7b 86-B 21740 DAME TUSSAUD ITSONS 7 ^ EXHIBITION CATALOGUE CONTAINING biographical and l^qipttM Sf&drhtf OF THE DISTINGUISHED CHARACTERS WHICH COMPOSE THEIR EZHIBITIOIT AND HISTORICAL GALLERY. $)aironiseb bg THE ROYAL FAMILY AND THE REIGNING SOVEREIGNS OF EUROPE ;( II IS GRACE TUJi LATE DUKE OF WELLINGTON, ETC.; BY THEIR LATE MAJESTIES L0UI.3 XVI. MARIE- ANTOINETTE, LOUIS XVIII., CHARLES X., ETC. PRICE SIXPENCE. 187C. FURNISH YOUR HOUSE THROUGHOUT. OETZMANN & CO., 67, 69, 71, 73, & 77, HAMPSTEAD ROAD, NSAS TOTTENHAM COT7MT SOAD, LONDON. CARPETS, FURNITURE, BEDDING, DRAPERY, FURNISHING IRONMONGERY, CHINA, GLASS, &c, &c. A Descriptive Catalogue (the best Furnishing Guide extant), post free. B'QRWJCK-S 1 BAKBN GH POWD ER. HAS BEEN AWARDED TWO GOLD MEDALS FOE ITS SUPERIORITY OVER ALL OTHERS. MAKES DELICIOUS BREAD, PLUM PUDDINGS, AND ALL KINDS OP PASTRY, LIGHT SWEET, AND DIGESTIBLE. Sold everywhere in Id., 2d., id., and 6d. packets, and 6d., Is., 2s. 6d., and 5s. boxes. COMPARISON AND PROOF. THE BEST AND CHEAPEST HOUSE IN LONDON FOB BLACK SILKS. JAY'S, THE LONDON GENERAL MOURNING WAREHOUSE, 243, 245, 247, 249, & 251, Regent Street, London, W. The Cheapest Packet of Tea in England. A CHINESE CADDY, containing 16 lbs. of really good Black Tea, sent Carriage Free to any Railway Station or Market Town in England, on receipt of 40s., by PHILLIPS & CO. ■ Tea Merchants, 8, King William St,, City, London, E.G. A Price and Start} List Free. STRONG to FINE BLACET TEA, Is. 6d., 2s., and 2s. 6d. per lb. ; 40s. worth sent Carriage Free to any Railway Station or Market Town in England or Wales, on receipt of 40s,. b" PHILLIPS & CO., Tea Merchants, 8, KingWilliam St., City, London, E.C. ASSAM OR INDIAN TEA, 2s. 6d., 3s., 3s. 6d., 4s. Prime Coffee, Is. 4d., Is. 6 1 Is. 8d . A Price and Store List Free. PHILLIPS St CO. have no agents, and no connection with any house in Worcester, Swansea, or Witney. PHILLIPS & CO.'S GREEN TEAS ARE FURE UKCOLOURED, 2 Dr. J. Collis Browne's Chlorodyne* THE ORIGINAL AND ONLY GENUINE, CHLORODYNE la admitted by tht Profession to be the most wonderfhl and yalnable remedy ever discovered. CHLOKODYNE Is the best remedy know* for Oougha, Consumption, Bronchitis Asthma. CHLOKODYNE effectually cheeks and arrest* those too often fatal diseases— Diphthciit*, Fever, Croup, Ague. CHLORODYNE acts like a oharm in Diarrhoea and is the only specific in Cholera and CHLOROD YNE effectually cuts short ail attacks of Epilepsy, Hysteria, PaJnltatlon and GHLOROD YNE is the only palliative in Nturalgia, Rheumatism, Gout, Cancer, Toothache .Meningitis, &c. ««t a n. From Franftie Conyngham, Mount Charles, Donegal, 11th December, 1868. Lord Francis Conyngham, who this time last year bought some of Dr. J. Collis Browne's Ohloro- ayne from Mr. Davenport, and has found it a most wonderful medicine, will be elad to have half-a- dozen bottles sent at once to the above address." " Karl Russell communicated to the College of Physicians that he received a dispatch from Her Majesty a Consul at Manilla, to the effect that Cholera has been raging fearfully, and that the onlv remedy of any service was Chlorodynk."— bee Lancet, 1st December, 1S64. CAUTION.— Beware of Piracy and Imitations. Caution.— Vice-Chancellor Sir W. Paok Wood stated that Dr. J. Collis Browne wm, undoubtedly the Inventor of CHLORODYNB ; that the story of the Defendant Freeman was deliberately untrue which, he regretted to say, had been sworn to. — See Times, July 13, 1864. Sold in Bottles at Is. l^d., 2s. 9d., 4s. 6d., and 11*. each. None Is genuine without the wo is " Dr. J COLLIS BROWNB'8 CH 1.0 RO D TN E " on the Government Stamp. Overwhelming Med.cal Testi- /mouy accompanies sach bottle. SOLE MANUFACTURER:— J. T. DAVENPORT, 33, Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, LONDON. HOLBORN RESTAURANT, 218, HIGH HOLBORN. ODE OF THE SIGHTS AND ONE OF THE COMFORTS OF LONDON . Attractions of the Chief Bansian Establishments, with the quiet and order essential to Englit>h Customs. Dinners and Luncheons from Daily Bill of Fare. A TABLE D'HOTE, AT SEPARATE TABLES, EVERY EVENING, From 6 to 8.30, 3s. 6d., INCLUDING TWO SOUPS, TWO KINDS OF FISH, TWO ENTREES, JOINTS, SWEETS, CHEESE (IN VARIETY), SALAD, &c, WITH ICES AND DESSERT. This favourite Dinner it accompanied by a selection of high-class Instrumental Music. COFFEE, TEA, CHESS, AND SMOKINO ROOMS. BY APPOINTMENT TO H.it.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES. ALIENS PORTMANTEAUS 37, WEST STitAND, LONDON, W.C. ( NEW ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF 500 ARTICLES ALLEN'S PATENT BAG. POST FREE. ALLEN'S PATENT DESPATCH EOX DESK. ALLEN'S NEW! DRESSING BAG. Prize Medal awarded for General Excellence. THE LONDON JOURNA ILLUSTRATED ONE PENNY *» »«■ iSSSu „ r published SALE NEABLt1ialF~ 4 MILLION HEADERS « A u PARTS 0? THeW F °UR_JVNLU 0 |\IS. TWmj lTn -r™ 11 CONTAINS FOUR NOVELS BY THE BEST WRITERS BKA UTIFUXLY ILLUSTRATE^ ' A Wife Revenge, by Clementine Montagu. Florence's Faith, a Tale of Two RW S bv Tamp, n * M ^kwood,^^ ™ , T , IT ALS 0 CONTAINS wESS** Ladi6S ' M — S ^ ment of FarhionS; pauems ^ ev|S £ W OT ld h r^ P ^ ^1 the most receat Beautiful Views of all Pis,-,*, „f t„* * t , Magnificently executed PortTaTts o? rf £ * rou S h ° u t the world. M.scellaneous Gatherings upon e^^C^l^^^^ rfIhon £it. ments, Charming Poetry Ac .fee P bject ' Curious Advertise- 4^> < 53^^^** *— - the THE LONDON journat WEEKLY, ONE PENNY BAKER STREET, PORTMAN SQUARE. OF THE ISTKGUISHED CHARACTERS •WHICH COMPOSE TUB EXHIBITION UNRIVALLED AND HISTORICAL GALLERY OF MADAME TUSSMJD AND SONS. THE ROYAL FAMILY AND THE REIGNING SOVEREIGNS OF The very mouia »u « * No. 41, BAKEE STBEET PORTMAN SQUARE, W. THOMAS B. WfNCKWORTH & CO., (late WINCKWORTH $ jp RICE)) MP Z™ ° F P ° ETOGAL & SPA ™ ™- ™bag*e, MOSELLE, HOCK, CLARET, BUBGUNDY & SAUTEBNE. VERY CHOICE COGNAC FROM VINTAGE 1858. Briti^ r, 7 ' Jamaica Rum ' For eign and Bntash Liqueurs, Cordials and Mineral Waters The Selected Brewings of IND & COOPE, EOMFOED, SUPPLIED IN CASK OR BOTTLES. DETAILED LIST OF PRICES FEME FEU FOS1. E ™™> m, AT 80, MAEYLEBOHE ROAD, AND AT 46, Fulham Road, South Kensington. TO THE VISITOR. ADAME TUSSAUD AND SONS, in issuing a New Edition of their Exhibition Catalogue, beg respectfully to inform their Visitors that each Biography has been carefully revised up to the present date, making the Catalogue not only a guide to the Exhibition, but a book of reference at once interesting and useful. The Proprietors also beg to state that they have now completed the line of English Kings and Queens, from William the Conqueror to the present reign ; to serve as a vade mecum for the rising generation, and to give them a greater interest in their historical studies. _ ^^AlTckmvrrM Advertisements for insertion in Madame Tussaud and Sons' Exhibition Catalogue should be addressed to Mr. R. H. Butler, 58, Baker Street, W. ^^^^-—^ ADVERTISEMENTS. M ACMICH AE L'S ^npemr anil Ittj&ptttstfo ^tatumerg* Two Initials, for 3*. ^,or £oat tre^ ^. LADIES' CHRISTIAN MACMICHAEL'S UNIQUE BOX ^J^^ d 24 Square Court NAMES, containing ^ Sheeta ot feuper^o ^ ^ An Elegant and Useful Present. ==== ^ames == macmic!laelT^ RELIEF STAMPER AND FANCY STATIONER To Her «*« *£ «* ** Royal Hisses «. FHnce « « of Wales, X J BY SPECIAL APPOINTMENT, 207 KING'S BOAD, LONDON, S.W.; ' AND 42, SOUTH AUDLEY STREET, W. ELEGANT AND USEFUL PRESENTS AT 200, STRAND. W. STEWARD'S CELEBRATED GOLD, SILVEE, AND ALUMINIUM WATCHES, ALL KINDS L ^ OF CLOCKS AND EVERY DESCRIPTION OF JEWELLERY, AT WHOLESALE PRICES. GOLD WATCHES in 18 Carat Cases, 3 Guineas, 4 Guineas 5 Guineas to £40. SILVER, 21s., 30s., 42s., 3 Guineas to £10. ALUMINIUM, 21s., 30s., 42s., 63s. to £5., -warranted. A LARGE STOCK TO SELECT FROM. ELEGANT DRAWING ROOM CLOCKS, with Glass Shades com- plete, 25s., 42s„ 63s., 4 Guineas to £20. DINING R00k AND HALL CLOCKS IN MARBLE OR WOOD, 30s., 42s., 63s. to £10. , ' _ PARLOUR, BED ROOM AND KITCHEN CLOCKS, 10s. 6d., 15s. 6d., 21s.. 30s. to £5. CARRIAGE CLOCKS, 30s., 42s., 3 Guineas, 4 Guineas to £10. MIGHT CLOCKS, with Lamps complete, 30s. , 42s., 63s. to 5 Guineas,— warranted. FASHIONABLE SOLID GOLD CHAINS AND ALBERTS, 25s., 42s. 63s„ 4 Guineas to £20. ALUMINIUM, 4s. 6d., 10s. 6d., 16s. 6d. to 30s., assorted sizes and patterns. A LARGE STOCK of 18 and 15 Carat Gold Rings, Brooches, Earrings, and every description of Jewellery, equally cheap. Quality Guaranteed, and any article not approved of can be exchanged^ Free and safe by Post* OBSERVE— 200, STRAND— OBSERVE. South Side of St. Clement Danes Church, WHERE THE ILLUMINATED CLOCK PROJECTS FROM THE HOUSE. MERCHANTS, SHIPPERS AND CLUBS SUPPLIED. CHEQUES CROSSED UNION BANK, CHANCERY LANE. P.O. Orders to be made payable to W. STEWARD, M.O. Office, Somerset Wov-se. Strand. Descriptive Catalogue* Jf est free, 2 Stamps, CONTENTS OF CATALOGUE. The following Numbers give the Name and corresponding Number affixed to the Figure ; further information will be gained by reference to the Biography, ROOM OPPOSITE THE ENTRANCE. 1 Shrine and Model Picture LAEGE ROOM. 2 Houqua 3 George Washington 4 Prince of Wales and Princess Koyal 5 General Canrobert 6 Marshal St. Arnaud 7 Marshal MacMahon 8 Thiers 9 Ex-Empress of France 10 Marshal Bazaine 11 General Trochu 12 Francis I. of France 13 Joan of Arc 14 Charlemagne 15 Henry IV. 16 The Dauphin 17 Marie Antoinette 18 Duchess d'Angouleme 19 Louia XVI. of France 20 Richard Cobden 21 George Hudson, Esq. 22 John Bright, M.P. 23 Catherine Parr 24 Anne Boleyn 25 Catherine of A.ragon 26 Wolsey 27 Edward VI. 28 Henry VIII. 29 Catharine Howard 30 AnneofCleves 31 Jane -eymour 32 Lord Brougham 33 Theobald Mathew 34 Sir Francis Burdett 35 Daniel O'Connell 36 Shakspere 37 Lord Byron 38 Charles Dickens. 39 Cardinal Antonelli 40 Pius IX. 41 Cardinal Wiseman 42 Voltaire 43 A Coquette 44 Lord Macaulay 45 Sir Walter Scott 46 Mr. Liston 47 Mrs. Siddons 48 Garibaldi 49 Joseph Mazzini 50 Lieut.-General Grant 51 Abraham Lincoln 52 Andrew Johnson 53 Macready 54 Earl of Mayo 55 Prince Albert 56 John Knox 57 Lord Murray 58 John Calvin 59 Mary Queen of Scot a 60 Martin Luther 61 Dr. Livingstone 62 Henry M. Stanley 63 Kalulu 64 Frederick VII. 65 Omar Pasha 66 Maximilian 67 Charles Kean 68 George Peabody 69 General Williams 70 Lord Raglan 71 Prince Leopold 72 Baron von Moltke 73 Sergeant Bates 74 William I. 75 Bismarck 76 Alexander II. 77 Emperor of Austria 78 Empress of Austria. 79 Louis-Philippe 80 John Wesley 81 The "Claimant" 82 Com. Lin and Consort 83 Dr. Frankliu 84 Madame Tussaud 85 Madame St. Amai anthe 86 William Cobbett 87 Henry III. 88 Edward II. 89 Isabella 90 Edward I. 91 Phillippa 92 Edward III. 93 Edward Black Prince 94 Isabella of Valoii 95 Richard II. 96 Chaucer 97 Joan of Navarre 98 William of Wykeham 99 Henry IV. 100 Henry V. 101 Richard III. 102 John Wycliffe 103 William Caxton 104 Margaret of Anjou 105 Henry VI. 106 Edward IV. 107 Edward V. 108 Queen Elizabeth 109 Henry VII. 110 Lady Jane Grey 111 Queen Mary 112 Earl of Derby 113 Earl of Shattesbury 114 Prince Christian 115 Princess Christian 116 Prince of Prussia 117 Princess Royal 118 Abdul Aziz Khan 119 Duke of Edinburgh 120 Lord Lawrence 121 Earl Russell 122 Gladstone 123 Princess Teck 124 Disraeli 125 Napier of Magdala 126 Duke of Cambridge 127 Princess Alice 128 Prince Louis of Hcsso 129 Princess of Wales 130 Prince of Wales 131 Princess Louise 132 Marqui3 of Lome 133 Loushkin 134 The Queen 134*Shah of Persia 135 Dinah Kitcher 135*Frederick Wl^am IV. HALL OP £ISGS. 136 An Infant 137 Matilda A .38 William of Normandy l39 William II. L40 Henry I. L41 King* Stephen L42 Henry II. L43 Berengeria L44 Richard I. L45 King John L46 William III. L47 Emperor Nicholai L48 Victoi Emanuel 149 Oscar, King of Sweden 150 Ferdinand II. 151 Isabella II. 152 Don Pedro II. 153 Charles I. 154 James I. 155 Oliver Cromwell 156 Charles II. 157 Jame3ll. 158 William III. 159 Queen Anne 160 An Infant 161 Victoria the First 162 Duke of Kent 163 Sir Charles Napier 3 64 General Hav clock 165 Duke of Wellington 166 Duke of Sussex 167 Duke of York 168 Lord Lyndhurst 169 Marquis of Wellesley 170 Lord Palmerston 171 Dr. Jackson 172 Earl Grey 173 Lord M. . .' bourne 174 Sir Robert Peel 175 Sir Charles Napier 176 Archbish. of Canterbury 177 Lord Clyde 178 King of Hanover 179 Duke of Cambridge 180 Leopold I. 181 George III. 182 George II. 183 George I. 184 Queen Victoria 185 William IV. 186 Queen Adelaide 187 Lord Nelson 188 Queen Caroline 189 Princess Charlotte 190 Late Duchess of Kent 191 Queen Charlotte 192 George IV. NAPOLEON E00M. 193 William Penn 194 General Tom Thumb 195 Marriage of George IV. 196 Marquis of Anglesea 197 Emperor Alexander 198 Viscount Hardinge 199 Lord Hill 200 Blucher 201 King of Prussia 202 Murat, King of Naples 203 Marshal Ney 204 Mameluke 205 Prince Talleyrand 206 Napoleon Bonaparte 207 Francis II. 208 A Picture of Venus 209 Marshal Serrano 210 General Prim GOLDEN CHAMBER. Camp Bedstead Berceau or Cradle BUSTS, PIOTUEES, &c. . SE00ND~E00M. Sot of Court Jewels Napoleon's Carriage Two Girandoles Reading Chair Key of the Bastile Camp Equipage CHAMBEE0FH0EE0ES 1 Dumollard and Wife 2 Nana Sahib 3 Miller 4 Traupmann 5 Oxford 6 Rush 7 Geo. Manning and Wife 8 Hinson 9 Baker 10 Bousfield 11 Good 12 Orsini 13 Pianori 14 Pierri 15 Flowery Land Pirates 16 Palmer 17 Pritchard 18 Bacon 19 Winsor 20 Greenacre 21 Youngman 22 Wilson 23 Kent 24 Sheward 25 Hatto 26 McNaughten 27 Gould 28 Barthelemy 29 Couty de la Pommerais 30 Dove 31 Hunt 32 Mullins 33 Fieschi 34 Ravaillac 35 Jones, alias'Owen 36 Dixblancs 37 Robert Marley 38 Wetherhall 39 Courvoisier 40 Buronelli 41 Miiller 42 Burke and Hare 43 Dennis Collins 44 Marat 45 Stewart and Wife 45 # Mary Anna Cotton MODELS AND EELI0S. 46 Bastile 47 Stanfield Hall 48 Mrs. Emsley's House, 49 Guillotine 50 Count de Lorge 51 Extraordinary Relic HEADS. 52 Hebert 53 Tinville 54 Louis XVI. and Marie Antoinette 55 Robespierre 56 Carrier 57 Murder of the Princsa %* As new Figures are constantly being added, these Numbers are varied from time to time. Visitors are asked to excuse the Numbers not following (in some instances) in conse- cutive order, or any figure being removed. MADAME TUSSAUD & SONS' CATALOGUE. ROOK OPPOSITE THE ENTRANCE. 1. SHRINE AND MODEL OP NAPOLEON III. Shrine and Model, in honour of His late Imperial Majesty Napoleon III., attired in the uniform of a French Lieutenant-General, the robe of the Order of the Garter, and decorated with the collar and star of the same ; also the grand star of the Legion of Honour, &c, &c, &c. Born, 1808. Died at Chislehurst, January 9th, 1873. PICTURE painted by Sir G. Hayter, " Wellington Visiting the Relics of Napoleon," being the last likeness His Grace sat for. LARGE ROOM. 2. HOUQTJA, the celebrated tea merchant. Greatly distinguished among the Hong merchants for his exceedingly cheerful disposition, and his great attachment to the English nation. He died in 1846. 3. GEORGE WASHINGTON (taken from a bust executed from life) the first President of America, and founder of the Republic of the United States. He resisted the English generals — Howe, Clinton, Burgoyne and Cornwallis, the latter of whom he shut up in York Town, and caused to capitulate in 1781, and thereby practically terminated the war. Was twice President of the United States, and was successful in maintaining peace with Europe during the French Revolution, and the war between France and England. Was born in 1732, in Virginia, his family having emigrated from Cheshire in 1630. Died, December 14, 1799. 4. HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES AND THE PRINCESS ROYAL, now Crown Princess of Prussia, in their splendid cot, a fac-simile of the original at the Palace. (Taken in 1842.) 5. GENERAL CANROBERT (taken in 1856,) in the dress of a French Genera") of Division, wearing the Star and Ribaad of the Order of the Legion of Honour. At the death of Marshal St.-Arnaud, Canrobert succeeded to the command of the French Army ; but, unfortunately, his health having begun to fail him, he solicited the Emperor of the French, Napoleon, to name a successor, who named the General Pelissier — Canrobert still remaining with a Division of the French Am/. 6. MARSHAL ST.-ARNAUD, in the uniform of a French General, wearing the Star of the Legion of Honour. Was the right hand of Napoleon in his Coup d'Etat and selected by him to command the French Army in the Crimea. He died shortly after the commencement of actual hostilities. 7. MARSHAL MACMAHON. Born in 1808. He first distinguished himself at St. Cyr from 1825 to 1827. Sent to Africa in 1830, he took part in the first Algerian campaign, and in 1831 he acted as General Achard's aide-de-camp. Captain in 1833, and successively aide-de-camp to Generals Bro, Damremont and d'Houtedot. He distinguished himself in several African campaigns, especially at the Siege of Constantine in 1837, when he was wounded in the chest by a shell. In 1855, he took General Canrobert's place as Commander of 1st Division of the 2nd Corps d'Armee in the Crimea. From that time Marshal MacMahon has held positions of the greatest responsibility. At Sedan he was seriouslv wounded. In March, 1871, he was placed at the head of the troops sent against the Communist insurgents. He now occupies the elevated position of President of the Republic of France. He had the honour of receiving the Shah of Persia on his visit to Paris. 4 MADAME TUSSAUD AND SONS' CATALOGUE. 8. THIERS, LOUIS-ADOLPHE, born, 1797, French historian, statesman, and Ex-President of the French Republic, is the son of a working locksmith. Was educated at the public school of his native place, Marseilles, and, showing great ability, was sent to study the law at Aix. Not succeeding as an advocate, he turned his attention to literature, and obtained an appointment on the staff of the Paris Constitutionnel. In 1823 he published the first volume of his celebrated History of the French Revolution, which was completed, in ten volumes, in 1832. In 1845 he published the f* History of the Consulate and the Empire," which is undoubtedly his greatest work. After the election of Louis- Napoleon he went into exile, but was allowed to return to Paris, and elected a Member of the Chamber of Deputies. After the Franco- Prussian War he was elected to take the reins of Government and to conduct the affairs of France. He is now succeeded by Marshal M'Mahon. 9. EX-EMPRESS OP THE FRENCH, Consort of Napoleon III. (taken from life in 1856). Eugenie-Marie de Guzman and Countess de Teba is the second daughter of Donna Maria Manuela Kirkpatrick, of Closeburn, Countess Dowager of Montijos, and a noble officer in the Spanish army, now deceased. On January 29, 1853, ihe was married to the late Napole'on III. at N6tre Dame. 10. BAZAINE, PRANCOIS-ACHILLE, born, 1811. A very distinguished and gallant French general, whose first services were in the war in Algeria, where he rose to the rank of Lieutenant, and gained the Cross of the Legion of Honour on the field of battle. Took part in the Spanish campaigns 1837 to 1839, returned to Algeria, being present at all the principal actions as Captain. Was made Lieut.-Colonel in 1848, and was engaged in the Crimean War. When the reverses which the French army en- countered in the Prussian-Franco war, compelled the Emperor to resign the position of Commander-in-Chief of the Army, it fell at once into the hands of Marshal Bazaine, who had the reputation of being the best handler of troops the French army had seen since Napoleon I., and it is clear that, although driven back to Metz, he made the Prussian! pay very heavily for their victories. 11. GENERAL TRO CHIT, Ex-President of the Eepublic of France, Governor of Paris, and Commander-in-Chief of the forces collected for the defence of that brilliant city during the Prussian-Franco War, was universally acknowledged to be (if not abso- lutely supreme in public estimation) one of the most able and, at the same time, among the youngest French officers. He was a pupil of the military school of St. Cyr and the staff school. He served in Algeria, being for some years on the staff of Marshal Bugeaud. He was afterwards one of Marshal St.-Arnaud*s Aides-de-camps in the Crimean War. After that commander's death he was raised to the rank of General, and commanded a brigade ot infantry until the end of the Bussian war. During the Italian campaign of 1859 he served with distinction in command of a division. 12. PRANCIS I. of PRANCE, first Duke de Valois, in a cap-a-pie Buit of the time, with the badge of the Virgin, succeeded his great uncle, Louis XII., whose virtues procured him the glorious title of " the Father of his People." He was the means of intro- ducing science and art into France : ha invited learned men to his court, conversed with them familiarly, employed them in business, elevated them to offices of dignity, and honoured them with his confidence. He encouraged architecture, and introduced the style called after his name by historians. 13. JOAN OP ARC, as represented at Versailles. She lived in the reign of Henry VI. of England and Charles VII. of France. Joan was born at the village of Domremy, near Vaucoulours, on the borders of Lorraine. At the age of 27, being then a Bervant at an inn, accustomed to laborious employment, by an extraordinary infatuation, she conceived the idea of being actually inspired to destroy the English power in France. Convince of the reality of her pretension, she had recourse to Baudicourt, governor of Vaucoulours, and informed him of her destination by Heaver to free her native country from its invaders. She was burned as a witch at Rouen, 1431. 14. A PIGTJRE in magnificent armour. This splendid specimen of armour was specially manufactured by Monsieur Granger of Paris for the Great Exhibition of 1862, and obtained a medal. 15. HENRY IV. Henri Quatre, called the Great King, of France, born, 1553, son of Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Vendome, and Jeanne d'Albret, Queen of Navarre. He was a descendant of St. Louis, and the legitimate inheritor of the French crown. He had great difficulty in asserting his right, in consequence of having been brought up by his mother in the Reformed religion. Married Marguerite de Valois (afterwards denounced) MADAME TUSSAUD AND SONS' CATALOGUE. 5 sister of the reigning king; and escaped from the massacre of St. Bartholomew by turning Catholic. Afterwards placed himself at the head of the Huguenots, and was acknowledged king, 1589, on the death of Henry III. Married Marie de Medicis, 1600, and had for his successor his son Louis XIII. Assassinated by Ravaillac, May 14, 1610. 16. THE DAUPHIN (in the dress usually worn at the period), Louis-Charles, son of Louis XVI., born, March 27, 1785, and in 1789 he became, by the death of his elder brother, presumptive heir to the throne. He was imprisoned in the Temple with 1795 UnllaPPy parents, but died suddenly, it was strongly suspected by poison, March 25, 17. MARIE-ANTOINETTE-JOSEPHINE-JEANNE, Archduchess of Austria, daughter of the Empress Queen Maria Theresa, and sister to the Emperors Joseph II. and Leopold II., Queen of Louis XVI. She was born at Vienna in 1755, and married, May 16, 1770, to the Dauphin of France; was long the idol of the French nation; but the revolutionary frenzy having hurled the beautiful, the once-adored Queen, from a throne to a dungeon, she was brought to trial on several charges, October 14, 1793. Two days afterwards she was conveyed to execution in a cart ; and the guillotine terminated her sufferings in the 38th year of her age. 18. DUCHESS D'ANGOULEME, the unfortunate daughter of Louis XVI., who suffered imprisonment in the Temple, where she was treated with every indignity. After the death of her parents she was exchanged by the Revolutionary tribunal for General Dumourier, and afterwards was married to her cousin, the Duke d'Angoul&me. Her latter days were passed in retirement in Germany. 19. LOUIS XVI. of PRANCE, in the costume of the Saint Esprit. This ill-fated monarch was born, August 23, 1754, and was the son of Louia the Dauphin by his second wife, Maria Josephine of Saxony. After a long series of the most humiliating concessions and the most painful sacrifices, this once mighty monarch was condemned, January 17, 1793, by a crew of rufiian regicides, to die the death of a common malefactor, four days after his condemnation. The French Revolution commenced in this reign, and was the cause of war between England and France under George III. Mirabeau, Fox, Sheridan, Pitt, Dr. Johnson, &c, flourished. 20. RICHARD COBDEN, promoter of the Anti-Corn-Law League. His last great achievement was the Treaty of Commerce with France, from which both countries have reaped so great a benefit. He was also an ardent supporter of peace , and international arbitration in lieu of war, and one of the leading speakers at the suc- cessive peace congresses at London, Brussels, Frankfort, &c. He was the son of a Sussex yeoman, whose ancestors farmed the land near Midhurst, in Sussex, where Cobden was born, June 3, 1804. After the abolition of the Corn Laws, the nation pre- sented Mr. Cobden with a sum of about £70,000. The figure of Cobden was modelled in 1846, the year of the great Anti-Corn-Law triumph. 21. GEORGE HUDSON, Esq., some time M.P. for Sunderland, a Mayor of York, but better known as " The Railway King," from the magnitude of his operations in the railway world. He at one time in two days, by his own influence, obtained the consent of shareholders to forty bills, involving an expenditure of £10,000,000, and he himself subscribed nearly £900,000 to twenty-three lines in which he was interested ; gave grand banquets and splendid parties, which were attended by the elite of Society. From a position of affluence, he descended to one of the greatest indigence ; but a few friends subscribed a sum of money which enabled him to spend his latter days in some degree of comfort. He lived but a short time to enjoy it — dying on the Continent, December 14, 1871. 22. THE RIGHT HON. JOHN BRIGHT, M.P. for Birmingham. , Mr. Bright was born at Rochdale in 1811, where his father conducted a large business as cotton-spinner and carpet manufacturer. His sons (Bright Brothers) still carry on the business at Manchester and Rochdale. In April, 1843, Mr. Bright unsuccessfully con- tested as a Free Trader the representation of the city of Durham. For that city, how- ever, he was returned in the succeeding year. Three years later he was returned for Manchester, but lost his seat in 1857, sharing the temporary general unpopularity of. those who opposed the war with China, declare ' *y Lord Palmerston in that year. 6 MADAME TUSSAUD AND SONS' CATALOGUE. § H When Mr. Gladstone formed his administration at the close of 1868, office was offered to and accepted by Mr. Bright. His health failing, unfortunately, not for the first time in the cour of his distinguished career, he resigned office early in the autumn of 1870. 23. CATHERINE PARR, sixth and last queen of Henry VIII. Her father, Sir Thomas Parr, by the marriage of his Norman progenitor, Ivo de Tallebois, with Lucy, the sister of the renowned Earls Morcar and Edwin, inherited the blood of the Anglo-Saxon kings. She was twice married previous to her union with the king, first to Lord Borough and afterwards to Lord Latimer, and had the good fortune to escape a violent death. 24. ANNE BOLEYN, the second wife of Henry VIII., as she appeared in festival costume on the day after the death of Qneen Catherine. She wore on that occasion, say the historians, who comment gravely on the circumstance, a yellow dres3. Anne Boleyn was the daughter of Sir Thomas Boleyn, who was created Viscount and Earl of Wiltshire. In her girlhood she was sent to France, where she was in attendance upon the Queen of Louis XII. Beturning to England she acted in a similar capacity to Catherine of dragon, the first wife of the king. Thus she attracted Henry's notice, which was favourable in the highest degree. When he had divorced Catherine, he married Anne, and she became the mother of a child, afterwards our great Queen Elizabeth. Four years after her marriage she was accused of unchastity, both before and after the king married her, and was condemned and beheaded. The day after the execution of A.nne the king was^ guilty of the cruel indecorum of marrying Jane Seymour. 25. CATHARINE OF ARRAGON, first queen of Henry VIII. She was the widow ol Arthur, Henry's brother, to whom she was espoused in her 16th year, and with whom she lived for a short time at Ludlow, where her husband died of the plague in 1602, at the age of 16. Mother of Queen Mary. Divorced after 17 years' marriage. Her mother, Queen Isabel of Spain, -had been raised to the throne of Castile by the Cortes, and Catharine first saw the light in the town of Alcald de Henares in 1485. 26. WOLSEY, THOMAS, in the dress of a Cardinal, born at Ipswich in March, 1471 ; son of a butcher ; became a student at bo early an age as to enable him to take the degree of B.A. when only fourteen years of age. He won the favour of Henry VIII., who raised him to the highest position in the state, and whom he ultimately eclipsed in splendour and ostentation. He built Hampton Court Palace, and kept a retinue of eight hundred persons. In opposing the divorce between Henry VIIL and Catharine ot Arragon he was disgraced by the king, and died, as his persecutors were dragging him towards London, at the Abbey of Leicester, Nov. 18, 1530. 27. KING EDWARD VI. (1537—1553) succeeded his father, at the age of nine years, 1547, under the government of his uncle, the Duke of Somerset, who ruled as Lord Protector, and was afterwards beheaded on Tower Hill. Christ's Hospital (the Blue Coat School) and St. Thomas's Hospital, as also a large number of grammar schools in all parts of the land, which are still popularly known as King Edward's Schools, were founded by him. He died, July 6th, 1553, in the 16th year of his age, leaving the crown to Lady Jane Grey, who reigned only ten days, and was then beheaded, together with her husband, Lord Dudley, on February 8th, 1554. 28. HENRY THE EIGHTH, born at Greenwich, 1491, and died in 1547, the second king of the Tudor family, in the gorgeous costume (copied from the i onument in Westminster Abbey) with the collar of the Garter, as worn at the Field of the Cloth of Gold, so called from the famous interview between him and Francis I., near Calais, on the subject of the quarrek between Francis I. and the Emperor Charles V. of Germany; second son of Henry VII., married Catharine of Arragon, widow of his brother, by whom he had one daughter, afterwards Queen Mary. His divorce from Catharine after 17 years' marriage, and his espousal with Anne Boleyn, was the beginning ol the Keiormation, previously to which, the title of "Defender of the Faith" had been conferred on him Dy tne Pope. Died January 28, 1547, in the fifty-eighth year of his age, and thirty-sixth of his reign. MADAME TUSSAUD AND SONS' CATALOGUE. 7 > 29. CATHERINE HOWARD, niece of the Duke of Norfolk, fifth ^ queen, was a daughter of that illustrious house of which a modern writer thus eloquently remarks: "What family pervades our national annals of such intense and brilliant interest as the Howards ? " She perished on the same scaffold as Queen Anne Boleyn at the Tower, and died in the flower of her age, eighteen months after her marriage to the king. 30. ANNE OP CLEVES, fourth wife of Henry VIII., was the sister of the Duke of Cleves. Henry had remained unmarried nearly two years when, deceived by flattering portraits and descriptions, he sought Anne in marriage, ) W whom he no sooner saw in a stolen interview at Rochester, than his heart recoiled e armiversary of 25, 1616, two ^s^TL^^^^ZnaTZ^' " 8 ™ ° n Apr " NonSI'orilKy^^ fS^^i?* Th f «W»W P»et wa, of Koyal blood of Scotland T„™ • ? ° ( I ? untle y> he earned descent from the two cantos of « Childe Harold " In 1 Ri * V.T ' "'j »/" £^,1 812 he lssued the Sir Ralph Mabanie Died AprU 18, IsL. M ' S> MlU>imlie ' the chiId °< near pfrtsm^thfSs Feb^m^ »"/ Ust »» d tnmonrist, was born at Landport, h a .«»Sv, ? IS EMINENCE CARDINAL GIACOMO ANTONETTT has fiUed the important post of Secretary of State to His H^hness Pone Ph,7iY f„ , C^ltZrtKrS^^ H^made kssss asa: sfij: ■ k s»t^* ires * MADAME TUSSAUD AND SONS' CATALOGUE. frn ^-?\ "^COQ^TTE, in the dress worn by ladies at the period. (Taken rrom lite.) We have read of a young man having become enamoured of a statue : we caution young gentlemen to beware that the same does not happen to them while gazing on the charms of the interesting Madame Sappe. u f r^P^ 8 BABINGTON, LORD MACATJLAY, the illustrious nistonan of Jingland, brilliant essayist, finished orator, statesman, and author of the spirited ■Lays of Ancient "Rome," was the sou of Zachary Macaulay, an eminent West India merchant and philanthropist, and Scotch Highlander from the Hebrides. He was himself born in Leicestershire, in 1800, and his mother's blood was purely English, He was made a peer in 1857, and died in 1859. 45. SIR WALTER SCOTT, poet and novelist, in a Scotch dress. One of the greatest regenerators of English literature from the cold artificiality which prevailed in the last century. Taken from life, 1828. Born in Edinburgh, August 15, 1771. Made a baronet by George IV. in 1820, in acknowledgment of the priceless treasures he had bequeathed to the literature of the age. His chief poetical works are the " Lady of the Lake," M Marmion," &c. His novels are too numerous to mention, among which may be named the " Waverley Novels," " Rob Eoy," &c. In the summer of 1832, he was seized with paralysis, of which he died at Abbotsford, September 21, 1832. There is a fine statue of the great novelist recently erected in New York. The public monument to his memory in Edinburgh cost upwards of £ 15,000. 46. MR. JOHN LISTON, Comedian, in the character of Paul Pry. This incomparable professor of the mimic art, son of a watchmaker, was born in 1776, in the parish of St. Anne, Soho. When he performed the character in which he is here repre- sented, his acting brought a very large sum into the Haymarket exchequer. He died at Knightsbridge March 22, 1846, aged sixty -nine. 47. MRS. SIDDONS, in the character of Queen Catharine* Born at Breck- nock, in Wales, in 1795 ; died, 1831. Taken from life j the attitude, &c, from Harlowe's celebrated picture of the Trial Scene, in Shakespeare's play of " Henry VIlI." This admired actress was sister to John Kemble. She made her public essay as a singer, but soon turned her attention to tragedy, in which she displayed powers that speedily raised her fame. Mrs. Scott-Siddons, the eminent tragedienne^ is her grandchild. 48. GARIBALDI, wearing his celebrated grey cloak, was a native of Nice, where he was born in 1807. At an early age he embraced a seafaring life, and displayed con- siderable bravery during the South American Revolutions; on the French entering Italy he raised a considerable force, and harassed the Austrians during their retreat before the French. To him and the Emperor of the French the Italians are mainly indebted for the consolidation of their kingdom. Arrested on September 24, 1867, by the King of Italy, for his intended invasion of Rome. When, in the course of the war in 1870 (between Germany and France), the latter country became a Republic, Garibaldi placed his sword at it.' disposal. Garibaldi visited London in 1864, and was most enthusiastically received. 49. J OSEPH MAZZINI, born at Genoa, 1808 ; died, March 10, 1872, aged 63. The great Italian agitator and republican enthusiast, the friend of Garibaldi, and the poli- tical apostle of the Garibaldians, and the party known as Young Italy. Notwithstanding the visionary nature of his schemes and many errors and defect of judgment, the character of Mazzini was deserving of esteem. He was buried at Genoa, his native city, and his funeral was attended by many thousands, some from distant parts of Italy. 50. LIEUT.-GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT, President of the United States, born at Mount Pleasant, Ohio, April 27, 1822. Defeated the Confederate General Lee, by forcing him to evacuate Petersburg and Richmond, April 3rd, 1865. On Sunday, April 9, 1865, the army of Northern Virginia capitulated, and the war between the North and South was at an end. He was re-elected by an overwhelming majority in 1872, his opponent being the late Horace Greeley. 51. ABRAHAM LINCOLN, late President of the United States, was a native of Kentucky, where, in 1809, he was born of humble parents. He was successively a boatman, a farmer, and a merchant. After educating himself he studied the law, and became eminent at the bar ; he held various appointments in the State, and was elected to hold the reins of government as President of the Republic, October 6, 1860, and again re-elected October 8, 1864. On April 14, 1865, the President was basely assassinated, by 10 MADAME TUSSAUD AND SONS' CATALOGUE. a person named John Wilkes Booth (the son of an actor once well known in England as a rival of Edmund Kean). The news of the assassination called forth expressions of sin- cere sympathy from every part of Europe, besides which Queen Victoria and the Empress Eugenie addressed autograph letters of condolence to the widow of the President. The Queen's was addressed, " From a Widow to a Widow." 52. ANDREW JOHNSON, late President of the United States, born in Raleigh, North Carolina, Dec. 29, 1808. By sheer industry and ability he raised himsell from a humble sphere to the most exalted position in the American Legislature. Being Vice-President, he, according to the Constitution of the United States, succeeded, by right, to the Presidency upon the sudden removal of Abraham Lincoln. He offered him- self for re-election, but was defeated by General Grant. 53. WILLIAM CHARLES MACREADY, as Coriolanus, in Shakespeare's play of that name, in splendid Roman costume. (Taken in 1840.) This distinguished tragedian was born in London, March, 1793, and retired from the stage in 1851. He lived in honoured old age, occupying himself principally in schemes for the education of the poorer classes. Died, April 28, 1873. 54. THE EARL OF MAYO, K.P., Viceroy and Governor-General Of India. The Right Hon. Richard Southwell Bourke, sixth Earl of Mayo, Viscount Mayo, of Monycrower, and Baron Naas, of Naas, in the County of Kildare, in the Peerage of Ireland, was born at Dublin on February 21, 1822. His father was Robert, the fifth Earl. His mother, Anne Charlotte, only daughter of the Hon. John Jocelyn, third son of the first Earl of Roden. In the early winter of 1868 Lord Mayo was created a Knight of St. Patrick for his Irish services, and appointed Governor- General of India. On his entering Calcutta he was received with every demonstration of respect, and even of enthusiasm, and in 1869 the memorable meeting between himself and Shere Ali, the sovereign of Afghanistan, took place, and the latter acknowledged his subjection to the English Crown. On March 8, 1872, the Earl was basely assassinated while on a visit to the convict settlement in the Andaman Isles, by one Shere Ali (not, we would note, the sovereign above mentioned, although of the same name). The body was conveyed to Calcutta ; there it was laid out in state, the coffin covered with the Union Jack and adorned with the insignia of his orders. After a funeral service was performed over it by the Bishop of Calcutta, it was re-embarked for convey- ance to Bombay, and thence to Ireland, where it arrived in Dublin Bay, May 2, 1872. Lord Mayo was buried the next day in the Johnstone Cemetery at Naas. 55. ALBERT FRANCIS AUGUSTUS CHARLES EMANUEL, Prince Albert of Saxe Coburg, Consort of Her Majesty, in a field marshal's uniform, wearing the Order of the Garter, &c., second son of Ernest, Duke of Saxe Coburg and Gotha, President of the Royal Society of Arts ; a lover of literature, the prometer of agriculture, and projector of the International Exhibition. Born, August 26, 1819, and died, after a short illness, December 14, 1861, at Windsor Castle. 56. JOHN KNOX (reigns of Edward VI., Mary, and Elizabeth), in the costume of the period, one of the principal Scotch Reformers, born, 1505 j died, November 24, 1572. Received the rudiments of his education at the grammar school of the small town of Haddington, East Lothian, his birthplace. As long as the world continues, Scotland may well boast of her hero, John Knox. 57. LORD MURRAY, natural son ef James V. of Scotland. Together with Lord Morton, he headed the people in the overthrow of Mary, Queen of Scots. On her abdication in favour of her son, James VI., Murray was appointed Regent during the minority of the infant king. He was assassinated at Linlithgow, in 1570. 58. JOHN CALVIN, in a clerical dress. John Cauvin, afterwards called Calvin, son of Gerard Cauvin or Caulvin, a notary, was born at Noyon, in Picardy, July 10, 1509; died, May 27, 1564. 59. MARY QUEEN OP SCOTS. This unfortunate Princess, daughter ol James V., King of Scotland, and of Mary of Lorraine, was born in 1542. By the decease ot her father, she became Queen when only eight days old. In 1559, she was married to Francis, Dauphin of France, who in 1562 became King of France, and two years afterwards left Mary a widow. She was next married to the Earl of Darnley, by whom she had one son, James VI. of Scotland, and James I. of England. Beheaded, 15th February, 1587. MADAME TUSSAUD AND SONS' CATALOGUE. 11 it^9- ^AP' LUTHER. The costume from an original statue. Born in 1483, at Eisleben, in Saxony, and died there in 1546, shortly after the convocation of the Council °L x I\. ^ en , ei g hteen » be entered the University of Erfurt, and, notwithstanding the efforts of his friends, joined the Augustinian friars. In 1523, Luther threw off the cowl and commenced the Keformation. His great protector was the Elector of Saxony, ancestor of Queen Victoria. . 61. THE REV. DAVID LIVINGSTONE, African Traveller and Mis- sionary, born at Blantyre upon the banks of the Clyde, near Glasgow, about 1817. Having been ordained to the pastoral office, the requisite education for which he ob- tained, through indomitable perseverance, although originally only a poor weaver boy, he sailed, as a missionary, for Port Natal, in 1840. He made several most important excur- eions into the interior, and journeyed right across the continent, from the Congo to the Zanzibar coasts. The interesting record of his journeys and discoveries saw the light in 1856. Twice since he has proceeded to Africa as an explorer and philanthropist, his one great aim being the extinction of slavery by legitimate commerce. He last quitted England in April, 1865, bearing the rank and dignity of, " Her Majesty's" Consul for Central Africa. The definite object of this expedition was to discover and fix the real source of the Nile. For three or four years no tidings were received from him ; a report reached England that he had been slain by the natives, and many people gave him up for lost. Two expeditions of search and succour left England — one in 1867, and another early in 1872. On the 4th of May, 1873, the great explorer died at Illu, Central Africa; and on the 13th of April, 1874, his remains were interred in Westminster Abbey — a fitting resting-place for a man so distinguished. 62. HENRY M. STANLEY, the discoverer of Dr. Livingstone. (Taken during his visit to England, and in attire a facsimile of that worn by him on the memorable occasion of his meeting with the great African traveller at Ujiji, November 10, 1871.) The story of his adventures and hairbreadth escapes he himself vividly recites in his noble book, " How 1 found Livingstone : Travels, Adventures and Dis- coveries in Central Africa," and tells us, in a short introductory preface, how the expedition came about : the sharp, peremptory telegram sent to him at Madrid, " Come to Paris on important business." The immediate obedience. The brief dialogue with Mr. Gordon Bennett, Jun., of the New York Herald, ending with the command, "Find Livingstone! Good night! and God be with you!" Like similar works, Mr. Stanley's book does not overflow with dry geographical descriptions of Central Africa, as will be seen by those who peruse its pages ; its purport being a complete history of a noble mission. Well, indeed, as Mr. Stanley himself says, was he repaid for all the dangers he encountered on his journey, when he grasped the hand of the grey-haired old man, from whose posthumous pipers, doubtless, a tale of woe and suffering will flow. Although but a young man, Mr. Stanley has achieved what older heads might have hesitated to attempt, and thus he may be regarded as a modern hero — a splendid example of resolute will and intrepid daring. 63. " TTA T.TTT.TT." In his interesting book, "How I found Livingstone," Mr. Stanley gives the following account of his little black companion : " On September 7, 1871," he says, "an Arab, named Mohamed, presented me with a little slave boy, called Udugu M hali (my brother's wealth). As I did not like the name, I called the chiefs of my caravan together, and asked them to give him a better one. One suggested Simba (a lion) ; another Ngombe (a cow) ; a third, Mirambo — which raised a hearty laugh. Bombay thought * Bombay Mdoga' would suit my black-skinned infant well ; but Uli- mengo, after looking at his quick eye and noting his movements, pronounced his name Kalulu, 1 because, said he, ' just look at his eye, so bright ! Look at his form, so elim ! Watch his movements, how quick!" * Yes, Kalulu is his name.' * Yes, bana,' shouted one and all, «kfc it be Kalulu!' [Kalulu is a Kisawahili term for the young of the bluebuck ( perpusilla) antelope.] Water was brought in a tin pan j Selim stood godfather, hold- ing him over the water, sayiDg ' Let his name henceforth be Kalulu, and let no man take it from him!'" Thus it was that Mohamed's little black boy came to be called * Kalulu." 64. LATE KING OP DENMARK, FREDERICK VII., m the full dress of the Guards. (Taken in 1856.) His Majesty was born, October 6 1808, and 12 MADAME TUSSAUD AND SONS' CATALOGUE. began to reign January, 1848. Was the only son of Christian VIII. and Charlotte Frederica, of Mecklenburgh-Schwerin. Hs travelled a good deal, and lived quietly till called to the throne in 1848. He was, during his whole reign, in hot water in the matter of Schleswig-Holstein, and war broke out in 1849, which terminated in 1850 by the treaty of Berlin and London j but it broke out afresh just before his decease, and he left it to his cousin and successor, Christian IX., to see those provinces wrested from him by Austria and Prussia. He was divorced from his first and second wives, and married, morganatically, in 1850, the Countess Danner. 65. OMER PASHA (taken in 1853), Commander-in-Chief of the Turkish Troops in the Crimean War. Born, 1801, in the Austrian dominions. In 1867 he was employed to subdue the Cretan insurrection. 66. MAXIMILIAN FERDINAND, LATE EMPEROR OF MEXICO, Archduke of Austria, brother to the reigning Emperor of Austria. Entered the capital as King, January 12, 1864. Eefusing to abandon the cause he had espoused, he was betrayed into the hands of the Juarists at Queratado, and shot by the express order of Juarez, June 19, 1867. His unfortunate wife was so affected by her husband's sad fate, that she went mad, and has never recovered her reason. 67. CHARLES KEAN, (born, 1811, son of the celebrated Edmund Kean,) in the character of Macbeth ; renowned alike for his histrionic abilities in delineating the clas- sical characters of Shakespeare as for the talent and care which he expended as manager in putting the pieces on the stage. On his retirement, a public banquet was given to him, at which the late Earl of Aberdeen presided. He died January 22, 1868, and was buried in the quiet little churchyard of Catherington, in the chalky bosom of the Hampshire hills, where a monument is erected bearing the following inscription: " To the memory of Charles John Kean, F.S.A., F.R.G.S., son of Edmund and Mary Kean, who was born January 18, 1811, and died January 22, 1868, aged fifty -seven. 4 After life's fitful fever he sleeps well.'" Beside him lies his mother, who died, March 30, 1849. 68. GEORGE PEABODY, born at Danvers, Massachusetts, February 18, 1795. His father, though originally in humble circumstances, was well descended ; for he was proud to boast that he came of the old Pilgrim stock. Six generations back, one Francis Pebody, or Pabody, from Northamptonshire, or — according to another account —from St. Alban's, in Hertfordshire, crossed tne Atlantic, and settled in New England. He found a home at Topsfield, a small town in the heart of Essex, Massachusetts, where hs built the first mills in the neighbourhood, and became an independent man. Not a few Peabodys have been since distinguished in Massachusetts for their moral worth and patriotism. From a child George Peabody had to rely on his own exertions, but his success in life was both great and rapid, and his memory will live fresh and green as the man who gave the noble gift of half a million of money to the poorer classes of the great metropolis, part ol which has been expended in the erection of comfortable dwellings for the working classes in various parts of London. He died; after a short illness, in London, at the residence of his friend Sir Curtis Lampson, November 4, 1869, in the seventy-fifth year of his age, anu was buried in Westminster Abbey ; his remains were afterwards interred in Harmony Grove Cemetery, Peabody, Massachusetts. 69. GENERAL SIR WILLIAM WILLIAMS, born at Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1800. In a military undress. The Hero of Ears, which he defended until the want of food compelled him to surrender to the Russians in 1855. He was taken prisoner to St. Petersburgh, but set free by the Peace of 1856. 70. LORD RAGLAN, (taken in 1846,) the Hero of the Alma, Field Marshal in the British Army, and for many years the military secretary of the great Duke, with whom he served in the Peninsula. His lordship was known as Lord Fitzroy Somerset, and was brother to the Duke of Beaufort. In addition to his "British honour of the Grand Cross of the Bath, he was Knight of the Foreign Orders of Maria Theresa, of Austria, St. George (fourth class), of Russia, Maximilian Joseph, of Bavaria, and Tower and Sword, of Portugal. Born, 1788 ; died, 1855. 71. PRINCE LEOPOLD, of Hohenzollern Sigmaringen, elder brother oi Prince Charles of Roumania, and married to a sister of the King of Portugal, permitted himself to be nominated to the Cortes as a candidate for the Spanish Crown. This Prince Leopold is a scion of one of the branches of the Hohenzollern family. The head of the other branch occupies the Prussian throne. MADAME TUSSAUD AND SONS' CATALOGUE. 13 72. BARON VON MOLTKE, born, October 23, 1800, is a Dane by extraction, but a true Prussian by adoption. Served during his early years in the Danish Army, but offered his services to Prussia, and in 1822 was made a Second Lieutenant, and soon after appointed to the General Staff of the Prussian Army, In 1835 he was tent to Constantinople fco re-organise the Turkish Army. In 1858, having made rapid advances in the Prussian Army, was appointed Chief of the Staff, in which position he rendered such services in his re-organisation of the army, the skilful planning of cam- paigns, and all military operations, as can never be over-estimated. The Baron if credited with the entirely successful plan of the late campaign with Prance. 73. SERGEANT G-. H. BATES, the celebrated bearer of the American flag through England, is a native of Livingstone county, New York, and was born, February 13, 1838. He is a descendant of the old "colonial" stock, and traces hit descent back to the third landing of white people in America. """ 74. WILLIAM I., born, 1797, the reigning King of Prussia and Emperor of Germany, in his military costume, succeeded his brother, Frederick William IV., in 1860. Is father of the Prince of Prussia. One of the most important results of his triumphant struggle with France was the complete achievement of German unity, which was typified by his assumption of the imperial title, and by his solemn coronation at Konigsberg after the termination of the war. 75. BISMARCK (Prince Von) SCHONHAUSEN OTTO. Born, 1813. This distinguished Prussian statesman early entered into the diplomatic service, and speedily showed that he had no Bmall amount of ability in the conduct of affairs. In 1851 the King of Prussia appointed him his representative in the Diet of Frankfort. Subsequently he was despatched on a special mission to Vienna. On his return to Berlin he applied himself to home politics, and took the side of the Crown in the disputes which arose between the Kino; and the Chambers on the Constitution oi Prussia. In 1862, after an unfavourable vote in the Chambers, the Ministry resigned, and the King called in new councillors, and on the resignation of the chief of them — M. Von der Heydt Bismarck was chosen by the King as President of the Cabinet and Minister of Foreign Affairs, but he had a hard battle to fight, not being so popular as might have been supposed ; nevertheless, before the close of the year 1866 he was the great man of the country, and if not liked in some parts of Germany, was at least feared. 76. ALEXANDER II., NICHOLAVICH OS 1 RUSSIA, born, April 29, 1818, was the son of Nicholas Paulovich, whom he succeeded on March 2, 1855. His education was committed to General Moerder, a German, and to the poet Jonkowskij but his father himself, determined to make him a soldier, superintended his education, and made him assume the habit and perform the exercises of a recruit at an early age. On the death of his father he oecame Czar. Whatever may have been his sentiments with regard to the Crimean War, ne at once announced his determination to carry out the political principles of his father. The emancipation of 23,000,000 Russian Serfs, in 1861, was a measure that conferred upon him the greatest honour. 77. THE EMPEROR OP AUSTRIA, in the uniform ot a General, with the Star "of Maria Theresa and the Golden Fleece. (Taken in 1856.) Francis Joseph I„ born August 18, 1830, was the eldest son of Archduke Francis Charles, and nephew of Ferdinand I., on whose abdication in 1848 he ascended the throne, but was obliged to fight for the possession of Hungary and Venice. 78 THE EMPRESS OF AUSTRIA, in a Court Dress. (Taken in 1856.) Elizabeth Emelie Eugenie, first cousin to the King of Bavaria, married to the Emperor Francis Joseph, 1854. 79 LOUTS-PHILLIPPE D'ORLEANS, late King of the French, dressed in the u'iform of a Lieutenant- General, born, October 6, 1773 j died, August ,26, ,1850, at Claremont. Eldest son of Louis, Duke of Orleans, well-known under the title of Egahte. Abdicated the throne in 1848, and fled to England. His sons and grandsons are once more enrolled as French citizens, and restored to their natal soil. 80 THE REV. JOHN WESLEY, as a Master of Arts. (Taken at the a*e of seventyT'fTom an authentic picture.) Son of the Rev. Samuel Wesley, born at Epworth in 1703; died, March 2, 1791. He was educated at the Charterhouse, thence 14 MADAME TUSSAUD AND SONS' CATALOGUE. removed to Oxford, and in 1726 was chosen a fellow of Lincoln College. He and his brother Charles are the founders of the religious sect called Methodists." 81. THE "CLAIMANT" to the Tichborne Baronetcy and Estates. Of this extraordinary man any description is needless, as few are unfamiliar with the " story of his life as narrated by himself" at the recent trial at Westminster. Whether he be "Sir Roger Charles Doughty Tichborne, Bart.," « Thomas Castro," or u Arthur Orton," has yet to be determined. 82. COMMISSIONER LIN AND HIS FAVOURITE CONSORT. Lin was chosen by the Emperor of China to prohibit the opium trade, and destroyed property to the amount of two millions sterling, belonging to British merchants, which may be regarded as the origin of the war of 1842 between England and China, being the first public encounter between the two countries. 83. DR. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, born at Boston, Massachusetts, 1706 ; died, 1790 : statesman, essayist, and inventor of the lightning conductor. In 1782, he signed with the English the treaty which recognised his country as an independent nation. D'Alembert well says : " He snatched the lightning from heaven, and the sceptre from tyrants." His most popular work is " Poor Richard's Almanack," 84. MADAME TUSSAUD was a native of Berne, in Switzerland : at the age of six years she was sent to Paris and placed under the care of her uncle, M. Curtius (artist to Louis XVI.), by whom she was instructed in the fine arts, of which he was an eminent professor. Madame Tussaud had the honour of instructing Madame Elizabeth, sister of Louis XVI. to draw and model, and was employed by that amiable princess until October, 1789. Accordingly, Madame Tussaud spent a great portion of her time at the Tuilleries and at Versailles, where shf had the best opportunities of becoming acquainted with the nobility and talent of the French Court, besides being occupied executing many commands. The most admirable specimen of her talent in the present collection is the portrait model of the famous wit, Voltaire. In 1802 she left France, and from that period exhibited her collection of figures in the principal cities and towns of Great Britain and Ireland, and for more than twenty years in London. Died, April 15, 1850 85. MADAME ST. AMARANTHE, one of the most lovely women in France (taken from life a few months before her execution,) was the widow of a lieutenant- colonel of the body-guard of Louis XVI., who was killed in the attack on the TuillerieB, August 10, 1792. Bobespierre endeavoured to persuade her to become his mistress; but being virtuous as she was beautiful, she rejected his solicitations with indignation. Robespierre, who never wanted a pretext for destroying anyone who had offended him, brought Madame St. Amaranthe before the Revolutionary Tribunal, and at the age of 22 this victim to virtue was hurried into eternity. 86. WILLIAM COBBETT, politician, writer, and grammarian, born, 1766 j died, 1835. Son of a farmer, in Surrey, he left the plough in 1783, and entered the army as private soldier. After his discharge as sergeant, he resided some time in America, but had to leave, in consequence of his strictures against the French Government in the " Porcupine." 87. HENRY III. (reigned, 1216—1272), son of King John, dressed in the cos- tume of the period. Born, October 11, 1207, at Winchester ; died at Westminster, 16th November, 1272, of natural decay ; interred in the chapel of Edward the Confessor, in the Abbey Church of Westminster, where his tomb is still to be seen. His heart lies at Fon- tevrault. He was gentle and credulous, warm in his attachments, and forgiving in his enmities, without vices, but also without energy ; he was a good man, but a weak monarch. Henry married, on January 4th, 1236, Eleanor of Provence, who, on her mother's side, was of the house of Savoy (the present head of which is the King of Italy), and who had, scarcely completed her fourteenth year. This reign is generally considered as the com- mencement of our English House of Commons. Ihe first Parliament to which elected representatives were summoned, " the head Parliament of Oxford " as it was called, was held in that city in 1265. Carpets and tapestry were introduced by Eleanor from Spain, as preferable substitutes for rushes and strawc A charter was granted to the inhabitants of Newcastle-on-Tyne to dig for coal, which had not previously been used as fuel. 88. EDWARD II. (reigned, 1307—1327), surnamed of Carnarvon, eldest son of Edward I., born at Carnnrron in 1284, was the first English Prince of Wales. He married MADAME TUSSAUD AND SO NS' CATALOGUE. 15 Sl^«^f «^^ ngrfEr,U ^ ?. hilHpe 1V " and hadb^o sons and one daughter. M? W I t e d ^SJ^uest of his father he discontinued the war in the North and to late andZTtnt T He afterWards renewed the ™ when too late, and was totally routed at Bannockburn by Robert Bruce. His fondness for ST^Mt 1 ? f Q r n ? d *»°?™& who Lve Edward into W^wheret was seized by the Earl of Leicester, and imprisoned in Kenil worth Castle ; he was after- w^ds removed to Berkeley Castle where he was cruelly murdered in 1327, w th the connivance of his Queen. Edward was the first English King deposed by his subjects He was buried privately in the Abbey Church of St. Peter's, Gloucester. * J flu. IS * A 5 ELI ^ <£ Edward n - surnamed La Belle, or the handsome, in the costume of the period, daughter of Philip IV. of France. Her brother, Charles the Fair, gave her as her portion Guienne. m ?°" i?o? WAI1 ^?- ( rei g ned » 12 72-1307), surnamed Longshanks, son of Henry • U c£ 39 J CT0 ™< 1274 '* ^ J 1307 » at ^urgh-upon-the-Sands, in Cumberland, in the 69th year of his age, and buried at Westminster. His character was cruel but brave and warlike. He conquered Wales, and added it to England. He also conquered Scotland, and such was his determination to subdue it that he left a dying order to his son to have his bones carvied in procession at the head of the army every time that the Scotch attempted to rise against England, and to carry fire and sword into the country till its final subjection. Edward was the first king of England that quartered the arms of England and France, and the first sovereign that was called Lord of Ireland on his coin. He was much attached to his queen, Eleanor, whose son was the first Prince of Wales. At her death, at Hornby, in Lincolnshire, he caused crosses to be erected at each place where her corpse rested, namely Waltham, St. Albans, &c, and Charing Cross. 91. PHILIPPA, Queen of Edward III., wearing the girdle of the Order of Knighthood conferred on her for her bravery at the battle of Neville's Cross, near Durham, fought against the Scotch, whose king, David, she took prisoner, October 17, 1346. According t® Froissart, " 15,000 were slain, the total number of men engaged on both sides being about 50,000." She also gained imperishable fame for her humanity, having saved the lives of six of the principal citizens of Calais, who were on the point of being put to death by her husband, the King. 92. EDWARD III. (1327—1377), in the costume of the period ; eldest son of Edward II.; born at Windsor, 1312 ; married Philippa, daughter of William, Earl of Hainault, Holland, by whom he had seven children, the eldest of whom was afterwards celebrated as the Black Prince. Edward claimed the crown of France in right of his mother Isabella, daughter of Phillip IV. of France, which led to much bloodshed. He instituted the Order of the Garter in 1349. Oil painting was invented by John Van Eyck ; gunpowder and artillery by a monk at Cologne ; and paper-making also was introduced. In this reign the Brothers Blankett, of Bristol, first wove the material of that name. Edward died of a broken heart, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. 93. EDWARD, usually called the Black Prince, born, 1330; died, 1376 ; son of Edward [CI. and Philippa, of Hainault. The King, his father, having invaded France to regain the crown that he claimed in right of his mother, Isabella, Edward displayed extraordinary valour, and at the battle of Cressy, when he was only sixteen years old, with a small force, he defeated the French, and won his knightly spurs. Ten years later, at the battle of Poictiers, the Prince again completely routed the French, taking their King, John, prisoner, who, with King David, of Scotland, defeated by his mother, made two captive kings in London. A\ urge ransom having been demanded for John, he was permitted to return to France to raise the money, but failing to do so he returned to England and surrendered himself up. He died at the Palace of the Savoy, in the Strand, which, at that period, abounded with gentlemen's houses and parks. The motto chosen by Edward was ICH dien ( I serve), being the words on the helmet of the blind King of Bohemia, who fought on the side of the French at Cressy, and was there slain. FROISSART, C. 169, he was " styled black by the terror of his arms." MEYRICK, Vol. II., " this title does not appear to have originated as generally supposed from hia wearing black armour, nor is there anything to shew he ever wore such at all." SHAW, Vol. I., Plate 31, coloured in fac simile, from a picture on the wall of St. Stephen'* Chapel, Westminster, depicts the Black Prince in gilt armour. BTOTHARD, in alluding to the Tomb of the Black Prince at Canterbury, says, "the effigy Is of copper, gilt." 16 MADAME TUSSAUD AND SONS' CATALOGUE. PLAN CHE, In his "British Costume," says, "the story of Edward being called the Black Prinoe from the colour of his armour has already been exploded by Sir Samuel Meyrick." "The first mention of Edward the Black Prince in England occurs in a Parliamentary Paper of the second year of the reign of Richard II." MSS., Nero, DVIL, British Museum, has an illumination of Edward III., granting the Duchy of Aquitaine to the Black Prince, both figures being in silver armour with gilt joints. STRUTT, in his "Antiquities of England," says "for his martial deeds surnamed the Blaok Prince." 94. ISABELLA OP VALOIS, second wife of Richard II. Isabella joined with her husband in great extravagance. She had 300 women in her service ; the king prided himself in surpassing all the sovereigns of Europe in splendour, and, it is said, entertained 10,000 persons daily. In his kitchen alone 300 persons were employed. This foolish vanity drew upon the king and queen the aversion of their people, which, added to the seizure of the estates of the Duke of Lancaster afterwards Henry IV., caused general indignation. 95. RICHARD II. (reigned, 1377—1399), son of the Black Prince, born at Bordeaux, 1367. He was deposed by the Duke of Hereford, son of the Duke of Lan- caster, who got himself crowned under the name of Henry IV., 1399. During his reign the memorable insurrection on account of the poll tax was raised by the celebrated Wat Tyler ; cards were invented, and peers first created by patent. Richard was vain, frivolous and inconsistent, and a dupe to flattery. He married Ann of Luxembourg, at whose death he espoused Isabella of Valois, daughter of Charles VI. of France, by neither of whom he had issue. Richard was imprisoned in Pontefract Castle, and died there, as is believed, by violence, within a year of his compulsory abdication. 96. GEOFFREY CHAUCER, poet,— styled the father of English literature, because he was the first who wrote in the common language of the people ; born, 1328 ; died, 1400. Various accounts have been given even of the place of his birth ; but he him- self, in one of his prose pieces, his * c Testament of Love," seems expressly to intimate that he was a native of London. Of his family nothing whatever can be said to be known. Some suppose him to have been of noble descent, while others, judging by the name — which in old French signifies a " breeches maker " — conclude that he must have sprung from a plebeian stock. A common tradition is that his father was one Richard Chaucer, who kept a tavern, according to Stowe, in the Royal Street, at the corner of Kirton Lane, and was buried in 1348, in his parish church of St. Mary Aldermary, to which he left his house and its appurtenances. The works of Chaucer are very voluminous, consisting, be- sides several prose treatises, of his famous " Canterbury Tales," a poem extending to above 17,000 lines, without including the portion of which the genuineness is doubted, or the " Parson's Tale," which is in prose; the "Romaunt of the Rose," a translation from the French of William de Lorris, of which there are nearly 8,000 lines ; the poem of" Troilus and Cressida," in five books j " The House of Fame," in three books ; and many minor pieces. Nearly all the productions are rich in beauty, and of those which are less known, the " Romaunt of the Rose," the " Troilus and Cressida, the " Flower and the Leaf," and the " House of Fame," may be especially recommended to the attention of the lovers of poetic inspiration, as evidencing all of them an affluence of imaginative genius equal, per- haps, to anything that is to be found, even in the " Canterbury Tales " themselves. 97. QUEEN JOAN OF NAVARRE, daughter of the King, of Navarre, and Dowager Duchess of Bretagne, second consort of Henry IV. 98. WILLIAM OF WYKEHAM, born in 1324, died in 1404, chancellor and bishop of Winchester. Founded Winchester School in 1387, and New College, Oxford. He wat distinguished for his piety, love of learning, and taste for architecture ; he built a great portion o£ Windsor Castle. 99. HENRY IV. (reigned, 1399—1413). Surnamed Bolingbroke, grandson of Edward III., and eldest son of John of Gaunt. Born at Bolingbroke in Lincolnshire, A.D. 1367. This usurpation to the throne was the cause of the civil war between the Houses of York and Lancaster, in the reign of Henry VI. He married first Mary de Bohun, and afterwards Joan daughter of the King of Navarre. Worn out by the reverses of fortune, and broken-hearted with grief, he died suddenly in the Jerusalem Chamber at Westminster, March 20th, 1413, and was buried at Canterbury. He was the first king who burned persons on account of their religious opinions. MADAME TUSSAUD AND SONS' CATALOGUE. 17 100. HENRY V. (reigned, 1413—1422). Son of Henry IV., and surnained Mon- mouth ; born at Monmouth, in 1388. In his youth he was gay and dissipated, and associated j with loose companions, which conduct, however, he redeemed when the reins of power were placed in his hands. He revived the claim formerly made by Edward HI. to the crown of France, asserting that it was the right of the Kings of England ever since the death of Philip the Fair, whose daughter was mother of Edward III. j He is renowned as the conqueror of France. He fought and won the great bat' lo ot i Agincourt in 1415. He permitted the persecution of the Lollards on his return to En^f and, j many of whom were burnt at Smithfield during this reign. The French being glad \ to make peace with him on any terms, it was agreed that he should marry Prince9a Catherine, daughter of Charles VI., and succeed to the throne of France on the decease j of the French monarch. Catherine was crowned at Westminster Abbey, 1421. He died in the thirty-fourth year of his age, and was buried at Westminster. ( 101. RICHARD III. (1483—1485). In a magnificent suit of armour of the period; last of the Plantagenet line which reigned from Henry II., son of Geoffrey Plantagenet, 330 years. (The likeness taken, with the kind permission of His Grace the Duke of Norfolk, from the original picture in His Grace's possession at Arundel, believed to be the only one for which the King ever sat.) Richard was the fourth son of Richard Duke of York, 1ol 0 *nown under the name of the Duke of Gloucester, brother of Edward IV., first Prince of York, whose cause he supported against the partisans of Henry VI. With che connivance of King Edward 17. he murdered their brother George, Duke of Clarence, then married his widow, Warwick's daughter; was conquered and slain at Bosworth, 1485, by Richmond (Henry VII.) He was the last king of the House of York, and the " War of the Roses" came to an end. It is supposed that he caused the two sons of Edward IV. to be smothered in the Tower. In this reign the Post was first established. 102. JOHN WYCLIPF3 (reign Edward III.) was born about the year 132*, in a village on the banks of the Toes, near Richmond, Yorkshire. Of his parentage and early history, very little is known. He was the precursor of the Reformation. He aroused John Huss (burnt at Constance, 1415), and prepared the way for Luther. In the month of December, 1384, whilst attending Divine Service with his people at Lutterworth, he was a second time attacked with palsy, and after an illness of three days he expired. He was buried in the chancel of his church, where his remains were allowed to repose till the hand of violence disturbed their peace in 1428. 103. WILLIAM CAXTON born in Kent, 1410; died, 1491. Introduced the printing press into England, in or about the year 1473. The first work printed in this country was called " Y e Game and Playe of Chesse," A.D. 1474. The art of printing -v*>9 established in Scotland in 1508, and in Ireland in 1551. 104. MARGARET OP AN JOTJ, the daughter of Ren6, titular King of Sicily, niece to the Queen of France, and wife of Henry VI. The story of her wanderings and sufferings, after the defeat of the troops which remained loyal to her husband and her son, is one of the most pathetic chapters in our National History. 105. HENRY VI. (reigned, 1422—1461). Only son of Henry V., succeeded his father when nine months old, his uncle, Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, being Protector. Born at Windsor, in 1421, crowned King of England and France at Westminster, and reigned nearly thirty-nine years. Married to Margaret of Anjou. The civil wars of the Roses between the Houses York and Lancaster, which lasted thirty years, and resulted in the victory of the House of York, took place during this reign, Richard Nevill, Earl of Warwick, called the kingmaker, and considered the last of the great feudal Barons of England, supported the cause of the Duke of York, slain at Wakefield, and iucceeded by°hia eldest son Edward, Earl of March, who afterwards reigned as Edward IV. Charles VII., King of France, through the superhuman aid of the " Maid of Orleans," Joan of Arc, regained the full possession of his kingdom. The Lord Mayor's show and the National Debt first contracted. The king being of weak intellect, the Queen Margaret of Anjou conducted the affairs of the kingdom. 106. EDWARD IV. (reigned, 1481—83). Dressed in the Coronation Robe, wearing the crown and order of the Rose ; eldest son of Ricaard Duke ot York. Born at Rouen, in France, 1441. During this reign lived the beautiful Jane Shore, the wife of a goldsmith in Lombard-street, whom the king induced to leave her husband; at B 18 MADAME TUSSAUD AND SONS' CATALOGUE. the king's death she was compelled to do penance in a white sheet in St. Paul's Churchyard ; she afterwards lived in wretchedness, and, it is said, died in a ditch (Shoreditch). Although it is supposed Shoreditch was named in consequence, it is an error many fall into. The word is really a corruption of the word Shew. So great was the ignorance of the times, as far as regards reading and writing, that many of the higher classes, when required hy their office to sign certain laws and regulations, were obliged to subscribe them by the hand of a deputy. Edward laid claim to the English crown in opposition to Henry VI. The Earl* of Warwick being anxious that the king should connect himself in marriage with some powerful European sovereign, went over, by Edward's desire, to France, to solicit the band of the Princess Bona of Savoy, a sister I of Louis XI., for his master. During his absence Edward secretly married Elizabeth Woodville, daughter of Sir Richard Woodville, afterwards Earl Rivers, ! which enraged Earl Warwick, who was now determined to depose him in favour of Henry VI. The Duke of Clarence afterwards supposed to have been drowned in a butt of Malmsey, who had married a daughter of the Earl, entered into an alliance | with them, and a reconciliation was effected between them and Queen Margaret. 1 Henry VI was restored to power for a short time. The battles of Barnet and Tewkes- j bury, 1474, placed Edward again on the throne. Died, 1483. 107. EDWARD V. Modelled from the work of Strutt, wno gives his authority as "Taken from a folio MS., on veL'-.m, in the Archbishop's library, Lambeth." Eldest son of Edward IV., whom he succeeded at the age of twelve ; born at the Sanctuary, at Westminster, 1471. Reigned only two months and twelve days of the year 1483 j although proclaimed king after his father's death, he was never crowned. He and his younger brother, the Duke of York, were smothered and buried in the Tower, by Sir James Tyrrell and three associates, at the instigation of their Uncle Richard, Duke of Gloucester, afterwards Richard III. 108. QUEEN ELIZABETH (1558-1603), last of the Tudors, daughter of Henry VIII. and Anne Boleyn, born September 5, 1533. Erom Holbein's picture at Hampton Court Palace. During the reign of her sister Mary, she was excluded from the succession to the throne as a ba&tArd. The marriage of Mary Queen of Scots (who was considered by the Catholic parry as the rightful heir to the Throne) to the Dauphin of Erance induced Elizabeth go ally herself with the Reformers. In 1588 Philip of Spain equipped an expedition ror the purpose of invading England, which, from its great force, was called the Invincible Armada. Died 1603. 109. < HENRYiVIX. (reigned 1485—1509), in the magnificent regal costume of his time, with the collar of the Garter, copied from the monument in Westminster Abbey. Henry VII. Earl of Richmond, grandson of Catherine, widow of Henry V., by her marriage with Owen Tudor, born, 1455 ; died, 1509 ; buried in Westminster Abbey, in the chapel erected by himself at the east end of the choir, and still called by his name ; reigned twenty-three years ; married Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Edward IV., heiress of the House of York, and so blended the interest of the White aud Red Roses. 110. LADY JANE GREY. Born, 1537 ; died, 1554. This unfortunate lady was a direct descendant of Henry VII. Her father, the Duke of Suffolk, a man of great ambition, persuaded Edward VI. to set aside the rightful heirs, and to make a will appointing her as his successor. On the death of the king she was most reluctant to claim the crown, but was overpersuaded by her parents and her husband. The nation declaring for the rightful sovereign, Mary, she was, with her husband, imprisoned in the Tower, and in the following year they were executed* 111. QUEEN MARY (reigned, 1553—1558). Mary Tudor, surnamed « Bloody Mary," born, 1515, daughter of Henry VIII. and Catherine o! Arragon (from an authentic portrait, age thirty-five). After having caused the execution of Lady Jane Grey, who only reigned ten days, Mary ascended the throne. Married to Philip II. of Spain, in 1554, by whom she was deserted when he ascended the Spanish throne. She espoused the Catholic faith, determined to make it the religion of the State, and sent many Reformers to the stake. The loss of Calais, is supposed to have hastened her death. She said, that when she died, " Calais would be found to be written on her heart." Died in 1558. 112. DERBY, EARL OP (EDWARD GEOFFREY SMITH STANLEY), born, 1799; was educated at Eton and Christchurch, Oxford, and MADAME TUSSAUD AND SONS' CATALOGUE. 19 was returned Member for Stockbridge, 1820. He was made Secretary of State for tbe Colonies in 1833, and distinguished his administration of them by carrying a Bill for the Emancipation of the Slaves in the West Indies, the compensation to the V anter3 being upwards of £20,000,000 sterling. He succeeded to his father's Earldom in 1851. In 1800 he took part in the rejection of the Paper Duty Abolition Bill. On the resignation of Earl Russell, in 1866, Earl Derby again became Prime Minister, resigning, in 1868, in favour of Mr. Disraeli, owing to ill health. He died, October 23, 1869, aged seventy-one. Lord Derby published a masterly and successful translation of Homer's ."Iliad," and was. distinguished for high spirit, graceful eloquence, and energy in debate. 113. THE BIGHT HON. ANTHONY ASHLEY COOPER, EARL OP SHAFTESBURY. Born, April 23, 1801. Served in the Ministries of Wellington and Peel, and has in every way given his earnest, zealous, and cordial sup- port to every measure bearing on the social improvement and elevation of the labouring classes of England. 114. PRINCE CHRISTIAN of Schleswig-Holstein. Married to 115. HELENA AUGUSTA VICTORIA, Princess of Great Britain and Ireland, and third daughter of Queen Victoria. 11C. H.R.H. THE PRINCE OP PRUSSIA. In uniform, wearing the Star of the Black Eagle. Heir to the Crown of Prussia. 117 HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCESS ROYAL. Born, November 21, 1840 ; married, January, 1858, to the Prince of Prussia. 118 ABDUL AZIZ KHAN, SULTAN OP TURKEY. Born, February 1830 He is the second son of the Sultan Mahmoud Khan, who died in 1839, and brother of the Tate Sultan Abdul Medjid, on whose death, in the summer of 1861, he ascended the thron- of the Ottoman Empire, according to the custom which prefers a brother to a eon as heir 119 EDINBURGH (DUKE OP), H.R.H. ! Prince Alfred Ernest Albert K.G., K.P., Duke of Saxony, and Prince of Saxe poburgh Gotha ^cond son of Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen; born at Windsor Castle, August 6, 1844. He was educated by private tutors, and after special study entered the Royal Navy in 1858, joining the Euryalus in October He afterwards passed to the «. Qlrge and travelled extensively, visiting India and America; in 18. 1 he was elected King of Greece, but decline U» throne. He received command of the Qalatea in 1867, andln this vessel he has since sailed half round the world visiting Austraha m March, I WfiR where the dastardly Fenian attempt was made upon his hfe. He next visited India, and «^^b«S 1868, he arrivedat Calcutta, being the first of the family to visit this great dependency, where he was enthusiastically received. ion T n-R-n LAWRENCE, Governor -General of India, in the costume of a 120. LORD ^^^tY^V p res ident of the London School Board, &c. Kn ,° X ; ,7% TVL cl\Ce mZZrY In 1829 he obtained his nomination to Ind.a and at the East India College, ^aiiesDuitf. ArA° bg gnuentlv opened up before him such asa writer,thu^a^ ^ att cte d the noole work. After having neia m«jy ' ? u d w promot i 0 n from that period, iir™r " notice - * 1869 he was elevated to the Peerage- 191 EARL RUSSELL (JOHN). Born, 1792. Son of the sixth Duke of for the previous twenty years represented the City of London. B 2 20 MADAME TUSSAUD AND SONS* CATALOGUE. . 122. THE BIGHT HON. WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE, Prime Minister, fourth eon of the late Sir John Gladstone, Bart., a Liverpool merchant: born at Liverpool, December 29, 1809. Having taken a high degree at Oxford, he entered public life at twenty-three years of age, as Conservative Member for Newark. He was selected by Sir R. Peel to be one of the Junior Lords of the Admiraitv, and in the following year he became Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs. When Peel again resumed office in 1841, Gladstone became Vice-President of the Board of Trade, and ai such he prepared and passed through the House a Bill for the revision of the tariff. On the resignation of Mr. Disraeli, in December, 1868, he became Prime Minister, dis- established the Church of England in Ireland, passed a land-law for that country, and introduced and carried several very important measures for England. He is the author of an excellent work on the union of Church and State j another on Homer : and a third entitled " Juventus Mundi." 123. PRINCESS TECK, MARY ADELAIDE WILHELMINA ELIZABETH, daughter of the late Duke of Cambridge; born, November 27, 1833, The popularity of Her Eoyal Highness is very great, and thoroughly deserved. 124. THE xtlGHT HON. BENJAMIN DISRAELI, statesman and novelist, born, 1805, son of Isaac Disraeli, was educated at Winchester, and afterwards placed in the office of an attorney. His first literary productions were contributed to the Representative newspaper. In 1826 he published "Vivian Grey," considered as typical of his intended career; and afterwards "Henrietta Temple/' " Contarini Fleming," and the " Young Duke," were written on his visit to the East in 1829 and 1831. In 1832 he was a candidate for a seat in Parliament, as Radical representative of the borough of Chipping Wycombe, a few miles from his father's residence at Bradenham, Bucks. He unsuccessfully contested that borough three times. On the third accession of Lord Derby to power in 1866, Disraeli a second time became Chancellor of the Exchequer, and in 1868 he attained the Premiership. His orations rank high for polished invective, epigrammatic subtlety, daring, original, and often true thought ; and, in short, a merit that combines the genius of Bolingbroke, the wit of Canning, and the eloquence of Burke 125. LORD NAPIER OP MAGDALA, born in Ceylon about 1810. Served in the Butlej campaign, after which he was appointed Engineer to the Durbar of Lahore. He acted as senior Engineer at the siege of Mooltan, and distinguished himself at the battle of Guzerat. Appointed as chief Engineer of the Punjaub, he opened out the great resources of that country by military roads and canals, erecting, too, many public buildings. In the great Indian Mutiny he was at the right hand of Sir Colin Campbell as Chief Engineer, and threw the bridge across the Goomtee, which contri- buted greatly to the success of the attack, and he acted as second in command under Sir Hugh Rose against Tantia Topee. He served in the same capacity in China under Sir Hope Grant. Appointed Commander-in-Chief at Bombay, he resigned that post in 1867 to take command of the expedition against King Theodore on behalf of the Abyssinian captives. For this service be was created Baron Napier of Magdala in 1868. He is now Commander-in-Chief in India. 126. HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS G. W. P. C. DUKE OP CAM- BRIDGE, EARL OP TIPPERARY, AND BARON OP CTJLLODEN, in the United Kingdoms, K.G., is the son of Prince Adolphus Frederick, the first duke and seventh son of George III., and hence, grandson of that sovereign and first cousin of our Queen. Born at Hanover, March 26, 1819. He became a colonel in the army, November 3, 1837, and succeeded his father, July 8, 1850. Four years later he was advanced to the rank of Major- General, when he was appointed to command the two brigades of Highlanders and Guards united to form the first division of the army sent in aid'of Turkey against the Emperor of Russia. In 1856 he was appointed to the rank of General, in 1861 appointed Colonel of the Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers, and in 1862 raised to the rank of Field-Marshal. His Royal Highness has been also succes- sively Colonel of the 17th Light Dragoons, of the Scots Fusilier Guards, and, on the death of the Prince Consort, of the Grenadier Guards. MADAME TUSSAUD AND SONS' CATALOGUE. 21 ' 127. PRINCESS ALICE, second daughter of Her Majesty the Queen. Married, July 1, 1862, to - - ^ t H - RH - PRINCE FREDERICK LOUIS OP HESSE, eldest ion of the Landgrave of Hesse Cassel. 129. THE PRINCESS OP WALES, PRINCESS ALEXANDRA CAROLINA MARIA CHARLOTTE LOUISA JULIA, the eldest daughter of King Christian IX. of Denmark. Born, December 1, 1844. Of this illus- trious lady little can be said that is not already known ; her popularity with all classes being of the highest and most endearing kind. Though some few years have gone since the arrival on our shores, and happy marriage of the fair Alexandra with the heir apparent to the British throne, the impression the celebration of the auspicious event made at the time was so great, that 1863 seems but as yesterday, and few, if any, can have fogotten the enthusiastic burst of welcome which the lovely young bride evoked. 130. THE PRINCE OP WALES, eldest son ol the Queen. Born, November 9, 1841 j married, March 10, 1863. The people of England were themselves barely conscious of their deep-seated attachment to the principle of Monarchy, and to all the members of the Royal Family, until the occurrence of the sad and serious illness of the Prince of Wales in the dark days of the winter of 1871, and those whose good fortune it was to see and share in the National Thanksgiving of February 27, 1872, know what it is to have touched the inmost chords of the heart of a loyal nation, 131. PRINCESS LOUISE. Her Royal Highness was born, March 18, 1848, at Buckingham Palace, the late Prince Consort, the Duchess of Kent, the great Duke of Wellington — now names of the past — being at the palace at the time. Was married on March 21, 1871, to the Marquis of Lome. 132. THE MARQUIS OP LORNE, eldest son of the Duke of Argyll. Born, August 6, 1845. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, and sat in the Liberal interest for Argyleshire. He was formerly Captaia in the London Scottish Rifle Volunteers. Though young, he has travelled considerably, and his book of reminiscences, entitled a " Trip to the Tropics," is really a creditable performance. 133. LOUSHKIN, the Russian Giant; the tallest man that has lived in modern days, measuring 8 feet 5 inches high. Dressed in his military costume as drum-major of the imperial regiment of guards, Preobrajenskey. 134. HER MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY THE QUEEN, only daughter of Edward, Duke of Kent, was born, May 24, 1819 ; succeeded her uncle, William IV., June 20, 1837 ; crowned, June 28, 1838 ; and married at the Chapel Royal, St. James's, February 10, 1840, to her cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe Coburg and Gotha. The story of the Queen's life is too well known to need repetition here, since the publica- tion of her books, " Early Life of the Prince Consort," published in 1867, and leaves from the Journal of " Our Life in the Highlands." issued early in 1868. 134 * THE SHAH OP PERSIA. "Nasserdin Chah Kadjar" was born in 1829, and being the eldest son of Shah Mohammed, he succeeded to the throne on the death of his father, Sept. 10, 1848. His Majesty has two children, born in 1850 and 1853. The Shah of Persia by his official title, " Shah-in-Shah," is absolute ruler within his dominions, and master of the lives and goods of all his subjects ; he has the right of designating his suc- cessor to the throne. The whole revenue of the country being at their disposal, recent Sovereigns of Persia have been able to amass a large private fortune. That of the present Shah is reported to amount to four millions sterling, one-half represented by diamonds, the largest, the Derya-i-Non of 178 carats, and other precious stones, forming the Crown jewels. The Shah is regarded as the Vicegerent of the Prophet, and it is as such that he claims implicit obedience. During the reign of the present Shah the revenue of Persia has increased. The receipts in 1868 were £1,744,664 in May, besides payment in kind, making the total revenue of £1,965,000. The income s in excess of expenditure, and Persia has no national debt. The population of Persia since 1866 is over 4,400,000. The 22 MADAME TUSSAUD AND SONS' CATALOGUE. Shah arrived in England, June 18th, 1873, and be was most enthusiastically welcomed* On July 2, he, accompanied by his numerous suite, visited Madame Tussaud's Exhibition, expressing himself highly pleased with the various figures represented. On leaving, the Shah wrote, in Persian, the following, which, with a correct translation, is on view ; " Whilst staying in London I visited Madame Tussaud's Exhibition, and wrote these words here by way of memorial to my visit. — NasSAEDIN Chah Kadjae. — 1290Haogira (1873)." 135. DINAH KITCHER. Her first marriage was with a sergeant of the 95th Regiment, who was killed in action, and who served his country seven years. Her second husband, Joseph Kitcber, served seventeen years. Dinah Kitcher accompanied her husbands to Copenhagen, Portugal, Vimiera, Corunna, America, and France. This portrait was modelled by command of Her Royal Highness the Princess Mary of Teck, for a grand bazaar held at Hampton Court Palace, in 1870. Dinah Kitcher died from the effect of burns, aged eighty-six, an inmate of the Eoyal Cambridge Asylum for Soldiers* Widows, to which she was nominated by Lieut.-Col. Leopold Page, Eoyal Artillery, on December 22, 1870. This institution— supported by voluntary contributions — is the only one which exists for the benefit of the soldier's widow, who receives no pension or allowance from G-overnment, and is left in old age and infirmity totally unpro- vided for — with no home but the workhouse. 135. *FREDERICK WILLIAM IV., late King of Prussia, in the costume of the Prussian Guards, decorated with the Orders of the Garter, St. Anne of Russia and the Black Eagle of Prussia. (Taken in 1856.) Born, October 15. 1795, and son of Frederick William III., by Louisa, Princess of Mecklenburgh-Strelitz. - ' • ■ " ' ' ^ ' "^V i i END OF LARGE ROOM. ! MADAME TUSSAUD AND SONS' CATALOGUE. 23 HISTORICAL CATALOGUE. HALL OF KINGS, Commencing Right-Hand Side. KINGS AND QUEENS OF ENGLAND SINCE THE CONQUEST. Madame Tctssaud and Sons have the pleasure to state that they have completed the line ot British kings and queens from the Conqueror to Queen Victoria, but not having been able to arrange the whole as they intended, in chronological order ; they have added this Historical Catalogue, in which they have placed the Sovereigns in regular succession, to serve as a reference for youag people, and to assist" their memories. The portrait models, costumes, ornaments, as worn at the various periods, have been copied, after careful research, from old English manuscripts, &c, &c, by Mr. Tussaud and assistants. 136- AW INFANT. This represents an infant son of Madame Tussaud, which she had the honour to model for H.R.H. the Duchess of York in 1802. 137. MATILDA, daughter of Baldwin, Earl of Flanders, and wife of William the Conqueror. William having heard of Matilda's beauty, determined on the offer of his hand, which she refused. This so infuriated William, that he waylaid her in the streets of Bruges, as she was returning with her ladies from mass, beat her/rolled her in the mud, spoiled her rich array, and then rode off at full speed. This Teutonic mode of courtship brought the matter to a favourable crisis, for Matilda, being convinced of William's passion by the violence of his behaviour, consented to become his wife. 138. WILLIAM OP NORMANDY (1066—1087) surnamed the Conqueror from having gained the great battle of Hastings, at which placed he landed with the inten- tion of compelling Harold, the last of the Saxon Kings, to perform his promise to yield him the throne of England. Natural son of Robert II., Duke of Normandy surnamed the Liberal (though in certain romances of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries he is called Eobert le Diable), was born at Falaise in 1027. He came by the injuries which caused his death at Nantes-sur-Seine, in an expedition undertaken against Philip I., King of France, in order to punish that prince for some pleasantries as to his corpulence. William was of a cruel disposition, and ruled the English with an iron hand. He introduced the Curfew bell, at whose signal, at eight o'clock at night, every fire and light was extinguished. This custom, however, prevailed in Spain, Italy, and several other countries, in order to prevent the terrible conflagrations which at times took place when buildings were mostly con- structed of wood. He left three sons ; to Robert, the eldest, he bequeathed Normandy j William was to succeed him to the throne of England, and to his son Henry he left 5,000 marks. He died in September, 1807, at the priory of St. Gervais, near Rouen, and was buried in the Abbey Church of St. Stephen's, at Caen, in Normandy. 139. WILLIAM II. (1087—1100), in the costume of the period, surnamed Rufus, or the Red, not, as in commonly but erroneously stated, from having red hair, but on account of his florid and ruddy complexion. The second son of the Conqueror, he ascended the throne by his father's will, to the exclusion of his elder brother Robert, to whom he gave Normandy. William was born in Normandy, a.d. 1057, crowned at Westminster, and reigned thirteen years. He never married. He was killed, by accident, by Sir Walter Tyrrell, whilst hunting in the New Forest. When the barons and attendants who were with him saw him fall dead, they cut boughs or saplings, which they hastily made into a litter by means of their belts and saddle-girths. On this they piled fern fronds and wild flowers, placing thereon the body of the King, laying at the same time the cloak of one of the barons under him, and covering him with that of another, conveyed him to Winchester for burial. He was courageous, but intemperate and covetous. 24 MADAME TTJSSAUD AND SONS' CATALOGUE. 140. HENRY I. (reigned, 1100 to 1135), surnamed Beauclerc, or the Scholar, in a snit of mail, bora at Selfey, in Yorkshire, a.d. 1070, crowned at Westminster, and reigned thirty-five years. Youngest son of the Conqueror; seized on the vacant throne; contrary to the agreement between him and Robert, Duke of Normandy, that whichever of the two brothers survived the other, should succeed to both crowns. Robert, who was in Normandy at the time, was thus, a second time, deprived of his hereditary right. He married Matilda, daughter of Malcolm III. of Scotland, and niece of Edgar Atheling; thus uniting the Norman and Saxon interests. He acquired the name of Beauclerc, from translating JEsop's Fables. He died from gorging himself with lampreys, while on a hunting expedition in the forest of Laon, near Rouen, to which place he was taken. "Til. KING STEPHEN (1135-1154). Stephen of Blois, King of England, son of a daughter of William the Conqueror and the Count de Blois. At the death of Henry I., in 1135, Stephen usurped the throne of England, setting aside Matilda, daugh- ter and heiress of Henry I. After a long struggle with her and her son Henry, assisted by David, King of Scotland, Matilda's uncle, it was agreed that Stephen should have undisturbed possession of the kingdom, for his life, and that Henry should succeed him. Died at Dover, 1154, in the 50th year of his age, and buried near his consort in Faversham Abbey, Kent. 142. (LINE OP PLANTAGENET.) HENRY II, (reigned, 1154-1189) surnamed Curt, or Shortmantle, eldest son of Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, by Matilda, daughter of Henry I. He was born at Mans, in Normandy, a.d. 1133, and crowned three times, at Westminster, Lincoln, and Worcester. The name of Plan- tagenet, in Latin, Planta Genista, is derived from the crest of the family, which was a bunch of broom. He married Eleanor, daughter of William, Duke of Aquitaine, and divorced wife of Louis VII., King of France, by whom he had issue William, who died an infant; Henry, who married Margaret, daughter of Louis VII.; Geoffrey, killed at a tournament in Paris ; Richard and John, both of whom succeeded to the throne in turn ; and three daughters. Maud, the eldest, married Henry, Duke of Saxony ; she became the ancestress of George I., and through him (1189) of the present Hanoverian dynasty. He died of a broken heart in the church of Chinon, in Normandy. 143. BERENGARIA, consort of Richard I. Celebrated for her beauty and accomplishments, the daughter of Sancho, styled " the Wise," King of Navarre. Richard fell in love with and married her, on the festival of St. Pancras, at Limoyin, in the Island of Cyprus. She was buried in the Abbey of L'Espan, near Mans. 144. RICHARD I. (reigned, 1189—1199), son of Henry II., surnamed Coeur de Lion, was boin at Oxtord in the year 1157, and crowned, September 3, 1189. In 1191 he married Berengaria, who was styled by the troubadours "the Fair Flower of Navarre." He thrice took up arms against his father, 1173, 1183, 1189; and was celebrated for his extraordinary strength and valour. Took up the cross in 1191, and became the soul of the third crusade ; seized the Isles of Ptolemais and Cyprus ; quarrelled with Philip Augustus, King of France, and remained abroad, in Pales- tine, where he massacred 2,500 captives. Gained a brilliant victory at Assor over 100,000 Mussulmen, but did hot dare to attack Jerusalem. On his return, he was thrown into prison by the Duke of Austria, whom he had, by his haughty manners, insulted at the siege of St. Jean d'Acre, and was released only on the payment of 250,000 marks. Richard was killed before the Castle of Chaluz, in Aquitaine. His heart was burk'd at his favourite city of Rouen, his entrails at Poictiers, and his body at the feet of his father at Fontevrault. It is a fact worthy of remark, that during his ten years' reign, this monarch spent only ten months in England. Died in 1199. j 145. KING JOHN, (reigned, 1199—1216), surnamed Lackland, son of Henry II. and Eleanor of Guienne ; born 1166 ; crowned May 11, 1199 ; died, October, 1216, at Newark, supposed by poison, in the forty -ninth year of his age, and was interred at Worcester. The king greatly stained his character by the murder of Prince Arthur, the orphan son of his elder brother, Geoffrey, who was the rightful heir v to the throne. Having in vain endeavoured to procure his assassination by his servants, John stabbed him with his own hands, and fastening a stone to the dead body, threw it into the Seine. Being pressed by his barons, who leagued against him, he was com- pelled to sign Magna Charta, or the Great Charter, which is considered the foundation of English liberty. Hzs reign was marked by cruelty and rapacity. MADAME TUSSAUD AND SONS' CATALOGUE. 25 146. "WILLIAM III., King of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange and Nassau, in the undress costume of an Admiral. Born, February 19, 1849. 147. NICHOLAS, EMPEROR OP ALL THE RTTSSIAS. Born, 1796 ; died, 1855. Succeeded his brother, Alexander, 1825, though not without consider- able opposition. He put down the insurrection with a stern hand, and punished relent- lessly those who had been engaged in it. This was the first specimen he gave of his despotic character, which he exhibited ever during his long reign. 148. VICTOR EMANUEL, KING- OP ITALY, in the full uniform of a General (taken in 1856), is the son of Charles Albert, King of Sardinia, and the Princess Theresa of Tuscany. He married in 1842 the Archduchess Adelaide of" Austria, His father abdicated in his favour at the Battle of Novara in 1849, and resisted the pres- sure of Austria to repudiate Constitutional Government in his kingdom. He joined France and England in the Russian War in 1855, and his troops did good service in the Battle of Tchernaya. In the Battles of Magenta and Solferino the Austrians were totally defeated, and Victor Emanuel was established King of Italy by the treaties of Villafranca and Zurich, and took up his position in Rome, December 31, 1870. 149. OSCAR, late King of Sweden and Norway, the son of Charles XIV. (taken in 1855), was born July 4, 1799, and ascended the throne, March 8, 1844. His father, the celebrated Bernadotte, was a French soldier, and rose to the highest rank, under Napoleon. The throne of Sweden being elective, he was made king by the wishes *f the Swedish people. During his father's lifetime he held the post of Grand Admiral. 150. FERDINAND II., late King of Naples aad the Sicilies (taken in 1854), wearing the Star and Badge of the Order of St. J&nuarius ; born, January 12, 1810 ; became King in 1830. His Majesty was twice zaarried : first, to the daughter of Sar- dinia, and secondly to an Austrian Archduchess. 151. THE EX-QUEEN OF SPAIN, ISABELLA II. (Taken in 1853.) Born October 10, 1830. She succeeded her father in 1833. After. being under the tutelage of her mother and Arguelles successively, she was declared of age by the Cortes in 1843. In 1846 she married her cousin, Francisco D'Assis. In 1868 an almost bloodless revolution deprived her of her throne, and she took refuge in Paris. 152. DON PEDRO II., Emperor of the Brazils, in the uniform of an Admiral, decorated with several noble distinctions, among them the order of the Golden Fleece. Don Pedro, who is a man of great accomplishments and high scientific attain- ments, visited England in 1871. He has no sons. Hi9 daughter, who will succeed him, is married to the Count D'Eu, a grandson of Louis-Philippe of France. 153. CHARLES I. (reigned, 1625—1649), son of James I. j born 1620. Allowed himself to" be governed by Buckingham, who was the favourite of his father. Under- took enterprises against France, which led to most unfortunate results, and to pay for which he levied taxes on the people, especially ship-money and " forced loans," without the sanction of Parliament, which led to a revolution. Dissolved four Parliaments which had refused him subsidies, or had presented him claims, such as the " Petition of Rights" (1628). Roused his Scottish subjects by endeavouring to impose upon them a new liturgy, composed by Laud. The Presbyterians rose and drew up the famous Covenant (1638). Charles in opposition called a new- Parliament, known as the "Long Parliament," which however consisted mostly of Puritans, republicans at heart, under the leadership of Earl of Essex, General Fairfax, and Oliver Cromwell. Was married to Henrietta of France, daughter of Henry IV. of France, and sister of Louis XIII., by whom he had Charles II. and James II. Beheaded in 1649, and buried at Windsor. 154. JAMES I. (reigned, 1603—1625) of England and VI. of Scotland, in the costume of the period. (Taken from an original picture.) Only son of Mary Queen of Scots and cousin of Queen Elizabeth. Born at Edinburgh, 1556. Married Anne, Princess oi Denmark, in 1589. He had high notions of kingly power, and reigned with little repu- tation, allowing himself to be ruled by his favourite and chief minister, George Villiers, Duke' of Buckingham. The Gunpowder Plot, of which Guy Fawkes was the tool, dis- covered. London first paved with stone, and New England founded by the " Pilgrim Fathers." Died 1625. Was buried in Westminster Abbey. 26 MADAME TUSSAUD AND SONS' CATALOGUE. 155. OLIVER CROMWELL (ruled as Lord High Protector, 1649 -1660).- Born, 1599, in the county of Huntingdon, of a family of distinction. Joined the Puritan party, and was sent by the citizens of Cambridge to the Long Parliament, 1640, where he made himselt remarkable for his speeches against the measures and designs of the papacy and royalty. Raised a regiment of cavalry at his own expense, against Charles I. Appointed Lieutenant-General, and decided the day in favour of liberty at Marston Moor (1644), and Naseby (1645). Caused Charles I. to be tried, condemned and beheaded (1649). Dissolved the "Long Parliament," and proclaimed Protector. Admiral Blake gained some victories over the Dutch commander, Yan Tromp. The Puritans (or Roundheads) were very austere in their manners, and all sorts of amuse- ments were forbidden, even Christmas pastimes were prohibited, so different to the i habits of the Cavaliers (or Charles's party). The poet Milton (born, 1608, died, 1674), | author of " Paradise Lost," was the Latin secretary of the Protector, and was associated with Andrew Mar veil, who was born at Hull, 1620, and died 1678. Coffee introduced into Europe by a Turkish merchant, and the first coffee-house established in Cornhill. Banking houses first originated. Cromwell was succeeded by his son Richard, who re- signed after a few months in favour of Charles II. Cromwell died in 1660, and was buried in Westminster Abbey ; but after the restoration of Charles II. was exhumed, dragged to Tyburn, hanged, decapitated, and reburied at the foot of the gallows. 156. CHARLES II., the " Merry Monarch," (reigned, 1660-1685), in a suit of chevalier armour, with the badge of the Garter; son of Charles 1. and Henrietta ot Fran SERIES OP NATIONAL REMINISCENCES of great interest. The authenticity of the relics was declared »t the Public Offices in the Court of Chancery, Southampton Buildings, before the following Masters :— J. W. Farrer, Esq. ; A. H. Lynch, Esq. ; and Sir George Wilson, Knight. It is is almeet needless to state, that everything connected with the first Emperov Napoleon belongs to British history ; it therefore follows' that these extraordinary Relics cannot but be highly interesting to every reflecting mind, as they are such as ought not to be, with propriety, in private hands; but should take their place in the "INVALIDES" in Paris, where rest the remains of the Great Soldier, General, Consul, and Emperor of the French, amidst his Companions in Arms. It is well known that relics, when authenticated, bring the period to which they belong immediately to the imagination ; and as all those that originally were Prince Lucien's (Napoleon's brother J are affirmed before Masters in Chancery, and were intended by Bonaparte to have been the property of his son the King of Rome, but never having reached him 'were seat to the Prince on the death of his mother Madame Mere, there can be no doubt of their authenticity. The carriage having been seen by thousands, no remark need be made. "With respect to the rest, certificates of their genuineness may be seen. In order to give interest to the arrangement of the rooms in which the relics - are displayed, they are fitted up exactly in the style of the period with ceilings and picture-frames made expressly to show the peculiar fashion of Napoleon's time. Copy of a Letter in The Times' January 14, 1853.—" Sir : A paragraph appeared in The Timet of December 11, purporting to be an extract from a French paper, the Patrie, stating that *It is known that the Emperor Napoleon left by his will to Queen Caroline different articles, among them the bed on which he died, Ac' Now, on refeerence to Napoleon's will, it appears that the only article left to his sister Caroline is a small Turkey carpet. The camp bedstead, mattresses covered with silk, and silk coverlid (the latter articles said to be stained with Napoleon's blood), with several other relics — among them the cloak he wore at the battle of Marengo — were, in 1837, transmitted from Paris to the late Luciau Bouaparte, Prince of Canino, who was than residing in this country, in whose possession they remained until the year 1839, when he left England, and shortly afterwards died. The several articles above mentioned were then at the Prince's residence, under the charge of his solicitor (one of our firm), by whose direction they were afterwards disposed of to the Messrs. Tusssaud, of Baker Street, where they have ever since remained. The statement copied from the Patrie is, therefore, erroneous ; and, as it is calculated to injure the Messrs. Tussaud we have to request, on their behalf, that you will do them the justice to publish this contradiction of it. "We are, Sir, your most obedient servants, "STAFFORD, GEE and STAFFORD, 44 18, Buckingham-street, Strand. " " Solicitors for Messrs. Tussaud. THE C AMP BEDSTEAD, used by Napoleon during seven years incarceration at St. Helena, with the Mattresses and Pillow on which he died, and on which he is re- presented lying in state in his Chasseur uniform, covered with the cloak he wore at Marengo, left expressly by will to his son, the King of Borne. "In it he lay in a soldier's glory, and it served as his pall to the grave." The above were the property of his brother, Prince Lucien ; for the bed alone the proprietors paid £450. (Affirmed.) The likeness of the Emperor is from the original cast from his face by Automarchi, his surgeon.— Representation op thb Regalia oj France — the crown of Charle- magne, the sceptre with the eagle, the sceptre of justice. — Cobonatiojt Kobe of Napoleon, sold at the restoration of Lotus XVIII., by the Abbe" Canolini, from the cathedral of Notre Dame.— Robe of the Empress Josephine. On the occasion of the coronation the train of this robe was borne by four queens. Sold at the same time. (Affirmed.) The eagles surmounting the robe are from Malmaison. — Three original Eagles taken at Waterloo. — Magnificent Clock and candelabras ; the statuary marble chimney-piece, after the fashion of the time. THE BERCEAU, OR CRADLE OP THE SON OP NAPOLEON. the King of Rome, of surpassing beauty and exquisite taste, made by the celebrated Jaeob, of Paris, valued at £500 sterling ; in it is placed the model of the Son of Napoleon from the^celebrated picture by the Baron Gerard, painted by command of the Emperor. MADAME TUSSAUD & SONS' CATALOGUE. 35 MARBLE BUSTS. NAPOLEON BON APARTE.— THE PRINCESS ELIZA.— MARIA LOUISA. — LTJCIEN BONAPARTE (by Trentenova). — THORWALD- SEN'S SUPERB BUST OP NAPOLEON, forming the apotheosis of that extraordinary man. The bust, supported on a palm tree, emblematic of his glory, rests on a globe, indicative of his vast undertakings, and is placed on an eagle ef surpassing beauty of design and workmawhip PICTURES. MAGNIFICENT GALLERY PICTURE OP NAPOLEON, painted by command of the Emperor for the palace at Fontainebleau. Purchased by Mr. Stirling, in Paris, at the restoration. Mr. Stirling's Letter to Mr. Tussaud.— "Dear Sir : In answer to your inquiry respecting the Portrait of Napoleon, which you purchased of me, I have to state that It is considered to possess the peculiar characteristic of that extraordinary man ; also, that it was not only painted by the Emperor's express command, but that he sat for it to Robert Le Fe*vre, and when finished, declared that he was perfectly satisfied with it as a Painting and Likeness. "I am, dear Sir, yours faithfully, " Qrovt House, Battersea, April 15, 1843." "THOMAS STIRLING. Robert Le F^vre's Letter to Mr. Stirling.— "I, the undersigned, attest that the full-length Portrait of Napoleon, in the Imperial Robes, that Mr. Stirling has bought in Paris of Madame Blanquieres, where it was deposited, is the same Picture which was commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte to be placed in the Palace of Fontainebleau, and is my work ; in testimony of which I affix my name. M Paris, April 25, 1826." " ROBERT LB FEVRE. Letter from Dr. O'Meara to Mr. Stirling.— "In reply to yours to know my opinion of the Portraits of the Emperor Napoleon and Maria Louisa, now in your possession, I have to state that I consider that of Napoleon to be the best whole-length likeness I have seen of him, and one that conveys a very faithful idea of the original. With respect to the Empress Maria Louisa, I do not feet myself well qualified to pronounce an opinion, only having seen her once in Parma ; but if my recoJection serves me right, it is a good likeness. I remain, dear Sir, very faithfully yours, "BARRY O'MEARA, " To Thomas Stirling, Bsq" "8urgeon to the Emperor Napoleon. THE EMPRESS MARIA LOUISA, Pull Length Portrait painted by command of the Emperor by the Baron Gerard, and which may be considered his masterpiece. The Emperor was so much pleased with it that he ordered it to be worked in tapestry ; this was exhibited in the Louvre. Both the pictures were exchanged by the French authorities for a collection of antiquities. Baron Gerard's Letter.—" I pray Mr. Stirling to allow me to express my regret for the trouble he had in calling at my house. Not being at home, I went to Madame Blanquieres as he requested. The full-length portrait of Maria Louisa is precisely the one I presumed, and the one I took occa- sion te speak, of to Mr. Stirling : I found it in a state ef perfect preservation, as it left my house, never having been varnished. Mr. Stirling ma* therefore rest perfectly satisfied on the subject of It being my work. I shall feel happy if tb. ,s assurance can further his views. I have the honour to remain, with the most perfect consideration, " Your very humble and obedient servant, "GERARD." JOSEPHINE (in her imperial costume). Born in the Island of Martinique, 1763 ; died, 1814. MADAlfdj TUSSAUD & SONS' CATALOGUE. PRINCE LUCIEN (in the costume of a French senator). Fainted by Le Thiere, president of the French Academy at Borne. THE KING OF HOME (painted at Vienna from life by Sale). Francii Charles Joseph, the Emperor's only child, born, March 20, 1811 ; died suddenly, 1833. MADAME MERE, Napoleon's mother j the favourite picture of Prince Lucien, ic whom it belonged. THE PRINCESS CAROLINE, Queen of Naples, the wife of Murat Painted by David. JEROME NAPOLEON, brother to the Emperor (MP length portrait b his royal robes). Born in 1784, and died in 1869. LOUIS, KING- OF HOLLAND. Louis Napoleon, fourth of the sons, and father of the Emperor Napoleon III. PRINCESS PAULINE. Oanova chose her as the most peerless model of beauty in face and form in all Europe. MADAME TUSSAUD & SONS' CATALOGUE. SECOND ROOM. Id which is placed the Carriage taken at Waterloo, purchased, with the authority of the British Government, from the Prince Kegent if Mr. Bullock, for £2,500. THE celebrated highly curious Military Carriage of the Emperor Napoleon, in which he made the campaign of Russia, and which was captured on the evening of the battle of Waterloo, and sent with the officer that took it to the Prince Regent, from srhom it was purchased by Mr. Bullock, of the Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly, for £2,500. The interest excited by it as an exhibition was never exceeded in these kingdoms, 800,000 persons having paid to see it. It accompanied Napoleon in many of his campaigns, and was osed by him as sovereign of Elba, and from its peculiar internal fittings, cannot prove other- wise than highly interesting to the rising generation and to those that recollect the excite- ment that it caused on its arrival, at the glorious termination of the war. (See Letter from Mr. Bullock.) ilr. Bullock's Letter.—" Diar Sik, The French Repeating- Watch which you had of me, I had from Monsieur Mati, of Paris, who wai Valet of the late Emperor of France and accompanied him in his Russian Campaign, and declared it to have been presented to him by Napoleon on his leaving him, after the battle of Leipsic ; and I paid him the same price that I now charge you. He sold It to me with the celebrated. Surtout, lined with sable, as he attested in the presence of Monsieur Agusto Lethiere, son of the President of the French Academy of Rome, and Mr. Jean Home, who wai for many years military Coachman to the Emperor Napoleon, and lost his right arm, when the celebrated Carriage was taken by the Prussian Troops, about fifteen miles from Waterloo, on the evening of the great Battle, that was afterwards purchased by me from his late Majesty George IV. for the sum of j£2,500, and exhibited by me at the Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly, London, as well as in the principal cities in Great Britain and Ireland, by the authority of the Govern- ment, and is the identical Carriage I have just seen in your possession. The Diamonds found in the carriage of Napoleon, taken in Waterloo, were purchased by Mr. Mawe, diamond merchant in the Strand, from Baron Von Keller, the officer who captured them. The present ones with others were purchased by me from Mr. Mawe. 41 T am, dear Sir, your most obedient Servant, " Berlin, Nov. 12." " WM. BULLOCK. WHIP, IN CASE, picked up on the spot when the carriage was taken. FAVOURITE GARDEN CHAIR, used by Napoleon at St. Helena ; also a Drawing-Room Chair: — Travelling Gabb in which were carried Napoleon's Mat- tresses, Pillow, Ac. — State Carriage of the Emperor, built for his Coronation (with the iron crown of Charlemagne) as King of Italy, at Milan, in 1805, and was constantly in the train of the Grand Arm^e, and associated wi*ih historical recollections, rrom the Moniteur Beige of Oct. 15, 1842 :— " There was lately at Brussels an historical curiosity, which is now removed to London, It is the carriage that conveyed the Emperor Napoleon to the field of Waterloo ; was taken by the English during the rout, and, while for a moment aban- doned, recaptured and concealed near Charleroy by some peasants. It was afterwards exhibited In the Church of the Augustines, in Brusssls, and was publicly recognised. It was purchased and brought to London, and bought by Messi-s. Tussaud from Monsieur Bourdon." "Brussels, 23rd April, 1841. »L the undersigned, certify having this day seen a„ Brussels a Berlin, bearing the No. 12, which is publicly recognised as being the one which conducted the Emperor Napoleon on the field of battle, Waterloo. Some speculators having purchased this carriage, for the purpose of exhibiting It in London and Berlin, to the former enemies of France, it is to be wished that the French Government had purchased it. The carriage that conducted Napoleon to Waterloo should, undoubtedly, have W a suitable place in the National Museum. B0NAPARm „ Translated from the French. The above letter Is one of many in the possession of Madame Tussaod * Sows. Also from the Belgian Philanthropic Association of the Veterans of tho Empire. A BEAUTIFUL SET OF COURT JEWELS (Prize Medal, Interna- tional Exhibition, 1862), representing diamonds of the value of £40,000, manufactured by M. Granger, jeweller to the Emperor Napoleon IIL, 11, Boulevart St.-Martin, Paris. 88 MADAME TUSSAUD & SONS' CATALOGUE. CARRIAGE used by the Emperor Napoleon during six years of his exile at Sb. Helena, and the last he ever entered. I Certified by the Counts Montholon and Las Casas. The following is Mr. Rlofeld's letter, from whom it was purchased : — • Dear Bra—In accordance with your request I send you the following brief particulars of the carriage used by the Emperor Napoleon at St. Helena. I purchased it ia 1848, at that Island, of Major Charles Sampson, an officer who had lived highly respected the for more than fifty years, and who sravo the following certificate ; " • Received from Mr. John Blofeld, for Bonaparte's old carriage, the fa^ ased by him on the Island of St. Helena.' (Here follows the amount paid.) Major 0. Sampson.' w In 1850, I went to Paris, where I showed it to General Count Montholon and Count Emmanuel de Las Casas ; these gentlemen immediately recognised it, and both said they had frequently rode in it with the Emperor, and they most kindly gave me the following certificates, which, as you pur- chased the Carriage, I enclose. General Montholon informs me that the Emperor always used it, drawn by four horses, ridden by two postillions, with the head of the carriage down. Certificates : *" I hereby certify that the carriage shown to nn, at Paris, by Mr. John Blofeld, is the actual carriage used by the Emperor Napoleon at the Island of St. Helena ' General Montholon.' •* * I hereby certify that the carriage shown to me by Mr. John Blofeld, and purchased by him of Major 0. Sampson, of St. Helena, is the actual carriage used by the Emperor NapoKon on that Island. 'Emanuel de las Casas.' *' I remain, dear Sirs, yo v rs faithfully, "JOHN BLOFELD. " Messrs. Joseph and Francis Tussaud, "London, Jan. 8, 1851." A SMALL TABLE, being a copy of the one on which he signed his abdication at Fontainebleau.— Swobds in glass case. — Thb Swobd used by Napoleon during his cam- paign in Egypt, which was presented by Prince Louis-Napoleon, since Emperor of the French, to Dr. O'Meara in testimony of his grateful sense of hie attention to the Emperor at Saint Helena. Sold on the death of Dr. O'Meara by Mr. Robins. — A Swobd OB Hokotje, picked up at Waterloo, usually presented to brave officers on the field of battle. This one bears the name of Junot. GUN presented to M. Cuetius (Madame Tussaud's uncle) by the National Assembly as being one of those that took the Bastile. GLASS CASE containing relics.— A Gold Repeating- Watoh of considerable value, presented by Napoleon to Mr. Mati, who was the Emperor's valet, and accompanied him in his Russian campaign ; the valet declared it to have been presented to him on leaving the Emperor's service, after the battle of Leipsic. (See Mr. Bullock's letter.) — A Cambo Ring, presented by Napoleon to Prince Lucien ot their reconciliation. (Affirmed.) —A Diamond found in the carriage when taken by the Prussians, and made into a pin, worn by Mr. Bullock during many years. (See letter.) — TOOTH BfiUBH from Napoleon's dressing-case, late the property of Prince Lucien. (Affirmed.) — Tablb-Knieb taken in the carriage at Waterloo. Purchased at Mr. Bullock's sale. — A Pookbt Hand- j oechibf. (Affirmed.)— Undbb Neckbbohiee. Used by the Emperor at Saint Helena, late the property of Lucien. (Affirmed.) GLASS CASE— The Countbbpanb used on the Camp Bed on which Napoleon died, stained with his blood. (Affirmed.) GLASS CASE.— A Desseet Knieb, Foek, and Spoon, bequeathed by the Emperor to his brother the ex-King of Spain, by whom it was afterwards presented to Dr. O'Meara with the following testimonial:— "London, April 7,1835. — Remembrance te Dr. O'Meara, for the religious regard he entertained for the memory of my brother Napoleon : this service used by him he bequeathed to me, and I bequeath It to a common friend, whose fidelity is very rare in the present age. (Sold by Mr. Robins.) «« JOSEPH BONAPARTE, Count de SurvUliers." TWO GIRANDOLES, presented by Napoleon to the Duchess of Cannizaro ; they are of splendid workmanship, and are estimated to have cost £800. — Thb celebrated Flag of Elba, presented by Napoleon to the National Guards of Elba, and after- wards used by him on his return to France. It is composed of the tri-colourod silk, and the whole of the ornaments are elaborately embroidered in silver : the reverse side has exactly the same ornaments, with the inscription Champ db Mai, as it was again pre- sented by the Emperor to his guards at that celebrated meeting a short time before they inarched for Waterloo, where it was taken by the Prussians, and by them sold te an English gentleman, and, being brought to England, was in the possession of Bernard i Brocas, Esq., of Workfield, till his death, when it was sold by Mr. Robins. The glass j MADAME TUSSATJD & SONS' CATALOG-HE. case also contains the waistcoat, small clothes, morning gown, and sword-belt, usually worn by Napoleon, late the property of Prince Lucien. ( Affirmed) .— OBIGINAL Case Op Napoleon, in bronze, taken after his death, &c. t THE READING- CHAIR of the celebrated Voltaire, used by him in 1770 at Pans. From the collection of Lady Morgan. COFFEE CUP used by the Emperor during several years at Saint Helena, pre- sented to Mr. Herve as a relic of inestimable value by a friend holding a high situation in that island, kindly presented by him to Madame Tussaud and Sons.— -Splendid Gold Snuffbox, presented to Prince Lucien by Napoleon on their reconciliation. (Affirmed.) —Spoon, taken in the carriage. Bought at Mr. Bullock's sale.— Small Bottle, con- taining scent, taken in the carriage. — Tooth of Napol40N, extracted by Dr. O'Mearaj it is said that the Emperor suffered much, and had three extracted by him. On visiting Italy the Doctor gave one to Mad. Mere, one to the ex-King of Spain, Joseph, and the last he kept. Sold by Mr. Rohins, — Bblt of the King of Rome, of exquisite workman- ship; the mounting of fine gold. Worn with an hussar uniform. — A SiNGULiB Secret Clock, containing a small figure of Napoleon, late the property of Lucien. (Affirmed.) GLASS CASE. — A Shibt, Undeb Waistcoat, Dbawebs, and Madbas Hand- kebchief, worn by the Emperor in exile. (Affirmed.) PIECE OF THE CELEBRATED WILLOW TREE, under which Napoleon used to sit, and where he was afterwards buried.— Fendbb from the dining- room. — Washhand-stand. — Towel-stand. — Bed-boom Table. — Chair made from the Willow Tree, and a favourite Garden Chair.— Part of a Tbtjnk of a Tbee planted by the Emperor. — Chair from the drawing-room. — The highly- carious Toilette Box was superintended by Maria Louisa, and presented by her to the Emperor on his departure for Russia. It contained more luxuries and conveniences than have ever been packed in the fame space. On the carriage being taken, this box first attracted the attention of the Prussians : the lid was broken, and the contents, together with about 300 diamonds, wele taken.— Desseet Sebvice of Twenty-eight Pieces, used by the Emperor at St. Helena; purchased by Captain Sheppard,of His Majesty's ship Brazen, and presented to a friend; purchased from Mr. Emanuel, Bond Street. — Exquisite Miniatubes in Oil, by Monsieur Mansion. Piotube of Napoleon entering Vienna, by David. — Napoleon crossing the Alps.— Louis XIV. on Horseback, by Parosel. THE PRINCIPAL KEY OF THE BASTILE, bought at the sale of the Great Historical Collection at Messrs. Chinnock and Galswobthy'S Sale Rooms, 11, Waterloo Place, Pall Mall. THE KEY OF THE PRINCIPAL GATE AND A STONE, 24 inches by 16 inches, from the Centre Enf ranca of the Bastile in Paris, whichwas demolished by the populace, July 14th, 1789. It is fastened to the Stone by iron hooks, driven into wood plugs let in to hold it. There is also a Ground Plan of the Building, surrounded by the national colours, and a drawing of the then Presidents Monument, with the Autograph Certificate of M. Palloy, framed and glazed, with the inscription, cut in capitals round the Stone:— " Cette Pierre vient des Cachots de la Bastile; donne a M. Moreau St. Mery, President des Eleetewrs t 1789, par le Patriate Palloy, Van, 4V' It is let into an appropriate carved oak frame. Alio a drawiog of the above, and the Ungmal letter to M. Palloy, from the Mayor of Pari?, J.S. Bailly, thanking him for the Stone, and inviting him to dine. The key was added to it subsequently. A Note written by the Man with the Iron Mask on part of a leaf from one of his books, found by M. Palloy, afterwards Mayor of Paris, among the ruins under the floor of his cell. ihese &Te considered to be the greatest and the best historical mementoe? of that deplorable place ot cruelty and desolation. It was formerly a royal castle, built in 1369, by Charles V, for tho defence of Paris agaiust the English it was completed in 1383,. It was_afterwarda used as a State prison, and became tae scene of much suffering. Henry IV. ana nis veteran army assailed it in vain in the seige of Paris, 1587. 1594. THE CELEBRATED ATLAS used by the Emperor Napoleon, in which are Plans oTsIveVaTBattfcs, drawn with hi, own hand. Also a Pocket H^^cESeS him after the battle of Montmirial, at the Hotel de la Poste aux Chevaux & ^ Chateau Thierry. Attested by numerous witnesses before the Mayor of that town, in loia. 40 MADAME TUSSAUD & SONS' CATALOGUE. CAMP EQUIPAGE OP THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON I., late the property of Babgn Von Kellbr, deceased. Taken with the Carriage at Genappe, and retained by the Baron as a souvenir of the Emperor. The various utensils were used in Russia, and were always attached to the travelling carriage. The following were purchased by Madame Tussaud and Sons at the sale of E.B.H. the Duke of Sussex at Messrs. Christie's. Pteob of the Cloth of Gold, from the field of that name ; time of Henry VIII. —Riband of Loed Nelson; Order of the Bath.— -Stab and Gaeteb presented by George IV. to the Duke of Sussex. — Snupe-box originally belonging to James II. — A Paste Stab worn by the Duke of Sussex. — Cap worn by the Duke in the presence of the King and Queen. — Thbeb Embboidebed Stabs of the Gabteb. — Riband of the Gabteb, Thistle, arid ^t. Pateice.— Obdeb of the Gabteb worn by the Duke.— Shob of Pope Pius VI. — Autogbaphs of George IV. and William IV.— Haib of the late Marquis of Wellesley, elder brother of the Duke of Wellington.— Handkebchiep of George IV — Haib of George III. — The Knipe with which Margaret Nicholson attempted to assassinate George III. — Pais of Spues of the Duke of Sussex, worn at court. Magnificent Piotube on Glass, painted by Monsieur Lagrenee, of Paris. — This picture was valued at a great sum j it is now estimated at 500 guineas. Shibt of Henry IV. ot France, worn by him when stabbed by Ravaillac, in 1610. The stain of blood which issued from the wound is still to be seen upon it. The remainder of the dress worn at the time by the royal victim of bigotry was formerly in the possession of Charles X., who, 'when Madame Tussaud was in Edinburgh, wished to purchase the •hirt for 200 guineas j but she declined parting with such a curiosity. Previously to its coming into ^the possession of Madame Tussaud, it had been in that of her uncle, M. Curtius, who purchased it at an auction of the valuable effects belonging to Cardinal Mazarin. Casb of Relics collected by Madame Tussaud and Sons.— Coat worn by Lord Nelson at the battle of the Nile, with stars, and afterwards made into a dress coat. — Coat and Waistcoat of the Duke of Wellington, presented by him to Haydon the painter, and from which he painted the coat in his picture for the Town Hall, Liverpool. — Waistcoat of Joseph Bonaparte. — Swoed of George IV. — Riband of the Legion of Honot/b worn by Louis- Philippe.— S ash of the Duke of Kent.— Stockings of Napoleon.— Rings of the late Royal Family of France.— -Sash of the Duke of Cambridge. Model of Longwood, St. Helena, where Napoleon died. — Magnifioini Wateb- coloub Dbawing of the Battlb of Watebloo, by a German artist, Fischor. — Medicine Chest, originally belonging to Napoleon III. — Diploma of the Legion of Honour, with Napoleon's signature. In consequence of the Moles of His late Majesty George IV., being in a state of decay from age and exposure to the air t they have been removed and 'placed under glass to prevent total loss. DESCRIPTION — The Crimson Robe on your right was worn by His Majesty in the procession to Westminster Abbey, and borne by nine eldest sons of Peers. The Rofej opposite is the Purple or Imperial Robe used by His Majesty on his return from the Abbey. On your left is the one used at the opening of Parliament. The three Robei contain 567 feet of velvet and embroidery, and with the ermine linings are said to have cost £18,000. The splendid Crown was copied by permission from the original model, by Rundell and Bridges. The Sceptre, &c., &c from the originals. Madame Tussaud and Sons, In introducing the Coronation Robes of His Majesty George IV., feel happy that it has fallen to their lot to have the honour of exhibiting this splendid production of British skill to the public. Much credit is due to the artists employed, and too much praise cannot be given to Messrs. Holbecks, of New Bond-street, who were honoured by the royal commands as embroiderers. These superb robes prove that British skilL when directed by taste and liberality, can attain, in every branch of the useful arts, the highest excellence. END OF GOLDEN CHAMBER. MADAME TUSSAUD & SONS' CATALOGUE. CHAMBER OF HOKRORS. " HE 13 A SHALLOW CHITIC," pithily remarks the " DaUy Telegraph" in its leading article (March 20, 1868), on the Todmorden murder, " WHO WONDERS AT THE PUBLIC .INTEREST IN GREAT CRIMES, AND FINDS FAULT WITH IT." In consequence of the peculiarity of the appearance of the ollowing hlghl? 'interesting Figures and Objects, they are placed in a separate room. The sensation created oy the crimes of Rush, Man- nings, &c, was so great that thousands were unable to satisfy their curiosity. It therefore induced Madame Tussaud & Sons to expend a large sum in building a suitable room for the purpose; and they need scarcely assure the public that ao far from the exhibition of the likenesses of criminals creating a desire to Imitate them, Experience teaches them that it has a direct tendency to the contrary. 1. DTJMOLLARD AND HIS WIFE. These fiends lived by decoying young women, under the pretence of getting them situations, into a wood near Lyons, in France, and brutally murdering them by garotting, and after taking all they possessed, clothes, 4c, put their bodies into a new-made grave, previously prepared. In this manner they despatched seventeen or eighteen ; but at length, being detected, Dumollard suffered death, and his wife was sentenced to the galleys for life. 2. NAlf A SAHIB. The Indian Mutiny of 1857, fruitful as it has been in atrocious crimes, produced the monster Nana, who, although externally distinguished amongst his countrymen as much above them in knowledge and European usages, was at heart a savage. Instead of making war against his fellow-men, he made it against inno- cent women and children, whom he caused to be butchered without mercy ; bringing desolation to the heroes then in India, and mourning to the homes of their relatives in England. Havelock defeated him (July 16) at Puttehpore, and retook Cawnpore the day after. 3. WALTER MILLER, the murderer of the Rev. Mr. Huelin and his housekeeper, Mrs. Ann Boss, at 15, Paulton Square, Chelsea, on May 11, 1870. The murder was discovered by a van proprietor, named Piper, who was employed by Miller for the purpose of removing a box Baid to contain a variety of goods. The box was found to contain the body of Mrs. Boss, the housekeeper of Mr. Huelin. On his being given into custody a portion of his clothing was identified as having belonged to Mr. Huelin, also several deeds relating to property possessed by that gentleman. Miller was tried on July 14, found guilty, and executed on August 1, 1870. Piper, the carman, was rewarded with a sum of £50. 4. TRAUPMANN, executed at Paris on January 19, 1870, for the murder of the Kinck family at Pantin, under circumstances of brutality which language cannot describe. The family, six in number, were decoyed one by one and despatched in detail and buried in a field. The discovery was made on September 22, 1869. The trial lasted four days. The prisoner, on hearing his sentence, smiled and bowed to the court. He walked to the guillotine in a most agitated manner. 5. EDWARD OXFORD, who conceived the diabolical act of murdering the Queen and Prince Albert, whom he shot at in their progress up Constitution Hill, on June 1.0, 1840, was a lad some seventeen or eighteen years of age, and either a consum- mate villain or a maniac. He was tried July 9, declared insane, and condemned to incarceration for life. At last he received a free pardon, subject only to the very proper provision that he should expatriate himself, and never return to British shores. 42 MADAME TUSSAUD & SONS' CATALOGUE. 6. JAMES BLOMFIELD RUSH. (Taken from life at Norwich, dreised as he appeared on the occasion of his trial,) Executed at Norwich on April 21. 1849, for the murders of Mr. Jermy and his son at Stanfield Hall, on November 28, 1848. At his execution an immense black banner was unfurled from the battlements of Norwich Castle, to mark the extraordinary guilt of the prisoner. 7. MARIA MANNING and GEORGE MANNING. It would be im- possible to describe the astonishing effect produced on the iuhabitants of the metropolis by the horrible murder of Mr. O'Connor ; few would credit that a man and wife could have fallen bo low in infamy. They were tried at the Old Bailey on October 25, 1849. The trial lasted three days, and after the most conclusive evidence they were convicted, and executed at Horsemonger Lane Gaol, November 13, 1849. ^ 8. FREDERICK HINSON. Executed at Newgate December 13, 1869, for thejnurder of his paramour, Maria Death, at Wood Green, Middlesex. 9. FREDERICK BAKER, formerly a clerk in an attorney's office, murdered Fanny Adams, a Itei* girl at Alton, Hants, and mutilated the body in a most revolting manner. Early in the afternoon of August 4th, 1867, his victim was playing with several children in a meadow, near Alton Church, near which spot, after enticing her from her compinions, he committed the fearful crime for which he was convicted, on the most conclusive evidence, and executed at Winchester Castle, December 24, 1867. 10. WILLIAM BOUSFIELD. Executed at the Old Bailey, March 31, 1856, for having in a fit of jealousy, aided by intemperance, murdered his wife and three children by cutting their throats ; failing in an attempt on his own life, he walked to Bow Street Police Station and gave himself up. The acene at his txecution was most frightful, Whilst the wretched man was on the drop the bells of the neighbouring churches were ringing out merry peals in celebration cf the Peace just concluded. 11. DANIEL GOOD. (Taken from life.) The murderer ot Jane Jones at Garnard Lodge, Roehampton. The murder was discovered by accident, Good having been charged by a pawnbroker for stealing a pair of trousers. The police went to search the premises ; but, on the officers entering the stable, Good being coachman, he became greatly agitated, and when they entered the fourth stall he rushed out and locked them in. Beneath some hay they found an object they could not understand, but which on examination proved to be the trunk of a female. It was impossible to identify the remains j but from evidence produced at the inquest, the jury found the body to be that of Jane Jones, or Good, and that Good had wilfully murdered her. Good evaded detection for about two weeks, when he was discovered working as a bricklayer's labourer at Tunbridge. He was committed to Maidstone Gaol, and, being identified, was conveyed to London, tried, and found guilty on May 14, 1842.' He was executed on May 23, 1842. 12. ORSINI, was a native of the Roman States, and of noble family. At an early age he became affected by revolutionary doctrines, which ended with the sacrifice of his life. He was guillotined in Paris, on March 13, 1858, for attempting the lives of the late Emperor Napoleon III, and the Empress, on their visit to the Italian Opera. 13. GIOVANNI PIANORI, in a camisole-de-force, worn by criminals (to prevent suicide), was executed on the morning of May 14, 1855, for attempting (April 28, 1855) the life of the late Emperor of the French at the corner of the Rue Balzac, by twice firing at him with a double-barrelled pistol. 14. PIERRI, a native ot the Roman States, participated in the attempt on he life of the late Emperor Napoleon, for which he was guillotined on March 13, 1858. 15. "THE FLOWERY LAND" PIRATES. John Lyons, Francisco Blanco, Ambrosio (or Mauucio) Duranno, Basilio de los Santos Marsolino, and Miguel Lopez, Spaniards j George Carlos, Greek ; and Marcus Vartoi (or Watto), a Turkish subject j were tried at the Old Bailey on February 14, 1864, for the murder of the captain—although the mate, the captain's brother, the steward, and several others had been barbarously murdered. Seven were found guilty, and sentenced to death j Carlos, MADAME TUSSAUD & SONS* CATALOGUE. 43 tried a second time for scuttling the ship, was sentenced to ten years* penal servitude. Five were exeouted at the Old Bailey on February 22, 1864 j the sentence of two being commuted to penal servitude for life. 16. WILLIAM PALMER. The annals of crime have not produced a more cold-blooded murderer. Under the guise of love and friendship, he sacrificed his victims to gratify his lust for gold ; and, callous to the voice of nature, he coolly smiled at the torture he inflicted, calculating the effect of each dose of poison, and the time that it would take effect. Palmer was educated as a surgeon. He was executed at Stafford, for the murder of J. P. Cook, June 14, 1856. 17. DR. EDWARD WILLIAM PRITCHARD. Executed at Glasgow for the murder of his wife and her mother by poison, July 28, 1865. Dr. Pritchard was apprehended in June, 1865, on his return from burying Mrs. Pritchard, and excited the greatest interest in Edinburgh, which increased in intensity as step by step the com- plicated succession of cruelties came to be unravelled. He was hanged in front of Glasgow Gaol, in presence of an immense crowd. 18. THOMAS FULLER BACON, tried May 13, 1857, with his wife, Martha Bacon, at the Old Bailey, for the murder of their two children by cutting their throats in a house in Four- Acre Street, Lambeth, on December 28, 1856. Bacon, who had some time previously been acquitted at Stamford on a charge of arson, had sentence of death recorded against him on J uly 28, 1865, for poisoning his mother by administering prussic acid during the summer of 1855. 19. CHARLOTTE WINSOR, better known as the " Baby Farmer." Tried at Exeter with Mary Jane Harris, for the murder of the infant child of Harris, a servant girl, on March 17, 1865. The jury, after being locked up, could not agree, and were discharged ; but the judge ordered the prisoners to be detained in custody. They were again brought up for trial on July 25 ; but the capital sentence was from time to time deferred till a decision could be arrived at, which was her consignment to prison for the term of her natural life. 20. JAMES GREEN ACRE, the murderer of Hannah Brown, whose body he mutilated, and the remains of which he dispersed in various parts of the metropolis. He was executed May 2, 1837. On the dock, the knife may be seen that was used by Greenacre to cut up his victim. 21. WILLIAM GODFREY YOUNGMAN, found guilty of the foul murders, in his father's house, Manor Place, Walworth, oi his sweetheart, a young woman named Mary Wells Stretter, his mother, and two brothers, by first stabbing them and then cutting their throats. He was executed at Horsemonger Lane Gaol, September, 4, 1860, in presence of nearly 30,000 spectators. 22. MRS. CATHERINE WILSON, "The Poisoner," executed at Newgate, October 20, 1862 , for poisoning Mrs. Soames, of Bedford Square. 23 CONSTANCE KENT, tried at the Salisbury Assizes, July 21, 1865, charged, on her own confession, with the murder of her brother (three years old), Francis Saville Kent, on June 29, 1860. Suspicion rested for some time on the nurse, and she was twice taken before the magistrates, but as nothing could be proved against her, she was discharged. On April 25, 1865, Miss Kent being an inmate of St. Mary's Hospital, Brighton, made a confession in writing. She was committed for trial and pleaded guilty. The learned judge, in the usual terms, passed sentence of death upon the prisoner. This was afterwards commuted to confinement during Her Majesty's pleasure. 24. WILLIAM SHEWARD. Convicted on his own confession, and pri r vately executed at Norwich, for the murder of his wife, Tuesday, April 20, 1869. He had murdered her many years before, and concealed the remains. His guilty conscience would not permit him to rest. He voluntarily gave himself up, saying he could keep the secret no longer. He was found guilty, and sentenced to death. After the murder, he married a second wife, by whom he had several children. 25. MOSES HATTO, groom ; tried, found guilty, and sentenced to death 44 MADAME TUSSAUD & SONS' CATALOGUE. on November 1, 1856, for the murder — in a fit of passionate revenge — of Mary Ann Sturgeon, housekeeper to Mr. Goodwin, of Burnham Abbey Farm, near Windsor. After being ordered for execution, he, on the same night, confessed his guilt. 26. DANIEL M'NAUGHTEN, born at Glasgow, which place he quitted through fancying he was persecuted by the Tories and Catholics, glutted his revenge on the unfortunate Mr. Drummond, whom he mistook for Sir Bobert Peel, whose secretary he was, by shooting him with a pistol at Charing Cross, for which he was tried March 4, 1843. The jury returned a verdict of Not Guilty on the ground of insanity, and the pri- soner was ordered to be kept in confinement during Her Majesty's pleasure. 27. RICHARD GOULD. (Taken from life.) This atrocious wretch mur- dered Mr. Templeman, who resided at Islington. As there was no direct evidence, Gould escaped the punishment that was his due j he was acquitted on the charge of murder, June 22, 1840, but, on his second trial, was found guilty of robbing the house of his victim, and transported for life. & 28. EMANUEL BAR T HELEM Y, a French refugee, whom, notwith- sti'.nding his ferocious piofessions of Republicanism, other French refugees always sus« pected to be in the pay of the French police, was tried and sentenced to death tor the murder of George Moore with a loaded cane, in his own house, Warren Street, Maryle- bone. He died impenitent and unbelieving. f I don't want forgiveness of God," he often said, " I want forgiveness of men. 1 want these doors to be opened." He was executed, December 22, 1854. 29. DR. COUTY DE LA POMMERAIS, poisoner, guillotined. From a photograph and other authorities, by M. Jb'risquart, 23, Rue Louis le Grand, Paris. 30. WILLIAM DOVE, born in Leeds, and when executed, August 9, 1856, was 28 years of age. He was tried at the York Assizes, July 16, 1856, for poisoning his wife by administering strychnia in medicine. The trial lasted three days, and ended in a verdict of Guilty, with a recommendation to mercy on the ground of defective intellect j but he was subsequently executed. 31. WILLIAM SAMUEL HUNT. On November 7, 1863, murdered his wife and two children in a cab, by administering prussic acid, which he mixed with some beer obtained at a house in Bishopsgate Street, whilst being driven to Westbourne Grove. Two days afterwards he poisoned himself with aconite, whilst the police were endeavouriug to effect an entrance into his house. 32. GEORGE MULLINS, tried at the Old Bailey, October 25, 1860, for the murder of Mrs. Emsley, au jtged widow lady of considerable means, but parsimoaious habits, residing in Grove Road, Stepney. From information given by Mullins, a neigh- bour named Emm, who collected the rents for the deceased, was arrested, and some of the stolen property found in an outhouse to which any person could obtain access. The evidence against Emm being inconclusive, Mullins himself was arrested. He was tried, found guilty, sentenced to death, and executed at Newgate, November 19, 1860, having written a statement declaring his belief that Emm was innocent. 33. FIESCHI. (Taken from life in Paris, 1835.) Represented in the act of applying the match to the Infernal Machine. Fieschi, the demon who attempted the lives of the King of the French and his sons, was a native of Corsica. He fired an in- fernal machine, as the King rode along the lines of the National Guard, on the Boulevard du Temple, accompanied by his sons and suite. The King and his eons escaped, but Mar- shal Mortier was shot dead, and many officers were dangerously wounded. He and hia confederates in the plot were tried July 28, 1835, in the Court of Peers, and condemned to the guillotine. Fieschi died as he had lived — a miscreant, February 19, 1836. 34. RAVAILLAC. Francis Ravaillac was born at Angouleme, and being a gloomy fanatic, and having conceived that Henry IV., King of France, the " Henry of Navarre " of Macaulay's splendid * Battle of Ivry," had given him offence, he mortally stabbed him, May 14, 1610, while in his coach and surrounded by his guards. The act was one of great wickedness : but the punishment inflicted on Ravaillac was a disgrace to his MADAME TUSSAUD & SONS' CATALOGUE. 45 judges : his right hand was consumed in a caldron of boiling brimstone— his flesh was pulled from his bones with red hot pincers— boiling oil, resin, and brimstone were poured on his wounds, and melted lead on his navel. To put an end to his miseries, four horses were fastened to the four quarters of his body, and on the horses being whipped he was literally torn to pieces. 35. JOHN JONES, alias OWEN, the murderer ot the Marshall family, at Denham, Uxbridge, was apprehended on May 24, 1870. The victims were Emanuel Marshall, Mrs. Marshall, Mary Ann Marshall his sister, Mary Marshall the grandmother, and Gertrude, Theresa, and Mary, three children aged eight, six, and four years. This inhuman monster despatched his victims one after another with a large smith's hammer. Was tried at Aylesbury on July 22, 1870. At the conclusion of the judge's address the prisoner stepped from the box, saying, in a jaunty manner, " Thank you, sir." He was executed at Aylesbury. The murdered family were buried in Denham Churchyard, amid many outward tokens of the grief excited in the neighoournood by the perpetration of the terrible crime, on May 27, 1870. 36. MARGUERITE DIXBLANCS, the murderess of Madame Kiel in Park Lane, April 6, 1872. Dixblancs was tracked through France by the English detec- tives, and arrested at a charbonnier's shop at St. Denis, at the very moment she had con- fessed her guilt to the charbonnier, who was then deliberating about giving her into custody. A portion of the missing property being found in her possession, she was brought to London on Monday, April 20, and on Wednesday committed for trial. Was tried, June 14, found guilty, and sentenced to death, bat the jury recommended her to mercy. She was reprieved, and ordered to be detained daring Her Majesty's pleasure. 37. ROBERT MARLEY, or JENKINS, a surgical instrument maker, was apprehended on October 20, 1856, for the murder, in the open day, of Richard Cope, a jeweller in Parliament Street, by beating him with a life-preserver. Marley, whose object was supposed to be plunder, was scared during his attack. His arrest was mainly owing to a lad who had seen him leave the shop, and who communicated his suspicion* to ■ome passers-by, who captured him in Palace Yard. He was tried, November 28, found guilty, and executed at .Newgate on December 15, 1856. 38. MILES WETHERALL. Executed at Manchester, April 4, 1868, for the murder at Todmorden, of the Rev. A. Plew and his housemaid. The latter he •hot dead on the spot. The reverend gentleman died from his wounds on the 12th, and the infant on the same day. Mrs. Plews died in March fellowing, 1869. Wetherall was tried at Manchester, February 13, 1868. Mr. Justice Lush described the outrage as almost without parallel in the annals of crime. 39. COXJRVOISIER. A native of Switzerland (taken from life, and cast from his face after death;. Francis Benjamin Courvoisier was the brutal murderer of Lord William Russell (in whose service he was a valet), who was in the 72nd year of his age. His guilt was increased by his endeavour to incriminate his innocent fellow-servants. He was tried, sentenced to death, and executed, July 6, 1840. 40. LTJIG-I BTJRONELLI, an Italian by birth, executed, April 30, 1855, for the murder of Joseph Latham (or Lambert), Foley Place, Marylebone, by shooting him through the head, and also attempting to murder Mrs. Lambert, by wounding her in the head and neck. At his trial a plea of insanity was set up, but the jury unanimously found him guilty. 41. FRANZ MULLER. (From life.) Corrected from the original cast, taken, with the" permission of Mr. Sheriff Dakin, by Dr. Donovan, of the School of Phrenology, 111, Strand. Franz Muller, the murderer of Mr. Briggs, in a railway carriage on the North London Line, was a native of Germany, and had resided in London a considerable time, where he worked at his trade as a tailor. The culprit was traced by the police to New York, brought back, tried, and condemned on the clearest evidence, and executed November 14, 1864. 42. BURKE and HARE. (The Model of Borke, taken within three hours after hit execution ; and that of Hare from Life, in the prison of Edinburgh.) The annals 46 MADAME TUSSAUD & 80NS' CATALOGUE. of crime can scarcely exhibit two agenti equal in atrocity to the subjects of this group. Allured by the prospects of gain held out by the Professors of Anatomy in Edinburgh, they undertook to furnish, from time to time, a number of subjects for the practice of the students. This practice they carried on for upwards of ten months, during which numbers ot persons disappeared in a manner that could not be accounted for. A dis- covery was at length made : Burke was convicted on the evidence of Hare, and executed at Edinburgh, January 27, 1829. Hare, in consideration of his having turned King's evidence, was again let loose upon the world. 43. DENNIS COLLINS. He attempted the life of William IV. at Ascot Heath races on June 19, 1832 j was sentenced to transportation for life but died on the passage. 44. MARAT. (Taken immediately alter his assassination, by order of the National Assembly.) John Paul Marat, one of the atrocious leaders of the French Bevolution, was born at Bawdry, near Neufchatel, in Switzerland, 1764 ; he first attracted notice by his attacks on the ministry, and particularly Mons. Necker, in his " Publiciste Parisien ; " and his notoriety was much increased by his next publication, " L'Ami du Peuple," in which he recommended revolt, pillage, and murder ; he excited the soldiers to assassinate their generals, the poor to seize the property of the rich, and the profligate to cut off the respectable part of their countrymen. This execrable wretch might have added to the number of his victims,, had not a young heroine named Charlotte Corday, whose lover had been assassinated by his orders, with the spirit of a Judith, determined to rid the world of such a monster; and having obtained access to him in his bath, she, with a knife, laid the tyrant dead at her feet J uly 14, 1793. She was, of course, condemned to the scaffold. As she was being conducted thither, a deputy of the city of Mayence, named Adam Lux, was so transported with admiration of her beauty and heroism, that he hastened to the tribunal and demanded to suffer death in her stead. The boon was not conceded to him ; but he was also condemned and executed by the same guillotine. 45. STEWART AND HIS WIFE. (Taken from their faces, three hours after execution.) Stewart and his wife, convicted of poisoning and robbing the captain of a trading vessel, were executed at Edinburgh, on Wednesday, August 19, 1829. Stewart was born at Stonnykirk in 1799 ; his real name was Bradfoot. He had for many years carried on the horrid practice of administering laudanum to his victims, in order to rob them; and the deaths of nine individuals have been traced to be the work of this diabolical wretch. 45.* MARY ANNA COTTON. The series of cold-blooded murders for which this wretch was hanged on the morning of Monday, March 24th, 1873, are crimes against which no punishment in history can atone for. The child she rocked on her knee to-day was poisoned to-morrow. Most of her murders were committed for petty gains ; and she killed off husbands and children with the unconcern of a farm-girl killing poultry. The story of her crimes is still fresh in the public mind. MADAME TUSSAUD & SONS' CATALOGUE. 47 MODELS AND RELICS. 46. MODEL OP THE BASTILE. The Bastile was a state prison in Paris, surronnded by a river or fosse, and mounted by cannon, which, under the despotism of successive sovereigns of France, was the scene of the most unheard-of cruelties. Among the prisoners released at the destruction of the Bastile, were a Major White, a Scotchman, and the Count de Lorge, who had been confined thirty years. 47. MODEL OP STANPIELD HALL (used during the Rush trial at Norwich), the scene of so many remarkable events and fearful crimes, and one of the oldest manors in England. As will be remembered, in the year 1849 it was in the possession of Mr. Jermy, whose murder, with others, by John Blomfield Bush, under circumstances most atrocious, is familiar to many. 48. MODEL OP MRS. EMSLEY'S HOUSE. See No. 32. 49. THE MODEL OP THE GUILLOTINE, from the original draw- ings by Monsieur Sansom, of Paris. It may not be generally known that the family of Sansom have been the hereditary executioners for many generations. This is the first guillotine, the original size, ever seen in England, being exact in every detail as the one in use. 50. COUNT DE LORGE, represented as in prison in the Bastile. (Taken from lile.) The existence of the unfortunate man in the Bastile has by same been doubted, but Madame Tussaud was herself a witness of bis having been taken out of that prison, July 14, 1789. Madame Tussaud was then residing ia the house of her uncle, No. 20, Boulevard du Temple, Paris, where the Count wa3 brought, but his chains had been taken off. The poor man, unused to liberty for thirty years, seemed to be in a new world; free- dom bad no joys for him ; he had lost his relatives, and habit made him repine for the solitude from which he had been tasen; he frequently with tears would beg to be restored to his dungeon. The unfortunate Count lived but six weeks after his liberation ; his confinement was for giving offence to a minister. 51. THE MOST EXTRAORDINARY RELIC IN THE WORLD — a melancholy recollection of the first French Bevolution. The original Knife and Lunette, the identical instrument that decapitated 22,000 persons, amongst whom were the unfortunate Louis XVI., Marie Antoinette, Madame Elizabeth, the Due of Orleans, Kobespierre, and shed the best and worst blood of France j bought by Madame Tussaud and Sons from M. Sansom, the grandson of the original executioner. M. Guillotin, a French physician, brought it into use by mechanical improvements, and it received his name, only by making it feminine, by adding the e final (Guillotine). M. Guillotin died in Paris, in 1814. 48 MADAME TUSSAUD & SONS' CATALOGUE. HEADS. 52. HEBERT. (Taken immediately after his execution, by order of the French National Assembly.) Jacques-Rene Hebert was a native of Alencon, whom the French revolution raised to consequence. As the writer of " Pere Duchesne/* an abusive paper, he acquired popularity ; and by bitterly inveighing against Queen Marie- Antoinette, he maintained his character for brutality and cruelty, which he had acquired by defending the horrors of August 10, and the murders of September. In attempting to oppose the Commune of Paris to the authority of the Convention, he drew upon himself the ven- geance of Robespierre, and was guillotined in 1794. 53. FOUQUIEB TINVILLE. (Taken immediately after his execution, by order of tl* 3 National Assembly.) Antonio-Quentin-Fouquier Tinville, a Frenchman of infa- mous memory, born near St. Quentin; from a bankrupt he became the friend of Robespierre, and so sanguinary was his conduct that he was deemed by that tyrant worthy to be the public accuser. In this office he displayed the most vindictive character j the young, the aged, and the innocent, were hurried with insulting indifference to the scaffold. In one instance, in four hours, eighty individuals were devoted to immediate death, when one of the gaolers observed, that a person before the tribunal was not the accused, Fouquier said wich unconcern that one was as good as another, and the victim was marched to the guillotine. His hand was not stayed by the fall of Robespierre, and on the day of the arrest of the latter, he coolly remarked, as he affixed his signature to the condemnation of forty-two individuals. " Ah I Robespierre arrested. What does it matter? Justice must be done 1" Punishment came, though late j and in November, 1794, he too was guillotined 54. LOOTS XVI. and MARIE- ANTOINETTE— See Nos. 17—19, 55. ROBESPIERRE. (Taken immediately after his execution, in 1794, by order of the .National Assembly.) Maximilian-Isidore Robespierre, a sanguinary dema- gogue, during the French Revolution, was born at Arras, of poor parents, in 1759, and educated at the expense of the bishop of the diocese. After studying at Paris, he applied himself to the law, and in 1784, obtained the prize of the Academy, at Metz, by his discour se on the disgrace which attends the relations of criminals. At the meeting of the Constituent Assembly, he obtained a seat, but was distinguished more by the originality of his observations than by his eloquence. Such was the influence of this monster, that France forgot her honour and her religion at his command. After he had seen the altars insulted, the churches thrown down, and public worship abolished, he claimed the merit of restoring to the Supreme Being some share in the government of the universe ; and appeared in the name of the Convention, as the priest of a new religion j and decreed, with great solemnity, that a god existed in the world. 56. CARRIER. (Taken immediately after his execution, by order of the National Assembly.) J ohn^Baptist Carrier, an infamous revolutionist, born in 1767, was bred up to the law, and while deputy to the National Convention was sent to La Vendee with a number of assassins. At Nantes, he often, in one day, caused twenty-four persons to be put to death, though young and innocent. After perpetrating every crime of cruelty, lust, and avarice, he was recalled, condemned to a deserved death, and guillotined in 1794. END OF THE " CHAMBER OF HORRORS." W. S. Johnson, Nassau Steam Press, 60, St. Martin's Lane, Charing Cross, W.O. STA BUSHED 1835. »» «' MICH, DURING THE lS „», MANY THOUSANDS OF CURES „ , . , "are £ee/? e/fecretf; yVwmAe/'s of which cases have been pronounced INCURABLE! HEAT), 6 ChTs°T? B^^^^fll^r ,° f * RHEUMATISM, ULCERS, SORES, and all SmS^ sufficient to prove the great value of this most useful Famflv ' t being A DIRECT PURIFIER OP THE! BLOOD ^ ti * fluids of the human body. *i.OOD and other relievintlETsTrKNF^ 11111 ^ ° f S reat r Ser ™ e both in preventing and Son 3, Crane Court, Fleet Street, London, and by all Chemists and Medicme Vendors at home and abroad. Sent free by post in thT United Kingdom for 8, 14, or 33 stamps. ' P United SEWING MACHINES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION ON VIEW. It is absurdly claimed for almost every machine, of whatever description, that it is superior to all others, for all kinds oi work. . SMITH & CO., having no interest in selling any particular machine, are enabled to recommend impartially the one best suited to the description of work required to be done, and ofier this GUARANTEE to their customers: Any machine sold by them may be EXCHANGED within one month, Jor THE MONARCH £4. 4s" amj ° tUer ^ m * ) wit1l0Ut dwrge. SMITH A17D CO.. 30, Edgware Road, & 4, Charles Street, Soho, London. WALKER'S HATS, 10s. 6d. and 21s. each, " * unequalled in Quality and Shape. An inspection will convince all. at 49, CRAWFORD STREET, W. are H ATS in the NEW SHAPES for 1875.— The leadin Styles for London and the Provinces are at ^ WALKER'S, 49, CRAWFORD STREET, W. ".WEIGHT & MANN'S" UNEQUALLED SEWING MACHINES. THE "PRIMA DONNA/««£M GUINEAS The Best yet introduced. Wanted in every Home. The"ALBEETA"UnequalledSilent , Lock-StitohMachine f Price 6^ Guineas. Square Stand, from 5 Guineas. The "EXOELSIOR" Sewing & Embroidery Machine. Elastic Stitch, sews from two ordinary reels. Price 6 Guineas. THE NEW FAMILY," USSU 6 GUINEAS. HAJSTD MACHINES in great variety, from 35s. WEIGHT & MANN, 143, HOLEOBN EARS, LONDON. BUTLER'S MUSICAL INS TRUMENTS. Cornets, Saxhorns, Drums, Flutes, Clarionets, Flageolets, Concertinas, Harmoniums, Violins, &c, Are In use in all parts of the Kingdom and Colonies, giving universal satisfaction. BUTLER'S ARTIST MODEL CORNET, The easiest and most brilliant tone yet produced, in case, £1. la. Other Cornets from £1. 10s. HARMONIUMS, Full Compass, Five Octaves, Guaranteed, from £6. 6s. MANUFACTORY, HAYMARKET, LONDON. Prices arid Drawings of every Instrument sent post free. ALFRED HUTCH1NGS, 4, BAKER STREET, ' (FOUR DOORS FROM PORTMAN SQUARE), Is the only Tailor using DIAMETRICAL MEASUREMENT (his own invention), a simple system of obtaining exactitude of stride, and by its means ensure a perfect fit, neat, gentlemanly, and what is so difficult to obtain, comfortable Trousers. N.B.— None but the BEST GOODS introduced, and those at the SMALLEST pobsiblb PBOFIT, with 5 per cent, discount for Cash. NOTHI NG IMPO SSIBLE. AQUA AMARELLA Restores the Human Hair to its pristine hue, no matter at what ftgt. - JOHN GOSNELL & CO. Have at length, with the aid of on© of the most eminent Chemists, succeeded in perfecting this wonderful liquid. It is now offered to the public in a more concentrated form, and at a lower prica Sold in Bottles, 3a. each ; also 5s., 7s. 6d., an d 15s. each, with brush. JOHN GOSNELL & CO.'S CHERRY TOOTH PASTE greatly superior to any tooth powder; gives the teeth a pearl whiteness; protects the enamel from decay, and imparts a pleasant fragrance to the teeth. Price Is. 6d. JOHN GOSNELL & CO.'S PATENT TRICHOSARON, OR NEWLY INVENTED HAIRBRUSH, the peculiar mechanical construction of which accomplishes the two operations of cleaning and polishing simultaneously. JOHN GOSNELL & CO.'S TOILET & NURSERY POWDER. Celebrated for its purity. JOHN GOSNELL & CO.'S FOUNTAIN PERFUMES FOR THE BALL ROOM. A most elegant and useful invention. ANGEL PASSAGE, 93, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON. 10 ESTABLISHED SIXTY YEARS £0 tot vV 6 -90 Ob** wholesale and eetail, 22, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON. PAINLESS DENTISTRY. — Mr. G.H. JONES, of 57, GREAT RUSSELL STREET, opposite the British Museum, guarantees entire freedom from pain in the extraction of teeth, which seldom exceeds twentv seconds. The improved self- adhesive system of aadpting artificial teeth, as invented and patented by Mr. G. B. JONES. Extraction of 1< ose teeth or stumps is unnecessary, and prize-medal teeth (London and Paris) can be adjusted, without pain, in the most difficult and delicate cases, so as to defy detection, in consequence of the natural appearance of the toeth and their clos* Adjustment to the gums. By this patented method of construction, mastication, ex/rome lightness, combined with strength and durability, are insured, useless bulk being obviated. Articulation is obtained better on this than any other principle. Terms strictly moderate. Con- sultation daily. [TESTIMONIAL. J M Oct. 18, 1873. "My dear Doctor,— I request you to accept my grateful thaaks for your great professional assistance, which enables me to masticate my food, and wherever I go I shall show your professional skill, as I think the public *ught to know where such great improvements in dentistry and mechanical •kill can be obtained. — I am, dear Doctor, yours truly, " S. G. HUTCHINGS, "G. H. Jonks, Esq., D.D.S." "By appointment, Surgeon-Dentist to the Queen. Round Shoulders and Stooping Habits. DR. HAMILTON'S Chest-Expanding Brace for Ladies or Gentlemen, Round Shoulders, Stooping Habits, Pigeon Breasts, Weakness and Pains in the Chest and Back. Recommended to those who ride on horseback, sit at the desk, sew or nurse. Promotes health, strength, energy, and enforces an erect and graceful figure. Invaluable for young and weakly children. Illustrations sent free. 7, TAVISTOCK STREET, BEDFORD SQUARE, & 404, 0XP0RD STREET. 11 PICCADILLY. VISITORS TO LONDON Should not fail to see the BRILLIANT AND SPARKLING ENTERTAINMENT 07 THE Which now enjoys the proud distinct ion of being classified as the OLDEST ESTABLISHED AND MOST POPULAR IX THE WORLD, aving been given at the ST. JAMES'S HALL IN ONE CONTINUOUS SEASON SINCE 1865. THIS GREAT COMPANY NOW COMPRISES FORTY ARTISTS OF KNOWN EMINENCE. Performances are given ALL THE YEAR ROUND, EVERY NIGHT EIGHT, And on Mondays, Wednesdays, & Saturdays at 3 and 8. The title or CHRISTY MINSTRELS has been extinct for several years, There is no person living wfme real name is Charles Christy. 12 PICTURE FRAMES"! WEDDING PEESENTS, Beautifully Framed, One Guinea Each. GEO. REES, 115, Strand, and 41, 42, 43, Russell Street, Covent Garden. HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT AND PILLS. — Reliable Remedies.— In wounds, bruises, sprains, glandular swellings, enlarged veins, neuralgic pains and rheuma- tism, the application of this soothing ointment to the affected parts, not only gives the greatest ease but likewise cures the complaint. The Pills much assist in banishing the tendency to rheumatism and similar painful disorders, whilst the Ointment cures the local ailment The Pills remove the constitutional disturbance, and regulate every impaired function of every organ throughout the human body. The cure is neither temporary nor superficial, but permanent and complete, and the disease rarely recurs, so perfect has been the purification performed by these searching yet harmless preparations. POUT and RHEUMATISM. — The excruciating pain of Gout or Rheu- matism is quickly relieved and cured in a few days by that celebrated Medicine, BLAIK'S GOUT and KHEUMATIC PILLS. They require no restraint of diet or con- finement during their use, and are certain to prevent the disease attacking any vital part. Sold by all Medicine Vendors, at Is. lid. and 2s 9d. per box, or obtained through any Chemist. BY HER MAJESTY'S ROYAL LETTERS PATENT. WHITES M 0 C-MAIN LEVER TRUSS ALLOWED by upwards of 500 Hredical Men to be the most effective invention in the curative treatment «>f HEftNI A. The use of a steel spring, so often hurtful in its effects, i.s here avoided ; a soft bandage being worn round the body, while the requisite resisting power is supplied by the MOC-MAIN PAD AND PATENT LEVER, fitting with so much ease and closeness that it cannot be detected, and may ho worn during sleep. A descriptivo circular n ay bo had, and the Truss (which cannot fail to fit) forwarded by post, on the circumfcrenceof the body (two inches below the hip) being sent to tho Manufacturer, Mr. WHITE, 228, Piccadilly, London. Trice of Single Truss . . . . 1(33., 21s., 20K (id. and 31s. 6d„ Post free. „ Double Truss .. 31s. Cd., 42s., and 52s. 6d., Post free. ,, Umbilical Truss.. .. 42s. and 52s. 6d., Post free. Post-Office Orders to be made payable[to John White, Post-Office, Piccadilly. ELASTIC STOCKINGS.KNEE GARS For VARICOSE VEINS and all cases of WEAKNESS and SWELLING of the LEGS, SPRAINS, Ac. They are porous, light in texture and inexpensive, and are drawn on like ordinary stockings. Price 4s. 6d., 7s. Cd., 10s., to 16s. each, post free. JOHN WHITE, Manufacturer, 228,' Piccadilly, London. FRAMPTON'S PILL OF HEALTH. This excellent Family Medicine is the most effective remedy for indigestion, bilious and liver complaints, sick headache, loss of appetite, drowsiness, giddiness, spasms, and all disorders of the stomach and bowels , or where an occasional aperient is required, nothing can be better adapted. For FEMALES these Pills are truly excellent, removing all obstructions, the dis- tressing headache so very prevalent with the sex, depression of spirits, dulness of sight, nervous affections, blotches, pimples, and sallowness of the skin, and give a healthy bloom to the complexion. Sold by all Medicine Vendors, price Xs. l|d. and 2t. 9d. per box, 13 VISITORS' GUIDE TO LONDON THEATRES & PUBLIC AMUSEMENTS. Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. Leisee and Manager .. Mr. F. B. Chatterton. Commence at Seven. Price s of Admission, from 6d. to £4 4s. Theatre Royal, Covent Garden. Commence at Seven. Price* of Admission— Private Boxes. 1 to 4 gui- neas; Orchestra Stalls, 7s. 6d.; Balcony, 5s ; Boxes, 4s. ; Upper Boxes, 3s. 6d, ; Pit. 2s. ; _ Ga'lery, Is. Queen's Theatre, Long Acre. Manager .. Mr. E. Clifton. Commence at Seven. Prices — Stalls, 7s. ; Balcony, 5s. ; Box Stalls, Ss ; Pit, 2s. ; Amphitheatre, Is. ; Gallery 6d. Royal Princess's Theatre, (Oxford Street). Sole Manager .. Mr. F. B Chatterton. Commence at Seven. Prices of Admission, from 6d. to £3 13s 6n\ Royal Adelphi Theatre, Strand. 8, >le Proprietor M Mr. B. Webster. Manager .. .. Mr Chatterton. CommeDce at Seven. Prices of Admission, frr m ttd. to £%. 3». The Gaiety Theatre, Strand. Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr J. HoLLifJGSHEAD. Commence at Seven. Prices of Admission, from 61. No fees. The Lyceum Theatre, Strand. Commence at Seven. Royal Strand Theatre- Sole Lessee .. Mrs. Swanboroogh. Commence at Seven. Vaudeville Theatre, Strand. Levees .. Messrs. James and Thorn. Com mence at 7 '30. Globe Theatre. (Newcastle Street, Strand), Commence at Seven. Opera Comique, Strand. Commence at Seven. Prices of Admission— Orchestra Stalls, 7s. ; Bal- cony Stalls, 5s. ; Upper Circle, 3s. 6d. ; Pit, 2s.; Amphitheatre Stlals, Is. 6d. ; Gallery, Is. Private boxes, £i. 3s., £2. 2s. and £1. Is. Theatre Royal, Haymarket. Lessee . . Mr. J. B. Buckstonk. Commence at Seven. Royal Court Theatre, Sloane Sq. Commence at Seven. Easy access by Railway from Mansion House, Blackfriars, Temple, &c. The Sloane Square Station being next to the Theatre. St. James's Theatre, (Dukk Street, St. Jamks's.) Prices of Admission from Is. to 1 guineas. Commence at Seven. The Royalty Theatre, Dean Street, Oxford Strebi. Commence at Seven. Prices of Admission— 6d. to £2. 2s. Prince of Wales's Royal Theatre, (Tottenham Court Road.) Lessee and Manager. .Mi^s Marie Wilton. Commence at Seven Royal Alhambra Theatre. Manager .. .. Mr. John Baum. Commence at Seven. Boxes, 15s. to £3. 3s, ; Fauteuils, 5s. ; Orchestra Stalls, 38. ; Centre Balcony, 2s. ; Promsnade, Side Balcony, and Pit, Is. ; Galleries, 6d. Royal Park Theatre, (L*te Alexaudra Theatre), Park Street, Camden Town. Charing Cross Theatre. Proprietor and Manager, Mr. J. S. Clarre. Commence at Seven. Prices of Admission from 6d. to £2. 12s. 6d St. James's Hall, Piccadilly. Mondays, Wednesdays, and Saturda>s, at 3 and 8. Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly. Commence at Eight. k All the Tear round. Royal Polytechnic, Regent St. Twice daily. 12 and, 7. Admission, Is. Reserved Seats, Is. and 6d. SOLARIFERINE, (Entered at Stationer*' Hall,) SUNNY HAIR WASH. Harmless, and free from smell. For the Production of Golde n Hair, ODOITIPTIC ( Patronised by Royalty.) An exquisitely delicate Tooth and Mouth Wash, for cleansing and preserving the Teeth and Gums, and for purifying and sweetening the Breath. It is used and highly recommended by the most Eminent Dentists. In.Bottles, Is. 6d„ 2s. 6d. and,4s. 6d. Entered at Stationers' Hall. MOTJ!STACHEOTlQUE FOR CULTIVATING AND PRODUCING THE MOUSTACHE AND .WHISKERS. As Patronised by the Army. H Ask for the Royal Polytechnic Cement Counter IMPORTANT FAMILY MEDICINE. AS CAMOMILE PILLS, THE MOST CEBTAIH- PEESERVEB OF HEALTH, A MILD, YET SPEEDY, SAFE, AND EFFECTUAL AID II CASES OP EfDIGESTIOff AND ALL STOMACH COMPLAINTS, AND, AS A NATURAL CONSEQUENCE, A PURIFIER OF THE BLOOD, AND A SWEETENER OF THE WHOLE SYSTEM. Indigestion is a -weakness or want of power of the digestive juices in the stomach to convert what we eat and drink into healthy matter, for the proper nourishment of the whole system. It is caused by everything which weakens the system in general, or the stomach in particular. From it proceed nearly all the diseases to which we are liable ; for it is very certain that if we could always keep the stomach right we should only die by old age or accident. Indigestion produces a great variety of unpleasant sensations ; amongst the most prominent of its miserable effects are a want of, or an inordinate appetite, sometimes attended with a constant craving for drink, a dis- tension or feeling of enlargement of the stomach, flatulency, heartburn, pain in the stomach, acidity, unpleasant taste in the mouth, perhaps sickness, rumbling noise in the bowels ; in some cases of de- praved digestion there is nearly a com- plete disrelish for food, but still the ap- petite is not greatly impaired, as at the stated period of meals persons so afflicted can eat heartily, although without much gratification ; a long train of nervous symptoms are also frequent attendants, general debility, great languidneBS, and incapacity for exertion. The minds of persons so afflicted frequently become irritable and desponding, and great anxiety is observable in the countenance ; they appear thoughtful, melancholy, and dejected, under great apprehension of BOine imaginary danger, will start at any unexpected noise or occurrence, and be- come so agitated that they require some time to calm and collect themselves j yet for all this the mind is exhilarated with- out much difficulty ; pleasing events, society, will for a time dissipate all ap- pearance of disease j but the excitement produced by an agreeable change vanishes soon after the cause has gone by. Other symptoms are, violent palpi, tations, restlessness, the sleep disturbed by frightful dreams and startings, and affording little or no refreshment j occa- sionally there is much moaning, with a sense of weight and oppression upon the chest, nightmare, &c. It is almost impossible to enumerate all the symptoms of this first invader upon the constitution, as in a hundred cases of Indigestion there will probably be some- thing peculiar to each; but be they what they may, they are all occasioned by the food becoming a burden rather than a support to the stomach; and in all its stages the medicine most wanted is that which will afford speedy and effectual assistance to the digestive organs, and give energy to the nervous and muscular systems, — nothing can more speedily or with more certainty effect so desirable an object than Norton's Extract of Camo- mile Flowers. The herb has from time immemorial been highly esteemed in England as a grateful anodyne, im- parting an aromatic bitter to tho taste, and a pleasing degree of warmth and strength to the stomach, and in all cases of indigestion, gout in the stomach, windy colic, and general weakness, it has for ages been strongly recommended by the most eminent practitioners as very use- ful and beneficial. The great, indeed only, objection to its use has been the 2 OBSERVATIONS ON INDIGESTION. large quantity of water which it takes to dissolve a small part of the flowers and which must be taken with it into the stomach. It requires a quarter of a pint of boiling water to dissolve the soluble portion of one drachm of Camomile Flowers; and when one or even two ounces may be taken with advantage, it must at once be seen how impossible it is to take a proper dose of this wholesome herb in the form of tea ; and the only reason why it has not long since been placed the very first in rank of all re- storative medicines is, that in taking it the stomach has always been loaded with water, which tends in a great measure to counteract, and very frequently wholly to destroy the effect. It must be evident that loading a weak stomach with a large quantity of water, merely for the purpose of conveying into it a small quantity of medicine, must be injurious ; and that the medicine must possess powerful re- novating properties only to counteract the bad effects likely to be produced by the water. Generally speaking, this has been the case with Camomile Flowers, a herb possessing the highest restorative qualities, and when properly taken, deci. dedly t»»e most speedy restorer, and the most certain preserver of health. NOliTON'S CAMOMILE PILLS are prepared by a peculiar process accident- ally discovered, and known only to the proprietor, and which he firmly believes to be one of the most valuable modern discoveries in medicine, by whioh all the essential and extractive matter of more than an ounce of the flowers is concen- trated in four moderate-sized pills. Ex- perience has afforded the most ample proof tha« they possess all the fine aro- matic and stomachic properties for whioh the herb has been esteemed; and, as they are taken into the stomach unencum- bered by any diluting or indigestible substance, in the same degree has their benefit been more immediate and decided. Mild in their operation and pleasant in their effect, they may be taken at any age, and under any circumstances, with- out danger or inconvenience. A person exposed to cold and wet a whole day or night could not possibly receive any in. jury from taking them, but on the con- trary, they would effectually prevent a cold being taken. After a long acquaint- ance with and observance of the medicinal properties of Norton's Camomile Pills, it is only doing them justice to say, that they are really the most valuable of all Tonic Medicines. By the word tonic is meant a medicine which gives strength to the stomach sufficient to digest in proper quantities all wholesome food, which increases the power of every nerve and muscle of the human body, or in other words, invigorates the nervous and muscular systems. The solidity or firm- ness of the whole tissue of the body, which so quickly follows the use of Nor- ton's Camomile Pills, their certain and speedy effect in repairing the partial dilapidations from time or intemperance, and their lasting salutary influence on the whole frame, is most convincing, that in the smallest compass is contained the largest quantity of the tonic principle, of so peculiar a nature as to pervade the whole system, through which it diffuses health and strength sufficient to resist the formation of disease, and also to fortify the constitution against contagion; as such, their general use is strongly re- commended as a preventative during the prevalence of malignant fever or other infectious diseases, and to persons attend- ing sick-rooms they are invaluable, as in no one instance have they ever failed in preventing the taking of illness, even under the most trying circumstances. As Norton's Camomile Pills are parti- cularly recommended for all stomach complaints or indigestion, it will probably be expected that some advice will be given respecting diet, though after all that has been written upon the subject, after the publication of volume upon volume, after the country has, as it were, been inun- dated with practical essays on diet as a means of prolonging life, it would be unnecessary to say more, did we not feel it our duty to make the humble endeav- our of inducing the publio to regard them not, but to adopt that course which is dictated by nature, by reason, and by common sense. Those persons who study the wholesomes, and are governed by the opinion of writers on diet, are uniformly both unhealthy in body and weak in mind. There can be no doubt that the palate is designed to inform us what is proper for the stomach, and of course that must best instruct us what food to take and what to avoid : we want no other adviser. Nothing can be more clear than OBSERVATIONS ON INDIGESTION. 3 those articles which are agreeable to the taste were by nature intended for our food and sustenance, whether liquid or solid, foreign or of native production ; if they are pure and unadulterated, no harm need be dreaded by their use ; they will only injure by abuse. Consequently, whatever the palate approves, eat and drink always in moderation, but never in excess ; keeping in mind that the first process of digestion is performed in *he mouth, the second in the stomach ; and that, in order that the Btomach may be able to do its work properly, it is requi- site the first process should be well per- formed ; this consists in masticating or chewing the solid food, so as to break down and separate the fibres and small substances of meat and vegetable, mixing them well, and blending the whole to- gether before they are swallowed ; and it is particularly urged upon all to take plenty of time to their meals, and never eat in haste. If you conform to this short and simple, but comprehensive ad- vice, and find that there are various things which others eat and drink with pleasure and without inconvenience, and which would be pleasant to yourself only that they disagree, you may at once con- clude that the fault is in the stomach, that it does not possess the power which it ought to do, that it wants assistance, and the sooner that assistance is afforded the better. A very short trial of thiB medi. cine will best prove how soon it will put the stomach in a condition to perform with ease all the work which nature intended for it By its use you will soon be able to enjoy, in moderation, whatever is agree, able to the taste, and unable to name one individual article of food which disagrees with or sits unpleasantly on the stomach. Never forget that a small meal well di- gested affords more nourishment to the system than a large one, even of the same food, when digested imperfectly. Let the dish be ever so delioious, ever so enticing, ft variety offered, the bottle ever so en- chanting, never forget that temperance tends to preserve health, and that health is the soul of enjoyment. But should an impropriety be at any time, or ever so often committed, by whioh the stomach becomes overloaded or disordered, render it immediate aid by taking a dose of Norton's Camomile Pills, which will so promptly assist in carrying off the burden thus imposed upon it, that all will soou be right again. It is most certainly true that every person in his lifetime consumes a quantity of noxious matter, which if taken at one meal would be fatal; it is these small quantities of noxious matter, which are introduced into our food, either by acci- dent or wilful adulteration, which we find so often upset the stomach, and not un- frequently lay the foundation of illness, and perhaps final ruination to health. To preserve the constitution, it should be our constant care, if possible, to counter- act the effect of these small quantities of unwholesome matter ; and whenever, in that way, an enemy to the constitution finds its way into the stomach, a friend should immediately be sent af terit, which would prevent its mischievous effects, and expel it altogether ; no better friend can be found — no, none which will per- form the task with greater certainty, than NORTON'S CAMOMILE PILLS. And let it be observed, that the longer this medicine is taken the less it will be wanted, and it can in no case become habitual, as its entire action is to give energy and force to the stomach, which is the spring of life, the source from which the whole frame draws its succour and support. After an excess of eating or drinking, and upon every occasion of the general health being at all disturbed, these Pills should be immediately taken, as they will stop and eradicate disease at its commencement. Indeed, it is most confidently asserted that, by the timely use of this medicine only, and a common degree of caution, any person may enjoy all the comfort within his reach, may pass through life without an illness, and with the certainty of attaining a healthy OLD AGE. On account of their volatile properties, they must be kept in bottle* ; and if closely corked their qualities are neither Impaired by time not injured by any change of climate what- ever Price md. and 23. 9d. each, with full directions. The large bottle contains the auantity of three small ones, or PI LLS equal to fourteen ounces of CAMOMILE FLOWEKS. Sold by nearly all respeotable Medicine Vendors. Be particular to ask for "NORTON'S PILLS," and do not be persuaded to purchase an imitation. A CLEAR COMPLEXION ! 1 1 GODFREY'S EXTRAGT OF ELDER FLOWERS Is strongly recommended for Softening, Improving, Beautifying and Preserving the SKLN, and giving it a blooming and charming appear- ance. It will completely remove Tan, Sunburn, Kedness, &c, and by its Balsamic and Healing qualities render the skin soft, pliable, and free from dryness, &c, clear it from every humour, pimple, or eruption • and by continuing its use only a short time, the skin will become and continue soft and smooth, and the complexion perfectly clear and beautiful. J Sold in Bottles, price 2s. 9d., by all Medicine Vendors and Perfumers. STEEDMAN'S SOOTHING POWDERS, FOR CHILDREN CUTTING THEIR TEETH. The value of this Medicine has been largely tested in aU parts of the world and by all grades of society for upwards of fifty years. Its extensive sale has induced SPURIOUS IMITATIONS some of which, in outward appearance, so closely resemble the Original as easily to deceive even careful observers. The Proprietor therefore feels it due §1V0 a SPECIAL CAUTI °* «» u of ^ -?^ C i^ are therefor ° requested carefully to observe that the words « JOHN STEEDMAN, Chemist, Walworthf Surrey,"™ enZyed ON 1 RFBT^T™n P d . t0 T\ Packet > IN WHITE LETTERS STF#nMA^^ u ^.V Wltho ^t, whloh none The true blEEDMAN is spelt with two EEs Prepared only at Walworth, Surrey, and Sold by all Chemists & Medicine Vendors m packets is. l^d, and 2s. Od. each. Ask for the Royal Polytechnic Cement Counter (In the "BAZAAK," under Madame Tussaud & Sons' Exhibition), FOR REPAIRING GLASS, CHINA, MARBLE, IVORY, BONE, MOTHER OF PEARL, WOOD, TOYS, ORNAMENTAL ARTICLES OF EVERY MATERIAL, TRADE MARK, MEERSCHAUM PIPES, JET, AND ALL KINDS OF JEWELLERY. It is the strongest and the most durable Cement made, and will be found to surpass all others. REGISTERED. Manufactured and Sold by G. DAVIES, also at the Cement Counter ROYAL POLYTECHNIC, 309, REGENT STREET, W., In Bottles, Is. each, Where all Letters must be addressed, containing 14 postage stamps. May also be had of the money taker at the Polytechnic, without payment for admission to the Institution. The Trade supplied. %* None genuine without the Trade Mark, which is the broken Willow Pattern Plate. Povjders and Pastes should be avoided, as they scratch the enamel and cause the teeth to decay. " IF .A. IR, J^Gr O INT." FRAGRANT LIQUID DENTIFRICE is pronounced by the Press, and several eminent Dentist* and Physician*, the bes: Dentifrice in the world. It thoroughly cleanses and makes the teeth beautifully wince, prevents tartar and arrests decay. Being an Antiseptic and Astringent it removes all disagreeable odour from whatever cause arising, sweetens the breath, hardens the gums, prevents and fixe* loose teeth. The " Paragon" has a most exquisite and delicate fragrance, and a flavour sj de'.icious that it wil cause universal admiration. EXTEAOTS PfiOM OPINIONS OF THE PEES3. Figaro. — "Possesses many valuable qualities." Court Journal. — "Should meet with extensive patronage from the elite." La Mode Illustre". — "Fully endorse the proprietor's own statements regarding it." Court Circular. — " A valuable and a necessary adjunct to the toilet table." Sheffield Post. — "The finality of perfection. . . It far surpasses any Dentiifice we have ever used. Sold in Bottles at Is. and 2s. Gd., by all Chemists ai d Perfumers, or sent to any address, carriage paid, lor 15 or 33 Stamps, by the Solis Pboi'kietor, J. H. BOWEN, 91, Wigmore Street, Loudon, W. THE MONETARY GAZETTE. Every WEDNESDAY, Price 4d., 24 Pages, in form like the "Pall Mall Gazette." SOLD BY ALL NEWSVENDORS. OFFICES : 213, GRESHAM HOUSE, OLD BROAD STREET, LONDON. MORSON'S PREPARATIONS OF PEPSINE. Highly recommended by the Medical Profession. See Name on Label. ^^\^\ O 32 »— As "\\ inc in Bottles, from 3s. ; Lozenges, from 2s. Gd. ; Globules, from 2s. ; and as Powder, in 1 oz. Bottles, 5s. each Sold ly all Chemists and the Manufacturers, MORS ON & SON, Southampton Row, Russell Sq., London. 15 THE STJMMEE SUN AND DUST. LADIES WILL FIND THE APPLICATION OF ROWLANDS' KALYDOR A most cooling and refreshing preparation for the Complexion, dis- pelling the cloud of languor and relaxation, allaying all heat and irritability, and immediately affording the pleasing sensation attend- ing restored elasticity and healthful state of the skin. Freckles, Tan Spots, Pimples, Flushes, and Discolorations are also eradicated by its application. Price 4s. 6d. and 8s. 6d. per bottle. ROWLANDS' MACASSAR OIL, A DELIGHTFULLY FEAGEANT AND TEANSPAEENT PREPARATION, and as an invigorator and beautifier of the Hair h s£X£i$i?A™ c ° Ss - 6d - 7s - 10s - 6d - (equal tofour ROWLANDS' ODONTO, Or PEAEL DENTIFRICE, a White Powder, compounded of the , rarest and most fragrant exotics. It bestows on the Teeth a Pearl- hke Whiteness, frees them from Tartar, and imparts to the Gums a healthy firmness and to the -ureath a pleasing fragrance. Price 2s. 9d. per box. ' SOLD BY CHEMISTS AND PERFUMERS. * Ask for " EOWLANDS' " Articles. THE PERFECTION OF PREPARED COCOA MARA VILLA COCOA. Sole Proprietors-TAYLOR BBOTHEKS, London. NO BREAKFAST TABLE IS COMPLETE WITHOUT THIS DELICIOUS lftTr ^ BEVEEaGE. . G , L0BE ' , 1 sa y S: " Tatloe Brothers' Maravilla Cocoa has achieved a thorough succor and supersedes every other Cocoa in the market. For Homeopaths and Invalid we could not recommend a more agreeable or valuable beverage." ^vana Sold in Tin-lined Packets only by all Grocers. JOHNSTON'S 23 'nr^^ c) Londo " CORN FLOUR IS THE BEST. BRAG Gr'S Pure Vegetable Charcoal, J. LBBAflG, Sole Uaker, M. Wipnow Street, Oavwdili We