h 
 
c 
 
 ) 
 
 OF THE 
 
 G 
 
 lip of';^H^Irtl(S 
 
 O R 
 
 ADefcriprion of the molt Eleg-ant or Magnificent 
 Puplic Ed if ice s , Royal Palac e 8 , 
 
 ¥0BLEME¥S and GeNTLEMENS SEATS, 
 and (>f In- r Cjjriositie s, j\ T if/u/'tf/ or. Artificial , 
 it l ) the different parts of the Kingdom^ N 
 
 — " " ADOMED WITH ■ ^ 
 
 a Variety of Copper Plate CuTs.neat/v Engraved. 
 
 Volume the First, 
 The Third Edition. 
 
 L O ¥ D O }sT: 
 
 Printed for R.GoADJiY; and Sold oy J. To WE US, at 
 JST?]U,mPore Street.near Crippleg-atei&R.BALDWiN, 
 N° 4 y, in Pater no iter Row . 
 MDCCLXXVI. 
 
A 
 
 NEW DISPLAY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 BEAUTIES of ENGLAND: 
 
 R, 
 
 A Defcription of the moft elegant or magnificent Public 
 Edifices, Royal Palaces, Noblemen s 
 and GentlemensSe ats, and other Curiosities, 
 natural or artificial, in different Parts of the Kingdom. 
 
 ADORNED with 
 
 Variety of Copper plate Cuts, neatly engraved, 
 
 Jri England's happy IJle we fee difplafd 
 
 The Charms of Nature, and the Force of Art : 
 
 Our Hills and Dales with Verdure all array 'd, 
 All that can pleafe the Eye, or chear the Heart. 
 
 VOLUME the FIRS T. 
 The THIRD EDITION. 
 
 LONDON: 
 Printed for R. Goad by; and fold by J. Towers, at 
 No. in, in Fore-ftreet, near Cripplegate; and by R. Bald- 
 win, No. 47, in Pater-nofter-row. 
 
 M.DCC.LXXVII. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 As the principal defign of this 
 Work was to give defcriptions of 
 the moft elegant and magnificent 
 Public Edifices, Royal Palaces, 
 and Noblemens and Gentlemens 
 Seats in England, it was judged 
 not improper to begin with that 
 part of the Kingdom, which is 
 within the diftance of about twen- 
 ty miles round London, where a 
 
 greater 
 
greater number of thefe are to be 
 found, than in any other diftri£fc 
 of the fame extent. And as the 
 greateft part of our firft Volume 
 is employed in defcribing this dif- 
 tri£t, it was found moft conve- 
 nient not to attend to the divifion 
 of the Counties. But in the fe- 
 cond Volume, wherein remoter 
 parts of the Kingdom are given 
 an account of, the places defcri- 
 bed have been exa£tly clafled un- 
 der their refpe£tive Counties. 
 
 A defcription of a greater num- 
 ber of Noblemens and Gentle- 
 mens Seats is to be found in this 
 Work, than can be met with in 
 any other publication j as this was 
 
 our 
 
c £ ) 
 
 our capital obje£L And of thefe 
 a very unufual number of engra- 
 ved views are given. But in or- 
 der to render the Work more 
 compleat, fome account is alfo 
 given of all the cities and market- 
 towns in the kingdom, London 
 excepted, a defcription of which 
 could not have been comprehended 
 within our intended limits. 
 
 It is prefumed, that this Work 
 will be found an agreeable compa- 
 nion for thofe who may occafi- 
 onally vifit different parts of Eng- 
 land, in order to take a view of 
 the many fine palaces and feats 
 with which this kingdom abounds. 
 And thofe who may not have an 
 
 oppor- 
 
( iv ) 
 
 opportunity of perfonally vifiting 
 thofe delightful retreats, may yet 
 receive no inconfiderable degree 
 of fatisfa£tion, from thofe ac- 
 counts and views of them, which 
 are given in this Work. 
 
£ 3 3 
 
 N£W display 
 
 OF THE 
 
 BEAUTIES of ENGLAND. 
 
 NOTHING is more natural than a defire of being 
 acquainted with whatever is moft: beautiful, remark- 
 able, or curious in our own country. If we are 
 plealingly gratified with defcriptions of foreign coun- 
 tries, furely the curiofities of our native land cannot be lefs 
 worthy our attention. England is not only endeared to us 
 by our connection with it, but has a juft claim to our regard 
 from the great variety of natural and artificial curiofities with 
 which it abounds. It is the favourite refidence of plenty and of 
 freedom, of wealth, and of commerce; and the many advan- 
 tages and excellencies with which nature has liberally endowed 
 it, have been aided by the indefatigable induftry of the inhabi- 
 tants ; which is fufficiently evinced by the high degree of cultiva- 
 tion which appears in almoft every part of the kingdom. 
 
 Though the air of England is for the moft part thick and 
 heavy, and the weather very precarious, and often extremely 
 
 A 2 foggy 5 
 
4 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 foggy ; yet even this variety of weather is attended with con • 
 fiderable advantages. For, in the firft place, it fecures the 
 ifland from thofe extremes of heat and cold, to which other 
 nations, though within the fame degree of latitude, are annually 
 expofed ; and it is in a great meafure owing to this moderation 
 of the climate, that the inhabitants of this ifland live to as great 
 an age as in any part of Europe whatfoever. And that perpe- 
 tual verdure for which England is remarkable, and for which 
 it is greatly admired by all foreigners who come hither, is 
 occafioned by the refrefhing fhowers and the warm vapours of 
 the fea. 
 
 With refpecf. to the climate of England, there is an obfer- 
 vation concerning it that was jriade by King Charles the Se- 
 cond, as we are informed by Sir William Temple, that de- 
 ferves to be remembered. ' I muff, needs add one thing (fays 
 « Sir W T illiam) in favour of our climate, which I heard the 
 « King fay, and I thought new and right, and truly like a 
 « King of England, that loved and efteemed his own country. 
 « 'Twas in reply to feme company, that were reviling our cii- 
 < mate, and extolling thofe of Italy and Spain, or at leaft of 
 « France. He faid, *' He thought that that was the beft cli- 
 *' mate, where he could be abroad in the air with pleafure, or at 
 " leaft without trouble or inconvenience, the moft days of the 
 " year, and the moft houtsof the day; and this he thought he 
 " could be in England, more than in any country he knew in 
 ** Europe." And I believe (adds Sir William) it is true, not 
 c only of the hot and the cold, but even among our neighbours 
 *■ in France and the Low Countries themfelves, where the heats 
 6 or the colds, and changes of feafons, are lefs treatable than 
 * they are with us.' 
 
 It has been jufily obferved, that no country in the world 
 can equal the cultivated parts of England for the great number 
 of beautiful fcenes with which it is adorned. I he variety of 
 high-lands and low-lands, the former gently {welling, and 
 both of them forming profpecls equal to the moft luxuriant 
 imagination, the Corn and meadow ground, the intermixtures 
 of inclofures and plantations, the noble feats, comfortable 
 houfes, chearful villages, and well ftocked farms, often rifing 
 in the neighbourhood of populous towns and cities, decorated 
 with the moft vivid colour of nature, afford an inexprefiible 
 pleafure. 
 
 Before we proceed to treat of the more diffant parts of the 
 kingdom, we fhal! give fome account of the palaces, moft ele- 
 gant 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. j 
 
 gant country feats, and other curiofities, within the diftance of 
 about twenty miles round London. And we (hall begin with; 
 KEW, as that place is at prefent honoured with being the re- 
 iidence of his Majefty. 
 
 The palace of Kew is a neat, plain building; but by no 
 means fuitable to the dignity of a King of Great Biitain. The 
 principal court of the palace is in the middle ; the ftable court 
 on the left hand ; and the kitchen courts on the right. As you 
 enter the houfe from the principal court, a veftibule leads to the 
 great hall, which occupies two ftories in height, and receives 
 its light from windows in the upper ftory. It is furnifhed with 
 full-length portraits, reprefenting King William III. Queen 
 Mary, the prefent King of Pruffia, the late Emperor of 
 Germany, the prefent hereditary Prince of Brunfwick, the late 
 Elector of Cologne, and that famous Statefman Lord Trea- 
 furer Burleigh. Befides which there is a very good hunting 
 piece by Mr. Wootton, wherein are represented the late Frede- 
 rick Prince of Wales, Lord Baltimore, Lord Cholmondeley, 
 Lord Bofton, Colonel Pelham, and feveral of his Royal High- 
 nefs's attendants. In this room are likewife two large vafes of 
 ftatuary marble, on which are cut in baflb relievo the four fea- 
 fons of the year. 
 
 From the hall a paflage leads to the garden, and on the right 
 hand of this pafiage is their Majefties apartment, confiding of 
 an anti chamber, a drawing-room, a cabinet, and a gallery, with 
 waiting rooms, and other conveniencies for attendants. The 
 anti-chamber is hung with tapeftry, and over the doors are two 
 portraits, the one of the late Lord Cobham, the other of the 
 late Earl of Chefterfield. 
 
 The drawing room is likewife hung with tapeftry. Over the 
 doors are the portraits of King George I. and the late prince 
 of Wales, father to his prefent Majefty. There is alfo ano- 
 ther picture in the room with three heads, being the portraits 
 of the late Princefs of Orange, and the Princeffes Amelia and 
 Caroline. 
 
 The cabinet is furnifhed with pannels of Japan; the cieling 
 is gilt; whxh, together with the chimney-piece, was de- 
 figned by the late ingenious Mr. Kent. The gallery, with 
 all its furniture, is entirely executed from defigns of the fame 
 artift. The colour of the wainfeotting is blue, and the orna- 
 ments are gilt. Over the chimney is a portrait of the late 
 Princefs of Orange, in a riding drefs ; and on each fide of it 
 is a very fine picture by the celebrated Mr. Wootton ; tha 
 2 one 
 
6 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 one rcprefenting a flag at bay, and the other a return from the 
 chace. T he fcene of both is Windfor foreft, and the perfons 
 reprefe^ted are the late Prince of Wales, the late Duke of 
 Marlborough, Mr. Spencer, the Duke of Chandois, the Mar- 
 quis of Powis, Lord Jerfey, and feveral other noblemen, gen- 
 tlemen, a. d attendants. 
 
 On the left of che paflage which leads to the garden, are the 
 apartments of the bed-chamber women. In their drawing- 
 ruom is a very large collection of portraits of illuftrious perfons 
 of both fexes; none of them very finely painted, yet curious 
 and very entertaining. The cieling is executed from a defign of 
 Mr. Kent's ; as are ljkewife the cieling, chimney piece, and all 
 Other parts of their dining room. 
 
 The cieling of the great ftaircafe was alfo defigned by Mr. 
 Ken<\ The principal floor is diftributed into one ftate apart- 
 ment for their Majefties, and into lodging rooms for their chil- 
 dren and attendants. The ftate apartment confifts of a gallery, 
 a drawing room, a drelfing room, an anti-chamber, a bed room, 
 and clofcts. 
 
 The walls of the gallery are adorned with grotefque paint- 
 ings, and children in theatrical drefles, by the late Mr. John 
 Ellis. The chimney-piece and all the furniture, are from de- 
 figns cf Mr. Kent ; and on the piers between the windows ate 
 fo> r large painu-d looking glaffes from china. 
 
 The cieling of the drawing-room was deftgned and painted 
 by Mr. Kent, with grotefque ornaments, in party colours and 
 gold. The center compartment reprefents the ftory of Leda. 
 The room is hung with green filk, and furnifhed with a very 
 pretty collection of pictures, by Domenichino, Paul Veronefe, 
 Albano, Claude Lorrain, Cornelius Janfen, &c. 
 
 The Drt fling Room is richly furnifhed with Japan cabinets, 
 and a great variety of curious works in Drefden porcelain, am- 
 ber, iv ory, &c. and there are alfo in it two large pictures, the one 
 by Dupan, reprefenting the children of the royal family at play ; 
 and the other, the late Princefs Dowager of Wales,' with his 
 prefent Majefty, the late Duke of York, and the Princefs of 
 Brunfwick, all in their infancy, attended by Lord Bolton, Lady 
 Archibald Hamilton, and Mrs. Herbert. 
 
 Their Majefties bed-chamber is hung with tapeftry ; the ciel- 
 ing and chimney-piece were defigned by Mr. Kent. The anti- 
 chamber and clofets contain nothing remarkable, excepting an 
 hygrometer of a very curious conftruftion, invented and execu- 
 ted by the ingenious Mr. Pullein, one of the Chaplains to the 
 late Princefs Dowager. 
 
 The 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 The Gardens of Kew are not very advantzgeoufly cir- 
 cumftanced with refpe£t to their fituation, as it is low, and com- 
 mands no profpeft. Originally the ground was one continued 
 flat; the foil was in general barren, and without either wood or 
 water. With fo many difadvantages, it was not eafy to pro- 
 duce any thing even tolerable in gardening. But with great 
 expence and labour, all difficulties were at lerigth overcome ; and 
 what was once a defart, is now a kind of Eden And the 
 judgment with which art hath been employed to fupply the de- 
 fects of nature, and to cover its deformities, hath excited general 
 admiration. 
 
 On entering the garden from the palace, and turning towards 
 the left hand, the firft building which appears is the Orangery, or 
 Green-Houje ; which was defigned by Mr. Chambers, (now Sir 
 William Chambers) and built under his infpe&ion in the year 
 1761. The front extends one hundied and forty five feet ; the 
 room is one hundred and forty-two feet long, thirty-fix wide, 
 and twenty-five high. In the back fhed are two furnaces to 
 heat flues, laid under the pavement of the orangery, which are 
 found very ufeful, and indeed very neceflary in times of hard 
 frott. 
 
 What is called the Temple of the Sun, is fituated in an open 
 grove near the orangery, and in the way to the phyfic garden, 
 its figure is of the circular peripteros kind, but without an attic ; 
 and there is a particularity in the entablature, of which the hint 
 is taken from one of the temples of Balbec. T heorder is Co- 
 rinthian, the columns fluted, and the entablature fully enriched. 
 Over each column on the fiize are baflb relievos, repreftnting 
 lyres and fpngs of laurel ; and round the upper part of trie cell are 
 fufpended feftoons of fruits and flowers. The infide of the cell 
 forms a faloon richly furnifhed and gilt. In the center of its 
 cove is represented the fun, and on the frize, in twelve compart- 
 ments, furrounded with branches of laurel, are reprefented the 
 figns of the zodiac in baflb relievo. This building was alio 
 erected by Sir William Chambers. 
 
 The Phyfic or Exotic Garden contains a prodigious variety of 
 curious plants collected with great d ligence and judgment by the 
 late Dr. Hill ; whofe abilities as a Botanift are well known. 
 Several ftoves have been built for the cultivation of thcfc plants ; 
 and, amongft others, one very large one, its extent from ealt to 
 weft being one hundred and fourteen feet. 
 
 Contiguous to the exotic garden is the Flower Gardens of 
 which the principal entrance, with a ftand on eac*b fide of it 
 for rare flowers, forms one end. The two fides are enclofed 
 ' " with 
 
8 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 with high trees, and the end facing the principal entrance is oc- 
 cupied by an aviary of a vaft depth, in which is kept a nume- 
 rous colled ion of birds both foreign and dcmeftic. The parterre 
 is divided by walks into a great number of beds, in which all kinds 
 of beautiful flowers are to be feen, during the greateft part of the 
 year ; and in its center is a bafon of water itocked with gold 
 
 From the flower-garden a fliort winding walk leads to the 
 Menagerie. It is of an oval figure; the center is occupied by 
 a large bafon of water, furrounded by a walk; and the whole is 
 cnclofed by a range of pens, or large cages, in which are kept 
 great numbers of Chinefe and Tartarian pheafants, befidesmany 
 forts of other large exotic birds. The bafon is flocked with 
 fuch water-fowl as are too tender to live on the lake, and in the 
 middle of it ftands a pavilion of an irregular octagon plan, de- 
 signed by Sir William Chambers, in imitation" of a Chinefe open 
 Ting, and built in the year 1763. 
 
 Near the Menagerie ftands the Temple of Bellona, which was 
 alfo ere&ed by Sir William Chambers. And paffing from the 
 Menagerie towards the lake, in a reared folitary walk on the 
 left, is the Te?npk of the God Pan, which is of the monopteros; 
 kind, but clofed on the fide towards the thicket, in order to make 
 it fervefor a feat. It is of the Doric order; the profile imitated 
 from that of the theatre of Marcellus at Rome. Not far from 
 hence on an eminence, ftands the Temple of Eolus. The order 
 is compofite, in which the Doric is predominant. Within the 
 columns is; a large femicircular nich, ferving as a feat, which 
 revolves on a pivot, and may with great eafe be turned by 
 one hand to any expofition, notwithstanding its fize. The 
 Temple of Solitude is iituated very near the fouth front of the 
 palace. 
 
 At the head of the lake, and near the Temple of Eolus, 
 ftands a Chinefe' octagon building of two ftories, built many 
 years ago ; and which is commonly called the Houfe of Con- 
 fucius. The lower ftory confifts of one room and two clofets, 
 and the upper ftory is one little faloon, commanding a very 
 pleafant profpecl over the lake and gardens. Its walls and 
 cieling are painted with grotefque ornaments, and little hiftorical 
 fubjects relating to Confucius, with feveral tranfaclions of the 
 Chriftian miffions in China. In a thicket near the houfe of 
 Confucius, is erected the engine which fupplies the lake and 
 bafons in the gardens with water. It was contrived by Mr. 
 Smeaton, and executed under his direction in the year 1 761- 
 ? ' - • ' ■ : 2 ■ • " It 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. g 
 
 Jt anfwers perfectly well, railing by means of two horfes, up- 
 wards of 3600 hogfheads of water in twelve hours. 
 
 From the Houfe of Confucius a covered clofe walk leads to 
 a grove, where is placed a femi-o&agon feat. A winding walk, 
 on the right hand of the grove, leads to an open plain, on one 
 fide of which, backed with thickets, on a rifing ground, is 
 placed a Corinthian colonnade, defigned and built by Sir Wil- 
 liam Chambers in the year 1760, and called the Theatre of Au- 
 
 The tlext building which offers itfelf to view, is the Temple 
 of Victory. It ftands on a hill, and was built in commemora- 
 tion of the fignal victory obtained, on the ift of AugulT, 1759, 
 at Minden, by the allied army, under Prince Ferdinand of 
 Brunfwick, over the French army, commanded by the Marfhal 
 de Contadts. The cell, which commands a pretty profpecl: to- 
 wards Richmond, and likewife over Middlefex, is neatly finifhed 
 with ftucco ornaments. Thofe in the cieling reprefent ftan- 
 dards, and other French trophies. 
 
 The upper part of the garden compofes a large wilder- 
 nefs, on the border of which itands a Morefque building, com- 
 monly called The Alhambra. This confifts of a faloon, fronted 
 with a portico of coupled columns, and crowned with a lan- 
 thorn. 
 
 On an open fpace, near the center of the fame wildernefs, 
 is erected the Tower commonly called The great Pagoda. 
 This was begun under Sir William Chambers's dirediion, in the 
 autumn of the year 1761, and covered in the fpring of the year 
 1762. The defign is an imitation of the Eaftern temples, and 
 particularly of the Chinefe Taa. The bafe is a regular oclagon, 
 forty-nine feet in diameter ; and the fuperftrucl'ute is likewife 
 a regular octagon in its plan, and its elevation compofed of 
 ten prifms, which, form the ten different ftories of the build- 
 ing. The lowefr. of thefe is twenty-fix feet in diameter, cxclu- 
 five of the portico which furrounds it, and eighteen feet high ; 
 the fecond is twenty-five feet in diameter, and feventeen feet 
 high j and all the reft diminifh in diameter and height, in the 
 fame arithmetical proportion, to the ninth ftory, which is 
 eighteen feet in diameter, and ten feet high. The tenth ftory 
 is feventeen feet in diameter, and, with the covering, twenty 
 feet high ; and the finifhing on the top is feventeen feet high : 
 fo that the whole ftru£ture, from the bafe to the top of the 
 fleuron, is one hundred and fixty-three feet. Each ftory finifhes 
 with a piojedting roof, after the Chinefe manner, covered tvith. 
 plates of varnifhed iron of different colours ; and round each 
 
 Vol. I. B of 
 
A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 of them there is a gallery enclofed with a rail. All the angles 
 of the roof are adorned with largs dragons, being eighty in 
 number, covered with a kinl of thin glafs of various colours, 
 which produces a moft dazzling reflexion ; and the whole or- 
 nament at the top is double gilt. The walls of the building are 
 compofed of very hard bricks; the outfide of well-coloured and 
 well matched grey-flocks, neatly laid, and with fuch care, that 
 there is not the leatf. crack or fracture in the whole ftruclure y 
 notwithstanding its great height, and the expedition with which 
 k was built. The Itair-cafe, which leads to the different fto- 
 lies, is in the center of the building. 
 
 Notwithstanding the ground on which this ftrucT:ure is erected 
 lies lowj we have, on' a clear day, a very fine profpedl from the 
 top of this elegant building ; whence we may fee northward, 
 the hills of Harrow, Hampftead, and Highgate, fouthvvard to 
 Banftead-downs and Epfom, taking in all that fine profpect of 
 the county of Surrey, including Efher, Epfom-courfe, Wimble- 
 ton, Richmond park, Putney heath, with the whole county 
 away to Carfhalton and Croydon, &c. Eaftward we have a 
 fine view of the river up to London, with the beautiful feats and 
 pleafant villages on each fide, as far as Blackheath and Shooter's 
 hill, which bound the profpedl on this fide. In the fame man- 
 ner the Thames affords a fine profptct weftward, of Hampton- 
 court, and all the delightful country feats and villages along the 
 river to Maidenhead-bridge, Windfor, &c. &c. In fhort, there 
 is not, perhaps, another place in the world, from which ib 
 beautiful, populous, and wdl cultivated a fpot can be feen, as 
 from the top- of the Pagoda in Kew- gardens. 
 
 Near the great Pagoda, on a rifing ground, backed with 
 thickets, (lands The Mofque ; which was defigned and built by 
 Sir William Chambers in the year 1761. The body of the 
 building confifts of an octagon faloon in the center, flanked with 
 two cabinets, finifhing with one large dome, and two frnall 
 ones. The large dome is crowned with a crefcent, and its up- 
 right part contains twenty-eight little arches, which give light 
 to the faloon. On the three front fides of the central octagon 
 are three doors, giving entrance to the building ; over each 
 of which there is an Arabic inscription, which may be thus 
 tranflated : 
 
 <c Let there be no force in religion." 
 " There is but one God." 
 
 lt Do not make any image or reprefentation of the Deity.'* 
 
 The minarets are placed at each end of the principal build- 
 ings* 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 ing. In the defign of them, as well as in the who'e exterior 
 decoration of the building itfelf, Sir William'/Jhambers has en- 
 deavoured to colkft the principal particularities of the Turkifh 
 architecture. With regard to the interior decoration, he has not 
 fo fcrupuloufly adhered to their ftyle in building, but has aimed 
 at fomething uncommon, and at the fame time pleafing. At the 
 eight angles of the room are palm trees modelled in ftucco, 
 painted and varnifhed with various hues of green, in imitation of 
 nature ; which at the top fpread, and fupport the dome, repre- 
 fented as formed of reeds, bound together with ribbons of filk. 
 The cove is fuppofed to be perforated, and a brilliant funny fky 
 appears, finely painted by Mr. Wilfon of Covent-garden, the 
 ■celebrated landfcape painter. 
 
 In the way from the Mofque towards the palace, there is a 
 Gothic building, defigned by Mr. Muntz, the front reprcfenting 
 a cathedral. The Gallery of Antiques was defigned by Chambers, 
 and executed in the year 1757. Continuing your way from the 
 laft mentioned building towards the palace, near the banks cf 
 the lake, ftands the Temple of Aretbufa, a (hull Ionic building 
 of four columns. Near it there is a bridge thrown over a 
 narrow chanel of water, and Jeading to the ifland in the lake. 
 The defign is, in a great meafure, taken from one of JPalladio's 
 wooden bridges. It was erected in one night. 
 
 In various pacts of the garden are eredted covered feats ; and 
 &e£des the other boildings that have been mentioned, the e is alfo 
 the Temple of Peace. This was ere&ed -in commemoration of 
 the late peace, which was as much applauded by the p.;rtizans of 
 the court, as it was execrated by the bulk of the nation. The 
 portico is Hexaftyle Ionic; the' columns fluted.; the entablature 
 enriched, and the tympan of the pediment adorned with bafib 
 relievos. The cell is in the form of a Latin crofs, the ends of 
 which are clofed with ■ferni-circular fweeps, wherein are niches 
 for ftatues. It is richly finiftied with ftucco ornaments, allufive 
 to the occafion on wkich it was eredted. But in truth this 
 edifice had better have been omitted, as it is not very well adapted 
 to excite any pleafing fenfations ; but is rather calculated to fill 
 the breaft of every Englifhman who views it with difguft and 
 indignation. The unparalleled feries of victories and fuccefles 
 which attended the Britifh arms during the laft war, afforded - 
 the moft glorious opportunity that ever offered, of humbling 
 the Houfe of Bourbon, and concluding fuch a treaty of peace 
 £6 would have been an immortal honour to this nation. 
 JBut in ofder to promote fome privaip views of thofe in 
 
 JB 2 power, 
 
12 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 power, an ill-judged and inadequate peace was precipi tated, 
 to the great joy of our enemies, and the extreme regret of 
 every Englifhman who had a fincere regard for the honour and 
 intereft of his native country. However, an edifice has been 
 erecled at Kew to commemorate this treaty of peace, though, 
 from the circumftances under which it was concluded, it will for 
 ever reflect difgrace on every Britifli minifter who was concerned 
 in its negotiation. 
 
 The Ruin at Kew was defigned and built by Sir William 
 Chambers in the year 1759, in order to make a paflage for car- 
 riages and cattle over one of the principal walks of the garden. 
 His intention was to imitate a Roman antiquity, built of brick, 
 with an incruftation of {tone. The defign is a triumphal arch, 
 originally with three apertures, but two of them now clofed up, 
 and converted into rooms, to which you enter by doors made in 
 the fides of the principal arch. Both the fronts of the ftruclure 
 are ruftic. ' The north front is confined between rocks, over- 
 grown with briars and other wild plants, and topped with thickets, 
 amongft which are feen feveral columns, and other fragments of 
 buildings; and at a little durance beyond the arch is feen an 
 antique ftatue of a mufe. The central ftrufture of the ruin is 
 bounded on each fide by a range of arches. There is a great 
 quantity of cornices, and other fragments, fpread over the 
 ground femingly fallen from the buildings; and in the thickets on 
 each fide are feen feveral remains of piers, brick walls, and 
 other ruins. * ' 
 
 The gardens of Kew undoubtedly are, upon the whole, ex- 
 tremely pleafing; but it has been thought, and not without 
 j-eafon, that with regard to the ornaments and buildings therein, 
 a fondnefs for Turkifh and Chinefe chequer- work has too much 
 prevailed, in preference to the more beautiful models of Grecian 
 and Roman architecture. 
 
 The village of Kezv is fituated on the banks of the Thames, 
 in the county of Surrey, oppofite to Old Brentford. Here is a 
 chapel of eafe, e reeled at the expence of feveral of the no- 
 b lity and gentry in the neighbourhood, on a piece of ground 
 that was given for that purpofe by Queen Anne. In 1758, an 
 a& of parliament was palled for building a bridge acrofs the 
 Thames, oppofite to Kew- green ; and a bridge was accord- 
 ingly erecled, confifting of eleven arches. The two piers, and 
 their dependant arches on each fide next the fhore, are built 
 pf brick and ftone; but the intermediate arches, which are 
 ifeven in number, are entirely wood. The centre arch is 
 fifty feet wide, and the road over the bridge is thirty feet 
 
 wide. 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 13 
 
 wide. Several gentlemen have elegant country-houfes on Kev? 
 Green. 
 
 RICHMOND. 
 
 At a little diftance from Kew, and about twelve miles 
 from London, is the village of Richmond, which is eftec-med 
 the fineft village in the Britifh dominions. It was anciently the 
 feats of our monarchs, and the palace, from its fplendor, was 
 called Shene, which in the Saxon tongue fignifies bught or Alin- 
 ing. Here .died King Edwaid III. fo much celebrated in the 
 Englifh annals ; and here alfo died Queen Anne, the wife of 
 Richard II. who full taught the Englifh women the ufe of the 
 fide faddle ; for before her time they ufed to ride aftride. Rich- 
 ard was fo afflicted at her death, that it gave him fuch a diMe 
 to the place where it happened, that he defaced the fine palace. 
 But it was repaired and beautified afrefh by King Henry V. 
 who, had he lived, intended to have made it his fummer relt- 
 dence ; but during the long wars between the houfes of York 
 and Lancafter, it was greatly neglected, and at laft confumed 
 by fire in the year 1497. It did not, however, remain long in 
 ruins ; for Henry VI J. caufed it to be rebuilt according to the 
 belt rules of architecture in that age, and commanded that the 
 name of the village fhould be changed from Shene to Rich- 
 mond he having borne the title of Earl of Richmond, before 
 he obtained the crown by the defeat and death of Richard III. 
 Henry VII. died here ; and here alfo l)is grand-daughter Queen 
 Elizabeth breathed her laft. 
 
 The late palace, which was finely fituated, was a very plain 
 edifice built by the Duke of Ormond, who received a grant of 
 a confiderable fpace of land about Richmond, from King Wil- 
 liam 111. as a reward for his military fervices j but it devolved to 
 the crown on that nobleman's attainder, in the beginning of the 
 reign of King George I. His late Majefty took great delight 
 here, and made feveral improvements in the palace, while Queen 
 Caroline amufed herfelf at her Royal dairy-houfe, Merlin's-cave, 
 the Hermitage, and other improvements which fhe made in the 
 park and gardens of this pleafing retreat. And the prefent 
 King has chiefly refided here, during the fummer feafon, almoft 
 ever fince his acceffion to the throne : but fince the death of the 
 late Princefs Dowager of Wales, he has removed to Kew. And 
 the palace here has jufl been pulled down, and a new one is be- 
 gun to be erected. ' 
 
*4 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 As to the gardens at Richmond, they are extremely fine 
 without offering a violence to nature ; and Pope's advice with 
 refpect to planting, has been confidered as a very accurate de- 
 fcription of the beouties to be found here. 
 
 * 4 To build, to plant, whatever you intend, 
 
 " To rear the column, or the arch to bend ; 
 
 44 To fwell the terrace, or to fink the grot, 
 
 " In all Jet nature never be forgot. 
 
 '** Confult the genius of the place in all, 
 
 «*■ That tells the waters or to rife or fall ; 
 
 * { Or helps th' ambitious hill the heavens to fcale, 
 
 «' Or fcroops in circling theatres the vale ; 
 
 «' Calls in the country, catches op'ning glades, 
 
 M Joins willing woods, and varies fhades from (hades ; 
 
 * ( Now breaks, or now directs th' intending lines ; 
 
 M Paints as you plant, and as you work, defigns." 
 
 In ftiort, almoft every thing in Richmond gardens has an 
 agreeable wildnefs, and a pleafing irregularity, that cannot fail 
 to charm all who are in love with nature, and afford. -a much 
 higher and more lading fatisfa&ion, than the ftiff decorations of 
 art, where the artift lofes fight of nature, which alone ought to 
 «iirec"l his hand. * 
 
 On entering thefe rural walks, you are conducted to the 
 dairy, a neat but low brick building, to which there is an 
 afcent by a flight of fteps ; in the front is a handfome angular 
 pediment, which has a fine effeft on the eye of the fpectator. 
 The walls on the infide are covered with ftucco, and the 
 houfe is furnifhed fuitable to a royal dairy, all the vefTels for 
 holding the milk being of the fineft china, and the moft beauti- 
 ful patterns. 
 
 On a mount near one fi<Je of the dairy, is a temple, on 
 the top of which is a circular dome and ball, being fupported 
 by pillars of the Tufcan order. Near the river is a wood, 
 through which there is a walk to an elegant ftru&ure, called 
 the Queen's Pavillion, and near it is a fmall fummer houfe. 
 The great fummer-houfe is fituated near the borders of the 
 wood, and is a fine light airy building, having lofty windows, 
 from which there is a moft delightful profpe£t over the river to 
 Sion-houfe, the feat of the Duke of Northumberland. In this 
 edifice are two good pictures, reprefenting the taking of Vigo 
 by the Duke of Ormond. 
 
 Merlin s Cave, a gothic building, covered with thatch, is 
 near a pond at the end of a labyrinth ; and in it is a library, 
 
 ton- 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 15 
 
 ccnftfting of a well-chofen collection of the works of modern 
 authors, neatly bound fn vellum. Merlin is reprefented like 
 one of the ancient Britifh bards, and Queen Elizabeth in the 
 drefs mentioned by ancient authors to have been worn by the 
 Amazons : both thefe are waxen figures. 
 
 On leaving this edifice, which has an antique and venerable 
 appearance, you come to a large oval of about 500 feet in dia- 
 meter, called the Foreft oval ; and turning from hence you 
 have a view of the Hermitage, a grotefque building, which 
 feems as if it had flood many hundred years ; though it was 
 only bulk by order of the late Queen Caroline, it has three 
 arched doors, and the middle part which projects forward, is 
 adorned with a kind of ruinous angular pediment ; the ftones 
 of the whole edifice appear as if rudely laid together, and the 
 venerable look of the whole is improved by the thickrefs of 
 thefolemn grove behind, and the little turret on the top with a 
 bell, to which you may afcend by a winding walk. The in- 
 lide is in the form of an octagon with niches, in which are the 
 buffs of five celebrated men, who have been jwftly numbered 
 among the greateft ornaments of this country ; uamely, Sir Ifaac 
 Newton, Mr. Locke, Mr. Woolafton, Dr. Samuel Clarke, 
 and Mr. Robert Boyle. 
 
 Leaving this feat of contemplation, you pzfs through fields. 
 cloathed with graft, and alfo through corn fields, and a wild 
 ground interfperfed with broom and furze, which afford excel- 
 lent fhelter for hares and pheafants ; of which lad there are 
 here great numbers very tame. From this pleaung variety, in- 
 which nature appears in all her forms of cultivation, and 06 
 barren wildnefs, you come to an amphitheatre formed by young 
 elms, and a diagonal wildernefs, through which you pals to the 
 foreft walk, which extends about half a mi 1 *, and the>i paffing 
 through a frnall wildernefs, you leave the gardens to the wefi 
 of which are feen the fine houfes of feveral of the Nobility and 
 Gentry. We fhall conclude our remarks rela'ive to the gar- 
 dens, with ohferving, that the grand terras, which overlooks the 
 river, is admired by all foreigners. 
 
 Richmond Green is extreamly pleafanf, it being levelled and 
 enclofed in a handfome manner. It is alfo furrounded with 
 lofty elms, and adorned on each- fide with the houfes of perfons 
 of diftin&ion. A fun dial is here affixed in a pretty tafte, en- 
 compaffed with feats : this, and the railing- in of the green, 
 were at thefole expence of the late Queen Caroline. 
 
 Trie village of Richmond* for town, as it is frequently 
 
 'called) 
 
16 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 called) extends a full mile up the hill from the Thames 
 flcirted and mingled with gardens. It is now a flourifhing 
 place ; and a theatre lias lately been erected here, where, dur- 
 ing the fummer feafon, dramatic entertainments are performed 
 on the ftage, by fome of the befr, adtors from London : for 
 many people of fafhion refide here, and in the neighbourhood. 
 Great numbers from London are alfo conftantly vifiting the gar- 
 dens, fome going in parties by water, and others in the ftage or 
 their own carriages. 
 
 The fummit of Richmond Hill affords a moft enchanting 
 profpedt of towns, villages, bridges, woods, groves^ gardens, 
 fields, and an incredible number of delightful villas along thfe 
 banks of the river Thames, which winds with a ferpentine 
 courfe through this delicious vale from Kingfton to London. 
 The tide before the building of Weftminfter bridge, ufed to 
 fife as high as Richmond, but now falls fliort of it. It ftillj 
 however, reaches fixty miles from the fea j which is a greater 
 diftarice than the tide is carried by any other river in Eu- 
 
 ro P e - % 
 
 There is here an alms-noufe, which was built by Dr. Duppa, 
 
 bifhop of Winchefter, in the reign of King Charles II. for the 
 fupport of ten poor widows, purfuant to a vow made by that ' 
 prelate during that prince's exjle. There is alfo another alms- 
 houfe, endowed with above iool. a year, which, fmce its foun- 
 dation, has been confiderably encreafed by John Mitchell, Efq. 
 Here arelikewife two charity-fchools, one for fifty boys, and the 
 other for fifty girls. 
 
 Richmond Park, fometimes called the New Park in Surry, is 
 one of the beft parks in England. It was made in the reign of 
 King Charles I. and enclofed with a brick wall, faid to be 
 eleven miles in compafs. In this park there is a little hill caft 
 up, called King Fienry's mount, from which is a profpect of 
 fix counties, with a diftant view of the city of London, and of 
 Windfor-caftle. The new lodge in this park, built by the 
 late Sir Robert Walpole, Earl of Orford, is a very elegant 
 edifice. Jt is built of ftone in a fquare form, with wings on 
 each fide of brick. It ftands on a rifing-ground, and com- 
 mands a very good profpect of the park. This park is the 
 largeft of any within the environs of London, except that of 
 Windfor, and the fineft too } for though it has little more than 
 a wild variety of natural beauties to (hew, yet thefe are fuch as 
 cannot fail to pleafe thofe who are as much delighted with views 
 in their rudeft appearance, as in all the elegance of art and 
 defign. 
 
 * SI ON- 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND 17 
 
 SION- HOUSE. 
 
 Directly oppofite to the royal gardens at Richmond, though 
 on the other fide of the river and in another county, ftands 
 Slon-houfe, one of the feats of the Duke of Northumberland. 
 It is called Sion from a monaftery of the fame name, which was 
 founded by Henry V. in 1414, very near the place where the 
 houfe now ftands, and which was endowed with one thoufand 
 marks a year, for the maintenance of fixty nuns, including the 
 abbefs and twenty-five men. The prefent edifice was erected 
 by the Duke of Somerfet, Protector, and uncle to King Ed- 
 ward the Sixth; who began to build it about the year 1547; 
 but many and great additfons and improvements have been 
 fince made to it, and efpecially by the prefent Duke of Nor- 
 thumberland. Sion Houfe is built on the very fpot where the 
 church belonging to the monaftery formerly flood, and is a 
 very large, venerable, and majeftic ftructure, built of white 
 ftone, in the form of a hallow fquare; fo that it has four ex- 
 ternal, and as many internal fronts; the latter of which fur- 
 round a fquare court in the middle. The roof is flat, co- 
 vered with lead, and furrounded with indented battlements, 
 like the walls of a fortified city. Upon every one of the four 
 outward angles of the roof, there is a fquare turret, flat-roofed, 
 and embattled like other parts of the building. The^houfe 
 is three ftories high, and the eaft front, which face^hp 
 Thames, is fupported by arches, forming a fine piazza. Thei- 
 great hall was finifhed in the manner in which it at prefent ap- * 
 pears by Inigo Jones ; who was alfo employed to new face the ' 
 inner court, and to make fome alterations infeveral of the apart- 
 ments. 
 
 The gardens at Sion were fir ft laid out and finiflied in a 
 very grand manner by the Protector Somerfet ; but being made 
 at a time when extenfive views were judged to be inconfiftent 
 with that folemn referve and ftately privacy affected by the 
 great, they were fo fituated as to deprive the houfe of every 
 beautiful profpect which the neighbourhood afforded : at leaft 
 none of them could be feen from the lower apartments. To re- 
 medy this inconvenience, the pfefent Duke of Northumber- 
 land caufed a high triangular terras, which the Protector had 
 raifed at a great expence, to be removed ; the walls of the old 
 gardens were alfo taken down, and the ground before the 
 , houfe levelled, and it now forms a fine lawn, extending from 
 Ifleworth to Brentford. By thefe means a beautiful profpect 
 is not only opened into the royal gardens at Richmond, but alfo 
 Vol. I, C up 
 
A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 up and down the river Thames. Towards the Thames the 
 lawn is bounded by an ha-ha, and a meadow; which his Grace 
 ordered to be cut down into a gentle ftope, fo that thefurface of 
 the water may now be feen even from the loweft apartments and 
 the gardens. In confequence of thefe improvements, the mofc 
 beautiful pieces of fcenery imaginable is formed before two of the 
 principal fronts, for even the Thames itfelf feems to belong to 
 the gardens. 
 
 The houfe {lands nearly in the middle point of that fide o£ 
 the law n which is the furtheft from the Thames, and commu- 
 nicates with Ifleworth and Brentford, either by means of the 
 lawn or a fine gravel walk, which in fome places runs along 
 the fide, and in others through the middle of a beautiful fhrub- 
 bery ; fo that even the moft retired parts of this charming 
 maze, where the profpecT: is moft confined, almoft the whole ve- 
 getable world rifes up as it were in minature around you, and 
 prcfents you with every foreign fhrub, plant, and flower, which 
 can be adopted by the foil of this climate. 
 
 The prefent Duke of Northumberland has not only thus 
 improved the ground where the old gardens flood, but has alfo 
 made a very large addition to it, and feparated the two parts by 
 making a new ferpentine river. It communicates with the 
 Thames, is well ftored with all forts of river fifh, and can be 
 emptied and filled by means of a fluice, which is fo contrived 
 as to admit the fifh into the new river, but to prevent their 
 returning back into the Thames. His Grace has alfo built two 
 bridges, which form a communication between the two gar- 
 dens, and haseredted in that, which lies near Brentford, a (late- 
 ly Doric column ; upon the top of which is a fine proportioned 
 ftatue of Flora, fo judicioufly placed as to command as it were 
 a diftin£l view of the fituation over which {he is fup pofed to pre- 
 fide. 
 
 The Kitchen gardens are very large, lie at a proper diftance 
 from the houfe, and contain every thing neceffary or conveni- 
 ent, as a hot houfe, fire-walls, &c. The green houfe is a 
 very neat building, with a Gothic front, defigned by his Grace 
 in fo light a ftyle, as to be greatly admired. The back and 
 end walls of it are the only remains of the old monaftery. This 
 building {lands near a circular bafon of water, well flocked 
 with gold and filver fifh ; and in the middle of the bafon is a 
 fpouting fountain, which is well fupplied, and plays without 
 intermiffion. 
 
 Among the moft remarkable particulars at Sion-houfe is the 
 great gallery, which extends the whole length of theeaft-front 
 
 over 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 19 
 
 over the arcades. There is alio an immenfe quantity of old 
 china vafes, of different forms and fizes, crowded together in 
 almoft every apartment. And the Pedigree picture here is one 
 of the greateft curiofities of its kind in England, and exhibits 
 the noble and royal connections of the Percies ; all which vVere 
 united in the late Dutchefs of Northumberland. We niay 
 #lfo remark, that many fine profpects may be feen from the 
 leads at the top of the houfe ; for they command a view of the 
 country to the diftance of thirteen or fourteen miles, and confe- 
 quently the greateft part of London may be feen from them. 
 To thefe obfervations we may add, that the gardens, when view- 
 ed from the top of the houfe, form a finer landfcape than can 
 eafily be conceived. 
 
 PETERSHAM. 
 
 This is a fmall village in Surrey, near the New Park, and 
 a little to the fouth of Richmond Hill. Here ftood a delightful 
 feat built by the Earl of Rochefter, Lord High Treafurer in the 
 reign of King James II. But this fine houfe was burnt down 
 in the year 1720, fo fuddenly, that the family, who were all 
 at home, had fcarcely time to fave their lives. By this accident, 
 the curious collection of paintings, and the whole library, of 
 the Earl of Clarendon, author ot the Hiftory of the Civil War, 
 were wholly confumed. But on the ground where this houfe 
 ftood, another was erected after one of the defigns of the Earl 
 of Burlington, for the Earl of Harrington, who now refides in 
 it. The front next the court is very plain, and the entrance 
 to the houfe not very extraordinary ; but the fouth front next 
 the garden, is bold and regular, and the apartments on that 
 -fide chiefly defigned for ftate, are extremely elegant. The 
 gardens were formerly crowded with plantations near the 
 houfe j but they are now laid out in lawns of grafs. The 
 kitchen garden, before fituated on the eaft fide of the houfe, 
 is ren.oved out of fight; and the ground converted to an open 
 fiope of grafs, leading up to a terrace of gieat lengih ; from 
 which is a profpect of the river Thames, the village of 
 Twickenham, and of all the fine feats round that part of 
 the country. On the other fide of the terrace, is a plantation 
 on a rifing ground ; and on the funynit of the hill is a hue 
 pleafure houfe, which on every fide commands a profpedt of 
 
 the country for many miles. Peterfham gives the title of 
 
 Vifcount to the Earl of Harrington. It appears from ancient 
 
 records to have been a place of- great antiquity ; and formerly 
 it was pofiefTed of great privileges j fo that no pcrfon couid 
 
 C 2 be 
 
A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 be arretted in it, % and no officer was permitted to come through 
 it with any perfon in his cuftody whom he had arretted elfe- 
 
 yvhere. The Earl of Dyfart has a handfome feat at Ham, near 
 
 this place, which was formerly in the poffeflion of the Duke of 
 Lauderdale. It is clofe by the iiver, and King Charles II. ufed 
 to be frequently at this pleafant feat, being much delighted 
 with it. 
 
 TWICKENHAM. 
 
 On theoppofite fide of the river, in the county of Middlefex, 
 ftands the pleafant village of Twickenham, which is particular- 
 ly memorable for having been the refidence of Mr. Pope. That 
 celebrated poet purchafed a houfe here in the year J7 15, and 
 took great delight in improving his houfe and gardens. And the 
 improvements which he made were fo elegant, that his feat be- 
 came an object of general admiration, as well as its owner. The 
 houfe and gardens have, however, been confiderably enlarged 
 fince, by the late Sir William Stanhope, who purchafed them 
 after the death of Mr. Pope. 
 
 One of the chief ornaments of this agreeable retreat, was the 
 grotto, the improvement of which was one of the favourite 
 amufementsof Mr. Pope's declining years; fo that not long be- 
 fore his death, by enlarging and increafing it with a number of 
 ores and minerals of the richeft and rareft kinds, he made it one 
 of the moft elegant and romantic retirements. Toward the 
 beautifying of his gardens and grotto, Mr. P«pe was affifted by 
 prefents of various kinds, from feveral of his friends, procured 
 frem the various quarters of the globe ; and among others who 
 made him prefents for thispurpofe, was the late Frederic Prince 
 of Wales ; who often teftified a great regard for men of genius 
 and learning, though they did not proftitute their talents to 
 gratify the Court, and who always appeared to be a real friend 
 to the liberties of the people. 
 
 Onr readers will, we prefume, not be difpleafed with the 
 following defcription which Mr. Pope himfelf gave of this ro- 
 mantic retreat, in a letter to a friend, long before it received 
 the laft and principal improvement. «« I have," fays he, 
 " put the laft hand to my works of this kind, in happily fi- 
 <c nifhing the fubterranean way and grotto : I there found a 
 " fpring of the cleared water, which falls in a perpetual rill, 
 " that echoes through the cavern day and night. From the 
 • l river Thames you fee through my arch up a walk of the 
 f* wjldernefs, to a kind of open temple, wholly compofed of 
 
 " /hells 
 
'4 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 21 
 
 1 (hells in the ruftic manner ; and from that diflance, under 
 4 the temple, you look down through a doping arcade of trees, 
 « and fee the fails on the river pacing fuddenly and vanifhing, 
 
 < as through a perfpe&ive glafs. When you fhut the doors of 
 4 this grotto, it becomes on the inftant, from a luminous room, 
 « a camera abfcura ; on the walls of which all theobjedts of the 
 4 river, hills, woods, and boats, are forming a moving pic- 
 
 < ture in their vifible radiations. And when you have a mind 
 
 * to light it up, it affords you a very different fcene; it is fi- 
 
 * nifhed with {hells, interlperfed with pieces of looking glafs 
 4 in regular forms ; and in the cieling is a ftar of the fame ma- 
 4 terial, at which, when a lamp (of an orbicular figure o; thin 
 f alabafler) is hung in the middle, a thoufand pointed rays glit- 
 f ter and are reflected over the place. There are connected to 
 4 this grotto, by a narrow pafTage, two porches, one towards 
 4 the river of fmooth {tones full of light and open ; the other 
 4 towards the garden, fhadowed with trees, rough with {hells, 
 ' flints, and iron ore. The bottom is paved with limple pebble, 
 
 < 4 as is alfo the adjoining walk up the wildernefs to the temple, 
 *i in the natural tafte, agreeing not ill with the little dripping 
 44 murmur, and the aquatic idea of the whole place. It 
 i 4 wants nothing to compleat it but a good flatue with ah 
 44 infcription, like that beautiful antique one which you know 
 5 4 I am fo fond of : 
 
 44 Hujus nympha loci, fecri euftodia fon'us, 
 
 44 Dormio, dum blaadae fentio murrruif aquae. 
 
 44 Parce meum, quifquis tangis cavo marmora, fomnum 
 44 Rumpere j fi bibas, five lavare, tace." 
 
 44 Nymph of the grot, thefe facred fprings I keep, 
 44 And to the murmurs of thefe waters fleep; 
 44 Ah, fpare my flumbers, gently tread the cave ! 
 44 And drink in filence, or in filence lave." 
 
 44 You'll think I have been very poetical in this defcription, but 
 44 it is pretty near the truth." 
 
 This letter was written in 1725. But afterwards, when it 
 was in its more perfedt ftate, Mr. Pope wrote the following 
 {hort poem upon it. 
 
 44 Thou who (halt flop where Thames' tranflucent wave . 
 44 Shines a broad mirror, thro' the fhadowy cave j 
 44 Where ling'ring drops from min'ral roofs diftil, 
 44 And pointed chryftals break the fparkling rill, 
 
 44 Un- 
 
22 
 
 ANEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 * 4 Unpolifh'd gems no ray on pride bcftow, 
 
 u And latent metals innocently glow : 
 
 " Approach. Great nature itudioufly behold ! 
 
 ** And eye the mine without a wifli for gold. 
 
 " Approach : But awful ! Lo ! the Algerian grot, 
 
 " Where, nobly penfive, St. John fat and thought j 
 
 «' Where Britifh fighs from dying Wyndh am ftole, 
 
 " And the bright flame was fhot thro' M arch mo x r's foul, 
 
 *' Let fuch, fuch only, tread this facred floor, 
 
 " Who dare to love their country and be poor." 
 
 It hath been juftly obferved, that Mr. Pope's modefty is very 
 confpicuous in thefe admirable lines. He warns an awful 
 approach to his grotto, on account of the reverence due to his 
 friends, who fat and thought there ; without faying one word 
 of himfelf. But what renders it truly venerable, is its having 
 been the feat of his own ftudy and meditation, which will afford 
 inftruclion and entertainment to the lateft pofter'ity. — It 
 may be here remarked, that Mr. Pope erected in his garden a 
 fmall pyramid to the memory of his mother, which is ftill re- 
 maining. 
 
 In th:s pleafing retreat Mr. Pope (to borrow the words of Lord 
 Orrery) " treated his friends with a politenefs that charmed, 
 *' and a generofity that was much to his honour. Every gueft 
 " was made happy within his doors. Pleafure dwelt under his 
 " roof, and elegance prefided at his table." This fine feat 13 
 now in the pofleflionof Welbore Ellis, Efq. who married the 
 daughter of the late Sir William Stanhope. 
 
 The ingenious Mr. Horace Walpole, well known in the 
 republic of letters for his feveral elegant publications in polite 
 literature, has alfo a delightful feat near Twickenham, known 
 by the name of Strawberry Hill. This romantic edifice, 
 which is built in an agreeable retirement, appears to the eye 
 like the mattered outfide of an ancient priory. The entrance 
 is by a cloifter which is low, narrow, and obfeure, and'humid ; 
 upon the walls are to be feen epitaphs, and a variety of funeral 
 inferiptions brought from Italy. The manner in which the 
 houfe is laid out anfwers to its entry. A refactory, chapter, 
 dormitory, chapel ; in ftiort, all the fame as in a religious 
 houfe ; and from the manner in which it is conftru£ted, from 
 the furniture, the glaffes, the paintings, and the ornaments, one 
 would take it to be a monaftery of the thirteenth century. The 
 library unites all the embellifhments which architects have en- 
 deavoured to give to this kind of building : the roof divided 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 into ogees is loaded with that fpecies of wreathed fhells, which 
 the Gothic architecture feems to have borrowed from the fta- 
 lacTites fufpended in thofe grottoes that held fo diftinguifhed a 
 place in natural hiftory. The books are contained in fcveral 
 preffes, the pannels of . which, made after the manner of glafs 
 cafements of churches, are of the mdff precious fort of woodj 
 and of the fineft workmanfhip, upon the moft antique models. 
 The feats, the tables, and defks, difcover the fame regularity 
 and tafte. The windows are of old painted glafs. It has been 
 juftly obferved, that great delicacy and precifion were neceflary 
 to give tafte to thofe fantaftic forms, fo widely deviating from 
 the prefent fafhions. 
 
 The Earl of Buckinghamfhire has alfo a fine feat at Twicken- 
 ham, called Marble Hail, which was fome years ago in thepof- 
 feflion of the Counteis of Suffolk. There are likewise feveral 
 other fine feats here, particularly that of Sir George Pococke, 
 which formerly belonged to Governor Pitt. 
 
 The church at Twickenham is a modern. -edifice, rebuilt 
 by the contributions of the inhabitants, and is a handfome 
 Doric ftructure. .Mr. Pope's father anc} mother, as well as 
 hitjjfelf, were buried here in the fame vault; to whofe memory 
 he erected a monument with the following infcription, written 
 by himfelf. 
 
 D. O. Mi 
 
 Alexander Pope, viro innocuo, probo, pio ; 
 
 Qui vixit an. 75. ob. 17 1 7. 
 Et Edithae conjugi inculpabili, pientifiimae 5 
 Qui vixit annos 93. ob. 1733. 
 Parentibus bene merentibus 
 Filius fecit. 
 Et fibi. Obiit an. 1744. astatis 56. 
 The laft line was added after Mr. Pope's own death, in purfu- 
 ance of his will ; but the reft was done after the death of his pa- 
 rents. However, Mr. Warburton, the prefent Bifhopof Glou- 
 cefter, has fince erected a very handfome monument in Twicken- 
 ham church to the memory of this juftly celebrated Poet, where- 
 on is his head in a kind of medallion, and underneath the follow- 
 ing infcription : 
 
 Alexandro Pope, 
 H. M. 
 
 Gulielmus Epifcopus Gloceftrienfis 
 Amicitae caufa fac cur. 
 MDCCLXL 
 
*4 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY 6 F 
 
 And a little lower "are the following lines : 
 POET A LOQUITUR. 
 For one who would not be bulled in Weftminfter-' 
 Abbey. 
 
 Heroes and Kings your drftanee keep, 1 
 
 In peace let one poor Poet fleep : 
 
 Who never flatter' d folks like you, 
 
 Let Horace blufli and Virgil too. 
 On the outfide of Twickenham church, there is alfo a ftone 
 erected by Mr. Pope himfelf, whereoivis the following inferip- 
 tion : 
 
 To the Memory of 
 MARY BEACH, 
 Who died Nov. 5, 1725, aged 78. 
 Alex. Pope, whom ihe riurfed in his infancy, 
 And conftantly attended for thirty-eight years, 
 In gratitude to a Faithful Servant, 
 Erected this ftone. 
 
 ISLEWORT II. 
 
 IJIavcrtb, or as it is fometimes called Tbi-flleivorth, is a very 
 pleafant village, finely fituated on the banks of the Thames, 
 about two miles from Twickenham. Richard, King of the 
 Romans, had a palace here, which was burnt down by the Lon- 
 doners in an infurre&ion. Between this place and afmall village 
 called Worton, there was a mill in the reign of Queen Eliza- 
 beth, for the manufacture of copper and brafs, which were melt- 
 ed and forged out of the ore brought up from Mendip-hill in 
 Somerfetfhire. Here is an handfome church, and two charity- 
 fchools. Several perfons of diftin&ion have feats here, parucu- 
 Jaily the Earl of Shrewfbury. 
 
 BRENTFORD. 
 This town, which is about eight miles from London, re- 
 ceives its name from a brook, called Brent, which rifes about 
 Finchley Common, and runs through the weft part of the 
 town, called Old Brentford, into the Thames. As it is a great 
 thoroughfare to the weft, it has a confiderable trade, particu- 
 larly in corn, both by land and by the Thames ; and it is ex- 
 tremely full of inns and public-houfee. The market -houfe 
 ftands in that -part of the town called New Brentford, where 
 there is a church ; and there is alfo another in Old Brentford. 
 The market is held on Saturday, and there is alfo an annual 
 fair on the tenth of Augufr. There are two charity-fchools 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND: 2$ 
 
 here. ©Id Brentford is fituated Upon a fine rifing bank clofe 
 to the Thames, and is naturally capable of being made a very 
 beautiful fpot. The oppofite fide of the river is Kew Green, 
 which appears from hence to advantage.— The b.arl of Holder- 
 hefle has an handfome feat near Brentford. — ^At the Butts on the 
 north of New Brentford, is the place for the election of members 
 for the county of Middlefex. 
 
 C H I S W t C K. 
 
 This is a pleafant village in Middlefex, fituated on the banks 
 of the Thame*, about fix miles from London. Here are feve- 
 ral elegant feats, but the moft remarkable is that of the late Earl 
 of Burlington^ which now belongs to the Duke of Devonfhire. 
 Lord Burlington had before a plain, commodious building, 
 with good offices about it ; but a part of the old edifice being 
 fbme years ago deftroyed by fire, his Lordfhip erected near it 
 the prefent beautiful villa, which, for elegance of tafte, is 
 fuppofed to fufpafs every thing of its kind in England. The 
 Court in the front, which is of a proportionable fize with the 
 building, is gravelled, and conftantly kept very neat. On each 
 fide aie yew hedges in pannels, with Terminii placed at a proper 
 diftance ; and in the front of thefe hedges are tw6 rows of cedars 
 of Libahusi which, at a fmall diftance, have a fine effecl: ; the 
 dark {hade of thefe folemn ever-greens affording a pleafing con- 
 trail to the whitenefs of the elegant building that appears be- 
 tween' them, the view of which from the road furprizes the 
 fpe&ator in a moft agreeable manner. 
 
 The afcent to the houfe is by a noble flight of fteps, on one 
 fide of which is the ftatue of ralladio, and on the other that of 
 Inigo Jones. The portico is fupported by fix fine fluted co- 
 lumns of the Corinthiaan order, with a pediment very elegant, 
 and the cornice, frize, and architrave, as rich as poflible. This 
 magnificent front ftrikes all who behold it with uncommon plea- 
 ftlre and admiration. 
 
 The o&agonal falobn finifhing at top in a dome, through which 
 it is enlightened, is alfo very elegant. The other rooms are ex- 
 tremely beautiful, and are finely finilhed with pictures of the 
 greateft matters. Though the other front towards the garden 
 is plainer, yet it is in a very bold, noble, and mafterly ftile, and 
 has at the fame time a pleafing fimplicity, as has alfo the fide 
 front towards the ferpentine river, which is different from the 
 two others. If this edifice has any fault, it is its being too 
 fmall for fo magnificent a defign. 
 
 D The 
 
26 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 The infide of this ftruclure is finifhed with the utmoft ele- 
 gance ; the cielings are richly gilt and painted, and the rooms 
 adorned with fome of the beft pictures in Europe. In the gar- 
 dens, which are very beautiful, the viftos are terminated by a 
 temple, obelifk, or fome fuch ornament, which produces a moft 
 agreeable effect. 
 
 The gardens are laid out in the fineft taft ; on defcending 
 from the back part of the houfe, you enter a verdant lawn plant- 
 ed with clumps of ever-greens, between which are two rows of 
 large Hone vafes. At the ends next the houfe are two wolves 
 in lione, done by the celebrated Scheemaker, the ftatuary,; at 
 the farther end are two large lions, and the view is terminated 
 by three fine antique ftatues, dug up in Adrian's garden at Rome, 
 with ftone feats behind them, and behind a clofe plantation of 
 ever-greens. 
 
 On turning to the houfe on the right hand, an open grove of 
 foreft- trees affords a view of the orangery, which is feen as per- 
 fectly as if the trees were planted on the lawn; and when the 
 orange-trees are in flower, their fragrance is diffufed over the 
 whole lawn to the houfe. Thefe are feparated from the lawu 
 by a foffee, to fecure them from being injured by the perfons ad- 
 mitted to walk in the garden. 
 
 On leaving the houfe to the left, an eafy flope covered with 
 Ihort grafs leads down to the ferpentine river, on the fide 
 whereof are clumps of ever-greens, with agieeable breaks, 
 between which the water is feen; and at the farther end is 
 an opening into an inclofure, where are a Roman temple, and 
 ah obel;fk, with grafs flopes. and in the middle a circular piece 
 of water. - ! 
 
 . From hence you are led to the wildernefs, through which 
 you may ramble near a mile in the (hade. On each fide the 
 terpentine jiver, are verdant walks, which accompany the 
 river in all its turnings. On the right hand of this river is a 
 building that is the exact: model of the portico of the church 
 of Covent Garden ; on the left is a wildernefs laid out in regu- 
 lar walks; and in the middle is a Palladian wooden bridge over 
 the river. 
 
 With the earth dug from the bed of this river, Lord 
 Burlington raifed a.terrace, that affords a profpeel of the adja- 
 cent country ; which, when the tide is up, is greatly enlivened 
 by the view of the boats and barges palling along the river 
 Thames. 
 
 2 Among 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 27 
 
 Among the variety of fine paintings which are in the different 
 apartments of Chifwick Houfe, the following may deferve par- 
 ticular notice; viz. In the Saloon, Lord Burlington and thiee 
 of his fillers, Elizabeth, Juliana, and Jane, by Sir Godfrey 
 Kneller; the Morocco Ambaffador, in the reign of Charles II. 
 the figure by Sir Godfrey Kneller, and the back ground and 
 fcorfe by Wyke ; King Charles I. his Queen, and two children, 
 by Vandyke. In the Red Velvet Room, a Madonna della Rofa, 
 by Domenichino; Painting and Defigning by Guido Rheni; the 
 Holy Family, by Carlo Maratti : King Charles I. by Cornelius 
 Johnfon ; the Duchefs of Somerfet, by Vandyke; the fir ft 
 Countefsof Burlington, by the fame artift ; a poitrait by Rem- 
 brandt; Mr. Killigrew, by Vandyke; the firft Earl of Bur- 
 lington, by the fame ; Mary, Queen of Scotland, by Fred. 
 Zuchhero ; and the Proceflion of the Dogeffe, by Paolo Vet onefe. 
 In the Blue Velvet Room; a Chymift's Shop, by David Te- 
 llers; a landfcape and figures by Gafpar Pouflin ; Lord Sand- 
 wich in around, by Sir Peter Le'ly ; a woman frying fritters, by 
 Schalcken ; the Holy Family, by Carlo Maratti ; the Flight in- 
 to Egypt, by Nicolo Pouflin; and Inigo Jones in a round, by 
 Dobfon. In the Red Clofet, next the Blue Room ; a landfcape 
 and ruins by Viviano, the figures by Mich. Angelo ; Fifhermen, 
 by Rubens ; a man hawking, by lnigo Jones ; Temptation of 
 St. Anthony, by Annibal Caracci ; the Samaritan woman, by 
 Paolo Veronefe : a boy's head, by Holbein ; and Cleopatra, by 
 Leonardo da Vinci. In the Green Velvet Room ; Mars and 
 Venus, -by Albauo,; our Saviour in the Garden, by Guer- 
 cino; Rembrandt in his painting room, by Gerrard Dow ; 
 Bellifariua, by Vandyke; and the Earl of Pembroke and his 
 filler, by the fame artift. In the Bed Chamber ; the Earl 
 of Cumberland, in around; Lady Burlington, in a round ; and 
 Mr. Pope, alfo in a r< und ; by Kent. In the Gallery ; Lord 
 Clifford and his family, painted in 1444, by John Van E\k, 
 jcalled John of B urges ; Lady Dorothy Boyle, in crayons, by 
 Lady Burlington; a head, by Holbein; a Venus fleepmg 
 He#ry IV. of France, in Mofaick ; and the Afcenhon, by A! - 
 bano. In the New Dining Room, the finding of Moles, 
 by Seb. Ricci ; a portrait, by Rubens; the firft Lady Halifax^ 
 by Sir Peter Lely ; the Marriage o f Cupid, &c. by Andrea 
 Schiavone; Mars and Venus, by Le Fevre ; the woman taken 
 jn adultery, by Allefandro Veronefe; and Liberality and M,o- 
 defty, after Guido. 
 
 D 2 GUN- 
 
2$ 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 GUNNERSBURY. 
 Gunnerfbury Houfe, which is fituated between A£lon an4 
 Old Brentford, is an elegant ftru&ure, firft built by Mr. 
 Web, fon-in-law to the famous lnigo Jones. It was fome 
 years fince the feat of Henry Furnefe, Efq; but :s now the 
 refidence of the Princefs Amelia. T his building, which is at 
 once remarkable for majeftic boldnefs and fimplicity, is fituated 
 on a rifmg ground j and the approach to it from the garden is 
 extremely fine. 
 
 The grand portico at the back front, which is fupported by 
 ftately columns, has a heautiful appearance at a dillance, arid 
 commands a fine profpeif. of the county of Surrey, the river 
 Thames, and pf all the meadows on its banks for fome miles, 
 and in clear weather of even the city of London. 
 
 The apartments are extremely convenient and well contrived. 
 The hall, which is large and fpacious, is on each fide fupporte4 
 by rows of col mns, and from thence you afcend by a noble 
 flight of ftairs to a faloon, which is a double cube of twenty-five 
 feet high, and mod elegantly furnifhed. This fine room has 
 an entrance into the portico on the back front : and from the 
 finenefs of the profpeel: over the Thames, is a delightful place to 
 fit in, during the afternoon in the fummer feafon. For it being 
 contrived to face the fouth eaft, the fun never fhines on it after 
 two o'clock ; but extending its beams oyer the country, enlivens 
 the beautiful landfcape that lies before this part of the edifice. 
 On entering the garden from the houfe, you afcend a noble 
 terace, which affords a delightful view of the neighbouring coun- 
 try; and from this terrace, which extends the whole breadth of 
 the garden, you defcend by a beautiful flight of fteps, with a 
 grand baluftrade on each fide. But it has been objected, that 
 the gardens are laid out too plain, having the walls in view on 
 every fide. 
 
 Aclon is a confiderable village about feven miles from Lon- 
 don, in which there is an handfome church, and feveral 
 gentlemens feats.— That part of it which is called Eaft A Start, 
 has been of note for the wells near it on Old Oak Common, 
 which ufed to be much frequented in May, June, and July, 
 for their purging waters. At a fmall diftance from hence is 
 what is called Friars Place, which is fuppTed to have been 
 formerly a monaftery ; and at a farm-houfe in it, there h 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. * 9 
 
 gn orchard, which, in old writings, is called the Devil'* 
 orchard. 
 
 About three miles from the laft-mentioned place, is the vil- 
 lage of Kilborne^ or K-Hburn^ which is in the parifh of Hamp- 
 {lead. Here was formerly an hermitage, and afterwards a nun- 
 nery, to which the manor belonged, as did alfo fome lands and 
 tenements in Knightlbridge j but after the diflblution of the mo- 
 nafteries, the fite of this nunnery was given by Edward VI. to 
 John Dudley, Earl of Warwick. A fpring of medicinal waters 
 was found out here a few years fince. 
 
 At a fmall diftance from hence is Bejfyfe, which though now 
 decayed, was formerly a fine feat of Lord Wotton, and after- 
 wards of the Earl of Chefterfield. Here was alfo a chape), and 
 a deer-park. This place was of fpeciaj note in 1720, the fa- 
 mous South Sea year, when it was turned into an academy for 
 mufic, dancing, and play ; and not a little frequented by reafon 
 of its neighbourhood to London. 
 
 HAMPSTEAD. 
 This is a fine village in Middlefex, fituated near the top of a 
 Jiill, about four miles on the north welt fide of London. On the 
 fummit of this hill is a heath of about a mile every way, that is 
 adorned with feyeral pretty feats, in a mod irregular, romantic 
 fituation ; and has a mod extemive profpect over the city, into 
 the counties all around it, viz. Bucks and Hertford/hire, and 
 even Northamptonshire, Eflex, "Kent, Surrey, Berks, &c. with 
 an uninterrupted view of Shooter's- hill, Barnffed Downs, and 
 Windfor-caftle. Its chapel was anciently a chapel of eafe to 
 Hendon, till about 1478, when it was feparatcd from it by the 
 abbot and convent of Weftminfter, then patrons of the rectory 
 of Hendon, who made a curacy or donative of it in their gift, 
 as it remained till the fuppreffion of the monafteries, at which 
 time King Henry VIII. fettled it on his new-made bifhoptic of 
 Weftminlter; but King Edward VI. diffolving that fee, granted 
 the manor and chapel of Hampftead to Sir Thomas Wroth, for 
 his fervices to the ctown. Aft^r this it belonged to the Earls of 
 Gainfborough ; but it has fince been the property of feveral other 
 perfons. 
 
 This village ufed to be much reforted to for its mine- 
 ral waters ; but they have lately been neglected. There is here 
 a fine aflembly room ; and the old church, which was a 
 chapel belonging to the Lord of the Manor, was fome years 
 ago pulled down, and a new one erected in its room. There 
 
 is 
 
30 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 its aKb an handfome chapel near the wells, built by the con- 
 tributions of the inhabitants, who are chiefly citizens and 
 merchants of London ; and there is here alfo a meeting-houfe. 
 Though this place is now fo crowded with good buildings, yet 
 It is obfervable, that in the reign of Henry the Eighth, it was 
 chiefly inhabited by the laundrefles who wafhed for the Lon- 
 doners. 
 
 HIGHGATE. 
 
 At a fmall diftance eaftward of Hampftead is Highgate, a very 
 large and populous village, a little above four miles north of Lon- 
 don. It receives its name partly from its high fituation, over- 
 looking London, and great part of Kent, EfTex, and Hertford- 
 fhire ; and partly from a gate fet up there above four hundred 
 years ago, to receive toll for the Bifhop of London, when the 
 old miry road from Gray's Inn Lane to Barnet was turned 
 through the Bifhop's Park. This toll was farmed by Queen 
 Elizabeth at forty pounds a year. Where the chapel ftands, 
 which is a very ancient edifice, was formerly an hermitage, and 
 one of the herrriits caufed a caufey to be made between High- 
 gate and Iflington, by grayel dug out of the top of the hill, 
 where is now a pond. The Bifhop of London prefented the 
 hermits, the laft of whom was William Forte, prefented to the 
 hermitage, in 1 53 1, by Bifhop Stokefley. Near the chapel, in 
 1562, a free fchool was built and endowed by Lord Chief Ba- 
 ron Cholmondeley, at his own private expence ; but it was en- 
 larged, in 1570, by Edwin Sandys, Biihop of London, and a 
 chapel added to it. One William Pool, yeoman of the crown, 
 alfo founded an hofpital here, below the hill, in the reign of 
 King Edward the Fourth. 
 
 On that fide of Highgate which is next London, the 
 finenefs of the profpecl: over the city, as far as Shooters- 
 Hill, and below Greenwich, has oceaftoned feveral handfome 
 edifices to be built ; particularly a very fine houfe erected by 
 the late Sir William Afhhurft.— — It is remarkable, that moft 
 of the public-houfes in Highgate have a large pair of horns 
 placed over the fign; and that when any of the country 
 people flop for refrefhment, a pair of large horns fixed to 
 the end of a ftaff, is brought to them, and they are earneftly 
 prefled to be fworn. If they confent, a kind of burlefque 
 oath is adminiftered ; that they will never eat brown bread 
 when they can get white ; never drink water when they 
 can get wine, or fmall beer when they can get ftrong ; 
 
 never 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 3* 
 
 never kifs the maid, when they can kifs the miftrefs j and" 
 abundance of other things of the fame kind, which they 
 repeat after the perfon who brings the horns, with one hand; 
 fixed upon them. This ridiculous ceremony is altered ac- 
 cording to the fex of the perfon who is fworn ; who is allowed 
 to add to each article, " except I like the other better." The 
 whole being over, he or ftie mtift kifs the horns, and pay a 
 (hilling for the oath, to be fpent among the company, to which 
 he or file belongs.— ^—Af a frnall diitance from Highgate is 
 Cane [food, where Earl Mansfield, the prefent Chief Juftice of 
 the King's Bench, has a fine feat, the fituation of which is ex- 
 tremely rural. 
 
 On the eaft-fide of Highgate is Mufwell Hill, which took 
 its name from a fpring or well on the hill, near a houfe 
 built by Alderman Roe, which afterwards came to the late 
 Earl of Bath. By this well, which was efteemed holy, was 
 a chapel with an image of our Lady of Mufwell, to which 
 great numbers went in pilgrimage. Both the manor and 
 chapel were fold in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, to Mr; 
 William Roe, in whofe family they continued, till Sir Thomas 
 Roe, the ambafTador, fold them in the laft century. The 
 manor-houfe was afterwards converted into an houfe of public 
 entertainment. 
 
 Not far from hence is the village of Hornfey, which is five 
 miles north, of London. Its church, whereof Highgate is a 
 hamlet, is fuppofed to be built with the ftones that came from 
 Lodge- hill, the Bifhop of London's hunting feat in his park 
 here ; it having been his manor from the moft ancient times. 
 Homfey-wood, which is nearer London, is a coppice of young 
 trees, at the entrance of which is a genteel public houfe, to 
 which great numbers of p'erfons refort from the city. This 
 houfe being fituated on the top of a hill, affords a delightful 
 profpect of the neighbouring country. 
 
 TOTTENHAM HIGH CROSS. 
 This is a village in Middlrfex on the weft fide of the 
 river Lea, five miles north eaft from London. — David, King 
 of Scotland, being poiTeifcd of this manor, after it had be- 
 longed to the Earls of Northumberland and Chefter, gave 
 it to the monaftery of the Trinity in London ; but King Henry 
 VIII. granted it to William Lord Howard of Effingham, who 
 being afterwards attainted, it reverted again to the King, who 
 
 then 
 
& A N £ XV DISPLAY OF 
 
 then granted it to the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul'i, (6 
 whom it (till belongs. The church (lands on a hill, which has 
 a little river called the Mofel at the bottom, to the weft, north, 
 and call. 
 
 The parifli h divided into four wards, viz. I. Nether Ward, 
 in which ftands the parfonage and vicarage. 2. Middle Ward, 
 comprehending Church-end, and Marfh-ftreet. 3. High Crofs 
 Ward, containing the Hall, the Mill, Page-green, and the 
 High Crofs. And, 4. Wood Green Ward ; which compre- 
 hends all the reft of the parifli, and is larger than the three 
 other wards put together. 
 
 The Crafsi which gives name to the place, was once much 
 higher than it is at prefent, and upon that fpot Queen Eleanor's 
 corpfe was refted, when it was brought from Lincolnfiiire, 
 where (he died, to London. Of St. Loy's well, in this pa- 
 rifli, itisfaid, that it is always brimful, but never runs over; 
 and of the Bifliop's Well the people report many ftrange 
 cures. 
 
 In the middle of a circular tuft of elms, at the erid of Page- 
 gteen, which are called the Seven Sifters, there flood many years 
 a walnut-tree always flourifhing, yet never grew bigger nor 
 taller. The feven trees which go under the denomination of 
 the Seven Sifters, are faid to have been planted by feven fitters ; 
 and one of the trees being crooked, the country people very 
 gravely add this marvellous circumftance, that the female who 
 planted this tree was crooked, though all her lifters were ftraight; 
 and her obliqutiy, it feems, communicated hfelf to the tree 
 which (he planted. 
 
 There was a very great wood formerly, of four hundred acres* 
 on and about the hill, on the weft fide of the parifli.- — In 
 1596, an alms-houfe was founded here by one Zancher, a 
 Spaniard, the firft confectioner ever known in this kingdom- 
 Here are alfo a free-fchool, and a charity- fchool tor twenty- 
 two girls, who are cloathed and taught. In the reign of 
 
 Henry VIII. George Heningham, Efq; one of that prince's 
 favourites, founded an alms houfe here for three poor widows. 
 — There are many pretty country houfes and gentlemens feats 
 in this neighbourhood ; and, among others, Alderman 7 own- 
 fend has a very handfome feat here, known by the name 
 of Bruce Caftle. It is in a very pleafing fituation, and the 
 building has at once an air cf neatnefs, grandeur, and an- 
 tiquity. 
 
 W AL-i 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 33 
 
 W A L T H A M S T O W. 
 
 This is a confiderable village in the county of EfTex, fituated 
 on the river Lea, about fix miles from London. The greateft 
 part of thisparifh, in Edward the ConfeiTor's reign, belonged to 
 Wahheof, a nobleman of great eminence, who (ubmitted to 
 William the Conqueror, and was thereupon reftored to his ho- 
 nours and paternal effates. William alio conferred on him the 
 earldoms of Northumberland, Northampton, and Huntingdon, 
 and gave him his niece Judith in marriage. Notwithstanding 
 which, Waltheof engaging in aconfpiracy to depofe William, 
 was beheaded at Winchefter, about the year 1075- 
 
 The river here divides ElTex from Middlefex as far as Lea- 
 bridge. There are feveral ancient feats and handfome houfes, 
 belonging to perfons of diftindion, at Walthamftow. The 
 molt remarkable of which was that of Higham Hall, pleafantly 
 fituated upon Higham-hill, a rifing ground, about half a mile 
 north from Clay-ltreet, juft above the river Lea, overlooking 
 the counties of Middlefex and Hertfordfhire, and commanding 
 a moft delightful and extenfive profped. It has been a magni- 
 ficent and fpacious fabric, and in antient times when the Lords 
 refided upon their royalties, no place could be more admirably 
 fituated than this manfion, ere&ed at the top of the hill of High- 
 am, and having within its view the whole extent of its jurifdic- 
 tion: but there are now hardly any traces of its ancient gran- 
 deur remaining. 
 
 Walthamftow church, which is dedicated to the BlefTed Vir- 
 gin, is a large edifice fituated upon a hill, and confifls of three 
 ifles, that on the north fide built by Sir George Monox, Knt. 
 Alderman and Lord Mayor of London in the reign of Henry 
 the Eighth, is called Monox'sifle; and that on the fouth fide 
 bears the name of Thome's ifle, from a Citizen and Mer- 
 chant Taylor of that name, who was probably at the expence 
 of building it. In this church are a great number of monu- 
 ments. 
 
 Sir George Monox alfo built alms-houfes on the north-fide 
 of the church-yard for thirteen poor people, eight men and five 
 women ; with an apartment for a free-fchool. And for their 
 maintenance fettled on truftees an eftate in Mark-lane, London. 
 Mr. Henry Maynard, a merchant of London, was alfo a great 
 benefactor to this parifh. 
 
 Anthony Bacon, Efq; has a good houfe, ftanding in a 
 paddock, about a mile and a half eaft from the church. And 
 
 J£ Thomas 
 
34 
 
 A NEW DISP LAY OF 
 
 Thomas Grofvenor, Efq; has a fine old houfe, half a mile weft 
 front the chuich. 
 
 Walthamitow contains fevcral ftreets or hamlets, but which 
 are not clo'ely joined or connected together, but aie fituated as 
 follows ; Shanhall-Mreet, an hundred yards weft from the church ; 
 Hare-ftreet, a quaiter of a mile fbuth-eaft; Wood ford- ft reet, 
 half a mile eaft ; and March-ftreet, three quarters of a mile weft 
 of the church. 
 
 W A N S T E D. 
 This is a very pleafant village, at the diftance of fix miles 
 from London. The parifh of Wanfted joins to that of Walt- 
 bamftow. WanHed is in a delightful fituation, the greateft part 
 of it ftanding on an hill, from which is commanded a beautiful 
 profpecl: of the city of London, and its environs ; the fine hills 
 of Kent ; the river Thames ; and rich views of the neighbour- 
 ing parifhes. It is fuppofed that there was here a Roman villa, 
 or fomc little (lation : for in the year 1715, as Sir Richard 
 Child's gardeners were digging hoks for planting an avenue of 
 trees in the park, on the f iuth -fide of the lower part of the gar- 
 dens, they difcovered a teflklated Roman pavement. The owner 
 would not permit it to be laid quite open j but by the fragments 
 thrown up, they obferved, that it confifted of fmall fquare Tef- 
 ferae of btick of divers colours, from one inch to a quarter of 
 an inch fquare. Round it there was a border of about a foot 
 broad, compoftd of red dies about three quarters of an inch 
 fquare; within which were feveral ornaments wove in wreaths, 
 and in the middle the figure of a man riding, holding fomething 
 in his right hand. The pavement was fituated on a gentle 
 gravelly afcent, towards the north ; and, at a fmall diftance from 
 the fouth end of it, was a fpring, or well, of fine water, now 
 abforbed into a great pond. From this well the ground rofe 
 gently towards the fouth, till it came to an exadl level, which 
 leaches a great way. On the very brink of this level, and about 
 three hundred yaids directly fouth from the before faid well and 
 pavement, were the ruins of fome brick foundations. Some 
 years afterwards, upon making further improvements, the work- 
 men found feveral fherds of broken pots, or fragments of urns, 
 of different kinds of earth, fome brown, fome white, &c. but 
 liW of a coarfeclay; many pieces of bricks, which proved that 
 there had been a building there ; and many calcined human 
 tones, teeih, &c, A filver medal 3 a copper one of theempe* 
 
 ror 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 35 
 
 ror Valens ; ami another of copper, generally efreemed to be of 
 the Conftantine age, were likewife fou'd here. Smart Ix- 
 thieulier, Efq; was of opinion, that this was the maufoleum of 
 fome private familv, whofe villa perhaps flood on the more eleva- 
 ted ground where Wanfted now ftands. 
 
 The church here, which is dedicated to St. Mary, (lands near 
 Wanfled-houfe, and was new built, chiefly at the t-xpence of the 
 late Richard Earl Tylncy. Among other monuments in this 
 church, there is a very lumptuous one erected to the memory 
 of Sir Jonas Child, a very eminent merchant, and well known 
 for his excellent treatife on trade. This gentleman purchalld 
 the manor of Wanfted, from whom it came to his dcfcend.iut, 
 the prefent pcfT.-flbr, Jjhn, Vifcount Caftlemain, and Earl of 
 Tylney. 
 
 There are at Wanfted, and in its neighbourhood, feveral fine 
 feats of the nobility, gentry, and wealthy citizens ; but their 
 luftre is gre.itly eclipied by Wansted House, the maynificent 
 feat of EarlT)lney. I bis n(;ble feat was prepared by Sir jo- 
 iias Child, who added to the advantage of a fine fituation, a vafl 
 number of rows of tree*, planted in avenues and viftas leading 
 up to the fpot of ground where the old houfe flood. The late 
 Lord Tylney, before he was enobled, laid out the moft fpacious 
 pieces of ground in gardens, that are to be feen in this part of 
 England. The green-houfe is a very fuperb building, furnifhed 
 with ftovesand artificial places for heat, from an apartment which 
 has a bagnio, and other conveniences, that render it both ufeful 
 and pleafant. 
 
 The houfe was built fince thefe gardens were finifhed, by the 
 late Earl of Tylney, and defigned by Colonel Campbell, and is 
 certainly one of the nobleft houfes not only near London, but 
 in the kingdom. It is two hundred and fixty feet in length, and 
 feventy in depth, fronted with Portland {tone. It confifts of 
 two ftones, the {fate and ground ftory. This latter is the bail- 
 ment, into which you enter by a door in the middle underneath 
 the grand entrance, which is in a noble portico of fix Corinthian 
 columns fupporting a pediment, in which are the arms of Lord 
 Tylney. To this you afcend by a flight of fteps, and pafs into 
 a magnificent faloon, richly decorated with painting and fcuSp- 
 ture, through which you pafs into the other ftate rooms, which 
 are fuitably furnifhed with pictures, gilding, velvet, tapeftry, and 
 other rich hangings. Before this houfe is an o&angular bafon, 
 
 E 2 which 
 
36 AN E W DISPLAY OF 
 
 which feems equal to the length of the front. On each fide as 
 you approach the houfe, are two marble ftatues of Hercules and 
 Venus, with obelifks and vafes alternately placed. The garden 
 front has no portico, but a pediment with a bafs relief fupported 
 by fix three quarter columns. 
 
 The fore front of the houfe has a long vifta that reaches to the 
 great road at Leighton Stone, and from the back front facing the 
 gardens isaneafy defcent that leads to the terrace, and affords a 
 moft beautiful profpe£t of the river, which is formed into canals ; 
 and beyond it the walks and wildernefs extend to a great dif- 
 tance, riling up the hill, as they Hoped downwards before ; fo 
 that the fight is loft in the woods, and the whole country, as far 
 as the eye can reach, appears one continued garden. 
 
 The grand hall in Wanfted Houfe is fifty-three feet long, by 
 forty-five broad ; the ornaments confift chiefly of two large an - 
 tique ftatues, on marble pedeftals, Livia and Domitian ; and three 
 large pictures by Cafali, Coriolanus, Porfenna, and Pompey ta- 
 king leave of his family. The Ball Room, which runs the whole 
 length of the houfe, is feventy-five feet by twenty-feven ; and is 
 very elegantly fitted up with gilded ornaments of all kinds. One 
 of rhe dining rooms is ornamented with three large pictures by 
 Cafali i Alexander directing Apelles to paint Campafpe, who is 
 fitting naked in a chair j the continence of Scipio ; and Sopho- 
 nifba taking poifon. 
 
 The manor of Cannons-Hall^ or Cann-Hall, lies about a 
 mile fouth-weft of Wanfted church. It anciently belonged to the 
 prior and canons of the Holy Trinity, in London. It is now 
 the property of William Colgrove, Efq; — A good houfe in this 
 parilh, pleafantly fituared, and having thirty acres of gardens, 
 was built in 1690, by Sir Francis Dafhwood j and from him the 
 cftate palled to Sir Orlando Bridgman; but is now the property 
 of Humphrey Bowles, Efq. 
 
 WOODFORD. 
 This village is eight miles from London ; and derives its name 
 from the ford in the wood, or foreft, where now is Woodford 
 Bridge. This was one of the 17 lordfhips with which Earl Harold 
 endowed his abbey of Waltham holy-crofs, and was confirmed 
 to that monaftery, with all its lands and appurtenances, and li- 
 berties, by King Edward the Confeflbr, in his charter, in 1062. 
 The cuftom of the manor of Woodford is Borough- Englifh ; by 
 which the youngeft fon inherits. The origin of this cuftom has 
 
 been 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 37 
 
 been a fubjedt of much difpute ; but it appears to have pre- 
 vailed greatly in the kingdom of the Eaft Saxons. Dr. Plot ha3 
 conjectured, * that it was introduced by the Lord of the ma- 
 * nor's claiming the right of enjoying the bride, daughter of 
 4 his tenant, on the wedding- night ; therefore the villain, or 
 4 Have, doubting whether the eldeft fon was his own, made the 
 6 youngeft heir.' But as there feems not to be fufficient evidence, 
 that this ever was an eftablifhed practice, the Doctor's conjecture 
 has been fuppofed not to be well founded. 
 
 At Woodford Rovu t Richard Warner, Efq; has a fine gar- 
 den, with a labyrinth, adorned with leveral Greek inscriptions, 
 and other curiofuies. And Robert Moxam, Efq; has an ex- 
 ceeding good houfe here, called the Profpefl-boufe, a name 
 which it derives from its fituation, which is remarkably 
 
 pleafant. Woodford Wells were formerly in repute, as 
 
 purgative, and good for many diforders, but are now entirely 
 neglected. 
 
 About a mile from Woodford is the parifh of Chingford, irf 
 which there is an eftate of 24I. per ami. holden of the rector. 
 Upon every alienation, the owner of the eftate, with his wife, 
 man-fervant, maid-fervam, each fingle on a horfe, come to the 
 parfonage ; where the owner does his homage, and pays his relief 
 in the following manner. He blows three blafts with his horn ; 
 carries a hawk on his fift ; his fervant has a greyhound in a flip ; 
 both for the ufe of the rector for that day. He receives a chic- 
 ken for his hawk, a peck of oars for his horfe, and a loaf of 
 bread for his greyhound. They all dine, after which themafter 
 blows three blafts with his horn, and they all depart. 
 
 C H I G W E L L. 
 
 This is a pleafant village in EfTex, about ten miles from Lon- 
 don. This parifh, as well as the neighbouring ones, is moft 
 delightfully fituated ; on which account, and from its convenient 
 diftance, it is much frequented by perfons from the metropolis, it 
 being one of the molt pleafing rides within the like diftance. 
 The village is neat and agreeable, and has good accommodations 
 for travellers; but carries on no manufacture ; it being rather a 
 place for receiving thofe who are fond of fhort excurfions into 
 the country, than a place of much commerce. From Chigwell- 
 row is a fine view extending upwards of thirty miles, and com- 
 prehending a great part of the river Thames, bounded by the 
 
 pleafant 
 
3« 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 1 
 
 pleafant hills of Kent ; by Danbury-fpire in Effex ; by the forefl: 
 of Henhault; and an exceeding rich country around. 
 
 In Chigwell church, there is a fine large plate of brafs, with 
 the whole length portraiture of Samuel Harfnett, archbiihop of 
 York, engraved thereon in a very curious manner. This pre- 
 late, who had been vicar of this parifli, founded here two free 
 fchools, one called the Grammar, and the other the Englifli 
 fchool. At the weft end of the church is a wooden belfrey, built 
 of chefnut, containing five bells; and over the belfrey is a hand- 
 
 fome fpire, fhingled. About a mile and a quarter fouth- weft 
 
 of the church, in a bottom, wafhed by the river Roding, is 
 Lmborough^z fine feat belonging to John Raymond, Efq; — The 
 manor of Barringtons, now called Rolls, is about half a mile 
 north-eaft from the church. The manfion-houfe to it is an ele- 
 gant modern building, with extenfive offices, and every conve- 
 niency fuitable to render it a very commodious and agreeable feat. 
 It ftands upon the declivity of a large hill, and is enriched with 
 a fine profpecl:. 
 
 The Forejl of Henhault, in this neighbourhood, is fuppofed 
 to have been fo named from its having been well flocked with 
 deers from Henhault in Germany. Within this forelt fthnds the 
 remarkable large oak called Fair-lop, meafuring upwards of fif- , 
 teen yards in bulk : it is not an over-tall tree, but is 1,/ngularly 
 beautiful and curious, on account of the boughs fpreading from 
 top to bottom in a regular circle ; and being level underneath, 
 about ten feet from the ground, fo a^ to reprefent an jimbrelia. ; 
 A cuftom prevailed among many of the Londoners, to come 
 yearly to eat beans and bacon, drefled under the boughs of this 
 tree, which are fuppofed to extend eighty feet from the body, all 
 around. It at laft became fo remarkable, that a fair was Held 
 under it called Fair-lop Fair ; which fair fome years ago was or- 
 dered to be difcontinued by Lord Tylney and the Verdurer, on 
 account of its being a nuifance ; for befides the riots which fre- 
 quently happened there, the deer fuffered much. 
 
 Lamborn is a pleafant parifh, adjoining to Chigwell. The 
 houfes herein are fcattered at a diftance from each other, fome 
 of which are neat, and the refidence of gentlemen of fortune ; 
 particularly Deux-hall, the feat of R. Lockwood, Efq; which 
 commands an extenfive profpedf. ; and Bifhop's-hall, the feat 
 of William Waylet, Efq. The latter derives its name from 
 its having been formerly the habitation of Henry Spencer, bifhop 
 
 of 
 
 Hi 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 39 
 
 of Norwich, in the reign of King Richard II. a prelate more ce- 
 lebrated for his military exploits, than his learning and piety. 
 The foil here is fruitful, and of various kinds, and hufbandry 
 alone feems to be the employ of the inhabitants. Lamborn 
 church appears to be a very ancient edifice. 
 
 At a little difknee from hence, in the parifh of Stapleford 
 Abbots, Sir Anthony Thomas Abdy, Bart, member of parlia- 
 ment for Knarefborough, in Yorkfhire, has a fine leat, known 
 by the name of AlbVns. It is fituated about half a mile north 
 from Stapleford church, and is furrounded by a fmall park. It 
 is a large ftately edifice, and by fome thought to be erected by 
 I«{g<j Jones ; but Mr. Horace Walpole is of opinion that this 
 is a miitake. — Knowle, otherwife Knowle's hill, a mile fouth- 
 weft from the church, is a pleafant fpot in this parifh, where 
 Henry Spencer, bifhop of Norwich, of whom we juft made 
 mention, had alfo a feat. A piece of ground here, being a wood 
 of twelve acres, is ftill called Bifhop's Moat, where is a moat, 
 reported to have been paved with marble. 
 
 In the adjoining parifh of Naveftock, ftands Nave-stock 
 Hall, the feat of the Earl of Waldegrave. It is fituated a 
 little way north from the church, is a handfome regular brick 
 building, and has fo many advantages and decorations, both of na- 
 ture and art, as renders it a very pleafing and elegant feat. The 
 gardens and grounds around it have been much improved by Lord 
 Waldegrave. 
 
 The parifh of Kelvedon Hatch adjoins to Naveftock ; it is but 
 a fmall one, but has two feats in it belonging to perfons of figure 
 in the county. One of which, belonging to John Wright, 
 Efq; and known by the name of Kelvedon Hall, is a very 
 elegant new-built brick-houfe, with proper offices belonging to 
 it; and likewife pleafant gardens, fome pieces of water, and 
 other decorations ; but what contributes in the greateft meafure 
 to render this fpot delightful, is the rich and extenfive profpeel: 
 that it commands ; in which a part of London, although full 
 twenty miles diftant, is to be feen on a fine clear day by the na- 
 ked eye. — John Luther, Efq; one of the members of parliament 
 for the county of Effex, lus alio a feat here called Miles's, 
 about a mile diftant from the church. — On a tomb lione in the 
 church here, is a plate with the following infeription : 
 S* Fratres in unum. 
 " Here lies Richard and Anthony Luther, Efqrs. 
 " truly loving brothers, that they lived near forty years 
 
 *' joint 
 
4 o 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY Oh 
 
 " joint houfe-keepers together at Miles's, without any 
 " accompt between them." 
 In a neighbouring parifh, Theydon Mount, is a fine feat known 
 bythenameof Hill Hall, which for elegance, and the fine- 
 nefs of its profpedts, is efteemed inferior to few in the county of 
 EfTex. This edifice was built by Sir Thomas Smith, fecretary of 
 ftate in 1548. It is quadrangular, with very thick and lofty 
 walls, adorned with columns in imitation of (tone. The en- 
 trance to it is northward, along a ftately avenue of great length 
 and fuitable breadth, on each of which are rows of ftately elms, 
 and other plantations. Great alterations were made in it by Sir 
 Edward Smith in the laft century, and more have been made by 
 its prefent owner, Sir Charles Smith. — The church here, which 
 is dedicated to St. Michael, is pleafantly fituited. It was burnt 
 by lightning, and was rebuilt by Sir William Smith, of brick, 
 tiled. In the chancel of this church are feveral coftly monu- 
 ments, the moft ancient of which is that eredled to the memory 
 of Sir Thomas Smith, whom we have juft mentioned, and who 
 was not only an able ftatefman, but one of the moft learned 
 men of the age in which he lived, and a great promoter of the 
 ftudy of the Greek language. 
 
 Theydon Gerncn is a very pleafant parifh, which lies upon the 
 weft fide of Theydon Mount. It is frequently called Cooper/ale, 
 from a capital feat about two miles north of the church. The 
 houfeftands upon the decliviry of a hill, on the right hand fide 
 of the road leading to Epping. Around the houfe are a variety 
 of beautiful lawns, viftoes, and other agreeable objects, but the 
 profpeft is very much confined. The village is but fmall, and 
 confifts chiefly of a few fliops, and houfes of artificers. But this, 
 with fome of the neighbouring parifhes, may with propriety be 
 called the garden of EJfex, from the pleafing variety of the hills 
 and vales, the fertility of the foil, the goodnefs of the roads, the 
 neatnefs of the buildings, and the many additional ornaments 
 they receive from the number of noblemens and gentlemens 
 feats with which they abound ; infomuch that a traveller cannot 
 pafs through this part of the county without being ftruck with its 
 beauty, and the variety of noble and pleafing profpe&s which 
 in different places prefent themfelves to its view. 
 
 At a fmall diftance from hence is the parifh of Loughton, 
 which is about thirteen miles from London, and in a very 
 healthy fituation. The village is fmall and neat, but carries 
 on little or no traffic. In this parifh are feveral very good 
 
 houfes, 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 4 i 
 
 houfes, particularly that in which Captain Williams refides, 
 oh the left hand fide of the road leading to London ; one be- 
 longing to Sackville Boyle, Efq; at the bottom of Bucket-green ; 
 and another to Alexander Hamilton, Efq; upon Dedderi-green. 
 Richard Lomax Clay, Efq; late high-fheriff of this county, 
 has an excellent houfe upon the fummit of Golden-hill, which 
 commands an exceedingly rich and extenfive profpedt, hi 
 which the greateft part of the city of London is included. 
 And Loughton hall, though it is not a regular, is a large hand- 
 fome building, furrounded by a variety of beautiful prof- 
 pe£ts. The parifh of Loughton was one of the feventeeri 
 Lordfhips whherewith Earl Harold endowed his monaftery of 
 Waltham ; and in that monaftery it continued till the fuppref- 
 fion, when it came to the crown. It is faid that in 1688, the 
 Princefs of Denmark, afterwards Queen Anne, retired to 
 Loughton-hall, when {he faw how things were going on with 
 her imprudent father. Loughton church is very agreeably fitu- 
 ated, having a fine profpedtall around it. 
 
 WALTHAM-ABBEY, orWALTHAM- 
 HOLY-CROSS. . 
 
 This is a town in Eflex, on the eaft fide of the river Lea, 
 which here dividing, inclofes fome iflands with fine meadows, 
 and parts EfTex from Hertfordfhire, and this village from Walt- 
 ham Crofs, or Weft Waltham. The firft mention which is 
 made of this place by aatient writers, is about the latter times 
 of the Saxons ; when it appears that Tovi, a man of great 
 wealth and authority, ftandard -bearer to King Canute, induced 
 by the abundance of deer, built a number of houfes here, and 
 peopled them with fixty-fix inhabitants. King Edward the 
 Confeflbr, into whofe hands it afterwards came, beftowed this 
 village upon his brother-in-law Harold, fon to Earl Godwin, 
 who built an abbey here, from whence the place derives its pre- 
 fent name. Tovi had begun a church here for twopriefts, and 
 committed to their keeping a miraculous Crofs, faid to have been 
 difcovered in a vifion to a carpenter far weftward, and brought 
 hither in a manner unknown $ which was reported to work many 
 wonders. On account of that crofs, this place is faid to have 
 obtained the name of Holy Crofs. 
 
 After Harold became pofleiled of it, in the year 1062, he 
 founded here a college for a dean, and eleven fecular canons, 
 in memory of King Edward, his Queen ,/Edith, his father and 
 
 F mother.* 
 
42 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 mother, and all his other relations ; and endowed it with Weft 
 Waltham, and frxteen other manors. Many other very con* 
 fiderable grants were afterwards made to this monaftery, and it 
 was alfo endowed with very great and fpecial privileges and immu- 
 nities. However, it appears that the foundation for a dean and 
 canons was of no longer continuance than from the year 1062 
 to 1 177. For the court of Rome having formed the defign of 
 introducing into all convents inftead of feculars, under pre- 
 tence that the latter lived more irreligioufly and carnally than 
 the other!, King Henry If. converted this college into a mona- 
 ftery for an abbot, and fixteen monks of the order of St. Au- 
 guftine. His principal motive for fo doing, appears to have been, 
 the faying his money ; for, in order to pacify the Pope, having 
 vowed to ere£t an abbey for canons regular, to the honour of 
 God and St. Thomas a Becket, for the expiation of his fins, 
 it was much cheaper for him to make a fmall change in this, than 
 to erect a new one. However, from this time till the diflb- 
 lutionof the monafteries, it continued an abbey for Auftin 
 monks. Its abbots, who were mitred, and had the 20th place 
 in parliament, lived in a rnoft fplendid, but hofpitable manner; 
 and were frequently vifited by King Henry III. when he was re- 
 duced, and obliged to carry his family about for a dinner. The 
 abbey was at the diflolution beftowed by King Henry VIII. on Sir 
 Anthony Denny, one of his favourites, and gentleman of his 
 bed-chamber; but the manor of Waltham is at prefent in the 
 pofleffiion of Sir William Wake, Bart. 
 
 This abbey was a curious, large, and antique frruclure ; the 
 whole front a few years ago was entirely rebuilt with brick and 
 /tone, after a modern and beautiful form by Charles Wake 
 Jones, Efq; and on each fide front it had a wing. The hall 
 was exceedingly handfome, being remarkable for its curious 
 wainfcotting and excellent paintings. In length it meafured fix- 
 teen yards and a half; in breadth eight yards and a half ; and in 
 height nine yards and one foot. It was encompaiTed with many 
 fertile paftures, and pleafant meads and marines. The fpacious 
 garden belonging to it was furrounded by a beautiful canal : 
 the garden, which was very delightful, contained a variety of 
 plants, and fruits, fine groves and walks ; and in Ihort, every 
 thing that was necefTary to render it agreeable. But the fine 
 tulip-tree that is here muft not be forgotten, it being efteemed 
 the largeft that ever was feen. This tree is ftill left, and is en- 
 compaiTed 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 43 
 
 compaffed by a paling. Butthehoufe was pulled down in 1770, 
 and the gardens are now let to a gardener. 
 
 Waltham abbey -church js a Gothic edifice, rather large than 
 neat, firm than fair, and very dark. The great pillars are 
 wreathed with indentings, which arefaid to have been formerly 
 filled up with brafs. To the fouth fide of the church adjoins a 
 chapel, now converted into a fchool ; and formerly called cur 
 Lady's, becaufethere was founded in it a chantry ,of that narne j 
 and under it is a very fair arched charnal-houfe. The whole 
 was formerly well leaded, jjiut is now tiled In the m:ddle ftood 
 the tower, cathedral-wife. Part of it falling down foon afier 
 the furrender of the abbey, probably in pulling down the chan- 
 cel and choir, a wall was run up at the e;ift end of the church ; 
 and a handfome tower was eiedfed at the weft end, 86 feet in 
 height from the foundation to the battlements. This was be- 
 gun in the year 1558, at the charge of the parifhioners j and 
 three years were employed in the building it. Every year's 
 work is difcernible by the difference in the ftones ; and the pa- 
 rifh was obliged, in order to raife money to complete the build- 
 ing, to fell their bells, which before hung in a wooden frame in 
 the church yard. So that Waltham, which had formerly bells 
 without a fteeple, had for fome time a fteeple without bells. 
 There are now fix bells. 
 
 The founder, King Harold, was buried in this church, with 
 his two brothers, Girth and Leofwiue. Since the demolition 
 of the chancel, or of a chapel thereto adjoining, the place of 
 his fepulchre is within the garden of the Lord of the Manor. 
 Over his grave laid a grey ma:b'e (tone, with a crofs carved 
 upon it, and a Latin epitaph, which has been thus tranflated : 
 
 4C A fierce foe thee flew ; thou a King, he a King in view : 
 
 fi Both peers, both pe^rlefs ; both feard, and both fearlds : 
 
 * c That fad day was mixt, by Firmin and Calixt ; 
 
 " Th' one help'd thee to vanquifh, t'other made thee to languish. 
 
 " Both now for thee pray, and thy requiem fay ; 
 
 *' So let good men all, to God for thee call." 
 
 The laft account we have of this tomb-ftone, is, that it 
 was at Waltham-mill, apd feen there by Dr. Uvedell of 
 Enfield. Towards the end of Queen Elizabeth's reign, King 
 Harold's coffin was difcovered by one Tomkins, gardener 
 to Sir Edward Denny, being of a hard ftone, and covered 
 with another ; wherein the bones lay in. proper order, with- 
 
 F 2 out 
 
44 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 out any kind of dirt but upon the touch mouldered into 
 duft. 
 
 A decent meeting-houfe was erected here in 1729, for Pro^ 
 teftant Diflenters. There are aifo here four alms-houfes, found- 
 ed for four widows by Mr. Green, purveyor to King James I. 
 with an orchard and a barn adjoining, the rent of which is pay- 
 able to the faid widows. Upon the alms-houfes is the following 
 infcription, the fentiments of which deferve to be attended tQ } 
 whatever may be thought of the poetry. 
 
 " Birth is a pain, life, labour, care, toil, thrall j 
 
 *? In old age ftrength fails, laftly, death ends all." 
 
 " Whilft ftrong life laft, let virtuous deeds be fhown, 
 
 <c Fruit of fuch trees are thereby hardly feen or known. 
 
 M To have reward with lafting joys for ay, 
 
 44 When vicious actions fall to ends decay. 
 
 " Of wealth o'erplus, land, money, ftock, or ftore, 
 
 e< In life that will relieve aged, needy, .poor, 
 
 M Good deeds defer not till the fun'ral rite be paft ; 
 
 <c In life-time what's done, is made more fure, firm, fall ; 
 
 * £ So ever after it fhall be known and feen 
 
 ** The leaf and fruit (hall ever fpring frefh and green. 1626. 
 
 In the eaftern extremity of the parifh, partly in it, and partly 
 in that of Epping, by the fide of Copped Hall Park, is a fine 
 old camp, inclofing nacres, 2 roods, and 20 perches, com- 
 monly called Amber's-bank. The new road from Debdon- 
 green to Epping goes through [it. Mr. Morant is of opinion, 
 that the decifive battle between Boadicea and the Romans was 
 fought hereabouts.- — Harold*s Park, fo named from Earl Ha- 
 rold, part of whofe demefnes it was, and given by him to Wal- 
 tham-abbey, is about three miles north-eaft of the church. 
 
 The town of Waltham-abbey is built moftly of timber; it 
 is very irregular and inconvenient, and makes but a mean appear- 
 ance ; the chief houfe in it is that of James Barwick, Efq, 
 The market-place is fmall, and the market, which is held on 
 Tuefdays, is well provided with grain, and noted for fine veal, 
 pork, and pigs. Here are two fairs annually ; one on the 14th 
 of May ; and the other on September 25, 26 ; which laft was 
 formerly held for feven days. On the one fide of the town are 
 large and beautiful meadows, fomeof which are ufed in common 
 to the town. Thefe meadows in the time of King Alfred, in 
 the year 876, laid under water, which great water was 
 then navigable. That truly great King (who really was, what 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 45 
 
 fome later Kings have only pretended to be, the father of his 
 people) divided the grand ftreams of the river Lea into feveral 
 rivulets, by which means fome Danifh (hips which lay here for 
 fecurity, became water-bound, and their mariners were obli- 
 ged to Ihift for themfelves over-land ; which proved a great 
 check to the ravages of the Danes. 
 
 A new navigable river hath lately been cut here. It takes 
 its rife at a place called Ives's ferry, in Hertfordfhire, where it 
 is fupplied from the old river Lea, and extends through part of 
 the town of Waltham -abbey, Endfield, Edmonton, and Hack- 
 ney-marine's, Bromley, Limehoufe, and Dick-fhore, empty- 
 ing itfeif into the Thames. The chief utility of which is, that 
 the navigation to Waltham-abbey is fhortened about ten miles, 
 and the expenfive delay of the craft in the Thames by eafterly 
 winds, is in a great meafure avoided. Thefe rivers afford plen- 
 ty of filh, fome fahnon-trouts, eels, carp, tench, pike, perch, 
 craw-fifh, and many others. 
 
 Near the town, on one of thefe rivers, are feveral curious 
 gun-powder-mills, upon a new conftruction, worked by water, 
 the old ones having been worked by horfes. Thefe are reckon- 
 ed the moft compleat in England, and will make near an 
 hundred barrels weekly for the fervice of the government, each 
 barrel containing one hundred weight. They are now the pro- 
 perty of Bouchier Walton, Efq. — On the north fide of the 
 town callico-printing is carried on with great fpirit. The wool- 
 combing bufinefs is alfo carried on here frill j but not in fo ex- 
 fenfive a manner as it was formerly. 
 
 The learned Dr. Jofeph Hall, afterwards Bifhop of Exeter 
 and Norwich, was minifter of this parilh ; as was alfo Dr. 
 Thomas Fuller, author of the Church Hiftory of Britain, the 
 Worthies of England, Sic. and who was fo famous for the ex- 
 traordinary ftrength of hi ^ memory. 
 
 About two miles from Waltham-abbey, in the road to Ep- 
 ping, is a beautiful feat, named Warleys, lately in the pof- 
 feffion of Mr. Carter, but now belonging to his two daugh- 
 ters. The houfe is fituated in a bottom ; but the park and 
 other objetts about it rife to the view, and form a pleating prof- 
 pect. — Edward Parker, Efq; has alfo a good houfe about a 
 quarter of a mile eaft from the town. 
 
 WEST-WALTHAM, or WALTHAM-CROSS. 
 This is a fmall town on the weft fide of the river Lea, in 
 Middlefex and Hertfordfhire. It is a poft-town, and good 
 thoroughfare in the Ware road, about, twelve miles from 
 
 London. 
 
4 6 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 London. It has its name of Crofs, from that ere&ed here by 
 order of King Edward I. in memory of its being one of the 
 refting places for the corpfe of his Queen, when flie was brought 
 from the north to be interred at Weftminfter. That princefs's 
 effigies are placed round the pillar- with the arms of her con- 
 fort, and thofe of her own, viz. England, Caflile, Leon, and 
 Poiclou, which are ftill in part remaining, though greatly de- 
 faced. 
 
 E P P J N G. 
 This town lies eaft-north-eafl- of Waltham-abbey, and is 
 about fixteen miles from London. It is divided into two parts ; 
 namely, Upland, where the church is fituated ; and Townfide, 
 where the town (lands. It confifts chiefly of inns and public- 
 houfes, thefliops being few in number, juft furficient to fupply 
 the town and neighbourhood with common neceffaries. It is 
 near a mile in length, extending almoft due eaft and weft. A 
 market is held here weekly on 1 1 idays, and its principal com- 
 modities are fowls and butter, it being particularly famous for 
 the latter, much of which is carried from hence to London. 
 The buildings in the town are but indifferent ; and here is a 
 church and a brick chapel, the latter in a miferable condition, 
 at which and the church, divine fervice is performed alternately. 
 Here is a Diftenting-meeting houfe, and alfo a Quakers- 
 meeting. The church ftands pleafantly on a rifing ground, 
 is of one pace with the chancel, and of an uncommon 
 length. It has of late been repaired and beautified, and is ex- 
 tremely neat. 
 
 Copped Hall, or Copt Hall, the feat of John Conyers, Efq; 
 member for the county, is in the parifli of Epping. This is 
 an elegant and convenient modern edifice, and is very agreeably 
 fituated. The gardens belonging to it are well laid out, and 
 here is a large park. In the old houfe here was a ftately gal- 
 lery fifty -fix yards long, erecled by Sir Thomas Heneage, 
 ■which was blown down in November, 1639, by a violent hur- 
 ricane. At this feat was formerly a chapel, wherein was placed 
 the fine painted glafs window from Newhall chapel, and which 
 John Conyers, Efq; fold to the pariftiioners of St. Margaret's, 
 Weftminfter, by whom it has been put up in the chancel of 
 that church. 
 
 Epping- For ejl, which is a royal chace, and which reaches 
 many miles from the town of Epping towards London, was 
 anciently called the Foreft of Effex, and then of Wakham ; 
 and was granted by Edward the Confeffor to his favourite 
 
 Ran- 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 47 
 
 Randolph Pepper-king, afterwards called Peverell ; who ha- 
 ving a beautiful lady to his wife, Wiljiam the Conqueror 
 fell in love with her, and had a fan by her, called William Pe- 
 verell. 
 
 C H E P I N G O N G A R. 
 
 This is a fmall town in the county of Eflex, fituated on the 
 river Roding, eight miles from Epping, and twenty from Lon- 
 don. It confifts chiefly of one flreet of" pretty good houfes, but 
 has been a market-town for many years, on which account here 
 are fome good inns. The market is kept weekly on Saturdays. 
 The traffic of this town, except on market-days, is but tri- 
 fling, and at thole times is not very confiderable. Here are two 
 fairs annually, the one on Eafter Tuefday, the other the day 
 after the feaft of St. Michael, both of which fairs are for toys 
 and hiring of fervants. 
 
 This place in old records was called Ongar ad Cajlrum^ 
 from a caltle built here by Richard de Lucy, who was intrufted 
 with the office of lieutenant of the kingdom in the abfence of 
 King Henry 11. in Normandy*. This caftle was fituated at 
 on the top of an artificial hill, and furrounded by a large moat ; 
 which, with feveral other moats, compofed the fortification; 
 but the caftle growing ruinous, was taken down in Queen Eli- 
 zabeth's reign, and an handfosne brick edifice erected in its 
 room. But this building was demolifhed by Edward Alexan- 
 der, Efq; who in 1744 erected, inftead of it, a large handfome 
 fummer-houfe, embattled. Jt {lands at a fmall diftance north- 
 eaft from the church, is furrounded by a. deep and wide moat, 
 and afcended by a fiecp winding walk, arched over moft of the 
 way with trees, fhrubs, &c. The room is roofed by a beauti- 
 ful dome leaded, the top of which is afcended by a pair of fteps, 
 and over the embattlement the ipe&ator is prelented with a 
 beautiful profped on all fides. 
 
 This place is fuppofed to have been of fome note before the 
 Saxons were matters here. The church is built partly of 
 Roman brick; and feveral Roman foundations have been 
 difcovered in this parifh, particularly in the church and church- 
 yard. 
 
 * This Richard de Lucy was alfc Sheriff of Eflex and Hertfordshire in 
 1156, and conftituted Juttice of Engbndin 1162. The prioiy of Lei'nes 
 in Kern was of his founding, wh .n he ente ed himfelf a canon regular, 
 and died thue in 1179. 
 
 At 
 
4 3 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 At a little diftance from hence is the parifli of Greenjled, 
 wherein David Robotier, Efq; has an handfome feat, called 
 Greenfted-Hall,which isfituatedalittleway eaft from the church. 
 The church is a very uncommon antique building ; for the 
 walls are of timber, not framed, but trees fplit, or fawn afun- 
 der, and fet into the ground. 
 
 BRENTWOOD, or BURNTWOOD. 
 
 This is a poft-town, in Effex, about eighteen miles from 
 London, it is fituated pleafantly upon a hill, affords a pleafing 
 profpe£t to the inhabitants, and of late is greatly improved in 
 its buildings. As it is on the high road from London to Har- 
 wich, it is a great thoroughfare, and has fome good inns in it. 
 One of thefe, the Crown Inn, deferves to be diftinguiflied for 
 its antiquity. Mr. Simmonds, in his collections fays, he was 
 informed by the mafter, who had writings in his poflelfion to 
 prove it, that it had been an inn for three hundred years with 
 this fign; that a family named Salmon held it two hundred 
 years, and that there had been eighty-nine owners, amongft 
 which were an Earl of Oxford, and an Earl of SufTex. 
 
 Here is a good market weekly on Thurfdays, and two fairs 
 yearly for cattle and horfes, one on the 1 8th of July, and the 
 other on the 15th of Odtober. Here is a grammar-fchool, 
 which was founded in 1557, by Sir Anthony Brown ; in which 
 all boys of this parifJh, or any other parifli within three miles of 
 the fchool-houfe, are taught grammar-learning gratis. Sir An- 
 thony alfo founded five alms-houfes, for five fingle poor perfons, 
 three men and two women. 
 
 A chapel was founded at Brentwood about the year i22r, 
 which was dedicated to Thomas a Becket ; and the perquifites 
 of the chaplain chiefly arofe from travellers upon the road, and 
 fuch as came out of devotion to Saint Thomas, as that ambi- 
 tious and turbulent prieft was ftiled in an age of ignorance and 
 fuperftition. From hence it arofe, that a gate in this parifli, in 
 the way from Ongar, {till retains the name of Pilgrim's Hatch. 
 Divine fervice is now kept up in this chapejl for the conveniency 
 of the inhabitants of Brentwood, the parifli church being near 
 two miles diftance. 
 
 Brentwood ftands in the parifli of South Weald, which is 
 very extenfive, and contains fome very handfome gentlemen's 
 feats. Sir Thomas Paiker, late Lord Chief Baron of the 
 Exchequer, - but now retired from public bufinefs, has a plea- 
 fant feat here. Thomas Towers, Efq; Lord of the Manor, 
 
 has- 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 49 
 
 has alfo a very elegant feat near the church, adorned with 
 rich plantations, handfome gardens, a good park, &c. in which 
 latter is built a profpecl: houfe, in the form of a tower, em- 
 battled, affording a moft delightful view. The Hon. Captain 
 Hamilton has alfo an agreeable feat here. And on Weald Side 
 Common is a feat called Ditcbleys, the refidence of George 
 Nicholls, Efq; adjoining to which is the feat of Anthony 
 Wright, Efq. At Pilgrim Hatch is Dounfell's, the feat of 
 Francis Manby, Efq. Befides thefe, there are many very good 
 houfes, that cannot properly be called feats, but which are 
 either the refidence or retirement of families of confiderable 
 fortune. — On the London road is a bridge called Puttal's, fup- 
 ported by Thomas Towers, Efq; and at the bottom of Weald- 
 fide common is another bridge, called Wright's ; through which 
 bridges runs a rivulet, feparating Havering and Romfo d from 
 this pariah. 
 
 South Weald church ftands on an hill, from whence is a fine 
 profpecl:. It is an handfome building, confifting of two paces, 
 fupported in the middle by five pillars of the Tufcan order. 
 At the weft end there is a Itrong tower of confiderable height, 
 embattled, in which are five bells. This tower was built in 
 the beginning of King Henry the Seventh's reign. 
 
 The Saxon word Weald, fignifies Wood, and this place is 
 fuppofed to have been one of the firft inhabited parts of EfTex. 
 — By the fouth fide of Weald-hall park there is a camp, in- 
 clofing about feventeen acres; it is circular, fingle ditched, 
 and thought to have been a Roman, fummer camp, or Cajlra 
 Mxploratorum.-~-Thexe are horfe races every year on Warley- 
 common, which is at a little diftance from Brentwood. 
 
 HAVERING-AT-BOWER. 
 This place, which is about three miles frem Romford, is 
 faid to have derived its name from the following marvellous 
 ftory, which may amufe our readers, though we prefume but 
 few of them will give credit to it. We are told, that as the 
 church of Clavering, in this county, was con ecrating, and 
 was to be dedicated to Chrift and St. John the Evangehlr, 
 King Edward the Confeflbr riding that way, alighted, out 
 of devotion, to be prefent at the confecration. During the 
 proceffion, a fair old man came to the King, and begged alms 
 of him in the name of God, and St. John the Evangel ill. 
 The King having nothing elfe to give, as his almoner was* 
 not at hand, took the ring from his finger, and gavd it the 
 
 G p «or 
 
5° 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 poor man. Some years after, two Englifh pilgrims having loft 
 their way as they were travelling to the Holy Land, they faw 
 a company cloathed in white, with two lights carried before 
 them ; and behind them came a fair ancient man. The pil- 
 grims joining them, the old man enquired who they were, and 
 whence they came. After hearing their ftory, he brought 
 them into a fine city, where was a room furniftied with all man- 
 ner of dainties ; when they had well refrelhed themfelves, and 
 refled there all night, the old man fet them again in the right 
 way. A«d at parting, he told them he was John the Evan- 
 gel ill ; adding, as the Legend goes on ; <c Say ye unto Ed- 
 k ' wa;d your King, that I greet him well by the token that he 
 " gave to me this ring with his own hands at the hallowing of 
 " my church, which ring ye {hall deliver htm again. And fay 
 " ye to him, that he difpofe his goods, for within fix months 
 " he (hall be in the joy of heaven with me, where he (hall have 
 " his reward for his chaftity, and for his good living." At 
 their return home the two pilgrims waited upon the King, who 
 was then at this bower, and delivered to him the meflage, and 
 the ring, from which circumftance this place is faid to have re- 
 ceived the name of Have- ring. This relation, however ridi- 
 culous, gained fo great credit in that age, as to occafion the 
 whole ftory to be wrought in baflb relievo in the chapel at Weft* 
 minfter, where Edward the Confeflbr lies buried, on the back 
 of the fkreen that divides it from the altar. The ftatues of 
 the king and the pilgrims arc alfo over the courts of king's 
 bench and common pleas, in Weftminfter Hall ; and over the 
 gate going into Dean's-yard. His piclure was alfo on the glafs 
 of the eaft window of the fouth ifle of Romford chapel, with 
 two pilgrims, and under it, fohannes per percgrino mi/it Regis 
 Edivardo. A good picture of him is now on the glafs of the 
 chancel window of that chapel ; renewed in 1707. The ring 
 pretended to have been given by him, as above, to St. John, 
 was depofited among other reliques in his Abbev at Weftmin- 
 fter. 
 
 This was anciently a retiring place for feveral of our 
 Saxon kings : particularly of Edward the Confeflbr, who took 
 great delight in it, on account of its gloomy and folitary afpeel, 
 it being at that time woody, and therefore he thought it fuited 
 well his private devotions. This place has been very produc- 
 tive of extraordinary ftories- ; and accordingly the legend 
 lay?, it abounded fo with warbling nightingales, that they 
 siifturbed King Edward the Confeflbr in his devotions, info- 
 much 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 51 
 
 mauch that he earneftly prayed for their removal ; fince which 
 time, according to many of whe fage people of this neighbour- 
 hood, no nightingales have ever been heard to fingin the park, 
 as in other places ; hut that many were heard without the pales. 
 Near the remains of the royal houfe (lands Havering chapel, 
 dedicated to St. John the Evangelift. It is a fmall building of 
 one pace with the chancel, the whole tiled. — Befides the place 
 of Havering Bower, here was another at Pirgo, which belong- 
 ed to the Queens of England ; where they refided at their own 
 conveniency, or perhaps during their widowhood, Haveriifg be- 
 ing ufually part of the queen's jointure. — Lord Archer is owner 
 of the fine feat at Pirgo ; the houfe is an antient venerable 
 itru&ure, within a conliderable park. Here is a fmall chapel 
 belonging to this feat. 
 
 ROMFORD. 
 This town is fix miles from Brentwood, and twelve from 
 London. It is pretty large, and confifts chiefly of one ftreet, 
 near half a mile in length, at the upper part of which is held a 
 market every Tuefday for live calves 5 on each Wednefday a 
 general market, and in the winter feafun, on Mondays, a mar- 
 ket for live hogs. Here is a fair annually, upon Midfummer 
 Day, for cattle and horfes. About the middle of the town 
 {lands a good market- houfe, and a town-hall. This is a polt- 
 town, and the greateft thoroughfarejn the county. Here is a 
 chapel which ftands nearly in the center of the town, and is a 
 fpacious (tone building. In Romford -fireet near the turnpike, 
 is a charity fchool, which was erected by fubfeription in 1710. 
 It is a neat brick building, in which forty boys and twenty girl* 
 are educated. 
 
 About half a mile out of Romford, on the road leading to 
 Brentwood, ftands Geddy-Hall> the feat of Richard Ben>on, 
 Efqj formerly Governor of Fort St. George. It is a noble 
 manfion, and is furrounded by a pleafant park and beautiful 
 gardens, plentifully watered by a fine canal. 
 
 About four miles from Romford is the parifh of Cranbam, 
 wherein General Oglethorpe, famous for fettling the colony 
 of Georgia, has a feat. The houfe, which is a large antfque 
 building, is named Cranham Hall. This place is fuppofed to 
 have derived its name of Cranham from a refort of cranes 
 here, the hawking of which was an ancient fport. And if 
 we were to judge from the bills of fare into which cranes 
 came, and the price of provifions, remarked by our hiftorians, 
 
 G 2 in 
 
52 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 in.the time of King Edward I. we muft imagine the ftomachs 
 of the people of that fighting age to be of a ftrange tone. 
 For when a goofe fold for four-pence, a crane fold for twelve- 
 pence ; and King William Rufus is faid to have turned 
 off his major-domo, for felting N before him a crane half 
 roafled. 
 
 In the parilh of Dagenham, at the diftance of fifteen miles 
 from London, the late Henry Muilman, Efq; had an hand- 
 fome feat. The building is of brick, fpacious, furrounded by 
 a park, and commanding an agreeable profpect. — Dagenham 
 Breach was made here upwards of fifty years ago, by the 
 Thames, which overflowed one thoufand acres of rich land ; 
 but, after near ten years inundation, during which the works 
 were feveral times blown up, it was at laft flopped by Captain 
 Perry, who had been employed feveral years in the Czar of 
 Mufcovy's works at Veronitza ; but the expence attending this 
 amounted to more than forty thoufand pounds. 
 
 B E R K I N G. 
 
 This is the neareft market-town in the county of Effex to 
 London, from which it is only eight miles diftance, and feven 
 from Romford. The town is of conflderable extent, and 
 chiefly inhabited by nlhermen, whofe boats, called fmacks, lie 
 at the mouth of the river Thames, from whence their fifti is 
 fent up to Billingfgate. The market is held on Saturdays ; and 
 a fair is held here annually on the 2zd of October, for horfes. 
 It was to this place that King William the Conqueror retired, 
 foon after his coronation, till he had erected forts in London to 
 awe the inhabitants of that city. 
 
 At this place Erkenwald, the fourth bifhop of London, 
 founded the fecond nunnery of the Saxons in England*, in the 
 year 666. It was of the order of St. Benedict, and dedicated 
 to the Virgin Mary and St. Ethelburga, the firft abbefs, (fifter 
 to the founder) who, with her fucceflor, was canonized. It 
 flood on the north fide of the church-yard. One gate, and part 
 of the wall is ftill remaining. 
 
 The manor of Berking, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, 
 belonged to Sir William Hewett, who was Lord Mayor of 
 London in 1589, and concerning whom the following ftory 
 
 • Folkftt ne nunnery was the firft, which was founded thirty-fix years 
 before. 
 
 is 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 53 
 
 is related. Sir William lived upon London-bridge, and had 
 an infant daughter. One of his maids playing with this child 
 out of a window over the river Thames, by chance dropped 
 her in, almoft beyond expectation of being faved. A young 
 gentleman, named Edward Osborne, then apprentice to Sir 
 William, at this calamitous accident leaped in boldly, and fa- 
 ved the child. In memory of which deliverance, and in grati- 
 tude, her father afterwards beftowed her in marriage to the faid 
 Mr. Osborne, with a very great dowry. Several perfons of 
 quality courted the young lady, and particularly the Earl of 
 Shrewsbury. But Sir William Hewett faid, " Osborne laved 
 " her, and Osborne mould enjoy her." This Mr. Osborne 
 was anceftor to the prefent Duke of Leeds. 
 
 The parilh of Berking is large, and fo much improved, by- 
 lands recovered from the Thames and the river Roding, that 
 the great and fmall tithes are computed at above 600I. a year. — 
 A little beyond the town, towards Dagenham, flood a great 
 old houfe, where the gunpowder plot is faid to have been con- 
 trived. — About four miles north from Berking church, Charles 
 Raymond, Efq; who was high fheriff for the county in 17 71, 
 has a fine feat, named Valentines^ which has been termed a 
 cabinet of curiofities. The houfe is one of the neateft, and 
 beft adapted toitsnze, of any modern one in the county: its 
 ornaments are well chofen, and the grounds belonging to it laid 
 out with great judgment and tafte. — Bamber Gafcoyne, Efq; 
 has alfo a good houfe about a quarter of a mile fouth-ealt from 
 the church, named Biffrons, which commands a fine pxofpedt, 
 and behind it is a pretty park. 
 
 LITT LE ILFORD. 
 
 The village of Little Ilford is three miles from Berking ; 
 .it is but fmall, eonfifting only of one ftreet, which on Sun- 
 days many citizens of London and others refort to for an 
 airing ; and the little traffic occalioned thereby is the chief 
 fupport of its inhabitants. — Little Ilford church is fmall, but 
 neat ; and at the north-weft corner of it the Lethieuller family 
 has erected a very neat room, about fifteen feet fquare, 
 feparated from the church by an iron gate. It has a fire place, 
 and every convenience to accommodate the family when they 
 attend divine fervice. The pavement is of free-done, and 
 beneath it is the family vault. Along the north fide of this 
 room is a capital, fupported by columns of the Doric order ; 
 it is afcended by two ftepsj and between the columns is a 
 
 very 
 
A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 very neat altar-tomb of black and white marble, fupporting a 
 beautiful marble urn of various colours. This monument is in 
 memory of John Lethieuller, Efq. There are feveral other 
 monuments here to perfons of the fame family, but the only 
 one that we (hall particularly mention, is that erected to the 
 memory of Smart Lethieuller, Efq; a gentleman much diftin- 
 guifhed for his skill in antiquities : and we (hall infert the in- 
 fcription on his tomb, becaule it is remaikable for propriety and 
 elegance. It is as follows : 
 
 In memory of 
 Smart Lethieuller, Efq; 
 A Gentleman of polite Literature and elegant Tafte, 
 An Encourager of Art and ingenious Anifts, 
 
 A fludious Promoter of Literary Enquiries ; 
 A Companion, and a Friend, of learned Men ; 
 Judicioufly verfed in Science of Antiquity, 
 And richly pofltfled of the curious productions of Nature. 
 But 
 
 Who modeftly defired no other Infcription onliis 
 Tomb, than what he had made the Rule of his Life; 
 To do juftly, 
 To love Mercy, 
 And to walk humbly with God. 
 He was born Nov. 3, 1701. 
 And deceafed without iflue Aug. 27, 1760. 
 
 The moft elegant fimplieity runs through every part of this 
 place, which is fo well calculated to infpire ferious contempla- 
 tion, that few edifices of the kind are equal to it. 
 
 L E Y T O N. 
 
 This is a (haggling village by the river Lea, about fix 
 miles from London. There are feveral handfome feats in the 
 parifti, belonging to wealthy citizens and other gentlemen, 
 particularly Goring-houfe, alfo called the Foreft-houfe, which 
 is loftily fituated fronting Epping-foreft, and is the property of 
 Samuel Bofanquet, Efq. The manor -houfe of Leyton, which 
 is a fine feat, is the property of Thomas Blaydon, Efq. — 
 About a quarter of a mile north-eaft from the church Thomas 
 Oliver, Efq; has a beautiful feat, which formerly belonged 
 to Sir Fifher Tench. It is a modern ftrufture, adorned with 
 large and delightful gardens, with plantations, walks, groves, 
 mounts, and canals, flocked with fifh and fowl. The feat 
 of Henry More, Efq; near half a mile weft from the church, 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 55 
 
 is alfo very agreeably fituated. The houfe is* large and hand- 
 iome, and the gardens and decorations belonging 10 it are fuit- 
 able. 
 
 One part of this parifh is called Leyton -Jf one, which is in a 
 pleafant and healthy fituation; and the number of inhabitants 
 here being greatly increafed, a chapel of eafe has been built 
 for their convenience. It is fymewhat fingular that the parifh of 
 Walthamffow fhould have a piece of ground about fifty yards 
 wide, which runs directly in a if raight line through this parifh. 
 — Here feems to have been a Roman villa, or fome fummer 
 camp or ftation ; for between the manor-houfe and the canal, 
 where the garden now is, in digging were found old foundati- 
 ons, with a great many Roman bricks, intermixed with others, 
 and feveral medals. And in enlarging the horfe-pund, huge 
 foundations were difcovered fix feet under ground ; and a large 
 arched gate with mouldings nine or ten feet high, and five or 
 fix broad, the top of which was alfo fix feet under ground. The 
 walls were four feet thick or more. A very large urn, with 
 afhesand bones, was taken up in the church-yard in digging a 
 deep grave. Several urns, with afhes in them, have been alfo 
 found on the fouth fide of Blind-lane, near Rockholts, in dig- 
 ging for gravel. 
 
 There are feveral very handfome monuments in Leyton 
 church and church-yard. — That indefatigable antiquarian, Mr. 
 John Strype, was vicar of this parifh. The famous Sir Tho- 
 mas Roe, ambaffador to the Great Mogul, the Grand Sign'ior, 
 and leveral European princes, in the reign of King James I. 
 was born in this parifh. In this great man the accomphfh- 
 ments of the fcholar, the gentleman, and the ftatefman, were 
 eminently united. During his refidence in the Mogul's court, 
 he zealoufly promoted the trading intereft of this kingdom, for 
 which the Eaft India Company is indebted to him to this day. 
 In his embaffy to the Grand Signior, he collected many valua- 
 ble Greek and oriental manufcripts, which he prcfented to ihe 
 Bodleian library, to which he left his valuable collection oi coins. 
 The fine Alexandrian M.S. of the Greek Bible was procured 
 by his means. 
 
 W E S T - H A M. 
 This parifh, which joins to Leyton, is four miles diflant 
 from London. It includes Stratford, anciently (uthimvd Lang- 
 thorne, and is parted from Middleiex on the fouth, and from 
 St. Mary Stratford-le- Bow, by the river Lea, oyer which 
 there are five bridges in this parifh. Bow bridge, which is 
 
 one 
 
56 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 one of them, receded the name of Bow, ox arched, bridge, be- 
 caufe it was the fir ft arched ftone bridge in the county. The 
 occafion of its being built is thus related. ^ he ancient road 
 from this county to London was by Old Ford ; that is, through 
 the ford there without a bridge. But that paffage being diffi- 
 cult and dangerous, and many perfons lofing their lives, or be- 
 ing thoroughly wetted, which happened to be the cafe with 
 Maud, Queen to King Henry J. (he turned the road from Old 
 Ford, to the place where it is now, and made the caufeways, 
 and built the bridges at her own charge. And for the keeping 
 of them in repair, (he gave to the abbefs of Berking certain 
 manors, and a mill called Wiggan-mill. 
 
 The parifh of Weft Ham is divided into four wards ; name- 
 ly, Churd-ward, Stratford Langt horns, Plaijlow-ward, and 
 that of Upton. Its fituatton is not high, nor yet very low, but 
 in general healthy ; arid at the lower part of Plaiftow affords a 
 beautiful view of the river Thames, and the county of Kent 
 for many miles. — This parifli is divided from the county of 
 Kent by the river Thames. — From its vicinity to the metropo- 
 lis, and from the conveniency which it has of water-carriage, a 
 number of wealthy merchants, traders, and induftrious artifts 
 have chofen it for their refidence ; by which means of late 
 years the buildings have been much increafed ; particularly by 
 the addition of two fmall new-built hamlets, jf they may be 
 thus called, on the Foreft-fide. Thefe are Maryland-point 
 and the Gravel-pits ; one facing the road to Epping, and that 
 to Chelmsford. Maryland-point is a clufter of houfes near 
 Stratford ; the firft of them were erected by a merchant, who 
 had got a fortune in that colony, from whence they took their 
 name. — Stratford, (i. e. the Jlreet at the ford) is a very large and 
 confiderable hamlet in this parifh ; and diftinguifhed from the 
 other adjoining, Stratford at Bow, lying on the weft fide of 
 Bow-bridge, in the county of Middlefex, by the appellation 
 of Langion, or Langtborn* Plaijlow hamlet lies fouth of the 
 church, and Upton north of the fame. 
 
 About half a mile fouth-fouth-weft from the church, are 
 the remains of Stratford-abbey, once a confiderable monaftery 
 here, and part of the old gate of which is ftill (landing. This 
 monaftery was founded about the year 1134, by William 
 Montfichet, for the monks of the Ciftertion order, and dedica- 
 ted to the Virgin Mary, and All Saints. Its demefnes in this 
 parifh comprehend 1500 acres.- — Weft-ham church, which is 
 dedicated to All Staints, is large j both church and chancel 
 3 having 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 57 
 
 ■Ifc-avinf" north and Couth ifles: there are feveral monuments in 
 it, two of which are ancient. 
 
 E A S T - H A M. 
 
 The fituation of this paulh is rather low, and its foil gra- 
 velly, except in the marines. Several wealthy citizens and 
 other gentlemen re fide -in it, on which account it has feveral 
 
 good houfesinit. A tradition prevails here, that the houfe 
 
 ■called Green jireet, (late the feat of Sir Nicholas Gtr..rd, and 
 now belonging to Mrs. Whitefide) was once thi hahiiation of 
 
 an Earl of Weftrnore'and, and probably of Ludy Latimer. 
 
 Tradition lilcewife fays that Queen Anne Boleyn was confined 
 
 in a tower ftill ftanding near the faid hou'e. One of the 
 
 Hioft remarkable particulars here is, the faring called Miller's 
 Well, the water of which is efteemed to be extremely good, 
 -and has not ever been known to be frozen, or to have varied 
 \x\ its height, either in fummer or in winter. — — A part of 
 •Kent, in the pari (fe of Woolwich, lies on this fide the river, 
 and divides this parifh from the Thames. 
 
 DEPTFORD. 
 
 This is a large and populous town in th&county of Kent, 
 about four miles and an half from London. It was anciently 
 called Weft Greenwich ; and is faid to have received its pre- 
 fent name, from its having a deep ford over the little river 
 Ravenfbourn, near its influx into the Thames, where it 
 has now a bridge. It is divided into Upper and Lower Dept- 
 ford, which contain together two churches, feveral meeting- 
 houfes, and about 1900 houfes. It is moft remarkable f or its 
 noble dock, where the royal navy was formerly built and re- 
 paired, till it was found more convenient to build the larger 
 (hips at Woolwich, and other places, where there is a greater 
 depth of water; but notwithstanding this, the yard iscnlarged 
 to more than double its former dimenfions, and a vail number 
 of hands are conftantly employed. It has a wet dock of 
 two acres for (hips, and another of an acre and an half, with 
 vaft quantities of timber and other ftores, and extenfive build- 
 ings, as ftore houfes, and offices, for the ufe of the place; 
 befidefi dwelling-houfes for thofe officers who are obliged 
 to live upon the (pot, in order to fuperintcnd the works. 
 Here the royal yachts are generally kept ; and near the 
 dock is the feat of Sir John Evelyn, C»Bed Says Court, where 
 that juftly celebrated Prince, Peter tlie Great, Czar of iVluf- 
 covy, refided for forhe time ; and in this yard completed 
 
 Vol. I. H bis 
 
5* 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 his knowledge and (kill in the pra&ical part of naval archi- 
 tecture. 
 
 In this town are two hofpitals, one of which was incorpo- 
 rated by King Henry VIII. in the form of a college, for the 
 ufe of teamen, and is commonly called Trinity Houfe of Dept- 
 ford Strond : this contains twenty-one houfes, and is fituated 
 rear the church. The other, called Trinity Hofpital, has 
 thirty-eight houfes fronting the ftreet. This is a very handfome 
 edifice, and has large gardens well kept belonging to it. 
 Though this laft is the fineft ftru&ure, yet the other has the 
 preference, on account of its antiquity j and as the Brethren 
 of the Trinity hold their coporation by that houfe, they are 
 obliged, at certain times, to meet there for bufmefs. Both 
 thefe houfes are for decayed pilots, or matters of Ihips, or their 
 widows ; the men being allowed twenty (hillings, and the wo- 
 men fixteen (hillings, a month. 
 
 Trinity Houfe was founded in the year 1515, by Sir Thomas 
 Epert, Knight, commander of the great (hip Henry Grace 
 dc Dieu, and comptroller of the Navy, for the regulation of 
 (esmen, and the convenience of (hips and mariners on our 
 coaft, and incorporated, as we we before obferved, by Henry 
 VIII. who confirmed to them not only the antient rights and 
 privileges of the company of mariners of England, but their 
 feveral pofleffions at Deptford j which, together with the grants 
 of Queen Elizabeth, and King Charles II. were alio con- 
 firmed by letters patent of the firft of James II. in 1685. 
 The mafttr, wardens, affiftants, and eldef brethren of this 
 corporation, are by charter inverted with the power of exa- 
 mining the matters of his Majefty's (hips, and alfo the ma- 
 thematical children of Chrift's hofpital ; of appointing pilots 
 to conduct (hips in and out of the river Thames ; and of 
 amercing all fuch as (hall prefume to a<St as matters of (hips 
 cf war, or pilots, without their approbation. It is their bu- 
 fmefs alfo to fettle the feveral rates of pilotage, and erect, light- 
 houfes, and other fea-marks, upon the feveral coafts of the 
 kingdom, for the fecurity of navigation; to which light-houfes 
 all (hips pay one halfpenny a ton. They are likewife im- 
 powered to grant licences to poor feamen, not free of the city, 
 to row on the river Thames for their fupport, in the intervals 
 of fea-fervice, or when pad going to feaj and to prevent 
 aliens from ferving on board Englifh (hips, without their li- 
 cence, upon the penalty of 5I. for each offence. They are 
 likewife authorifed to punilh feamen for defertion, or mutiny, 
 in the merchants fervice j and to hear and determine the com- 
 plain^ 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 59 
 
 plaints of officers and Teamen in the merchants fervice j but 
 fubjecl: to an appeal to the Lords of the Admiralty, or the 
 judge of the Court of Admiralty. To this company belongs 
 the Ballaft-Office for clearing and deepening the river Thames, 
 by taking from thence a fufficient quantity of ballaft for the 
 fupply of all fhips that fail out of that river ; in which fervice 
 fixty barges, with two men in each, are conftantly employed, 
 and all ftiips that take in ballaft pay them is. a ton, for which 
 
 it is brought to the (hips fides. We have been the more 
 
 particular in enumerating the powers, and the bufinefs, of this 
 corporation, becaufe its authority and powers are of fo exten- 
 five a nature, and of fo much importance to us as a maritime 
 ftate. We fliall, therefore, further obferve, that there are 
 annually relieved by this company about 3000 poor feamen, 
 their widows, and orphans ; and this, as it is faid, at the ex- 
 pence of about 6000I. They meet frequently at their houfe 
 in Water- lane, Thames-ftreet, generally on Wtdnefdays and 
 Saturdays ; but their courts are not conftantly fixed to a fet 
 time. Their houfe in Water-lane has been twice burnt down, 
 once at the fire of London, and the laft time in the year 
 171 8. Among the curiolities preferved in the hall of this 
 building, is a flag taken from the Spaniards by the famous Sir 
 Francis Drake, whofe picture is alfo there j a large and exacl: 
 model of a fhip entirely rigged, and two large globes ; and 
 in the parlour are five large drawings, curioufly performed by 
 the pen, of feveral engagements at fea in the reign of Charles 
 the Second. 
 
 GREENWICH. 
 This town, which is chiefly famous for its fine hofpital 
 and park, is faid to contain upwards of 1300 houfes. Its 
 parifti church, which has been lately rebuilt by the commifli- 
 ners for erecYing the fifty new churches, is a very handfome 
 ftru&ure, dedicated to St. Alphage, Archbi(hop of Canter- 
 bury, who is faid to have been flain by the Danes in the year 
 1012, on the fpot where the church now ftands. There is 
 a college at the end of the town, fronting the Thames, for 
 the maintenance of twenty decayed old houfekeepers, twelve 
 out of Greenwich, and eight who are to be alternately chofen 
 from Snottilham and Caftle Rifmg in Norfolk. This is called 
 the Dukepf Norfolk's College, though it was founded, and 
 endowed, in 1613, by Henry Howard, Earl of Northampton, 
 the Duke of Norfolk's brother, and by him committ«d to the 
 care of the mercers company. There is a chapel belong- 
 
 H 2 ing 
 
6b 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 ing to this College, in which the Earl's body is laid, which* 
 as well as his monument, was removed hither a few years, 
 ago, from the chapel of Dover caftle, of which, he was con- 
 flable. In the year 1 560, Mr. John Lombard, author of the 
 Perambulation of Kent, alio built and founded an hofpital 
 here, for twenty- two pcrfons, called Queen Elizabeth's 
 College. This is faid to be the firft hofpital founded by an 
 Englifh Proteftant. There are likewife two charity-fchools 
 in this parifh, one founded by Sir William Boreman, and the 
 ©'her by John Roan. A maiket was erected in this town 
 in the year 1737, the direction of which is in the governors 
 of the Royal Hofpital, to which the profits arifing from it 
 were appropriated. The market days are ^Vednefdays and 
 Saturdays. 
 
 Greenwich has been the refidence of feveral of our Mo- 
 narchs. King Henry VIII. and the Queens Mary and Eli- 
 zabeth, were b^rn here ; and that excellent young Monarch, 
 Edward VI. died here. The palace was firft erected by Hum- 
 phry, Duke of Gloucefter, who named it Placentia. King 
 Edward IV. beftowed considerable fums of money in enlarg-r 
 ing and beautifying it, in which he was followed by King 
 Henry VII. But it was completed by Henry VIII. who of- 
 ten kept his Chriftmas, and other great feftivals, at this p'ace, 
 with magnificent joufts and tournaments : and the ground, 
 which was called the Tilt-yard, is the fpot on which the 
 Eaft wing of the Royal hofpital is built. But this palace 
 Wing afterwards fuffered to run to ruin, was pulled down 
 by King Charles II. who began another, a moft magnifi- 
 cent edifice, and lived to fee the firft wing finimed. But 
 this was afterwards converted into a part of the Royal Hofpi- 
 tal : and that which is properly the palace here now, is an 
 edifice of no great extent, and is at prefent converted into 
 apartments for the governor of the hofpital, and the ranger of 
 the park. 
 
 The park is well flocked with deer, and affords a noble 
 and delightful view of the Hofpital, the river Thames, and 
 the city of London. This park was enlarged by King 
 Charles II. who walled it round, planted it, and caufed a 
 royal obfervatory to be erected on the top of the fteep of 
 the hill. This edifice his Majefty ere&ed for the ufe of the 
 celebrated Mr. John Flamftead, and it ftill retains the name 
 of that eminent aftronomer. King Charles likewife furnifhed 
 it with mathematical inftruments for aftronomical obferya- 
 tions, and a deep dry well for obferving the liars in the day 
 
 time. 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 61 
 
 time. — This park is much reforted to in the Eafter and Whit- 
 fun holidays, by young men and women from London and the 
 neighbourhood, who divert themfelves by running down ;he 
 hills, and other rural fports. 
 
 The Royal Hofpital at Greenwich is fo magnificent a ftruc- 
 ture, that it can fcarcely be taken for any thing lefs than the 
 palace of a great monarch. Indeed, the wing which King 
 Charles the Second defigned for the Palace, is now the firft 
 wing of the hofpital towards London. For King William the 
 Third being very defirous of promoting the commerce, navi- 
 gation, and naval ftrength of this kingdom, by inviting great 
 numbers of his fubje&s to betake themfelves to the fea, gave 
 this noble palace, and , feveral other edifices* with a confiderable 
 fpot of ground, for the ufe of thofe Englifh feamen and their 
 children, who by age, wounds, and other accidents, fhould be 
 difabled from farther fervice at fea; and for the widows^and 
 children of fuch as were flain at fea, fighting againft the enemies 
 of their country. King William alfo by his letters patent, in 
 1694, appointed commiffioners for the better carrying on his 
 public- fptrited and laudable defign,in which he defired theaffift- 
 ance of his fubjedts, as the neceffities of his affairs did not per- 
 mit him to advance fo confiderable a fum towards this work as 
 he defired, and as was requifite for the purpofe. In compli- 
 ance with this requeft, many benefadions were made to this 
 noble charity, both in that and the fucceeding reigns ; which, 
 according to the tables hung up at the entrance of the hall, a- 
 mount to 58,2091. And afterwards the eftate of the Earl of 
 Derwentwater, which was forfeited by that njbleman's being 
 concerned in the rebellion in 1715, and which amounted to 
 6000I. per annum, was given by parliament to this hofpital. 
 The firft range had coft King Charles II, 36,0001. and ano- 
 ther was ordered to be built on the fame model. This has been 
 completed with equal magnificence, and the whole ftruclure 
 entirely finifhed. 
 
 The front to the Thames confifts of thefe two ranges of 
 ftone buildings, with the Governor's houfe at the back part 
 of the center, behind which the park, well planted with 
 trees, rifes with a noble afcent. Thefe buildings, between 
 which is a large area, perfectly correfpond with each other, and 
 each range is terminated by a very noble dome. In each front 
 to the Thames, two ranges of coupled Corinthian columns, 
 finely wrought, fupport their pediments, and the fame order is 
 continued in pilafters along the building. In the center of each 
 
 parr ft 
 
A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 part, between thefe ranges of Corinthian columns, is the 
 door, which is of the Doric order. The buildings which are 
 continued from thofe of which we have juft been fpeaking, 
 and which face the aiea, correfpond with them, though in a 
 more fine and elegant manner. Jn the center of both is a range 
 of columns fupporting a pediment, and at each corner a range 
 of Corinthian pilafters. The front is ruiticated, and there are 
 two feries of windows. The domes at the end, which are 
 one hundred and twenty feet high, are fupported on coupled 
 columns, as are the porticoes below ; and under one of thefe 
 is the chapel, which is adorned on the infide with the utmolt 
 elegance and beauty. On the fides of the gate which opens 
 to chefe buildings from the park, are placed a large celeftial 
 and terreftrial globe j and in the center of the area is fixed 
 on a pedeftal, a ftatue of our late excellent Monarch, King 
 George II. 
 
 The Hall of this Hofpital, which is very noble, is finely 
 painted by Sir James Thornhill. At the upper end of it are re- 
 prefented, in an alcove, the late Princefs Sophia, King George 
 I.King George II. Queen Caroline, the "Queen Dowager of 
 Prullia, Frederic, Prince of Wales, the late Duke of Cumber- 
 land, and the five Princeffes, the daughters of his late Majdty. 
 On the citling over the alcove are Queen Anne and Prince 
 George of Denmark : and on the cieling of the Hall are King 
 William and Queen Mary, with feveral fine emblematical fi- 
 gures. All ftrangers who fee this hall pay two-pence each, and 
 this income is applied to the fupport of the mathematical fchocf, 
 for the fons of iailors. 
 
 In the year 1705, an hundred difabled feamen were the firft 
 that were received into this hofpital ; but it at prefent contains 
 near two thoufand difabled feamen, and an hundred boys, the 
 fons of feamen, who are inftru&ed in navigation, and bred up 
 for the fervice of the royal navy ; but there are no out-penfi- 
 oners, x as at Chelfea. Each of the mariners has a weekly al- 
 lowance of feven loaves, weighing fixteen ounces each j three 
 pounds pf beef, two of mutton ; a pint of peafe ; a pound and 
 a quarter of cheefe ; two ounces of butter j fourteen quarts of 
 beer j and one (hilling a week tobacco money. The tobacco 
 money of the boatfwains is 2s. 6d. a week each ; that of their 
 mates is. 6d. and that of the other officers in proportion to their 
 rank. Befides which each common penfioner is completely 
 cioathed once in two years. 
 
 For the better fupport of this hofpital, every feaman in the 
 
 Roy«l 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 63 
 
 Royal Navy, and in the fervice of the merchants, pays 6d. a 
 month. This is flopped out of the pay of all failors, and de- 
 livered at the fixpenny receiver's Office on Tower- hill. And 
 therefore a feaman who can produce an authentic certificate 
 of his being difabled, and rendered unfit for the fea-fervice, by 
 defending any fhip belonging to Britifh fubjeds, or in taking 
 any ftiip from the enemy, may be admitted into this hofpital, 
 and receive the fame benefit from it, as if he had been in the 
 immediate fervice of the government. The hofpital has about 
 an hundred Governors, compofed of the Nobility, great 
 Officers of ftate, and perfons in confiderable pofts under the 
 King. 
 
 On the fouth fide of Greenwich lies Blackheath, a large 
 plain fo called from the blacknefs of its foil. It is much 
 admired for the beauty of its fituation, and its excellent air ; 
 and has been rendered memorable by being the theatre of feve- 
 ral remarkable tranfac-tions. it was here the Danifli army lay 
 a ccnfiderable time encamped in the year 1012, and it was here 
 that the famous Wat Tyler, the Kentifli rebel, muttered 100,000 
 men. Jack Cade alfo, who ttiled himfelf John Mortimer, 
 and laid claim to the crown, pretending that he was kinfman 
 to the Duke of York, encamped on this heath for a month to- 
 gether in this Jand the neighbouring coumies, in 1451. And 
 the following year King Henry VI. pitched his royal pavilion 
 here, having aflembled troops to withftand the force of his 
 coufin, Edward, Duke of York, who was afterwards King 
 Edward IV. And here againft that King did the baftard Fal- 
 conbridge likewife encamp. ft And in 1497, the Lord Audley, 
 Flemmock, an Attorney, and Jofeph the Blackfmith, en- 
 camped on this place, in the rebellion they raifed againft King 
 Henry VII. And here that politic and warlike Prince routed 
 them, killing above 20C0 on the fpot, and taking about 14000 
 prifoners.i 
 
 I" I 4 I 5> lne Lord Mayor and Aldermen of London, with 
 400 citizens in fcarlet, and with red and white hoods on, came 
 to Blackheath, where they met that victorious Prince, King 
 Henry the Vth, who had juft returned from France, after the 
 famous battle of Agincourt ; and from Blackheath they con- 
 dufted his Majefty to London. And in 1474, the Lord- 
 Mayor and Aldermen, attended by 500 citizens, alfo met 
 King Edward IV. here, on his return from France. It ap- 
 pears alfo to have been ufal formerly to meet foreign Princes, 
 
6 4 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 and other perfons of high rank, on Blackheath, on their arri- 
 val in England. On the 21ft of December, 1411, Maurice, 
 Emperor of Conftantinople, who came to folicit afliftance 
 a^ainft the Turks, was met here with great magnificence by 
 King Henry IV. And in 1416, the Emperor Sigifmund was 
 met here s>nd from hence conducted in great pomp to Lon- 
 don. In 15 18, the Lord-Admiral of France, and the Arch- 
 bifliop of Paris, both Ambaftadois from the French King, 
 with above 1200 attendants, were met here by the Admiral 
 of England, and above 500 gentlemen. And the following 
 year Cardinal Campejus, the Pope's legate, being attended 
 hither by the gentlemen of Kent, was met by the Duke of 
 Norfolk, and many Noblemen and Prelates of England; and 
 here in a tent of cloth and gold, he put on his Cardinal's 
 robes richly ermined, and from hence rode to London. And 
 here alfo King Henry VIII. met the Princefs Ann of Geves, 
 in very great ftate and pomp, and was foon after married to 
 her. 
 
 On the Eaft-fide of Blackheath {lands Morden College, erect- 
 ed for the fupport of poor decayed Merchants, by Sir John 
 Morden, Bart, a Turkey-merchant, feveral years before his 
 death, which happened in the year 1708. It confifts of a 
 large brick building, with two frnafl wings, ftrengthened at 
 the corners with florae ruttic. The principal entrance, which 
 is in the center, is decorated with Doric columns, feftoons, 
 and a pediment on the top, over which rifes a turret, with 
 a dial; and from the dome, which is fupported by fcrolls, 
 rifes a ball and fane. To this entrance there is an alcent 
 by a flight of circular fteps ; and having afcended them, 
 and palled through this part of the building, we enter an 
 inner fquare furrounded with piazzas. The chapel is neatly 
 wainfeotted, and has a coftly altar-piece ; and it has a bury- 
 ing- place adjoining, for the members of the college. The 
 founder, by his own defire, was buried in a vault under the 
 communion table of the chapel. Sir John Morden erected 
 his college at a fmall diftance from his own habitation, in a 
 place called Great Stone Field, and endowed it, after his Lady's 
 deceafe, with his whole real, copyhold, and perfonal eftate, 
 to the value of about 1300I. per annum. He placed in this 
 hofpital twelve decayed Turkey merchants in his life time ; 
 but, after his deceafe, the Lady Morden, finding that the 
 lhare allotted her by Sir John's laft will, was not fufficient for 
 her decent fupport, fomc parts of the eftate not anfwering fo 
 3 well 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. # 
 
 well as had been expected, fhe was obliged to reduce the num- 
 ber to four. But upon her death the whole eftate coming 
 to the college, the number was encreafed, and there are at 
 this time thirty -five poor gentlemen; and the number not 
 being limited, it is to be encreafed as the eftate will afford ; 
 for the building will conveniently hold forty.. The treafurer is 
 allowed 40I. a year j and the chaplain, who reads prayers twice 
 a day, and preaches twice every Sunday, had at firft. a falary of 
 30I. per annum, which the Lady Morden doubled at her 
 death. * The prefent chaplain is the Rev. "Mr. Mofes Brown, 
 author of the Sunday Thoughts, Pifcatory Eclogues, and 
 other pieces. Lady Morden was in feveral refpedts a bene- 
 fa&refs to the college, and as fhe put up her hufbands' ffatue 
 in a niche over the gate, thetruftees have put up hers in another 
 niche, adjoining to that of her hufband. The treafurer, 
 chaplain, and penfioners, are obliged to reftde in the college ; 
 and, except in cafe of ficknefs, no other perfons are to refide, 
 live, or lodge there ; but no perfon can be admitted as a 
 penlioner, who cannot make it appear that he is above fixty 
 years of age. The penfioners have each 20I. a year, and at 
 firft wore gowns, with the founders badge ; but this badge has 
 not been worn for fome years. They have a common table in 
 the hall to eat and drink together at meals ; and each has a 
 convenient apartment, with a cellar. Seven Turkey merchants 
 have the direction of this hofpital, and the nomination of the 
 perfons to be admitted into it ; to them the treafurer is ac- 
 countable, and whenever any of thefe die, the furviving trultees 
 chufe others in their ftead. 
 
 There are feveral noblemens and gentlemens feat- on 
 Blackheath ; and in particular, thofe of the Earl of Chefterfield, 
 and the Earl of Dartmouth. And not far from Morden College 
 is a noble houfe butit by Sir Gregory Page, Bart. This is a 
 very magnificent edifice, built in the modern tafte, confiding of 
 a bafement, ftate, and attic ftory. The wings contain the offices 
 and (fables, which are joined to the body of the houfe by a 
 colonade, Itftands in the midft of a park; with a large piece of 
 water before it. The back front has an Ionic portico of four 
 columns, but having no pediment does not make fo agreeable 
 a figure as might be wifhed. This is one of the fineit feats 
 in England belonging to a private gentleman ; and the 
 gardens, park, and country around, render it a moft delight- 
 ful feat : yet this fine edifice was begun, raifed, and co^ 
 vered, in the fpace of eleven months. It is adorned with 
 many capital paintings j among which are the following;; 
 Vql.L I Sampfon 
 
66 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 Sampfon and Dalilah, by Vandyke ; Juno and Ixion, by Ru- 
 bens ; Rubens and his miftrefs, by Rubens himfelf ; David and 
 Abigal, by Rubens; the woman taken in Adultery, by Paul 
 Veronefe ; Mofes and Pharaoh's daughter, by the fame ; a 
 counfellor, his wife, and daughter, by Titian) and a Venus, 
 Cupid, and fatyrs, by Nich. Pouflin. 
 
 Two fairs are held on Blackheath annually, one on the 12th 
 of May, and another on the nth of October, for bullocks, 
 horfes, and toys. 
 
 On the fouth fide of Blackheath, and weft of Sir Gregory 
 Page's park, lies the pleafjnt village of Lee ; at the eaft end 
 of which, next Lee Green, is a pleafant houfe and gardens 
 of Henry Pelham, Efq. and in the ftreet of Lee are the houfes 
 of the honourable Henry Roper and of David Papilion, Efq, 
 and offeveral other perfons of fafhion ; and on the north 
 fide of the ftreet, is an old feat of the Boone family, with 
 the remains of a grove, and a pleafant piece of water in the 
 ground adjoining. The ftrait road from London to Maid- 
 ftone is through Lee village. Between the parifh of Lee, 
 Eltham and Chiflehurft, is a hamlet called Modingham, in 
 which is a fmall feat of Lord Apfley, now lord chancellor, 
 with pleafant grounds about it ; the beauty of the whole is 
 owing to his lordfhip's improvements ; and here is alfo a very 
 old manfion which belonged to the ancient family of the 
 Stoddards. 
 
 Between the village of Lee, and the fummit of the hill, 
 next Blackheath, are the elegant gardens and pleafure grounds 
 belonging to the villa of the late Sir Samuel Fludyer, Bart, 
 now, or lately inhabited by Harry Verelft, Efq. fome time 
 governor of Bengal. The houfe is not large, but hath a 
 very handfome apartment upon the firft floor, towards the gar- 
 dens and pleafure grounds ; and the profpe&s from thefe rooms 
 to Shooter's hill, Eltham, and Lee village, and into Sir Gre- 
 gory Page's beautiful grounds and park, with the woods of 
 Greenwich park fkirting the view to the north, are mod; 
 pi&urefque and beautiful. The front of the houfe commands 
 the Dulwich hill, with Lewifham church placed in the very cen- 
 ter of the view below them. On the fummit of the hill next the 
 heath ftands the ancient church of Lee, very fmall. The church-? 
 yard is neat, and much ornamented with coftly monuments of 
 itatuary and black marble. The great aftronomer Dr, Edmund 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 67 
 
 Halley lies buried here under a plain table tomb, with an in- 
 fcription of fome length in Latin. In the church, on the north 
 of the communion table, is a ftately arched monument of ala- 
 bafter, fupported with columns of black marble of the Corin- 
 thian order. The rectory houfe, and that of Thomas Edlyne, 
 Efq; on the eminence near the church, command from every 
 fide of them very pleating views- - , the adjacent ground being high- 
 ly improved, and the near and diftant profpefls enriched with 
 feats, farm-houfes, towns and villages ; the Kentifh and Dul- 
 wich hills in the front, and Blackheath and Greenwich park 
 behind, with an extenfive view, over London and Wellmin- 
 Tfter, of the Middlefcx hills, which bound the horizon to the 
 north weft. 
 
 Shooter's Hill, which is near Blackheath, was formerly ufed 
 as a butt for archers, and was in great repute among the neigh- 
 bouring people, till King Henry the VUIth's time ; from whenc« 
 fome fay it took its name. But others tell us, though this ap- 
 pears lefs probable, that it received its name from the frequent 
 robberies that were committed here. Jt was common, it is 
 faid, for thieves to lie lurking in the woods about here, in or- 
 der to (hoot paflengers, and then rifle them. And in the Gxth 
 year of King Richard II. an order was made for enlarging the 
 high-road here, according to the ftatute of King Edward the 
 Iff. And King Henry IV. granted leave to 1 homas Chap* 
 man, to cut down and fell the wood here, that it might not be 
 an harbour for thieves ; and to lay out the money raifed there- 
 by, for the improvement of the highways. And in July, 1739, 
 a very good defign was begun to be put in execution on Shooter's 
 Hill, a number of hands being employed in cutting a new 
 road, wide enough for three carriages to pafs a-breaft, on the 
 eaftern defcent of the hill, which was formerly (0 narrow, 
 that it was impoffible for a paiTenger, if way-laid, to efcape 
 falling into a ruffian's hands, which was the caufe of many rob- 
 beries here. 
 
 King Henry VIII. and his Queen Katharine, once came in 
 very great fplendor, on a May-day, from Greenwich to Shoot- 
 er's Hill ; and here they were received by 200 archers clad all 
 in green, with one perionating Robin Hood as their captain, 
 who firft fhewed the King the (kill of his archers in fhooting, 
 and then leading the ladies into the wood, gave them a fine en- 
 tertainment of venifon and wine, in green arbours, and boothg 
 adorned with fine pageants, and all the efforts of romantic gal- 
 lantry. 
 
 1 2 Shooter's 
 
68 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 Shooter's Hill affords a moft noble and extenfive profpedf, 
 not only into almoft all parts of -this county, but into Su flex, 
 Surrey, and Efiex; and alfo of the cities of London and Weft- 
 minfter, and both up and down the river Thames, where the 
 cont nual paffage of numerous (hips, veflels, and boats of all 
 kinds, yields a mod pleafing and delightfuljappearance. A de- 
 fig n was fome time fince formed of building a town here, but 
 it feems now to be laid afide. 
 
 CHARLTON. 
 This is a pleafant and well-built village, on the north fide 
 of Blackheath. It is particularly famous for a diforderly fair 
 held in its neighbourhood on the 1 8th of O&ober, St. Luke's 
 Day ; when the mob, who wear horns on their heads, ufed to 
 take all kind of liberties, and the lewd and vulgar women 
 who attended there gave a loofe to all manner of indecency ; 
 but thefe irregularities have of late years been much reftrained. 
 This is called Horn Fair, and there are fold at it rams 
 horns, horn toys, and wares of all forts. Of this whimfical 
 fair, a vulgar tradition gives the following origin. It is faid 
 that King John, who had a palace at Eltham, in this neigh- 
 bourhood, being out a hunting near Charlton, which was then 
 a mean hamlet, was feparated from his attendants j when en- 
 tering a cottage, he found the miftrefs of it alone, who being 
 handfome, the King became enamoured of her, and as fhe 
 was not the moft modeft of her fex, he found means to debauch 
 her. But, in the mean time, her hufband came in, and 
 caught them in the facSt ; and threatening to kill them both, 
 the King Was forced to difcover himfelf, and to purchafe his 
 iafety with gold. Beildes which, he gave the hufband all the 
 land, from thence as far as the place now called Cuckold's 
 Point, and alfo beftowed on him the whole hamlet ; eftablifh- 
 ing a fair, as a condition of his holding his new demefne. in 
 which horns were both to be fold and worn. A fermon is 
 preached on the fair day in the church : which is one of the 
 hanufomeft in the county. It was beautified and repaired by 
 Sir Adam Newton, Bart, who was tutor to King James the 
 Fit ft's fon, Prince Henry : this manor being granted by this 
 monarch to that gentleman. At the entrance of the village 
 ftands the antient Manor-Houfe built by Sir Adam Newton. 
 The two laft Earls of Egmont inhabited this manfion fome 
 years ago; but it is now in the poiTeflion of Mr. Jones, who 
 mirried the heirefs of it. It is a ftately Gothic ftructure, 
 with four turrets on the top j the court before the houfe is 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 69 
 
 fpacious ; and there are two large Gothic piers to the g tes ; 
 and on the outfide of the wall is a long row of fome of the 
 oldeft cyprefs trees in England. Behind the houfe are large 
 gardens, and beyond thefe a fmall park, which joins to Wool- 
 wich common. 
 
 WOOLWICH. 
 This is a market-town in Kent, about nine miles from 
 London,, and three from Greenwich, fituated on the banks of 
 the river Thames, and wholly taken up by, and in a manner 
 raifed from, the yards and docks creeled there for the naval 
 fervice. In the reign of King Edward I. Woolwich was in 
 the poiTeflion of Gilbert de Marifco ; and he held it, as half a 
 Knight's fee, of Warren de Monchenfie, Baron of Swanf- 
 combe. But Queen Elizabeth, when the bufinefs of the navy 
 increafed, built here larger (hips than were ufually employed 
 before ; new docks and launches were erected, and places pre- 
 pared for building and repairing mips of the largeft fize ; be- 
 caufe here was a greater depth of water, and a freer channel, 
 than at Deptford. This is reckoned the mother-dock of the 
 royal navy, and is faid to have furnifhed as many £hips of war 
 as any two docks in England. 
 
 All the buildings and yards belonging to the dock, are en- 
 compafTed with an high wall, and are very fpacious and con- 
 venient, and fo prodigioufly full of all forts of ftores, of tim- 
 ber, plank, malts, pitch, tar, and other naval provifions, as 
 can hardly be conceived. Befides the building-yard, here is a 
 large rope-walk, where the biggeft cables are made for men of 
 war ; and on the Eaft, or lower part of the town, is the Gun- 
 yard, commonly called, the Warren, or the Gun Park ; where 
 there is a vaft quantity of cannon of all forts, for the fhips of 
 war, every fhip's guns a-part, heavy cannon for baiteries, and 
 mortars of all forts and fizes ; infomuch that here have been 
 laid up at one time, between feven and eight thoufand pieces of 
 ordinance, befides mortars and fhells, almoft beyond num- 
 ber. Here is alfo the houfe where the firemen and engineers 
 prepare their fire-works, and charge bombs, carcalfes, and 
 grenadoes, for the public fervice. 
 
 The town has been of late years much enlarged and beau- 
 tified, feveral fine docks, rope yards, and capacious magazines 
 added ; and the royal foundery for cannon repaired and im- 
 proved. The regiment of the royal train of artillery com- 
 monly lies here ; and is an academy for in {fruiting them 
 in the art of gunnery. The Thames is here near a mile over 
 
 at 
 
7 o 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 at hi^h water, and the water fait upon the flood ; and as the 
 channel lies itrait Eaft and Weft for about three miles, the 
 tide runs very ftrong, and the river is entirely free from (hoals 
 and fands, and has feven or eight fathom water ; fo that the 
 iargeft fhips may ride herewith fafety, even at low water. 
 The parim-church of Woolwich is one of the fifty new chur- 
 ches, and is a very handfome edifice. A weekly market is 
 kept in this town on Fridays. — There is a fortification near 
 Woolwich, on the river Ravenfbourn, the arae of which is 
 enclofed with treble ramparts and ditches, very high and deep, 
 near two miles in compafs 3 which is fuppofed to be a work of 
 the Romans. 
 
 Between Woolwich and Dartford is a village named Erith^ 
 fituated on the banks of the Thames. And on the brow of a 
 hill near this place, is a very agreeable feat, belonging to Sir 
 Sampfon [Gideon, Bart. It is called Belvedere House, 
 and commands a vaft extent of a fine country many miles be- 
 yond the Thames, which is about a mile and an half diftant. 
 This river and its navigation add greatly to the beauty of this 
 fcene, which exhibits to the eye of the fpe&ator a molt pleafing 
 and delightful landfcape. The innumerable mips employed in 
 the imrnenfe trade of London, are beheld continually failing 
 up and down the river. On the other fide are profpe&s not 
 lefs beautiful, though of another kind. The proprietor of this 
 feat has very judiciouily laid out his grounds, and made many 
 beautiful viftas. The houfe is but fmall, though an ad- 
 dition has been made of a very noble room ; this and two 
 others are finely furniflied with a valuable collection of pic- 
 tures by the greateft matters ; among which are the following: 
 a portrait of Sir John Gage, by Hans Holbein ; St. Catherine, 
 by Leonardo da Vinci ; Rembrandt painting an old woman, by 
 himfelf ; Snyders with his wife and child, by Rubens ; Boors 
 at cards, by Teniers ; the Marriage in Cana of Galilee, by 
 Paul Veroncfe j the genealogy of Chrift, by Albert Durer ; 
 Herod confulting the wife men, by Rembrandt j and Mars and 
 Venus, by Paul Veronefe. 
 
 DARTFORD. 
 This is an handfome large town, fixteen miles from London. 
 But it is more properly called Darentford, from its being fitua- 
 ted on the river Darent, which runs through it, and at a fmall 
 diftance falls into the Thames. On this river the firft paper- 
 mill in England was erected by Sir John Spilman, who ob- 
 tained 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 71 
 
 tained a patent, and 200I. a year from K. Charles J. to ena- 
 ble him to carry on that manufacture : and on this river was 
 alfo the firft mill for flitting iron bars for making wire. The 
 town is full of inns and other public houfes, on account of 
 its being a great thoroughfare to Canterbury and Dover. Here 
 is a harbour for barges, and the town is finely watered by two 
 or three good fprings. King Edward III. had a general tour- 
 nament performed here by his Nobles, and alfo here founded 
 a convent, whofe Abbefs and Nuns were, for the moft part, 
 of the nobleft families in this lcindorn ; and this convent King 
 Henry VIII. turned into a palace. King Henry VI. founded 
 an alms-houfe here for five poor decripid men. There is a 
 market here on Saturdays, which is generally well iiored with 
 corn, and other proviiions ; and much frequented by corn- 
 chandlers and meal-men. Here is alfo an annual fair on the 
 2d of Auguft for horfes and bullocks. There is a large gun- 
 powder mill here ; and it is very remarkable, that though it 
 has been blown up four times, between the years 1730 and 
 1738, yet no one ever received any perfonal damage by thefe 
 misfortunes. This town gives the title of Vifcount to the Earl 
 of Jerfey. 
 
 Crayford is a fmall town near Dartford, which obtained Its 
 name from its having anciently a ford over the river Cray, or 
 Crouch, a little above its influx into the Thames. This place 
 is famous for a battle fought near it, between the Britons and 
 Saxons, commanded by Hengift, A. D. 457, in which the Bri- 
 tons were overthrown. In the adjacent heath and fields, are 
 feveral caves, fuppofed to have been formed by the Saxons as 
 places of fecurity and fhelter for their wives, children, and ef- 
 fects, during their wars with the Britons. 
 
 There are alfo feveral villages in Kent, which take their 
 names from the fmall river Cray, on the banks of which they 
 are fituated. This ftream rifes a little to the fouth-weft of St. 
 Mary Cray, runs by that town, and palling by Paul's Cray, 
 Foot's Cray, and North Cray, runs into the Darent, near its 
 conflux with the Thames at Dartford creek, oppofite to Pur- 
 fleet. The principal of thefe places is St. MaTy Cray, about 
 which are many woods of Birch, from which the broom-mak- 
 ers in Kent-ftreet, Southwark, are fupplied. 
 
 At Foot's Cray, which is about twelve miles from London, 
 $Ar. Harene has a very fine feat, which was built by the late 
 JSouchier Cleeve, Efq; after a defign of Palladio, of the Ionic 
 
 order, 
 
72 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 order, and is very elegant. The original defign had four por- 
 ticos, three of which are filled up in order to gain more room. 
 The hall is octagonal, and has a gallery round which conveys 
 you to the bed-chambers. It is enlightened from the top, and is 
 very beautiful. The edifice is built of ftone, but the offices, 
 which are on each fide at fome diftance, are brick. The houfe 
 ftands on a rifing ground, with a gradual defcent from it till 
 you come to the water, which from the houfe appears to be a 
 fmall river gliding dong through the whole length of the 
 ground : and in that part of the water which is oppolite to the 
 hcxrfe, there is a fine cafcade conftantly flowing out of it. But 
 this water, which appears to be fuch a pretty natural ftream, 
 and which has fo pleating an effect, is in reality artificial, and 
 is brought from the river Cray, which runs juft by. When the 
 canal or cut, which is made through the ground to receive the 
 water from the river, is full, it forms the cafcade before the 
 houfe. by flowing over in that place, and the furplus water be- 
 ing inttantly buried in the ground, is again conveyed under this 
 cut or canal to the main ftream. The chief beauty of the 
 ground about the houfe confifts in its fimplicity, it being entirely 
 without ornament, and the whole of it a kind of lawn, having 
 little betides the plain turf. The fituation is pleafant, and the 
 profpeel from the houfe very good. The difpofition of the 
 100ms within the houfe appears to be very convenient, and the 
 feveral apartments are elegantly finifhed. The gallery, which 
 extends the whole length of the North front of the houfe, is a 
 very grand room, and is filled with pictures by the moft emi- 
 nent matters. 
 
 Near the road from Dartford (of which we have lately 
 Tpoken) to Gravefend, is a large common called Dartford 
 Brink, where Edward III. held a folemn tournament in the 
 year 1 33 1. The conteft between the families of York and Lan- 
 cafter began here, when Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, 
 &c. A. D. 1452, brought together on this fpot an army of ten 
 thoufand men. At prefent it is the theatre of more peaceful 
 fcenes, as appears by the booths erecled on a part of it, in 
 which the fpectators behold the great cricket-matches that are 
 played on this agreeable fpot. 
 
 About half a mile to the left of the road, between Dartford 
 and Gravefend, is the venerable church of Stone, which has in 
 it feveral ancient monuments. The manfion called Stone-caftle 
 is to the right of the road : the ancient ftru&ure is gone to 
 ruins, and a modern building erected in its place, which is 
 
 now 
 
m 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 73 
 
 now the habitation of John Talbot, Efq. Greenhithe is a 
 romantic fituation on the bank of the Thames ; on the left, are 
 a number of large pits, from which are (hipped innumerable tons 
 of chalk and lime. Beyond the eighteenth mile ftone, on the 
 left hand, is the feat of the late John Calcrafr, Efq. one of the 
 reprefentatives of the city of Rochefter. The houfe is very 
 convenient, and the gardens beautifully romantic: from a fpacious 
 and elegant room at the weft end of the houfe, as well as from 
 various pares of the gardens, the eye is entertained with views of 
 the river, and the whole EfTex more, that are perfedlly enchant- 
 ing : and upon the whole it is one of the moft delightful fpots on 
 the bank of the Thames. 
 
 The country about Greenhithe and Swanfcomb is famous for 
 being the rendezvous of the Danifti free-booters, who drew their 
 fleet into the inlet or rivulet that formerly was pretty deep 
 between the hills, on which Northfleet and Swanfcomb are 
 lituated : the latter place derives its name from a captain of thofe 
 barbarians, called Swein's camp. There remain ftill feveral 
 fmall hills caft up by thefe free-booters, and called fconces, 
 being ftations for a fmall number of men employed as centinels, 
 when the camp was here. — Swanfcomb is alfo faid to be the 
 place, where the Kentifti men, ftieltered with boughs in their 
 hands like a moving wood, furprized William the Conqueror, 
 and, throwing down their boughs, threatened battle, if they 
 had not their ancient cuftoms and franchifes ; which he 
 thereupon granted them.— There is a fair held here on JVbit- 
 Tuefday. 
 
 The afcent from this valley to Northfleet is lately made very 
 eafy, and much improved. Between the road and the Thames 
 is the feat of Thomas Chiffinch, Efq. pleafmtly fitua'ed. — The 
 village of Northfleet is on an eminence near Gravefend, and is 
 very ancient, for it is found recorded in Domefday book. The 
 church contains feveral ancient monuments. 
 
 GRAVESEND. 
 
 This town, which is twenty-two miles from London, is a 
 flourifhing and populous place ; but the ftreets are narrow, 
 and the pavement bad, Gravefend has changed its fituation 
 fince the great increafe of trade in this nation, and approached 
 nearer the river, as the chief fupport of .its inhabitants. It 
 was incorporated, together with Milton, which is at a fmall 
 diftance from hence, in the 10th year of Queen Elizabeth's 
 
 Vol. I. K reign, 
 
74 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 reign, by the name of the port-reeve, (which has been changed 
 to that of Mayor) jurats, and inhabitants of the towns of 
 Gravefend and Milton. Gravefend is fituated on the river 
 Thames, oppofite to Tilbury Fort, and is a vaft thoroughfare 
 between London and Dover. Here is feated one of the block- 
 houfes for fecuring the paffage of the Thames up to London ; 
 and this being the ufual landing place for all ftrangers and feamen, 
 occafmns a great refort of all degrees of people j for whofe ac- 
 commodation there are held here two large weekly markets, on 
 Wednefdays and Saturdays, well ftored with all forts of pro- 
 vifions. Here all outward bound fliips muft flop and come to 
 an anchor, when a fearcher of the cuftoms comes on board, and 
 looks after the feveral cockets, which contain the entries of the 
 ieveral parts of the cargo, if of divers forts ;• and this is called 
 Charing. 
 
 in the reign of King Richard II. this town was burnt and 
 plundered by the French ; who, to make reprifals upon the 
 Englifh, for the ravage and plunder made in France by the 
 Englifh army, under the Lord Nevil, came up the Thames with 
 their mips, and burnt and plundered this and feveral other towns, 
 and carried away many of the inhabitants. But to enable the* 
 town of Gravefend to recover this lofs, the Abbot of St. Mary 
 le Grace, on Tower-hill, whom King Kichard had granted a 
 manor belonging to Gravefend, obtained that the inhabitants 
 of Gravefend and Milton mould have the fole privilege 
 of carrying paffengers by water from hence to London, at 
 2d. a head, or 4s. the whole fare; but the fare is now raifed 
 to 9d. a head in the tilt boat, and is. in the wherry. The 
 former muft not take in above forty paffengers, and the latter 
 no more than ten. The watermens company are by adl: 
 of Parliament obliged to provide officers at Billingfgate and 
 at Gravefend, who at every time of high water, by night 
 and day, are at their refpe£tive places to ring publickly a bell fet 
 up for that purpofe, for fifteen minutes, to give notice to the 
 tilt-boats and wherries to put off; and coaches ply at Gravefend 
 at the landing of people from London, to carry them to 
 Rochefter. 
 
 Giavcfend being burnt down in the year 1727, the Par- 
 liament in 1731, granted 5000I. for rebuilding its church, 
 which flood near the high road, but is now nearer the river, 
 and is a new and elegant building. Here is a very hand- 
 fome charitable foundation, Mr. Henry Pinnock having in 
 1624, given twenty-one dwelling houfes, and a houfe for a 
 matter- weaver to employ the poor : and a good eftate is 
 
THE BEAtfTIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 alfo fettled for repairs. In the reign of Queen Elizabeth, 
 
 the Lord-mayor, aldermen, and companies of the city of London, 
 were ordered by her Majefty to receive all eminent ftrangers and 
 foreign ambafladors at Gravefend, in their formalities, and fo to 
 attend them up to London in their barges, if they came by water. 
 If they came by J and, they met t hem at Shooter's Hill, or on 
 Blackheath, on horfe-back. 
 
 Within a few years paft, great improvements have been made 
 itt the lands near this town, by turning them into kitchen 
 gardens, with the produce of which Gravefend not only 
 fupplies the neighbouring places For feveral miles round, but alfo 
 fends great quantities to the London markets. There are two 
 annual fairs held here, one on the 23d of April, and the other 
 on the 24th of October, for borfes, cloathes, toys, and other 
 goods. 
 
 Tilbury Fort, which is in the county -of Eflex, oppofite to 
 Gravefend, is a regular fortification, planned by Sir Martin 
 Beckman, chief engineer to Charles II. with baftions, the 
 largeft of any in England. It has a double moat ; the innermoft 
 of which is 180 feet broad, with a g;ood counterfcarp, a covered 
 way, ravelins and tenailles, and a platform, on which 106 
 cannon are placed, from 24 to 46 pounders each, befides {mailer 
 ones planted between them, and the baftions and -curtains, 
 alfo planted with guns ; and here is a high tower, called the 
 Block Houfe, which is faid to have been built in the reign 
 of Queen Elizabeth. Oji the land fide are two redoubts of 
 brick ; and there it is able to lay the whole level under water. 
 The four proconfullar ways made in Britain by the Romans 
 croiTed each other here. Great part of the land in this level, 
 which is formed oif thofe unhealthy marfhes, called the Three 
 Hundreds , is held by the farmers, cowkeepers, and grazing 
 butchers of London, who generally Itock them with Lincoln- 
 shire and Leicefterfhire weathers, which they buy in Smiths 
 field, in. September and October, and feed them here till Chrift- 
 mas or Candlemas j and this is what the butchers call righ£ 
 Marfh mutton. 
 
 BROMLEY. 
 
 This is a fmall town, fituated on the river Ravenfbourn, 
 in Kent, at the distance of ten miles from London. The 
 Bifhop of Rochefter has a palace here. King Edgar is faid 
 .to have given this manor to the Bifhops of that fee in the 
 
 K 2 year 
 
7 6 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 year 955. Here is an Hofpital ere&ec' by Dr. Warner, Bifhop 
 of Rochefter, in the reign of King Gharles II. for twenty 
 poor Clergymen's widows, with an allowance of 20I. a year 
 each, and 50I. a year to the chaplain. There is a mineral 
 fpring here, the water of which has been found, by a chemical 
 analyhs, to contain the fame qualities as the Tunbridge water, 
 in a greater degree. A market is kept here every Thurlday, 
 and two annual fairs, one on the 3d of February, and the 
 other on the 5th of Auguft, for hoifes, bullocks, fheep, and 
 hogs. 
 
 Chefilhurft) or Chijlehurjl, which is about three miles from 
 Bromley, is famous for being the retirement of our celebra- 
 ted Camden, who refided here for fevera] years, and here com- 
 pofed the greateft part of the Annals of the reign of Queen 
 Elizabeth. He died here in 1623, but his body was carried 
 to London, and buried in Weftminfter-abbey. At this 
 place alfo that great ftatefman. Sir Francis Walfingham, was 
 born. 
 
 E L T H A M. 
 
 This is a pleafant town, feven miles from London, in the 
 midway between Bromley and the Thames. It is full of good 
 houfes, and fome families of rich citizens inhabit here. There 
 was formerly a royal palace here, which fome fay was built by 
 Anthony Beck, Bifhop of Durham, who beitowed it upon 
 Queen Eleanor, the wife of Edward I. but others fay there was 
 formerly a royal palace here before that time. However, King 
 Edward II. conftantly refided in this palace, and his fon being 
 born here, was on that account called John Eltham. The palace 
 here was much enlarged by the fucceeding Kings, who 
 when the court was kept at Greenwich, often retired hither. 
 There are, however, no traces of the palace now remaining," 
 Here are two charity fchools. The feat of Sir John Shaw is at 
 a fmall diftance from Eltham. 
 
 L E W I S H A M. 
 
 This is a pleafant village upon the Tunbridge road, near 
 three miles from Eltham, and fouth weft of Blackheath; and 
 a little beyond the five mile ftone upon that road, on the eaft 
 of the village, lie the pleafant gardens of Mr. Blackwel, 
 banker : they take in the valley, and the hill above it, to 
 which the afcent is through a beautiful fhrubbery ; and from 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 77 
 
 the fumcnit of the hill you command a very rich profpecl: on 
 all fides, with the public Tunbridge road at a quarter of a mile 
 diftance in the bottom. Upon the declivity of Blackheath, next 
 Lewifham, is the free fchool, for the benefit of feveral parifhes 
 in the hundred of Blackheath. It is fituated upon a very healthy 
 fpot. It is now, and hath long fince been a confiderable board- 
 ing fchool, preferving at the fame time the original institution. 
 It was founded in the laft century by Abraham Colfe, vicar of 
 Lewifham, who bequeathed other charities to the parifh of 
 Lewifham. 
 
 D U L W I C H. 
 
 This is a very pleafant village in Surry, on the borders of 
 Kent, five miles from London, in which and about the neigh- 
 bourhood are many very agreeable country houfes. Here arc 
 fome very fine profpe&s, efpecially near the houfe of entertain- 
 ment called the Green Man. In particular, the fine walk op- 
 pofite to this houfe, where from under a tree diftinguifhed by 
 the name of the Oak of Honour •, you have a view as in a fine 
 piece of painting, of the houfes as well as churches, and other 
 public edifices, from Putney Down to Chelfea, with all the 
 adjacent villages, together with Weftminfter, London, Dept- 
 ford, and Greenwich, and over the metropolis, as far as High- 
 gate and Hampftead. 
 
 Dulwich is noted for the medicinal waters in its neighbour- 
 hood, called Sydenham Wells ; but more particularly for its college. 
 This was founded and endowed in 161 9, by Mr. William 
 Alleyn, who named it, The college of God's gift. This gentle- 
 man was a comedian, and a principal a&or in many of Shake- 
 fpeare's plays ; and the caufe which induced him to found this 
 college is faid to have been the following. He was once perfon- 
 ating the devil, in fome theatrical exhibition ; and on this occa- 
 fion, we are told, he was fo much terrified, at the opinion 
 of his feeing a real devil upon the ftage, that he from that mo- 
 ment quitted the theatre, devoted the remainder of his life to 
 religious exercifes, and formed the refolution of founding this col- 
 lege. But the whole of this tale appears to be without foundation; 
 and there is great reafon to believe, that Mr. Alleyn was 
 induced to the erection of this charitable foundation by much 
 better and more rational motives. However, this college 
 was founded for a matter and warden, who were always to be 
 
A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 of the name of Alley n, or Allen; with four fellows, three of 
 whom were to be divines, and the fourth an organift j and for 
 fix poor men, as many poor women, and twelve poor boys, to 
 be educated in the college by one of the fellows as fchool- 
 mafter, and by another as ufher. In this original endowment^ 
 he excluded all future benefactions to it, and conftituted for 
 vifitors the church-wardens of St. Giles's, Cripplegate, St. 
 Saviour's, Southwark, and St. Botolph, Bifhopfgate ; who, upon 
 any difagreement among them, were to appeal to the archbifhop 
 of Canterbury, before whom all the members were to be fworn 
 at their admiflion. To this college belongs a chapel, in which 
 the founder himfelf, who was feveral years mafter, lies buried. 
 The mafter of this college is lord of the manor, for a confiderabe 
 extent of ground, and enjoys all the affluence and eafe of the' 
 Prior of a monaftery. Both he and the Warden, muft be 
 unmarried, and are for ever debarred the privilege of en- 
 tering that ftate, on pain of being excluded the college; 
 but as the Warden always fucceeds upon the death of the 
 Mafter, great intereft is conftantly made, by the unmar- 
 ried men of the name of Allen, to obtain the poft of 
 Warden. 
 
 The original edifice is in the old tafte ; but part of it has been 
 lately pulled down, and rebuilt with greater elegance, out of 
 what has been faved from the produce of the eftate. The 
 Matter's rooms are richly adorned with very noble oid furniture, 
 which he is obliged to purchafe on his entering into that ftation ; 
 and for his ufe there is a library, to which every Mafter generally 
 adds a number of books. The college is alfo accommodated with 
 a very pleafant garden, adorned with walks, and a great profufion 
 of fruit trees and flowers. 
 
 It appears that Mr. Alleyn, the founder of this college, 
 was one of the beft actors of the age in which he lived ; and 
 is celebrated by Ben Jonfon as fuperior to the ancient Rofcius, 
 He was mafter of the Fortune play-houfe near Whitecrofs- 
 ftreet, in London, which was erected by himfelf. He is 
 faid to have been diftinguifhed by his moral qualifies as a 
 . man, as well as by his abilities in his profeffion. Befides 
 being a player himfelf, and mafter of a play-houfe, he was. 
 alfo keeper of the King's wild beafts, or mafter of the royal 
 bear garden. But after the erection of this college, it is ob- 
 ferved by an old writer, that « this famous man w as fo e - 
 *' qually mingled with humility and charity, that he became 
 
 *« his 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 79. 
 
 " his own penfioner ; humbly fubmitting himfelf to that pro- 
 " portion of diet and cloathes, which he had bellowed on 
 «« others." 
 
 There is a fair held at Dulwich on the 25th and 26th 
 of May for toys. — Not far from hence is Norwood, which ufed 
 to be noted for the refidence cf certain gypfies here, to whom 
 many credulous perfons reforted for the purpofe of having their 
 fortunes told. 
 
 Stretbam is a village in this neighbourhood, at the diftance 
 of fix miles fouth weft of London, and three miles to the 
 north of Croydon, which ufed to be much frequented for 
 its medicinal waters. It has a chatity-fchool, and a feat 
 belonging to the Duke of Bedford, who is Lord of the 
 manor. 
 
 CROYDON. 
 
 This is a large and populous town in Surry, fituated on the 
 edge of Banfted Downs, ten miles aud a half from London. 
 'Tis faid there was once a royal palace in this place, which was 
 given with the manor to the Archbiftiops of Canterbury, who 
 converted it into a palace for themfelvesj but is now much de- 
 cayed. Archbifhop Whitgift founded an hofpital here, which he 
 endowed with farms for the fupport of a warden, and twenty- 
 eight men and women, decayed houfe keepers of Croyden and 
 Lambeth, with a fchool for ten boys, and as many girls, with 
 20I. a year, and a houfe for the mafter, who muft be a clergy- 
 man. The church, which is efteemed the fineft and largeft in 
 the county, has feveral ftately monuments, particularly one for 
 Archbifhop Grindall, another for Archbifhop Sheldon, and ano- 
 ther for Francis Tyrell, a grocer in London, who generoufly 
 gave 200I. to build the market houfe. Here is a great corn 
 market on Saturdays, chiefly for oats and oatmeal for the fervice 
 of London ; and the arijacent hills being well covered with 
 wood, great quantifies of charcoal are made and fent to 
 this city. — Croydon has two fairs, held on the 5th of July, 
 and the id of October, for horfes, bullocks, deep, and 
 toys. 
 
 Beddington, which is at a little diftance from Croydon, 
 \ is the feat and manor of the ancient family of the Carews. 
 It is a noble edifice ; but the wings are too deep for the body 
 of the houfe ; for they fhould either have been placed at a 
 
 greater 
 
8o 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 greater diftance, or not have been fo long. The cou rt before 
 them is fine, as is the canal in the park, which lies before 
 this court, and has a river running through it. All the flat part 
 of the park is taken up with very fine gardens, which extend 
 in villas two or three miles. It is faid that the orange-trees, 
 which formerly grew here in the open air, have been killed by 
 too great care to preferve them. They had originally only 
 moving houfes, to ftielter them in winter, from the feverity 
 of the weather; but fome years ago, the owner was at the 
 expence of erecting a fine green-houfe, with fafhes in front, 
 fince which time the trees began to decay, though they flood 
 here in the open ground above an hundred years, and annually 
 produced great quantities of fruit. The pleafure houfe, which 
 was built by Sir Francis Carew, has the famous Spanifh 
 Armada painted on the top of it, and under it is a cold bath. 
 The church is a beautiful fmall Gothic pile, built of ftone, in the 
 north and fouth ifles of which are feveral flails after the manner 
 of cathedrals : and here is alfo two charity fchools, one for boys, 
 and the other for girls. 
 
 Carjhalton^ which is on the fouth-weft fide of Croydon, near 
 Banfled-downs, lies among innumerable fprings which all together 
 form a river in the very flreet of the town, and joining other 
 fprings that flow from Croydon and Beddington, form one ftream 
 called the Wandell. Though this village is fituated among 
 fprings, it is built upon firm chalk, and one of the moft beauti- 
 ful fpots on that fide of London, on which account it has many 
 fine houfes belonging to the citizens of London, fome of them 
 built with fuch grandeur and expence, that they might be rather 
 taken for feats of the nobility, than the country houfes of 
 citizens and merchants. Mr. Scawen intended to build a mag- 
 nificent houfe here in a fine park which is walled round, and 
 vaft quantities of ftone and other materials were collected by 
 him for this purpofe ; but the defign was never carried into exe- 
 cution. Here alfo Dr. RatclifF built a very fine houfe, which 
 afterwards belonged to Sir John Fellows, who added gardens 
 and curious water works. It is at length pafled into the pofleflion 
 of the Lord Hardwicke, who fold it to the late William 
 Mitchell, Efq. In levelling thcroad near this place, to make an 
 avenue to a gentleman's feat, a large quantity of human bones 
 was found. 
 
 Woodcote, 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 81 
 
 Woodcote y or Wcodcote-warren y which is three miles fouth- 
 weft of Croydon, is thought to have been anciently a city. 
 Dr. Gale, who narrowly examined it, tells us, that there are 
 found much rubbifh of buildings, the foundations of houfes, 
 plain marks of ftreets and lanes, fquared ftones, many wells, 
 at fmall diftances from each other, befides other marks of an- 
 tiquity. Camden takes this to have been the Noviomagus ot 
 Ptolemy ; becaufe it agrees exadly with the diftances from Lon- 
 don and other places. 
 
 BLECHINGLEY. 
 This is a fmall antient parliamentary borough by prefcrip- 
 tion, having had that privilege ever fince parliaments had a be- 
 ing ; yet has no market, but has fairs on June ji, and No- 
 vember 2. It is twenty miles from London. The town ftands 
 on a hill, on the fide of Holmfdale, with a fine profpe£t as 
 far as the South Downs and Suflex. Here is an alms-houfe 
 and a free-fchool. It has an handfome church, which had a 
 fpire, but in 1608 was confumed by lightning, and all the bells 
 melted. 
 
 Godjione, which is a village two miles north-eaft of B!e- 
 chingley, is famous for its quarries of excellent ftone. A part 
 of this village lies in the road leading to Eaft-Grinftead j but 
 the other part, as well as the church, ftands upon an eminence 
 at a confiderable diftance. 
 
 Tandridge, which is a village three miles eaft of Ble- 
 chingley, was once fo confiderable as to give name to the hun- 
 dred in which it ftands, and had a priory of black canons, of 
 the order of St. Auguftine, founded by Odo de Dammartin, in 
 the reign of King Richard I. It was appointed for three priefts, 
 and for the fupport and maintenance of the fick and poor, and 
 the hofpitable entertainment of travellers. 
 
 G A T T O N. 
 This place is eighteen miles from London, and was for- 
 merly a confiderable town, but it has at prefent no market, 
 though it fends two members to parliament. It is a very 
 ancient place, and fome are of opinion that it was a Roman 
 ftation, from the coins and other antiquities that have been 
 difcovered here: and where the manor- houfe ftands, it is faid 
 there was once a caftle. The river Mole rifes in this parifh, 
 which is alfo noted for a quarry of white free ftone, which 
 
 L is 
 
A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 is foft, and endures the fire admirably well in winter, but nei- 
 ther fun nor air. 'Tis much ufed by chymifts, bakers, and 
 
 glufs houfes, 
 
 B A N S T E D. 
 
 This is a village noted for abundance of walnut trees, but 
 more for its neighbouring Downs, one of the tnoft delightful 
 fpots in England. It is particularly rendered fo by (he agree- 
 able (eats around it} and by its fine carpet- ground, covered 
 with fliort herbage, perfumed with thyme and juniper, which 
 makes the mutton of this tracT:, though fmall, remarkably 
 fweet. There is here a fine profpe& of feveral counties on both 
 fides the Thames, including a view of the Royal Palaces of 
 Windfor, Hampton Court, and alfo of London, from the 
 Tower to Weftminfter, it bein^ a trail of no lefs than thirty 
 milts, extending from Croydon to Farnham, though under difU 
 ferent appellations. There is a four mile courfe here* which,, 
 in the feafon of horfe races, is much frequented, as all Banfted 
 Downs are, throughout the whole fummer, for their whole- 
 fbme air. 
 
 EPSOM. 
 This is a well-built and handfome town in Surrey, fixteen 
 miles from London. It abounds with many genteel houfes* 
 which are principally the retreats of the merchants and citizens 
 of London. It is extremely plea.fant, and lies open to Ban- 
 fted Downs. Its mineral waters, which come from a fpring 
 near Afhted, were difcovered in 1618, and foon became ex- 
 tremely famous ; but though they are not impaired in virtue* 
 they are far from, being in the fame repute as formerly ; how- 
 ever, the fait made of them is valued all, over Europe. It has. 
 been obferved, that there are here fo many fields, meadows, or- 
 chards, and gardens, that a ftranger would be at a lofs to know 
 whether this was a town in a wood,, or a wood in a town. A 
 fair is held here on. the 5th of Auguft, for toys. — In H ud few's - 
 lane here was Epfcm-court, that ancient Saxon fear,, long fuiea 
 converted into a farm. • 
 
 Adjoining to Epfom is Durdans^ a fine feat belonging to 
 
 the Earl of Guilford. About two miles from Epfom is 
 
 a village named Ewell r near which a magnificent palace was 
 erected by King Henry the Eighth, that obtained the oame 
 of Nonfuch from its unparalleled beauty. The learned Hent- 
 zer, a German, who wrote his Itinerarium in the reign of 
 Queen Elizabeth, fpeaking of this palace, lays, it was built 
 
 with 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 83 
 
 with an excefs of magnificence and elegance, even to often- 
 tation. " One would imagine, fays he, that every thing in 
 the power of architecture to perform, was employed in this 
 work •, there are every where fo many ftatues that feem to 
 breathe fo many miracles of confummate art, fo many cafts 
 that rival even the perfection of Roman antiquity, that it may 
 well claim and juftify its name of Nonfuch. The palace is fo 
 encompafted with parks, with deer, with delightful gardens, 
 groves, and walks lb embrowned by trees, that it feems to 
 be a place pitched upon by Fleafure herfelf, to dwell in along 
 with Health, In the pleafure gardens, are many columns and 
 pyramids of marble, and two fountains vvf. ch fpout water : 
 one has a pyramid, upon which are perched Tmall birds (hat 
 ftream water out of their bills. In the grove of Diana is the 
 other fountain, where A&eon is reprefented ferried into a flag, 
 as he was fprinkled by the Goddefs and her nymphs. There 
 is, beftdesj another marble pyramid, filled with donee .hd pipes, 
 which fpunkle all that come within their reach." SiicTi is t he 
 defcription which Hentzer gave of this palace and gart/ert4 ; 
 but the palace was afterwards ftiffcred to fall to decay ; and 
 King Charles the Second giving it to oneof his miftrefles, the 
 Duchefsof Cleveland, flic pulled it down and fold ihe fh tie- 
 rials, with which a new houfe was built by the E^rl of Berke- 
 ley, and which afterwards came into poffeflion of the Earl of 
 Guilford, and was named Duidans, of which we have julfc 
 made mention* 
 
 Mitcbam-, which is nine miles from London, is a Well- in- 
 habited village, much frequented by the citizens of Lon- 
 don. Here is a fair on the 12th of Augufi, for cattle 
 and toys. — At a little diftance from rjence arc two villages of 
 the name of Toictivg, fituated near each other, and difthguifli- 
 edby the epithets Upper and Lower. Upper 'Towting ffarius in 
 the road from Southwark to Epf">m, and has an alins-houfe, 
 founded in 1709, by the mother of Sir J ohn Bateman, Lord 
 Mayor of London, for ux poor alms- women, to be nomina- 
 ted by the heir of the family. This village is adorned with fe- 
 veral fine feats belonging to gentlemen and citizens of London. 
 Lower Towting is a mile and a half to the fouth-eaft of the 
 former. 
 
 Martin, a village about a mile fouth-wetf of Towting, 
 is a place of great antiquity ; for here Kenulph, one of the 
 Weft Saxon Kings, was flain in the houfe of hi-, favourite; 
 miilrefs. Here was a magnificent abbey, founded by King 
 
 L 2 Henrv 
 
A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 Henry the Firft, for canons of the order of St. Auguftine, and 
 dedicated to the Virgin Mary. The prior of this abbey fat in 
 the Houfe of Lords, and the abbey itfelf was endowed with 
 great privileges, and very confiderable revenues. 
 
 PECKHAM. 
 
 This is a pleafant village in Surrey, in the parifh of Cam- 
 berwell. Here is the feat of the late Lord Trevor, built in the 
 reign of King James the Second, by Sir Thomas Bond, who 
 being deeply engaged in the pernicious fchemes of that arbitrary 
 and imprudent prince, was obliged to leave the kingdom with 
 him, when the houfe was plundered by the populace, and be- 
 came forfeited to the Crown. The front of the houfe ftands 
 to the north, with a fpacious garden before it, from which ex- 
 tends two rows of large elms, of confiderable length, through 
 which the Tower of London terminates the profpect. But on 
 each fide of this avenue you have a view of London ; and the 
 malts of veflels appearing at high water, over the trees and 
 houfes up to Greenwich, greatly improve the profpecvt. The 
 village of Peckham, which lies on the back fide of the gar- 
 dens, is fhut out from the view by plantations. The kitchen 
 garden and the walls were planted with the choiceft fruit trees 
 from France, and an experienced gardener was fent for from 
 Paris to have the management of them ; fo that the collection 
 of fruit trees in this garden has been accounted one of the beft 
 in England. After the death of the late Lord Trevor, this 
 
 feat was purchafed by a private gentleman. There are alfo 
 
 at Peckham feveral ether villas, and neat houfes of retirement, 
 inhabited by the tradefmen of London, and thofe who have re- 
 tired from bufinefs. It principally confifts of one long ftreet, 
 and has a DifTenting meeting-houfe. Here is a fair on the 2 ift 
 of Auguft for toys. — Peckham Ryels a village on the fouth fide 
 of Peckham. 
 
 Camberwell is a pleafant village, fituated about a mile to the 
 northward of Peckham, and two miles from Southwark, in 
 the road to Croydon. It has feveral pretty houfes belonging 
 chiefly to tradefmen of London, and a fair on the 18th of Au- 
 guft for toys. 
 
 Clapham is a very agreeable village, three miles from Lon- 
 don, and contains many pleafant houfes. There is a fmall fair 
 held here on the 27th of Auguft. — On an hill near the road 
 fide ftands the church, and there is an handfome fchool-houfe 
 built by the parifh, for teaching the children of the poor of the 
 village. 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 8s 
 
 Kennington is a village near Lambeth, and is one of the eight 
 precin&s of that par fh. Near it is Kennington Common, a 
 fmall fpot of ground on the fide of the road to Camberwell, 
 and about a mile and an half from London. Upon this fpot is 
 the gallows for the county of Surrey. 
 
 LAMBETH. 
 
 This is a village in Surrey, fituated on the Thames, between 
 Southwark and Batterfea. It is particularly famous for its con- 
 taining, for feveral ages, the palace of the Archbifhop of Can- 
 terbury. This ftrudture was originally formed by Baldwin, 
 Archbifhop of that fee, in the year 1188 ; who firft intended 
 to haveraifed a fuperb ftruc~tureat Hackington, near this place; 
 but the Monks, with whom he was at variance, obtained the 
 Pope's mandate againft it ; when, taking down what he had 
 erected, he removed the beft of the materials to Lambeth, 
 with which he built the palace, a college, and church, having 
 before purchafed the ground of the Bifhop and Convent of Ro- 
 chefter, by a fair exchange. 
 
 In the year 1250, Boniface, Archbifhop of Canterbury, ha- 
 ving, by his arrogance, rendered himfelf hateful to the citizens 
 of London, retired, for the fecurity of his perf>n, to this pa- 
 lace; and rinding it in a ruinous condition, within the fpace of 
 three years rebuilt the whole north fide, the archicpifcopal 
 apartments, the library and cloyfters, the guard chamber, the 
 chapel, and Lollards tower. 
 
 From that time this palace became the refidence of the great- 
 eft, perfons of the church, and was foon enlarged by many ad- 
 ditional buildings ; Cardinal Pole built the gate, which, for 
 that time, is a noble ftru&ure. The Lollards tower, which is 
 thus named from a room in it prepared for the imprisonment of 
 the followers of Wickliff, the firft Engl ifh reformer, who were 
 called Lollards, was fmilhed by Chichely, and remains a lading 
 memorial of his cruelty, and anti-chriltian fpi; it It is a fmall 
 room, twelve feet broad and nine long, planked with elm, and 
 there ftill remain eight rings and ftapies, to which pious men 
 were chained, for prefumiogto differ in opinion from that pre- 
 late. The fpacious hall was erect-d by Juxon, and the btick 
 edifice between the gate ;md this hall was begun by Archbifhop 
 Sancroft, and finiflied by the immortal Tillotfon. 
 
 From the prefent ftructuie being thus eretted at different 
 periods, it is not at all furprihng that it has but little ap- 
 pearance of uniformity j but the edifice, though old, is in moil 
 
 parts 
 
86 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 parts ftrong; the corners are faced with ruftic, and the top 
 furrounded with battlements ; but the principal apartments are 
 well proportioned, and well enlightened: the Gothic work 
 about it is irregularly difpofed, and it is in itfelf irregular. 
 Some of the inner rooms are too clofe and confined ; but there 
 are many others open and pleafant in themfelves, with the ad- 
 vantage of being convenient, and of affording very agreeable 
 profpects. For as this palace is fituated on the banks of the 
 Thames, it affords a fine view up and down the river, and from 
 the higher apartments, a profpect of the country way. — The 
 palace, with the rows of trees before it, and the church of 
 Lambeth adjoining, when viewed from the Thames, make a 
 very pretty picturefque appearance. 
 
 In this palace is a very fine library founded in the year 1610, 
 by Archbifhop Sancroft, who left by will all his bocks for the 
 ufe of his fuccelTors in the archiepifcopal fee of Canter- 
 bury. This library has been greatly increafed by the benefacti- 
 ons of the Archbimops Abbot, Sheldon, and Tennifon, and 
 confiftsof 617 volumes of manufcript, and above 14500 print- 
 ed books. 
 
 The chutch, which (lands by the palace, is a very antique 
 ftructure, dedicated to St. Mary. It has a fquare tower, and 
 both that and the body of the church, are crowned with bat- 
 tlements. In this parifh are eight precincts, denominated the 
 Archbifhop's, the Prince's, Vauxhall, Kennington, the Marfli, 
 the Wall, Stockwell, and the Dean's precinct. — It is remarka- 
 ble, that at Lambeth Wall is a fpot of ground, containing an 
 acre and nineteen poles, named Pedlar's acre, which has be- 
 longed to the parifh from time immemorial, and is faid to 
 have been given by a pedlar, upon condition that his picture, 
 •with that of his dog, be perpetually preferved in painted 
 glafs in one of the windows of the church, which the pariihio- 
 ners cauftd to be performed in the fouth-eaft window of the mid- 
 dle ifle. 
 
 This is a very large parifh, and contains many hundred 
 houfes. There is a fchool here, which was founded by Rich- 
 ard Laurence, citizen and merchant of London, in the year 
 3661, for educating twenty poor children of the Marfli and 
 Wall liberties of this parifh, for which purpofe he endowed it 
 with 35I. per ann. And by the road fide, from Vauxhall to 
 Kingston, is an alms-houfe for feven poor women, built in 
 16 1 8 by Caron the Dutch Ambafiador, who refided in Eng- 
 land. 28 years. 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLffNTT. 87 
 
 In the Marfti and St. George's Fields, ditches were made 
 when London was befieged by the Danifh King Canute, who 
 turned the courfe of the Thames from about the King's barge- 
 houfe to a place beyond the bridge ; and it was here that Prince 
 died in his cups. 
 
 Vauxhall is one of the eight precindte of the parifh of 
 Lambeth ; but is particularly famous for the pfeafantnefs of the 
 gardens, which have been for many years converted into a place 
 of elegant entertainment, during the fpring and fummer fea- 
 fons. I hey were the beft of the kind perhaps in the v/orld : 
 in the midft of the garden is a fupetb orcheftra, containing a 
 fine organ, and a band of mufic, with fome of the beft voices, 
 and the feats or boxes are difpafed to the /beft advantage with re- 
 fpecl to hearing the mufic. In moft of the boxes are pi^ures 
 painted from the defigns of Mr. Hayman, on fubje&s admirably 
 adapted to the place. But there are in the grand pavilion four 
 pictures of his own hand, from the hiftorical plays of Shake- 
 fpeare, that are univerfaily admired for the deffgn, colouring, 
 and expreffion. And in the ball- room there are fome very fine 
 hiftorical pieces by Mr, Hayman, chiefly relating to the fuc- 
 cefles of the late war. The trees in thefe gardens are fcattered 
 hqre with a pleafing confufion. At fome diftance are fever;:l 
 noble viftas of very tall trees, where the fpaces between eacn 
 are filled up with neat hedges, and on the infide are planted 
 flowers and fweet fmelling fhrubs. Some of thefe viftas termi- 
 nate in a view of ruins, and others in a profpeft of the adjacent 
 country, and fome are adorned with the painted representation 
 of triumphal arches. -There are here alio feveraj, ftatues, and 
 in particular a good one in marble by Mr. Roubiliac, of the 
 late Mr. Handel, playing on a lyie in the character of Orpheus. 
 As Ranelagh has its rotunda, fo here alio is a rotund and ball 
 room, finely illuminated, in which is an orcheftra with an or- 
 gan,, where, if the weather proves rainy, the company may be 
 fafely fheltered and entertained. Some of the principal walks 
 have alfa lately been covered in a very elegant manner. And 
 when it. grows dark the garden near the orcheftra is illumina- 
 ted, almoft in an inftant, with about 1500 glals lamps, which 
 glitter among the trees, and render it exceeding light and brilli- 
 ant: and foon after a very extraordinary piece of m. c iinery h.ts 
 of late been exhibited, on the infide of one of the hedges ne.tr 
 the entrance into the viftas: by removing a curtain is fhewn a 
 very fine landfcape illuminated by concealed lights ; in which, 
 
 the 
 
i 
 
 88 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 the principal objects that ftrike the eyes are the cafcade or wa- 
 terfall, and a miller's houfe. The exact appearance of water 
 is feen flowing down a declivity, and turning the wheel of the 
 mill: itrifesup in foam at the bottom, and then glides away. 
 This moving picture, attended with the noife of the water, has 
 a very pleahng and furprifing effect both on the eye and ear. 
 Every thing is provided in thefe gardens in the moft elegant 
 manner, for fuch company as chufe to ftay and fup here. 
 
 NEWINGTON BUTTS. 
 
 This is a village extending from the end of Blackman-ftreet, 
 to Kennington Common, and is faid to have received the name 
 of Butts, from the exercife of (hooting at Butts, much prac- 
 tifed both here and in moft other parts of England, in the reign 
 of Henry VIII. to fit men to ferve in the army as archers. 
 The Drapers and Fifhmongers company have alms-houfes here. 
 In the church-yard an handfome monument has lately been 
 erected to the memory of Mr. Allen, a young man who was 
 murdered in St. George's Fields by fome of the foot-guards, 
 when they were wantonly fent out to inflicvt military execution 
 on an unarmed mob, at the time that Mr. Wilkes was con- 
 fined in the King's Bench Prifon. Several other perfons were 
 infamoufly butchered at the fame time, under the pretence of 
 fupprefling a riot; for the Miniftry rather chofe to endeavour to 
 intimidate the people, by thefe violent methods, and thereby 
 bring them to a tame fubmiffion to every arbitrary meafure, 
 than to regulate their own conduct by the principles of law, 
 and of the conftitution. 
 
 BATTERSEA. 
 
 This is a village in Surrey, fituated on the river Thames, four 
 miles from London. It gives the title of baron to Lord Vif- 
 count Bolingbroke. The manor was given to that nobleman's 
 anceffors, together with Wandfworth, by King Charles I. and 
 Sir Walter St. John founded a free-fchool here for twenty poor 
 boys, and endowed it with 200I. of which the intereft was to 
 put one or more of them apprentice ; and the lady St. John alfo 
 gave iool. the intereft of which was likewife to put a poor boy 
 or girl apprentice every year. The gardens about this place 
 are noted for producing the fineft afparagus. A bridge has 
 been lately erected from hence to Chell'ea, on the oppofue fide 
 of the Thames. 
 
 Two 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 89 
 
 Two miles to the fouth-weft of Batterfea is Wanclfworth t 
 a village that has feveral handfome houfes belonging to the gen- 
 try and citizens of London, and is faid tti have obtained its 
 name from the river Wandle, which paries through it, un- 
 der a bridge into the Thames. There are here copper- works* 
 faid to have been firft erected by certain Dutchmen, and a 
 fair held on Monday, Tuefday, and Wednefday, inWhitfun- 
 week. 
 
 PUTNEY. 
 This is a village fituatedon the Thames, to the north-weft 
 of Wandfworth, and oppofite to Fulham, to which it is joined 
 by a bridge. Here is an old church, erected after the fame 
 model with that of Fulham j and they are both faid to have 
 been built by two fifters. That part of Putney which joins to 
 the heath, commands a fine view, both up and down the river 
 Thames ; and here the citizens of London have many pretty 
 feats. In the church, which ffands near the Thames, are fe- 
 veral handfome monuments, moft of them modern. In this 
 village was born the famous Thomas Cromwell, Earl of EfTex* 
 in the reign of King Henry the Eighth, whofe father was a 
 blackfmith here. 
 
 Fulham is a village on the other fide of the Thames, in the 
 county of Middlefex, four miles from London. In William 
 the Conqueror's time this was held of the King by the canons 
 of St. Paul's i and there is an ancient houfe here, which is 
 moated about, and belongs to the Bifhop of London. King 
 Henry the Third often lay in it. There is a toll paid for pal- 
 ling over the wooden bridge from hence to Putney, not only 
 forhorfes, coaches, and all carriages, but even by foot-paflen- 
 gers. 
 
 WIMBLETON. 
 This is a village in Surrey, three miles fouth' of Putney 
 church, where Ethelbert King of Kent was defeated in a battle 
 by Ceaulin the Weft Saxon^ in the year 56$. Wimbleton- 
 houfe ftands about half a mile fouth from' the road, on Wim- 
 bleton-common. It was built by Sir Thomas Cecil j fon of 
 the Lord Treafurer Burleigh, in the year 1 588' ; and was af-» 
 terwards General Lambert's, who had here the fineft Bower* 
 garden in England, The manor of Wimbledon was purchafed 
 by Sarah Churchill, Dutchefs Dowager of Marlborough; and 
 is now the property of Lord Spencer, to jether with a fine feat 
 
 M fhe 
 
go 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 fhe built here, which is adorned with a grand terrace walk, 
 that has a fine profpecl: to the fouth. Wimbleton-common or 
 heath, which isfuppofed to be as high as Hampftead Heath, is 
 about a mile each way, and is adorned on the fides with feveral 
 handfome feats. 
 
 Roehampton is fituated between Putney Heath and E aft- 
 Sheen, and is one of the pleafanteft villages near London, 
 having in it feveral fine houfes of merchants ; but they are 
 fcattered about, fo as not to rcfemble a ftreet, or regular 
 town. 
 
 EAST-SHEEN. 
 This is a pleafant village, fituated a little to the fouth of 
 Mortlake, where is the fine feat of the Lord Vifcount Palmer- 
 fton, the fucceflor of Sir William Temple. The gardens were 
 laid out and compleated by Sir William Temple, who fpent 
 much of his time here. This eminent man was an excellent 
 judge of gardening, and was very fond of his garden ; in which 
 he fomewhat refembled Epicurus, whom in this refpeft he ad- 
 mired, and concerning whom he thus exprefles himfelf, In his 
 Eflay on Gardening. * Epicurus (fays he) parted his life 
 
 * wholly in his garden ; there he ftudied, there he exercifed, 
 
 * there he taught his philofophy j and indeed, no other fort of 
 
 * abode feems to contribute fo much, to both the tranquility of 
 
 * mind, and indolence of body, which he made his chief ends. 
 ' The fweetnefs of air, the pleafantnefs of fmells, the verdure 
 
 * of plants, the cleannefs and lightnefs of food, his exercifes 
 
 * of working or walking, but above all, the exemption from 
 
 * cares and folicitude, feem equally to favour and im- 
 
 * prove, both contemplation and health, the enjoyments of 
 
 * fenfe and imagination, and thereby the quiet andeafe both of 
 
 * body and mind.' 
 
 Barnes is a village in Surrey, almoft encompafled by the 
 Thames. It lies between Mortlake and Barn Elms, and 
 is feven miles from London, and five from Kingfton. — MorU 
 Iqke is fituated on the Thames, between Putney and Rich- 
 mond, about one mile weft of Barnes. Here are two cha- 
 rity- (chools, and a famous manufacture for weaving tapeftry 
 hangings. 
 
 ESHER, 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 91 
 
 E S H E R. 
 
 This is a village in Surrey, about feventeen miles from Lon- 
 don, fituated near Walton-upon-Thames and Hampton-court, 
 of which laft it affords a fine profpe&, as well as of the other 
 parts of Middlefex. 
 
 EJhcr Place was the feat of the lat* Henry Pelham, Efq. 
 The houfe is a Gothic ftru&ure, built of a brownifh red brick, 
 -with (tone facings to the doors, windows, &c. It ftands upon 
 almoft the loweft ground belonging to it, and has the river Mole 
 gliding clofe by it and through the grounds. This houfe was 
 originally one of thofe built by Cardinal Wolfcy ; but the late 
 Mr. Pelham rebuilt the whole, except the two towers in the 
 body of the houfe, which are the fame that belonged to the old 
 building, and the whole is rebuilt in the fame ftyleof architec- 
 ture it was before, which uniformity is certainly better than an 
 unnatural mixture of Gothic and modern too often pra&ifed. 
 There is a fine fummer houfe built upon a hill on the left hand 
 as you enter, which commands the view of the houfe, park, 
 and country round on both fides the Thames for many miles. 
 The park and ground in which the houfe is fituated appears quite 
 plain and unadorned ; yet perhaps not a little art has been ufed 
 to give it this natural and fimple appearance, which is certainly 
 very pleafing. But in one part of it there is a pretty wildemefs 
 laid out in walks, and planted with a variety of evergreen trees 
 and plants, with a grotto in it, and feats in different places. 
 The wood in the park is well difpofed, and confifts of fine oak, 
 elm, and other trees, and the whole country round appears 
 finely (haded with wood. 
 
 The grand floor of the houfe is elegantly finifhed, and 
 confifts of fix rooms. The great parlour is carved and gilt 
 in a tafte fuitable to the ftyle of the houfe, with curious mar- 
 ble chimney pieces and flab. In this room are the portraits 
 of Mr. Pelham, Sir Robert Walpole, afterwards Earl of Or- 
 ford, Lord Townfhend, the Duke of Rutland, the late Duke 
 of Devonshire, and the late Duke of Grafton; a picture of 
 Lady Catharine Pelham and her fon is over the chimney. In 
 the drawing room over the chimney, there is a picture of King 
 Charles II, when only eleven years old, by Vandyke. The li- 
 brary is curioufly finifhed, and there is a good collection of books 
 in it. 
 
 CLARE- 
 
9 2 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 C L A R E M O N T. 
 This fine feat, which is a little beyond Efher, and which 
 was the property of the late Duke of Newcadle, is now the 
 feat of Lord Clive. The houfe was defigned and built by the 
 late Sir John Vanburgh, in a whimfical ftyle of architecture. 
 It was afterwards purchafed of Sir John by the late Duke of 
 Newcaftle, who was at a great expence in improving the 
 place. The ftrudture, though fingular, does not appear to be 
 irregular. It is built of brick with a deal of variety in it, and 
 of confiderable extent, but not much elevated. The Duke 
 built a grand room for the reception of company when nu- 
 merous, which makes the ends of the houfe not appear fimilar. 
 The houfe has a lawn in the front, {haded on each fide with 
 trees, and the ground behind it rifing gradually fhews the trees 
 there alfo, fo that the houfe appears to be embowered by them, 
 except jurt in the front; and the white fummer-houfe with four 
 little pinnacles, one at each corner, built on the mount which 
 gives names to the place, when viewed from before the front of 
 the houfe, rifes up finely from behind the trees, and altogether 
 forms a very pleafing appearance. The park in which it is fuuated 
 is diftinguifhed by its noble woods, lawns, walks, mounts, prof- 
 pe£b, &c. The fummer-houfe called the Belvedere, at about 
 a mile diftance from the houfe, on that fide of the park next 
 Eflier, affords a very beauiful and extenfive view of the country 
 quite round, yet that from the fummer-houfe at Efher Place is 
 perhaps no way inferior to it. 
 
 C H E R T S E Y. 
 This is a market town in Surrey, nineteen miles from 
 London, and {lands upon the bank of the Thames, over which 
 it has a bridge. The inhabitants trade much in malt, which 
 h fent in barges to London. Here is an handfome free- 
 fchool, which was eredted by Sir William Perkins, who had a 
 feat here. There are annual fairs here on the firft Monday in 
 Lent, and on May 3, July 26, and September 14. Here was 
 once an abbey, by the ruins of which the ftreets are fomewhat 
 raifed. Sir Nicholas Carew, mafter of the buck hounds to 
 Charles the Second, built a fine houfe here with the ruins of 
 the abbey. — This is the place to which our celebrated poet 
 Cowley retired, in the latter part of his life, and where he 
 ditd. And, in this retreat, as Sprat, exprefies it, ' fome few 
 2 ' friends 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 93 
 
 1 friends and books, a chearful heart, and an innocent con- 
 * (cience, were his conftant companions.' 
 
 WEYB RIDGE. 
 
 This is a village in Surrey, four miles fouth weft of Hamp-< 
 ton-court, which derives its name from a bridge formerly erect- 
 ed here over the river Wey. About this village are feveral fine 
 feats, particularly thofe of the prefent Duke of Newcaftle, and 
 the Earl of Portmore. 
 
 Oatlands is the feat of Henry, Duke of Newcaftle, and 
 Earl of Lincoln. The park is about four miles round. The 
 houfe is fituated about the middle of the terrace, the majeftic 
 grandeur of which, and the beautiful landfcape which it com- 
 mands, words cannot defcribe, nor the pencil delineate, fo as 
 to give an adequate idea of this fine (cene. 
 
 The terpentine river which you look down upon from the 
 terrace, though artificial, appears as beautiful as it could do 
 were it natural j and a ftranger who did not know the place 
 would conclude it to be the Thames, in which opinion he 
 would be confirmed by the view of Walton bridge over that 
 river, which by a happy contrivance is made to look like a 
 bridge over it, and clofes the profpe£t that way finely. 
 
 Ham Farm is ths feat of the Earl of Portmore. The houfe 
 is a large handfome ftrudhire, built regularly of brick, with a 
 fine lawn before the garden front. The grounds about it con- 
 fift of about 500 acres, 130 of which are laid out for pleafure, 
 befides a paddock of about 60 acres. Here is a fine command 
 of water, there being two navigable rivers, the Thames, which 
 comes with a fine bending courfe by the fide of the terrace, 
 and the Wey, which runs dire&ly through the grounds, and 
 joins the 7 hamcs at the terrace. There is a fwing bridge over 
 the Wey, which may be turned afide at pleafure, to let boats 
 and other vefTels pafs. The Wey is navigable up to Guildford 
 and other places. The terrace next the Thames is beautiful ; 
 and though it lies upon a flat, there are fome good views from 
 it, and from other parts of the gardens. This place was firft 
 beautified by the Countefs of Dorchefter, in the reign of 
 James II. 
 
 WALTON UPON THAMES. 
 This is a village in Surrey, fituated on the Thames, oppo- 
 fite to Shepperton in Middlesex. It is faid that the laft men- 
 tioned 
 
94 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 iioned county once joined to this town, till about 300 years 
 ago, the old current of the Thames was changed by an inun- 
 dation, and acurch deftroyed by the waves. 
 
 At this place is a very curious bridge over the Thames, 
 ere£ted by the public fpirited Samuel Decker, Lfq; who lived 
 in this town, and who applying to parliament for that pur- 
 pofe, obtained in the year 1747, an a& to empower him to 
 fcre£t a bridge there, and this admirable ilru&ure was completed 
 in Auguft 1750. 
 
 It confifts of only four ftone piers, between which are three 
 large trufs arches of beams and joifts of wood, ftrongly bound 
 together with mortifes, iron pins, and cramps j under thefe 
 three arches the water conftantly runs; befides which are five 
 other arches of brick work: on each fide, to render the afcent 
 and defcent the more eafy ; but there is I'eldom water under any 
 of them, except in great floods, and four of them on theMid- 
 <31efex fide aie flopped up, they being on hi^h ground above the 
 reach of the floods. 
 
 The middle arch, when viewed by the river fide, affords an 
 agreeable profpeft of the country, beautifully diverfified with 
 wood and water, which is feen through it to a confiderable dis- 
 tance. The prodigious compafs of this great arch to a perfon 
 below, occafions a very uncommon fenfation of awe and fur- 
 prize ; and his aftonifhment and attention are encreafed, when 
 he proceeds to take notice, that all the timbers are in a falling 
 pofition; for there is not one upright piece to bedifcovered ; and 
 at the fame time confiders the very fmall dimenfions of the 
 piers by which the whole is fupported. 
 
 In palling oyer this bridge, when you have proceeded paft the 
 brick- work, the vacant interftices between the timbers, yield, at 
 every ftep, a variety of profpe&s, which, at the centre, are 
 feen to a ftill greater advantage. But though each fide is weH 
 fecured by the timber and rails, to the height of eight feet j 
 yet it affords only a parapet of wide lattice work, and the aper- 
 tures feem, even to the eye, large enough to admit the paffage 
 of any perfon to go through, provided he climbs, or is lifted up ; 
 and as the water is feen through every opening to a great depth 
 below, thofe unufed to fuch views cannot approach the fide 
 without fome apprehenfions. 
 
 It would, indeed, have been eafy to have clofed thefe 
 openings between the braces and rails with boards, but they 
 are purpofely left open to admit a free paffage for the air, 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 95 
 
 in order to keep the timbers the more found, and that the leaft 
 decay may be the more eafily perceived and repaired. 
 
 From this admirable bridge the nobility and gentry in this 
 neighbourhood find a very agreeable benefit, efpecially as 
 the ferries are dilatory, dangerous, and at times impafla- 
 ble; and its being erected has caufed the roads thereabout?, 
 in both counties, efpecially on the Surrey fide, to be greatly im- 
 proved. 
 
 , KINGSTON UPON THAMES. 
 This is a town in Surrey, twelve miles from London, which 
 received its name from its having been the refidence of feveral 
 of our Saxon Kings, fome of whom were crowned on a liage 
 in the market place. It is a populous and well built place, and 
 in the reigns of Edward the Second and Third, fen* members 
 to parliament. Here is a fpacious church with eight bells, in 
 which are pictures of the Saxon Kings who were crowned here, 
 and alfo that of King John, who gave the inhabitants of this 
 town their firft charter. Here is alfo a wooden bridge of twen- 
 ty arches over the Thames ; a free-fchool erected and endowed 
 by Queen Elizabeth j an alms-houfe built in 1670 by Alderman 
 Clive, for fix men, and as many women, and endowed with 
 land to the value of 80I. a year; and a charity fchool for thirty 
 boys, who are all cloathed. The fummer affizes for this county 
 are generally held here. There is a gallery on the top of a lull 
 here, that overlooks the town. Befides the above bridge, there 
 is another of brick over a ftream, that flows from a fpring which 
 rifes four miles above the town, and within the diftance of a 
 bow (hot from its fource, forms a brook that drives two mills. 
 Here is a good market for corn, and the town carries on a con- 
 fiderable trade. 
 
 Hircomb's Place here was one of the houfes of Richard 
 I^evil, Earl ot Warwick, who was furnamed the King-T»akcr y 
 becaufe he placed Edward the Fourth upon the throne, and 
 afterwards, dethroning him again, reftored Henry the Sixth. 
 This famous nobleman, in fortune, power, and influence, was 
 the moft confiderable fubjeft who ever appeared in England. 
 In the magnificence of his living, and his unbounded^ hoi- 
 Vitality, he excelled all his cotcmporaries. Whether he re- 
 sided in town, or in the country, he always kept open hou'e. 
 At his houfe in London, we are told, fix oxen were gene- 
 rally taten daily for breakfaft. Every foldier might come into 
 bis kitchen, and take away whatever meat he could carry off 
 
 upon 
 
9 6 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 upon the point of his dagger ; which is not a ftronger proof of 
 the hofpitality of this Lord, than of the plain and iimple man- 
 ners of the age in which he lived. It is faid by fome writers, 
 that no lefs than thirty thoufand perfons lived daily at his board, 
 in the different manors and caftles which he poffefled in Eng- 
 land. 
 
 HAMPTON COURT. 
 This royal palace is delightfully fituated on the north bank 
 of the- river Thames, about two miles from Kingfton, four- 
 teen from London, and at a fmall diftance from a village called 
 Hampton. This magnificent ftructure was built with brick by 
 Cardinal Wolfey, who here fet up two hundred and eighty (ilk 
 beds for ftrangers only, and richly ftored it with gold and filver 
 plate ; but it raifed fo much envy againft him, that to fcreen 
 himfelf from its effects, he gave it to King Henry VI If. who, 
 in return, fuffered him to live in his palace of Richmond. 
 King Henry greatly enlarged it, and it had then five fpacious 
 courts adorned with buildings, which in that age were fo greatly 
 admired by all foreigners as well as the natives, that the learned 
 Grotius fays of this place : 
 
 Si quis opes nefcit (fed quis tamen ille ?) Britannus, 
 
 Hampton Curia, tuos confultat ille Lares j 
 Contulerit toto cum fparfa palatia mundo, 
 
 Dicet, Ibi Reges, hie habitare Deos. 
 
 That is, 
 
 If i 'er a Briton what is wealth don't know ; let him repair to 
 Hampton Court, and then view all the palaces of the earth, 
 when he will fay, Thofe are the reftdence of Kings hut this of 
 the Gods. 
 
 In order to give a more perfect idea of this grandeur, we 
 (hall give a defcription of the ornaments of this palace, as they 
 appeared in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, from an author who 
 defcribes what he himfelf faw. 
 
 " The chief area, fays he, is paved with fquare ftonej 
 *' in its center is a fountain that throws up water, covered 
 *« with a gilt crown, on the top of which is a ftatue of Ju- 
 M ftice, fupported by columns of black and white marble. The 
 ** chapel of this palace is moft fplendid, in which the Queen's 
 «* clofe: is quite tranfparent, having its windows of cryftal. 
 U We were led into two chambers called the audience, or 
 M chambers of autfience, which ihone with tapeltTy of gold 
 
 '« and 
 
TH.E BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND, fj 
 
 and filver, and filk of different colours ; under the canopy 
 " of ftate are thefe words embroidered in pearl, Yivat 
 
 Henricus Octavus. Here is befides a fmall chapel 
 " richly hung with tapeftry* where the Queen performs her 
 (( devotions. In her bed-chamber the bed was covered with 
 " very coftly coverlids of filk. At no great diftance from 
 " this room we were fhewn a bed, the teafter of which wa9 
 . * 4 worked by Anne Boleyn, and prefented by her to her 
 " hufband Henry VIII. All the other rooms being very 
 " numerous, are adorned with tapeftry of gold, filver, and 
 " velvet, in fome of which were woven hiftory pieces, in 
 " others Turkifh and American dreffes, all extremely na- 
 •* tural. 
 
 " In the hall are fhefe curiofities : a very clear looking 
 *' glafs, ornamented with columns and little images of alaba- 
 '* Iter ; a portrait of Edward VI. brother to Queen Elizabeth ; 
 '* the true portrait of Lucretia ; a picture of the battle of Pa- 
 ** via ; the hiftory of Chrift's pafiion, carved in mother of 
 " pearl ; the portrait of Mary Queen of Scots ; the pi&ure 
 " of Ferdinand Prince of Spain, and of Philip his fon ; that 
 " of Henry VIII. uiider which was placed the Bible, curioufly 
 ** written on parchment ; an artificial fphere j feveral mufi- 
 " cal inftruments : in the tapeftry are reprefented negroes 
 ** riding upon elephants ; the bed in which Edward VI. is 
 " faid to have been born, and where his mother, Jane Sey- 
 " mour, died in childbed. In one chamber were feveral ex- 
 '* ceflively rich tapeftries, which are hung up when the 
 Ci Queen gives audience to foreign ambafladors ; there were 
 " many counterpanes and coverlids of beds lined with ermine. 
 " In fhort, all the walls of the palace fhine with gold and 
 ** filver. Here is befides a certain cabinet called Paradife, 
 " where befides that everything glitters fo with filver, gold, 
 <c and jewels, as to dazzle one's eyes, there is a mufical in- 
 tc ftrument made all of glafs, except the firings. After- 
 <c wards we were led into the gardens, which are moft plea- 
 * 4 fant." Such was the account given of the magnificence of 
 this palace, two centuries ago by Hentzner, the German. 
 
 This palace is, with the parks, encompafTed in a femi- 
 circle by the Thames. King William and Q^ieen Mary were 
 fo greatly pleafed with its fituation, which rendered it capa- 
 ble of great improvements, and of being made one of the 
 nobleft palaces in Europe, that while the former was caufing 
 the old apartments to be pulled down, and rebuilt in the more 
 
 Vol. I. N beau- 
 
A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 beautiful manner in which they now appear, her Majefty, im- 
 patient to enjoy fo agreeable a retreat, fixed upon a building 
 near the river, called the Water Gallery, and fuiting it to her 
 convenience, adorned it with the utmoft elegance, though its 
 fituation would not allow it to (land after the principal building 
 was compieated. 
 
 Since the pulling down of the Water Gallery, which flood 
 before the fine ftone front that faces the river, the ground to 
 the fouth weft has received conuderable improvements. This fpot 
 is laid out in fmall inclofures, furrounded with tall hedges, in 
 order to break the violence of the winds, and render them pro- 
 per for the reception of fuch exotic plants as were moved 
 thither in fummer out of the confervatories. Here are two 
 bafons conftantly fupplied with water, for the fupport of thefe 
 plants in dry weather ; and as thefe are fituated near the 
 great apartments, mod of the plants may be viewed from the 
 windows. 
 
 At a fmall diftance to the wed, flood a large hot-houfe, for 
 preferving fuch tender exotic plants as require a greater fhare 
 of warmth than is generally felt in this climate. * Of this part 
 of gardening Queen Marv was fo fond, that fhe allowed a 
 handfome falary to Dr. Plukenet, a very learned botanift, for 
 overlooking and regiftering the curious collection of plants fhe 
 caufeu to be brought into the garden ; but fince her Majefty's 
 death they have been much neglected, and very few of themoft 
 curious plants are now to be found there. 
 
 The park and gardens, with the ground on which the palace 
 now ftands, are about three miles in circumference. On a pe- 
 diment at the front of the palace on this fide, is a bas relief of 
 the triumphs of Hercules over Envy j and facing it a large oval 
 bafon, anfwering to the form of this part of the garden, which 
 is a large oval divided into gravel walks and parterres, laid out 
 in an elegant manner, by thofe two eminent gardeners, Lon- 
 don and Wife. 
 
 At the entrance of the grand walk, are two large marble 
 vafes, of exquifite workmanfhip, one faid to be performed by 
 Mr. Cibber, father to the poet laureat, and the other by a fo- 
 reigner ; thefe pieces are reported to be done as a trial of 
 lkill; but it is difficult to determine which is the fineft perfor- 
 mance. They are beautifully adorned with bas-relief j that 
 on the right hand, reprefenting the triumphs of Baccnus, and 
 the other on the left, Amphitrite and the Nereides. At the 
 bottom of this walk, facing a large canal which runs into the 
 park, are two other large vafes, the bas-relief on one repre- 
 3 fenting. 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 99 
 
 fenting the judgment of Paris; and that on the other MeLvger 
 hunting the wild bo^r. 
 
 an four of the parterres are four fine brafs ftatues. The firft 
 is a gladiator, which formerly ffood in the parade of St. James's 
 Park, at the foot of the canal, and was removed thither in 
 the reign of Queen Anne. The original was pi r ormed by 
 Agafhs Defitheus of Ephefus, and is in the Borghefian palace 
 at Rome. The fecund is a young Apollo ; the third a D ana; 
 and the fourth, Sat 1 .in going to devour one of his child e i : all 
 after fine originals. 
 
 On the ibuth fide of the palace is the privy garden, w' ich 
 was funk ten feet, to open a view from the apartments to the 
 river Thames ; in this garden is a fine fountain, and two grand 
 terrace walk?. 
 
 On the north fide of the palace is a tennis court : and be- 
 yond that a gate which leads into the wilder nefs : farther 
 on is the great gate of the gardens, on the fides of which 
 are large {lone piers, with the lion and unicorn couchant, irj 
 {tone. 
 
 At the gates -of the firft entrance into the palace, are four 
 large brick piers, adorned with the lion and unicorn, each of 
 them holding a fhield, whereon are the arms of Great Britain, 
 with feveral trophies of war well carved on ftone. 
 
 Paffing through a long court yard, on each fide of which 
 are ftabling for the officers of his Majefly's houfh Jd, we 
 come next to the firft portal, which is ftronglv built of biick, 
 and decorated by Wolfey with the heads of four of the Calais, 
 Trajan and Adrian on one fide, and on the other Tiberius and 
 Vitellius. 
 
 Thro' this portal we pafs into a large quadrangle, remark- 
 able for nothing extraordinary, but its fpacioufnefs and uni- 
 formity. This leads to a fecond quadrangle, where over the 
 portal is a beautiful aftronomical clock, made by the celebrated 
 Tompioir, on which are curioufly reprefen'ed the twelve figrrs 
 of the zodiac, with the tifing and fetting of the fun, the v ri- 
 ous phafes »f the moon, and other ornaments, and indications 
 of time. 
 
 On the left hand of this quadrangle is the great old hdl, in 
 which, by Queen Caroline's command, was e rected a thea- 
 tre, wherein it was intended that two plays ftiould have been 
 a£red every week, during the time of the court's continuance 
 there ; but Mr. Colley Cibber obferves, that only feven p s 
 were performed in it, by the players from Drury-lane, the 
 
 N 2 iuinmer 
 
100 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 fummer when it was raifed, and one afterwards for the enter- 
 tainment of the Duke of Lorrain, afterwards Emperor of Ger- 
 many. In the front is a portal of brick, decorated with four 
 Ca:fars heads without names. 
 
 One the oppofite fide of this quadrangle is a ftone colonade 
 of fourteen columns, andtwopilafters of the Ionic order, with 
 an entablature and baluftrade at the top, adorned in the middle 
 with two large vafes. 
 
 This leads to the great ftaircafe, adorned with iron ballu- 
 fters curioufly wrought and gilt, the whole erected on por- 
 phyry. From the cieling hangs, by a ftrong brafs chain, gilt, 
 a large glafs lanthorn which holds fixteen candles, and has an 
 imperial crown at the top. This ftaircafe, with the cieling, 
 were painted by Signor Verrio, an Italian, by order of King 
 William III. 
 
 At the top, on the left fide, are Apollo and the nine Mufes, 
 at whofe feet fits the God Pan with his unequal reeds, and a 
 little below them the Goddefs Ceres, holding in one hand a 
 wheat flieaf, and with the other pointing to loaves of bread j 
 at her feet is Flora, furrounded by her attendants, and hold- 
 ing in her right hand a chaplet of flowers ; near her are the 
 two river Gods, Thame and Ifis, with their urns ; and a large 
 table in the middle, upon which is a quantity of rich plate, de- 
 corated with flowers. 
 
 On the cieling are Jupiter and Juno, with Ganymede rid- 
 ing on Jupiter's eagle, and offering the cup. Juno's peacock 
 is in the front : one of the Paicae, with her fciflars in her 
 hand, feems to wait for Jove's orders to cut the thread of life. 
 Thefe figures are covered with a fine canopy furrounded with 
 the figns of the zodiac, and by feveral zephyrs, with flowers in 
 their hands ; and on one fide of them is Fame with her two 
 trumpets. 
 
 Beneath is a beautiful figure of Venus riding on a fwan, Mars 
 addreffing himfelf to her as a lover, and Cupid riding on ano- 
 ther fwan. 
 
 On the right hand are Pluto and Proferpine, Ccelus and 
 Terra, Cybele crowned with a tower, and others. Neptune 
 and Amphitrite are in the front, and two attendants are ferv- 
 ing them with nectar and fruit. Bacchus is leaning on a 
 rich ewer, and, being accompanied by his attendants, places 
 his left hand on the head of Silenus, who fits on an afs that 
 is fallen down, he feeming to catch at a table, to which 
 Diana above is pointing. The table is fupported by eagles ; on 
 one fide of it fits Romulus, the founder of Rome, with a wolf ; 
 ' ' ' • and 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 101 
 
 and on the other fide of it is Hercules leaning" on his club. 
 Peaee in her right hands holds a laurel, and in her left a palm 
 over the head of /Ene<js, who feems inviting the twelve Cae- 
 fars, among whom is Spurina the foothfayer, to a celeftial 
 banquet. Over their heads hovers the genius of Rome with a 
 flaming fword, the emblem of deftrudtion, and a bridle, the 
 emblem of government; both in her right hand. 
 
 The next is the Emperor Julian writing at a table, while 
 Mercury dictates to him. 
 
 Over the door at the head of the flairs is a funeral pile, done 
 in ftone colour ; and under the abvoe paintings are thirty- fix 
 pannels repreienting trophies of war, and other decorations in 
 
 the fame colour. We (hall now proceed to give a particular 
 
 defcription of the principal apartments of the palace, with 
 their noble furniture and fine paintings. 
 
 The Guard Chamber. 
 
 From the flair-cafe we pafs into the guard- chamber, which 
 is very large and fpacious, it being upwards of fixty feet long, 
 and forty feet wide. - This room contains arms for five thou- 
 fand men, artfully difpofed in various forms-. Fronting the door 
 are three trophies of drums, hanging in an uniform manner 
 under the winduws five in each trophy. There are pilallers of 
 pikes, bayonets, and bandaleers, on each fide fixteen pannels, 
 which go round the room, with a great variety of decorations 
 and figures, as mufkets in chequer work, ftars made of 
 bayonets, fwords, &c. alfo circles, ovals, hexagons, and 
 octagons ; in the centers of fome are the famed Med ii fa's head, 
 and of others Jupiter's thunder, and other devices carved upon 
 a fhield : the fides are garnifhed with bandaleers. 
 
 The arms were thus difpofed by Mr. Harris, who was the 
 perfon that firft contrived to place the arms in the fame beau- 
 tiful order in the fmall armoury in the Tower of London, 
 wich is univerfally admired, by people of all nations, who 
 have curiofity to furvey them. This man was originally a 
 common gunfrnith, but after he had given fuch public proof of 
 his ingenuity, he was allowed a penfion from the crown. 
 
 Over the chimney are the arms of England, &c with the 
 garter, and motto round them; and underneath is a neat cy- 
 pher of a W, and over it the royal crown, curioufly carved in 
 Walnut-tree. 
 
 On the right hand of the door as we enter, are the hal- 
 
 beits 
 
 ... . ij 
 
102 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 berts for the Yeomen of the guard, eighteen in number, and a 
 little farther, fix large carbines, regularly placed on a table. 
 
 The King's f.rji Prefence- Chamber. 
 
 This room is hung with rich old tapefiry. The cieling is 
 vaulted, ani from the center hargs a fine lufture of nineteen 
 branches. Fronting th? door are the canopy and chair of 
 Itate, which, as well as the {tools, are of criinfon damafk; 
 on the back part of the canopy are the King's arms, and 
 round the valiance, a crown and cypher embroidered in 
 gold. 
 
 On the left hand of the entrance, behind the door is a fine 
 picture about eighteen feet by fifteen, by Sir Godfrey Kneller, 
 of King William III. who is in armour on a (lately grey horfe, 
 trampling on the trophies of war, by which lies a flaming torch. 
 At the top in the clouds Mercury and Peace fupport his hel- 
 met, decorated with laurel, and a Cupid holds a fcroll. On 
 the bottom part of the picture appear Neptune and his atten- 
 dants by the fide of a rock, welcoming the hero on (hore ; 
 and at a diftance is feen a fleet of fhips, their fails fwelled 
 with the eaft wind. In the front ground Plenty with her 
 cornucopia ofTets him an olive branch, and Flora prefents 
 flowers. 
 
 Over the chimney is a whole length of the Marquis of 
 Hamilton, Lord Steward of the houfhold to King Charles I. 
 by Van Somer ; and over the doors are two pieces of archi- 
 tecture, finely executed by Roflb. 
 
 The Second Prefence- Chamber. 
 
 Over the chimney is a whole length of Chiftian VI. King 
 of Denmark, by Van Somer. This picture, as moft of the 
 large ones are, is decorated round the frame on the outfide with 
 feftoons of fruits and flowers, beautifully carved in high- relief in 
 lime wood. 
 
 Over all the doors are pieces of ruins and landfcapes by 
 Roffo. 
 
 The hangings of this room are very antient tapeftry, but 
 very rich, the lights being all gold, and the fhadows filk; the 
 fubject, of thole on the left are Hercules and the Hydra j and 
 thofe on the right Midas with his afs's ears. 
 
 The room is fpacious, with a vaulted cieling, from the cen- 
 ter of which hangs a gilt chandelier of twelve branches. The 
 chair of ftate and ftools are ol crimfon damafk, fringed with the 
 
 fame 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 103 
 
 fame colour. Here are two tables of fine marble, which have 
 pier-glaffes over them, with gilt {lands on each fide. 
 
 The Audience Room. 
 
 Over the chimney is a whole length of Elizabeth, queen of 
 Bohemia, who was his late majelty's great grandmother, and 
 the daughter of King James I. Her hufband, Frederick V. 
 prince elector Palaiine of the Rhine, and herfelf likewife, were 
 driven out of their kingdom, for want of leafonable fupport of 
 her father. She came over into England in the year after the 
 reftoration of her nephew, King Charles II. and died about 
 nine months after that in London, at the Lord Craven's in 
 Drury-Lane, in the year 1662. 
 
 Over each of he doors in this room, is a madonna, by 
 Dominico P etti. 
 
 The tapeftry is fine j the fubjeft on one fide, Abraham and 
 Lot dividing their lands ; and on the other, God appears to 
 Abraham in the front, and Abraham is purchasing a piece of 
 ground for a burying- place. 
 
 The room is lofty : in the middle hangs a beautiful chande- 
 lier of filver, chafed, with fixteen branches Between the 
 windows are glafles \ and under them tables, finely carved and 
 gilt, Hand on each fide. 
 
 Here is a fine canopy of ftate, with window-curtains, chair, 
 and ftools, of rich crimfon damafk, laced, and fringed with gold. 
 
 The Drawing Room. 
 
 Over the chimney-piece is a whole length of King Charles 
 I. which is one of the fineff pieces of Vandyke ; and over the 
 doors are two capital pictures ; the firft is David, with Goli- 
 ath's head, by Fetti ; and the other, the holy family, by Cor- 
 regio. The other furniture of this room contifts of a rich 
 chair of ftate and ftools, two large marble tables between the 
 windows, with pier glafles up to the deling, and two pair of 
 fine gilt ftands : the window-curtains are tiffue, with a filver 
 ground. There are fix filver fconces on the tapeilry, which 
 is richly woven in with gold, but is very ancient ; the fubjedr, 
 the fcripture-ftory of Abraham fending his fervant to get $ 
 wife for lfaac. 
 
 The State Bed- Chamber. 
 
 Over the doors are two pieces of flowers, beautifully paint- 
 ed, by Eaptiifc. 
 
 Over 
 
A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 Over the chimney is a whole length of the dutchefs of York, 
 (daughter of the Lord Chancellor Hyde, and mother to Queen 
 Mary and Queen Anne) painted by Van Somer ; under which, 
 and over the two doors, is a large collection of china, placed 
 there by Queen Mary, who was peculiarly fond of that fort of 
 ware. 
 
 The tapeftry is the hiftory of Jofh.ua, all round the room, 
 which is very fpacious. 
 
 The cieling was painted by Verrio. The fubje£t, of one 
 part of it is Endymion and the moon : Endymion is lying with 
 his head in Morpheus's lap, and Diana viewing him with the 
 utmoft attention as he fleeps. 
 
 On another part of the deling is a fine figure of Somnus, 
 or fleep, with his attendants. In the border are four land- 
 fcapes, and four boys, with bafkets of flowers, intermixed 
 with poppies. 
 
 The bed is of crimfon velvet, laced with gold, and adorned 
 with white plumes of feathers on the top. There are like- 
 wife in this room, eight filver fconces chafed, with the judg- 
 ment of Solomon upon them ; a fine black and gold Indian 
 fcreen ; a large pier-glafs, ornamented with glafs, that is cut 
 and tinged with blue } a marble table, and two gilt ftands ; and 
 in one corner, an eight day clock in a walnut-tree cafe. 
 
 The King's Drejfing-Room. 
 
 Over the doors are fine flower-pieces, by Baptift. 
 
 The cieling is painted by Verri ; the fubject, Mars and 
 Venus. Mars is fleeping in Venus's lap ; feveral Cupids are 
 ftealing away his armour; fome his coat, others his fliield, 
 helmet, fword', and fpear ; while others are binding him about 
 his legs and arms with fetters of rofes. The border is em- 
 bellifhed with jeflamine, orange-trees in pots, and feveral forts 
 of birds. 
 
 The room is about twelve feet long, and fix wide ; and 
 in it are two windows, with rich window-curtains, a neat 
 table between them, on which ftands a clock ; and on the 
 right hand is a curious weather-glafs. The hangings are of 
 ftraw- coloured India damafk ; the chair and fcreen are of the 
 fame. 
 
 The King's Writing-Clofet. 
 
 Over each door is a piece of flowers, by Baptift, in a 
 f\):itraft taftej and over the chimney is a fine picture by 
 
 Boug- 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 105 
 
 BougJaneof all forts of birds the peocock in front, and the 
 principal figure. 
 
 In the left hand comer is a curious weather- glafs ; and in 
 another part of the room, an Indian cabinet, filled at top with 
 fine china, placed there by the late Queen Mary. 
 
 This clofet is of a triangular form, and has two windows. 
 The hangings and ftools are of a pea green India damafk ; there 
 is a fine collection of china over the chimney, and a glafs there, 
 fo placed, as to fhew all the rooms on that fide of the building 
 at once. 
 
 ghieen Mary's Clofet. 
 
 - The hangings of this clofet are all needle-work, faid to be 
 wrought with Queen Mary's own hand ; there are alfo an eafy 
 chair, four others, and afcreen, all faid to be the work of that 
 excellent Queen. The work is extremely neat ; the figures are 
 well fhadowed, perhaps equal to the beft tapeftry, and fhew 
 great judgment in drawing. Over the chimney-piece is an o!cf 
 painting, faid to be Raphael's, reprefenting Jupiter's throne, by 
 which is the thunder, and his eagle in the clouds. 
 
 The Queen's Gallery. 
 
 This is likewife called the tapeftry -gallery, and is about fe- 
 venty feet long, and twenty-five feet wide. It is hung with feven 
 beautiful pieces of tapeftry, reprefenting the hiftory of Alexan- 
 der the Great, and done after the famous paintings of Le Brun; 
 they are however not placed according to chronology, for 
 fome of the laft actions of Alexander's life are placed before 
 thofe which preceded them. Under that part of the tapeftry 
 which reprefents the ftory of Alexander and Diogenes, and 
 which is placed over the chimney-piece, is a very neat buft of 
 a Venus in alabafter ftanding upon an oval looking-glafs, under 
 which are two doves billing in baffo-relievo. Among the other 
 furniture in this gallery, are two very fine tables or Egyptian 
 marble. 
 
 The Queen's State Bed-chamber. 
 
 Overy the chimney piece is a whole length of King James L 
 painted by Van Somer. 
 
 On his right hand is Anne his royal confort, fecond daugh- 
 ter of Frederick, King of Denmark ; and on his left, the Prin- 
 cefs Elizabeth, his daughterj who was afterwards Queen of 
 Bohemia. Thefe were likewife both painted by Van Somer. 
 
 O Ov er 
 
io6 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 Over the other door is a beautiful whole length, of that hope- 
 ful youth, Henry, Prince of Wales, eldeft fon of king James I. 
 who died in the 19th year of his age, amidft the public rejoic- 
 ings which were made for the reception of the Palfgrave, who 
 was juft come over into England, in order to lolemnize his nup- 
 tials with the Princefs Elizabeth. 
 
 The deling of this bed-chamber was painted by the late Sir 
 James Thornhill. The fubject is, Aurora riftng out of the 
 ocean in her golden chariot, drawn by four white horfes. In 
 the cornice are four portraits, one on every fide, 1. His late 
 majefty King George I. 2. His late majelty King George II. 
 3. Her late majefty Q^ieen Caroline. 4. His royal highneis the 
 late Prince of Wales. 
 
 In this chamber there is likewife a fine bed of crimfon da- 
 mafk, two Indian fconces, and a glafs luftre, with filvcft 
 nozzles. 
 
 The Queen's Drawing-Room. 
 
 The cieling here was painted by Signior Verrio, in the middle 
 of which is the figure of the late Queen Anne, reprefenting 
 Juftice, with the fcales in one hand, and the fword in the other; 
 ihe is drilled in a purple robe, lined with ermine ; and Nep- 
 tune and Britannia are holding a crown over her head. 
 
 On the fides of the room are feveral other paintings of Ver- 
 rio, reprefenting the Britifh fleet ; Prince George of Denmark 
 pointing to it; and the four parts of the world fhev/n by four 
 figures ; but thefe were thought fo badly executed, that they are 
 now quite concealed, and covered over with green damaflc hang- 
 / ings, upon which are placed nine pictures, three on each fide, 
 the length of the room, and three at the end ; thefe pieces were 
 formerly all in one, and-of a prodigious length, as may be dif- 
 cerned by fome pans of the figures, which have been cut alun- 
 der, fome in one place and fome in another. The whole ha 
 triumph of Julius Czefar, confuting of a long proctffion of fol- 
 diers, prielts, officers of ftate, &c. at the end of which, that 
 Emperor appears in his triumphant chariot, with Victory over 
 his head, crowning him with laurel. 
 
 It is painted in water-colours upon canvas, by Andrea Mon- 
 tegna, who was a difciple of Jaccbo Squarcoine. 
 
 The Queens State Audience-room. 
 
 There are five whole length pictures in this room, all painted 
 by Holbein. The firlt reprefenfs the Dutchefs of Biunfwick. 
 
 The 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 107 
 
 The fecund the Duke of Brunfwick. The third the Marchio - 
 nefs of Brunfwick, their daughter. The fourth the Dutchefs 
 of Lenox ; and the laff, the Queen of Scots, 
 
 The canopy of ftate here is very rich ; as are alfo the tapef- 
 try- hangings, the ftory of which is the children of frael carry- 
 ing the twelve iiones to the river Jordan, as related in the 4th 
 chapter of the book of Jofhua. 
 
 The Prince of Wales's Prefence- chamber. 
 
 Over one of the doors is Guzman, over another Gondamor, 
 two Spanifh Ambaffidors ; over the third is Madame ChatiUon, 
 the famous French Admiral's lady ; and over the chimney 
 Lewis XIII. of France, with a walking-Itick in his hand, and 
 a dog by his fide ; ail four pictures by Holbein. 
 
 The tapeftry hangings are of green damafk, wherein is cu- 
 rioufly wrought the hiffory of Tobit and Tobias. 
 
 Here are two line gilt Hands in the form of Termini, and a 
 canopy of ftate. 
 
 The Prince of Wales'' s Drawing-room. 
 
 This is hung wiih tapeftry, reprefenting Elymas the forcerer 
 {truck with blindnels; this is taken from one of the cartoons. 
 Over the chimney-piece is the Duke of Wirtemburgh ; over 
 one of the doors is a whole length of the wife of Philip II. King 
 of Spain ; and over the other, a whole length of Count Mans- 
 field, general of the Spaniards in the Low Countries, all by 
 Holbein. 
 
 The Prince of Wales's Bed-chamber. 
 
 Over one of the doors, is a whole length of the Prince of 
 P.irma, governor of the Netherlands j over the chimney- 
 piece is a whole length of the Duke of Lunenburgh ; great 
 grandfather to his prefent majefty ; over another door, Philip II. 
 King of Spain ; and over a third, the Queen of Denmark, 
 confort of Chriftian IV. Thefe are likewife painted by Hol- 
 bein. 
 
 The bed js of green damafk. 
 
 The private Dining-room. 
 
 Here are four pictures of the Spanifh armada, by Vander 
 Veldej and over the cimney, a very fine one by Van Dyke, 
 
 O2 of 
 
io8 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 of the Lord Effingham Howard, Lord High Admiral of Eng- 
 land. 
 
 The King's private bed chamber is hung with fine tapefhy, 
 which reprefi nis the remarkable engagement at Solbay, in the 
 year 1672. — In the Cartoon gallery were the celebrated cartoons 
 of Raphael Uibin, io called from their being painted on paper, 
 Thcfe are feven pieces of facred hiftory, taken from the New 
 Teltament, and were atfiift defined only as patterns for tape- 
 ftry. For thefe fine pieces Lewis the Fourteenth is faid to have 
 offered ioo,oco louis d'ors. The fubjects of them are, 
 I. The miraculous draught of fillies ; 2. The death of Ananias j 
 3. Elymas the forcerer ifruck with blindnels ; 4. The lame man 
 healed by Peter and John ; Paul and Barnabas at Lyftra ; 6. 
 Paul preaching at Athens ; and 7. Chart's charge to St. Peter, 
 commonly called the giving the keys. Thele cartoons were 
 the greateft ornaments of Hampton-court ; and attracted the 
 admiration of foreigners, as well as natives of England ; and 
 it is fuppofed that fome foreigners, lovers of the fine arts, have 
 majc voyages to England chiefly for the purpofe of viewing 
 them. But thefe admirable piectshave lately, with a ?nean felf- 
 ijhufs, unworthy of a great Prince, been removed to Buck- 
 ingham houfc, or, as it is now iliied, the Queen's Palace, 
 where they are concealed from the public eye. Jt is faid they 
 were damaged by the removal ; and it mult be remembered, 
 that they were not purchafed by his prefent Majefty, (which 
 would have altered the nature of the cafe) but placed at Hamp-r 
 ton Court by King William III. who built the cartoon gallery 
 on purpofe for their reception. 
 
 The Admirals Gallery. 
 
 Jn this Room are the Pictures of the following renowned 
 
 Admirals. 
 
 1. Sir George Rooke. 9. Admiral Beaumont. 
 
 2. SirCioudefly Shovel. 10. Sir Thomas Dilks. 
 
 3. Sir John Leake. II. Admiral Benbow. 
 
 4. Lord Tort ington. 12. Admiral Whetftone, 
 
 5. Admirl Churchill. 13. Admiral Wifliart. 
 
 6. Sir SrafTord Fairborne. 14. AdmiraPGradon. 
 
 7. Sir John Jennings. 15. Admiral Munden. 
 
 8. Sir Thomas I-lopfon. 
 
 All painted by Sir Godfrey Kneller, and Mr. DahJ. 
 
 The 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 109 
 
 The Queen's Stair-cafe 
 
 There is here a large picture, in a gold frame, painted 
 by • Viakj of King Charles II and Katharine his Queen. 
 The Duke of Buckingham is therein reprefented as Science, 
 in the habit of a Mercury, and Envy is ftiuck down by naked 
 boys. 
 
 There are additional ornaments in the Mofaic tafte, on each 
 fide of the flair- cafe as well as thecieling, by Mr. Kent. 
 
 The Nt'zu Quadrangle. 
 
 In the center of this fquare is a round bafon, and four large 
 lamps on pedeftals of iron' woik ; and on the right band, over 
 the windows, are the twelve labours of Hercules done in 
 Frefco. 
 
 The Room of Beauties. 
 The firft is the Lady Pe- 6th. Lady EiTex. 
 
 terborough, 7th. Lady Dorfet. 
 
 2d. Lady Ranelagh. 8th. Queen Mary 
 
 3d. Lady Middleton. 9th. The Dutchefs of 
 
 4th. Mil's Pitt. Grafton. 
 5th. Dutch, of St. Alban's. 
 
 Queen Mary was painted by WifHri£, and all the reft by Sir 
 Godfrey Kneller. 
 
 We fhall conclude our account with obferving, that the 
 whole palace confifts of three quadrangles. The firft and fe- 
 cond are Gothic, but in the latter is a mod beautiful colonade 
 of the Ionic order, the columns in couplets, built by Sir Chrif- 
 topher Wren. Through this you pafs into the thiid court or 
 quadrangle, in which are the royal apartments, which were 
 magnificently built of brick and Hone by King William. 
 
 A I N's HILL. 
 
 This fine feat, which is near Cobham in Surrey, at the di- 
 ftance of about twenty miles from London, belongs to the Hon, 
 Mr. Charles Hamilton, who has made great improvements, 
 by incloling a large tract of barren land, which though fo poor 
 as to produce nothing but heath and broom, he has fo well 
 cultivated and adorned, that few places are equal to it. The 
 
 whole 
 
no 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 whole place is about five miles round : it is laid out in the mo- 
 dern tafte, and planted with a beautiful variety of trees, plants, 
 and flowers. The fine equalities of the ground give a perpe- 
 tual variety to the profpe&s, efpecially on that fide next the 
 river Mole, which river though it lies lower than the level of 
 the gardens by twenty feet, is brought into them by means of a 
 wheel curioufly contrived, which is turned by the river. Every 
 time it turns round it takes up the water ard conveys it through 
 a fpiral pipe from the circumference of the wheel to the center 
 of it, from whence it is difcharged into a trough, and from 
 thence through pipes into the gardens, where by the joint 
 afilftance of nature and art, it is formed into a fine winding lake 
 or piece of water, with an ifland in it, planted and laid out in 
 walks with bridges over it of the moft fimple contrivance, 
 and the whole furrounded with rifing grounds, clumps of trees, 
 and hanging woods, in as romantic and piclurefque a manner 
 as imagination can conceive. A collection of fine Italian and 
 other paintings, brought from this elegant feat, have been juft 
 advertifed to be fold. 
 
 STAINES. 
 
 This is a market town, in the county of Middlefex, 17 
 miles from London, and derives its name from the Saxon 
 word Stana which fignifies a Stone, and was applied to this 
 place from a boundary- ftone, anciently fet up here to mark the 
 extent of the city of London's jurifdiciion upon the Thames. 
 It is a pleafant populous town, withfeveral good inns, and has 
 a bridge and a ferry over the river Thames ; and being a lord- 
 fhip belonging to the crown, is governed by two conftables 
 and four headboroughs, who are appointed by his majefly's 
 ■Howard. Here is a market on Fridays, and a fair cn the 28th 
 of September. The church ftands alone, almoft half a mile 
 from the town. From Stanes to Brentford, all that lies be- 
 tween thee high road along Hounflow, and the Thames, was 
 called the Foreft , or Warren of Stanes, till Henry III. disfo- 
 refted it. 
 
 On the fouth eaft fide of Stanes is Runny Mead, celebrated 
 for being the fpot whereon King John was compelled by his 
 rurons to fign the famous charter of Englifh liberties, itiled 
 .Magna Chart a. 
 
 Near Thames' s Jilver waters lies a meed 
 
 Whet England's barons, bold in freedom's, caufe, 
 Compel? d their king to ratify her laws : 
 
 2 With 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. m 
 
 With coiiftancy maintain'' d the fubjeSVs right, 
 And ferv'd a fov'reign in his own defpite. 
 On that fam d mead, their honeji claims to feal t 
 They ri/k'd their private for the public weal. 
 Bravely refolv'd to make the tyrant yield. 
 Or die, like heroes, on the glorious field. 
 
 Runny Mead is now divided into feveral enclofures, parcel 
 of the demefne of the manor of Egham. 
 
 E G H A M. 
 
 This town is fituated on the Thames, in the ccunfy of 
 Surry, eighteen miles from London, oppofite to Stanes, and at 
 the diftance of four miles from Windfor. It is divided into four 
 tithings, and being a thoroughfare from London to the weft, 
 has fome very good inns. Here is an handfome charity fchool, 
 befides alms-houfes, particularly on!, built and endowed by 
 Sir John Denham, one of the barons of the exchequer irr 
 the reign of King Charles II. for five poor old women, who 
 have each an orchard. The parfonage houfe here was the feat 
 of Sir John Denham, who rebuilt it, and who was the father 
 of the celebrated poet of that name, who took great delight 
 in it. 
 
 WINDSOR. 
 
 This very agreeable town, which is twenty-two miles from 
 London, in the county of Berkfhire, is fuppofe V to derive its 
 name from its winding Jhore, on the South fide of the Thames. 
 It is fituated on a rifing ground : the principal ftreet looks 
 fouthward over a long and fpacious valley, chequered with 
 corn fields and meadows, interfperfed with groves, and watered 
 by the Thames, which glides through the profpeft in a tranf- 
 fluent and gentle ftream ; and, fetching many windings, feems 
 to linger in its way. On the other fide, the country fvvells 
 into hills, which are neither craggy nor over high, but rife with 
 a gradual afcent that is covered with perpetual verdure where it 
 is not adorned with trees. 
 
 This town was conftituted a borough by King Edward I. 
 with great privileges, fuch as exemption from all tolls of 
 bridges, markets, and fairs. It fent members to parliament 
 from the 39th of that prince's reign, to the 14th of Edward III. 
 when it intermitted till the 25th of Henry Vi. but has fent two 
 members ever fince. It has charters from both King James I. 
 and II. It is governed by a mayor, high fteward, under-fte- 
 
 ward, 
 
112 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 ward, a town clerk, two bailiffs, and twenty eight other pcr- 
 fons, chofen out of the moft fubftantial. inhabitants, thirteen of 
 whom are called fellows or benchers of the Guildhall ; and of 
 thefe thirteen, ten are called aldermen ; from among whom 
 the mayor and bailiffs are annually chofen. The members of 
 parliament are elected by the inhabitants paying fcot and lot, 
 who are computed to be in number about three hundred, and 
 the mayor is the returning officer. 
 
 The church here is a fpacious ancient building, fiiuated in 
 the high ftreetof the town, in which is alfo the town houfe, a 
 neat regular edifice, built in 1686, and fupported with columns 
 and arches of Portland ftone ; at the north end is placed in a 
 niche the flat ue of Queen Anne, in her royal robes, with the 
 globe and other regalia ; and underneath, in the freeze of the 
 intablature of the lefler columns and arches, is the following 
 infcription in gold letters : 
 % 
 
 Anno Regni VP. 
 Dom. 1707. 
 
 Arte tua ^fculptor, non eft imitabilis Anna ; 
 Ann^e vis ftmilcm fculpere? fculpe Deam. 
 
 S. Chapman, Prcstore. 
 
 And in another niche on the fouth fide is the ftatue of Prince 
 George of Denmark, her majelty's royal confort, in aRomam 
 military habit, and underneath is the following infcription : 
 
 Screnljfimo Principi 
 Georgia Princpi Danlas. 
 Heroi omni feculo venerando, 
 Chriftophorus Wren, Arm. 
 Pofuit. MDCC XIII. 
 
 In the area, underneath the town-hall, the market is kept every 
 Saturday, and is plentifully fupplied with corn, meai, fifh, and 
 all other provifions. 
 
 Windsor-Castle is the moft delightful roval palace in 
 England. It was fiift built by William the Conqueror fc^on af- 
 ter his being eliablifhed on the throne of this kingdom, on ac- 
 count of its pleafant and healthful fituation, and as a place of fe* 
 curity ; w s greatly improved by Henry I. who added many ad- 
 ditional buildings, and furrounded the whole with a ftt ong wall. 
 
 Our 
 
t he Beauties of England, 113 
 
 Our fucceeding Monarchs refided in the fame caftle, till King 
 Edward III. caufed the antient building to be taken down ; 
 ere&ed the prefent ftately caftle, and St. Get>rge's chapel ; in- 
 clofed the whole with a ftrong wall or rampart of ftone, and 
 inftituted the order of the garter. 
 
 It may be proper to obferve, that William of Wykeham, 
 afterwards Bifhop of Winchefter, was principally employed by 
 Edward III. in building this caftle, and when he had flniflied 
 it, he caufed this doubtful fentence to be cut on one of the 
 towers. 
 
 This made Wykeham. 
 Which being reported to the King, as if that prelate had af- 
 fumed to himfelf the honour of building this caftle, that Bi- 
 fhop would probably have fallen under his Majefty's difpleafure, 
 had he not readily allured his royal mafter, that he meant it 
 only as an acknowledgment, that this building had made him 
 great in the favour of his Prince j and had occafioned his being 
 raifed to his prefent high ftation. 
 
 Great additions were in fucceeding times made to the caftle, 
 byfeveralof our monarchs, particularly by Edward IV. Henry 
 VII. Henry VIII. Elizabeth and Charles II. This laft Prince, 
 foon after his reftoration, entirely repaired the caftle, and 
 though it had fufFered greatly by plunder and rapine, in the 
 preceding times of national diforder, he reftored it to its an- 
 cient fpendor. As that prince ufually kept his court there 
 during the fummer feafon, he fpared no expence in rendering 
 it worthy the royal refidence ; he entirely changed the face of 
 the upper court ; he enlarged the windows, and made them 
 regular ; richly furnifhed the royal apartments, and had them 
 decorated with large and beautiful paintings, and credted a 
 large magazine of arms. 
 
 In ftiort, King Charles II. left little to be done to the caftle, 
 except fome additional paintings in the apartments, which were 
 added by his fuccelibrs James II. and William III. in whof« 
 reign the whole was completed. 
 
 This ftately and venerable caftle is divided into two courts 
 or wards, with a large round tower between them called the 
 middle ward, it being formerly feparated from the lower waid 
 by a ftrong wall and draw-bridge. The whole contains above 
 twelve acres of land, and has many towers and batteries for its 
 defence : but length of time has abated their ftrength. 
 
 The caftle is fituated upen a high hill, which rifes by a 
 gentle afcent, and enjoys a moft delightful profpefl around it : 
 
 Vol. I. P in 
 
114 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 in the front is a wide and extenfive vale, alorned with corn 
 fields and mea lows, with groves on either fide, an J the calm 
 fmooth water of the Thames running through it, and bihind 
 it are every where hills covered with woods, as if dedicated by 
 nature for game and hunting. 
 
 On the declivity of the hill is a fine terrace, faced with a 
 rampart of free ftone, 1870 feet in length. This may juftly 
 be faid to be one of the nobleft walks in Europe, both with 
 reffiecT: to the ftrength and grandeur of the building, and the 
 fine and extenfive profpc£t over the Thames, of the adjacent 
 country on every iide, where from the variety of fine villas 
 fcattered about, nature and art feem to vie with each .other in 
 beauty. 
 
 When Queen Elizabeth refided at Windfor, (he ufed to 
 walk on this terrace near an hour every day before dinner, if 
 not prevented by windy weather, to which file had a particu- 
 lar averfibn. Wet weather was no interruption to her amufe- 
 ment there ; for file took great delight in walking abroad when 
 the rain was only mild and calm, with an umbrella over her 
 head. — This noble walk is covered with fine gravel, and has 
 cavities, with proper drains, in order to carry off the rain, fo 
 that let it fall never fo heavy, none of it will lie upon the ter- 
 race ; by which means it is dry, hard, and fit for walking on, as 
 foon as ever the ftorm is over* 
 
 From this terrace you enter into a beautiful park of the 
 fineft green or lawn, which lies round this Royal Caftle, and 
 is no fmall o; nament to Windfor ; it is called the Little or 
 Houfe-Park, to diftinguifh it from another adjoining of much 
 larger extent ; but this is computed to be four miles in circum- 
 ference, and contains near 500 acres or" land ; it was enlarged 
 and inclofed by a brick- wall in the reign of the late King 
 William III. and is moll delightful for its natural beauty, and 
 the many fhady walks, efpecially that called Queen Elizabeth's 
 walk ; which, on the fummer evenings, is chiefly frequented 
 by the beft company : the fine plain on the top of the hill, was 
 made level for bowling in King Charles lld.'s time, (an exercife 
 in which that Prince much delighted) and from hence is the 
 like extended proipeft over the fame moll beautiful and well' 
 cultivated country, and the river Thames. The lower part of 
 this park, under the terrace of the north fide of the Caftle, was 
 defigned and laid out for a garden in the reign of Queen Anne ; 
 but on the demife of that Princefs, and in a country where 
 the beauties of nature are more attended to than the decorations 
 of art, this defigh was laid afidc : in this park is conftantly a 
 
 good 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 115 
 
 good flock of deer r.nd other game, and the Keeper's Lodge at 
 the farther end next the road fide, is a delightful habitation. 
 The prefent Keeper of this park is the Earl of Pomfrct. 
 
 In the upper court of the caftle, is a fpacious and regular 
 fquare, containing on the north fide the royal apartments, and 
 St. George's chapel and ha!il j on the fouth and the ea. r t fides 
 are the royal apartments, thofe of the Pnnce of Wales, and 
 the great officers of ftate ; and in the centre of the area is an 
 cquettrian Itatue in copper of King Charles 11. in thj habit 
 ot one of the Gefars, finding on a fnaib-le pedeftid, adorned 
 with various kinds of fruit, fifh, (hipping, and other orna- 
 ments. 
 
 The Round Tower , which forms the weft fide of this upper 
 court, contains the governors apartments. It is built on the 
 higheft part of the mount, and there is an afcent to it by a 
 large flight of ftone fteps ; thefe apartments are ipacious and 
 noble, and among the relt is a guard room or magazine of 
 arms. King Charles II. began to face this mount with brick, 
 but only compleaied that part next the court. The prefent go- 
 vernor of this caftle is the Duke of Montague. His lodgings 
 command a mod extenfive view to London, and, as they fay, 
 into twelve counties. T hey alfo tell you, that in the guard- 
 chamber, are the coats of mail of John, King of France, and 
 David, King of Scotland, both priloners h re at the fame time. 
 The royal ftandard is ra;fed on this tower on Hate-holidays, 
 or when the king or royal family refide here. On the oppoiite 
 corner of the royal buildings is King John s Tower, fo named 
 from its being the aparment affigned to that French monarch, 
 when he was prifoner in England. 
 
 The Royal Apartments are*on the north fide of this princely 
 Caftle, and Commonly go under the name of the Star Build- 
 ing, from the garter and ftar largely diGjlayed in g<.ld, and 
 fixed in the middle of the building on the outfide next the 
 terrace. 
 
 The ufal entrance into the apartments is from the upper court 
 or ward, through a hanJfome Veftibule, fupported by pillars 
 of the Ionic order, with fome antique brafs buftos in the fe- 
 Ve'ral niches of no great account ; and alfo figures of a Roman 
 veftal, and a Have in the adlion of picking a tho r n out of his 
 foot. The great flair cafe is finely painted with feveral fa- 
 bulous ftories from Ovid's Metamorphofes, particularly the 
 flory of Phaeton, who is reprefented on the dome petitioning 
 Apollo for leave to drive the chariot of the fun; and on the 
 flair-cafe, in large cempartments, are the transformation of 
 P 2 Phae- 
 
A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 Phaetan's fitters into poplars, their tears diftilling amber fronj 
 the trees, with this inscription, Magnis tamen excidit Aufts i 
 great events happen to the bold: Alfo the ftory of Cycnus, K. 
 of Liguria, who, being inconlblable for Phaeton's death, was 
 transformed into a fwan. Over thefe, and on the feveral parts 
 of the cieling, fupported by the winds, are reprefented the figns 
 of the zodiac, with bafkets of flowers, beautifully difpofed, 
 and at each corner are the elements of earth, air. fire, and 
 water, expreffed by Cornucopeas, birds, zephyrs, flaming cen- 
 fers, water nymphs with fifties, and a variety of other repre- 
 fentations expreffing each element; alfo Aurora, with her 
 nymphs in waiting, giving water to her horfes. In proper at- 
 titudes in feveral parts of this ftair cafe, are alfo reprefented 
 comedy, tragedy, mufick, painting, and other fciences, and 
 the whole flair-cafe is beautifully difpofed and heightened with 
 gold, and has a view to the back flairs, whereon is painted 
 the ftory of Meleager and Atalanta. The painting of this 
 ftair-cafe was by Sir James Thornhili. — We now proceed to a 
 particular defciiption of the principal apartments. 
 
 The £{ueeri 's Guard Chamber. 
 
 This room, which is the firft apartment into which you 
 enter, is completely fumifhed with fire-arms, as guns, bayo- 
 nets, pikes, bandaleers,' &c. beautifully ranged and difpofed 
 into various forms, with the ftar and gaiter, the royal cypher, 
 and o'her ornaments intermixed, cut in lime- wood. Over 
 the chimney, is a full portrait of prince George of Denmark 
 in armour on horfeback, by Dahl, with a view of {hipping, 
 by Vandewell : on the cieling. is Britannia, in the perfon of 
 Queen Catharine of Portugal, confort to KingCharles II. feated 
 on a globe, bearing the arms of England and Portugal, with the 
 four quarters of the world, viz. Europe, Afia, Africa, and Ame- 
 rica, and their refpedtive fymbols attended by deities, prefenting 
 their feveral offerings. The figns of the zodiack are on the 
 outer part of this beautiful reprefentation. In different parts 
 of the cieling are Mars, Venus, Juno, Minerva, and other 
 heathen deities, with zephyrs, cupids, and other embellifhments 
 properly difpofed. 
 
 The Sheen's Prefence- Chamber. 
 
 On the cieling of this room Queen Catharine is reprefented 
 attended by religion, prudence, fortitude, and other virtues: 
 file is under a curtain fpread by time, and fupported by zephyrs, 
 
 while 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 117 
 
 while fame founds the happinefs of Britain ; below, Juftice is 
 driving away envy, fediticn, and other evil genii. The room 
 is hung with tapeftry, containing the hiftory of the beheading 
 of St. Paul, and the perfecution of the primitive Chriftians } 
 and adorned with the pidures of Judith and Holofernes j by 
 Guido Reni j a magdalen, by Sir Peter Lely } and a Prorne~ 
 theus by young Palma. 
 
 The Shteens Audience Room. 
 
 On the cieling is Britannia reprefented in the perfon of Queen 
 Catherine, in a car drawn by fwans to the temple of virtue, 
 attended by Flora, Ceres, Pomona, &c. with other decorati- 
 ons heightened with gold. The canopy is of fine Englifh vel- 
 vet, fet up by Queen Anne ; and the tapeftry was made atCob- 
 lentz, in Germany, and prefented to King Henry VIII. The 
 pictures hung up in this room, are, a Magdalen by moonlight, 
 byCaTraccij St. Stephen ftoned, by Rotterman j and Judith 
 and Holofernes, by Guido Reni, 
 
 The Ball Room, 
 
 On the cieling King Charles IT. is reprefented giving free- 
 dom to Europe by the figures of Perfeus and Andromeda ; on 
 the fhield of Perfeus is inferibed Perfeus Britannicus, and over 
 the head of Andromeda is wrote Europa Liberata, and Mars 
 attended by the celeftial deities, over the olive branch. On 
 the coving of this chamber is the ftory of Perfeus and Andro- 
 meda, the four feafons, and the figns of the Zodiac, the whole 
 heightened with gold. The tapeftry, which was made at 
 Brufle|s, and fet up by King Charles II. reprefents the feafons 
 of the year ; and the room is adorned with the following pic- 
 tures, the Roman Charity, after Tintoret ; Duns Scotus, by 
 Spagnoletto ; a Madona, by Titian ; Fame by Palmegiani ; 
 the Arts and Sciences, alfo by Palmegiani j and Pan and Sy- 
 rinx, by Stanick. 
 
 The Queen's Drawing Room- 
 On the cieling is painted the aflembly of the Gods and God- 
 defles, the whole intermixed with cupids, flowers, &c. and 
 heightened with gold. The room is hung with tapeftry re- 
 prefenting the twelve months of the year, and adorned with 
 the pictures of Lot and his daughters, after Angelo j Lady 
 
 Digby 
 
nS A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 Di°by, wife of Sir Kenelm Digby, by Vandyke ; a fleeping 
 Venus, by Pouflin ; a family in the character of Mark Antho- 
 ny and Cleopatra, by De Bray ; a Spanifli family, after Titian } 
 and a flower piece by VareHt. 
 
 The Queen's Bed-Chamber. 
 
 The bed of (late is rich flowered velvet made in Spitalfields, 
 by order of Queen Anne, and the tapeftry, which reprefents 
 the harveft fealon, was alfo made at London, by Poyntz. The 
 cieling is painted with the ftory of Diana and Endymion, and 
 the room is adorned with the pictures of the holy family, by 
 Raphael j Herod's cruelty, by Julio Romano j and Judith 
 and Holofernes, by Guido. 
 
 The Room of Beauties, 
 
 This is fo named from the portraits of the moft celebrated 
 beauties in the reign of King Charles II. They are fourteen 
 in number, viz. Lady Oflbry, the Duchefs of Somerfet, the 
 Duchefs of Cleveland, Lady Gramont, the Countefs of Nor- 
 thumberland, the Duchefs of Richmond, Lady Birons, Mrs. 
 Middleton, Lady Denham and her fifter, Lady Rocheder, Lady 
 Sunderland, Mrs. Dawfon, and Mrs. Knott. Thefe are all 
 original paintings drawn to great perfedtion by Sir Peter Lely. 
 
 The Queen s DreJJing Room* 
 
 In this room are the following portraits ; Queen Henrietta 
 Maria, wife to King Charles I. Queen Mary, when a child, 
 and Queen Catherine ; thefe three are all done by Vandyke ; 
 the Duchefs of York, mother to Queen Mary and Queen Anne, 
 by Sir Peter Lely. 
 
 In this room is a clofet wherein are feveral paintings, and 
 in particular a portrait of the Countefs of Defmond, who is 
 faid to have lived to within a few days of one hundred and fifty 
 years of age ; alfo a portrait of Erafmus, and other learned 
 men. In this clofet is likeWife the banner of France annually 
 delivered on the fecond of Auguft by the Duke of Marlbo- 
 aough, by which he holds Blenheim-houfe, built at Woodftocfe 
 in Oxfordfhire, in the reign of Queen Anne, as a national re- 
 ward to that great General for his many glorious victories over 
 th.e French. 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. ii$ 
 
 £>uecn Elizabeth's, or the PiSlure Gallery. 
 
 This is richly adorned with the following paintings : King 
 James I. and his Queen, whole lengths, by Vanfomer ; Rome 
 in flames, by Julio Romano } a Roman family, by Titian j 
 the holy family, after Raphael ; Judith and Holofernes, by 
 Tintoret ; a portrait of Charles VI. Emperor of Germany, 
 by Sir Godfrey Kncller ; the wife men making their offerings 
 to Chrift, by Paulo Veronefe ; two ufurers, an admired piece, 
 by the famous blackfmith of Antwerp ; Perfeus and Andro- 
 meda % by Schiavone ; Aretine and Titian, by Titian ; the 
 Duke of Gloucefter, a whole length, by Sir Godfrey Kneller ; 
 Prince George of Denmark, a whole length, by Dahl ; King 
 Henry VIII. by Hans Holbein Vandenelli, an Italian ftatu- 
 ary, Correggioj the founders of different orders in the Ro- 
 frufh church, by Titian and Rembrandt ; a rural piece in low 
 life, by Baffano ; a fowl piece, by Varelft ; the battle of 
 Spurs near Terevaen, in France, in 1513, by Hans Holbein j 
 two views of Windfor caftle, by Wofterman, and two Italian 
 markets, by Michael Angelo. In this room is alfo a curious 
 amber cabinet, prefented by the King of Pruffia to Queen Ca- 
 roline. 
 
 There is here likewife Queen Caroline's china clofet, filled 
 with a great variety of curious china elegantly difpofed, and 
 the whole room is finely gilt and ornamented ; over the chim- 
 ney are the pictures of Prince Arthur and his two fitters, th« 
 children of King Henry VII. by Holbein ; and in this clofet is 
 alfo a fine amber cabinet, prefented to Queen Anne, by Dr. 
 Robinfon, Bifhop of London, and plenipotentiary at the con- 
 grefs of Utrecht. 
 
 Tht King's Clofet. 
 
 The cieling of this is adorned with the ftory of Jupiter and 
 Leda. Among the curiofities in this room is a large frame 
 of needle work, faid to be wrought by Mary Queen of Scots, 
 while a prifoner in Forthinghay caftle ; among other figures, 
 fhe herfelf is reprefented fupplicating for juftice before the 
 Virgin Mary, with her fon, afterwards King James I. {land- 
 ing by her •, in a fcroll is worked thefe words Sapieniiam ama~ 
 vi et txquifivi a juvmtute mea. This piece of work, after its 
 having lain a long time in the wardrobe, was fet up by order 
 of Queen Anne. The pictures are, a Magdalen, by Carracci 
 
 a fleep- 
 
»20 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 a fleeping Cupid, by Correggio ; contemplation, by Carrac- 
 ci ; Titian's daughter, by herfelf ; and a German Lady, by 
 Raphael . 
 
 77)e King's DreJJing Rooxt. 
 
 The cieling of this is painted with the ftory of Jupiter and 
 Danae ; and adorned with the pictures of the birth of Jupiter, 
 by Julio Romano ; and of a naked Venus afleep, by Sir Peter 
 Lely, 
 
 The King's Bed Chamber. 
 
 This is hung with tapeftry, reprefenting the flory of Hero 
 and Leander ; the bed of ftate, which was fet up in the reign 
 of King Charles II. is of fine blue cloth, richly embroidered 
 with gold and filver ; and on the cieling that Prince is repre- 
 fented in the robes of the garter, under a canopy fupported by 
 Time, Jupiter and Neptune, with a wreath of laurel over his 
 head ; and he is attended by Europe, Afia, Africa, and Ame- 
 rica, paying their obeifance to him. The paintings are, King 
 Charles II. when a boy, in armour, by Vandyke ; and St. Paul 
 ftoned at Lyftra, by Paulo Veronefe. 
 
 The King's Drawing Room. 
 
 On the cieling is King Charles II, riding in a triumphal 
 car, drawn by the horfes of the fun, attended by Fame, 
 Peace, and the polite arts ; Hercules is driving away rebellion, 
 fedition, and ignorance ; Britannia and Neptune, properly at- 
 tended, are paying obeifance to the monarch as he paffes ; 
 and the whole |is a reprefentation of the reftoration of that 
 monarch, and the introduction of arts and fciences in thefe 
 kingdoms. In the other parts of the cieling are painted the 
 labours of Hercules, with feftoons of fruit and flowers, the 
 whole beautifully decorated in gold and ftone colour. The 
 pictures hung up in this room are, a converted Chinefe, by 
 Sir Godfrey Kneller; the Marquis of Hamilton, after Van- 
 dyke, by Hanneman ; Herodias's daughter, by Carlo Dolci j 
 a Magdalen, by Carlo Dolci j and a Venetian Lady, by 
 Titian. 
 
 TJje King's Public Dining Room. 
 
 On the cieling is painted the banquet of the gods, with a 
 variety of fifti and fowl. The pictures hung up here are, 
 the portraits of his prefont Majefty, and the late Queen Ca- 
 roline, 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 121 
 
 roline, whole lengths ; Hercules ajid Omphale, Cephalus and 
 Procris, the birh of Venus, and Venus and Adonis, the four 
 laft by Genario; a naval triumph of King Charles II. by Ver- 
 lio j the marriage of St. Catherine, by Dawkers ; nymphs and 
 fatyrs, by Rubens and Snyders j hunting the wild boar, by 
 Snyders; a picture of ftill life, byGirardo; the taking of the 
 bears by Snyders ; a night piece, being a family finging by can- 
 dle light, by Qiiiftin ; a Bohemian family, by De Brie ; divine 
 love by an unknown hand j and Lacy, a famous comedian 
 in King Charles the Second's time, in three characters, by 
 Wright. 
 
 Many of the paintings in this room are beft feen at noon by 
 the reflection of the fun ; the carving of this chamber is very 
 beautiful, reprefenting a great variety of fowl, fifh and fruit, done 
 to the utmoft perfection on lime wood, by Mr. Gibbons, a fa- 
 mous ftatuary and carver in the reign of King Charles II. 
 
 The King's Audience Chamber, 
 
 On the deling is reprefented the eftablifhment of pure reli- 
 gion in thefe nations on the reftoration of that pious Prince, 
 Charles II. in the characters of England, Scotland, and Ireland, 
 attended by Faith, Hope, Charity, and the Cardinal Virtues j 
 Religion triumphs over Superftition and Hypocrify, which are 
 driven by Cupids from before the face of the church ; all which 
 appear in proper attitudes, and the whole highly finifhed. The 
 paintings in this room are, Our Saviour before Pilate, by Mi- 
 chael Angelo j the Apoftles at our Saviour's tomb, by Schia- 
 voni ; Peter, James, and John, by Michael Angelo ; and the 
 Dutchefs of Richmond, by Vandyke. The canopy of this 
 room is of green velvet, embroidered with gold, very rich, fet 
 up in the reign of King Charles II. 
 
 The King's Prefence Chamber. 
 
 On the cielinig i s Mercury, with an exceeding good original 
 portrait of Kingr Charles II. which he fhews to the four quarters 
 of the world, introduced by Neptune ; Fame declaring the glory 
 of that prince, and Time driving away Rebellion, Sedition, 
 2nd their companions. Over the canopy is Juftice in ftone • 
 colour, (hewing the arms of Britain to Thames and his river 
 nymphs, v/ith the ftar of Venus, and this label, Sydus Corioli- 
 fium j at the lower end of the chamber is Venus in a fea car, 
 
 Q, drawn 
 
IZ2 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 drawn by Tritons and fea nymphs. This cieling is in all parts 
 beautifully painted, and highly ornamented with gold and ftone- 
 colour. The painting in this room are, Henry JJuke of Glou- 
 cefter, brother to King Charles II. by Vandyke ; the Countefs of 
 Dorfet his governefs, by ditto ; Father Paul the Venetian, by 
 Tintoret ; the tapeftry of this chamber, is thebiflory of Queen 
 Athalbh. 
 
 The Kings Guard Chamber. 
 
 In this fpacious and noble room is a larse magazine of arms, 
 viz. pikes, piftols, guns, coats of mail, fwords, halberts, 
 bayonets, drums, &c. to the amount of fome thousands, all beau- 
 tifully difpofed in colonades, pillars, circles, Ihields, and other 
 devices in a moft curious manner, ranged by Mr. Harris, late 
 mafter-gunner of the caftle, the fame perfon who made that 
 beautiful arrangement of the fmall arms in the great armoury 
 in the Tower of London, and at Hampton Court, and whom 
 we have before fpoken of. 
 
 The cieling is painted in water-colours : in one circle is Peace 
 and Plenty, and in the other Mars and Minerva. In the dome, 
 is a reprefentation of Mars, and the whole room is decorated 
 with inftruments of war adapted to the chamber. Over the 
 chimney is a portrait, as large as life, of Charles XI. King of 
 Sweden, on horfeback, by Wyck. And over the door they 
 fliew the armour of Edward the Black Prince. 
 
 In this room the Knights of the Garter dine in great ftate at 
 an Inftallation, in the abfence of the Sovereign. 
 
 St. George's Hall. 
 
 This Hall is particularly fet apart to the honour of the order 
 of the Garter, and is one of the nobleft rooms in Europe, both 
 with regard to the building and the painting, which is here per- 
 formed in the moft grand tafte. In a large oval in the centre of 
 the cieling King Charles II. is reprefented in the habit of the or- 
 der, attended by England, Scotland, and Ireland ; Religion 
 and Plenty hold the crown of thefe kingdoms over his head j 
 Mars and Mercury, with the emblems of war and peace ftand 
 on c. ch fide. In the fame oval, regal government is reprefented 
 upheld by religion and eternity, with Jufrice attended by forti- 
 tude, temperance and prudence, beating down rebellion and 
 faction. Towards the throne is reprefented in an odhgon St. 
 
 George's 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 123 
 
 'George's crofs incircled with the garter, within aftar or glory 
 fupported by Cupids, with the motto, 
 
 HoNI SOJT QUI MAL Y PENCE. 
 
 and befides other embellihhments relating to the order, the mufes 
 are reprefenteci attending in full concert. 
 
 On the back of the ftate, or Sovereign's throne, is a large 
 drapery, on which is painted St. George encountering the Dra- 
 gon, as large as the life, and on the lower border of the drapery 
 is infcribed, 
 
 VENIENDO R ESTITUIT REM, 
 
 in allufion to King William III. who is painted in the habit of 
 the order, fitting under a royal canopy, by Sir Godfrey Kneller. 
 To the throne is an afcent by five fteps of fine marble, to which 
 the painter has added five more, which are done with fuch per- 
 fection as to deceive the fight, and induce the fpe&ator to think 
 them equally real. 
 
 This noble room is an hundred and eight feet in length, and 
 the whole north fide is taken up with the triumph of Edward 
 the Black Prince, after the manner of the Romans. At the 
 upper part of the hall is Fdward III. that Prince's father, the 
 conqueror of France and Scotland, and the founder of the order 
 of the garter, feated on a throne, receiving the Kings of France 
 and Scotland prifoners ; the Black Prince is feated in the middle 
 of the proceffion, crowned with laurel, and carried by flaves ; 
 preceded by captives, and attended by the emblems of victory, 
 liberty, and other enfignia of the Romans, with the banners of 
 France and Scotland difplayeJ. The painter has given a loofe 
 to his fancy by clofing the proceffion with the fiction of the 
 Countefs of Salifbury, in the perfon of a fine lady, making gar- 
 lands for the Prince, and the reprefentation of the merry wives 
 of Wind for. 
 
 At the lower end of the hall is a noble mufic gallery, fup- 
 ported by flaves, larger than the life, in proper attitudes, faid 
 to reprefent a father and his three fons, taken prifoners by the 
 Black Prince in his wars abroad. Over this gallery on the lower 
 compartment of the cieling is the collar of the order of the gar- 
 ter fully difplayed. The painting of this room was done by 
 Verrio, and is highly finifhed and heightened with gold. 
 
 The King's Chapel. 
 
 This chapel is decorated in a very gay and fplendid manner. 
 On the cieling is finely reprefented our Lord's afcenfion. > and 
 
 Q_2 the 
 
124 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 the altar piece is adorned with a noble painting of the laft fup- 
 per. The north fide of the chapel is ornamented with the 
 reprefentation of our Saviour's raifing Lazarus from the dead, 
 his curing the fick of the palfy, and other miracles, beautifully 
 painted by Verrio ; and in a group of fpedtators the painter has 
 introduced his own effigy, with thofe of Sir Godfrey Kneller, 
 and Mr. Cooper, who affifted him in thefe paintings. The eaft 
 end of this chapel is taken up with the clofets belonging to his 
 Majefty and the Royal family. The canopy, curtains, and fur- 
 niture are of crimfon velvet, fringed with gold ; and the carved 
 work of this chapel, which is well worthy the attention of the 
 curious, is done by that famous artift Gibbons, in lime tree, re* 
 prefenting a great variety of pelicans, doves, palms, and other 
 allufions to fcripture hiftory, with theftar and garter, and other 
 ornaments finifhed to great perfection. 
 
 St. George s Chapel. 
 
 This ancient ftrudture, which is fituated in the middle of the 
 lower court, is in the pureft ftile of Gothic architecture, and 
 was firft erected by King Edward the Third, in the year 1337, 
 foon after the foundation of the college, for the honour of the 
 order of the garter, and dedicated to St. George, the patron 
 of England ; but however noble the firft defign might be, King 
 Edward IV. not finding it entirely compleated, enlarged the 
 ftructure and defigned the prefent building, together with the 
 houfes of the dean and canons, fituated on the north and weft 
 fides of the chapel ; the work was afterwards carried on by 
 Irlenry VII. who finifhed the body of the chapel, and Sir 
 Reginald Bray, knight of the garter, and the favourite of that 
 King, affifted in ornamenting the chapel and compleating the 
 roof. 
 
 The architecture of the infide has always been efteemed for 
 its neatnefs and great beauty, and in particular the ftone roof is 
 reckoned an excellent piece of workmanfhip. It is an ellipfis 
 fupported by Gothic pillars, whofe ribs and groins fuftain the 
 whole ceiling, every part of which has fome different device 
 well finifhed, as the arms of Edward the Confeffor, Ed- 
 ward III. Henry VI. Edward IV. Henry VII. an<J 
 Henry VIII. alfo the arms of England and France quarterly, 
 the crofs of St. George, the rofe, portcullis, lion rampant, 
 unicorn, &c. In a chapel in the fouth ifle is reprefented in 
 ancient painting, the hiftory of John the Baptift, and in the 
 fame ifle are painted on large pannels of oak, neatly carved 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 125 
 
 and decorated with the feveral devices peculiar to each Prince, 
 the portraits at full length of Prince Edward, fon to Henry VI. 
 Edward IV. Edward V. and Henry VJI. In the north ifle is 
 a chapel dedicated to St. Stephen, wherein the hiftory of' that 
 faint is painted on the pannels, and well preferved. In the firft 
 ef thefe pannels St. Stephen is reprefented preaching to the peo- 
 ple ; to the fecond he is before Herod's tribunal ; in the third 
 he is (toning ; and the fourth he is reprefented dead. At the 
 eaft end of this ifle is the chapter houfeof the college, in which 
 is a portrait at full length, by a mafterly hand, of the victori- 
 ous Edward III. in his robes of ftate, holding in his right hand 
 a fword, and bearing the crowns of France and Scotland, in 
 token of the many victories he gained over thofe nations. On 
 one fide of this painting is kept the fword of that great and 
 warlike Prince. 
 
 But what appears moft worthy of notice is the choir. On 
 each fide are the ftalls of the Sovereign and Knights compani- 
 ons of the mod noble order of the garter, with the helmet, 
 mantling, creft, and fword, of each Knight, fetupover his flail 
 on a canopy of ancient carving curioufly wrought, and over 
 the canopy is affixed the banner or arms of each Knight proper- 
 ly blazoned on filk, and on the back of the ftalls are the titles 
 of the Knights, with their arms neatly engraved and blazoned 
 on copper. The Sovereign's Mall is on the ri^it hand of the 
 entrance into the choir, and is covered with purple velvet and 
 cloth of gold, and has a canopy and compleat furniture of the 
 fame valuable materials ; his banner is likewife of velvet, and 
 his mantling of cloth of gold. The Prince's flail is on the left, 
 and has no diftincYion from thofe of the reft of the Knights 
 companions, the whole fociety, according to the ftatutes of 
 the inftitution, being companions and collegues, equal in ho- 
 nour and power. 
 
 The altar piece was, foon after the reftoration, adorned with 
 cloth of gold and purple damafk by King Charles II. but on re- 
 moving the wainfcot of one of the chapels in 1707, a fine 
 painting of the Lord's fupper was found, which being approved 
 of by Sir James Thornhill, Verrio, and other eminent mafters, 
 was repaired and placed on the altar piece. 
 
 Near the altar is the Queen's gallery, for the accommoda- 
 tion of the ladies at an inftallation. 
 
 In a vault under the marble pavement of this choir, are 
 interred the bodies of Henry VIII. and Jane Seymour his 
 Queen, King Charles I. and a daughter of the late Queen 
 
 Anne. 
 
126 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 Anne. In the fouth ifle, near the door of the choir, is buried 
 Henry VI. and the arch near which he was interred, was fump- 
 tuoufly decorated by Henry VIII. with the royal enfigns and 
 other devices, but they are now much defaced by time. 
 
 In this chapel is alfo the monument of Edward Earl of Lin- 
 coln, Lord High Admiral of England in the reign of Queen 
 Elizabeth, erected by his Lady, who is alfo interred with him. 
 The monument is of alabafter, with pillars of porphyry. 
 
 Another, within a neat fcreen of brafs work, is erected to 
 the memory of Charles Sornerfet, Earl of Worcefter, and 
 Knight of the garter, who died in 1526, and his lady, daughter 
 to William Earl of Huntingdon. 
 
 Alfo a ftately monument of white marble erected to the me- 
 mory of Henry Sornerfet, Duke of Beaufort, and Knight of 
 the garter, who died in 1699. There are here alfo the tombs 
 of Sir George Manners, Lord Roos ; that of the Lord Haft- 
 ings, Chamberlain to Edward IV. and feveral others. 
 
 The Tomb- Houfe. 
 
 , This edifice, which is adjoining to theeaff. end of St. George's 
 Chapel, was erected by King Henry VII. for a burial place for 
 himfelf and thofe who fhould fucceed him on the Throne of 
 England : but this Prince afterwards altering his purpofe, began 
 the more noble edifice at Weftminfter ; and this fabric remain- 
 ed neglected till Cardinal Wolfey obtained a grant of it from 
 Henry VIII. and then defigned and began here a moft Sump- 
 tuous monument for himfelf, from whence this building ob- 
 tained the name of Wolfey' s Tomb-houfe ; and fome have errone- 
 oufly fuppofed, that at firft the whole building was erected by 
 that famous Cardinal. Lord Bacon obferves, that this monument 
 " far exceeded that of King Henry VII. in Weftminfter- Ab- 
 •* bey ;" and at the time of the Cardinal's difgrace, and his lofs 
 of the King's favour, the defign had been fo far executed, that 
 four thoufand two hundred and fifty ducats had been paid 
 to the ftatuary for executing that part of the work which was 
 then done. But the Cardinal dying foon after his retirement 
 from court, was privately buried in the chapel of Leicefter Ab- 
 bey, and this monument remained unfinished j and at laft, in 
 1646, became the plunder of the parliamentarian foldiers. King 
 James II. afterwards converted this building into a Popifh 
 
 chapel, 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 127 
 
 chapel, and mafs was publickly performed here ; fince which 
 it has been entirely neglected, and fuffered to run to ruin. 
 
 We (hall now proceed to fpeak of Windfor Great Park, which 
 lays on the fouth fide of the town, and opens by a moft noble 
 road, or Long-Walk, in a direct line, to the top of a delight- 
 ful hill at the diftance of near three miles. This road, through 
 a double plantation of trees on each fide, leads to the Ranger or 
 Keeper's Lodge, the refidence of his Royal Highnefs the late 
 Duke of Cumberland, who greatly improved the natural beau- 
 ties of this park, and by large plantations of trees, extenfive 
 lawns, new roads, fpacious canals, and rivers of water, made 
 this villa a moft delightful habitation. This park is fourteen 
 miles in circumference, and is well flocked with deer, and va- 
 riety of other game. The late Duke was fucceeded both in 
 the rangerfhip of this park, as alfo in title by his royal nephew, 
 the prefent Duke of Cumberland. 
 
 The late erected building, or Behidere, on Shrub's Hill, 
 over a beautiful verdure and young plantation of trees, is very 
 elegant, and affords the moft delightful rural fcene ; the noble 
 piece of water in the valley underneath, was effected at a large 
 expence, and from a fmali ftream or current of water, was 
 made a fpacious river, capable to carry barges and boat* of plea- 
 fure, with freedom j his Royal Highnefs alfo erected over this 
 river, a bridge of a moft curious archite&ure, on a noble and 
 bold plan, being a fingle arch, one hundred and fixty-five feet 
 wide ; this piece of water was a great ornament to the park, 
 and terminates in a grotto, and large cafcade or fall of water ; 
 but has of late fuffered damage by the breaking up of the head 
 bank. 
 
 Neither was the attention of his Highnefs confined to the 
 park only, but extended in like manner to the adjoining Fo- 
 reft, that fcene of rural diverfion, and place of refidence of 
 the royal game. Among the improvements made here by that 
 Prince, the new two miles courfe on Afcot Heath cannot be 
 paffcd unnoticed : This race ground was laid out and brought 
 into the moft beautiful order at a large expence, and is one of 
 the firft courfes in the kingdom. The foreft is of great extent, 
 and was appropriated to hunting, and the habitation of the 
 King's deer, by William I. who eftablifhed many laws and 
 regulations which are at this time obferved for the prefervation 
 of the royal game, and better regulation of the foreft. In this 
 extenfive trad of land are (everal agreeable towns and villages, 
 
 o* 
 
128 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 of which Wokingham is the principal, and almoft in the center 
 of the foreft; and although the land is generally barren and un- 
 cultivated, it [affords great delight and pleafure in riding, by 
 beautiful hills and vales intermixed with fine lawns and herbage 
 for cattle, alfo by the many agreeable habitations of gentlemen, 
 whofe 
 
 Plea f ant Villas intervene, 
 
 To grace the fweetly varied fcene. 
 
 And, if we confider the noble exercife of the chace which 
 this foreft admits of the large verdures and fhady plantations of 
 oak, beech, and other trees, that fo frequently abound in this 
 delightful fpot, ic muft be con felled that this park and foreft are 
 peculiarly adapted by nature to rural pleafure and delight ; and 
 that no juft idea can be formed of the many beauties that here, on 
 every fide, offer to our fight, by the belt defcription in profe ; our 
 great Englifh poet, Mr. Pope, only can truly paint out thefe 
 fylvan fcenes and delightful habitations; whofe Mufe, (whilft 
 himfelf refided in this Foreft) produced one of the fineft poems 
 in our language, on this fubjedt, and which he thus elegantly 
 introduces, 
 
 Thogroves of Eden, vanifb'd now fo long, 
 Live in defer -ipti on , and look green infong : 
 Thefe, was my breafi infpir'd with equal flame, 
 Like the?n in beauty, Jhould be like in fame. 
 Mere hills and vales, the woodland and the plain, 
 Here earth and water feem to meet again. 
 Not Chaos like, together crujh'd and bruised. 
 But, as the world, harmonioufly confus'd : 
 Where order in variety we fee* 
 And where, tho' all things differ, all agree. 
 Here waving groves a chequer 7 d fcene dijploy, 
 And part admit, and part exclude the day j — 
 There, inter fpers'd in lawns and opening glades 
 Thin trees arife, that Jhun each other' ' s Jhades. 
 Here in full light the rujfet plains extend ; 
 There wrapt in clouds the blueijh hills afcend 
 Ev'n the wi Id health difplayi her purple dyes, 
 And mid'jt the defart, fruitful fields arife, 
 That crown d with tufted trees and fpringing corn, 
 Like verdant ifles the fable wafle adorn. 
 
 Not proud Olympus yields a nobler fight, 
 Tho 1 Gods a(fembled grace his tow 1 ring height, 
 
 * Than 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 129 
 
 Than what more humble mountains offer here, 
 Where, in their bleffings, all thofe Gods appear. 
 
 Cranbourne Lodge in this neighbourhood, belonged alfo to 
 his late Royal Highnefs, as Ranger of the Foreft. This lodge 
 is moft pleafantly fituated, and has anextenfive piofpecT: over a 
 fine plain and country, forming a moft beautiful landscape. In 
 afpacious chamber of the houfe are painted and regularly ranged 
 in large pannels, the military drefles of the different corps in 
 the armies of Europe. The Duke of Gloucefter is the prefent 
 Ranger of the foreft, and great improvements have been made 
 to this lodge by his Highnefs. Oppofite to the front of this lodge 
 on the neighbouring plain, in the parifh of Wingfield, is a hand- 
 fome building eredted and endowed by the late Earl of Rane- 
 lagh, fome time Ranger of this foreft, for the education of 
 twenty boys and girls : on this pleafingfpot or part of the foreft 
 are the villas of the late Mr. Buckley, Lady Beauclerk, Mr,; 
 Mitford, and other gentlemen ; and at a fmall diftance Fern" 
 HUl offers to the fight on a delightful eminence. 
 
 St. Leonard's Hill is adjoining to the Duke's lodge, and re- 
 quires due notice, on account of the pleafing feat of Lillye 
 Aynfcombe, Efq; and the large plantation of oak and beech, 
 which here form the moft agreeable variety or face of nature. 
 On the fummit of the hill the Countefs of Waldegrave has 
 lately ere&ed a noble edifice, which commands a moft extenfive 
 and delightful profpecT: over the river Thames', and a moft beau- 
 tiful fruitful country. 
 
 Sunning Hill which is at a fmall diftance, is a very delightful 
 part of the foreft, and many gentlemen of fortune have here 
 pleafw£ villas or lodgings for the fummer feafon, to drink the 
 mineral waters, which in many cafes are deemed beneficial to 
 health. The wells are defigned with fome tafte, and are neatly 
 laid out: the afTembly- houfe is handfome and fpacious, with 
 pleafant gardens. Public breakfaftings are here every Monday 
 morning, and frequent afiemblies of gentlemen and ladies are 
 held for the benefit of agreeable converfation, and to partake of 
 the pleafing amiifements of the country. 
 
 Sivinley Lodg*, which is not far from Sunning Hill, be- 
 longs to the mafter of the buck- hounds. Here is always a 
 number of deer, under his care and direction, kept for the 
 royal chafe. He appoints the days of hunting, takes care of 
 the foreft deer, and the King's ftag and buck- hounds; and 
 
 R for 
 
130 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 for this purpofe has many inferior officers under him, who fu- 
 perintend the leveral parts of the foreft, divided into difFerent 
 walks or appointments. — Many other villages alio partake of the 
 pleafuresor" the foreft, and furround this royal caftle, as Ing- 
 ficld-grecn, Oid-Windfor, Datchet, &c. where gentlemen of 
 fortune have their country feats. Jn the neighbourhood of 
 Inefield-green., and on the decline of the plain, is Cooper's- 
 Hill, longfince celebrated by Sir John Denham.' 
 
 Old Windfor was formerly a place of note, and the refidence 
 of feveral of our Saxon monarchs before the time of William J. 
 who fixed upon the adjacent hill for his refidence; and by this 
 means, together with the Caffle, in a fhort time was railed a 
 new town, while this once royal refidence went to decay, and 
 retained little more than the honour of its antiquity, and giving 
 name to the whole country around, 
 
 The Hon. Mr. Bateman, Lord Mulgrave, Lady Primrofe, 
 and Colonel Montague, have here their refidence in the fum- 
 mer-fcafon : the houfes of the three firft are molt agreeably 
 iituated on the banks of the Thames, and have large walks and 
 gardens. The feat of Colonel Montague, called Beaumont 
 lodge, is on the hill, and commands a moll extenfive and de- 
 lightful profpe<5t of the river and country ; the gardens are large 
 and extend to Ingfield Green, that lies behind. Mr. B.tte- 
 man's Houfc is a cabinet, or uncommon collection, of curio- 
 ikies, chiefly antiques j by fome approved, by others held 
 too minute and inconfiderable. But upon the whole, this 
 houfe and gardens are a moll agreeable villa ; and the plan- 
 tations, or yew tree's ftiade, round the Church, add to the 
 plealing fcene, and together, form the molt inchanting rural 
 fpot. 
 
 Datchet) alfo a pleafant village, lies higher up the river, and 
 has the conveniency of a bridge built by Queen Anne, with an 
 entrance into Windfor little park. Thecourfe of the river, and 
 the road round the park wall is moll: agreeable, efpecially on 
 fummer evenings. This village has of late been much impro- 
 ved, and is inhabited by many gentlemen of fortune, on account 
 of its pleafant fituation and vicinity to Windfor. 
 
 ETON. 
 Though Eton is in a different county, namely, Bucking, 
 hamfliire, yet it may be faid to be one and the fame town 
 with Windfor, by the ready communication of a bridge over 
 
 the 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 th? river. It is pleafantly fituated on the banks of the Thames, 
 in a delightful valley, and is in a remarkable healthy foil. It 
 has long been celebrated fur the College here, which has pro- 
 duced a great number of eminent and learned men. Eton Col- 
 lege was founded by Henry VI. for the fupportof a provoft and 
 fL'ven fellows, one of whom is vice-provoft, and for the educa- 
 tion of feventy King's fcholars, as thofe are called, who are on 
 the foundation. Thefe when properly qualified, are elected 
 on the firft Tuefday in Augutt, to King's College, Cambridge! 
 but they are not removed, till there are vacancies in the Col- 
 lege, and then they are called according to feniority ; and after 
 they hav« been three years at Cambridge, they claim a fellow- 
 lhip. Befides thofe on the foundation, there are feldom lefs 
 than three hundred fchola-e, at this time there are many more, 
 w.ho board at the mailers houfes, or within the bounds of the 
 College. The fchool is divided into upper and lower, and each 
 of thefe into three clafTes. To each fchool there is a matter 
 and- four afiiftants or ufhers. The revenue of the College is 
 about 5000I. a year. Here is a noble library enriched by a fine 
 cohesion of books left by Dr. Waddington, Bifhop of Chef- 
 ter, valued at 2000I. and Lord Chief Juftice Reeves prefented 
 to this library the collection left him by Richard Topham, Efq; 
 keeper of the records in the Tower. In the great court is a 
 fine ftatue of the founder, erected at the expence of the late 
 provott Dr. Goldolphin, Dean of St. Paul's. The chapel is in 
 a good ttyle of Gothic architecture. The fchools and other 
 parts, which are in the other ttyle of building, are equally well, 
 and feem like the defign of Inigo Jones. 
 
 DITTON PARK. 
 
 The ancient and venerable manfion fo called, which is fitua- 
 ted in the parifh of Datcbet. was built by Sir Ralph Winwood, 
 fecretary of {fate to King James I. It came afterwards into 
 the family of Montagu, and on the death of the late Duke, this 
 houfe and manor of Datchet came to the Durchefs of M;.n- 
 chefter, eldett daughter and joint heirefs to that noble farni'y- 
 The houfe is built in the form of a cattle, furrounded by a lar-c 
 moat of water, and in the middle of a pleafant park, well 
 planted with timber; the apartments are large, and beautifully 
 painted, and in the picture gallery is a good collection of paint- 
 ings, many of them by the firft matters. Lord Beauli-u married 
 the Dutchcfs of Manchefter, and hat mu :h improved the houfe 
 and gardens. 
 
 & 2 There 
 
A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 There are alfo feveral other fine feats in this neighbourhood J 
 particularly Lang ley Park, the feat of the Duke of Marl- 
 borough. The houfe is a noble edifice built by the late Duke, 
 all of fione, has commodious offices, and is mod agreeably de- 
 signed, fituated in a large park, with ftiady walks, and has a 
 beautiful lawn and canal : the banqueting-houfe on the rifing 
 ground of the park, adds to the profpedr, from the terrace of 
 Windfor Caftle. 
 
 At a fmall diftance is Percy Lodge, the feat of the Earl of 
 Tankerville. This was tfre refidence of the late Dutchefs of 
 Somerfet, after the deceafe of the Duke. The gardens and 
 park are large, and beautifully defigned. 
 
 Langley-Green, Wexham, and Stoke-Green are in this neigh- 
 bourhood. In the firft mentioned green, Lord Granard has 
 lately built a commodious and elegant feat j and in thefe villages 
 are many agreeable houfes of gentlemen of fortune, who con- 
 ftantly refide here : in the laft mentioned green General How- 
 ard has a moft pleafant feat and gardens. 
 
 Stoke-Houfe lately belonged to the Lady Cobham, but on her 
 deceafe was purchafed by Mr. Penn, one of the proprietors and 
 governors of Pennfylvania. It is an ancient and noble edifice, 
 with a large and pleafant park ; and adjoining to the houfe is the 
 parifh church of Stoke, and a neat hofpital, built and endowed 
 by a Countefsof Huntingdon, for thefupport and maintenance 
 of twelve old and indigentperfons of both fexes. The fcite of this 
 ancient hofpital has of late been removed, and a new one built 
 in an adjoining convenient part of the neighbourhood, by Mr. 
 Penn. — Baileys^ not far from hence, is an agreeable feat belong- 
 ing to the Earl of Gedolphin. 
 
 Farnham aud Eaji-Burnbam are pleafant villages, and have 
 many agreeable houfes and villas, particularly the elegant houfe 
 and gardens of Mr. Charles Eyre. Near Burnham is Hitcham- 
 Houfe y fituated in a valley, which was formerly the country re- 
 fidence of that learned phyfician, Dr. Friend, to whofe family 
 it at prefent belongs, but is now in the pofleflion of Lady Wind- 
 for. The gardens are large, and well defigned ; and in the hall 
 is an original painting of the late Queen Caroline, which that 
 Princefs prefented to Dr. Friend, 
 
 The village of Taploe, which is not far diftant, is of fo 
 pleafant a lituation, that it has caufed many gentlemen of 
 rortune of late to refide here, who have built very agreea- 
 ble houfes. The manor-rhonfe on the fummit of the hill is an 
 
 antient 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 133 
 
 antient and noble building, and enjoys a moft beautiful profpe£l 
 over the country, and the river Thames, which runs under- 
 neath. This houfe belongs to the Earl of Inchiquin, whore- 
 fided here during the life of the late Prince of Wales ; but on 
 his highnefs's death, his lordfhip removed to Cliefden Houfe, in 
 the neighbourhood. 
 
 CLIEFDEN. HOUSE. 
 This feat, which is in Buckinghamshire, five miles north- 
 weft of Windfor, is remarkable, both on account of its molt 
 beautiful fituation, and alfo becaufe it was the ordinary refidence 
 of the late Prince of Wales, father to the prefent King. The 
 -houfe was built by George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, in 
 the reign of King Charles II. and came by marriage of the heir- 
 efs of that family to the late Earl of Orkney, who greatly im- 
 proved both the houfe and gardens, which were alfo farther ex- 
 tended and enlarged by the late Prince of Wales, and made moft 
 delightful, inlomuch that in every part, or wherever the eye is 
 turned, nothing offers to the fight but the moft agreeable ave- 
 nues, parterres, and fine lawns, and thefe heightened byanex- 
 tenfive view of the river Thames, and a moft beautiful and well 
 cultivated country : the houfe is a ftately regular edifice, and 
 the rooms fpacious and noble : in the grand chamber the tapeftry 
 hangings reprefent the battles of the late Duke of Marlborough, 
 wrought to great perfection, by order of the late Earl of Ork- 
 ney, who was himfelf an officer of fuperioi* rank in thofe glori- 
 ous campaigns ; on the front of the houfe is raifed a moft noble 
 terrace or walk, which is faid to be higher than the terrace of 
 Windfor Caftle ; it is certain, the profpedl: here is equally ex- 
 tenfiveand beautiful. 
 
 Dawney Court is the feat of Sir Charles Palmer, Bart, 
 of the family of Roger Palmer, Earl of Caftlemain, who was 
 fent by King James II. on the coftly embafly to Rome in the 
 year 1687 ; and the magnificent ftate-coach, made ufe of by 
 that nobleman on that ignominious occafion, was many years 
 kept here. 
 
 Undercombe is the agreeable feat of Thomas Eyre, Efq; 
 and here are alfo the ruins of the antient nunnery of Burnham. 
 It was of the order of St. Auftui, and confifted of an abbefs, 
 and feven or eight nuns. It was founded by Richard, King 
 of the Romans, in the year 11 65, and dedicated to the Virgin 
 Mary. 
 
 COLE- 
 
*34 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 COLEBROOK, or COLN BROOK. 
 This town, part of which is in Buckinghamfhire, and part 
 in Middlefex, is eighteen miles from London. It ftands on four 
 channels of ths river Coin, over each of which it has a bridge. 
 The principal fupport of the place are the inns, on account of 
 its being in the Bath road. The market is on Wednefdays, and 
 a fair is held here the third week in Apiil. Here is a charity- 
 fchool, and an ancient chapel, faid to have been founded by 
 King Edward III. 
 
 UXBRIDGE. 
 
 p This is a town in Middlefex, in the road to Oxford, eigh- 
 teen miles and an half from London. Though it is entirely 
 independent, and is governed by two bailifts, two conftables, 
 and four headboroughs, it is only a hamlet to Great Hillingdon. 
 The river Coin runs through it in two'ftreams, full of trout, 
 eels, and other fifh, and over the main ftrcam is a Hone bridge 
 that leads into Buckinghamfhire. The church, or rather chapel, 
 was built in the reign of Henry VI. This town has many good 
 inns, and is particularly diftinguiflied by the whitenefs of the 
 bread, particularly their rolls. There are many corn mills at 
 a fmall diftance, and a confiderable number of waggon loads of 
 meal are carried from thence every week to London. Uxbridge 
 gives the title of Earl to the noble family of Paget. 
 
 At the village of Hillingdon, which is a mile from Ux- 
 bridge, is a church wherein lies buried John Lord Strange, who 
 married Jaquetta, filter to Elizabeth, Queen of England, wife 
 of King Edward I. \ 
 
 RICKMANSWORT H. 
 
 This is a town in Hertfordfhire, at the diftance of nineteen 
 miles from London, It is fituated in a low moorifh foil on the 
 borders oi r Buckinghamfhire, near the river Coin. It has a 
 market on Saturday, and is governed by a conftable and two 
 headboroughs. The feveral mills on the ftreams near this town 
 caufe a great quantity of wheat to be brought to it. Here is a 
 charity fchool for twenty boys and ten girls, with an almshouse 
 for five widows, and another for four. In the neighbourhood 
 is a warren hill, where the found of a trumpet is repeated twelve 
 
 times by the echo. 
 
 3 MOOR 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 135 
 
 MOOR PARK. 
 Near Rickmanfworth, on the left, is Moor Park, which 
 was the feat of Lord Anfon, but at prefent belongs to Sir Law- 
 rence Dundas, Bart. The park Is not large, but is very beau- 
 tiful, whether we confider it within itfelf or with regard to the 
 fine and extenfive profpects from it. The houfe was originally- 
 built by Cardinal Wolfey, and, paffing through many hands, 
 was afterwards in pofleffion of the Duke of Monmouth. Then 
 :t came into the hands of Mr. Stiles, who enlarged, repaired, 
 and beautified it, under the direction of Sir James Thornhill. 
 ''t {lands on a hill, not quite on the fummit. Jt is of ftone of 
 the Corinthian order ; and, if not in the higheft ftile of archi- 
 tecture, is yet very noble. The louth, or principal front, has 
 a portico and pediment of four columns. The offices are 
 joined to the houfe by a beautiful circular colonade o( the Ionic 
 order, which terminates very elegantly with domes on each fide 
 their entrance. 
 
 WATFORD. 
 
 This is a market-town in Hertfordfhire, fixteen miles from 
 London. It is fituated upon the river Coin, where is has two 
 ftreams that run feparately to Rickmanfworth. The town is 
 very long, but confifts of only one ftrcet, which is extremely 
 dirty in winter, and the waters of the jiver at the entrance of 
 the town, were frequently fo much fvvelled by floods as to be 
 impaiTable; but in the year 1750, the toad at the en- 
 trance of Watford was railed by a voluntary contribution ; 
 by which means the river is now confined within its proper 
 bounds. In the church are fever al handfome monuments ; 
 there are alfo a free-fchool and fcveral alms-houfes belonging to 
 the town. 
 
 CASHIOBURY PARK. 
 
 This is a little beyond Watford, on the left, and is faid to 
 h ive been the leat of the Kings of Mercia, during the Heptar- 
 chy, till Offa gave it to the manafteiy of St. Aiban's. Henry 
 VIII. bellowed it on Richard Morifoi), Efq; from whom it pal- 
 fed to Arthur Lord Cape], Baron of Hadham, and from him 
 carne by inheritance to be the rmnor of the Eail^ of Effex, 
 who have here a noble leat in the form of an H, with a large 
 park adorned with fine woods and walks j the gardens were 
 
136 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 planted and la : d out by Le Notre in the reign of King Charles IT. 
 The front and one fide are of brick and modern, the other fide 
 is very old. 
 
 SAINT ALBAN's. 
 
 This is a large and very ancient town in Hertfordfhire, twen- 
 ty-one miles from London, and was fo called from St. Alban, 
 who fuffered in the perfecution under Dioclefian, and being af- 
 terwards canonized, and interred on a hill in the neighbourhood 
 of this town, a monaftery was ere&ed and dedicated to him by 
 King Offa. King Edward I. erecled a magnificent crofs here 
 in memory of Queen Eleanor j and King Edward VI. incor- 
 porated this town by a charter, granting the inhabitants a mayor, 
 a fteward, a chamberlain, and ten burgeffes ; but the mayor 
 and (reward are here the only Juftices of Peace. Here are three 
 churches, befides the ancient cathedral called St. Alban's be- 
 longing to the monaftery, which is now a parifh church. 
 
 In this ancient edifice is a funeral monument and effigies of 
 King Offa, its founder, who is reprefented feated on his throne j 
 and underneath is the following infcription : 
 
 Fundator Ecclefiae circa annum 793. 
 Quern male depidtum, et refidentem cernkis alte 
 Sublimem folio, Mercius Offa fuit. 
 
 That is, 
 
 The founder of the church, about the year 793. 
 Whom you behold ill-painted on his throne 
 Sublime, was once for Mercian Offa known. 
 
 on the eaft fide flood the fhrme of St. Alban, where the follow- 
 ing fhort infcription isftill to befeen-; 
 
 S. Albanus Verolamensis, Anglorum Proto* 
 martyr, I7junii 293. 
 
 In the fouth ifle near the above fhrine is the monument of 
 Humphry, brother to King Henry V. commonly diftinguifhed 
 by the title of the good Duke of Gloucefter. It is adorned 
 with a ducal coronet, and the arms of France and England 
 quartered. In niches on one fide are feventeen Kings ; but irf 
 the niches on the other fide there are no ftatues remaining. The 
 infcription, which alludes to the pretended miraculous cure of a 
 blind man detected by the Duke, is as follows : 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 137 
 
 Piae Memoriae V. Opt. Sacrum. 
 Hicjacet Humphredus, Duxille Gloceftrius olim, 
 Henrici Sexti protestor, fraudis ineptae 
 Dete&or, dum fi&a notat miracula cceci. 
 Lumen erat patriae, columen venerabile regni, 
 Pacis amans, Mufifque favens melioribus ^ unde 
 Gratum opus Oxonio, quae nunc fcholafacra refulget. 
 Invida fed mulier regno, regi, fibi nequam, 
 Abftulit hunc, humili vix hoc dignata fepulcro. 
 Invidia rumpente tamen, poft funera vivit. 
 
 Which has been t^us tranflated : 
 
 Sacred to the memory of the beji of men. 
 Interr'd within this confecrated ground, 
 Lies he, whom Henry his protector found : 
 Good Humphry, Gloc'fter's Duke, who well could fpy 
 Fraud couch'd within the blind impoftor'seye. 
 His country's light, the ftate's rever'd fupport, 
 Who peace and rifing learning deign'd to court ; 
 Whence his rich library at Oxford plac'd, 
 Her ample fchools with facred influence grac'd : 
 Yet fell beneath an envious woman's wile, 
 Both to herfelf, her King, and country vile ; 
 Who fcarce allowed his bones this piece of land j 
 Yet fpite of envy fhall his glory ftand. 
 
 About fifty years ago in digging a grave, a pair of flairs were 
 discovered that led down into a vault where a leaden coffin was 
 found, in which his body was preferved entire, by a kind of pic- 
 kle in which it lay, only the flefti was wafted from the legs, the 
 pickle at that end being dried up. Many curious medals and 
 coins are to be feen in the church, that have been dug out of the 
 ruins of Old Yerulam that flood on the other fide of the river 
 Ver, or Moore, which runs fouth weft of the town. 
 
 In the chancel of St. Michael's church in this town, there is 
 a neat monument of white marble, erected to the memory of 
 the famous Lord Bacon, by Sir Thomas Meautys, who was 
 his Lordfhip's fecretary. This nobleman, though he had fome 
 confiderable failings as a man, and as a ftatefman, pofiefled 
 one of the moft comprehenfive underftandings, and was one 
 of thegreateft philofophers, that have appeared in this, or in 
 any other country. On his monument his Lord ftiip is re- 
 
 S prefented 
 
,A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 preferred fitting in a chair, in a contemplative and his 
 ufual pofture, one hand fupporting his head, the other hang- 
 ing over the arm of the chair, and underneath the following in- 
 fcription : 
 
 FRANCISCUS BACON, 
 Barode Verulam, San&i Albani Vicecomes ; 
 Seu notioribus titulis, 
 Scientiarium Lumen, Facundiae Lex, 
 Sic fedebat. 
 
 Qui poftquam omnia naturalis fapientiae, 
 Et civilis arcana evolviffet, 
 Nature Decretum Explevit, 
 
 Compofita Solvantur ; 
 Anno Domini, M.DC.XXVI. 
 #tatis LXVI. 
 
 Tanti Viri 
 Mem. 
 
 Thomas Meautys, 
 Superftitis Cultor, 
 Defunfti Admirator, 
 H. P. 
 
 Which may be thus tranflated : 
 
 FRANCIS BACON, 
 Baron of Verulam, Vifcount St. Alban's; 
 Or by more confpicuous titles, 
 Of Lciences the Light, of Eloquence the Law, 
 Sat thus. 
 
 Who after all natural wifdom, 
 And fecrets of civil life he had unfolded, 
 Nature's law fulfilled, 
 Let Compounds be dijfolvedy 
 In the year of our Lord, M.DC.XXVI. 
 Of his age, LXVI. 
 
 To the Memory of fo Great a Man, 
 Thomas Meautys, 
 Living his Attendant, 
 Dead his Admirer, 
 Hath placed this Monument. 
 
 The 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 139 
 
 The town of St. Alban's is built in an irregular manner ; 
 but the fituation is pleafant and healthy, and there are many good 
 inns in the place for the accommodation of travellers, it being 
 on the great north road to Coventry, Birmingham, Chefter, 
 Nottingham, Derby, &c. There was befides the abbey, a fmall 
 nunnery in this town, with feveral chapels and chantries ; but 
 they are all entirely demolifhed. The late Dutchefs of Marl- 
 borough built a fine houfe in the neighbourhood of this town, 
 which now belongs to her great grandfon, Earl Spencer. She 
 likewife built fome good alms-houfes, and a charity fchool for 
 children. 
 
 Thit town is a particular diftrict of itfelf, and its jurifdi£tion 
 extends over feveral towns and parifhes, even as far as Barnet. 
 It has fent members to parliament from the earlieft times, and 
 is governed by a mayor, high-fteward, recorder, twelve al- 
 dermen, and twenty-four afiiftants. The weekly market 
 is on Saturday, and here are three fairs annually, viz. on the 
 25th of March, on the 17th of June, and on the 29th of Sep- 
 tember, 
 
 Gorhambury, a little to the weft of St. Alban's, was 
 formerly the paternal eftate of the great Lord Bacon, concern- 
 ing whom we have lately fpoken, and is now the feat of the 
 Lord Vifcount Grimfton. 
 
 HATFIELD 
 
 Is a town in Hertfordfhire, nineteen miles from London, 
 and was formerly called Biftiop's Hatfield, from its belonging 
 to the bifbops of Ely. Here was once a royal palace, from 
 whence both Edward VI. and Queen Elizabeth were condu&ed 
 to the throne. It is a place of great antiquity ; for h ap- 
 pears from our hiftorians, that an ccclefiaftical fynod was 
 held here in the year 681. The church is a venerable Gothic 
 ftru&urc, built in the form of a crofs ; and at the end of the 
 chancel is an antient chapel. On the weft end is a tower, and 
 in it a ring of five large bells. There are many curious monu- 
 ments in this church, and the living is reckoned one of the 
 richeft in England. 
 
 The town does not contain any remarkable buildings, nor is 
 it verv populous; but here are two charity-fchools, well en- 
 dowed. Here is a weekly market on Thurfday, and two an- 
 nual fairs, one on the 23d of April, and another on the 18th 
 of Odober. 
 
 S 2, The 
 
140 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 The Earl of Salifbury has here a noble feat built by the 
 geat Lord Burleigh, called Hatfield-House. The park 
 and gardens, in which is a vineyard, is watered by the river 
 Lea. 
 
 BARNET. 
 
 This town, which is eleven miles from London, is fome- 
 tiroes called High Barnet, from its fituation on a hill ; and was 
 alfo formerly called Chipping, or Cheaping-Barnet, from King 
 Henry the Second's granting the monks of St. Alban's the pri- 
 vilege of holding a market here, the word Cheap, or Chepe, be- 
 ing an ancient word for a market. It is at prefent a great tho- 
 roughfare, being fituated in the road to St. Alban's, and the 
 firft ftage on the great north road. It has feveral good inns, 
 with a great number of public houfes j and many confiderable 
 farmers live in the neighbourhood. 
 
 The town is long, and the church, which (lands in the mid- 
 dle of it, is a very ancient ftru&ure. Here is a free-fchool 
 founded by Queen Elizabeth, and endowed partly by that Prin- 
 cefs, and partly by Alderman Owen of London, whofe addi- 
 tional endowment is paid by the fifhmongers company. Here 
 is alfo an alms-houfe founded and endowed by James Ravenf- 
 croft, Efq; for fix widows. But what Barnet is moft noted 
 for at prefent is, its races in the month of Auguft, which laft 
 three days, and are frequented by vaft numbers of all ranks of 
 people from London. 
 
 The weekly market at Barnet is on Monday, and it has two 
 annual fairs, each of which holds three days ; the firft is on the 
 8th, 9th, and 10th of April ; and the fecond on the 4th, 5th, 
 and 6th of September, for Welch and Scotch cattle. 
 
 Barnet is famous for being the place where the decifive battle 
 was fought between the houfes of York and Lancafter, on 
 Eafter-day, 1471, in which the great Earl of Warwick, Itiled 
 the King-maker*, was flain, with many others of the prin- 
 cipal nobility. The place fuppofed to be the field of battle, is 
 a green fpot, a little before the meeting of the St. Alban's and 
 Hatfield roads; and here, in the year 1740, an obelifk was 
 erected by Sir Jeremy Sambrooke, on which is the following 
 infcription : 
 
 » Vid. P. 95, 96. 
 
 Here 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 141 
 
 Here was 
 Fought the 
 Famous Battle 
 Between Edward 
 the 4th, and the 
 Earl of W a R w 1 c k, 
 April the 14th, 
 Anno 147 1, 
 In which the Earl 
 was defeated, 
 and flain. 
 
 About two miles north-weft from Barnet is Derchams, which 
 was the feat of the late Earl of Albemarle. 
 
 Eljiree, Idlejlree or Eagle/tree, (for it has been called by all 
 thefe names,) a village near Barnet, upon the borders of Mid- 
 dlefex, is thought by Norden to have been the ftation of Sullo- 
 niaas, mentioned by Antonius in his Itinerary, as at the diftance 
 of twelve miles from London : but Mr. Camden and Biftiop 
 Gibfon think it was at Brockley-hill in this neigbourhood, 
 many coins, urns, Roman bricks, and other antiquities, having 
 been dug up there. 
 
 Totteridge has been adorned with fine feats belonging the ci- 
 tizens of London, from the time of King James f. The Sax- 
 ons gave it the name from its fituation on the top of a hill. 
 There was anciently a monaftery here. 
 
 Edgeivare, which is a town eleven miles from London, in the 
 road to St. Alban's, is fituated on the very edge of the county 
 of Middlefex. The old Roman way,- called Watling-Street, 
 pafTes by here from London. 
 
 Harrow on the Hill, is fituated in the county of Middlefex, 
 twelve miles north-weft of London. It is famous for a free- 
 fchool founded by Mr. John Lyons, in the reign of Queen Eli- 
 zabeth ; and every 4th of Augufta felecl: number of the fcho- 
 lars, dreffed in the habit of archers, come with their bows, and 
 Ihoot at a mark for a filver arrow. 
 
 K ENSINGTON. 
 
 This is a large and populous village in Middlefex, about 
 two miles from Hyffe Park Corner, part of which is in the 
 parifh of St. Margaret's, Weftminfter. The palace, which 
 
 was 
 
142 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 was the feat of the Lord Chancellor Finch, afterwards Earl of 
 Nottingham, was purchafed by King William, who greatly 
 improved it, and caufed a royal road to be made to it, through 
 St. James's and Hyde Parks, with lamp potts erected at equal 
 diftances on each fide. Queen. Mary enlarged the gardens; 
 her fifter Queen Anne improved what Mary had begun, and 
 was fo pleafed with the place, that fhe frequently fupped du- 
 ring the fummer in the green-houfe, which is a very beautiful 
 one; but her late Majefty Queen Caroline compleated the de- 
 fign, by extending the gardens from the great road in Kenfmg- 
 ton to Acton; by bringing what is called the Serpentine river 
 into them, and by taking in fome acres out of Hyde Park, on 
 which fhe caufed » mount to be railed, with a chair upon it, 
 that could be eafily turned round, fo as to afford fhelter from 
 the wind. This mount is furrounded with a grove of ever- 
 greens, and commands a fine view over the gardens to the fou h 
 and weft. In fhort, thefe gardens, which are three miles and a 
 half in compafs, are kept in great order, and in fummer -time are 
 reforted to by great numbers of people. The palace indeed has 
 none of that grandeur, which might be expected in the refidence 
 of a Britifh Monarch ; its nearnefs to the town makes it very 
 convenient, but it is very irregular in point of architecture. 
 However the royal apartments are grand, and fome of the pic- 
 tures are very fine. 
 
 On palling the bafe court, you enter through a large portico 
 into a ftone gallery, that leads to the great ftdir cafe, which is 
 a very fine one, and confilts of feveral flights of black maible 
 lteps, adorned with iron balufters finely wrought. The punt- 
 ing here affords the view of feveral balconies with groups of 
 figures reprefenting yeomen of the guard, and fpectators, among 
 whom aredrawn Mr. Ulrick, commonly ca'.led the young Turk, 
 in the Polonefe drefs in which he waited on his late Majefty 
 King George I. Peter, the wild youth, &c. The flair caie is 
 richly decorated and painted by Mr. Kent. 
 
 The firft room is hung with very fine tapeftry, reprefenting 
 thegoddefs Diana, hunting and killing the wild boar. Over 
 the chimney is a picture in a grand tafte, reprefenting one 
 of the Graces in the character of Painting, receiving in- 
 flations from Cupid. This piece is faid to be done by 
 Guido Reni. In one corner of the room is a marble fla- 
 tue of Venus, with an apple in her hand ; and in another is 
 the ftatue of Bacchus, whofe head is finely executed; but 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 143 
 
 the body, which is inferior to it, feems to be done by another 
 hand. 
 
 The fecond room has its ceiling painted with Minerva, fur- 
 rounded by the arts and fciences, by Mr. Kent. Over the chim- 
 ney is a very fine piece reprefenting Cupid admiring Pfyche, 
 ■while fhe is afleep, by Vandyke. On each fide of the room 
 are hung feveral pictures, as King Henry VHI. and the Comp- 
 troller of his houfhold, by Holbein : a three quarter picture of 
 King Charles I. and another of his Queen, by Vandyke: the 
 Duke and Duchefs of York, by Sir Peter Lely : as alfo King 
 William and Queen Mary, when Prince and Princels of Orange, 
 over the doors by the fame hand. 
 
 The third room, which was the late Queen's apartment, is 
 adorned with very beautiful tapeftry, reprefenting a Dutch win- 
 ter piece, and the various diverfions peculiar to the natives of 
 Holland, done by Mr. Vanderbank. Over the chimney is an 
 admirable picture of King Charles II. King James II. and their 
 lifter the Princefs of Orange, when children, by Vandyke. 
 
 In the fourth room is the picture of a battle or fkirmifh be- 
 tween the Germans and Italians, by Holbein. Another of 
 Danae defcending in a (hower of gold, and another of the wi- 
 dow Eliot finely executed by our countryman Riley. 
 
 In the fifth room is a picture of the crucifixion, and another 
 of our Saviour laid on the crofs, both by Titian : of our Savi- 
 our calling St. Matthew from the receipt of cuftoms, by Anni- 
 bal Caracci j and of his healing the lick in the temple, by Ver- 
 rio : a picture of Henry IV. of France, by Titian : two heads 
 of Queen Mary I. and Queen Elizabeth, when children, by 
 Holbein : the late Queen Anne, when an infant, by Sir Peter 
 Lely: and feveral heads by Raphael. 
 
 In the fixrh room, or rather gallery, are the pictures of 
 King Henry VIII. and Queen Katharine of Arragon, both by 
 Holbein : King Philip of Spain, and Queen Mary, by the 
 fame hand: King James I. by Vandyke: King Charles II. 
 the face by Sir Peter Lely : Queen El.zabeth in a Chinefe 
 drefs, drawn when fhe was a prifoner at Wooditock : King 
 James II. when Duke of York, and another of his Queen, 
 both by Sir Peter Lely: King William and Queen Mary in 
 their coronation robes, by Sir Godfrey Kneller. Sir God- 
 frey was knighted' on his painting thefe pictures ; King Wil- 
 liam being doubtlefs pleafed with fo fine a picture of his 
 Queen. The next is Queen Anne, after Sir Godfrey Knel- 
 
144 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY O * 
 
 ler : and a picture of Queen Caroline, which is but poorly exe- 
 cuted. In this room is a curious amber cabinet, in a glafs cafe ; 
 and at the upper end a beautiful orrery, lilcewife in a glafs 
 cafe. 
 
 Thefeventh, which is called the Cupalo room, has a ftar in 
 the center, and the ceiling all around is adorned with paintings 
 in mofaic : round the room are placed at proper diftances, eight 
 buftos of ancient poets, and fix ftafues of the heathen gods and 
 goddefles at full lengh, gilt. Over the chimney piece is a curi- 
 ous bas relief in marble, reprefenting a Roman marriage, with 
 a bufto of Cleopatra, by Mr. Ryfbrack. 
 
 In the King's great drawing-room, over the chimney, is a 
 very fine picture of St. Francis adoring the infant Jefus, held in 
 the lap of the Virgin Mary, Jofeph attending, the whole per- 
 formed by Sir Peter Paul Rubens. In this room are alfo the 
 holy family, finely painted by Paul Veronefe : three priefts, by 
 Tintoret : a noble picture of St. Agnes over one of the doors, 
 by Domenichino : St. John Baptift's head, Mary Magdalen, 
 and a naked Venus, all by Titian : a Venus in a fupine pofture, 
 Healing an arrow out of Cupid's quiver, with beautiful orna- 
 ments in the high gufto of the Greek antique, reprefenting 
 Love and the Drama, by Jacoba da Puntormo ; upon the ori- 
 ginal out-lines of the great Michael Angelo Buonaroti : a picture 
 of Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, and his younger brother, 
 when boys, one of the capital pieces of Vandyke : two large 
 pictures by Guido Reni, one of Venus dreffing by the Graces ; 
 the other of Andromeda chained to a rock : our Saviour in the 
 manger, by Ba/Tan ; and a picture of part of the holy family, 
 by Paima, the elder. 
 
 The ceiling of this room, in which there is fuch a mixture 
 of facred and prophane pieces, is painted with the ftory of Ju- 
 piter and Semele. 
 
 In the ftate chamber, the bed is of crimfon damafk ; and oyer 
 the chimney is a picture of our Saviour and St. John Baptift, 
 by Raphael. 
 
 In the {fate dreffing- room the hangings are all of needle-work; 
 a prefent from the Queen of Pruflia. Here is a picture of Ed- 
 ward VI. by Holbein ; of a young nobleman of Venice, by 
 Tintoret : another young nobleman of the fame place, by Tin- 
 toret ; and Titian's lady, painted by himfelf. 
 
 The paintsd gallery is adorned with many admirable pieces, 
 i At 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 145 
 
 At the end is King Charles I. on a white horfe, with the 
 Duke d'Efpernon holding his helmet ; the King is an auguft 
 and noble figure, with fome dcjeclton in his countenance ; the 
 triumphal arch, curtain, and other parts of the back ground, 
 are finely executed, and fo kept, that the King is the principal 
 figure that ftrikes the eye ; and at a little diftance it has more of 
 the life than a picture. 
 
 Fronting this picture, at the other end of the gallery, is 
 the fame King with his Queen, and two children, King 
 Charles II. when a child, and King James II. an infant, in 
 the Queen's lap. The King's paternal tendernefs is finely ex- 
 prefled, his fon (landing at his knee; the Queen's counten- 
 ance is expreffive of refpect towards his Majefty, and a fond 
 care of her child, which fhe feems to defire the King to look 
 on. The infant is exquifitely performed ; the vacancy of 
 thought in the face, and the inactivity of the hands, are equal 
 to life itfelf at that age. Thefe two admirable pieces were done 
 by Vandyke. 
 
 One of the next capital pictures in this gallery is Efther 
 fainting before King Ahafuerus, painted by Tintoret. All the 
 figures are finely drawn and richly drefled in the Venetian man- 
 ner; for the Venetian fchool painted all their hiftorical figures 
 in their own habits, thinking them more noble and pidlurefque 
 than any other. 
 
 The next piece is the nine mufes in concert, finely drawn by 
 the fame mafter. 
 
 Midas preferring Pan to Apollo, is a fine piece, by Andrea 
 Schiavone ; but it is a good deal hurt by time ; the figures how- 
 ever are well drawn and coloured ; and the affectation of judg- 
 ment in Midas is finely exprefied. 
 
 The fhepherds offering gifts to Chrifr, St. John in prifon, the 
 ftory of the woman of Samaria, and John Baptilt's head are 
 fine pieces, by Old Pal ma. 
 
 Noah's flood, by Baffan, is a mafterly performance. 
 
 Over the chimney is a madona, by Raphael, which, though 
 a fmall piece, gives a very high idea of that great mafter's abi- 
 lities. There is alfo in this gallery a madona, by Vandyke, 
 which is exquifitely performed. 
 
 The other pictures here are, the birth of Jupiter, a fine 
 piece, bv Julio Romano ; a Cupid whetting his arrow, by An- 
 nibal Caracci ; and a Venus and Cupid, by Titian. 
 
 T 
 
 CHEL 
 
146 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 CHELSEA. 
 
 This ts -a very large and populous village, two miles from 
 London, pleafantly fituated on the banks of the Thames, and 
 oppofite to Batterfea, to which it is ioi'n&d by a bridge tha*: has 
 been lately erected. But what ismoft remarkable here is Chel- 
 sea Hospital, which is a noble edifice erected for the inva- 
 lids in the land fervice. The original building on this fpot was 
 a college founded by Dr. SutclifT, Dean of Exeter, in the 
 reign of King James I. for the ftudy of Polemic divinity, and 
 was endowed to fupport a Provoft and Fellows, for the in- 
 ftru&ion of youth in that branch of learning. The King, 
 who laid the firft ftone, gave many of the materials, and pro- 
 moted the work by a large fum of money, and the clergy were 
 very liberal on the fame occafion j but the fum fettled upon the 
 foundation by Dr. Sutcliff being far unequal to the end pro- 
 pofed, the reft was left to private contributions ; and thefe com- 
 ing in flowly, the work was flopped before it was finifhed, and 
 therefore foon fell to ruin. At length the ground on which the 
 old college was erected, becoming efcheated to the crown, Charles 
 11. began to erect the prefent hofpital, which was carried on by 
 James JI. and compleated by William and Mary. 
 
 The whole edifice, which was built by the great Sir Chrifto- 
 pher Wren, confifts of a vaft range of buildings. The front 
 towards the north opens into a piece of ground laid out in 
 walks for the penfioners ; and that facing the fouth into a gar- 
 den which extends to the Thames, and is kept in good order. 
 This fide affords not only a view of that fine river, but of the 
 county of Surry beyond it. In the center of this edifice is a 
 pediment fupported by four columns, over which is a hand- 
 fome turret, and through this part is an opening which leads 
 through the building. On one fide of this entrance is the chapel, 
 the furniture and plate of which were given by King James I. 
 and On the other fide is the hall, where all the penfioners dine 
 in common, the officers by themfelves. In this hall is the pic- 
 ture of King Charles II. on horfeback, with feveral other pieces 
 as large as the life,' defigned by Signior Verrio, and finifhed by 
 Mr. Cook. Thefe were prefented by the Earl of Ranelagh. 
 The pavement of both the chapel and hall are black and whits 
 marble. The altar piece in the chapel is the refurreclion, 
 painted by Sebaftian Ricci. 
 
 The wings, which extend eafr, and weft, join the chapel 
 
 and 
 
 \ 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 147 
 
 and hall to the north, and are open towards the Thames, on 
 the fouth; thefe are near 360 feet in length, and about 80 in 
 breadth, they are three ftories high, and the rooms are fo well 
 difpofed, and the air fo happily thrown in by means of the open 
 fpaces, that hardly any thing can be more pleafant. On the 
 front of this fquare is a colonade extending along the fide of the 
 hall and chapel, over which upon the cornice is the following 
 infcription in capitals : 
 
 In fubfidium et levamen emeritorum fenio^ belloque fraciorwn^ 
 condidit Carolus II. Anxit JacobUs II. Perfecere Gu- 
 lielmus et Maria, Rex et Regina y MDCXC. 
 
 And in the midft of the quadrangle is the ftatue of King 
 Charles II. in the antient Roman drefs, fomewhat bigger than 
 the life, {landing upon a marble pedeftal. This was given by 
 Mr. Tobias Ruftat, and is laid to have coft 500I. 
 
 There are feveral large buildings adjoining, that form two 
 other large fquares, and confift of apartments for the offices s 
 and fervants of thehoufe, for old maimed officers of horfe and 
 foot, and the infirmary for the ficlc. 
 
 . An air of neatnefs and elegance is obfervable in all thefe 
 buildings. They are compofed of brick and ftone, and which 
 way foever they are viewed, there appears fuch a difpofition of 
 the parts as is belt fuited to the purpofes of the charity, the re^> 
 ception of a great number, and the providing them with every 
 thing that can contribute to the convenience and pleafureuf the 
 penfioners. 
 
 Chelfea Hofpital is more particularly remarkable for its great 
 regularity and proper fubordination of parts, which is very ap- 
 parent in the north front. The middle is very principal, and 
 the tranfition from hence to the extremities, is very eafy and 
 delightful. 
 
 The expence of erecting thefe buildings is computed to 
 amount to i5o>oool, and the extent of the ground is above 
 forty acres. 
 
 In the wings are fixteen wards, in which are accommoda- 
 tions for above 400 men, and there are befides in the other 
 buildings, a.confiderable number of apartments for officers and 
 fervants. 
 
 Thefe penfioners confift of fuperannuated veterans, who have 
 been at leaft twenty years in the army ; or thofe foldiers who 
 are difabled in the fervice of the crown. They wear red coats 
 lined with blue, and are provided with all other cloaths, diet, 
 Wafting and lodging. The Governor has 500I, a year; the 
 
 T z kieu- 
 
148 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 Lieutenant Governor 250I. and the Major 150I. Thirty-fix 
 Officers are allowed 6d. a day: thirty-four light horfemen, and 
 thirty ferjeants, have 2s. a week each ; forty-eight corporals 
 and drums have iod. per week ; and three hundred and thirty- 
 fix private men, are each allowed 8d. a week. As the houfe 
 is called a garrifon, all the members are obliged to do duty in 
 their refpeclive turns ; and they have prayers twice a day in 
 the chapel, performed by two chaplains, who have each a 
 falary of iool. a year. The phyfician, fecretary, comptrol- 
 ler, deputy treafurer, fteward, and furgeon, have alfo each 
 iool. per annum, and many other officers have confiderable 
 falaries. As to the out-pcnfioners, who amount to be- 
 tween eight and nine thoufand, they have each 7I. 12s. 6d. a 
 year. 
 
 Thefe great expences are fupported by a poundage deducted 
 out of the pay of the army, with one day's pay once a year 
 from each officer and common foldier ; and when there is any 
 deficiency, it is fupplied by a fum raifed by parliament. This 
 hofpital is governed by the following commiflions ; the Prefident 
 of the treafury, the Principal Secretary of ftate, the Pay-rnaf- 
 ter general of the forces, the Secretary at war, the Comptrol- 
 lers of the army, and by the Governor and Lieutenant Go- 
 vernor of the hofpital. 
 
 The Apothecaries Company have a fpacious and beautiful 
 phyfic garden at Chelfea, which contains near four acres, and is 
 enriched with a vaft variety of plants both domeftic and exotic. 
 This was given by Sir Hans Sloane, Bart, on condition of their 
 paying a quit-rent of 5I. per annum, and annually delivering 
 to the preiident and fellows of the royal fociety, at one of their 
 public meetings, fifty fpecimens of different forts of plants, 
 well cured, and of the growth of this garden, till the number 
 of fpecimens amounts to 2000. 
 
 There is alfo at Chelfea a place of public entertainment re-r 
 markable for its elegance, and well known by the name of 
 Ranelagh Gardens, fo called from their formerly be- 
 longing to the Earl of Ranelagh. There is no place of public 
 pleafure of the kind equal to this in any other part of Europe; 
 and it is the relot t of people of the ferft quality. Though its 
 gardens are beautiful, it is more to be admired for the amphi- 
 theatre. This is a circular building, the external diameter is 
 one hundred and eighty -five feet, round the whole is an arcade, 
 3 and 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 149 
 
 apd over that a gallery with a balluftrade (to admit the company 
 into the upper boxes) except where the entrances break the con- 
 tinuity. Over this are the windows, and it terminates with 
 the roof. The internal diameter is one hundred and fifty feet, 
 and the architecture of the infide correfponds with theoutfide, 
 except that over every column, between the windows, termini 
 fupport the roof. In the middle of the area, where the orche- 
 ftra was at firft defigned, is a chimney having four faces; in 
 which is a fire, whenever the weather makes it neceflary. The 
 orcheftra fills up the place of one of the entrances. The en- 
 tertainment confifts of a fine band of mufic with an organ, ac- 
 companied by the beft voices ; and of late fireworks of the mod 
 fplendid kind have been exhibited here. The company is re- 
 galed with tea and coffee. 
 
 P A N C R A S. 
 
 This is a fmall hamlet in Middlefex, on the north- well: fide 
 of London. It has a church dedicated to St. Pancras, and cal- 
 led St. Pancras in the Fields, an old plain Gothic ftruclure, with 
 a fquare tower without a fpire. It is a vulgar tradition that 
 this church is of greater antiquity than St. Paul's cathedral, of 
 which it is only a prebend ; but this arifes from a miftake i for 
 the church of St. Pancras, termed the mother of St. Paul'?, 
 was fituated in the city of Canterbury, and was changed from 
 a Pagan temple to a Chriftian church by Aufiin the monk, in 
 in the year 598, when he dedicated it to St. Pancras. 
 
 Pancras church -yard is a general burying place for perfons of 
 the Romifh religion. There are a great number of tombs 
 in it j and in particular a very elegant one erected to the me- 
 mory of Lady Henrietta Beard, only daughter of James, Earl 
 of Waldegrave, who was firit married to Lord Edward Her- 
 bert, fon to the Marquis of Powis, and afterwards to Mr. 
 Beard, the celebrated finger, and who was alfo one of the ma- 
 nagers of Covent-garden theatre. A very handfome monu- 
 ment has likewife been lately erected to the memory of Mifs 
 Dorothea Dias de Faria, who was drowned on the 26th cf 
 June, 1772, in the fifth year of her age. And another in me- 
 mory of a proteftant young Lady, Mary Barfnet, who died in 
 J 75°» a g e d twenty -three years, on whole monument are the 
 following lines : 
 
 " Go, fpotlefs honour, and unfully'd truth, 
 
 " Go, finijing innocence, and blooming youth ; 
 
 " Go, 
 
15© A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 " Go, fedfale fweetnefs, join'd with manly fenfe, 
 ts Go, winning wit, that never gave offence ; 
 tC Go, foft humanity, that bleft the poor, 
 ** Go, faint-ey'd patience, from affliction's door j 
 * c Go, modefty, that never wore a frown, 
 '* Go, virtue, and receive thy heav'nly crown ! 
 W Not from a ftranger came this heart -felt verfe, 
 «* The friend infcrib'd thy tomb whofe tears bedew'd thy 
 « hearfe." 
 
 KENTISH TOWN. 
 
 Th s has arifen from a fmall village, to be a place of confil- 
 derable repute ; for the air being extremely healthy, many of 
 the citizens of London have built houfes in it j and many otheirs 
 who cannot afford that expence, take ready furnifhed lodging^ 
 for the fummer, particularly thofe who are afflicted with com- 
 fumptions, and other diforders. There is no parifh church iin 
 the town, but they have a good chapel of eafe at a little diftancte„ 
 belonging to Pancras parifh. In the town are fome gentetell 
 board ing-fchools, and many.public-houfes, it being much ree— 
 forted to by the people of London. 
 
 ISLINGTON. 
 
 This is a confiderable village in Middlefex, on the norttih. 
 fide of London : it has been fo much enlarged within thefe fe^vw 
 years by the addition of new buildings, that it almoft joins ttco 
 the capital. It is a place of great antiquity, and appears ttto 
 have been built by the Saxons, and in the time of Williannn 
 the Conqueror was called Ifendon or Ifledon. By the foultlh 
 weit fide of this village, is a fine refervoir called New Riveeer 
 Head, which confifts of a large bafon, into which the Ne^vw 
 River difcharges itfelf ; part of the water is from thence connn- 
 veyed by pipes to London, while another part is thrown tbby 
 an engine through other pipes up a hill to a refervoir, whicicch, 
 lies much higher, in order to fupply the higheft parts of Loonn- 
 don. 
 
 The church is one of the prebends of St. Paul's j the oobld 
 Gothic ftrufture lately taken down, was erected in the ye;ea;af 
 1503, and flood till 1751, when it being in a ruinous C(Oi-)n>n- 
 dition, the inhabitants applied to parliament for leave to rebululiilid 
 it, and foon after erected the prefent ftrudture, which i:s s 3 a 
 very fubftantial brick edifice, though it does not want an a a air 
 of lightnefs. The body is well enlightened, and the anglolojes 
 ftrengthened and decorated with a plain ruftic. The flwocoor 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 151 
 
 is raifed confiderably above the level of the church-yard, and 
 the door in the front is adorned with a portico, which confifts 
 of a dome fupported by four Doric columns ; but both the 
 door and the portico appear too fmall for the reft of the building. 
 The fteeple confifts of a tower, which rifes fquare to a conli- 
 derable height, terminated by a cornice fupporting four vafes, at 
 the corners. Upon this part is placed an octangular balluft^ade, 
 from within which rifes the bafe of the dome in the fame form, 
 fupporting Corinthian columns with their fhafts wrought with 
 ruftic. Upon thefe refts the dome, and from its crown rifes 
 the fpire, which is terminated by a ball and its fane. Though 
 the body of the church is very large, the roof is fupported with- 
 out pillars, and the infide is extremely commodious, and 
 adorned with an elegant plainnefs. 
 
 This parifti is very extenfive, and includes Upper and Lower 
 J3olloway, three fides of Newington Green, and part of Kingf- 
 land. There are in Mington two meeting-houfts and a cha- 
 rity-fchool founded in the year 1613, by Dame Alice Owen, 
 for educating thirty children j this foundation, together with 
 that of a row of alms-houfes, are under the care of the Brew- 
 ers company. 
 
 Mington contains a vaft number of inhabitants, many hand - 
 fome rows of very neat houfes having been lately built 111 it. 
 And the number of public-houfes in it is very considerable ; 
 and there are feveral noted places of entertainment in the neigh- 
 bourhood ; particularly the White Conduit Houfe ; the Shake- 
 fpeare and Jubilee Gardens, formerly known by the name of 
 Dobney's ; New Tunbridge Gardens ; and Sadler's Wells, 
 where, during the fummer feafon, people are amufed with ba- 
 lance-mafters, walking on the wire, rope-dancing, tumbling, 
 dancing, finging, and pantomime entertainments. Indeed, 
 houfes of diflipation of every kind, have of late years been 
 greatly increased in the neighbourhood of London, to a degree 
 that would not have been fuffered, if the morals of the peo; !e 
 were an objett of any confideration to thofe who are inveftc d 
 with the powers of government. 
 
 Near the New River, on the north of Mington, is an an- 
 tient edifice, called Cann$nbury-koufe ; and near it feveral hand- 
 fome houfes have been built within thefe few years. The 
 old houfe is partly let out in lodgings, and partly uied us a 
 genteel public-houfe. At a little diftance from it is a farm 
 and a public-houfe, called Highbury Barn, near which are 
 the remains of ancient fortification, in a place known by the 
 
 name 
 
A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 name of Reedmoat, or fix acre field. Moft of our antiqua-« 
 rians have fuppofed that this was the place where Paulinus, 
 the Roman General, fled with his men, when the Britons, 
 under the command of Queen Boadicea, murdered all the in- 
 habitants of London, and fet fire to that city. 
 
 As the refervoir of the New River before mentioned, is near 
 Iflington, and as this is a work of great public utility, it may 
 not be improper here to give a more particalar account of it. — 
 Various were the projects in the reigns of Queen Elizabeth and 
 King James the Firft, for fupplying the city of London with 
 a fufricient quantity of water for domeftic ufes ; the former 
 granted an act of parliament, which gave the citizens liberty to 
 cut and convey a river from any part of Middlefex or Hertford- 
 fliire to the city of London, within the limited time of 
 ten years ; and the latter granted another acl:, in which they ob- 
 tained the fame power, but without being confined to any li- 
 mited lime ; nobody however began this great and import- 
 ant work, till at laft Sir Hugh Middleton undertook to bring a 
 river from Amwell in Hertfordfliire to the north fide of Lon- 
 don near Iflington. 
 
 The work began on the 20th of September 1608, and was 
 attended with innumerable difficulties. The diftance from Lon- 
 don is twenty miles, and he was obliged, in order to avoid the 
 eminencies and vallies in the way, to make it run a courfe of 
 thirty eignt miles, three quarters and fixteen poles, and to carry 
 it over two vallies in long wooden frames or troughs lined with 
 lead ; that at Buthill being 660 feet in length, and 30 in height ; 
 under which, or the paflage of the land' waters is an arch capa- 
 cious enough to admit under it the largeft waggon laden with 
 hav or ftraw : the other near Highbury is 462 feet long and 17 
 in height, where it is raifed along the top of high artificial 
 banks, and at the bottom of the hollow fupported by poles, fo 
 that any perfon may walk under it. In fhort, over and under 
 this river, which fometimes rifes high, and at others is convey- 
 ed under ground, runs feveral confiderable currents ot land wa- 
 ters, and both above and below it a great number of brooks, 
 rills, and water courfes have their paflage. 
 
 This river, which is of ineftimable benefit to London, was 
 by this truly great man, brought to the city within the fpace 
 of five years, and was admitted into the refervoir near Ifling- 
 ton on Michaelmas day 161 3 j on which day Sir Thomas 
 
 Mid- 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 153 
 
 Middleton, brother to the great Sir Hugh, was ele&ed Lord 
 Mayor for the enfuing year, who accompanying Sir John 
 Swinnerton, then Lord Mayor, attended by many of the Al- 
 dermen, the Recorder, and other gentlemen, repaired to the 
 bafon, now called New River Head, when about fixty la- 
 bourers, handfomely drefled, and wearing green caps, carrying 
 fpades, (hovels, and pickaxes, marched, preceded by drums 
 and trumpets, thrice round the bafon, when flopping before 
 the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and other gentlemen, who were 
 feated upon an eminence, one of the labourers addrefled hirr- 
 felf to them in along copy of verfes, which being ended, the 
 fluices were opened, and the ftream ran plentifully into the re- 
 fervoir, under the found of drums and trumpets, the difcharge 
 jef feveral pieces of ordnance, and the loud acclamations of the 
 people. 
 
 Sir Hugh Middleton, to enable himfelf to complete this 
 grand work, had at laft, after fpending his own fortune, been 
 obliged to apply to King James I. who advancing him a fum of 
 money, became entitled to a moiety of its profits j he was alfo 
 obliged to fell many other fhares, and in fliort, was in a man- 
 ner entirely ruined by a project that has been attended with un- 
 fpeakable benefit to this city : fince by the water of this river ? 
 a fpeedy ftop has been put to a great number of dreadful fires, 
 and the health of the city has been remarkably preferved by ti e 
 cleanlinefs it has introduced among us. Yet fo little were the 
 advantages that might then, and are now derived from this 
 river, at that time underftood, that for above thirty years, there 
 were not divided above 5I. odd money, to each of the {hares, 
 which are 72 in number. 
 
 This river now draws moft of its water from the Lee, which 
 being the property of the city of London, that corporation, 
 contrary to the intereft of the city in general, oppofed a bill 
 brought into parliament for giving farther powers to the New 
 River company, to take the advantage that might be obtained 
 by the river Lee ; but the oppofition was without effeft, and in 
 1738-9 the bill pafled into a law. 
 
 The Gover nors of the New River company then agreed 
 with the proprietors of the lands on the river Lee for a cut 
 of two Cubic feet of water from that river, at a certain rate ; 
 and after the agreement, told them they would double the 
 price for a four foot cut, which the proprietors agreed to, not 
 confidering the great difproportion between the two cuts j and 
 
 Vol. I. U this 
 
154 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 this cut of the river Lee now fupplies the largefl: fhare of the 
 New River water. 
 
 In this river there are forty-three fluices, and over it two 
 hundred and fifteen bridges. On its approaching the refervoir, 
 called New River Head, there are feveral fmall houfes erected 
 at a confiderable diftance from each other on its banks, into 
 which the water runs, and is conveyed by pipes to the nearer 
 parts of the metropolis. On its entering the above refervoir, it 
 is there ingulphed by fifty-eight main pipes, each of feven 
 inches bore ; and here atfo an engine worked by horfes, throws 
 8T great quantity of water up to another refervoir, fituated on 
 much higher ground, from which the water runs in pipes to 
 fupply the higheft ground in the city, and its liberties. Many 
 years ago 30,000 houfes were thusfupplied by this water, and 
 fince that time feveral main pipes have been laid to carry it into 
 the liberties of Weftminfter. 
 
 H O X T O N. 
 
 This is a very antient place, and in the Conqueror's furvey 
 is named Hochejion. It was formerly a town, and had a week- 
 ly market ; but that has been long fince difcontinued. It has 
 been fo much encreafed in buildings, that it joins to the metro- 
 polis. The moft remarkable edifice here is Aske's Hospi- 
 tal, a handfome building eredled by the Haberdafhers com- 
 pany in the year 1692, purfuant to the will of Robert Afke, 
 Efq; who left 30,000!. for building and endowing it, in order 
 to afford lodging and board for twenty poor men of that com- 
 pany, and for as many boys to be inftrudted in reading, writing, 
 and arithmetic. Each of the penfioners hath an apartment 
 confiftingof three rooms, with proper diet at a common table, 
 and firing; the annual fum of three pounds, and a gown every 
 fecond year ; which, together with the falaries of the chaplain, 
 clerk, butler, porter, and other domeftics, amount to about 
 800I. per annum. 
 
 A plan of the building was drawn by Dr. Hooke, a learned 
 mathematician of Grefham College, and upon his model it 
 was erected in an advantageous fituation, fronting the eaft, 
 with grafs plats before it, adorned with rows of lime-trees 
 and inclofed with a handfome wall and iron gates. On the 
 piers of the great gates at the fouth end, are two flone ftatues, 
 reprefenting two of Afke's Hofpital men, in full proportion. 
 The principal part of the building is only one ftory high 
 with garrets ; where a portico with twenty -one ftone pil- 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 155 
 
 lars extends on a line on each fide of the chapel, which is 
 placed in the middle, and on each fide above thefe pillars is a 
 range of twenty-two very fmall windows. The pillars of the 
 chapel extend to the top of the firfr. Itory, and that edifice ri- 
 ling confiderably above the reft of the building, is terminated 
 by a handfome pediment; with a clock, under which is the ef- 
 figies of the founder in ftone, cloathed in his gown, and hold- 
 ing in his hand a roll of parchment, which feems to be his laft 
 will. Under him is the following infcription : 
 
 Roberto Aske Armigero, hujus Hofpitii Fuudatorl, Socie* 
 Haberda. B. M. P. C. 
 
 And on one fide of him is this infcription : 
 Anno Chrijii MDCLXXXII. Socletas HaberdaJl)eorum de Lon- 
 don hoc Hofpitium condiderunt, ex Legato & Tejlarrunto 
 Roberti Aske Armigeri, ejufdem Societatis ; ad viginti 
 Senum Alimenta, & tot idem Puerorum Educationem. 
 
 On the other fide this infcrigtion : 
 
 The worjhipful Company of Haberdajhers built this Ho/pita!, 
 purfuantto the gift and trujl of R. Aske, Efq; a late worthy 
 Member of it, for the relief of twenty poor Members , and 
 for the Education of twenty Boys, fons of decayed Freemen of 
 that company. 
 
 Fronting the entrance of the chapel is a large pair of very 
 handfome iron gates, and at each end of the Hofpital is an edi- 
 fice of the fame height as the chapel. — There are fundry other 
 alms-houfes at Hoxton, which have been erected for different 
 charitable purpofes ; and, among others, the alms-houfes 
 erected and endowed by Mrs. Mary Weftby, of Bocking, in 
 EfTex, widow, in 1749, for fourteen poor women. Thefe 
 are commonly carted the Old Maid's Alms-houfes ; though ei- 
 ther maids or widows may be admitted ; but they muff be Dif- 
 fenters. 
 
 King fland Is a hamlet in the pari fh of Iflington, lying be- 
 twixt Hoxton and Newington ; and between Kingfland and 
 Shoreditch church are what are called the Ironmongers Alms- 
 houfes, which are very handfome, and have pleafant walks. 
 They were founded by Sir Robert Geffryes, formerly Lord 
 Slayor of London, who was a member of the Ironmongers 
 
 U 2 Com- 
 
A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 Company, and are appropriated for the reception and fuppert 
 of fifty-fix decayed members of that Company. Each of them 
 has a room, with part of a cellar, fix pounds a year in money, 
 and a gown. None are admitted under fixty years of age ; 
 but a wife may refide with her husband, and when he dies 
 be elected in his room. They have a handfome chapel, where 
 a clergyman reads prayers every day, and preaches on Sundays, 
 for which he has a proper {alary, with commodious apartments 
 to refide in. 
 
 STOKE N EWINGTON. 
 
 This is a village three miles from London, which is very large 
 and populous, great numbers of citizens having built houfes in 
 it, on account of its vicinity to the capital. The church is a 
 fmall, low, Gothic ftru&ure, and belongs to the dean and 
 chapter of St. Paul's j and there is alfo a diffenting meeting 
 here. Behind the church is a pleafant grove, ftiaded with tall 
 trees, and feats for the accommodation of fuch as frequent it, 
 for the benefit of the air. 
 
 Newington Green, which is a village near Newington, and 
 partly in the fame parifh, is a very agreeable place. The prin- 
 cipal part confiftsof a handfome fquare, in the middle of which 
 is an extenfive and beautiful grafs-plat, with gravel-walks, 
 leading from each of the angles ; and on the eaft fide is an 
 handfome meeting for Proteftant Diffenters. 
 
 EDMONTON 
 Is eight miles from London, and although only a fmall vil- 
 lage in former times, yet by the great increafe of buildings is 
 now become ccnfiderable ; but the houfes are fcattered up and 
 down along the road, without any regular order, and few of 
 them join together, being moftly Separated by gardens and en- 
 clofures. There is an affembly -room here. 
 
 ENFIELD 
 Is a town in Middlefcx, about ten miles from London, 
 which is fuppofed to have been anciently called Enfen, from its 
 fituation among fens, and in marfhy ground. There was for- 
 merly a royal feat in it, fuppofed to have been built in the reign 
 ©f King Henry VII. and in the laft century it was noted for 
 being the refidence of a great number of tanners, but at pre- 
 f ent little of that trade is carried on here. 
 
 The 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. i 57 
 
 The town is pleafantly fituated, and the church, which 
 is a low Gothic ftru&ure, ftands about the middle of it. 
 There is alfo a meeting houfe here, and feveral rich citizens of 
 London have their country-feats near the town. — There is 
 a weekly market here on Saturday, and a fair held on the 25th 
 of May, and another on the 29th of September. 
 
 Lord Lyttleton has informed us, on the authority of an 
 ancient author, who lived in the reign of Henry II. that the 
 citizens of London had a chafe or foreft, extending from that 
 part of the city, called Hounfditch, above twelve miles north, 
 and that it was the joint property of the whole corporation. 
 In this foreft the citizens enjoyed the diverfion of hunting 
 and fuch other exercifes as were common in thofe warlike 
 times. As commerce and a love of induftry encreafed, thefe 
 diverfions were in a great meafure neglected, the foreft was 
 gradually laid open, and at laft became the property of private 
 perfons. Enfield chace, which is the only p^rt now remaining 
 of this extenfive foreft, has been for many years the property of 
 the crown, and is at prefent annexed to the dutchy of 
 Lancafter. 
 
 In the reign of King James I. when that prince refided at 
 Theobalds, Enfield chace was well flocked with deer, the 
 King being extremely fond of hunting; but the parliament 
 army, during the civil war, deftroyed all the game, cut down 
 the trees, and let the ground out in fmall farms, it continued 
 in that condition till the reftoration, when young trees were 
 planted, and the whole flocked with game; but it is far in- 
 ferior to what it was formerly. The ranger, who is appointed 
 by the crown, has a moft elegant feat, called the Lodge, and 
 there are many feats belonging to perfons of quality, all along 
 the borders of the chace, particularly at Southgate, where the 
 Marquis of Caernarvon, fon to the Duke of Chandos, has a 
 moft noble country houfe, in whici ; .s Lordfhip generally re- 
 fides, during the fummer. 
 
 CHESHUNT 
 
 Is a very agreeable village, in Hertfbrdfhire, fourteen miles 
 from London, and many of the citizens have their country 
 feats here. The Ermine- ftreet, or Roman military way, 
 panes near it, and in a field to the north- weft are the re- 
 mains of a ftrong camp. It is raifed in an oblong form with 
 deep ditches, but moft of them are now filled up. There 
 was formerly a Benedidtine nunnery here, dedicated to the 
 Virgin Mary ; and Edward III. gave this village the privi- 
 lege 
 
158 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 lege of keeping a weekly market, but it is now difcon- 
 
 titmcd. 
 
 THEOBALDS 
 
 Is a moil pleafant village, near Chefhunt, wherein are many 
 fine f.-ats belonging tothe Citizens of London. The palace of 
 Theobalds, in which King James I. much delighted, now 
 belongs to the Duke of Portland, who lets it out in tenements. 
 This palace, which was very magnificent, was originally built 
 by the great Lord Burleigh ; and Hentzner, who has given 
 a defcription of it in his Itinerarium, fays, that the gallery was 
 painted with the genealogy of the Kings of England, and 
 from ihence.was a defcent into the garden, which was en- 
 compafled with a ditch filled with water, and large enough 
 to have the pleafure of rowing a boat between the ftirubs ; 
 it was adorned with a great variety of trees and plants, 
 labyrinths made with much labour, a jet d'eau with its 
 bafon of white marble, and with columns and pyramids. In 
 the fummer houfe, the lower part of which was built femicir- 
 culary, were the twelve Roman Eemperors in white marble, 
 and a table of touchftone ; the upper part of it was fet round 
 with leaden cifierns, into which water was conveyed through 
 pipes. This feat the Lord Burleigh gave to his younger 
 ion Sir Robert Cecil, in whofe time King James I. flaying 
 there for one night's refrefhment, as he was coming to take 
 pofleflion of the crown of England, he Was fo delighted with 
 the place that he gave him the manor of Hatfield Regis in 
 exchange for it, and afterwards enlarged the park, and en- 
 compafled it with a wall ten miles round. The palace he 
 often vifited, in order to enjoy the pleafure of hunting in 
 Enfield Chace and Epping Foreft, and at laft died there. 
 In the civil wars it W3S however plundered and defaced, it 
 being the place from whence King Charles I. fet out to 
 eredt his ftandard at Nottingham ; King Charles II. granted 
 the manor to George Monk, Duke of Albermale ; but it re- 
 verting again to the crown, for want of heirs male, King 
 William III. gave it to William Bentick, whom he created 
 Earl of Portland, from whom it defcended to the Duke his 
 grandfbn : the great park, a part of which was in Hertford - 
 lhire, and a part in Middlefex, is now converted into farms. — 
 In this neighbourhood Richard Cromwell, who had been 
 protector, but abdicated, paffed the laft part of his life in a 
 very private manner. 
 
 HOD- 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 159 
 
 HODDESDON 
 
 Is a confiderable town, feventeen miles from London, in 
 the county of Hertford. It is a contiderable thoroughfare, 
 and a place of great antiquity. It is a confiderable marked 
 for all forts of corn. Queen Elizabeth, by charter gran ed 
 a grammar-fchool to this town, and endowed it with certain 
 privileges ; and an alms-houfe was founded here in the reign 
 of King Henry VI. by Richard Rich, (heriff of London, and 
 anceitor to the late Earls of Warwick. Here are the l : s 
 of an ancient chapel ; but by whom it was built does not 
 appear, only that it belonged to an hofpital for leprous per- 
 sons, which is now totally demolifhed. The weekly maikct 
 is held on Thurfday, and here is a fair for toys on the 29th of 
 July. 
 
 WARE 
 
 Is a town in Hertfordfhire, twenty-one miles from Lon- 
 don, and fituated in a valley on the eaft-fide of the river 
 Lea. — It is faid, that fome ftrolling parties of the Danes 
 failed up this river from the Thames, in their fmall open 
 boats, and infefted this part of the country. They likewife 
 built a fort here, to fecure themfelves from the army of 
 Alfred, and for its better defence, raifed the water fo high, 
 by a great dam, or as they called it, a Weare, that it was 
 with great difficulty the Englifli could diflodge them. And 
 from this circumftance we are told the town received its name. 
 This place is a confiderable thoroughfare, being one of the bett 
 poft-townson the north road. Ware was founded in the year 
 914, and began to be of fome note in the reign of King J jfm, 
 when the high road to the north, which before went through 
 Hertford, was by the procurement of Sayer de Quincy, then 
 Jord of the manor, turned through this town. — It coniitts of 
 one ftreet, about a mile in length, with feveral back ftre&M 
 and lanes, well inhabited. The church is large, built in the 
 form of a crofs, and has an hand fome gallery, erected by the 
 governors of Chrift's Hofpital in London, who fend feveral of 
 the children of that hofpital hither, either for health or 
 education. Befides a charity fchool, here ate feven alms- 
 houfes, well endowed. At the Bull inn in this town, there 
 is a famous bed, much vifited by travellers from London 
 «i iid other places: it is faid to be twelve ftet fo^uare, and 
 
 capable 
 
A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 capable of containing twenty couple. This town is a great mar- 
 ket for corn and malt : 5000 quarters of malt are often fent in 
 a week to London by the barges, which generally return 
 with coals. — The market is on Tuefday, and here are two fairs 
 held, one on the laft Tuefday in April, and another on the 
 Tuefday before St. Matthew's day. 
 
 Near Ware is a fpot of ground called Lemon field, where 
 three Roman wine veflels were dug up in 1 729. Thefe veflels 
 were of a pale reddifh earth, and of the form of the Roman 
 amphora, with two handles, and pointed at the bottom, for 
 the purpofe of fixing them in the ground. They were eighteen 
 inches below the furface, and full of tarth and chalk-ftones of 
 the neighbouring foil. Many human bodies have been dug 
 up hereabouts, but though the ground around them is black, they 
 appeared not to have been burnt, and feemed by their (hallow 
 burial to have been the relics of a battle. — On the fouth of Ware 
 is AmwelU where the New River, of which we have already 
 fpoken, takes its rife. 
 
 HERTFORD 
 
 Is at the diftance of twenty-one miles from London, and 
 was a place of fome note in the time of the ancient Britons. 
 The Eatt Saxon Kings often kept their courts here, and 
 upon the firft divifion of the kingdom into counties, it 
 was made a county town. It fent members to parlia- 
 ment in the reign of King Edward the firft, but after the 
 feventh of Henry the fifth, on the petition of the bailiff 
 and burgefles to be excufed, on account of their poverty, that 
 privilege was difcontinued till the twenty-fecond of James the 
 firft. 
 
 In the time of Henry the Seventh, the ftandard of weights 
 and meafures was fixed here, and Queen Mary made this a 
 corporation, by the name of bailiffs and burgefles ; and bv 
 her charter, the number of burgefles was to have been fix- 
 teen. In the twenty-fifth and thirty-fifth years of Queen 
 Elizabeth, Michaelmas term was kept here, by reafon of the 
 plague at both times in London; and that Queen granted 
 this town a new charter. King James the Firft afterwards 
 granted it another charter, with the ftile of mayor, burgefles, 
 and commonalty, to have ten capital burgefles, and fixteen 
 alfiftants, and the mayor to be chofen out of the burgefles, 
 by both the burgefles and afiiftants; but now this town is 
 governed by a mayor, a high fteward, who is generally a 
 nobleman, a recorder, nine aldermen, a town clerk, cham- 
 berlain, 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 161 
 
 berlain, ten capital burgefles, and fixteen afliftants, together 
 with two ferjeants at mace. 
 
 The town cf Hertford ftands pleafantly in a fweet air and dry 
 vale : it is built after the figure of a Roman Y, and has a caf- 
 tle, placed between the two horns, in which is the feflions- 
 houfe for the county. It has alfo a county gaol, and formerly 
 had five churches, which now are reduced to two, All Saints 
 and St. Andrew's. All Saints is fituated on the fouth fide of the 
 town, and has a tall fpire, covered with lead, and eight good 
 bells, befides an organ, and an handfome gallery for the mayor 
 and aldermen of the borough, and for the governor of Chrift 
 church hofpital in London, Who have eredcd a good houfe in 
 this town, to receive fick and fupernumerary children ; they 
 have alfo built a large gallery in the church, in which 200 of 
 their children may be accommodated. St. Andrew's is only re- 
 markable for giving its name to one of the ftreets. Here are 
 three charity fchools, and alfo a free grammar fchool, founded 
 by Richard Hale, Efq; in the reign of King James the Firft. 
 
 The chief commodities of this town are wheat, malt, and 
 Wool ; and it is faid to fend no lefs than 5000 quarters of malt 
 to London weekly, by the river Lea. It is however obferved, 
 that the magnificence of this town is much diminifhed, fince 
 the north road from London, which went through it, was turn- 
 ed through the town of Ware. 
 
 The caftle of Hertford was built by King Alfred, to defend 
 the town and neighbourhood againft the Danes, who carrte up 
 in their light pinnaces from the Thames by the river Lea, as 
 far as Ware, and erecled a fort there, whence they made fre- 
 quent fallies to plunder and deftroy the country. 
 
 The members of parliament for Hertford are chofen by the 
 freemen in general, the mayor being the returning officer. The 
 weekly market is on Saturday, and there are four annual fairs 
 held here, namely, on the Saturday fortnight before Eafter, the 
 twelfth of May, the fifth of July, and the eighth of Noverri. 
 ber. 
 
 HACKNEY. 
 
 This is a very large, populous, and pleafant village, in 
 Middlefex, on the north-eaft fide of London. It is fo remark- 
 able for the country feats of merchants and rich citizens, that 
 it is faid there are not lefs than an hundred gentlemens 
 coaches kept in it. The parifh has feveral hamlets, belonging 
 
 Vol, I. X to 
 
l62 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 to it, among which are Clapton on the north, Dorlefton and 
 Shacklewell on the weft, and Hummerton, which leads to 
 Hackney- marfh, on the eaft. 
 
 Hackney church is an antient Gothic ftru&ure ; it was a dif- 
 tinc"t rectory and vicarage in the year 1292, and dedicated to 
 St. Auguftine ; but the Knights Templars having obtained a 
 mill and other poflefliens in the parifh, they were, upon the 
 fuppreffion of their order, granted to the Knights Templars of 
 St. John of Jerufalem, from which the church is fuppofed to 
 have received the prefent appellation of St. John : however, it 
 was not prefented to by that name till after the year 1660. The 
 living is now only a vicarage, the great tithes being in lay 
 hands. — There are two diflenting meeting-houfes here. — At the 
 bottom of Hackney-marfh was difcovered, fome years ago, the 
 remains of a great ftone caufcway, which by the Roman coins 
 found there, appears to have been one of the famous highways 
 made^ by the Romans. 
 
 It is from this place, that the coaches let to the people in 
 London firft received their name ; for in the laft century, many 
 perfons 6f condition redding in Hackney, and many people 
 having gone on vifits to fee their friends there, it occafioned 
 them often to hire horfes, or carriages ; fo that in time it became 
 a common name for fuch horfes, coaches, and chairs, as were 
 let out to the people of London ; and the name has now dif- 
 fufed itfelf, not only through Great Britain, but likewife Ire- 
 land. 
 
 BETHNAL - GREEN. 
 This is a pleafant village near London, chiefly inhabited 
 by merchants and citizens of London, and has been long 
 noted for private mad-houfes. The church is one of the fifty 
 appointed to be built by acl of parliament, and ftands on the 
 north of Spitalfields. It is a neat commodious edifice, built 
 with brick, coped and coined with free- ftone ; and the tower, 
 which is not high, is of the fame materials. This village was 
 one of the hamlets of Stepney, from which parifh it was fe- 
 parated in the late King's reign. — The old Roman military 
 way from the Weft, pafled with it to Lea Ferry, at Old Ford. 
 — Within this hamlet, Bonner, Bifbop of London, had for- 
 merly a palace. 
 
 MILE- 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 163 
 
 M I L E - E N D 
 
 Was fo called on account of its being a mile from Aid- 
 gate ; fuch was its fituation in former times ; but at prefenC 
 what is called Mile-end, extends above a mile in length, its 
 fartheft extremity being bounded by Bancroft's Alms-houfes. 
 There were in antient times feveral fmall hofpitals, here particu- 
 larly one for lepers; but no remains of it are left. At prefent 
 there are many good houfes at Mile -end, and more alms-houfes 
 than are probably any where elfe to be met with, within the 
 fame compafs of ground. 
 
 The firft that deferves our notice is that called Trinity 
 Hospital, which was founded by the corporation of the 
 Trinity Houfe. It is a very noble, and yet not a very expen- 
 five edifice ; but is rendered beautiful by its fituation, and the 
 agreeable manner in which it is laid out. It confifts of two 
 wings and a center, wherein is the chapel, which rifes confider- 
 ably higher than the other buildings, and has an afcent to it by 
 a handfome flight of fteps fecured by iron rails ; this chapel has 
 large windows, and is adorned with a pediment ; behind it rifes 
 a turret, ornamented with a clock, and crowned with a fane. 
 On each fide of the chapel, are two fets of apartments exactly 
 refembling the wings. 
 
 The wings are low but neat buildings, with an afcent of fevt n 
 fteps to each pair of doors, fecured by brick walls capped with 
 ftone, and there are fix of thefe afcents to each wing, befides 
 two in the front, and one on each fide the chapel. Be- 
 tween each of thefe afcents is a pump fixed clofe to the 
 wall. 
 
 It is remarkable that all thefe afcents lead to the upper ftory ; 
 there are however rooms below, but thefe are under ground, 
 and the windows upon a level with a broad ftone pavement, 
 that furrounds the area next the houfes. In the centre of each 
 wing is a handfome pediment, adorned with the company's 
 arms, with the reprefentation of ropes, anchors, and fea weeds, 
 in open work, fpread over the face of the pediments, and the 
 area within confifts of handfome grafs-plats, divided by gravel 
 walks, kept in excellent order, leading down the middle, and 
 acrofs to the centre of the area, where is a ftatue in ftone of 
 Mr. Robert Sandes, well executed. He has a bale of goods 
 placed behind j he ftands with his right foot upon another bale, 
 and near his left foot is a fmall globe, and anchor. On the pe- 
 deftal is the following infcription : 
 
 X 2 To 
 
1 64 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 To the memory of Captain Robert Sandes, an elder 
 brother, and deputy matter of the corporation of Trinity 
 Houfe, who died in 1701, and bequeathed to the poor there- 
 of one hundred pounds ; alfo the reverfion (after two lives) 
 of a freehold eftate in the county of Lincoln of 147I. a year, 
 now in their poffeflion. This ftatue was erected by the cor- 
 poration A. D. 1746. 
 
 The end of each wing next the road has an empty niche, 
 and over it is a (mall pediment, on each fide of which is placed 
 a fmall (hip. 
 
 The ground on which this hofpital ftands was given to the 
 corporation of the Trinity-houfe by Capt. Henry Mudd, an 
 elder brother, and the above beautiful and commodious building 
 was erected by the company in the year 1695, for the recep- 
 tion of twenty-eight mailers of (hips, or their widows, each of 
 whom receives 16s. per month, 20s. a year for coals, and a 
 gown every fecond year. 
 
 Adjoining to the Trinity alms houfes are eight others, be- 
 longing to the Drapers company, for the widows of four free- 
 men and four failors, who have each an allowance of is. 8d. per 
 week", with half a chaldron of coals at Michaelmas, and a 
 gown every two years. 
 
 There are are alfo near the fame place twelve alms-houfes, 
 belonging to the Skinners company, for twelve widows, who 
 have each an allowance of five pounds four (hillings a year, with 
 half a chaldron of coals. 
 
 Fuller's alms-houfes, founded by a judge of that name, in 
 1592, for twelve poor men, are in that neighbourhood. And 
 there are alfo a few alms-houfes, for the widows of fhip roaf- 
 ters, found d by Capt. Fiftier, who fetttled upon it a freehold 
 of forty pounds a year. 
 
 But the mod fplendid foundation of the kind here, is Ban- 
 croft's beautiful alms houfes, fchool, and chapel; which 
 were erected by the Drapers company in the year 1735, pur- 
 fuant to the will of M r - Francis Bancroft, who bequeathed 
 to that company the fum of 28,oocl. and upwards, in real and 
 perfonal eftates, for purchafing a fite, and building upon it an 
 alms-houfe, with convenient apartments for twenty-four alms- 
 men, a chapel, and fchool-room for one hundred poor boys, 
 and two dwelling houfes for the fchoolmafters, and endow- 
 ing the fame. He alfo ordered that each of the alms-men 
 fliould have 81. and half a chaldron of coals yearly, and a 
 
 gown 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 165 
 
 gown of baize every third year ; that the fchool boys fhould 
 be cloathed and taunht reading, writing, and arithmetic ; 
 that each of the mailers, befides their houfes, fhould have 
 a falary of 30I. per annum, and the yearly fum of 20I. for 
 coals and candles, for their ufe and that of the fchool ; with 
 a fufficient allowance for books, paper, pens and ink ; that 
 the committee of the court of affiftants mould have 5I. for 
 a dinner, at their annual vifitation of the alms-houfes and 
 fchool; and that 3I. 10s. fhould be given for two half 
 yearly fermons to be preached in the parifh churches of St. 
 Helen and St. Michael, Cornhill, or elf-where, in comme- 
 moration of this foundation, at which the alms-men and 
 boys were to be prefent. To each of thefe boys, when put 
 out apprentices, he gave 4I. but if they were put to ferviee 
 they were to have no more than 2I. 10s. to buy them 
 cloaths. 
 
 The edifice is not only neat but extreme)" elegant, con- 
 fiding of two wings and a center detached from both of them. 
 In the middle of the front is the chapel, before which is a 
 noble portico, with Ionic columns, and coupled pilafters 
 at the corners, fupporting a pediment, in the plane of which 
 is the dial. There is an afcent to the portico by a flight of 
 fteps, and over the chapel is an handfome turret. On each 
 fide of the portico, are two houfes like thofe in the wings. 
 The conftruction of the wings is uniform, lofty and con- 
 venient ; twelve doors in each open in a regular feries, and 
 the windows are of a moderate fize, numerous, and proportioned 
 to the apartments they are to enlighten. The fquare is 
 furrounded with gravel walks, with a large grafs plat in the 
 middle, and next the road the wall is adorned with handfome 
 iron rails and gates. In fhort, the ends of the wings next the 
 road being placed at a conliderable diftance from it, the whole 
 is feen in a proper point of view, and appears to the greateft 
 advantage. 
 
 It is worthy of remark, that this Bancroft, who left fb 
 large a fum for erecYing and endowing this fine hofpital, and 
 even ordered two fermons to be annually preached in com- 
 memoration of his charity, was, according to the laft edition 
 of Stow's Survey, one of the Lord Mayor's officers, and 
 by informations and fummoning the citizens before the Lord 
 Mayor, upon the mod trifling occafions, and other things 
 not belonging to his office, not only pillaged the poor, but 
 alio many of the rich, who rather than lofe time in ap» 
 pearing before the magiftrate, gave money to get rid of this 
 
 common 
 
i66 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 cf>mmon peft o r the citizens, which, together with his nu- 
 merous quarterages from the brokers, &c. enabled him to 
 amafs annually a confiderable i'um of money. But by thefe 
 and other mercenary practices, he fo incurred the hatred 
 and ill will of the citizens of all ranks and denominations, 
 that the perfons who attended his funeral obfequies, with great 
 difficulty faved his corpfe from being joftled off the bearers 
 fhoulders in the church, by the enraged populace, who 
 feized the bells, and rang them for joy at his unlamented 
 death. 
 
 It is farther remarkable of this Mr. Bancroft, that he en- 
 tertained a notion that he flbould rife from the dead, after a 
 certain number of years, and ordered his body to be preferved 
 Vcithina fhow-glafs, in the church of St. Helen's, Bifhopfgate- 
 flreer, where it ftill lies, and the door is, by his directions in 
 his laft will, fet open, during the time that the annual fermon 
 is preached in that church in memory of himfelf. But not- 
 withiranding thefe precautions, and the many opportunities that 
 have been given him of changing his quarters, Mr. Bancroft 
 ftill continues very peaceably in the place wherein he was 
 ouginally depofited. 
 
 STEPNEY 
 
 Is a village near Mile-end, of great antiquity. This parifh 
 was of fuch valr extent, and fo amazingly increafed in build- 
 ings, as to produce the parifhes of St. Mary Stratford at Bow, 
 St. Mary Whitechapel, St. Ann's Limehoufe, St. John's at 
 Wapping, St. Paul's Shadwell, St. George Ratcliff Highway, 
 Chriff Church Spitalfields, and St. Matthew's Bethnal Green ; 
 all which have been feparated from it, and yet it ftill remains 
 one of the largeft parifhes within the bills of mortality, and 
 contains the hamlets of Mile-end, Old and New Towns, 
 Ratcliff and Poplar. 
 
 1 he village of Stepney is remarkable for its church, and the 
 great number of tomb-ftones, both in that edifice and its fpa- 
 cious cemetry. It has alfo an independant meeting houfe, and 
 analms-houfe. The village however is but fmall, and confifts 
 of few houfes befides thofe of public entertainment ; many 
 people of both fexes reforting thither on Sundays, and at Eafter 
 and Witfun-holidays, to eat Stepney buns, and to regale them- 
 felves with ale, cyder, &c. 
 
 There was a church here fo long ago as the time of the 
 Saxons, when it was called the church of all Saints, Ecclefia 
 omnium Sanflorum-, and we read of the manor of Sepney 
 
 under 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 167 
 
 under the reign of William the Conqueror, by the name of 
 Stibenhede, or Stiben's-Heath ; but it does not appear when 
 the church changed its name by being dedicated to St. Dunftan, 
 the name it now bears. 
 
 When the prefent church was erecled is not recorded ; the 
 wall and battlements are built of brick and wrought ftone, 
 plaftered over ; and the roof is covered with lead. It is of 
 a very confiderable extent, for it is an hundred and four feet 
 long, though it is no more than fifty-four broad ; tfo« 
 height of the roof is thirty-five feet, and that of the tower, 
 with its turret, ninety-two feet. The pillars, arches and 
 windows, are of a modern Gothic, and the weft porch, buite 
 in 1 6 10, has no refemblance to the reft of the buitdiisg, 
 it being of the Tufcan order. The tower, which is plain 
 and heavy, is fupported at the corners by a kind of double 
 buttreffes ; it is crowned with . fquare plain battlements* 
 without pinnacles, and with a fmall mean turret ; and the 
 fame kind of battlements are carried round the body of the 
 church. 
 
 On the infide are three galleries and an organ, and the altar- 
 piece is adorned with four Corinthian pilafters, with their en- 
 tablature and a pediment; thefe have gilt capitals; with the 
 arms of Queen Anne carved ; but what is moft fingular is a 
 ftone on the eaft fide of the portico, leading up to the gallery, 
 on which is the following infcription. 
 
 Of Carthage great I was a ftone, 
 
 O mortals read with pity ! 
 Time confumes all, it fpareth none, 
 
 Men, mountains, towns, nor city : 
 Therefore O mortals ! all bethink 
 
 You whe r e unto you muft, 
 Since now fuch ftately buildings 
 
 Lie buried in the duft. 
 
 It is probable this ftone was really brought from Carthage, 
 otherwise this infcription would fcarcely be permitted to be 
 there; but as a modern author obferves, it is to be hoped, that 
 he who ordered it to be fixed there did not go to Carthage on 
 purpofe to fetch it. 
 
 Among the great number of tomb-ftones in this church- 
 yard, there is a very handfome one to the memory of Sir 
 John Leake, an eminent Englifh Admiral. And at the eaft- 
 end of the church-yard, near the church, is a monument of 
 3 white 
 
r68 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 white marble, adorned with a cherub, urn, palm-branches 
 and a coat of arms, under which is the following infcrip- 
 tion : 
 
 Here lieth interred the body of Dame Rebecca Berry, the 
 wife of Thomas Elton of Stratford Bow, Gent, who departed 
 this life April 16, 1696, aged 52. 
 
 Come ladies, you that would appear 
 
 Like angels fair, come drefs you here 5 
 
 Come drefs you at this marble ftone 
 
 And make that humble Grace your own, 
 
 Which once adorned as fair a mind, 
 
 As e'er yet lodg'd in woman kind. 
 
 So fhe was drefs 'd, whofe humble life 
 
 Was free from pride, was free from ftrife : 
 
 Free from all envious brawls and jars 
 
 (Of human life the civil wars) 
 
 Thefe ne'er difturb'd her peaceful mind, 
 
 Which ftill was gentle, ftill was kind. 
 
 Her very looks, her garb, her mien, 
 
 Difclos'd the humble mind within. 
 
 Trace her through ev'ry fcene of life, 
 
 View her as widow, virgin, wife, 
 
 Still the fame humble fhe appears, 
 
 The fame in youth, the fame in years ; 
 
 The fame in low and high eftate, 
 
 Ne'er vex'd with this, ne'er mov'd with that. 
 
 Go, ladies, now, and if you'd be 1 
 
 As fair, as great, as good as fhe, > 
 
 Go learn of her humility. J 
 
 Near the fouth fide of the church on a marble tomb- ftone, 
 adorned with a coat of arms, are the following lines on Capt. 
 Thomas Chevers, his wife, and a fon, who died at five 
 days old. 
 
 Reader, confider well how poor a fpan, 
 And how uncertain is the life of man : 
 Here lie the hufband, wife, and child, by death 
 All three in five days timedepriv'd of breath. 
 The child dies firff, the mother on the morrow 
 Follows, and then the father dies with forrow. 
 A Csefar falls by many wounds, well may 
 Two ftabs at heart the ftouteft captain flay. 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 169 
 
 On a ftone near the foot path on the north weft fide, is the 
 following infeription : 
 
 Whoever treadeth on this ftone, 
 
 I pray you tread moft neatly, 
 For underneath the fame doth lie 
 
 Your honeft friend Will. Wheatly. 
 
 The laft infeription we (hall mention is the following fhort 
 one, on the fouth-weft fide of the church. 
 
 Here lies the body of Daniel Saul, 
 Spittkfields weaver, and that is all. 
 
 POPLAR. 
 
 This is a hamlet of Stepney, fituated on the Thames, and 
 obtained its name from the great number of poplar trees that 
 anciently grew there. The chapel of Poplar was erected in 
 the year 1654^ when the ground upon which it was built, 
 together with the church yard, were given by the Eaft India 
 ■company, and the edifice erected by the voluntary contribu- 
 tions of the inhabitants and others ; hnce which time that 
 Company has not only allowed the Minifter a convenient 
 dwelling houfe, with a garden and field containing about three 
 acres, but has allowed him 20I. per annum during plea- 
 fur e. 
 
 Poplar Marfli, called the Ifle of Dogs, from the great noife 
 made by the King's hounds that were kept there during the 
 refidence of the royal family at Greenwich, is rather an ifthmus 
 than an ifland, and is reckoned one of the richeft fpots of 
 ground in England j for it not only raifes the largeft cattle, but 
 the grafs it bears is efteemed a great reftorative of all diftempered 
 cattle. 
 
 Here are two alms houfes, befides an hofpital belonging to 
 the Eaft India company 
 
 Blackwall is chiefly noted for fhip carpenters, and other 
 artifts employed in making utenfils for the navy, and is one of 
 the greateft rendezvous of the Eaft -India (hips. 
 
 S T R A T F O R D-LE-fi O W. 
 This is a village in Middlefex, commonly known by the 
 name of Bow, a little to the eaft of Mile end, and is divided 
 from Stratford in Effex by the river Lea, over which there 
 is a ftone- bridge, of which we have already made men- 
 Vol. I. Y tion*. 
 
A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 tion*. The church is very ancient, being built by Henry II. ad- 
 joining to which is a good free-fchool. In the reign of Queen 
 Elizabeth this village was noted for bakers ; for it is faid 
 that all the perfons of that profeffion who fupplied London 
 with bread, then refided here. From hence it was carried 
 to London in carts, and fold to the people at their own doors. 
 There is at prefent a confiderable manufactory carried on here, 
 for making of porcelain, which is brought to fuch perfection 
 as to be little inferior to that of China. There are alfo great 
 numbers of fc.^rlet dyers and callico printers refide here, 
 for the conveniency of water and grounds to dry their 
 clothes. There is a fair held here in Whitfun-week. — 
 A little to the fouth of this village is another named Bromley\ 
 which is pleafantly fituated, wherein there are many handfome 
 houfes. 
 
 HAVING defcribtd the moft remarkable places, public 
 edifices, royal palaces, and feats, within the ftiftanceof twenty 
 miles round 1 Ondon, we fhall now proceed to treat of other 
 parts of the kingdom, and to give an account of fuch other 
 places, elegant feats, and fplendid edifices, and other curious 
 particulars, as may be moft deferving the attention of the 
 inquifitive reader. 
 
 CHELMSFORD. 
 
 This is a confiderable town in the county of Eflex, which 
 is fituated at the confluence of two rivers, the Chelmer and 
 the Cann ; from the former of which it derived its name. 
 It is the county town, and is diftant from London twenty- 
 nine mdes. The town confifts but of four ftreets, but is re- 
 gular and well built. The entrance to it from the London road 
 js overan old ftone bridge, built by Maurice, Bifhop of Lon- 
 don in the reign of Henry the Firit. As foon as this is parted 
 over, a fpacious ftreet prefents itfelf to the view of the traveller, 
 at the upper end of which, upon a little alcent, ftands the 
 (hire-houfe. Each ftreet lies with an eafy defcent towards the 
 centre, and is wafhed with a current of clear water. The 
 Chelmer and the Cann form here an angle ; along which lie 
 many pleafure gardens, and fome of them are agreeably laid 
 put. 
 
 In an open place nearly a fquare, adjoining to the (hire- 
 
 houfe, 
 
 * See page 55, 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. i 7 i 
 
 houfe, {lands .a conduit. It is of a quadrangular form, about 
 fifteen feet high, built with ftone and b.ick : it has four pipes, 
 on each fide, from which the pureft water is perpetually flow- 
 ing. The following infcription is on the fide that fronts the 
 part from whence the fpring rifes. ' This conduit in one 
 
 * minute runs one hogfhead and a half, and four gallons and a 
 
 * half. In one day 2262 hogfheads and 54 gallons. In one 
 
 * month 63,360 hogfheads. And in one year 825,942 hogf- 
 
 * heads and 54 gallons.' 
 
 The aflizes, general quarter feflions, and other county 
 courts, are held at Chelmsford ; and likewife are held the 
 elections for the knights of the (hire; and here Hands the 
 county gaol. The great road from London to Colchefter, to 
 Harwich, to Suffolk, and many parts of Norfolk, lies through 
 this town ; fo that it is furnifhed with feveral good inns. Ad- 
 joining to the fhire-houfe is a good market place, where a 
 market is held every Friday, fupplied with corn, meat, fifli, 
 fowls, &c. The church is an handfome ancient ftruclure, 
 fituated at the end of the town. There are feveral handfome 
 monuments in it eredled in memory of theMildmay family; 
 one in particular for Benjamin Mildmay, Earl of Fitz- 
 waiter. — There is a good free-fchool in this town, which was 
 founded by King Edward the Sixth, befides two other charity- 
 fchools. 
 
 Sir William Mildmay, Bart, has a very handfome feat near 
 this town, known by the name of Moulsham Hall, ic 
 is pieafantly fituated on an eafy afcent, about a quarter of a 
 mile on the eaft fide of Chelmsford. The grand front com- 
 mands Danbury-hill. It is a very regular edifice, and on the 
 top of it are three ftatues, rep.refenting Diana, Apollo, and 
 Mercury ; under thefe are the family arms in baflb relievoj 
 carved in free-ftone. The other parts of the houfe have a 
 view of the London road, of the town of Chelmsford, and 
 of the park and gardens. It was rebuilt by the late Earl of 
 Fitzwalter, and was fo conftrucled as to be at once elegant and 
 commodious. The pilaflers, cornices, entablatures, and other 
 decorations, are of ftone. In the, in fide is a quadrangular 
 court flagged. It has a gallery on each floor round it, by 
 which means an eafy accefs is obtained to all the different 
 apartments, without the inconveniency of making any of them 
 a paflage. 
 
 The principal rooms are large and wejl difpofed. The 
 grand hall at the entrance is lofty, and the cieling curioufly 
 Y 2 wrought 
 
172 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 wrought with fret-work. In the breakfaft room ate many 
 pictures of the Mildmay family, fome of which ate Well exe- 
 cuted. Among thefe are Sir William Mildmay, who was 
 chancellor of the exchequer in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, 
 and founder of Emanuel College, Cambridge. The great 
 picture room contains feveral family portraits ; and here is alfo 
 a good piece of the old Duke of Schombergb, on horfeback, 
 attended by a black who carries his helmet. In the little 
 picture room contiguous to this, are fome good paintings : on 
 the right hand the door, is feen an half length of an old woman 
 in a white hood, wbofe diftorted features (hew the utmoft dif- 
 trefs. Upon her fhoulder a caterpillar is feen crawling, which 
 is faid not only to have caufed the violent agitation apparent 
 in her face, but alfo her death. Here is alfo an antique 
 painting of Matilda, daughter to the Lord Robert FitzWalter, 
 who was faid to be poifoned in the abbey of Dunmow by King 
 John. And in another room here, is a picture of one Sir 
 Henry Mildmay, a branch of this family, reprefenting him 
 as dead and hid out, covered with a black velvet pall. It is 
 faid that he died abroad, and that a faithful fervant, who ac- 
 companied him, employed a limner to draw him after his 
 deceafe. It is fo well done, as to ftrike the beholder with fome 
 degree of horror j and for this reafon has been removed from 
 the collection to an anti chamber. — The gardens belonging to 
 this feat are neatly laid out, and here is alfo a park prettily dif- 
 pofed. 
 
 Facing Moulfham hall are fix alms-houfe, which were 
 founded by Sir Thomas Mildmay, Bart, and Anne his wife, 
 for fix poor people. And at a little diflance from hence 
 there was formerly an houfe of Dominican friars. The build- 
 ing was very ftrong, being a compofition of brick, flint, and 
 free-done. The kitchen remained till within thefe few years, 
 and was efteemed a great curiofity ; the room being fupported 
 and decorated in the manner of the theatre in Oxford. The 
 fite of it is now called the Friars. — In a field called Long- 
 flumps, between Moulfham hall and Gailywood common, 
 formerly flood a chapel, which, belonged to the abbey of St. 
 Ofyth. 
 
 NEW-HALL. 
 
 This feat is now th« property of Lord. Waltham, and 1*3 
 Stuated in the parifb of Boreham, which is three miles from 
 Chelmsford. It is not certainly known by whom this edifice 
 was ereiSted 5. but it is fuppofed to have been built by Butler, 
 
 Earl 
 
THE BEAUtlES OF ENGLAND. 173 
 
 Earl of Ormond, in the reign of King Henry VII. It was 
 once made a place of royal refidence by King Henry VIII. 
 who in 1524 kept the feaft of St. George here. It after- 
 wards came into the pofleffion of George Monk, Duke of Al- 
 bemarle, famous for the fhare he had in bringing about the 
 Reftoration, Who lived here in great pomp. The late Lord 
 Waltham took down a corifiderable part of this great edifice, 
 arid yet referved enough of it to make a noble and commodious 
 country feat for himfelf, to which he added feveral new offices. 
 It iriuft, indeed, in its primitive grandeur, have been a houfe 
 of extraordinary fize, if what is very confidently faid be true, 
 namely, that what is now left is only one tenth part of the 
 original building. 
 
 The great hall is one of the nobleft in the kingdom. At 
 the entrance of it 'the beholder is (truck with its grandeur, it 
 being upwards of forty feet high, ninety in length, and fifty 
 wide. Qppofite to the grand entrance, is another door, which 
 formerly led into a fpacious court: over this are the arms, of 
 Henry VIII. done in baflb relievo in free ftone, and well exe- 
 cuted. The prefent Lord Waltham has greatly improved this 
 feat, and is now laying out the gardens and park with much 
 tafte. He has made a noble piece of water in the new gardens 
 behind the houfe, and eredted near it a good green-houfe. 
 He has likewife added to the other buildings a new wing for 
 (tables and coach-houfes. The avenue which leads from the 
 great road to the houfe is near a mile long, and has double rows 
 of lofty trees on each fide. It is reckoned the fineft io 
 England, and gives a very venerable air to this magnificent 
 manfion. 
 
 In the fame parilTi, Richard Hoare, Efq. an eminent banker 
 in London, has a fine feat. It is beautifully fituated at the 
 lop of an avenue of trees, between which is a fine piece of 
 Water, extending from the road nearly to the houfe. The 
 houfe it felf is not very large, but of an elegant conftru<5tion, 
 built of white brick ; the iniide is adorned with marble chimney 
 pieces, and other decorations, the fpoils of the ancient manfion 
 of New- hall. The gardens are prettily difpofed behind it; 
 from thefe runs a delightful lawn down to the banks of the 
 Chelmer, which, together with Danbury-hiil, and various 
 other beautiful objects that here meet the eye, fumifh a molt 
 agreeable landfcape. 
 
 Borcbain church is an ancient edifice, and there are here the 
 Jernaiiis of a fine monument in the Suftex chapel, which 
 
 was 
 
'74 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 was erected to perpetuate the memory of the noble family of 
 that name. There are three alabafter figures of Robert 
 JtadclifF, Henry RadclifY, and Thomas Radcliff, Earls of 
 Suffex ; and in the vault, which is very neat, are twelve 
 coffins, containing the remains of thefe noblemen, and others 
 of the fame family. Some of them have infcriptions on one 
 fide, and a ftar and garter on the other. Others are caft in a 
 human fhape, with eyes, nofe, mouth, &c. This ancient 
 chapel and monument were for many years in a ruinous ftate, 
 it being a fubjecl of difpute to whom it belonged to preferve 
 and repair them. But Richard Hoare, Efq. having obtained a 
 faculty to convert the chapel in to a place of interment for his 
 family, has repaired it for that purpofe at a confiderable ex- 
 pence. 
 
 In the church-yard is erected a Maufoleum for the Waltham 
 family, in the imitation of the Temple of the Winds at Athens. 
 It was built with white brick and ftone : the remains of the late 
 Lord Waltham are here depofited. 
 
 About three miles from Chelmsford is the parifh of Widfordy 
 wherein John Richard Comyns, Efq. has an handfome feat. 
 It is a neat modern built houfe, furrounded by a good park 
 and pleafant gardens, well watered. It is called Highlands, 
 from the loftinefs of its fituation j which circumftance renders 
 it very delightful, from the feveral pleafing profpecls it com- 
 mands. It was erected by the late Sir John Comyns, Chief 
 Baron of the Exchequer. 
 
 INGATESTONE. 
 This is a market-town in Eflex, fix miles from Chelms- 
 ford, and twenty three from London. It confifts chiefly of 
 inns, being a poft town, and the great thoroughfare to Nor- 
 folk, Suffolk, Harwich, and Colchefter. A confiderable 
 market for live cattle is held here every Wednefday ; and 
 a very large fair is annually held here on the firft of De- 
 cember, the principal commodity of which is alfo live 
 cattle. 
 
 Ingatejlone Hall, the property of Lord Petre, is a venerable 
 ftately pile of building, having within a fpacious court, and 
 before it is another, round which are the offices. It lies 
 very low, but upon that account is well fupplied with wa- 
 ter, and flcred with fifh-ponds ; and the gardens are laid out 
 in an elegant manner. — In the fame parifh is alfo a very 
 good modern built houfe, called the Hide; which was built 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 175 
 
 hy the late Timothy Brand, Efq; who was high-fheriff of 
 the county of Eflex in 1721, and it is now in poflefiion of 
 
 Thomas Brand, Efq. Ingateftone church is a good brick 
 
 edifice, and contains fome handfome monuments in memory of 
 the Petre family. 
 
 In the parifh of Margaretting^ which joins to Ingateftone 
 and Widford, Richard Holden, Efq; has a pleafant manfion- 
 houfe, known by the name of Cold Hall, It is an elegant 
 modern building, (ituated on an eminence, with gardens well 
 laid out. — There is alfo in this parifh, on the left hand fide of 
 the road leading from Chelmsford to Ingateftone, a very good 
 houfe belonging to Humphrey Sidney, Efq. Before the houfe 
 is a pleafant avenue of ftately trees. — There is a manor in this 
 parifh, named Shenfield, which is faid to be one of the houfes 
 of pleafure where King Henry VlII. ufed to refort to his mif- 
 trefles. The houfe lay in a bottom, had many large buildings 
 about it, and was furrounded by a moat. It had a draw bridge, 
 at the extremity of which were two ftrong watch-towers, of 
 brick ; and there was a chapel adjoining to the houfe. But 
 mod of the Original buildings, if not all, are now pulled 
 down, and it is become the habitation of a private gen- 
 tleman. 
 
 Tradition fays, that there was more than one place in the 
 county of Effex, fo which Henry VIII. ufed occafionally to 
 retire with his miftrefles. At fome diftance from hence is the 
 parifh of Blackmore, which he is reported to have made ufe 
 of for his amorous retreats. The manor houfe of Blackmore 
 is alfo called Jericho ; and we are told, that when Harry chofe 
 to retreat from public bufinefs, and indulge himfelf in the em- 
 braces of his courtezans, the cant phrafe among the courtiers 
 was, '« He was gone to Jericho." He is alfo faid to have 
 made ufe of Newland-hall in this county for the fame purpofe. 
 But, in truth, much more is faid of Henry's miftrefles by the 
 traditionary reports of the people of Effex, than is to be met 
 with in our hiftorians. 
 
 In the parifh of Great lVakham> which is about four miles 
 from Chelmsford, John Jolliff Tuffnel, Efq; ha3 an handfome 
 feat, about a quarter of a mile from the church, known by the 
 name of Langleys. It ftands on a pleafant eminence ; the foot 
 and fides of which are wafhed by the river Chelmer on the 
 north, and a brook on the fouth. There is a good park 
 around it and pleafant gardens. Great WaJtham church is 
 2 a ftrong 
 
176 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 a ffrong brick building, and contains fome hatidfome monu- 
 ments. 
 
 W I T H A M. 
 
 This is a neat and pleafant town, about thirty-feven miles 
 from London, and between eight and nine from Chelmsford. 
 It is a poft-town, and contains fome good inns. It has a mar- 
 ket for grain on Tuefdays, and two fairs are held here an- 
 nually, one on the Monday before Whitfunday, and the other 
 on the 14th of September. — Edward, the fon of King Alfred, 
 commonly called Edward the Elder, built this town in the be r 
 ginningof his reign, and refided at Maiden during the time it 
 
 § building. Witham church ftands upon an eminence, 
 
 ; fb ut half a mile weft from the town. The walls both of the 
 church and fteeple, are r>f Roman flint, except the top of the 
 tower, which is brick. There are fome monuments in the 
 church, two of which are ancient. 
 
 At the entrance into Witham from the Colchefter road, 
 up; 'ii the left hand, is a good houfe and gardens belonging to 
 the Earl of Abercorn y and General Douglas has alfo an hand- 
 fome houfe in the fame parifh. 
 
 In the parifli of Great Bracktead, which is about three miles 
 from Witham, Peter Du Cane, Efq; has an elegant feat, 
 culled B-axted Lodge. It is furrounded by a park, and ftands 
 upon an eminence which commands an agreeable profpe£r, of 
 
 the neighbouring country. Charles Buxton, Efq; has alfo 
 
 a good houfe in the fame parifh, with fpacious gardens well 
 watered. 
 
 Kelvedon is four miles from Witham, and about a mile 
 from the former is Falix HrJ.U the feat of Daniel Matthews, 
 Efq. It is a handfome edifice, fituated on an eminence, 
 and around it is a frnall paik. The gardens are laid out with 
 elegance, and have in them green-houfes, and hot houfes, 
 and every other requilite to render them ufefui as well as 
 pleafing. 
 
 COGGESHALL. 
 
 This is a market-town in Effex, about feven miles, from 
 Witham, and forty- four from London. It ftands partly on 
 the declivity of a hill, and is plcafantly fituated; and is 
 
 pretty 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 177 
 
 pretty large and populous. Here is a market on Thurfday 
 for corn, and an annual fair on Whitfun Tuefday. The 
 church is a fpacious and lofty edifice) and ftands pleafantly 
 at the upper end of the town, having a good profpe& fouth- 
 ward. 
 
 Hereabouts have been found the remains of fome antient lit— 
 'tie Roman ftation, or villa, adjoining to the road which leads to 
 the town. An arched vault of brick was difcovered, and in it 
 a burning lamp of glafs, covered with a Roman tile, about 
 fourteen inches fquare, and an urn with afhes and bones, and 
 other antiquities. — Ofgood Hanbury, Efq; has a good feat, 
 with a park, near this town, known by the name of Oldjield 
 Grange. 
 
 An Abbey was founded at Coggefhall, in the year 1142, by 
 King Stephen, and his Queen Maud, for Ciftercian or White 
 Monks, and dedicated to the Virgin Mary. The remains of 
 the abbey ftands within the precin&s of Little Coggefhall, 
 near the river ; it was a Gothic edifice, but is now moftly de- 
 molifhcd. 
 
 In the pariQi of Markjhall, which is two miles from Cog- 
 gefhall, General Honeywood, who is Lord of the Manor, has 
 a fine feat. It is an handfome edifice, pleafantly fituated near 
 the church, on a rifing ground. The gardens, park, and fifh- 
 ponds, contribute to make it a very pleafant retirement. In the 
 dining-room is an original painting of Mrs; Mary Waters, or 
 Honeywood, in a widow's habit. This memorable perfon was 
 born at Lenham, in Kent, and is faid to have continued forty- 
 four years a widow, and then arriving at the age of ninety-three, 
 faw 367 children lawfully defcended from her, 16 of her own 
 body, 1 14 grand-children, 228 in the third generation, and nine 
 in the fourth. 
 
 BRAINTREE. 
 This town is about fix miles from Coggefhall, and forty 
 irom London ; and is a great thoroughfare from London into 
 Suffolk and Norfolk. The buildings are moftly old, and of 
 timber j but fomewhat improved of late by a few new ones of 
 brick and plaifler. Here is a market every Wednefday, well 
 fupplied with all kinds of neceffaries, and at which vaft quan- 
 tities of corn, malt, and hops, are fold by fample. Two fairs 
 are held here annually ; one on the fecond of Oclober, which 
 holds three days j and the other on the eighth of May, which 
 
 Z Ms 
 
178 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 lafts the fame time ; the principal traffic of which is live cattle, 
 butter, and cheefe. 
 
 In the parifti of Black Not ley, which is at a little diftance 
 from Braintree, there is a handfome monument in the church- 
 yard, in memory of that celebrated naturalift, Mr. John Ray, 
 which was ereited at the expence of Henry Compton, Bi- 
 ftiop of London. Mr. Ray was born at Black Notley, be- 
 ing the fon of a blackfmith there* and was alfo interred there 
 in 1706. 
 
 BOOKING. 
 
 This is one of the moft confiderable villages in the county 
 of Eflex : it confilts chiefly of one ftreet, in which the baize- 
 trade is carried on to a very great amount. The church is 
 a fpacious building, fituated upon an eminence. Here is alfo 
 a large meeting-houfe, and another belonging to the Qua- 
 kers.-— —An urn of old coins, moftly Vefpafion's, was fome 
 time fince found in the grounds belonging to High Garret, in 
 this parifti. 
 
 In the parifti of Gorsfield, Lord Clare has a very hand- 
 fome feat, known by the name of Gorsfield Hall. It 
 is fituated at a fmall diftance from the church, and is 
 furrounded by an extenfive park, and has alfo elegant 
 gardens. 
 
 D U N M O W. 
 This is a very antient town, fituated pleafantly on a hill, 
 at the diftance of thirty-feven miles from London. The 
 trade of this place is inconfiderable, but a manufacture of 
 bays and blankets is carried on here. In the center of the 
 town ftands what is called the market-crofs, which is a very 
 antient edifice : and over againft this is the guildhall, in which 
 the town officers meet to tranfa£t the corporation-bufinefs. 
 The market is on Saturday, and here are two fairs held, for 
 toys only, one of which is on the fixth of May, and the other 
 on the eighth of November. The church ftands near a mile 
 north from the main ftreet, in a bottom, and is a large neat 
 building. 
 
 In the parifti of Little Dunmow, which is two miles from 
 the town of Dunmow, there was formerly a priory. It 
 ftood in a delightful fituation, but is now entirely decayed. 
 In this priory were maintained a prior, and ten or eleven 
 canons regular, of the order of St. Auguftine.— — Amongft 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 179 
 
 the jocular tenures of England, none have been more talked 
 or than the Bacon of Dunmow. It does not appear who 
 inftituted this cuftom, but it is generally fuppofed to be one 
 of the family of Fitzwalter. The prior and canons were 
 obliged to deliver the bacon to the perfon who took the follow- 
 ing oath, 
 
 * You (hall fwear, by cuftom of confefllon, 
 4 That you ne'er made nuptial tranfgreflion ; 
 
 4 Nor fmceyou were married Man and Wife, 
 4 By houfhold brawls or contentious ftrife, 
 
 * Or otherwife, in bed or at board, 
 
 4 Offended each other in deed or word ; 
 4 Or fince the parifti clerk faid Amen, 
 
 * Wifhed yourfelves unmarried agen j 
 4 Or in a twelvemonth and a day 
 
 4 Repented not in thought any way, 
 
 4 But continued true in thought and defire 
 
 4 As when you joined hands in holy quire ; 
 
 4 If to thefe conditions without all fear 
 
 4 Of your own accord you will freely fwear, 
 
 4 A whole Gammon of Bacon you fhall receive 
 
 4 And bear it hence with love and good leave. 
 
 4 For this is our cuftom at Dunmow well known, 
 
 4 Though the pleafure be ours, the bacon's your own.* 
 
 After this oath was taken, the claimant of the bacon was 
 taken in a chair provided for the purpofe, and ftill kept in the 
 church, and carried firft about the priory church-yard, and 
 after through the town, with all the priory brethren, his ba- 
 con being borne before him, and the town's people attending 
 with fhouts and acclamations j and in this manner he was con- 
 veyed home. 
 
 In the chartulary or regifter-book of this priory, now 
 preferved in the Briiijh Mufeum y there are entries and me- 
 morandums of perfons who have at feveral times received 
 the bacon ; namely, Richard Wright, of Badeburgh, near 
 Norwich, yeoman, in 1445. Samuel Fuller, of Little Eaft- 
 on, husbandman, in 1467. Thomas Fuller, of Coggefhall, 
 in 1510. 
 
 Since the fuppreffion of the priory this cuftom is ftill 
 kept up, and the ceremony is performed at a court baron 
 for this manor by the fteward, of which the following are 
 jnftances : — 4 At a court-baron of Sir Thomas May, Knight, 
 
 Z 2 4 held 
 
?8o 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 % held 7 June, 1701, before Thomas Wheeler, gent, ftew- 
 
 * ard, the homage being five fair ladies, fpinfters, namely, 
 
 * Elizabeth Beaumonr, Henrietta Beaumont, Annabella Beau- 
 ' mont, Jane Beaumont, and Mary Wheeler ; they found 
 
 * that John Reynolds, of Hatfield Broad Oak, gent, and 
 
 * Anne his wife, and William Parfley, of Great Eafton, 
 
 * butcher, and his wife Jane, by means of their quiet and 
 ' peaceable, tender and loving cohabitation for the fpace of 
 ' three years laft paft and upwards, were fit and qualified 
 e perfons to be admitted by the court to receive the an- 
 
 * cient and accuftomed oath, whereby to entitle themfelves 
 
 * to have the Bacon of Dunmow delivered to them accord- 
 
 * ing to the cuftom of the manor. Accordingly having taken 
 ' the oath, kneeling on the two great {tones near the church 
 
 * door, the bacon was delivered to each couple.' The 
 
 laft who received it were John Shakefhanks, wool comber, 
 and Anne his wife, of Wethersfield, on the twentieth of June, 
 
 T H A X T E D 
 
 Is an ancient town in Effex, fix miles from Dunmow, 
 and forty-two from London. There is but little trade in this 
 place ; but here are two fairs annually, one held on the 10th 
 of Auguft and the other on the Sunday after the Afcenfion, 
 This town is chiefly remarkable for its church, which is the 
 fineft in the county. It is a noble Gothic building j and the 
 length of it is an hundred and eighty-three feet, and the 
 breadth eighty-feven feet, in the infide, exclufive of the thick- 
 nefs of the walls, and the projection of the buttrefTes. It is 
 three hundred forty-five feet in circumference. It is built ca- 
 thedral-wife, with a crofs ifle ; and confifts of a fpacious and 
 lofty body witli north and fouth ifles. At the weft end ftands a 
 noble tower, and fpire, all of free-ftone, the perpendicular 
 height of which, from the fummit of the vane to the ground- 
 floor, is fixty yards, and one foot. 
 
 S AFFRON WALDEN. 
 
 This is a large and populous town, fevcn miles from 
 Thaxted, and forty-two from London. The neighbouring 
 fields were formerly chiefly appropriated to the cultivation of 
 faftron, from which circumftance it derived part of its name ; 
 but that plant is now chiefly cultivated more weftward, in 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 181 
 
 and about the confines of Cambridgefhire. Saffron is faid to 
 have been firft brought into Effex in the reign of King Ed- 
 ward III. and EfTex and Cambridgefhire faffron is accounted 
 the beit in the world. There is a great deal of the malting bu- 
 fmefs carried on at Saffron Walden ; here is likewife a manu- 
 facture for bolting cloth';, and for checks and fuftians. Many 
 of the poor are employed in the making of facks, and in fpin- 
 ning of fine yarn, for the manufactories in Norwich. Many 
 of the inhabitants are Diffenters, who have a meeting-houfe 
 for the Independents, another for the Baptifts, and a third for 
 the Quakers. It has a large market weekly on Saturday, and 
 two fairs annually ; one on the Sunday in Mid-lent, for horfes, 
 &c and the other on the firft of November, for cows, &c. — 
 The church is an ancient and ftately ftructure, fituated near- 
 ly in the center of the town. On the fouth fide of the chan- 
 cel are fteps which lead to a vault, the burial place of 
 the Suffolk family. The remains of fix Earls of Suffolk 
 are depofited here, and of others of the fame noble fami- 
 ly. And under the fouth arch of the chancel is an ele- 
 gant altar monument, erected to the memory of Lord Aud- 
 ley, High Chancellor of England, in the reign of King Henry 
 the Eighth 
 
 There was a priory founded here in 1136, by Geoffrey de 
 Mandeville, Earl of Effex ; and in the year 1 190, it was con- 
 verted into an abbey. The fcite of it was near the great pond 
 by the bowling green at Saffron Walden, where foundations 
 and bones have been dug up. 
 
 About a mile fouth of Saffron Walden is Audley House, 
 or as it is more frequently called, Audley End, which is at 
 prefent the feat of Sir John Griffin Griffin, who is Colonel of 
 the thirty-third regiment of foot, and a Lieutenant-Gene- 
 ral. It was built by Thomas Lord Audley of Walden, who 
 was created Earl of Suffolk by King James the Firft, to 
 whom he was Treafurer. The Earl defigned it as a Palace for 
 his Majefty, and when it was finiihed prefented it to him ; but 
 the King, when he faw its vaft extent and magnificence, faid 
 that " it would fuit very well a Lord Treafurer, but was too 
 " much for a King." It remained therefore in the poffeffion 
 of the Earls of Suffolk during that and the fucceeding reign, 
 but it was afterwards purchafed by King Charles the Second ; 
 who, not being able to pay for it, mortgaged the hearth tax 
 to the then Earls, as a fecurity for the money. This tax was 
 taken off foon after the Revolution, but the ftate not being 
 2 then 
 
J 82 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 then in a condition to pay the money for which it had been 
 pledged, the houfe was granted back again to the family. It 
 was then the largeft royal palace in the kingdom ; the expence 
 of building it is faid to have amounted to ninety thoufand 
 pounds. The mere model of it in wood is faid to have coft five 
 hundred pounds. It confifted of two courts, one of which, 
 and part of the other, including a gallery 226 feet long, 32 
 wide, and 24 high, were taken down by Henry Earl of Suf- 
 folk between fixty and feventy years ago. The part of ic 
 which is now remaining is only a fourth of its original extent. 
 Before the weft front of it are many lawns, rifing to the view, 
 and watered by the river Cam, cut in the form of a fine canal, 
 over which are two elegant bridges. The eaft front commands 
 an extenfive park, walled in, and a view of the church and 
 town of Saffron Walden. The fouth fide looks into a curious 
 piece of clumped pleafure ground, called the Mount Garden ; 
 and the north into a lawn, feverai plantations, and a neighbour- 
 ing village. 
 
 At Ajhdon, about three miles north-weft of Saffron Walden, 
 there are four barrows, or pyramidical hills, which were erect- 
 ed bv Canute the Dane, over the bodies of thofe who were 
 killed in a battle which was fought here, and in which Canute 
 totally defeated the army of Edmund Ironfide, and took molt 
 of the nobility who attended him prifoners. One of thefe hills 
 being dug into or opened, there were found, in a ftone coffin, 
 two bodies, one of which lay with his head towards the other's 
 feet j alfo two other ftone coffins were found with pieces of 
 bones in them, and many chains of iron, about the fize of 
 thofe belonging to horfes bits. 
 
 At Chejlerford) a village four miles north of Saffron Wal- 
 den, fome years ago the ruins of a Roman city were difcovered ; 
 the foundation of the walls take in a compafs of about fifty 
 acres j and the foundations of a Roman temple were not long 
 fince very vifible. 
 
 In the parifh of Had/lock, which joins to that of Aflidon, is 
 a very antient church, the north door of which is much adorned 
 with thick bars of iron work, of an irregular form, underneath 
 which is a fort of a fkin, faid to be that of a Danifh King : it 
 is nailed on with large nails. 
 
 There is a tradition about the church door of Copford 
 parifh, which is about five miles from Colchefter, of which 
 Mr. Newcourt gives us the following account. He fays, 
 
 it 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 183 
 
 it was * taken notice of in the year 1690, when an old man 
 < at Colchefter hearing Copford mentioned, faid, that in his 
 
 * young time, he heard his mafter fay, that he had read in 
 
 * an old hiftory, that the church of Copford was robbed by 
 
 * the Danes, and their fkins nailed to the doors ; upon which, 
 4 feme gentlemen being curious, went thither, and found a 
 
 * fort of tanned fkin, thicker than parchment, which is fup- 
 
 * pofed to be, human (kin, nailed to the door of the faid church, 
 
 * underneath the laid iron-work, fume of which fkin is Hill to 
 ' be leen. 5 
 
 CASTLE HED1NGHAM. 
 This place, which is about forty-eight miles from Lon- 
 don, was the caftle and chief feat of the noble family of 
 De Vere, Earls of Oxford, on which account the appellation 
 of caftle is prefixed to it. The greater part of the caftle is 
 demolifhed ; but the remaining tower is one hundred and ten 
 feet, from the ground to the top of the four-fquare turrets at 
 the corners. It is faid there were three other towers, and in its 
 perfe£ (fate this caftle appears to have been very lofty and mag- 
 nificent. 
 
 Queen Maud, wife of King Stephen, died in this caftle. 
 It was reckoned a place of great ftrength before the invention 
 of gunpowder. It held out fome time againft King John, 
 in 1215 ; and againft the Dauphin Lewis, who had been in- 
 vited over by fome of the Barons in 121 7. — It was at this caf- 
 tle that King Henry the Seventh, whofe avaricious character is 
 well known, made John De Vere, Earl of Oxford, pay fo 
 extravagantly for having had the honour of entertaining him. 
 The King having been feafted in a very fumptuous manner by 
 the Earl, at his going away the Earl's fervants and tenants flood 
 in their livery coats, with cognizances, ranged on both fides, 
 and made the King a lane to pafs through them. Upon 
 this Henry called the Earl to him, and faid, «* My Lord, I have 
 *' heard much of your hofpitalky, but I fee it is greater than 
 " the fpeech. Thefe handfome gentlemen and yeomen, which 
 " I fee on both fides of me, are fure your menial fervants." 
 The Earl fmiled and faid, " It may pleafe your Grace, 
 " that were not for mine eafe. They are moft of them my 
 ** retainers, who are come to do me fervice at fuch a time as 
 *' this, and chiefly to fee your Grace." The King ftarted a 
 little, and faid, " By my faith, my Lord, I thank you for my 
 " good cheer, but I may not endure to have my laws broken 
 
 " in 
 
184 
 
 A NEW DISHAY OF 
 
 44 in my fight. My attornsy mud fpeak with you.* 8 
 And accordingly the King obliged him to pay a fine of 
 fifteen thouland marks, for a breach* of the ftatute ag-ainft 
 retainers. 
 
 Hedingham Caftle is now the property of Sir Harry Hogh- 
 ton, Bart, who lately diftinguifhed himfelf fo honourably in the 
 Houfe of Commons, in the promotion of religious liberty; and 
 who has a handfome modern edifice here, in which he occafion- 
 ally refides. The village is a neat and healthy place, and there 
 are three fairs held here, one on the 3d of May, another on 
 the 23d of July, and the third on the 6th of December. — Sir 
 Harry Hoghton has erected a ftrong bridge of brick here, con- 
 fiding of three arches, at his own expence. 
 
 A religious houfe was founded in this parifti, for black-veiled 
 Tjuns, of the Benedi&ine order, by Alberic de Vere, the firft 
 Earl of Oxford. The nunnery-houfe is flill in being, but con- 
 vet ted into a farm-houfc, andmoft of the church or chapel be- 
 longing to it, is ftill (landing. 
 
 In the middle of the chancel of Cattle Hedingham church, 
 is an handfome and curious marble tomb, containing the re- 
 mains of John de Vere, the fifth Earl of Oxford of that 
 name. There are alfo fome other handfome monuments in the 
 church. — There is a meeting-houfe in this parifti, and Peter 
 Muilman, Efq; has a good feat here, known by the name of 
 Kirby Hall. 
 
 The parifti of Hedingham Sible joins to this, and in the wall 
 of the fouth ifle of the church there, is part of a fuperb arch, 
 which formerly contained a magnificent monument in memory 
 of Sir John Hawkwood, who was a very remarkable perfon, 
 and who was born here. He was the fon of Gilbert Hawk - 
 wood, a tanner of this place ; and was bound apprentice to 
 a taylor in the city of London, where being prefled into the 
 fervice of King Edward the Third, then about to make war 
 in France, he behaved himfelf fo gallantly, that he was firft 
 made a Captain, and then Knighted by that Prince. When 
 the French war was at an end, he offered his fervice to the 
 Hates of Florence, in which he fignalized himfelf fo much, 
 - that Barnaby Galeazo, Duke of Milan, gave him his daughter 
 Domnia to wife, by whom he had a fon, who was born in Italy, 
 but naturalized and Knighted in England, in the reign of Henry 
 IV. — Sir John Hawkwood died in a very advanced age in 
 1394, and was buried in the cathedral church of Santa Maria 
 
 Florida 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 185 
 
 Florida at Florence, where that republic, out of gratitude to 
 his memory and extraordinary deferts, have honoured him with 
 a ftatue on horfeback, and a noble monument. — A manor in 
 the parifli of Sible Hedingham, called Hawkfiuoocfs manor, de- 
 rives its name from this eminent man. 
 
 In the parifh of Bulmer, which is at a fmall diftance, Ro- 
 bert Andrews, Efq; has an handfome feat, known by the name 
 of Auberies. It is a modern, regular, and uniform brick 
 building, and is fituated upon an eminence, \vhich commands 
 a delightful profpedr, of the borough of Sudbury, and of fome 
 part of Cambridgefhire. It is adorned with gardens laid out in 
 a pleafing tafte, and has feveral ponds belonging to it, well 
 flocked with fifh. 
 
 HA LSTEAD. 
 
 This is a pleafant and healthy town In Efiex, at the diftance 
 of forty-feven miles from London, fituated on the fide of a hill, 
 the foot of which is watered by the river Colne. There are 
 many hops produced here, for the excellency of which this 
 towi\ is famous ; and a manufactory for bays is eftablifhed here. 
 A market is held every Friday, and two fairs annually, one on 
 the 6th of May, and the other on the 29th of O&ober, for 
 cattle, hops, and toys- Here is a grammar- fchool, which waS 
 founded in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. 
 
 In the parifh of Great Maplejlead, which is about three miles 
 from Halflead, Henry Sperling, Efq; has an handfome fear, 
 known by the name of Dynes Hall. The houfe is an hand- 
 fome edifice, a mile fouth of the church, and fituated upon arr 
 eminence, commanding a beautiful profpeft. The gardens be- 
 longing to it are elegant. 
 
 COLCHESTER. 
 This is a very ancient town, in the north-eaft part of the 
 county of EiTex, at the diftance of about fifty-one miles 
 from London. It ftands upon the north fide of a find 
 eminence, rifing gradually from the river Colne, which wa- 
 ters the north and eaft fides. It is the moft confiderable 
 town in the county, and is governed by a mayor, high— 
 fteward, recorder, eleven aldermen, eighteen common coun- 
 eil-men, and other corporation officers. It Was laft incorpora- 
 ted by King William the Third, and is a liberty of ftfeK, ha- 
 ving four wards and fixteen parifhesj eight of which are withinf 
 the walls, and eight without. It is a populous place, and is 
 
 A a about 
 
i86 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 about three miles in circumference ; the ftreets are fpaeioiis, 
 and though not in general remarkably well built, yet there 
 are agreat many good houfes in it, befides the guild-hall, ad- 
 joining to which is the town-gaol, and a hall called Dutch- 
 baize-hall, belonging to a corporation for the fupport of the bays 
 and fay manufactures, both which are fine buildings. Here 
 are ten parifh churches, and three meeting-houfes, of which 
 one is far the Quakers. Here are two charity-fchools, one for 
 feventy boys, and the other for fifty boys and girls, a work-houfe, 
 and two free grammar-fchools j and there are three bridges upon 
 the river Colne, which was made navigable by act of parliament 
 for fmall craft up to a long ftreet next the water-fide, called the 
 Hithe, where there is a quay, and for mips of large burthen, 
 to a place called the Wyvenhoe, within three miles of the 
 town, where there is a cuftom-houfe. 
 
 Colchefter had formerly the greateft manufactory of bays and 
 fays of any in England ; but that trade has of late years confi- 
 derably declined here. This place is alfo remarkable for candy- 
 ing eringo roots, but much more for its oyfters, for which it is 
 particularly famous. They are taken near the mouth of the 
 Colne, upon fands called the Spitts, and are carried up to the 
 Wyvenhoe, where they are laid in beds or pits on the more to 
 feed ; after they have continued in thefe pits fome time, they 
 are barrelled and brought to Colchefter, from whence they are 
 fent in great quantities to London and other places. Such fhoals 
 of fprats are caught here, and confumed by the woollen ma- 
 nufacturers, that the common name for this fiih is the weavers 
 beef of Colchefter. 
 
 This town has fent members to parliament from the 23d of 
 Edward I. to the prefent timej and upwards of fifteen hundred 
 perfons are entitled to votes here. There are three market- 
 days in every week in this town, viz. on Wednefday, Friday, 
 and Saturday ; and here are five fairs held, one on the fecond 
 Tuefday in April, another on the 5th of July, another on the 
 23d of July, another on the 2d of Auguft, and the laft on the 
 20th of October. 
 
 Colchefter is fuppofcd by fome to be the ancient Camulodu- 
 num-, and it has been obferved, that there are a greater quan- 
 tity of Roman remains here than in any other part of Britain ; 
 vaft quantities of Roman bricks and tiles being to be feen in- 
 corporated, and which are indeed 4 the principal ingredients in all 
 the moft antient edifices ; the town wall, the caftle, and the 
 churchts being half built (with themt The Suppellex Romana 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 187 
 
 of all kinds ftill abounds, fcarcely any places being; dug up with- 
 out difcovering urns, vafes, and poterie, of all forts, or at leaft 
 fragments ; among which is a great deal of the fine glazed and 
 red ware, refembling the moft beautiful of that which comes 
 from China. Lamps, rings, intaglias, ftyles, chains, and fe- 
 pulchral urns, with the afhes therein, are likewife frequently 
 found. A remarkable urn in particular was taken up a few 
 years ago ; it contained twenty gallons, having in it another of 
 two gallons, with the afhes, as is fuppofed, of a Roman lady, 
 becaufe there were alio with it two bottles of clay for incenie, 
 two clay lamps, one metal veflel for ointment, and a fpeculum 
 of polifhed metal, anciently ufed for a looking-glafs. And 
 there are here a great number of Mofaic or teiTelated pave- 
 ments, about three feet under ground, having black, white, 
 red, and yellow teiTene, and looking like a beautiful carpet. 
 Some of thefe are preferved, being inclofed and covered. But 
 as to Roman coins and medals, it is faid that even bufhels have 
 been found in and about this town, and amongft them many 
 gold ones. — The walls of this town are ftill if anding, but very 
 much decayed in fome places, particularly on the north fide. 
 Where the walls remain perfect:, it is faced either with Ro- 
 man brick, or fquare ftones, about feven or eight inches in 
 diameter. 
 
 Colchefter-caftle (rands on the north fide of what is called the 
 High-ftreet, and is a fquare of about two hundred and twenty- 
 four yards in circumference on the outfide. The whole building 
 is a mixture of ftone and Roman bricks ; but moft of the Ro- 
 man bricks are in broken pieces, taken from the ruins of more 
 ancient edifices formerly {landing in the town. The corners of 
 the walls, and fides of doors and windows, are of free ftone. — 
 Jn 1631, Dr.Harfnet, archbiftiop of York, gave to the town 
 of Colchefter all his library of books, and they are depofited 
 in the caftle. Several additions have fince been made to this 
 library ; and a very capital addition of valuable books would 
 have been made to it by the late Bifhop Compton ; but the love 
 of learning was then fo prevalent at Colchefter, that the Bi- 
 fhop's benefaction was neglected, in order to fave the expence of 
 carriage ! 
 
 D E D H A M 
 
 Is fituated feven miles from Colchefter. This was an- 
 ciently a famous cloathing-town, fo early as the reign of King 
 Richard the Second ; and the bay-trade extended into it af- 
 terwards i but is now greatly on the decline. The town 
 
 A a 2 is 
 
A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 is tolerably well built, and there are fome very large houfes in 
 it. Here is a grammar-fchool, the governors of which were 
 incorporated by a charter granted by Queen Elizabeth ; and 
 that princefe particularly enjoined the parents of the boys who 
 were educated at this fchool, that they fhould furnifh their fons 
 with bows, ihafts, bracers and glee?, in order to train them 
 to arms. — Dedham church is an handfome and fpacious build- 
 ing, and the roof of an arch unaerneath the fteeple is finely 
 adorned with the arms of the two families of York and Lan- 
 cafter, and red and white rofesj and at the eaft fide of the 
 battlements there is a ftatue of Margaret, Countefs of Rich- 
 mond, and coronets all round. 
 
 MANINGTREE 
 Is a market-town in EjfTex, at the diftance of about fixty 
 miles from London. It is fituated on the fouth fide of the river 
 Stour, and a confiderable trade is carried on here in deals, coals, 
 iron and corn; and from hence the beft whitings, and a quantity 
 of other fijfa, are carried to Colchefter. The market is held 
 here on Thurfday, and here is a fair on the 15th of June. — , 
 Richard Rigby, Efq; has an handfome feat near this town, 
 known by the name of Mistley Hall, which is pleafantly 
 fituated cn an eminence. It is adorned with extenfive gardens, 
 and plantations, laid out in much tafte. 
 
 At Mijiley Thorn, the late Richard Rigby, Efq; (father of 
 the prefent gentleman of the fame name, who is well known in 
 the political world) built a village of about thirty brick houfes, 
 convenient for tradefmen, and well inhabited. He alfo built 
 feveral granaries, warehoufes, a large malting office, and made 
 good quays and coal-yards, and there is now a large trade car- 
 ried on here.— Maningtree church is a neat edifice, and was 
 built at the expence of Mr. Rigby. 
 
 HARWICH. 
 
 This town is at the diftance of feventy-two miles from 
 London, and is fituated on a cliff or point of land, at the 
 north eaft corner of the county of ElTex. It is bounded on 
 the eaft by the fea, and on the north by the mouth of the ri- 
 yer Sour, and the haven of Orwell. The warning and un- 
 arming of the tides, and the falling of large pieces of the 
 vlifF, have made tbis point a peninfula, and it is apprehended 
 in a courfe of years, will make it quite an ifland. The town 
 ? "' ■. "" ' ' ' . i| 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 189 
 
 is not large, but well built, and populous. It was formerly 
 walled round, and had four gates ; it had alfo a caftle, and an 
 admiralty houfe. It was firft made a borough by King Edward 
 the Second, and was afterwards incorporated by King James the 
 Firft. Between this town and a high hill, called Beacon-hill, 
 not far diftant, there is a cliff confifting of a kind of clay, parts 
 of which are continually falling down into a petrifying water at 
 the bottom, which they imbibe, and being afterwards taken out 
 and dried, they become an impenetrable and durable ftone, and 
 with this flone the town is paved. 
 
 The harbour is very fafe, and fo fpacious, that an hundred 
 fail of men of war, and their tenders, befides three or four hun- 
 dred fail of colliers, have fometimes been feen here at the fame 
 time. The mouth of the harbour at high water, is near three 
 miles wide, but the channel, by which alone the mips can come 
 into the harbour, is deep and narrow, and lies on the Suffolk, 
 fide j fo that all the mips that come in or go out, are commanded 
 by a ftrong fort, called Landguard Fort, which was built by 
 King James the Firft, on a point of land, fo furrounded by the 
 fea at high water, that it looks like an ifland, lying about a mile 
 from the fhore. The town was formerly fortified on the land 
 fide, but in the reign of King Charles the Firft, the fortifica- 
 tions were demolifhed. — There is a guildhall, and a tolerable 
 good exchange at Harwich ; and as it is a fea port, here is a 
 cuftom-houfe, called the King's houfe, with a collector, comp- 
 troller, land-furveyor, tide- fur vey or, two land-waiters, and 
 four tide-waiters. 
 
 For the guidance of veffels into the harbour, in a room over 
 the chief gate there is alight kept every night with a coal-fire, 
 to which anfwers a light-houfe on the town -green below the 
 cliff, with lamps fupplied with oil. By means of them fhipa 
 are conduced clear of afand called the Andrews, into the roil- 
 ing grounds, where there is a good anchorage. The fhorteft 
 and fafeft paffage between England and Holland being from this 
 port, it brings a confiderable number of travellers this way, ef- 
 pecially in time of war ; for whofe conveniency, and the car- 
 rying of the mails, there are four pacquet boats, and in war-time 
 two Dover pacquet boats. King William, and King George I. 
 and II. ufually embarked and landed at this place, in their j >ur- 
 nies to and from Holland and Hanover. 
 
 Here is a good yard for building mips, with ftore-houfes, 
 pranes, launches, and other rieceflaries. The town-hall arid 
 
190 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 gaol were lately pulled down, and rebuilt with brick ; and the 
 private buildings and pavement of the ftreets, are of late years 
 much improved. The fifhery here is fo much increafed of late 
 years, that there are now upwards of fixty fifhing floops be- 
 longing to this town, of about fifty tons burthen. The cop- 
 peras works, which were formerly carried k on here, have been 
 dropped for fome years, and very little copperas is now picked 
 up here ; neither are there many lobfters taken on the fhore, 3$ 
 formerly. But a number of fifhing floops from hence are em- 
 ployed to fetch lobfters from Norway to London, and other 
 markets, each of them bringing on an average about twelve or 
 fourteen thoufand on a fingle voyage, and moft of them ma- 
 king two voyages from hence between February and July. As 
 many, or rather a larger number of veflels, fail every winter 
 from hence to the Dogger bank, and there fifh for Dogger cods, 
 which are very large and much efteemed. This fifhery, till 
 within thefe five or fix years, was not underftood by our fifher- 
 men; but they are now become fo expert therein, that hopes 
 are entertained of eftablilhing the turbot-trade here likewife, 
 which will be a great faving to the nation, as the Dutch carry 
 a great quantity of ready fpecie from London markets every fea- 
 fon, for that kind of fifh. 
 
 Part of a Roman caftra or camp, ftill remains at Harwich ; 
 and here and there are found mutilated parts of a large ftone 
 pavement, which are fuppofed to be a fufficient proof of its 
 having been a Roman military way ; or, in the Saxon ftile, a 
 Stane ftreet. Several coins have been found here; and a tef- 
 felated pavement was alfodifcovered, and a wall pulled down 
 about twenty years ago, built entirely of Roman materials. — 
 At a Roman caftle called by Camden, Walton, otherwife Fe- 
 ]i>:(tow-caftle, many fragments of urns, and other antiquities 
 have been dug up. An elephant's tooth was likewife found near 
 the remains of this caftle ; and it is faid that more of them have 
 been found in Harwich cliff, which were probably buried here 
 by the Romans. Dion Caflxus fays, that elephants were brought 
 into Britain by Claudius, who landed his army in Kent, and 
 crofTed theT names with it into Eflex, where he conquered the 
 natives. This happened A. D. 43. So that thefe teeth are 
 fuppofed to have lain in the earth 1700 years. 
 
 Harwich church is only a chapel of eafe to the mother 
 church of Dover-court. It was founded by Roger Bigod, Earl 
 of Norfolk. -—Harwich fends two members to parliament.— 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 191 
 
 Here are two fairs held, one on the feaft of Sr. Philip and 
 St. James, and the other on the feaft of St. Luke the Evan- 
 gelift. 
 
 Dover-court is a mile diftant from Harwich. In this parifli 
 grows ftrong knotted and crooked elms, famous for their feve- 
 ral ufes in hufbandry, which are faid to be very durable, and to 
 wear like iron. Here are two fairs held, one on the ift of May, 
 and another on the 18th of October. 
 
 There are three iflands fouth-weft of Harwich, called 
 Pewet, Horfey, and Holmes, which however are ftparated 
 from the main land only by the winding of a ftream, and 
 the influx of the fea into that ftream. Upon thcfe iflands 
 there is found a fea^fowl, which, when fat, is very delicious 
 food ; fouth of thefe iflands there are three villages, which 
 are included within a liberty or lordfhip, anciently called the 
 liberty of the Soke, in which the Sheriff of the county has 
 no power, and in which no writ can be executed but by 
 the bailiff of the liberty, nor by him without the confent of 
 the lord. 
 
 St. O S Y T H. 
 
 This is a parifh in Eflex, at the diftance of twelve miles from 
 Colchefter. It derived its name from the lady Ofgy th, or Ofyth, 
 who was obliged by her father, againft her will, to marry Sig- 
 here, King of the Eaft Angles. She found means, however, 
 to prevent the marriage being confummated ; and, in the abfence 
 of her hufband, took the veil. He at length confented to her 
 living in a ftate of celibacy, and gave her a village which was 
 Situated at this place, called Chich, or Cice, and permitted her 
 to found here a church, and a nunnery. But Ingua and Hubba, 
 we are told, fpoiled the nunnery, and caufed her head to be cut 
 off, at a fountain where (he ufed to wafh herfelf with her vir- 
 gins ; (he was buried, it is (aid, before the door of the church 
 erected by herfelf. 
 
 Richard de Beauveis, bifhop of London, founded a mo- 
 naftery hereabout the year 11 18, for canons of the order 
 of St. Auguftine. The revenues of this monaftery were very 
 large, and there are two parks belonging to it. At the diflo- 
 lution of the monafteries, this place was granted to the fa- 
 mous Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Eflex. It afterwards became 
 the property of Lord Darcy, who converted it into a feat 
 for himfeif. Part of it only is ftanding, yet it is a noble 
 
 pile 
 
A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 pile of building, and is now the feat of the Earl of Roch- 
 ford. 
 
 M A L D E N 
 Is a very ancient town in EfTex, at the diftance of thirty-feven 
 miles from London. It ftands on an eminence or fide of a 
 hill, fouth of Blackwater bay. It confifts of one wide ftreer, 
 extending from weft to eaft near a mile, which is crofted 
 near the top by another. On the weft fide of the town are the 
 remains of a camp, through the middle of which is the road 
 to Chelmsford j three fides of the fortifications are vifible, being 
 a fquare or oblong, inclofing about twenty-two acres ; the reft 
 is built upon and defaced. The bay here makes a convenient 
 harbour for fhips, and the merchants carry on a confiderabfe 
 trade in coal, iron, deals, and corn. Maiden has fent burgef- 
 fes to parliament from the third year of the reign of Edward 
 III. — The market here is on Saturday, and a fair is held three 
 weeks before Michaelmas, and another on Lady-day, and two 
 days after. 
 
 A fhopkeeper of this town, whofe name was Edward 
 Bright, was rendered famous by his extraordinary bulk and 
 weight. He is mentioned in the Philofophical Tranfadtions, and 
 prints were publifhed of him. Another inftance of fo vaft a fize 
 is fcarcely to be met with in ancient or modern hiftory. At the 
 age of 12 years he weighed 144 pounds ; at 19 he weighed 
 336 pounds ; about thirteen months before he died, his neat 
 weight was 41 ftone 10 pounds, or 584 pounds ; at the time 
 of his death he was manifeftly grown bigger fince his laft weigh- 
 ing, in that proportion by which he had encreafed on an aver- 
 age, viz. of about two ftone a year ; fo that he was nearly 
 44 ftone, or 6 1 6 pounds neat weight. He meafured five feet 
 nine inches and an half in height ; his body round his cheft 
 was five feet fix inches, and round his belly fix feet eleven in- 
 ches. His arm in the middle was two feet two inches about, and 
 his leg two feet eight inches. After his death feven men were 
 buttoned in his waiftcoat. He died in 1750, aged twenty-nine. 
 He was an active man till a year or two before his death, when 
 his corpulency fo overpowered his ftrength, that his life began 
 to be a burthen to him. He left a widow big with her fixth 
 child. His coffin was of an enormous fize, and they were 
 obliged to cut a way through the wall and ftaircafe, to let 
 his corpfe down into the (hop. It was drawn upon a carriage 
 
 to 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 193 
 
 to the church, and let down into the vault by the help of a Ai- 
 der and pullies. 
 
 RO CHFOR D 
 Is a town in EfTex, at the diftance of forty miles from Lon- 
 don, fituated on a fmall ftream that falls into a river called the 
 Grouch. It gives its name to the hundred in which it lies. The 
 market is on Thurfday, and here are two fairs annually, one on 
 Eafter Tuefday, and the other on the Wednefday after Mi- 
 chaelmas day.— At King's-hill, about half a mile north-eaft of 
 Rochford church, is held what is called the Lawlefs- court, a 
 whimfical cuftom, the origin of which is not known. On the 
 Wednefday morning next after Michaelmas-day, the tenants 
 are bound to attend, upon the firft cock-crowing, and to kneel 
 and do their homage, without any kind of light but fuch as the 
 Heavens will afford, The fteward of the court calls all fuch as 
 are bound to appear, with as low a voice as poffible, giving no 
 notice when he goes to execute his office; however, he that givts 
 not an anfwer is deeply amerced. They are all to whifper to 
 each other, nor have they any pen and ink, but fupply that de- 
 ficiency with a coal ; and he that owes fuit and fervice, and ap- 
 pears not, forfeits to the Lord of the Manor double his rent 
 every hour he is abfent. A tenant of this manor forfeited, not 
 long ago, his land for non-attendance, but was reftored to it, 
 the Lord only taking a fine. 
 
 At the diftance of five miles from Rochford, is Hadley, 
 or Hadley ad Castrum, as it has been ftiled ever fince 
 the reign of King Henry the Third, when Hubert de Burgh, 
 Earl of Kent, built acaftle here. The ruins ftill extant, fhew 
 its ancient grandeur. It is near a mile fouth from the church, 
 and about three quarters of a mile from the road, facing 
 the Channel or Canvey-ifland. It is fituated on the brow of 
 a fteep hill, there is from thence a delightful profpeft acrofs 
 the Thames into Kent. It is built of ftone almoft of an 
 oval form ; the entrance is at the north- weft corner, between 
 two towers, and there are alfo two towers at the fouth-eaft 
 and north-eaft corners, which are embattled, and have loop 
 holes on the fides ; the walls in the bottom of the towers are 
 nine feet thick, and the reft five feet ; and on the north and 
 fouth fides, the walls are ftrengthened with buttreffes. The ce- 
 ment or mortar, which is almoft as hard as the ftones themfelves, 
 hath in it a mixture of (hells of fea-fifli, &c. At the entrance, 
 
 B b the 
 
194 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 the earth lying very high near the towers, a very deep ditch h 
 cut behind them which runs along the north fide of the caftle 5 
 the ruins are now greatly over-grown with bufh.es. 
 
 ROCHESTER. 
 This is a very ancient city in the county of Kent, at the dif- 
 tance of thirty miles from London. It is fituated on an angle 
 of land formed by the current of the river Medway, which 
 coming from the fouth runs northward till it has pafled by the 
 city ; and then, turning, proceeds nearly to the eaft. This 
 city has fent members to parliament from the earlieft times, 
 and is the fee of a Bifhop, and next to Canterbury, the molt 
 ancient fee in England. It is but a fmall city, though it is 
 fuppofed to have been walled round before the conqueft ; and 
 • great part of the walls {till remain. The town is well fup- 
 plied with proviftons of every kind, and with plenty of fifh 
 from the Medway. The buildings are lately much improved, 
 and in feveral parts of the town are fome agreeable residences 
 for fmall genteel families. On Boley Hill, which is a retired 
 and pleafant fituation, is an ancient feat, which is the property 
 of Jofeph Brooke, Efq; wherein Queen Elizabeth was enter- 
 tained in 1573. Part of the houfe has been new-built by Mr. 
 Brooke. And near to this, on a delightful eminence, is the 
 
 i refidence of Gordon, Efqj from many parts of whofe 
 
 houfe is a pleafing view of the Medway and the furrounding 
 hills. This gentleman is poflefled of a collection of fine paint- 
 ings, many of them by the firft mafters in that polite art ; par- 
 ticularly two capital drawings of Rubens, viz, the Crucifixion 
 and the Penticoft. 
 
 There are three capital and fpacious inns in this city, which 
 will vie with moft in England, as well for their good accommo- 
 dations, as for their antiquity. Nearly on the fame fpot where 
 the Crown now ftands, has been an inn diftinguifhed by that 
 name upwards of four hundred and fifty years, it having 
 been kept by Simon Potyn, the founder of St. Catharine's hof- 
 pital, A. D. 1316. It alfo appears from court rolls, that on 
 the fame fpots where the Bull and the King's-head now ftand, 
 there have been houfesof public entertainment diftinguifhed by 
 the fame figns for above three hundred years.-— In the neigh- 
 bourhood of this city are feveral very rural and pleafant walks, 
 particularly on the banks of the Medway. 
 
 Rochefttr 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 195 
 
 Rochefter Cajlle, which is fuppofed to have been erected about 
 700 years, is placed on a fmall eminence, near the river ivled- 
 way, juft above Rochefter bridge, and confequently is in the 
 fouth-weft angle of the walls of the city. It is nearly of a 
 quadrangular form, having its fides parallel with the walls of 
 the city. It is about three hundred feet fquare within the walls, 
 which were feven feet in thicknefs, and twenty feet high 
 above the prefent ground, with embrafures. Three fides of 
 the caftle were furrounded with a deep broad ditch, which is 
 now nearly filled up; on the other fide runs the Medway. In 
 the angles and fides of the caftle were feveral fquare towers, 
 fome of which are ftill remaining which were railed above the 
 walls, and contained lower and upper apartments, with embra- 
 fures on their tops. 
 
 But what chiefly attracts the notice of a fpeclator, is the 
 noble tower, which ftands in the fouth eaft angle of this caftle, 
 and is fo lofty as to be feen diftinclly at twenty miles diftance. 
 It is quadrangular in its form, having its fides parallel with the 
 walls of the caftle. And from the top of it is a very pleafing 
 profpect of the city and adjacent towns, with their public build- 
 ings, the dock-yard at Chatham, the meanders of the Medway, 
 and the furrounding country. 
 
 There is an antient ftone Bridge at Rochefter, over the 
 Medway, whsch was erected in the reign of Richard II. Sir 
 Robert Knolles is celebrated for being the founder of this 
 bridge. He was diftinguilhed both by his courage and military 
 preferments, being raifed by degrees from the rank of a com- 
 mon foldier to that of a General. He attended Edward 111. in 
 his fuccefsful campaigns in France ; and when the King's affairs 
 declined by the ill ftate of health of Edward the Black Prince, 
 Sir Robert was fent over to the continent with an army of thirty 
 thoufand men. He advanced into the heart of France, and ex- 
 tended his conquefts as far as the gates of Paris. In this, and 
 many other expeditions, he acquired great riches, and returned 
 to his country laden with wealth and honour. 
 
 Lombard fays, Sir Robert built this bridge with " the 
 ** fpoils of towns, caftles, churches, monafteries and cities, 
 " which he burnt and deftroyed ; fo that the ruins of houfes, 
 " &c were called Knolles's Mitres." — This bridge, for height 
 and ftrength, is allowed to be fuperior to any in England, ex- 
 cepting the bridges at London and Weftminfter. It is above 
 five hundred aud lixty feet long, and fouiteen feet broad, with 
 
 B b % aftune 
 
i 9 6 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 a ftone parapet on each fide, ftrongly coped and crowned with 
 an iron balluftrade. It has eleven arches, fupported by ftrong 
 and fubftantial piers, which are well fecured on each fide 
 with fterlings. The river has a confiderable fall through 
 
 thefe arches At the eaft end, and fronting the paflage 
 
 pver the bridge, a chapel was originally erected by Sir John 
 Cobham, who gave fome afliftance to Sir Robert KnoUes in 
 building the bridge ; but a neat ftone building has fmce been 
 erected on the place where the chapel flood, wherein the 
 perfons to whom the care of the bridge is entrufted, hold their 
 meetings. 
 
 A bifhopric was founded at Rochefter, in the reign of Ethel- 
 berr, King of Kent, foon after Auguftine the Monk had land- 
 ed in the ifle of Thanet, and preached at Canterbury. The 
 firft church at Rochefter was finifhed in the year 604, but this 
 building having fuffered confiderably by time and the ravages 
 of foreign enemies, biftiop Gundulph rebuilt the cathedral about 
 the year 1080. It contifts of a body and two ifles, one on 
 each fide ; its extent, from the weft door to the ftep afcending 
 to the choir, is fifty yards, and from thence to the eaft windows 
 at the upper end of the altar, fifty-two yards more, in all one 
 hundred and two yards, or three hundred and fix feet. At the 
 entranceof the choir is a great crofs ifle, the length of which, 
 from north to fouth, is one hundred and twenty-two feet. At 
 the upper end of the choir, between the Bifhop's throne and 
 the high altar, is another crofs ifle, which extends from north 
 to fouth, ninety feet. 
 
 The weft front extends eighty-one feet in breadth ; the arch 
 of the great door is doubtlefs the fame which Gundulph built j 
 and is a moft curious piece of workmanfhip, every ftone being 
 engraved with fome device. It muft have been very magnifi- 
 cent in its original ftate, its remaining beauties being fufficient 
 to excite the attention of the curious; it is fupported by feve- 
 ral columns on each fide, two of which are carved intoftatues 
 reptefentingGundulph's royal patrons, Henry I. and his Queen 
 Matilda. T he capitals of thefe columns, as well as the whole 
 arch, are cut into the figures of various animals and flowers. 
 The key ftone of the arch feems to have been defigned to re T 
 prefent St. Andrew, the apoftle and tutelar faint of the church, 
 fitting in a niche, with an angel on each fide, but the head is 
 broke off : under the figure of St. Andrew, are twelve other 
 figures, fupppfed to be cjefigned for the twelve apoftles, fome 
 
 fevy 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 197 
 
 few of which are perfect ; but in general the whole arch is much 
 injured by time. 
 
 On each fide of the weft door is a fquare tower j that on the 
 north fide has lately been rebuilt, and has on the centre niche, 
 on the weft front, a very ancient figure, fuppofed to be the fta- 
 tue of Bifhop Gundulph. 
 
 A priory was founded at Rochefter about the year 600. A 
 chapter of fecular priefts was firft placed here, but they were 
 afterwards removed, and Gundulph, biftiop of Rochefter, al- 
 ready fpoken of as the builder of the cathedral, eftabliihed here 
 ixty black monks. — There arefome ruins ftill remaining of the 
 ancient chapter houfe, which (hew it to have been a building of 
 elegance, confidering the age in which it was eredted. — A fke- 
 leton was dug up, in December, 1766, by the workmen em- 
 ployed in digging a new cellar for the deanery of Rochefter, in 
 an area under the old chapter-houfe, or fecretarium of the pri- 
 ory. This fkeleton was full feven feet in length, and the fkull 
 very entire, with fine teeth quite firm in the jaw. 
 
 The town-hall of Rochefter is an handfome brick ftruc-ture, 
 fupported by coupled columns of ftone, in the Doric order. 
 At the upper end of the hall are the original portraits of King 
 William HI. and Queen Anne, by Sir Godfrey Kneller. Here 
 are alfo the portraits of Sir Cloudefley Shovel. Sir John Leake, 
 and other perfons of note, well executed by eminent mafters. — 
 The clock houfe, which is a neat building, was erefted by Sir 
 Cloudefley Shovel, who reprefented this citv in four parlia- 
 ments. — This city is governed by a mayor, eleven aldermen, 
 and twelve common councilmen. 
 
 Sir Jofeph Williamfon, who was one of the plenipotentiaries 
 at the treaties of Nimeguen and of Ryfwick, and who was one 
 of the reprefentatives of this city, founded a mathematical 
 fchool here. There is alfo a grammar fchool here, called the 
 King's fchool, confifting of twenty fcholars on the royal foun-r 
 dation, who have their education free, and each gs. 4d. per 
 quarter. They wear furplices, and with the choriftcrs, are al- 
 ways obliged to attend divine fervice at the cathedral. A mar- 
 ket is kept in this city on Fridays, and two annual fairs are held 
 here, one on the 30th of May, and the other on the 1 ith of 
 December. 
 
 There is in the river fVledway at Rochefter, and in feveral 
 of its creeks and branches within the jurifdiction of the city, 
 an oyfter fifhery ; which is free to every one who has ferved 
 (even years apprenticefliip to any fiftierman or dredger, who 
 
 is 
 
198 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 is free of the faid fifliery ; and the Mayor and citizens of Ro- 
 cbefter hold a court once a year, or oftner, when occaflon re- 
 quires it, for the regulation of this fifhery, and to prevent 
 
 abufes in it. 
 
 Rochefter, Stroud, and Chatham, though they are three 
 diftindt places, yet are fo contiguous, as to appear in a manner 
 but one city j and thefe three towns form a continued ftreet, 
 extending above two miles in length. Stroud is feparated from 
 Rochefter only by a bridge. There is an hofpital here f®r ficlc 
 and lame foldiers ; and an annual fair is held here on the 26th 
 of Auguft. 
 
 CHATHAM 
 Is a fuburb to Rocheiter, and perhaps the completeft naval 
 arfenal in the world. It affords a fight equally noble and plea- 
 fing, to every one who is fenfiblehow much the fafety and prof- 
 peiity of this nation depends on its maritime ftrength. It has 
 been brought to its prefent ftate of perfection by degrees, the 
 dock having been begun by Queen Elizabeth, and continually 
 improved by her fuccefTors. — This celebrated dock-yard, inclu- 
 ding the ordnance wharf, is about a mile in length ; it is ranged 
 on thefouth eaft fide of tthe river, and is adorned with many 
 ciegaiu buildings, inhabited by the commiffioner and principal 
 officers belonging to the yard, which well become the opulence 
 of the nation, and the importance of the navy. Here are many 
 neat and commodious offices for tranfa&ing the bufinefs of the 
 yard j alfo fpacious ftorehoufes (one of which is fix hundred and 
 fixty feet in length) and work rooms, which, by their ampli- 
 tude, manifeft their prodigious contents, and the extenfive works 
 carried on within them ; the fail-loft, in which the fails are 
 made, is two hundred and nine feet in length ; in thef? maga-? 
 zincs are depofited amazing quantities of faiJs, rigging, hemp, 
 flux, pitch, tar, rolin, oil, and every ingredient neceffary for 
 the building and equipping of {hips ; the coils of cordage, and 
 heaps of blocks, with innumerable other articles, are arranged 
 with fuch order, that on any emergency they may be taken out 
 without the leaft confufion. To every apartment proper officers 
 and attendants are affigned, for the more expeditious difpatcf} 
 of buhnefs, lo that even a firft or fecond rate is often equipped 
 lor fea in a few weeks. 
 
 The mails are carefully depofited in ftorehoufes peculiar- 
 ly adapted for them, one of which, in this yard, is twQ 
 hundred and thirty-4ix feet in length, and one hundred and 
 
 twenty 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. i 9 g 
 
 twenty feet wide ; Tome of thefe mafts are near one hundred and 
 twenty feet long, and thirty-fix inches in diameter : there are 
 alfo two fpacious bafoqs of water, in which thefe mafts are kept 
 continually floating. The fmith's (hop contains twenty- one 
 fires j here the anchors are made, fome of which weigh near 
 five tons. In an extenfive rope houfe, which is upwards of fe- 
 ven hundred feet in length, large quantities of hemp are twift- 
 ed into cables one hundred and twenty fathoms Jong, and fome 
 of them twenty-two inches round. In this yard are four deep 
 and wide docks, for docking and repairing large (hips j in one 
 of thefe docks was built the Victory, a firft rate, the largeft. 
 fhip in the univerfe, carrying one hundred and ten guns, which 
 is now moored in this river near Gillingham ; there are alfo 
 four flips and launches, on which new fhips are conftantly build- 
 ing. 
 
 The ordnance wharf is fituated to the fouth of the dock -yard, 
 between Chatham church and the river, and was the original 
 naval yard. The guns belonging to the fhips in this river are 
 depofited in long tiers ; fome of thefe guns weigh fixty-five 
 hundred weight each ; large pyramids of fhot are to be feen 
 on different parts of this wharf j there are alfo capacious ftore- 
 houfes, in which are depofited prodigious quantities of offen- 
 five weapons, as mufkets, piftols, cutlafles, pikes, poleaxes, &c 
 &c. The armory is a curious afTemblage of hoftile weapons, 
 arranged in admirable order. To defend this large naval ma- 
 gazine, there is a ftrong garrifon at Sheernefs, the entrance into 
 the Medway. A fort is alfo erected at Gillingham. For the 
 further fecurity of this yard, in the beginning of the laft war, 
 ramparts were thrown up. 
 
 That which is called the Cheft at Chatham, was inftituted 
 in 1588, the memorable year of the defeat of the Spanifh Ar- 
 mada ; when with the advice of Sir Francis Drake, Sir John 
 Hawkins, and others, the feamen in the fervice of Queen 
 Elizabeth voluntarily affigned a portion of each man's pay, to 
 the relief of their wounded fellows ; which method being con- 
 firmed by the Queen, has been continued ever fince. Two an- 
 nual fairs are held at Chatham, one on the 15th of May, and 
 the other on the 19th of September. 
 
 About four miles from Rochefter ftands the pleafant village 
 of Shorne y the church belonging to which has feveral ancient 
 monuments in it, efpecially of the Cobham family. Near this 
 
 place 
 
&'ob A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 place is Cobham-hall, an ancient and noble ftructure, the ori- 
 ginal manfion of the Cobham family, but now the refidence of 
 the Earl of Darnley. In a large room in this houfe are the arms 
 of Queen Elizabeth, and a memorandum of her having been 
 entertained there by the then proprietor of this feat ; here is an 
 extenfive park well ftocked with deer. In Cobham church are 
 feveral ancient and curious monuments of the Cobham family. 
 Near the church is a college, founded about the year T389, by 
 John de Cobham, and fupprefled by Henry VIII. But it was 
 founded anew on a reformed plan, by Sir William Brooke (lord 
 Cobham) A. D. 1597. Twenty poor perfons with their fami- 
 lies, are admitted into this college, from the adjacent parifhes. 
 
 On the other fide of the London road, is the partfhof Hig- 
 ham, where was a nunnery of the Benedictine order. Near this 
 place are the remains of the ancient town ot Clive at Hoo, 
 row called Cliff, by many writers fuppofed to have been the 
 Clovefhoe, where fo many councils were held during the Saxon 
 heptarchy. "Not far from Cliff is Cooling caftle, erected by 
 John, Lord Cobham, about 1380 ; it being granted to him 
 by Richard It. which grant he caufed to be cut on alargeftone, 
 and placed on the front of the caftle ; part of it is ftill vifible. 
 This caftle was a place of confiderable ftrength, and furround- 
 ed by a deep moat. Two round towers which formed the en- 
 trance, are ftill (landing, as are fome fragments of towers 
 erected for its defence in different parts of the walls. The pious 
 and intrepid Sir John Oldcaftle, who in the reign of Henry V. 
 fell a victim to papal cruelty, refided in this caftle j part of it is 
 now a farm-houfe, in the occupation of Mr. Comport. 
 
 About three miles from Rochefter, on the road towards 
 London, is Gad's Hill, fuppofed to have been the fcene of the 
 robbery mentioned by Shakefpear in his play of Henrv IV. 
 At a fmall diftance to the left, appears on an eminence theHer- 
 mitage, the feat of the late Sir Francis Head, Bart, and clofe to 
 the road, on a fmall afcent, is a neat building lately erected by 
 Mr, Day. 
 
 MILTON. 
 
 This is an ancient town in Kent, about twelve miles from 
 Rochefter, and forty-two from London. It is in a manner 
 fituated on the waters of a fine rivulet, at the head of a creek 
 that runs into the Swale, which feparates the ifle of Shepey 
 from the main. Antiquity has dignified it by calling it, 
 
 *' The 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 201 
 
 « The royal town of Middleton." When king Alfred divi- 
 ded his kingdom into hundreds and (hires, Milton was in his 
 pofleffion, and therefore was fo denominated ; it was honoured 
 with a royal palace, which was fituated near where the church 
 at prefent ftands, about a mile north-eaft of the town : It was 
 a flourifhing place until the reign of Edward the Confeffor ; 
 nor do we read of its being injured by the Danes, although it 
 muft have been vifited by them : in the fame reign A. D. 1053, 
 Earl Godwin, who had been banifhed, came hither and burnt 
 the palace and town to afhes. Milton church is a large hand- 
 fome building ; there was a church in this place very early, for 
 Sexburga, the foundrefs of the nunnery at Minfter in Shepey, 
 is faid to have expired in the church porch of Milton, about the 
 year 680. It contains feveral ancient monuments of the Nor* 
 wood family. The town is governed by a portreeve, who i3 
 annually ehofen on St. James's-day. There is a good oyfter 
 fiftiery in the Swale, belonging to this town : the oylters are 
 much efteemed in London. A market was granted by King 
 Edward I. A. D. 1287, and continues on Saturdays. A fair is 
 held on the 24th of May. Within a mile to the eaft of the 
 church is a large open field or marfh, called Kelmfiey-down» 
 derived, it is imagined, from Campfley-down, or the place of 
 camps, becaufe there the Danes under Hafting, in 892, en* 
 camped on their arrival from France with eighty Thips. On the 
 eaft fide of the down are the remains of a caftle, faid to have 
 been built at that time by thofe free-booters 3 it is now called 
 Caltle Ruff. All that appears of this fortrefs at prefent, is a 
 fquare piece of ground furrounded by a large moat. On the 
 oppofite fide of Milton creek, and about half a mile north of 
 Sittingborn, are the poor remains of Bayford caftle, faid to have 
 been raifed by the good and vigilant King Alfred, to fecure the 
 country from the excurfions of the Danes, while they rendez- 
 voufed on Kelmfley downs. The moat and a fmall part of the 
 eaft wall are ftill vifible. 
 
 FEVERSHAM 
 Is forty eight miles from London, and is a town of great an- 
 tiquity. In a charter of Kenulph, King of Mercia, dated 812, 
 it is called the King's little town, and feems to have been a 
 royal rehdence at that time. King Stephen founded an abbey 
 herein 1148, but there are no remains of it, except an inner 
 gate and fome walls. The church is large and handfome. Fe- 
 verfliam is now in a flourifhing ftate, being the chief port for 
 
202 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 this part of the country; it is fkuated on a rivulet which fals 
 into the mouth of the Swale, and has an oyfter fifhery. The 
 dredgei s have a peculiar law among thern, which obliges a 
 perfon to marry before he can be free of the grounds. The 
 town is an appendage of the town and port of Dover. It is go- 
 verned by a mayor, jurat, and commonality ; has a market on 
 Wednefdays and Saturdays; and two fairs, one on the twenty- 
 fifth of February, and the other on the twelfth of Auguft. A 
 large powder manufactory fubfifted near this town as early as the 
 time of Queen Elizabeth : it has been lately purchafed by go- 
 vernment. To the north-weft of the town, on the other fide 
 of the rivulet, is the chapel of Davington, where was an emi- 
 nent nunnery. It was founded foon after the abbey of Fever- 
 fham, in the reign of King Stephen, A. D. 1153. The cha- 
 pel of this ancient religious houfe is now the parifh church. 
 To the fouth of the town, near the road, is the fmall, but neat 
 church of Prefton, in which are forne monuments three hundred 
 years old. 
 
 At a little diftance from hence, Lord Sondes has an elegant 
 feat, known by the name of Lees Court. And in this neigh- 
 bourhood is alfo Nash Court, the handfome and pleafant feat 
 of the Hawkins's family, with a balluftraded terrace on its top, 
 fronted with a green park, in which are beautiful plantati- 
 ons. — At Broughton-hill, which is between Feverfham and 
 Canterbury, there is a beautiful profpect on every fide from the 
 fumrnit, and the high fteeple of Canterbury cathedral appears di- 
 rectly in the road. 
 
 About three miles from hence is the ancient village of Har- 
 bledown y the church of which is fituated on an hill weft of the 
 ftreet. Oppofite to the church is the hofpital and chapel, ori- 
 ginally built and endowed by archbifhop Lanfranc, about the 
 year 1080 : it was fot the benefit of poor lepers. This was- 
 the place that formerly held the precious relick, called St. Tho- 
 mas Becket's flipper, neatly let in copper and chryftal, men- 
 tioned by Erafmus. The numerous pilgrims to the fhrine of 
 St. Thomas ufed to flop here, and kifs his flipper, as a prepa- 
 ration for their more folemn approach to his tomb. Since the 
 reformation, this hofpital is continued for the relief of poor 
 perfons. 
 
 CANTERBURY. 
 This famous and ancient city, the chief of the county of 
 Kent , snd the metropolitan fee of all England, ftands at the 
 
 diftance 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 203 
 
 diftance of fifty-fix miles from London. It is fituated in a beau- 
 tiful and fruitful valley, with the river Stour running through it, 
 in two clear and ufeful ftreams. It is fuppofed to have been 
 walled in the time of King Ethelbert, about the year 600 ; and 
 when the walls were repaired in 1400, they are faid to have 
 been nearly two miles in compafs. There were twentv-one 
 fmall towers on the walls, and feven gates, befides pofterns. 
 There are now only fix, and a great part of the wall is in a rn* 
 inous ftate. The cajlle is a venerable ftruclure, and was built 
 about the time of theconqueft. It is fituated on the fouth fide 
 of the city, but is in ruins. Befides the cathedral, there are fix- 
 teen parilh churches in this city ; the whole of which is divided 
 into fix wards, which are named after the fix city gates. Here 
 were alfo a priory, a nunnery, and three religious houfes for 
 the Auguftine, black, and grey friars. The knights templars 
 had a manfion in this city. It iikewife contained nine hofpitals, 
 three of which are diflolved. Here is a free-fchool, and three 
 charity fchools. 
 
 The cathedral, called Chrifl's Church, is a fine piece of Go- 
 thic architecture ; it is fituated in a fpacious fquare towards the 
 eaft fide of the city, and is built in the form of a crofs ; about 
 five hundred feet long, feventy-four broad, exclufive of thecrofs 
 ifle, and eighty feet high. Fiom the middle of the building rifes 
 a beautiful tower two hundred and thirty- five feet high, called 
 Bell Harry. — There are many antient monuments in this church, 
 fome in very good condition ; among which are thofe of Henry 
 the Fourth, and'his Queen, built A. D. 1413; and EdvVard the 
 black prince; There was alfo a famous rnonaffery belonging 
 to this cathedral, containing, it is faid, one hundred and fifty 
 Benedictines ; the cloyffers and chapter houfe belonging to it, 
 are on the north fide of the church, and are of the fame age 
 with the body of it. In this chapter room, A. D. 1 171, King 
 Henry the Second, either through piety or policy, fuffered 
 the Monks to fcourge him, by way of penance, on account of 
 the murder of Thomas Becket. This monaftery was dif- 
 folved in 1539 ; and there are now belonging to this cathedral, 
 a dean, archdeacon, twelve prebendaries, fix preachers, fix 
 minor canons, twelve lay clerks, ten chorifters, two mallets, 
 fifty fcholars, and twelve alms men. In the windows of this 
 fabric are fome fine remains of painted glafs, and underneath it 
 the French and Wallooon congregation have a church. 
 
 C c 2 This 
 
40 4 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 This was firft given by Queen Elizabeth to the Walloons, 
 who fled hither from the Netherlands, to efcape the Duke of 
 Alva's perfecution } and this congregation has fince been much 
 cncreafed, by numbers of Proteftants who were driven from 
 France in the reign of Lewis XIV. Thefe foreign Proteftants 
 were extremely ferviceable to Canterbury, by introducing here 
 the art of weaving broad filks, which has been brought to 
 great perfection. 
 
 The ruins of St. Augufline's monaftery, or abbey, are with- 
 out Burgate, to the eaft of the city. The abbey was built by 
 Ethelbert, and given to Auguftine, and richly endowed by the 
 donations of many Kings and Queens. At the weft end of the 
 abbey is Ethelbert's tower, which is thought to have been ufed 
 as a belfry and fteeple, and to have been To called from a large 
 bell named from that King. It was built about the year 1047, 
 and is now much decayed. Near the ruins of this abbey, are 
 thofeof Pancrafs chapel, which was an idol temple, and proba- 
 bly built by the Romans, or foon after their time, from the 
 Roman bricks ftill to be fee n. Auguftine confecrated it for 
 Chriftian worfhip. This abbey and chapel with its precincts, 
 occupied a large compafs of ground, which is furrounded by a 
 high wall, the two grand entrances into which are ftill remain- 
 ing. To the eaft of this monaftery is St. Martin's church, fa- 
 mous for its antiquity, it being built by the believing Romans, 
 and rebuilt and ufed by Bertha, Ethelbert's Queen, for Chtiftiaja 
 worfhip, before Auguftine came into England ; and was the 
 firft place that miffionary faid mafs in, after his arrival. Bertha 
 is faid to have been buried in the porch with her hufband Ethel- 
 bert. There are rows of Roman bricks yet to be feen in it ; it 
 had a bifiiop before the conqueft. 
 
 This city was formerly eoverned by the archbifliop ; the King 
 had apraefecl:, whopoiTefied but very little authority. It is now 
 governed by a mayor, recorder, a fheriff, twelve aldermen, and 
 twenty four common -council-men. A court is held every Mon- 
 day in the Guildhall, for civil and criminal caufes, and every 
 other Thurfday for the government of the city. Here is a mar- 
 ket on Wednefdays and Saturdays, and a fair for toys on the 29th 
 of September. 
 
 ISLE OF THANE T. 
 This is in the north-eaft part of the county of Kent, and 
 lies open to the fea on the north and eaft, with the river Want- 
 
 fam 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 20 
 
 fam on the weft and foutb. It is about nine miles long, and 
 eight broad, and in general very fertile. The fmall village of 
 Sarre is the firft place a traveller comes to in this ifland : this 
 was formerly a large town, endowed with the privileges of the 
 cinque ports, and ftill belongs to Sandwich j the paflage into 
 this ifland is at this place, over a narrow ftream. To the left 
 of the road, and fix miles from Margate, is the church of St. 
 Nicholas, which js a handfome building, but there are no mo- 
 numents in it prior to the year 1500. About the fame diftancc 
 from Margate, to the right of the road, is the fmall town of 
 Monkton or Monktown, fo called from its being the property 
 of the Monks, who ufually refided in this place. There are 
 collegiate ftalls in the church, and the heads of feveral priors in 
 the remains of painted glafs in the windows. The church has 
 been larger than it now is. Birchington is a member of the 
 town and port of Dover. The church is a neat building, and 
 contains feveral antient and modern monuments of the Queke 
 and Crifpe families, who refided at the ancient manfion in this 
 parifh, called Quekes or Quex. At this houfe King Wil- 
 liam III. ufed to refide, until the winds favoured his embarking 
 for Holland. A room, faid to have been the bedchamber of 
 this royal gueft, is ftill fliewn, together with an adjacent inclo- 
 fure in which his guards encamped. On the right hand, near 
 the marfhcs, about four miles from Margate, is the ancient but 
 fmall town of Minfter. Domneva, daughter of Ercombert, 
 King of Kent, built and founded an abbey at this place, about 
 the year 670, and fumifhed it with vield virgins to the number 
 of feventy ; herfelf becoming the firft abbefs: Mildred, her 
 daughter, fucceeded her : and fofar excelled her mother in piety, 
 that fhe was canonized a faint, and the nunnery ever after was 
 called by her name. It was deftroyed by the Danes about the 
 year 990. Minfter church, which is the moft ancient in the 
 ifland, is a handfome ftrudture, confifting of three ifles : it has 
 eighteen collegiate ftalls in the choir. On the floor, and in the 
 church porch, are feveral flat grave-ftones, which are very anci- 
 ent. In the laft century a pot of Roman filver coins was plough- 
 ed up near Minfter ; the coins were chiefly of Lucius Aurelius 
 Verus. Between Minfter and Margate is Cleve-court, an ele- 
 gant building belonging to I. Farrer, Efq. Beyond Minfter are 
 fome downs, which are much celebrated for affording extenfive 
 and delightful profpe£ts. Canterbury cathedral, the ifle of She- 
 pey, the Eflex ftiore, Dover cliffs, and the town of Sandwich, 
 
2o6 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 may be each diftinctly difcerned from this pleafant fpot. From 
 thefe downs (as the Monks inform us) ftarted Domneva's deer, 
 which ran in an irregular courfe, quite acrofs the ifland, in the 
 ancient map of which this trait is marked. King Egbert 
 gave Domneva fo much ground as the deer would run over at 
 one courfe; which cut off the eaft end of the ifland, where 
 fhe built her nunnery. This tract, from the name of her 
 daughter, was called St. Mildred's Lynch, and was a bank of 
 earth thrown up defcribing the ancient bounds of the two great 
 manors of Monkton and Minfter : and is yet vifible in fome 
 places. 
 
 Eaft Kent, and the Ifle of Thanet, have long been reckoned 
 the beft cultivated part of England, and this tract of country 
 has no flight pretenfions to that character. The drill hufbandry 
 is very general here, and is carried on in a very complete and 
 judicious manner. The culture of hops throughout Eaft Kent,, 
 is a very important branch of hufbandry ; and madder is here 
 cultivated by farmers more than in any other part of the king- 
 dom. 
 
 MARGATE 
 Is fituated on the north-fide of the ifle of Thanet, within 
 a fmall bay, in a breach of the cliff", where is a gate to the fea, 
 from whence it has its name: it is feventy-two miles from Lon- 
 don, and about fixteen from Canterbury. In fummer it is a 
 pleafant and agreeable fituation. Its principal ftreet runs north 
 and fouth near a mile in length, and terminates at the pier; with; 
 a gentle defcent, by which means the ftreets are always neat and 
 clean. But what has given Margate fo great an eclat in the 
 beau monde, is its conveniency for bathing : the fhore being 
 level and of fine fand, is extremely well adapted to this pur- 
 pofe. On the wharf are feveral bathing rooms, where the 
 company refort to drink the water, and from whence they enter 
 into the machines, which are afterwards drove out two or three 
 hundred yards into the fea, under the conduct of careful guides. 
 There is a door in the machine, which being opened, they de- 
 fcend into the water, by means of a ladder ; an umbrella of 
 canvas is let down which conceals them from public view. 
 
 Sirjce Margate has been fo much frequented by the no- 
 bility and gentry, many confiderable additions and improve- 
 ments have been made to the town. A large new fquare 
 has been lately erected, confuting of very convenient houfes 
 
 for 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND 207 
 
 for the accommodation of the nobility and gentry who refort 
 to this place ; the fquare is paved after the fame manner as the 
 ftreets in London ; in the fquare is a noble and commodious af- 
 fembly-room, finiflied with great elegance and tafte; and being 
 eigthy feven feet in length, and forty-three in breadth, is fup- 
 pofed to be the Iargeft in England, and commands a delightful 
 profpec"t of the fea. Adjoining to this are very convenient apart- 
 ments for cards and tea ; on the lower floor is a billiard-table, 
 and a large room for public entertainments, with a piazza which 
 extends the whole length of the building ; in the upper floor 
 are ranges of bed-chambers. The number of fubfcribers to 
 thefe rooms have amounted to near a thoufand in a feafon, 
 The amufements are conducted with great regularity by Mr. 
 Walker, matter of the ceremonies, who has the happinefs to 
 give general fatisfaclion. In the fquare is an elegant tavern, now 
 kept by Rumfey, which communicates with the room for public 
 entertainments. 
 
 Befides the tavern in this fquare, there is another called the 
 New Inn, fituated on the parade ; where are two hot falt- 
 water baths, which are faid to have a very falutary effedt. There 
 is alfo a playhoufe here. Provifions are very plentiful, and 
 great quantities of fifh are daily caught. In ftiort, here is every 
 requifite to render this place a genteel and delightful fummer re- 
 fidence. 
 
 Two machines fet out for Canterbury every morning, to meet 
 the coaches from London, and return to Margate the fame even- 
 ing. The hoys fail from Wool-key near the Cuftom-hbufe, 
 London, on Wednefdays orThurfdays, and with a weft-north- 
 weft wind, fail to Margate in twelve hours ; but when it is 
 unfavourable, may be three days in their paflage. They go 
 from Margate on Fridays or Saturdays ; the fare is half a crown. 
 They bring great . quantities of goods from London, for the 
 town and country. As a proof of the fafety of this- pafTage, 
 there has not been a hoy loft for upwards of one hundred and 
 forty years. 
 
 This town is under the fame jurifdicYton as the port of 
 Dover, the mayor being reprefented here by a deputy. Its 
 church is dedicated to St. John the Baptift, which was the anci- 
 ent name of the parifh. It was formerly a chapel to Minfter 
 church, and fuppofed to have been built about the year 1050, and 
 made parochial fince the year 1290. It contains feveral ancient 
 snonument§. 
 
 At 
 
208 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 At a little diftance from Margate, is a feat built by Lord Hol- 
 land, in imitation of an Italian villa, with a noble portico 
 fronting the fea. It contains feveral elegant apartments, with 
 a variety of marble columns, bufts, vafes, &c. brought from 
 Italy. His Lordfhip has alfo erected with chalk ftones feveral 
 buildings refembling Gothic towers, convents, &c. in ruins, 
 and planted ivy round them to encreafe the deception. Near 
 this feat are Hackendown banks, or the field of battle axes, 
 being the place where a fierce battle was fought in the year 854, 
 between the Danes and Anglo-Saxons, which conflict was fo 
 near the clifr", that many fell into the fea ; and fome hifto- 
 rians fay, that both Commanders were (lain, and the victory 
 doubtful. Here are two barrows or hills of earth, thought to 
 have been the tombs of certain great officers killed in that bat- 
 tle. Thefe barrows were lately opened, and found to contain 
 bodies bent together and thurft into graves dug out of the 
 chalk, a little below the furface, but not above three feet long. 
 Several earthern urns, containing about two or three quarts, 
 were alfo found, in which were ames and charcoal, but they 
 would not bear the air. Lord Holland has erected a monument, 
 with an infcription in the ftyle of antiquity, to perpetuate this 
 a&ion. 
 
 About half a mile to the fouth of King*s gate, is the north 
 Foreland lighthoufe, for the direction of fhips by night, to fe- 
 cure them from the Goodwin fands, arid this head land. It 
 was formerly built of wood, but being burnt down, the pre- 
 sent ftrong flint oftagon was erected about the beginning of this 
 century ; at its top is an iron grate, on which a large coal 
 fire blazes all night : for the fupport of this light, the owner 
 of every (hip belonging to Great Britain, that fails by this 
 Foreland, pays two-pence per ton, and every foreigner four- 
 pence. 
 
 SANDWICH 
 
 Is one of the Cinque Ports, and is at the diftance of eight 
 miles from Margate, and fixty-feven from London. The 
 walls of the town, which were made by throwing up the 
 earth, are nearly in the form of a parallelogram, and are 
 about five furlongs in length from eafl to weft, and two and 
 a half from north to fouth j at the foot of which is a wet 
 ditch of confiderable breadth. They command a pleafant 
 and extenfive view of the adjacent country. In thefe walls 
 are feveral femicircular projections which overlook the ditches, 
 3 there 
 
THE BE AtJTIES OF ENGLAND. 209 
 
 there were alfo fome pieces of ordnance, which being quite un- 
 ferviceable, have been lately removed. The river arid quays are 
 on the north fide of the towri. There are feveral gates belong- 
 ing to it, fome of which are in a ruinous condition. 
 
 It appears from the remains of fortifications about this town, 
 that it was anciently a place of great ftrength ; and, before the 
 ufe of cannon, was capable of enduring a vigorous fiege. Sand- 
 wich has been efteemed the moft famous of all the ports in Eng- 
 land ; and is thought, by many refpe&able authors, to have 
 been the landing place generally ufed by the Romans, and inha- 
 bitants of the ancient city Rhutupiae. 
 
 In Sandwich are three parifti churches, St. Clement's, St. 
 Mary*s, and St. Peter's. There was formerly a fourth in the 
 fouth-weft part of this town, dedicated to St. James, but there 
 are no remains of it at prefent. The church-yard is (till in- 
 clofed, and is ufed for the interment of ftrangers. St. Cle- 
 ment's church is in the eaft part of the town, and fituated upon 
 higher ground than the reft. It is a large and ancient ftructure, 
 and much refembles the Norman ftyle of architecture; par- 
 ticularly the tower, which is confiderably older than the reft of 
 the building. 
 
 There is a good bridge here, which was erected in 1757. ft 
 is built with (tone, having an arch on each fide, and a pafTage 
 between for the larger velTels, that ufe this port. The mid- 
 dle arch is of wood, divided into two parts, which are eafily 
 drawn up or let down. The pafiage over the (tone part of 
 the bridge is fecured by a parapet wall on each fide, and the 
 wooden arch by Chinefe rails. It is a work of confideruble uti- 
 lity, not only to the inhabitants of Sandwich and the ifle of Tha- 
 net, but to the eaftern part of the county of Kent., and to the 
 public in general. 
 
 The ftreets of Sandwich are narrow and irregular ; but 
 there are fome good houfes, and an handfome fquare called 
 the filh-maiket, which confifts principally of mops. Here is 
 alfo another fquare called the corn-market i and riear the 
 weft fide of this is the Town-hall, which is a very antient 
 ftruclure.*— - Sandwich claims jurifdicliori over Deal, Ramf- 
 gate, Ffe/rdwich, Sarre, and Brightiingfea, in Eflex, which are 
 members of this cinque port. It ufed to furnifli five (hips com- 
 pleat for fervice. This town was anciently incorporated by 
 the name of the barons of the town and port of Sandwich j 
 but at prefent is incorporated by the name of the mayor, ju- 
 
 D d rats, 
 
210 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 rats, and commonalty. It fends two members to parliament, 
 who ftill retain the antient name of barons of the cinque port of 
 Sandwich. The freemen of the cinque ports have the privilege 
 of fending a certain number of their own members to fupport the 
 royal canopy at a coronation. Befides the mayor, there are 
 twelve jurats and twenty-four common council men, a town- 
 clerk, two treafurers, and other inferior officers. — The trade of 
 this town chiefly confifts in coals, fir, timber, deals, &c. with 
 which the country is fupplied. Here alfo are (hipped corn, 
 malt, fruit, and feeds, for London and other markets. The 
 feeds raifed from this foil are in much repute. 
 
 Sandwich is for the moft part fupplied with water from a nar- 
 row ftream called the Delph, which runs through it. Here is a 
 market on Wednesdays and Saturdays, and a fair on the 4th of 
 December, which continues two days. The fhrimps which are 
 caught near this town are remarkably excellent. There are 
 feveral good inns in Sandwich, and many wealthy inhabitants. 
 Here is alfo a large and elegant aflembly-room, which has been 
 built within thefe few years. Since the conftruclion of the 
 bridge, and the refort to Margate as a bathing-place, the town 
 has been more frequently vifited by ftrangers; a tour from thence 
 to Sandwich, Deal, Dover, &c. being a pleafant and agreeable 
 txcurfion. 
 
 between Sandwich and Deal is a large tract of land called the 
 Downs, part of which is level, and part mountainous. Here 
 are thofe remarkable eminences which Mr. Camden fays, were 
 in his time called Rome's work ; now they are known by the 
 name of Sand Hills ; commencing near Sandown Caftle, and 
 fl retching toward Sandwich, along the fea fhore. The furface 
 is in general a fine white fand, or thin covering of heath. On 
 this coafl it is generally fuppofed that Caefar landed in both his ex- 
 peditions to Britain. Sandown Caftle is a regular fortification, 
 ereited on the fhore within a mile of Deal. There is another 
 to the fouth of the town, called Deal Caftle, and beyond that is 
 Walnier Caftle : they were built on this coaft by Henry VIII. to 
 fee u re it from the hoftile intentions of his enemies. They are 
 kept in good repair, and are under the government of the Lord 
 Warden of the cinque ports. 
 
 About a mile from Sandwich, at a fmall diftance from the 
 road which leads to Dover, is the village of Wodenfborough ; 
 the church contains memorials of the Paramour and Heyre fa- 
 milies 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 211 
 
 milies. Near the church is a remarkable eminence, fuppofed to 
 have been raifed by the Saxons as a pedeftal for their idol Wo- 
 den, which ltood upon it, and from which the place derives its 
 name. 
 
 In the parifti of Walderjhire, which is fix miles and an half 
 from Sandwich, the Earl of Guildford has a very elegant and 
 pleafant feat. To the weft of thehoufe is erected a high Belvi- 
 dere, which commands a beautiful and extenfive view of the 
 country. Oppofite to Lord Guildford's feat, half a mile to the 
 left of the road, are the remains of IVeJi Langdon Abbey. 
 
 DEAL. 
 This town is about five miles fouth-weft: of Sandwich, and 
 feventy-two from London. It is divided into upper and lower 
 Deal ; the former is the moft ancient, the latter having had 
 its exiftence from the great increafe of trade. The trade of 
 the inhabitants chiefly confifts in fupplying the fhips which ren- 
 dezvous in the Downs. This town is a member of the port of 
 Sandwich, and is governed by a mayor, and jurats fuhordinate 
 to that town. Here is a market on WednefJays and Satur- 
 days, and two fairs annually on the 5th of April, and 10th of 
 Odober. 
 
 DOVER 
 
 Is at the diftance of feventy-one miles from London, and is 
 fituated on the fea-fhore, in the narrower!: part of the channel 
 that divides England from France ; the cliffs of Calais on the 
 French coaft, being only thirty miles diltant. It is a very agree- 
 able fea-port, the fituation being very romantic, at the foot of 
 ieveral bold hills ; and the harbour in the center of the town, 
 quite built round, is furrounded by quays, that are very pleafing 
 to the view. From the caftle, and the hills near the town on 
 the road to Hythe, are noble views down on the town, the har- 
 bour, and the {hipping ; and over the channel, the high land:; in 
 France are diftindtly leen. 
 
 Dover is a place of great antiquity, and was undoubtedly 
 one of the Roman ports in this country. It was a town of 
 great repute in the time of Edward the Confefibr, when it was 
 the principal of the cinque ports. It was formerly walled in , 
 having ten or eleven gates ; and the walls are faid to have been 
 built by the Emperor Severus ; but there are now but fmall re - 
 
 D d 2 mains 
 
A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 mains either of the walls or gates. There were alfo formerly 
 ''even churches in Dover, but there are now only two. 
 
 Dover Ca file is built on the extremity of the ftupendous cliffs 
 which lorm the eaftern barrier to Dover town and harbour, and 
 is fo large as to contain thirty-five acres of ground. There has 
 been a fortification on this fpot ever fince the Romans poflefled 
 this ifland, and it was of great repute among the Saxon Kings : 
 it was thought a very important object by William the Norman j 
 and through a courfeof ages Succeeding Kings built new towers, 
 and increafed its natural ftrength to fuch a degree, that in Henry 
 the Third's time it was called the key and barrier of the 
 whole realm. This cattle contains a curious fpecimen of anci- 
 ent fortification, and is well worthy of attention. St. Martin's 
 le Grand is (aid to have been Situated here, for the fervice of 
 the royal palace, which was in the caftle \ here is a tower at the 
 weft end, which with the church bears evident marks of great 
 antiquity. The bells which were in it were removed to Portf- 
 mouth by Sir George Rook. There is a well in this caftle three 
 hundred and fixty feet deep, lined to the bottom with free-ftone. 
 In the caftle they fhew two veiy old keys, and a brafs trumpet, 
 faid to have been ufed in the time of Julius Caefar. Here is a 
 brafs gun, fuppofed to be the longeft in the world, it was present- 
 ed to Queen Elizabeth by the States of Utrecht ; it carries a ball 
 of fifteen pounds weight, is twenty-two feet long, and is faid to 
 throw a ball feven miles. It is commonly called Queen Eliza- 
 beth's pecket piftol. 
 
 Dover is incorporated by the name of the mayor, jurats, and 
 commonality of the town and p.rt of Dover, and fends two 
 members to parliament ; it has received many favours from dif- 
 ferent Princes, one of which was the privilege of a licenfed 
 packet boat to France ; on account of the narrownefs of the 
 channel, it is become the general place of embarkation for that 
 kingdom, and arrival from thence. Jn the reign of Richard II. 
 the fare from France for a fingle pafienger, in fummer time, 
 was fettled at fix-pence, and a milling in winter. A market is 
 kept here on Wednesdays and Saturdays, and a fair on the 22d 
 of November. 
 
 As Dover is one of the cinque ports, it may not be improper 
 here to obferve, that this phrafe is derived from quinque partus^ 
 Jive havens, that lie over againft France, and were thus called 
 by way of eminence, on account of their Superior importance. 
 Our Kings have thought them worthy a particular regard ; and 
 2 the 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 213 
 
 the better to fecure them againft invafions, have granted them a 
 peculiar form of government. They are governed by a keeper, 
 who has the title of Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports. They 
 had a particular jurifdiction granted them by King John, and 
 feveral other privileges which have been confirmed by moll of 
 his fucceflbrs. Their Warden, who was firft appointed by William 
 the Conqueror, has the authority of an Admiral among them, 
 and iflues out writs in his own name. The five original cinque 
 ports, are Dover, Rumney, and Sandwich, in Kent; and 
 Winchelfea and Rye, market-towns, of SufTex : and to thefe 
 five original ports, there were afterwards added Haftings and Sea- 
 ford, two other market-towns of Suflex ; and Hithe in Kent. 
 When the fervice which was required of the cinque ports towards 
 their prefervation became too burdenfome, eacii was allowed a 
 certain number of other towns in its neighbourhood, as auxilia' 
 ries, that they might bear a part in this public charge. The 
 cinque ports claim the honour of fupporting the canopy, which 
 at a coronation is borne over the Sovereign, and afterwards to 
 dine at the uppermoft table on the King's right hand : the cano- 
 py, {laves, &c. are their fee. Thirty-two barons or inhabitants 
 of the ports ufed to be fummoned for this purpofe, whofe expences 
 were borne by the ports ; but at prefent they ufually depute their 
 members of parliament to that office. 
 
 Near Dover Caftle there is a head of land called South Fore- 
 land^ by way of diftindtion from another head or promontory, 
 which forms the north -eaft point of the Kentifh fhore, and is 
 therefore called North Foreland. Thefe two points lying at the 
 diftance of fix miles from each other, are the two moft eafterly 
 in Kent ; the coaft between them is fheltered by them on the 
 fouth and north, and by a bank of fand, running parallel to 
 the fhore for three leagues together, and at the diftance of a 
 league and 1 half from it, called Godwin Sands, on the 
 eaft. Thus the South Foreland, North Foreland, Godwin 
 Sands, and the Coaft, form a tolerable good road for (hips, 
 which is called the Downs, and which would othervvife be very 
 dangerous, for the Godwin Sands, which are dry at low water, 
 break all the force of the fea on the eaft, fouth, and fouth-wcft ; 
 yet when the wind blows exccllive hard at fouth-eaft, eaft -by- 
 north, and eaft-north-eaft, (hips are driven from their anchors, and 
 
 forced 
 
214 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 fored afhore on the Godwin Sands, or fent into Sandwich bay, or 
 Ramfgate pier, near Sandwich. 
 
 North Foreland is a point declared by act of parliament to be 
 the moft fouthern part of the port of London, which by the 
 fame adt is extended north in a right line, forming the mouth 
 of the Thames, to the point called the Nafe, on the eaft of 
 EfTex. All tht towns or harbours between London and thefe 
 places, whether on the Kentifti or Eflex fhore, are called mem- 
 bers of the port of London. As foon veffels have paffed the 
 North Foreland, out of the port of London, or any of its 
 members, they are faid to be in the open fea ; if to the 
 North they enter the German Ocean j if to the fouth, the Bri- 
 tifh Channel. 
 
 B A R H A M DOWNS, 
 
 Which are about fixty-two miles from London, are celebrated 
 at prefent for the annual horfe races which are there exhibited. 
 Several villages, and elegant gentlemen's feats, are fituated on the 
 right and left of the Downs 3 on the right is an eminence, on 
 the left a beautiful vale, in which runs a fmall branch of the 
 river Stour. On the right is Denhtll Houfe and gardens, the feat 
 of Lady Gray ; near which is Netberfole Houfe, the manfion of 
 
 ■ Winchefter, Efq; which is htuated in the fmall village 
 
 of Wymlingfwold. To the left of the downs, is the village of 
 Barham, which gives name to this delightful fpot. The church 
 has in it feme monument of the Diggs family, who refided at 
 Diggs-Court, in this parifh. 
 
 On Barham Downs is a fcite of an antient camp, with three 
 ditches round it, which fome conjecture to be the work of Julius 
 Ca?far, on his fecond expedition to this ifland. About the year 
 1212, King John encamped herewith an army of fixty thou- 
 fand men, to oppofe the French, who threatened him with an 
 invafion. Simon Montford, Earl of Leicefter, alfo drew up a 
 large army on thefe downs in the reign of Henry 11*. 
 
 Near Beakefborne, which is about fixty miles from Lon- 
 don, Sir Thomas Pym Hales, member of parliament for the 
 port of Dover, has a fine feat, known by the name of 
 Howlets. 
 
 FOLKSTONE 
 
 Is fituated between Dover and Hythe, and is a member 
 of the cintjue pert of Dover, it is feventy one miles from 
 
 London, 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 215 
 
 London, and appears to have been a very antient place, from the 
 Roman coins and other antiquities which have been found in it. 
 Here was formerly a nunnery ; but fo near the coaft, that it was 
 often pillaged by the Danes, and at lalt fwallowed up by the 
 fea. However, after the conqueft, a priory was founded here. 
 Here is a charity- fchool for twenty boys, nominated by the 
 mayor and jurats, who, with the commonalty, conftitute the 
 corporation. A copious fpring runs through the town ; but it 
 is chiefly noted for the multitude of fifhing boats that belong to 
 its harbour, which are employed at the proper feafon in catching 
 mackrell for London. And about Michaelmas the Fulkftone 
 barks, with others from the Eflex more, fail away to the coafts 
 of Suffolk and Norfolk, to catch herrings. 
 
 In going from Dover to Folkftone, the traveller meets with 
 fix or feven very romantic miles ; the road runs along the edge 
 of vafl precipices, the more very high and bold, and nobly 
 varied. From the hill, going down into Folkftonc, the view is 
 extremely fine : you look down on a fine fweep of inclofures, 
 many of them grafs, of the mod pleafing verdure. The town, 
 with its church on a point of land clofe to the fea. The edge of 
 the lower grounds defcribe as beautiful an outline as can be ima- 
 gined : the union of the land and fea compleat. As you defcend 
 the hill, the profpecSt extends to the right : the vale opens, and 
 fpreads to the view a fine range of inclofures, bounded to the 
 land by many hills, rifing in a great variety of forms : the whole 
 fcenery is very magnificent. 
 
 H I T H E 
 
 Is fituated in the fouth-eaft part of the county of 
 Kent, and is fixty-nine miles from London. It is a cinque 
 port and corporation, governed by a mayor, jurats and common- 
 alty. This town had anciently five parifh churches, though 
 now it has only one. Here are two hofpitals, and a charity-fchool 
 for thirty-eight boys. 
 
 A remarkable pile of dry bones has been preferved in 
 this town, and kept in a vault under the church, confid- 
 ing of feveral thoufand heads, arms, legs, thigh bone?, &c. 
 fome of which are very gigantic, and appear by an in- 
 fc/iption to be the remains of the Danes and Britons 
 killed in a battle near this place, before the Norman Con- 
 queft. 
 
 R U M- 
 
2l6 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 R U M N E Y 
 Is often called New Rumney, to diftinguifh it from an incon- 
 fiderable town within a mile and a half of it, called Old Rum- 
 ney. New Rumney is feventy miles from London, and is oae 
 of the cinque ports, and a corporation, governed by a ma^or, 
 jurats, and commonalty. The town ftands on a high gravelly 
 hill, in the middle of Rumney Marfh. — Old Rumney was once 
 a large town, containing twelve wards, and five churches ; and 
 had a fafe and commodious haven, when the fea came fo clofe to 
 it, that (hips ufed to anchor in one of the church -yards ; but the 
 fea deferted it in the reign of King Edward I. and it has now 
 but one church. It is faid that by a ftorm which happened here 
 in 1334, above 300 windmills and houfes were carried away j 
 which, together with the withdrawing of the fea, fo impovertfh- 
 ed the place, that it could never recover it. 
 
 Rumney Marjh is the richeft tradt of grazing land in this part 
 of the kingdom. It contains between 40,000 and 50,000 acres 
 of fruitful land, on which vaif. flocks of fheep, and herds of 
 black cattle, are fattened, which are fent hither from other parts, 
 and fold in the London markets. The fheep are reckoned ra- 
 ther larger than thofe of Lticefterfhire and Lincolnfhire ; and 
 their bullocks the largeft in England, efpecially thofe they call 
 flailed oxen, from being kept aU the latter feafon within the far- 
 mer's yards, or fheds, where they are fed for the winter feafon. 
 This Marfh is the place from whence a fet of fmugglers, called 
 OiulerSy from their going out in the dufk of the evening, have 
 for many ages exported our wool to France. It is fuppofed to 
 have been once covered by the lea j and, as it is very unwhole- 
 lome, is but thinly inhabited. 
 
 TENDERDEN 
 Is an ancient town in Kent, at the diftance of fifty- 
 eight miles from London. It is governed by a mayor and 
 jurats. The beacon of the church here is remarkably lofty, 
 and is proverbially faid to have been the caufe of fome 
 dangerous fands in the channel, called Godwin Sands, of 
 which we lately made mention. Thefe fands were a tradt 
 of ground near the Ifle of Thanet, belonging to Godwin, 
 Earl of Kent, which lying low, were defended from the fea 
 by a great wall, that required a conftant care to uphold 
 it. This tracl was afterwards given to St. Auflin's mo- 
 
 naftery 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 2I7 
 
 riaftery, near Canterbury ; and the abbot negledling the wall* 
 while he was taken up in building Tenterden fteeple, the 
 fea broke in and overflowed the ground, leaving the fands upon 
 it k At the time of the alarm of the Spanifti invafion, in the 
 reign of Queen Elizabeth, a beacon was placed upon Tenterden 
 fteeple. 
 
 CRANBROOK 
 Is fituated in a woody part of the county of Kent, and is 
 the place where the firft woollen manufacture in the kingdom 
 was erected, by thofe Flemings who were encouraged to fettle 
 here by King Edward III. in order to teach the art to his fub- 
 jects ; and excellent cloth ufed to be made here formerly ; but 
 that trade has long fince decayed, and this is now only an in- 
 confiderable place. 
 
 TUNBRIDGE. 
 This is a market town, at the diftance of thirty miles from 
 London, fituated upon the river Medway, which here branches 
 out into many little ftreams, over all which there are bridges : 
 from thence it derives its name, which is compounded of Ton, 
 the Saxon word for Town, and Bridge. It conlifts of one 
 broad ftreet, adorned by fome very good modern houfes. Here 
 is a good free-fchool, which was erected and endowed about 
 two hundred years ago, by Sir Andrew Judd, Lord Mayor of 
 London, who veiled the care of it in the Skinners Company* 
 It is kept in excellent repair, and is at prefent in a very flou- 
 rifliing condition. There is nothing remarkable in the church, 
 which is a neat modern building. Here is a market on Fridays^ 
 and fairs held on Afti-Wednefday, the 5th of July, and the 
 29th of October. 
 
 At the further end of the town, on the right hand, as you 
 come from London, the noble rums of an old caftle flrike you 
 with awe and veneration. It was built by Richard de Clare,' on 
 a piece of ground which was given him by Langfranc, Archbi- 
 fhop of Canterbury, in exchange for as rhuch land in Norman- 
 dy, the meafurement being on both fides made with thongs of 
 rawhides. It (lands upon an eminence dole upon the banks 
 of the Medway, and has been very ftrong, and was anciently 
 a place of confiderable importance. Edward I. was nobly 
 feafted here in the fecond year of his reign, by Gilbert de Clare, 
 Earl of Gloucefter and Hertford. In the reign of Edward IV. 
 
 E e this 
 
2l8 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 this C3flle was in the pofleifion of Henry, Duke of Bucking- 
 ham ; but in the reign of Henry VIII. both the town and cattle 
 were forfeited to the crown by the attainder of Edward Staf- 
 ford, Duke of Buckingham j and the latter has not been in the 
 leaft repaired fince that time. Queen Elizabeth gave it to her 
 kinfman, Henry, Lord Hunfdon ; from whole heirs it pafled 
 irito private hands. 
 
 Five miles from the town of Tunbridge, at the very edge of 
 the county, are Spelhurjl Wells, more commonly called Tun- 
 bridge Wells, which are much frequented on account of their 
 mineral waters. Thefe wells are at the bottom of the walks, 
 which are handfomely paved ; on one fide is the affembly-room, 
 the coffee-rooms, the bookfellers {hops, jewellers and milliners 
 fhops, and (hops for china, and for Tunbridge-ware, which is 
 made here to great perfection out of holly, cherry-tree, and 
 fycamore ; of which a great quantity grows hereabouts. On 
 the other fide of the walks are coffee-rooms, another aflembly- 
 room, and taverns, and lodging- houfes. The rnuiic gallery is 
 in the middle of the walks, which are beautifully Ihaded with 
 trees : a piazza extends from the upper end to the bottom, quite 
 down to the wells. The houfes and lodgings are very neat and 
 commodious ; moft of them on the hills contiguous, called 
 Mount Sion, Mount Ephraim, and Mount Pleafant. Here is 
 a decant chapel, which was built by fubfcription, and where 
 divine fervice is peiformed every day : the Clergyman is paid 
 by public contribution for his attendance. Here is alfo a diflent- 
 ing meeting-houfe. 
 
 The high rocks are about a mile from the walks, of which 
 there are a vaft number adjoining to each other, and feveral of 
 them are feventy or eighty feet high ; and at many places there 
 are cliffs and cavities, that lead through them by narrow dark 
 paflages ; and their being fituated among the woods, by a little 
 winding brook, makes them afford a moft retired and delightful 
 feene. 
 
 PENSHURST 
 Is three miles fouth-weft of Tunbridge, and was the anti- 
 ent feat of the noble family of Sidney, but at prefent^f Wil- 
 liam Perry, Efq. Penlhurft was forfeited to the crown by 
 the attainder of one of the Vane family, who followed the 
 fortune of the unhappy Somerfet in the reign of Edward VI. 
 That monarch bellowed it upon the father of Sir Henry Sidney, 
 
 in 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 219 
 
 in whofe arms he expired. This fact is mentioned in an in- 
 fcription over the gate of the Tower, through which you pafs 
 into the court-yard, which is a very large ancient quadrangle 
 of hewn ftone, and was fortified in old times, being reckoned 
 a place of no fmall ftrength. Here are many more rooms 
 than are (hewn to ftrangers ; thofe that are opened are well 
 furnifhed, and contain good pictures, tables, pillars, and vafes 
 of fine marble brought lately from Italy, well worth the in- 
 fpe£f.ion of the curious. The houfe lies very low, and clofe 
 to a mean village, of great antiquity, of the fame name. A 
 powerful family, called Pen{hu#ft, or Penchefter, was fet- 
 tled here in the time of the Conqueror, which has been long 
 extinct. The park, which was formerly very confiderable, 
 is at prefent but fmall, being inclofed and divided into 
 farms. 
 
 The famous Sir Philip Sidney was born here; and it 
 was here the celebrated Waller wrote many of his belt 
 pieces, under the aufpices of Lady Dorothy Sidney, whom he 
 has immortalized by the name of Saccharifla. This Lady 
 was daughter to Sidney, Earl of Leicefter, to whom Penf- 
 hurft then belonged ; and wife to Henry, Lord Spencer, 
 created Earl of Sunderland by King Charles the Firft, in 
 whofe defence he was flain, gallantly fighting at New- 
 bury. 
 
 Not far from Penlhurft is a noble ftru&ure, mouldering 
 into ruins, called Somerhill, which ftands very high, and has a 
 moft extenfive command of country. It antiently belonged to 
 the Earls of Hertford and Gloucefter. Somerhill being for- 
 feited to the Crown by Stafford, Duke of JSuckingham, was 
 given by Queen Elizabeth to Sir Francis Walfingharn, with 
 whofe daughter it pallid into the hands of three great families j 
 for (he was married to three different hufbands. Her firft was 
 the renowned Sir Philip Sydney ; her fecond the unfortunate 
 Earl of Efl'ex ; and her third, Ulick de Burgh, Marquis of 
 Clanrickard, Earl of St. Alban's, Vifcount Tunbridgc, and 
 Baron Somerhill, one of the moft remarkable and accomplifh- 
 ed Noblemen of King Charles the Firft's reign. Charles II, 
 who ufed to come fometimcs to Tunbridge, kept his retinue 
 at Somerhill. 
 
 E e 2 
 
 MAIB 
 
220 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 MAIDSTONE 
 Is fituated on the river Medway, and is thirty-fix miles from 
 London. In the time of the Britons it was their third chief 
 city, it was alfo a ftation of the Romans, and has been a con- 
 fiderable town in all ages fince. It is a large, pleafant, and po- 
 pulous place ; and is a corporation, governed by a mayor and 
 commonalty. The chief trade of Maidftone is in thread, 
 which is made here in great perfection, and in hops, of which 
 there are valt plantations, befides orchards of fine cherries, 
 from this town, and the adjacent country, London is faid to 
 be fupplied with more nccenaries of life, than from any other 
 tnarket-town in England, particularly with large bullocks, tim- 
 ber, wheat, hops, and apples. The county couits are held in 
 this town, and generally the affixes. Here is a fine ftone bridge 
 over the Medway, erected by one of the archbifhops of Can- 
 terbury. At this place the river Len falls into the Medway, 
 and the tide flows quite up to the town, and carries barges of 
 fixty tons. — The weekly market on Thurfday is reckoned the 
 beffc frequented of any in the county, and is toll-free for hops. 
 There are four annual fairs here, viz. on the 13th of Fe- 
 bruary, the i2thof May, the 20th of June, and the 17th of 
 October. 
 
 TVeJi Mailing is a market- town of great antiquity, thirty 
 miles from London,, and where there was formerly a nunnery 
 of the Benedictine qrder \ but it js. now an inconfiderahle 
 place. 
 
 MERE WORTH CASTLE. 
 This fine feat is fituated two miles fouth-eaft of Mailing ; 
 it was formerly the feat of the Earl of Weftmoreland, but is 
 now ip the pofieflion of Lord Defpenfer. It is elteemed a very 
 fine piece of architecture, and was defigned by Colin Campbell, 
 * in imitation of a palace in Italy, built by the famous Palladio. It 
 is a f.;uare extending eighty-eight feet, and has four porticos of 
 the Jonic order. In the middle there rifes above the roof a fe- 
 piicireular dome, which has two fhells ; the one forms the ftuc- 
 co-ciding of trie faloon, being thirty-fix feet diameter ; the out- 
 ward fhell is carpentry covered with lead. Between thefe two 
 fhells is a ftrong brick arch, that brings twenty-four funnels to 
 
 the 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 221 
 
 the lantern, which is finifhed with copper ; but by this contri- 
 vance there is occafioned an inconvenience ; the chimnies often 
 fmoke. 
 
 SEVENOKE. 
 This town, which is twenty-four miles from London, in 
 the road to Tunbridge, is faid to have derived its name from 
 feven very large and high oaks which flood near it, when it 
 was firft built, but which have been long fince cut down- 
 Here is an hofpital for maintaining poor old people, and a 
 fchool for educating poor children, which was built and en- 
 dowed by Sir William Sevenoke, who was Lord Mayor of 
 London in 14.18, and who is faid to have been a foundling, 
 bjought up by fome perfon of this town, , from whence he took 
 his name. John Potkyn, who lived in the reign of King 
 Henry the Eighth, was a great benefactor to the fchool ; 
 and the revenue being augmented by Queen Elizabeth, it was 
 from thence called Queen Elizabeth's free -fchool. It was re- 
 built in 1727. 
 
 At Knowle, in the neighbourhood of Sevenoke, the Duke of 
 Dorfet has a fine feat, the park and gardens belonging to which 
 are laid out in a very elegant manner. 
 
 EAST GRINSTEAD. 
 
 This is a town in SufTex, thirty miles from London, and 
 which is fo called to dtftinguifh it from a fmall place of the fame 
 name in the county, called Weft Grinftead. It is an antient 
 borough by prefcriptiop, and has fent members to parliament 
 from the time of Edward II. The town is but fmall, though 
 it is the place where the county afiizes have been frequently 
 held. There is an hofpital here, which was built in the reign of 
 King James I. by Robert Sackville, Earl of Dorfet, who en- 
 dowed it with 33ol.ayear, for the maintenance of thirty one 
 poor perfons of this town. The weekly market is on Thurfday, 
 and there are two fairs held here, one on the 13th of July, and 
 the other on the 1 ith of December. 
 
 Between Eaft Grinftead and Lewes, near Newick, Mr. 
 Holyroyd has a very pleafing feat, known by the name of 
 Sheffield Place, and which is lituated in one of the molt 
 agreeable parts of the county of SulTex. The park is fine, 
 
*22 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 forming varied lawns well wooded, flielving into winding vales, 
 and commandig very noble fweeps of richly cultivated coun- 
 try. One vale takes an irregular courfe through the park and 
 grounds; and the boundaries of which are well contrafted. 
 In fome places thick woods of oak hang to the bottom ; in 
 others copfes, inclofures, and fcattered trees ; in one fpot the 
 hllis rife in a bold manner, intermixed with rocks and pendent 
 woods. A fmall river takes its courfe through the vale, which 
 is formed into two lakes, one of them at the foot of the ro- 
 mantic ground abovementioned ; the other partly environed by 
 a large wood, which on one fide is thick to the very water's 
 edge ; but on the other the underwood againft the water is 
 cleared away, and the land converted to lawn, but the trees 
 left in it, which forms a moft agreeable retired fcene, backed 
 by the thick wood. The lawn breaks away among the woods, 
 and rifes to the houfe, which ftands on higher ground. This 
 winding vale, fo rich in wood, water, and hanging fides of 
 hills, is feen to great advantage from a feat in the park, from 
 whence the view is truly piclurefque. Near the houfe is 
 a wood of fixty acres, full of very fine timber, and cut into 
 agreeable walks, one of which, that winds by the fide of 
 the river in a fequeftered part of the valley, is very beau- 
 tiful. 
 
 LEWES. 
 
 This town is fifty miles from London, and is a place of great 
 antiquity, as appears from King Athelftan's having appointed 
 bis royal mint to be kept here. It is a pleafant place, lituated 
 in an open country, on the edge of the South Downs, and is 
 one of the largtft and moil populous towns in the county of 
 Sufiex. The aflizes are often held here. Though it is a bo- 
 rough town by prefer iption, and fends two members to parlia- 
 ment, it is not under the direction of a corporation ; but is go» 
 rented by two conftables, who areamfled by the principal inha- 
 bitants of the town. The town is large, and has fix parilh 
 churches in it, and contains many handfome houfes ; and there 
 are two large fuhurhs adjoining to it ; one called South-over, 
 on the weft fide of the town ; and the other called Cliff", from 
 its fituation on a chalky hill, on the eaft fide of the river Oufe. 
 There are many gentlemen of fortune who rtfidc in this town, 
 and its neighbourhood. 
 
 There are feveial iron works in Lewes, particularly a 
 
 foundery 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 223 
 
 foundery for cannon. There are feveral diflenting meetings 
 here ; and a charity-fchool for boys, fupported by voluntary 
 fubfcription. In the neighbourhood of this town horfe-races 
 are often held* 
 
 B A T T L E. 
 
 This is a town inSuflex, fifty-fix miles from London, which 
 derives its name from the battle in which William the Norman 
 defeated King Harold, and obtained the crown of England. 
 This battle was fought in a field called Heathfield, near this 
 town : Heathfield is alfo near Haftings, and this battle is there- 
 fore fometimes called the battle of Haftings. On the fpot 
 where the body of the brave Harold was found, the Conqueror 
 erected a ftately abbey in memory of that event; to which was 
 given the name of Battle Abbey ; and he placed in it a number 
 of Benedictine monks, to pray for the fouls of the flain. Not 
 long after, feveral houfes were erected round it, and it at length 
 became a town. 
 
 Some of the remains of this abbey are yet (landing, but 
 the town has gradually fallen to decay from the time of the 
 reformation. The parifti church is a low Gothic ftruc- 
 ture. The trade of the town confifts principally in making 
 gunpowder, and that made here is efteemed the beft in Eng- 
 land. The weekly market is on Thurfday, and there is a 
 fair held here on Whit- Monday, and another on the 22d of 
 November. 
 
 About eight miles fouth-weft of Battle, are the remains of 
 an ancient caftle, called Hurftmonceux , which was a place of 
 great repute at the time of the Norman conqueft. 
 
 RYE; 
 
 This town is fixty four miles from London, and is an apx- 
 pendage to the cinque port of Haftings. It is a peninfula, 
 waihed on the weft and fouth by the fea, and on the eaft by the 
 river Rother. The town ftands on the Ffide of a hill, and has 
 a delightful profpecT: of the fea. In the reign of King Edward 
 the Third, Rye was walled and fortified by William D'Ypres, 
 Earl of Kent ; and there is a tower yet {landing, which bears 
 his name, and is ufed for the town g^ol. Here is one of the 
 largeft parifh churches in England, an handfome Gothic ftruc- 
 ture; and there is a free grammar fchool here, founded and en- 
 dowed 
 
A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 dowed on a very benevolent and expen five plan ; for it is open 
 for the reception of every child in the town who chufcs to go 
 to it. This place formerly had one of the moft confiderable 
 harbours between Portfmouth and Dover ; but for'a confiderable 
 time it has been fo choaked up with fand, that the fmalleft vef- 
 fel could fcarcely enter it ; and a confiderable part of the har- 
 bour, gained from the fea, was turned into arable land. Some 
 endeavours have lince been ufed to make it again a commodious 
 harbour; andanadt of parliament was paffed to promote that 
 defign in 1762. There is a market here on Wednefdays and 
 Saturdays : and two fairs, one on Whit-Monday, and another 
 on the 10th of Auguft. 
 
 WINCHELSEA 
 Is three miles from Rye, and fixty-feven from London. 
 This town was built in the reign of King Edward the Firff, 
 when an older town of the fame name, two or three miles to 
 the fouth-eaft, which is faid to have been very large, was fwal- 
 lowed up by the fea in a tempeif. The town enjoys the privi- 
 leges of a cinque port, lends two members to parliament, and 
 is governed by a mayor and three jurats. It is, however, a 
 very inconfiderable place ; for it was not long after it was built, 
 before it was deferted by the fea, after which it loft all its trade. 
 There now remains little more than the fkeleton of a town ; 
 for the ground where moft of the ftreets were formerly, is now 
 turned into corn fields, or pafture grounds ; and of three parifh 
 churches, there remains only the channel of one, which is ufed 
 for divine fervice. There is a fair held here on the 14th of 
 May. 
 
 HASTINGS. 
 This town is fixty-three miles from London, and is fup- 
 pofed to have, derived its name from one Hafting, a Danilh 
 pirate, who generally built a fmall fort wherever he landed 
 to pillage, in order to cover his men, and fecure his retreat. 
 This is the chief of the cinque ports, and is governed by a 
 mayor, jurats, and commonalty. The town lies between 
 two high cliffs, one on the fea, and another on the land- 
 fide. Great quantities of fifh are taken upon this coaft, 
 and ferit to I ondon. It is a populous place, and contains 
 two parifh churches. The weekly markets are on Wed- 
 nefdays and Saturdays 3 and there are three annual fairs 
 
 here, 
 
 1 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 225 
 
 here, namely on Whit-Tuefday, the 26th of July, and the 
 23d of Oclober. 
 
 At JJhburnham, which is eight miles from Haftings, the Earl 
 of Afhburnham has a fine feat. 
 
 At Pevenfey, which is fouth-weftof Haftings, are the remains 
 of a caffle, which was built by William the Conqueror, and 
 which appears to have been a very venerable ftruclure. 
 
 Beacby-bead is a famous promontory, near Pevenfey, and is 
 reckoned the higheft cliff of all the fouth coaft of England ; for 
 it projects over the beach to a greater perpendicular height, 
 than the monument in London. Many {hips have been loft here 
 in ftormy weather, and in the rock are many caverns formed by 
 the violence of the waves. As this is reckoned the higheft 
 beach on the fouth coaft of this ifland, and is divided into feven 
 points or cliffs, it is well known to our mariners, who call it 
 the Seven Cliffs. 
 
 Seaforth is a frnall fifhihg town, near Beachy-head. It is 
 a place of confiderable antiquity, and enjoys the privileges of a 
 fea port. 
 
 Newbaven is a fmall, but populous town, in the neighbour- 
 hood of Seaforthi It has a convenient, though little harbour, 
 and fome veflels are built here j and the trade of the place is not 
 inconfiderable. 
 
 B R I G H T H E L M S T O N E. 
 
 This town is fifty eight miles from London, and is a place 
 of fome antiquity ; but it is at prefent chiefly celebrated for 
 the concourfe of nobility and gentry who vifit it, during the 
 fummer feafon, for the benefit of bathing in the fea. The 
 town is pleafantly fituated on a rifmg ground, near the fea, and 
 the air is adeemed healthy. Before the civil wars in the laft 
 century, this wasefteemed the greateft fifhing town in the coun- 
 ty of SufTex ; but it has declined in that branch of trade ever 
 fince, its chief dependence now being on the number of per- 
 fons who refort here for the purpofeof bathing; though indeed 
 many come here rather becaufe it is confidered as a genteel place 
 of diflipation, than from any defire of benefitting their health 
 by bathing in the fea. 
 
 The town is divided into feveral fmall ftreets, between 
 which there are lanes, wherein the poorer fort of people 
 reude . The town hall ftands near the fea, and under it is a 
 
 F f prifon* 
 
 4 
 
226 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 prifon for felons, and a warehoufe in which the ftores are kept, 
 they having a finall battery for guns, although they are not 
 mounted but in time of war. The panfh church (lands at a 
 little diftance from the town, and there are meeting-houfes for 
 dill'enters and quakers. The Countefs of Huntingdon has alfo 
 erected a chapul here at her own expence. There is a free- 
 grammar (chool here, and two charity-fchools. 
 
 There is every neceffary accommodation and convenience 
 provided, for thofe who come here for the purpofe of bathing ; 
 and a perfon is appointed to a£r. as mafter of the ceremonies, in 
 the fame manner as at Bath, and who regulates the public meet- 
 ings and diverfions. There is a weekly market on Thruf- 
 day, well lupplied with all forts of provisions ; and there are 
 two fairs held here, one on Holy Thurfday, and the other on 
 the 4th of September. 
 
 On the weft frde of Brighthelmftone, a great number of 
 human bones have been found, from whence it is concluded 
 that a battle was fought here. Many are of opinion that 
 Caefar, in one of his expeditions into Britain, landed at this 
 place. In the neighbourhood of this town an urn was dug 
 up fome years ago, containing a thoufand filver denarii, and 
 fome of all the emperors, from Antoninus Pius to Philip; and 
 the altars of the Druids have no where been met with in greater 
 numbers than about Brighthelmftone. 
 
 NEW SHOREHAM 
 Is nine miles from Brighthelmftone, and fifty-eight from 
 London. It took its rife from the decay of Old Sborebam, now 
 a fmall village north weft of it. Though moft of this town has 
 been wafiied away by thefea, it is ftill a large populous place. 
 The parifh church is a noble Gothic ftruclure. The harbour 
 here is but indifferent, though {hips of conhderable burthen 
 can come into it. Many artificers are conftantly employed here, 
 in building fmall veflels for the coafting trade. There is a fair 
 here on the 25th of July. 
 
 Bramber, which is not far diftant from New Shoreham, 
 was formerly a place of confiderable repute, but is now fallen 
 to decay. Findon is a village between Bramber and Arun- 
 del; and from this place, round by Houghton-bridge, along 
 the edge of the Downs, towards Arundel, are very noble 
 views over the wild. At one fpot in particular, where the 
 road leads very near a precipice, the flope of the hill is fo 
 
 fteep, 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 227 
 
 fteep, that a boy could not crawl it, and fo high, that the 
 immenfe country open to you, is feen below in fuch a man- 
 ner, that almoft every enclofure is diftindt, in a vale ten miles 
 long by three broad. A bold wave of the hill to the right 
 and left, forms a dell at your feet at the foot of the down ; 
 a thick clump of wood fills it, and forms a romantic fcene. 
 The wave of the hill to the left is finely fringed with wood ; 
 groves that fkiit the fields break from it, and diverfify the 
 view : a farm with flacks, and a large water, under the (hade 
 of a noble wood, form a complete piclure : other woods fpread- 
 ing about the vale, are broken by innumerable inciofures, of 
 which you have an admirable view. To the right, the down 
 hills bear away one beyond another, forming very ftriking pro- 
 jections. The whole is a fcene extremely magnificent. 
 
 ARUNDEL 
 
 Is fo called from its fituation in a dale, or valley, upon the 
 bank of the river Arun. It is 56 miles from London, and is 
 a borough by prefcription, having fent members to parliament 
 from the thirteenth year of King Edward the Firfr, and is fo an- 
 tient as to be mentioned in King Alfred's will. It is governed 
 under a charter of Queen hlizabeth, by a mayor, twelve bur- 
 geffes, a {reward, and under officers. The mayor is inverted 
 with conliderable powers, and no writ can be executed within 
 the borough without his permiffion. 
 
 This town is p'eafantly fituated on the fide of a hill, and has 
 an ancient caflle, faid to be a mile in compafs, and to have been 
 budt in the time of the Saxons. William the Conqueror con- 
 ferred this caftle on Roger de Montgomery, who repaired it, 
 and was created Earl of Arundel and Shrewsbury; but he took 
 his title from Arundel Caftle, where he refided ; and his fuc- 
 ccflors long enjoyed it as a local dignity, together with the 
 caftle; but the title being difputed, it was declared by adl of 
 parliament in the reign of King Henry theSixih, that all per- 
 Ions who had been, or mould be poffefled of the caftle and ho- 
 nour of Arundel, were, and mould be, Earls of the fame, 
 without any other creation ; and the title, manor, and caftle, 
 fti!l continue infeparable. Arundel Caftle is in a better condi- 
 tion than might be expected from its age, and is now one of the 
 feats of the Duke of Norfolk, who enjoys the title of Earl of 
 Arundel. 
 
 Arundel church is a venerable Gothic ftruclure, and was 
 formerly a collegiate.— There is a good wooden bridge here 
 
 1 f 2 over 
 
228 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 over the river. — Four fairs are held here yearly, viz. on the 
 14th of May for cattle, on the 21ft of Auguft for hogs, on the 
 25th of September for fheep, and on the 17th of December 
 for pedlary wares. 
 
 CHICHES.TER. 
 
 This City, which is fixty-three miles from London, is fup- 
 pofed to derive its name from the Saxon words Cijftincecifler, 
 which fignifies the City of Cifla ; and it was thus called from 
 Cifla, the fecond king of the South Saxons, who rebuilt it after 
 it had been deftroyed by fome Saxon and Norwegian pirates, 
 and made it the royal refidence, and the capital of his kingdom. 
 This city has been the fee of a bifhop ever fince the time of 
 William the Conqueror. It is a county of itfelf, and is go- 
 verned under a charter of King James the Second, by a mayor, 
 a recorder, aldermen, and common council. 
 
 Chichefter is furrounded by the river Lavant on every fide 
 but the north, and is a neat compact city, inclofed by a (tone 
 wall, with four gates, anfwering to the four points, eaft, weft, 
 north, and fouth. From each of thefe gates there is a ftreet, 
 which is denominated. from its gate, and terminates in the mar- 
 ket-place, which is the center of the city, and is adorned 
 with a flone piazza. In the middle is a ftately crofs, erected 
 by Bifhop Story, about the beginning of the fixteenth century. 
 The ftreets in general are broad, and the houfes uniform and 
 well built. 
 
 There is a cathedral in Chichefter, and five parifh churches. 
 The cathedral is a neat, though fmall building, and is adorned 
 with a fpire, much admired for its ftrength and curious work.- 
 manftiip. There is an epifcopal palace here, which was re- 
 built fome years ago, but it is rather large than elegant. This 
 edifice, with the cathedral, and houfes of the prebendaries, 
 takes up all that quarter of the city between the weft and fouth 
 gates. The market houfe is a handfome ftrudture, and over it 
 is a large room, in which the gentry have balls and public af- 
 femblies. 
 
 Much of the trade of this city confifls in making of malt j 
 and here is alfo a confiderable manufactory of needles. The 
 river is not deep enough near the city to make a good har- 
 bour ; but here is fome foreign trade ; and a collector, with 
 other officers of the cuftoms, at Dell Key, a fmall harbour, 
 about four miles from the fea, where veflels come in at high 
 water, and go out with wheat, flour, timber, and coals, 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 229 
 
 for London and other ports. There are five annual fairs 
 
 here ; viz. on the third of May, Whit-Monday, the fifth 
 of Auguft, the tenth of October, and twentieth of the fame 
 month. 
 
 In the year 1723, a ftone was dung up at Chichefter, with 
 an infcription, which, though fomewhat defaced, plainly in- 
 timated, that it was the foundation ftone of a temple erected 
 here in the reign of the emperor Claudius, and dedicated to 
 Neptune and Minerva. In this city there have been alfo found, 
 at different times, a great number of Roman coins. And when 
 the epifcopal palace was re-built, the workmen dug up feve- 
 ral antient coins ; and in the garden was difcovered a curious 
 piece of Roman pavement. 
 
 On the weft fide of Chichefter is a large Roman camp called 
 the Brill. It is an oblong fquare, being about half a mile in 
 length, and a quarter of a mile in breadth. It lies in a flat low 
 ground, with a great rampart and a (ingle graff, and is gene- 
 rally thought to have been the firft camp of the emperor Vef- 
 pafian, after his landing in Britain. Not far from Chichefter, 
 on the fame fide, is another camp, called Gonfhiil, which is alfo 
 fuppofed to have been thrown up by the Romans, it being like- 
 wife an oblong fquare. — On a hill, north of the city, called 
 Rook's Hill, or Roche's Hill, is an ancient camp of an orbi- 
 cular form, fomething more than a quarter of a mile in diame- 
 ter, fuppofed to have been thrown up by the Danes. 
 
 At a little diftance from Chichefter, the Duke of Richmond 
 has a fine fe^t, known by the name of Goodwood. It for- 
 merly belonged to the noble family of Piercy ; but being pur- 
 chafed by the late Duke of Richmond, he pulled down the an- 
 tient Gothic ftrudture, and erected a fine manfion, according 
 to a plan drawn by Mr. Campbell, author of the Vitiuvius Bri- 
 tannicus. It is a moft excellent ftrutture, and the profpe& 
 from it is extremely delightful. 
 
 Near Goodwood was* an antient cattle, now converted into 
 a dwelling houfe, furrounded by fine gardens, from the win- 
 dows of which there are fome admirable views. And near it is 
 a fmall delightful village, called Boxgrove, where a monallery 
 was founded in the reign of King Henry I. for monks of the 
 Benedictine order. The church which belonged to this mo- 
 nallery, is now ufed by the inhabitants of the parifh for divine 
 fervice. 
 
 About 
 
A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 About five miles from Chichcfter, is Stansted Park, a 
 fine feat which belonged to the late Earl of Hallifax ; who left 
 it by will, to his natural daughter. It is a moft agreeable place ; 
 and from the dining room windows there is a complete profpecl: 
 of the Ifle of Wight, together with a view of the royal 
 navy in Portfmouth harbour, St. Helen's, and Spithead. The 
 gardens are delightful, and the walks in the park extremely 
 rural. . 
 
 AtBofebam, a village fouth-weft of Chichefler, now chiefly 
 inhabited by fifhermen, a monaftery was founded before the 
 year 68 r. And the parifh church here is a ftately Gothic edi- 
 fice, which was built at the fole expence of William Warel- 
 waft, Bifhop of Exeter, in the reign of Henry I. It was made 
 collegiate for a dean and prebendaries ; and the flails for the pre- 
 bendaries are yet Handing, over which are carvings of very anti- 
 ent workmanfhip. The daughter of Canute the Great was 
 buried here, and there is in the church an ancient monument, 
 faid to be in memory of that Princefs. 
 
 M I D H U R S T. 
 
 This town is fifty -two miles diftant from London, and is a 
 borough by prefcription, governed by a bailifF, chofen annu- 
 ally by a jury at the court leet, It has fent members to par- 
 liament ever" fince the year 131 1, the fourth of Edward II. and 
 is a pretty large town, pleafantly fituated on a hill, furrounded 
 with feveral other hills. There is a fair held here on Lady- 
 day. 
 
 Lord Vifcount Montacute has a very handfome feat at 
 Cowdry, near Midhurft. It is one of the moft agreeable 
 places in the county of SufTex. The fituation is in a beauti- 
 ful valley, and the late Lord Montacute was at great expence 
 in adorning the houfe, and making improvements in the park 
 and gardens. The wars of Henry VJI1. are painted on diffe- 
 rent parts of the rooms by Hans Holbein ; and here are por- 
 traits of feveral noble perfons of this antient family by that artift. 
 The new improvements in this feat are executed in the Gothic 
 tafte; fo that the houfe, although modern, has all the appear- 
 ance of antiquity. 
 
 There are feveral agreeable villages in the neighbourhood 
 of Midhurft, particularly Charlton, where the country gen- 
 tlemen have houfes to keep their dogs and horfes for the 
 
 chace ; 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 231 
 
 chace ; and amongft: others, there is one belonging to the 
 Duke of Richmond, executed on a defign of the Earl of Bur- 
 lington. 
 
 P E T W O R T H 
 
 Is forty-nine miles from London, and is a large, populous, 
 handfome town, fituated on a fine dry afcent, in a healthy air. 
 The church here is an indifferent ftruSure, though the reclory 
 is the richeft in the county, being faid to be worth feven hun- 
 dred pounds a year. There is a fair held at this place for black 
 cattle on Holy Thurfdriy, and another for (heep and hogs on 
 the 20th of November. 
 
 The Earl of Egremont has a noble feat here, which for- 
 merly belonged to Algernon, Duke of Somerfet. The front 
 is of free-ftone, and adorned on the top with fratues: the 
 great {fairs and apartments are magnificent ; the offices*are very 
 commodious, and there is one vault near four hundred feet in 
 length. This feat onginally belonged to the noble family of 
 Piercy, and there is a fvvord in the armoury here, which is faid 
 to have been the weapon of the famous Fienry Hotfpur, Lord 
 Piercy, who was killed in the battle of Shrewfbury, fighting 
 againft King Henry IV. 
 
 H O R S H A M. 
 This town derives .its name from Horfa, Brother of Hen- 
 gift the Saxon, who is fuppofed to have had his refidence here. 
 It is thirty- feven miles from London, and is a bcrough by pre- 
 fcription, governed by two bailiffs, chofen yearly at the court- 
 leet. The county aflizes are fometimes held here; and here 
 is the county goal. This is one of the largeft towns in Suflex, 
 and has a fine church, a large venerable Gothic {tru&urej and 
 a well endowed free-fchool. The country round Horfham is 
 well cultivated, and there is a quarry of excellent free-ftcne 
 in the neighbourhood. The weekly market on Saturday, -is 
 well fupplied with provifions, particularly poultry, of which 
 the greateft part is bought up by the dealers in London — 
 There are three fairs held here, viz. on the Monday before 
 "Whitfunday, on the 1 8th of July, and the 27th of Novem- 
 ber. — On the north-eaft of Hormam is the foreft of St. Leo- 
 nard, where the neighbouring gentry enjoy the diverfion of 
 hunting. 
 
 HASLE* 
 
A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 ■ ni w m i nin iw r ■i hi i w i i h i M l ■iiMi n iii m min ium , , , , 
 
 HASLEMERE. 
 This is a borough- town in the county of Surrey, at the dis- 
 tance of forty-four miles from London. It is plcafantly fituated 
 on the borders of SufTex, and is a place of confiderable anti- 
 quity ; but is now greatly decayed. It is governed by a bailiff, 
 and is faid to have had feven parifh churches formerly, though 
 it has now no more than one chapel of eafe to Chiding- 
 fold, a village about two miles to the eaft of it. There is a 
 fair held here on the firft of May, and another on the 25th of 
 September. 
 
 G O D A L M I N 
 
 Is an ancient town fituated on the river Wey, thirty-four 
 miles from London, and ten from Haflemere. It is faid to have 
 derived its name from Goda, a Saxon lady, who was the foun- 
 drefsof a religious houfe. It is a flourifhing place, particular- 
 ly for the manufactory of woollen cloth, and worried ftockings, 
 of which laft great quantities are made here. It is faid, that in 
 1739, the Imall-pox carried off above five hundred perfons here 
 in three months, which was more than a third of the inhabi- 
 tants. There are feveral paper-mills in this towp, which have 
 continued here ever fince the reign of King James I. There 
 is a fair held here on the 13th of February, and another on the 
 1 oth of July. 
 
 F A R N H A M 
 Is fuppofed to have derived its name from the plant called 
 Fern y with which this place formerly abounded. It is forty 
 miles from London, and was given by Ethelbald, King of the 
 Weft Saxons, to the fee of Winchefter ; the Bifhops of which 
 fee have generally refided here in the fummer, ever fince the 
 reign of King Stephen, in a Caftle built by that King's bro- 
 ther, who was then Bifhop of Winchefter. This Caftle was 
 a magnificent ftru&ure, with deep moats, ftrong walls, and 
 towers at proper diftances, and a fine park ; but it is much de- 
 cayed. 
 
 This is a large and populous town, and here is one of the 
 greateft wheat-markets in England : a great quantity of hops, 
 faid to be as good as any in the kingdom, is produced in the 
 neighbourhood of this place. This town fent members to par- 
 liament in the reign of Edward II. but never fince. 
 
 GUIL- 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 233 
 
 GUILFORD. 
 
 This town is fituated on the river Wey, at the diftance of 
 thirty miles from London. In the time of the Saxons, as well 
 as afterwards, it was a royal villa, where many of our Kings 
 ufed to pafs the feftivals i and in particular King Henry II. 
 King John and King Edward III. kept their Chriftmas here. 
 This town is governed by a mayor, a recorder, feven aldermen, 
 fixteen bailiffs, and other officers. The affizes for the county 
 are held often here, and always the election of knights of the 
 Ihire. The town is large, handfome, and well built ; and has 
 always been famous for good inns, and excellent accommodations 
 for travellers. There were three churches in this town, but 
 one of them, being an ancient building, fell down in April 
 1740. Here is a free fchool, founded by King Edward the; 
 Sixth, and an handfome alms-houfe, called Trinity-hofpital, 
 Toanded by George Abbot, archbifhopof Canterbury, and en- 
 dowed by him with lands worth 300I. a year, for the mainten- 
 ance of a mafter, twelve brethreen, and eight lifters. Jt con- 
 fifts of a handfome quadrangle, built of brick, with a tower 
 and four turrets over the gate. It has a chapel, in which are 
 two windows well painted. Here alfo are two charity-fchools, 
 one for thirty boys, and the other for twenty girls. 
 
 In the neighbourhood of Guilford, there is a fine circular 
 courfe for horfe races, which begin when the Newmarket races 
 end ; and King William III. left a plate of 100 guineas to be 
 run for here every May. On the fouth fide of this town there 
 is a chalky hill, called St. Catharine's Hill, from which there 
 is an exceeding fine profpecl: to the north and north weftj and 
 o<i this hill ftands a gallows, which is in fuch a pofition, as to 
 be feen from all the (hop doors in the High-ftreet of Guilford, 
 fo that the inhabitants can fee the executions there without go- 
 ing from home.— At a little diftance from Guilford is Clandon- 
 Park t a fine feat belonging to liord Onflow j and at Herjley ]$ a 
 feat of Lord Bingley's. 
 
 O C K L E Y, or O A K L Y. 
 
 This is a village in Surry, which is faid to have derived 
 its name from the vaft number of oak trees, growing in the 
 neighbourhood. There was a caftle here formerly, which 
 was befiegcd by the Danes in the reign of King Ethelwolf, and 
 the moat which furrounded it is ttill to be feen near the church. 
 The church -yard here is remarkable for rofe bufties planted 
 
 G g at 
 
234 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 at the head of feveral graves, in conformity to an ancient cuf- 
 tom obferved here among lovers ; for if either of any two lo- 
 yers dies before marriage, the furvivor plants a rofe tree at the 
 head of the deceafed's grave j and fome are at the expence of 
 keeping up fuch trees for many years. This practice is fuppo- 
 Cbd to have been derived from the ancient Greeks and Romans, 
 who, according to Anacreon and Ovid, imagined that rofes, 
 planted or {hewed upon the graves of the dead, perfumed and 
 protected their afhes. 
 
 D A R K I N G. 
 
 This is a market town in Surrey, twenty-four miles from 
 London, pleafantly fituated on the banks of the river Mole. 
 It is a place of confiderable antiquity, and is built on a foft rock 
 of fandy ftone j and the cellars under the houfes being cut out 
 of the fame materials, are extremely cold even in fummer. 
 Some of our moft eminent phyficians have efteemed the air at 
 this place the moft healthy in England j and many of the citi- 
 zens of London have country feats in and near the town. The 
 ilreets are broad, open, well-paved, and kept extremely clean ; 
 fo that the whole has a very agreeable appearance. The town 
 is famous for its great corn trade, and vaft quantities of corn, 
 poultry, and other neceffaries of life, are fold here for the ufe 
 of the London markets ; and the town is well fupplied with 
 butchers meat, frefti water flftifrom the Mole, and fea fifti from 
 the coaft of Suflex. — At the entrance of the town is Shrub-hill^ 
 the feat of Lord Cathcart. 
 
 Box-hilly jn this neighbourhood, had its name from its being 
 planted for the moft part with box trees, cut out into a great 
 number of arbours, and formed into Labyrinths. This hill, 
 from whence there is a moft enchanting profpecl, is much the 
 refort of gentry from all parts of the county. 
 
 About five miles from Darking, is the village of Wotton j 
 and in opening the ground in the church-yard here, to en- 
 l-i rge the vault of the Evelyn family, in the reign of King 
 Charles the Second, a human flceleton was found, which mea- 
 fured nine feet three inches in length. -—Not far from Wotton is 
 Leith-hill, which is celebrated for its extent, and the uncom • 
 mon finenefs of its profpecl. It coijfifts of one continued, and 
 almoft imperceptible afcent from Wotton, for near three miles 
 to the fouth j and from the fummit finks, on the fputh fide, 
 with a gentle declivity of about eight miles, as far as Horfham 
 in Suflex. This is by much the higheft hill in the county of 
 
 Surrey, 
 
TH£ BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 235 
 
 Surrey, and from the top of it may be feen, in a dear day, alt 
 Surrey and Suflex, parts of Hampfhire, Berkfhire, Oxford- 
 fhire, Buckinghamshire, Hertfordshire, Middlefex, Eflex, and 
 Kent ; and by the help of a telefcope, fome part of Wikfhire j 
 fo that the whole circumference of the view is thought to be near 
 260 miles. 
 
 R Y E G A T E. 
 This town is twenty-three miles from London, htuated in 
 the vale of Holmfdale, and is furrounded with hills. It is an 
 ancient borough by prefcription, and is governed by a bailiff, 
 chofen annually at the manor- court. Here is a handfome church,' 
 built of freeftone, a charity-fchodl, and a market houfe, which 
 was formerly a chapel, dedicated to Thomas a Becket ; and 
 here are fome inconfiderable remains Of a very antient caftle. — 
 There is a fair held here on Whit Monday, and another on the 
 14th of September. 
 
 In the reign of King Henry III. William Warren, Earl of 
 Surrey, founded a priory of Black Canons, at the bottom of a 
 hill, adjoining to Ryegate, whjch is now converted into a 
 dwelling-houfe, and a few years ago was the refidence of the 
 late Alderman Parfons. 
 
 On the fouth-fide of Ryegate is a fine park full of little groves 
 and under this there is a wonderful vault of arched work, made 
 of free-ftone, and hollowed with great labour. 
 
 WoKiNC? is a fmall market-town, twenty-eight miles from 
 London, which was once a confiderable place, but is now much 
 decayed. Two miles to the north by eaft of Woking, is Pur- 
 FORD, or PyrforD, a village, in which is a fine feat which" 
 belonged to the late Denfcil Onflow, Efq. It is fituated near 
 the banks of the Wey, and is rendered extremely pleafant by 
 the beautiful intermixture of wood and water, rn the park, gar- 
 dens, and adjoining grounds. By the park is a decoy, the firffc 
 of the kind in this part of England. 
 
 Four miles to the eaft of Woking, is OakhaM, the 
 feat of Lord King, whofe park extends to the great road. This' 
 Was purchafed by Sir Peter King, afterwards Lord Chan- 
 cellor. The houfe wa3 greatly repaired and beautified by the 
 late Lord, and the prefent Lord King has made great im- 
 provements in the park and gardens. — The inhabitants of this 
 village haVe a tradition,- that at Ockham Court was formerly i 
 nunnery, and that a fubterraneous patTage went from it to 
 Newark abbey, (which ftood in the neighbouring parifh of 
 
 G g 2 Send) 
 
236 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 Send) by which there was a communication between the monks 
 and nuns. 
 
 B A G S H O T. 
 
 This is a village in Surrey, twenty-feven miles from London, 
 tn the great Weftern road, and chiefly remarkable for its afford- 
 ing good accommodations for travellers. At a little diftance is 
 Bagjhot Parky a fine feat belonging to the Earl of Albemarle. 
 Bagjhot -heath is a large barren tracl of country, but appears to 
 be capable of great improvement. 
 
 MAIDENHEAD. 
 This is a market-town in Berkfhire, at the diftance of twen- 
 ty-eight miles from London. It ftands in two pariflies, Cook- 
 ham and Bray, and was raifed out of obfeurity by a bridge, 
 which about three centuries ago was built over the Thames 
 at this place, and brought hither the great north-weft road, 
 which ufed to crofs the Thames at a place called Babham end, 
 about two miles to the north, where there was a ferry. After 
 this bridge was built, Maidenhead began to be accommodated 
 with inns, and the town is now pretty large, and tolerably well 
 built. The bridge is maintained by the corporation, for which 
 they are allowed the tolls both over and under it ; and the 
 crown gives three trees a year out of Windfor foreft towards re- 
 pairing it. The barge pier divides Berkfhire from Buckingham- 
 fhire. There is a great trade here in malt, meal, and timber, 
 which are carried in barges to London. Here is a gaol both for 
 debtors and felons, a chapel dedicated to St. Andrew the apoftle 
 and St. Mary Magdalen, but no church, and an alms houfe, 
 confifting of dwellingsjfor eight poor men and their wives j each 
 man has fix pounds a year, and every fecond year each perfon 
 has a new gown. It was endowed by James Smith, citizen and 
 falter of London, and his wife, about 1589, and the Salters 
 company of London are truftees. 
 
 The village of Bray is about a mile from Maidenhead, and 
 is very famous, both on account of its antiquity, and a former 
 view, who was twice a Papift, and twice a Proteftant, in the 
 reigns of Hesry VIII. Edward VI. and the Queens Mary and 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 R E A D- 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 237 
 
 READING. 
 This town is fuppofed to derive its name from Redin, tho 
 Britifli word for Fern, which is faid to have grown here in great 
 abundance. It is thirty-nine miles from London, is the county- 
 town, and is governed by a mayor, twelve aldermen, and twelve 
 burgeffes. It contains three parifh churches, and the flreets of 
 this town are well built, and it is more fpacious and populous 
 than many cities. It is partly encompalTed by the Thames, 
 which juft by it receives the river Kennet, that pafles under fe- 
 ven bridges in the town and neighbourhood, and abounds with 
 pike, eel, dace, and fine trout. It had anciently a cattle, 
 of which the Danes are faid to have been in polTeffion, when 
 they drew a ditch between the Kennet and the Thames ; and 
 they retreated hither, after they had been routed, at a little 
 diftance from hence, by the Saxon King Ethelwolf; bur. in 
 872, they quitted it to the Saxons, who plundered and de- 
 ftroyed the town, which they repeated in 1006. But it re- 
 covered itfelf, and is faid to have been a borough in the reign 
 of William the Conqueror. Its caftle afterwards having been 
 a refuge for King Stephen's party, was demolifhed by King 
 Henry II. 
 
 A magnificent abbey of flint-ftone was founded here by King 
 Henry I. which is faid to have equalled moft of the abbies in 
 England for its ftru&ure and wealth j and its abbots fat in the 
 houfe of lord. It was fupprefled foon after the Reformation ; 
 but the gate-houfe is ftill pretty entire, and there are fome re- 
 mains of its walls eight feet thick. 
 
 Reading has a confiderable trade in the country, but its chief* 
 traffic is with London ; whither it fends malt, meal, and tim- 
 ber, and receives back coals, fait, tobacco, grocery wares, and 
 other commodities. Thelargeft barges come up to the town- 
 bridge, where there are commodious wharfs for clearing and 
 loading them. The Kennet, which runs through the town, 
 will bear a barge of more than an hundred tons, and is naviga- 
 ble almoft to Newbury. — This town fends two members to par- 
 liament ; and there are four annual fairs held here j viz. on the 
 iftof February, the 25th of July, the2iftof September, and. 
 the 6th of November. 
 
 As fome peafants were digging fome years ago, on a rifinfe 
 ground, not far from Reading, they difcovcred a ftratum of 
 oyfter fhells, lying on a bed of green land, and covered with 
 a ftratum of bluifh clay. Many of the (hells when they sr^ 
 2 . v t::ken 
 
238 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 taken up, have both the valves lying together, and when the 
 upper and under fhell or valve ate found feparate, it appears, up- 
 on comparing and joining them, that they orginally belonged to 
 each other. This ftratum has been found to extend through 
 five or fix acres of ground. 
 
 NEWBURY. 
 
 This town is fifty- fix miles from London, and is pleafantly 
 fituated on the river Kennet, which runs through the town ; 
 the ftreets are fpacious, and the market-place, in which there 
 is a guild-hall, is large. The town is fuppofed to have rifen out 
 of the ruins of the antient Spina, a town mentioned by Anto- 
 ninus in his Itinerary : for there is a little village within lefs 
 than a mile, that is ftill called Spene, which the inhabitants of 
 Newbury own to be the mother-place, and part of Newbury 
 Itfelf is called Spenham Land. 
 
 The town has been very famous for the manufacture of broad 
 cloth, but that trade is now much on the decline here. Sd 
 much broad cloth was made here formerly, that in the reign of 
 Henry VIII. here flourifhed John Winfcomb, commonly cal- 
 led Jack of Newbury, one of the greateft clothiers that ever 
 was in England. He kept an hundred looms in his houfe ; and 
 in the expedition to Flodden-field againft the Scots, he march- 
 ed thither in defence of his country at the head of an hundred 
 of his own men, all cloathed and armed at his own expence. 
 He behaved in that engagement with diftinguilhed bravery ; and 
 afterwards returned to his native place, and at his own expence 
 re-built the greateft part of the parifh-church of this town* 
 The houfe in which he lived remained till about a century ago, 
 When it was divided into tenements, and let out to different 
 tenants. 
 
 The town-hall at Newbury is an ancient edifice, built of 
 brick, and fupported by pillars ; and in this hall the inhabi^ 
 tants have fixed up a fine hiftorical picture of the furrender op 
 Calais, which was painted by Mr. Pine in the year 1762, 
 and for which he received the firft premium of one hundred 
 
 pounds given by the Society of Arts. There is an alms- 
 
 houfe here, faid to have been originally founded by Kind 
 John, for fix poor men, and fix poor women ; each perfon ill 
 allowed twenty-one pence per week, four (hillings each on tha 
 fair day, thirteen millings and four pence at Chriftmas, an hunJ 
 dred faggots of Wood yearly, and a new coat or gown ever* 
 two years. . , J 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. a 39 
 
 There are feveral agreeable villages in the neighbourhood of 
 Newbury, particularly Enb$urne> which is remarkable for the 
 following Angular and whimfxcal cuftom of the manor. The 
 widow of every copyhold tenant is intitled to the whole co- 
 pyhold eftate of her hufband fo long as (he continues unmar- 
 ried and chafte ; if (he marries, flie lofes her widow's eftate 
 without remedy; but if flie is guilty of incontinence, flie may 
 recover her forfeiture, by riding into court on the next 
 court day, mounted on a black ram, with her face towards 
 the tail, and the tail in her hand, and repeating the following 
 lines : 
 
 <c Here I arn, mounted on a black ram, 
 
 f 4 Like a whore as I am ; 
 
 4< And for my crincum crancum 
 
 -* Have loft my bincum ban cum, 
 
 *' And for my tail's game, 
 
 " Am brought to this worldly fliame, 
 
 *'* Therefore,good Mr. Steward, let me have my lands again.'* 
 
 At Ham/lead Mar/hall, which is not far from Newbury, 
 Lord Craven has a handfome feat and park. And at a little 
 diftance from hence is the caftle of Donnington, pleafantly 
 fituated, at the brow of a hill, near the fmall river Lam- 
 bourn, and celebrated for being the refidence of our fomous 
 Englifh poet, Geoffrey Chaucer. Since the beginning of the 
 prefent century, there was a tree in the park, under which, 
 according to a traditionary report, he ufed to compofe his 
 poems. 
 
 HUNGERFORD 
 Is a fmall market-town, about eight miles from Newbury, 
 and fixty-four from London. It is governed by a conftable, 
 who is chofen yearly, and is lord of the manor, which he holds 
 immediately of the King, for the time being. The church is 
 an handfome Gothic ftrudture. They have a horn here that 
 holds about a quart, and which appears by an infcription on it, 
 to have been given to this town by the famous John of Gaunt, 
 fon of K. Edward III. together with a grant of the royal fifh- 
 ery, in a part of the river which abounds with good trout and 
 craw-fifti. 
 
 LAM- 
 
A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 LAMBOURNE. 
 
 This is a fmall town, fixty-eight miles from London, which 
 derives its name from the little river Lambourne which rifes near 
 it. It is not a place of much note, but the adjacent country is 
 pteafant. There is an hofpital here for ten poor men, which 
 was founded in 1502. This town is moft remarkable for its ri- 
 Tulet, which is always higheft in fummer, but fo low in win- 
 ter, as to be almoft entirely loft. 
 
 At a little diftance from hence* is the moft remarkable curi- 
 ofuy in Berkfhire. This is the rude figure of a White Horfe, 
 which takes up near an acre of ground, on the fide of a green 
 hill. A horfe is known to have been the Saxon ftandard j and 
 fome have fuppofed that this figure was made by Hengift, one 
 of the Saxon Kings ; but Mr. Wife, the author of a letter on 
 this fubjecl to Dr. Mead, publifhed in the year 1738, brings 
 feveral arguments to {hew that it was made by the order of Al- 
 fred, in the reign of his brother Ethelred, as a monument of 
 his victory gained oyer the Danes, in the year 871, near Alh- 
 tlown, now called Amen or Afhbury Park, which is at prefent 
 one of the feats of Lord Craven, and at a little diftance from 
 this hill. Others however fuppofe it to have been partly the 
 effect of accident, and partly the work of fhepherds, who ob- 
 iervinga rude figure, fomewhat refembling a horfe, as there are 
 in the veins of wood and ftonemany figures that refemble trees, 
 caves, and other objects, reduced it by degrees to a more regu- 
 lar figure. But however this be, it has been the cuftom im- 
 memoiial for the neighbouring peafants to aflemble on a certain 
 day about Midfummer, and clear away the weeds from this 
 white whorfe, and trim the .edges to preferve its colour and 
 ftape; after which the evening is {pent in mirth and feftivity. — > \ 
 The hill on which this ftands is called White Horfe Hill ; and to 
 the north of this hill there is a long valley reaching from the 
 weftern fide of the county, where it borders upon Wiltfhire, 
 as far as Wantage, which from this hill is called the Vale of 
 White Horfe, and is the moft fertile part of the county. 
 
 FARRINGDON 
 Is a neat clean town, fixty-eight miles from London, and 
 pleafantly fituated on a hill near the river Thames. The 
 church is a venerable Gothic ftruclure, and has painted 
 
 glafs j 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 241 
 
 glafs in the windows, befides many antient monuments. — 
 Henry Pye, Efqj has an handfome feat here. 
 
 W A N T A G E. 
 This is an agreeable market*town, fixty miles from Lon- 
 don, and eight from Farringdon ; and is pleafantly fituated in 
 a fine fporting country. This place was formerly a royal villa, 
 and is faid to have been the birth place of King Alfred. — The 
 country adjoining to Wantage is. extremely pleafant. 
 
 EAST-1LSLEY. 
 
 This is a fmall market town, fifty-four miles from London, 
 agreeably fituated in a fporting country. The houfes in the 
 town are neat, and the adjoining lands well cultivated. The 
 market, which is held on Wednefday, is faid to be the greateft 
 for fheep of any in England. 
 
 About three miles eaftward of Ilfley is a village called Aid' 
 worth, a place of great antiquity, where was formerly a calile, 
 which was deftroyed in the reign of King Edward III. The 
 parifh church is a venerable Gothic ftrudture, and has in itfeveral 
 antient monuments ; among thefe are nine, with the figures 
 of the deceafed cut in ftone, and lying in a fleeping potturc ; 
 five of which are fuppofed to have been knights templars. The 
 church-yard is extremely rural, and has in it one of the fincft 
 yew-trees in England, being no lefs than twenty-feven feet in 
 circumference. 
 
 WALLIN GFORD 
 Is forty-fix miles from London, and is a large town, and 
 makes a good appearance. It is fituated on the river Thames, 
 over which it has a ftone bridge, that is 309 yards long, having 
 nineteen arches, and four draw-bridges. It has a market-houfe, 
 over which is the town-hall. The chief fupport of this town 
 is the malt trade. There was formerly a famous cafile here, 
 fome remains of which are yet to be feen. 
 
 Within a mile of this town is a farm called Chofely, the lands 
 belonging to which lie all together, and are let at one thoufand 
 pounds per annum ; and there is one barn on the eftate, the 
 roof of which is three hundred and fix feet long. — This ufed 
 to be confidered as the largeft farm in England, but it is pro- 
 bably not fo now, fince the pernicious practice of engrolfing 
 and enlarging farms has become fo prevalent. Some artful 
 reafoners have, indeed, endeavoured to prove, that large farms 
 
 H h are 
 
242 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 are moft advantageous to the community ; but the arguments 
 brought in fupport of this opinion, appear to be extremely fo- 
 pbiftical ; and it is certain, that an equitable and benevolent go- 
 vernment would chufe to encourage that mode of cultivating the 
 earth, that was moft favourable to population, and by which 
 the greateft number of induftrious families might be comfort- 
 ably fupported ; which cannot be the cafe when the monopoli- 
 zation of farms becomes general, and which therefore may juft- 
 ly be confidered, for this and various other reafons, as a moft 
 pernicious practice. 
 
 ABINGDON 
 
 Is fituated on a branch of the Thames, at the diftance of 
 fifty-fix miles from London. It is a, large, populous, and flou- 
 rifhing town : the ftreets are well paved, and center in a fpaci- 
 ous area, where the market is held. In the center of this area 
 is the market-houfe ; which is a curious building of afhler-work, 
 fupported on lofty pillars, with a large hall of free-ftone above, 
 in which the aflizes are frequently held, and other public bufinefs 
 tranfacted. There was formerly a very magnificent abbey here, 
 which was deftroyed at the general diflblution of the mona- 
 fteries. Here are two parifh churches, both of which are faid 
 to have been built by one of the abbots of Abingdon. There 
 is alfo here a well endowed free-fchool, and two alms-houfes 
 for poor people of both fexes. The trade carried on by the in- 
 habitants of this town chiefly confifts in dealing in corn, and 
 preparing malt, which is conveyed down the river in barges to 
 London. 
 
 OXFORD. 
 
 This famous city is fifty-five miles from London, and is a 
 place of great antiquity, but is chiefly diftinguifhed for its illu- 
 ftrious univerfity. It is fituated on the banks of the Thames, 
 near its confluence with feveral other rivers, in a beautiful plain, 
 and a fweet air. It is encompafled by meadows and corn- 
 fields. The meadows, which are chiefty to the fouth and 
 weft, are about a mile in extent } beyond which are hills of 
 a moderate height, bounding the profpe£L The eaftern pro- 
 fpecl is likewife bounded by hills at a little diftance. The 
 north is open to corn-fields and enclofures for many miles 
 together, without an hill to intercept the free current of 
 air, which purifies it from noxious vapours. When this city 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 243 
 
 was firft fortified does not appear ; but the walls now re- 
 maining are fuppofed to have been raifed upon fome former 
 foundation about the time of the Norman invafion. Ro- 
 bert D'Oilie eredted the cattle, at the command of William 
 the Norman in 1071. Its maffy ruins {hew its flrength and 
 extent. 
 
 Oxford, including the fuburbs,-is a mile in length from 
 eaft to weft, and almoft as much in breadth from north to fouth, 
 being three miles in circumference ; but it is of an irregular 
 figure, and feveral void fpaces are comprehended within thefe 
 limits, befides the many courts and gardens belonging to the rs- 
 fpe£Hve colleges. The city, propeily fo called, which was 
 formerly furrounded by a wall, with baftions, at about one 
 hundred and fifty feet diftance from each other, is of an ob- 
 long form. There are ftill fome confiderable remains of the 
 old walls. 
 
 The ftreets of Oxford are fpacious, clean, and regular ; 
 the private buildings in general are neat, and the public ones 
 fumptuous. There is a cathedral here, and thirteen parifh 
 churches. The city is governed by a mayor, a high-fteward, 
 a recorder, four aldermen, eight ailiftants, a town-clerk, other 
 officers, and twenty-four common councilmen. The mayor, 
 for the time being, officiates at the coronation of our Kings, in 
 the buttery, and has a large gilt bowl and cover for his fee. 
 The magiftracy of this city is fubje&ed to the chancellor or 
 vice-chancellor of the univerfity, in all affairs of moment, even 
 relating to the city ; and the vice-chancellor every year admini- 
 flers an oath to the magiftrates and fherifTs, that they will main- 
 tain the privileges of the univerfity. And on the 10th of Fe- 
 bruary annually, the mayor and fixty-two of the chief citizens 
 folemnlypay each one penny, at St. Mary's church here, in lieu 
 of a great fine laid upon the city, in the reign of King Ed- 
 ward III. when fixty-two of the (tudents were murdered by the 
 citizens. 
 
 The town-hall here is a neat modern edifice, in which the 
 aflizes for the county, and the city and county fefiions are held ; 
 and there are in this city five or fix charity fchools, in which 
 about three hundred children are taught and cloathed. There 
 are two ftone bridges here over the Thames, which is navigable 
 by barges to the city, from whence large quantities of malt are 
 fent by barges to London. 
 
 H h 2 
 
 The 
 
244 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 The UNIVERSITY 
 
 Is one of the nobleft in the world, efpecially for the opulency 
 of its endowments, and the conveniency of its manfions for 
 ftudy. It confifts of twenty colleges, and five halls, and is a 
 corporation governed by a chancellor, a high-fteward, a vice- 
 chancellor, two proctors, a public orator, a keeper of the 
 archives, a regifter, three efquire- beadles, carrying filver maces 
 gilt and wrought, and three veomen beadles, with plain filver 
 maces, and a verger with a filver rod. The chancellor is ufual- 
 ly a peer of the realm, he is the fupreme governor of the uni- 
 verfity, and is chofen by the ftudents in convocation, and conti- 
 nues in his office for life. The high fteward is named by the 
 Chancellor, but mult be approved by the univerfity. His office, 
 which continues alfo for life, is to affiff. the chancellor in the go- 
 vernment of the univerfity, and to hear and determine capital 
 caufes, according to the laws of the land, and the privileges of 
 the univerfity. 1 he vice-chancellor, who is always in orders, 
 and the head of fome college, is appointed by the chancellor, 
 and approved by the univerfity j he is the chancellor's deputy, 
 and exercifes the power of his fubftituent, by governing the uni- 
 verfity according to its ftatutes ; he chufes four pro-vice-chan- 
 cellors out of the heads of colleges to officiate in his abfence. 
 The two proctors are mafters of arts, and are chofen annually 
 in turn out of the feveral colleges and halls. Their bufinefs is to 
 keep the peace, punifh diforders, infpect weights and meafures, 
 appoint fcholaftic exercifes, and the taking of degrees. The 
 public orator writes letters in the name of the univerfity, and 
 harrangues princes and other great perfonages who vifit it. The 
 keeper of the archives has the cuftody of the charters and re- 
 cords ; and the regifter records all the public tranfactions of the 
 univerfity in convocation. 
 
 Befides the public officers of the univerfity which have been 
 mentioned, there are particular and private officers in all colleges 
 sno halls, to fee that due order and difcipline be obferved and 
 kept up, lectures read, difputations performed, and all the libe- 
 ral fciences read and taught, as logic, phyfics, ethics, metaphy- 
 lics, aftronomy, geography, and geometry, &c. of which alfo 
 there are public lecturers and profeflors. 
 
 The degrees taken in the univerfity are in divinity, law, 
 phyfic, and aits; four years are required for taking a ba- 
 chelor of arts degrees i feven years for a mafter of arts; 
 
 fourteen 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 24s 
 
 fourteen years for a bachelor of divinity ; eighteen years for 
 a do&or of divinity ; feven years for a bachelor of laws, 
 phylic, or muficj and twelve years for a doctor of laws, phy- 
 tic, or mufic. 
 
 As to the antiquity of Oxford, it is fuppofed to have been 
 a confiderable place even in the time of the Romans ; and 
 Camden fays, that " wife antiquity did, even in the Britifli 
 \* age, confecratc this place to the mufes." Before the time of 
 King Alfred it was ftiled an univerfity ; and the beft hiftorians 
 admit, that this moft excellent prince was only a reftorer of 
 learning here. Alfred built three colleges here ; one for divi- 
 nity, another for philofophy, and a third for grammar. 
 
 The number of officers, fellows, and fcholars, maintained at 
 prefent by the revenues of this univerfity, is about 1000, 'and 
 the number of fuch fcholars as live at their own charge is uiually 
 about 2000 ; the whole amounting to 3000 perfons, befides a 
 great number of inferior officers and fervants, belonging to the 
 feveral colleges and halls, which have each their ftatutes and 
 rules for government, under their refpe£tive heads, with fel- 
 low* and tutors. Here are four terms every year for public cx- 
 ereifes, lectures, and difputations, and let days and hours when 
 the profeffors of every faculty read their lectures, and in fome 
 of the colleges are public lectures, to which all perfons are ad- 
 mitted. 
 
 The Public Schools. 
 
 Thefe, with one fide of the Library on the weft, form with- 
 in a fpacious fquare of 105 feet. The principal front of the 
 fchools on the outfide is about 175 feet in length, in the mid- 
 dle whereof is a great a;ate, with a magnificent tower over it, 
 which is Sir Henry Saviie's library; and the higheft apartments 
 of the tower are ufed for aftronomical obfervations, and fome 
 experiments in philofophy ; and from thence called the Obfer- 
 vatory. 
 
 The Schools are as follows, 1. the Divinity fchool ; 2. the 
 Anatomy fchool ; 3. the Natural Philofophy fchool ; 4. the 
 Moral Philofophy fchool ; 5. the Law fchool ; 6. the Hiftory 
 fchool; 7. the Language fchool; 8. the Geometry fchool j 
 q. the Metaphyfic fchool ; 10. the Logic fchool ; 1 1, the Mu- 
 fic fchool ; a new one was built in Holywell, in 1747 ; 12. the 
 Affronomy fchool ; 13. the Rhetoric fchool. 
 
 Tn thefe" public fchools the profeflbrs are to read their 
 lectures in the feveral fcienccs every day in the week during 
 
 term- 
 
246 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 term-time, except Sundays. In which fchools likewife all fcho- 
 lars are obliged, by the ftatutes of the univerfity, at fuch and 
 fuch certain times to perform fuch and fuch exercifes for their fe- 
 veral degrees, as difputations, declamations, examinations, 
 lectures, &c. 
 
 Three fides of the upper ftory of the Schools, form one en- 
 tire room, which is called the Picture Gallery. It is 
 furnifhed with the portraits of many learned and fa the , 
 fevei al large cabinets of medals, and fome cafes of books 
 ing intended as a continuation of the Bodleian library. A: 
 the paintings, are portraits of King Alfred, WJllja 
 Wykeham, Biftiop of Winchefter, Sir Thomas Be 
 Wallis, Sir Henry Savile, Sir Hans Sloane, Dr. H< 
 muel Butler, Archbifhop Ufhur, Hugo Grotius, Joleph oca- 
 lagier, Ifaac Cafaubon, Meric Cafaubon, Era' 
 Holbein, Francifcus Junius by Vandyke, Joh 
 taigne, Father Paul, Dr. Edward Pococke, : r, 
 Dr. Henry Hammond, Sir Thomas M01 ice, 
 Samuel Bochart, Sir William Dugdal ., Ben 
 Jonfon, Pope, Prior, Swift, the Earl 01 Rad- 
 cliffe, Lord Falkland, Mr. Locke, and • .minent 
 
 and learned perfons. 
 
 The Arundel marbles are placed to adv. in a large 
 
 apartment on the north fide of the fchools. t ney confift of 
 fome very antient monuments, both Greek and Latin, procured 
 from the Levant, and were moft of them the gift of Henry 
 
 Howard, Earl of Arundel. In the Logic and Moral Philo- 
 
 fophy fchool is alfo placed a fine collection of ftatues, buftos, 
 and marble fculptures, which were many years at Eaffon, the 
 feat of the Earl of Pomfret, and were presented to the Univer- 
 fity of Oxford by the late Countefs of Pomfret. 
 
 The University Library, ufually called the Bodleian 
 Library, from Sir Thomas Bodley its principal founder, is 
 a large, lofty ftru&ure, in the form of a Roman H, and is 
 faid to contain the greateft number of books of any library in 
 Europe, (except perhaps the Vatican) a catalogue whereof is 
 printed in two volumes, folio. The original library has 
 been prodigioufly increafed by many large and valuable collec- 
 tions of Greek and Oriental manufcripts, as well as other 
 choice and curious books. — Among a great number of moft 
 valuable books in this library, are the following : — 1 he four 
 Gofpels in Greek, above 1000 years old, in large capital 
 
 letters. 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 247 
 
 letters. — The four Gofpels, a Latin manufcript, one thoufand 
 four hundred years old, fuppofed to have been one of thofe 
 books which were brought over into Britain by St. Auguftine. 
 The Acts of the Apoftles, in Latin and Greek, thought to be 
 as old as the laft, and to have formerly belonged to Venerable 
 Bede. 
 
 The Ratcliffe Library is fituated between St. Mary's 
 church and the public fchools, and was built at the fole expence 
 of that eminent phyfician Dr. John Radcliffe, who bequeathed 
 forty thoufand pounds for this purpofe. It is a fumptuous 
 pile of building, ftanding upon arcades, which circularly dif- 
 pofed, indole a fpacious dome, in the center of which is the 
 library itfelf, and into which there is an afcent by a flight of 
 fpiral fteps, well executed. The library, which is a compleat 
 pattern of elegance and majefty in building, is adorned with 
 fine compartments of ftucco. It is inclofed by circular feries of 
 arches, beautified with feftoons, and fupported by pilafters of 
 the Ionic order ; behind thefe arches are formed two circular 
 galleries above and below, where the books are difpofed in ele- 
 gant cabinets ; the compartments of the cieling in the upper 
 gallery are finely ftuccoed j the pavement is of two colours, and 
 made of a peculiar fpecies of {tone brought from Hart's Foreft 
 in Germany ; and over the door is a ftatue of the founder. 
 The finifhing and decorations of this Attic edifice are all in the 
 higheft tafte imaginable. 
 
 The Theatre at Oxford is another moft magnificent 
 ftru&ure, which was eredted by Sir Chriftopher W ren, at the 
 expence of Archbifhop Sheldon. The building is in the form 
 of a Roman D ; the front of it, which ftands oppofite to the 
 divinity fchool, is adorned with Corinthian pillars, and feveral 
 other decorations. The greateft curiofity of this theatre is its 
 flat roof, which has no pillars to fupport it, being entirely kept 
 up with braces and fcrews, and whofe main beams are made 
 of feveral pieces of timber, from fide wall to fide wall, eighty 
 feet over one way, and feventy the other, whofe lockages are 
 in feveral refpefts perhaps not to be paralleled in the world ; 
 and is the fubjecl of art excellent mathematical treatife, writ- 
 ten by the learned Dr. Wallis. The infide of this flat roof 
 is decorated with allegorical painting. In this edifice are kept 
 the public acts, called the Comitia or Encania ; at which 10- 
 lemn times, for the prefervation of order, there are appointed, 
 befides the cur«tors of the theatre, feveral proftors of it, who 
 
 are 
 
248 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 are to take care that the public peace is kept undifturbed, and 
 that all perfons be placed in their proper ftations. When the 
 theatre is properly filled, the vice-chancellor being feated in 
 the center of the femi-circular part, the noblemen and doctors 
 on his right and left hand, the proctors and curators in their 
 robes, the matters of arts, batchelors, and under graduates, in 
 their refpective habits and places, together with ftrangers of both 
 fexes, it makes a moft auguft appearance. 
 
 On the weft of the Theatre is the Ashmolean Museum, 
 which is an handfome edifice, that was finifhed in 1682, by 
 Sir Chriftopher Wren, and is rernarkable for its fymmetry and 
 elegance. The eaftern portico is highly finifhed in the Corin- 
 thian order, and adorned with variety of characteriftical embel- 
 lifhments. This Mufeum is a famous repofitory of natural and 
 artificial rarities, and of feveral Roman antiquities, as altars, 
 lamps, medals, Sic. and the building was erected at the expence 
 of the Univerfity, at the requeft of Elias Afhmole, Efq; who 
 placed here the large collection of rarities which he had collect- 
 ed and purchafed. And this collection has been fmce greatly 
 enriched by feveral ample and valuable benefactions. The 
 principal natural curiofities confift of the bodies, horns, bones, 
 &c of animals, preferved dry, or in fpirits ; curious and nu- 
 merous fpecimens of metals, minerals, fhells, ores, and foffils. 
 On the firft floor of this building lectures are read in experimen- 
 tal philofophy ; and, in proper apartments underneath, is an 
 elaboratory for courfes of chemiftry and anatomy. There are 
 three fmall libraries in this edifice, the firft called Afhmole's 
 ftudy, which contains his printed books and manufcripts relating 
 to heraldry and antiquity, and the manufcripts of Sir William 
 Dugdale j the fecond contains Dr. Lifter's library ; and the 
 third that of Anthony Wood, with his laborious collections, 
 chiefly relating to this city and univerfity. 
 
 On the other fide of the theatre, and north of the fchools, 
 ftands the Clarendon Printing House, built in the year 
 17 h, with the profits arifing from the fale of Lord Claren- 
 don's Hiftory ; the copy of which was given to the Univerfity 
 by the Lords Clarendon and Rochefter, fons of that nobleman. 
 It is a grand edifice, one hundred and fifteen feet in length j 
 and confifts of two lofty ftories. Towards the ftreet, is a mag- 
 nificent portico in the Doric order; the height of the columns 
 being equal to the two ftories. T his is anfwered on the oppo- 
 fite fide, next the fchools, by a frontjfpiece fupportcd by three 
 
 quarter 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. ?49 
 
 quarter columns of the fame dimeniions ; and the Doric enta- 
 blature encompafles the whole building. On the top, are fta- 
 tues of the nine Mufes ; and over the entrance on the fouth 
 fide a ftatue of the Earl of Clarendon. As we enter on this 
 fide, on the right hand, are the apartments where bibles and 
 common prayer-books are printed, under the privilege and ap- 
 pointment of the univedity. On the left, is the univerfity- 
 prefs. Befides the apartments afligned for the compofitors, preff- 
 men, &c. there is one with a lobby, or ante-chamber, where 
 the heads of houfes and delegates meet, which is well propor- 
 tioned and highly finifhed. in this room is a very good piiiure 
 of Queen Anne, by Sir Godfrey Kneller. 
 
 The Physic Garden is fituated on the fouth of Magda- 
 len college, and was given to the univerfity by Henry D'An- 
 vers, Earl of Danby, who purchafed the ground, contair.inor 
 five acres, of Magdalen college, furrounded it with a lofty wall, 
 and erected, next to the ftreet, a parapet, with iron palifades 
 thereon. The piers which fupport thefe and other iron- work, 
 are properly ornamented with vafes of fruits and flowers of va- 
 rious kinds, ferving as a fence to the green-court, through 
 which we pafs to the gateway ; thedefign of which is attribu- 
 ted to Inigo Jones, and is juftly efteemed an elegant piece of 
 architecture. In the center over the arch is a buft of the 
 founder, Lord Danby ; and on the left hand of the entrance is 
 a ftatue of Charles I. and on the right hand, one of Charles 
 II. The garden is divided into four quarters, with a broad 
 walk down the middle, a crofs walk, and one all round. 
 Near the entrance, are two elegant and ufeful green -houfes, 
 one on the right, the other on the left, built by the univerfity 
 for Exotics, of which there is a confiderable collection. In the 
 quarters, within the yew hedges, is the greateft variety of fuch 
 plants as require no artificial heat to nourifh them, all ranged 
 in the proper clafies, and numbered. Eaftward of the garden, 
 without the walls^ is an excellent hot-houfe ; where tender 
 plants, fuch whofe native foil lies between the Tropics, are 
 raifed and brought to great perfection j viz. the anana or pine 
 apple, the plantain, the coffee flirub, the cinnamon, the 
 creeping cereus, and many others. This ufeful foundation 
 has been much improved by the late Dr. Shenai I, who 
 brought from Smyrna a valuable collection of Botanical Books, 
 and a valuable Hortus Siccus. T he eaft end of the builu ng 
 is the apartment for the profeflbr, whofe falary is paid out 
 of the intereft of three thoufand pounds, given by Dr. Sher- 
 
 I i rard 
 
A NEW 'DISPLAY OF 
 
 rard for that purpofe. An affiftant to the profeflbr is 
 
 provided by the univerfity. We now proceed to give fome 
 
 account of the feveral Colleges and Halls of this famous uni- 
 verfity.. 
 
 Magdalen College is fituated without theeaft gate of 
 the city, on the bank of the river Cherwell ; a Doric portal, 
 (decorated with a ftatue of the founder, and other figures,) 
 leads to the weft front of this college, which is a ftriking fpeci- 
 men of the Gothic manner- The firft court is a venerable 
 old quadrangle, furrounded by a cloifter, on the fouth fide of 
 which are the chapel and hall ; the windows of the chapel are 
 finely painted ; the hall is a (lately Gothic room, adorned with 
 fine paintings. From this court there is a narrow paflage on 
 the north, that leads to a beautiful opening, one fide of which 
 is bounded by a noble and elegant edifice, in the modern tafte, 
 coniifting of three ftories, and three hundred feet in length. 
 This college is remarkable for a moft beautiful fituation, and a 
 charming profpecl:. It was founded in the reign of Henry VI. 
 by William Patten, commonly called William of Wainfleet, 
 Bifhop of Winchefter. It confifts of a prefident, forty fellows, 
 thirty demies, fchool-mafter, and ufher, four chaplains, an or- 
 ganift, eight clerks, and fixteen chorifters, and three readers of 
 divinity, and natural and moral philofophy. The whole num- 
 ber of ftudents, including gentlemen commoners, is about one 
 hundred and twenty. 
 
 The Grove belonging to this College, which is laid out in 
 walks, and well planted with trees, feems perfectly adapted to 
 indulge contemplation j it has in it about forty head of deer. 
 Befides the walks which are in the grove, there is a very de- 
 lightful, and much frequented one, round a meadow contain- 
 ing about thirteen acres, furrounded by the feveral branches of 
 the Cherwell, from whence it is called the Waterwalks. It is 
 fhaded with tall trees, and there is an agreeable view of the ad- 
 jacent country. 
 
 Queen's College is fituated on the north fide of the 
 High-ftreet, oppofite Univerfity College. The front of this 
 College is in the ftile of the palace of Luxemburgh, and is at 
 once elegant and magnificent : in the middle of it a cupola, 
 under which is a ftatue of the late Queen Caroline. This 
 beautiful college is one entire piece of well executed modern 
 architecture ; the whole area on which it ftands is an oblong 
 fquare, 300 feet in length, and 220 in breadth; which area 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 251 
 
 being divided by the hall and chapel, is formed into two courts j 
 the firft, or fouth court, is one hundred and forty feet in length, 
 and one hundred and thirty in breadth; it is furrounded by a 
 beautiful cloyfter, except upon the north fide, which is formed 
 by the chapel and hall, and finely finifhed in the" Doric order : 
 in the center, over a portico leading to the north court, frauds a 
 handfome cupola, fupported by eight Ionic columns ; the north 
 court is 130 feet long, and 90 broad. On the weft (rands the 
 library, which is a fine pile of buildings of the Corinthian or- 
 der, upwards of one hundred feet in length. This college was 
 founded by Robert de Eglesfield, chaplain to Queen Phiilippa, 
 wife to King Edward ill. That princefs was a benefacirefs 
 to this college, and it was in compliment to her that it was 
 ftiled Queen's College. Its revenues have been much increa- 
 ied by feveral benefactors ; and its members are one provoff, 
 fixteen fellows, two chaplains, eight taberdars (fo called from 
 < Taberdu?n i a fhort gown which they formerly wore) fixteen 
 cholars, two clerks, and forty exhibitioners ; eight fellows, 
 and four fcholars, fupported by an eftate left to the college by 
 Mr. Mitchell, of Richmond ; befio'es a great number of ma- 
 ilers, bachelors, gentlemen commoners, and other ftudents ; in 
 all about 110. — Among other fingular cuftoms in this college, 
 one is, that of calling the ftudents to dinner or fupper every 
 day by the found of a trumpet ; and another is*, having a Boar's 
 head on Chriftmas day, ufhered in very folemnly with an old 
 Monkifh fong. 
 
 University College is afpacious, fuperb, and uniform 
 ftrufture, began in 1 634., at the expence of Charles Green- 
 wood, formerly a fellow here, and carried on by Sir Simon 
 Bennet, and completed by Dr. John Radcliffe. The magni- 
 ficent north front of this college is extended two hundred and 
 fixty feet along the fouth fide of a ftreet called the High-ftreet, 
 having two ftately portals with a tower over each j the weftern 
 portal leads to an handfome Gothic quadrangle, one hundred 
 feet fquare ; on the fouth fide of the eaftern quadrangle are 
 the chapel, and hall j there is alfo a third court of three fides, 
 each of which are about eighty feet. — The Hall, at the entrance 
 of which is a ftatue of King Alfred, has been lately fitted up 
 in a very beautiful Gothic ftyle, and is a mod complete room 
 of the kind. 
 
 The colleges, or halls, which were erected by King Alfred 
 in the year 872, were fituated near, or on the fpot where 
 this college now Itands ; and that excellent Prince gave the 
 
 I i 2 ftudents 
 
45^ A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 ftudents in his fetninaries certain penfions ifluing from the 
 Exchequer. But thefe halls were loon alienated to the citi- 
 zens of Oxford, and their penfions were fuppreffed about the 
 reign of William the Norman. But in 1219, William arch- 
 deacon of Durham purchafed of the citizens, one of the halls 
 which had been originally erected by Alfred, and endowed it 
 with lands. A fociety being thus eftablifhed, many other be- 
 nefactors improved the revenues and buildings. This coU 
 lege now has a matter, twelve fellows, feventeen fcholars, 
 and many other fludents, amounting in the whole to above 
 feventy. 
 
 All Souls College was founded in 1437, by Henry 
 Chicheley, archbifhop of Canterbury ; and contorts chiefly of 
 two courts. The fir ft court is a Gothic edifice, 124 feet in 
 length, and 72 in breadth ; the chapel on the north fide is a 
 ftately pile ; and the hall, which forms one fide of an area to 
 theeaft, is an elegant modern room, adorned with many por- 
 traits and bufts. Adjoining to the hall is the buttery, which is 
 a well proportioned room, of an oval figure, and an arched 
 ftone roof, ornamented with curious workmanftiip. The fe- 
 cond court is a magnificent Gothic quadrangle, 172 feet in 
 length, and 155 in breadth ; on the fouth are the chapel and 
 hall, on the weft a cloifter, with a grand portico ; on the eaft 
 two Gothic towers, in the center of a range of fine apartments, 
 and on the north a library of unccmmon magnificence. It is 
 200 feet in length, 30 in breadth, and 40 in height, and finifh- 
 ed in the moft fplendid and elegant manner. It was built at the 
 expenceof Colonel Codrington, who laid out in it fix thoufand 
 pounds, and aifo gave his own library to be depofited in it, 
 and four thoufand pounds to purchafe new books. This col- 
 lege maintains a warden, forty fellows, two chaplains, and nine 
 fcholarftiips. 
 
 Brazen-nose College was founded in the year 1507, 
 by the joint benefaction of William Smith, Bifhop of Lin- 
 coln, and Sir Richard Sutton. There is a brazen-nofe on 
 the top of the College g;te, which gives denomination to 
 the college. The refectory is neat and convenient, adorned 
 with pictures of the principal benefactors, and good paintings 
 in glafs of the two founders. It ftandson the fouth fide of the 
 firft quadrangle, in the center t>f which is a fta'ueof Cain 
 and Aotl ; the figures of which are very ftriking. Through 
 a pafl'age on the left hand of the gate of the firft quadrangle 
 
 we 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 253 
 
 we enter the fecond. This is a more modern ftru&ure than 
 the other, and fuppofed to have been ere&ed by Sir Chriftopher 
 Wren. This college maintains a principal, twenty fellows, 
 thirty-two fcholars, and four exhibitioners j and there are about 
 forty ftudents befides. 
 
 Hertford College ftands oppofite to the grand gate of 
 the public fchools, and confifts of one irregular court, which 
 has been lately beautified, from a fund raifed for that purpofe. 
 Part of this court confifts of a few modern buildings, in the 
 ftile of which the whole college is to be rebuilt, according to 
 a plan conhfting of one quadrangle, projected in the year 
 1747. This college confifts of a principal, two fenior fellows 
 or tutors, junior fellows or affiftants, thirty under-graduate- 
 ftudents, and four fcholars. 
 
 New College was founded by the famous William of 
 Wykebam, Bifhopof Winchefter, in the year 1375. It has 
 been called New College from its firft foundation, being at that 
 time highly regarded for its extent and grandeur. The firft 
 court is 168 feet in length, and 129 in breadth ; in the center 
 of which is a ftatue of Minerva. The north fide, which con- 
 fifts of the chapel and hall, is a venerable fpecimen of Gothic 
 magnificence ; the two upper ftories of the eaft fide form the 
 library, and on the weft are the lodgings of the warden. 
 The chapel, for beauty and grandeur, exceeds all in the 
 univerfity ; and near it is a cloifter, 146 feet in length on two 
 fides, and 105 the other two. Contiguous to it on the north, 
 is a large and lofty tower, with ten bells. From the firft 
 quadrangle there is a pafTage into another, called Garden- 
 court, the beautiful area of which, by means of a fucceflion of 
 retiring wings, difplays itfelf gradually in approaching the gar- 
 den, from which it is feparated by an iron palifade, 136 feet in 
 length. 
 
 On the north fide of the chapel is preferved the crofier of 
 the founder, which is ufually fhewn to ftrangers ; a well pre- 
 ferved piece of antiquity, and almoft the only one in the king- 
 dom. It is of filver gilt, and near feven feet bight, finely work- 
 ed and embellifhed in the Gothic tafte ; and though it is near 
 four hundred years old, it has loft little of its original beauty.— 
 In the garden of the college, there is a lofty artificial mount, 
 encompaffed with feveral hedges of juniper, adorned with trees 
 cut into feveral fliapes, with ftone fteps and winding walks 
 tip to the top, and the top encompaffed with rails and feats, 
 
 and 
 
A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 and a tree growing in the middle. Here are alfo fhady walks, 
 arbours, and a bowling green, — The members of this college 
 arc one warden, feventy fellows, ten chaplains, three clerks, 
 fixteen chorifters, and one fexton, together with many gentle- 
 men commoners. 
 
 Wadham College, was founded by Nicholas Wad- 
 ham, Efq; and built, in purfuance of his will, by Dorothy his 
 widow, in 1613. It is one of the moft regular, uniform, and 
 beautiful colleges belonging to this univerfity ; and confifts of 
 one noble quadrangle, which is near one hundred and thirty 
 feet fquare. The windows of the chapel, which ftand on the 
 eaftfideof the court, are beautifully painted ; the eaft window 
 i& admirably drawn by one Van Ling, a Dutchman ; it repre- 
 fents the paflion of our Saviour, and is faid to have coft one 
 thoufand five hundred pounds. The prefent members of this 
 college are the warden, fifteen fellows, two chaplains, fifteen 
 fcholars, and fixteen exhibitioners ; the whole number of ftu - 
 dents being ufually about eighty. The fcholars, out of whom 
 the fellows are to be chofen, to be taken three out of Somerfet- 
 fhire, and three out of Eftex ; the reft out of any county in 
 Great Britain. 
 
 Trinity College was founded by Sir Thomas Pope, 
 who was privy counfellor to Queen Mary, and an intimate 
 friend to Sir Thomas More. It confifts of two courts; in 
 the firft court are the chapel, hall, library, and lodgings of 
 the prefident. The chapel, which was built in 1695, is a 
 fine ftru&ure, richly and beautifully finifhed. The fecond 
 court is an elegant pile, erected by Sir Chriftopher Wren. 
 The gardens of this college are extenfive, well laid out, and 
 kept in good order. This college confifts of a prefident, 
 twelve fellows, and twelve fcholars. Thefe, with the other 
 members, gentlemen commoners, commoners, &c. amount to 
 near feventy. 
 
 Baliol College was founded in 1262, by Sir John Ba- 
 liol of Brenard Caftle in Yorkfhire, father of John Baliol, 
 .;Xing of Scotland, and Devorguilla his confort, daughter of 
 Alexander III. King of Scotland. The college confifts chiefly 
 of one court, which we enter by an handtbme gate with a 
 tower over it. The buildings about this court are antient, 
 except the eaft end. The members of this college are a 
 
 maftcr, 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 255 
 
 matter, twelve fellows, fourteen fcholars, and eighteen exhi- 
 bitioners ; the whole number of ftudents amounting to about 
 fifty. 
 
 St. John's College is fituated north cf Baliol and Trinity 
 colleges, having a terrace, with a row of lofty elms before 
 it. The buildings of this college chiefly confift of two 
 large quadrangles, uniformly and elegantly built. In the firfi 
 court are the chapel and hall on the north fide, and the prefi- 
 dent's lodgings on the eaft. The eaft and weft fides of the fe- 
 cond court are fupported by {lately and beautiful piazzas. In 
 the hall, which is very handfome, is a picture of St. John the 
 Baptift, by Titian. The gardens belonging to this college arc 
 extremely agreeable, very extenuve, and well laid out. The 
 college was founded by Sir Thomas White, Alderman of Lon- 
 don j and the members of it are a prefident, fifty fellows, two 
 chaplains, an organift, five finging-men, fix cborifters, and 
 twofextons; the number of ftudents of all forts being ufuaily 
 about fixty. 
 
 Worcester College is fituated on an eminence on the 
 banks of the Thames. At entering into the college, we have 
 the chapel and hall on each fide, both of which are twenty-nine 
 feet in breadth, and fifty- five in length ; thefe are juft built. 
 The library, which is furnifhed with a fine collection of books, 
 is a magnificent Ionic edifice, on the weft of the chapel and 
 hall, and is one hundred feet in length, fupported by a fpacious 
 cloifter. According to a plan prcpofed, this college is to confift 
 of a very fpacious and elegant building ; but it is not yet com- 
 pleted. — This was formerly called Glouceftcr college, being a 
 ferninary for educating the novices of Gi >uceiter monaftery. 
 But being fuppreffed at the Reformation, it was converted into 
 a pilace for trie Biftiop of Oxford; but was foon after turned 
 into an academical hall by Sir Thomas White, the founder of 
 St. John's college ; in which ftate it continued, till Sir Thomas 
 Cookes, a Worcefterfhire gentleman, procured for it a charter 
 of incorporation, bv the name of Worcefter college, and en- 
 dowed it with fifteen thoufand pounds, for the maintenance of 
 a provoft and fix fellows. — There are now a provoft, twenty 
 fellows, and eleven fcholars ; and the whole number of ftudents 
 is about forty. 
 
 Exeter. College was founded by Walter Stapled n, 
 Bunop of Exeter, in the reign of King Edward the Second. 
 
 The 
 
A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 The building confifts chiefly of a handfome quadrangle ; in the 
 center of the front, which is 220 feet in length, there is a 
 beautiful gate of ruftic work, with a handfome tower. This 
 college has a rector, twenty-five fellows, one fcholar who is 
 bible'clerk, and two exhibitioners ; the whole number of mem- 
 bers about eighty. 
 
 Jesus College was founded by Hugh Price, L. L. D. 
 who began to build, and competently endowed it in 1 571. 
 But Queen Elizabeth is alfo fometimes termed the founder of 
 this college, becaufe fhe granted the charter for it, and alfo 
 timber for erecting it out of two adjoining forefts. The build- 
 ings confift of two courts, in the firft of which is the hall, the 
 chapel, and the principal's lodgings. The library is on the 
 weft fide of the inner court, and the other three fides are 
 finifhed in a decent and uniform manner. This college is 
 chiefly for Welchmen, and confifts of a principal, nineteen fel- 
 lows, and eighteen fcholars, befides a confiderable number of ex- 
 hibitioners. 
 
 Lincoln College was founded by two of the Bifhopsof 
 Lincoln; one completing what the other left imperfect. It con- 
 fifts of two quadrangular courts, and maintains a rector, fifteen 
 fellows, twelve exhibitioners, and eight fcholars, with a bible- 
 clerk, befides the independent members. 
 
 Oriel College chiefly confifts of one regular, uniform, 
 well-built quadrangle. On the north fide are the library and the 
 provoft's lodgings ; on the eaft the hall, and the entrance into 
 the chapel, which runs eaftward from thence and on the fouth 
 and weft fides are the chambers of the fellows and other ftu- 
 dents. King Edward II. was the titular founder of this college, 
 but Adam de Brome, his almoner, was the real founder of it : 
 for that prince did little more than grant licence to his almo- 
 ner to build it. King Edward III. gave this fociety a tene- 
 ment called Le Oriel, on which ground the college now ftands, 
 and from whence it derives its name. The prefent members 
 of this college are a provoft, eighteen fellows and fourteen 
 exhibitioners ; the whole number of ftudents of all forts being 
 about eighty. 
 
 Corpus Christi College was founded by Richard 
 Fox, Bifhopof Winchefter, in 1516 ; and confifts of one qua- 
 drangle, an elegant pile of modern building, in which are 
 
 pleafant 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 257 
 
 pleafant and commodious rooms, and a cloifter adjoining ; and 
 alfo a neat ftructure, which looks eaftward towards Merton 
 college grove, in which are apartments appropriated to gentle- 
 men commoners. 
 
 Merton College was founded by Walter de Merton, 
 Lord High Chancellor of England in the reign of Henry the 
 Third, and afterwards Bifhop of Rochefter. This college is 
 fituated eaft of Corpus Chrifti, and confifts of three courts* 
 The largeft, or inner court, is about 100 feet long, and 100 
 broad. The chapel is at the weft end of the firft court, and is 
 likewife the parifh church of St. John Baptift de Merton. It 
 is one of the largeft, and beft proportioned Gothic ftructures in 
 the univerfity. The gardens are very pleafant, having the ad- 
 vantage of a profpe6t of the adjacent walks and country from the 
 fouth terrace. This college maintains a warden, twenty-eight 
 fcholars, fourteen other lcholars upon a different foundation, 
 temied poft- matters, two chaplains, and two clerks ; the whole 
 number of ftudents of all forts being about eighty. 
 
 Christ-church College is the largeft and moft auguft 
 of all the collges in Oxford. It was firft began to be founded 
 by Cardinal Wolfey, on the fcite of the priory of St. Fridefwide, 
 but his difgrace and death hindered him from compleating it. 
 It was afterwards fettled and endowed by King Henry VII. 
 The front is very ftately, extending to the length of 382 feet, 
 and terminating at each end by two correfponding turiets. In 
 the center is a grand Gothic entrance, the proportions and or- 
 naments of which are remarkably magnificent; over it is a 
 mufical tower, in which are ten mufical bells, and a great bell, 
 and a great bell called Tom, that weighs near 17,000 pounds, 
 and on the found of which, every night at nine o'clock, tha 
 ftudents of the whole univerfity are enjoined by ftatute to repair 
 to their refpeclive focieties. This college confifts of four qua- 
 drangles, one of which, diflinguifhed by the name of the Grand 
 Quadrangle, is 264 by 261 feet in the clear. The greateft 
 part of the fouth fide is formed by the hall, which is confidera- 
 bly elevated above the reft of the building ; and, taken as a de- 
 tached ftrudlure, is a noble fpecimen of antient magnificence.. 
 This room is one of the largeft and moft fuperb of any in the 
 kingdom j it contains eight windows on each fide, is 123 feet in 
 length, 40 feet in breadth, and its cieling is 30 feet high* 
 The church of this college is fituated at the e?.ft end of the 
 Grand Quadrangle, and is the cathedral of the diocefe; it is an 
 antient venerable ftru<£lure ; the roof of the choir is a'beautiful 
 piece of (tone work, and fome of the windows are finely painted. 
 
 K k Peck- 
 
28 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 Peck water-court, to the north -eaft of the Grand Quadrangle, 
 is perhaps the moft elegant edifice in the univerfity ; it has three 
 uniform fides, each of which has fifteen windows in front ; 
 and on the fourth fide of this court is a magnificent library. 
 Eaft of Pcckwater court is Canterbury-court, originally Can- 
 terbury col'ege. Jt ;s a fmall court, and chiefly remarkable for 
 its antiquity. The fourth quadrangle is Chaplain's-court, 
 which ftands north-eaft of Canterbury-court. This college 
 maintains a dean, eight canons, one hundred and one ftudents, 
 eight chaplains, eight finging men, and as many chorifters, a 
 Ichool-mafter, an ufher, an organift, and a teacher of mufic. 
 There is a gravel- walk belonging to this college, planted on each 
 fide with elms, which is a quarter of a mile in length, and of a 
 proportu nab'e breadth. In the lower departments of the libra- 
 ry of this college is dep >fued a fine collection of paintings, the 
 donation of General Guife. There is glfo a fine ftatue of Mr. 
 Locke, by Roubilluc. 
 
 Pembroke College derives its name from the Earl of 
 Pembroke, who was chancellor of the univerfity at the time it 
 was erected. It was founded by Thomas Tifdale, Efq; and 
 Richard Whitwicke, B. D. The building confifts of two 
 courts ; the firft is a fmall quadrangle, but neat and uniform ; 
 the fecond court is an irregular area, and on one fide of it ftands 
 the chapel ; which is an elegant modern edifice of the Ionic 
 order. In the garden, which is weft of the chapel, is a pleafant 
 common room, and a terracs-walk. The prefent members of 
 this college are a matter, fourteen fellows, and thirty fcholars 
 and exhibitioners j the whole number of ftudents being ufually 
 about iixty. 
 
 Having thus diftinftly defcribed the feveral Colleges of this 
 celebrated univerfity, we now pioceed to the Halls, which are 
 five in number. 1 here were formerly a great number of thefe 
 academical Halls, ox Hotels, where profeliors or tutors refided ; 
 but lince the colleges were founded, they hav.L been reduced to 
 the prefent number. Thefe Halls are now endowed with eftates 
 and revenues as colleges are; yet lome of them have exhibitions, 
 or yearly ftipends given towards the maintenance of certain 
 fjudents therein. 1 he ftudents pay an annual rent ro the prin- 
 cipals, and live at their own charge, as at the inns of court at 
 London. 
 
 St. Alban Hall adjoins to Merton College on the eaft. 
 It derives its name from Robert Abbot de St. Albans, a citizen 
 
 of 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 259 
 
 of Oxford, who conveyed this tenement to the nuns of Little- 
 more in Oxfordshire, in the reign of King Henry the Third. 
 
 St. Edmund Hall is oppoiite to theeaft fide of Queen's 
 college, to which it is dependant, and has^about twenty-five ftu- 
 cients. The buildings were completed, and other confiderable 
 improvements made by Dr. Shaw, the late principal. 
 
 New-Inn Hall ftands at the weft fide of Oxford. Oppo- 
 fite to this Hall is the gateway of a college of monks of the Au- 
 guftine order, in which Erafmus refided two years. He left an 
 elegant Latin poem on his manner of living there. 
 
 St. Mary Hall isfituated north of Oriel college, near the 
 Hiiih-ftreet of Oxford. It confifrs of one quadrangle, with a 
 garden inclofed in the middle of it. It is formed by the prin- 
 cipal's lodgings on the north, the hall and chapel on the fouth, 
 and on the eaft and weft by the chambers of the ftudents. 
 
 Magda.len Hall is adjoining to Magdalen college, to 
 which it is an appendaee. 1 he number of exhibitions given to 
 this Hall, fupplies it with many members ; and it has in it a large 
 grammar-fchool as a nurfery to Magdalen college. The fa- 
 mous Lord Clarendon was educated at this Hall. 
 
 Before we quit Oxford, we fh3ll obferve, that at the north 
 fide of the city is the Radcliffe Infirmary, which was 
 erected by Dr. Radcliffe's truftees, and is fupported by volun- 
 tary contribution. Such an inftitution here has a natural tendency 
 to be productive of very extenfive advantages ; as, while it re- 
 lieves the poor, it fetves as a fchool to ihofe who ftudy the me- 
 dial art. 
 
 G O D S T O W. 
 
 This village is about two miles north from Oxford, and here 
 are the ruins of a famous nunnery, which was founded in the 
 reign of King Stephen for Benedi£tine nuns. Fair Rofamond, 
 who was feduced by King Henry II. fpent much of her time 
 with thefe nuns, before her amour with th t Prince, and after- 
 wards ended her days with them. She isfaid to have been the 
 mod beautiful woman of that age, and was the daughter of Lord 
 Clifford, who was a great benefa&or to this nunnery. There 
 is great reafon to believe that King Henry promifed her marriage 
 before he feduced her, though for political reafons he afterwards 
 efpoufed Eleanor of Guinne. He had two fons by Rofamond, 
 but that lady {hook off all connexions with the King, after he 
 brought his Queen to England, and retired toGodltpw nunnery t 
 
 K k 2 wheie 
 
A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 where (he (pent the remainder of her days in penitence. Part 
 of her monument in the church is ftill (landing ; and from the 
 remains of the infcription, it appears that fhe lived to a confi- 
 derable age ; fo that the ftory of her being fecreted in a bower 
 rear Woodftock, and poifoned by Queen Eleanor, feems to 
 have been a mere fable. 
 
 WOODSTOCK. 
 
 This is a town of great antiquity in Oxfordfliire, fixty three 
 miles from London. It is pleafantly fituated,and a town-houfe 
 has been lately built here j and the place is noted for its manu- 
 factory of fine wafh leather gloves, and polifhed fteel watch 
 chains, which are efteemed all over Europe for the goodnefs of 
 the workmanfhip. This is a corporation governed by the may- 
 or, a recorder, four aldermen, and fixteen common council- 
 men. It being on a great road, contains fome very good inns ; 
 and there are here three alms-houfes, and a fchool, which was 
 founded in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, by Richard Cromwell, 
 citizen and fkinner of London. This town fends two members 
 to parliament, who are elected by the burgefles and freemen. 
 There is a houfe in this town which is faid to have been the 
 birth-place of our celebrated Poet Chaucer ; but this feems to 
 be an erroneous tradition, as there is the greateft reafon to be-» 
 lieve that he was born in London. 
 
 BLENHEIM HO USE 
 
 Is the magnificent feat of the Duke of Marlborough, and is 
 one of the moft ftately edifices in the kingdom. It is fituated a 
 little to the weft of Woodftock, about four miles and a half 
 from Oxford. In the reign of Queen Anne, the honour and 
 manor of the town and hundred of Woodftock, were fettled by 
 parliament upon that illuftrious General, John Duke of Marl- 
 borough, as a reward for his fignal military Cervices. A palace 
 was alfo built for him at the public, expence, and which, to 
 commemorate the important victory he had obtained at Blen- 
 heim over the French and Bavarian forces, was called Blen- 
 heim House. It was built by Sir John Vanburgh, and is ex- 
 tremely magnificent, though many objections have been made 
 to it by the connoifleurs in architecture. 
 
 From the town of Woodftock we enter the park, through 
 a fpacious portal of the Corinthian order ; from whence a noble 
 profpect is opened to the palace, the bridge, the lake with its 
 
 valley, 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 261 
 
 valley, and other beautiful fcenes of the park. The houfe in 
 particular, which we furvey from this point obliquely, is no 
 where viewed to greater advantage. The front is 1 38 feet from 
 wing to wing : the roof is adorned with a ftone baluftrade, and 
 ftatues. The fouth front is not fo highly ornamented; but on 
 the pediment of it is a noble bufto, larger than life, of Lewis 
 XIV". taken from the citadel of Tournay. The common en- 
 trance is at the eaft gate, which leads us into a-quadrangle, con- 
 firming of offices. From thence, oppolite the entrance, we pro- 
 ceed into the grand area. 
 
 In the centre of the front, a fuperb portico, elevated on mafly 
 columns, admits us to the Hall; which is the height of the 
 houfe, fupported by Corinthian pillars. It is one of the largeft 
 and fineft rooms in England. The cieling is adorned with an 
 allegorical piece, painted by Sir James Thornhill, reprefenting 
 the Duke of Marlborough crowned with Viclory, who points 
 to the plan of the battle of Blenheim. In the recelTes, are well- 
 fini/hed caftsfrom the antique ftatues of the Venus of Medicis, 
 the Roman Slave, the Atautce^ and Saltator. Over thefe is a 
 feries of paintings, called the Loves of God, which are afcri- 
 bed to Titian, and which were a prefent to the Duke from the 
 King of Sardinia, in the arcades on the right and left, is a fine 
 arrangement of marble termini. And over the [door that leads 
 into the faloon, is a buft of the great Duke of Marlborough, 
 with a Latin infcription. 
 
 Strangers are ufually conducted from the Hall into the apart- 
 ments on the left ; and in the firji apartment, the hangings begin 
 a fuit of tapeftry, reprefenting the victories and atchievements of 
 Alexander the Great, which are continued in fome fucceeding 
 rooms. There ate alfo in this room paintings of St. Auftin 
 when young, and of Pope Gregory, both by Titian, of the 
 woman taken in adultery by Rembrandt, and of Mary of Medi- 
 cis by Rubens. 
 
 In ihefecond apartment are fome pieces of beautiful tapeftry, 
 the fubje&s taken from claffical allegory : there are alfo fome 
 fine paintings ,in this room, one of which is a Holy Family by 
 Rubens. In the third apartment is a picture of Rubens's family, 
 painted by himfelf; portraits of the Duchefs of Portfmouth, and 
 Eleanor Gwyn, miftrefles to Charles II. by Vandyke j and alfo 
 Lord Stafford dictating to his Secretary, by the fame. This raft 
 is perhaps one of Vandyke's principal portrait pieces. The ear- 
 neftnefs of the fpeaker, and the atteation of his amanuenfis, 
 heighten each .other in the moft expreflive manner. 
 
 In 
 
262 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 In the fourth apartment, is a portrait of Rubens's wife, by 
 Rubens ; of Catharine of Medicis, by the fame ; and of Mary 
 Queen of Scots, by Vandyke. In the fifth apartment, are 
 four fculpture pieces, a head, and an unfinimed piece, all by 
 Rubens; two Madonnas, in different attitudes, by Titian; 
 Herod's cruelty, and Queen Efther, by Paul Veronefe ; and 
 fome other pieces by capital mafters. 
 
 In the ftxth apartment begins the tapeftry of the Duke of 
 Marlborough's battles, which are introduced by a mod lively 
 rep^efen ration of a futtling booth, foragers, a battle, and a 
 iiege. Here are alfo three good paintings, one of which is a 
 picture of Dobfon, an Englifh Painter, in the reign of King 
 James I. witn his family, by himfelf. This la ft is an admirable 
 piece, in the old correct manner. In the feventh apartment, 
 the tapeftry reprefents the battles of Wynendale, Bouchain, 
 and Oudenard, with the fiege of Donawert. Here are alfo 
 three fine pictures, one of which is Jupiter and Europa. by Paul ' 
 Veronefe. The eighth apartment contains the three Graces 
 cloathed ; Venus and Adonis, and two other pieces by Rubens; 
 the Egyptian fortune-teller, by Angelo Carravaggio, and fome 
 other pictures of great merit. 
 
 The Saloon is nobly decorated, and is proportioned to the 
 grandeur of the other rooms. The door-cafes are of marble, 
 and exceedingly magnificent ; the floor is alfo of marble. The 
 walls are adorned with paintings of the different habits, and 
 modes of drefs of all nations, by La Guerre. The cieling, 
 which is executed by the fame hand, is an allegorical piece, re- 
 prefenting John Duke of Marlborough in the midftof his vic- 
 tories ftopt by Peace, and Time reminding him of the rapidity 
 of his own flight. 
 
 In the ninth apartment, the tapeftry of the Duke's battles is 
 continued, with the battles of Blenheim, Malplaquet, and the 
 liege of Lifle. In the tenth apartment, the tapeftry contains the 
 conclufion of the Duke's battles ; with a pidture of Jfaac blef- 
 fing Jacob, by Rembrandt ; a portrait of John Duke of Marl- 
 borough, by Sir Godfrey Kneller ; and a fruit-piece, by M ichael 
 Angelo. The eleventh apartment contains two pieces of ftill- 
 life^y Maltcfe; and a portrait of the Duchefs of Marlborough, 
 by Sir Godfrey Kneller. 
 
 The Library is a moft noble room, upwards of 183 feet 
 in length, and proportionably broad and lofty. The Doric 
 pilafters of marble, with the complete columns of the fame, 
 which fupport a rich entablature, the window-frames, the fur- 
 rounding bafement of black marble, and the ftuccoed compart- 
 ments 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 263 
 
 ments of the vaulted deling, are in very high tafte both with 
 refpetl: to defign and finifhing. It was originally intended as a 
 gallery for paintings ; but the late Duke of Marlborough has 
 added utility to elegance, having furnifhed it with a noble col- 
 lection of books, made by Lord Sunderland, his grace's father. 
 Their number is faid to amount to 24,000 volumes, which 
 have been allowed to be worth 30,0001 and are faid to be the 
 beft private colie&ion in England. They are kept under gilt- 
 wire lattices. On the top of the cafes is a feries of bronzes; 
 and that no afiiftance to learning might be wanting, the late 
 Duke placed here a fine Orrery and Planetarium. 
 
 At the upper end of the room is a highly finifhed ftatue of 
 Queen Anne, by Ryfbrack ; and over the bo>k-cafes are copies 
 of the Cartoons, by Le Blond ; Lot and his daughters, by 
 Rubens ; and a Crucifixion by Vandyke, with other paintings. 
 From the bow-windows of the library we have a delightful pro- 
 fpect of the declivity defcending to the river, and of the gradual 
 afcent of the venerable groves which cover the correfponding 
 hills. 
 
 The Chapel is one of the wings of this (lately building, in 
 which is a fuperb monument to the memory of the old Duke 
 and Dutchefs of Marlborough, by Ryfbrack. They are re- 
 prefented with their two fons, who died young, as fupported by 
 Fame and Hiftory. Beneath in a baffo relievo, is the taking of 
 Marfhal Tallard. 
 
 Tiie Gardens are fpacious and agreeable ; they originally con- 
 fifted of about 100 acres, but the prefent Duke has made very 
 large additions, and many elegant improvements. The noble 
 defcent to the water on the fouth and weft, covered with flow- 
 ering fhrubs, and embellifhed with other natural beauties, are 
 not eafy to be paralleled. About the middle of the grand ap- 
 proach, is a magnificent Bridge, coniifting chiefly of one arch, 
 in the ftyle of theRialto at Venice. The water is formed into 
 a fpacious Lake, which covers the whole extent of a capacious 
 valley, furrounded by an artificial declivity of a prodigious depth, 
 and has been confidered, both with regard to its accompani- 
 ments and extent, as the moil capital piece of water in the 
 kingdom. 
 
 The Park is between ten and eleven miles in circumference, 
 and contains many beautiful fecnes. The lover of rural variety 
 will be entertained here with every circurnftance of beauty, 
 which he can expedt from divernfitd nature; from hiils anu 1 
 valiies, wood, and water. In this park originally flood a 
 royal palace, and here Ethelred called a parliament. King 
 
 Al fie J, 
 
264 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 Alfred, while he was refident here, tranflated Boetlm de Confix 
 latione Philofophia. Henry I. enclofed the park with a wall, 
 the greateft part of which is now remaining. His fucceflbr y 
 Henry II. principally refided at this feat, and is faid to have erec- 
 ted in the park a houfe, encompaffed with a Labyrinth of ex- 
 traordinary contrivance. We have before obferved, that the 
 ftory of Pair Rofamond's being fecreted here, with a view of 
 fecuring her from the rage and jealoufy of Queen Eleanor, is a 
 tradition not well founded ; but it is not improbable, that while 
 the amour between this Ladyand that Prince fubfifted, {he might 
 refide here. For it is faid that the romantic retreat, which was 
 called Fair Rofamond's Bower, was fituated here in the valley, 
 to the north-weft of the Bridge, near a remarkable bath, or 
 fpring, called at prefent Rofamond's Well. 
 
 The grant of the park and manor of Woodftock, and of this 
 palace, to the Duke of Marlborough, and his important fervices 
 to the nation, are enumerated on the pedeltal of a irately column, 
 1 30 feet in height, on the top of which is a ftatue of the Duke. 
 This column is fituated in the grand avenue to Blenheim-Houfe, 
 and part of the infeription, which is admirably well written, is 
 as follows: 
 
 The Caftle of BLENHEIM was founded by Q. Anne, 
 In the fourth Year of her Reign, 
 In the Year of the Chriftian /Era 1705. 
 A Monument defigned to perpetuate the Memory of the 
 Signal Victory 
 Obtained over the French and Bavarians, 
 Near the Village of BLENHEIM, 
 On the Banks of the Danube, 
 By JOHN, Duke of MARLBOROUGH, 
 The Hero, not only of his Nation, but of his Age j 
 Whofe Glory was equal in the Council and in the Field; 
 Who by Wifdom, Juftice, Candour, and Addrefs, 
 Reconciled various, and even oppofite, Interefts j 
 Acquired an Influence 
 Which no Rank, no Authority can give, 
 Nor any Force, but that of fuperior Virtue : 
 Became the fixed important Centre, 
 Which united in one common caufe, 
 The principal States of Europe ; 
 Who by military Knowledge, and irrefillible Valour, 
 In a long Series of uninterrupted Triumphs, 
 Broks the Power of Fiance, 
 
 When 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 265 
 
 "VV hen raited tbe higheft, when exerted the moft ; 
 
 Refcued the Empire from Defolation ; 
 Afferted and confirmed the Liberties of EUROPE, 
 
 Blenheim Houfe itfelf was finifhed at the public expence, but 
 the Bridge, the Column juft mentioned, and the portal conti u- 
 bus to the town, were eredled at the expehee of Sarah* Dutchefs 
 Dowager of Marlborough. 
 
 D I T C H L E Y, 
 
 Is the noble feat of the Earl of Litchfield; fituated about four 
 miles from Blenheim, on the north-weft. It is a lofty edifice; 
 built of hewn ftone, fituated on a hill, which commands all the 
 Country, having Blenheim, Oxford, and the hills beyond it, in 
 full view. The fouthern front is very elegant; and the offices, 
 which form two beautiful wings, have a communication with the 
 principal building by circular colonnades. 
 
 The Hall is elegantly decorated, and finely proportidner'. 
 The cieling contains an alTembly of the Gods, painted by Ken . 
 Two of the Compartments are filled with hiftorical pieces from 
 the iEneid, by the fame hand j one of which reprefents iEneas 
 meeting Venus, his mother, in the wood, near Carthage; and 
 the other, Venus prefenting /Eneas with the new armour. The 
 fciences are introduced as ornaments, with bufts of the poets 
 properly difpofed ; and a ftatue of the Venus de Medicis. The 
 chimney-piece is fuperb and lofty, decorated with a portrait of 
 the late Earl of Litchfield, by Akerman. 
 
 The conftrucTtidn of the Mufick Room is well adapted to the 
 life for which it is intended ; and its elegance cannot fail to have 
 the moft pleafiug effect: on the fpedtator. There is a painting 
 in this room of Rubens and His family hunting wild beafts ; and 
 fome other good pictures. The Dining Room is executed with 
 much fimple elegance j and here are the capital portraits of 
 Henry VIII. and Prince Henry, by Hans Holbein, executed 
 with much ftrerigth and freedom. There are alfo fome other 
 good pictures here, particularly a family-piece of Charles I. 
 with Charles II. at his knee, by Vandyke j and two fine portraits 
 by Jonfon. 
 
 The Damajk Bed-Chamber is adorned with tapeftry, repre* 
 fenting boys fqueezing grapes, and engaged in other fpoi ts j and 
 contains fome fine portraits. The Tapejlry Drawing- Room is 
 alfo adorned with tapeftry, reprefenting the Mufes and Apollo, 
 a vintage, and Bacchanalian fcenesj and there are alfo fome 
 good portraits here. From this apartment we have an enter- 
 taining view of a winding valley, with a ferpentine canal, over 
 
 Vol, h L 1 wluc.i 
 
aC6 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 which is thrown an elegant Bridge from a defign of 
 PJIadio's. 
 
 The cieling and walls of the Saloon are richly ftuccoed ; and 
 in the middle compartment of the roof is a reprefentation of 
 Flora and the Zephyrs. Here is alfo an excellent antique of 
 the Goddefs Health, about thirty inches in height, purchafed 
 from Dr. Mead's collection. On its pedeftal is a bafs-relief of 
 the head of iEfculapius, cut with remarkable boldnefs. 
 
 In the Green Darnafk Drawing Room, the chimney-piece is 
 finely executed by Scbeemaker, and finifbed with two fmall Co- 
 rimhian columns. In the middle, is a landfcape, by Wootton. 
 Over the doors, are two {hiking pictures brought from Italy, of 
 ruins, rock?, and cafcades. Here is alfo a table of Italian mar- 
 ble, having a greenifh ground interfperfed with white veins. 
 
 In the Gilt Drawing- Room is a full-length portrait of 
 Charles II. and the Dutchefs of Cleveland, by Lely ; with two 
 other portraits by Kneller, and two curious tables of Egyptian 
 marble. In the Velvet Bed chamber both the bed and hangings 
 are of rich figured Genoa velvet. The chimney-piece is ele- 
 gantly finiihed by Scheemaker, and adorned with a profpedi of 
 a ruin by Paul Panini. 
 
 The Tapcjlry-Room is curioufly ornamented in the Chinefe 
 taffe. Here are two pieces of tapefhy, one of which reprefents 
 the Cyclops forging the armour of /Eneas; the other, Neptune, 
 with his proper attendants, giving directions about re-fitting a 
 vefTel, which has juft been (hip-wrecked. Over the chimney- 
 piece, which is finely finifhed in white marble, is a capital pic- 
 ture of the Duke and Dutchefs of York, and the Princefies 
 Mary and Anne, by Sir Peter Lely ; and over the doors are two 
 mafterly landscapes, by an Italian hand. 
 
 On the whole, this feat is a repofitory of valuable portraits, 
 executed by the moft eminent artiits in that fpecies of painting; 
 Rubens, Vandyke, Sir Peter Lely, and our ingenious country- 
 man and rival of Vandyke, Jonfon. As a piece of architecture, 
 this feat is inferior to none for thejuftnefs of its proportions, and 
 the convenient difpohtion of its apartments. With regard to its 
 furniture and decorations, it is finifhed with talte rather than 
 with fplendour ; and adorned with that elegance which refults 
 from fimplicity, 
 
 WHITNEY 
 
 Is a town in Cxforcfhire of great antiquity, fixty-nine miles 
 from London. It appears to have been a p ice of confideiable 
 repute befoie the time of William I. and ii creafed in the num- 
 ber of inhabitants fo much afterwards, that it received f'unnnon- 
 
 ies 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLANJX 267 
 
 fes to fend members to parliament in the reign of Edward I. but 
 that privilege has been long fmce taken away. The town 
 chiefly confifts of one (heel, about a mile in length ; and has a 
 great manufacture of rugs and blankets, and the latter are for 
 their whitenefs preferred to thofe made at any other place. It 
 is computed, that feven thoufand packs of wool are wrought 
 into blankets here every year; and befides five hund red weavers, 
 there are feldom fewei than three thoufand perfons employed in 
 carding and fpinning, with many others who drefs the goods 
 afterwards. The town is populous Here is a free-fcbool, 
 which was founded and endowed by Mr. Henry Box, a drusqift 
 in London, with a good library adjoining : the grocers company 
 in London are governors of this fchool. There is a! r o a ch irii v- 
 fchool here for fifty children, and an hofpital For fix poor blanket - 
 rnakers widows. 
 
 Bur ford is an antient market-town, in the fame county, 
 and eighteen miles from Oxford. It has a great market' for faci- 
 ei les ; and on a heath near it, called the Seven Downs, there are 
 frequent horfe-races. 
 
 CHIPPING NORTON 
 
 Is a place of great antiquity, and appears to have been ^ 
 maiket-town in the time of the Saxons. Roman coins have 
 been frequently found here ; and the church is a building after a 
 curious model, in which there are monuments, with fo many 
 names of merchants on brafs plates, as fhew it to have been 
 once a place of great trade. This town is pleafantly fituatei), 
 and formerly fent members to parliament, but that privilege is 
 now taken away. 
 
 In the neighbourhood of this town are what are called Roll- 
 rick* s JloneS) or Roul-rich Jlones, which fome fuppofe to be the 
 remains of an old Britifh temple, whilft others imagine they 
 were fet up in memory of Rollo, the famous Danifh Commader. 
 They are very lofty, and placed in a circular direction, with one 
 taller than the other, which is vulgarly called the King. 
 
 At a little diftance from Chipping Norton is a village named 
 Hook-Norton, which is faid to have been an antient feat of the 
 Saxon kings. About the beginning of the tenth century there 
 was a great battle fought here between the Danes and the Eng- 
 Jifti, in which the latter were defeated ; and there are here fe- 
 veral barrows, or fepulchral monuments of the antient Britons. 
 Camden fays, this place was formerly inhabited by fuch clowns 
 
 L 1 2 and 
 
a68 ANEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 and churls, that it was from that circumftance called Hog's- 
 Norton, a name which is now frequently given to it. 
 
 BANBURY 
 
 It a town of great antiquity, and pleafantly fituated on ths 
 river Cherwell. It is feventy four-miles from London, and 
 twenty-three from Oxford. It is a pretty large town, with a 
 bandfome church, a meeting hoqfe, a free-fchool, and two, 
 charity- fchools. The trade of this town is* considerable ; and 
 great quantities of cheefe are made here, which is noted for its 
 goodnefs. This place has alfo been famous for a particular kind 
 of cakes, called Banbury cakes. The lands in the neighbour- 
 hood are remarkable for their fertility. Several remarkable bat r 
 ties have been fought near this place, and at a little diftance 
 from hence is an ancient caftle called Broughton- caftle, built 
 before the reign of King Henry the Sixth. 
 
 Hanwell-Park, near Banbury, is the feat of Sir Jona- 
 than Cope, Bart. There is here a clock which is efteemed a 
 great curiofity. It moves by water, and (hews the time by the 
 fifing of a new gilded fun for every hour, moving in a hemif- 
 phere of wood, each fun having in its center a figure for the 
 hour. For inftance, One, which, afcending half way to the 
 zenith of the arch, (hews it to be a quarter paft One, at the 
 zenith half an hour; whence defcending half way towards the 
 horizon, three quarters ; and at laft abfconding under it, there 
 fj-rifes another gilded fun above the horizon at the other fide of 
 the arch bearing the figure 2 j and fo of the reft. 
 
 Deddington is a place of great antiquity, and fent mem- 
 bers to parliament in the reigns of Edward I. and III. but never 
 fmce. The town is lmall, though it is pretty populous. 
 
 Bicester is thirteen miles from Oxford, and is a long {hag- 
 gling town, chiefly remarkable for excellent malt liquor. — Near 
 this town is an old caftle, called Alchefter, which is fituated on 
 the Roman highway, called Akernan-Jlreet. That this was a 
 place of great ftrength, and even a flouriftiing city, is fuppofed 
 to be evident from the vaft number of coins that have been dug 
 up, and becaufe it is no uncommon thing for the hufbandmen to 
 break their ploughs againft the ruins of the foundation. 
 
 Thame, or Tame, is fo called from the river of that name, 
 which runs by the town. It is forty-fix miles from London, 
 and th,g fituation is extremely pleafant ; and being on an emi- 
 nence, the profpe£t over the neighbouring country is delightful. 
 It is a large town, with a fine church, and one great ftreet, in 
 middle whereof is tfte market-place, which is well furnifhed. 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 269 
 
 with live cattle, and all kinds of provifions, and the river is na- 
 vigable to it by barges. It has an handfome free-fchool, and an 
 alms-houfe. 
 
 Dorchester, which is forty nine miles from London, was 
 a town of note among the Romans, and afterwards a bimop's 
 fee ; but it is now an inconfiderable place. It has, however, a 
 very large old church, and a good ftone bridge over the Thames. 
 
 HENLEY upon THAMES. 
 
 This is fuppofed to be the oldeft town in Oxfordfhire, and is 
 pleafantly fituated. on the fide of the Thames, which is naviga- 
 ble to it by barges. It is a corporation governed by a warden, 
 burgeiTes, and other officers. The buildings are generally good ; 
 and here are two free-fchools, one a grammar-fchool, founded 
 and endowed by King James the Firft, and the other called the 
 Blue-coat fchool, founded by the Lady Elizabeth Periam, for 
 teaching and cloathing poor children. Here is alfo an alms- 
 houfe, founded by Dr. Longland, Bifhop of Lincoln ; and a 
 wooden bridge over the Thames, where, it is laid, there was 
 ?intiently one of ftone. The greater part of the inhabitants of 
 this town are maltfters, mealmen, and bargemen, who enrich 
 themfeves and the neighbourhood, by fending corn, malt, and 
 wood to London ; and it is faid that 300 cart -loads of malt and 
 corn are often fold here on a market-day. 
 
 GREAT MAR LOW 
 
 Ts a borough-town in Buckinghamfhirej thirty-one miles from 
 London, which derives its name from the marly foil in which 
 it {lands. It is a confiderable town, with a bridge over the 
 Thames, not far from the place where it receives the Wycombe 
 river j and has an handfome church and town hall. The chief 
 manufacture of the town is bone-lace, but it is of more 
 account for the navigation carried on by the Thames for meal, 
 malt, and beech timber. There are feveral com and p^per-mill? 
 jn its neighbourhood, particularly on the little river Loddon ; 
 and alfo three remarkable mills called the Temple Mills, or the 
 brafs mills for making kettles, pans, &c. befides a mill for 
 making thimbles j and another for prelTmg oil from rape and flax 
 feed. 
 
 2 HIGH 
 
270 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 HIGH W I C C O M B. 
 
 This town is thirty-two miles from London, in the road to 
 Oxford. It is fuppofed to derive its name from a fmall ftream, 
 which glides through the low grounds near this place into the 
 Thames. The town has on each fide of it pleafant hills fhaded 
 with woods, and may for antiquity, extent, and beauty, com- 
 pare with the greateft and beft in the county. It is a corporation, 
 governed by a mayor, aldermen, common-council, recorder, 
 and other officers. It has two principal ftreets, one of which is 
 fpacious, and well-built with good brick houfes, and full of large 
 inns. Queen Elizabeth gave lands for the maintenance of a 
 free grarnmar-fchool in this town. The affixes are fometimes 
 held here, and this town fends two members to parliament. 
 
 This place is fuppofed to have been a Roman ftation ; for in 
 the year 1724, a Roman pavement was difcovered by fome 
 workmen, who were digging in a neighbouring meadow be- 
 longing to Lord Shelbume. It was about nine feet fquare, and 
 confifted of ftones of various colours, wrought with exquiftte 
 art ; but the largeft was not broader than the fquare of a die. 
 
 Beaconsfield is another market-town in the road to Ox- 
 ford, and contains fome good inns, but has nothing in it that 
 is very remarkable. 
 
 Amersham is an antient borough town, fituated in a val- 
 ley between two woody hills, near the river Coin. It confifts 
 of two ftreets, a long one and a (hort one, which crofs each 
 other at right angles in the middle. In the area where thefe 
 ftreets interfedt each other, ftands the church, which is the beft 
 re&ory in the county. Here is a handfome town- hall and a free- 
 fchool. 
 
 Monk's Risborough is only remarkable for the antiquities 
 in its neighbourhood ; particularly an old fortification, called 
 Bellinus's caftle ; and fome trenches and fortifications fuppofed 
 to have been made when the Romans were in Britain. And not 
 far from Monk's Rifborough, there is a high iteep chalky hill, 
 on the fouth-weft fide of which there is the figure of a crofs, an 
 hundred feet long, formed by trenches cut into the chalk about 
 two feet deep, which is fuppofed to be the work of the Saxons. 
 — Near Monk's Rifborough is Prince's Ri/borougb, where on 
 the top of a hill are the traces of a camp ; and it is faid that 
 thirteen counties may be feen from hence. 
 
 AYLES- 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 271 
 
 AYLESBURY. 
 
 This is a very ancient town, forty-four miles from London, 
 and ftands on a rifing ground, at the eaft end of a rich valley, 
 called AylejburyVale^ which feeds incredible numbers of cattle 
 and fheep, remarkable for their fize and fine Pieces ; and ex- 
 tends almoft from Thame on the edge of Oxfordshire, to Leigh- 
 ton in Bedfordftiire. The town-hall of Aylefbury is an hand*- 
 fome fabric, in which the county affizes and feilions are often 
 held, and ftands in the middle of the market-place, which is a 
 large handfome fquare. This is a neat, compact, and populous 
 town, the beft and largeft in Buckinghamfhire, and conlifts of 
 feveral fine ftreets. It fends two members to parliament. 
 
 In the reign of William the Norman, Aylefbury was a royal 
 manor, feveral parts of which that King gave to his favourites* 
 to hold of him by the following odd tenure ; namely, that they 
 fhould find litter or ftraw for the King's bed and chambers, and 
 provide him three eels in winter, and three green geefe in ium«- 
 mer, befides herbs for his chamber ; and this they were to do 
 thrice a year, if the King came thither fo often. 
 
 Some of the principal public edices in this town were erected 
 at the expence of Sir John Baldwin, Lord Chief Juftice of the 
 Court of Common Pleas in the reign of Henry VIII. He was 
 otherwife a great benefactor to this town, and had a caufeway 
 made from the market-place towards London for the diftance of 
 three miles, at his own coft. 
 
 BUCKINGHAM. 
 
 This is the county town, and is fixty miles from London. It 
 is warned on all fides but the north, by the river Oufe, over 
 which it has three ftone bridges. The caftle of the town, now in 
 ruins, was built in the middle of it, and divides it into two 
 parts. In the north part ftands the town hall, a very handfome 
 convenient ftructure, in which are kept the weights and mea- 
 fures of the county. This town was for many ye-rs a ftapJe 
 for wool, and feveral of its wool-halls are yet ftamtiftgj but that 
 trade is now loft here. It is very populous ; and the church, 
 which is in the weft part of the town, is a very large building, 
 and, when its fpire was (landing, might be reckoned ihs beft in 
 the whole county, and was as high as moft in England ; but 
 in 1698 was in part blown down, and has never iinte been re- 
 built. In the year 1725, many of the old buddies in this town 
 were deftroyed by fire, which burnt out 138 families, and dil 
 near 33,000 pounds damage. The county -»avl was kept n th * 
 
 earth 
 
2 7 » 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 caftle here, till it fell to decay j but a new one has been built; 
 and by a late act the Cummer aflizes, which had been fometimes 
 held Aylefbury, are always to be held here. This town fends 
 two members to parliament. 
 
 S T O W$ 
 
 The celebrated feat of Earl Temple, is about two mile* 
 north-weft from Buckingham, well fituated in a fine fpot, which 
 is much more beautiful -than any of the furrounding country. 
 The houfe is large ; it extends in one line of front in nine hun- 
 dred feet. A grand flight of itep<, defigned by Signior Borra^ 
 ornamented with balullrades, leads us to the Saloon, which is a 
 "rand apartment hung with tapeftry, reprefenting the fundions 
 of the cavalry. The dimenfions of this room are 43 feet by 
 22 ; the furniture is crimfon, ornamented with two marble bufts, 
 a rich cabinet* and fine china jars. 
 
 The Hall is a fpacious room, 36 feet by 22 and half, defigned 
 and painted by Kent* Its deling is enriched with the figns of 
 the Zodiac, and the walls are adorned with feftoons of flowers, 
 he. Over the chimney is a curious piece of alto relievo, the 
 llory of which is Darius's tent. Here are alfo eleven marble 
 butts properly difpofed. 
 
 The Dining Room is a well-proportioned apartment, 43 feet 
 by 25* in which arefome fine paintings, particularly a dancing 
 at the Duke of Mantua's marriage, by Tintoret, a landfcapeby 
 Claude Lorraine, the marriage at Cana by Baflan, and MofeS 
 burying the Egyptian by Pouflin. There are alfo in this roorri • 
 three pieces of ftatuary that deferve attention ; a Narciflufi, 
 whofe attitude is eafy, and the figure elegant ; Vertumnus and 
 Pomona, by Scheemacher; and a Venus and Adonis by Del- 
 veau. The Venus is very delicate and beautiful. 
 
 The Grand Stair Cafe is ornamented with iron work, and 
 enriched with three cieling pieces, painted by Sclater j namely, 
 Juftice and Peace, Fame and Victory, Plenty and Con- 
 iiancy. . 
 
 The Chapel is wainfeotted with cedar, and has a gallery of 
 the fame, hung with crimfon velvet. Its dimenfions are 37 feet 
 by 20 feet 10 inches, and 26 feet high. Over the communion 
 table is a fine painting of the refurre&ion, by Tintoret ; and 
 over that is the King's arms, richly carved and ornamented. 
 Above the cedar wainfcot, are the following paintings at full 
 length, viz. Mdfes and Aron, St. Peter arid St. Paul, the four 
 Evangelifts, the afeenfion, baptifm, and the falutation of the 
 Virgin Mary. The cieling is the fame as in the chapel royal 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 273 
 
 at St. James's, and the cedar wainfcot enriched with e'ejant 
 carving, by Gibbons. 
 
 In Lady Temple's Drejjing room, the hangings, chairs, and 
 Window curtains, are of fine printed cotton ; and there is here 
 a fine oid japan cabinet, ornamented with china jars ; and a fine 
 view of Pekin over the chimney-piece, by lolli 
 
 In her ladyfhip's Bed-chamber, the hangings, chairs, &c. are 
 the fame as the Dreffing-room ; with a picture of a Chinefe 
 Temple over the chimney, by lolli. 
 
 The Chinefe Clofet is the repofitory of her ladyfhip's valuable 
 china. The japan and ornaments were a prefent from the late 
 Prince and Princefs of Wales. From hence we enter a colonnade 
 adorned with paintings by Sclater. It is embellilhed with exotics 
 and flowering fhrubs. The Qrenville Room is 29 feet 8 inches 
 by 26 feet 3 inches, and 19 feet 4 inches high, is hung with 
 green velvet, and ornamented with portraits at full length of the 
 Grenville family. 
 
 The Gallery is a magnificent apartment, 74 feet by 25 feet j 
 and 20 feet high, with gobelin tapeftry chairs, and is hung with 
 three fine pieces of tapeftry, viz. a beautiful reprefentation of a 
 Farm, A Dutch Wake from Teniers, and a Dutch Fifhery, 
 from the fame. The two chimnies have pictures of Roman ruins 
 over each, by Pannini. The four doors have rural pictures over 
 each, viz. Plowing, Reaping, Hay-making, and Sheep ihearing. 
 And a rich cabinet at each end containing books; and 10 marble 
 bufts of Roman Emperors. 
 
 In the Waiting- Room are fome fine pictures, particularly Cy- 
 mon and Iphigenia, by Guerchino ; gold pouring into the mouth 
 of CrafTus, by Pouffin ; and a very curious piece by Albert Du- 
 rer, thefubjedvt Joan oi Arcmufingon her expedition. 
 
 In the private Drawing- Room is a fine picture of Samfon, by 
 Rembrandt, the expieflion of which is very great ; a landfcape 
 by Claude Loraine ; Rubens's fiift wife, by Rubens ; Sileno, by 
 the fame \ the Duke of Sully, by Vandyke; Samfon and Dali- 
 lah, by Guerchino; and a portrait of Oliver Cromwell, by Old 
 Richard fon. 
 
 The State Gallery is feventy feet long, and twenty two high, 
 and is a very beautiful room. It is hung with Biuffels tapeftry, 
 reprefenting the triumphs of Diana, Mars, Venus, Bacchus, 
 and Ceres. The cieling is ftuccoed in compartments, and or- 
 namented with medallions, and paintings in obfeura. 
 
 The State Bed-chamber is extremely magnificent, the bed and 
 cieling by Signor Borra ; and is finely furnifhed with crimfon 
 damafk and gold ornaments. The State Clofet is hung with blue 
 damafk, finely ornamented with carving and gilding ; out of 
 Which we go into a colonnade, where is a beautiful view of 
 
 M m t h e 
 
274 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 the gardens and the country. The pafTage is ornamented with 
 marble bufts. 
 
 The Gardens at Stow have long been confidered as the- ' 
 moft magnificent in England, and have always been admired by 
 perfons of tafte ; and have therefore a natural claim to a particu- 
 lar defcription in our work. The fouthern entrance of the 
 gardens is formed by two pavilions of the Doric order, defigned 
 by Sir John Vanbrugh ; the walls of which are adorned with 
 paintings, in frefco, the ftories taken from Paftor Fido. Almoft 
 the firft linking object that occurs in the gardens, is, an obelifk 
 near feventy feet high, defigned for a jet de eau, and placed 
 in the middle of a large oc-tagon piece of water. At fome diftance 
 we perceive two rivers, which are at laft united, and enter the 
 ©flagon in one ftream. Over one of thefe is a Palladian bridge. 
 From this point a Gothic Temple, 70 feet in height, appears on 
 the top of an hill. On the left is an Egyptian pyramid ; from 
 whence we are conducted to the Cold Bath. Here we have a 
 profpeft of a natuial cafcade, falling from the laft-mentioned 
 octagon, in three diftinct meets, into an extenfive lake. One 
 of the fheets pafles through the arch of an artificial ruin, co- 
 vered with ever-greens. 
 
 Thefe noble gardens contain a great variety of elegant edifices 
 and decorations. The building called the Hermitage is built of 
 rough ftone, and agreeably fituated in a rifing wood on the banks 
 of the lake; not far from which are the ftatues of Cain and 
 Abel, finely executed. The Temple of Venus is a fquare build- 
 ing, with colonnade wings. It was deiigned by Kent, and is 
 painted with the flory of Hellenore and Malbecco, from Spen- 
 fer's Fairy Queen. The room is adorned with a naked Venus ; 
 and the fmaller compartments with a variety of intrigues. Upon 
 the frize is the following motto from Catullus: 
 
 Nunc amei qui nmquam amaroit j 
 
 £)uique amavet, nunc arnet. 
 
 Let him love now, who never lov'd before : 
 
 Let him, who always lov'd, now love the more. 
 
 Underneath the Belvidere, or Gibbes's Building, is an ice- 
 houfe; at fome diftance from which are the Roman boxers, ad- 
 mirably copied. Here are alfo two Pavilions, one of which is 
 ufed as a dwelling houfe ; and the other is ornamented with the 
 ftatues of Julius Caefar, Cicero, Portia, and Levia. 
 
 The Egyptian Pyramid, which was before-mentioned, and 
 which is fixty feet in height, has a Latin infeription to the fol- 
 lowing purpofe : " To the memory of Sir John Vanbrugh, by 
 2 whom 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 275 
 
 <c whom feveral of the buildings in thefe gardens were defigned, 
 " Lord Cobham erecled this pyramid." 
 
 In a field, enclofed with a fence of flakes, after the military 
 manner, are the ftatues of Hercules and Antasus. St. Auguj- 
 tine 's Cave is a monaftic cell, built with mofs and roots : within 
 is a ftraw couch, and feveral Latin inferiptions, in the ftile of 
 the old Monkifti Latin vetfe. The Temple of Bacchus is an 
 edifice of brick, the infide of which is adorned with Bacchana- 
 lian fcenes, painted by Nollikins; and here are two vafes in a 
 very mafterly tafte. The Saxon Temple is an altar fituated in an 
 open grove, about which the feven Saxon Deities, which deno- 
 minate the feveral days of the week, were formerly placed ; 
 but thefe have fince been removed to the Gothic Temple. 
 
 Nelfons Seat is an elegant little building, from whence there 
 is an agreeable opon profpe£t. In the inhde are fome paintings, 
 with inferiptions. At the head of the canal, oppofite the north 
 front of the houfe, is an equeftrian ftatue of King George I. in 
 comple-at armoyr. There is alfo a ftatue of his late Majefty, 
 King George II. raifed on a Corinthian pillar. And in a rural 
 amphitheatre is a ftatue of Queen Caroline, erected on four Ionic 
 columns. 
 
 Dido's Cave is a retired dark building with this inlcription from 
 Virgil: 
 
 Speluncam Dido y Dux et Trojanus, eandem, 
 Deveniunt. 
 
 " Repairing to the fame dark cave are feen, 
 " The Trojan Hero, and the Tynan Qjeen." 
 
 The Rotunda, which was defigned by Sir John Vanbrugh, is 
 fupported by Ionic pillars. Within, is a ftatue of Venus de 
 Medicis on a pedeftal of blue marble. Scarcely any object in 
 the whole garden (hews itfelf to more advantage, than this 
 ftiucture; or makes a more beautiful figure, from feveral diffe- 
 rent points of profpeft. 
 
 The Sleepir.g parlour is a fquare building, with an elegant 
 Ionic portico, fituated in a clofe wood, with this Epicurian in- 
 fcription : Cum omnia fint in incerte, fave tibi\ i. e. Since all 
 things are uncertain, indulge thyfelf. The Witch Houfe is a 
 kind of hut, on the walls of which are roughly painted the mid- 
 night merriment of hag6. 
 
 The, Temple of ancient Virtue is a compleat and beautiful ro- 
 tunda of the Ionic order, defigned by Kent. Over each door 
 on the outfide, is this motto: Prifca Virtuti\ to ancient Virtue. 
 It is adorned with ftatues of Lycurgus, Socrates, Homer, and 
 Epaminondas, under which are Latin inferiptions to the follow- 
 ing purpofe. 
 
 Lycurgus* 
 
2j6 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 Lycurgus, having planned with confummate wifdom a con- 
 ftitution, fccured againft every inroad of corruption, this truly 
 great Father of his country bequeathed to his citizens a Iafting 
 liberty j luxury being kept out by this difufe of wealth. 
 
 Socrates, innocent amidft corruption, an encourager of 
 good men, a worfhipper of one God, the wifeft of men deli- 
 vered Philofophy from an idle fcholaftic life, and introduced her 
 into fociety, to amend mankind. 
 
 Homer, the flrft as well as beft of Poets, whofe genius fub- 
 fervient wholly to the caufe of virtue, inftrudted mankind,|by a 
 language univerfally known, in the godlike arts of daring and 
 fuffering heroically. 
 
 Epaminondas, by whofe courage, prudence, and mode- 
 ration, the Theban commonwealth obtained liberty and empire, 
 an happy eftablifhment as well civil as military j and by whofe 
 death it loft them. 
 
 Over one of the doors of this edifice is alfo the following in- 
 fcription : <{ Charum efle civem, bene de republica mereri, 
 " laudari, coli, ddigi, gloriofum eft : metui vero, & in odio 
 " efle, invidiofum, teteftabille, imbecillum, caducum ;" i. e. 
 To be dear to our country and to deferve well of the ftate, to be 
 honoured, reverenced, and loved, is truly glorious ; but to be 
 dreaded and hated of mankind is bafe, deteftable, weak, im- 
 politick. 
 
 Over the other door is as follows : Juftitiam cole et pieta- 
 " tern, quae cum fit magna in parentibus et propinquis, turn in 
 " patria maxima eft. Ea vita via eft in caelum, et in hunc caetum 
 ff eorum qui jam vixerunt i. e. An affe&ion for our friends 
 and relations is amiable j but for our country divine. This is 
 the path to future happinefs, and the aflembly of thofe who have 
 already lived. 
 
 From the Temple of Ancient Virtue, you look down on a very 
 beautiful winding hollow lawn, fcattered with fingle trees in the 
 happieft manner, through the ftems of which, the water breaks 
 to the eye in a ftile admirably pi&urefque. Near to this tqmple 
 in a thicket, is the Temple of Modern Virtue, fatirically reprefented 
 in ruins. 
 
 The gardens continue extremely various and beautiful, till 
 you cometohe Princefs Amelia's arch, from which you at once 
 break upon a fcenery truly enchanting ; being more like a rich 
 pidlurefque compofition, than the effecT: of an artful manage- 
 ment of ground and buildings. The lawn from the arch, falls 
 in various waves into the water, at the bottom of the vale : it is 
 fcattered with trees, whofe fpreading tops unite, and leave the 
 eye an irregular command among their ftems of a double wave 
 on the lake. The fmooth green of the lawn, obfeured in fome 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 277 
 
 places by the ihade of the trees, in others illuminated by the 
 fun, forms an object as beautiful as can be imagined j nor can 
 any thing be more piclurefque than the water appearing through 
 the fore -ground of the fcene, thus canopied with trees. A break 
 in the grove prefents a compleat picture above thefe beautiful va- 
 rieties of wood and water : firft, the Palladian-bridge, backed 
 by a riling ground /battered with wood ; and at the top of that 
 a caftle. The objects of the whole icene, though various, and 
 fome diftant, are moft happily united to form a compleat view, 
 equally magnificent and pleafing; indeed it is the richefl that is 
 feen at Stow. 
 
 T he Palladion Bridge is adorned with feveral antique marble 
 buftos. The roof on the fide facing the water, is fupported by 
 Ionic pillars. The back wall is covered with a fine piece of Alto 
 Relievo, which reprefents the four quarters of the world bring- 
 ing their various produces to Britannia. Here arealfo paintings 
 of Sir Walter Raleigh with a map of Virginia j and of Williarn 
 Penn, prefcnting the laws of Pennfylvania. 
 
 After croffing the Serpentine River, we pafs into the Elyfian 
 Fields, a moft delicious retreat, confifting of beautiful waves of 
 clofe (haven grafs ; breaking among wood, and fcattered with 
 fingle trees ; bounding on one fide by thick groves, and (helving 
 on the other down to the water, which winds in a very happy 
 manner; and commanding from feveral fpots, various landfcapes 
 of the diftant parts of the gardens. 
 
 The Templevf Britijh Worthies^ is a femi-circular wall, adorn- 
 ed with the following buftos and infcriptions : 
 
 Sir Thomas Gresham, who by the honourable profeffion 
 of a merchant having enriched himfelf and his country, for 
 carrying on the commerce of the world, built the Royal Ex- 
 change. 
 
 Ignatius Jones, who, to adorn his country, introduced and 
 rivalled the Greek and Roman architecture. 
 
 John Milton, whofe fublime and unbounded genius equal- 
 led a fubject that carried him beyond the limits of the world. 
 
 William Shakespeare, whofe excellent genius opened 
 to him the whole heart of man, all the mines of fancy, all the 
 ftores of nature, and gave him power, beyond all other writers, 
 to move, aftonifh, and delight mankind. 
 
 John Locke, who, beft of all philofophers, underftood the 
 powers of the human mind, the nature, end, and bounds of 
 civil government ; and with equal courage and fagacity, refuted 
 the flavifti fyftems of ufurped authority over the rights, thecon- 
 c iences, and the reafon of mankind. 
 
 Sir Isaac Newton, whom the God of nature made to 
 comprehend his works j and from fimple principles, to difcover 
 
 the 
 
278 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 the laws never known before, and to explain the appearance ne- 
 ver underftood, of this ftupendous univerfe. 
 
 Sir Francis Bacon, Lord Verulam; who, by the 
 ftrength and light of a fuperior genius, rejecting vain fpecula- 
 tion, and fallacious theory, taught to purfue truth, and improve 
 philofophy by the certain method of experiment. 
 
 King Alfred, the mildeft, juffeft, mod benificent of 
 kings ; who drove out the Danes, fecured the feas, protected 
 learning, eitablifhcd juries, crufhed corruption, guarded liberty, 
 and was the founder of the Englifh conftitution.. 
 
 Edward, Prim ce of Wales, the terror of Europe, the 
 <3elight of England ; who preferved unaltered, in the height of 
 glory and fortune, his natural gentlenefs and modefty. 
 
 Queen Elizabeth, who confounded the proje&s, and de- 
 flroyed the power that threatened to opprefs the liberties of Eu- 
 rope} took off the yoke of ecclefiaftical tyranny, reftored reli- 
 gion from the corruptions of Popery : and, by a wife, a mode- 
 rate, and a popular government, gave wealth, fecurity, and re- 
 fpc£f. to England. 
 
 King William III. who by his virtue, and conftancy, 
 having faved his country from a foreign mafter, by a bold and 
 generous enterprize, preferved the liberty and religion of Great 
 Britain. 
 
 Sir Walter Raleigh, a valiant foldier, and an able 
 ltatefman ; who, endeavouring to roufe the fpirit of his mafter, 
 for the honour of his country, againlt the ambition of Spain, fell 
 a facrifice to the influence of that court, whofe arms he had van- 
 quifhed, and whofe defigns he had oppofed. 
 
 Sir Fk ancis Drake, who, through many perils, was the 
 firftof Britons who ventured to fail round the globe i and carried 
 into unknown feas and nations the knowledge and glory of the 
 Lnglifh name. 
 
 John Hampden, who with great fpirit and confummate 
 abilities, began a noble oppofition to an arbitrary court, in defence 
 of the liberties of his country ; fupported them in parliament, 
 and died for them in the field. — There are alfo in this temple 
 buffs of Mr. Pope, and Sir John Barnard. 
 
 In the niche of a pyramid is placed a Mercury, with thefe 
 words inferibed, Compos ducit ad Elyfios ; i. e. Leads to the 
 Elyhan-Fields. And below this figure is fixed a fquare of black 
 marble, on which are the following lines : 
 
 Hie manus ob patriam pugnandp vulnera pajfi, 
 
 Qui que pit vates, et Phccbo digna iocuti^ 
 
 Inventas aut qui vitam excoluerc per artes, 
 
 Qui que fui memores alios fecere tnerendo.. 
 
 Hero 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 27^ 
 
 Heroes are here, who for their country bled, 
 And bards whofe pure and facred verfe is read j 
 Thofe who, by arts invented, life improv'd, 
 And public merit made their mem'ries lov'd. 
 The Cbinefe Houfe is fituated, after the Chinefe manner, upon 
 a large piece of water. We enter it by a bridge, decorated with 
 Chinefe vafes. It is a fquare building, with four lattices, and 
 covered with fail cloth. The windows and roof, together with 
 its cool fituation on the lake, afford us a juft fpecimen of the 
 manner of living in a hot country. Within is the figure of a 
 Chinefelady afleep. The outfide of the houfe is painted in the 
 Chinefe tafte, and theinfide is India Japan work. 
 
 The Grotto* fituated at the head of the Serpentine river, is 
 furnifhed with a great number of looking-glafles, both on the 
 walls and cielings, fixed in frames of pkufter-work, ftuek with 
 (hells and flints. It has a marble ftatue of Venus, on a pedellal 
 adorned in the fame manner. On each fide is a pavilion ; one 
 of which is ornamented with (hells, the other with broken flints 
 and pebbles. 
 
 The Ladies Temple is fupported by arches, with Venetian win- 
 dows. The infide is beautified with the following paintings by 
 Sclater. On the right fide, Ladies employed in needle and 
 fhell-work. On the oppofite fide, Ladies employed in painting 
 and mufic. 
 
 The late Anne, Vifcountefs Cobham, erecled in thefe gardens 
 fluted column, to the memory of her hufband Lord Cobham j 
 on one fide of which are the following lines : 
 
 ^uatenus nobis denegatur diu vivere, 
 
 Relinquamus aliquidy 
 ^uo nos vixijfe tejiemur. 
 
 As we cannot live long. 
 Let us leave fomething behind us, 
 Tofhew that we have lived. 
 Paffing by this column, from whence is a view through the 
 wood of the temple of Concord, you come by winding walks 
 to the banquetting-room, from whence is a fine varied profpecf ; 
 and the Corinthian arch appears to advantage. From hence you 
 are conducted to the temple of Concord and Viflory* and in the 
 way, pafs a moft beautiful winding hollow lawn j the brows of 
 all the furrounding flopes, finely fpread with woods, thick in 
 fome places, and others fcattered fo as to open for the eye to fol- 
 low the bends of the lawn, which is every where differenr. 
 The temple is excellently fituated on the brow of one of the 
 hills: it is a very fine building ; an oblong totally furrounded by 
 a colonnade of well-proportioned pillars* The architecture is 
 
 light 
 
A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 light and pleafing; There is a room here, ornamented with a 
 ftatue of liberty, and feveral medallions in the walls. 
 
 From hence the walk leads next to a fequeftered winding vale, 
 finely furrounded with wood 5 and a fmall water takes its courfe 
 through it, broken by woody iflands, and a various obfcured 
 fliore. At the head, the grotto of fhells looks down on the 
 water in a pleafing manner ; and muft be particularly beautiful 
 when the woods and waters are illuminated ; which they are when 
 Lord Temple fups in it. Here is a ftatue of Venus rifing from 
 the bath ; a pleafing ftatue, and the attitude naturally taken. 
 
 The Imperial Clofet is a fquare room, in which are painted in 
 Urefco, the Emperors Titus, Trajan, and Antoninus ; each of 
 whom is respectively diftinguimed by a memorable faying of his 
 own, fixed over him, as follows : 
 
 Imp. Titus Caef. Vefpauafl; 
 Diem perdidi — I have loft a day. 
 Imp. N. Trajan Caef. Au. 
 Pro me : fi merear^ in me. 
 For me — if I deferve it, againft me*. 
 (Alluding to his fword.) 
 Imp. Marcus Aurelius Caefar Antoninus. 
 It a regnes imperator, ut privates regi ie veils. 
 So govern being an Emperor, as you would wiHi 
 to be governed if a fubjedt. 
 A grand terrace, near three hundred feet long leads us to the 
 Temf le of Friendjhip ; which is a well proportioned ftrudture of 
 the Doric order. The emblemn of friendifhip over the door, 
 thole of Juftice and liberty, with the reft of the decorations, are 
 elegantly touched. Britannia is feated upon the deling. On 
 one fide are exhibited the glory of her annals, the reigns of Ed- 
 ward III. and Queen Elizabeth. On the other is offered the 
 reign of * * * *, which fhe covers with her mantle, and 
 feems unwilling to accept. — Here are alfo the bufts of the late 
 Lord, and his illuftrious friends; viz. Frederick Piinceof Wales ; 
 the Earls of Chefterfield, Weftmoreland, and Marchmont j 
 the Lords Bathurft and Gower ; the prefent Earls of Chatham 
 Temple, and the late Lord Lyttelton. 
 
 There is likewife in thefe gardens a monument erected to the 
 memory of Congreve ; the embellifhments of which are em- 
 blematical of that celebrated Poet's comic genius. And alfo 
 another monument erected by Lord Cobham, in honour of his 
 
 nephew 
 
 * This noble fentiment of Trajan's, that fhe fword of juftice ought to bo 
 employed for him if he governed well, but again fi him if he 'governed ill, is 
 what few modern Princes would have the magnanimity to aftent to, 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 281 
 
 nephew Captain Thomas Grenville, who was killed bravely 
 fighting againft the French, in a fleet commanded by Admiral 
 A nfon. 
 
 There is in Stow Gardens fo great a variety of beauties, 
 t hat theJpe&ater, whofe mind is capable of being moved, either 
 with grace or majefty, cannot, without reluctance, leave a place 
 fo properly calculated to inform the judgement, and intereft the 
 fancy ; where art appears without affectation, and nature with- 
 out extravagance. 
 
 STONEY STRATFORD. 
 
 This town is fuppofed to derive its name from the ftoney 
 ftreet that runs through it, and the ford where travellers ufed 
 rformerly to pafs the Oufe. It is diftant from London in the 
 road toChefter, fity-two miles. The town is rather large, and 
 the houfes in general are built of free ftone, which is dug from 
 a quarry very near the town. The Oufe is now crofTed by a 
 ftone bridge at the ford, and fometimes fwells fo high, that it 
 breaks into the neighbouring fields with great violence, efpeci- 
 ally on that fide next the town, the banks on the other fide being 
 fomewhat higher. This town has two parifh. churches, and alfo 
 two chapels, and a fmall charity fchool. In 1743, a fire broke 
 out here, which confumed one hundred and fifty houfes, but that 
 damage has been fince repaired, and the town in general makes 
 an handfome appearance. The chief manufacture of the place 
 is bone-lace. 
 
 Fenny Stratford is an ancient market-town, in which 
 there are many good inns, and feveral fine houfes. It is at pre- 
 fent a pleafant and thriving town. 
 
 Newport Pagnell is a well built and populous market- 
 town, and has two ftone bridges over the Oufe. It is a kind of 
 ftaple for bone lace, of which, it is faid, more is made in this 
 town, and in the neighbouring villages, than in any other town 
 in the kingdom. 
 
 Oulney is but an inconfiderable town, and has hardly any 
 thing remarkable in it befides its church, which has a very fine 
 fpire. 
 
 Winslow is a fmall town, furrounded with woods, but has 
 nothing in it remarkable. — In the manor of Crendon near ' this 
 town, there was an abbey, or priory, for regular canons of the 
 order of St. Auguftine, called. Nottele, or Nuttley. It was built 
 and endowed by Walter Giffard, the fecond Earl of Bucking- 
 ham, and Ermengard his wife, in the year 1162. Seme of the 
 ruins of this abbey are ftill Handing, and near it are the remains 
 of an ancient caftie, Kr» Ivingq 
 
282 A NEW DISPLAY OP 
 
 Ivingo was formerly a town of great repute, and had* a 
 convent of Benedictine nuns, but it is fo reduced at prefent as to 
 be little better than a village, though it has a kind of weekly 
 m>rket. — About four miles from Ivingo is thepleafant village of 
 Ajhbridge, which is delightfully fituated. The Duke of Bridge- 
 water has a fine houfe and gardens here, with parks well ftored 
 W th all forts of game. Vaft numbers of cattle are fed in the 
 neighbourhood of Aftibridge, particularly fheep, whofe fleeces 
 are equal, if not fuperior, to any other in England. 
 
 T R I N G. 
 
 This is a market town in Hertford/hire, thirty-one miles from 
 London, fituated at the weffern extremity of the county, where 
 it joins with BuckinghamQiire. It is a place of confiderable 
 antiquity, as appears from Doomfday book, wherein it is men- 
 tioned as a royal demefne, and as fuch it was given by William 
 the Norman to his favourite, Robert Earl of Ewe. The town, 
 though fmall, is extremely neat, with fome very handfome 
 houfes in it ; and the church is a venerable Gothic ftru&ure, the 
 infide of which has been neatly wainfcotted, at the expence of 
 Mr. Gore. This gentleman, who is lord of the manor, has 
 enclofed a park, near the town, containing three hundred acres 
 of land, and in it is a fine plantation of trees, refembling a wood. 
 Here is a charity-fchool for teaching and cloathing twenty boys* 
 fupported by fubfcription. At a village called Little Tring, in 
 this parifh, rifes one of the heads of the river Thames. Tring 
 is a confiderable market for corn, of which there are here very 
 large granaries. 
 
 In 1751. John Ofborne, and bis wife Ruth, both poor aged 
 people, were dragged to a deep pond near this town, and there 
 ducked, by a large mob affembled for that purpofe, who had ig- 
 !»< rantly fuppofed that this couple were a witch and wizzard. 
 They (tripped them both naked, tied their thumbs and great 
 toes together, and in that manner threw them three different 
 times into the pond ; but the poor woman who was feventy 
 years of age, died in the water. They then took John Ofborne 
 to a neighbouring houfe, where they laid him in a bed, and the 
 body of his murdered wife befide him, after which they difperfed 
 to the ir own homes. But Thomas Colley, the ringleader of 
 the mob, was afterwards apprehended, and tried for murder at 
 Hertford. He was found guilty, and executed at Tring, his 
 body being hung in chains. 
 
 BERK- 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 283 
 
 B E R K H A M S T E D. 
 
 This town, which is twenty-feven miles from London, was 
 anciently a Roman town, and Roman coins have ofcen been dtfg 
 up here. Some of the Saxon kings kept their courts, and held 
 their great councils at this place. William the Norman fwore 
 here to the Englifh nobility, that he would piefcrve the laws 
 made by his predeceffbrs. Robert de Morton, Earl of Corn- 
 wail, built a caftleon the north fide of this town, the remains of 
 which are converted into a gentleman's feat. 
 
 King Henry II. kept his court here, and granted the town 
 feveral privileges, particularly that its merchandize mould pais 
 free of toll and cuftom through England, Normandy, Acqui- 
 tain, and Anjou, and that no judicial procefs mould be executed 
 by any of the King's officers, within its liberties, but only by 
 its own high fteward, coroner, and bailiffs ; that no market 
 Ihould be kept within feven miles of it, and that the inhabitants 
 (hould not be obliged to attend at any affixes or feffions. In the 
 reign of Henry the Third, it was a borough, and in the fourteenth 
 of King Edward the Third fent members to parliament. There 
 are no lefs than fifty three townlhips belonging to the manor, 
 which derives its name from the town, which are obliged to pay 
 homage, and chufe conftables here. Of thefe townlhips there 
 are eleven in this county, fifteen in Buckinghamfhire, and 
 twenty-feven in Northamptonfhire. King James the Firft, to 
 whole children this place was a nurfery, made it a corporation, 
 by the name of bailiff and burgefles of Berkhamftead Sc. Peter ; 
 the burgefles to be twelve, to chufe a recorder and town clerk, 
 and to have a prifon : but the corp oration was Co impovenfhed 
 by the civil wars, in the next reign, that the government drop- 
 ped, and has not fince been renewed. 
 
 The fituation of Berkhamfted is extremely pleafant, being 
 built on the fide of a hill, chiefly confirming of a good ftreet of 
 Confiderable length. The church is a fpacious Gothic edifice, 
 dedicated to St. Peter, affirha& many chapels and oratories, where 
 mafs ufed to be faid in the times of Popery. On the pillars of 
 the church are eleveu of the apofiles, and over each of them a 
 fentence of the creed ; abd on the twelfth pillar is St. George kil- 
 ling the dragon. Here i\ an alms-houfe built by Mr. John Say e 
 and his wife, who endowed it with 1300I. for the maintenance 
 of fix poor widows. Hiire is alfo a charity fchool, and a free- 
 grammar-fchool ; the grammar fchool is a handfome brick ftruc- 
 ture, and is well endowed, the King being patron, and the war- 
 den of All Souls college in Oxford, vifitor. 
 
 N n 2 
 
 HE M 
 
2 84 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 HEMP S TED 
 
 Is four miles from Berkhamfted, and twenty three from Lon- 
 don. It was incorporated by King Henry VIII. It is governed 
 by a bailiff, and the inhabitants are empowered to have a com-*- 
 mon feal, and a pye powder court, during its market and fairs. 
 It is pleafantly fituaied on a fmall river, called the Gade, and 
 furrounded with hills. The church, which (lands at a little dif- 
 tance from the the town, is an ancient gothic ftruclure, with a 
 fquare tower, and a fine fpire. The market here is the greateft 
 inHertfordfhire for wheat; and 20,oool. is faid to be often re- 
 turned weekly for meal. There are eleven mills Hand within 
 four miles of the place, which bring a great trade to it. 
 
 About four miles from Hempfted is King's Langley, which is 
 a large and pleafant village, where King Edward III. built a 
 fine palace, wherein he often refided, of which fome part (till 
 remains. And here his fifth fon Edmund, commonly called De 
 Langley, was born ; and this prince, with his wife Ifabel, 
 daughter of Don Pedro, King of Caftile, lies buried in this 
 church, which is a venerable Gothic ftru&ure. 
 
 Abbots Langley is another agreeable village in this neighbour- 
 hood, which belonged to the abbey of St. Albans. The church 
 is an handfome edifice, fituated in the middle of the village, 
 and at the end is a fine tower. This was the birth place of 
 Nicholas Breakefpeare, who was eledted pope under the name of 
 Adrian IV. 
 
 &edburne is a village on the high road leading to Dunftable, 
 which contains many handfome houfes, and feveral good inns ; 
 for being a great thoroughfare, the waggons from Birmingham, 
 Shrewfbury, Wolverhampton, and many other places, put up 
 at it the night before they reach London. It is an agreeable 
 place, and was formerly much frequented by dovotees, on ac- 
 count of the pretended relics of Amphibalus, a martyr, who is 
 faid to have preached the gofpel here in the third century. 
 
 Flamjiead, on the left hand of the road, about four miles be- 
 yond Redburne, was formerly a market town, and had feveral 
 fairs ; but they are difcontinued. The church is a venerable 
 Gothic ftructuie, fituate on a hill, with a fquare tower and a 
 lofty fpiie, which are feen at a great diftance. The church has 
 thtee ifleSj and in them are feveral ancient monuments. 
 
 Stevenage is a fmall, but ancient market-town in Her t- 
 fordfhire, in the great north ipad. The church was built upon 
 
 a dry 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 a dry Tandy hill ; the houfes in the town are but indifferent ; 
 but there is a good free- fchool, with an ancient hofpital, and 
 feveral alms-houfes. — A little to the fouth of this town are the 
 remains of an ancient camp, by fome fuppofed to have been made 
 by the Romans, although others have afcribed it to the Danes ; 
 and there is a place near it ftill known by the name of Danes- 
 end. 
 
 St^ndon is a fmall town on the river Rib, which has an 
 hand fome church, and feveral endowments for a fchool, and for 
 the poor. 
 
 BISHOP's STORTFORD 
 
 Is thirty miles from London, and thirteen from Stevenage. 
 It derives its name from a ford over the river Stort, at the bot- 
 tom of the town, which, ever fince the time of William the 
 Norman, has belonged to the bifhops of London. King John 
 made this a corporation town, with power to chufe its own 
 officers, and it formerly fent members to parliament, but has 
 long ago loft that privilege. The bifliop of London appoints a 
 bailiff here, for what is called his liberty, and to him are direct- 
 ed fheriff's warrants, to be executed in this and feveral of the 
 neighbouring parifhes. The bifhop holds his courts leet and 
 baron at the manor of Padmore, at the north end of the town. 
 
 This is a confiderable, well-built place, full of good inns, 
 being a thoroughfare to Cambridge, Newmarket, and feveral 
 towns in Suffolk. It confifts of four ftreets, in the form of a 
 crofs, pointing eaft, weft, north and fouth. It has a church, 
 which ftands on a hill, in the middle of the town, with an hand- 
 fome tower, a fine ring of eight bells, and a fpire, covered with 
 lead, fifty feet high. This church had an organ fo long ago as 
 the time of Henry the Seventh, and is thought to be very anci- 
 ent, becaufe in one of the windows were the names and pictures 
 of king Athelftan, St. Edward, and king Edward. Here are 
 two alms houies and a grammar-fchool ; the fchool was built 
 about half a century ago, by the contribution of the gentry, both 
 of this county and Eiiex. It ftands ,in the high ftreet, upon 
 arches, under which are fhops and a market; it fronts the 
 church-yard, and confifts of three rooms, which, with the 
 flair-cafe, make a fquara» building ; the front to the ftreet is the 
 grammar-fchool, and the two wings are the writing-fchool and 
 library, to which every fcholar, when he leaves the fchool, 
 gives a book. 
 
 The river of Hunjdon^ which is fituated on the river Stort, wa$ 
 j[o rrtuch efteemed in former times for its healthy fituation, that 
 
 King 
 
2fi6 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 King Henry VIII. eredted a houfe here, to which he often re- 
 foned, and in which he had his children brought up. It ftands 
 on a high hill, from whence there is a moft delightful profped ; 
 and underneath are meadows, with the river winding in the moft 
 agreeable manner. Near it is the houfe where the royal children 
 rec ived their education, which is now the feat of a private gen- 
 tleman. The gardens are laid out with great tafte, and there is 
 a large bafon, from whence water is conveyed to the different 
 plantations in the gardens. 
 
 BUNTINGFORD 
 
 Is a fmall town, fituated at the ford of a fmall river, called 
 the Rib, in the poft- road to Cambridge, at the diftance of thirty- 
 one miles from London. It ftands in four pariihes, in one of 
 which, called Layfton, it is a chapelry. The chapel isanhand- 
 fome brick ftru&ure, rinifhed in 1626. Here is a fumptuous 
 alms- houfe, founded and endowed by Dr. Seth Ward., Bifhop 
 of Salifbury, for four ancient men, and as many ancient women, 
 who, from a ftate of affluence, were reduced by misfortunes to 
 poverty. Each man and each woman has an apartment con- 
 futing of four rooms, two above and two below, with every 
 convenience that can be reafonably wifhed for or expected. An 
 eftate was alfo left for their fupport, by the fame prelate, There 
 is a free-grammar fchool in this town, wherein Bifhop Ward 
 was educated, he being a native of this place ; he gave four fcho- 
 larfhips, of twelve pound - a year, to Chrift's college in Cam- 
 bridge, to be enjoyed by four fcholars, natives of Hertford- 
 fliire, who were educated at this fchool, till they are matters of 
 arts. 
 
 The village of Braugbing, which is at a little diftance from 
 hence, was confidered as a place of great importance when the 
 Romans were in Britain ; and by many is fuppofed to be the 
 Cafieromagum of Antoninus. There are near it the ruins of 
 a Roman camp, which appears to have been ftronglv fortified, 
 and many coins have been dug up near it, The church in this 
 village is a very handfome edifice. Near the church-yard is an old 
 houfe, at prefent inhabited by poor families, but which was ori- 
 ginally defignedfor a very different purpofe. Some centuries ago, 
 a perfon of fortune, whofe name is not at prefent known, built 
 this houfe, and endowed it with a fufficient falary, to defray the 
 expences attending the weddings of the poorer fort of people in 
 the parifh. It contained all forts of neceflary furniture, with 
 a large kitchen, a cauldron for boiling meat, and fpits for what 
 they intended to roaft. Here was alfo a large room for merri- 
 ment 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 287 
 
 mert, a lodging-loom with a bride-bed, and good linen j fome 
 of which furniture was in being a few years ago. 
 
 Barkway is a flourifhing and populous town, at the diftanc« 
 of thirty-five miles from London, and being a confidcrable tho- 
 roughfare in the north-road, contains fome good inns The 
 church in this town is an handfome Gothic ftiu&ure, and feve- 
 ral of the windows in it are painted ; and in one of them is an 
 abfurd and fuperftitious reprefentation of the Deity creating the 
 world, which is a difgrace to a Proteftant church. 
 
 Baldock is thirty-feven miles from London, and ftands be- 
 tween two hills, in a chalky foil, fit for corn It is a pretty 
 large town, and in the middle of it is an handfome church, with 
 three chancels, and a beautiful tower : among other benefac- 
 tions to the poor of the place, Mr. John Winne gave 1 i,oooI. 
 to build fix alms-houfes, and purchafe lands to raife an annuity of 
 forty (hillings a piece to every poor perfon fettled in them. Here 
 are many maltfters, and the market of this town is very confi- 
 derable both for corn and malt. 
 
 HITCHING 
 
 Is one of the beft built, and moft populous towns in the county 
 of Hertford. It ftands in a pleafant valley, at the diftance of 
 thirty- four miles from London ; and is governed by a bailiff and 
 four conftables, two for the town, and two for the out-parts. 
 It is divided into the three wards of Bencroft, Bridge, and Tilt- 
 houfe. It is faid to have been formerly one of the greatell 
 places of inland trade in England, and many merchants both from 
 France and Flanders refided here, to purchafe our commodities, 
 and to difpofe of their own. Here is an handfome church, 153 
 feet long, and 67 broad, with three chancels. Here is a free- 
 fchool, a charity-fchool, and eight alms-houfes. Large quan- 
 tities of malt are made in this town, and it is a great market for 
 all forts of grain. There is a meeting here for Proteftant Dif- 
 fenters. 
 
 The village of Hexton^ near Hitching, is remarkable for a 
 bloody battle fought between the Saxons and Danes, wherein it 
 is fuppofed fome; perfons of confiderable note were (lain, becaufe 
 there are feveral funeral monuments near the place. There is 
 alfo at a little diftance from hence a very ftrong camp, which is 
 conjectured to have been thrown up by the Danes, to defend 
 themfelves in cafe of their being defeated, until they received 
 frelh fuccours from their countrymen. It is raifed in an oblong 
 manner, and fo ftrongly fortified both by nature ana art, that 
 a thoufand men muh: cefend themfelves in it againft a confider- 
 able 
 
288 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 able army. — A little to the fouth of Hexton, is a fine piece of 
 ground, called Lillho, on a riling ground, where horfe-races are 
 held, and from whence there is an extenfive and beautiful pro- 
 fpea. 
 
 LUTON, 
 
 This is an handfome town in Bedfordfhire, fituated between 
 two hills, at the diftance of thirty-two miles from London. The 
 inhabitants carry on a confiderable manufactory of ftraw hats. 
 In the middle of the town is a good market- ho ufe, which on 
 the market-day, which is Monday, is well furnifhed with corn, 
 poultry, and other provifions ; and there are two fairs held here, 
 one on the 25th of April, and the other on the 18th of Octo- 
 ber. 
 
 At a little diftance from hence is Luton Hoo, a fine feat 
 belonging to the Earl of Bute. It is an elegant pile of building, 
 and that nobleman, who feemsto underftand decorating a coun- 
 try feat, much becter than governing a kingdom, has expended 
 very confiderable fums of money in ornamenting this retreat. 
 The entrance to it is through a lodge facing the town of Luton, 
 and the walk up to the houfe is along a fine artificial river, which 
 was formerly nothing more than a fmall ftream. On the right 
 hand is a rifing ground, whereon are fome exceeding fine plan- 
 tations, and on the left are a vaft number of trees, planted fo as 
 to imitate nature, along the banks of the ftream. The Earl has 
 caufed an artificial lake to be made, and in the middle of it is a 
 fmallifland, to which you pafs by a pleafure boat, andfrom whence 
 the profpect: is extenfive and delightful. 
 
 On the ifland are fine plantations of young trees j and as you 
 advance towards the houfe, you pafs through a fine row of elms, 
 and on each fide are large clumps of beech, which add greatly 
 to the beauty of the fcene. Through thefe trees there is a fine 
 profpect of the neighbouring hills, fields,, and cottages j whilft 
 the towers and fpires of fteeples s lead the fpectator into a plea- 
 fing deception, by caufing him to imagine, that what he beholds 
 is actually a rural city. In a pleafing valley, near the houfe, 
 is a monumental pillar, elegantly executed in the Tufcan order, 
 and feert to the greateft advantage through the trees, on the pede- 
 ftal of which is the following inscription, « In memory of Mr. 
 41 jfrancis Napier." 
 
 3 
 
 DUN- 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 289 
 
 DUNSTABLE 
 
 Is a populous town, thirty-four miles from London, built on 
 the fpot where two Roman ways, called Watling-ftreet, and 
 Icknild-ftreet, crofs each other; and Roman coins have fometimes 
 been found here. The town is fituated on a hill of chalk, juft 
 at the end of a long ridge of hills, called the Chiltern. Here are 
 four ftreets, anfwering to the four cardinal winds ; and becaufe 
 of the drynefs of the (oil, where they cannot find fprings, have 
 each a pond, which though only fupplied by rain water, is never 
 dry. There are feveral good inns here. King Henry the Firft 
 built and endowed a Priory of Black Canons here ; and the 
 church of Dunftable is part of that which belonged to the Priory, 
 and is a noble Gothic ftru£ture. There is a tomb-ftone in this 
 church, from which it appears, that a woman in the town had 
 nineteen children at five births, having been delivered twice of 
 five, and three times of three. There is a large manufactory 
 of ftraw hats carried on in this town, and another of lace, by 
 which almoft all the poor women and girls are employed. There 
 was formerly a royal palace here, which flood over againft the 
 church, and there are ftill fome remains of it, which have been 
 repaired and converted into a farm houfe, (till called Kingfbury. 
 At the weekly market, which is on Wednefday, vaft quantities 
 of corn are fold ; and there are four fairs held here annually, 
 namely, on Afti-Wednefday, the 22d of May, the 12th of 
 Auguft, and the 12th of November. 
 
 In a plain upon the top of the chalk-hills, near Dunftable, is 
 an area, of about eight or nine acres of land, vulgarly called 
 " the Maiden's Bower." Some have imagined it to have been 
 a Britifh camp, and others a work thrown up by the Danese 
 The rampart is high, and the Icknild ftreet runs along the 
 bottom of the hill. The road along the chalk-hill is extremely 
 dangerous in froftv weather, and has occafioned many fatal ac- 
 cidents, both to men and horfes. But fome years ago the gen- 
 tlemen of Bedfordfliire entered into a fubfeription, for Hoping 
 the hill, near the town, for the benefit of the road, and there are 
 conftantly employed a certain number of hands to keep it in 
 order. — Dunftable is remarkable for larks, which are faid to be in 
 greater plenty, and of a larger fize, near this town, than any 
 where elfe in the kingdom. 
 
 Leighton Buzzard is a fmall market town, feven miles 
 and an half from Dunftable, which has little in it that is re- 
 markable j but its market is well ftored with cattle, and its 
 Witfuntide fairs with horfes. 
 
 O o WO- 
 
290 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 W O B U R N 
 
 Is a fmall market -town, forty-three miles from London, and 
 being fituated on the road to Northampton, &c. contains many 
 good inns. The whole town belongs to the Duke of Bedford, 
 and that noble family have endowed here two charity- fchools. 
 In 1724, about one hundred houfes were burnt down, which 
 are fince neatly re-built ; and a fine market-houfe has been 
 ere&ed, at the expence of the Duke of Bedford ; fo that the 
 town now makes an handfome appearance. The principal trade 
 of this place confifts in the making of jockeys caps, and dig- 
 ging fuller's earth, of which there are great quantities in the 
 neighbourhood. 
 
 Woburn Abbey, the noble feat of the Duke of Bedford, 
 is in the neighbourhood of this town ; and was originally built 
 by Hugh Bolebec, a powerful baron in the reign of King Ste- 
 phen. It was intended for the ufe of the monks of the Ciftertian 
 order, who came in great fwarms into this kingdom in the twelfth 
 century. At the diiTolution of the monafteries, the lands and 
 manors belonging to this abbey were given to Sir John Ruffel, 
 anceftor of the prefent Duke; and this fpacious and elegant 
 houfe, which is fituated in the middle of the park, is erected 
 where the convent formerly ftood. 
 
 The houfe forms a large quadrangle, with an handfome court 
 in the center, fronting which is a large bafon, fupplied with 
 water from its own fprings. Behind are two large quadrangles 
 of offices diftindt from the houfe, which are very beautiful 
 buildings ; plain and fimple, but extremely proper for their de- 
 ftination. They are built like the houfe, of white ftone ; and 
 in the center of their principal front is a fmall dome, rifing over 
 a porticoed center, fupported by Tufcan pillars, which have a 
 very good effect. 
 
 In the houfe you enter firft the Hall, which is an handfome 
 room, the deling of which is fupported by eight pillars. The 
 Green Drawing Room is extremely elegant : between the win- 
 dows are fine glafles, and two very noble flabs of Egyptian mar- 
 ble. The chimney-piece is of white marble polifhed, and very 
 handfome. In this room are pictures of the plagues of Egypt* 
 David and Abigal, and a very fine landfeape. What is called 
 the Decker-iuorked Room contains a bed of uncommon elegance, 
 of decker work lined with green filk. The work is exquifite, 
 and the reprefentation of the birds and beafts in it admirable. 
 The chimney-piece is very elegant ; the fcroll of polifhed white 
 marble in a light and elegant taffe. 
 
- 
 
 THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 291 
 
 The Dining Room is a very noble room. The cu; 1Tinev _ 
 piece is elegant, with a feftoon of flowers carved in white mi. 
 ble, and finely polifhed. In the room are four large pictures of 
 the battles of Alexander. In the Yellow Drawing Room are two 
 fine portraits by Sir Jofhua Reynolds, one of the late Marquis 
 of Taviftock, and the other of the prefent Dutchefs of Marl- 
 borough. The chimney-piece is very elegant, and the pier- 
 glafs frame finely carved of plated filver. Here is alfo a por- 
 trait of the late Duke of Bedford. 
 
 In the Coffee Room is a fmall portrait of Francis, Earl of Bed- 
 ford, which is exceedingly fine, the face and hands admirably 
 painted. The Grotto is pretty of its kind ; with bafs relief figures 
 of ruftic in fhells, and fine china jars. The Billiard Room is 
 hung with very fine tapeftry, defigned from Raphael's cartoons. 
 The Dutchefs' s Dreffing Room is extremely elegant, hung with 
 emboffed work on white paper, which has a very pleafing effect. 
 The chimney-piece has a carved fcroll in wood, the marble 
 black and veined. The pier-glafs is large, and the frame very 
 elegant ; and over the chimney-piece is a portrait of Lady Of- 
 fory, by Hudfon. The chairs and fofas are of painted taffeta. 
 
 The French- Bed-chamber is exceedingly elegant ; the bed and 
 hangings are of a very rich belmozeen filk. The chimney-piece 
 is light and beautiful ; the cornice feftoons of gilt carving on a 
 white ground, and the cieling of the fame on a lead ground ; the 
 pier-glafs and frame, and the frame of the landfcape over the 
 chimney are very elegant. 
 
 The Dreffing Room is likewife hung with the fame filk, the 
 cieling and cornice richly ornamented with fcrolls of gilding 011 
 a white ground : the chimney-piece is all of white marble po- 
 lifhed. The doors, door-cafes, and window-fhutters, &c. are 
 all ornamented like the cieling, in white and gold. In this room 
 are four very large blue and white china jars j the two by the 
 windows are uncommonly fine. 
 
 The State Bed-chamber is mod magnificently furnifhed. The 
 bed and hangings are of very rich blue damafkj the cieling or-r 
 namented in compartments of rich gilding on a white ground. 
 The chimney-piece, of marble polifhed, is very elegant; and 
 the carved and gilt ornaments around the landfcape over it in 
 a beautiful tafte : the toilette is all of very handfome Drefden 
 work, the glafs frame, and boxes of gold. An India cabinet 
 on each fide of old japan, with coloured china jars exquifuely 
 fine. 
 
 The Dreffing Room is hung with green damafk; the chimney- 
 piece is very handfome, and the pier-glafs fine. The Drawing 
 Room is exceedingly elegant ; the cieling a Mofaic pattern of 
 rich carving on a white ground ; the chimney piece exceffively 
 
 O o 2 hand- 
 
A NE-VV DISPLAY OF 
 
 handfome, •* ?,e cornice fupported by double pillars, of very fine 
 marble. The pier-glafles immenfely large, and in one 
 -fjlate j under them moft noble flabs of Siena marble. In this 
 room are feveral exquifite paintings, particulary a landfcape by 
 Claude Lorraine, reprefenting a ihip partly appearing from be- 
 hind a building amazingly beautiful ; the diffusion of light, the 
 general brilliancy, and the harmony of the whole, are admira- 
 ble. A holy family, very fine, the turn of the boy's head is 
 inimitable. A virgin and child ; the hair of the virgin's head, 
 and her attitude are moft fweetly elegant and expreflive. A 
 Magdalen; very fine. The infide of a church; the minute 
 expre/Iion of the architecture, and the rays of light are finely 
 done. A rock, with the broken branches hanging from its 
 clefts, fuppofed to be by Salvator ; the expreffion is very noble, 
 and the romantic wildnefs of the fcene moft excellently repre- 
 fented. A holy family; the child ftanding in the cradle; a 
 very pleafing picture. Jofeph interpreting the dreams of Pha- 
 raoh, by Rembrandt ; moft admirably executed ; in a greater 
 flile than is common with this mafter. Rembrandt by himfelf j 
 inimitably done. The Duchefs of Bedford, prefenting Lady 
 Caroline to Minerva, by Hamilton ; this is a very large picture, 
 and fome of the figures not inelegantly done for this mafter. 
 
 The Saloon is moft magnificently fitted up, and elegantly 
 furniftied ; the cieling beautiful, of gilt carving on white ; the 
 door cafe finely carved and gilt, the cornices fupported by Co - 
 rinthian pillars in a noble, but light and pleafing ftile; the 
 chimney-piece of white marble, beautifully polifhed : in the 
 center hangs a magnificent lufture. Here is a fine picture repre- 
 fenting the laft fupper ; the drawing is in a free and bold (tile ; 
 and a fine piece of angels, fuppofed to be painted by Albano. 
 
 The Second Dining room is a very noble room, the cieling white 
 and gold, and the chimney piece very elegant, over which is a 
 fine landfcape. The Second Drawing-room is very elegantly 
 fitted up ; and among other pictures contains two capital land- 
 fcapes, morning and evening, by Marrat; two paintings of 
 battles ; and one of lyons, by Rubens. The Piilure Gallery is or- 
 namented by a vaft number of elegant portaits of the Rufiel fa- 
 mily ; and among thofe which are moft finely executed, are the 
 portraits of William, Earl of Bedford, the Countefs of Somer- 
 set, and Lady Catharine Brooke. The ornaments of this room 
 are all carving painted white. There are four ftatues here, one 
 of which is a Venus of Medicis, and another Venus plucking 
 a thorn from out of her foot. 
 
 Woeurn Park is one of the largeft in the kingdom, being 
 ten miles round, all walled in, and contains a great variety of 
 hill and dale, with fine woods of the nobleft oaks. We pafs 
 
 from 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 293 
 
 from the houfe through them towards the fouth, and look up the 
 great glade, which is cut through the park for feveral miles, at 
 the end of which appears a Chinefe temple. Then winding 
 through the woods we come to the Duchefs's Shrubbery, which 
 contains fixteen acres of land beautifully laid out in the modern 
 tafte, with many venerable oaks in it. From whence we advance 
 to the hill at the north end, from which is a vaft profpect into 
 Buckinghamshire, Hertfordfhire, and Bedfordfhire. Turning 
 down the hill to the left, the riding leads to the ever-green 
 plantation of above two hundred acres of land, which little more 
 than thirty years ago was a barren rabbit warren, but is now a. 
 very beautiful winter's ride, on a dry foil, with all kinds of ever- 
 greens of a noble growth. About the middle on the left hand 
 fide, is an handfome temple, retired and pleafing ; at the end of 
 this plantation, we come to the lower water, which is about 
 ten acres, and in the center is an ifland with a very elegant and 
 light Chinefe temple, large enough for thirty people to dine in ; 
 and in the adjoining wood is a kitchen, and other accommodati- 
 ons for making ready the repafts the Duke takes in the temple. 
 And in the front of the houfe is a large bafon of water, in which 
 are feveral handfome boats. 
 
 AMPTHILL 
 
 Is a fmall market-town, forty-four miles from London, plea- 
 fantly fituated between two hills, almoft in the heart of Bedford- 
 fhire. Here is a charity- fchool, and an hofpital for ten poor 
 men, who have each a confiderable weekly allowance. — This 
 place is chiefly remarkable for a large manfion-houfe, which be- 
 longs alfo to the Duke of Bedford. It was repaired and fitted 
 up in 1765, for the ufe of the late Marquis of Taviftock. It 
 was firft built by Sir John Cornwall, in the reign of King 
 Henry VI. out of the fpoils taken from the French ; but after- 
 wards came by forfeiture to the crown. Queen Katherine of 
 Arragon, fometimes refided in this houfe, after her divorce from 
 Henry VIII. The hall is adorned with a capital collection of 
 paintings by the beft Italian matters, which the late Marquis of 
 Taviftock collected whilft he was abroad on his travels. 
 
 At Houghton Park, near Ampthill, the Earl of Upper OlTory 
 has a fine feat, which was firft built by the Countefs of Pem- 
 broke. The houfe is a noble and venerable edifice, containing 
 many fine rooms ; and the gardens are laid out with much taffe 
 and magnificence. There is ftill a large pear-tree here, under 
 which the celebrated Sir Philip Sydney is faid to have written part 
 of his Arcadia. 
 
 fVeJloning 
 
294 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 Wejloning is a pleafant village, which has a venerable church, 
 that ttands in an agreeable and rural fituation. The Earl of 
 Pomfret has a feat here., 
 
 Near Sil foe is Wrest-House, a magnificent feat, with a 
 large park, which belonged to the ancient family of De Grey, 
 Dukes of Kent. It now belongs to the Earl of Hardwicke, 
 who acquired it by his marriage with Jemima Marchionefs Grey, 
 and Baronefs Lucas, who is apeerefs in her own right. In an 
 hermitage here is the following infcription, which was written 
 by a perfon who came on a vifit to this agreeable retreat. 
 " Stranger, or gueft, whome'er this hallow'd grove 
 '«* Shall chance relieve where fweet contentment dwells, 
 " Bring here no heart that with ambition fwells, 
 With av'rice pines, or burns with lawlefs love. 
 < c Vice-tainted fouls will all in vain remove 
 ** To fylvan {hades, and hermits peaceful cells ; 
 " In vain will feek retirement's lenient fpells, 
 f ct Or hope that blifs, which only good men prove 
 
 ** If heav'n-born truth, and facred virtue's love, 
 f << Which chear, adorn, and dignify the mind, 
 *' Are conftant inmates of thy honeft breaft ; 
 " If, unrepining at thy neighbour's ftore, 
 44 Thou count ? ft as thine the good of all mankind, 
 «* Then, welcome, (hare the friendly groves of Wre/l" 
 At a little diftance from hence is ehe village of Copbil/, which 
 is a pretty rural place, not far from which is a fine feat belong- 
 ing to Earl Granville, known by the name of Hawnes. 
 
 Shefford is a (mall market-town, pleafantly fituated be- 
 tween two rivulets, over each of which there is a bridge. — 
 At a little diftance from hence is Cbickfand Priory, the feat of 
 Sir George Osborne, Bart. 
 
 At Soutbill in this neighbourhood, is a fine feat of the Lord 
 Torrington's. 
 
 At Nortbill, there is a very fine window in the chancel of the 
 church, painted by Oliver ; and the redlor of that church has 
 two fmall pieces of painted glafs by the fame mafter, which 
 are of uncommon excellence. — The parifh of Sandy , near 
 Northill, is much noted for its gardens ; there are above one 
 hundred and fifty acres of land occupied by many gardeners, 
 who fupply the whole country, for many miles, with garden ftufl", 
 even to Hertford. 
 
 Cardington is a very neat and agreeable village ; moft of the 
 houfes and cottages are new-builf, all of them tiled, and many 
 of brick ; which, with white pales, and little plantations, have 
 a molt plealing effect. 
 
 BED- 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 295 
 
 BEDFORD 
 
 Is forty-eight miles from London, and is the county-town, 
 being a clean, well-built, and populous place. 7 he town, as 
 well as the county, is divided into two parts by the river Oufe, 
 which erodes it in the direction of eaft and weft ; the north and 
 fouth parts of the town are joined by a ftone bridge, which has 
 two gates. The aflizes are always held here ; and the town is 
 governed by a mayor, recorder, two bail ffi, twelve aldermen, 
 two chamberlains, and other officers. There are five churches 
 here, three on the north, and two on the fouth fide of the ri- 
 ver. The chief of them, and indeed the principal ornament of 
 the town, is St. Paul's, which had once a college of prebendaries. 
 There was a famous caftle here, which was demoliftied in the 
 reign of Henry VIII. and the fcite is now a bowling-green : it 
 ftands high and pleafant, and is reckoned one of the fineft in 
 England. 
 
 There is a good free-fchool in this town, which was founded 
 by Sir William Harpur, Lord Mayor of London in the reign 
 of Queen Elizabeth. This gentleman was a native of Bedford, 
 and new lies buried in one of the churches. Near the free- 
 fchool are two ancient hofpitals, for lazars, and an alms houfe 
 for eight poor perfons, befides a charity-fchool for forty children, 
 partly endowed, and partly fupported by voluntary fubfeription. 
 But themoft confiderable provision made for the poor of Bed- 
 ford was, a field where Bedford-Row ftands, behind Gray's Inn, 
 London, which at the time the donation was made, produced * 
 only a fmall rent, but now, by the encreafe of buildings, and 
 the expiration of leafes, is become extremely valuable. It was 
 given to the town, that the rents might be applied to the por- 
 tioning young women, when they entered into the marriage 
 ftate, and to put out poor children as apprentices. If this large 
 eftate be managed with judgment and integrity, it may be ren- 
 dered a charitable inftitution of a very extenfive and beneficial 
 nature. 
 
 Bedford fends two members to parliament, who are chofen 
 by all the freemen, the mayor being the returning officer. The 
 liberties of the corporation extend about nine miles round the 
 town. There are fome good inns here, and provifions of all 
 forts are in great plenty. There is a lace manufactory here, 
 which employs about five hundred women and girls. 
 
 The Vale of Bedford, which is a perfect flat tract of land 
 for fome miles round the town, is very rich in foil, and excel- 
 lently cultivated, producing noble crops of wheat, barley, and 
 turnips, 
 
 2 .At 
 
296 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 At Clapkam, about two miles from Bedford, is a fine feat 
 belonging to the Earl of Aftiburnham j and near it is Oakly^ a 
 feat belonging to the Duke of Bedford. At Brumbam, which 
 is on the weft fide of the river Oufe, Lord Trevor has a fine 
 feat. 
 
 Harewood, or Harold, is a place of confiderable autiquity, 
 but is now reduced to a village. Here was formerly a nunnery 
 of the order of St. Auguftine. Part of the church is ftill re- 
 maining, and appears to have been a very elegant Gothic build- 
 ing. * 
 
 BIGGLESWADE 
 
 Is a market-town, five miles from Bedford, and forty-five 
 from London. Jt is pleafantly fituated on the banks of the river 
 Ivel, over which there is a good ftone bridge ; and lighters come 
 up with coals to the town. There was formerly a fmall college 
 fur fecular priefts here. At prefent the town is in a flouriftiing 
 condition, and hasforne good inns in it, being a great thorough- 
 fare in the road from London to York. Its weekly market is 
 on Tuefday, and it is reckoned one of the greateft in England 
 fo barley. 
 
 There is a village called Warden, near Bigglefivade, where a 
 monaftery was founded for the monks of the Ciftertian order, 
 in the latter end of the reign of King Henry I. which was en- 
 dowed with lands to a confiderable value. 
 
 BEFORE we conclude this Volume, we fhall make fome 
 general remarks on the feveral Counties, in which thofe places 
 are fituated which we have already defcribed. 
 
 SURREY is bounded by the river Thames, which parts it 
 from Middlefex, on the north j by Suflex on the fouth ; by 
 Kent on the eaft ; and by Berklhire and Harnpfhire on the 
 weft. It is about thirty- four mile in length, twenty-one in 
 breadth, and one hundred and twelve miles in circumference} 
 and contains thirteen hundreds, one hundred and forty parifhes, 
 thirteen market towns, four hundred and fifty villages and ham- 
 lets, and about five hundred and ninety-two thoufand acres. It 
 lies in the province of Canterbury, and diocefe of Winches- 
 ter. 
 
 The air and foil in the middle and extreme parts of this 
 county are very different. Towards the bordeis of the county, 
 efpecially on the north-fide, near the Thames* and on tbe 
 
 fouth 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 297 
 
 fouth fide, in and near a vale called Holmfdale, that ftretches 
 for feveral miles from Darking to the county of Kent, the air 
 is mild and healthy, and the foil fruitful in corn and hay, with 
 a fine mixture of woods and fields ; but in iome parrs of the 
 county the air is rather bleak. Surrey contains many delightful 
 places, though fome parts of it conftft chiefly of open and fandy 
 ground, and barren heaths. The air of Cottman Dean, near 
 Darking, has been reputed the beft in England. The principal 
 commodities of this county are corn, box-wood, wallnuts, and 
 fullers earth. There is a kind of wild black cherry, that grows 
 about Darking, of which the inhabitants make confiderable 
 quantities of red wine, which is faid to be little inferior to French 
 claret, and much more wholefome. The county in general is 
 well provided with river fifh, and the Wandle is famous for plenty 
 of fine trout. 
 
 The rivers of this county are the Thames, the Mole, the 
 Wey, and the Wandle. The Mole rifes near Oakley, foutrw 
 weft of Darking, and running eaftward for feveral miles, along 
 the borders of Suflex, forms an angle, and directs its courfe 
 north-weft. At the bottom of a hill called 3oxhiIl, near Dark- 
 ing, the ftream difappears, and paries under ground in a place 
 called the Swallow, probably from the river being fwallowed up 
 there. From this circumftance the river is alfo fometimes called 
 the Swallow; and it appears to have derived the name Mole from 
 working its way under ground; for it is generally believed, that 
 from the bottom of Box-hill,where it is fwallowed up, it works 
 a paflage for more than two miles to Leatherhead, where it is 
 fuppofed to fpring up anew; and from whence it continues its 
 courfe northward, till it falls into the Thames, over-againft 
 Hampton-Court, in the county of Middlefex. Some late wri- 
 ters have, however, been of opinion, that the ftream of the 
 Mole is altogether loft at the Swallow, and is not the fame that 
 iifes at Leatherhead ; but rather that the waters iffue from a 
 new fpring, and that the river formed by them is another river ; 
 though from a belief of its being the fame river, it obtained 
 the fame name. The Wey rifes not far from Alton, a market* 
 town of Hampfhire, and directing its courfe eaftwards, en- 
 ters this county at Farnham, from whence it paffes in the fame 
 direction to Godalming, and there forming an angle, it runs 
 northward by Guildford, from thence to Woking, and run- 
 ning north-eaft, empties itfelf by a double mouth into the 
 Thames, about a mile from Chertfey. This river is naviga- 
 ble to Godalming, and its navigation is of great benefit to the 
 fouth-weft parts, of Surrey, by fupplying the inhabitants with 
 coals, and many other neceltaries, from London. The Wandle, 
 or Vandal, rifes at Carftialton, near Croydon, and running north, 
 
 P p with- 
 
298 
 
 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 with a fmall, but clear ft ream, falls into the river Thame; at 
 Wandfworth. 
 
 MIDDLESEX derives its name from its having been inha- 
 bited by the Middle Saxons, who were thus diftinguifhed, on 
 account of their fituation in the Middle, between the three anti- 
 ent kingdoms of the Eaft, Weft, and South Saxons, by which 
 they were furrounded. This county is bounded by Hertford- 
 fhire on the north ; by the river Thames, which divides it f;om 
 the county of Surrey, on the fouth ; by the river Colne, which 
 feparates it from Buckinghamfhire, on the weft ; and by the ri- 
 ver Lea, which divides it from the county of Effex on the eaft. 
 It extends fcarcely twenty four miles in length, about eighteen 
 in breadth, and is not more than ninety-five miles in circumfe- 
 rence; but as it comprehends the cities of London and Weft- 
 minfter, which {land in the fouth eaft part of the county, it is 
 by much the wealthier!: and moft populous county in England. 
 It is divided into fix hundreds, and two liberties ; and contains 
 two cities and five market- towns. It lies in the province of Can- 
 terbury, and diocefe of London ; and exclufive of London and 
 Weftminlter, has feventy-three parifh churches, befides chapels 
 of eafe. 
 
 The air of Middlefex is very pleafant and healthy, to which a 
 Tine gravelly foil contributes not a little. The foil produces plen- 
 ty of corn ; and the county abounds with fertile meadows and 
 gardeners grounds ; for the art of gardening, aflifted by the rich 
 compoft from London, is brought to much greater perfection 
 in this county than in any other part of England. 
 
 The rivers of this county are the Thames, the Colne, the 
 Lea, and the New River. The Thames is one of the fineftarrd 
 moft beautiful rivers in the world ; and at London, the depth 
 of it is fufficient, not only for the navigation of large (hips, 
 but for making it, what it really is, one of the greateft ports 
 for trade in the univerfe. Its water is extremely wholefome, 
 and fit for ufe in the longeft voyages, during which, it will work 
 and ferment itfelf like ftrong liquor, till it becomes perfectly 
 fine. It abounds with a great variety of fifti, among which, its 
 faimons, fmelts, and flounders are particularly admired. 
 
 ESSEX is bounded by Suffolk and Cambridgefhire on the 
 north ; by the German Ocean on the eaft : by the river Thames, 
 which feparates it from the county of Kent on the fouth; and 
 by the counties of Middlefex and Hertford on the weft. It is 
 about fifty miles in length, thirty-five in breadth, and one hun- 
 dred and forty in circumference ; and contains twenty hundreds, 
 twenty-two market-towns, four hundred and fifteen parifhes, 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 299 
 
 and one million two hundred and forty thoufand acres. It abounds 
 with corn, cattle, and wild fowl j and the north parts of it, efpe- 
 cially about SafFron-Welden, produce great quantities of faffron. 
 Abundance of oxen and fheep are fed in the marines near the 
 "Thames, and fent to the markets of London. The inhabi- 
 tants of this county have plenty of fifh of all forts from the Tea 
 and rivers ; and by the fea fide are decoys, which in the winter 
 leafon produce great profit to their owners. Towards the fea, 
 the air of this county is aguilh, though it is more fo in regard 
 to ftrangers than the natives. The principal manufactures of 
 this county are cloths and fluffs, but particularly bays and fays, 
 of which, not half a century ago, fuch quantities were export- 
 ed to Spain and the Spanifh colonies m America, to cloath the 
 nuns and friars, that there has often been a return from Lon- 
 don of 30,0001. a week, in ready money only, to Colcheter 
 and a few fmall towns round it. 
 
 The principal rivers in this county are the Stqur, the Lea, 
 the Coin, the Blackwater, and the Chelmer. The Stour rifes 
 in the north-weft part of Effex, aud running fouth eaft, fepa- 
 rates it from Suffolk, and falls into the German Ocean at Har- 
 wich. The Lea rifes in the north-weft part of the county, runs 
 almoft directly fouth, and feparating Effex from the counties of 
 Hertford and Middlefex, falls into the Thames at Blackwall. 
 The Coin rifes alfo in the north-weft part of Effex, and running 
 fouth -weft to Halfted, runs parallel to the river Stour, and paffes 
 by Colchefler, where, forming an angle, it runs fouth-fouth eaft, 
 and falls into the German Ocean, about feven or ei^nt miles 
 fouth-eaft from that town. The Blackwater rifes alfo in the 
 north-weft part of Effex, and running fouth-eaft, paffes by Brain- 
 tree and falls into the Chelmer at Maiden. The Chelmer rifes 
 within two or three miles of the fource of the river Blackwater, 
 and running nearly parallel to it, paffes to Chelmsford, where, 
 forming an angle, it runs directly eaft, and receiving the Back- 
 water, falls into the German Ocean near Maiden. 
 
 KENT is bounded by SuiTex and the Englifh channel on the 
 fouth, by the river Thames and the German fea on the north, by 
 the fame fea on theeaft, and by Surrey on the weft. This county 
 is divided into five lathes, which are fubdivided into fourteen 
 bailiwicks, and thefe again into fixty eight hundreds. A lathe 
 is a divifion peculiar to Kent and Suffex, and connfts of two or 
 more bailiwicks, as a badiwick does of two or more hundreds. 
 Kent contains two cities, and twenty- nine market-towns, e even 
 hundred and eighty villages, and about one million two hun- 
 dred and forty eight thoufand acres. It lies in the province 
 
 Pp2 Of 
 
300 A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 of Canterbury, and partly in thatdiocefe, and partly in thedio- 
 cefe of Rochefter, and has four hundred and eight parifhes. 
 
 The county is nominally divided into three diftri&s, Eaft- 
 Kent, Weft-Kent, and South-Kent ; or Upper-Kent, Midde- 
 Kcnt, and Lower-Kent. Upper-Kent, or Eaft-Kent, which 
 is in the north-eaft divifion, is faid to be healthy, but not weal- 
 thy; Lower-Kent, or the fouth parts, called alfo the Weald of 
 Kent, are laid to be wealthy, but not healthy ; and Middle Kent, 
 bordering upon London and Surrey, is faid to be both wealthy 
 and healthy. In general, as great part of this county lies upon 
 the lea, the air is thick, foggy, and warm, though often puri- 
 fied by fouth, and fouth-weft winds, andthefhore being gene- 
 rally cleaner than that of Effex, the marfhy parts of Kent do 
 not produce fo many agues in the fame degree as the hundreds of 
 Eifex ; and the air in the higher parts of Kent is reckoned very 
 healthy. The foil is generally rich, and fit for plough, pafture, 
 or meadow; and that part of the county which borders upon 
 the river Thames abounds with chalk- hills, from whence not 
 only the city of London, and parts adjacent, but even Holland 
 and Flanders, are fuppljecj with lime and chalk; and from thefe 
 hills the rubbifh of the chalk is carried in lighters and hoys to 
 the coafts of Eifex, Suffolk, and Norfolk, where it is fold to 
 the fanners as manure for their lands. 
 
 This county affords fome mines of iron, and in general abounds 
 with plantations of hops, fields of corn, and orchards of cher- 
 ries, apples, and other fruit ; it produces alfo wood and madder 
 for dyers ; and in the cliffs between Dover and Folkftone, there 
 is found plenty of famphire ; hemp and St. Foin grow here in 
 great abundance ; and the fouth and weft parts of Kent, efpe- 
 ciaily that called the Weald, are covered with woods of oak, 
 beech, and walnut trees, which afford great quantities of tim- 
 ber for {flipping and other ufes ; here are alfo many woods of 
 birch, from which the broom-makers in and about London are 
 abundantly fupplied. The cattle hereof all forts are reckoned 
 larger than they are in the neighbouring 'counties ; and the 
 Weald of Kent is rem-ikable for large cattle ; here are feveral 
 parks of fallow deer, and warrens of grey rabbits ; and this 
 county, abounding in rivers, and . being almoft furrounded by 
 the fea, is well fupplied with all manner of ilfh, and in particu- 
 lar is famous for large oyfters. 
 
 BERKSHIRE is bounded by Hampfhire on the fouth j by 
 Wiiu'hire and Glocefieifhire on the weft ; by the river Thames, 
 which divides it from Buckmghamthire and Oxfordfhire on 
 the north ; and on the eaft by Midd'efcx and Surrey. It 
 is about thirty-nine miles long, twenty- nine broad, and one 
 
 hundred 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 301 
 
 hundred and twenty in circumference ; and contains four par- 
 liamentary boroughs, twenty hundreds, twelve market-towns, 
 one hundred and forty pariflies, and fix hundred and feventy-one 
 villages. 
 
 The air of this county is healthy even in the vales, and tho* 
 the foil in general is not the moft fertile, yet the appearance of 
 the country is remarkably pleafant, being delightfully varied 
 with wood and water, which are feen at once in almoft every 
 profpecl. This county is well ftored with timber, particularly 
 oak and beech ; and fome parts of it produce great quantities of 
 wheat and barley. The whole of this county is in the province 
 of Canterbury and diocefe of Salifbury. 
 
 The river Thames wafhes more of this county than any other 
 it touches; and from this circumftance Berkfhire derives both 
 fertility, and convenience for the carriage of its commodities 
 to London, of which it fends a great many, particularly malt, 
 meal, and timber. 1 here are four other rivers in the coun- 
 ty, the Rennet, great part of which is navigable, the Lod* 
 den 9 the Ocke, and the Lambourne, a fmall ftream, which 
 contrary to all other rivers, is always higheft in fummer, {brinks 
 gradually as winter approaches, and at laft is nearly, if not 
 quite, dry. 
 
 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE is bounded by the Thames, which 
 divides it from Berkfliire on the fouth ; by Oxfordfhire on the 
 weft ; by Northamptonfliire on the north j and by Bedford- 
 fhire, Hertfordihire, and Middlefex on ihe eaft. It is thirty- 
 nine miles in length, eighteen in breadth, and one hundred and 
 thirty-eight in circumference ; and contains eleven market- 
 towns, eight hundreds, one hundred and eighty-five pariflies, 
 fix hundred and fifteen villages, and about four hundred and for- 
 ty-one thoufand acres. It lies in the province of Canterbury, 
 and diocefe of Lincoln. 
 
 This county is diverfified with pleafant woods, and fine ftreams, 
 which render it a charming retreat, Its chief rivers are the 
 Thames, the Oufe, and the Coin. The foil is very fruitful, both 
 in corn and pafture, and abounds with phyfical plants. 
 
 HERTFORDSHIRE is bounded by Cambridgefliire on the 
 north ; by Middlefex on the fouth ; by Bedfordshire and Buck- 
 inghamshire on the weft, and by Eflex on the eaft. It mea- 
 fures twenty eight miles' from eaft to weft, thirth-fix miles from 
 north to fouth, and one hundred and thirty miles in circumfe- 
 rence; and is divided into eight hundreds, in which are eighteen 
 market-towns, one hundred and twenty parifhes, and about 
 four hundred and fifty-one thoufand acres. This county is wa- 
 tered 
 
A NEW DISPLAY OF 
 
 tered by feveral rivers, the chief of which are the Lea, the 
 Coin, the Stort, the Ver, and the New River. 
 
 The air of this county is very pure, and confequently heal- 
 thy, and is often recommended by phyficians to valetudinarians, 
 for the prefervation or recovery of health. The foil is for the 
 moft part rich, and in feveral places mixed with a marie, which 
 produces excellent wheat and barley. The chief produce of this 
 county is wood, wheat, barley, and all other forts of gram ; 
 and the wheat and barley of Hertfordfhire are generally h.-ld in 
 very high eftimation. This county lies in the province of Can- 
 terbury, and partly in the diocefe of London, and partly in that 
 of Lincoln. 
 
 SUSSEX derives its name from a Saxon word which fignifi- 
 cd the iounty of the South Saxons. This county is bounded on 
 ths north by Surrey ; on the eafr, and north-eaft by Kent ; on 
 the fouth by the Britifli channel ; and on the weft by Hampfhire, 
 Jt is about fixty-five miles in length, twenty-nine in breadth, 
 and one hundred and feven in circumference. It is divided into 
 fix rapes, or lathes, each of which is faid to have had its parti- 
 cular cattle, river and foreft. It is alfo fubdivided into iixty- 
 five hundreds, wherein are reckoned three hundred and twelve 
 parifbes, one city, eighteen market -towns, and one thoufand 
 and fixty villages and hamlets. 
 
 The air of this county along the fea coaft, is aguifh to ftran- 
 gers ; but the inhabitants in general are very healthy. In the 
 north part of thecounty, bordering upon Kent and Surrey, the 
 air is foggy, but not unhealthy ; and upon the Downs it is ex- 
 ceedingly fvA/eet and pure. The foil is various, the hilly parts 
 Jefs fruitful than the others ; the vales, elpecially in that part of 
 the county called the Weald, are dirty but very fertile. On 
 the fea-coaft are very green hills, called the South Downs, well 
 known to travellers for their beautiful profpedt, but better to 
 thofe who deal in wool or fheep, there being great numbers 
 bred here, whofe wool, which is very fine, is too often export- 
 ed clandestinely to France. The middle part of the county is 
 delightfully chequered with meadows, paftures, groves, and 
 corn-fields, which produce great quantities of wheat and barley, 
 The north quarter is {haded with woods, from whence great 
 quantities of excellent timber are carried to the dock-yards, and 
 of charcoal to the iron-works, in the eaftern part of thecoun- 
 ty. — The principal rivers are the Arun, the Adur, the Oufe, and 
 the Rother. Other lefs confiderable rivers in this county are the 
 Lavani, the Cuchmeer, the Ajhburn, and the Ajlen. SufTex lies 
 in the province of Canterbury, and dioctfe of Chiceffer. 
 
 O X- 
 
THE BEAUTIES OF ENGLAND. 303 
 
 OXFORDSHIRE is bounded on the eaft by Buckingham- 
 fhire ; on the weft by Gloucefterfhire ; on the north by North- 
 amptonfhire and Warwickftiire ; and on the fouth by Berklhire. 
 It is about forty-two miles in length, twenty-fix in breadth, 
 and one hundred and thirty in circumference ; and contains one 
 city, fifteen market-towns, two hundred and eighty parifties, 
 fourteen hundreds, and about five hundred and thirty-four thou- 
 fand acres. 
 
 The air of Oxfordfliire is as good as that of any other county 
 in England j for the foil is naturally dry, free from bogs, fens 
 and ftagnant waters, and abounding with quick limpid ftreams, 
 that neceffarily render the air fweet and healthy. The foil is in 
 general very fertile, both for corn and grafs ; but there is a 
 great variety in it, and confcquently feveral degrees of fruitful- 
 nefs. There is plenty of river fifh here, of various kinds, The 
 productions of this county are cattle, fruit, free-ftone, and feve- 
 ral forts of earth ufed in medicine, dying, and fcouring ; but it 
 is thinly ftrewed with wood, and fuel is confequently very 
 fcarce. The principal rivers of this county are the Thames or 
 Ifis, the Evenlode, the Windrufh, the Tame, and the Char- 
 well. This county lies in the province of Canterbury, and dio- 
 cefe of Oxford. 
 
 BEDFORDSHIRE is bounded on the fouth by Hertford^ 
 (hire; on the north by Northamptonshire and Huntingdonfhire ; 
 on the eaft by Cambridgefhire ; and on the weft by Bucking- 
 fhire. It is about twenty-two miles in length, fifteen in breadth, 
 and feventy-three in circumference. It contains nine hundreds, 
 ten market-towns, and one hundred and twenty four parifhes, 
 five hundred and fifty villages, and about two hundred and fixty 
 thoufand acres. This county, on the north fide of the river Oufe 
 is fruitful and woody, on the fouth fide it is lefs fertile. It pro - 
 duces wheat and barley in great abundance, and of an excellent 
 kind, and i: has forefts and parks well flocked with deer, and 
 fat paftures with cattle. The air is pure and healthful, and the 
 foil in general a deep clay. The principal rivers of this county 
 are the Oufe and the I well. It lies in the province of Canter- 
 bury and diocefe of Lincoln. 
 
 The End of the First Volume. 
 
I N D E X 
 
 TO THE 
 
 COUNTIES, CITIES, MARKET- 
 TOWNS, VILLAGES, &c. defcribed 
 in this Work. 
 
 L Refers to the firft Volume, II. to the Second. 
 
 Abbot/bury II. 338 
 
 Abbots Langley 1. 284 
 
 A b erf or d II. 124 
 
 Abergavenny II. 268 
 
 Abingdon I. 242 
 
 Abingdon II. 60 
 
 Abury IL 291 
 
 Acklatn II. 134 
 
 Acomb IL 133 
 
 Atfon I. 28 
 
 A&on Burnel II. 222 
 Aldborough, Suffolk II. 49 
 Aldborough Yorkshire IL 129 
 
 Aldworth I. 241 
 
 Alford II. 78 
 
 Al fret on II. 97 
 
 Aldmonbiiry II. 132 
 
 Alnwick II. 1 8© 
 
 Alresford II. 353 
 
 Alton II. 245 
 
 Alton 
 
 Altringhani 
 
 Alvefton 
 
 Amblefide 
 
 Arnbrejburj 
 
 Amerfham 
 
 Ampthill 
 
 Amwell 
 
 Ancafter 
 
 Ancliff 
 
 Anddver 
 
 Apewood-Caftle 
 
 Appleby 
 
 Arbury 
 
 Arundel 
 
 AJhburne 
 
 AJhbridge 
 
 AJhburton 
 
 AJhby de la Zouch 
 
 Afhdon 
 
 AJkrig 
 
 n. 353 
 11. 213 
 11. 281 
 11. 193 
 11. 287 
 1. 270 
 1. 293 
 
 I. 160 
 
 II. 86 
 II. 204 
 II. 350 
 
 I 245 
 
 II. 192 
 
 II. 20 
 
 I. 227 
 
 II. 96 
 
 I. 282 
 
 n. 368 
 
 II. 68 
 I. 182 
 
 II. 129 
 jith lent 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Mhelney, JJle of II. 326 
 
 Jtherjltn II. 251 
 
 Jttleborough II. 32 
 
 Auburn II. 287 
 
 ./fW/v II. 19 
 
 Aulcejler II. 251 
 
 Auldby II. 134 
 
 Autt II. 281 
 
 Axbridge II. 322 
 
 ^W/?z II. 81 
 
 Ax?ninjler II. 361 
 
 Aylejbury - I. 271 
 
 Ayltjham II. 32 
 
 Bagfliot I. 236 
 
 Eiikeivell II. cjS 
 
 i,'.,- I. 287 
 
 Bciupton II. 372 
 
 Banbury I. 268 
 
 Banfk-d I. 82 
 
 Barham Downs I. 214 
 
 Bathvay I. 287 
 
 Barnard' s Cajile II. 169 
 
 Barnes I. 90 
 
 Barnet I 1 40 
 
 Bornjiaple II. 367. 
 
 Barnwell H. 16 
 
 Barton II. 77 
 
 Barton II. 204 
 
 Bafmgfloke II. 351 
 
 Bath II. 311 
 
 Battcrfo f. 88 
 L 223 
 
 Bawtry II. 129 
 
 B.-chy head I. 225 
 
 Beaconsfiela I. 270 
 II. 48 
 II. 132 
 
 Bedford I. 295 
 B£.DFO!.;:$E(;&E I. 303, 
 
 288 
 
 Bedwin II. 287 
 
 B r ord TI. 179 
 
 Bel ton II. 70 
 
 Bemijler II. 338 
 
 berealflon II . 371 
 
 Bere-regis **. 338 
 
 Berkeley 
 
 Berkhampflead 
 
 Berhng 
 
 BERKSHIRE 
 
 Berry Pomery 
 
 Berwick 
 
 Bethnal Green 
 
 Betley 
 
 Beverley 
 
 Beverftone caftle 
 
 Bewdley 
 
 Bicefler 
 
 Biddeford 
 
 BiggUfwade 
 
 Billefdon 
 
 Biljlon 
 
 Binbroke 
 
 Binchefter 
 
 Bingham 
 
 Birchington 
 
 Birmingham 
 
 Bijhop' s- Aukland 
 
 Bijhof s-cajlle 
 
 Bijhop's Stortford 
 
 Bifliop's Tawton 
 
 Bitford 
 
 Blackbourn 
 
 Blackheath 
 
 Blackwall 
 
 Blakeney 
 
 Blandford 
 
 Black Notley 
 
 Blechingley 
 
 Blythe 
 
 Bocking 
 
 Bodmin 
 
 Bolingbroli 
 
 Bolfover 
 
 Bolton 
 
 Bolton 
 
 Boreham 
 
 Boroughbridge 
 
 Bofcaflle 
 
 Bofcobel 
 
 Bofeham 
 
 BoJJiney 
 
 Bojlm 
 
 I. 
 
 II. 278 
 
 I. 283 
 r; 5 2 
 
 300, III 
 
 n. 37 1 
 
 II. 176 
 
 L 162 
 II, 244 
 II. 123 
 II. 281 
 II. 255 
 
 I. 2b8 
 
 H. 365 
 I. 296 
 
 II. 69 
 II. 50 
 II. 78 
 II. 17Z 
 If. 88 
 
 I. 205 
 
 n. 250 
 
 II. 170 
 11. 220 
 
 I. 285 
 
 & 37* 
 
 II. 2-51 
 
 11. 203 
 1. 63 
 
 I. 169 
 n. 35 
 
 II- 33° 
 
 I. 178 
 
 i. 81 
 
 II. 88 
 I. 178 
 
 II. 382 
 II. 75 
 II 97 
 II. 134 
 II. 203 
 
 I 173 
 II. 132 
 
 n. 390 
 
 II. 222 
 
 I. 230 
 n. 3 «4 
 
 II. 75 
 
 BoJ worth 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Bofivorth II. 69 Burdiflel II. 188 
 
 Boum Hi 78 Burford I. 267 
 
 Bowe- II. 373 2?«r£^ II. 78 
 
 Bowes II. 135 Burgh II. 102 
 
 Boxgrcve I. 229 Burgh-caftle II. 53 
 
 Boxhill I. 234 Burlington II. 129 
 
 Braintree I. 177 Buruham Deepdale II. 35 
 
 Brackley II. 58 Burnham Market II. 33 
 
 Bradford II. 287 Burnley II. 203 
 
 Bradforth II. 129 Burfter-cafile II. 53 
 
 Bramber I. 226 Burton, Lincolnjhire II. 76 
 
 Brampton II. 186 Burton, Cnmberland II. 193 
 
 Brancafter II. 35 Burton upon Trent II 243 
 
 Bratton-caftle II. 203 -Sary II. 203 
 
 Braughing I. 206 Buxton Wells II. 99 
 
 Bray T. 236 By land II. 135 
 2?r*«/ II. 373 C 
 
 Brentford I. 24 Caer Caradock II. 222 
 
 Brentwood I. 48 Caerdyke II. 59 
 
 Brewood II. 244 Caerelon II. 268, 269 
 
 Bridgecafterton II. 80 II. 287 
 
 Bridgenorth II. 219 Camberwell I. 84 
 
 Bridgford II. 91 Cambridge II. 5 
 
 Bridgewater II. 318 CAMBRIDGESHIRE 
 
 Bridport II. 334 H. 3 
 
 Brighthelmjlone I. 225 Camelford II. 390 
 
 Bristol II. 307 Campden II. 275 
 
 Brixham II. 373 Cannons hall I, 36 
 
 Bromley, -E^** I. 75 Canterbury I. 202 
 
 Bromley, j&rnf I. 75 Cardington I. 294 
 
 Bromley Pagets II. 244 Carefbrook-caftle II. 357 
 
 Bromfgrove II. 256 Carlisle II. 183 
 
 Bromyard II. 265 Cartmel II. 200 
 
 Brofeley II. 223 Car&alton I. 80 
 
 Brougb II. 194 Caftle-Acre II. 35 
 
 Brougham II. 194 Caftle-Camps II. 19 
 
 Broughton II. 59 Cajlle -Carey II. 323 
 
 Brownfover II. 253 Cattle- Hedingham I. 183 
 
 Buckfaftleigh II. 374 Cajlle Rifmg 1. 35 
 
 Buckingham I. 271 CaftleTreiyn II. 391 
 
 Cafton II. 33 
 
 Caftor II. 36 
 
 II. 50 Cattarick II. 135 
 
 II. 82 Caxton II. 17 
 
 II. 186 Cerne Abbey % 338 
 
 II. 214 Chard II. 323 
 
 II. 50 Chapel in the Frith II. 97 
 
 I. 286 a 2 Charley 
 
 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE 
 
 I. 301, 130 
 
 Buddefdale 
 Bullin^s 
 Bulnefs 
 Bunbury 
 Bungay 
 Bunting ford 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Charley II. 
 
 Charlton 1. 
 
 Charlton I. 
 
 Chatham I. 
 
 Cbeadle II. 
 
 Chedder Cliffs II. 
 
 Chelmsford I. 
 
 Chelfea I. 
 
 Cheltenham II. 
 
 Cheping Ongar I. 
 
 Chepjl&w II. 
 
 Cherley II. 
 
 Chertfey I. 
 
 Chdhunt I. 
 
 CHESHIRE II. 
 
 Chefilhurft I. 
 
 Chefil Bank II. 
 
 CheReViN0rthampt0f7JIj.il. 
 
 Chefter, Northumberland 
 II. 
 
 Chester II. 208, 
 
 203 
 68 
 230 
 198 
 244. 
 326 
 170 
 146 
 275 
 
 47 
 268 
 
 70 
 
 92 
 
 157 
 
 206 
 
 76 
 
 339 
 60 
 
 Chefterfield II. 
 
 Chefterford I. 
 Chefter in the Street II. 
 
 Chefterton II. 
 
 Cheviot-hills II. 
 
 Chichester I. 
 
 Chegford Jl. 
 
 Chigwell I. 
 
 Chunky II. 
 
 Chingford I. 
 
 Chippenham Jl. 
 
 Chipping Norton I. 
 Chipping Warden II. 
 
 Chiiwick I. 
 
 Chrift-Church II. 
 
 ChriJI-Chureh \\. 
 
 Church Stretton II. 
 
 Chudleigh II. 
 
 Cirencejlcr jl. 
 
 Clapham I. 
 
 Clare \\. 
 
 Clarendon Park II. 
 
 Clay II. 
 
 Clayhill II. 
 
 Cley brook II. 
 
 Qlerbury II. 
 
 180 
 214 
 
 96 
 182 
 172 
 
 16 
 180 
 228 
 374 
 
 37 
 373 
 
 37 
 286 
 267 
 
 60 
 
 45 
 269 
 
 352 
 
 2S0 
 
 37 2 
 274 
 
 84 
 
 5i 
 293 
 
 33 
 293 
 
 70 
 
 221 
 
 Chfton 
 
 Clithero 
 
 Cophill 
 
 Cockermouth 
 
 Cogglejhall 
 
 Colchejler 
 
 Colebrook Dale 
 
 Colford 
 
 Collerton 
 
 Colejhill 
 
 Colnbrook 
 
 Colne 
 
 Columb Magna 
 Columbton 
 Comb Martin 
 Congleton 
 Conington 
 Con ifbo rough 
 Copford 
 Coquet IJland 
 Corby 
 
 Corfe-cajlle 
 
 CORNWALL 
 
 Cofham 
 
 Coffington 
 
 Coventry 
 
 Crakenthorp 
 
 Cranbourne 
 
 Cranbrook 
 
 Cranham 
 
 Cray ford 
 
 Crediton 
 
 Crekelade 
 
 Crewhrn 
 
 Cromer 
 
 Crofcomb 
 
 Crowland 
 
 Croydon 
 
 Crumford 
 
 Cuckold's Haven 
 
 Culliton 
 
 CUMBERLAND 
 D 
 
 Dagenham 
 Dale-Abbey 
 
 Dalton 
 Darting 
 
 hi 133 
 
 • 203 
 
 X. 264 
 
 11. 184 
 
 I. 176 
 
 I. 18S 
 
 II. 223 
 II. 276 
 II- 7° 
 
 II. 250 
 
 I. 134 
 II. 203 
 II- 39° 
 II- 372 
 
 II. 3^7 
 II. 21 f 
 II. 24 
 II. 132 
 
 I. 182 
 II. 181 
 II. 78 
 II- 337 
 II. 375 
 II. ?93 
 II. 7° 
 IL 246 
 II- i94 
 
 II. 33 8 
 
 I. 217 
 
 I- 5* 
 
 I- 7 1 
 
 II. 369 
 p. 288 
 
 II- 324 
 
 II. 32 
 
 II. 324 
 
 II. 76 
 
 I. 79 
 II. ios 
 
 II- 133 
 
 II. 373 
 II. 182 
 
 I. 52 
 II. 102 
 it 203 
 
 I. 234 
 
 Darling- 
 
INDEX 
 
 Darlington 
 
 Dartford 
 
 Dartmoor-forreft 
 
 Dartmouth 
 
 Datchet 
 
 Daventry 
 
 Deal 
 
 Debenbam 
 D eddlngton 
 Dedbam 
 Deptford 
 Derby 
 
 DERBYSHIRE 
 
 • Dereham 
 Devil's-arfe 
 Devizes 
 
 DEVONSHIRE 
 
 Dodbrook 
 
 Doncafier 
 
 Dorchefter 
 
 Dorchejler 
 
 Dorn 
 
 Dornford 
 
 DORSETSHIRE 
 
 Dovebridge 
 Dove-dale 
 Dover 
 Dover-court 
 
 Downbam 
 
 Downs 
 
 Downton 
 
 Drayton 
 
 Droitw'ub 
 
 Dronfeld 
 
 Dulverton 
 
 Dulwich 
 
 DunmoVJ 
 
 Dunn'mgton 
 
 Dunjiable 
 
 Dunftanburgh-caftle 
 
 Dunfter 
 
 Dunwich 
 
 DURHAM 
 
 Durham 
 
 DurJJey 
 
 E 
 
 Eaft Burnham 
 
 II. 169 
 
 I. 70 
 
 II. 373 
 
 II. 364 
 
 I. 130 
 II. 57 
 
 t. 211 
 It, 51 
 I. 268 
 
 I. 187 
 I- 57 
 
 ». 94 
 
 n. 93 
 
 II. 32 
 
 II. 10 1 
 11. 287 
 
 M. 359 
 11. 32 
 
 n. 372 
 11. 122 
 
 I. 269 
 
 II. 328 
 11. 257 
 11. 24 
 
 IT. 327 
 II. 253 
 ft. 105 
 
 i. 211 
 
 I. 101 
 
 33 
 
 I. 210 
 
 n. 288 
 
 II. 221 
 11. 256 
 
 11 97 
 
 11. 324 
 1. 77 
 1. 178 
 u. 79 
 
 I. 289 
 
 II. 181 
 
 tl 3 2 3 
 
 II. 50 
 
 II. 165 
 
 II. 166 
 
 II. 279 
 
 I. 132 
 
 Eaft Grlmftead 
 
 Eaft Ham 
 
 Eaji Harling 
 
 Eaft Ilfey 
 
 Eaft Redford 
 
 Eaft Sheen 
 
 Ebchefter 
 
 Ecelejhal 
 
 Ecclejion 
 
 Eden Hole 
 
 Edgehill 
 
 Edgware 
 
 Edmonton 
 
 Egham 
 
 Egremont 
 
 Ellejdon 
 
 Elftree 
 
 Eltham 
 
 Ely 
 
 Enbourne 
 
 Enfield 
 
 Epping 
 
 Epfom 
 
 Erith 
 
 EOier 
 
 ESSEX 
 
 Eton 
 
 Ever/hot 
 
 Evejham 
 
 Ewel 
 
 Exeter 
 
 Exton 
 
 Eye 
 
 F 
 
 Fairford 
 
 Fairn ljlands 
 
 Fakenham 
 
 Falmouth 
 
 Far bam 
 
 Farnham 
 
 Farnham 
 
 Farrihgdon 
 
 Fenny Stratford 
 
 Fcverfoam 
 
 Find on 
 
 Flamftead 
 
 Fleet 
 
 I. 22f 
 
 IL 33 
 1. 241 
 
 II. .88 
 
 I. 90 
 II. 172 
 
 II. 244 
 
 II. 203 
 II. 99 
 
 II. 2 53 
 I. 141 
 I. I56 
 
 L f u 
 
 II. i8fr 
 
 II. 179 
 
 I. 141 
 
 I. 7 6 
 
 II. S 
 
 I. 239 
 
 i. 156 
 
 f. 4& 
 
 82 
 70 
 
 I. 
 I 
 
 t 9 I 
 
 I. 29 8 » 33 
 I. 130 
 II. 338 
 II. 256 
 I. 82 
 II. 360 
 II. 65 
 II. 50 
 
 II. 276 
 II. 181 
 
 n- 33 
 11. 385 
 
 353 
 
 L 132 
 I. 232 
 
 t 2<o 
 
 L 28 r 
 
 !• 201 
 
 !• 226 
 I. 284 
 II. 80 
 
 ■Hodden 
 
INDEX 
 
 FlodJcn II. 181 
 
 Falkflone I. 2T4 
 
 Falkingham II. 78 
 
 Fordingbridge II. 353 
 
 Fotiljham II. 33 
 
 Fatvey II. 385 
 
 Framlingham II. 48 
 
 Framplon II. 338 
 
 "Frelhwater II. 357 
 ffiojjham II. 212, 214 
 
 Frame Selwood II. ^20 
 
 Fuiford II. 
 
 Fuih«m> I. 
 G. 
 
 Gad's Hill I. 
 
 Gfllns borough II. 
 
 Gar/rang II. 203 
 
 Gait on I. 8r 
 
 Gcdriej ^ II. 81 
 
 Giant's Cattle II. 394 
 
 Giglcfvvick II. 133 
 
 Gimminolsam II. 
 
 G'f horrid II. 
 
 Gifborongh II. 
 
 Glandford Bridge II. 
 
 Glaftonbury II. 
 
 Gloucester II. 
 GLOUCESTERSHIRE 
 
 II. 270 
 
 Godahnln 
 Godmanchefter 
 Godftone 
 
 5* 
 *33 
 89 
 
 200 
 
 75 
 
 Godftow 
 
 Gold Cliff 
 
 Goodrich 
 
 G of port 
 
 Gotham 
 
 Greiwpont 
 
 Grai;tha?n 
 
 Gravefend 
 
 Great Dean 
 
 G> eat Ad at low 
 
 Great Wakham 
 
 Greenhithe 
 
 Greenfted 
 
 (7 reemvich 
 
 Grivfoy 
 
 I. 
 II. 
 I. 
 I 
 
 II. 
 
 35 
 129 
 
 127 
 
 79 
 
 3*9 
 
 273 
 
 22,2 
 
 24 
 81 
 
 259 
 269 
 
 II. 266 
 
 n. 350 
 
 11. 
 11. 
 11. 
 
 1. 
 n. 
 
 1 
 
 1. 
 
 1. 
 
 1. 
 
 1. 
 11. 
 
 90 
 
 389 
 74 
 73 
 
 2 7 s 
 269 
 
 175 
 
 73 
 48 
 
 59 
 75 
 
 Gudelion II. 397 
 Guilcfborough ' II. 60 
 
 Guildford I. 233 
 
 Gurnard's Bay II. 358 
 
 Hackney I. 161 
 
 Hadlcy I. 193 
 
 Had ley II. 51 
 
 Haddock I. 182 
 
 Ha Hat on II. 69 
 
 Halldown II. 375 
 
 Hale f worth II. 51 
 
 Flaliifax II. 116 
 
 Hal/lead I. 185 
 
 Halton II. 211 
 
 Hahwhijlle II. 179 
 
 HAMPSHIRE II. 341 
 
 H imp/lead I. 29 
 
 Haibledovvn I. 202 
 
 Harborough II. 68 
 
 Harcwood I. 296 
 
 Harlaxton II. 80 
 
 Harlejlon II. 33 
 Harrow on the Hill I. 141 
 
 Hartland J I. 369 
 
 Hartlepool II. 170 
 
 Harwich h 188 
 
 Haflemere I. 232 
 
 Haflingdon \\. 203 
 
 Hajlings \. 224 
 
 Hatfield I. J 39 
 
 Hat her ly \\. 373 
 
 Havant II. 353 
 
 Haver ill II. 51 
 Havering at Bower I. 49 
 Hawkefi)ead ""'II. 201 
 
 Headon il. 128 
 
 Heddington II. 292 
 
 Hedingham Caftle L 183 
 
 Hedingham Sible I. 184 
 
 HeJmefley IL 1 32 
 
 Heljlon II. 384 
 
 Hempfied I. 284 
 Henhault, Foreft of I. 38 
 Henley upon Thames I. 269 
 
 . II. 251 
 
 Hereford II. 263 
 HERE- 
 
INDEX.- 
 
 HEREFORDSHI . 262 
 
 Hermitage II. 340 
 
 Hertford \. 160 
 HERTFORDSHIRE 
 
 h 301, 134 
 
 Hexham II. 179 
 
 Hexton I. 287 
 
 Hcytejbury II. 288 
 
 Hiberfton II. 80 
 
 Hi Ming II. 33 
 
 Higham, Kent I. 200 
 Higham, Leiceflerjhire II. 69 
 
 Higham Ferrers II. 58 
 
 Highcrofs II. 252 
 
 Highgate I. 30 
 
 High JViccomb j. 27 
 
 Highway th If. 288 
 
 Hil'ingdon I. 134 
 
 Hinckley I[. 69 
 
 i/iWwi IJ. 288 
 
 Hingham II. 34 
 
 Hitching I. 287 
 I. 215 
 
 Hoddefdon \. 159 
 
 Holbeach I J . 78 
 
 Holme JJJe of J. 19 1 
 
 /fr/f II. 34 
 
 Holy Ifland II. 181 
 
 Honiton II. 365 
 
 Hook-Norton I. 267 
 
 Hornby II. 202 
 
 Huthersfield 
 
 Icklingham 
 
 Ilchefter 
 Itfordcomh 
 liminjler 
 Ingatffone 
 
 I. 
 
 II. 132 
 
 Horncaflle 
 Hornfey 
 Horrfey 
 Horfey ) ljle of 
 Horjham 
 Horfted 
 Hculfworthy 
 Howden 
 Hoxton 
 Humington 
 Hungcrford 
 Hunfdou 
 Huntingdon 
 
 II. 76 
 
 I- 31 
 
 IP - 129 
 
 I. 191 
 
 I. 231 
 
 II. 35 
 
 II- 373 
 
 II. 126 
 
 I. 154 
 
 II. 81 
 
 L 239 
 
 I. 285 
 
 II. 22 
 
 Ifleworth 
 Iflingtoa 
 Ivingo 
 Ixworth 
 
 Jerby 
 
 J. 
 K. 
 
 II. 
 II. 
 II. 
 II. 
 
 L 
 II. 
 
 I. 
 
 I. 
 
 I. 
 II. 
 
 si 
 
 3*9 
 
 36S 
 
 3^3 
 174 
 
 46 
 
 24 
 150 
 282 
 
 51 
 
 II. 186 
 
 HUNTINGDONSHIRE 
 
 II. 21 
 
 HurfteCaftle II. 354 
 
 Kellington 
 Kelvedon Hatch 
 Kendall 
 Kenelworth 
 Kennington 
 Kenfington 
 KENT I. 
 Kentifh Town 
 Kefwick 
 Kettering 
 Ketton 
 Kew 
 Keyland 
 Keynjham 
 Kidderminjler 
 Kilburne 
 Kilham 
 Kimbolton 
 Kineton 
 King/bridge 
 Kingfclere 
 Kingfland 
 King's Langley 
 Kingjhn upon Hull 
 Kingflon upon Thames 
 Kingfwood Foreft 
 Kinver 
 
 Kirby Moorfide 
 Kirkby Long/dale 
 Kirkby Steven 
 Kirkby Thore 
 Kirkham 
 
 389 
 39 
 
 m 
 
 *5 
 141 
 
 57 
 150 
 
 ii 5 
 
 57 
 
 65 
 12 
 
 32* 
 
 25 s 
 29 
 127 
 
 2 3 
 251 
 
 37 2 
 353 
 J 55 
 284 
 119 
 
 95 
 280 
 
 243 
 130 
 
 m 
 193 
 194 
 
 203 
 
 Kirkleci 
 
 II. 
 
 i. 
 11. 
 11. 
 1. 
 r. 
 299, 
 1. 
 11. 
 11. 
 11. 
 1. 
 11. 
 p. 
 iL 
 1. 
 11. 
 11. 
 11. 
 11. 
 11. 
 1. 
 r, 
 11. 
 1. 
 11. 
 11. 
 11. 
 11. 
 11. 
 11. 
 11. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Kirklees II. 136 
 
 Kirknam II. 205 
 
 Brk Ofwald II. 186 
 
 Kirk ton II. 79 
 
 Knarefiorougb ' II. 127 
 
 Knottesford II. 213 
 
 Ky nan's Cove H- 395 
 
 Xyneton II. 26s 
 L. 
 
 Lambeth I. 85 
 
 Lam born I. 38 
 
 Lambourne I. 240 
 
 Lamerton II. 373 
 
 LANCASHIRE II. 195 
 
 Lancajler II. 197 
 
 Lanchefter II. 172 
 
 Langport II. 322 
 
 Latham II. 205 
 
 Lavenham II. 5 1 
 
 Lavington II. 288 
 
 Laughton 31. 132 
 
 Launcejhn II. 382 
 
 Lea II. 81 
 
 Learmouth II. 179 
 
 Ledbury H. 265 
 
 Lee I. 66 
 
 Leeds II. 117 
 
 Leek II. 243 
 
 Leicefter II. 66 
 
 LEICESTERSHIRE 
 
 II. 66 
 
 Leigh II. 293 
 
 Leigbton Buzzard I. 289 
 
 Leith-hill ■ I. 234 
 
 Lemington II. 352 
 
 Leominjler II. 264 
 
 Lejkard II. 383 
 
 Leftwitbie! II. 383 
 
 Letehlade II. 278 
 
 Levens II. 195 
 
 Levington II. 53 
 
 Lewes I. 222 
 
 Lewifham I. 76 
 
 Leyton I. 54 
 
 Lidford II. 374 
 
 Lime II. 333 
 
 Lincoln II. 72 
 
 LINCOLNSHIRE II. 71 
 
 Linton II. 17 
 
 LITCHFIELD II. 239 
 
 Littleborough II. 90 
 
 Little Chefter II. 102 
 
 Little Ilford I. 53 
 
 Liverpool II. 199 
 
 Loddon II. 34 
 
 Longton II. 186 
 
 Loughborough IL 68 
 
 Loughton H. 40 
 
 Louth II. 75 
 
 Lowejioff II. 5 r 
 
 Lndlow II. 218 
 
 Luggerjhall II. 288 
 
 Luton \. 288 
 
 Lutterworth II. 68 
 
 Lylborn II. 60 
 
 Lynn Regis II. 30 
 M 
 
 Macclesfield II. 210 
 Madern H. 393, 397 
 
 Maiden Bradley II. 293 
 
 Maidenhead I. 236 
 
 Maid/long I. 220 
 
 Maiden \. 192 
 
 Malmsbury H. 286 
 
 Malpas II. 212 
 
 Ma It on II. 127 
 
 Malvern-hills II. 257 
 
 Mam Tor II. 99 
 
 Manchejler IL 198 
 
 Maningtree I. 188 
 
 Mansfield II. 87 
 Mansfield Wood-houfe 
 
 II. 90 
 
 Margaretting I. 175 
 
 Margate I. 206 
 
 Market Deeping II. 78 
 
 Market Jew \l. 390 
 
 Market "Overton IL 65 
 
 Market Rafen IL 79 
 
 Malborough II. 286 
 Malborough-doWns II. 294 
 
 Marjhfield II. '^78 
 
 Maryland II. 134 
 
 Martin I. 83 
 Marwoea 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Marwood II, 169 
 
 Majham II. 131 
 
 Matlock II. 102 
 
 Maxtoke II. 7.52 
 
 Med ford H. 53 
 
 Melborn II. 102 
 
 Melcomb Regis II. 335 
 
 Melton II. 68 
 
 Mendeljham II. 52 
 
 Mendip-hills II. 324 
 
 Mere II. 288 
 
 Methwold II. 34 
 MIDDLESEX I. 298, 20 
 
 Middleuich II. 212 
 
 Midhurjl I. 23 Q 
 
 Mid/am II. 131 
 
 Milbourn Port II. 321 
 
 MildenhaU II. 52 
 
 Mile End I. 163 
 
 Milton, in Kent I. 200 
 Milton, in Dorfetjbire II. 338 
 Minching Hampton II. 279 
 
 Minehead JI. 321 
 
 Minfter I. 205 
 
 Miftley Thorn J. 188 
 
 Mitcham I. 83 
 
 Modbury II. 372 
 Monk's Rifborough I. 270 
 
 Monkton I. 205 
 
 Monmouth II. 267 
 MONMOUTHSHIRE 
 
 JI. 266 
 
 MonfalDale II. 106 
 
 Moor, The II. 269 
 
 Morefby II. 190 
 
 Moreton II. 373 
 
 Morpeth II. 179 
 
 Mortlake I. 90 
 
 Morton in Marjh II. 279 
 
 Morva II. 392 
 
 Moulton II. 371 
 
 Mountforel II. 69 
 
 Moufehole II. 390 
 
 MufwellHill I. 31 
 N. 
 
 Namptwicb II. 210 
 
 Nafeby II. 59 
 
 Naveftock L 39 
 
 Needha?n II. 52 
 
 Nefliam II, 171 
 
 Newark II. 87 
 
 Mew Bftckenham II. 33 
 Newbury I. 238 
 
 Newcajlle II. 177 
 
 Newcajlle under Line II. 240 
 Newent II. 279 
 
 New-fbreft - II. 354 
 
 Newhaven I. 225 
 
 Newingtorv Butts I. 88 
 Newington Stoke I. 156 
 Newmarket II. 18 
 
 Newnham-Regis II. 253 
 Newport , Shropjhire II. 220 
 Newport, Monmouthjh. II. 268 
 Newport , 0/* Wight II. 356 
 Newport, Cornwall II. 390 
 Newport Pagnell I. 281 
 
 New Shoreham I. 226 
 
 Newftiam- abbey II. 81 
 Newton, Lancajhire II. 201 
 Newton, IJle of Wight II. 357 
 Newton Bujhel II. 373 
 
 Neyland II. 52 
 
 NORFOLK II. 25 
 
 iVor*£ Allerton II. 124 
 
 Northampton II. 56 
 
 NORTHAMPTONSHIRE 
 II. 54 
 
 North Curry II. 324 
 
 Northfleet I. 73 
 
 North-Foreland I. 214 
 
 Northill I. 294 
 
 North leech II. 277 
 
 North Shields II. 180 
 
 NORTHUMBERLAND 
 
 iVarw Waljham II. 34 
 
 Northwicb II. 211 
 
 Norwich II. 26 
 
 Norwood I. 79 
 
 Nottingham II. 85 
 
 NOTTINGHAMSHIRE 
 
 II. 84 
 
 Nuneaton II. 251 
 
 b Ockley 
 
INDEX.- 
 
 O 
 
 Ockley 
 
 Odiham II, 
 
 Offtari 
 
 Okeham 
 
 Okehampton 
 
 Oldbury 
 
 Old Sarum 
 
 Old Windf^ 
 
 Omby 
 
 Orford 
 
 Ormjk'irk 
 
 Orion 
 
 Ofweflry 
 
 Otlcy 
 
 Oitery 
 
 Qulney 
 
 Oundle 
 
 Overburrow 
 
 Qxendon 
 
 Oxenhall 
 
 Oxenhead 
 
 Oxford 
 
 OXFORDSHIRE 
 
 Padfloiy 
 
 Painfwicb 
 
 Pancrafs 
 
 Parjhore 
 
 Partington 
 
 Paunton 
 
 Petkham 
 
 Pembridge 
 
 Pendennis 
 
 Penhidge 
 
 Pen Park Hole 
 
 Penrith II, 
 
 Penryn 
 
 Pensford 
 
 Pen%ance 
 
 Peterborough 
 
 Petersfield 
 
 Peterlham 
 
 Petworth 
 
 Pevenfey 
 
 Peivet, IJle of 
 
 V 233 
 353' 354 
 II- 53 
 II. 64 
 If. 369 
 II. 281 
 II. 285 
 
 I. 130 
 II. 81 
 
 II. 49 
 II. 202 
 II. 193 
 II. 219 
 II. 13? 
 
 IJ- 37i 
 I. 281 
 II. 57 
 II. 204 
 II. 59 
 II. 171 
 
 II. 35 
 I. 242 
 
 V 3°3> 
 242 
 
 II. 389 
 
 n. 277 
 
 I. 149 
 
 II. 257 
 11. 131 
 11. 80 
 
 I. 84 
 
 II. 265 
 n. 402 
 
 }|- 243 
 11. 2H0 
 185, 189 
 11. 386 
 11. 324 
 
 11. 389 
 11. 55 
 
 5- 351 
 1. 19 
 
 1. 231 
 
 1. 225 
 
 1. i 9 i 
 
 Philip's Norton 
 
 Pickering 
 
 Pitchforth 
 
 Plymouth 
 
 Plimpton 
 
 Pocklington 
 
 Pontefratt 
 
 Pontepool 
 
 Pool 
 
 Pool's Hole 
 Poplar 
 
 Porchefter-caftle 
 
 Portland Jjland 
 
 Port/mouth 
 
 Poulton 
 
 Pre/cot 
 
 Prejlon 
 
 Prince's Ri (borough 
 Puckle Church 
 Purbeck JJland 
 Putney 
 
 Ram fey 
 Ravenglafs 
 Reading 
 Readfdale 
 Redburne 
 Redruth 
 Repeham 
 Reudlefham 
 Ribchefter 
 Richmond 
 Richmond 
 Rickmanfworth 
 Ringwood 
 Ripley 
 Rippon 
 Rochdale 
 Rochester 
 Rochford 
 Rockingham 
 Roehampton 
 Romford 
 Rofjc 
 Rothbury 
 Rotheram 
 Roth Will 
 
 R 
 
 If? 323 
 lli 130 
 II. 223 
 II. 362 
 II, 368 
 II. 131 
 II. 125 
 II. 269 
 
 II- 33 2 
 II. 100 
 
 I. 169 
 II. 346 
 
 n. 339 
 
 II. 346 
 
 II. '10% 
 II. 202 
 II. 200 
 
 I. 27O 
 II. 28l 
 II. 34O 
 
 I. 89 
 
 II. 23 
 II. 185 
 
 I- 237 
 II. 180 
 
 I. 284 
 II- 390 
 
 II. 34 
 
 II- 53 
 
 II. 204 
 
 I. *3 
 II. 125 
 
 I. 134 
 II- 352 
 II. 130 
 II. 125 
 
 II. 202 
 
 i- 194 
 1. 193 
 ii. 58 
 
 I. 90 
 
 i- 51 
 
 II. 264 
 11. 179 
 11. 130 
 11. 58 
 
 Royjlon 
 
i tf o f I 
 
 Hoyjlon 
 Rugby 
 Rugeley 
 Rumney 
 Rumfey 
 
 II. 18 
 
 ft. 251 
 II. 243 
 I. 216 
 
 it 352 
 
 Runny Mead I. no 
 
 Rundway Hill II. 292 
 RUTLANDSHIRE II. 63 
 
 Rye I. 223 
 
 Ryegaie I. 235 
 S 
 
 Saffron Walden I. 180 
 
 Salisbury II. 284 
 
 Saltafh II. 385 
 
 Salt fleet II. 79 
 
 Sandbach II. 212 
 
 Sancred II. 397 
 
 Sandown Caftle II. 357 
 
 Sandwich I. 208 
 
 Sanghill II. 213 
 
 Sarre I. 205 
 
 Saver nach-foreft 1 1. 293 
 
 Saxmundham II. 52 
 Scarborough II. 1 22, 134 
 
 SciUy, 1 (lands of II. 403 
 
 Scriveliby-hall II. 82 
 
 Seaforth I. 225 
 
 Seaventhale II. 190 
 
 Seeching II. 34 
 
 Segs-hill II. 71 
 
 Selby II. 131 
 
 Settle II. 131 
 
 Sevenoke I. 22 1 
 
 Shaft/bury II. 329 
 
 Sharpnor Gaftle II. 357 
 
 Sheffield II. 120 
 
 Shefford I. 294 
 
 Shepton Mallet II. 323 
 
 Shipwajh II. 373 
 Sherborne^ Torkjhire II. 128 
 Sherborne, Dorfetjhire II. 330 
 
 Shields II. 171 
 
 Shillingflon II. 338 
 Shipton upon Stower II. 257 
 
 Shooter's Hill I. 67 
 
 Shorne I. 199 
 
 Shrew/bury II. 216 
 
 SHROPSHIRE II. 215 
 
 Sidmouth II. 372 
 
 Silchefter II. 353 
 
 Sithney II. 391 
 
 Skiptori II. 130 
 
 Sleaford II. 79 
 
 Snaith II. 131 
 
 Snetham II. 34 
 
 Sodbury Chipping II. 277 
 
 Soham II. 17 
 SOMERSETSHIRE II. 305 
 
 Somcrton II. 82 
 
 Somerton II. 323 
 
 South Foreland I. 213 
 
 Southampton If. 348 
 
 Petherton II. 322 
 
 South Weald I. 48 
 
 Southwell II. 88 
 
 Southwold II. 52 
 
 Spalding II. 77 
 
 Sperle II. 35 
 II. 80 
 
 Spinney II. 19 
 
 Stafford II. 24 r 
 STAFFORDSHIRE II. 237 
 
 St. Agathus II. 135 
 
 St. Agnes II. 391 
 
 5/. y//^/zj I. 136 
 
 Stalbridge 1 1. 338 
 
 Stamford \\, 74 
 
 Stdndon I. 285 
 
 Staines I. no 
 
 Stanley Leonard II. 276 
 
 Stanton II. 79 
 
 Stanton Dre\tf II. 326 
 
 Stapleford I. 39 
 
 St.Auflle II. 390 
 
 St. Burien H. 390 
 
 St. Cleere H. 393 
 
 5/. Edmunds Bury H. 48 
 
 Stepney I. 166 
 
 Stevenage I. 284 
 
 St. Faiths II. 35 
 
 5/. Germans II. 388 
 
 St. Helens II. 357 
 5/. /</«, HuntingdonJb.lL 22 
 
 b 2 £f. Aw 
 
INDEX 
 
 5/. Ives, Cornwall 
 
 St. Julian 
 
 St. Juft 
 
 St. Mary's 
 
 St. Maws 
 
 St. Michaels 
 
 St. Michael's Mount 
 
 St. Neots 
 
 Stockbridge 
 
 Stockport 
 
 Stockton 
 
 Stoke Newington 
 
 Stokejly 
 Stone 
 
 Stone-henge 
 
 Stony Stratford 
 
 St. Ofyth 
 
 Stourbridge 
 
 Stow 
 
 Stowey 
 
 Stow Market 
 
 Stow on the Would 
 
 Stratford le Bow 
 
 Stratford upon Avon 
 
 Stratton 
 
 Stretham 
 
 Stroud 
 
 Stroud 
 
 Sr. Vincent's Rock 
 Sturbridge 
 Stnrminjler Newton 
 Sudburv 
 SUFFOLK 
 Sunderland 
 Sunning Hill 
 SURREY I. 
 SUSSEX I. 
 Suthbury Hill 
 Sutton 
 
 Sutton Cofield 
 Swaf ham 
 Swanfcomb 
 S wave fey 
 Swindon 
 
 T 
 
 Tadcafler 
 Tamworth 
 
 II. 387 
 II. 269 
 II. 392 
 
 II- 353 
 
 II. 388 
 
 II. 388 
 
 II. 388 
 
 II. 22 
 
 II- 35° 
 II. 212 
 II. 170 
 I. 156 
 II. 130 
 II. 242 
 II. 289 
 
 I. 281 
 
 I. 191 
 
 II. 16 
 II. 81 
 II. 324 
 II. 52 
 II. 277 
 
 I. 169 
 II. 249 
 II. 390 
 
 I- 79 
 
 I. 198 
 II. 277 
 
 II. 280 
 II. 256 
 
 II. 338 
 II. 49 
 H. 45 
 II. 169 
 
 I. 129 
 296, 5 
 302, 221 
 
 II 294 
 Jl. 90 
 II. 249 
 II. 32 
 *. 73 
 II. .9 
 II. 288 
 
 II. 131 
 II. 241 
 
 Tandridge 
 Taploe 
 Tatterjhal 
 Taviflock 
 Taunton 
 Temple Bruet 
 Tenbury 
 Tenterden 
 Tetbury 
 Tewkefbury 
 Thame 
 
 Thanety Ifle of 
 Thaxted 
 Theobalds 
 Thetford 
 
 Theydbn Gernon 
 Theydon Mount 
 
 Thirfk 
 
 Thong-Cajlor 
 Thornbury 
 Thome 
 Thorney 
 Thrapjfon 
 Thurgarton 
 Tickhall 
 Tidefwell 
 Tilbury Fort 
 Tiverton 
 Topjham 
 Torbay 
 Torkfey 
 Torrington 
 Totnefs 
 
 I. u 
 
 I. 132 
 
 II. 79 
 II. 372 
 II. 316 
 II. 82 
 II. 257 
 
 I. 216 
 TL 280 
 II. 275 
 I. 268 
 I. 204 
 I. 180 
 
 I. 158 
 
 II. 31 
 I. 46 
 
 I. 40 
 
 II. 129 
 II. 78 
 
 II. 278, 281 
 II. 126 
 II. 19 
 II. 57 
 II. 9© 
 II. 128 
 II. 97 
 
 I- 75 
 II. 366 
 
 II. 372 
 
 J|« 374 
 II. 8 1 
 
 II. 371 
 
 II. 370 
 
 Tottenham High Crofs I. 31 
 
 Totteridge I. 141 
 
 Towcejier II. 58 
 
 Towting I. 83 
 
 Tredonock II. 269 
 
 Tregony II. 396 
 
 Treyrrr II. 401 
 
 Trefcaw II. 394 
 
 Tring t. 282 
 
 Trowbridge II. 289 
 
 Trumpington II. 20 
 
 Truro II. 386 
 
 Tunbridge I. 21 J 
 
 Tunbridge Wells I. 218 
 Tupham 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Tupham II. 81 
 
 Tutbury II, 242 
 
 Tux/ord It 89 
 
 Twickenham I. 20 
 V 
 
 Vauxhall I. 87 
 U 
 
 Vlvertdn If. 202 
 
 Uppingham II. 65 
 
 Upton IL 257 
 
 Ujk H. 269 
 
 Uttoxeter II. 243 
 
 Uxbridge I. 134 
 W 
 
 Wainfleet II. 77 
 
 Wakefield II. 1 21 
 
 Walderfhire I. 211 
 
 Wall II. 244 
 
 Wallingford L 241 
 II. 241 
 
 Walfmgham II. 34 
 
 Waltham II. 352 
 
 Waltham- Abbey I. 41 
 Waltham on the Would II. 69 
 
 Walthamftow I. 33 
 Walton upon Thames I. 93 
 
 Wandfworth I. 89 
 
 Wanfdyke II. 291 
 
 Wanftead I. 34 
 
 Wantage I. 241 
 
 Wardbn I. 296 
 
 Wardbridgt II. 390 
 
 Ware I. 159 
 
 Wareham II. 336 
 
 Warkworth II. 181 
 
 Warminfter II. 288 
 
 Warrington II. 201 
 
 Warwick II. 248 
 WARWICKSHIRE II. 246 
 
 Watchet II. 321 
 
 Watford I. 135 
 
 Watton II. 34 
 
 Weather by II. 126 
 
 ^5f% II. 265 
 
 Wedon II. 60 
 Weeting All -Saints II. 35 
 
 Welles II. 35 
 
 Wellingborough II. 59 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Wells 
 
 Wem 
 
 Wenlock 
 
 Weftbury 
 
 Weft-Cowes 
 
 Weft-Ham 
 
 Weft-Kennet 
 
 Weft- Loo 
 
 Wefl-Maling 
 
 II. 220 
 
 II. 3*5 
 II. 220 
 II. 220 
 II. 289 
 II- 357 
 
 I. 55 
 II. 291 
 
 II. 387 
 I. 220 
 
 WESTMORELAND 
 
 II. 191 
 
 Wefton Favel II. 60 
 
 Weftoning I. 294 
 
 Weft Waltham t 45 
 
 Weybridge I. 93 
 
 Weymouth II. 33b 
 
 Whitby II. 128 
 
 Whitchurch, Salop II. 2Z0 
 Whitchurch, Hampjhirell. 351 
 White Hart Foreft II. 339 
 White Horfe Hill I. 240 
 Whitehaven II. 184 
 
 Whitney I. 266 
 
 Whitton II. 59 
 
 Wickware II. 279 
 
 Wigan II. 202 
 
 Wight, Ifieof II. 355 
 
 Wighton II. 126, 131 
 
 Wigtown II. 186 
 
 Willoughby on the Would 
 
 II. 89 
 
 Willoughby Brook II. 7 1 
 Wilton II. 285 
 
 WILTSHIRE II. 282 
 Wimbleton I. 89 
 
 Wimborn Minjler II. 337 
 Wincaunton II. 324 
 
 Winchcomb II. 279 
 
 Winchelfea I. 224 
 
 Winchester II. 342 
 Wind/or I. Ill 
 
 Winllow I. 281 
 
 Winfter II. 97 
 
 Winfton II. 172 
 
 Wirkjworth II. 96 
 
 Wijbeach II. 18 
 
 Witham 
 
INDEX. 
 
 tfctbam I. 176 
 
 Wivelfcomb ll. 324 
 
 Woburn I. 290 
 
 Wodenfborough I. 210 
 
 Wokey-hole II. 325 
 
 TVoking I. 235 
 
 Jfolverbampton II. 242 
 
 TVoodbridge II. 49 
 
 Woodchefter II. 280 
 
 Woodcote I. 81 
 
 Woodford I. 36 
 
 Woodjluh I. 260 
 
 Wooller II. 179 
 
 Woolfthorpe II. 82 
 
 Wqplwich I. 69 
 
 Wooton Bajfet II. 289 
 
 Worcester II. 254 
 WORCESTERSHIRE 
 
 1I< 253 
 
 Warkfip II. 87 
 
 #^*r 11. 32 
 
 Wotton I. 234 
 
 Wotton under Edge II. 279 
 
 Wragby H. 82 
 
 Wrekin-hill II. 232 
 
 Wrinton II: 233 
 
 Wroxeter II. 221 
 
 Wymoridbam II. 34 
 
 2^r«w II. 130 
 
 Yarmouth^ Norfdlk II. 29 
 
 Yarmouth, IJJe of ffightll. 357 
 
 Tox&y II» 23 
 
 Yeovil II. 320 
 
 York j|. 113 
 
 YORKSHIRE ll. no 
 
 York- Would II, 133 
 
INDEX 
 
 TO THE 
 
 ROYAL PALACES, and NOBLE^ 
 MEN's and GENTLEMEN'S SEATS, 
 of which Defcriptions are given in this 
 Work. 
 
 A 
 
 Abercorn, earl of, his feat near Witham I. 176 
 
 Akeover* Mr. Akeover's II. 109 
 
 Albyns, Sir Anthony Thomas Abdy's J. 39 
 
 Alnwick Caftle, duke of Northumberland's II. 181 
 
 Althorp, lord Spencer's II. 61 
 
 Anthony, the feat of the Carews II. 403 
 
 Apfley's, lord, Modingham I. 66 
 
 Arundel Caftle, Duke of Norfolk's J. 227 
 
 Afhburnham, earl of Afhburnham's I. 225 
 
 Aftley's, Sir Jacob, at Melton Conftable II. 36 
 
 Auberies, Mr. Andrew's I. 185 
 
 AudleyEnd, Sir John Griffin Griffin's I. 181 
 
 Aynfcomb's, Mr. at St. Leonard's-hill I. 129 
 
 B 
 
 Bacon's, Mr. at Walthamftow I. 33 
 
 Badmington Magna, duke of Beaufort's II. 281 
 
 Bagfhot Park, earl of Albermarle's I. 236 
 
 Bailey's, earl of Godolphin's I. 132 
 
 Barrington Hall in EiTex I. 38 
 
 Bathurft's, lord, near Cirencefter II. 282 
 
 Beaumont Lodge, Colonel Montague's I. 1 30 
 
 Bedford's, duke of, at Ampthill I. 29 
 
 Beltyfe 
 
I N D E 
 
 X. 
 
 Belfyfe, late earl of Chefterfields's J. 
 Belton, ladyCuft's II. 
 Belvidere houfe, Sir Sampfon Gideon's I. 
 Belvoir caftle, duke of Rutland's II. 
 Bifhop's hall, Mr. VVaylett's I. 
 Bifhopfthorp, archbifhep of York's 
 Blackwell's, Mr. near Lewifliam 
 Blenheim houfe, duke of Marlborough's 
 Boughton, duke of Montagu's 
 Bowles's Mr. Cannons hall 
 Braxted lodge, Mr. Du Cane's 
 Bridgewater's, duke of, at Afhbridge 
 Brompton Bryan caftle, earl of Oxford's 
 Brookes's, Mr. at Boley hill 
 Bruce caftle, Alderman Townfcnd's 
 Brumham, lord Trevor's 
 Buckden Palace, bifhop of Lincoln's 
 Burleigh houfe, earl of Exeter's 
 Burleigh on the hill, earl of Winchelfea's. 
 
 Caernarvons, marquis of, feat at Southgate 
 Canewood, lord Mansfield's 
 Cafhiobury park, earl of Effex's 
 Caftle Afhby, earl of Northampton's , 
 Caftle Howard, earl of Carlifle 
 Cave, Sir G. M. Metham's 
 Chatsworth, duke of Devonfhire's 
 Chiffinch's, Mr. near Northfleet 
 Chifwick, the late earl of Burlington's 
 Clandon park, lord Onflow's 
 Clapham, earl of Afhburnham's at 
 Claremont, lord Clive's 
 Clay's, Mr. at Golden hill 
 Cliefden houfe, earl of Inchiquin's 
 Cobham hall, earl of Darnley's 
 Cold hall, Mr. Holden's 
 Combe abbey, lord Craven's 
 Copped kail, Mr. Conyers's 
 Cowdry, lord Montacute's 
 Cranbourne lodge, duke of Gloucefter's 
 Cranham hall, General Oglethorpe's 
 Crowes, Mr. at Keplin 
 
 D 
 
 Danby's Mr. feat at Swinton 
 Dawney Court, Sir Charles Palmer's 
 Deux hall, Mr. Lockwood's 
 Ditchley, earl of Litchfield's 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Ditton Park, lord Beaulieu's 
 Douglas's, general, near Waltham 
 Drayton houfe, lord George Germaine's 
 Duncombe Park, Mr. Duncombe's 
 Durdans, earl of Guildford's 
 Dyne's-hall, Mr. Sperling's 
 Dy fart's, earl of, at Ham 
 
 E 
 
 Egremont, earl of, his feat at Petworth 
 Ellerker's, Mr. at Rifby 
 Efher place, the late Mr. Pelham's 
 Eufton hall, duke of Grafton's 
 
 F 
 
 Felix hall, Mr. Matthew's feat at 
 Foot's Cray place 
 Ford abbey, Mr. Gwin's 
 Formark hall, Sir Robert Burdett's 
 Fotheringhay cattle 
 
 G 
 
 Geddy hall, Mr. Benyon's feat at 
 Goodwood, duke of Richmond's 
 Gordon's, Mr. at Boley hill 
 Gorhambury, lord Grimftone's 
 Goring houfe, Mr. Bofanquet's 
 Gosfield hall, lord Clare's 
 Granard's, lord, at Langley green 
 Greenfted hall, Mr. Roboiter's 
 Grimfthorpe, duke of Ancafter's 
 Grofvenor's, Mr. atWalthamftow 
 Guildford's, earl of, in Walderfhire parifh 
 Gunnerfbury houfe, princefs Amelia's 
 
 H 
 
 Hackfall, Mr. Aiflabie's feat at 
 Haddon hall, duke of Rutland's 
 Hagley park, lord Lyttleton's 
 Hallden, lady Chudleigh's at 
 Ham Farm, earl of Portmore's 
 Hamilton's, Mr. at Debden green 
 Hampton court 
 
 Hamfted Marfliall, lord Craven's 
 Harrington's, earl of, at PeterfJbam 
 Hartlebury cattle, bifhop of Worcefter's 
 Hafelbeech, Mr. Aihby's at 
 Hatfield houfe, earl of Salifbury's 
 Hawnes, earl Granville's 
 Heddingham caftle, Sir Harry Hoghton's 
 Hide, the, Mr. Brapd's 
 
 I. 131 
 I. 176 
 II. 62 
 II. 151 
 I. 82 
 I. 185 
 I. 20 
 
 I. 231 
 II. 156 
 I. 91 
 
 H. 54 
 
 I. 176 
 I. 7 i 
 
 H- 374 
 II. 108 
 II. 59 
 
 I. 51 
 1. 229 
 
 i 194 
 
 J- J39 
 \- 54 
 I. 178 
 I. 132 
 I. 48 
 II. 83 
 
 J- 34 
 li 2ir 
 1. 28 
 
 II. 161 
 
 II. 109 
 
 II. 258 
 
 IJ- 375 
 
 }f 93 
 I. 41 
 
 I. 96 
 
 L 239 
 
 I. 19 
 
 II. 257 
 
 II. 61 
 
 I. 140 
 
 t 294 
 
 I. 1 84 
 
 t 174 
 
 High- 
 
 1 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Highland's, Mr. Comyns's 
 Hill-hall, Sir Charles Smith's 
 Hitcham houfe, lady Windfor's 
 Hoare's, Mr. near Boreham in Effex 
 Holkham houfe, countefs of Leicefter's 
 HolfH Pierpont y Duke of Kingfton's 
 Honeywood's, general, at Markfhall 
 Houghton hall, earl of Orford's 
 Houghton p^rk, earl of Upper Offory's 
 Howlets, Sir Thomas Pym Hales's 
 
 I 
 
 Ingateftonehall, Lord Petre'sfeat at 
 
 J 
 
 Jones's, Mr. feat at Charlton 
 
 K 
 
 ICeddleftoUe hall, lord Scarfdale's feat at 
 Kelvedon hall, Mr. Wright's 
 Kenfington palace 
 Kew palace 
 
 Kimbolton caftle, duke of Manchefter's 
 King's, lord, at Ockham 
 Knowle, duke of Dorfet's 
 Knowfiey houfe, earl of Derby's 
 
 L 
 
 Lambeth palace 
 
 Lamb's, the late Mr. feat near Fairford 
 Langham's, Sir James, at Croffwick 
 Langleys, Mr. TuffnellV 
 Langley Park, duke of Marlborough's 
 Leafowe's, the late Mr. Shenftone's at the 
 Leeds's, duke of, at Kiveton 
 Lee's court, lord Sondes's 
 Leyton-manor houfe, Mr. Blaydon's 
 Lulworth-caftle, Mr. WiHes'a 
 Luton Hoo, earl of Bute's 
 
 M 
 
 Marble hall, earl of Buckinghamfhire's feat 
 
 Melcombe's, lord, at Eaftbury 
 
 Melford hall, Sir Cordell Firebrace's 
 
 Mereworth caftle, lord Defpenfer's 
 
 Methley, lord Mexborough's 
 
 Miles's, Mr. Luther's 
 
 Miftley hall, Mr. Rigby's 
 
 Montagu's, duke of, at Boughton 
 
 Moor park, Sir Lawrence Dundafs's 
 
 More's, Mr. at Leyton 
 
 Moulfliam hall, Sir William Mildway's 
 
INDEX 
 
 Mount Edgcombe, lord Edgecumbe II. 403 
 
 Mailman's Mr. at Dagenham I. 52 
 
 N 
 
 Naveftock, earl of Waldegrave's I. 39 
 
 New hall, lord Waltharr.'s I. 172 
 
 Newftead abbey, lord Byron's II. gi 
 
 Nottingham caftle II. q 2 
 
 O 
 
 Oatiand's, duke of Newcaftle's feat at I. o? 
 
 P V 
 
 Page's, the late Sir Gregory, feat at Blackheath I. 65 
 
 Pain's hill, Mr. Hamilton's I. 109 
 
 Palmerftone's, lord, at Eaft Sheen I. 90 
 
 Parker's, Mr. near Waltham abbey I. 45 
 
 Percy's lodge, earl of Tankerville's L 132 
 
 Perry's, Mr. at Pcn&urft I. vi8 
 
 Pirgo, lord Archer's I. 51 
 
 Pococke's, Sir George, at Twickenham I. 23 
 
 Pole'?, colonel, at Radburn U. 109 
 
 Pomfret's, earl of, at Eafton Nelfon II. 6.2. 
 
 Pope's, the late Mr. at Twickenham I. 90 
 
 Portland's, duke cf, at Welbelk II. 91 
 
 Port's, Mr. at Ham IT. 110 
 
 Powis's, Mr. at Weft Coppice II. 237 
 
 Prior park, the late Mr. Allen's II. 326 
 
 Profpedt houfe, Mr. Moxam's I. 37 
 
 R 
 
 Raby caftle, earl of Darlington's feat at IT. 172 
 
 Rainham hail, lord Townlhend's II. 36 
 
 Rockingham caftle, lord Sondes's If. 62 
 
 Rook by, Sir Thomas Robinfon's II. 151 
 
 S 
 
 Sandwich's, earl of, feat at Hinchinbrook II. 25 
 
 Says court, Sir John Evelyn's I. 57 
 
 Seymour's, Mr. at Sherborne II. 340 
 
 Sheffield place, Mr. Holroyd's I. 221 
 
 Sherborne lodge, lord Digby's II. 340 
 
 Sidney's, Mr. at Margaretting I. 175 
 
 Sion boufe, duke of Northumberland's I, 17 
 
 Somerhill I. 219 
 
 Spencer's, lord, at Althrop II. 61 
 
 Ditto's, at Wimbledon I. 89 
 
 Stanftead Park, earl of Halifax's f. 230 
 
 Stanton Harold, earl Ferrer's II. 71 
 
 Steven's, Mr. at Weft Cowes II. 357 
 
 Stoke houfe, Mr. Penn's I. 132 
 
 S;ourton park, Mr. Koare's II. 304 
 
 Stow, 
 
INDEX, 
 
 Stow, earl Temple's I» 272 
 
 St. Ofyth Priory, earl of Rochford's I. 191 
 
 Strawberry hill, Mr. Walpole's I. 22 
 
 Studley Park, Mr. Aiflabie's II, 159 
 
 Styleman's, Mr. at Snetfham II. 36 
 
 Swinley lodge I. 129 
 
 T 
 
 Talbot's, Mr. feat at Stonecaftle I. 72 
 
 Tawftock, Sir Bourchier W ray's ll. 375 
 
 Temple Newlham, lord Irwin's II. 156 
 
 Theobald's I. 158 
 
 Thorney abbey II. 19 
 
 Tillies's, Mr. near Saltafh II. 403 
 
 Tong caftle, duke of Kingdon's II. 237 
 
 Tcrrington'sjord, at Southill I. 294 
 
 Towers's, Mr. at South Weald I. 48 
 
 Trevor's, lord, the late lord, at Peckham I. 84 
 
 Turner's, Mr. Kirkleatham II. 150 
 
 V 
 
 Valentine's, Mr. Raymond's feat at I. 53 
 
 Vauxhall gardens I. 87 
 
 W 
 
 Wakefield lodge, duke of Grafton's feat at II. 62 
 
 Waldcgrave's, countefs of, at St. Leonard's hill I. 129 
 
 Wanficad houfe, earl Tylney's I. 35 
 
 Warky's, the laie Mr. Carter's I. 45 
 
 Warner's, Mr. at Woodford-row I. 37 
 
 Wentworth caftle, earl of Stafford's II. 136 
 
 Wentworth houfe, marquis of Rockingham's II. 139 
 
 Wilton, earl of Pembroke's II. 294 
 
 Windfor caftle I. 112 
 
 Windfor lodge I. 127 
 
 Woburn abbey, duke of Bedford's I. 290 
 
 Woollaton hall, lord Middleton's II. 92 
 
 Worklbp manor, duke of Norfulk's II. 91 
 
 Wreft houfe, earl of Hard wicke's I. 294 
 
 Wrottefly's, Mr. at Hovingham II. 156 
 
 Y 
 
 York's, Mr. feat'at Richmond II. 1 57 
 
I 
 
 ■I