinegar to 3 lbs. of fruit in a glass or porcelain vessel ; leave them together for a fortnight, then strain without pressure. Or put an equivalent quantity of strong acetic acid (4 oz. of the usual strength) to the fruit, in the same way. Or it may be made as directed above for Acidulated Raspberry Syrttp. Vhet Powder. Sugar of milk in fine powder 2 oz., pow- dered white sugar 7 oz., gum Arabic i oz. ; mix. An 278 DIETETIC AETICLES ounce dissolved in a quart of water is used as a substitute for wliey. Whet may be made by adding a little infusion of rennet (prepared calf's stomach) to milk, and gently heating _ it till curdled. It is also made by heating a quart of milk nearly to boiling, and adding either a little lemon juice, orange-juice, solution of citric acid, vinegar, or white wine, or cream of tartar, sufficient to turn it. It is then strained. If required bright, beat up the white of an egg with a portion of the whey, mix with the rest, boil for a moment, and run it through a jelly-bag. See Serum Lactis, Pocket Formulary. One or two recipes in Confectionery may be introduced here. Oeakge Maemalade. 1. Procm-e some large Se\'ille oranges mth clear skins, peel them, squeeze out the_ pulp and juice, taking, care to remove all the pips. Boil the peel, divided into quarters, till they are sufficiently tender ; scrape clean air the inside from them, lay them in folds, and cut them into very thin slices about an inch long. Weigh the juice, pulp, and boiled peel ; then add broken lump sugar equal in M-eight to the whole, and boil for lialf an hour, carefully remo\ing the scum. Then put it into pots, and when quite cold, cover them over. 2. Instead of using all Se%ille oranges, let only half or a third of them be bitter, and the rest, common sweet oranges. Proceed in the same way as above. Some add honey. CUEEANT Jelly. Pick the currants, put them in an earthen jar, and place it m boiling water till the juice is extracted. Strain through a sieve without pressing them, and boil the juice in an enamelled saucepan with its weight of loaf sugar, removing the scum as it rises. "VNTien it will jelly on" the back of a cold spoon, it is sufficiently done. A little of the jelly dissolved in warm water forms an agreeable beverage. DIETETIC ARTICLES. As the ingredients of some of the following compounds are usually sold by druggists, who may be expected to furnish information as to the manner of using them, and as they DIETETIC AETICLES 279 may all be regarded as auxiliaries to medical treatment, some notice of them here seems desirable, though it must necessarily be brief and incomplete. Akeow-eoot. [West Indian arrow-root is the fecula of the tubers of the Marauta arundinacea ; East Indian arrow- root is obtained from the Curcuma augustifolia ; South Sea or Tahiti arrow-root from the Tacca pinnatifida. They have all the same properties, and are used in the same manner]. Mix a dessert-spoonful of arro^^Toot ■with sufficient cold water to form a soft paste j rub it till quite smooth, and add half a pint of boiling water, stir- ring it briskly. Boil it for a miniate or two, and when removed from the fire add a tea spoonful of sherry or other white wine (where wine is admissible), with a little grated nutmeg or lemon-peel, and sugar to the taste. For yomig children, milk should be used instead of water, and the wine omitted ; it is also more nourishing in this form for those invalids with whom milk agi*ees. Tors LES Mois. [The fecula of a species of Canna.] It is used in the same way as arrow-root ; but rather less is required. It forms a more tenacious, but less transparent jelly- Sago. [The granulated fecula of the pith of one or more species of the Sago Palm.] Wash an ounce of pearl sago in cold water ; then boil it very gently in a pint of fresh water, stirring it frequently till dissolved. It may be flavoured with wine, spices, and sugar, as directed for arrow-root. For childi'en, and for consumptive and debi- litated patients, it may be made \\-itli milk instead of water. The common sago, being in larger grains, requires more time to dissolve ; and is usually steeped for some hours before boiling it. Tapioca. [Obtained from the tuberous roots of the Cassava (Jatropha manihot). It is usually sold in small lumps formed by drying the fecula on hot plates.] It is used in the same way as sago ; but requires to be pre^dously steeped for some hours, or to be simmered for a longer time. It forms a clear jelly, which may be flavoured with wine, spices, and sugar, as directed for arrow-root ; but is more nourishing when made with milk. 280 DIETETIC ARTICLES Sago Posset, for invalids. Macerate a tablespoon fnl of sago in a pint of water for 2 honr.H on the hob of a stove, then boil for 15 minutes, assiduously stirring. Add sugar with an aromatic, snch as ginger or nutmeg, and a table- spoonful or more of white wine. If the wine be not per- mitted, flavour with lemon-juice. Sago or Tapioca Milk, for invalids. Take an ounce of cither of these feculie, and soak it in a pint of cold water for an hour; then pfnir off this water, and, adding 1^ j)int3 of good milk, boil slowly until well incorporated. — Dr. A. T. Thomson. Tapioca Ptddixg, for invalids. Beat up I ounce of sugar with the yolks of 2 eggs, and stir the mixture into a pint of tapioca milk. — Dr. Thomson. Arrow-root milk and jmdding may be made like th(' corresponding ])rcparations of tapioca Panada, for invalids. Place in a saucepan some very thin slices of brea(f. Another kind of alum, sometimes used as a mor- MISCELLANEOUS PEEPARATIONS 313 dant, consists almost entirely of sulphate of ahnnina, and is probably made by boiling fine clay, free from iron, with sulphuric acid, and cooling the solution so as to obtain a solid mass. See Dyes, &c. AiitTMiNirrM, TO Frost. The metal is plunged into a solu- tion of caustic potash. The surface, becoming frosted, does not tarnish on exposure to the air. — Macadam. Aluminium Bronze. 10 parts of aluminium are melted with 90 parts of copper. It is said to be as tenacious as steel. Amadou. Prepared from Boletus igniarius, B. fomentarius, and some other allied species of fungi. The fungus is cut into thin slices, the hard external parts removed, and the rest beaten with a mallet till soft. This forms sur- geon^ s agaric. If intended for German tinder, it is soaked in a solution of nitre, and sometimes sprinkled with gun- powder, and carefully dried. Amalgams. See Alloys, above. Ammonia, Sulphate and Carbonate of. An impure sulphate of ammoi»' , suitable for agricultural purposes, is obtained by neutv lizing the ammoniacal liquor of gas- works with sulphuric acid. By recrystallization and fi.ltration through animal charcoal, it may be obtained in a state of greater purity. The carbonate (hydrated sesqui- carbonate) is obtained by mixing either this suljihatc, or sal-ammoniac, with chalk, and subliming it in iron retorts into leaden receivers. It is further purified by resubliming it with a gentle heat. See Ammonia Carbonas, Pocket Formulary. Anatomical Injections. 1. Tallow, resin, and wax, equal parts ; melt over a slow fire ; and add red lead or vermi- lion sufficient to colour. For coarse preparations. 2. A strong solution of isinglass, coloured as required. For delicate preparations. 3. Amalgam Injection. Melt together 1 oz. each of bismuth, lead, and zinc, and, when melted, add 2 oz. of quicksilver. Also for delicate parts. Anatomical Subjects, and Animal Substances, to Pre- serte. 1. M. Gannal's Solution. Common salt 2 lbs., alum 2 lbs., nitre 1 lb., water 4 gallons. M. Gannal injects into the carotid artery a solution of sulphate of alumina, 314 TEADE CHEMICALS of density 1*286. From 5 to 7 piuts are required in sum- mer, but less will suffice in winter. 2. Dr. Babington injects pyroxylic spirit into the aorta, and a little into the cavity of the peritoneum and the rectum. 3. Chlobai Hydrate is a powerful antiseptic, made into a weak solution ; it may be successf idly employed for the preservation of anatomical preparations. 4. Mr. Go ABBY, for insects, and for preparations of their organs. Bay salt 4 oz., alum 2 oz., cori'osive sublimate from 2 to 4 grains, water 1 to 2 quarts. The weaker pro- portions should always be employed in the first instance. Let the insect or its organs be covered with the fluid, which should be changed frequently. 5. For Mollusca. Bay salt ^ oz., arsenic ^ dr., subli mate 2 grs., water a quart ; dissolve. 6. Mr. PiGNE, for preserving pathological specimens. Creasote 3 to 6 drops, water a pint. 7. Caebolic Acid, often sold for creasote, may be used in the same manner. 8. PuBE Glyceeine. Found especially useful in preserv- ing the fresh tints of fishes, &c., intended for exhibition in museums. 9. Dr. Staptiton, for patliological specimens. In a quart of saturated solution of alum dissolve \ dr. of nitre. A recent prepai'ation immersed in this liquid becomes dis- coloured ; but withui a few days the colour returns. It is then put into a saturated and filtered solution of alum. M. Eeboulet proposes : Water 16 parts, chloride of lime 4, alum 2, nitre 1. 10. Chloride of tin 4 (or corrosive sublimate 5) parts, in 100 of water, with 2 of hydrochloric acid. — Mr. Cooley. 11. For preserving Animals. Alum 32 oz., nux vomica 3 oz., water 5 pints ; boil to 4^ pints. Wlien cold, filter, or decant. This serves for injection. The residue, mixed with yolk of egg, is iised for anointing the interior of the skin and fleshy parts left in skinning animals. 12. For preserving Feathers. Strychnine 16 grs., recti- fied spirit a pint. (Dangerous.) See Stuffing Bieds, &c. Ankotto, Pueified. To a boiling solution of pearlash add as much annotto as it will dissolve. When cold, decant MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS 315 the clear solution, and neutralize with diluted sulphuric acid, avoiding any excess. Wash the precipitate with a little cold water, and dry it. Annotto, Solution of. Boil equal weights of annotto and pearlash with water, and dilute to the required colour. Anti-attbition, and Axle Grease. 1. One part of fine black-lead, ground perfectly smooth, with 4 parts of lard. Some recipes add a little camphor. 2. Booth's Axle Grease. (Expired Patent.) Dis- solve i lb. common soda in 1 gallon of water, add 3 lbs. of tallow, and 6 lbs. palm oil (or 10 lbs. palm oil only) ; heat tliem together to 200 or 210° F. ; mix, and keep the mixture constantly stirred till the composition is cooled down to 60° or 70° F. A thiniaer composition is made with i lb. of soda, a gallon of water, a gallon of rape-oil, and i lb. of tallow or palm-oil. [See also Lubricating Com- pounds.] Anti-Ferment. Sulphite of lime; or equal parts of sul- phite of lime and ground black mustard seed. Used to check the fermentation of cyder, &c. Aqua Fortis. Double aqua fortis is nitric acid of 1*36 specific gravity ; single aqua fortis about 1'22. — Dr. Pereira. a compound acid was formerly used under this name by dyers, and for cleaning brass, consisting of strone spirit of nitre 20 lbs., oil of vitrei 7 lbs., water 30 lbs. Aqua Eegia. See Nitro- hydrochloric Acid, further back. Aquarium, Marine, Salts fob, &c. Artificial sea-water may be used instead of the natural. A rough imitation is formed by mixing 100 oz. of fresh water with 3 oz. common salt, 1 oz. of Epsom salts, 200 grs. of chloride of magnesium, and 40 grs. of chloride of potassium. Oi', more precisely, the real constitution of sea-water may be imitated in the following manner : — Mix with 970,000 grains of rain-water, 27,000 of chloride of sodium, 3600 of chloride of magnesium, 750 of chloride of potas- sium, 29 of bromide of magnesium, 2300 of sulphate of magnesia, 1400 of sulphate of lime, S^ of carbonate of lime, 5 of iodide of sodium. These all being finely powdered and mixed first, are to be stirred into the water. 316 TRADE CHEMICALS through which a stream of air may be caused to pass from the bottom, until the whole is dissolved. On no account is the water to be boiled, or even lieated. Into this water, w-hen clear, the rocks and seaweed may be introduced. As soon as the latter are in a flourishing state, the animals may follow. Care must be taken not to have too many of these, and to remove immediately any that die. The loss by evaporation is to be made up by adding clean rain-water. Tlie aquarium, whether of fresh or of salt water, will require occasionally artificial aeration. This may be done by simply blowing through a glass tube which reaches to near the bottom ; or, better still, in the following way : — Take a glass syringe which can be easily worked. Having filled it with water, hold it with the nozzle about 2 inches from the surface of the water in the aquarium, into which the contents are to be discharged quickly, and with a sort of jerk. By this means a multitude of small bubbles are forced down into the fluid. This operation should be repeated for a con- siderable number of times. Ababine. Gum arabic dissolved in water, and precipitated by alcohol. Aegentum Musivum. Fuse i oz. each of grain tin and bismuth in a crucible, and add ^ oz. of mercury. Aeboe Dian^. See Trees, Metallic. Aromatic Pastils. See Perfumeey. AuRUM MusiA'UM. Mosaic gold. Bisulphide or lisulphuret of tin. See Stanni sulphuretum, Pocket Formulary. 1. Dr. Ure directs 12 oz. of tin to be melted, and 3 oz. of mercury added. This amalgam is triturated with 7 oz. of sulphur and 3 of sal ammoniac, and the powder put into a matrass, which is bedded deep in sand, and kept for several hours at a gentle heat. The heat is then raised, and con- tinued for several hours, taking care not to raise it so high as to blacken the mass. 2. Melt together in a crucible, over a clear fii'e, equal parts of snlijhur and the wliite oxide of tin ; keep it con- tinually stirred with a glass rod, luitil the compound appears as a yellow flalcy po\\'der. (Tliis is used as a cheap bronze powder, &c.) Baldwin's PnosPHORUS. Heat nitrate of lime till it melts ; MISCELLANEOUS PBEPABATIONS 317 keep it fused for 10 minutes, and pour it into a heated iron ladle, ^\^^en cool, break it into pieces, and keep it in a closely stoppered bottle. After exposure to the sun's rays, it emits a white light in the dark. Balls for Hoeses. See Veterinary Formulary. Balls, Ash. The ashes of fern, or other kinds of wood ashes, made into balls. Balls, Heel. 1. Melt together 4 oz. of mutton suet, 1 oz. of bees'-wax, 1 oz. of sweet oil, i oz. oil of turpentine, and stir in 1 oz. of powdered gum arable, and i oz. of fine lamp-black. 2. Bees'-wax 8 oz., tallow 1 oz., powdered gum 1 oz., lamp-black q. s. These are used not merely by the shoe- maker, but to copy inscriptions, raised patterns, &c., by rubbing the ball on paper laid over the article to be copied. Ullathoene's Balls answer the purpose very well. For copying ancient monumental brasses, a similar compound, coloured with bronze-powder, instead of lamp-black, is sometimes employed. Balls foe Scoueing— Breeches Balls, Clothes Balls. 1. Bath-brick 4 parts, pipe-clay 8 parts, pumice 1, soft- soap 1 ; ochre, umber, or other colour to bring it to the desired shade, q. s. ; ox-gall to form a paste. Make it into balls and dry them. 2. PiiM-clay 4 oz., fuller's-earth i oz., whiting i oz., white pepper i oz., ox-gall sufficient to form it into a paste. 3. Pipe-clay 3 oz., white pepper 1 dr., starch 1 dr., orris powder li drs. It may be kept in powder, or formed into balls, as above. Balls, Blacking. See Blacking, below. Balls, Ftjenittjee. See Furniture Paste, Baeium, Peroxide of. Heat pure baryta to low redness in a platinum crucible ; then gradually add chlorate of pot- ash in the proportion of 1 part of the latter to 4 of the former. Cold water removes the chloride of potassium, and the peroxide remains as a hydrate. Baryta Chloeate. See Chloeate of Baryta. Beetle Poison. Put a di-achm of phosphorus in a flask with 2 oz. of water ; plunge the flask into hot water, and when the phosphorus is melted, pour the contents into a 318 TEADE CHEMICALS mortar with 2 or 3 oz. of lard. Triturate briskly, adding water, and i lb. of floui', with 1 or 2 oz. of brown sugar. — Phaemaceutical JouRyAL. Plaster of Paris, with oatmeal, is said to destroy cockroaches. Beetle Wafers. Picd lead 4 parts by M-eight, flour and brown sugar, of each 1 part. Cats and dogs will not touch it. Benzine Collas. Benzine is sold under tliis name. Benzol. Benzine. A volatile liquid, procured by distilling light coal naphtha at a temperature not exceeding 200° F., by the method patented by Mr. Mansfield. It is a sol- vent for fats and oils, and hence is used for cleansing silks, and other stuffs. It likewise dissolves gutta percha ; and also, mth heat and long digestion, India rubber. Benzoline. a product of the fractional distillation of American rock oil, sold for sponge lamps. At a temperature less than 100° F. it will ignite if brought near a light, so that great care must be taken with it, and it should not be kejjt in quantity. Beverages, and Powders for PEEPARiNa them. See furtlaer back. Bird Lime. Boil the middle bark of the hoUy 7 or 8 hours in water ; drain it, and lay it in heaps in the ground, covered with stones, for 2 or 3 weeks, till reduced to a mucilage. Beat this in a mortar, wash it in rain-water, and knead it till free from extraneous matters. Put it into earthern pots, and in 4 or 5 days it -R-ill be fit for use. An inferior kind is made by boiling linseed oil for some hours, until it becomes a viscid paste. BISULPHURET OF Carbon. Bisulphide of Carlon. Bi- sulphide of Carlon. Tliis is used in the arts, as a solvent for India rubber, gutta percha, &c. To procure it, MiTLDER recommends the following process as tlie most convenient. Provide an iron bottle (a quicksilver bottle answers very well), and make a second opening into it. To one opening adapt a copper tube bent twice at right angles ; and to the other a straight tube dipping into "the bottle. Having nearly filled the bottle with pieces of charcoal (recently heated to redness), and having screwed on the bent and straight tubes, place the bottle in a fur- nace, closing the mouth of the latter with a stone or clay MISCELLA-NEOrS PREPARATIONS 319 cover in two pieces, hollowed in the centre so as to fit the npper part of the hottle, and defend it from the action of the fire. Connect the curved tnhe with a Woolpe's hottle half -filled mth water, and placed in a freezing mixture ; and when the iron bottle is sufiiciently heated, introduce by the straight tube, fragments of sulphur, and imme- diately close the mouth of the tube with a plug. The bisulphm'et, as it comes over, falls to the bottom of the M'ater. Separate it from the water, and distil over dry chloride of calcium, or it may be purified by shaking up with mercury. See also Wagner's 'Chemical Techno- logy-' Blacking, Liquid, foe Shoes, &c. {^Note. — By ivory- black, So?«e-black, which is usually sold under this name, is intended. Ti'ue ivory-black has a more intense colour, but is too dear for general use.] 1. Ivory-black, 3 oz., treacle 2 oz., sweet oil i oz. ; mix to form a paste ; add gradually ^ oz. of oil of vitriol, and then half a pint of vinegar, and If pints of water, or sour beer. Some prefer mixing the oil of vitriol with sweet oil. 2. Ivory black 2 lbs., treacle 2 lbs., sweet oil -g lb. ; mix and add | lb. oil of vitriol, and beer or vmegar to make up a gallon. 3. Ivory-black 3 lbs., treacle 4 lbs., vinegar a pint, oil of •vitriol 8 oz., water a gallon. 4. Ivory-black 2 lbs., neat's-foot oil 4 oz. ; mix, and add 3 quarts of sour beer, or ^^negar, and a spoonful of any kind of spirits ; stir till smooth, and add 2 oz. of oil of vitriol, and sprinkle on it | drachm of powdered resin. Then boil together 3 pints of sour ale with a little log- wood, and i oz. of Prussian blue, 3 oz. of honey, and 8 oz. of treacle. Mix, but do not bottle it for 2 or 8 days. 5. Ivory-black 8 oz., bro^ni sugar or treacle 8 oz., sweet oil 1 oz., oil of vitriol | oz., vinegar 2 quarts. Mix the oil with the treacle, then add the oil of vitriol and vinegar, and lastly, the ivory-black. Blacking for Dress Boots. 1. Gum 8 oz., treacle 2 oz., ink a pint, vinegar 2 oz., spirit of wine 2 oz. Dissolve the ginn and treacle in the ink and vinegar, strain, and add the spirit. §20 tHAjyE CHEMICALS 2. To the above add 1 oz. of sweet oil, and i oz. lamp- black. [These are applied with a sponge, and allowed to dry out of the dust. They will not bear the wet.] 3. Beat together the whites of 2 eggs, a tablespoonful of spirit of wine, a lump of sugar, and a little finely powdered ivory-black to thicken. Blacking without Polishing. Treacle 4 oz., lamp-black ^ oz., yeast a tablespoonful, 2 eggs, olive oil a teaspoon- ful, oil of turjjentine a teaspoonful. Mix well. To be applied with a sponge, without brushing. Blacking, India Rubber (Patent). Ivory-black 60 lbs., treacle 45 lbs., vinegar (No. 24) 20 gallons, powdered gum 1 lb.. India-rubber oil 9 lbs. (The latter is made by dis- solving by heat, 18 oz. of India rubber in 9 lbs. of rape oil.) Grind the whole smooth in a paint mill, then add, by small quantities at a time, 12 lbs. of oil of vitriol, stirring it strongly for half an hour a day for a fortnight. Blacking, Paste. 1. These pastes may be made with the ingredients of liquid blacking, using sufficient vinegar, in which a little gum has been dissolved, to form a paste. Make it into cakes, and dry it. 2. German Blacking. Powdered bone-black is mixed with half its weight of molasses and one eighth of its weight of olive oil; and to this is added afterwards one eighth of its weight of hydrochloric acid, and one fourth of its weight of sti'ong sulphuric acid. The whole is to be then mixed up with water into a sort of unctuous paste. — Liebig. 3. Bailey's Blacking Balls. Bruised gum tragacanth 1 oz., water 4 oz.; mix, and add 2 oz. of neat's foot-oil, 2 oz. of fine ivory-black, 2 oz. of Prussian blue, 4 oz. of sugar-candy ; mix, and evaporate to a proper consistence. For Heel Ball, see Balls, further back. Blacking fok Harness. 1. Isinglass or gelatine } oz., powdered indigo ^ o?., soft soaj) 4 oz., logwood 4 oz., glue 5 oz. Boil together in 2 pints of vinegar till the glue is dissolved ; then strain through a cloth, and bottle for use. This appears an unchemical composition ; but is inserted (as are many similar ones) because it is in actual use. The next is of a different character. 2. Melt 8 oz. of bee's-wax iu au eai-theu pipkin, and MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS 321 stir into it 2 oz. of ivory-black, 1 oz. of Prussian blue groimd in oil, 1 oz. of oil of turpentine, and j oz. of copal varnish. Make it into balls. To be applied with a brush and polished with an old handkerchief. 3. Treacle ^ lb., lamp black 1 oz., yeast a spoonful, sugar-candy, olive oil, gum tragacanth, isinglass, each 1 oz., a cow's gall. Mix all together with 2 pints of stale beer, and let it stand before the tire for an hour. Black Eevivee. 1. Bruised nutgalls 1 lb., logwood 1 lb., water 5 quarts ; boil to 4 quarts, and add sulphate of iron 4 oz. ; dissolve, and strain. When cold, add 8 oz. of ox gall. 2. Galls 3 oz., logwood 1 oz., copperas, iron filings, and sumach, of each 1 oz., vinegar 2 pints. — Qbay'b Supplement. Black Japan. True asphaltum IJ oz., boiled linseed oil 4 pints, burnt umber 4 oz. Heat together till the wh»le is incorporated, remove from the fire, and when suffi- ciently cool, add as much oil of turpentine as will bring it to a proper consistence. Bleaching Liquid. Solutions of chloride of lime, and chloride of soda, are sold for this purpose, with directions for use. The following is also used : Mix 3 lbs. of common salt and 1 lb. of black oxide of manganese with as much water as will form a paste. Put the mixture into a retort, and add 2 lbs. of oil of vitriol previously diluted with 4 lbs. of water. Pass the gas into a solution of 1 lb. of common pearlash, or 11 oz. of caustic potash, in 6 lbs. of water. The retort may be placed, after a short period, in hot water, to extricate the remaining gas. In bleaching cotton by chloride of lime, 1 lb. is dissolved in 3 gallons of water for each pound of cloth; it is afterwards passed through diluted hydrochloric or sulphuric acid (1 i^art of acid to 30 of water), and then washed. Blights, Remedies fob. Apple-tree canker. Having brushed ofp the white down and the red stain underneath it, anoint tlie places with a mixture of jtraiu oil and Scotch snuff. White Blight of Apple-tree. Apply a decoction of foxglove mixed with fresh cow-dung into a paste. 21 322 THADE CHEMICALS J7y I'a T^xrni-pt. Steep the aeefi before sowiojz, in. traui oS ; or -K slaked lime over the field aa 9ooa a.^ pla„.„ ^. .; appeared; or contrive, if possable, to f — jrate the field witi. brimstone. M-lldevi of WTteat: L 2o prevent it. Di'solre ia. %^ ^ lens of cold water 3^ oz. of salphate o£ i opper for 3 ^ :' sowing' grain . Throw thia qti. ntity "^^ int.. ._ _:r veseeL and poor over it the pi'-paxen - .^^- , Txntil it risea 5 or 6 inches above the com. Sti " thorou^ily, and remove all the grains that awini- Throw the mix*— into a basket, so aa to drain, off the liq^nid; was^. it we . soft water, and dry bef . z. 2. To remjo^e H. A . . of 1 lb. of salt to *he gaUoa of water, sprinkled with, a flat bmsh ovar the growina* com. S/rmt in Wheat. To pretent it. Boil 3 gallona of water, and alake in. it abont 36 lbs. of qiiick lime ; add 3 ga" more of cold water, and poor the hot mirtrrre or. bxiahela of the grain plaove, for plumbago ; or a mixture of these may be used.] 9. Tin Castings. Wash them over, after being well cleaned and wiped, with a solution of 1 part of sulphate of iron, and 1 of .sulphate of copper, in 20 parts of water : afterwards with a solution of 4 parts of verdigris in 11 of distilled vinegar ; leave for an hour to dry, then polish with a soft brush and colcothar. Proxzing Ball. See Balls (Heel). Buo.vzixG Pastes, Parisian. 1. Plumbago 1 oz., si^ttna 326 TEADE CHEMICALS 2 Gz., rouge i oz. Add a few drops of hydrosulphate of ammonia, and water. 2. Chrome lead 2 oz., Prussian blue 2 oz., plumbago i lb., sienna powder and lake carmine, each I lb. Add sufficient water to make a paste. Beosse db Coeail. The roots of lucerne {Medicago sativa), cleaned, dried, and hammered at the end. Used as a tooth-brush. Beownino, oe Beonzing Liquids, fob Gun Baeeels. 1. Aquafortis \ oz., sweet spirit of nitre J oz., spirit of wine 1 oz., sulphate of copper 2 oz., water 30 oz., tincture of perchloride of iron 1 oz. : mix. 2. Sulphate of copper 1 oz., sweet spirit of nitre 1 oz., water a pint ; mix. In a few days it will be fit for use. 3. Sweet spirit of nitre 3 oz., gum benzoin 1^ oz., tincture of perchloride of iron i oz., sulphate of copper 2 drs., spirit of wme i oz., mix, and add 2 lbs. of soft water. 4. Tincture of perchloride of iron ^ oz., spirit of nitric ether ^ oz., sulphate of copper 2 scruples, rain water i pint. The above are applied with a sponge, after clean- ing the barrel with lime and water. When dry, they are polished with a stiff brush or iron scratch brush. Beitnswick Black. Melt asphaltum, and add to it half its weight of boiled linseed oil; mix, and when sufficiently cool, add enough oil of turpentine to bring it to the proper consistence. Bra Poison. 1. Spirit of wine 1 oz., spirit of turpentine 8 oz., camphor \ oz. : mix. 2. Distilled vinegar, or diluted wood vinegar, a pint; camphor ^ oz. ; dissolve. 3. Corrosive sublimate 3 oz., hydrochloric acid 3 oz., oil of turpentine 12 oz., water 6 pints. Or, 1 oz. of sublimate, , 2 oz. of hydrochloric acid, a pint of oil of turpentine, and a pint of decoction of tobacco. 4. Strong mercurial ointment 1 oz., soft soap 1 oz., oil of turpentine a jiint. 5. Wliite arsenic 2 oz., lard 13 oz., corrosive subUmate 5 oz., Venetian I'ed \ oz. 6. Scotch snuff mixed with soft soap. 7. For Floors^ Corrosive sublimate 1 lb., sal ammo- MISCELLAIfEOUS PEEPAEATIONS 327 Iliac 1 lb., hot water 8 gallons. [It is said that if a branch of narrow leaved dittany or pepperwort (lepidium ruderale) be suspended in a room, all the bugs will settle in it, and may be taken. Fumigating the rooms with sulphur is a troublesome and disagreeable process, and not always suc- cessful.] Bxtenett's (Sir W.) DisiNFECTiNa Fluid. See Disinfect- i^Gr AND Deodorizing Compounds. BcTTEE, TO Preserve. Powder finely, and mix together, 2 parts of the best salt, 1 of loaf sugar, and 1 of nitre. To each pound of butter, well cleansed from the milk, add 1 oz. of this compound. It should not be used under a month. [Butter that has an xmpleasaut flavour, is said to be improved by the addition of 2^ drs. of bicarbonate of soda to 3 lbs. of butter. A turnipy flavour may be pre- A'ented by only feeding the cows with turnips immediately after milking them.] Butter of Antimony. The liquid chloride of antimony, commercially known by this name, is usually made by dissolving crude or roasted black antimony in hydrochloric acid with the addition of a little nitric acid. It usually contains pernitrate of iron. Butyric Ether. Saponify butter with a strong solution of potash, dissolve the soap in the smallest quantity of alcohol by the aid of heat, add a mixture of alcohol and sulphuric acid till the solution is acid, and distil as long as the product has a fruity odour. Redistil the product from chloride of calcium. It is sold as essence of pine- apple. Camphine. JligMy rectified oil of turpentine. English's • patent camphine is made by passing the vapour of oil of turpentine through caustic solutions of potash, soda, or lime ; or through sulphuric acid. Cajiphoe, Artificial. This is formed by passing hydro- chloric acid gas into oil of turpentine. Camphor Balls. See Skin Cosmetics, after Perfumery. Candies. These belong rather to the confectioner than to the druggist. The green stalks of angelica, the peels of orange, lemon, and citron, green roots of ginger, &c., are first boiled in water till soft, then in syrup till they are transparent, and dried in a stove, at a heat not exceeding 328 TEADE CHEMICALS 104° F. Candied lioreliound is made by boiling lump sugar with a little strong decoction or infusion of di'ied liorehound, till a portion taken out and cooled becomes solid. It is then poured on to a slab, or into paper or tin moulds dusted with powdered sugar. Caxthaeidine Blister, Lissonde. Melt white wax 45 parts in olive oil 28 parts with a gentle heat, add turpentine 24 parts, camphor 1 part, cantharidine 2 parts ; stir, let the mass cool an instant, then pour out or spread on cloths. It raises the epidermis in a few hours. Caxton's PnosPHOEirs. Put calcined oyster shells in layers alternately with sulphur, and heat strongly in a covered crucible for an hour. Caoutchouc, Solvents foe. See Solvents. Capsules, Gelatinous. These are used to contain copalva and other nauseous liquids which do not dissolve gela- tine, so that they may be swallowed without inconve- nience. They are made by "dipping the bulbous extre- mity of an iron rod into a concentrated solution of gela- tine. Just before the rod is withdrawn, it is to be rotated, in order to diffuse the gelatine equally over the bulb." Wlien sufficiently hardened, they are removed, placed on pins to dry, and when dry, filled with the balsam or oil, and the orifice closed with liquid gelatsne. Tliey are usually of an olive form, and contain 10 grs. of balsam in each. See Dr. Peeeiea's ' Elements,' article Copaiva. M. GiBAUD recommends the following composition for capsules : Transparent gelatine 12 parts, syrup of gum 2 parts, syrup 2 parts, water 10 parts. Melt it in a warm-bath, remove the scum, and dip the mould, pre- viously oiled, into the compound. Caebon. See Charcoal. Carbonic Acid. See Gases. Caemine. See Pigments. Case-hardening Powder. This is merely ferroprussiate of potash, dried, and finely powdered. By sprinkling it on iron heated to bright redness, the metal becomes case- liardened, or superficially converted into steel. The iron should be jjlunged into cold water as soon as the powder lifts acted on it. The following compound is used for the MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS 329 same purpose : Sal ammoniac 2 oz., burnt bone dust 2 oz., Hexttood's composition J oz. Used as the former. Cassolettes. See Pekfumeey. Cayenne, SoirsLE. See Condiments, further back. Cements and Lvtes, VAEiors. Shell-lac Cement. Fine orange shell-lac, bruised, 4 oz., highly rectified spirit 3 oz. Digest in a warm place, fre- quently shaking, till the shell-lac is dissolved. Methy- lated spirit may be substituted for spirit of wine, where the smell is not objectionable. A most useful cement for securely joining almost any material. See Glue, Liquid. Shell-lac Cement loithout Spirit, Boil 1 oz. of borax in 16 oz. water, add 2 oz. powdered shell-lac, and boil in a covered vessel till the lac is dissolved. Cheaper than the above, and for many purposes answers very well. Both are useful in fixing paper labels to tin, and to glass when exposed to damp. Armenian Cement for Glass, China, S(C. 1. Kellee's. Soak 2 drs. of cut isinglass in 2 oz. of water for 24 hours ; boil to 1 oz., add 1 oz. methylated spirit of wine, and strain through linen. Mix this, while hot, with a solution of 1 dr. of mastic in 1 oz. of methylated spirit, and triturate with \ dr. powdered gum ammoniac, till perfectly homogeneous. 2. Dr. Uee's Diamond Cement. Isinglass 1 oz., dis- tilled water 6 oz., boil to 3 oz., and add 1^ oz. of methylated spirit. Boil for a minute or two, strain, and add while hot, first i oz. of a milky emulsion of ammoniac, and then 5 drs. of tincture of mastic. [There are various kinds of this cement sold, and some of the improvements intro- duced by peculiar makers have not been made public] Cement used in the Hast for uniting jewels, glass, and metals. Dissolve 5 or 6 pieces of gum mastic, each about the size of a large pea, in just as much methylated spirit as will render it liquid. Soften some isinglass by steeping it in water; having dried it, dissolve as much of it in good brandy as will make a two-ounce phial of strong glue, to which must be added two small bits of gum ammoniacum, rubbing until they are dissolved. Mix the two solutions ; keep in a close jihial ; and when it is t-o be used, set the ■■■ phial in boiling water. — Mr. Eton. 330 TEADE CnEMICALS Liquid Cement, for glass, porcelain, mood, S(c. Macerate for several hours sis parts of glue in small pieces, in 16 parts of water, add 1 part hydrochloric acid and \\ part of sul- phate of zinc, and expose the mixture for several hours to a temperature of 150^ F. Hcenle's Cement, for Glass or Earthenware. Shell-lac 2 parts, Venice turpentine 1 part, fuse together, and form into sticks. Cheese Cement, for Earthemoare,Sfc. Mix together: — white of e^g beaten to a froth, quicklime, and grated cheese, and heat them to a paste. See Glue, Casein. Curd Cement. Add \ pint of %anegar to \ pint of skimmed milk ; mix the curd with the whites of 5 eggs well beaten, and sufficient powdered quicklime to form a paste. It resists water and a moderate degree of heat. Glass Flux, for mending broken China, <^-c. Mix 3 parts of red lead, 2 of fine white sand, and 3 of crystallized boracic acid, fuse the mixture, levigate it, and apply it with thin mucilage of tragacanth. Heat the rejjaired article gently, so as partly to fuse the cement. Cement for joining Sjjar and 3Iarhle Ornaments, Sfc. Melt together 8 parts of resin, 1 of wax, and stir in 4 parts, or as much as may be required, of Paris plaster. The pieces to be made hot. Heksler's Cement. Grind 8 parts of litharge, 2 of recently burnt lime, and 1 of wliite bole, with linseed oil varnish. \^T'ery tenacious, hut long in drying."] Singer's Cement for Electrical Machines and Galvanic Troughs. Melt together 5 lbs. of resin, and 1 lb. of bees'- wax, and stir in 1 lb. of red-ochre (highly dried, and still warm), and 4 oz. of Paris plaster, continuing the heat a little above 212°, and stirring constantly till all frothing ceases. Or {for troughs), resin 6 lbs., dried red-ochre 1 lb., calcined plaster of Paris \ lb., linseed oil i lb. Mucilage for Minerals. The following is recommended for mending fossils and minerals. Starch 2 drs,, wliite sugar 1 oz., gum arabic 2 drs., water q. s. Dissolve the gum, add the sugar, and boil until the starch is cooked. — Druggist's Circular. Cement for Wood, Porcelain, Ola^s. Dissolve 30 grs. of sulphate of aluminum in two thirds'of an ounce of water, MISCELLANEOUS PEEPABATIONS 331 and add it to 8^ fluid ounces of a strong solution of gum arabic. Botany Bay Cement. Botany Bay gum, melted and mixed with an equal quantity of brickdust. Cap Cement. As Singer's ; but 1 lb. of dried Venetian red may be substituted for the red ochre and Paris plaster. Bottle Cement. Resin 15 parts, tallow 4 (or wax 3) parts, highly dried red ochre 6 parts, or ivory black q. s. The common kinds of sealing wax are also used. Turner's Cement. Bee's-wax 1 oz., resin \ oz., pitch ^ oz. Melt, and stir in fine brickdust q. s. Coppersmith's Cement. Powdered quicklime, mixed with bullock's blood, and applied immediately. 'Engineers' Cement. Equal weights of i-ed and white lead, with drying oil, spread on tow, or canvas. For metallic joints, or to unite large stones, in cisterns, &c. Cement for Steam Bipes. Good linseed oil, varnish ground with equal weights of white lead, oxide of manganese, and pipe-clay. Iron Cement, for closing the joints of iron pipes. Iron borings, coarsely powdered, 5 lbs., powdered sal ammoniac 2 oz., sulphur 1 oz., water sufficient to moisten it. It quickly hardens ; but if time can be allowed, it sets more firmly without the sulphur. It must be used as soon as mixed, and rammed tightly into the joints. Gad's Hydraulic Cement. Powdered clay 3 lbs., oxide of iron 1 lb., boiled oil to form a stiff paste. Cement for Masonry of Chamlers of Chlorine, Sfc. Equal parts of pitch, resin, and jjlaster of Paris. Boman Cement. A mixture of clay, lime, and oxide of iron, separately calcined, and finely powdered. It must be kept in closed vessels, and mixed with water when used. Oxychloride of Zinc Cement. In liquid chloride of zinc marking from 50° to 60^ of Baume's areometer, dissolve 3 per cent, of borax or sal ammoniac : add oxide of zinc which has been heated to redness, until the mass is of a proper consistence. The cement, when hard, becomes as firm as marble. It may be cast in moulds, like plaster of Paris, or used in the constniction of mosaic works, &c. — M. SOBEL. 832 TRM)E CHEMICALS Marine Cement. See Gltje, Marine. Maissiatt's Cement, as an air-tight covering for bottles, Sfc. Melt India-rubber (to which 15 per cent, of wax or tallow may be added), and gradually add finely powdered quick- lime, till a change of odour shows that a combination has taken place, and a proper consistence is obtained. Cement for attaching Metal Letters to Plate Glass. Copal varnish 15 parts, drying oil 5 parts, turpentine 3 parts, oil of turpentine 2 parts, liquefied glue 5 parts ; melted in a water-bath, and 10 parts of slaked lime added. Cement to fasten Leather to Metal. A hot solution of gelatin. With this wash the metal; and the leather, previously stepped in a hot infusion of gall-nuts, is to be pressed tightly on the surface and allowed to cool, when it will adhere very firmly. Cem,ent for India-ruhber. Bisulphide of carlwn 4 oz., best India-rubber 1 oz., isinglass 2 drs., gutta percha 1^ oz. — Phaem. Jouen. Cement to fasten India-ruhber to Wood or Metal. Dissolve 1 part powdered gum shell-lac in 10 parts of strong solu- tion of ammonia: It is at first slimy, in 3 to 4 weeks becomes liquid, then hard and impermeable. — Drug- gists' ClRCCTLAR. Cement for fixing labels to Tin, or other Metallic Substances. Mucilage of tragacanth, 10 parts; honey 10 parts; dry wheaten flour 1 part. Japanese Cement. Mi.x rice flour intimately ^nth cold water, and boil gently. French Cement. Mix thick mucilage of gum arable with ])owdered starch. Common Paste. To a dessert-spoonful of flour add gradually half a pint of cold water, and mix till quite smooth ; add a pinch of jwwdered alum (some add also as much pow- dered resin as will lie on a sixpence), and boil for a few moments, stirring constantly. Tlie addition of a little brown sugar, and a few grains of corrosive sublimate, is said to preserve it for years. Transparent Cement. Dissolve 75 parts of caoutchouc in parts of cliloi'oform, and add to tlie solution 15 parts of mastic. — Lenhee. Soft Cement, Melt yellow wax with half its weight of com- Miscellaneous peepaeatioks 333 mon turpentine, and stir in a little Venetian red, pre- viously well dried, and finely powdered. [As a temporary stopping for joints and openings in glass and other appa- ratus, where the heat and pressure are not great.] See the next. iMtes or Cements for closing the joints of Apparatus. 1. Mix Paris plaster with water to a soft paste, and apply it immediately. It bears nearly a red heat. It may be ren- dered impervious by rubbing it over with wax and oil. 3. Slaked lime, made into a paste with white of egg, or a solution of gelatine. 3. Fat Lute. Fmely powdered clay moistened with water, and beaten up with boiled linseed oil. Roll it into cylmders, and press it on the joints of the vessels, which must be perfectly dry. It is rendered more secure by binding it with strips of linen moistened with white of egg. 4. Linseed meal beaten to a paste with water. 5. SHps of moistened bladder, smeared with white of egg. Luting for Acids. 1. Dissolve 1 part of India-rubber in 2 parts of linseed oil, by heat, and work into a stiff paste with 3 parts, or as much as sufficient, of white clay. 2. A concentrated solution of silicate of soda, made into a paste with powdered glass. Lutes for Coating Retorts. 1. Dissolve 1 oz. of borax in ^ ])int of water, and add slaked lime to form a thin paste. Brush this over the retort, and let it dry gradually. Then apply a coating of slaked lime and linseed oil beaten together. Let it dry a day or two before use, and fill up any cracks which may appear with lime and linseed oil. 2. For hearing a stronger heat : Stourbridge clay, mixed with a little sand to prevent it splitting off : a little cut tow, or horse-dung, or asbestos, is usually added, to in- crease its coherence. It should be beaten to a stiff paste, and rolled out before application. The glass should be first rubbed over with a little of the lute mixed with water, then placed in the centre of the paste, rolled out to about \ or -J- of an inch in thickness, and tlie edges of the latter raised and moulded to the glass, taking care to press out all the air. 334 TEADE CHEMICALS Mohr's Lute, Mix equal parts of brickclust and litharge, and beat tliem into a paste with linseed oil. Apply tliis with a stiff brush, and dust it over with coarse sand : dry it in a warm place. For Cements for plugging teeth, see Teeth Aitd Mouth Cosmetics, further back. ChaecoaI;. Wood charcoal is made by burning wood with only a partial access of air. For chemical purposes, that made in iron cylmders, in the manufacture of wood vine- gar, is preferred. Charcoal, Animal. The most common form is that of bone black (commonly called ivory black), made by dis- tilling bones (from which the grease has been removed by boiling) in iron or earthen retorts, the ammoniacal liquor, &c., being collected in proper receivers. The residue is bone black. When used for the pm'pose of decolorization, further treatment is required : either the bone earth may be entirely removed by hydrochloric acid, as directed in the Pharmacopoeia ; or more commonly, in the refining of sugar, and for other manufacturing purposes, tliis is only partially effected, in some such way as the following : Mix 8 lbs. of the bone black, coarsely powdered, with sufficient water to form a paste, and add 1 lb. of hydrochloric acid. In an hour pour boiling water on the mass, let it settle, pour off the liquid, add more water, and repeat this till the water comes off free from taste. Drain and press the black in a cloth, and di'y it. Its power is increased by mixing it vrA\\ a little potash, heating it to dull redness in a covered crucible, and again M'asliing it. Charcoal, Aluminized. This is recommended by Dr. Sten- HOUSE as a cheap and very efficient decolorizing agent. Dissolve in water 54 parts of the sulphate of alumina of commerce, and mix with 92| parts of finely powdered wood charcoal, ^lien the charcoal is saturated, evaporate to dryness, and heat to redness in covered Hessian crucibles till the water and acid are dissipated. The charcoal con- tains 7i per cent, of anhydrous alumina. Charcoal from Coal-tar. Heat gently in an iron pot 1 lb. by weight of coal-tar pitch till it melts. Add 2 lbs. of fluid coal-tar, and mix. Stir in 7 lbs. of hydrate of lime in very fine powder. The thick mass is now roasted, stir- MiSCELLANEOtJS PREPARATIONS 335 ring all the time, till it is reduced to a fine powder. It is thbu ignited in a covered crucible till all the vegetable matter is carbonized. The charcoal when cold is digested with dilute hydrochloric acid, and finally washed with water in a filter, and di-icd. Dr. Stenhousb recommends this as an admirable form for decolorization. For such liquids as decoction of logwood it is four times as efficient as animal charcoal. Chameleon Mineral. Mix equal weights of black oxide of manganese and pure potash, and heat them in a crucililc. Keep the compound in closely stopped bottles. A solution of it in water passes through various shades of colour from green to red. Chemique, or Chemic Blue — Sulphate of Indigo. To 7 or 8 parts of oil of vitriol, in a glass or earthen vessel, placed in cold water, add gradually 1 part of fine indigo in powder, stirring the mixtui-e at each addition with a glass rod, or piece of tobacco-pipe. Cover the vessel for 24 hours, then dilute with an equal weight of water. Sometimes it is sold without diluting. The German (Nordhausen) fuming acid answers best, 4 or 5 parts of it being sufiicient for 1 of mdigo. For dyeing silk, &c., car- bonate of potash, soda, or ammonia, is added, to neutralize the acid, takuig care not to add it in excess. Chloralum. Chloride of aluminium is made by acting on alumina, the basis of clay, with hydrochloric acid, and eva- porating to form crystals. Under the above name it is extensively used as a disinfectant and deodorizer, decom- posing siUphui'etted hydrogen and coagulating albumen. Chlorate of Baryta. Satiu-ate solution of chloric acid, (see further back) with fresh precipitated carbonate of baryta, filter, and crystallize. Chlorate of Potash. Liebig. Dissolve chloride of lime in water, add solution of chloride of potassium, and boil to dryness. Dissolve the mass in hot water, and filter if necessary : on cooling, a large quantity of chlorate of pot- ash is deposited. For another process, see Potasste Chloras, Pocket Formulary. Chloride of Lime, or Chlorinated Lime. Bleaching Powder. Chlorine gas (slowly evolved from a mixture of 336 TEADE CHEMICALS 10 parts of common salt and 10 to 14 parts of binoxide of manganese, placed in an alembic of lead, and heated by steam, and mth 12 to 14 parts of oil of vitriol previously diluted with a fourth of its weight of water, added) is conveyed into a chamber where sifted slaked lime is thinly spread on shelves. It is so cheaply made by the large manufacturers for bleaching purposes, that it is seldom prepared by druggists. The liquid chloride of lime may be made either by triturating the dry cliloride with a little cold water till jjerfectly smooth, then adding more water, and filtering the solution : or by passing chlorine gas into a mixture of lime and water. The Beit. Phaem. directs a solution of 1*035 sp. gr. The Paris Codex directs 1 part of dry bleaching powder to be diffused in 45 of water. SouBEiEAN directs 1 part to 50 ; but prefers passing the gas from 1 part of binoxide of manganese and 4 of hydro- chloric acid into a mixture of 1 part of lime and 50 of water. M. OPYL states that for the production of a good chloride of lime, the temperatui'e of the chambers must be as low as possible. Winter is always found the most favourable season for its manufacture. Chloeide oe HypocHLOEiTE OF Potash. Eau de Javelle. See Liq. Potassae Chlorinatae, Pocket Formulary, Chloeide of Soda, oe Chloeinated Soda. See Soda Chlorinata, and Liquor Soda? Chlorataj, in the Pocket Formulary. A more ready way of preparing it, for other purposes than for disjiensing prescriptions, is the following : Diffuse 1 lb. of chloride of lime in 30 lbs. of water. Dis- solve 2 lbs. of crystallized carbonate of soda in 15 lbs. of water. Mix the solutions, let the mixture settle, pour off the clear liquid, and filter it. Chloeine. See Gases. Chloeofoem. See Chloroformum, Pocket Formulary. Chocolate. See Chocolata, Pocket Formulary. Cheomate of Potash. Mix 4 parts of chrome iron ore (chro- mate of iron) with 2 of pearlash and 1 of nitre, and heat the mixture in a reverberatory furnace for several hours. Lixiviate, and crystallize. The chromate is converted into bichromate, by adding sulphuric acid, or rather acetic acid, to the solution. CHfioatAXE Of L£AD. See Pig^e^^xs. MISCELLANEOUS PREPARATIONS 337 Chromic Oxide. Mix bicliromute of potash with half its weight of chloride of ammonium ; heat the mixture to redness, and wash the mass with plenty of boiling water. Dry the residue. Chromic Acid. See Acid, Chromic. Clothes, Powder to Keep away Moths prom. Mix pow- dered pipe-clay li lbs., white pepper and starch, each 1 oz., root of Florentine iris Ij oz., with spirits of wine 2 oz. To be dusted over the clothes when laid by. Cochineal Colouring. Macerate best carmine 1 oz. in strong solution of ammonia 6 oz. until it is dissolved. Heat gently to drive off excess of ammonia. Put into a quart wine* bottle, and add rectified spirit 4 oz., and white sugar 3 lbs. Fill up with warm water, and shake until the sugar is dissolved. — Mr. Palmer. Collodion. Mix in a glass, stoneware, or porcelain vessel, 30 parts of strong sulphuric acid and 20 of powdered nitre ; place the vessel in cold water : add 1 part of carded cottou-wool, and open and stir it in the acid mixture by means of 2 glass or porcelain rods, or stems of tobacco pipes, for 2 or 3 minutes. Then remove the cotton into a large quantity of cold water, press it, and wash it in a stream of water, opening it with the fingers, till the water passes through it free from acidity. Squeeze it strongly in a dry cloth, and then open it, and dry it gradually in a warm situation, free from danger. One part of this pre- pared cotton, with 16 of rectified ether, and 1 of alcohol, agitated together, soon forms a gelatinous solution. See Pocket Formulary for its medical preparations. Coj.LO'Dio'Sf'EhkSTic (for surffical purposes). Mix together in a stoneware or porcelain pot, sulphuric acid (of sp. gr. 1-817) 300 parts, very dry nitrate of potash 200 parts; aiul add carded cotton 10 parts. Leave in contact for 12 minutes ; withdraw the cotton, wash it in cold water to remove the acid which it contains, and, after 2 or 3 rinsings, immerse it again in a solution of 30 ptxrts of carbonate of potash in 1000 of water ; plunge it again into simple water, agitating well ; and lastly, dry it at a temperature of 77° to 86° Fahr. The product is xyloidia. Place now 8 parts of this xyloidin, with 125 parts of sulphuric ether in a wide-mouthed flask, and add 8 parts of alcohol 22 338 TRADE CHEMICALS (sp. gr. 0"825). Agitate. Make next a mixture of Venice tui-pentine 2 parts, castor oil 2 parts, white wax 2 parts, sulphuric ether 6 parts. Heat together the first three substances, add the ether, and mix all with the solution of xyloidin.— M. Lauras. Collodion, Photogeaphic. See Photogbaphy. Colours, Various. The principal dry colours will be found under Pigments. Other colours are noticed below. Colours fob Druggists' Show Bottles. In making these, distilled water should be used, and rather more of the coloui" than will fill the carboys made, to avoid the neces- sity of adding water to fill up after filtration, as this sometimes renders them turbid. The carboys should be perfectly clean, and also dry, or otherwise rinsed out with a portion of the filtered liquid. 1. Blues. Sulphate of copper 4 to 8 oz., water a gallon, oil of vitriol 1 oz. 2. Royal Blue. Sulphate of copper 8 oz., water a gallon ; dissolve, and add water of ammonia till the full colour is developed ; then water to make up 2 gallons. 3. Finest Royal Blue. Nitrate of copper 3 oz., water suflicient to dissolve it ; add water of ammonia as long as the colour becomes deeper, then water to make up 2 gallons. 4. Paler. Crystallized acetate of copper ^ oz., hydro- chloric acid 1^ oz., water of ammonia q. s., water to make up 2 gallons. 5. Liglit Blue. Crystallized acetate of copper a scruple, water of ammonia 2 oz., water 2 gallons. Green. 1. An infusion of saffron added to the above blues. 2. Sulphate of Copper 4 oz., bichromate of potash i dr., water q. s. 3. By adding to the above deep or light blues a small quantity of chromate or bichromate of potash till the desired tint is produced, various shades of green may be obtained. , 4. Sulphate of copper, with chloride of sodium or of iron. 5. Emerald Oreen. Nitrate of copper 3 oz., hydro- chloric acid 4 oz., nitric acid 4 oz., water 2 gallons. MISCELLANEOUS PREPAEATIONS 339 6. Very Fine Emerald. Nickel 3 oz., hydrochloric acid 4 oz., nitrous acid 2 oz. : digest for 24 hours, add 2 gal- lons of water and filter. Red. 1. Dried rose petals 8 oz., boiling water a gallon ; digest for 12 hours, strain; digest the roses with more water, and strain ; mix the infusions, add a pint of diluted suli^huric acid, and filter. 2. Cochineal ^ oz., boiling water a gallon : digest, strain, add i oz. of sulphuric acid, and water to make up 2 gallons. 3. Crimson. Iodine, and iodide of potasssium, of each 2 drs. J triturate with a dr. of water, and add 3 gallons of water, and 4 oz. of hydrocldoric acid. 4. For External Lamps. Campliine, strongly coloured with alkanet root. Pink. 1. Infuse \ oz. of good madder in a quart of boiling distilled water; when cold, add 1 oz. of strong ammonia, and filter into 2 gallons of distilled water. 2. Dissolve chloride or nitrate of cobalt in water, and add sufficient carbonate of ammonia to redissolve the pre- cipitate first thi'own down ; then water q. s. Purple. To the last, add sufficient of the blue No. 3 to give the desired shade. Lilac. Smalts 4 oz., nitric acid 4 oz. ; let it stand 24 hours, add 2 gallons of water, 1 oz. of alum, and 4 oz. of water of ammonia. Or rather as the purple. Yelloiv. 1. Chromate or bichromate of potash, with water q. s. 2. Bichromate of potash 2 drs., pure water 4 oz.; dis- solve, and add 4 oz. sulphuric acid, and 2 gallons of water. 3. Bichromate of potash, nitrate of potash, and water. Amber. 1. Deep chrome yellow 3 oz., pearlash 9 oz., water 2 gallons ; boil gently for half an hour, take it off to cool, and add 6 oz. hydrochloric acid, and water to the desired colour. 2. Dragon's blood, digested with sulphuric acid, and diluted with water to the desired shade. Olive. Sulphate of iron 3 oz., sulphuric acid 3 oz., water 2 gallons ; dissolve, and add the green No. 5. q. s. to brighten the colour. 340 TBADE CHEMICALS Liquid Coloues foe Maps, &c. See Inks, Dyes, Chemique Blue, Lake Liquor, &c. Gumboge and some of the cake colours, mixed with water, are also used. Colours for Confctioxees. Many fatal accidents occur from confectionery being coloured with poisonous pig- ments. The following may be safely used: Cochineal and its preparations, sap green, vegetable lakes, I'russian blue ; a mixture of a yellow lake and Prussian blue for green. CoLOUEiNG foe Bhandy, &c. Sugar melted in a ladle till it is brown, and then dissolved in water or lime- water. Colours foe Liqueurs. Pink is given by cochineal ; yellow by saffron or safflower ; violet by litmus ; blue, by sulphate of indigo, saturated with chalk ; green, by the last with tincture of saffron, or by sap green. Colours for Leathee. See Bookbindeb's staixs, further back. Colours, Improved Vehicles foe. 1. One measure of saturated solution of borax, with 4 of linseed oil. The pigment may be ground with the oil, or the mixture. 2. A solution of shell-lac with borax, as in making Coathupe's Writing Fluid. See Ink. 3. Water colours, mixed with gelatine, and afterwards fixed by washing with a solution of alum. 4. Curd of milk, washed and pressed, then dried on fine net, and when required for use, mixed with water and the colouring matter. Condt's Fluid. (Patent.) The green fluid appears to contain the manganates, the red fluid the permanganates, of soda and potash. The latt«'s Flux for reducing arsenic. Mix crys- tallized carbonate of soda with ^th of charcoal, and heat gradually to redness. Fkesenits's Flux, for reducing sulphm'et of arsenic. Dry carbonate of potash 3 parts, cyanide of potassium 1 part. Cornish Flux. Cream of tartar 10 parts, nitre 3i, borax 3. MoEVEAr's Flux. Pulverized glass (free from lead) 8 parts calcined borax i part, charcoal i part. Mr. Tatloe's Flux. Saturate a solution of tartaric acid with carbonate of soda, evaporate to dryness, and calcine < in a covered platinum crucible. ' Sal enixum (the acid sulphate of potash left in distilling I MISCELLAHTEOUS PEEPAEATIONS 357 nitric acid), sandiver or glass-gall, fluor spar, limestone &c., arc also used as fluxes. Fly Poison. A common poison for flies consists of white arsenic, or King's yellow, with sugar, &c., but the use of such comi)ounds may lead to fatal accidents. A sweetened infusion of quassia answers the same purpose, and is free from danger. Pepper, with milk, is also used ; and also some adhesive comi:)ounds by which they are fatally en- tangled. Papier moure contains a large quantity of arsenic. Freezing Mixtitres. The salts should be in a crystallized state, with as much water in them as possible without being damp. They should be coarsely pulverized at the time of using, and put into the water contained in a basin or other suitable vessel. The water to be frozen should be enclosed in a thin metallic vessel, and immersed in the freezing mixture. To obtain extreme degrees of cold, the ingredient* and vessels employed, should be previously cooled by one of the freezing mixtures. 1. Sal ammoniac 5 oz., nitre 5 oz., water 16 oz. 2. Mix -i oz. of nitrate of ammonia, 4 of crystallized carbonate of soda, and 4 of water. In 3 hours 10 oz. of water may be frozen. 3. Nitrate of ammonia and chloride of ammonium in equal projiortions, water q. s. 4. Nitrate of ammonia 5 parts, nitrate of potash 5, sulphate of soda 8, water 16 parts. 5. Phosphate of soda 9 parts, dilute nitric acid 4 parts. 6. Sulphate of soda 8 parts, hydrochloric acid 5 parts. 7. Sulphate of soda 6 parts, nitrate of ammonia 5 parts, diluted nitric acid 4 parts. 8. Mix 1 part by weight of powdered sal ammoniac with 2 of powdered nitre. Reduce common washing soda to powder. Keep tliese powders in well-closed bottles, and when required for use take equal measures of each, and add an equal bulk of water, or sufiicient to dissolve the salts. 9. Chloride of ammonium 11 drs., nitre 10 drs., sulphate of soda 2 oz. Po^\■der separately, and mix in a tin vessel with 5 oz, of water, 358 TRADE CHEMICALS With Ice. 1. Snow 01" pounded ice 2 parts, chloride of sodium 1 part. 2. Snow 2 parts, crystallized chloride of calcium 3 parts. 3. Snow 8 parts, hydrochloric acid 5 parts. 4. Snow or pounded ice 12 parts, chloride of sodium 5 parts, nitrate of ammonia 5. 5. Snow 7 parts, diluted nitric acid 4 parts. 6. Snow 3 i^arts, diluted sulphuric acid 2 parts. Feench Polish. This is an alcoholic solution of shell-lac ; some of the softer resinous gums are usually added, but too much of them renders the polisli less durable. Highly rectitied spirit, not less than 60 over proof, should be used. Rectified wood naptha is sometimes substituted, to which the unpleasant smell is the only objection. Me- thylated spirit is now almost invariably employed for the manufacture of French polish, and it is advised to substi- tute it for the rectified spirit in the following formulaj. 1. Orange shell-lac 22 oz., rectified spirits 4 pints ; dissolve. 2. Shell-lac 3 oz., gum sandarac ^ oz., rectified spirit a pint. 3. Shell-lac 4 oz., gum thus | oz., rectified spirit a piut ; dissolve, and add almond or poppy oil 2 oz. 4. Shell-lac 5 oz., seed-lac 1 oz., gum juniper \ oz., mastic 1 oz., rectified spirit a pint. 5. Shell-lac 3 oz., seed-lac 3 oz., gum juniper IJoz., mastic 1 oz., rectified si)irit a quart. 6. Shell-lac 5 oz., oxalic acid ^ oz., rectified spirit a pint ; dissolve, and add linseed oil 4 oz. 7. Shell-lac 5 oz., gum benzoin 5 oz., oxalic acid 10 drs., rectified spirit a quart ; dissolve, and add | pint of lin- seed oil. 8. Shell-lac 8 oz., gum elemi 1 J oz., rectified spirit 4 pints. 9. Shell-lac 10 oz., seed-lac 6 oz., gum thus 3 oz., sandarac 6 oz., copal varnish 6 oz., rectified naphtha 8 innts. Or dissolve 8 oz. each of seed-lac, gum thus, and sandarac, separately in a pint of naphtha; and 1 lb. of shell-lac in 8 pints of naphtha. Then mix 6 oz. of copal varnish, 12 oz. of the solution of seed-lac, 6 oz. of the solution of frankincense, 12 of tlie solution of sandarivc, MISCELLANEOUS TEEPAEATIONS 359 and 5| lbs. of tlie solution of shell-lac. Let the copal varnish be jnit into the tinctiire of shell-lae, and well- shakon, and the othei' ingredients added. A correspond- ent informs me that this polish cannot be excelled. 10. Copal i oz., gum arabic 5 oz., shell-lac 1 oz. Pul- verize, mix, and sift the powders, and dissolve in a pint of spirit. 11. Shell-lac 5 oz., rectified naptha a pint. French polish is sometimes coloured with dragon's blood, turmeric root, &c. The general directions for pre- paring the polish are to put the gums with the spirit in a tin bottle, and set it on the hob, or in water, so as to keep it at a gentle heat, shaking it frequently. The cork should be loosened a little before shaking it, taking care that there is no flame near to kindle the vapour. When the gums are dissolved, let it settle for a few hours, and pour off the solution from the dregs. The method of using it is to have a roll of list, over the end of which five or six folds of linen rag are placed. The polish is applied to the linen with a sponge, and a little linseed oil is dropped on the centre of it. FtTLMiXATiNa Compounds. FulmiMating Powder. Mix together in a warm mortar 3 parts of pulverized nitre, 2 of dry carbonate of potash, and 1 of sulphur. A small quantity heated on an iron shovel or ladle till it fuses, suddenly explodes with great violence. It should be used with great caution. Another kind of fulminating or detonating powder is made by mixing 3 grs. of chlorate of potash with 1 of sulphm* : by strongly triturating it with strong pressure in a marble inortar, a succession of sharp explosions is produced. The same mixture, or 6 grs. of chlorate of potash, 1 of sulphur, and 4 of char- coal, struck with a hammer on an anvil, gives a loud report. Chloride, or TercJiloride of Nitrogen, and Iodide, or Teriodide of Nitrogen cannot be nieddled with without extreme danger. Fulminating gold, and the fulminating silver prepared witli ammonia, are also dangerous compounds, even in minute quantities. As they serve no practical use, the mode of preparing them is omitted. Fulminating Mercurg (Howabd's, as improved by Dr. Ukk). Dissolve by a gentle heat 1 oz. of quicksilver in 7i fluid. 360 TRADE CHEMICALS oz. (or 10 oz. by weight) of nitric acid, of 1"4 specific gravity, in a glass retort, the beak of which is loosely inserted into a large ballooii or bottle. Wlien the mer- cury is dissolved, the solution, at the temperature of 130° Fahrenheit, should be slowly poured through a funnel into 10 fluid oz. of alcohol of 0'830 specific gravity, con- tained in a vessel that will hold 6 times the quantity of in- gredients. "Wlien the action ceases, pour the contents of the matrass on a double filter in a glass funnel ; wash out any powder that may remain in the matrass with a little cold water, and throw this also on the filter ; and wash the fulminate with more water till it "passes free from acid. When sufiiciently drained, lift the filter out of the fimnel, and lay it open on a copper or earthen plate, and dry the fulminate at 212""F, or under, by hot water or steam. Its manufacture requires great caution : some valuable lives have been sacrificed in its preparation. Fulminating Silver (BEiiaNATELLi's). On 100 grs, of pul- verized nitrate of silver, in an open glass vessel, pour first an oz. of alcohol, and then as much strong nitreus acid. The mixture boils, and gives out ethereal vapours. Wlien all the powdered nitrate has taken the form of white clouds, cold distilled water must be added to sustain ebul- lition, otherwise tlie fulminate will be dissolved. Collect the powder on a filter, and dry it at a low temperature. Dr. TuENER directs 1 part of silver to be dissolved in 10 of nitric acid, at a gentle heat, 20 parts of rectified spirit to be added, and the mixture warmed. Wlieu it begins to boil, set it aside to cool, collect and wash the crystals on a filter, and carefully dry them. This is more violent and dangerous than fulminating mercury. Fumigations. See Fumigatio, Pocket Formulary, for their medicinal uses. Though not strictly belonging to this place, it may be useful to give a few directions for the management of these important agents, as disinfectants and purifiers. Carbolic Acid Fumigation, — Steep rags in it, and then suspend them in various parts of the room, or dilute one ounce with a gallon of water, and sprinkle the mixture over the walls and floors. Chlorine Fumigation, This is probably the most effective MISCELLAIfEOTTS PBEPABATIONS 361 in destroying noxious effluvia and putrid odours, and in checking the spread of contagious diseases. But as the gas itself is deleterious, except in a very diluted state, it nuist he used with caution in occupied appartments. To disinfect rooms from which the occupants have been removed, mLs common salt and black oxide of manganese in equal quantities. Mix also in an earthen basm equal weights of oil of ^'itriol and water, and when it has cooled put it into a bottle for use. Into a china or earthen basin put from 1 to 3 oz. of the powder, according to the size of the room, and pour over it t^nce or thrice as much of the mixed acid. Place it in the apartment, and close the doors and windows for a few hours ; the doors and windows are then thrown open till the smell of chlorine disappears. Dr. A. T. Thomson directs a mixture of 1 oz. of salt and i oz. of black oxide of manganese to be put into a china cup, and 6 tliud di"s. of oil of \T.triol poured on it, the cup being placed in a pipkin of hot sand. Instead of the above in- gredients, some chloride of lime may be placed in a large jar or basin, and a mixture of acetic acid and water poured on it. "Wlien used in, or near the apartments of the sick, great care must be taken that the chlorine is so diluted with au' that it shall occasion no annoyance to the invalid. Some contrivances have been adopted to render the extrication of chlorme gradual and continual. Smith's Chlorine Fumigator, and the moi'e simple one of Messrs. Heathfield & BuEGESS, are very convenient. Another method is proposed by Mr. ScanIan, in the ' Pharma- ceutical Journal,' vol. vii, page 343. By such contrivances, chlorine may with care be safely employed in houses occu- pied by the sick (in the j)assages, stairs, &c.), to prevent the sjDread of infectious fevers : but chloride of lime, simijly mixed with water, in the proportion of not more than 1 oz. to a quart, is usually sufficient to purify the chamber of the sick. It should be occasionally sprinkled on the floor, and also placed about the room in shallow dishes, or a linen cloth moistened with it, svLspended on a line. The same method may be j^ursued in all places where unpleasant smells prevail. Iodine. A little placed on a plate, diffuses into the atmo- sphere of a sick room, and Is a useful disinfectant, 362 TRADE CHEMICALS Nifi'ic Fumigation. Put into a cliina cnp equal measures of sulphuric acid and water, and add to it, from time to time, small quantities of powdered nitre : or put 2 or 3 drs. of powdered nitre int<5 a cup, and pour over it about an equal quantity of oil of vitriol. Stir it with a piece of glass, or tobacco-pipe, and remove it from time to time to different parts of the apartment. For large rooms 2 or 3 cups may be required. It is often recommended to apply heat ; but Dr. Bateman, of the Fever Hospital, found this imneces- sary and objectionalile, especially in the apartments of the sick. No metallic or wooden stin-ers, or vessels, must be used. Muriatic Fumigation. KydrocMoric Fumigation. This is iiow almost disused, being less efficacious than the preced- ing. It is ol)taiued by putting a few drachms of common salt into a cup, and pouring on it an equal quantity of oil of vitriol. Tlie vajwursare very injurious to the lungs. Acetic Fumigation. The vapour of vinegar, and especially of strong acetic acid, is employed as a disinfectant, but its efficacy is now considered to be very limited. It may be used by keeping the vinegar boiling over a lamp. A coarser method sometimes used is to plunge a red-hot poker into a cup of vinegar. Aromatic vinegar, merely lield to the nose, may afford some slight protection to those who attend upon the sick. Sulphur Fumigation. The fumes of burning sulphur may possibly have some effect in decomposing miasmata and noxious effluvia; but as they have no advantage over chlorine and are very disagreeable, and otherwise objec- tionable, they are not likely to be employed. Formerly the following powder was burnt to destroy contagious miasmata. Flowers of sulphur, nitre, and powdered myrrh, of each 1 oz. Tar Fumigation. The vapour of boiling tar has been used as a disinfectant, as well as a pallative in some affections of the respiratory organs. The usual plan is k) keep the tar boiling over a lamp. See Fumigatio Picea, Pocket Formulary. Benzoin, styrax, and other odoriferous gums, cascarilla bark, coffee berries, and the compounds termed aromatic pastiles, are burnt as purifiers and disinfectants. But MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS 363 little confidence is now placed in them as prophylactics against infection. The same may be said of camphor and tobacco. Tlxey should not be depended on to the exclusion of more efficient means, nor be made a substitute for free ventilation and the removal of all sources of noxious effluvia, when practicable. Fumigating Pastiles. See Peefumeet, further back. FuKNiTUEE Cream. 1. Soft water a gallon, soap 4 oz., bees'-wax in shavings 1 \h. ; boil together, and add 2 oz. of pearlash. To be diluted with water, laid on with a paint- brush, and polished ofp with a hard brush or cloth. 2. Wax 3 oz., pearlash 2 oz., water 6 oz. ; heat them together, and add 4> oz. of boiled oil, and 5 oz. spirit of turpentine. 3. Tlie name is sometimes given to a mixture of 1 oz. of white or yellow wax, with 4 of oil of turpentine. FcENiTUEE Paste. 1. Melt 1 lb. of bees'-wax with i pint of linseed oil, and add ^ oz. of alkanet root ; keep it at a moderate heat till sufficiently coloured ; then remove from the fire, add \ pint of oil of turpentine, strain through muslin, and put it into small gallipots to cool. 2. Scrape 4 oz. of wax, and put it into a pipkin with as much oil of turpentine as will cover it, and i oz. of pow- dered resin ; melt with a gentle heat, and stir in sufficient Indian red to colour it. 3. Equal weights of bees'-wax, spirit of turpentine, and linseed oil. FuENiTURE Oil. 1. Linseed oil a pint, alkanet I oz. ; digest in a warm place till coloured, and strain. 2. Tlie same with 5 pint of oil of turpentine. 3. Linseed oil a pint, alkanet root 1 oz., rose pink 1 oz. ; let them stand in earthern vessel all night. 4. A quart of linseed oil, 6 oz. of distilled vinegar, 3 oz. of spirit of turpentine, 1 oz. of hydrochloric acid, and 2 oz. spirit of wine. 5. Linseed oil 8 oz., vinegar 4 oz. ; oil of turpentine, mucilage, rectified spirit, each ^ oz. ; butter of antimony 5 oz. ; hydrochloric acid 1 oz. ; mix. 6. Linseed oil 16 oz., black resin 4 oz., vinegar 4 oz., rectified spirit 3 oz., butter of antimony 1 oz., spirit of salts 3 oz. ; melt the resin, add the oil, take it off the fire, 364 TRADE CHEMICALS and] stir it in the -s-inegar ; let it boil for a few minutes, stirring it ; when cool put it into a bottle, add the other ingredients, shaking all together. [The last two are espe- cially used for reviving French polish.] 7. Linseed oil a pint, oil of turpentine ^ pint, rectified spirit 4oz., powdered resin 1^ oz., rose pink i oz. ; mix. 8. Linseed oil 14 oz., vinegar 1^ oz., hydrochloric acid i oz. ; mix. Fusible Metal. See Allots, further back. Gall, Clarified. Ox-gall is prepared for the use of artists in the following manner : To a pint of fresh ox-gall, boiled and skimmed, add 1 oz. finely powdered alum ; leave it on the fire till the alum is dissolved, then let it cool, put it into a bottle, and cork it loosely. Ti'eat another pint in the same way with 1 oz. of salt instead of alum. After standing more than 3 months, carefully de- cant from each bottle the clear portion, and mix them together. The colouring matter is precipitated, and a clear, colourless liquid is obtained by filtration. It is used for mixing artists' colours, and to prepare ivory, oiled paper, &c., to re-s-ive the colours. Also for taking out grease spots. Galvanic Batteries, Solutions tor. See Acids, Mixed, FOE Galvanic Batteries. Gannal's Solution. See Anatomical Injections. Ganteine. (a composition for cleaning kid gloves ; some- times improperly termed Saponine). Dissolve 3 oz. of soap by heat in 2 oz. of water, and when nearly cold add 2 oz. of eau de Javelle, and 1 dr. of water of ammonia ; form a paste, which is to be rubbed over the glove with flannel till sufficiently clean. Garancine. Madder (sometimes the spent madder of the dyer's bath) is mixed -ndth its weight of oil of vitriol, added very gradually, so as to avoid overheating. Tlie acid is then washed out. Gaerot's Covering foe Pills. Soak 1 oz. of Purified gela- tin in 2 or 3 drs. of \\'ater ; keep it liquefied in a salt- water bath. Tlie pills are stuck on long pins, and dipped in the solution ; when cold the pins are withdrawn, after being heated by a small flame, which melts the gelatin and closes the liole. MISCELLANEOUS PREPARATIONS 365 Gases. These are generated in gas bottles fitted, by grind- ing, with an S-formed tube; or in flasks to which a bent tube is adapted by means of a cork ; in a common retort ; or sometimes in iron bottles w-ith a metal tube.* They are usually collected in vessels filled with water placed with their open end in a vessel of water. Pepy's Gas Solder is very useful for receiving, retaining, and trans- ferring gases. The pneumatic trough consists of a vessel for holding water, with a shelf for sustaining the jars or bottles that are to be filled j these are filled by sinking them under water, and are then lifted on the shelf, above which the water rises, with their open end do\niwards. Tlie beak of the retort, or bent tubes, are so placed that the gas issuing from them rises through the water into the vessel, and takes the place of the water in them. Some gases being very easily absorbed by water, are col- lected over mercm'y. Sometimes they are collected in dry bottles. For light gases, as ammonia, place a bottle in a vertical position -ndth its mouth downwards over the tube from which the gas issues, which should touch the bottom of the bottle. When the bottle is filled with gas, and this escapes from the mouth, quietly ^^ithdraw the tube and close the bottle, still inverted, with a greased stopper. For gases hea-vier than air, as chlorine, or car- bonic acid, the bottle must be plaeed with its mouth uppermost, and the tube delivering the gas must descend to the bottom of the bottle. When full of the gas, close it with the greased stopper. The tube connected with a flask in which a gas is generated should have a ball blo\^'n in it, into which asbestos may be introduced to arrest any particles thrown up by effervescence. The following are the processes for procuring the principal gases : — Ammoniacal Gas. This is obtained by mixing equal weights of slaked lime (previously cooled) and powdered sal ammo- niac, and heating the mixture in a retort or flask. As water rapidly absorbs the gas, it miist be collected over mercury, or in a dry bottle as described above. Carbonic Acid Gas. Carbonic Anhydride. This is obtained * Whenever practicable india-rubber tubing is now largely employed in place of tubes of glass and metal. ^ 366 TEADE CHEMICALS by acting on marble or chalk, or carbonate of soda or potash, by a diluted acid. For exact experiments it must be col- lected over mercury ; otherwise it may be collected in a bottle (as above). Mr. Benson states that a saturated solu- tion of sulphate of magnesia may be iised in collecting this gas, instead of mercury. See Pocket Formulary. Carbonic Oxide is obtained by acting on binoxalate of pot- ash with 6 times its weight of oil of vitriol at a gentle heat ; or by strongly heating, in an iron bottle or gun- barrel, equal weights of chalk and iron filings. The gas must be passed through water containing lime or caustic potash to absorb the carbonic acid gas. Chlorine. This gas may be obtained from oxide of man- ganese, common salt, and sulphuric acid, as directed in making chloride of lime. Or from hydrochloric acid and oxide of manganese (see Chlorinium, Pocket Formulary). But more conveniently, on the small scale, by dissolving common salt in water, adding a sixth of its weight of nitric acid, and as much oxide of manganese. Apply a gentle heat, and the gas is abundantly produced without violent action. (Chemist, vol. i.) Hydrochloric Acid Gas. It may be obtained by heating together in a flask equal weights of salt and oil of vitriol j or simply by heating strong hydrochloric acid. It must be collected over mercury; or otherwise conducted to the bottom of a di-y bottle, as described above. Hydrogen Qas is readily procured by pouring on fragments of zinc, in a glass bottle, or flask with a bent tube, or retort, some diluted sulphuric acid (1 measure of strong acid to 5 of water). It may be collected over water. If zinc be not at hand, fine iron wire, or the turnings or filings of iron, may be substituted for it. To procure gas of great purity, distilled zinc must be used. Hydbogen, PEROXIDE. See Hycb-Qgenii peroxidum. Pocket Formulary. Carburetted Hydrogen Oas. Light carburetted hydrogen is readily obtained by stirring the mud of stagnant pools. Heavy carburetted hydrogen is prepared by heating 1 part of alcohol -witli 6 or 7 of oil of vitriol, and conducting the mixed gases through milk of lime, which retains the sul- phurous acid J and afterwards through oil of vitriol, which MISCELLANEOUS PREPARATIONS 367 absorbs water, ether, and alcohol. Coal gas is a mixture of these gases, with other hydrocarbons, &c. Phosphuretted Hydrogen. The spontaneously inflammable variety of this gas is made by boiling phosphorus with solution of potash in a small retort, the beak of which is kept under water : as each bubble of gas rises from the water, it inflames, and forms a ring of white smoke, which dilates as it ascends. The spontaneous inflammability of the gas when mixed with atmospheric air or oxygen ren- ders caution necessary in its preparation. The other varieties of phosphuretted hydrogen have no special interest or application. Sulphuretted Hydrogen, Sydrosulphuric Acid. Hydric Sulphide. This gas is best obtained fi-om sulphide (sul- phuret) of iron, broken into small lumps. On this com- potmd, contauied in a gas bottle, or other suitable apparatus, jiour sulphuric acid previously diluted with 7 parts of water. If more acid be afterwards required, dilute the strong acid with only 4 of water. It is absorbed by water. Nitrogen, or Azote. Atmospheric air may be made to yield an unlimited supply of nitrogen, by exposing it to the action of substances which combine with its oxygen. By burning phosphorus in a large bell-glass standing in water, and allowing it to stand over the water a few hours, nearly pure nitrogen is obtained, which may be further purified by agitating it with solution of pure potash. CoRENWiNDER procures it from his solution of nitrate of potash (which see) by mixing one measure of it with three of concentrated solution of sal ammoniac, and heating the mixture in a flask. The gas contains a little ammonia, from which it may be freed by passing it through diluted sulphuric acid. Protoxide of Nitrogen. Nitrous Oxide of Davy. It is most conveniently made by heating nitrate of ammonia (formed by neutralizing pure nitric acid, diluted with 3 parts of water, with carbonate of ammonia, and boiling tlie solu- tion till a drop let fall on a cold plate solidifies, adding a little ammonia towards the end to ensure neutrali- zation) in a retort, at a heat not exceeding 500° Fahren- heit, till it is nearly all decomposed. It may be collected over warm water. This gas (principally, if not wholly, in 368 TEADE CHEMICALS the liquid form) is manufactured in enormous quantities for the use of dentists and for dental hospitals. Oxygen Gas. Mix chlorate of potash with a third of its bulk of black oxide of manganese ; put the mixture into a gas-bottle, or clean flask, to which a bent tube is fitted by a cork, and apply gentle heat. The gas, which comes over freely, may be collected over M'ater. Ozone. This is supposed to be oxygen in an allotropic and more active state. It is formed by putting into a wide bottle pieces of clean phosphorus, with a little water, so that the phosphorus shall be partly in the water and partly uncovered. Close the bottle for some hours, when the air it contains, will manifest the odour and effects of ozone. Sulphurous Acid Gas. Sulphurous Anhydride. It is procured in a nearly pure state by heating 2 parts of quicksilver with 3|of oil of vitriol, and collecting the gas over mercury. By passing the gas through a tube surrounded with a freezing mixture, it is condensed into a liquid. For ordinary purposes, the gas maybe obtainedas directed under Acid,St:lphueous. Gelatin, Pueified. Grenetine. It is made by various processes from gelatinous animal matters. Nelson's Patent Gelatine is made from cuttings of the hides of beasts, and skins of calves. These, freed fi'om hair, flesh, fat, &c., are washed and scored, then macerated for 10 days in a ley of caustic soda, and afterwards placed in covered vessels at a temperature of 60° to 70° until they become tender ; then washed from the alkali, exposed to the vapour of burning sulphur until they become sensibly acid, dissolved in earthen vessels heated to 150°, strained, put into settling vessels heated to 100° or 120° for nine hours, the clear liquor drawn ofP, and poured on the cool- ing slabs to the depth of ^ an inch. "Wlien cold, the jelly is cut in pieces, washed till free from acid, redissolved at 85°, poured on slabs, cut up, and dried on nets. Bone, Gelatin. The bones are boiled to remove the fat, then digested in dilute hydrochloric acid till the earthy matter of the bone is dissolved. The gelatin, which retains the form of the bone, is washed in a stream of water, plunged in hot water, and again in cold, to remove all remains of acid, and sometimes put into a solution of carbonate of soda. When well washed, it is dried on open MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS 369 baskets or nets. By steeping the raw gelatin in cold water, dissolving it in boiling water, evaporating the jelly, and cutting it into tablets, it may be dried and preserved in that form. German Paste, for feeding insectivorous singing -hirds. Blanched sweet almonds 1 lb., pea meal 2 lbs, butter 3 oz., saffron a few grains, honey q. s. Form the whole into u paste, and granulate it by pressing it through a cullender. Some add the yolks of 2 eggs. GiiDiNG. Leaf gold is affixed to various surfaces, properly prepared by gold size or other adhesive medium. Me- tallic surfaces are coated with gold, by means of amalgam of gold and mercury, applied with a wire brush, wet with an acid solution of mercury (made by dissolving 10 parts of mercury in 11 of nitric acid, by a gentle heat, and adding 2| parts of water). The article thus coated is heated over charcoal till the mercury is dissipated, and afterwards biu-nished. To give it a redder colour, it is covered with gilders' wax (a compound of verdigris, ochre, alum, and yellow wax) ; again exposed to heat, and afterwards washed and cleaned by a scratch brush and vinegar. An inferior kind of gilding is effected by dis- solving gold, with a fifth of its weight of copper, in nitro- hydrochloric acid, dipping rags in the solution, drying and burning them, and rubbing the ashes on the metallic sur- face with a cork dipped in salt and water. 3iLDiNG, hy immersion. Dissolve teroxide or terchloride of gold in a solution of pyrophosphate of soda, and dip the article to be gilt in it. Electro- Gilding, hy Elkington's patent process, is thus per- formed : — A solution of 5 oz. of gold (see Acid, Niteo- HTDEOCHLOEic, further back) is prepared, and boiled till it ceases to give out yellow vapours : the clear solution is mixed with 4 gallons of water, 20 lbs. of bicarbonate of potash added, and the whole boiled for 2 hours. The articles, properly cleaned, are suspended on wires, and moved about in the liquid from a few seconds to a minute, then washed, dried, and coloured in the usual way. The solution used in gilding with_ the voltaic apparatus is made by dissolving i oz. of oxide of gold, with 2 oz. of cyanide of potassium, in a pint of distilled water. 24 370 TEADE CHEMICALS GiNGEE Beer. See Beverages. Ginger Bread, Purgative. See further back. Glass of Borax. Calcine boras with a strong heat till the water of crystallization is expelled, and the salt fuses into a clear glass. Glass, Soluble. Mix 10 parts of carbonate of potash, 15 of quartz (or of sand free from iron and alumina), and 1 part of charcoal. Fuse together. The mass is soluble in 4 or 5 parts of water ; and the filtered solution evaporated to di'yness yields a transparent glass, permanent in the air. — FucHS. Glass. Glass differs considerably in composition, owing to the purposes for which it is intended ; but it may be said to consist mainly of mixtures, in varying proportions, of silicates of potash, soda, lime, baryta, magnesia, alumina, and lead, coloured by the addition of small quantities of different metallic oxide, particularly those of iron, manga- nese, cobalt, uranium, and gold. Crowai glass and green bottle glass contain a portion of lime. Green glass and some kinds of foreign white glass are free from lead, and should therefore be selected for chemical uses. Toughened Glass. M. de la Bastie's process for toughen- ing glass, consists in raising it to a very high temperature, and then plunging it while hot into a heated oleaginous bath. The process can only he successfully carried out by attention to a number of minute details. To mark on Glass. Glass may be written on for temporary purposes, by French chalk ; pencils of this substance will be found convenient. Glass may be written on with ink. if the surface is clean and di-y, and the pen held nearly perpendicular. The shell-lac ink (see Ink) is the best for labels, as it resists damp, &c. To scratch glass, a scratching diamond is used; or a piece of flint, or crystal of quartz, or the point of a small 3-square file. To engrave on glass, fluoric (hydrofluoric) acid is used, either in the liquid state or in vapour. The glass must be warmed, and coated \\ith wax, or engravers' cement, and the writing or design traced through the wax with a brad- awl, or other pointed instrument. The liquid fluoric acid is poured on it, and left to act on the uncovered portions of the glass ; or the fluorspar may be powdered and made J MISCELLANEOUS PREPABATIONS 371 into a paste with oil of vitriol, and laid over the prepared surface, and covered with lead-foil or tea-lead : or bruised fluorspar is put in a Wetlgewood evaporating basin, with sufficient oil of vitriol to form a thin paste, and the l)repared glass laid over the basin, so that the vapours may act on the portions from which the wax has been removed. To cut glass (besides the usual method of dividing cut glass by a glazier's diamond), the following means may be used :— To divide glass tubes or rods, form a deep mark round them with the edge of a sharp 3-square tile, then with a hand placed on either side of the mark, break the rod with a slightly stretching as well as bend- ing motion. A diamond or sharp flint may be substituted for a file. ^ Flasks, globes, and retorts may be divided by means of iron rings, having a stem fixed in a wooden handle. Make the ring red-hot, and apply it to the flask, itc. If the vessel do not break where it came in contact with the ring, wet the part, and it M-ill generally separate. Another method is to twist together 2 or 3 'threads of cotton, such as is used for wicks, moisten them with spirit of wine, and encircle the flask with them ; then holding the flask horizontally, set fire to the wick, and turn the flask with the fingers, so as to keep the flame in the direc- tion of the thread. If the separation does not tafej place the first time, the process may be repeated aft«r the glass has^ cooled. By these means a common oil-flask may be divided into an evaporating-dish and a funnel. By means of a stout iron rod, fixed in a wooden handle, and termi- nating in a blunt point, and heated to redness, broken retorts, globes, and flasks may be converted into useful evaporatmg dishes, &c. If any crack exist, it may easily be led in any direction, as it will follow the motion of the heated iron. If no crack exist, one must be produced by applying the point of the heated rod to any convenient spot on the edge of the broken glass, touching it after- wards with a moistened finger, if necessary. The edo-es of glass thus divided are rendered less apt to break by heat- ing them in the flame of a blowpijie, or grinding them smooth with emery on a flat stone. See Faeadat's Manipulations. Glass, to Platinize. M. Dullo. This is recommended to ■ prevent fusing of the end of the tube used in Marsh's 372 TEADE CHEMICALS test for arsenic. lu drawing out the end of the tube, leave the diameter slightly larger than is necessary ; then roughen the narrow end with a file. Dip in a solution of bichloride of platinum, containing one twentieth of the metal ; remove excess of the di'op, and heat cautiously till the glass acquires a metallic appearance. Repeat this four or five times. Glass, to Silver. 1. The term silvering is commonly appHed to the process of coating the surface of glass with amalga- mated tinfoil, in forming mirrors. The tinfoil Is rubbed over with quicksilver, and more of the latter poured over it : the plate of glass, perfectly clean and dry, is then ap- plied to it in such a way as to exclude all air-bubbles, and to bring the glass and tinfoil into perfect contact. The plate, after being inclined, so as to allow the superfluous quicksilver to drain off, is loaded with weights, under which it remains tiU the adhesion is complete. To convex and concave mirrors, tlie amalgamated foil is applied by means of accurately fitting plaster moulds. The interior of globes is silvered by introducing a liquid amalgam (see Amalgams), and turning about the globe, till every part is covered with it. Glass, to Silver. 2. Pettuean's process. 15-iO grs. of nitrate of silver are treated with 955 grs. of strong solution of ammonia, and afterwards with 7700' grs. of water. To this solution, when clear, are added 170 grs. of tartaric acid dissolved in 680 of water, then 152 cubic uiches more of water, with brisk agitation. "Wlien it has settled, the clear part is poured off; 152 ciibic inches of water are added to the sediment, to dissolve as much as possible. The clear fluids are mixed, and again 62 cubic inches of water are added. This is Silvering Solution No. 1. No. 2 is prepared in the same manner, but with twice as much tartaric acid. Tlie glass plate being cleaned, and laid hori- zontally, an even layer of Solution No. 1 is poured on it, to about the depth of ^\jth of an inch. Heat is then ap- plied by means of a cast-iron water-bath beneath. Bright silver is soon deposited, "\^^len the stratum of fluid is exhausted, it is poured off, and solution No. 2 next applied in the same way. The silver surface may be polished, or coated with black varnish. MISCELLANEOtrS PEEPAEATIOTfS 373 3. LiEBiG proposes to silver glass without mercury by a solution|of ammonio-uitrate of silver, to which potash or soda is added, and which deposits silver at ordinary tem- peratures when brought in contact with an aqueous solu- tion of sugar of milk. 4. Mr. Dbatton mixes 1 oz. of nitrate of silver, 3 oz. of water, 1 oz. of liquid ammonia, and 3 oz. of spirit of wine, and filters the solution after it has stood •i hours. To every oimce of the solution he adds + oz. of grape sugar, dissolved in equal quantities of water and alcohol. The surface to be silvered is covered with this liqiiid at a temperature of 160° F. maintained till the deposition of silver is complete. ^Tien quite dry, the coated surface is covered with mastic varnish. Other sub- stances besides sugar occasion the deposition of silver from the ammoniacal solution ; as oil of cassia, oil of cloves, and other essential oils, aldehyde, &c. Ungee recommends a strong alcoholic solution of tannin. M. VoHL prefers an alkaline solution of gun-cotton. Dissolve gun-cotton in a solution of caustic potash, pour it into a solution of nitrate of silver, and add ammonia sufficient to redissolve the pre- cipitate. The liquor, being slowly heated in a water-bath, becomes brown, efPervesces, and deposits silver of superior bi'illiancy Glass, to Clean. The vessel to be cleansed is filled, or if large, rinsed with a moderately dilute solution of the permanganate of potash, contact being prolonged till a film of hydrated manganic oxide has been deposited ; the solution is then poured away, and the glass vessel rinsed with some strong hydrochloric acid. Glazes. Common earthenware is glazed ^\-ith a composition containing lead, on which account it is unfit for many pharmaceutical purposes. The following glaze has been proposed, among others, as a substitute : — 100 parts of washed sand, 80 of purified potash, 10 of nitre, and 20 of slaked lime ; all well mixed and heated in a blacklead crucible, in a reverberatory furnace, till the mass flows into a clear glass. It is then to be reduced to powder. The goods to be slightly burnt, placed under water, and sprinkled with the powder. Glaze foe Poecelain. Felspar 27 parts, borax, 18, Lynu S74i TRADE CHEMICALS sand 4, nitre 3, soda 3, Cornwall china clay 3 parts. Melt together to form a frit, and reduce it to a powder, with 3 parts of calcined borax. — Rose. Glue is made by boiling parings of ox-hides and other sldns in water, evaporating the solution to a due consistence, allowing it to gelatinize in wooden boxes, cutting it into layers with a wire, and drying the layers on nets stretched on wooden frames. Bones also yield a pale glue, described under Gelatin. Bank-note glue, or mouth glue is made by dissolving 1 lb. of fine glue, or gelatin, in water, evapo- rating it till most of the water is expelled, adding ^ lb. of brown sugar, and pouring it into moulds. Some add a little lemon-juice. It is also '..lade with 2 parts of dex- trin, 2 of water, and 1 of spirit. Glue, Liquid. 1. Dissolve bruised orange shell-lac in f of its weight of methylated or rectified spirit, or of rectified wood naphtha, by a gentle heat. It is a very useful as a general cement and substitute for glue. 2. Anotlier kind may be made by dissolving 1 oz. of borax in 12 oz. of soft water, adding 2 oz. of bruised shell-lac, and boiling till dissolved, stirring it constantly. 3. Dissolve 1000 parts of glue in 1000 parts by weight of water in a glazed pot, over a gentle fire. Wlien it is melted, add nitric acid (sp. gr. 1"32) 200 parts, pouring it in very gradually. An effervescence is caused by the escape of hyponitrous acid. \Vlien all the acid is added, allow the mixture to cool. (This glue is found to remain unaltered on exposure to the air. It is applied cold, and is recommended as very convenient in chemical operations.) M. Dumoulin. Glue, Marine. Cut caoutchouc into small pieces, and dissolve it, by heat and agitation, in coal naphtha. Add to this solution powdered shell-lac, and heat the whole with constant stirring, until coinbination takes place, then pour it while hot on metal plates, to form sheets. When used it must be heated to 218° P., and applied with a brush. Glue of Casein. 1. Braconnot. Dissolve casein in a strong solution of bicarbonate of soda. 2. Wagner. Dissolve casein in a cold saturated solution of borax. Suiaerior to gum, and may take the place of glue in many cases. May be used for the backs of adhesive tickets. MISCELLANEOUS PKEPAKATIONS 87§ Gluten, Vegetable. Form wheat flour into a stiff paste A\itli cold water ; then knead it under a stream of water till all the starch is washed away. What remains is im- pure gluten. Golden Compound. Anhydrous tungstate of soda, or the salt obtained in fusing 2 equivalents of tungstic acid with 1 of carbonate of soda, is to be melted in a porcelain crucible, over a spirit lamp, at a temperature not more than sufficient; then add small pieces of pure tin to the melted mass. Cubes of a golden colour instantly form. The process should not be continued too long, or they acquire a purple hue. (See Aubum Musivum.) Gum, Beitish. (See Dextrin.) It is also prepared by heating starch alone, or previously mixed with an acid. PiNEL directs half a gallon of nitric and lialf a pint of hydrochloric acid to be mixed with 100 gallons of water, and as much potato fecula added as will form a paste. In 2 hours remove the paste in buckets, prepared for the pur- pose, to drain off all the water. Then place the paste in small lumps in a drying room till dry ; pulverize it, and expose the powder the first day to the temperature of 100°, the next day raise it to 150°, on the tliird day to 190°. It is then powdered, sifted, and heated from 300° to 350°. To give it the appearance of gum, after it has gone through the stove, and is powdered and sifted, mix it to a paste with water to which 1 per cent, of nitric acid has been added, spread it on copper plates in layers | of an inch thick, and heat it in an oven from 240° to 300°, then remove it to the open air to cool. Gum Arabic, Purification of. Picciotto's process. The gum is dissolved in water, and sulphurous acid gas passed into it. The sulphurous acid is sufficiently removed for common purposes by gently boiling the mucilage in a retort with a receiver attached. But to obtain the gum in a purer state, carbonate of baryta is added, the mixture is filtered, afterwards agitated with gelatinous alumina, again filtered, and evaporated. Gun Barbels, to Stain. (See Browning Liquids, further back.) Gun Cotton. Mix 1^- fluid oz. of each of the strongest nitric and sulphuric acids ; put the mixture in a Wedge- 376 TEADE CHEMICALS wood mortar, and when cool add 100 grs, of cotton wool. Stir it with a glass rod, and when it is fully soaked, squeeze out the acid with tke pestle or a porcelain spoon, throw the cotton into a large quantity of water, squeeze it again, and wash it under a stream of water till quite free from acid. In the specification, the patentee directs 1 measure of nitric acid, sp. gr. 1'45 or 1'50 to be mixed with 3 measures of sulphuric acid, sp. gr. 1'85 ; the cotton to be soaked in the acid, then squeezed from it, and left in a covered vessel for an hour ; and after washing, to be dipped in a solution of 1 oz. carbonate of potash in a gallon of water, then pressed, and partially dried ; again dipped in a weak solution of nitre, then dried in a room heated to 150°. See Pocket Formulary. See Collo- dion. Gun Powder. A compound of nitre, charcoal, and sulphur. The nitre should be purified by recrystallization, the sulphur by distillation, and the charcoal selected of the best quality — that of the dog-wood, alder, poplar, chestnut, or willow is preferred. The following is the composition of some of the most approved kinds : Nitre. Charcoal. Sulphur. Royal Mills, Waltham Abbey 75 Marsh's Sporting .... 76 Mining 65 French (Government) ... 75 Sporting 78 Chinese 75 Gun Powder, White. Well dried yellow prussiate of potash 1 part, white sugar 1 part, chlorate of potash 2 parts. Let the ingredients be separately reduced to a fine jjowder, and the powders mixed by the hand, or by means of a leathern barrel turning on its axis. Or they may be moistened vnth water, and granulated by passing the paste through a wire sieve. Gypsum, to Harden. K eating's patent i^rocess is to moisten calcined gypsum with a solution of 1 lb. of borax, 1 lb. of tartar, in 11 lbs. of water; it is then heated to red- ness for 6 hours, and pulverized. Eedemann recommends 15 10 15 9 15 20 12-5 12-5 12 10 14-14 9-9 I MISCELLANEOtrS PBEPAEATIOlfS 377 plaster figures, &c., to be soaked in a solution of Frcn's soluble glass. Hahnemann's Wine Test. See Tests. Haeness Jet. Take 4 oz. best glue, 1^ pints good vinegar, 2 oz. best gum arable, i pint good black ink, 2 drs. best isinglass. Dissolve the gum in the ink, and melt the isinglass in another vessel in as much hot water as -will cover it. Having first steeped the glue in the ^anegar until soft, dissolve it completely by the aid of heat, stirring to prevent burning. The heat should not exceed 180°. Add the ink and gum, and allow the mixture again to rise to the same temperature. Lastly, mix in the solution of isinglass, and remove fi'om the fire. When used, a small portion must be heated until fluid, and then applied with a sponge, and allowed to dry on. Haeness, Waterproof Paste foe. Put into a pipkin black resin 2 oz., place on a gentle fire, and when melted add bees'-wax 3 oz. Wlien this is melted, remove from the fire, and stir in | oz. fine lamp-black and ^ dr. Prus- sian blue, finely powdered. When completely mixed, add spirits of turpentine to form a thin paste and let it cool. To be applied like blackmg. Heading foe Beee. Equal parts of alum and sulphate of iron. — Geat. Incense. See Peeftjmeey. India Eubbee Couet Piaster. A stout frame of ^vood must be made, about 3 yards long and about I5 yards wide. Within this frame must be placed two sides of another frame, running longitudinally and across, so fixed in the outer frame that the two'pieces may slide independently of each other backwards and forwards about 6 inches. Tapes of canvas must be tacked round the inside of the inner frame and the corresponding sides of the outer frame, so as to form a square for the material to be se^^^l in, which when done, the two loop frames must be dra^ra tightly to the outer by means of a twine passed round each, in order to stretch perfectly free from irregularities the silk or satin previous to laj-ing on the composition. To make the plaster. Dissolve India rubber in naphtha or naphtha and turpentine, lay it on witli a flat brush on the opposite side to that which is intended for the plaster. 378 TEADE CHEMICALS When the silk is perfectly dry and the smell in a great measnre dissipated, it will be ready for the adhesive ma- terial; to make which take eqvial parts of Salisbury or fine llussian glue and the best isinglass, dissolve in a sufficient quantity of water over a water-bath, and lay on with a flat hogtool while warm. It is recpiisite to use great caution to spread [the plaster evenly and in one direction, and a sufficient number of coatings must be given to form a smooth surface, through which the texture of the fabric is not perceptible. Each coating should be perfectly dry before the succeeding one is given, after which the frame is to be placed in a situation free from dust, and where a draught of air would facilitate the drying. The quantity of water used and the weight of the two materials must be a little varied according to the season and the gelatin strength they possess. Lastly, the plaster being ready to receive the polishing coat, which gives also the balsamic effect to it, a preparation is made in nearly the same manner as the Tinct. Benz. Co. of the P. L., with the ad- dition of more gums. This preparation must be laid on once only, and with a In-ush kept for the purpose. For making plasters on coloured silks it is only necessary to select the silk a shade deeper than the colour required, as the plaster causes it to appear a little lighter. Indigo. The principal preparations of indigo are described under Chemic Blue, and Dyes. Indigo may be puri- fied by several methods, 'of which the following is the mest simple : — Mix indigo with half its weight of Paris plaster and sufficient water to form a thin paste. Spread this evenly on an iron plate, about two inches wide, to the depth of one eighth of an inch, and let it dry in the air. Then apply the flame of a large spirit lamp to the under side of the plate, beginning at one end and advancing it to the other as the sublimation proceeds. The violet vapour condenses on the surface in brilliant prisms or plates. Good indigo yields from 15 to 17 per cent. — Mr. T. Taylor. Purified indigo is also obtained from the alkaline solu- tion of reduced indigo, described under Dyes ; or by dis- solving indigo in a mixture of 1 part of caustic soda, 1 of grape sugar, and 20 of water. To the clear solutions thus MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS 379 oUained add hydrochloric acid to throw down the iiidipfo, wash this perfectly with pure water, and finally with alcohol. If care be taken to exclude the air before and after adding the acid, and to wash it with recently boiled water, to drain it rapidly and dry it in vacuo, the indigo is obtained nearly white,"^ but becomes blue on exposure to the air. I>^KS. The following are specimens of the most useful kinds : BlacJc Writing Inks. 1. Bbande's. Bruised Aleppo galls 6 oz., soft water 6 pints ; boil together, add 4 oz. of sulphate of iron and 4 oz. of gum arable. Put the whole in a bottle, and keep it in a warm place, shaking it occa- sionally. In 2 mouths pour it off into glass bottles ; and add to each pint a grain of corrosive sublimate, or 3 or 4 drops of creasote. 2. Dr. Wollaston's, Galls 1 oz., gum i oz., cloves i dr., sul]ihate of iron ^ oz., water 8 oz. Digest with fre- quent shaking, till it has sufficient colour. A good durable ink, and will bear diluting. 3. Prerogative Court InTc. Galls 16 oz., gum 6 oz., alum 2 oz., sulphate of iron 7 oz., kiuo 3 oz., logwood in powder 4 oz., water 8 lbs. — Gbat. 4. Dr. Ure's Ink. For 12 gallons of ink take 12 lbs. of bruised galls, 5 lbs. of gum Senegal, 5 lbs. of green sul- phate of iron, and. 12 gallons of rain water. Boil the galls in a copper with 9 gallons of water for 3 hours, adding fresh water to replace what is lost by evaporation. Let the decoction settle, and draw off the clear liquor ; add to it a strained solution of the gum ; dissolvealso the sulphate of iron separately, and mix the whole. Instead of boiling the galls, they may be macerated in a portion of hot water for 12 hours, then put into a percolator, and the rest of the water passed through it. 5. Anti-corrosive Ink. Aleppo galls 10 lbs., logwood 5 lbs., pomegranate-peel 2i lbs., cloves 2^ oz., soft water 8 gallons. Let the whole boil gently for an hour or two, then cover the copper and letive it for 12 or 14 hours, stirring it now and then. Strain off the decoction and add 2 gallons more water to the ingredients ; simmer gently for an hour, and strain. Mix the liquors, and let 380 Teade chemicals them settle; draw off the clear liquid from the dregs; dissolve in a portion of it 2i lbs. of gum arable and i lb. of sugar candy ; and in another portion 2^ lbs. of green sul- phate of iron. Strain both solutions, and mix the whole together ; then add 1 oz. of calcined borax, and t oz. of creasote dissolved in \ pint of spirit of wine. [Dr. Haee recommends an ink free from acid, to be made with galls and " finery-cinder ;" but we are not sure what is intended by this name.] 6. RlBATJCOtTRT's Ink. Galls 1 lb., logwood I lb., gum 6 oz., sulphate of .'iron ^ lb., sulphate of copper 2 oz., sugar 2 oz., water 12 lbs. (or 5 quarts). This has the dis- advantage of corroding the steel pens and the penknives with which it comes in contact. 7. Galls 3 oz., sulphate of iron 1 oz., logwood ^ oz., gum i oz., ale a quart. Let it stand in a loosely corked bottle in a M'arm place, for a M'cek or more, shaking it daily. 8. Boil 4 oz. of logwood for an hour in 6 quarts of water ; adding boiling water as it evaporates : then add 16 oz. of blue galls coarsely bruised, 4 oz. of dry sul- phate of iron (i. e. heated till it becomes whitish and pulverulent), 3 oz.' of brown sugar, 6 oz. of gum arable, and 5 oz. acetate of copper ground with a little of the decoction. Keep the whole in a bottle imcorked for a fortnight, shaking it twice a day. 9. Reade's Patent. This differs from common black ink, in containing a portion of soluble Prussian blue. 10. Clirome Ink. Extract of logwood ^ oz., gum \ oz., water a pint. Dissolve also in 12 oz. of water, ^ oz. of yellow chromate of potash (or \ oz. each of bichromate and bicarbonate of potash) ; and mix the two solutions. The ink is ready for immediate use. 11. Dr. Lewis's TTriting Ink. Powdered sulphate of iron 1 oz., powdered logwood 1 oz., powdered galls 3 oz., gum arable 1 oz., white wine or vinegar 1 quart. 12. Beezelius recommends a solution of vanadiate of ammonia in infusion of galls. Dr. Uee states that this forms the most perfect ink that can be desired; but the scarcity and high price of the vanadiate prevents. its use. I MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS 381 13. Ettnge's Blach Writing Fluid. Boil logwood 22 lbs., ill enough water to yield 14 gallons of decoction. To 1000 parts of this decoction, when cold, add 1 part of clu-omate of potash. The mixture is to be weU stirred. The proportions are to be carefully observed, and the yellow chromate, not the bichromate, employed. (This ink is said to possess some great advantages ; to adhere strongly to paper, so that it can neither be washed o£E by water, nor even altered by weak acids ; to form no de- posit ; and not to be in the least act^d upon by steel pens.) Steel pens should be washed in an alkaline solution before being used with this ink. On exposure to the air, rapid decomposition of this fluid sometimes takes place. This may be prevented by adding a little carbonate of soda to the fluid. 14. Alizarine Ink. Leonhabdi. Digest 24 parts Aleppo galls with 3 parts of Dutch madder and 120 warm water. Filter. Mix 1-2 parts solution of indigo, 5-2jof sulphate of iron, and 2 parts crude acetate of iron solu- tion. ;This ink contains no gum, and cannot get mouldy; the tannate of iron is prevented from separating by the sulphate of indigo. Alizarine ink may be evaporated to dryness and formed into cakes; 1 part with six of hot water will then form an excellent wTiting fluid. Packers' Marking Ink is merely the dregs of black ink, for marking parcels with a brush. Copying Ink. Mr. Brande directs 1 oz. of brown sugar to be added to Xo. 1, for copying. Another kind is made by dissolving | oz. of gum, and 20 grs. of Spanish liquorice, in 13 drs. of water, and adding to it a drachm of lamp-black, pre^-iously mixed with a teaspoonful of sherry. If the lamp-black is greasy, it should be heated to redness in a covered crucible. Another published form is : — Black ink 3 oz., sugar candy 1 oz. Ink Powder. This consists of the dry ingredients for ink, powdered and mixed. 1. Powdered galls 4 oz., sul- phate of iron (heated till it becomes wliite and pulveru- lent) 1 oz., powdered gum 1 oz., white sugar 2 oz. ; mix. To make a quart of ink, with water or beer. 2. Powdered galls 2 lbs., green vitriol 1 lb., powdered 382 TRADE CHEMICALS gum 8 oz. In 2 oz. packets, each for 1 pint of ink. — Geay. Red Writing Inks. 1. Best ground Brazil wood 4 oz., diluted acetic acid a pint, alum ^ oz. Boil them slowly in a covered turned copper or enamelled saucepan, for an hour ; strain, and add ^ qt.. gum. Some direct the Braztl wood to infuse for 2 or 3 days before boiling. 2. Weber's Bed Ink. Boil 4 oz. of Pernambuca wood with 16 oz. of dilute acetic acid and an equal quan- tity of water, until 24 oz. remain. Add an ounce of alum, and evaporate again to 16 oz. ; add gum aralic 1 oz., strain : and to the cold liquid add, lastly, 1 dr. of proto- chloride of tin. (Said to be of a finer colour, ami more permanent, than cochineal ink.) 3. Boil 2 oz. of good Brazil wood, ^ oz. of alum, and a" oz. of cream of tartar, in 16 oz. of ram water, till reduced to half ; strain, and dissolve in it | oz. of gum arable, and add a tincture made with 1-^ drs. of cochineal in I-2- oz. of spirit of wine. — Hexselee. 4. Brazil 4 oz., alum 2 oz., water a quart. Boil for an hour, and strain ; then add 1 oz. of gum. 5. Triturate 1 dr. of cochineal and 1 dr. of carbonate of potash, with a little boiKng water ; then add 1 dr. of burnt alum and 2 drs. of cream of tartar, and water to bring it to the desired colour. [Not so permanent as the Brazil ink.] 6. Carmine Ink. Heat a scruple of carmine with 3 oz. of water of ammonia for some minutes, a little below boil- ing, and add 15 to 20 grs. of gum. (The inkstand must be kept well closed.) 7. Stephen's Red Ink. (Patent). Take some common soda, potash, or carbonate of ammonia, and add to it, at intervals, twice its weight of crude argol in powder. Wlien effervescence has ceased, pour off the solution, or filter it from insoluble matter. Add to it next, by measure, half the quantity of oxalate of alumina, prepared by addmg to precipitated alumina in a damp state as much oxalic acid as will dissolve it. Into this mixture, when cold, put as much powdered cochineal as will give it a fine red colour, and, after letting it stand for 48 hours, strain it for use. Bine Inks, 1, Reade's Patent. Prepare a solution of MISCELLANEOUS PREPAEATIONS 38B iodide of iron, from iodine, iron, and water; add to the solntion half as much iodine as first used. Pour this solution into a semi-saturated solution of f erro-pi'ussiate of potash, containing nearly as much of the salt as the whole weight of iodine. Collect the precipitate, wash it, and finally dissolve it in water, to form the blue ink. Tlie solntion from which the precipitate is separated, evapo- rated to dryness, and the residue fused, redissolved, and crystallized, yields pure iodide of potassium. [This process being patented, ink must not be prepared by it for sale.] 2. Add a pint of a cold solution of persulphate of iron (prepared as directed, further on) to a solution of 6 oz. of ferro-cyanide of potassium in 2 pints of water. Collect the precipitate, wash it with distilled water until it begins to dissolve, then triturate it in a mortar with snflicient distilled water to form a blue ink. 3. Chemic, or Saxon blue (sulphate of indigo), diluted with water to the desired shade, with a little gum. 4. Pure Prussian blue, triturated with a sixth part of its weight of oxalic acid, with a little water, to a smooth paste, and more water added to bring it to the proper colour. A larger proportion of the acid is ordered in some recipes. 5. Dr. Nohmandy's Blue Ink. Chinese blue (ferro- cyanide of iron) is ground in water with binoxalate of potasli and gum arable, in the following proportions : — 7 oz. of water to 3 drs. of Chinese blue, 1 dr. of binoxalate of potash, and 1 dr. of gum arabic. 6. Stephen's Patent Blue Ink. Common Prussian blue is first macerated in strong sulphuric acid, then rei^eatedly washed in water, and afterwards dried. This process is to render it more soluble in oxalic acid, which is now to be gradually added in the propoi-tion of about 1 part to 6 of the Prussian blue (as before maceration), together with sufficient water to yield a dense blue solution. 7. Digest 2 oz. of the cuttings of tin plate with 4 oz. of nitrous acid, and add the solution to a gallon of water in which 2 oz. of prussiate of potash have been dissolved. [This requires fi'equent shaking to keep the precijjitate (which is Prussian blue) suspended.] Violet Inks. 1. Boil 8oz. of logwood in 3 pints of rain 384 TEADE CHEMICALS or distilled water to li pints. Strain, and add IJ oz. of clean gum, and 2| oz. of alum in fine power. Agitate frequently till dissolved. 2. Cudbear 1 oz., jjearlasli IJ oz., mucilage 2 oz., soft M'ater to make a pint. Pour the water hot on the cudbear and pearlash, allow the mixtixre to stand for twelve hours, then strain, and add the mucilage; 1 oz. of rectified spirit may also be added. Furple Inks. 1. Add a little muriate (chloride) of tin to a strong decoction of logwood. A Uttle gum may be added. 2. Dr. NoEMANDY's Purple Ink. To 12 lbs. of Cam- peachy wood add as many gallons of boiling water, pour the solution through a funnel, with a strainer made of coarse flaimel, or 1 lb. of hydrate, or acetate of deutoxide of copper finely powdered (having at the bottom of the funnel a piece of sponge) ; then add immediately 14 lbs. of alum, and for every 340 gallons of liquid add 80 lbs. of gum arable or gum Senegal. Let these remain for 3 or 4 days, and a beautiful j)urple colour will be produced. Brown Ink. 1. Boil \ oz. of catechu with 8 oz. of water until dissolved, and strain. Dissolve 60 grains of bichro- mate of potash in I5 oz. of water, and add it gradually to the solution of catechu until the desired shade is obtained. It requires no gum. 2. By adding to the violet ink finely powdered bichro- mate of potash, in the proportion of from 15 to 30 gi-ains to an ounce, various shades of brown and snuff colour are obtained. Yelloiv Ink. 1. Gamboge triturated with water, and a little alum added. 2. Boil 8 oz. of French berries with 1 oz. of alum in a quart of water ; strain, and add 1 oz. of gum. Green Ink. 1. Dissolve 3 drs. of bichromate of potash in 1 oz. of water ; add to the hot solution J oz. of alcohol, and decompose the mixture by a little strong sulphuric acid till it assumes a browiT colour. Evaporate the liquid to half, let it cool, dilute with a suflicient quantity of water, and filter ; add to the filtered liquid 4 drs. of al- cohol, decompose with a few drops of sulphuric acid, and let it rest. After some time it assumes a fine green colour. MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAKATIOXS — INKS 385 A little gmn may be added. [There is danger of the paper and steel pens suffering from an excess of sulphuric acid.] — WiNCKLEE. 2. Distilled verdigris 2 oz., ci-eam of tartar 1 oz., water 8 oz. ; boil to half and filter. — Klapeoth. 3. Add to the yellow ink No. 2 sufficient sulphate of indigo. 4. Dissolve sap green in water with a little alum. 5. Rub 3y drs. of Prussian blue, and 3 drs. of gamboge, with 2 oz. of mucilage, and add i; pint of water. Gold and Silver Ink. Fine bronze ijowdei-, or gold or silver leaf, ground with a little sulphate of potash, and washed from the salt, is mixed with water and a sufficient quantity of gum. Or, the gold leaf may be ground on a slab with honey, whicii is afterwards washed away. Indestructible Writincf Fluids. The common writing inks being liable to be obliterated by many chemical agents, several compounds more capable of resisting these agents have been proposed ; of which the following appear deserving of notice. 1. Carbon Ink. Dissolve real Indian ink in common black ink ; or add a small quantity of lamp-black pre- viously heated to redness, and ground perfectly smooth, with a small portion of the ink. 2. Stephen's (patent) Carbon Ink. Common soda of commerce is mixed with resinous matters (as shell-lac or resin), in about equal parts by weight. Water being added according to the strength required, the solution is boiled until the resin has become dissolved. Mix in a mortar with the requisite quantity of fine lamp-black, and add any suitable coloured solution. 3. Shell-lac, Ink or Coathttpe's Writing Fluid. To 18 oz. of water add 1 oz of powdered boraY, and 2 oz, of bruised shell-lac, and boil tliem in a covered vessel, stir- ring them occasionally, till dissolved. Filter, when cold, through coarse filtering paper ; add 1 oz. of mucilage ; boil for a few minutes, adding sufficient finely powdered indigo and lamp-black to colour it. Leave the mixture for 2 or 3 hours for the coarser particles to subside ; pour it off from the dregs, and bottle it for use. 4. Qluten Ink. Dissolve wheat gluten, free from starch, 25 38G TBADE CHEMICALS in we.ik acetic acid of the strength of coiinuon vinegar mix 10 grs. of hunp-bhick and 2 grs. of indigo with 4 oz. of tlie solution, and a drop or two of oil of cloves. 5. HArssMANN's. Dissolve 1 part of genuine asphaltum ^^■itll 4 parts of oil of turpentine, and sutRcient lamp-black. If sufficient lamp-black be used to give it a suitable con- sistence, it may be used with types. 6. Beacoxnet's Indelible Ink. Take 20 parts of Dant- zic potash, 10 of tanned leather parings, and 5 of sulphur ; boil them in an iron pot with sufficient water to dryness ; then raise the heat, stirring the matter constantly, till the whole becomes soft, taking care tliat it does not ignite. Add sufficient water, and filter through cloth. It must be kept from the air. It flows freely from the pen, and resists many chemical agents ; but it is not strictly in- delible. 7. Dr. Normandy's Indelible InJc. Frankfort lamp- black 24 11)S., to be ground with mucilage, made by adding 24 lbs. of gum to 60 gallons of water, and the mixture filtered thi-ough a very coarse flannel ; 4 lbs. of oxalic acid are then added, with as much decoction of cochineal and sulphate of indigo as will yield the shade of colour desired. 8. Indian Ink. Real lamp-black, produced by combus- tion of linseed oil, ground with gum, and infusion of galls. It is prepared both in a liquid and solid form, the latter being dried in the sun. 9. Gold is mixed with Indian ink, equal parts. 10. Puschee's Indelible Ink. Dissolve 4 parts of aniline black in 16 parts by weight of alcohol, with 60 drops of strong hydrochloric acid, and dilute the solution with 90 parts by weight of water in which 6 parts of gum arabic have been previously dissolved. It is said not to act uijon steel pens, nor be altered by alkalies or acids. Indelible Ink, for printing Cotton and Linen fabrics intended for chlorine bleaching. One part of coal-tar mixed with one part of benzine, and one tenth part of lamp-black. It can be made thicker or thinner by using more or less benzine. — Pharm. Jottenal. Ink for tvriting on Zinc Labels. — Horticultural Ink : — 1 . Dissolve 100 grs. of chloride of platinum in a pint of MISCELLANEOUS PREPARATIONS — INKS 387 ■water. A little mucilage and lamp-black may be added. 2. Sal ammoniac 1 dr., verdigris 1 dr., lamp-black i dr., water 10 drs. ; mi.K. Ink for writing on Steel or Tin Plate, or Sheet Zinc. 1. Mix 1 oz. of powdered sulphate of copper and ^ oz. of l)0\vdered sal ammoniac with 2 oz. of diluted acetic acid j adding lamp-black or vermilion. 2. Dissolve 1 i:)art of copper in 10 of nitric acid, and dilute with 10 parts of water. White Marking for Black Bottles, in cellars. Grind flake white, or sulphate of baryta, with a little oil of turpentine, and any light coloui'ed varnish, to a pi'oper consistence. Lithographic Ink. 1. Lasteyrie's : — Dried soap 1 oz., melt, and add shell-lac 5 oz., then common soda 1 oz., mastic 1 oz., and lastly, lamp-black 3 drs. Melt, stir together, and, when completely melted, pour into moulds : to be used as Indian ink. 2. Autographic. White soap 100 parts, white wax 100, mutton suet 30, shell-lac 50, mastic 50, lamp-black 30 or 35. Melted as above. 3. Lithographic Ink. Heat 40 parts of yellow wax until its vapour kindles on coming in contact with a burning match j tlien remove it from the fire, and add gradually, in small parts, Marseilles soap 22 parts, gum- lac 28 parts, and mastic 10 parts. Extinguish the flame, and incorporate perfectly with this mixture, lamp-black 9 parts. Then again heat until the vapour can be ignited, then remove it from the fire, and after the flame has been extinguished, pour it upon a stone. The mass is then cut into pieces. — M. Weishaupt. 4. Crayons. White wax 8 oz., white soap 2 oz., shell- lac 2 oz., lamp-black 3 tablespoonf uls. Melt the wax and soap with a brisk fire ; stir in the lamp-black ; allow the mixture to burn for half a minute, tlicn extinguish the flame, and add the sheel-lac by degrees, stirring continually. Put the mixture on the fii-e till it kindles, or nearly so. Extinguish the flame, let the mixture cool a little, and pour it into moulds. 388 TRADE CHEMICALS Inks for MarTcing Linen. Some of these are used mtli types ; others with a clean quill pen. 1. Sulphate of mangauese 1 dr., water 1 dr., powdered sugar 2 drs., lamp-black ^ dr. Triturate them together, and stamp in on the linen with types. Wlien dry, wash the part with liquor potassfe ; again dry, and wash with plenty of water. 2. Dr. Smellie's. Sulphate of iron 1 dr., linseed oil 1 oz. ; Vermillion \ oz. : grind perfectly smooth. Printers' ink is also used with type. 3. Heat to redness equal weights of black oxide of manganese and caustic potash, and mix it with an equal weight of pipe-clay, and sufficient water to give it a due consistence. To be applied with types or stencils. It becomes brovni, and does not wash out. The following are used with a quill pen : 4. Nitrate of silver 100 grs., distilled water 1 oz., gum arable 2 drs., sap green a scruple : dissolve. The linen is first to be wetted with the following pot(nce, dried and rubbed smooth, then written on by a clean quill or bone pen dipped in the ink. Pounce or Mordant. Sub- carbonate of soda 1 oz., water 8 oz. [A great variety of recipes might be given, slightly differing from the above in the proportion of the ingredients, and in the colouring matter. Gray directs 2 drs. of nitrate of silver, 6 drs. of water, and 2 of mucilage, and a pounce of 1 oz. of sub- carbonate of soda in 16 of water, with a little sap green. Another form is — nitrate of silver 1 oz., distilled water 5 oz., powdered gum 1^ oz., sap green sufficient to colour it. The linen to be first wetted with the following pre- paration : — Subcarbonate of soda 1 oz., water 6 oz., gum 1 oz. ; dissolve. Some add a little powdered bole to the prepai'ation ; the object in colouring it being merely that the part which has been wetted may be more readily distinguished. The quantity of nitrate of silver should not be much less than 100 grs. in an ounce of ink ; the jiroportion of the other ingredients is of less importance. Some direct the acUlition of a drop or two of nitric acid.] 5. Italian. Moisten the linen with a solution of re- cently prepared chloride of tin, and write with a neutral solution of salt of gold. MISCELLAIfEOrS PKEPAEATIONS — IXKS 389 Marking Ink, without Preparation. Tliese inks merely require to have a hot iron passed over the part written on, and to be held pretty near the fire till the writing assumes a dark colour. 1. Nitrate of silver 3 drs., water \\ oz. ; dissolve, and add as much strong liquid ammonia as will redissolve the precipitate formed by it ; add 2 drs. of mucilage, a little sap green, and water, if required, to make up the mea- sure to 2 oz. A little ivory-black, Indian ink, or indigo, is sometimes used to colour it. Some recipes contain nitrate of copper in addition to nitrate of silver. Several recipes might be given, but they will all probably be superseded by Mr. Redwood's. [In operating with am- monia and nitrate of silver, fulminating silver is some- times unexpectedly formed, and may pi'ove a source of danger. Perhaps in tliis respect, as well as others, Mr. Redwood's preparation claims a preference.] 2. Mr. Redwood's. Rub together 1 oz. nitrate of silver, and 1 oz. of bitartrate of potash; add 4 oz. of liquor ammonise, and when dissolved mix in 6 drs. of white sugar, 10 drs. of powdered gum arable, \ oz of archil, and water to make up 6 oz. by measure. [Instead of archil, i oz. of sap green may be used to colour the ink; or 40 grs. of fine vegetable black, previously tri- turated with a little water or mucilage.] 3. Rev. J. B. Reade's patent. This difPers from the last in using tartaric acid instead of bitartrate of potash. The quantities may be 1 oz. of nitrate of silver, 3 drs of tartaric acid, and the above quantities of the other ingre- dients. The use of tartaric acid he claims an exclusive right to. 4. Add to the last an ammoniacal solution of an oxide or salt of gold. — Reade. [This addition prevents its being acted on by cyanide of potassium, and some other agents which the silver ink fails to resist.] 5. Aniline Black, Marking Ink. The ink is prepared by means of two solutions, one of copper, the other of aniline, prepared as follows : (1.) Copper Solution. 8'52 grams of crystallized chlo- ride of copper, 10'65 grams of chlorate of soda, and 5"35 390 TEADE CaEMIdAtS grams of chloride of ammonium, are dissolved in 60 grams of water. (2.) Aniline Solution. 20 grams of hydrocliloratc of aniline are dissolved in 30 grams of distilled water, and to this are added 20 grams of solution of gum arable (1 part of gum to 2 of water), and 10 grams of glycerine. By mixing in the cold 4 parts of the aniline solution with 1 part of the copper solution, a greenish liquid is obtained, which can be employed directly for the marking ; but as this liquid can only be preserved for a few days without decomposition it is advisable to keep the solution separately, until the ink is required for use. The ink may be used either with a pen or a stencil jjlate and brush ; if it do not flow freely from the pen it may be diluted with a little water without fear of weakening the intensity of the colour. At first the writing apjiears of a pale green colour, but after exposure to the air it becomes black ; or it may be changed to a black colour immediately by pass- ing a hot iron over the back of the fabric, or heating it over the flame of a spirit lamp. As, however, a dry heat is apt to make the fibre saturated with the ink bi-ittle, it is preferable to hold the marked fabric over a vessel con- taining water in full ebullition ; the heat of the vapour is sufficient to determine almost immediately the reaction by which aniline black is formed. After the steaming the writing should bo washed in hot soapsuds, which gives the ink a fine blue shade. The ink is not acted on by acids or alkalies, and if care be taken that the fibres are well saturated with it, there is no danger of its being removed by washing. — -Dingler's Journal. 6. In addition to the alcove recipes, the following of M. Henry may deserve attention in large establishments where economy is an object : — Take 1 oz of iron filings •and 3 oz. of vinegar, or diluted acetic acid. Mix the filings with half the vinegar, and agitate them continually until the mixture becomes thick, then add the rest of the vinegar and 1 oz. of water. Apply heat to assist the action; and when the iron is dissolved, bed with the acid, or dissolved in a little spirit. After standing ing a few days, filter it, and preserve it in well-closed bottles. Lenses, Extemporaneous. Prociu-e a piece of thin pla- tinum wire, and twine it once or twice round a pin's point, so as to form a minute ring with a handle to it. Break up a piece of flint glass into fragments a little larger * Methylated spirit is now almost invariably used for this purpose. MTSCELLANEOTTS PREPARATIOITS 397 than 11 iimstaril seed ; place one of these pieces on the ring of wire, and hold it in the point of the flame of a candle or gas-light. The glass will melt and assume a complete lens-like or glohular form. Let it cool gradually, and keep it for mounting. Others are to be made in the same manner ; and if the operation be carefully conducted, but very few will be imperfect. The smaller the drop melted, the higher in general will be its magnifying power. It may be mounted by placing it between two pieces of brass which have corresponding circular holes cut in them of such a size as to hold the edge of the lens. They are then to be cemented together. — Fraxcis. Linseed Oil, Clarified, tor Varnishes.— Heat in a copper boiler 50 gallons of linseed oil to 280° F. ; add 2i lbs. of calcined white vitriol, and keep the oil at the above temperature for half an hour ; then remove it from the fire, and in 24 hours decant the clear oil, which should stand for a few weeks before it is used for varnish. Linseed Oil, Refined. (Wiles' Patent.) In 236 gallons of oil pour 6 lbs. of oil of vitriol, and stir them together for 3 hours ; then add 6 lbs. of fullers' earth, well mixed with 14 lbs. of hot lime, and stir for 3 hours. Put the oil into a copper boiler, with an equal quantity of water, and boil for 3 hours ; then extinguish the fire, and when the materials are cold draw off the water, and let the oil stand to settle for a few weeks before usmg. Liquorice, Purified Extract of. Italian or Spanish juice may be purified by the following method : — Take a sugar-mould, close the vent-hole with a stopper, place inside it some coarse tow, and over this some clean straw, laid crossways in layers of an inch each, then the sticks of liquorice placed upright, and packed closely in the mould with chopped straw cut rather long, \^^len this arrangement is completed to within an inch of the brim, pour water over the liquorice, allow it to remain for 24 hours, then draw it off, and add more. The liquor, on evaporation, yields an extract perfectly soluble in water. Litmus. A preparation of some kind of lichen, probably Lecanora iartarea, or Moccella tinctorea, or both. It is prepared by a process similar to that used for Archil ; but it is moistened by a mixture of Carbonates of Ammonia 398 TKADi; CHEMICALS and potash, or soda, the addition of the carbonates of ammo- nia, or of potash or soda, being essential to the develoi)ment of the blue colour. It is made up with chalk or plaster of Paris into small cakes for the market. See Tests. Lozenges. See Trochisci, Pocket Formulary, and Lozenges, under Patent Medicines, in this volume. Lubricating Compounds. See Anti-Attrition. The French compound term Liard is thus made : — Lito 50 parts of finest rape oil put 1 part of caoutchouc cut small, and apply lieat until it is nearly all dissolved. Mankettrtck's ' Lubricating Compound consists of caoutchouc (dissolved in spirit of turpentine) 4 lbs. common soda 10 lbs., glue 1 lb., oil 10 gallons, water 10 gallon.-?. Dissolve the soda and glue in the water by heat, then add the oil, and lastly the caoutchouc, stirring them until per- fectly incorporated. LuciFERS. See Matches, further on. Luminous Phials. Nearly fill a bottle with olive or almond oil, and heat it in a water-bath. Drop into it small slices of phosphorus so long as it is dissolved. Let the solution cool, and pour off the oil from the undissolved phosphorus into clean dry phials, whicli should not be quite filled. When uncorked they emit light. Lutes. See Cements, Manures, Artificial. These constitute a new and impor- tant branch of manufacture ; 1:)ut a few of the more simple and readily prepared kinds are all that can be noticed here. Powder for Coailng Seeds. Fine bone-dust 20 parts, gypsum 1 part. The seeds are steeped in water from the dunghill, then strewed over with the powder, so that each shall receive a layer of it. Tliey are afterwards dried. Suljihaled Bones. f>c'0 Bones, Suljjhated. A usual pro- portion is 33 of sulphuric acid to 1 cwt. of bones. Saline Mixture, as a top dressing for potatoes, &c. Equal weights of nitrate of soda and dry sulphate of soda, li cwt. to an acre. Mr. Huxtable's Mixture. Bone dust 4 cwt., gypsum 4 cwt., salt 2 cwt., ashes 2 quarters, wood ashes 30 l)usliels. Another Saline Mixture. Sulphate of ammonia 42 lbs.. MISCELLANEOUS PREPARATIONS 399 sulphate of lime 56 lbs., sulphate of potash 56 lbs., cai'bo- iiate of magnesia 14 lbs., salt 56 lbs., to 1 acre. Dr. Andeeson's Manure for Clover Suljihate of ammonia 98 lbs., gypsum 172 lbs., sulphate of potash 174 lbs., sulphate of soda 333 lbs., sulphate of magnesia 246 lbs., suli)hurie acid 98 lbs., salpetre 202 lbs., common salt 107 lbs., chloride of potassium 149 lbs. Dr. Johnstone's Substitute for Guano. Bone-dust 7 bushels, sulphate of ammonia 100 lbs, wood ashes 20 lbs., salt 100 lbs., dry sulphate of soda 11 lbs. To Promote the Blowing af Floivers. See page 355. Maeble, to Clean. Mix soft soap, solution of potash, and slaked lime, to a paste; spread it over the marble, and leave it for a day or two. Then wash it off. Maeble, to Stain. Make the marble hot, and pour on it the coloured liquid, also make hot. The stains usually employed are archil, solution of indigo, solution of ver- digris, decoction of Brazil wood, logwood, and sulphate of iron, tincture of dragons' blood, &c. But the most pene- trating medium is wax, which may be coloured with alkanet, auotto, verdigris, &c. Maeine Gltte. See Glue. Marine Soap. See Soap, Maeine, further on. Matches foe Instantaneofs Light. 1. Chlorate of Potash Matches (loithout sulphur). Chlorate of potash, separately powdered, 6 drs., vermilion 1 dr., lycopodiura 1 dr., fine flour 2 drs. ; mix carefully the chlorate with the flour and lyco- podium, avoiding much friction, then add the vermilion, and mix the whole with a nmcilage made ■ttith — 1 dr. powdered gum arable, 10 grs. of tragacanth, 2 drs. of flour, and 4 oz. of hot water ; mix, add s^ifficient water to bring it to a proper consistence, and dip in it the wood, pre- viously dipped in a solution of 1 oz. of giim thus, and \ oz. of camphor, in 6 oz. of oil of turpentine. 2. With Sulphur. Chlorate of jjotash 9 grs., sulphur 2 grs., sugar 3 grs., vermilion 1 gr., flour 2 grs., spirit of wine q. s. The chlorate of potash, &c., must be sepa- rately reduced to powder, and the whole mixed with as little friction as possible. The wood should be previously prepared as above, or with camphorated spirit. [These are ignited by dipping them in sulphuric acid, and iu- 400 TEADE CHEMICALS stantly witlidi'awing them. The acid should be absorbed by asbestos.] They are now become obsolete, having given place to — Lticifer Hatches. These contain phosphorus in a finely divided state, to which it is reduced by agitating it in some warm solution of gum or glue, then adding the other ingredients, so as to form a paste, into which the wood or card is dipped. It is said that urine and artificial urea \vx\G the jiroperty of readily dividing phosphorus when warmed and agitated together. The following are some of the published recipes : 1. Form 6 parts of glue into a smooth jelly, and rub with it 4 parts of phosphorus, at a temperature of 140° or 150° F. ; add 10 parts of nitre, 5 of red-ochre, and 2 of fine smalts. The matches are first dipped in melted wax to the depth of ^^th of an inch, first rubbing their ends on a hot iron plate. 2. Noiseless Congreves. Triturate 9 parts of phos- phorus with a solution of 16 parts of gum, and add 14 parts of nitre and 16 of vermilion. — Dr. Bcettgee. 3. Glue 6 parts, phosphorus 4, nitre 10, red lead 5, smalts 2 j the glue is soaked in water for 24 hours, then liquefied in a warm mortar, and the phosphorus added, taking care that the temperature is not above 167° F. 4. Glue 21, phosphorus 17, nitre 38, red lead 24 : pro- ceed as befoi'e. Fromethean Matches. These consist of a composition similar to that of the chlorate of potash matches, inclosed at the cud of a paper spill, with a minute glass bulb filled with oil of vitriol in the centre of the composition. When struck, the vessel of acid is broken, and kindles the match. Methylated Spirit. Spirit of wine mixed with 10 per cent, of rectified wood spirit is allowed to be sold under this name, free of the excise duty. It cannot be used for drinking purposes, or for the preparations of medicinal tinctures. It is extensively employed for burning in lamps, and for the preparation of polishes, varnishes, and lacquers. The law forbids methylated spirit, or any prepai'ation containing it to be used internally. MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEA-TIONS 401 Microscope, Formulae for various strBSTAucEs required IN THE WORKIXG OF. Heagenls. Dr. Beale's list. 1. Alcohol, of various strengths. 2. Ether, to dissolve oil-globules. 3. Nitric acid, 1 part of strong acid to 5 of water. 4. Sulphuric acid, 1 to 5. 5. Hydrochloric acid. 6. Acetic acid, glacial, and dilute (1 to 5). 7. Chromic acid, very dilute, — to harden tissues. 8. Solution of potash, saturated, and dilute (1 to 10). 9. Solution of soda, 25 grs. of fused soda in 1 oz. 10. Ammonia (1 part of the strongest solution to 3 of water). 11. Nitrate of baryta, a cold saturated solution of. 12. Nitrate of silver (120 grs. in 2 oz.). These two are tests for the mineral acids. 13. Oxalate of ammonia, in solution. Test for lime. 14. Solution of iodine saturated, i. e. 1 to 7000 water. Another solution is, 1 gr. of iodine, 3 of iodide of potas- sium, in 1 oz. of distilled water. Cements. 1. Brunswick Black. Boil together \ lb. of foreign asphaltum and 4i oz. of linseed oil (previously thickened with litharge), then mix to a proper consistence with oil of turpentine (about 1 pint). 2. Gold Size. Boil 25 parts of linseed oil with 1 of minium and ^ part of umber for 3 hours; pour off the clear fluid, and mix with equal parts of powdered white lead and yellow ochre, added in small successive portions. Then boil well the whole again, and pour off the clear fluid. It dries slowly but firmly. Both this and the last are dissolved by turpentine. 3. Ooadhy's Marine Ghte. Dissolve separately in coal naphtha equal parts of shell-lac and India rubber. Mix thoroughly with heat. 4. Sealing-wax Varnish. Dissolve the best sealing-wax in enough strong spirit of wine to reduce it to the proper consistence. This is brittle. 5. Canada Balsam. This dries spontaneously. Soiuiio-.ii of sheli-lae, gum, and various other cements, 26 40^ tRADE CSEMTCiLS and glues (which see), are employed by mieroscopic mani- pulators. Preservative Fluids. Canada Balsam, spirit and water glycerin, solution of gelatin, saturated solutions of alum, chloride of zinc, and chloride of calcium, are all used to preserve microscopic objects. The following formulae will be found useful : 1. Ooadby's Solution. Bay salt 4 oz., alum 2 oz., corrosive sublimate 4 grs., boiling water 4 pints : mix and filter. It may often be more diluted. 2. Tlnvaites' Fluid. Mix spirit of wine 1 oz., with creasote sufficient to saturate it ; rub up with chalk to form a thin paste, and mix gradually with water 16 oz. To this may be added an equal quantity of water saturated with camphor. 3. Simple Creasote Solution. Dissolve creasote 1 dr. in pyroligneous acid 1 dr., and mix gradually with cold water 1 pint. 4. Passini's Solution. For llood-glohules, nerves, and white tissues generally. Chloride of mercury 1 part, chloride of sodium 2 parts, glycerin 13 parts, distilled water 113 parts. Milk, Condensed. Cow's milk evaporated down in vacuo, and containing about one third its weight of svigar, when it is intended to be kept for any time. If required for early use, it contains no sugar. Gltcehine Jelly foe Microscopic Mounting. Soak any quantity of good clear gelatine in cold water for three or four hours. Pour off the superfluous water, and melt the gelatine at a gentle heat; when melted, filter through flannel, and to the filtrate add an equal quantity of Price's glycerine. The above forms a good firm jelly, requiring little trouble in securing the cover. — Ed. Pharm. JOITRN. Milk, Preserved (Bethel's Patent). The milk or cream is first scalded, and when cold, strongly charged with carbonic acid gas, by means of a soda-water machine. [Attempts have also been made to preserve milk by evaporating it to dryness ; but it is necessary to remove the cream in order to effect it.] Mineral, Chameleon. See Chameleon Mineral. MISCELLAifEOtS PEEPAEATIOJ«'S 4iD3 MbDEirixa, Clay pob. Knead up clay to the proper con- sistence with glycerine. — Baeeeswil. MoiREE Metallique. a method for ornamenting the sur- face of tin plate by acids. The plates are washed with an alkaline solntion, then in water, heated, and sponged or sprinkled with the acid solution. The a]ipcarance varies with the degree of heat and the nature and strength of the acids employed. The plates, after the application of the acids, are plunged into water slightly acidulated, dried, and covered with white or coloured varnishes. The follow- ing are some of the acid mixtures used : — Nitro-hydro- chloric acid, in different degrees of dilution ,• sulphuric acid, with 5 parts of water ; 1 part of sulphuric acid, 2 of hydrochloric acid, and 8 of water ; a strong solution of citric acid ; 1 part nitric acid, 2 sulphuric, and 18 of water. Solution of potash is also used. MoEDANTS. See Dyes, further back, MuLTTJM. A name given to a compoiuid of liquorice and quassia, improperly sold by druggists to brewers. NiTEATE OF Baetya. This may be made from the carbo- nate by dissolving it in dilute nitric acid, evaporating, and crystallizing; but more cheaply from the sulphate of baryta, by converting it mto a soluble sulphide by heat- ing it with charcoal, and decomposing the filtered solution with nitric acid. M. Weiss recommends mixing the pulverized sulijliate of baryta (" ca^s'k or heavy spar") with one eighth of charcoal and one fourth of flour, heating it in a covered crucible, pulverizing the product and forming it into balls, with one eighth of charcoal and a little water, and again heating them placed between layers of charcoal. Hot water extracts the sulphide, which crystallizes from the filtered solution. By decomposing this by nitric acid (avoiding the gas which escapes) the nitrate is obtained. The other salts of baryta are obtained in a similar manner. Nitrate of Silver. See Aegenti Nitras. P. P. It may be prepared from impure silver by the following process : — Dissolve the silver in nitric acid, add common salt till no more silver remains in solution. Wash the precipitate tlio- roughly; then add water and a very little hydrochloric acid, and introduce some pieces of zinc ,• let them rcmuin 404 TEADE CHEMICALS together 24 hours, stirring frequently. Remove the zinc, and wash the reduced silver thoroughly. Again dissolve it in nitric acid, diluted with 2 or 3 parts of water ; filter and evaporate, that it may crystallize. NliHATE OF Steo>"tian. This may be obtained from the n itive carbonate of strontian, or more cheaply from the native sulphate, by the processes employed for Nitrate of Baryta. Nitric and Niteo-htdeochloeic Acids. See Acids. NiTEiTE OF Potash. It is obtained mixed with a little nitre and potash by heating nitre to redness. To piirify the residuum, dissolve it in boiling water, set aside for 24 hours, pour off the liquid from the deposited nitre, neutra- lize the free alkali with acetic acid, and add twice its volume of alcohol. In a few hours more, nitrate crystallizes, and the liquid separates into two layers; the upper is alcoholic solution of acetate of potash, the lower is solution of nitrite of potash, which may be evaporated to dryness or kept in solution. Used as a test for iodine, with starch paste a7id hydrochloric acid. Coeenwinder passes nitrous acid gas, formed by acting on 1 part of starch with 10 of nitric acid, through a solution of caustic potash, sp. gr. 1'38, until it becomes acid; then adds a little caustic potash, so as to render it distinctly alkaline. NirRO-PEtrssiDE of Sodifm. To 213 parts of powdered ferro-prussiate of potash, in a porcelain basin, add 450 imrts of nitric acid of 1'42 density (or 337i parts at I'oO), adding all the acid at once, "\\nien dissolved, transfer to a bolt-head, and digest in a water-bath, until the solution preciijitates salts of protoxide of iron of a slate colour. Neutralize, when cold, with a cold solution of carbonate of soda ; then boil, and separate the precipitate, by filtration. Evaporate the liquid again, filter, and allow the nitrates of potash and soda to crystallize out. Evapo- rate the liquid again, and remove the prismatic crystals of nitro-prusside as they form. They may be dissolved in water and recrystallized by cooling. NOA'AEGENT. This is said to consist of a solution of freshly precipitated chloride of silver in hyposulphite of soda (or, according to the Pharmaceutical Journal, of oxide of silver in cyanide of potassium), mixed with prepared chalk. MISCELLAjS'EOUS peepaeations 405 Oils, Pueifi cation and Bleaching of. Fish and other fat oils are improved in smell and colour, b;^- passing hot air or steam through them. Dunn's method is to heat the oil by steam to 170^ or 200°, and force a current of air through it, under a chimney, till it is bleached and inivified. Me. Cameron's method of l)leac'hing palm oil is to keep it at 230° with continual agitation by passing into it high- pressure steam, through leiiden pipes of two inches diameter. Four tons of oil require 10 hours' steaming. Palm oil is also bleached by chloride of lime. Take from 7 to 14 lbs. of chloride of lime, triturate it in a mortar, adding gradually 12 times the quantity of water, so as to form a smooth cream. Liquefy 112 lbs. of palm oil, remove it from the fire, add the solution of chloride of lime, and stir well with a ■\\ooded stirrer. Allo^\• it to cool, and \\hen become solid, break into small fragments, and expose it to the air for 2 or 3 weeks. Then put into a cast-iron boiler lined with lead, and add sulphuric acid in equal weight to the chloride of lime, diluted with 20 parts of water. Boil with a mode- rate heat till the oil drops clear from the stirrer ; then let it cool. To remove the fetor from fish oils, treat them in the same way (except the exposing to the air), usmg only 1 lb. chloride of lime to 112 lbs. of oil. It does not remove the natui'al smell of the oil. Freshly bvuuit animal charcoal has some power in im- proving the colour and smell of most kmds of oil ; but its effects are limited. Calcined magnesia has been used to deprive oils of their rancidity. Mr. Geiseler finds that the addition of a few drops of nitric ether will prevent oils from becoming rancid. Mr. Watt's patented method of bleaching oil is by chromic acid. For palm oil it is thus used : — The oil is heated in a steam vessel, allowed to settle and cool down to 130° F., then remove into wooden vessels, taking care that no water or sediment accompany it. For a ton of palm oil, make a saturated solution of 25 lbs. of bichromate of potash ; add 8 lbs. of sulphuric acid, and 50 lbs. hydrochloric acid (or an equivalent quantity of salt and aulphurie acid) , Put the hydroeuloric acitl into the oil/ 406 TRADE CHEMICALS and let it be constantly stirred till it becomes of a ligbt- greeu colour. If not sufficiently decoloured, add more of the mixture. Let tlie oil settle for half an hour, then pump it into a wouden vat, boil it for a few minutes with fresh water by means of a steam-pipe, and let it settle. For linseed, rape, and mustard oil, a dilute solution of chromic acid is used, with a little hydrochloric acid ; for olive, almond, and castor oil, no hydrochloric acidis required. Fish oils and fats are first boiled in a steam apparatus with a weak soda ley (| lb. soda for 'every ton of fat) for half an hour ; then |- lb. sulphuric acid, diluted with 3 lbs. of water, is added ; the whole is boiled for 15 minutes, and allowed to settle for an hour or more, when the water and sediment are drawn off, and the oil further bleached by a solution of 4 lbs. of bichromate of potash and 2 lbs. of sulphuric acid properly diluted. Mr. Daa'Idsox treats whale oil first with a solution of tan, next with water and chloride of lime, and lastly with diluted sulphuric acid and warm water. Rape and other seed oils are also refined by means of sulphuric acid and twice as much water. Mr. Gray directs 2 lbs. of oil of vitriol to 112 lbs. of oil. The oil should be carefully washed from the acid, and filtered. Mr. Bancboft's process for refining common olive oil, lard, oil, &c., for lubricating purposes, is to agitate them with from 3J to 8 per cent, of caustic soda ley, of 1'2 specific gi'avity. If on trial a small quantity of the ley be found to settle clear at the bottom, enough has been added. The oil is allowed to rest for 24 hours, for the soapy matter to subside ; the supernatant oil is then fil- tered. Another plan of purifying oils (especially lamp oils) is to agitate them with a strong solution of common salt. The above methods of treating oil are of doubtful pro- priety in reference to such as are to be used as medicines. Oils which have been so carefully prepared from sound and fresh materials as to require no purification should be selected for this purpose. This is especially important in reference to cod-liver oil. See Linsked Oil. Oil por Machixery. Sperm oil, palm oil, and olive oil, are used. Care should be taken that they are not adul- MISCELLANEOUS PREPARATIONS 407 terated. For compound lubricants see Anti-attrition, and LUBRICATING Compounds. Oleine. This may be prepared by boiling fine olive oil with absolute alcohol, and evaporating the solution. Oxygenated Watee, oe Deutoxide, ok Peeoxide of Hdyeogen. Thenaed's oxygenated water is thus made: — Expose fragments of perfectly pure baryta to a current of to oxygen gas, in a grcon glass tube heated to a dull redness, form a deutoxide of barium. To 7 oz. of water add as much pure hydrochloric acid as will dissolve 4 drs. of baryta ; add to this by degrees, 3 drs. of pulverized deutoxide of barium, and when this is dissolved, add sulphuric acid, drop by drop, till the baryta falls down in the state of sul- phate. Then add more deutoxide, and precipitate by sul- phuric acid as before. Then filter the solution ; and repeat the solution and precipitation several times, till about 3 oz. of deutoxide of barium are used, filtering the liquid after every second repetition. Sulphate of silver is then added to remove the hydrochloric acid, and afterwards pure baryta, to throw down the sulphuric acid, and a few drops of diluted sulphuric acid to remove any excess of baryta. See Hydrogenii Peroxidum, Pock. Form. This energetic compound must not be conf onndcd with the oxygen water formed by imjjregnating water with oxygen gas ; nor with the oxygenous aerated water of Scarle, which is water strongly charged with i)rotoxide of nitrogen. Oxygen Gas. See Gases. Papee, Copying. Mix lard with black lead or lamp-black, into a stiff paste, rub it over writing paper with a flannel, and wipe off the superfluous quantity with a soft rag. These sheets alternated with writing paper and written on with a solid pen, produce 2 or 3 copies of a letter at once. Lithographic Paper. Give the paper 3 coats of thin size, 1 of starch, and 1 of solution of gamboge. Each to be applied with a sponge, and allowed to dry before the next is applied. HydroqrapMc Paper. This name has been given to paper which may be written on with M'ater. It niay be made by rubbing paper over with a mixture of finely-pow- dered galls and sulphate of iron heated till it becomes white. The powder niay be pressed into the paper by 408 TRADE CHEMICALS passing it between rollers or passing a heavy iron over it. A mixture of dried sulphate of iron and ferro-prussiate of potash may be used for blue writing. Or the paper may be imbued with a strong solution of one ingredient tho- roughly dried, and the other applied in powder. Paper which "has been wet with a solution of ferro-prussiate of potash also serves for writing on with a colourless solution of persulphate of iron. Iridescent Paper. Nut-galls 8 parts, sulphate of iron 5, sal ammoniac 1, sidphate of indigo 1, gum arabic ^th. To be boiled in water, and the paper washed with it and exposed to ammonia. Parchment Paper. Immerse blotting paper for a second or two in dilute sulphuric acid, then rinse repeatedly in several changes of water, and hang it up to dry. When dry, if it has a crumpled or ^^Tinkled appearance, this can be removed by wetting it, and straining it upon a glass plate, the edges being made to wrap over the plate. Photographic Paper. See Photogeapht, below. Tracing Paper. Paper well wetted with Canada balsam and camphine, and dried. Another kind is made with nut oil, and oil of turpentine ; the paper is moistened with it, and then rubbed with flour. A temporary tracing paper is made by moistening paper with pure alcohol ; it must be used while wet. Waxed Paper. Lay the paper on a clean hot iron plate, and rub it over with a piece of white wax inclosed in muslin. Oiled Paper as a substitute for oiled silk. Boiled lin- seed oil is reboiled with litharge, acetate of lead, sulphate of zinc, and burnt umber, an ounce of each to a gallon. The sheet of paper being laid on a square board, it is well covered with this mixture. The first sheet is covered on both sides, the second, placed on this, receives one coating, and so on to 20, or 50. Separate and hang up to dry. FlEEPEOOFiNG FOR Papee. Dip iu a strong solution of alum, and then dry it. Should the paper be extra thick, the same process may he repeated. Paper Paste. Boil white paper in water for 5 hours ; then pour off the water, and pound the pulp in a mortar ; pass it tln-ough a sieve, and mix with some gum water, or MISCELLANEOUS PEEPARATIONS 409 isinglass glue. It is used in modelling by artists and architects. Papier-Mache. a plastic material, formed of cuttings of white or bro-^\ni paper boiled in water, and beaten to a paste iit a mortar, and tlien mixed with a solution of gum aralnc in size, to give tenacity. It is variously manu- factured by being pressed into oiled moulds, afterwards dried, covered with a mixture of size and lamp-black, and varnished. Papyeine. Dip white unsized paper for § a minute in strong sulphuric acid, and afterwards in water containing a little nmnionia. When dried it has the toughness and appearance of parchment. See Vegetable Paechment. PAEAFFiXiS. Liquid and solid jjaraffins are obtained from the tarry product of the distillation of peat, brown coal, and Boghead shale ; by Young's process, in which Boghead coal is heated in tubes or retorts ; a crude oil is first ob- tained, which, after purification by redistillation, followed by subsequent treatment with sulphuric acid and exjiosure to the action of caustic soda, is submitted to the process of fractional distillation. The first elevation of temperature drives over the lighter and more volatile portions, which, when purified by another distillation, yield the fluid knowai as " paraffin naphtha," a product used as a suljstitute for turpentine and as a solvent for India rubber. At a much higher temperature the burning oil (the paraffin oil of commerce) comes over. It is a jjerfectly safe lamp-oil. The thii'd product in point of volatility is a compara- ti\ely heavy liquid, (machinery oil), and from this, and others which come over at a ^■ery high temperature, the fourth commercial product is separated by the action of artificial cold, and is the solid paraffin now so much used ni the manufacture of candles. Pastes. See Blacking Paste, Fuenitttee Paste, &c., further back. For flour pastes, see Cements. For al- mond paste, honey paste, and tooth pastes, see Cosmetics. Paste for Cleaning Brass, Sfe. 1. Rotten stone in very fine powder 2 oz., soft soap 1 oz., oil of amber 1 dr. 2. Neats'-foot oil 16 oz., water of ammonia 1 oz., pow- dered rotten stone sufficient to form a paste. 3. Fotten stone 4f lbs., oxalic acid (dissolved in the 410 TEADE CHEMICALS water) 2 oz., soft soap 8 oz., sweet oil 8 oz.; oil of amber 1 oz., boiling water 1 lb. Some substitute oil of turi^en- tine for oil of amber. Paste for Razors. 1. Emery very finely levigated in tbe same manner as prepared ebalk, mixed with lard or tallow ; or a mixture of these with neats'-foot oil. 2. Equal parts of jewellers' rouge, black lead, and pre- pared suet. 3. Peadiee's. Best putty powder 1 oz.,. jewellers' rouge 1 oz., scales of iron J oz., levigated Turkey stone 3 oz. beef suet 1| oz. 4. Mix equal parts of dried sulphate of iron and salt, and apply a gradvuilly increased heat in a closed vessel. Pul- verize, elutriate, and mix with lard or tallow. Pastilles, Aeo:.iatic. See Peefujieet. Payne's Peocess for eexdeeing Wood Fieepeoof. The wood is introduced into a close vessel, which is ex- hausted of air ; the liquid is then admitted, and forced in by the pump till the pressure is from 110 to 140 lbs. to the square inch. The liquids employed are the liquid sulphides of calcium, or of barium ; a solution of sulphate of iron is afterwards forced into the wood. Percussion Caps, Peiming for. 100 grs. of fulminating mercury are triturated, with a wooden nuiller on marble, with 30 grs. of water and 60 grs. of gunpowder. This is sufficient for 400 caps. Dr. Uee recommends a solution of gum mastic in turpentine as a medium for attaching the fulminate to the cap. Pharaoh's Serpents. The chemical toy sold under this name consists of the ])owder of sulphocyanide of mercury made up in a capsule of tin foil in a conical mass about an inch in height. Ignited at the apex, an ash is protruded, long and serpentine in shape. The fumes evolved are very poisonous. Pharaoh's Serpents, non-poisonous. Bichromate potass. 2 parts, nitrate potassa 1 part, and white sugar 3 parts ; pulverize each of the ingredients separately, and then mix them thoroughly. Make small paper cones of the desired size, and press the mixture into them. They are now ready for use, but must be ke])t from light and moisture. Phosphobesceni Oil. Dissolve 1 gr. of i)hosphorus iu 1 MISCELLANEOTIS PREPARATIONS 411 oz. of olive oil in a test tube by the beat of hot water, or add a larger quantity to some oil of lavender, in which it will dissolve spontaneously. Keep in a close phial. Phosphorus. See Pocket Formulary. Phosphorus Matches. See Lucifers. The old phos- phorus bottles mth sulphur matches were made by melting phosphorus with a fourth part of wax in the bottles placed in warm water, and turning them about so as to coat the sides. — Gray. Phosphorus Paste for Vermin. Introduce 1 dr. of phos- phorus into a Florence flask, and pour over it 1 oz. of rectified spirit. Immerse the flask in hot water, until the phosphorus is melted, then put a well-fitting cork into the mouth of the flask, and shake briskly until cold. The phosphorus is now reduced to a finely divided state. This after pouring off the spirit, is to be mixed in a mortar with 1 J oz. of lard. Five oz. of flour and 1| oz. of brown sugar, previously mixed together, are now added, and the whole made into a paste with a little water. Cheese may be substituted for sugar when the paste is intended for rats or mice. (There is said to be no danger whatever of spontaneous ignition, either during or after the preparation of this paste.) — Pharm Journ. Photography. In all English photographic formula; the solid and fluid measures of apothecaries' weight are used ; but in buying or selling chemical articles, the avoirdupois weight is employed. Positive Collodion. Pyroxilin and iodide of cadmium or ammonium 15 grs. of each ; ether 3J oz., alcohol IJ oz. Place the first in a dry bottle, then'pour on the alcohol, shake the mixture well, then add the ether, shake again, and let it stand for 12 hours. Decant the clear portion into a wide-mouthed bottle, keep well stoppered and in the dark. Avoid shaking the bottle when about to use the collodion, and never use quite all the bottle contains, as the sediment, which will accumulate at the bottom, would spoil the picture. Nitrate of Silver Bath {for positives). Recrystallized nitrate of silver 5 drms., dissolved in 10 oz. of distilled water. Filter the solution until it is quite clear, then add 3 drops of nitric acid and 10 drops of collodion. Shake 412 TEADE CHIiMICALS well together and filter. Blue litmus paper should slightly redden in this bath ; should it turn very red, add a little ammonia, or oxide of silver ; should it not redden at all, add a little acid carefully drop by drop. It is pre- ferable to have a slight excess of acid. Developing Solution {for positives). Protosulphate of iron 2 drms. dissolved in 8 oz. of distilled water, add 2^ drs. of glacial acetip acid, 2^ drs. of alcohol, and 5 minims of nitric acid. Filter, and pour into a well-stoppered bottle ; do not expose to the air. Fixing Solution {for positives). 50 grs. of cyanide of potassium dissolved in 5 oz. of distilled water ; that is to say, for every fluid ounce of solution required, mix 10 grs. of cyanide of potassium in 1 oz. of distilled water. Filter and keep in a well-stoppered bottle, and label " Poison." Positive Paper. Plain paper requires preparing or salt- ing before it is ready for use, or it may be purchased already salted. Procure some sheets of plain Saxe paper, and immerse them for five minutes (removing air-bubbles) in the fol- lowing solution. Chloride of ammonium .... 100 grs. Chloride of barium . . . . 100 grs. Citrate of soda ..... 20 grs. Water 20 oz. Hang the sheets np to dry. For portraits and most other iises the paper is albuminized on one side. When photo- graphs are printed to be afterwards coloured, unalbumi- nized paper is used. Albuminized Paper. There are several well-known papers sold ; Hive's, which is a French paper, has a high glaze and fine surface ; the Saxe, which is more miiform in its texture, is made in Germany. Another maker is Toiv- good. Positive paper is albuminized by placing it in a mixture composed of white of eggs and salt. To the white of each moderate sized egg use 15 grs. of common salt reduced to a fine powder ; whisk until the albumin is all white froth. Leave this froth in a glazed earthen pan for about 12 hours, by \\hich time most of it has set- tled into clear albumin ; pour the clear portion into a flat porcelain tray. This tray should be siomewhafe larger MISCELLANEOUS PREPAEATIONS 413 than the sheets of paper to be albuminized. Lift the paper np by the ends and lay it carefully on the albumin, keeping the side marked as "inferior" uppei-most and dry. The paper should be slightly damp before it is thus ti'eated, as it then takes the albumin more regularly, and is not so liable to air-bubbles. The paper must be "lifted at each end, and should any air-bubbles appear, brush them off with a card or small brush, replacing the paper in the bath. Wlierever the albumin does not come into actual contact with the paper, a white mark will appear in the print. Remove the paper from the bath and place it to dry on a cardboard frame, or suspend it at the corners by clips. Paper glazed with pure albumin acquires too brilliant a glaze for portraits ; the albumin may be diluted with from a i to | its bulk of water. It should be kept in tin or zinc cases. Plain Paper. Albuminized paper may be used as plain paper, if, instead of sensitizing the glazed side, the plain side is placed in the sensitizing solution. Plain Collodion. Mix in a bottle gun-cotton 450 grs., ether 25 oz. spirits of wine 7 oz. Shake these well together, and leave to settle for several days. If well corked, the mixture will keep for a long time. Sensitized Collodion. Add to 1 oz. of the plain collo- dion 6 drs. of spirits of wine, 1| oz. of ether, and 3 drs. of iodide and bromide solution. Shake the bottle well ; the mixture is then ready, but is improved by being kept 4 or 5 hours before using. In hot weather a little more alcoliol, and less ethei', in very cold weather more ether, and less alcohol, must be used. As sensitized collodion does not keep well, it is better not to mix the plahi collodion and the iodide and bromide solution until shortly before required for use. Iodide and Bromide Solution. Iodide cadmium 154 grs., bromide of cadmium 54 grs., spirits of wine S-J- oz. Rub the iodide and bromide to fine powder in a mortar, add the spirits of wine gradually, and when the iodide and bromide are dissolved, filter through paper into a bottle. This solution will keep weU in a closely-stoppered bottle. Iodized Collodion may be made at one operation. It should be kept two days befo^ using, but it is less 414 TEADE CHEMICALS reliable, if kept for any length of time, than sensitized collodion, which has been made as above described. It is made as follows. Place 16 grs. of gun-cotton in a bottle, add 18 grs. of iodide of cadmium, and 6 grs. of bromide of cadmium, in powder, and 1§ oz. spirits of wine, sp. gr. 0'805. Shake the bottle till the iodide and bromide are dissolved, then add 3 oz. ether, sp. gr. "720, and shake until the cotton is dissolved. After 24 hours decant the clear portion into small well-sto])pered bottles. Nitrate of Silver Bath, for Negatives. Recrystallized nitrate of silver ^ oz., distilled water 7 oz., collodion 7 drops. Shake well together until the crystals have dis- solved, then filter. The purity of the negative bath is a matter of great importance, hence the necessity of employing the very best nitrate of silver, and also of excluding all foreign matters of eveiy kind. "WTien the bath gets out of order, it should be diluted with an equal bulk of distilled water, and exposed to the sun for a few days, in a white glass bottle, then filtered, and sufiicient nitrate of silver added to restore the strength to 35 grains to an ounce, as indicated by the argentometer. The Argentometer. This instrument is for ascertaining the strength of the nitrate of silver solution, which becomes weakened to a certain extent, after the immersion of every plate. Developing Solution, for Negatives. Protosulphate of iron 75 grs., glacial acetic acid 2 drs., alcohol 2 drs., distilled water 5 oz. Dissolve the crystals in the water, then add the acid and alcohol, and filter. In hot weather a little more acetic acid may be added, and if it does not flow readily, the alcohol may be increased. Intensifying Solution, No. 1 (negatives). Pyi'ogallic acid 10 grs., citric acid 10 grs., distilled water 5 oz. When it becomes brown it is useless. No. 2. Recrystallized nitrate of silver 40 grs., distilled water 1 oz ; dissolve and filter. This latter will keep for any length of time in the dark. Another Intensifying Bath (negatives). A saturated solution of bichloride of mercury in water. Place the negative plate in a bath of the solution, remove when the MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS 415 film assumes a milky-white appearance, wash, and tlicn plunge into a solution of 1 oz. of liquid ammonia to 10 oz. of water. Eemove the plate, wash, and place to dry. This mode of intensifying may be regulated hy leaving the plate in the bichloride of mercury a shorter time, when it will require a weaker ammonia bath than that above given. Fixing Solution, for Negatives. Hyposulphite of soda, 5 oz., distilled water 5 oz. ; dissolve and filter. Sensitizing Solution, for Paper. Nitrate of silver 5 drs., distilled water 5 oz., nitric acid 2 drops, kaolin 1 oz. Dissolve the nitrate of silver in the water, and then add the acid and kaolin ; the kaolin will not dissolve, its use being to prevent the solution becoming discoloured after using. This solution will not require filtermg ; it must be allowed to become quite clear, and when required for use must be carefully decanted. This solution should be occasionally tested with the argentometer, and sufiicient nitrate of silver added to restore it to its original strength. Another Negative Collodion. Ether \ oz., gun-cotton 7 grs., bromide of cadmium \ gr., bromide of ammonium li grs., iodide of calcium 1 gr., iodide of potassium 1 gr., iodide of ammonium 1 gr. For intensifying, flood with chloride of gold 1 gr., water 15 oz., then wash, and flood with pyrogallic acid 2 grs., water 3 oz. Toning Baths. 1. Chloride of gold 4 grs., acetate of soda i oz., distilled water 10 oz. ; dissolve and filter. 2. To produce black to bright sepia tones, according to length of immersion. Take carbonate of soda sufiicient to cover a threepenny piece, dissolve it in a teaspoonful of cold water in a cup, add 2 grs. of chloride of gold, then add 3 oz. of boiling water ; use in 15 minutes. This will suit Hart's albuminized paper. Fixing Solution, for Paper Prints. Hyposulphite of soda 8 oz., distilled water 1 pint. This solution must only be used once. Stopping-out Negatives. Small, round, transparent spots are frequently found on glass negatives, which, if not stopped, occasion corresponding black spots on the print. Lay the plate on a slab of glass, having either direct or reflected lii,^ht shining up through it. Then cover the spots 416 TEADE CHEMICALS wltli a mixture composed of 10 parts of ivorj black, 2 parts of saturated solution of gum arable, 2 parts of white honey, 1 part of sugar-candy ; well mix and apply with a fine camel-hair brush. Should the spots on the negative be black or opaque, white spots mil be formed on the print ; these are easily tinted with a little water colour, to match the other portions of the print ; it is seldom necessary, therefore, to alter the negative on this ac- count. Ferrotypes. In these, instead of a glass plate being used to receive the picture, as in a positive glass photo- graph, a thin plate of black varnished iron is employed. Of course, no black backing is required ; with this excep- tion the photograph is produced in every particular, by the same means and in the same maimer as the glass positive is. To Clean Glass Plates. Mr. HrGHES. — The description of glass known as "flatted crown" is well suited for positives, but before using it requires careful cleaning. The sharp edges should be first removed \\'ith a "corundum" file, or by drawing the sharp edge of one piece over the sharp edge of another ; then place the glass on a clean flat surface, or put it in " a plate- cleaning holder," and pour a few drops of the plate-cleaning solution in the middle. Eub it carefully over every part with a bit of clean soft rag ; turn the glass over, and do the other side the same. Then j^olish each side v.ith a clean cloth, and finish with a soft chamois leather kept expressly for this pui'pose. Now, breathe on the glass, and if the breath deposits evenly the plate is clean. If the plate, however, shows patches and marks, it must be recleaned. Let the edges be carefully Anped, and the plate is ready for use. The following preparation makes a good plate-cleaning solution for glasses that require mechanical friction to make them clean : — Ordinary water 5 oz., alcohol 5 oz., iodide of potassium 15 grs., iodine 3 grs. When dissolved add tripoli, prepared chalk, whiting, or rotten-stone, in sufficient quantity to make a creamy paste. This thin pasty solution is to be rubbed on the plates on both surfaces and polished off as already described. This amount of cleaning will generally be sufficient for new MISCELLATfEOrS PREPARATIONS 417 glasses, but when they have been used they require more labour. Tliey must then be well washed under the tap, to get rid of all collodion and chemicals, and be wiped on cloths kept expressly for the purpose. Should the plates have been varnished they must be soaked for some hours in a saturated solution of washing soda till the varnish and film come freely off. The glasses must then ho immersed for a few minutes in a solution composed of common nitric acid 2 oz., water 10 oz., and be well washed and treated as already described. It is a good plan when working, to have a dish of water at hand, and to place the spoilt pictures in it at once while they are wet, and at the end of the day to wash the glasses and put th.em away clean. By thus not alloMing the films to dry on the glasses, they are much easier cleaned, and fewer failures will arise from dirty glasses. Collodion is a good material for cleaning glasses when they are not very dirty. Pour a few drops on the glass and well ml) it with a clean cloth, and you will entirely remove all grease ; a hint may thus be taken how to use up waste collodion. Various Solutions used in the Drji Process. These are employed in cases where bromo-iodized collodion and the nitrate batli are used. In all processes in which the bromo-iodized collodion is employed, two grains of bromide of cadmium should be adcled to each ounce of the collodion. Mr. Bartholomew advises diluted alcohol to be poured over the plate previous to developing. Acid JPt/ro Developer. This developer is formed as follows : Pyrogallic acid ... I gr. Glacial acetic acid . . .30 minims. Water 1 oz. The plate, after being wetted with dilute alcohol and washed, has this solution flowed over it, to which has been added 2 or 3 drops of a ten-grain nitrate of silver solution. Plain Pj/ro Developer. Tlie strength of this may vary from 1 to 5 grs. in an ounce of water. Two grains may be taken as a medium. The dry plate being flooded with 27 418 TRADE CHEMICALS alcoliol and water, and washed so as to well wet the film, this solution is floated over it. Alkaline Tyro Developer. No. 1. — Pyrogallic acid . . . '. 96 grs. Absolute alcohol . . . . 1 oz. No. 2. — Carbonate of ammonia . . 96 grs. Water 1 oz. No. 3. — Bromide of potassium . . 10 grs. "Water 1 oz. At the time of using make up the following solution : Water 1 oz. Solution No. 1 . . . .10 minims. Solution No. 3 . . . . 5 „ Pour this over the wetted plate, allow it to remain on a few seconds only, and then pour back into the developing cup, and add to it 5 minims of solution No. 2 and apply again. " The Collodio-Alhumen Dry Process. Mr. Mudd. — In this process the ordinary bromo-iodized collodion is em- ployed. The plate being sensitized, is washed well, first with distilled, then with common water, and placed in a dish half filled with solution of iodide of potassium (3 grs. to the ounce), and allowed to remain while the ne-d; plate is being prepared. It is then removed from the solution and well washed with clean water, after which the follow- ing solution is poured over its surface : Distilled water . . . .2^02. "Wliite of eggs . . . . 10 oz. Iodide of potassium . . .50 grs. Bromide of ammonium . . .10 grs. Strongest solution of ammonia . 120 minims. Introduce these materials with some pieces of broken glass into a bottle capable of holding twice the quantity, and agitate till the whole forms a froth, and then, wlicn settled, it is ready. A piece of camphor placed in the solu- tion will help to preserve it. It must be filtered before using. After the plate has been coated with the above, it is finished by drying before the fire. In this process all the above operations may be performed in ordinary white light. To render the plate sensitive, heat it as hot as the hand will bear, and when cool immerse MISCELLANEOUS PREPARATIONS 419 it again in the following aceto-nitrate of silver bath for one mmwte, tisinff only ayellow light, then wash thoroughly in clean water and dry in the dark : Nitrate of silver . . . .30 grs. Distilled water . . . . 1 oz. Glacial acetic acid . . . \ dram. The development may he commenced by either plain or alkaline pyro ; Mr. Mudd gives the preference to the plain, and intensifying after with acid silver. Dr. Ryley's Modified Collodio-Alhumen Dry Process. In this method the plate has to be sensitized as usual and washed thoroughly. Wlien the plate has been well drained, and while still wet, it is coated with the following solution : Albumen . , . . . 1 oz. Water . . . . . . 2 oz. Ammonia . . . . .30 minims. The solution is beaten to a froth, allowed to settle, and filtered before using. Pour sufficient over the i:)late to cover it, letting it flow backwards and forwards so as to soak into the film. Pour the albuminous solution away and thoroughly wash the plate, the last rinsmg being with distilled water. Let the plate dry; when perfectly dry moisten the plate with distilled water and pour over it the following solution : Gallic acid ..... 2 grs. Water . . . . . . 1 oz. Filter the solution before using. Pour it on and ofE the plate to well permeate the film, then set the plate up to drain, and dry without washing ofE the gallic acid solution. When the surface is dry finish by the heat of a dull fire. Bromide of Silver, Wet Process. To every ounce of good collodion add 8 grs. of bromide of cadmium. The nitrate bath must be made 80 grs. to the oz., and slightly acidulated with nitric acid. The plate must re- main in the bath the full time it requires to form a dense opaque film. When the plate is readj (it must not be removed from the bath until the film is much denser than in the ordinary wet process) it must be washed thoroughly to remove all silver. It must then have poured over it a 3 grs. solution of gelatin made slightly alkaline with carbonate of soda, or diluted albumen (albumen 1 oz., 420 TRADE CHEMICALS water 4 oz, well beaten together). When the plate is in this condition it may he exposed wet, or it may be allowed to dry. Prior to development it must be well washed, and the alkaline method must always be adopted. If the plates are used dry, a preliminary coating of dilute albu- men is necessary, but if used wet, this is not necessary. Bromide of Silver, Emulsion Process. By this method the nitrate bath is not necessary as the sensitive material is contained in the collodion. The purchase of the material ready made for working this process is recom- mended in preference to its direct manufacture, as its preparation demands the use of considerable technical skill, together with the employment of a gun cotton not usually attainable. Mr. Hughes says the " Liverpool Dry Plate Company " supply an excellent emulsion. It is only necessary to pour the emulsion on to a plate and to allow it to dry, when the plate is ready for use. The development is by the alkaline process. Gelatino-bromide of Silver, Emulsion Process. In this process, tlie use both of the nitrate bath and of collodion are abolished. The material employed is very troublesome to prepare, and on this account, as well as because of the risk of failure attending the use of the home-made article, it is far preferable it should be purchased. It may be obtained imder the name of "Kennett's Sensitized Pellicle." This pellicle consists of shreds of dry gelatine containing the sensitive salts. Fresh directions accompany each packet of the " Sensi- tized Pellicle." The Autotype Process. In this process the material employed consists of a layer of gelatin containing carbon, or some other permanent pigment spread on paper. In this condition the paper is not sensitive to light, but if it be treated with a solution of bichromate of potash, dried in the dark, and afterwards exposed to sunlight under a negative, those portions of the paper which have been acted upon by the light, will become insoluble, whilst those parts that have been protected from it, will be soluble. When, therefore, after sufficient exposure, the prepared paper is removed from the negative, a picture MISCEILANEOUS PEEPABATIO:H'S 421 the reverse of the negative will have been formed, in which the pigmented gelatine remains and performs the part of the reduced silver in the ordinary photograph. Photographic Varnish. See Varnishes. The reader desirous of further information on the subject of photography cannot do better than consult Mr. Ei'nest Spon's valuable manual, entitled ' Workshop Receipts and Mr. Hughes' ' Principles and Practice of Photo- graphy,' to both of which works we are largely indebted. Captain Abnet's work on ' Photography ' cannot be too highly commended. Photography. — Miscellaneous Recipes. To Clean Glass Plates. Mr. Mayall. Shake up to- gether, alcohol 30 parts, strong liquid ammonia 10, water 40, and fine tripoli 30 parts. The plates are to be rubbed hard and evenly with balls of cotton wool dipped in this mixture. Rub again, when dry, with a clean ball of cotton ; lastly, dust the back and edges mth a clean hog's- hair brush. To Clean off Collodion Pictures. This may be done, whether they have been varnished or not, by means of a tuft of cotton wool dipped in wood spirit. To Colour Photograjjhic Prints. This may be done variously in water and oils. A siinple way is to rub in slowly with a small camel-hair brush a minute piece of dry coloiu- laid upon the part, as of flesh tint for the face, &c. ^Vhen properly distributed, the paper may be breathed upon, and the tint will not easily be rubbed off. Or it may be carefully coated with gelatin. M. Minotto has described a plan of colouring on the back of [the paper. The picture, being held up to the light, is first faintly outlined, on the reverse side ; colours are then laid on, of water or oil, as preferred, on this side. 'WHien dry, the paper is rendered transparent by a varnish, and the colours will then appear through it with all the delicacy and effect of a miniature on ivory. Good strong writing paper is best for this purpose ; the colours must be vivid ; and the varnish may consist of Canada balsam dissolved in turpentine, or a mastic varnish may be used, or turpentine and wax, or oil. Pigments. A few of these have been noticed before ; see 422 TEADE CHEMICALS Indigo, Lakes, Prussian Blue, Pfrpie of Cassius. They generally constitute a distinct branch of manufacture, but a brief account of the composition of some of them may be useful. Those of which the colouring matter is derived from the animal and vegetable kingdoms will first be noticed ; then the mineral colours. Carmine. Several processes have been published for this beautiful jiigmeut, but probably some minute precau- tions, not generally known, may be necessary to the pro- duction of the finest q\;ality. The climate and state of the atmosphere are said to influence the result. 1. Madame Cenette's process. Into 6 pails of boiling, clear, soft water, in a copper vessel, throw 2 lbs. of powdered cochineal of good "quality ; boil for 2 hours, add 3 oz. of purified nitre, and, after a few minutes, 4 oz. of salt of sorrel. Eemove the vessel from the fire, let the contents settle for 4 hours, draw ofE the clear liquor with a syphon into flat jilates, and leave it at rest for 3 weeks. Carefully detach the pellicle of mould from the surface, withdraw the liquid with a syphon and pipette, and dry the deposit in a stove. 2. Boil 4 quarts of soft water in a pewter kettle, add to it 4 oz. of finely powdered cochineal ; boil for 5 minutes, adding 2 di's. of powdered cream of tartar ; then add 8 scruples of Koman alum, and keep the whole on the fire for a minute longer. Let the decoction settle, decant it into cylindrical glasses, and cover them. When the car- mine has subsided, pour off the clear liquor, and dry the sediment. By adding solution of tin to the liquid, more carmine is obtained. 3. Into a 14-gallon boiler of tinned copper, put 10 gal- lons of distilled water, or filtered rain water; when it boils, sprinkle in, by small quantities, 1 lb. of powdered cochineal, and keep it boiling for half an hour. Then add 3j oz. of crystallized carbonate of soda : in a minute or two, draw the fire, and add 1 j oz. of Roman alum in fine powder; stir with a glass rod till the alum is dissolved, leave it to settle for 25 minutes, draw off the liquor with a glass syphon, and strain the rest through a. coarse linen cloth. Clean the boiler, rctiirn into it the clear-coloured liquor, and stir into it the whites of 2 eggs, previously MISCELLANEOUS PEEPARATIONS 423 well beaten with a quart of Avann (not liiat) water. Then light the fire, and heat the liquor till it begins to boil ; separate the coagulum by filtration, wash it on the filter with distilled water, spread it thinly on earthen plates, and dry it in a stove, Inferior carmine may be improved by dissolving it in water of ammonia, and precipitating it iDy acetic acid and alcohol. Cochineal Lake. Add 2 lbs. of pearlash to the red liquor from which the carmine has been prepared in the last process, and return it to the boiler with the dregs of the cochineal ; boil for half an hour, di-aw the fire, and when the sediment has subsided, draw off the clear liquid into an earthern vessel. Pour on the sediment a solution of 1 lb. of pearlash in 2 gallons of water, and boil for half an hour. Filter, and return both liquors into the copper. ■ When as hot as the hand can bear, add to the liquor, by little and little, 3 lbs. of powdered Roman alum, and let it simmer for 5 minutes. Allow it to settle, draw off the clear liquor, collect the sediment on a filter, wash it witii clean rain-water, and leave it covered with a cloth for a few days, till half dry ; form it into small lumps, and dry them in a stove. Carthamine or Safflower Lake. Wash Saftlower till the water conies off colourless ; mix it with water holding 15 per cent, of carbonate of soda in solution, so as to form a thick paste ; leave it for several hours, tlien press out the red liquid, and nearly neutralize it with acetic acid. Then put cotton into it, and add successive small portions of acetic acid, so as to prevent the liquid be- coming alkaline. In 24 hours take out the cotton, wash it, and digest it for half an hour in water holding 5 per cent, of crystallized carbonate of soda in solution. Im- mediately on removing the cotton, supersaturate the liquid with citric acid, and collect the precipitate, which must be repeatedly washed in cold water. For pink saucers the liquor is allowed to deposit in the saucers. Mixed with the scrapings of French chalk it constitutes rouge. Lakes are also obtained from Brazil-wood and madder, by adding alum to a concentrated decoction of tlie f onucr, 424 TRADE CHEMlCALg or to a cold infusion of the latter (made by triturating tlie madder, inclosed in a bag, with the water), and after- wards sufficient carbonate of potash or soda to throw down the alumina in combination with the CDlouring matter. The precipitate is to be washed and dried. A little solution of tin added with the alum improves the colour. Lakes may be obtained from most vegetable colouring matters by means of alum and an alkaline car- bonate. Yellow Lake is made from French or Persian berries, by boiling them in water, with a little soda or potash, and adding alum to the strained liquor as long as a precipitate is thrown down. Or by boiling weld, or quercitron bark, in water, and adding alum and chalk in a pasty state. Rose Pink. Boil 6 lbs. of Brazil-wood and 2 lbs. of peachwood in water, with ^ lb. of alum ; and pour the strained decoction on 20 lbs. of sifted whiting. Bistre. It is obtained from the soot of beech-wood. Sap Oreen. The expressed juice of buckthorn-berries (and sometimes of other species of rhamnns, and also of privet berries) is allowed to settle, and the clear liquid evaporated to dryness. A little gum arable is sometimes added to the juice. The beautiful colours of the mative series ai'e prepared from coal tar by patented jirocesses. Mineral Pigments. Azure Blue, or Smalts. The com- mon is made by fusing zaffre (roasted cobalt ore calcined with siliceous sand) with potash. A finer quality is obtained by precipitating a solution of sulphate of cobalt by a solution of silicate of potash. Another cobalt blue is obtained by adding- a solution of phosphate of soda to a .solution of nitrate of cobalt, and mixing the precipitate, washed, but not dried, with eight times its weight of fresh hydrated alumina. When dry, heat it to a cherry red. Egi/ptian Azure. Carbonate of soda 16 oz.,' calcined Hints 24 oz., copper fillings 4 oz. Pulverise, mix, and fuse in a crucible for two hours. When cold, reduce to powder. Blue Verditer. It is generally stated to be made by adding chalk to a solution of nitrate of copper produced MlSCELLAKEOtlS PEEPARATIONS 425 m the process of refining silver; but Mr. Phillips did not succeed in making it by this means, and found no lime in the best samples. Neio Blue. Mix equal parts of common arsenite of copper (see Mineral Green, below), and neutral arsenite of potash, fuse by heat in a largo crucible, then add to the fused salt -^th of its weight of nitre. Effervescence takes place, and the salt becomes blue. Cool, pulverise, and wash. Chrome Yellow. To a solution of bichromate of potash add a solution of nitrate of lead as long as a precipitate forms. Wash the precipitate, and dry it with a gentle heat. An inferior kind is said to be made by 4 lbs. of pure white lead, 1 lb. of bichromate of potash, and 20 lbs. of water, and boiling till the water becomes colourless. Or 75 parts of precipitated sulphate of lead may be acted on by a hot solution of neutral chromate of potash 25 parts. A mixed product of chromate and sulphate of lead is thus obtained, which is said to cover as well_as the pure chrome yellow, and is much cheaper. (Riot). Chrome Bed. Melt saltpetre in a crucible heated to dull redness, and add chrome yellow, by small portions, till no more red fumes arise. Allow the mixture to settle, then pour off the melted salt from the heavy sediment, and wash the latter with water, which should be quickly poured off, and dry the pigment. The liquefied salt poured off contains chromate of potash, and is reserved for making chrome yellow. Orange Chrome is chrome yellow acted on by an alkali, which deprives it of part of the chromic acid. King's Yellow. This is a yellow sulphide of arsenic, now almost superseded by chrome yellow, but occasionally used for killing flies. Naples Yellow. Mix 12 parts of metallic antimony, 8 parts of red lead, and 4 of oxide of zinc, and calcine in a reverberatory furnace. The mixed oxides are rubbed together, fused, and the fused mass elutriated into a fine powder. — Dr. Uke. M. Guimel recommends 1 part of well-washed antimoniate of potash to be ground into a paste with 2 parts of red le.id, and the powder exposed to a red heat for 4 or 5 hours, keeping the heat moderate. '126 TEADE CHEMICALS Brighton Oreen. A.\\ inferior colour, made with 28 11)S. of wliiting, or white lead, 7 lbs. sulphate of copper, 3 lbs. sugar of lead, and i oz. of bichromate of potash. Brunswiclc Green. Pour a saturated sohition of chloride of ammonium over copper filings in a close vessel placed in a warm situation ; add more of the solution from time to time till three parts of the chloride liave been used to two of copper. After standing for a few weeks the pigment is separated from the unoxidized copper by washing tlirough a sieve. It is then to be well washed, and dried slowly in the shade. It is often reduced with white lead; some samples contain arsenic. Arsenical Copper Greens. Of these there are sever;il varieties. Mineral Green, Scheele's Green, or Arsenite of Copper. 1. Dissolve 11 oz. of white arsenic and 2 lbs. of carbonate of potash, by heat, in a gallon of water. Dissolve also 2 lbs . of sulphate of copper in 3 gallons of Avater. Filter each solution "separately, and add the former gradually to the latter as long as it occasions a precipitate. Wash the pre- cipitate, drain it, and dry it. 2. Dissolve 50 lbs. of sulphate of copper and 10 lbs. of lime in 20 gallons of good vinegar, and add quickly a boiling hot solution to 50 lbs. of white arsenic. Stir repeatedly, then allow it to settle ; decant the clear liquor (which is reserved to dissolve the arsenic next time), and wash the precipitate, and dry it. 3. Emerald Green. Mix 10 parts of pure verdigris with sufficient boiling water to form a soft pulp, and sti'ain this through a sieve. Dissolve 9 or 10 parts of white arsenic in 100 parts of boiling watei*, and whilst boiling, let the verdigris pulp be gradually added, constantly stirring the mixture till the precipitate becomes a heavy, granular powder. Green withoui Arsenic. Dissolve 48 lbs. of sulphate of copper, and 2 lbs. of bichromate of potash in water, and add to the clear solution, 2 lbs. of pearlash and 1 lb. of chalk. Rimnann's Green Pigment. Dissolve together in suffi- cient water 1 part of sulphate of cobalt and 3 of sulphate MISCELLAIS'EOUS PEEPARATIOXS 427 of zinc ; precipitate with carbonate of soda, wasli the pre- cipitate, and calcine it. Chrome Green. A mixture of chrome yellow and Prussian blue. [See also Chrome Oxide, further back.] Barth'sGreen . A mixture of Prussian blue and yellow lake. Ultramarine, Factitious. Take 70 parts of silica, or pure siliceous sand, in fine powder ; 240 parts of recrys- tallized alum, calcuied ; 144 parts of sulphur ; 48 parts of finely powdered charcoal ; 240 parts of dry carbonate of soda. These are mixed together with the greatest care till the mixture appears of uniform colour under a powerful magnifier, and the mLxture exposed to a moderate red heat in a closely covered crucible for an hour and a half. Wash the product with boihng water, Mix the powder with its own weight of sulphur and 1^ its weight of dried car- bonate of soda, and burn as before ; heat it again with sulphur and carbonate of soda, and wash it till the filtered fluid no longer colours acetate of lead. If a sample of the dried powder becomes blue when burnt with sulphur, it is ready for the last operation. Spread over a cast-iron plate a layer of sulphur a line in thickness, and over it an equal layer of the dried powder after having passed it through a gauze sieve. Heat the plate so as to burn away the sul- phur at the lowest possible temperature. Reduce the pig- ment to powder, and repeat the burning with sulphur and pulverization till the colour is perfect. White Lead is carbonate of lead p-epared by various processes. Zinc White is oxide of zinc, prepared by com- bustion. Oxychloride of Zinc is also used. Antimony White is oxide of antimony. Pink Saucers. See Red Dyes, further back. Plates, Dagteereottpe, are prepared by cleaning and polishing the silver surface, exposing it to the vapour of dry iodine, or tincture of iodine, or iodide of bromine, or bromide of calcium. After havhig the image thrown on them, they are exposed to the vapour of mercury. But the manipulations and precautious necessary to the success of the operation, are too mimci'ous to detail lierc. Plate-Boiling Powder. Equal parts of cream of tartar, alum, and common salt. A small quantity added to the water m which plate is boiled gives it a silvery whiteness. 428 tEADE CHEMICALS Plate Powdebs. 1. Jewellers Eoiige. Dissolve green vitriol in hot water, and add a solution of pearlash as long as it throws down a precipitate. Wash the precipitate repeatedly with warm water, drain it on calico, and finally calcine it till it assumes a bright colour. It is sometimes made by calcining the sulphate of iron with a strong heat, till oxide of iron only remains. Let it be triturated with water, and prepared in the same way as prepared chalk. See Polishing Potvdee, further on. 2. French Plate Fowder. Mix one part of jewellers' rouge with 12 of carbonate of magnesia. 3. Finely prepared chalk, or burnt hartshorn. One way in which these are used is to boil them with water, with pieces of rag; the finer particles are entangled in the fibres of the rags, which are dried and kept for use. 4. Quicksilver with chalk 1 oz., prepared hartsuoni 8 oz., prepared chalk 4 oz. Powders containing quicksilver, besides the necessary wearing of the surface, are supposed to render the plate more brittle. If used the quicklime should not be in larger proportion than the above. 5. Finest putty powder 1 oz., levigated chalk 5 oz. ; a little rouge may be added to colour it. See NovAEGENT, Silveeixg Powdee, &c., for restoring the silver to plated goods. Platixa, Black (OxiPHOBors). Dissolve protochloride of platinum in a boiling solution of potash, add alcohol in small portions till effervescence ceases. Boil the black precipitate successively with alcohol, hydrochloric acid, and potash, and finally 4 or 5 times with water. Platinated Asbestos. Dip asbestos in a solution of chloride of platinum, and heat it to redness. It causes the inflammation of hydrogen in the same manner as sponge platina. — Dr. Habe. Platinized Siltee. Silver plates for Smee's voltaic bat- tery are covered witli pulverulent platinum by adding a little bichloride of platinum to acid water, and decompos- ing the solution by the use of a platinum terminal in con- nexion with the copper of a battery, the silver plate to be platinized being in connexion with the zinc. Platinum itself is sometimes platinized in the same way. Some- MISCELLANEOUS PBEPAEATIONS 429 times the plates are "platinized witliout tlie battery. The following solution is used by Dr. Wright for the plates of his battery : — Saturated solution of chloride of platinum J drachm, sulphuric acid li drachm, water 2 drachms. Dip tlie plates in it for a few seconds, and wash tliem quickly. Platinum, Chlorides of. Dissolve platinum in uitro-liy- drochloric acid, and evaporate with a gentle heat to dry- ness. The red bichloride remains. Heated to 450°, the protochloride remains. Platinum Sponge. Dissolve separately in rectified spirit, chloride of platinum and sal ammoniac. Mix the solutions, and heat the precipitate to redness. For balls for hydrogen lamps, form the precipitate into balls while moist, and afterwards burn them. Poison. See Beetle Wafer, Bug Poisons, Rat Poison ; Phosphorus Paste, Blights, Remedies for, &c. Polish. See French Polish. Polish for Boots, &c. See Blacking. Polishing Powder for Specula. Lord Ross. Precipitate a dilute solution of sulphate of iron by ammonia in excess ; wash the precipitate, press it in a screw press till nearly dry ; then expose it to heat until it appears of a dull red colour in the dark. Pot Pourri. See Perfumery. Potash, Carbonate of. Salt of Tartar. Subcarhonate of potash. See Potassa) Carbonas, and Potassse Carbonas puruiu. Pocket Formvilary. Potash Chlorate. See Chlorate of Potash. Potato Disease, Rhmedies for. The following are some of the more recent propositions for the prevention of this terrible and well-known plant epidemic : 1. Some direct that the haulms and leaves should be entirely removed as soon as the least symptom of disease shows itself in them. The roots may grow on to full size without becoming affected. 2. The Chevalier Claussen's Cure. The iwtatoes, before planting, are wet with water acidulated with sul- phuric acid (1 part to 500), and, before they are dry, powdered sulphate of lime is thrown over them. This plan has been found a very efficient one. 3. Mr. T. Herapath's Plan. The roots, before planting, 430 TEADE CHEMICALS are allowed to become dry, and then dipped for a short time in a ■weak solution of sulphate of copper. The land is dressed with a mineral composition (2 parts of lime to 1 of salt) instead of farmj-ard manure. This process also has been attended with considerable success. Pounce. Powdered gum juniper is used under this name, for preparing- parchment for ^vriting on. For liquid pounce, see Ink, Maeking. PouDEE CiAEiFiANTE. Beat together the whites and yolks of eggs, dry them with a very gentle heat, and reduce to powder. For clarifying wines and syrups. PowDEES. See Tooth Powdees, and Haie Powders, under Cosmetics ; Scent Powdees, under Perfumeey, &c. Preseeyative Liquids. See Anatomical Subjects, and Animal Substances, to Peeseeve. Peussiate OF PoTAsn (Yellow).. Wlxat is known in com- merce by this name is the ferro-prussiate of potash, or ferrocyanide of potassium. It is prepared by fusing in an egg-shaped iron pot a mixture of 2 parts of pearlash and 5 parts of dry animal matters, such as horns, hoofs, tallow- chandler's greaves, &c., till fetid vapours cease to be pro- duced. Iron filings are sometimes added, but usually the iron necessary to the formation of this salt is derived from the iron pots and stirrers. The fused mass {prussiate cake) is allo\\-ed to cool, dissolved in warm water, and the clear filtei'cd or decanted solution evaporated, that crystals may form. These are dissolved in hot water, and the solution allowed to cool very slowly, that large crystals may form. Red Peussiate of Potash. Ferrid-cyanide of Potassium. Ferricyanide of Pofassium. Into a dilute solution of the above prussiate of potash, a current of chlorine gas is passed, till the solution ceases to give a blue precipitate with persalts of iron. It is then evaporated, crystallized, and recrystallized till quite pure. [M. Posselt advises to add a few drops of solution of i)otash to the boiling liquoi', to decompose the green matter that is formed ; to filter the hot solution, to separate some peroxide of iron wjiich is thrown down, and to let the liquor cool very slowly.] Or, boil yellow prussiate of potash with 12 or 15 parts of water, and while boiling add good chloride of lime until a filtered sample no longer yields a blue precipitate with MISCELLANEOUS PREPAEATIONS 431 ]icrsalts of iron. Filter quickly, and add carbonate of potash till the liquid has a faintly alkaline reaction, then evaporate for crystallization. — Chemist, vol. viii. PriUssiAN Blue. Berlin Blue. Perciianide,ferrocyanide, or ferro-prnssiate of iron. Commercial Prussian blue is made by adding to a solution of prussiato of potash, or of prussiato cake, a solution of 2 parts of alum and 1 of sul- phate of iron, washing the precipitate repeatedly with water to which a little hydrochloric acid has been added, and exposing it to the air till it assumes a deep colour. A purer kind is made by adding a solution of persulphate or perchloride of iron to a solution of pure ferro-prussiate of potash. Tuenbull's Prussian blue (ferrid-cyanide of iron) is made by adding a solution of red prussiate of potash to one of proto-sulphate of iron ; or by adding proto-sulphate of iron to a mixtiu'e of yellow prussiate of potash, chloride of soda, and hydrochloric acid. Soluble Prussian Bll'e. Add a solution of proto-sulijhate of iron to a solution of prussiate of potash, and expose the precipitate to the air till it becomes blue, and wash it till the soluble salts are washed away. By coutimiiug the washing, the blue itself dissolves, forming a deep blue solution, which may be evaporated without decomposition. Or add a solution of persulphate of iron to a solution of ferro-prussiate of potash, keeping the latter in excess ; wash the precipitate until it begins to dissolve, and dry it. See Ink, Eeade's Patent Blue, for another method. Purple of Cassius. See Aurum Stanno paratum. Pocket Formulary. Many other processes have been proposed, of which the following is one : — Dissolve 3 grs. of gold in aqua regia, avoiding excess, and dilute with 3 oz. of water. Mix 30 grs. of pink salt (the bichloride of tin with sal- ammoniac) with3| grs. of tin filings and 2 drs. of water till the tin is almost entirely dissolved : add 7 drs. of water, and add this solution to the gold solution, slightly warmed. Wash tLo precipitate, and dry it. Pyroligneous Acid, ~\ By the destructive distillation Pi'UOXYLic Spirit, > of dried wood, chietiy that of Pi'ROACETic Spirit, &c. ) the beech ancl birch", in iron cylinders, an acid liquor and tar arc produced. These are 432 TRADE CHEMICALS received in proper reservoirs, and are afterwards separated. The tar is subjected to distillation, and yields oil of tar (containing creasote, eupiou, &c.)) and leaves a residiuni of pitch, or Enfflish asphalt. The acid liquor, separated from the tarry deposit, is also distilled : the first portion which comes over contains the pyroxlic spirit, which is rectified by one or more distillations. It may be further purified by distilling it with dried chloride of calcium, and finally with quicklime. This constitutes one of the articles sold under the name of naphtha, and is regai'ded by chemists as a hydrated oxide of methyle. After the pyroxylic spirit has come over, the crude pyroligneous acid distils, which still holds some tar and empyreumatic oil in solution. It is purified by saturating it either directly with common soda, or first with lime, or rather chalk, and when the neutral solution has become clear, evaporating it to l'I14 sp. gr., and adding suflicient saturated solution of sulphate of soda to decompose the impiu'e acetate of lime. The clear solution obtained by either process is then evaporated, that the acetate of soda may crystallize. This is afterwards roasted at a temperature of about 500° Fahrenheit, to destroy the tar, and again dissolved and crystallized. The purified acetate is then distilled with sulphuric acid. See Acidum Aceticum, Pocket Formulary. For some manufacturing purposes, an impure acid is ob- tained by merely saturating the crude pyroligneous acid with lime, evaporating to dryness, and distilling with sulphuric acid. If acetate of lime or acetate of lead be distilled without addition, and the liquid which comes over be rectified over lime, pyroacetic spirit is obtained : this is also termed acetone. PrEOPHORTTS. This name is given to several compounds, prepared by calcination, which take fire when exposed to the air, especially when breathed upon. The following are perhaps some of the best : 1. Heat tartrate of lead in a tube of hard glass, and securely close the tube before the charred residium be- comes cold. A little poured out and breathed upon takes fire. The tartrate of lead is made by dissolving separately 2 drs. of tartaric acid and 5 drs. of crystallized acetate of MISCBLIANEOUS PEEPAllATlONS 43^ lead in sufficient water, mixing the solutions, and collect- ing, washing, and drying the precipitate. 2. Calcine tartar emetic in a similar mamier, of in a closed crucihle. 3. Mix 11 parts o£ lamp-black with 2 of powdered sul- pliate of potash, and heat the mixture strongly in a closely covered crucible. The product is so combustible that it can scarcely be transferred to a bottle without danger. 4. Mix 3 parts of powdered alum with 1 of flour, and calcine the mixture in a common phial coated mth clay or placed in sand, till it ceases to emit a blue flame. Be- fore it is cold, close it securely with a sound cork or glass stopper. 5. Mix neutral chromate of lead with l-6th its weight of sulphur ; triturate them with water sufficient to form a paste, and make it into pellets ; dry these perfectly, then heat them in a tube till the sulphur is all driven off, and secure as the last. Rat and Mice Poisons. [Such as contain arsenic are placed first, and afterwards several compounds which have been introduced as substitutes for that mineral, which has proved so destructive of hmnan life. According to a recent Act of Parliament, this dangerous compound can only be purchased in wholesale quantities. Among other precau- tions taken to prevent accident, it is provided that it be mixed with colouring matters, such as soot and indigo, in order to prevent its being taken by mistake, or to ensure detection if designedly administered.] Arsenical Paste. 1. (Authorised hy the Government of France^ Melt 2 lbs. of suet in an earthen vessel over a slow fire, and add 2 lbs. of wheat flour, 3 oz. of levigated white arsenic, 2,\ drs. of lamp black, 15 drops of oil of aniseed. It may be used alone, or mixed with bread crumbs, &c. \For destroying rats and mice.^ 2. For barnfloors. Mix a pint of good flour with as much yellow arsenic as will lie on a shilling ; put this in a small heap on the floor, and over this put another pint of good flour unmixed. Draw a track up to the heap with a feather dipped in oil of aniseed and oil of caraways, and sprinkle this over with a little flour.* * The following is an old rat-catcher'a receipt for oils to attract rats :— 28 434 TRADE CHEMICALS 3. Mix a quart of the best oatmeal, 2 oz. of powdered loaf sugar, 6 drops each of the oils of rhodium, caraway, aud auiseed, aud i gr. Musk. Mix them very perfectly without touching the mixture with the hands. Place in a retired spot 6 or 8 pieces of clean board, and on each, two tablespoonfuls of the powder, for a few successive nights, without disturbing the rats. About the sixth uight, if they are found to eat freely, mix a teaspoonfid of white arsenic with the powder. What remains in the morning should be burnt, avoiding the fumes. — The Chemist, vol. vi. 4. White arsenic 2 oz., carbonate of baryta 2 oz., white sugar 3f oz., rose pink i oz., oil of aniseed and oil of rhodium, of each 5 drops. 5. Malt flour 1 lb., oil of rhodium 3 drops, sugar 2 oz., 8 cloves, a tablespoouful of caraway seeds, all beaten in a mortar. Lay it in small parcels where they frequent, for 3 or 4 nights, till they eat freely, then add some arsenic dissolved in spirits of salts. — Mayee. 6. Ointment for Rats in Hicks. Mix together 1 lb. of fresh butter, free from salt, 1^ oz. of calomel, 8 oz. of crumbs of white bread, 2 oz. of sugar, 5 drops each of oils of nutmeg and rhodium, and 2 di'ops of oil of ani- seed. To use it, make a hole with the arm under the ridge ; into this hole insert a stick, and on the middle of it, where it does not touch the rick, put a lump of the ointment. For Traps. Put the same with 2 or 3 drops of oil of thyme. 7. Hampshire Millers' Rat Poivder. Mix 1 oz. of nux vomica in powder with a pound of fresh oatmeal, aud add a few drops of oil of rhodium, or, what answers better, oil of aniseed with musk. 8. Philanthrope Muophohon. A French preparation so called, consists of 1 part of emetic tartar to 4 of farinaceous and other ingredients. 9. Put into a flask 2 drs. of phosphorus and 5 or 6 oz. of water, put the flask in warm water (about 150° Fah- renheit) till the phosphorus is liquefied ; pour the contents Two drs. of oil of auiseed, 2 drops of nitrous acid, aud 2 grs. of musk. Oil of iliodium is also supposed to be very attractive to these vermin. Assa- foetidu with these oils is sometimes used. MISCELLANEOUS PREPAEATIOIfS 435 into a mortar, and immediately add 5 or 6 oz. of rye- meal ; when cool, add the same quantity of melted fresh butter, and 4 oz. of sugar. 10. Another form of the phosphorus compound is : — Melt 1 lb. of lard in a bottle plunged into water, and heated to 150° Fahrenheit. Introduce into it i oz. of phosphorus and add a pint of proof spirit. Cork the bottle securely after its contents have been heated from 140' to 150°, and taking it out of the water bath, agitate it briskly till the phosphorus is uniformly diffused ; repeat the agita- tion occasionally as it cools, and, when cold, pour off the spirit which has separated (which may be reserved for the same purpose), and incorporate with the fatty compound wheat flour and sugar. Oil of rhodium or aniseed may be added. Place little lumps of this in the rat-holes, and set some water near for them to drink. For a third receipt, see Phosphorus Paste foe Vee3j:i>'', further back. 11. Valentia almonds 1 oz., treacle 2 oz., carbonate of baryta 1 oz., oil of aniseed 5 drops, flour enough to form a paste. 12. Powdered sqiull i oz., strong cheese 2 oz. Mix and form into balls. For Mice. 13. Pulp of squills made into a paste with flour and dried, has been used as a poison for rats in France. Rennet. The stomach of a calf, washed, salted, and dried. Rennet Liquid. Essence of Rennet. Fresh rennet 12 oz., salt 2 oz., proof spirit 2 oz., white wine a quart ; digest for 24 hours and strain. A quart of milk requires 2 or 3 teaspoonfuls. Wislin directs, 10 parts of a calf's stomach, salt 3 parts. The membrane of the stomach is to be cut with scissors, and kneaded with the salt and with the reanet found in the iftiterior of that organ ; the whole left in a cool place in an earthen pot till the cheesy odour is replaced by the proper odour of rennet, which will be in 1 or 2 months. Then add 16 parts of water and 1 of spirit. Filter and colour with burnt sugar. Rust, to Prevent and Remove. Steel goods are rubbed over with a mixture of lime and oil, to jireserve them from rusting. Mercurial ointment has been recommended for the same purpose. M. Payen reconnnends iilungiug the articles into a sohition of common soda. Spots of rust arc 436 TRADE CHEMICALS removed by rubbing them with very fine emery and sweet oil ; as a cliemical means of rcmo\ing them, the ammoniacal chloride of zinc may be found useful. See Zinc. To re- move rust-spots from linen, oxalic acid or binoxalate of potash is commonly used. Runge recounnends prussiate of potash. Dissolve a little in water, and just acidulate with sulphuric acid. The stained linen macerated m this water turns blue. Its whiteness is now restored by a solu- tion of carbonate of potash. Saxon Bltje. See Chemic Blue. The solution of indigo in sulphuric acid, diluted with twice its weight of water, is so termed. ScOTJEING DeOPS FOR REMOVING GeEASE. 1. Alcohol (pure) 6 oz., camphor 2 oz., rectified essence of lemon 8 oz. 2. Camphine 3 oz., essence of lemon 1 oz. ; mix. Some direct th(?m to be distilled together. 3. French. Camphine 8 oz., pure alcohol 1 oz., sulphuric ether 1 oz., essence of lemon 1 dr. 4. Spirit of wine a pint, white soap 3 oz., ox-gall 3 oz., essence of lemon i oz. Sealing-wax. 1. Blue. Shell-lac 2 parts, dammar resin, 2 parts, Bergundy pitch 1 part, Venice turpentine 1 part, artificial ultramarine 3 parts. 2. Light Hue. As the last, with 1 part of dry sulphate of lead. 3. DarJc Blue. Venice turpentine 3 oz., finest shell-lac 7 oz., clear amber or black resin 1 oz., Prussian blue 1 oz., carbonate of Magnesia 1^ drs. The last two to be made into a stiff paste with oil of turpentine, and added to the melted shell-lac and Venice turpentine. Black. 1. Venice turpentine 4^ oz., shell-lac 9 oz., colophony \ oz., lamp black mixed to a paste with oil of turpentine q. s. 2. Inferior. Venice turpentme 4 oz., shell-lac 8 oz., 3 oz. of colophony, and sufficient lamp black mixed with oil of turpentine to colour it. 3. Shell-lac 8 oz., Venice turpentine 4 oz., lamp black 6oz. 4. Common, for bottles. Resin 6 oz. ; shell-lac 2 oz., Venice tarjieutine 2 oz., lamp black q. s. MISCELLANEOUS PREPAKATIONS 437 Brown. 1. Light Brown. Venice turpentine 4 oz., sliell-lac 7h o/., brown earth (English umber ?) ^ oz., cin- nabar ^ 07.., prepared chalk ^ o?;., carbonate of magnesia moistened with oil of turpentine 1^ drs. 2. Light Brown — Second quality. Venice turpentine 4 oz., shell-lac 7 oz., resin 3 oz., English umber 3 oz., cinnabar 5 oz., prepared chalk 1 oz., magnesia as the last. 3. Dark Brown. Venice turpentine 4 oz., fine shell-lac 7^ oz., English umber Ij oz., magnesia as before. 4. Dark Broivn — Second quality. Venice turpentine 4 oz., shell-lac 7 oz., colophony 3 oz., English umber 1^ oz., magnesia as before. Green. Venice turpentine 2 oz., shell-lac 4 oz., colo- phony, I5 oz.. King's yellow i oz., Prussian blue \ oz., magnesia as for bro\^'n. ' Gold. 1. Venice turpentine 4 oz., fine shell-lac 8 oz., leaf-gold 14 sheets, bronze powder -J- oz., magnesia (made into a paste with oil of turpentine) 1^ drs. 2. Use gold talc instead of gold leaf and bronze. — Gray. Btarhled. Melt each coloured wax separately, and just as they begin to grow solid, mix together. — Geay. Bed. 1. Fine Carmine Wax. Venice turpentine 2 oz., finest shell-lac 4 oz., colophony 1 oz., Chinese vermilion 1^ oz., magnesia (moistened with oil of turpentine) 1|^ drs. 2. Finest Red. Venice turpentine 4 oz., shell-lac 7 oz., cinnabar 4 oz., carbonate of magnesia (with oil of turpen- tine) IJ drs. 3. As the last, with only 3^ oz. of cinnabar. 4. Venice turpentine 4 oz., shell-lac Q\ oz., colophony i oz., cinnabar 2^ oz., magnesia (with oil of turpentine) 1^ drs. 5. Venice turpentine 4 oz., sbell-lac 6 oz., colophony ^ oz., cinnabar Ij oz., magnesia as before. 6. As the last, but use colophony and cinnabar each It oz, 7. Venice turpentine 4 oz., shell-lac 5j oz., colophony IJ oz., cinnabar 1^ oz., magnesia as before. 8. English. Venice turpentine 2 oz., shell-lac 4 oz., vermilion 1 oz. 438 TRADE CHEMICALS 9. SpanisJi. Venice turpentine 8 oz., shell-lac 2 oz., colophony 4 oz., vermilion 1 oz. Remove from the fire, and add ^ oz. of rectified spirit. Yelloiv. Venice turpentine 2 oz., shell-lac 4 oz., colo- phony Ij oz.. King's yellow f oz., magnesia as before. Perfumed Wax. Add to any of the above a small quantity of fine benzoin. Common Bottle Wax. 1. Dark resin 18 oz., shell-lac 1 oz., bees'-wax 1 oz. Mix together, and colour with red lead, Venetian red, or lamp black. 2. Resin 19 oz., bees'-wax 1 oz. ; colour as before. Sea- Water, Aetieicial. See Aquaeium. Shell-iac, to Bleach. See Lac, further back. Silk Cleaner, Mix well together ^ lb. of soft soap, a tea- spoonful of brandy, i pint of methylated spirit and \ pint of water. It is to be spread with a sponge on each side of the silk without creasing it ; the silk is then rinsed out two or three times, and ironed on the wrong side. Silver, to Clean. See Plate Powdee. To clean silver utensils, blackened by sulphuretted hydrogen, Bottger recommends a boiling saturated solution of borax, or a solution of caustic potash, with some fragments of metallic zinc. Silvering Powder, &c.,for silvering copper, covering the loom parts of pilated goods, &c. 1. Nitrate of silver 30 grs., common salt 30 grs., cream of tartar 3J drs. Mix. 1 Moistened with water and rubbed on dial plates or other cojjper articles, it coats them with sih'er. 2. Sih'er precipitated from its nitric solution by copper 20 grs., alum 30 grs., cream of tartar 2 drs., salt 2 drs. 3. Precipitated silver g oz., common salt 2 oz., chloride of ammonium 2 oz., corrosive sublimate 1 dr. ; make it into a paste with water. Copper utensils are previously boiled witli tartar and alum, and rubbed with this paste, then made red-hot, and afterwards polished. 4. Dissolve chloride of silver in a solution of hypo- sulphite of soda, and mix this with pi'cpared hartshorn or other suitable powder. SiLVEEiNG Paste. Nitrate of silver 1 part, cyanide of potassiiim (Liebig's) 3 parts, water sufticient to form a thick paste. Apply it with a rag. A bath for the same MISCELLANEOIJS PREPARATIONS 439 purpose is made by dissolving 100 parts of sulphite of sodium, and 15 of nitrate of silver, in water, and dipping the article to be silvered, into it. Electro-silyeeing. Mr. Watt. 1. To the crystallized nitrate of silver obtained by dissolving 1 oz. of fine silver in nitric acid, add 3 pints of cold distilled water to dis- solve it. Precipitate with common salt. Wash well. Dissolve the chloride in just enough of the strong solution of cyanide of potassium. Filter several times, then add distilled water to 1 gallon. This is excellent for a dead white, or to plate cleaned figures, or clock-dials, which only require to be scratch-brushed iffrst. Or if worked weaker, with a feeble battery, and a small surface of anode exposed, a thick layer is obtained, which will bear bur- nishing. 2. Dissolve as much nitrate in the same quantity of distilled water. Add strong solution of cyanide of potas- sium till there is no further precipitate— (not enough to re-dissolve this). Wash the precipitated cyanide several times with pure water. Add now enough strong solution of cyanide of potassium to dissolve it, and make up_ tlie solution to 1 gallon. Filter before using. When it is desired that the articles should come out with a bright appearance, a little bisulphuret of carbon is added to the solution. Silver, Oxidized. Ornaments to which this name is given have a surface of silver which has been acted on by some chemical liquid. A solution of sal ammoniac will give a browniish tint ; a still better one is obtained by using equal parts of sulphate of copper and sal ammoniac dissolved in vinegar. A fine black tint may be produced by a slightly warm solution of sulphide of potassium. Solutions of the chlorides of platinum and gold are some- times adopted in these processes. SiLVEEiKG Glass. See Glass. Silver, to Pukiey and Reduce. Silver, as used in the arts and coinage, is alloyed with a portion of copper. To purify it, dissolve the metal in nitric acid slightly diluted, and add common salt, ^\'hich throws down the whole of the silver in the form of chloride. To reduce it into a metallic state several methods are used-. — 1. The chloride 440 TRADE CHEMICALS must be repeatedly washed with distilled water, and placed in a zinc cup ; a little diluted sulphuric acid being added, the chloride is soon reduced. The silver when thoroughly washed is quite pure. In the absence of a zinc cup, a porcelain cup containing a zinc plate may be used. The process is expedited by warming the cup. 2. Digest the washed chloride with pure copper and ammonia. The quantity of ammonia need not be sufficient to dissolve the chloride. Leave the mixture for a day, then wash the silver thoroughly. — Hoentjng. 3. Boil the washed and moist chloride in solution of pure potash, adding a little sugar ; when washed it is quite pure. SiLYEE, Solvent foe. See further on. Size. Oil Size is made by grinding yellow ochre or burnt red ochre with boiled linseed oil, and thinning it with oil of turpentine. Water Size (for burnished gilding) is parchment size ground with yellow ochre. Smalts. See Pigments. Skeleton Leaves, to make. Steep the leaves, seed-vessels, or other parts of the plant to be dissected, in rain water, until the whole of the soft matter is decomposed. Some require a few weeks, others several months. The rotted parts are now to be carefully removed by a fine brush, under the surface of water, or in a stream of water. A syringe is sometimes required. To bleach the skeletons soak them for some hours in a mixture of 1 oz. of strong solution of chloride of lime and a quart of distilled water. Lastly, wash thoroughly in cold water, and dry by exposure to air. Smoking Fluid. One drop of creasotc in a pint of water imparts a smoky flavour to fish or meat dipped into it for a few minutes. Soap. Foe Peefumed and Toilet Soaps, see Skin Cos- metics, further back. For the manufacture of soaps generally, see Dr. Uee's ' Dictionary of the Arts,' Wagner's 'Chemical Technology,' and other similar works. Hard soaps are made by boiling oils or fats with a ley of caustic soda. Soft soaps consist of oil and potash ; and as they do not separate from the ley like the hard soaps, they generally contain an excess of caustic alkali. Silica soap lias silicatp of soda incorporated with it;. Soap is ^dul- MISCKLLA^NEOUS PEEPAEATIONS 441 teratcd by earthy matters, as pipe-clay, &c. ; these and other impurities remain when soap is dissolved in alcohol. Soap, Marine. Patent. This is made by substituting cocoa-nut oil for the fats and oils used in the manufacture of common soap. It has the advantage of forming a lather with salt water. Soda. For its medical and pharmaceutical compounds, see Pocket Formulary. Soda, Hyposulphite of. Dissolve 1 lb. of crystallized carbonate of soda in a quart of boiling water. Slake -J- lb. of lime in another quart of water. Mix the solutions, let them stand in a covered vessel until cold, pour off the clear liquid, and boil it with more sulphur than it will dissolve. Pour off the clear solution into a deep vessel, and pass sulphurous acid gas through it until it becomes nearly colourless. "Wliile still a little yellow, filter,and evapo- rate it quickly in an earthen vessel to a syrupy consistence. Shake this with half its bulk of rectified spirit, and allow the lower layer to crystallize imder the alcoholic solution which floats on it. It must be kept from the air and light. Solvents for India Rubber. Ether for this purpose should be agitated with water, and decanted. Benzol will dissolve caoutchouc with warmth and long digestion. Rectified coal naphtha forms an imperfect solution em- ployed in Macintosh's waterproof fabrics. Oil of tur- pentine, rendered pyrogenous by absorbing it with bricks of porous ware, and distilling it without water, and treat- ing the product in the same way, is also used for thi.s purpose. It is stated that the solution on evaporation does not leave the caoutchouc in a sticky state. Another method is to agitate oil of turpentine repeatedly with a mixture of equal weights of suli)huric acid and water ; and afterwards to expose it to the sun for some time. Bisul- phide of carbon is a good solvent, dissolving the gum without heat. This constitutes Parees' Patent Solvent. Chloroform is an excellent but rather expensive solvent.* Caoutchoucin has also been employed as a solvent. It is prejiared by distilling India rubber without addition, increasing the heat to 600'^ Fahr. The product is rectified by distilling it with one third of water. It is then a ^Jlethylated cUloroforni is much cheaper tlian that made from rectified spirit. 442 TE.VDE CHEMICALS colourless fluid of 0'680 specific gra^-ity. Its smell is im- proved by agitating it •nith 5 oz. of nitro-hydrochloric acid to each gallon. India rubber is rendered more readily soluble by first digesting it with a solution of carbonate of soda, or water of ammonia. SOLTEXTS POE GUTTA Peecha. Benzol readily dissolves it. So do chloroform and bisulphide of carbon. Solvent eoe Old Pctty a>'d PAiyx. Soft soap mixed with solution of potash or caustic soda; or pearlash and slaked lime mixed with sufficient water to form a paste. Either of these laid on with an old brush or rag, and left for some hours, will render it easily removable. Soluble Glass. See Glass. SOLCTIOXS USED IX ElECTBOTTPE ilA>"IPT:LATIO>'S, &C. Tor the Decomposing Cell. 1. Saturated solution of sulphate of copper 2 parts, sulphuric acid 2 parts, water 6 or 8 parts. 2. Mr. Walkee directs 2 measures of a saturated solution of sulphate of copper, and 1 measure of acidulated water (1 part of sulphuric acid to 9 of water), 3. Eobell's solution consists of 2 parts of a saturated solution 01 sulphate of copper, and 1 part of a saturated solution of Glauber's salt, to which as much sulphate of copper has been added as it will take up. 2. Gold Solution. Dissolve 2 oz. of cyanide of potassium (prepai-ed by Lieeig's method) in a pint of warm distilled water, add i oz. of oxide of gold, and agitate together. 3. Silver Solution. Dissolve 2 oz. of Liebig's cyanide of potassium in a pint of distilled water; add ^ oz. of moist oxide of silver (precipitated by lime-water from a solution of the crystallized nitrate), and agitate together till the oxide is dissolved. 4. Solution in which Steel Articles are dipped le/ore Electroplating them. Nitrate of silver 1 part, nitrate of mercury 1 part, nitric acid (sp. gi". 1-384) 4 parts, water 120 parts. 5. Solution, or Pickle, for Immersing Copper Articles in before Electroplating. Sulphuric acid 64 parts, water 64, nitric acid 32. hydrochloric acid 1 : mix. The article, free from grease, is dipped in the pickle for a second or two. See GiLDi>'G, SiLVEEiXG, Electbo-Brassi>'G, &c. SOLTTXION rOB iICLl.I>'S' VOLTAIC BATTEEY, In COntOCt MISCELLAXEOUS PEEPAEATIO>'S 443 icith the Zinc: 1 part of sal ammoniac to 5 of water. In contact with the Copper : a saturated solution of sul- phate of copper. M. BAcnnoFFXEE uses a saturated solu- tion of common salt and a satiu'ated solution of sulphate of copper. SoLTiTiox FOE SoLDEBLyG. Dissolve zinc in hydi'ochloric acid to saturation, add pulverized sal ammoniac, and boil for a short time. Applied with a sjjonge or feather it facili- tates the flow of the solder. SoLUTioxs FOE THE Watee-bath. Various salts dissolved in water materially raise the boiling-point, and thus afford the means of obtaining a steady temperature at different degrees above 212^. The following are some of the most useful : A saturated solution of nitrate of soda boils at 246° Fahr. „ „ Eochelle salts at . . 240 „ „ „ nitre at 238 „ „ „ chloride of sodium at 224 „ „ „ sulphate of magnesia at 222 „ SoiTEXT FOE_ SiLVEE. Isitro-sulphv.ric Acid. Dissolve 1 part of u'.tre in 10 parts of oil of ^•itriol. Used for dis- solving the sUver from plated goods, &c. It dissolves silver at a temperature below 200°, and scarcely acts upon copiier, lead, and ii'on, unless diluted. The silver is precipitated from the solution, after moderately diluting it, by common salt, and the chloride reduced as directed, under Sixyee, to pubift axd EEorcE. Spirit of Niteic Ethee. See Pocket Formulary. It need only be added here, that its acidity is removed and pre- vented, by rectifying it from neutral tartrate of potash. Spoxge, Bla:?sCHEI>. Soak the sponges for several days in cold water, renewing the water and squeezing the sponges occasionally. Then wash them in wai-m water, and place them in cold water to which a little hydrochloric acid has been added. Xext day take them out and wash them thoroughly in soft water; then immerse them in aqueous sulphurous acid (sp. gr. 1'034) for a week. They are aftei-wards washed in plenty of water, squeezed, and allowed to dry in the air. For burnt, prepared, and waxed sponge, see Spo>'GIA, Pocket Formulary. 444 TEADE CHEMICALS Staixs for Wood, Ivoey, &c. See Ivoey, to Stain; Wood, to Stain ; Bookbindees' Stains, &c. Stains, to eemove. Stains of iodine are removed by rec- tified spirit. Ink stains by oxalic acid or superoxalate of potash. Iron moulds by tbe same ; but, if obstinate, it lias been recommended to moisten them witli ink, then remove them in the usual way. See RrST, to prevent and remove, further back. Grease Sj^ots. See Sootteing Deops. Red Spots on black cloth, from acids, are removed by spirits of hartshorn, or other solutions of ammonia. Stains of Marking Ink or Nitrate of Silver, to remove. 1. Wet the stain with fresh solution of chloride of lime, and after 10 or 15 minutes, if the marks have become white, dip the part iu solution of ammonia, or of hyposulphite of soda. In a few hours wash with clean water. 2. Stretch the strained linen over a basin of hot water, wet the mark with tincture of iodine. 3. They may also be removed by cyanide of potassium ; but this should be done by the druggist, and not intrusted to any one else. Starch. Starch is procured from various roots and seeds. Its varieties are numerous ; but a f ei,^' of the most im- portant only can be noticed hei'e. Arrowroot (West Indian). The fecula of the tubers of the Maranta arundinacea. The fresh tubers are washed and beaten to a pulp, which is well stirred in a large tub of cold clean water, and the fibrous part wrung out by the hands, and thrown away. The water in which the fecula is suspended is passed through a hair sieve or coarse cloth, allowed to settle, and the water poured off. After being repeatedly washed, the wet starch is drained, and after- wards dried in the sun. [Tlie other varieties of arrow- root (see Dietetic Articles) are prepared by analogous processes from the roots which yield them.] Potato Starch. The tubers are washed and peeled, usually by machinery, rasped by a revolving grater, and the pulp washed on hair sieves till freed from the starchy matter. Successive portions of the pulp are thus treated till the vessels over which the sieves are placed is suffi- ^cjentlv full. The starch held in suspension in water, sub- MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS 445 sides to the bottom; the water is then drawn off, and the starch stirred up with fresh water, and again allowed to subside. This is repeated several times till the starch is sufficiently pure. The fibres and the washing waters are used as manures. The washed fibres have also been re- commended as an ingredient in bread for diabetic patients. Wheat Starch. Wheat flour is steeped in water for a week or two and allowed to ferment. The acid liquor is drawn off, and the residue washed on a sieve : what passes through is allowed to settle, the sour liquor drawn off, and the starch thoroughly washed from the slimy matter. It is then drained in perforated boxes, cut up into square lumps, placed on bricks to absorb the moisture, and dried in a stove. See Dr. Peeeiea's ' Elements.' Various means are adopted to free the starch from gluten and other impurities. In the patent rice starch, and pro- bably other kinds of starch, alkaline solutions are used. Ammonia has been recommended, as it does not, like pot- ash and soda, dissolve any portion of pure starch. The various kinds of fecula are distinguishable by the form of their particles or grains. By a microscopical examination of these, the mixture or substitution of potato starch with the more expensive kinds is readily detected. Figures of the different kinds of starch grains are given in the ' Pharmaceutical Journal,' vol. iv, in Dr. Peeeiea's ' Elements.' In Attfield's 'Chemistry, General, Medical and Pharmaceutical,' &c. M. Goblet has proposed to distinguish them by the coloration produced when the several kinds are exposed to the vapour of iodine ; but the effect seems to dejiend greatly on the relative dryness of the samples. Stearic Acid. Fat is saponified, and the soap decomposed by an acid, with a large quantity of water, the mixture being kept warm and well stirred. The water being drawii off, the fatty matter is well washed, allowed to cool, and submitted to strong pressure. Stoem Glass. Take 2\ drs. of camphor, 38 grs. of nitre, and 38 grs. of sal ammoniac ; dissolve them in 9 di-s. of water, and 6 drs. of rectified spirit, with a gentle heat. This is placed in a glass tube covered \\'\t\\ a brass cap, with a small hole to admit air. Or it may be put in an eau de 446 TEADE CHEMICALS Cologne or other long bottle, tied over witli bladder. Its various changes are supposed to indicate changes of weather, but the indications are not to be relied on. Sttjpfing Birds and Animals, Peeparatioxs foe. 1. Camphor 1 oz., corrosive sublimate 1 oz., alum ^ oz., sul- phur 1 oz. ; all finely powdered and mixed. 2. Tanner's bark dried and powdered 2 oz., burnt alum 1 oz., snuff 1 oz. ; mix, and add arsenic i oz., camphor i oz., sulphur 1 dr. 3. BECCErn's Arsenical Soap. Camphor 5 drs., arsenic 4 oz., white soap 4 oz., carbonate of potash 12 oz., air- slaked lime 4 oz. ; make a stiff paste with a little water. Styeol. Mix 20 parts of storax with 7 of carbonate of soda, and put them into a retort with water, and apply heat. A limpid fluid distils, which becomes when heated to a certain point a transparent solid. Sugar Resin. Mix 16 parts of strong sulphuric acid with 8 of the strongest nitric acid ; when cooled to 70° Fahr., stir in 1 part of finely powdered sugar. In a few seconds, when the sugar has become pasty, take it out of the acid and phmge it into cold water. Add more sugar to the acid, and proceed as before. Wash the resinous matter carefully, and dissolve it in alcohol or ether. Evaporate the solution with a gentle heat. It is very combustible. Its solution may be used to render gunpowder, lucifer matches, &c., waterproof. Sulphide. A sulpliide was formerly termed a sulphuret, which latter name has been almost invariably retained in the present edition. Sulphite of Coppee. To a concentrated solution of bisul- phite of potash add a cold solution of sulphate of copper, filter, aud heat gently. SULPHOCTANIDE OF AMMONIUM. Saturate 2 parts of com- mon water of ammonia (sp. gr. 0'950) with sulphuretted hydrogen ; and add 6 parts of the same ammonia. To this mixture add 2 parts of sulphur, aud the product of the distillation of 6 parts of prussiute of potash, 3 of sul- phuric acid, and 18 of water. Digest till the sulphur is no longer acted on^ aud the liquiil becomes yellow. Boil the liquid till it becomes colourless, filter, evaporate, aud crystallize. MISCELLANEOUS PUEPAEATIONS 447 SuLPHUEET OF Caebon. See BisrLPHUEET OF Caeeon. Syetjp of Milk. Evaporate, with constant stirring, 6 lbs. of skimmed milk to 3 lbs. ; add 4i lbs. of siigar ; dissolve with a gentle heat, and strain . It may be flavoured with the addition of 1 oz. of cherry-laurel water. [For other Syrups see Pocket Formulary.] Milk may be preserved by first heat- ing it, and when cold, charging it with carbonic acid gas. Tannik. See Acid, Tannic, further back. Teepine. Leave oil of turpentme for a long time in con- tact with a mixture of nitric acid and alcohol. Crystals of terpine form. By boiling an aqueous solution of ter- pine with a small quantity of sulphuric or other add, terpinol is formed, and may be separated by distillation. It has the odour of hyacinths. Test Liqtjoes, Test Papebs, &c. Distilled water only should be used in these preparations. In preparing the papers, the liquid should be placed iii an earthenware plate or dish, and the paper carefully immersed in it so as to be uniformly wetted, then dried out of the reach of acid, ammoniacal, or other vapours likely to affect it; and afterwards kept in bottles, jars, or cases. Dr. Faeaday recommends unsized paper, but Mr. Paenell and other good authorities direct good letter paper to be used.* Brazil Paper. Dip paper in a strong decoction of Brazil wood, and dry it. [It is rendered purple or violet by alkalies ; generally yellow by acids.] Cabbage Paper. Make a strong infusion of red cabbage leaves, strain it, and evaporate it by a gentle heat till considerably reduced. Then dip the paper in it and dry it in the air. [This paper is of a greyish colour ; alkalies change it to green, acids to red. It is a very delicate test ; if rendered slightly green by an alkali, carbonic acid will restore the colour.] Dahlia Paper. From the petals of violet dahlias, as cabbage paper. Elder-berry Paper. This is merely paper stained with the juice of the berries. Its blue colour is changed to red by acids, and to green by alkalies. Indigo Paper. Immerse paper in sulphate of indigo, * Dr. Fresenius recomnieuds unsized paper. 448 TUlDE CHEMlCAliS wash it with water rendered slightly alkaline, then witH pure water, and dry it in the air. Iodide of Potassium and Starch Paper. Mix starch paste with solution of iodide of potassium, and moisten bibulous paper with it. [It becomes blue when exposed to ozone. Chlorine has the same effect.] Lead Paper, Paper dipped in a solution of acetate of lead. [When moistened it detects sulphuretted hydrogen, which renders it black.] Plue Litmus Paper. Bruise 1 oz. of litmus in a mortar, and add boiling water ; triturate together, put tliem in a flask and add boiling water to make up to half a pint ; when cool, strain it, and dip paper in it. More colour may be extracted from the litmus by hot water, but the liquid will require to be concentrated by evaporation. [Acids change the colour to red, but it does not become green with alkalies.] Sed Litmus Paper. As the last, adding to the strained infusion a few drops of nitric acid, or of pure acetic acid. Dr. Paeaday recommends holding blue litmus paper over a large jar, into which a few drops of hydrochloric acid have been introduced, till sufficiently reddened. Eose Paper. Make a strong infusion of the petals of the red rose, and dip unsized paper in it. Dipped in an alkaline solution, so weak as not to affect turmeric paper, it assumes a bright green colour. Manganese Paper. Dip paper in a solution of sulphate of of manganese. [It becomes black in an ozonized atmosphere.] Ehubarb Paper. Dip paper in a strong infusion of rhubarb, and dry it. [Alkalies render it brown. It is not, like turmeric paper, affected by boraeic acid.] Starch Paper. This is merely paper imbued with starch paste. Cotton cord is sometimes used instead of paper. [As a test for iodine, which it turns blue.] Turmeric Paper. Boil 1 oz of coarsely powdered turmeric root in half a pint of water for half an hour, and strain : dip paper in the liquid, and dry it. [It is rendered brown by alkalies, and also by boraeic acid and borates.] Test Solutions, &c. [The vegetable preparations are here placed first.] Tincture and Infusion of R'ed Callage. Digest red MISCELLAIS'EOUS PREPAElTIONS 44i) cabbage with rectified spirit in a warm place for a few clays ; strain, distil off most of tlic spirit, and evaporate what remains to the consistence of syrup. It will keep for years. When required for use, dilute it with a little water ; or the concentrated infusion directed above for the paper may have a little spirit added to it. [If the cabbage leaves be well dried, they may be kept in a close vessel for use, and a strong infusion made when wanted.] Acid Infusion of Red Cabbage. Fabadat directs one or more red cabbages to be cut up in strips, and boil- ing water poured on them, and a little dilute sulphuric acid (ecpial to ^ oz. of oil of vitriol to a large cabbage) to be added, and the whole kept hot for an hour or two in a copper or earthen vessel. It is then strained, the cabbage infused in a little more water and acid, and the mixed infusion evaporated to one third its first bulk, allowed to settle, and put into bottles. When required for use, the acid is neutralized by caustic potash or soda. Another plan is to dry the leaves at 120° ; and wdien required for use to make a strong infusion, adding a drop of sulphuric acid, to neutralize the strained infusion with marble, filter, and add a little spirit, if required to be kept. Infusion or Tincture of Litmus. This is made as di- rected above for litmus paper. Or an ounce of powdered litmus may be triturated with 6 oz. of boiling water, di- gested near the fire for an hour, and mixed, when cool, with 2 oz. of spirit. Or digest 1 oz. of powdered litmus in a pint of proof spirit for 7 days. If required red, a few drops of acetic acid are added to either of these. The next day decant the clear liquor. Dr. Pebeiea directs 1 part of litmus to 25 of water. Wlien made very strong, it must be diluted when used. Tincture of Galls, Infusion of Oalls, cf"c. Fresh pow- dered blue galls 1 oz., proof spirit 8 oz. ; digest in a close vessel for a week, and filter. A watery infusion of galls may be made in the same proportion with boiling water for immediate itsc. Pettenkofer directs 1 oz. of pow- dered galls to be infused in 3 or 4 oz. of l)oiling water for several hom's, and 2 oz. of salt added. After filtration, it retains its transparency and power of precipitating gela- tin for years. [This is used to detect iron, with the per- 29 450 TEADE CHEMICALS salts of wliicli it produces a bluish-black precipitate ; for gelatin, wliich it precipitates in browaiish-wliite flocks ; and several of the organic alkaloids.] Marsh's Dahlia Test. Make a strong infusion of the petals of dark dahlias ; strain, and add to every pint \ oz. of strong sulphuric acid ; stir with a glass rod, and when cold, add to each pint 2 grs. of corrosive sublimate. Fil- ter through coarse cloth, and bottle. When required for use, neutralize it carefully with ammonia, and use the liquid by dipping paper in it. Syrup of Violets. On 4 oz. of fresh petals of violets pour half a pint of water at 104° Fs^hrenheit, stir them together, and in a minute or two strain off the water with gentle pressure, and pour 8 oz. of boiling distilled water on the flowers. In 12 hours, strain through luien, let the infusion settle, and decant, then dissolve in it twice its weight of refined sugar, by a gentle heat. [A delicate test for acids and alkalies.] Dr. Claek's Test for Sardness of Water. Dissolve 1 oz. of Hawes's best white soap in a gallon of proof spirit. If not of such strength that it requires 32 measures to be added to 100 measures of solution of chloride of calcium of 16 degrees of hardness (see below) before it lathers, it must be adjusted to that strength. [The chloride of cal- cium solution is thus made. — Dissolve 16 grs. of pure car- bonate of lime (Iceland spa) in a small quantity of pure hydrocliloric acid, avoiding loss from effervescence; eva- porate the solution to dryness, and dissolve the residue in water, and again evaporate till a neutral solution is ob- tained ; then dissolve in a gallon of water. This forms the standard solution of 16 degrees of hardness. One measure of this solution with 15 of distilled water consti- tutes a solution of one degree of hardness ; and so on up to 16 degrees. The degree of hardness expresses the number of grains of cai'bonate of lime per gallon contained in the water. For the mode of using this test, see Dr. Clark's pamphlet. Solution of Carhonate of Ammonia. Mr. Paenell directs this test to be prepared by dissolving 1 part of sublimed carbonate of ammonia in 3 of water, and adding 1 part of water of ammonia. MISCELLANEOtTS PREPARATIONS 451 Solution of Oxalate of Ammonia. Dissolve 1 oz. of crystaUizcd oxalate of ammonia in a pint of -water. Solution oj" Sulpl/u retted Si/droffen. Pass sulphuretted liydrogen gas (see Gases, further liack) through cold distilled water, which has been recently boiled, till it will absorb no more. Keep it in small bottles secn.rely closed. Solution of Hydrosulpliuret of Ammonia. Hijdrosul- phide, Sydrosulphate of Ammonia. Pass sulphuretted hydrogen gas (see further back) through water of ammonia till the liquid occasions no precipitate in a solution of sulphate of magnesia. Solution of Ammonio-nitrate of Silver. It gives a pale yellow precipitate with arsenious acid, and a chocolate red vnt\i arsenic acid ; the same with their salts. See Pocket Formulary. Solution of Nitrate of Silver. The Edinburgh Phar- macopoeia directed this test to be prepared by dissolving 40 grains of the nitrate in a fluid ounce of distilled water. The London Pharmacopoeia directed 60 grs. to a fluid ounce. Mr. Paeneli recommends 1 part to 15 or 20 of water. [It is used chiefly for the detection of chlorine or hydro- chloric acid. The precipitated chloride of silver is insoluble in nitric acid. Also for hydrocyanic acid, with which it gives a white precipitate, which is decomposed by heat, the silver being reduced. Solution of Ammonio-sulphate of Copper. Chiefly used as a test for arsenical compounds, with which it gives a green precipitate. See Pocket Formulary. Solution of Chloride of Barium. See Pocket Formulary. Solution of Indigo. See Pocket Formulary. For the Test Solutions of the B. P., see Pocket Formulary. Hahij'EMANn's Wine Test, for detecting lead in wine. Sulphuret of lime 3 oz., tartaric acid 3 oz., water 2 lbs., mix, decant, and add 1 oz. of tartaric acid. Or, simple sulphuretted hydrogen water 4 oz., tartaric acid 1 dr. For the detection of other adulterants in wine, see Coolet, article " Wine." , Trommer's Test for sugar in urine. Put some of the suspected urine into a large test-tube, and add a few drops of solution of sulphate of copper, then sufficient solution of potash to rcudoi- it strongly alkaline. If sugar be present 452 TEADE CSEMICAIS the precipitated oxide redissolves into a blue liquid, and ou boiling, red oxide of copper is precipitated. " Fehling found that one equivalent of grape-sugar, or l80 parts, decomposed exactly ten equivalents, or 1246"8 parts, of sulphate of copper. Accordingly he prepared a solution of copper of standard strength, and applied it to fluids containing grape-sugar ; and the quantity of these reqim'ed to decompose a fixed volume of the standard solu- tion furnished an exact measure of the sugar they contained. '■ Fehling's standard solution is prepared according to the following j^rescription : — Sulpliate of copper 90^ grs., neutral tartrate of potash 364 grs., solution of caustic soda (sp. gr. 1'12) 4 fl. oz., add water to make up 6 fl. oz. 200 grs. of this solution are exactly decomposed by 1 gr. of sugar." — Dr. Robeets.* Dr. Robeets gives the following directions for the quantitative examination of urine for sugar : — " Pour some of the prepai'ed test-liquor (" Fehling's," as above) into a narrow test-tube to the depth of f of an inch ; heat until it begins to boil, then add 2 or 3 drops of the suspected urine. If the sugar be abundant a thick yellowish opacity and deposit of yellow suboxide are produced (and tliis changes to a brick-red at once if the blue colour of the test remain dominant). If no such reaction ensue, go on adding the urine mitil a bulk nearly equal to the test employed has been poured in ; heat agaua to ebullition, and, no change occm-ring, set aside without further boiling. If no milkiness is produced as the mixture cools, the urine may confidently be pronomiced free from sugar." ^iTEic Acid Test for albumen in urine. Fill a test-tube to the depth of about an inch with the ui'ine, then incline the tube and pour in strong nitric acid, so that it may trickle down along the side of the tube to the bottom and form a stratum some quarter of an inch thick below the urine. If the urine contain albumen three layers will be perceptible — one, perfectly colourless, of nitric acid at the bottom ; immediately above this an opalescent zone of the coagulated albumen, and on the top the unaltered urine. * Yor methods of perfonning the analysis, &e., consult Dr. Roberts' wovk, ' Uriniry aiul Renal Diseases. ' MISCELLAKEOUS TEEPAEATIONS 453 Heat Test, for albumen in urine. — " If the urine have its us\ial acid reaction it heeomes turbid on boiling; when it contains albumen, and this turbidity persists after the addition of an acid. There are two points to bo renieniberod on usiii<>- heat alone as a test for albumen : — First, that albu- men is not coagulated by heat when the urine is alkaline ; in such cases, therefore, it is necessary before boiling to restore the acidity by a few drops of acetic acid. Secondly, when the urine is neutral, or very feebly acid, it may become tui'bid on heating, from precipitation of the earthy phosjihates ; but turbidity from this cause is easily dis- tinguished from albumen by a drop of acetic or nitric acid, which instantly causes the phosphates to disappear." — Dr. Roberts. Pettenkofer's Test for hile in urine, &c. Put a small quantity of the suspected liquid into a test-tube, and add to it, drop by droji, strong sulphuric acid till it becomes warm, taking care not to raise the temperature above 122° Fahr. Then add from 2 to 5 drops of syrup, made Avith 5 parts of sugar to 4 of water, and shake the mi.xture. If the liquid contain bile, a violet coloration is observed. Acetic acid, and those substances which are converted into sugar by sulphuric acid, may be substituted for sugar. [Another test consists in placing a little of the suspected urine in a test-tube, and adding to it a few drops of tincture of iodine, when, if bile be present, the fluid becomes distinctly green]. Tobacco Water. See Washes for vermin on plants. Touch Paper. Dip a piece of wliite blotting-paper, or printuig-paper, in a solution of 1 oz. of nitre in 8 oz. of water. Dry it perfectly. Trees, Metallic. Lead Tree. Dissolve 1 oz. of sugar of lead in a quart of distilled or filtered rain-water, adding a few drops of acetic acid. Filter, and put the clear sohition into a decanter or bottle. Suspend in it a piece of zinc, and set it aside. Silver Tree. Dissolve 20 grs. of crystallized nitrate of silver in an ounce of distilled water ; put it into a phial, and add about ^ a drachm of jiure ([uicksilvor. Tin Tree, Dissolve 3 drs, of chloride of tin xa, a pint 454 TBADE CHEMICALS and a half of water, \\-itli 10 or 15 drops of nitric acid ; and suspend in it a rod of zinc. Turpentine, Venice (factitioxcs). It is usually made by dissolving black resin in oil of tui'pentine. Dr. Peeeiha states the proportion to be 5 fluid oz. of tlie oil to 16 oz. of resin; but some makers put as much as 8, 10, or even 12 oz. of oil of turpentine to each pound of resin. [We have introduced this factitious preparation, because no genuine Venice (or larch) turpentine is rarely, if ever, to be obtained.] Turpentine, Oil oe. Common turpentine, chiefly Ame- rican, is distilled with water ; the oil comes over with the water and is found floating on it. It is rectified by dis- tilling it again with water. See Camphine and Solvents for India Rubber, for further modifications of this oil. Urn Powder. 0.\ide of iron, crocus, or jeweller's rouge. Vanillin. A crystalline substance obtained from pine ji^ice by Messrs. Tiemann and Harmann. It has been shown to be identical with the aromatic principle of vanilla. Varnishes. These constitute a distinct branch of manu- facture, and many of them can be advantageously or safely made only on the large scale on premises adapted for the purpose. A few of the most easily prepared and useful varnishes have been selected for iiisertiou. For fuller information, sec Dr. Ure's ' Dictionary of Arts, Dumas' ' Chimie appliquee aux Arts, &c.' Some practical information on this subject will be foxmd in Mr. IIed- wood's edition of Gra's's ' Supplement,' and in the 49th vol. of the ' Transactions of the Society of Arts.' Spirit T'arnis/ies. The spirit* employed should not be less than 60° overproof. In preparing and using them, they should be kept at a distance from a candle or other flame, llespecting the gums (resins) employed, it may be useful to mention that sheU-lac is rendered more soluble by being powdered and exposed for a long time to the air; sandarach gives hardness to varnishes; mastic gives a gloss to solutions of other gums ; benzoin still more, but its colour is objectionable ; anime readily dissolves, but renders the varnish long in drying ; copal and amber •■ Methylated spirit is now universally employed in mnliinfr spirit var- nishes, being equal to, as well as very much cheaper than, duty-paid spirit. MISCELLANEOUS PEEPAEATIONS 455 arc scarcely soluble in spirit, but are rendered partially so by otber gums, and also by being previously fused by heat. Shell-lac gives a durable varnish, objectionable only on account of its colour, «hich may be rendered paler by charcoal. See Lac. 1. White Sjnrit Varnish. Methylated spirit 2 gallons, gum sandarach 5 lbs. Put them into a tin bottle, cork se- curely, and agitate frequently, placing the tin occasionally in hot water till the gum is dissolved, then add a quart of pale turpentine varnish. 2. Brown. Methylated spirit 2 gallons, sandarach 3 lbs. shell-lac 2 lbs., pale turpentine varnish a quart. Proceed as the last. 3. Sandarach 2 oz., shell-lac J oz., methylated spirit 16 fluid oz. 4. White. Gum sandarach 1| oz., mastic i oz., elemi i oz., foreign oil of lavender i oz., methylated spirit 8 oz. Copal Sjiirit, or Drying Varnish. Copal, fused and pulverized, 3 oz., sandarach 6 oz., mastic 8 oz., "Venice tui-pentine, 24 oz., methylated spirit a quart, powdered glass 3 oz. Mix the powdered glass and resins, and sift them ; introduce them into a matrass with the spirit, and heat to boiling, constantly agitating till the gums are dissolved; then add the turpentine. Heat the varnish for half an hour, and when removed from the fire, agitate till cold. Brilliant Amber Spirit Varnish. Fused amber 4 oz., sandarach 4 oz., mastic 4 oz., methylated spirit a quart. Expose to the heat of a sand-bath, with occasional agitation, till dissolved. [The amber is fused in a close copper vessel, having a funnel-shaped projection, which passes through the bottom of the furnace by which the vessel is heated.] Amber Varnish for Photographs. Dissolve 3 to 4 grs. of amber in 1 oz. of chloroform. 1. Colovrless Varnish for Photographs. Dissolve shell- lac by heat in 8 parts of water and one part of pearlash. Precipitate by chlorme,and dissolve in rectified spirit.— Dr. Habe. 2. 1 oz. white lac, dissolved in 10 oz. of warm methylated spirits of wine. Let it settle for several weeks, then carefully decant for use. Chinese Varnish. Mastic 2 oz., sandarach 2 oz., rec- 456 TBADE CHEMICALS titled spirit a pint. Close the matrass with bladder, with a pin-hole for the escape of vapour; heat to boiling in a sand or water-bath, and when dissolved, strain through linen. Crystal Varnish. Picked mastic 4 oz., methylated spirit a pint, animal charcoal 1 oz. Digest and filter. French Polish and Laaqxiers are varieties of spirit var- nishes. The former has already been noticed. A few formula? for the latter are here added. Fale or Gold Lacquers. To a pint of methylated spirit add as much gamboge as ^vill give it a bright yellow colour, then add 12 oz. of seed-lac in fine powder, and set it in a sand-bath till dissolved. Or :i tincture of annotto (1 part to 8 of spirit) may be added to give the desired colour. Dark Lacquer. Clear seed-lac 1 lb., dragon's blood 1 oz. ; pulverize together, and add them to a pint and a half of methylated spirit. Set in a warm place till dissolved. Lacquer for Brass Work. Turmeric 1 oz., saffron \ oz., Spanish annotto \ oz., methylated s])irit a pint. Digest at a gentle heat for several days ; strain through coarse linen, put the tincture into a bottle, and add 3oz. of good seed-lac coarsely powdered. Place in a moderate heat, and shake frequently till dissolved; if wanted of a redder shade, increase the quantity of annotto, or add a little di'agon's blood. [Some makers prepare a strong tincture of the various colouring ingredients, and add them to the lacquer to produce the required shade.] Oil of turpentine, and other essential oils, are used as solvents, forming essence varnishes, as the following : Mastic Varnish. Clean mastic 5 oz., rectified oil of turpentine (camphine) a quart. Digest in a M'arm place, shaking frequently till the solution is complete, then strain. Ficttire Varnish. Chio turpentine 2^ oz., mastic 12 oz., camphor \ dr., pounded glass 4 oz., rectified oil of turpen- tine 3 pints. For oil paintings. Canada Varnish. Clear balsam of Canada 4 oz., cam- phine 8 oz. ; warm gently, and shake together till dissolved. For maps, drawings, &c. ; they are first sized over with a solution of isinglass, taking care that every part is covered ; when dry, the varnish is brushed over it. MISCELLANEOUS PKEPAEATIONS 457 Tinqry's Essence Varnish. Mastic in powder 12 oz., pure turpc'iitino l-J- oz., camphor J oz., powdered glass 5 oz., rectified oil of tiirpciitiiie a qxiart. Common Turpentine Varnish. Tliis is merely clear pale resin dissolved in oil of turpentine j usually 5 lbs. of resin to 7 lbs. of turpentine. Oil Varnishes. These consist of copal and other gums dissolved by heat in boiled linseed oil ; generally witli the addition of oil of turpentine. Cabinet Varnish. Fuse 7 lbs. of African copal, and pour on it 4 pints of hot clarified linseed oil (see Oils) ; in 3 or 4 minutes, if it feels stringy, take it out of the building, where there is no fii-e near, and when it has cooled to 150° mix in 3 gallons of oil of turpentine of the same tempcra- tm"e, or sufficient to bring it to a duo consistence. [Various qualities of copal vaniish are made for different purposes ; inferior gums are often substituted for, or mixed with coital.] Amber Varnish. Amber 16 oz. ; melt in an iron pot, and add \ pint di'ying linseed oil, boiling hot, and then 3 oz. of resin and 3 oz. of asphalt, each in fine powder. Stir till they are thoroughly incorporated; remove from the fire, and add a pint of ^varm oil of turpentine. Common Oil Varnish. Resin 3 lbs., drying oil h, a gal- lon; melt together, and add, when removed from the fire, 2 quarts of warm oil of turpentine. Varnish for Printers' Ink. To every 10 lbs. of clarified linseed oil (see further back) add 5 lbs. of clear black resin, and \ lb. oil of turpentine. It is then ready for mixing with lamp black or other colouring matter. A twelfth part of Canada balsam is sometimes added for the finer sorts. A few miscellaneous varnishes are added. Varnish for Engraving on Copper. Yellow wax 1 oz., mastic 1 oz., asphaltum ^ oz.; melt, pour into water, and form into balls for use. A softer varnish for engravers is made with 1 part of tallow and 2 of yellow wax ; or \\ith 2 oz. of wax, 1 dr. of common turpentine, and 1 dr. olive oil. Sec Etching Vaenishes, further buck. Varnish for Engraving on Olass. 1. Wax 1 oz., mastic •J oz., asphaltum \ oz., turpentine i- dr. 458 TEADE CHEMICALS 2. Mastic 15 parts, turpentine 7, oil of spike 4 parts. Le Blond's Varnish. Keep 4 IIjs. of balsam of copaivi warm in a sand or water-batli, and add 16 oz. of copal, previously fused and coarsely powdered, by single ounces daily, and stir it frequently ; ^vlien dissolved add a little Cbio turpentine. Bessemeb's Varnish, for metallic paint. This is made ^^•itb 8 lbs. of copal, 2^ gallons of drying oil, and 25 gallons of oil of turpentine. These are made into a varnish nearly as directed for Cabinet Varnish ; and afterwards mixed A^ith a gallon of slaked lime, and left for 3 days to settle. The clear portion is then drawn off, and 5 parts of varnish mixed with 4 jiarts of bronze powder. Macintosh's Caoutchouc Varnish. Dissolve 1 lb. of India rubber cut in shreds in a quai-ter of a pint of recti- fied coal naphtha. [Caoutchovic varnishes may be made ■u-ith any one of the solvents for it, noticed before. The following are also used :] India Riihher Varnish, for boots. Dissolve i oz. of caoutchouc in 2 oz. of mineral naphtha. Dissolve also J oz. of asphaltum in 1 oz. of oil of turpentine. ]\Iix the solutions. Balloon Varnish, Melt Lidia rubber in small pieces with its weight of boiled linseed oil, and thin it with oil of turpentine. Varnish for Frames for Sot Beds. Mix 4 oz. of pul- verized white cheese, 2 oz. of slaked lime, and 4 oz. of boiled linseed oil. Mix, and add 4 oz. each of whites and yoUvs of egg, and liquefy the mixture by heat. This curious mixture is said to produce a pliable and transpa- rent varnish. Coloured Varnishes. Oil varnishes are coloured by grinding with them the most transparent colom's, as dis- tilled verdigris for green, &c. Spirit varnishes are also coloured with dragon's blood, gamboge, &c. Sealing-Wax Varnish. Black or coloured sealing-wax broken small, and sufficient rectified spirit to cover it, digested till dissolved. An article called black lac is sold as an economical substitute for black sealing-wax. Black Japan for Leather, S^c. Boil together a galk n of boiled linseed oil, 8 oz. of umber, and 3 oz, of asphal- MISCELLANEOUS PREPARATIONS 459 turn. When sufficiently cool, thin in with oil of tur- pentine. Ja^anfor Tin-ioare. 1. Common copal varnish. 2. Dis- solve copal 2 oz., and camphor 1 dr., in oil of turpentine 8oz. Brunswiclc Black. Melt 4 Ihs. of asphaltum, and 2 Ihs. of hot boiled linseed oil, and when sufficiently cool add a gallon of oil of turpentine. Varnish for Oun Barrels, aitev browaiing them. Shell- lac 1 oz., dragon's blood 5 oz., methylated spirit a quart. Dissolve and filter. Transfer Varnish. Alcohol 5 oz., pure Venice turpen- tine 4 OB., mastic 1 oz. Sair Varnish. Dissolve 1 part of clippings of pigs' bristles, or of horsehair, in 10 parts of drying linseed oil by heat. Fibrous materials (cotton, flax, silt, &c.), imbued with the varnish and dried, are used as a substitute for haircloth. Glass Varnish. This is a solution of soluble glass, and should be thus made : — Fuse together 15 parts of powdered quartz (or of fine sand), 10 parts of potash, and 1 of charcoal. Pulverize the mass, and expose it for some days to the air ; treat the whole with cold water, which removes the foreign salts, &c. Boil the residue in 5 parts of water until it dissolves. It is permanent in the air, and not dissolved by cold water. Used to protect wood, S(c., from fire. Vaselin. a proposed substitute for lard in the preparation of ointments, &c. See Pocket Formulary. Vegetable Parchment. De la Rue's Patent. Strong unsized paper is immersed for a few seconds in oil of vitriol, diluted with half its volume of water. It is then washed in pure water. It strongly resembles animal parchment, and is used for the same purposes. [The acid solution must be exactly of the strength indicated, and not warmer than the air around.] ViNEGAE. Vinegar may be made from wine or ale, by keep- ing it for some weeks or months in a warm place, with access of air. In this country it is usually made from malt, or a mixture of malted and unmalted bai'ley, which is mashed as for beer, and fermented with yeast. The 4G0 TEADE CHEMICALS fermented liquor is then placed in a warm room for many- weeks ill unclosed casks, and finished by transferring it into large vessels with false bottoms, on which are placed the refuse raisins, &c., from which wine has been prepared. A much quicker method of acetification is sometimes em- ployed : the fermented liquor is made to pass in drops into tubs filled with beech chips, so as to expose an extended sui'face to the action of the air. In Germany it is also made by the direct acetification of spirit by means of platinum black. The method of preparing wood-vinegar has already been noticed. (See Pyeolioxeoi'S Acid.) The following is one of the processes followed in making vinegar from sugar : — Boil 10 gallons of water for 10 minutes with a quart of bran ; run it into a tub through flannel, and put into it 12 lbs. of coarse brown sugar, and when cooled to 70° add a quart of yeast at three different times. Let it work for four days, then take off the yeast, and run the liquor into a clean tub. Fill the tub nearly with the liquor, leaving room for 2 lbs. of bruised crab apples and 1 lb. of raisins. If it ferments, add a little reserved liquor, or water boiled with sugar, till the fer- mentation ceases. Then place the cask upon a plank fronting the sun in summer, and near the fire in winter. Put into it 1 oz. of isinglass well beaten up with a quart of old vinegar, cover the bunghole with a piece of hop-bag (fastened to the edge of the hole by pitch), and lay a tile over it. Leave it in this state till it becomes fit for use. On a small scale. Dr. Tueneb states that vinegar may be made from 120 jjarts of water, 12 of brandy, 3 of brown sugar, 1 of tartar, and i of sour dough, left some weeks in a warm place. For Perfumed Vinegar, see Peeefmeey. Caebolic Vineoae. Crystallised car-bolic acid 100 parts, acetic acid "900, powdered camphor 5 pai'ts. Sjiriiikled in infected cabins on board ship. — Quesneville. Wafees, Gelatin. Dissolve fine glue or isinglass in such a quantity of water as that the solution, when cold, may be consistent. Pour it hot on. a plate of mirror glass (previously warmed with steam and slightly greased), which is fitted in a metallic frame, having edges just as^ high as the wafers should be thick. Lay on the surface a second glass platCj also hot and greased, so as to touch MISCELLANEOUS PREPARATIONS 461 every point of the gelatin while resting on the edges of the frame. By its pressure the thin cake is rendered uniform. When the glass plates have cooled, the gelatin M-Hl he solid, and may be removed. It is cut into discs of different sizes by means of proper puuclies. Washes for Vermin in Plants. 1. Tobacco boater. Infuse 1 lb. of tobacco in a gallon of boiling water, in a covered vessel, till cold. 2. For Lice in Vines. Boil ^ lb. of tobacco in 2 quarts of water; strain, and add I lb. of soft soap and i lb. of sulphur. Mix. 3. For Aphides. Boil 2 oz. of lime and 1 oz. of sulphur in water, and strain. 4. Poison for Plant Lice, and other insects. Boil 3| oz. of quassia chips, and 5 drs. of powdered stavesacre seed, in 7 pints of water, to 5 pints. Strain when cold, and use with a watering pot or syringe, 5. For Red Spiders. A teaspoonful of salt in a gallon of water. In a few days wash the plant with pure water. See Blights, remedies for. Washing Powders. These consist of soda-ash combined with gelatinous substances, as a solution of glue, linseed jelly, &c., dried and powdered. Washing Liquids are chiefly solutions of caustic soda. Water for Marine Aquarium. See Aquarium, Marine, Water for. Water, Hard (Dr. Czauk's patent for softening). This consists simply in adding milk of lime to the water in the reservoir. It combines with free carbonic acid, which it precipitates as carbonate of limo, and at the same time causes the deposition of the carbonate of lime previously held in solution by that gas. Waterproofing Compounds. For Boots, Sfc. (Roome's patent.) Suet 8 oz., linseed oil 8 oz., yellow bees'-wax 6 oz., neatsfoot oil 1-^ oz., lamp black 1 oz., litharge i oz. Melt together, and stir till cold. 2. Linseed oil 8 oz., boiled ditto 10 oz., suet 8 oz., yellow wax 8 oz. Melt. 3. Dr. Harvard's. Wax 8 oz., resin 4 oz., mutton suet 4 oz. ; boil together, and apply warm to new boots. 4. Col. Hawker's. Drying oil 1 pint, wax 2 oz., 4G2 TRADE CHEMICALS Burgundy pitch 1 oz., oil o£ turpentine 2 oz. Melfc over a slow fire, and add a few drops of oil of lavender or thyme Brush the boots repeatedly with the composition before the fire, till they appear fully saturated. 5. For Leather, Sfc. Cut 3 drachms of India rubber into small pieces, soak them for 24 hours in a solution of common soda; dissolve this and 3 oz. of asphaltum in 12 oz. of camphine, then add ^ oz. of boiled linseed oil. For Cloth. It is alternately dipped in a solution of acetate of lead ^vitli a little gum, and solution of alum. For Hats. Boil 8 lbs. shell-lac, 3 lbs. frankincense, and 1 lb. borax in sufiicient water. For Canvas, S(c. Gutta percha 3 parts is dissolved in resin spirit 9 parts, at a heat of 120° to 140° Fahr., stir- ring occasionally. — Mr. Castley. "Wax. Yellow bees'-wax is bleached by pouring the melted wax in a divided state on a revolving cylinder partly im- mersed in water, so as to form it into fine ribbons, which are exposed to air and moisture till bleached, and subse- quently refined by melting wath water containing sul- phuric acid. — Dr. Peeeira. It has been proposed to bleach wax by adding to each pound of melted wax 2 oz. of powdered nitrate of soda, and afterwards stirring in, by little at a time, 1 oz. of sulphuric acid diluted with 10 parts of water, keeping the mixture warm, and constantly stirred wath a glass rod in a capacious eai'then vessel, till all the acid is added. It is then allowed to become some- what cool, and the vessel filled with boiling water, well agi- tated, and set aside. The cake of wax is removed into boiling water, till this no longer produces a precipitate with chloride of barium. — M. Ingenhol. [We have not found this render wax perfectly white.] Wax foe Modelling. Lead plaster 8 oz., bees'-wax 8 oz., Burgvmdy pitch 8 oz. ; melt together, stir in sufiicient chalk to form a paste, and form it into small sticks for use. [For Sealing Wax, see further back.] Welding Composition. Mix borax with -jL of sal ammo- niac, fuse the mixture, and pour it on an iron plate. Wlien cold, pulverize it, and mix it with an equal weight of quicklime, sprinkle it on iron heated to redness, and re- MISCELLANEOUS PREPARATIONS 463 place it in the fire. It may be welded below the usual heat. Wheat, Steep for. A pound of genuine sulphate of copper iu sufficient water, for each sack of seed. Ai-senic is also used ; sulphate of zinc has been recommended ; so has quicklime, which is thus used : — Soak the seed in a warm mixture of 36 to 48 oz. of quicklime to 6 or 7 gallons of water. This is for 4^ bushels of wheat: the solution should be sufficient to cover the seed 3 or 4 finger-breadths deep, and it should lie iu it 24 hours. M. BorssiNGAULT has proposed to sprinkle the grain, first T(-ith water, then with a mixture of 10 parts of lime mth 1 of white arsenic. (This was with the double object of preserving the grain, and destroying a plague of field mice.) Sulphate of copper has seemed to give satisfactory results. It would be desir- able, however, to find an innocuous substitute, as traces of copper have been found in wheat grown from the steeped seed. This appears to have been discovered in the use of a solution of sulphate of soda ■\\-ith lime, which has proved more successful in France than either arsenic or sulphate of copper. [DoTEEE recommends for grain infested M'ith weevils, a small quantity of disulphide of carbon to be en- closed in a tight chamber with the grain ; in a few hours both the larvae and the eggs are killed, and the grain is not injured, as on exposure to air the disulphide qutckly evapo- rates.] See Slights, Remedies for. Wood, to Stain. 1. Malwgany colour {darh). Boil i 11). of madder and 2 oz. of logwood in a gallon of water ; and brush the wood well over with the hot liquid. Wlien dry, go over the whole with a solution of 2 drs. of pearlash in'a quart of water, 2. {Light.) Brush over the surface with diluted nitrous acid, and when dry apply the following with a soft brush : —Dragon's blood 4 oz., common soda 1 oz., methylated spirit 3 pints ; let them stand in a warm place, shaking frequently, then strain. Repeat the application until the proper colour is obtained. 3. {To Staid Maple a Mahogany colour.) Dragon's blood i oz., alkanet i oz., aloes 1 dr., spirit of wine 16 oz. Apply it with a. sponge or brush. 4. Rosewood. Boil 8 oz. of logwood in 3 pints of water 4G4 thade chemicals until reduced to lialf ; apply it boiliug hot two oi" three times, letting it dry between each. Afterwards put in the streaks with a camel-hair pencil dij^ped in a solution of copperas and verdigris in decoction of logwood. 5. Ebonij. Wash the wood repeatedly with a solution of sulphate of iron ; lot jt dry, then apply a hot decoction of logwood and nutgalls'.fov two or three times. When dry, wipe it with a wet sponge ; and when again di'y, polish with linseed oil. 6. Oak. Vandyke brown 2| oz., carbonate of ammonia 1 oz., bichromate of potash ^ oz., common soda \ oz., water 1 quart. Boil together for 6 or 8 minutes. — Phaem. JOUKNAIi. 7. To Stain Wood Red. Use a strong decoction of Brazil \vood and alum. [Woods may be stained with the various dyes before described. See Dyes.] A fine stain can be imparted to furniture made of beech or pine in a very simple manner. Dissolve 3 oz. of per- manganate of potash and 3 oz. of sulphate of magnesia in 2 quarts of hot water. Apply this to the surface of the wood with a brush, and repeat if necessary. The manganese salt is decomposed in contact with the fibre of the wood, and a fine permanent stain is produced. If the objects are small a more dilute bath can be prepared, and the wood immersed in it for one or five minutes, until it is thoroughly stained . — L aboeatoey. Yeast, Aetificiai. Honey 5 oz., cream of tartar 1 oz., malt 16 oz., water at 122° Y. 3 pints ; stir together, and when the temperature falls to 65° cover it up, and keep it at that temperature till yeast is formed. Yeast, Geejian. Ordinary beer yeast from which the moisture has been squeezed out by strong pressure. It is preserved in close vessels. Zixc, Ammonio-chloeide of. By dissolving equivalents of chloride of zinc and sal ammoniac, a crystallizable salt is formed, which dissolves oxides of copper and of iron, and is used in tinning or zincing those metals. Zinc, Amaigamated {for voltaic plates). Put a little mercury on the zinc jilate, and pour on it dilute sulphuric acid ; then rub the mercury over the surface by means of a piece of linen. Another method, which is said to give a MISCELLANEOUS PREPARATIONS 465 more permanent coating, is that of Mr. Waienn. Having cleaned the plates by emery, and by immersion in diluted sulphuric acid, and then in clean water, dip them into a mixtm-e of equal parts of a saturated solution of corrosive sublimate and a similar solution of acetate of lead ; then rub them with a sloth. Zinc, Platinized, for Dr. WrtgliVs Battery. Saturated solution of chloride of platinum \ dr., sulphuric acid 1^ drs., water 2 drs. Mix; di^J the zinc plates into the solution for a few seconds, and wasli them quickly. Zinc, Oxide of. It may be prepared from the purified sulphate, by precipitating it from a hot solution, by car- bonated or bicarbonated alkalies. It cannot be obtained pure by caustic ammonia. — M. J. Lefoet. Mr. Midgley prepares it on a large scale by the combustion of zinc in a muffle, heated by a furnace of peculiar construction j the zinc is introduced into the muffle from time to time, as the combustion proceeds; he is thus able to prepare one [or two hundi-edweights at a time, by a continuous process. Zinc, Ptxrification of. Granulate zinc by melting it, and pouring it while very hot into a deep vessel filled with water. Place the granulated vessel in a hessian crucible, in alternate layers, with one fourth its weight of nitre, with an excess of nitre at the top. Cover the crucible, and secure the lid; then apply heat. When deflagration takes place, i-emove fi'om the fire, separate the di'oss, and run the zinc into an ingot mould. It is quite free from arsenic. 30 APPENDIX. WEIGHTS AND MEASUEES. AroiEDtrpois Weight. (B. P.)* lb oz. Pound. Ounces, 1 16 1 grs. French Grains. Grammes. 7000 453-592 437-50 = 28-349 Other weights used are the ton, 20 hundredweight ; the hundredweight, 112 lbs. ; and the quarter, 28 lbs. Avoirdupois weights can be made available as substitutes for Ti-oy weights by bearing in mind that 42-5 grains added to the avoirdupois oiuice will make it equal to the Troy ounce, and that 1240 grains deducted from the avoirdupois pound will reduce it to the Troy pomid. Measuees OF Capacity. (B. P.) 1 Minim min. 1 Fluid Drachm fl. dr. = 60 minims. 1 Fluid Ounce fl. oz. = 8 fluid drachms, 1 Pint 0. 20 fluid ounces. 1 Gallon c. 8 pints. The old wine gallon was adojrted in the London Pharma- copoeia before 1836, and the DubUn Pharmacopoeia before 1850. Its use in this kingdom is no longer legal. Measubes of Length. (B. P.) 1 line = -^ inch. 1 inch = s^.-Ts^s seconds pendulum. 12 „ =1 foot. 36 „ =3 feet = 1 yard. Length of pendulum vibrating seconds of ") mean time in the latitude of London, m C 39-1393 inches, a vacuum at the level of the sea . . ) * The Duliliu College of Physicians ailoptcd the avoirdupois weight in then- last Pharmacopoeia (1850), but they divided the o?;. into 8 diacliins and the drachm into 3 scruples, as in Troy weight. 468 APPEIS^DIX Eelation of Measxjees to WEiGnis. (B. P.) 1 Minim is the measure of O'Ol grains o£ water, 1 Fluid Draclim „ 54-68 „ 1 Fluid Ounce „ 1 ounce or 437"5 „ 1 Pint „ 1-25 pounds or 8750-0 „ 1 Gallon „ 10 pounds or 70,000-0 To find the weight of any given measure of a liquid, mul- tiply the weight of the water it will contain by the specific gra\dty, water being 1-000. The weight of a gallon of any liquid, in avoird. lbs. and decimal parts, is at once seen from its density, merely removing the decimal point one place to the right. Thus, a gallon of etlier a1 ; -750 weighs 7-50 (7i) lb. A gallon of nitric acid at 1-500 weighs 15 lbs. Apothecaeies' Weight. (L. P.) ft 3 3 9 Gr. Minims Pound. Ounces. Drachms. Scruples. Grains. of water. 1 = 12 = 96 = 288 = 5760 = 6319-54 1 = 8 = 24 = 480 = 526-62 1 = 3 = 60 = 65-82 1 = 20 = 21-94 1 = 1-09 The Troy pennyweight, 24 grains, is not used in com- pounding medicines. Apothecaeies' MEAsrBE. C. 0. f§ f5 Congius. Octarii. Fluid Fluid in. Gi-ains of Gallon. Pints. Omices. Drachms. Minims, water. 1 = 8 = 160 = 1280 = 76800 = 70000 1 = 20 = 160 = 9600 = 8750 1 = 8 = 480 = 437-5 1 = 60 = 54-7 1 = 0-9 Imperial Measuee. — {Common Divisions). Quarter. Bushels. Pecks. Gallons. Quarts !. Pints. Gills. 1 = 8 = 32 = 64 = 256 = 512 = 2018 1 = -i. = 8 = 32 = 64 = 256 1=2= 8 16 = 64 1 = 4 8 = 32 1 2 = 8 1 = 4 APPENDIX 469 Weights and Measures of othee Countbies. The weii^lits and measures of the United States' Pharma- copoeia are derived from the Troy lb. and the old wine gallon, and are exhibited in the followins: table : The pound, lb.," The ounce, The drachm. The scruple, Weights. 'twelve ounces, 5. , . eiffht drachms, X. contains < ,," i ■^ three scruples, S. .twenty grams, gr. Measures. These are derived from the zoine gallon, and ai'e given in the following table with their signs annexed : The gallon, C, " The pint. The fluid ounce. The fluid drachm,. > contains * "eight pints, 0. .sixteen fluid omices, f 5. eight fluid drachms, f 5. sixty minims, in. At the temperature of 60^ F. a pint of distilled water weighs 7291"2 grains; a fluid ounce 455"7 grains. *^* The fluid ounce, O. M. = one fluid ounce imperial measure and 20 nx. The unit of the British India pouderary system is the tola, equal to 180 Troy grains. 32 tolas are equal ibj Troy. The maund is equal to 100 Troy ounces. In France the metrical or decimal system is now the only legal one. The following table shows the correspondence of the French metrical weights with English grains. Troy grains. Decagramme = 154'34 Hectogramme = 1543"40 Kilogramme = 15434'00 Myi-iagramme = 154340-00 The measures of capacity in Franco are multiples and di\'isions of the litre, which is the measure occupied by a kilogramme (15434 Troy grains) of distilled water at its greatest density. It exceeds the old Paris pinte by x'lth, and is equal to 35 fluid ounces and 103 minims, or 1'7608 imperial pints, or Gl"028 English cubic inches. 4J litres make an imperial gallon, withm about f3xij. Troy grams. Milligramme •0154 Centigramme ■1543 Decigramme ^ 1-5434 Gramme = 15-4340 470 APPENDIX The following table will sliow the relatioiiis between the litre and the imperial gallon of 277"2738 c. inches : Litres. Cubic Inches. Gall. Pts. Fl. 5 Fl. 5 Miu. j^inj = ^I™litre -061028 16-9 Tio== Centilitre -61028 2 49 -I- = Decilitre 6-1028 3 4 10-36 1 = Litre 61-028 1 15 1 43-69 10 = DecaUtre 610-28 2 1 12 1 16-9 100 = Hectolitre 6102-8 22 1 4 49 1000 = Kilolitre 61028- 220 16 6 40 10000 = Myrialitre 610280- 2201 (or 175| bushels). Frencli Measures of Length. The standard unit is the metre, equal to 39*871 English inches, or 1 yard, 3 inches, and ^^''^ths. The kilometre (1000 metres) is 4 fm-longs, 213 yards, 1 foot, 11 inches. The following are some of the weights and measures formerly used in France. The old French pound, tivre poids de marc, was equal to 489-5 gi-ammes, or 7561 Troy grains ; but the metrical pound, litre metrique, siibstituted for it in 1812, contained exactly 5000 grammes, or 7717 English grains. Both are now abolished. The following are their divisions : Livre. Once. Gros. Scrupl. Grs. Folds de Marc. Melrique. 1 16 128 384 9261 = grammes 489-5 500 1 8 24 576 = 30-6 31-25 1 3 72 = 3-824 3-90 1 24 = 1-274 1-30 1 = -053 -054 In the Paris Codex and medical works the grain is repre- sented by 0-05 gramme (5 centigrammes), 2 grains by O'l (1 decigramme) ; the half drachm by 2 grammes ; the drachm by 4 grammes ; and the ounce by 32 grammes. The old French measures used in pharmacy were — Other Commercial Measures. Litres. Litres. La Pinte = 0-931 8 Pintes (un velte) = 7-4.50 I^a Chopine = 0-466 13-97 (ancien boisseau) = 13-010 La demi-Setier = 0-;;3.3 298 = 1 muid = 268-230 Le Poissnn = 0116 570=1 tonueau d'Orleans, Le demi-Puisson = 0-038 ou 2 niuids = 530-440 (,L'io:ii Guibourt's ' Pharmacop(!c llaisoucc.) APPENDIX 471 Tlio litre, with its divisions and midtiplos, is the measure now used. It contains 1000 grammes of water; the number of grammes of other liquids corresponds with their specific gravity ; water being 1000. The former measures of length in France were the Toise = 1-9-19 metres, or 6-3945 English feet. Foot (pied) = 0-32484 metres = 12^785 Eng. inches. Inch (pouce) = 0-02707 metres, or 1-0654 Eng. inches. Line (ligne) or y\th of an inch = -002256 metres. The metre is equal to 3 ft. 11 lines old French measure, or 3 ft. 3-7 in. English. Other Foeeign Weights and Measures. 1. — Medicinal pounds of 12 ounces, in Mifflisli grains. ■ (From Jom'dan's ' Pharmacopee Universelle.') The following are divided as our Apothecaries' weight. * The pound of Austria weighs 6482-42 grains; Bavaria, 5556-24; Holland, 5787-75; Lubec, 5697-09; Nuremberg (German pound), 5522-96 ; Poland, 5533-25 ; Prussia, 5113-99; Sweden, 5498-01 ; Venice (Sottile), 4649-17. The di%'ision of the following differs in the scruple being divided into 24 grains. Bologna, 5026-32 ; Lucca, 5162-67 ; Modena, 5254-61 ; Parma, 5062-35 ; Portugal, 5312-23 ; Rome, 5233-25 ; Spain, 5325-84 ; Tuscany, 5240-49 ; Piedmont [Turin], 5123-49. The Naples pound contains 5490-63 Troy grains ; the ounce is divided into 10 drachms ; the scruple into 20 grains. 2. — Various Foreign Weights. The old Paris pound was di\aded into 16 ounces; the scruple into 24 grains. Its weight has been given above. The pound by which drugs are weighed in Turkey is the Tchegy, equal to 4957 English grains, and is divided into 100 drachms, each drachm into 16 killos, and each killo into 4 grains. The ohoJo is half a Spanish scruple; 3 silicua make 1 obolo, and 4 grains a silicua. A loth, iu Germany, Poland, &c., is half an ounce. 472 APPENDIX The commercial pound in several countries differs from the pharmaceutical. Tlie civil pound of Bavaria and mark of Vienna are each about 19| avoirdupois ounces. That of Holland is the French kilogramme, or 12 grains more than 2 lbs., 3^ oz. avoirdupois. The mark is half a kilogramme. The Coburg commercial pound is nearly 18 oz. avoirdupois. 3. — Foreign Measures. The Austrian mass or Jeanne is equal to 1'415015 litres, or 2\ imperial pints, within 40 minims. The Jcanna of Sweden = nearly 2"62 litres, or about 4 pints 12 ounces imperial. Eussian ponnd of water = 25'019 English cubic inches. The pott (half kanne) of Denmark = 0-9653 litre. The arroha of Spain = 16-073 litres. The almude of Portugal = 16-451 litres. The Prussian quart = 1-145 litre, or 1 qt. fl. dr. imp. The barile of Naples = 43-6216 litres ; of Rome, 58-5416 litres ; of Tuscany, 45-584 litres. Tlie wedro of Russia (10 stof or 30 Eussian pounds) = 12-29 litres, or 21 pints 12 oz. 12| drs, imperial. The mass of Wurtemburg = 1-537 litre, or about 3 pints 14J oz. imperial. Comparison of Therino metric Scales. To convert the degrees of Centigrade into those of Fahren- heit, multiply by 9, divide by 5, and add 32. To convert degrees of Centigrade into those of Reaumur, multiply by 4 and divide by 5. To convert degrees of Fahrenheit into those of Centrigrade deduct 32, multiply by 5, and divide by 9. To convert degrees of Fahrenheit into those of Reaumur, deduct 32, divide by 9, and multiply by 4. To convert degrees of Reaumur into those of Centigrade, multiply by 5 and di%'ide by 4. To convert degrees of Reaumur into those of Fahrenheit, multiply by 9, divide by 4, and add 32. In De Lisle's thermometer, used in Russia, the graduation begins at boiling-])oint, which is marked Zero, and the freezing-point is 150. APPENDIX 473 EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE. Degrees of i'alir. 2786 Cast iron molts (Dauiell). 2016 Gold melts (Daniell). 1996 Copper melts (Daniell). 1873 Silver melts (Daniell). 1750 Brass (containing 2oS of zinc) melts (Daniell). 1000 Iron bright cherry red (Poillet). 980 Red heat, visible in daylight (Daniell). 941 Zinc begins to burn (Daniell). 773 Zinc melts (Daniell). 644 Mercury boils (Daniell), 662 (Graham). 640 Sulphuric acid boils (Magrignac), 620 (Graham). 630 AAliale oil boils (Gi'aham). 617 Pui'e lead melts (Rudberg). 600 Linseed oil boils. 518 Bismuth melts (Gmelin). 442 Tin melts (Crichton). 380 Ai-senious acid volatilizes. 356 Metallic arsenic sublimes. 315 Oil of turpentine boils (Kane). 302 J3theritication ends. 256 Sat. sol. of acetate of soda boils. 257 „ sal ammoniac boils (Taylor). 248 „ nitric acid 1'42 boils, and sol. soda 1*44. 239 Sulphur melts (Miller), 226 (Fownes). 238 Sat. sol. of nitre boils. 221 „ salt boils (Paris Codex). 220 „ alum, carb. soda, and sulph. zinc boll. 218 „ chlorate and prussiate of potash boil. 216 „ sulph. of iron, sulph. of copper, nitrate of lead boil. 214 „ acetate of lead, sulph. and bitartrate of potash, boil. 213 Water begins to boil in glass (or 213'5). 212 Water boils in metal, barometer at 30°. 211 Alloy of 5 bismuth, 3 tin, 2 lead, melts. 201 „ 8 bismuth, 5 lead, 3 tin, melts (Kane). 207 Sodium melts (Regnault). 145 White of egg begins to coagulate. 4-74 APPEH^DIS 185 Nitric acid 1'52 begins to boil. 180 (about). Starch forms a gelatinous compound with water. 176 Ilectified spirit boils, benzol distils. 173 Alcohol (sp. gr. -796 to -800) boils. 151 Bees'- wax melts (Kane), 142 (Lepage). 150 Pyroxylic spirit boils (Scanlan). 141-8 Chloroform, and ammonia of '945, boil. 44-5 Potassium melts (Bnnsen). 132 Acetone (pyroacetic spirit) boils (Kane). 122 Mutton suet and styracin melt. 116 Bisulphuret of carbon boils (Graham). 115 Pure tallow melts (Lepage), 92 (Thomson). 112 Spermaceti and stearin of lard melt. Ill Phosphorus melts (Miller). 98 Temperature of the blood. 95 Ether (-720) boils. 95 Carbolic acid crystals become an oily liquid. 88 Acetous fermentation ceases, water boils in vacuo. 77 Vinous ferm. ends, acetous ferm. begins. 64-4 Oil of anise liqviefies. 59 Gay Lussac's Alcoometre graduated at. 55 Syrups to be kept at (P. L.). 30 (about). Olive oil becomes partially solid. 32 Water freezes. 5 Cold produced by snow 2 parts and salt 1 part. — 37'9 Mercury freezes. *^* Specific Gravities taken at 60° (B. P.). SPECIFIC GRAVITIES. 1. Solids. Water=VOOO. Platinum, 21-58; Gold, 19-34; Mercury, 13-590; Thalliinn 11-9; Lead, 11-350; Silver 10-500 ; Bismuth, 9-822 ; Cop per, 8-95 ; Cadmium, 8-604 ; Nickel, 8-82 ; Cobalt, 8-538 Iron, 7-844 ; Tin, 7-291 ; Zinc, 7-146 ; Antimony, 6-720 Aluminium, 2-56 ; Glass, 2-540 to 2-953 ; Sulphur, 1-990 Magnesium, 1-75 ;, Calcium, 1-58; Ilubidium, 1-52; Gum APPENDIX 475 arable, 1-355; Scammony, 1-210; Amber, 1-078; Resin, 1-072 ; Camphor (laurel), -996 ; Sodimii, -972 ; Bees'-wax, 962 ; Si^ermaceti, •9-i3 ; Caoutchouc, -933 ; Potassium, -865. 2. Liquids. Water = 1-000. Mercury, 13-590 ; Sulphuric acid, 1-854 ; Nitric acid (mono- hydrated), 1-517 ; Nitric acid, B., L., 1-420 ; Commercial nitric acid, 1-380 to 1-390; Double aqua fortis, 1-360; Single aqua fortis, 1-220; Hydi-ochloric acid (strongest), 1-210; Hydi-ochloric acid, B., L., 1-160; Solution of caus- tic potash, B., 1-058; Solution of ammonia, B., '959; Stronger solution of ammonia, B., -891 ; Saturated solution of alum, 1-033 ; Saturated solution of common salt, 1-200 ; Satm-ated solution of sulphate of copper, 1-150; Satiu-ated solution of sulphate of magnesia, 1-218 ; Sea- water 1-027 ; Milk, 1-032; Alcohol, B., -795; Rectified spirit, B., -838; Proof spirit, B., -920 ; Chloroform, B., 1-49 (not less than 1-480, Lond. ph.); Bisulphide of carbon, 1-272; Syrup, B. 1-330 ; Spirit of nitric acid, B., -845 ; Ether (pure), •720; Acetic ether, B., -910 ; Caoutchoucine, -680 ; Oil of turpentine, -876 to -869 ; Olive oil, -9175 ; Spermaceti oil, 8-75; Southern whale oil, -920; Almond oil, -917; Creasote, 1-046; Oil of ^\-ine, 1-05; Essential oil of anise, '985; of caraway -964; of cinnamon, 1-008; of cloves, 1-055; of cajeput, -925 ; of lemon, distilled, -847 ; of rosemary, -897 ; Tincture of sesquichloride of iron, '992. 3. Gases and Vapours. Atmospheric Air = 1-000. •981 ; Chlorine, 2-470 (2-421 Graham) ; Vapour of ether, 2-582; V. of water, -622; v. of sulphur at 900^ 6-617 (Graham) ; v. of i)hosphorus, 4-284 ; v. of iodine, 8-716. 476 APPENDIX TABLE OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS MENTION'ED IN THE BBITISH PHAEMACOPCEIA, WITH THEIR SYMBOLS AND EQUIVA- LENT NUMBERS. (From the B. P. 1867.) ELEMEXTAEY BODIES. SIMBOLS AND EQUIVALENTS. Aluminium Antimony (Stibium) . . . Old System. Al = 13-75 Sb = 122 As = 75 Ba = 68-5 Bi = 210 B = 11 Br = 80 Cd = 56 Ca = 20 C = 6 Ce = 46 CI = 35-5 Cr = 26-25 Cu = 31-75 Au = 1965 H = 1 I = 127 Fe = 28 Pb = 103-5 L = 7 Mg = 12 Mn = 27-5 Hg = 100 N = 14 0=8 P = 31 Pt = 98-5 K = 39 Ag = 108 Na = 23 S = 16 Sn = 59 Zn = 32-5 New Svstem. Al = 27-5 Sb = 122 As = 75 Ba = 137 Bi = 210 B = 11 Br = 80 Cd = 112 Ca = 40 C = 12 Ce = 92 CI = 35-5 Cr = 52-5 Cu = 63-5 An = 196-5 H = 1 I = 127 Fe = 56 Pb = 207 L = 7 Mg = 24 Mn = 55 Hg = 200 N = 14 = 16 P = 31 Pt = 197 K = 39 Ag = 108 Na = 23 S = 32 Sn = 118 Zn = 65 ! Hiiriuiii Bismuth Bromine Cadmium Calcium Carbon Cerium Chlorine Chromium Copper (Cuprum) Gold (Aiu-um) Hvdroo-en Iodine Iron ( Ferruni) Lead (Plumbum) Lithium Magnesium Manganese Mercury (Hydrai-gyrum) Nitrogen Oxv£2'en Phosphorus Platinum Potassium (Kalium) ... Silver ( Argentum) Sodium (Natrium) Sulphur Tin(Stannuni) Zinc APPENDIX 477 Composition, Equivalent Numbers, and Formulce of some of the more important Compounds employed in Pharmaci/ and the Arts. [Fractions are omitted.] Old System. New System. Acetone Acid, Acetic (anhy- drous) — Arsenious — Arsenic — Benzoic ■ — Boracic (auliy- drous) Crys — Carbolic — Carbonic — Chromic — Citric (dry) (crystals) — Hydrochloric — Hydrocyanic — Hydrosulphuric... — Iodic — Nitric sp. gr. 1-5 — Oxalic (anhydrous) Crys — Phosplioric — Sulphuric — — bydrated — Tartaric, Crys Alcohol — Amylic Alumina Alum FormulEB. Equiv. .... 29 C4H3O3 (or A) 51 AsO, 99 AsO. 115 C,,lL 0,110 132 BO, CO2 CrOa CjoHsOi, ... C, 5II0 XT pi CoN H'(o'r"HCy)'!! HS IO5 NO5 NO5, HO^ C^O^iorO) C2O3, 3H0 PO, SO, Cs H, 0,„ 2H0 1C,H,,0, Ammonium Amidogen Ammonia — Hydroclilorate * — Sulphate, crys. ... — Carbonate Amy], Nitrite AI2, O3, 3 (SO3) ; KO, SO3 + 24HO NH^ NH, NH3 NH3, HCl NH3, SO3, HO 2NH4 0,'3C02 Cioll„0,N03 35 62 94 22 51 165 210 37 27 17 167 54 63 36 63 71 40 49 150 46 88 53 474 18 16 17 54 66 118 117 FormulcE. Equiv. .... 58 C,H,0^ 102 As^ 0, 198 B^O^ 70 HB 02,11,0 63 EC^H^O~ 94 C On 44 <7i,tf,oO„ , 330 H^CsH^ 0.j,R. 0... 210 HCl .": 37 HCl/ 27 H.,S 34 /a O3 334 " ' 108 HNO. 63 C2O3 73 H^C^O^^^H^O 126 ~ " 143 SO, 80 H^C^H^Oe 150 C^H^O 46 103 K, Jl (504)2 12 HO2 474 NH^ 18 NE2 16 NH:, 17 NH^Cl 54 (NH^)2S0^ 1.32 ^4. ^16 C3 Os 336 Cj/r,, AO2 117 * Ammonium Chloride. 478 APPENDIX Antimony, Teroxide . — Tersiilph — Potassio-tartrate . Atropia Baryta — Carbonate — Siilpliate Barium, Cliloride ... Bismutli, Oxide — Subnitrate Borax Cadmium, Iodide ... Calcium, Chloride ... crys — Oxide (Lime) Cerium, Oxalate CUoral, Hydrate Chloroform Cinchouia Copper, Oxide — Dinoxide — Sulphate (auhyd.) crys — Witrate — Acetate, crys Cyanogen " Ether — Acetic Ethyl Glycerine Gum Iron, Protoxide — Black Oxide — Peroxide — Chloride — Perchloride — Iodide — Sulphate (anhyd.) crys Lead, Acetate, crys. — Protoxide — Carbonate — Iodide — Chloride — Sulphate — IS'itrate, crys Lime, Carbonate — Hydrate — Hypophosphite ... Old Sistem. PormulsB. Equiv. SbO, 146 Sb S3 .^. 170 KO, Sb O3, T, 3 HO 343 C34H23NO6 289 BaO 77 BaO, CO, 99 BaO, SO, 117 BaCl 104 BiOj 234 BiOs.NOs.SHO 306 Na 6, 2 bOs, 10 HO 191 Cdl 183 CaCl 58 CaCl, 6H0 110 CaO 28 CeO, C. 0. + 6H0... 234 C, HCI3O2, 3H0... 166 C2HCI3 120 CsnIIisNO 154 CuO 40 CU2O 72 CuO, SO3 80 CuO, SO3, 5 HO 125 CuO, K_Oi 94 CuO, A, HO 100 CaNCorCy) 36 C.H^O 37 C^H, O, C^HjOs... 88 C,H, 29 C.HgOe 93 CuHuOi, 171 FeO 36 Fc■JO^ 116 FeaOj 80 FeCl'. 64 Fe2Cl3 163 Fel 155 FeO, SO, 76 Fe 0,803,7 HO 139 PbO, A, 3H0 190 PbO 112 PbO, CO, 134 Pbl 231 PbCl 140 PbO, SO, 152 PbO, NO5 166 CaO, CO2 50 CaO, HO 37 CaO, PO, 2 HO 85 New Sistem. Pormulse. Equiv. Sb^Oi 292 Sb^Ss 340 K,SbO,C.E^O^,E^O 843 C\jH,,NO, 289 BaO'. 153 BaCO^ 197 BaSO^ 233 Ba C/^ .; 208 Bi.2 O3 468 Bi 0,N03,H2 306 iV^fla 0,2 7^2(33,10/^2 383 Cdii 366 Ca CU Ill CaClleiloO 219 CaO " 56 ^^2 04,37^2 234 a, H CL 0,11,0 166 CnCh 120 C^^H^^N^O 308 CuO 79 Cti^O 143 CuSO^ 159 CziSO^, hH^O 349 Cu (^03)2 188 Cii,2CiE30.i,H^O... 200 CN{orCy) 26 C,H,^0 74 C^H,C,H.O, 88 C.H^ 29 Cs-ffsOa 92 C1.2H.22Ou 343 FeO 73 Fe^Ot 233 i^.?2 03 160 FeCl2 127 Fe^Cle 325 Fel.2 310 FeSO^ 153 FeS0^,7Hf,0 278 Pb.ic^H^o^h.^'ii^o ?,n PbO 233 FbCO^ 267 Pbl-i 461 P4«2 278 PbSO^ 303 Pb {NO^li 331 Ca CO3 100 CaH^Oo 74 CaZPU^Oi 170 APPENDIX 479 Lime, Sulphate — Phosphate (bone- earth) Lithia, Carbonate ... Maguesia — Carbonate — Sulphate (anhyd.) crys Manganese, Binoxide — Chloride — Sulphate Mannite *Mercur}', Chloride (Subchluride, B.) — IJichloride (Per- cliloride, B.) — Protoxide — Binoxide* — Iodide — Biniodide — Ammonio- chloride — iS'itrate (Proto-)... — Sulphate — Bisulpliurett Morphia — Acetate, crys — Hydrochlorate, ( crys \ Platinum, chloride ... — Animonio-chloride Potash (auhyd.) — Hydrate — Acetate — Carbonate — Bicarbonate, crys. — Chlorate — Chromate — Bichromate — Nitrate — Sulphate Potasli,Bisulph.,crys. Old System, Formulee. Equiv. CaO, SOg 68 3CaO, PO5 155 LO, CO, 32 MgO...' 20 (i\rg 0,003)3; MgO; 5 HO 191 MgO, SO, 60 Mg 0, SO3, 7 HO ... 123 MuO, 44 MnCl 63 MnO, SO3 76 CsH^Oe 91 HgCl 236 HgCl, 371 HgO." 208 HgOa 216 Hgl 327 Hgia 454 Hg, CI, NH3 252 HgO, NO5 263 Hg03,3S03 296 IlgS, 232 C34H"j3K06,2_HO... 303 C31 H,9 NOg, A, HO 345 C34 "19 NOe, H CI, BlIO 376 PtClo 170 PtClj, JIHs, HCl... 223 KO 47 KO,HO 56 KO, A 98 KO, CO2 69 KO, 3 CO.,, HO 100 KO, ClOs": 123 KO, Cr O3 98 KO, 3Cr03 148 KO, NO5 101 KO, SO3 87 KO, HO, 3 SO3 136 New System. Formulse. Equiv. CaSO^ 136 Cffs (POi)^ 310 iaCOj 74 311/0 40 (3fffCOs)s,MaO,hHkO 382 3I(/S0. 120 3J(/SO^,7HoO 246 3In O2 ~. 87 3InCl2 126 3fa SO. 151 CetluOs 182 Hf/Cl 236 Hr/Cl.2 271 Bff,0 416 ifqO 216 %/ 327 Hff I., 454 NH{,U(i,Cl 252 Hrj (N6^\ 262 Ef/SOi 296 n'fi S 232 (■;.,ifi9iV03, FjO... 303 Ci- ff,9 NO^, Ca H^ 0, 345 (?„ Z/jo W03, n CI, ■6H.,0 376 PtCI. 339 (H^NCl)i,PlCh ... 446 K..0 94 KUO 56 KCiH^O, 98 7^2 CO3 ..." 138 KHUOn, 100 KCIO.^. 123 K, CrO^ 195 KoO{CrO^\ 295 KNO^ 101 K^SO^ 174 KESOi 136 * Mr. Brande adopted 100 as the equivalent of mercury, with Dr. Kane and others, and the B. P.; but we have here retained the old equivalents of Phillips. f Mercuric oxide. % Mercuric sulphide. 480 APPEJTDIX Potasli, Tartrate — Bitartrate — Permaugauate ... Potassium, bromide . — Cliloride — Iodide Quiuia — Disulphate, crys. . — N antral sulpliate . Santonin Silver, O.nde — Cliloride — Iodide — Cyanide — Nitrate Soda — Carbonate (exsic- cat.) crys — Bicarbonate — Sulphate (anhyd.) crys — ■ Phosphate — Potassio-tartrate, crys S dium, cliloride ... Starch Strychnia Sugar, Cane Sugar of Milk Water — Oxygenated Zinc, o.xide — Carbonate — Sulphate — Chloride Old SisTEM. Formulae. Equiv. 3K0^ 226 KG, T, HO 188 KG, MnoG, 158 KBr 119 KCl 75 KI 166 CaoHiaKOaSHO... 189 3(C2oHioN02), SOj, 8 HO 436 Cso Hi2 NO2, SO3. 8 HO 274 CaoHjgOe 246 AgO 116 AgCl 144 Agl 235 AgCy 134 AgO, NO5 170 iNaO 31 ^80,002 53 NaG, CO2, lOHO ... 143 Na0,2C02, 110 84 NaO, SO3 71 NaO,SG.„10HO ... 161 2 NaO, i'G5,25HO . 358 NaO,KO, f, 8 HO 282 NaCI 59 Ci2H,oOio 162 C^2ll22 0^N2 334 Cx2H„0ii 171 0^112,024 360 HO 9 HOa 17 ZnO 41 ZnO, COo 63 ZnO, S03,7HO 144 ZnCl 68 New System. Formulae. Eqiiiv. S^C^H^O^ 226 KEC^H^O^ 188 KMhO^ 158 KBr 119 KCl 75 KI 166 C20 ^24 -^^2 O2, 3 ffjO 378 (^'20 ^2* -^2 Oi\, U^ S0^,^ H^O 873 C20 U^ N2 O2, H^ S0^,1 H^O 548 CisS^Os 246 Jg^O 232 Af/ CI 144 Jff I 235 Jff Cy 134 ^<7iVC»3 170 I^a^O 63 iVa, CO3 ^a^ CO^, 10 U^ 106 Ka^SO^ 142 A'flj 5O4, 10 /^a ... 323 KaKCiiriOs,'iH2 282 KaCl 59 Ceir,„0, 163 C21 B22N2 O2 334 C12 ■022 0,1 342 Ci2^u0,g 360 i;0 ....1 18 H2O2 34 ZnO 81 Zn CO.J, 125 ZiiSOiJE^O 287 ZnCh 136 APPENDIX 481 Table of the Neutralizing Proportions of some of the Acids and Alkaline Carbonates, omitting minute fractions. The best commercial preparations are intended. "2 J 1 O OS n't-, o o CO . . O O . Cm O < o '5 < o •^ OS i &^ 11 J= o So M H i3 i 5 ■S 5 1 = Grs. Grs. Grs. Grs. Grs. Grs. Grs. Grs. 10 9i H 19 11 13^ 61 8i lOi lOi 10 2* 20i 12 m 7 8i IH 13 12 n 25 144 17i 8i 10 13i 15 14 u 29 17 20J 9i 12 16 15i 14^ 3i 30 I7i 21 10 12i 16i 18 17 4 341 20 24i lU 14 19 20 18i 4i 38i 22^ 27 121 15i 21 20^ 19 4i 40 23 27^ 13 16 21i 26 24 5i 50 29 35 16i 18i 27 27 25 5| 52 30 36 17 21 28i 32 30 7 61 36 43 20^ 25 334 36 33^ 7| 69 40 48^ 23 28 38 47 44 lOi 1 90 52^ 63 30 37 49i 52 m lU 100 58 70 33 41 55 62 58 13i 120 69 84 40 49 654 73 68 154! 140 82 98 46i 57 77 75 70 16i 144 84 101 48i 59 79 90 84 19i 172 101 121 574 71 944 92 86 20 177 103 124 59 72 97 100 93 21| 192 112 134 64 78 1054 108 100 23J 206 120 145 69 84 113 180 168 39i 344 202 242 115 141 190 We have estimated the equivalent of carhoiiate of potash (Potassa3 carbonas of the London PharmacoiJCEia), and of carbonate of soda, at 84 each. Mr. Phillips makes the former 83"5; but '5 may be allowed for impurity and extra moisture : the (sesqui-) carbonate of soda he makes 83. but the composition of the best commercial specimens approaches nearer to the bicarbonate, which is 85. 3 482 APPENDIX Table of the Eel at ion hetioeen the Princij^al Areometers for Liquids lighter than Water. [Tlie first five columns are from SoUBEiRAN.tlielast from Dr. Ciiristison and Mr. Redwood. Tlie degrees of Gay-Lussac's alcoliometer indi- cate tlae per-centage by measure of pure alcoliol ; but are not quite e.vact as here given, tlie fractions being neglected.] Baum6. Cartier. Pharm. Batava. Specific Gavity. Gay- Lussac. Sykea. Under proof. lo- 10- lOOO 100 ll 10-92 1 993 5 S3-6 12 11-84 3 987 10 83-5 13 12-76 3 979 17 73-5 14 13-67 4 973 23 62 15 14-59 5 966 29 61 16 16-51 6 960 34 42 17 16-43 7 953 39 82 18 17-35 8 947 43 25 19 18-26 9 941 47 20 30 19-18 10 935 50 14 21 20-10 11 929 53 8 22 21-02 12 923 66 3 Over proof. 23 21-94 13 917 59 2 24 22-85 14 911 61 7-5 25 23-77 15 905 64 11-5 26 24-69 16 900 66 15 27 25-61 17 894 69 20 28 26-53 18 888 71 25 29 27-44 19 883 73 28-5 30 28-38 20 878 75 32 31 29-29 21 872 77 38 32 30-31 22 867 79 41 33 31-13 23 862 81 44 34 32-04 24 857 83 45-5^ 35 32-96 25 852 84 48 36 33-88 26 847 86 61 37 34-80 27 842 88 54 38 35-72 28 837 89 56-5 39 36-63 29 832 91 69 40 37-65 30 827 92 61-5 41 38-46 31 823 93 42 39-40 32 818 94 43 40-31 33 813 96 44 41-23 34 809 97 45 42-14 35 804 98 46 43-06 36 800 99 47 4319 37 795 100 46 44-90 38 791 Specific Gravities cor. Areometer/or Liq poeia Batava.] APPENDIX responding tvitJi the De(/r aids heavier than ivater Sp. SI'- Degrees '. 1000 39 .. ... .. 1007 40 .. .. 1014 41 .. .. 1022 42 .. .. 1029 43 .. .. 1036 44 .. .. 1044 45 .. .. 1052 46 .. .. 1060 47 .. .. 1067 48 ., .. 1075 49 .. .. 1083 50 .. .. 1091 51 .. .. 1100 52 .. .. 1108 53 .. .. 1116 54 .. .. 1125 55 .. .. 1134 56 .. .. 1143 57 .. .. 1152 58 .. .. 1161 59 .. .. 1171 60 .. .. 1180 61 .. .. 1190 62 .. .. 1199 63 .. .. 1210 64 .. .. 1221 65 .. .. 1231 66 .. .. 1242 67 .. .. 1252 68 .. . . 1261 69 .. .. 1275 70 .. .. 1286 71 .. .. 1298 72 .. .. 1309 73 .. .. 1321 74 .. .. 1334 75 . .. 1346 ' 76 ... .. 1359 483 ■eesofViXv^K's . — [I'hai'iuaco- Sp. £cr' 1372 1384 1398 1412 1426 1440 1454 1470 1485 1501 1516 1532 1549 1566 1583 1601 1618 1637 1656 1676 1695 1715 1736 1758 1779 1801 1823 1847 1872 1897 1921 1946 1974 2000 2031 2059 2087 2116 INDEX. Olserve : For Medicines for Horses, Cattle, S^"c., see the Veterinary Index at tie end. PACK xVbkrnkthy's Pills . 164 Abenictliy Biscuits . 289 Arct -fe of alumina . 304 iron . 305 lime . 305 of amylene . 351 soda . 305 Acclicacid . 305 |ipifiimes 224 fumijialion ■ 3G3 Acetimi-try . 305 Acid, acetic . 305 carlionic . 365 chloric . .■306 cliromic . 306 riniiamic . 306 llnnvii- . 306 liippuric . 307 iodic . 307 muriatic . 307 nitric . . 307 iiitro-liydrocUlonc . 307 oxalic . 307 phosphoric . 308 pyrogallic . 308 salicylic . 309 sulphuric . 308 sulphuric, dry . oOS sulphurous . . 309 tannic . . 309 Acidin-.etry . 310 Acids for f;alvanic battel ies . 309 Acids and alkaline carh onates, table of the neutralisi ng pro- portions of some . .481 FAGE A.cidulated kali 274 effervescing powders . 275 lemonade 273 lemonade powder 274 syrup of raspberries 277 syrup of strawberries 277 .A.ctou'3 solution for baldness 213 /Egyptiacum 97 Aerated ebalylicafe 208 . ginger-beer 270 ginger-beer powders 271 lemonade 273 lemonade powders 274 orangeade 274 orangeade powder 275 sherbet . 274 sherbet powder 275 waters . . 303- -207 walers, chalybeate 208 lithia water 204 magnesia water 203 saline waters 204 Ague drops 164 Aix-la-Chapelle water 208 Albespeyres paper 194 Albuminous size 310 Alcohol 310 Alibert's cosmetic 233 Alkalimetry 310 Alkaline lotion for the month 264 Alkaline solution, Brandisli's 170 Alloys, various . 311 Almmniflavour . . 295 paste . . 234 powder . 835 486 INDEX. PAGE Almond lionev paste . . 235 soap . . . 238 bloom . . . 237 Alum . . . . 312 mordants . . 346 Aluminium, fi'osted . . 313 l)rou7,e . . . 313 Amalgams . . 311—312 for teeth . . 266 Amalgamated ziuc . . 464 Amadou . . . 313 American shampoo . . 244 tooth-powder . . 256 Ammonia, carbonate . . 313 sulphate . . 313 Ammoniacal gas. . .365 Ammoniated perfumes . 223 Eau de Cologne . . 223 Anatomical preparations, to pre serve Anchovies, essence paste Anderson's pills Angelica, spirit of Animal cliarcoal Animals, to preserve Anuotto, purified solution Anodyne necklaces Auti-attrition Antibilious pill* Antiferment Antipertussis Antiscorbutic elixir Antiseptic tooth-powder Antispasmodic drops, Grindrod's Aperient pills, various Apothecaries' measure weight . Apparatus, luting for Aqua cosmetica fortis Aquarium, marine, salts for Arabine Arbor Pianfc Argentum musivum Armenian cement Aromatic pastils Aromatic tooth-powder Aromatic vinegar . 165, Arquebusade (acid) aromatic Arrow-root . 314 298 298 164 217 334 314 314 315 165 315 165 315 165 262 256 185 165 468 468 333 231 315 315 316 316 316 329 228 256 224 165 213 279 PAGE Artificial manure 398 sea- water . 315 Asiatic tooth-powder 256 Asses' milk, artificial 280 Atkinson's infant preservative 166 Atropine paper 166 Aurum musivum . 316 Australian moss . 282 Avoirdupois weight 467 table for converting into Troy . 467 Axle-grease . 315 Azote, or nitrogen 367 Azure blue . 424 Bachek's pills . 167 Baden water . 204 Baking powder . 167 Bailey's itch ointment 167 Baillie's pills 167 Balaruc water 207 Baldwin's phosphorus 316 Baldness, cures for . 241- -243 BalmofGilead . 167 of Kakasiri . 167 Balls, ash 317 blacking 317 breeches 317 camphor . 235 for copying . 317 wash . 239 heel . 317 scouring 817 furniture 317 Balsam of honey 186 of horehound 182 Bancroft's solution of tin 347 Bandoline . 251 Barclay's pills 167 Barejies water . 208 Bai-egian balls 167 Barium, peroxide of 317 Bark, essential salts of 167 Barker's tooth-tincture 167 Barley water 280 Earth's green 427 Baryta, chlorate of 336 Baster's farina . 285 Bate's eye-water 168 anodyne balsam 168 Batis' un'giiciilum cri«iscii-ai 243 Bateman's dr«i«s 167 itch ointment 168 INDEX. 487 Bathing spirits Biith digestive pills lozenges Battley's senna powder Baume de vie Baynton's plaster Bean flower water Bear's grease factitious green Beavan's cholera remedy BccoMir's arsenical soap Beddoe's pills Bclloste's pills . Beef tea Beer, ginger spruce . treacle Beetle wafers p 168, poisou Bell metal . Bengal chitni Benzine coUas Benzol Benzoline Bestuchelf's nervous tincture Betton's British oil Bewley's chalybeate Beverages Bird-lime Biscuits, Abernethy aperient meat sponge . Bismuth wliite . Bisulphide of carbon Bistre . Black, Brunswick .draught drop flux ink dyes japan oils reviver . Blacking ball liquid . ))aste for harness Blacking without polishing patent India rubber 1C9 AGE ! 182 168 I 168 168 168 168 210 243 246 246 17-i 446 168 169 286 270 376 276 318 317 311 294 318 318 318 318 169 169 169 270 318 289 169 287 289 237 318 424 326 169 169 356 379 346 321 87 321 320 319 320 320 320 820 Blaine's distemper powder Blake's toothache remedy Blanc-mange Bleaching of oils of wax liquid . Blights, remedies for Blistering paper tissue Blue for linen ink pigments Prussian smalts and azure . TurnbuU's . verditer, &c. Bochet's syrup . Boerhaave's odontalgic Boilers, to prevent incrustation in Bones, sulphated Bookl)inders' stains . Boot powder Boot-top liquid Boots, to render waterproof Borax, glass of Borated tincture of myrrh Bories' odontalgic Bottle eenient Boudct's depilatory . Braden's farina . Brando's toothache tincture ink Brandish's alkaline solution Brass . Brazil paper Bread, ai?rated . unfermented gluten Breakfast powder Bright's nutritious farina . Brighton green Britliantine Brine for pork British herb tobacco oils Brodum's cordial Brocchieri's styptic Broma . Bronze (alloys) for tiguri'S . powder Bronzing liquids i ■P4.GE 169 . 265 . 283 . 404 . 463 . 321 . 321 169 . 169 . 323 . 383 . 424 . 431 . 424 . 431 . 424 . 170 . 205 '. 323 . 323 . 324 . 324 . 323 . 458 . 370 . 263 . 263 . 331 . 255 . 385 . 265 . 381 . 170 . 311 . 447 . 287 . 388 . 290 . 285 . 385 . 426 . 250 . 303 . 170 . 170 . 170 . 170 . 284 . 311 . 324 . 324 . 324, 488 INDEX. PAGE PAGE Bronzing ball , . 325 Cartwright's tooth-powder . 257 pastes . 325 Case-liardening powders . 328 Brosse de corail . 326 Cassareep . . 299 Browning for gun-barrels . 326 Castillon's powders . . 171 Brngnatelli's fulminating silver 360 Castor-oil pomade . 247 Brunswick black . 326 Catsup, mushroom . 298 green. . . 426 walnut . . 298 Bug poison . 326 Cattle's hair dye . 953 Bullock's semola . 285 Caustic foi- corns . 176 Burnett's (Sir W.) disinfecting Cayenne, soluble . 295 fluid . 170 essence . 296 Butter of antimony . . 327 Celery, essence of . 296 to preserve . . 327 Cements, various 329-334 Butyric ether . 327 Armenian . 329 Cabbage paper . . . 447 for apparatus . 333 Cacliou aromatis6 . 229 Cement, lottle . .. . 331 Cadet's tooth-powder . 256 cap . 331 Cajeput liniment . 171 coppersmith's . 331 Calvert's disinfecting pow ler . 343 curd . 330 Camphine . 327 diamond . 329 Camphor, artificial ball . 327 engineer's . 331 . 235 for cracks in iron . 331 fluid . 193 for India rubber . 332 ice . 235 for jewels . 329 liniment . . 171 for leather and metals . 332 wasliballs . 241) liquid . 330 Camphorated chalk . . 257 for marble . 330 tooth-powder . 257 French . 333 Candies . 327 hydraulic . 331 Candy, caraway . 191 Maissiatt's . . 333 live-long . 191 oxychloride of zinc . S31 Cant haridin blister . 328 Roman . 331 Canton's i)hosphorus . 328 shell-lac . 329 Caoutchouc, solvents for . 441 soft . 333 Cap cement . 331 for teeth, various 266, 269 Capillaire synip . 276 for wood, porcc ain, and limoniated . . . 277 glass . 330 Capsule;, gelatinous . . 328 for fixing labels to tin . 333 Caraway candy . . 191 Singer's . 330 essence of . 296 Turner's . 331 Carbon, see Charcoal . 334 Cephalic snuff . . 171 writing ink . 385 Ceylon moss jelly • 281 bisulphide of . 318 Chalybeate, I'almer's lerated . 194 Carbonic acid gas . 365 waters . . 208 oxide . 366 Chamberlaine's pills . ,171 dentifrice . 257 Chameleon mineral . 335 Carburetted hydrogen . 366 Chamomile pills . . 171 Carlsbad water . 205 drops . . 171 Carmine . 422 Chapman's wheat flour . . 2S5 Carminative, Dalby's . . 177 Charcoal, animal . 334 Caralielli's toolli-powder 257 alumiuized . . 334 Carron oil . . 171 from coal tar . 334 Cartliamine 12 vegetable , , 334 INDEX. 489 PAGE Cliarcoal tooth-powder 257 tooth-paste 261 Chelsea pensioner 171 Cheltenham salts 171 Cheniic hlue 335 Chemical elements, tahle of 476 Cherry paste for teetli 261 Chevallier's liair dye . 252 Chilblains, remedies for . 171 172 Chinese depilatory 255 Clang's lozenges " 172 Cliirayta pills 174 Chitni, Bengal . 294 Chloralum . 335 Chlorate of baryta 335 of potash .335 Chloride of lime 335 potash 336 soda 336 Chlorine gas 366 fumigation . 360 lozenges 230 Clilorodyue 172 Chloroform 336 Chocolate and cocoa 283 Cholera, remedies for 173 Chromate of lead . 425 of potash 336 Chrome red, &c. 425 yellow 425 Chromic acid 306 Cinnamic acid . 306 Cinnamon, essence of 296 water . 210 tincture of . . 296 Circassian cream 247 tooth-powder . 257 Citrate of magnesia . . 174 Clichoe moulds 311 Clothes, powder to keep moths from . 337 Glutton's febrifuge . 174 Coathupe's writing fluid . 385 Cochineal colouring . 337 lake . . 423 liquid . 396 Cochrane's cough mixture . 174 Cod-liver,Soyer's preparations o f 292 with cod roe . 292 and potatoes . 292 and rice . 292 and tapioca . 292 preparations of . . 292 Cod-liver oil sauce Colfee, dandelion Cold cream granulated . Collier's wine of quinine PAGE . 293 . 177 . 233 . 234 • 174 CoUins's disinfecting powder . 34^2 Collodion . . . 337 elastic . . 337 styptic . . . 174 Colours for maps . . 340 for confectioners . . 340 for druggists' show bottles . 338 liqueurs . . 340 liquid . . . 340 vehicles for . . 340 Coloured fires ■. . . 353 flames . . 354 coloured flame papers . 354 Colouring lor brandy, &c. . 340 Comparison of thermometric scales . . . 472 Composition for electro-moulds 350 Condiments, various . 293 Condy's fluid . . . 340 Consuniptidii, remedies for . 175 Copaiva, solution of . . 199 Copper, black and red oxide . 340 nitrate of . . . 341 Coral dentifrice . . 257 tooth-paste . . . 261 Corns, caustic for . • 176 plasters . . . 175 plasters, mechanical . 175 solvents for . . 175 Cosmetics, hair . . 241 skin . . . 231 teeth . . . 256 for cliappcd nipples . 189 Cosinettqnes, in sticks for hair . 254 Cottereau's toothache drops . 265 Cotton, gun . . . 375 Cough lozenges . . 191 linctus . . . 175 Court plaster . 176, 377 Crayons, lithographic . 387 "for writing on glass . . 341 Cream, Circassian . . 247 cold . . . 233 lemon . . . 233 wash-balls . . . 2t0 Crystalline cream . . 247 castor-oil pomnde . . 247 Cucumber pomade . . 233 490 INDEX. PAGE Culinary essences 395, 296 Currant jelly . . 378 Curry powder . . 393, 291- Custard powder . . 291 JJaity's elixir . . . 176 Daguerreotype plates . 427 Dalby's carminative . . 177 Palilia test . . . 450 Dandelion coffee . . I77 Darby's oils . . . 88 Darcet's lozenges . . I77 Dawson's lozenges . . 177 De Iliindel's toothache paste . 366 Delamott's golden drops . 177 Denham's food . . 285 Dentifrices, various • 256—260 Deodorizing fluid, Ellerman's . 34?, Depilatories, various . Derbyshire's embrocation Deschamps' tooth-powder Desforges' tooth-powder ex-tract of pellitory Detergent tootb-powder . Deutoxide (peroxide)of hyd: Dextrin Diapente Diam(Jud cement Diastase Dictamia Dietetic articles Digestive pills . Dinnef9rd's fluid magnesia Dinner pills . Disinfectants Disinfecting fluid, Burnet' Ellerman's Ledoyen's compounds Distemper powders, Blaine Dixon's pills . Dover's powders Drayton's silvering proccs Drinks, summer Dryers, for painters . Drying oil Dubbing, curriers' Duflin's Harrogate salts Duncan's lacfuc. lozenges II. ext. of senna Duncan's gout remedy Dupasqnier's gaseous water Dupuytren's eyo-salvc pomade " ; Irogen 255 177 358 258 263 258 i66 341 . 65 . 329 . 341 . 284 279—291 . 178 . 204 . 178 . 343 . 343 . 342 . 342 . 342 s . 169 . 178 . 178 . 373 . 270 . 343 . 343 . 343 . 180 . 178 . 178 . 178 ■ . 309 . 178 I 341 Dutch drops Dyers' eomi)ound3 Dyes, various for the hair for ivory for wood Dyon's tooth-paste Earache, simple cure for Easton's tonic syrup Eaton's styptic Eau d'ambre d'ange . de Bottot de bouquet des carmes de Cologne coUante dentifrice de Stahl d'Egypte f d'elegance . d'hfiliotrope de javelle d'Ispalian de luce de marescliale de miel de inillefleurs de magnanimite mcdicinale d'Husson de O'Mcara Eau de Naphre . de Portugal Komaine de Babel sauspareille de Rosiercs de Mdme. Vrilliore Ebony pomatum Edinburgh lozenges . ointment Effervescing aperient citrate of magnesia powders lemonade powder orangeade orangeade powder sherbet sherbet powders sedative. chalybeate water Seidlitz powders Eger water . , PAGE . 178 . 344 344—346 . 253 . 394 . 463 . 261 INDEX. 491 Eggs, to preserve EUlerflower water Electric tissue . Electro-gilding solutions for brassing bronzing coppering silvering Electrotype moulds solutions Electuary, Mahomed's Elixir, Daffy's de Garus and Haller's Radclitl'e's of roses Squire's Stougliton's . for the teeth of vitriol Ellerman's deodorizing fluid Emerald green . Ems water . Embrocation, Roche's Embrocations for the hair Emulsions, cosmetics Engraving, liquid on glass Engravings, to clean . Engraver's varnish Epicurean sauce Equivalents, table of Ervalenta . Eschalot wine Esprit de suave rose, &c. Essence of ambergris . anchovies d'ambrette . of bark . of bitter almonds Cambrian of caraway . of cayenne cedrat of celery chamomile . cinnamon, cloves, &c, of clove pink Cologne cubel)s flavouring Ringer PAGE . 349 . 310 . 349 . 369 . 869 . 349 . 349 . 350 . 439 . 350 . 443 . 192 . 176 . 180 . 196 . 263 . 199 . 300 . 264 . 180 . 179 . 426 . 205 . 197 241—244 . 231 . 351 . 370 . 350 . 457 . 299 . 476 . 285 . 297 . 215 . 216 . 219 . 298 . 218 . 180 . 295 303 296 296 230 296 180 296 220 220 180 ■:9C 180 Essence of heliotrope honeysuckle hovenia jargonelle pears jessamine jonquil Madden's magnolia mignonette moss rose . myrtle . musk mustard peppermint . pennyroyal patchouli of pine-apple of rennet of roses roudoletia . royale . of sarsaparilla for scentnig pomatums for smelling bottles sweet briar sweet pea of Tyre of vanilla of verbena ofvetiver of violets Westphaliau white lilac Essences, culinary cone, infusions vinous perfumed . 219 Etching fluids varnish Exirait de bouquet de mareschale, &c. Extract of liquorice of meat of malt Extracts (Extraits) of flow Fairthorn's pills Fards, or face paints Farinaceous food, Hard's, lie. Farina, see Starches Bright's nutrition?, Sci Fals, to obviate rancidity in . 353 Feculuni Saxoaia . , 284 222 PAGE . 220 230 . 220 . 351 222 '. 220 . 192 . 220 . 220 . 220 . 221 221 ; 181 . 181 . 181 231 '. 296 . 435 . 216 . 221 . 221 . 181 . 223 . 223 231 221 '. 253 . 218 . 321 . 218 . 317 . 303 321 5, 396 . 183 182 223 351 352 219 219 397 387 183 219 182 237 385 444 285 492 INDEX. PAGE PAGE Filter for corrosive liquids . 352 Fumigations, muriatic . 362 Filtering powder . 352 nitric . . 362 Fillings lor spirits • ^'^: sulphur . 362 Fireproofing . 355 tar . 362 Fires, coloured . 352 for toothache . 266 to extinguish . 352 j Furniture cream . 363 Fixateur . 251 ; oil . . 303 Flames, coloured . 354 paste . . 363 Flame pnpers coloured . 354 Fusible metal . 311 Flavouring essence . 296 Flint, liquor of . . 355 Gad's cement . 331 Floating soaps . 339 j Galvanic baltery, acids fo f . 309 Florentine dentifrice . 258 tooth-powder . 258 Flowers, to expand . 355 Gall, clarified . 364 to preserve . 355 Galls, tincture of . 419 Fluide tie Java . . 250 Gam's cosmetiques . 236 Fluxes, black and white . 356 Garancine . . 304 Flux, Christison's . 356 Gardiner's alimentary pp . 285 crude . . 356 Gaunal's solution . 313 Coi'nish . 356 Ganteiue . 304 Morveau's . 356 Garrot's covering for pills . 364 I'resenius's, &c. . 356 Gases, to collect . . 365 Taylor's . 356 Gas, ammoiiiacal . 365 Fly poison . 357 carbonic acid . 365 Food for infants . 287 carbonic oxide . 366 Foot powder . 343 chlorine . 366 Ford's balsam, horchouiul . 182 hydrogen . 360 laudanum . 182 hydrocliloric acid . 366 Foreign weiglits and measures . 469 earburetted hydrogen . 366 Fothergill's pills . . 183 phosphuretted hydrogen . 867 Fox's cream . . 248 sulphuretted hydrogei . 367 Frangipanni bouquet . 221 nitrogen . 367 Franks' solution . 199 protoxide . 367 Freckles, lotion for 232 oxygen . . 368 Freeman's batluug spirit '. 183 ozone . 368 Freezing mixtures . 357 sulphurous acid . . 368 French polish . 358 Gelatin . 368 lip-salve . 236 capsules .328 mustard . 298 bone . 368 tooth-powder . 258 wafers . . 460 Fryar's balsam . 183 Gelee pour le goitre . 183 Frigorific mixtures . 357 Gentil's gluten flour . . 291 Fruit lozenges . 191 German lip-salve . 236 Fulminating compounds . 359 paste . 369 cotton ' . . 375 pomade . 246 powder . 359 silver . . 811 mercury- 359 tooth-powder . 258 silver . 360 Gilding . 369 Fumigating pastils 228 electro . 309 Fumigations, acetic 362 by immersion . 369 carljolic acid 360 Ginger beer . 270 chlorine 360 'beer jiowders . 271 iodine 361 essence of .180 INDEX. 493 PACK 1 Ginger, avoniiilic tincture 296 Gruel, oatmeal . Giiigerbrcud, common 290 Guarana cake 290 Guestonian embrocation purgati\ e . . . 183 Gum, Britiali Girambing . 271 Arabic, purified Glass, to cut 371 Guu cotton . to mark or write on 371 jowdcr to silvur 372 barrels, browned . of borax 870 Guthrie's black oiutmeut tlux 330 eye ointment soluble ... 370 Gutta-percha moulds tougliencd 370 solvents for to clean 373 Gypsum, to harden Glazes . ... 373 Gloves, to clean 395 Haerlem drops Glue . 374 Hahnemann's hair dye liquid . 371 wine test marine 374 Hair cosmetics . Gluten, vegetable 375 dyes, various bread 290 oils granulated . 291 pomades Glycerine jelly 183 powder jelly for microscope restorer mounting 402 Welshes and lime cream . 248 to remove paste 183 to promote . Goadby's solutions 314 to stiffen Godbold's veg. balsam 183 Halford's (Sir H.) pills Godfrey's cordial 183 Hamilton's pills . smelling salts . 185 ,224 Harness blacking Gold, factitious 311 Harrogate salts mosaic 316 water Golden ointment 185 Hartshorn jelly spirit of scurvy grass 185 Heading tor beer . Gout, specific, Murray's . 193 Hclvetius' styptic paper 185 Heraet's dentifrice medicine, Duncan's . 178 Henbane fumigation . pills, Lartigue's . 188 Henry's magnesia tiuetiirc, Wilson's 202 Herb soup-powder Granulated gluten 291 tobacco . Granville's (Dr.) lotions 185 Hill's balsam of honey Grape lip-salve 236 Honey paste Giaves' (Dr.) cliilblain remedy 172 soap gout preventive . 1R5 water Grecian water 253 Hoffman's pills G-regoi'v's powder . 185 Hoo])er's pills . Green ilycs . 316 Hooping-cough remedies pigments . 426 Horse-radish powder Grcenoujiirs tincture 1S5 Houlton's laudanum . Griffin's tincture 185 Hudson's tincture. Griftitb's mixture 185 Huiles antiques . Gniidiod's aiilispasmodic 185 rose, jessamine &.c. Grosveuor's tooUi powder 258 mactissar I'AGK . 280 . 283 . 185 . 375 . 375 . 375 . 376 . 326 . 186 . 18fi . 350 . 442 . 376 . 178 . 253 . 451 . 241 252—255 248—250 245—248 . 341 . 253 . 250 . 255 . 241 . 251 . 186 . 166 320, 370 186, 208 . 208 . 282 . 377 . 186 . 258 . 266 . 186 . 295 . 170 . 186 . 235 . 239 . 213 . 186 . 186 . 187 . 295 . 186 . 263 . 248 248, 249 . 250 494. INDEX. Iluiles (le plu'iiix. philocoiiie, anil cumu: Hungary wati-r . Hunt's bre^ikfast powder Huxliani's tincture of Inirk Hydrocliloric acid gas Hydrogen gas deutoxide (peroxide) carburetted, &c. Hydrophobia, to prevent Hypochlorite of potash Hyposulphite of soda Iceland moss jelly . chocolate Imperial drink pop measure Incense . . 228, India pickle rubber, solvents for court plaster Indigo, purified dyes solutions test paper Infants' preservative . Ink, to keep from mouldiness . alizarine aniline black, marking powder red blue green . yellow gold and silver indestructible Indian ... horticultural for writing on steel lithographic for marking linen without preparation for printing cotton fabrics, &c crimson marking printer's Runge's sympathetic Weber's violet . Nornumdy's . . 383, Reade's. PAGE . 2i9 . 219 . 213 . 385 . 187 . 307 . 366 . 366 . 366 . 366 . 155 . 336 . 441 281 281 273 271 468 377 302 441 377 378 3i6 344 447 166 393 381 389 381 382 383 384 384 385 385 386 386 387 387 388 389 ,386 391 391 381 391 382 3So 386 391 Ink, Redwood's . Stepliens's Inks, various writing, black anti-corrosive copying packers' Insects, to kill lodate of potash Iodide of potassium . Iodine Iodized test Iridescent paper Irish moss, preparations Iron, acetate of . liquor . persulphate of cement . Isinglass plaster, Listou's . Issue peas Ivory, artificial black, true flexible . to stain to bleach and gild James's analeptic pills powder Japan black Japanese cement Jarave, Spanish Jelly, currant gelatine hartshorn Irish moss . carrageen Iceland moss of Ceylon moss salep isinglass Jessamine, esprit perfumed oil of extract . water Jesuits' drops Jones's patent flour PAGE . 389 . 385 . 379-393 . 379 of Kaltdor lotion . Kemraerer's tonth-pow Kennedy's corn-pla=t KevsL-r's pill= Kid glove cleaner iler INDEX. 495 PAGE PAGE Kingcup '. . 273 Lemon, pickle . . 299 KiUii's yellow . 435 embrocation . 233 cordial . . 188 cream . 233 Ketchup, musliroom . . 298 wash balls . 239 walnut . 298 Lemonade, acidulated . 273 Kirkland's cerate . 188 aerated . . 273 Kittoe's freckle lotion . 232 dry . 274 Kitchener's essence of cayenne . 296 ] powders . 274 of ginger . 296 milk . 274 of spices . 296 Lentil powder . 285 pease powder . 295 Leroy's purgative . 189 peristaltic persuaders . 188 Lenses, extern joraneous . 396 soup herb-powder . 295 Liebert's uipp e cosmetic . 189 spirit of soup herbs . 296 Liebig's food for infants ■. 287 savoury spices . 297 soup for children . 287 tincture of cinnamon . 296 Lignum's di-ops . 189 Koumiss . 395 Lime juice and glycerine . 248 Kyaii's solution of wood . 395 Limoniated ginger-beer . 271 Linctus, for couglis . 175 Labakeaques's liquid . 395 Liniment, cajeput . 171 Labels, indestructible . 395 camphorated St. John Long's . . 171 Lac, stick, seed, and shell . 395 . 190 to bleach . 396 Linseed tea . 280 cement . 329 oil, refined . 397 spirit . . 358 boiled . 343 Lacquers . 456 clarified . . 897 Lactucarium lozenges . 191 Lip-salve, rose . . 236 Lait de fraicheur . 232 Peruvian . 236 virginal . 232 German . 236 Lake, cochineal . 423 grape . . 236 Brazil, &c. . . 423 French . 236 liquid . . 396 Liqueur dor6e . 189 yellow, &c. . . 424 Liquid amalgam . . 312 Lakes . 396, 422 blister . . 190 Lamplough's pyretic saline . 188 disinfecting . . 342 Landerer's cure for baldne ss . 244 glue . • . . 374 Lane's, Dr., vinous essence s . 182 Liquids for the teeth 263, 266 Lardner's tooth-powder . 259 tables of weights and Lartigue's gout-pills . 188 measures of . 468 Lavender tooth-powder . 259 Liquorice, purified . 397 water . . 211, 212 Lisbon water . 214 Leath's alimentary farina . 285 Listen's plaster . 190 Lee's pills . 189 Lithographic paper . 407 Ledoyen's disinfecting flui 1 . 188 ink . 387 Leech-bites, astringent foi . 188 Litmus . 397 Lefoulou's elixir . 264 paper . , 448 tooth-powder . 259 tincture . 449 Lefandiniere's elixir . . 263 Live-long candy . 191 Lejeunc's balsam . . 189 Locatelli's balsam . 190 Lemazurier's odontalgic . 265 Locock's lotions for the lia ir . 243 Lemon juice, factitious . 272, 396 wafers 190 flavour . 296 Long's, St. John, linimeut . 190 kali -. 274 Lotions for the mouth . 262,266 496 BVTDEX. PAGE PAGE Lotions of chloride of soda 264 Medals, to bronze . 324 for chilblains . 171 ,173 Medallions, perfumed . 227 for the skill 231 Mercury, fu minating. . 359 Lozenges, absorbent 190 Metallic cements . 268 alkaUiie 190 Metge's tooth-powder . 259 aperient 190 tooth paste . . 261 Clang's 172 Methylated spirit . 400 black currant 191 Mialhe's dentifrice . 259 and ipecace . 191 chalybeate water . . 209 cough 191 ioduretted water . 209 digestive 191 Mice and rat poison . . 433 Edinburgh . 191 Microscope, formuUe for . 401 fruit 191 Milk of cucumbers . 231 marshmallow 191 of houseleek . 232 peppermint 191 condensed . 402 Lubricating compounds 398 of roses . 231 Lucifer matches 400 preserved . 403 Luminous phials . 398 Mineral green . . 426 Lute's, various 333 waters 203—209 Lynch's embrooation 193 chameleon . 335 Mistura odorata . 222 Macassar oil 250 Modelling, clay for . 402 McDougal's disinfecting powder 343 Molir's lute for retorts . 334 Madden's essence . 192 Moiree metallique . 402 Magnesia fluid 192 Monlein's balls for baths . 192 Magnosian aperient 193 Mont d'Or Water . 209 Maliomed's electuary . 192 Mordants, alum . . . 347 Mahy's plaster . 192 tin .347 Maissiatt's cement 332 Morphia collodion . 193 Manures, artificial 398 Morrison's paste . 193 Maredant's Norton's drops 192 pills . . 193 Marble, to clean 399 Morveau's flux . . 356 to stain . 399 Moseley's pills . 193 Marieubad water 205 Moss, Australian . 282 Marine glue 374 Ceylon . . 281 soap 441 Iceland . 281 Marking ink for linen 388 Irish . 281 without preparation . 389 Moulds, electrotype . 350 MarnKn'atum 268 Mouth cosmetics 256. 264 Marmalade 278 Moxon's niagnesian aperient . 193 Marsden's drops 192 Munro's cough medicine . 193 Marsh's dahlia test 450 Mucilage for minerals . 330 Marshall's cerate 192 Multuiu . 403 eye-drops 192 Miu'iatic acid . 307 51 arrow oil . 250 Muriate of tin . 347 pomatum 246 Murray's fluid magnesia . 193, 204 Mastic varnish 436 camphor . 193 Matches, lucifer, &c. 400 gout specific . 193 Mathieu's vermifuge . 192 Mus iroom catsup . 298 Maury's tooth-powder 259 Mustard for the table . 298 Measures, tables of . 470 French . . 298 Meat biscuit 287 leaves . 194 extract of . 287 tissue . • . 194 INDEX. 497 PAGE PA OK AJyrrh dentifrice . 359 Orangeade powder . 275 tincture, odoriferous .263 Orange chrome . 425 Orange jniec, factitious . . 272 Nankekn dye . 846 marmalade . 278 Naples water . 208 Orfila's hair-dye . . 252 Yellow . . 425 Or-niolu . 311 Neligan's, Dr., pills . 166 Ormskirk medicine . 194 Nelson's gelatine . 3G8 Ostermaier's cement . . 267 Neural ine . 194 Oxygen gas . 368 Nepenthe . 194 Oxygenated water . 407 Neutralizing proportions, table of 481 Ozone . . 368 New-mown hay . . 216 Nipples, lotion for . 189 Palamoud . . 284 Nitrite of baryta . 403 Palm oil, to bleach . 405 of silver . 403 Palmer's tooth-powder . 259 stroutian . 404 aerated clialybeate . ]9t. of potash . 404 vitaioboraut . 285 Nitrogen gas . 867 Panada . 280 protoxide of . 367 Paper, Brazil, cabbage, 8 ic. . 447 Nitro-prusside of sodi\ira . 404 copying . 407 Norris's drops . 194 tire-proofing for . . 408 Noultler's worm medicine . 194 hydrographic . 407 Novargent . . 404 tests, various . 449 lithographic . . 407 Odontalgic tinctures . 264 pHrchment . 408 elixir . . 263 paste . 408 Odoriferous tincture of m yrrh . 262 photographic . 403 lavender water . . 211 tracing . 408 Oil, boiled and di-ying . 343 iridescent . 4"8 furniture . 363 waxed . 408 Macassar . 250 Papier epispastique . . 194 marrow . 250 Fayard . 19s Oils of ambergris, musk. &c. . 249 mache . . 409 roses, violets, &c. . 248 Papyriue . 40S perfumed, various . 248 Paraguay-roux . 265 for the hair . . 248 Paraffin . 409 to purify . 404 Parfuni des rois . 216 to bleach , 404 Passy water . 209 for machinery . 400 Paste, almond . 234 Carron . . 171 flour . 833 Darby's . . 88 furniture . 363 nine . 88 honey . 235 Ointments, Bailey's . . 167 Regnauld's . 197 Batenum's . . 168 Swediaur's . . 172 Edinburgh . 179 tooth, various . 261 golden . . 185 for toothaclie . 265 Plunket's . 196 Ward's . . 201 Smellome's . . 198 for cleaning lirass . 409 Oleine . 407 for razors . 410 OlUvicr's biscuits . 194 blacking . 320 Opodeldoc . . 194 Pastils for burning . 22 s Orangeade . 274 for the mouth . 229 aerated . . 274 Piite divine de Venus . 232 32 498 INDEX. ■ PAGE Payne's preparation for wood . 410 ] Pearl dentifrice . . 259 - white . , . 237 Pease powder . . 295 Pelletier's quinine dentifrice . 259 odontine . . 261 Pensioner, Chelsea . . 171 Percussion caps . . 410 Peristaltic persuaders . . 188 Perfumes, various . 211 — 230 acetic . . . 224 ammoniated . . 223 Persian insect powder . . 195 Peruvian lip-salve . . 236 Peter's pills . . . 195 Pettenkofer's test . . 453 Pharaoh's serpents . . 410 non-poisonous . . 410 Philanthrope muophobon . . 434 Phosphorescent oil . . 410 Phosphoric acid . . . 308 Phosphorus, Baldwin's . 316 Canton's . . 328 matches . . . 411 bottles . . 411 paste . . ■ 411 *Photography . 411—421 Phosphuretted hydrogen . 367 Pickles, various . 300—303 Pickled beet . . . 300 cabbage, cucumber, &c., 300, 301 mangoes and mushrooms . 301 nasturtiums and onions . 30S walnuts . . 302 piccalilli . . . 302 Pickle for pork, &c. . . 303 Pigments, various . . 422 vegetable . . 422 mineral, blue, &c. . 424 Piles, remedies for . . 195 Pills, Abernethy's . . 164 Anderson's . . .164 aperient . . 165 antibilious . . . 165 Bacher's . . 167 Bailhe's . . .167 Baillie's dinner . .167 Barclay's . . . 167 Bath . . .168 Beddoe's . . . 168 Pills, Belloste's Chamberlayne's chamomile digestive dinner . Dixon's Fairthorn's I'othergill's . Halford's, Sir H. Hamilton's . Hooper's James's analeptic Johnson's . Kitchener's . Lartigue's . Lee's Lynn's Morrison's Moseley's quinine and camphor Reece's chirayta Robinson's Smith's (Hugh) Speediman'S Vance's Ward's red Whitehead's covering for Pivots for teeth Plasma . Plaster, Baynton'i court isinglass Liston's Mahy's . Plate powder for boiling Plates, Daguerreotype Platina, black chlorides sponge Platinated asTiestos Platinized silver Plumbe's farinaceous food Plunket's ointment Poison for l)eetles for bugs for rats and mice Polish, French furniture * Pages 411 to 421 include directions for the preparation of the various chemicals, solutions, papers, &c., employed in this art. INDEX. 499 Polishing powder Pomades for baldness Pomatum, common coloured, &c. crystalline cucumber marrow . liard or roll . rose, &c. Pommade contre I'alop^cie castor oil castor oil and glycerine Cattell's, Dr. Cazenave's . coUaute. d'Hfebe divine . Dupuytren's for beautifying hair for colouring liair for the skin de beauty de Ninon, &c. Pot-pourri Potash, carbonate Pop, imperial Portland's powder Potato-disease, remedies for Poudre clarifiaute metallique . h la mousseline . de Chypre, &c. Pounce for parchment marking ink Powder, almond baking filtering fulminating . ginger-beer gun hair liand lemonade orangeade . spruce-beer soda soup Seidlitz for rals, &e. plate Powders for the teeth Powrll's. balsam , Preserving animals . 196 PAGE 429 341 245 241 247 233 246 247 246 243 247 247 242 243 351 233 234 241 246 254 333 232 233 226 429 271 196 429 430 268 227 227 430 388 335 167 352 359 272 376 241 236 274 275 376 275 295 198 433 428 256 196 »14, 446 PAGE Prince of Wales's food . . 285 Prometheans . . 400 Prussiate of potash . . 430 red . . 430 Prussian blue . . . 431 soluble . . 431 TurnbuU's . . 431 Piilhia water . . 205 salts . . . 205 Purging drink. Dr. Young's . 202 Purple of Cassius . . 431 Puscher's indelible ink . 386 Pyrraout water . . . 209 Pyro-acetic spirit . . 431 Pyrogallic acid . . . 308 Pyroligneous acid . . 431 Pyro.vylic spirit . . . 431 Pyrophorus . . . 433 QuEKN of Hungary's water 196, 213 Quillai bark . . . 248 Quin sauce . . . 299 Quinine dentifrice . . 259 wine . . . 174 and camphor pills . . 196 Racahout des Arabes . 284 Radcliffe's elixir . . 196 Ragout spice . . 394 Riispberry vinegar . . 277 syrup, acid . 277 Raspail's cigarettes \ .196 Rat poisons . . . 433 without arsenic . . 434 Redwood's marking ink . 389 depilatory . . . 255 Recce's chirayta pills . 197 Regnauld's dentifrice . . 259 pectoral paste . . 197 Rennet . . .435 liquid . , . 435 wine . . . 291 Reynolds' gout specific . 197 Revalenta . . . 285 Rhatany tooth-powder . 260 Rice cake . . . 289 Riga balsam . .197 Righini's tooth-powder . . 260 Rigollot's mustard leaves . 197 Robinson's pills . . 197 tooth-cement . . 267 Roolie's embrocation . . 197 Riige's magnesian purgative . 197 500 JKDEX. PAGE , PAGE Rose lip-salve . 236 Scouring drops . .436 tooth-powder . 260 Sea water . 207, 315 pink . 424 salts for . 207 soap . 238 Sealing-wax . 436 tooth-paste . . 261 Seidlitz water . 206 M'ater . 210, 223 salts . . 206 Rosemary tooth-paste . 261 powders 198, 206 Rouge . 237 Seidschutz water . 200 .iewellers' . . 428 Seltzer water . 206 Rousseau's drops . 197 Semolina . 285 Ruspini's tincture . 264 Shaving liquid . . 240 tooth-powder , 260 paste . . 240 styptic . 197 powder .240 Russian tooth-powder . 260 Shampoo liquor . 244 Rust's toothache pill . 266 Shell-lac . 895 Rust, to romove and prevc it . 435 to bleach . 896 Ryan's essence of coltsfoot . 197 cement . 329 Rymer's tincture . 197 Sherbet . 274 powders . 275 Sachets . 22fi Siemmerling's cosmetic . 232 Sago, to prepare . 279 Sihca cement . 267 milk . 280 Silk-cleaner . 438 posset . 280 Silver, to clean . . 438 Salep . . 282 fulminating . 360 Saline solutions . 443 oxidized . 439 tooth-paste . . 261 to purity and reduce . 439 waters . 204, 209 tree . 453 powders, Stevens' . 173 Silvering . 439 Salts, Clieltenham . 171 glass . 873 Harrogate . . 186 powder, &c. . 438 Marienbad . 205 Singer's cement . 330 PuUna . 205 Si)igleton's ointment . 198 Seidlitz . 206 Sirop d'orgeat . . 277 smelling . 224 Size, oil, &c. . 440 Vichy . . 207 Skeleton leaves . . 440 Sanitas . 343 Skin cosmetics . 231 Sap green . . 424 Smalts . 424 Sauce, anchovy . 298 Smelling salts . 224 Epicurean . 299 Smellome's eye-salve . 198 Quill . 299 Smith's (Hugh) pills . . 199 superlative . 299 Smoking fluid . . 440 Waterloo . 299 Snuff, cephalic . 171 Saunders' dentifrice . . 260 Soap . . 440 Savon au bouquet . 238 arsenical . 416 Savonettes . . 239 marine . 441 Savoury spices . . 294 powder . 240 Scent bags . . 226 paste . 240 balls . 227 toilet, scented, variou 3 . 238 for pomatums . 222 lloating . 239 )owders for snuif . 227 transparent . 239 , 222 Windsor . 238 Scented soaps . 238 Soda, hyposulphite of . . 441 Scott's plaster . 198 powders . 198, 275 INDEX. 501 PACK Soft cement . . 332 Si>lders, various . . 311 SoloiUDu's Inilm of Gilcad . 199 Solvents for i^uttrt perclia . 442 india rubber . 441 corns . . 17S old ])utty . 442 silver . 443 Soluble glass 370, 442 cayenne . 295 Solution of copaiva . 199 for electro-plating . 442 Gannal's . 313 for soldering . 443 for voltaic battery . 442 for water-batlis . 443 Soubciran's tooth-cement . 267 Soup for children . . 287 Soup-powder . 295 Soy . 299 Specific gravities . 474 Speediman's pills . 199 Spices, mived . 294 ragout . 294 savoury . . 294 sausage . 294 essences of . 296 Spiced vinegar . . 300 Spilsbury's drops . 199 Spirit of nitric ether . 443 savoury spices . 296 soup herbs . . 297 Spirits, perfumed . 212 , 223, 225 Sponge, blanciied . 443 Spruce beer . . 276 Squire's elixir . 199 Stains, to remove . 444 Standerl's mixture . 199 stomachic candy . . 199 Starch . . ' . . 444 potato, &c. . -144 Steam-pipe cement . 331 Stearic acid . . 445 Stecdinan's Soothing I'owd ers . 199 Steer's opodeldoc . 200 Stiffening for the hair . 251 Stopping for teeth . 266 Storey's worm cakes . 200 Storm-glass . . 445 Stoughton's elixir . 200 Strawberry syrup . 277 spirit . 217 water . . 210 Stufling birds, kc. PAOE . 446 Styptic, Brocchien's . . 170 Eaton's . 179 Ilelvetius' . 186 Styrol . . 446 Struve's lotion . 200 Sugar resin . 446 Sulphide . 446 Sulphite of copjicr . 4-46 Sulphocyanide of ammoniu.n . 446 Sulphuretted hydrogen . 367 waters . . 207 Swaim's vermifuge 200 Sydenham's laudanum . 200 Syrup of almonds . 277 capiUaire . 276 limoniated . 277 milk 447 pine-apple . 277 raspberries . 277 strawberries 277 Syrups for flavouring offer vescing draughts 276 Table of weights and measures 467 foreign weights, &c. 469 chemical equivalents . 476 Taffetas vesicant 169 Taniara 294 Tannin 309 mouth lotion 262 Tanjore pills 200 Tapioca 279 milk 280 pudding 280 Taveare's tooth-cement 267 Teeth cosmetics . 256 stopping for 266 Tem|ierature, effects of 473 Terpine 447 Test papers 447 solutions 448 Clark's, for water 450 llalmeniann's wine 451 Pcttenkofer's, for bile. 453 Trommer's 451 Thibaut's iialsam 200 Tin, solutions of 347 mordants 347 tree 453 Tincture of amhergria 218 civet 218 red cabbage . 419 502 INDEX. PAGE PAGE Tinctv.re balsam of Peru . . 218 Varnish, india rubber . 458 p.iUs . 449 for hotbeds . 45S litiims . . 449 sealing-wax . . 458 imi?k seed . . 218 hair . 459 musk . . 318 coloured . 458 iiiynli, odoriCerous . 2G2 colourless, for photog ■aphs 455 borateil . 2G2 glass . 459 • patchouli . 219 Japan . 458 of ai-omutic quinine . 200 for gun barrels . . 459 of rhodium . . 218 Varnishes 454—459 of vanilla . 218 spirits . . 455 vetiver . 318 (lacquers) . 456 Tinctures, oulinary 295, 396 essence . . 457 for the teeth . 262 oil . 451 l)erfunied. . 218 Vegetable extract for the 1 air . 250 test . 448 gluten . 375 Tissot's piugative . 200 Venlo's syrup . 201 Tissue, bUstoriug . 1G9 Verditer . 424 Tobacco water . 453 Vermifuge, Matthieu's . 193 Toilet vines^ar . . 225 Nouffleur's . . 194 Tooth powders . 256 Swaim's . 200 pastes . 260 Vichy water . 2u6 tinctures . 262 salts . . 207 Toothache remedies . . 265 Victoria perfume . 216 Touch piper . 453 Vinaigre de Bully . 225 Tous k's mois . 279 de Cologne, &:c. . 225 Trade chemicals . 309 de quatre voleiu's . . 225 Transparent soap . 339 Vinegar (wine, malt, &c.) . 459 Treacle beer . 276 wood . 431 Trees, metallic . . 453 curry . 297 Trophazome . . 287 camp . 297 Trousseau's chalybeate . 209 garlic, shallot, &c. . 297 Turlington's balsam . . 200 raspberry . 297 Turner's cement . . 331 spiced . 300 Turpentine, oil of . 454 Tarragon, &c. . 297 ;is a solvent . . 441 carbolic . 460 Venice . . 454 Vinegars, culinary . 297 Tyre, essence of , .253 perfumed 224, 225 Vinous preparations, Dr. 1 ane's 182 Unfeemented bread . 288 Violet tooth-powder . 260 Urn-powder . 454 Violets, essence of 022 Vogler's pill for toothache '. 266 Valangin's mineral soh ent . 201 Vrilliere's mouth-vvash . 264 Vance's pills . 165 Vanilla, essence of . 218 Wacaka des Indes . 284 tooth-paste . . 261 ■\Vafers, gelatin . 460 Varnish, amber 455, 459 Walnut catsup . . 298 Bessemer's . . 458 Warburg's fever tincture . 201 copal . 455 Ward's dropsy powder . 201 cabinet . . 457 essence for lieadaclie . 201 Canada . . 456 paste . 201 Lc Blond's . . 458 red pill . . 201 Macintosh's . 458 sweating powder . 203 INDEX. 503 304 Ward's wasliing pewder wliite drops . white oils Walker's Jesuits' drops Warner's cordial Warreu's hair dye Warts, to cure Warwick's powders Wash powder, fur the hands balls . carbolic Washes for the hair . for vermin in plants Washing powders liquids . Water, hard, to soften Waters, mineral aerated chalybeate distilled (perfumed) saline, &c. perfumed spirituous (perfumed) Water-bath, solutions for Waterloo sauce . Waterproofing compounds Wax, to bleach . sealing modelling Waxed paper Webster's diet drink . (Lady) pills Weights and measures, tables of . Welding composition Wheat, steep for PAGE . 461 . 201 . 87 . 201 . 203 . 253 . 202 . 203 . 236 . 239 . 251 . 250 . 461 . 461 461 461 309 204 208 210 307 210 211 443 299 461 463 486 462 408 203 303 PAGE Wliey . . . 278 powder . . 277 Whitelaw's tinct. of lobelin . 203 Whitehead's essence of mustard 202 467-4' /a 463 463 pills . 203 White flux . . 356 bismuth . 237 zinc . 427 lead . 427 antimony . 427 Wilson's gout tincture . 302 lotion for baldness . 24;3 Windsor soap . 238 Wyndham's pills . 189 Wine of shallots . . 297 quinine . 174 Wines, Lane's medicated . 183 Wirth's tooth -cement . . 368 Wisdom's eye-water . 203 Withering's cosmetic . 333 Wright's pearl ointment '. 203 Writing fluids, see Inks . 379 Wood, to stain . . 463 Worm lozenges, Ching's . 173 Storey's . 200 Yeast, artificial . 464 German . 464 Young's purging diink . 203 Zinc, ammonio-chloride . 464 amalgamated . 461 oxide . 465 platinized . 465 purified . 465 1 A" D E X TO THE VETERINARY FORMULARY. [Tiir. Vetekinak-v Mateeta Medica being alpluibetically arranged, it is not considered necessary to include tlie Drugs, whose uses and doses are tliere stated, in tliis Index. Abbreviations employed in tbis list : — c, Cattle ; s. Sheep ; d. Dogs ; stv, Swine. Tiie Horse Medicines have no mark of distinction.] PAGE PAGE Absorbent Powders . 63 Balls, for horses 44—66 Administration of Ijalls . 44 for dogs 148-156 ^^■{yptiacuni . 97 alterative 45, d. 149 Aloes, solution of . to alt. tonic . 58 balls . 55 anodyne . 59 Alteratives 3,45 antimonial 45, 51 Alterative balls . 45 antispasmodic . 59 drenches . siv. IIG for appetite . 59 powders . 63 astringent . 46, d. 149 Alum, solution of . 97 chewing . 60 moutb-wasli . 9-2 common mass for . 45 collyrium . 96 cordial . . 49 whey . 124 cough 47, d. 158 Anodyne ball . 59 diuretic . 50 dVench . 79 diaphoretic . . 59 fomentation . . 95 for distemper d. 150 ])oultice . 98 farcy . 52 tincture . 80 fever . 51 Antimonial lialls 45, 48,51 for fits . d.l52 Antiseptic drench .78 glanders . 52 Antispasmodic balls . 59 grease . 54, 60 drenches 69, c. 117 liydrophobia 54, d. 155 Appetite, balls for . 60 inllam. of lungs . . 48 Apoplexy . 139 inllammatory disorders d. 152 Aromatic powder . 63 iodine . 59 Arsenical powder . 65 for jaundice . 54 balls . 53 laxative . 56 Astringent balls 46, d. 149 Leicester red . £9 drenches . c. 120 mere, allcrative . 45 electuaries . . 62 mixed . . 49 glyster . . 82 miscellaneous . 59 lotions .90 (/. 1 56 mode of administering . 44 paste . . 109 nauseating . . 56 ponders 111 c. 135, s. 142 parturifacient ,/. 155 caustics s. 114 physic or purging . 64 INDEX. 505 btMniacliic Ionic, mineral tonic, \ egetiibic tonic, diuretic St. Vitus's dance worm zinc and valerian Barley water Basilicon Bites of vipers Black oils Biain in tlie moutli Blanche water Bleeding, 8 ; to stop Blistcrinir . Blistering lijiiments ointments Blown or blast . Bran mash . Bra.\y . Bog spavin . Bronchitis, balls for Bruises, lotions for d. ,d. . 161 . 60 . 50 . 57 . 57 . 51 155 153 . 60 . 67 . 103 . c. 12-t . 87 . c. 130 . 67 . 134 . 100 . 83 100, c. 138 c. 117, s. 132 . 68 . 139 . 85 . 48 c. 129 95, Calves, medicines for . . 127 cordial, &c. . . 128 Canker liniment . . 86 Canquoin's cuustic . . 94 Cantharades ball . 11, 52 drench . . 76 liniments . . . 83 oil of . . 84, 86 ointments . . . 100 tincture rompotind . 97 Carminative drenches, GO, c. 118, w. 146 glyster . . .82 tincture . . . 80 Cataplasms, see Poultices. Catechu lotion, 92 ; tincture . 97 Cattle medicines, various 113 — 135 drenches . . 113 — 124 powders . . 124 outward applications 129 — 135 plague, medicines for . 125 Caustics, Canquoin's & Fillio's . 94 Caustic, Duville's . . 144 for farcy buds and poll evil 94 f(ir foot-rot . s. 144 liquid, 93 ; solid . 94 Charcoal poultice . . 98 Oiarges . . 110, Chewing balls Chloride of lime lotion poultice Citrine ointment Clark's physic balls conglutinuni embrocation -otion . Cleansing drencli Clysters, «? Clysters. Colehicura drench Colic drenches tincture Collyria Common ball-mass poultice Composition for sand-cracks ! Condition powders 64, Confections, see Electuaries. Conglutinum Convulsions Cooling dunks 1 Cordial balls diuretic balls drenches calves' . electuaries . Cough balls . electuaries Cow spice . Cow-pock, lotion for Cracked heels, ointment Creasote ointment liniment Ciopsick poultry Croton balls r.\r;K c. i:!4 . 00 . 92 . 99 . 107 . 55 . 97 . 89 . 89 c. 116 . 74 70,71 . 80 c. 131 . 45 . 98 . 110 c. 124 97 i. 151, ducks 163 . 08 . 49 . 50 71, c. 118 . 128 . 61 . 47 . 61 . 124 129 103 107 80 162 drenches electuary liniment, 131 10, 16, 75, c. tincture Oakby's oils Decoction of linseed (compound) Demulcent drinks electuary Deobstnient drenches Detergent liniments lotions ointments . 101, powders Diabetes, drench for Diapente Diajihoretie ball 114 62 80 88 68 67 61 76 86 91 133 111 09 65 CO 506 INDEX. PAGE PAGE Diarrlia3a, balls (astringent) for Drenches for diarrhcea 68, c. 130 46, i. 149 for diarrhoea in lambs 138 (lienclies . 68, c 120, s. 1S8 diuretic 73, c. 123 Di^'estive ointment 101, c. 134 di-opsy . . 73 Diuixtic balls . 50 drying . c. 123 cordial balls . 49 for dysentery 68, i. 139 drenclics 71, c. 124 emollient . . 71 electuary . 62 for epidemics c. 125 Divine stone" . 96 expectorant . c. 120 Dogs, medicines for . 148 farcy . 74 alterative balls, &c. . 149 fever 74, c. 114 canker in ear . 156 glanders . 74 clysters . 160 hoose, in calves . 128 distemper . . 150 linven . c. 117 dropsy . . 155 inflammation of liver . c. 115 emetic powders . 152 influenza 73, s. 140 enlarged glands . . 155 iodine . . 79 epilepsy, or tits . 152 laxative 74, £•. 113 eye-water . 157 locked jaw . c. 117 fits . 152 murrain c. 122 liydropliobia . 155 parturifacient . 78 iiiUamniatory disorders . 152 pectoral 71, c. 120 lotions, various . . 156 for poisoning by yew . 78 mange, washes, &c. . 158 purging 75, c. 113 ointments . 158 for red water . c. 119 piles . 158 rheumatism c. 117 purging balls . 148 stomach staggers . 75 rheumatism . 153 strangury c. 117 scirrhous tumours . 159 tonic . . 76 St. Vitus's dance . 165 tonic febrifuge . c. 115 worms . . 154 worm . 77, calves 128 yellows . 154 yellow, or jaundice c. 116 Drenches . 68, 79 c. 113, 124 Driftield oils . c. 133 alum . c. 124 Drying drench c. 123 anodyne . 79 Dysentery . 68, 139 antiseptic . c. 117 antispasmodic . 69 Eak, canker of . . d. 156 astringent . . 68 sore sw. 147 for bites of vipers c. 124 Eggs, to promote laying . 163 blown or hoveu c 117, «. 138 Electuaries . . 61 bloody urine c. 118 Electuary, cough and laxative for calves, various 127, 128 61, 63 carminative 69, c. 118, sw. 147 cordial . 61 for cattle, various . 113—127 demulcent and pectoral . 61 for catarrh 72, c. 120 diaphoretic . . 62 lor cleansing . c. 116 opiate . . 61 colic . 70 purgative . 62 cough 72, c. 120 tonic and astringent . 63 cordial . 71, c. 118 Embrocations 88, c. 131 row-pox . s. 138 Clark's . . 89 demulcent . 67 Enibrocatio frigorifera . 89 deobstruent . . 76 cxcitans . 89 fur diabetes . 68 Embrocation, cooling . 89 INDEX. 507 . 153 v3, 73 PAGE EnilirncaUcn crotoii c. 131 for ijiirifet . . r. 131 iiuistard . . 88 for saddle-galls and wind- galls . . ,89 strains . . . 88 Emetics for dogs Emulsions Epidemic, affecting moutli and feet . . c. 121, «. 138 malignant . . . 77 pleuro-pneumonia c. 125 Epilepsy in dogs . . 152 Eiipliorbium ointment . 103 tincture of . . . 97 Exi)Cctorant balls . 47, 60 External applications, see Lo- tions, Liniments, Ointments, &c, Eje-waters . 95, c. 131, j;, 141 ointments . 103, d. 157 powders . . s. 143 Farcy balls caustic for drenclies lotions ointment I'attening powder c. 128, siv. I'ebrifuge tonic drench . c. Fever balls . drenches 74, c. 114, ,5. powders medicines for swine . Fleas Fly-powder Flu.v, see Diarrhoea. Fomentations . . . 94 Foot-and-mouth disease . 131 Foot-rot . . s. 144 Formulse, veterinary 44 — 163 Foul in foot . c. 130, 134 Foxglove tincture . . 80 52 94 74 93 104 147 115 51 137 65 146 (/,159, im.poullnj 163 . s. 143 Gabget ointment liniment Giddiness Glanders, balls for drenches poultry . Glysters, anodyne astringent carminative . . c. 133 c. 131 75, poidiry 163 , 53 . 74 . 161 . 82 . 83 . 82 Glysters, diuretic for gripes laxative nourishing . worm . Goulard liniment ointment ponltiee water . Grease, balls for . lotions . ointments poultice Gripe tincture drenches Gruel . PACK . 83 . 83 81, c. 134 . 83 . 83 . 86 . 103 . 99 . 97 . 54 . 90 . 103 , 99 . 80 . 69 . 67 d. 104 158 103 60, 87, 103 . 104 . 54 . 60 . 104 Haib, to restore Healing ointment Heels, scurfy and cracked greasy Hellebore ointment Hepatitis, balls for Hind's sweating balls Hoof ointment . Hoose . c. 120, calves 128 Horse spice . . , 63 medicines . 1 — 113 Hoven, drench for c. 117, s. 138 Hydrophobia, remedies for 59, 78 Inflammation of lungs liver Inflammatory disorders c. 128, s. 139, d. 153, sxo. Influenza . c. 114, Infusion of foxglove . Iodine balls, 59; drench , liniment ointment . , tincture Iodide of mercury ointment lodohydrargyrate of potasli Itching, to allay . Jaundice, balls for, 54, c. 116, (/, 152 Joint wounds . c. 133 Knee.s, broken, . . 104, 109 Lambs, medicines for . 136 cordial , . . 138 Lapis divinus . . 96 48 c. 115 48, 147 \:,S. 138 80 79 87 C. 133 80 105 53 d. 157 508 IN1)EX. PAGE page Lapis, mirabilis . 96 Lotion, fur the mouth . . 92 Laxative balls 45, 56 nitric acid . . 92 drenches c. 113, 117 refrigerant . S9 clysters 81 , c. 124 for stains . 90, c. 129, (/. 159 electuaries . . 62 styptic . . 92 Leicester red balls . 59 for vermin , 92, c. 130 Lice, ointment for c. 132 wounds . c. 130, poultry 163 lotions . c. 130 yellow . . 92 Lininieuis, various 83-88 Louse-wafer . 92 Liniments of ammonia . 88 Low, ointment for . c. 134 anodyne . 87 Lungs, inflammation of . 48 for sore backs . 85 blistering . 83 Madness, canine . 155 creasote . 86 Materia medica . . 1-43 caustic . 86 Malignant epidemics . . 77 detergent . 86 Mallenders . 106 Goulard . 86 Malt mash . . 68 for grease . 87 Mange, lotions for, 91, c 130. d. 158 iodine . 87 liniments and oils for . 85 for itching humours . 85 ointments 105, c. 132, sic. 147 lime-water . . 87 Marshall's oils . 88 mange . '87 , c. 132 Marshmallow ointment . 106 mnvslimallow, narco ic, &c. 87 liniment . 87 saturnine . 87 Mashes, bran . 68 for sore throats c. 132 linseed . . 68 stimulating . 84 malt . 68 suppling . 110 Masticatories 60, c. 124 su phate of copper . 97 Meadow sickness . s. 139 sweating . 83 Medicated provender . . 66 turpentine . 85 Medicine for horses . 44—112 verdigris . 97 cattle 113, 135 Linseed mash . 68 for cattle plague . 125 tea . 67 sheep . 136, 145 Liquid blister . 83 swine 146—147 caustics 86 , c. 132 dogs 148—160 suufF . c. 132 poultry, &c. 161—163 Lockjaw, drench for c. 117 Mercurial balls 45, 53, 54 Lotions, various, 69, 93, r 129 d. 156 alterative . 45 Lotion, astringent 90, d. 156 lotion . . 91 black . 92 ointment . 106 for blain in mouth c. 130 Mild drinks . 67 bruises c. 129, ,/. 159 caustics . 93 for canker . c. 129 Mineral tonics . 57 catechu . 92 Mixed balls . 49 clilorideof lime . . 92 Murrain drinks c 122 Clark's . 89 Mustard emljrocatiou . 88 for cow-pox f. 129 poultice . 99 detergent . 91 Myrrh and aloes tincturi . 80 discutient 89, c. 129 farcy . 92, Nauskating balls . . 56 fdul in foot . c. 130 Newmarket oils . 88 mange . 91, c. 130, d. 158 Ivinc oils . 88 mercurial . . 91 r< it re balls . . 51 INDEX. 500 PAG?; PAGE Nitre solution . , . 81 Pectoral powder . . 65 powder 63,64 Physic balls Pneumonia, epizootic . 54 . c. 125 Oils, various 86-88 Poisoning by yew . 78 black , . 87 Poultices, common . 98 Darby's . 88 anodyne . 98 egg , . 87 charcoal . 98 tor mange . 87 chlorine, cleansing. Jraw- Marshall's nine, Radley's . 88 ing . 98, 99 Stamford's, Lord , . 88 Goulard . 99 Ward's . . 87 for grease . . 99 white . 87 mustard, rubefacient . 99 Ointments ioo. c. 132 yeast . 98 Ointment for blemished knees . 104 Poultry, medicines for . 161-163 blistering 100 c. 132 outward applications 162,163 for canker . 108 Powders, absorbent . . 63 citrine and creasote , . 107 alterative .63,r. 124 detergent . 101 aromatic . 63 digestive . . 101 arsenical . , . 65 eye . 102 bitter . 65 eupliorbium . , . 103 condition 64, c. 124 farcy . 104, 108 fever . 65 foot . 135 farcy . 64 ;rease . . 103 Ity in sheep . 142 lealing , d. 158 for grease . . 63 hellebore . 104 pectoral . 65 lioof . 104 for outward use . Ill iodine . 104, c. 133 astringent . . Ill for mallenders . 106 detergent . Ill mange . 105, c. 132, sxv. 147 styptic . . 112 marshmallow . 106 sneezing . 112 mercurial i06 , s. 142 Provender, medicated . 66 nitrate of silver . 157 Purging balls 54, (/. 148 scab or shab s. 142 drenches 74, c. 113 simple , . 100 electuaries . . 62 for sore backs . 107 Purgatives for swine . . 146 for sore teats . sw. 147 sheep . 186 for sitfasts . 107 dogs . 148 sulphuric acid , . 108 for poultry . . 162 tar . 108 for thrush . , . 108 Rabbits, medicines for . 163 verdigris . 109 Radley's oils . 88 for vivas , . 109 Red water drencli c. 19, s. 137 warts . . 109 Resolvent ointment . 107 Opiate electuary . • . 61 Rheumatic drench Rinderpest, treatment of c. 117 . 125 Paetueition, to promote, 78, (i. 155 Roaring, ball for . 59 Paste, astringent , . 109 Rot, foot '. . 144 for broken knees . . 109 in rabbits . 163 styptic . 134 in sheep . 140 Pectoral electuary . 61 Roup, poultry . 161 balls : , . 47 drenches . 71 Saddlk galls . 90, 107 510 INDEX. Sallenders ointment . Sandcrack, composition for Sedative balls aperient Setons PAGE . 106 . 110 . 60 . 60 36, c. 134 Sheep and lambs, medicines . 136 drench for apoplexy . . 139 braxy . . . 139 diarrlioea . • . . 138 pui'giiig . . 136 for red-water . . 137 epidemic distemper . 138 sturdy . . .139 skit . . .138 ointment for scab . . 142 wounds and sore heads . 144 caustic . . . 144 Sitfasts, ointment for . . 107 Sneezing powder . . 112 liquid . . .132 Sore backs, ointment . 103, 107 Softenin;^ ointment . . 107 Spice, cow . . . 124 horse . . .63 Stamford's oils . . . 88 Staggers, stomach . .75 Stiraalating drench . . 71 Stomachic bills . . 56 Stone, styptic . . . 96 wounds . . .97 mirabillis . . . 96 divine . . 96 Strains, lotions for 90, c. 129 Strangury, drench for c. 117 Sturdy, d'rink for . . 139 Styptic stone . . 96 powder . . . 112 paste . c. 134 Sulphuric acid ointment . . 108 caustic . . 93 Sulphate of copper liniment . 98 balls, see Farcy balls. Tab ointment . . . 108 Thriving powder . c. 128, sio. 147 Thrush, ointment for . . 108 Tincture of aloes and myrrh . 80 PAGE Tincture, anodyne . .80 of cantliar'ides . . 97 colic . . . 80 of croton . . 80 euphorbium . . . 97 alkaline . . 97 foxglove . . . 80 gripe . . .80 myrrh and aloes . SO opium, ethereal . 76 — 80 of pimento . . . 80 styptic . . .97 Tonic balls . . . 57 drenches . . 115 electuary . . . 62 Turpentine liniment . 87 ointment . . . 108 Ulcers, lotions for . 92, 93, s. 144 ointments . 101, 102, c. 133 Vetkrinary Materia Medical — 43 formulae . 44 — 163 Verdigris ointment . . 109 liniment . . 97 Vermin, to destroy 92, c. 132, s. Ill, (/. \W, poultry 163 Viper, bites of . . c. 124 Vitus's (St.) dance . ^"" ^^°'^- 1 July to Dec. / ^ "" INTERLEAVED EDITION. 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