-V < j I It. t oc^ u Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 https://archfve.org/details/vocabularyofmalaOOmaso VOCABULARY OF MALAYSIAN BASKET- WORK; A STUDY IN THE W. L. ABBOTT COLLECTIONS BY OTIS T. MASON Head Curator, Department of Anthropology, U. S. National Museum No. 1631. — From the Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Vol. XXXV, pages 1-51, with Plates I-XVII Published November 7, 1908 % . .« « Washington Government Printing Office 1908 VOCABULARY OF MALAYSIAN BASKET- WORK: A STUDY IN THE W. L. ABBOTT COLLECTIONS BY OTIS T. MASON Head Curator, Department of Anthropology, U. S. National Museum No. 1631.— From the Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Vol. XXXV, pages 1-51, with Plates I-XVII Published November 7, 1908 Washington Government Printing Office 1908 VOCABULAEY OF MALAYSIAN BASKETWORK: A STUDY IN THE W. L. ABBOTT COLLECTIONS. By Otis T. Mason, Head Curator, Depatdment of Anthropology, U, 8.- National Museum. INTRODUCTION. This vocabulary is the result of studies in large collections of bas- ketwork from the Andamans and Nicobars, the Peninsula of Malacca, Sumatra and the islands thereabout, and Borneo south of Sarawak, with the view of having a lucid nomenclature in describing the Abbott specimens more at length in a larger work. The collec- tions Avere personally gathered and presented to the United States National Museum by Dr. William L. Abbott, of Philadelphia. The Abbott collections are of greatest scientific A^alue as types, because after studying the wants of the Museum he labeled each specimen carefully according to the latest requirements, and they come in the most opportune time to compare with the A^ast material noAv being sent from the Philippines. The Abbott collections also ally themselves Avith the textile handicrafts of Japan, China, the southeastern Asiatic states, and the islands of the Pacific. The terms “ basketry ” and basketAvork ” are here taken to em- brace all handicrafts used in the manufacture of Malaysian baskets proper and in other industries as Avell, in which the same technical processes occur. Later will be shown the A^aried and wide applica- tion of the terms. The Avord Malaysia is preferred to Malaya, since the latter, as com- monly used, is more restricted. The term also leaATS room for tlie racial diversities kiioAvn to exist from the Philippines to the Sunda Islands. Plate I shoAvs hoAv difFerent in form, structure, and technic the Malaysian basketAvork is. The figures on the jilate, beginning at the left, are fii’st, a carrying basket (Cat. No. 282()38, U.S.N.M.), in close oblique checker Aveaving, of pandaiius. At the 'border the elements are turned doAvn over a hoop and iiiAATiATii. The carrying zone is bound by tAvo small stems run through the texture, forming a band Proceedings U. S. National Museum. Vol. XXXV— No. 1 631 . I’roe. X. M. vol. xxxv — 08 1 4 PROCEEDIXG.S OF THE XATIOXAL MUISEUM. VOL. XXXV. Malays: General brown people, in many subdivisions, ethnic and cultural. Mincopi: Aborigines of Andaman Islands. Xiasese: Of Xias Island, west of Sumatra. Xicobarese. (See Sliompeng.) Sakais: On the Malay Peninsula. Sellungs: In Mergui Archipelago, west of Malay Peninsula. Semangs: An aljoriginal i)eople of Malacca Peninsula. Sliompeng: Aborigines of the Xicobar Islands. VOCABULARY. Ahhreviations . — If they are to be used, the following rules are suggested: In bibliography, those adopted for the International Catalogue would be the best. For special basketry expedients the letter x may stand for an indefinite number, as in the sentence, “ At the upsett, about the carrying band, and on the borders of burden baskets, x rows of clo.se work are added for additional strength.” There would be no obscurity in putting ver., hor., dex., and sin. for vertical, horizontal, dextral, and sinistral, in de.scribing the in- tricate technic of certain classes of basketwork. Also, in describing twilled work, the fractional formula may be employed, for example, "2 dex. under-two-over-one,” could be q-; or hor. = — ^ would mean ‘‘the ’ 1 ’ sm. horizontal splits all pass under the dextral and over the sinistral splits.” Care should be taken to explain what is meant by an ab- breviation and to have it signify always the same idea. Dr. J. Lehmann reduces the whole nomenclature of loomless textiles (Gellechtsarten ) to formulae, in which Koman and Arabic numerals, capitals, and lower-case type, and Greek letters are employed to show at a glance the most intricate textures. Added farts . — Include all attachments for adapting baskets to their specialties. The betel basket will have pockets for the different substances; at the bottom of the bolo basket will be a block of spongy wood to receive the ]:>oint ; the bird cage, the fish basket, the protector for hot food, will all be fitted for their several functions. Amhong . — General Malay name for a carrying or burden basket. Aid . — The Malaysian basket-makers practice something like sew- ing and make hundreds of fine holes for the rattan filaments that do the work of thread. The holes are made with piercers (see Pierced work)., but as the effect is produced by a thrust, with revolutions, the instruments will be described and illustrated under Drill. (See Plate IV.) Backpad . — A smooth piece of spathe or bark sewed on the side of a burden basket that is worn against the naked back of the carrier. Though this type of basket has rounded body, the squared foot and xo. 1 G 31 . roCABVLARY OF MALAYSfrAY BA8KETWORK—MASOX. 5 framework and the fixed backpad make it proper to speak of sides. (See Plate III.) Bajus. — In Nias, jackets made of hark cloth, which see. Bamboo skin. — The outer skin of young bamboo stems, when peeled off and properly cured, is used like spathe and bast for making hats and for other smooth textures. Bamboo work. — To the natives of Malaysia, bamboo stems serve the double use of receptacles and as the basis and material for much basketry technic. Bamboo is the common name for the large tree-like grasses belonging to the genus Bambusa, of which more than thirty species are known. Some send up canes from their rhizomes 50 to GO feet high in a single season. In others, one of the hollow internodes may reach a foot in diameter and more than 3 feet in length. The bamboo canes are employed for no end of uses in Malaysia, both whole and split. Masts, sails, mats, roofs, walls, floors, furniture, and the finest baskets are made from stems, leaves, and finely-shredded outer skin. Bark cloth. — The bast, or inner bark, of Ficus bicuspis and other exogens is beaten into tapa, narrow strips of which form the harness for attaching the burden basket to the body of the carrier. Barkwork. — The various uses of bark in the basket-making art — outer bark and inner bark of exogens, both natural and textilized. The large bracts of leaves and spathes of flowers and the green skin of bamboo stems do most excellent service in the making and fitting of receptacles. (See Tapa.) These substances are rounded with the grain as they grew on the plant or across the grain and wrapped about a mold. They are cut into large pieces, to be made into hats or into strips to be woven. (See Plate I.) Basketwork. — The basket, in Malaysia as elsewhere, is a receptacle and a vehicle. The myriad utensils there performing these functions go by the general name of basketry. The numberless varieties of loomless handicrafts in flexile materials to be found in and on bas- kets may be grouped under the word “ basketwork.” These same processes in other associations may bear different names. In mate- rials, Malaysian jieoples would have barkwork, canework, leafwork, rootwork, spathework, and stemwork. Or, if necessary, one could speak of bamboo work, “ ejoo ” work (meaning the long, black, tough hairs on the wine palm), palm-leaf work, pandanus work, rattan work, and as many more kinds as there might be substances fui*- nishing the chief material. In all these operations there is the attempt to produce a utensil or to imitate its j)rocesses on or in something else. Looked at from the naturalist’s point of view, all the things here in mind have structures and functions, and may be studied as specimens for scientific investi- gation. In structure, the objects are made of flexile, or flexible mate- 6 PROCEEDING.^ OE THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXV. rials, into this, that, or the other; but one characteristic remains — the material is pliant and pliable and is used by bending it into place. Another step in the structural history of textiles before reaching the functional stage, may be called the “ technic,” under Avhich the material becomes a knot, a braid, a chain, a tAA’ine, a AA^eft, a coil, a lacing — all done by hand, AA'ithout loom or other substitute for hand- Avork, and all assembled as contributors in that intricate composition called basket A\mrk. Tender function, tAAm things come to pass: The true basketAAmrk multiplies its offices and becomes AA^alls, tloor, matting, and roof for the house : hat, shoe, garment, and adornment for the body ; covering and ottering for the dead ; the minister of industries and decoratiA^e arts, Avhere it is no longer receptacle nor A^ehicle. (See Uses.) It is in this broad acceptation that the Avord basketAVork is here used. AVhateA^er processes have been absorbed by the basket-maker Avill be taken into consideration, no matter if they be employed else- Avhere. Indeed, some of the prettiest examples of basketAvork are to be found on shields, shafts of spears, hilts of edged Aveapons, and in jAersonal ornaments. They also furnish motiA^es for the carver and ])ainter. The term “ Malaysian basketAvork ” Avill be made comprehensive enough to cover all textile Avork that is loomless. As one example among many, the bamboo stem is not basketAvork, but (1) its joints are made into receptacles and vehicles; (2) basketAvork Avill be put on them before they can be useful; and (3) the tough and flexible and beautiful outer surface renders a Avide range of textile services. The same may be said of the pandanus and other leaves, Avhich lend themselves to basketry, so everything made of them may be studied in basketAvork. Marsden (p. 55) says that baskets, “ bronong baccole,” are a con- siderable part of the furniture of a Sumatran house and the number is the token of the OAvner’s Avealth. In them his harvests of rice or pepper are gathered and brought home. They are made of slices of bamboo connected by means of split rattans, and are carried chiefly by the Avomen, on the back, supported by a string or band across the forehead. Bastwork . — ( See Barhwork. ) Beading. — Kibbon-like strips of pretty material run into open basketAvork, for decoration. Bejuco . — Also Behuco. (See Calamus.) Belaying . — The process thus named by sailors is used by the Abbott peoples as an ornamental knotAvork on the borders of baskets, Avhich seems to be the original meaning of overlaying. The Dyak basket- makers tuck the moving part under the passive parts in passing and NO. 1631. VOCABULARY OF MALAYSIAN BASKETWORK— MASON . 7 make a kind of false braid or knotwork. (See also Figure-of-8 work.) Captain Tozier calls it “overhand-knot in single strand.” Betel basket . — One of the forms of basketry on which the Malay- sian craftswoman expends her utmost skill. Betel is chewed uni- versally after the manner of tobacco. The quid is made up of betel nut, pepper leaf, and dry slaked lime. Marsden says (p. Y4) that the “ penang,” or betel-nut tree, is in growth and appearance not unlike the cocoanut. The betel is the astringent seed of this palm l^Areca catechu)^ about as large as a nutmeg. Large plantations are made of the “ siri ” {Piper betel ) , a creeping plant, whose leaf, of a- strong aromatic flavor, they wrap about the nut, dip in powdered^ lim.e, and put into the mouth. The basket for holding all these and the utensils that belong with them is quite an exquisite affair, hung to the belt. (See figs. 31, 32.) Bird Cage . — See Technic. Body . — The part of a basket above the bottom, for which all other ]oarts exist and to which they are attached. The materials, shapes, structural parts and their relations, technics, attachments, and decora- tions demand the closest study, inasmuch as they furnish the best means for classification. Okey speaks of the body as “ sides.” This is quite proper in Malaysia, since a large proportion of the baskets are attached to the person and have back and front and sides differ- entiated. Especial notice should be taken of the relations which added parts bear to the body. In some examples they are worked in when the body is forming; in others they are added afterwards. (See Carrying basket., Cover., Framework., OrnaAnentation., Rim., Technic., Upsett^ Warp^ Weaving^ Weft.) Cat. No. 221534, U.S.N.M., Plate II, is a burden basket from Siaba Bay, Nias Island, west of Sumatra, illustrating in an excellent man- ner the diversified technic that may be connected Avith it. 1 . The body is a cylinder of rattan in three forms and Avoven in three directions. The horizontal elements are thin hoops; the right obliques are slender splits latticed on tlie hoops half an inch apart and slightly inclined ; the left obliques are the active uniting elements, being also slender splits, going inside the hoops and outside the right obliques, lying fiat against the former and making a tAvist or curl around the latter each time one is passed. The loAver portion of the body is in quite open Avork, but above the strengthening hoop the technic is as close as possible. 2 . The attachments and accessory technics to the body of this speci- men are many, {a) The foot is a hooj), Avhose 0 A^erla])ping ends are joined by wrapping and Avhich is held on by a seAving in long stitches. {b) The frameAvork consists of uprights of rattan s])lits doubled over the hoop of the carrying zone, lashed to the body and to the bottom by a series of Malay knotAvork. 8 PROCEEDIXaS OF THE XATTOXAL }fUSEU^r VOL. XXXV. 8. CaiTving parts are the stout liooj) on tlie body a few inches from the top, answering to a hoop on the inside, for backing, and all held to the body technic hy a series of knots. On the two uprights that limit the back of the body are knotted loops, or grommets, for the carrying band of soft bark cloth. 4. Borderwork Avill always l)e a chief point of interest. In this exam])le it consists of two half hoops of rattan fitted against the upper rim of the body, a thin piece of rattan laid over the joint, and all neatly bound Avith tAvo sets of knots close together, their connect- ing splits pi'ettily interAvoven. In other examples three or more sets .*of knots produce broad bands of ornamental Avork by their ihter- AveaAung. Fkl 1. — Close, oblique checkerwork with inwoven border, showing finished basket AND DETAIL OP BORDER. B ordemcorlc . — If the upper margin of the body technic in a basket be called “rim,” borderAvork Avill apply to that great variety of treat- ment bestoAved by Malaysiaii basket-makers upon the margin, or rim. Some of the American Indian Avomen were not far behind them.® It is the jDart receiving the most scrupulous care on account of strain and stress, but it offered to decorative motives their best oppor- tunities. Here Avill be found braidAvork, coiledAvork, hoopAVork, knotAvork, and tAvinedAvork. All at once the basket-maker is thinking hoAV best to fasten off body technic at the rim ; Avhat technic shall the distinctive borderAvork receive. Here terminates also the frame- Avork, here rests the coA^er, and hoAv shall they all be harmonized. Practically, borders are checker, double-hoop, tAvo-hoop, thin hoop, sloping shoulder, Avrapped, moused, interlocking helical, and iiiAvoven. See Eimnoiis, ]Mem. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York, 1003, III, Pt. 2. NO. 1631 . VOCABULARY OF MALAYBIAY BABKET^YORK—MABOY[. 9 Cat. No. 232672, U.S.N.M. (fig. 1.), is an example of oblique checkerwork in pandanus leaf, and the accompanying drawings show the detail of bending downward and tuck-in at the border. The basket-maker has achieved two good results ; she has given a neat and safe finish and, by turn- ing checker into f twill, adds the ornamental feature of variety. There is no end of the ways in which the Malaysian basket-makers do their tucked borders. (See also Plates I, XVII, and figs. 2-6. Cat. No. 244280, U.S.N.M. (fig. 2), shows an example of figure- of-8 borderwork on plain checker or in wicker. The borderwork movement of each split is seen in the upper drawing {a). The result of using two splits of different colors is given in front {h) and back (c) view in the drawings. Cat. No. 221538, U.S.N.M. (fig. 3), illustrates borderwork in which are combined a pretty braided effect on the upper margin with loops deep enough to take in several rows of body technic. This is often necessary not only for strengtli, but to cover uji stiff', unsightly ends ever obtruding themselves in the bamboo and rattan country. PROCEEDlXaS OF THE XATIOXAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXV. 10 Cat. Xo. 232030, U.S.X.M. (fig. 4), is borderwork in which a row of stitf warps are turned down betAveen tAvo half hoops of rattan, the Avhole bound together by tAA’o series of Malay knotAA^ork and the ugly gap betAA^een the hoops covered by three roAvs of wrapped Aveft done in the tops of the turns in the Malay knots. The upper draAv- ing {a) shows side AueAv of the w a r p s, h o o p s, knot series, and the covering of the space betAveen hoops. The loAver (h) gives a top vieAv of the three Avrapped Avefts so interlaced as to produce a three-strand braid etfect on the upper turns of the knots. Cat. Xos. 221510, 221523, and 221513, U. S. X. M., are brought together (fig. 5) to shoAV the procedure from a simple turn in bor- der to more com- plex forms Avithout recourse to knot- Avork of any kind. It is AvickerAAmrk on Avarps in pairs. The borderAvork in the upper drawing shoAvs the bending doAvn of one of each pair to the right, the other to the left, skipping t h e neighboring pair in each case and thrusting the ends into the Avickerwork tAvo Avarps aAvay. In the middle drawing this border serves as the basis of twined work among the bends of the warps, the separate elements of the twine being stems in pairs. Fig, 5. — Ends of warps turned down for borderwork. NO. 1631 . rOGABULARY OF MALAY Bl AY BASKET WORK— MASON. In the lower drawing it is braidwork among the bends and the stems are in twms and fours. Cat. No. 221516, U.S.N.M., gives a border in braidwork without knotwork (fig. 6), in Avhich three stems of rattan braid together in pairs, ah, ac, he, over the bends of warps. Such combinations are found on ornamental baskets in wickerwork. Bottomieork . — Malaysian basketry, though it varies greatly, finds its prime motive in the bottomwork, especially the burden baskets, with their square footing and framework for cylindrical and conical bodies. A deal of bottomwork is siin})lest checker or twilled ivork in what will be the stakes, the ivarp, the active elements in forming the body. Added to these will be the stifiening }>arts, the footing, the knotting, the sewing, and the staying j)arts, or accessories. The following varieties are easily distinguished : 1. Bottom and body in one indistinguishable. 2. Bottom in similar technic, much j)lainer. 3. Bottom elements all warps of sides. 12 PROCEEDiya^ OF THE XATJOXAL MVEEUM. VOL. XXXV. 4. Bottom bounded by upsett in different technic. 5. Bottom with foot. (). Bottom separate and set in. 7. Bottom entirely movable. Cat. No. 232636, 1'^.S.N.M., is a type of bottom seen in a great nnm- l)er of Malaysian baskets (fig. T). It consists of two series of thin splits latticed at right angles in their middles. They are held securely in })lace by a double row of boustrophic twinedwork forming the up.sett. and also braced by single rows of twining crossed diagonally. Tlie splits are then all bent up at right angles to become the warps of the body, which is built up by vari- ous technics over a mold. (See Mold- ing.) Fig. 8 (Cat. No. 221513. U.S.N.M.) shows the bottom of a globular wick- er basket. Fifteen rattan stems in groups of fives laid side by side are bent and laid on and under one an- other so that each stem will cross one from another group, all in place resembling curved spokes of an iron wheel. In this po- sition they are held together dn pairs by two rows of wrapping about alternate crossings. Adjacent stems are then brought together in pairs and fastened with another double row of wrapping. Just outside of this the regular wickerwork begins, forming the upsett. The pairs of stems continue as warp up to the rim. Boustrophic . — Applied to twined or other technic that does not pass round and round spirally, but back and forth dextrally and sinistrally. Braid worh . — Narrow fabric, in which three or more elements are interwoven, but there is no distinction between passive and active parts; all are pliant and active. The Malaysian women are wonder- fully adept in making and applying it. Braidwork may be flat, like sennit, or round, or square. Braiding may be a part of general NO. 1631 . VOCABULARY OF MALAYBTAN BAmCETWORK— MASON . technic, as in borders, or ready-made sennit or other braid may be an element in different kinds of weaving. (See figs. 9, 10, 11, 12.) Brooms.— Mside from fiber of coco palm by basket-making pro- cesses. Bumhan hatu bemban,” Skeat). — A large tough reed of dark color, growing on the hills of West Borneo. Used much in basket- making. Burden basket . — A car- rying basket for heavy loads. Usually support- ed on the body by means of a bark cloth band over the shoulders, like a knap sack. Sometimes the band goes across the breast and occasionally across the forehead. The burden baskets are the acme of the maker’s art. Calamus . — A genus of palms having over 80 species, in Asia, some in Australia and Africa. Slender, solid stems, sometimes 1 to 2 inches in diameter, growing to great lengths, clambering among the branches of trees by means of the hooked prickles on the stalks of their pinnate leaves. C . rotang^ C. ru- dentum.^ C. verus., G. vim- inalis^ and probably other Indian and Malaysian species are tlie source of the largely imported rat- tan canes used for the seats of chairs, and in wunIX(JS OF THE XATIOXAJ. MV^EUM. VOL. XXXV. Fig. 9.- fl■ame^yo^k, borders, knotwork, and body technic are dependent on it. Its tono-h, glossy surface is split into delicate filaments to serve as thread for sewing borders, into active elements in Aveaving^ like the “ cane ” for chair seats, and the carrying parts of baskets. From the study of ^'alaysian textiles, rattan will never be absent. Carrying hasl'ct . — -A name borne by a midtitnde of l)asket forms in Malaysia. OAving to the hot cli- mate little clothing is Avorn, so special provision must be made for everything that is borne about — from the siri (piid to the heaviest burden — including food and drink, clothing, implements, Aveapons, and articles of commerce. F or these, the burden basket must have capacity, strength, carrying parts, comfort, and resting parts. Maxima and minima — the gi-eatest strength and room with the least Aveight — seem to hav^e been Avorked ont by these ]Arimitive en- gineers. The abnn- dant use of the tri- angle, the placing of a support Avhere it is immediately -Braidwork in carrying zone of BURDEN BASKET. ‘ded, and pro ction of the Pig. 10. — Braidwork loops for carrying band. naked body could not be better looked after. Besides all the technic of ordinary baskets, there must be shoulder, head, and breast bands, backpads, frameAvork, footing, strengthening parts, and stays. In AveaAung the body of the burden bas- ket the Avoman has this fact of carrying in mind. A fcAv inches be- loAv the border she makes the technic stronger on both sides of the space Avhere the car- rying band and strengthening parts go around. A wale of stouter material is inserted, the courses are forced closer together, .more strands are added in the technic, and half hoops with proper backing are knotted on. In this glossary the space thus guarded and strength- ened is spoken of as the “ carrying zone ” and the structural parts added, Avith the burden function in mind as the “ carrying parts.” NO. 1631. VOCABULARY OF MALAYSIAN BASKETWORK— MASON . Fig. 11, from Cat. No. 244267, U.S.N.M., shows the common open- work of a rattan basket and the insertion in the carrying zone of four rows of twined weaving in twilled, boustrophic technic. Fig. 13, from Cat. No. 232630, U.S.N.M., illustrates the strength- ening of the carrying zone by hoops fastened on with cross-wrapping single knots. Above and below the hoops two rows of half hitches over alternate warps are intertwined. Figs. 9-12 (Cat. Nos. 244284, 244267, 244286, U.S.N.M.), illus- trate the ingenious ways in which the strengthening tech- nic in the carry- ing zone may, when new duties demand, j^2 . — braids in two colors in carrying zone. be braided away from the texture to form handles or to become loops about the carry- ing bands. In fig. 10 there are two rows of 3-strand braid which form the loops. In fig. 11 is a compact single 4-strand braid. In fig. 12 there are two rows of 4-strand braid. All of these are designed to function in the same way. Plate III represents a six-sided carrying basket (Cat. No. 221504, U.S.N.M.) from Pagi Islands, Mentawi Group, west of Sumatra. It show^s the smooth pad of bast for the carrier’s naked back ; the head- band of soft bark for supporting the load ; the zone of strong, double hoopwork, to strengthen the basket at its point of greatest strain. In other baskets there is a great diversity of expedients to ac- complish this end. In this specimen no sling of split passes from the carrying loops to be knotted under the bottom, that strain being relieved by the six uprights bounding the sides and brought together to form the foot. This is a fine speci- men of hexagon weave and of a hoopwork border. Carrying parts ^ carrying zone. — (See Carrying hasl'et.) Chainwork. — A technic in a single element, resembling chain stitching in needlework. It finds its nearest relative with wrapped weaving. Cheek . — Where two elements cross each other. ( See also Decussa- tion,) Pig, 13. — Carrying zone strengthened by hoopwork. rifociJhjnixG^ OF the \atio\al mui^eum. VOL. XXXV. 16 Checkeru'OTh. — Basketwork in Avhicli the crossing elements are equally flexible and the checks are rectangular. It may be open or close, vertical, or oblique. (See figs. 1, 7, 14, 16.) Fig. 14, from Humpin Biver, Ikihang (Cat. No. 219966, U.S.N.M.), and Plate T make idain what is meant by the term “ close checker- work,'' both in upright and oblique technic. The only ditl'erence between them and o})en checkerwork is in spacing and not in method. In the Malaysian area the basket-makers produce all sorts of fanciful shapes in checker by folding back the strips. ClieoTon . — V-shape technic in which two or more colored lines meet at an angle. (Compare Ilerringbone and Zigzag.) Chinhing. — Soft materials between hard stems and soft technic. Seen in the bottoms and upsetting of many Abbott baskets, to protect delicate work. Fig 14 .— Upright (a) and oblique (&) checkerwork. Classification. — (See Structural parts and Technic.) The parts of basketwork in Malaysia are so numerous and varied, their technical processes so diversified and associated, and the uses*of the products are so multiplied, that classification is difficult for the whole fabric. A division by materials, function, bottom, body, framework, carry- ing parts, decoration, or technical processes must end there. A bark gutta tub will be a regular museum of added knotwork and a paddy basket a wonderful study in braiding. Coiled hashetry. — Basketwork in which a foundation of hard or soft material, arranged in a flat, cylindrical, or conic spiral, is held together by means of over-and-over sewing or wrapping. In the Abbott collections, owing to the abundance and fitness of rattan, the single-rod foundation is far the most common kiiid, and beautiful examples are seen. The fineness of close coiling depends on the number of turns to the inch. NO. 1631 . VOCABULARY OF MALAYBIAY BABKETW0RK—21A80N. 17 Fig. 15 (Cat. No. 216279, U.S.N.M.) illustrates the most popular method of coiled work in Malaysian basketry. The rattan and its allies are so abundant and so well adapted that there is no need of the many kinds of coiled work seen in America. The upper draw- ing {a) shows a portion of a coiled basket near the rim; the middle drawing {h) is a diagram of the technic; the lower figure (c) ex- plains the beginning at the bottom. It is the single-rod coil through- out, and the border is finished off with a single split wound on the rim between the turns of the active part. Color. — Malaysian basketry does not abound in bright colors. Living on the shady side of the forests, the women’s textile work is not brilliant. Beautiful effects come from different woods, from aging, from native dyes, and from trade colors. It may be also that the motives for color are lacking. (See Jernung.) Cover. — That part of the basket which closes the receptacle. What might be termed coverwork is here in mind, and the crude, primitive ways of building up a shoulder and fitting the cap are interesting. (See Plates I, V, VI, XII, XIV.) Crossed warp. — Two sets of passive parts cross each other at an angle, as in hexagonal technic. They may be latticed or intertwined. Examples will show. Curlworh. — Especially in pandanus leafwork, the overlying strips are curled, to produce relief effects. (See fig. 16, and Plate II.) Cycloidwork. — One or more stems bent round and round by cy- cloidal movement. The separate turns may be free or interlocked. Used in decorative foots, borders, covers, etc. (See fig. 38, and Plate XIV.) Decoration. — ( See Ornarnentation. ) Proc. X. M. vol. XXXV — 08 2 18 PROCEEDIXaS OF THE XATIOXAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXV. Decussation. — Crossing of warps at an acute angle. (See Check.) Design. — P'ignre or pattern in tlie ornamentation of basketry. Xot to be confounded with symbol. Dextral . — Applied to the elements of basketwork that lean toward the right. (See Ilorizo^ntal^ SinistraJ^ and Vertical.) Common in Malaysian basketry. Diagonalu'orlc . — Passing the active elements over two or more warps, but not the same in adjoining rows. (See Tu'iUedicork.) Diaper. — A surface decoration produced by the technic shoAving a pattern by the crossing of the elements. The refinement of twilled- work. Drill . — For the delicate sewing Avhich is seen most abundantly on the borders of carrying baskets, the very fine holes are made through Gray, Sempang Eiver, West Borneo. In seAving the borders, footings, and other parts of baskets Avith finely split rattan, holes must be drilled through hoops and other AvoodAvork. The “ simbal ” is just the tool, not a needle nor an aAvl precisely, but a very fine drill, the blade made of an old file usually, and quadrilateral to the A^ery tip. On the lower part of Plate IV are the so-called prickers (Cat. Nos. 249049, 249050, U.8.N.M.), “ pemudat,” of the Dyaks of Bayu, Sempang Kiver, lYest Borneo. The first specimen is made of iron; the latter of orang bone. This implement is used to pass betAveen the elements of a finished texture, in order to open the Avay for Aveav- ing baclvAvard or overlaying as in the ‘‘’'mad weaveV Plate V shoAvs an elegant old piece of tAvilled basketAVork (Cat. No. 249413, U.S.N.M.) from Dyaks of Gray, West Borneo, introduced here to illustrate the use of the fine drills, but possessing many note- Avorthy characters. Among them especial attention is called to the bamboo, rattan, and other hard materials Avith long pointed drills made from old files. The point of the drill is draAvn out almost needle-like, Avhile the an- gular form of body is pre- served. Plate IV shoAVS a feAv Auarieties and also blunt prickers in monkey bone and in iron. (See Pricker. ) Fig. 16 . — Curled work in pandanus leaf. On the top roAV of Plate IV are basket- makers’ drills, or aAvls (Cat. Nos. 249051-249054, U.S.N.M.), ‘Uimbal,” of the Dyaks of Bayu and NO. 1631. VOCABULARY OF MALAYSIAN BASKETWORK— MASON. 10 arabesque ornament in red diaper twill all over the bod}^ and the cover ; the “ hook-and-eye ” work, the broad shoulder, the fine sewing*, and the neat hoopwork at the border; and the same processes in the margin of the cover. Ejoo. — A fiber compassing the stems of the kabun palm in Sumatra and seemingly bound on by thicker fiber or twigs, of which the Ma- lays make pens for writing. It resembles coarse black horsehair and is used, among other purposes, for making ropes and mixing v>dth mortar. (Marsden, p. 77.) Embroidery. — Textile ornament added to the surface after the basket technic is finished. Usually it is false embroideiy, which ap- pears to have been added, but is really done with the Aveaving. Ends. — On the rim of a basket the fastening of the ends of technic elements receives a A^ast deal of attention. They are cut off flush, merel}^ turned back and inwoven, or, to give finish, change the technic altogether- It is a part that must neA*er be overlooked. (See also B orderworh and Rim.) Fagoting. — Same as hemstitching, or the gathering two or more Avarp threads into a bundle by wrapping. False braid. — An appearance of braidwork very common in basket- Avork, made with a single strand or split, in what is called ball stitch, or racking seizing. (See Seizing.) False embroidery. — An appearance given in basket-making by Avrapping the strands that show on the outside of the structure Avith colored material. Fiber. — Any flexible substance composed of filaments. Malaysia abounds in such material of the best quality. Figure-of-8. — One of the technic movements in Malaysian basket- Avork by Avhich the active element, either as principal or as bond, resembles at each bout the figure 8. In uniting coiledAvork it may be clear, hitched aboA^e, hitched beloAv, or tAvisted. Filament. — Any delicate fiber used in basketAvork. The seAving on the borders of Dyak l)urden baskets is done Avith filaments of rattan. Fire fan. — The Nicobarese produce fans for fire-making from the sheathing petioles of palm trees. (Kloss, Andamans and Nicobars, P. ^8-) Flat spiral. — The form of coiled Avork seen in basket coA^ers, Avherein the result is a fiat surface. Folding. — In pandanus and other soft leafAvork tlie Malaysian basket-makers produce ornamental elfects on the surface by folding back the sti'ips or by curling the edges, making the checks stand ii|). fig. H) (Cat. No. 219975, II.S.N.M.) is a good example of wlial, for a better term, is here called “ folding,'’ and sometimes “curling” or “tAvisting.” In i)andanus leafAvork it is often desirable to have the inside and the outside of a basket both smooth; then the strips 20 PROCEFJ)I\(ii^ OF THE XATlOySL nFkiEl'M. vol. xxxv. are doubled, just as they are in the basketwork of our southern Indians. In such baskets, for pretty effects, the Malaysian women, at the proper intervals fold back the active pandanus strips like a coat collar. In some examples of the mad weave (Plate XII) the pat- terns are quite intricate. (See Cvrlicor'k and Ticistu'orh.) Foot . — The part of a basket for resting on the gTound. The foot may be, as in the baskets of commerce, a part of the body technic or something quite different. In the latter case it is usually hoopwork, angular or rounded. It is really interesting to note how the makers have struggled with this problem of footings. They are in rattan, bamboo, or hardwood. The rattan stem is soft inside and tough as leather on the out- side. You have merely to cut out a miter and bend the stem at the proper place and the thing is done. ( See Plates I, II.) Form. — This has reference to the outer shape of the finished basket or other product of basketwork. The clear and ready comprehension of the reader is the safest guide for giAung names to forms in basketry. The Malaysian Avomen excel in both the practical and ornamental forms of their baskets. Economy has been Avorked out especially in the shapes of the burden baskets. F rameioorh. — Malaysian baskets are often made of such thin ma- terials that additional support has to be gi\"en by frameAvork. This consists of foot, uprights, and borderwork, Avhich Avill be separately described. An interesting fact in the study of the division of labor is that the soft, textile parts of the basket are said to be made by Avomen; the frameAvork falls to the men. Plate VI shoAvs a basket from the Dyaks, West Borneo, Avhich may be called a perfect specimen (Cat. No. 249-107, U.S.N.M.) of Malay- sian basket, on account of the frameAvork and its relations Avith other parts. If it were removed it is doubtful whether the basket would Fkj. 17. — AIeti-kjds of forming handles. NO. 1631. VOCABUTARY OF MALAYSIAN BASKFT^Y0Rh^MASOX. 21 stand alone. Its capacity is almost that of half a flour barrel. Every- where proportion and beauty are united with strength and utility. Frap . — To bind parts of a basket together, in order to strengthen the structure. Furcated . — Said of the elements of basketry that are intentionally and symmetrically split a part of their length. The rattan lends it- self willingly to such treatment. Fyke . — An ever-set, detaining trap; a cage-pound for fish. (See Hugh M. Smith on The Fyke Nets, etc.) Grommet . — A ring of stem or split made by crossing it and then laying or twisting the long end round the ring three times and neatly tucking in the end. Handle . — Part of basket employed in carrying it in the hands. This is not common. In going through the jungle the hands are needed for other pur- poses. The basket is supported from the belt, the breast, the shoulders, or from the front of the head. Modern •influences are creeping in and putting bails of rattan on some specimens. (See Carrying parts.) Fig. 17 (Cat. No. 221534, U.S.N.M.) shows the ease with which a long thin split may become a grommet, a loop, a handle. Drawdng a would be the coarsest form of loop for suspending a basket or guiding a carrying strap, the split being wrapped a few times back and forth and bound by half hitches. It might be on a border or on an up- . . . . NIC AND BORDER. right, vertical, or horizontal. Drawings 1) and c are similar, but more neatly finished. Drawing d is in imita- tion of borderwork of the coiled type, the split at the same time form- ing chainstitchwork for a handle. Helical coil . — That form of coil that would result from wrapping a wire about a cylinder. This is the method of coiled basket building in America, but it is greatly modified in Malaysia, as will appear in description. II emstitch . — Drawing warps together in groups of two or more and holding them by twined weaving. Hens'’ nests. — Baskets, bag-shape and wide-meshed, for the hens to lay in, hang from the jiiles under Nicobarese houses. (Kloss, Anda- mans and Nicobars, p. 48.) PROCEEDlXCh^ OF THE XATJOXAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXV. Ilerringhone . — Basketry technic in Avhicli chevron patterns are in parallel series. Ilexagoytal rc6>r/t‘.— Basket woi-k in vliich dextral, sinistral, and horizontal splits or strips of equal width and flexibility are so inter- twined as to produce hexagons in the checks. (See Plates III, VII, figs. 18, 19, 20, and Lehmann, figs. 18, 53, 51, 55.) Cat. Xo. 22152-1, U.S.X.M., is an excellent specimen of hexagonal work. (Plate A"II.) Tlie plate shows a burden crate reminding one impressively of the California Indian cradles. Xoteworthy are («) the light, strong framework and border of rattan half stems bound together over the rim of the Aveaving all around and having the gap on the margin covered Avith a thin split; (5) the rhomb and triangle Avork in the footing, produced by differ- ent technic of the three elements; {c) the broad backing of bark; (cZ) the strengthening o f the carrying parts Avith additional half stems, and (e) the head strap of tough bast. The multiply- ing of structural parts in Malaysian basketry and the di- versity of technical Fig. 19. IlEXAGOXAL ELEMENTS IN PAIRS. pFOCCSS US COmparcd Avith American bas- kets are Avell illustrated in this specimen. If the horizontal splits be removed the other elements are latticed, the dextrals being out- side. The horizontals bind all by passing outside of dextrals and inside of sinistrals. The obliques on the footing are not latticed, but closely AVOA^en, the horizontals crossing the intersections in pairs. Cat. No. 237121, U.S.N.M., explains the crossing of parts in hexa- gon Aveaving (fig. 19). In this example the textile elements are in pairs. The introduction of a hoop for a horizontal split and doubling the number of uprights produces oblong pentagons. Fig. 20, Cat. No. 2215G3, U.S.N.M., from an Abbott basket of Siaba Bay, Nias Island, illustrates another type of the hexagonal work, differing from Cat. No. 221524, Plate VII, in having the horizontals Avide and thin hoops, Avhile the obliques are slender sjolits. Hitched loorh . — Technic in Avhich the process called hitching is used. The broAvn race are the masters of it. The Malay knot, Avhich NO. 1631. VOCABULARY OF MALAYBIAY BABKETW0RK—MA80Y. 23 takes the place of nails, screws, pegs, etc., in holding the parts to- gether, plays the whole gamut of uniting and decoration. (See Knot.) Hooh-and-eyevjorh . — An ingenious method of uniting joints and fastening off ends in rattan, specially useful in making hoops and in fixing heavy borders. The rattan is whittled away, like the point of a quill pen, often many inches long, giving also a convenient shoulder. ' The thin point is drawn through a hole or about a border and caught down on the other side in the textile work. (See Plates II, III, V, VI, VII.) Hoopioork . — The part jilayed by hoops of wood in Malaysian bas- ketwork is of great importance to the student of technology. In America it played a minor part with the Indians, but, on the other side of the Pacific, it entered into the bottom, body, stjiyings and strengthenings, footing, framework, carrying parts, and covers of baskets. Strictly speaking, a hoop is round, but, in this area, pre- cisely the same technic is so often employed on angular forms that one may be pardoned for speaking of triangular, quadrangular, hexagonal, and octagonal hoops, or of their incurved sides and pinched corners. Hoops in the Abbott basket- work are in the whole .stems, sliped stems, half stems, splits, strips of different thickness, in rattan or other tough elastic wood, as the exigencies demand. The joinings of the ends may be splic- ing of most kinds known to me- , . 1,11 11 1- 20. — Hexagonal technic with wide chanics, though the hooked splice hoeizontal-s. of common barrels does not ap- pear. But there are others quite to the manner born, such as hook-and- eye splice, knotted, sewed, and pegged splices. The figures and plates will show hoAv ingenious these practical basket-makers have been in putting their hoops at the right places to strengthen the basket Avith- out greatly increasing the Aveight ; in combining angular bottoms Avith rounded bodies; in providing stable attachments for the loops, knot- Avork, strengthenings, and lieadbands of the carrying parts. Plate VIII shoAvs several structural and technical characters (Cat. Xo. 221 5I(), U.S.X.M.) of hoojiAvork and reA^als a di versity in other forms of liandiAvork Avorth noticing, such as the square bottom be- coming the rounded body, the mixture of tAvined and Avicker AA^aving, llie strengtliening of tlie te.xtui’e at the cai-rying zone, the mnltiplii'a- tion of hoops about the border, the sliaping, S})liciiig, adjusting, drill- ing and attaching of hoops, the loops and adjustments of the carry- ing band. (See J olner^rorh.) Ilorizontal. — T(‘rm applied to the level elements in hexagonal and other technic lying in three or more directions. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. YOL. XXXV. 24 IlurcUe. — A very coarse form of basketwork in brush and cane fences, on land or in water, for hunting or fishing. lmj)acted. — Driven close together. Xot common in Abbott baskets. Inset. — A structural part made separate!}^ and set into the struc- ture. The funnels of fish traps and the ends of cylindrical baskets are so treated. Interlacing. — The crossing and twining of parts. Interrupted coil. — AAork in which the active split is wrapped about the passive j^art for a space and then caught under the foundation below. Decorative figures are made in this manner. (See fig. 26.) Interstices. — Open spaces left in basketwork. Intceave. — To weave a pattern into the texture of a basket, to inter- weave, intertwine. Ends are bent down and inwoven. Jernung. — Eed stain resembling lacquer, applied to Dyak baskets, sword-sheaths, blowgun-dart cases, etc., in West Borneo. It is made by boiling the fruit of a small species of rattan and smearing the jelly on the surface, where it dries Avith a smooth finish. J oinerworh . — That portion of basketwork AAdiich deals with solid Avood and is done Avith tools. Usually Avrought by men. It includes making hooj^s, uprights, solid rims, covers, staying, and bracing. Miters, kerfs, carving, and whittling demand the joiner’s skill. The American craftsAvoman giA^es strength and rigidity to her texture in the Aveaving; but here lightness is most desirable and strength comes through wise joinerAVork. In making joints with his somewhat in- tractable materials and most primitive tools the artisan is not able to conceal his work and leaves ugly gaps. To remedy this is the motive of much ingenious knotwork and braidAVork. (See Plates I, II, III, Y, YI, YU, YIII, XIY.) Kabun palm. — The wine palm of the coast. The black, hairlike fiber, “ ejoo,” is used for string on Banka Islands. Kain. — Cloth passed around the loins and between the legs. Worn by Indonesians of Malaysia and Malays. Kajang. — Pandanus roof-mat. Every Malay boat and every Chi- nese sampan uses them. One of the most Avidely spread and useful things in Malaysia. Kawin. — Kotan kawin. A small, very flexible rattan, growing in the hills of 4Yest Borneo, of which one of the weaves in the trident spear heads, serapang, is done. Kerf. — A notch cut out of rattan or other stem so as to permit it to bend at an angle. In footing on burden baskets, the corners, made of rattan stem, have kerfed miters. The material is then bent to form triangles, rectangles, or polygons. Keyed lattice. — Latticework in which the crossed passive parts are held in place by bending in and out between them stiff strips. (See Lehmann, figs. 65-68.) NO. 1631. VOCABULARY OF MAAwBIAV BABKETVA)RK~~MA80V. 25 Knives. — (See Tools.) Knotwork. — The structure, successions, and series of knots are of immense account to the student of Malaysian basketwork. In speak- ing of them the illustrations and names given under the word “ knot ” in the Standard Dictionary should be used. In some cases the native Fig. 21. — Overhand knot in single strand. name would be desirable.^^ The knots found on basketwork by Leh- mann are: Overhand., simple knot., in several variations; iveaveTs knot., several positions; single how knot' double how knot,' carrick hend; square knot; slip knot., Flemish hend; fgiire~of-8 knot; and clove hitch. The two-round turn and two -half -hitch knot., extremely common in Malaysia, and here called Malay knot, or hitch, must be added. Knots may be named after their technic and after their functions. There are single knots of any kind or series of knots or knots in a single series; they may be in the texture or superadded ; for use or for ornamentation; in the middle of a strand, at the ends of a strand, the tying together of the two ends, or the joining of an end to a bend or middle; there are binding knots, sewdng knots, slip knots, nooses, snares, trap knots, net knots, and covering knots to , . , , ,, ' . .SHIELDS. liKle ugly splices, corners, rims, and joints. Of the covering variety, the overhand knot in single strand, hiding the to]is of the little ]iosts at the margin of carrying baskets, deserves special notice. (See fig. 21.) Fig. 22 shows a sjiecies of knotwork, in single splits, seen on shields as well as baskets, to hold })arts together and be ornamental. Four See Stokes, in Mein. Rerniei? Panulii Uisliop Mnseinn, II, j»i). IO.a-ICvJ. 26 rROCEEDIXa^ OF THE AM770X.il .1/rMLT.V. A'OL. XXXV. hole.s are bored in the cover of the shield beside the frame, and the binding- material is pa.ssed back and forth through them, crossing the frame piece diagonally on the outside, so as to form plain weav- ing {a and h). On the back, the binding passes horizontally {c and d). Fig. 23, a (Cat. No. 221563, U.S.N.M.), illustrates how the single bowknot is often used in attaching the ends of the bark headband to the carrying parts of a burden basket ; while 5, c, and d illustrate the appearance of the dou- ble half hitch on borders. In drawing e (Cat. No. 221504, U.S.N.M.) the loops in d^ are finished off by a single wrapping of the whole border with splits. Fig. 24, a (Cat. No. 221524, U.S.N.M.), is made up of two round turns and two half hitches, as the knot appears in joining the parts of a wooden cradle, the active part working toward the right. In h the knot is dissected. Fig. 25, <7, 5, c, d (Cat. No. 221504, U.S.N.M.), illustrates the tying of far the most common knot in all Malaysia. Inasmuch as Fig. 24. — Round turns and half hitches in WOODEN CRADLE. NO. 1631 . VOCABULARY OF MALATBIA^^ BABKETWORK—MABO^. 27 industrial products there are usually made up and are scarcely ever in the whole piece, and, moreover, since nails, screws, and rivets and the like are not suitable to bamboo and rattan, the importance of this particular knot Avill be realized. Only the free end is needed in tying it. Usually it is found in sets or series, and in some cases four or five sets are woven into intricate and decorative effects. The first drawing {a) is the knot in the process of forming; in h the parts are drawn together ; in c all is made fast, and in d a vertical example is shown, the active end of the split working downward. Fig. 26, a and d (Cat. No. 237089, U.S.N.M.) and h and c (Cat. No. 237078, IJ.S.N.M.) , illustrates a knotwork very common in the Abbott Malaysian baskets, especially on borders. It is in the nature of what the sailors call “mousing,” and i-eminds one of the script lower case “ The process is sus(*e})tible of several varieties in the upright as well as in the horizontal ])ortion of the knot. Lehmaiiids figs. 38, 39, and 44, Plat(‘ I, present three of these. In the drawings here shown the knots belong in a series of border wra})pings, every seventh one PRCH^EEDIXa.^ OF THE XATIOXAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXV. 28 becoming a single mousing. In the drawings of fig. 2G, a is the mous- ing knot in forming;-^ is another form; c shows the knot drawn tight, and d a section of the finished border of a basket in double lacing. (See Borderivorl\ Laciruj, and MouHiag.) Fig. 27 (Cat. No. 23T0()3, U.S.X.M.), a and h give two varieties of quite similar knot\vork uniting two parts of a shield and to give orna- ment. It is scarcely knotwork, since, if the passive ])arts were slipped out, the active part would no longer be tied. In the draw- ing a the active split passes (1) be- hind the upper frame piece and forward, (2) down- ward in front of both, (3) around behind the lower frame piece left- ward of (2), move- ment (4) is across (2) rightward and backward to the starting point. In drawing h the movements .of (1) and (2) are the same, but in (3) the active part is moved rightward and then leftward around to starting point. Fig. 28. — Knotwork and braidwork united. Fig. 28, < 2 , c are processes also on the shield (Cat. No. 237063, U.S.N.M.). The knotwork combines two movements, both half hitches, making pretty braid between. Drawing a should be com- pared with the same letter in fig. 27. The moving split makes a half hitch over the upper, then beneath the under warp, and moves up- NO. 1631 . rOCAHULARY OR MALAY AX JiA^SKET WORK— MASON. 29 ward to repeat the process. Drawing h is the same over parallel Avarps and c is the same process over closely approaching warps. Fig. 21 is the overhand knot in single strand, seen in Avrapping kite strings on their sticks and the belaying of ropes on vessels. The simple form here shoAvn Avill be seen in the slings that attach small bowlders to nets as weights. More complicated and ornate examples Avill be seen on the borders of burden baskets at the tops of the up- rights which are a part of the frameAvork. Lacework . — The technic of both point and bobbin lace occurs in Eastern basketry. With a single element there may be tAvo or more splits or stems moving side by side and these may at any moment become braidwork. The single-element type is found in cycloid work. d Fig. 29. — Single lacing in Engano basketwohk. Lacing. — Coiled basketwork on the island of Engano imitates the technic often seen in the lining of hats throughout Malaysia. It is here called lacing, and may be single, as Avitli one end of a shoe string, or double, as Avith both ends. In both cases the active part passes by a figiire-of-8 movement. Fig. 29, a, Z>, c, d (Cat. Nos. 237079 and 237103, U.S.N.M.), shoAv the single lacing. DraAving a gives the va- riety in Avhich the zigzag movements of the active splits in adjoining roAvs are parallel; drawing l> is the same finished; draAving c adds the Avrapped border. In drawing d another variety of technic appears — the active split passes through the angles of the lacing beloAv, the lacings from roAV to roAV interlocking at right angles. Fig. 30, a, 1), c, d (Cat. Nos. 237081, 237112, and 237081, U.S.N.M.), shows the double lacing. Drawing a gives the ])rocess, h is close double lacing, c is opeinvork with AAra[)ped border, and d a closer example of the same. All of them give hexagonal etl'ects in the meshes, the active parts going through the angles underneath. 30 PROCEEDIXGS OF THE XATIOXAL MUSEU.]L VOL. XXXV. Lattice . — Basketry technic in which the parts cross, bnt do not interlace. They are held in place by furtlier treatment. The dextral and sinistral elements in hexagonal weaving may be latticed or inter- laced. (See fig. 7.) Latticework may also he named from the ways of fastening it together, as twined lattice, wrapj^ed lattice, etc. Lay . — To cover by wrapping or winding. The sailor lays a rope with yarn. The Malay basket-maker often hiA^s a grommet loop, handle, or border neatly Avith fine splits. Leaficork. — Includes products made from the Avhole leaf or the spathe and those from pandaniis and other long, textile leaA^es cut into strips. The former serve as handy improvised vessels; the lat- ter are Avrought into endless varieties of form and technic. b Fig. 30. — Double lacing in Engano basketwork. Plate XI (upper figure) is a basket (Cat. No. 211801, U.S.N.M.) of the Shompen tribe, Pulo Kunyi, west coast of Great Nicobar Island. It is 8 inches square and 6 inches high. A single long palm leaf is Avrapped on itself three-fold, to form square sides. Tavo small vines are run in and out through the leaf to hold the j^arts together and to form handles. The ends, Avhich are joined underneath, support a large deciduous leaf Avhich serA^es for the bottom of the basket. This is a rude and most primitive form of receptacle. The lower figure on I^late XI is a boat-bailer (Cat. No. 17G038, U.S.N.M.), from Trong, LoAver Siam, made from a spathe, or leaf sheath, by folding the ends together, as in Avrapping a bundle, and rolling up another part of the leaf to form a handle. The parts are joined together, as seen in the example, by seAving Avith a split of rat- tan. Height, 9 inches. See also Plates IX, X, and XIV. NO. 1631. VOCABULARY OF MALAY 81 AY BA8KETW0RK—MA80Y. 81 Left oUique. — Applied to textiles leaning toward the left hand from below upward. Seen in checker, twill, hexagon, octagon, and rhomb technic. Also called Sinistral. Lengkar hanon huoy. — Native name in Simalur of a basket for suspending a water vessel. (Cat. No. 216307, U.S.N.M.) Loomless . — Name adopted for textile processes not carried on in looms. It includes awlwork, bark- and bastwork, basketwork, braid- work, featherwork, hoopwork, knitting, knotwork, lacework, leaf- work, matwork, needlework, network, osierwork, quillwork, rattan- work, ropework, spathework, splitwork, stringwork, and threadwork. The primitive hand, or loomless, textiles are at the foundation of artwork in several varieties, for example: Fingerwork, producing basketry and matting; stilettowork, producing embroidery; knot- work, producing netting; bobbinwork, producing pillow lace ; crochet- work, producing hook fabrics; needlework, producing sewing, em- broidery, and point lace; needles in sets, producing knitting; shut- tlework leads to weaving on the loomwork series. Luting. — The Malaysians lute their carved wooden buckets with gutta when they become cracked. The Jakuns employ also the wax from the honey of the wild bee. Mad loeave {Anyam^ gila). — A technic in strips of pandanus leaf worked in pairs, in three directions, so as to present the appearance of rhomb, cubes, and six-pointed stars in different lights. The work begins at the center of the bottom, proceeds outward to the border and upward to the rim, where the strips are turned back and worked under to the place of starting by means of a dull bodkin, called a pricker. Plate XII shows the bottom and the top of the mad weave — the rhomb decussations, the six-pointed stars, the cubic forms, the turning back at the borders for the double weave and figures made by curling are all shown. Some of the Sempang Malay mats appear to be thus woven ; the jirepared leaf strips are doubled over lengthwise and alternately inclose and go between the corresponding opposite double strip in the weave, instead of going first to one side and then the other — that is, in and out over the opposite strands. Manila hemp. — (See Poolay.) Mat. — xV convenient name for basketwork not made into receptacles. From pandanus and like materials the Malaysian peoples make all sorts of things for household use. xV mat acquires a multitude of names from its uses. (Kloss, xVndamans and Nicobars, ]). IS.) Materials — This term includes all the substances that enter into Malaysian basketwork in its most liberal acceptation — mineral, rcgc- tal, and animal; raw and prepared; native and commercial; root, stem, and leav(>s; filaments, stri})s, sj)lits, half stems; ‘A*ane pith/’ spathes, and joints. 32 rROCEEI)lX(hS OE TEE XATIOX AL MUl^ElJM. VOL. XXXV. Miter . — To give angular forms to rattan hoops, they are kerfed at the proper places. More than that, though the people in their prim- itive state know not the use of the saw, still they manage to produce angular parts, even from hard woods, and cover ugly joints with knot work. (See Kerf.) Molding . — In the unfinished baskets sent by Doctor Abbott for study the body is being molded over a form. In the cylindrical pieces this may be a coil of bark or a round stick of wood to the out- side of w h i c h four sharp strips of bamboo are lashed for shap- ing the bottom and starting the round body. F or two conical spec- imens from West Borneo the molds are old baskets with a number of bam- boo sticks lashed about them. Fig. 31. (Cat. No. 244347, U.S. N.M.) shows the method of set- ting up the mold a n d beginning the work on a small, pretty siri basket from Lower Sakaiam Elver, Borneo. The interior mold' is a cylin- drical block of wood, not necessarily perfect in form, since outer wrappings will remedy defects. At what are to be the angles of the bottom, strips of bamboo are set, the pointed ends being downward, and leaf or bast is tied about the outside. Before the mold is applied, the bottom is woven in checker or twill, from fine strips, all of which turn up for warps. The upsett is the connection between the square base and the Fig. 31. — Process op making a basket over a wooden mold. NO. 1631. VOCABULARY OF MALAYSIAN BASKETYORK— MASON . 33 "cylindrical mold. The body may be then completed in any style of technic. Fig. 32. (Cat. No. 244354, U.S.N.M.) is a nearly completed siri basket in ivhich the mold is based on a roll of very tough and rigid bark and the corners of the bottom are established on four strips of bamboo, the glossy sides outward. The elements of the bottom are turned up for warps and, in this specimen, the cylinder was but partly achieved, the corners only being rounded. The upsett is distinctly patterned and the proc- ess of figuring the body is shown. The plain weaving might be replaced by endless varieties of technic. M ousing . — In coiled basketwork, .a double wrapping of the active part, resembling the sailor acceptation of the term. In its sim- plest forms it looks like the script letter /. (See fig. 26 and Leh- mann, figs. 38, 39, 44.) Movements . — The ac- tive parts of a tech- nical process of the Malaysians move in general from left to- ward the right, while the civilized woman works toward the left. In this general proc- ess toward the right the Malaysian woman makes subsidiary movements for each check or unit in the work. Tliese may be spoken of as up or down, in or out (toward the workei- or on the side away from the worker), inside or outside (referring to a receptacle), right side or Avrong side (referring to the fabric); right or left, if horizontal, and right oblique or left oblique, if inclined; under, over, around, or through, to suit each case. Needle . — The needle with an eye is not known in Malaysian basket- work, })ut needknvork, or sometliing I’esembling it, is veiw common and (jiiite oruaniental 011 bjiskc't borders. Holes are drilled through STIFF BAUK. Proc. N. M. vol. XXXV — 08 3 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXV. 84 the hoops and the sewing is done with fine filaments of rattan. (See Drill.) Xibong . — A palm whose leaf sewed with rattan serves for a boat bailer. (Cat. No. 232680, U.S.N.M.) Xipa . — A palm Xypa frutlcans whose leaves are made by the iMalays into coarse, strong “ bikars,” or sleeping mats. Oblique technic . — A process that begins at one corner of a mat or other structure. In twills, hexagons, octagons, the elements that lean to the right are dextral, or right oblique ; to the left, are sinistral, or left oblique. O penworh . — Technics in which the parts are not close together. The results are slits, triangles, rectangles, rhombs, pentagons, octa- gons, and irregular open spaces. Ornamentation. — Artistic effects in basketwork. It includes the choice and association of a great variety of materials; the adoption of correct shapes and colors in the things made and their parts; in the refinement of technical processes — checker, twine, coil; diamond and scroll patterns in tAvill and color; in knotwork and braiding; in carving, overlaying, and embroidery. The body is the foundation and background of ornamentation. 0 cerhancl . — The knotwork at the tops of uprights on basket borders covering the rim stays are in sailor language called overhand weaving in single strand. The strand may be stem, split, strip, string, or fila- ment. Ooerlaying. — In American basketry the term is applied to the process of laying a pretty straw on a tough fiber; but the Eastern Avomen hide unattractive features Avith a charming variety in knot- Avork, braidAvork, and seAvings. Overlaying in Malaysia occurs rarely in the American sense. Packing^ or padding. — The insertion of soft material betAveen hard j oilier Avork and delicate textile, to equalize the strain. Pandanus . — Of many uses in Malaysian basketry. (See Haeckel, India and Ceylon, N. Y., 1883, p. 99.) The panclaims (Pandaniis odoratissimiis) belongs to the most singular char- acter of plants of the Tropics. It is closely allied to the palms, and is also called screw-palm, or, more improperly, screw-pine. The low cylindrical stem, which groAvs from 20 to 40 feet high, is twisted, and branched like a candela- brum ; at the extremity of every branch grows a thick tuft of large sword- shape leaves similar to those of the draciena and the yucca. Some of the leaves are a light green, others a much darker hue; they are gracefully twisted, and their spiral arrangement around the stem gives it the appearance of a perfectly regular screw. From the base of every tuft hangs a cluster of white, deli- ciously fragrant flowers, or a large red fruit like the anona. But the plant's most remarkable feature is the slender adventitious roots, which giA'^e it the appearance of walking on stilts. A clump of pandanus trees offers a fantastic sight as the stems rise on their stilts above the lower shrubbery or stalk about over the rocks along the shore. NO. 1631. VOCABULARY OF AIALAYSIAN BASKETWORK— MASON. 35 Parts of baskets. — Mala^^sian baskets are much more broken up into parts than American. In both areas there will be, in the plainest structures, such as mats, wallets, and checkerwork baskets, wrong side and right side, outside and inside, top, bottom, and sides. But the fidl-fiedged carrying basket is a bewildering association of parts. A technic part or unit is the full movement of the active parts once. The result is one check, decussation, twill, stitch, twist, curl, bend, bight, hitch, coil, or knot. (See also under Structural loarts.) Pierced ^(^6>rZ^.^Applied to all uses of the awl, or piercer, in basket- work. The abundant employment of wood brings sewing into this art, which is not done with the needle, but after the shoemaker's fashion, with a sharpened filament of rattan through holes pierced with metal tools. (See Drill.') Pina. — Delicate texture from pineapple leaf. Ananas ananas. Pinned work. — The joining of palm, pandanus, and other leaves by pinning them with splinters of rigid material run in and out through them. (See Plates IX, X, XI.) Plaiting. — Folding leaves like the plaiting in garments. To be distinguished from braiding. Plants. — The plants used in the Malaysian basketwork have not all been studied for native or scientific names. The best known are the bamboos, rattans, palms, and climbing ferns. (For Borneo, see Bec- cari, pp. 507-636; for the Philippines, E. D. Merrill.) Ply. — To be used in speaking of flat surfaces, as 2-ply, 3-ply, and so on. AVork in pandanus leaf, palm leaf, bamboo skin, spathe, or bast may be thus made. Not to be confounded with Strand. PooZay.— Filament of the pesang {Musa textilis). (Marsden’s Sumatra, p. 146.) A tall perennial herb of the same genus as the banana. Manila hemp. When dressed it is of two qualities, finer for shawls, coarser for rope. Pricker. — A tapering bone or piece of metal used in mad weave and other basketwork for inserting ends into the existing texture. (See Plate IV.) . Processes. — There are certain processes in basketwork that may be described, whose procedures are quite independent of the result. Among them are braiding, coiling, knotting, looming, matting, net- ting, omitting, sewing, spinning, twilling, and Avrapping. These com- bine in all possible ways to their results. Products. — The products of basketwork Avill be found under Uses of basketwork. Rattan. — (See Calamus.) Rhomd)oidal work. — Basketwork in pandanus leaf and other thin matei’ial in which the surface is made up of a series of rhombs or dia- monds. Called also “ Mad weave which see. 36 FROCEEDIXaS OF THE X ATTOXAL .MnAEl'M. VOL. XXXV. Right oblique . — Same as dextral. Applied to the textile elements that lean to the right looking upward. Seen in twills, hexagonal, octagonal, and rhomb weaves. Rim . — As distinguished from the added border, the rim of a basket is the upper edge of the special technic which constitutes the body. The ways in which tlie body elements are cut oil', turned down and plicated, wrapped and fastened oft' give names to rims, their nature resulting from the work on the body — checker, twill, twine, etc. Fig. 18 (Cat. No. :22i5i21, U.S.N.M.) gives an idea of the wa}^ in which the long ends of oblique stems in hexagonal work are turned back and inwoven to give variety to the texture. Rotan Sega. — The toughest of all rattans for basketwork — borders, carrying parts, sewing, strengthening, supporting. Planted exten- sively by Dyaks. Sago yalm. — Midribs are stripped and bolted together for shields in Nias. (Cat. No. 2872U.) Sand paper, — Applied to various species of plants whose leaves have a siliceous surface and are used in polishing. Sarong. — In Malaysia, a piece of woven stuff enveloping the body. Worn by both sexes. Seizing . — The process or result of lashing the parts of basketwork together by turns of flexible material. To the sailor terms round seizing,” “ throat seizing,” and “ racking seizing ” the Abbott baskets add many other puzzling ways of joining the textile parts. Sennit. — A convenient name to retain for fiat braidwork, which may be used apart or worked into other technic. (See Braidwork.) Sera pang. — Trident fish spear. West Borneo. There are four sorts of ‘‘ anyi ” (weaving or braiding) on each serapang properly made and three kinds of rattan. Sets. — The cycloidal curling of a single element is very common in Malaysia; but this element may be two, three, or more stems, splits, etc., that lie parallel in the work. They should be spoken of as single, double, triple, quadruple. In knotwork double or triple xo. 1631 . rOCAliVLARY OF MALAYSIAX BASKE'nVORK— MASON. 37 sets of elements may all be functioned alike, or the knotworks may be in sets, as about the border of a siri basket. (See fig. 33.) Sewing . — A convenient name for technic in basketry in which holes are pierced and slender filaments of rattan are used singly or in series for joining and for ornament. Seen on shields as well as baskets. On the latter it serves to hold the foot, the uprights, the border hoops together and in place. Many examples in the Abbott collection, es- pecially from Borneo. Fig. 3t (Cat. No. 221625, IJ.S.N.M.) illustrates the double sewing associated with imitation of twined weaving done on Malaysian shields. In the drawing the dark split or stem is doubled in the middle and passed through the first hole in the shield. The two ends are then laced through the other holes, making a twine at each stitch. At the same time each end is twined a few times with another split that does not go through the holes in the shield excepting the first one. Fig. 35 (Cat. No. 237061, U.S.N.M.) is of the same type, but two outside splits are twisted in, making a three- strand twine. Shoulder . — The rim of a basket fitted to receive a close cover. (See Cover.') Sides . — The Englisli and American makers call the body of a basket “ sides.” The sides of a Malaysian bas- ket may be quite distinct or all alike. The latter may be threC-sided, four- sided, or many-sided, depending on the shape of the fi-amework. Single . — Term apj)lied to that vari- ety of technic in which there is no pas- sive part or foundation, and one active, moving element or set of elements. Examples of such basketwork are to be seen in America, but they are not classed apart. (See figs. 42 and 100 of Aboriginal American Basketry.) In Malaysia the long, rigid, and elastic stems render it possible to make wider excursions of technic. The word “ single ” (lo(5S not necessarily mean one stem, foi- there may be several side by side, as shown in the illustrations; but they are all doing active servic(‘ and all performing the self-same motions, curving and interlocking. (See Plate XIII.) ;^8 PROCEEDTXaS OF THE XATIO^AL MUSEL’M. VOL. XXXV. Plate XT\ (Cat. Xo. '2*215*25, U.S.X.^I.) is a good example of the interlocking cycloid, with three stems cooperating, the dropping (mt of a stem and another taking the place while the motive goes on. This plate shows the technic in position. It is a carrying basket from Sikakap Strait, Pagi Islands, west of Sumatra. The body is a sin- gle piece of spathe or inner bark rolled into the form of an inverted cone. On the top the technic shown in the drawing is in jdace. It was made independently of the l)asket and sewed on afterwards with a split of the same material. The bottom is of wood, set in. The hoops at the top and bottom are in pairs and are held in ])lace by single roAvs of the ^lalay knot- work. The running of splits in and out and the knots tied on the edges of the bark are to be noted. Cat. Xo. 24TTI9, XhS.X.M., Plate XTTI, may be called a bur- den crate, Avith boAA^ed framework, back of bast and sides of rat- tan in single technic element, one-stem and tAvo-stem, forming in- terlocking cycloids. Th.e shape should be compared Avith that of California cradles. Sinistra 1 . — See [Left oblique.) Sheieer . — A strip of bamboo or hardAvood sharpened at both ends and thrust into a texture to stiffen it. Slath. — In English basketAvork, tAvo rods or splits used to "hold together and in place the bottom sticks at the beginning of a round basket (Okey). Malaysian baskets start differently. (See Bottom- worh.) Spatheicorh. — ( See Leaf work . ) Spiral . — This term may be used in describing much Malaysian tex- tile work, for ornamentation as well as for use. There may be flat, conical, or cylindrical spiral. xo. 1631. VOCABULARY OF MALAY8IAY BASKETWORK—MASOY. 39 SpUceworl'. — ^lethods employed in Malaysian basketwork for nnit- ing the ends of two pieces of wood or the two ends of a hoop. A'Hiere applicable the usual names of splices giyen by mechanics may serye, as halying. lap splice, doyetail, scarfed joint, fished joint, ship lap. The hook splice of the barrel hoop does not appear; but. owing to the wonderful qualities of rattan, some new forms occur, as the hook- and-eye splice, loop splice, sewed splice, pinned splice. Split. — One of the parts into which a rattan or other stem is diyided for textile work after it has been ganged and shayed. Preferred to splint. Splitwork will be any kind of technic in which splits are the materials. Stay. — In Malaysian basketwork, something on the inside of a basket, as a strip or split of rattan, to keep knot work from pulling through the delicate textile, as bottom stay, upright stay, border or rim stay. Stitches. — On fine borders, footing, and elsewhere, small holes are bored and delicate fibers of rattan and other plants are passed through and around, as in sewing. Xo needle is used, but in this way parts are “ whipped '' together. The separate rounds may be called stitches. (See also DnJl.) Strand. — One of the elements of thread, twine, rope, or braid. These are spoken of as 1 -strand, 2-strand, etc., and may themselyes become the elements of textile fabrics. Strengthening parts. — Term applied to the framework and other parts of basketwork put in the right place to effect the purpose and add little to the weight. These natiyes are past masters in economic use of such structures. They are worked in or added on. Hoops, single or in pairs; additional wales in the weaying; splits wrapped about a structure; woodwork, braces, stays — all giye strength, with the minimum of material. Strip. — A ribbon-like section cut from a leaf or other thin sub- stance and used in checker or other flat technic. Structural parts. — The complete Malaysian burden basket (Plates II, III, V, VI, VII, VIII, XIII) has many structural parts, while the American Indian makes hers almost in one piece. There will be a little special treatment at the start, more about the border, but practically her work is a unit. The ])ossible parts of a iMalaysian basket are bottom, l)races and stays, foot, u])sett, body, border, coyer, framework, carrying i>arts, ornaments, and accessories. Of these it is })ossible to note the j)resence or absence; the materials in their yariety, j)reparation, and combinations; shape, technic, and quality of each part. In some ^lalaysian baskets the structural parts are all merged, as in tlie American. In others these parts haye ditferent metliods of expression and degrees of independence. The many ]X)s- s.ble ways of ell'ecting these combinations giye unlimiteil scope to 40 PROCEEDIXGS OF THE XATIOXAL MUSEUM. VOL. ,'wXXV. the imagination of the artist. The term structural pai't as aj^plietl to materials includes stems, half stems, splits, strips, fibers, filaments, leaves, roots, and whatever other parts of a plant enters in. Cat. No. 221504, U.S.N.M., Plate III, is a graceful burden basket in hex- agonal technic, six-sided, pointed at the bottom, with abundance of hoopwork at the carrying zone and on the border. Symbolism . — Upon this word American and Malaysian l)asketworlc part company. In America the spirit world liA^es and has its being on basketry and ])ottery; but Malaysian textiles of every sort, even the most adorned, are as mute on religion “ as though that soul Avere dead.” Of a pictorial epoch or stage there are no survivals in the fictile or textile art. If one ever existed, hundreds of years under Buddhistic and then Mohammedan poAver have obliterated eA^ery trace. Tapa . — Original clothing of the Sumatrans, still used among the Bejangs for their Avork- ing dress. It is the inner bark of the “ cala- Avee,” a bastard breadfruit, beat out to the fineness re(piired. (Marsden, p. 43.) It is sometimes dyed yelloAv, but usually remains the natural light broAvn color. Occurs prac- tically all OA^er the islands. Technic (technique). — All the textile proc- esses employed in basketwork and other handi- crafts. It embraces the preparation of mate- rials and all the methods of putting them together, as well as the results of those proc- esses. Baskets and basketwork may be classi- fied by the technic. This Avas done for the American Avare (Aboriginal American Bas- ketry, Keport U. S. National Museum, 1902, p. 190), and is here attempted for the Malay- sian. Many of the American processes Avill appear in Malaysia and Avill receiA^e the same names ; other processes and A^ariants will require Fig. 36. — Beginning of SINGLE-STEM BASKET. additional terms. In the Abbott collections from his areas in Malacca, Sumatra, Bor- neo, and vicinity, one is struck with the numberless variations in each class of technic and Avith their combinations. 1. For example, from the single-element technic, Avhich consists of the bending, Avinding, and interlocking of the most simply curved, sinuous, spiral figure-of-8 movement of a single rattan stem or other long element, the AveaA^er multiplies her stems and proceeds to Avork Avith two or more laid side by side to create neAv artistic patterns. NO. 1631. VOCABULARY OF MALAYSIA^ BABKETV^'ORK— MASON. 4 I Figs. 36-38 (Cat. No. 216305, U.S.N.M.) show a single-stem basket from Simalur Island, northwest of Sumatra. It is a wonder how a savage woman ever thought of so intricate a thing. The handle is a rod or stem of rattan doubled in the middle. After being clasped together with a ring of braidwork, each end is split into four parts, making eight warp stems, which are knotted at the bottom and from that point become wrapped weft. See drawings «, 5, c, fig. 36, show- ing the doubled and split stem, the attachment of braidwork, the knotting of the warps at the bottom, and the com- mencement of the wrapped weaving. Each split makes a turn or half hitch around a warp, passes the next one, and continues to make a half hitch around every alternate warp until exhausted. About half way up, the ends of these are tied to additional splits of rattan, continu- ing the process of half hitches; but, the spaces between the warps being wider, the wefts form, plaits. See drawings c, /, y, figs. 37, 38, for the finishing processes. At the rim the ends are fas- tened off by simply pass- ing into the old knots. 2. Checkerwork, both close and open, erect and oblique, abounds in the Abbott Malaysian collec- tions. If made in strips of soft material, like pan- danus leaf, tliis technic lends itself ever for both useful and decorative work — for matting, baskets, wallets, reticules, and so on. In more deli- cate fibers it leads up to the finest loomwork, while in rigid materials it gives itself most readily to the fabric of bottoms, the elements be- coming spokes or warj)s of the body of the basket. (Figs. 1, 14.) 3. Twillwork, in which all elements are active and pass under and over different numbers of strands, two or more, or not the same strands from one course to another, is at liome all over Mala^^sia, 42 PROCEEDlKOi^ OF THE SATIOSAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXV. owing to the abundance of materials eveiTwliere for such technic. It may be divided into erect and oblique, plain and diagonal, and great differences are possible through varying thickness, width, color, and number in crossing. These in many examples produce artistic effects of great beauty. (See Plates V, Yl, and fig. 1.) 4. Wicker is basket technic, in Avhich rigid passive elements, or stakes, are crossed regularly, over and under, by active elements that are flexible. Ivattan and like plants are specially ada])ted to wicker- work, wliich in its coarest forms, such as game fences and fish weirs, must liave furnished the earliest types of basketwork. Wicker, in its finest specimens, may be made ornate; it runs easily into twillwork and twinework. (See Plates I, XYI, and figs. 5, 8.) 5. AYrapped work includes all hand textiles in which the passive parts are held together l)y a flexible active part which at regvdar places is wrapped about them. T have elsewhere called this “bird- cage ” technic, re- ferring to the wire cages wherein the stiff wires cross at right angles and the intersections are wrapped about with fine w i r e. Many varieties of the wrappedwork exist in Malaysia, and they will be illustrated under Fig. 3S. — Finishing processes on single-stem basket. . , ■. special examples. The passive parts are not always weft, but latticed foundations are encircled by the active running up and down, in and out, like clinging vines. (See figs. 40, 41.) 0. Twinedwork includes those hand textiles in which the passive parts, called “ stakes ” by English basket-makers, are held together and in place by twine of two or more strands. The technic is called 2-strand, 3-strand, and so on, according to the number of strands in the active part. Associated with twined work is braidwork, in which the active elements are braided in and out among the passive, but the appearance is quite the same. Twinedwork may be wicker or twilled, open or close, fine or coarse, and by making one of its elements rigid it may be merged into wrappedwork. On a basket the twinedwork may be continuous in one direction from round to round, or the consecutive rounds may be boustrophic. An openwork effect is secured by including alternate pairs of stakes in going around. NO . 1631 . Vocabulary of malaybiay babkFt.work—mabox. 43 7. Coiled technic in Malaysia covers a multitude of variations. The long, tough staples are favorable to its development. In all the so-called coiling processes the actives do not cross the passives, but go around them and around with them. There is no distinction of warp and weft. Coiled ware has been classified by the number and treat- ment of passive parts in the foundation and by the methods of work- ing the active parts about them, singly or in pairs, as wrapping, half-hitching, twisting, mousing, and figure-of-8 work. The com- bining of two or more varieties of coiled work gives the basket-maker all the chance she asks for her versatility. (See Aboriginal Ameri- can Basketry, p. 247.) In Malaysian coiled basketry the nine Ameri- can varieties are not copied, but there are both similarities and differ- ences. For example, in the Eastern ware the active split often pierces the foundation stem beneath, a thing not frequent in America. 8. Three or more series of textile elements moving in .separate direc- tions give rise to Fig. 39. — Thkee-dikections technic with varying elements. triangular, rhom- boidal, hexagon- al, and octagonal patterns of tech- nic. The ver- tical, horizontal, right oblique, and left oblique elements may be all alike and ac- tive, or certain of them may differ from the rest in width, thickness, color, and pliability. The technic may be openwork or close and the varied methods of superposition create differences in the result. All over the Orient the polygonal styles of basket- wT)rk have had a wonderful development. The Japanese reach ex- traordinary results in their practice. (See Plates III, VII, XII, and figs. 18-20.’) 9. For basketwork, chainwork, sennit, knotwork, hoopwork, and other joinerwork, the separate words must be consulted. The com- bining and mixing of all the varieties mentioned constitutes the ever- present surprise in Malaysian basketwork. In describing a number of specimens it makes classification difficult, for each structural part seems to follow categories of its own. Cat. No. 221534, U.S.N.M. (see Plate II and fig. 89), is a good ex- arrq:)le of the tliree-direction technic, the elements differing in width, rigidity, and treatment. The wide horizontal and the narrow ver- tical are latticed so as to make openwork below and closework near PR0CEEDJXG8 OF THE XATIOXAL ME^EZAI. TOL. XXXV. 44 the border. The left obliques are not merely laced among the others, but curl in passing so as to have the soft inside of the split against the other elements. Lehmann " has brought togetlier the hand textiles of the tvorld under the term Getlechtsarten, as distinguished from Gewerbe, tvhich would inchide the machine textiles, or loomwork. There are 3 plates and 105 illustrations, and some of them cover two oi- more technics, llis analysis of the Getlechtsarten is as follows: (1) Elements run in two directions, both active. Includes open and close checker, upright and oblique twills, and ornamental work under the same definition. (Plate T, tigs. ‘2-0.) (2) Active parts unite a definite nnmber of passive parts. In- cludes Avicker-, tAvined-, Avrapped-, and coiledwork of every kind. (Figs. 1, T-10, 12-25, 27-31, 34^6.) This is by far the largest of Doctor Lehmann's groups. (3) Ikissive 2 )arts running parallel are united Avith flexible parts running in tAvo directions. Tavo oblique flexible sets are united by rigid horizontal elements. (Figs. 47-52.) (4) Active textile elements in three or four directions, making A hexagonal Avea\^e, P> octagonal or chair-bottom AveaAX\ (Figs. 53-58.) (5) Technic in a single moving part or element, though it may con- sist of tAvo or more stems side by side. There are three ground forms, the continuous coil (A) ; the sinuous movement (B) ; and the figure- of-8 (C). (Figs. 59-G3.) (G) Technic of two sets of passive elements lying parallel, the sets generally latticed at right angles and fastened together by means of elements interlaced in like particular direction. (Figs. G5-83.) It is latticeAA ork, fastened together by interlacing or Avrapping. The bird- cage technic of the American Avare. (Figs. G5-84.) (7) Technic from tAvo or more active elements bending in two or more directions. A, made by varying other technics (figs. 15, 32, 33, 23, 24) ; B (fig. 84), interlocking bights at right angles; C (fig. 90), interlocking sinuosities; I) (fig. 85), interlocking half hitches. The courses of the single actives are given in figs. 154, 155, 157, 158, 159. (8) False braiding, chain stitching, etc., of elements so far as not included in other methods. (9) Technics not truly textile. Half textiles, A (fig. 91), strips bent hood-shape; B, horizontal seized close to the A^ertical, horizontals pierce the vertical; C, strips seAved or thatched together, as in hats, etc. ; D, two sinuous elements bound together at their contacts (fig. G4). T hatchwork . — On Nicobarese houses ; generally of “lallang ” grass; sometimes of palm leaf, fastened to vertical rafters of the midribs of ® Abl\. Aiitlirop.-Ktliiiog. Museums, Dresden, XI, 1907. NO. 1631. VOCABULARY OF MALAYBIAY BASKETW0RK—MA80X. 45 the COCO ])alm, joined crossways by battens of areca wood, of which the grated floor is made. (Kloss, Andamans and Nicobars, p. 49.) Throat seizing. — Lashing the crossed ends of basket elements. Used in loops for suspension and in carrying parts. Tikars. — Sleeping mats. Malays make them from nipa palm. Tingayl Kinggale ”). — A sort of bamboo, West Borneo, for baskets. Called also Tingelil^ Tinggayl. Tools. — The words “ joinerwork ” and “ tools ” must not awaken pictures of the great chests of our carpenters and cabinetmakers. The utensils employed on Malaysian basketwork are of very primitive kinds. The ever present parang, including a woman’s variety (two top specimens, Plate XV) ; curved knives with their long, slender handles ; awls with needle points ; drills quite as delicate ; prickers for inserting wefts ; an old file or two ; and siliceous leaves for sandpaper, are all.® The chief reliance is on the cunning hands and trained eyes of the basket-maker. (See Plates IV, XV.) On Plate XV are shown basket-makers’ knives, ‘‘ sinar ” (Cat. Xos. 249038, 249043, U.S.N.M.), used as all-round tools in making baskets and mats by the Dyak women on Sempang River, West Borneo. They all belong to the same type, curved alike in blade and handle from end to end, the cutting parts quite similar, handles of wood or antler. The implement fits the hand perfectly and rests on the arm, enabling the woman to guide the finest motions and regulate the pressure. At the bottom of the plate the bast rolled up serves as a scabbard for the blade when not in use. Cat. Xos. 249045 and 249046, U.S.N.M. (top of Plate XV), are woman’s parangs, “ parang bodong,” from the Dyaks of Sempang River, West Borneo. Length 12 inches and 14 inches respectively. It is interesting to note on these small objects the razor-shape blade bent back at an angle with the long tang, the hook on the lower side where blade and tang come together for removing thorns from leaves and stems, and the grip of wood, perfectly plain. In the men’s parangs the grips preserve a semblance of ancient symbolism; there is none here — just a simple survival of useful shapes. Tonng dp. — Native name for triangular pyramid in checkered basketry. Trap. — A species of Artocarpns^ used by Dyaks and Sakais in mak- ing bark cloth. Other species are also used. The Dyaks also make cord of it and of other kinds of bark. Tvnlledwork. — Fabric in basketAVork in Avhich the textile ])arts of one set of elements pass over and under more than one element of the other set. A great variety of patterns are produced in the Abbott baskets by different materials, surfaces, thickness, width, color, direc- tion, and technic in the parts. (See Plates VI. 1 ° Marstlen, p. 144, says that the Sumatrans were ignorant of the use of the saw. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXV. 46 Tv'ine . — ‘‘ Calooee ” is a species of nettle, of which excellent tAA’ine is made. It grows to the height of about 4 feet, without branches, the stem being imperfectly ligneous. It is cut down and beaten, after which the rind is stripped oh and twisted as we do hemp. Twine is ' also made of the bark of a shrub called “ Endeeloo.'^ A twine is made in the Lamphon district of the bark of the ‘‘ bagoo ” tree, beaten out like hemp, for the construction of large fishing nets. On the island of Nias they make a twine of the baroo tree, Avhich tlww after- wards weave into coarse cloth for bags. A kind of thread for sewing is procured by stripping filaments from the midribs of the leaves and from the trunk of the “ pesang ” or plantain. (Marsden, pp. T5-T().) T Muiedworlo — A refined and varied technic, based on wattlino-, in which the active part consists of two or more strands that in passing make a part of a turn about one or more passive parts leaving one strand inside. The method of doing this gives rise' to several varie- ties — plain, twilled, wrapped, latticed (or tee), three-strand, etc. The process is used very extensively, especially in openwork, and dif- fers from the American in not ascending by a perfectly uniform spiral. (See Plates I, VIII, and figs. T, 34, 35.) (See Vdraf.) Ticist or twisfworh . — A number of filaments in a single strand twisted together. The rattan is a bundle of long fibers and can be readily changed from its hard, glossy appearance into a yarnlike texture, as in the turning down of warp ends. U prights . — The vertical elements in the framework of a basket. p sett {Upsetted^ ZJ psetting ) . — A modern basket-maker’s name for changing the bottom technic of a basket to the body technic. May be useful in describing Malaysian ware, though it must be remembered that a great deal of work on the latter is done afterwards about the foot. Uses. — Armor, in fabric and ornament ; bags of every sort ; baskets ; beaters for rice harvest; bird baskets, cages, and traps; canoe parts and furnishings; carrying devices of infinite variety in size, parts, functions, and qualities; chairs; clothing in every part, both useful and ornamental (belts, bindings, caps, fans, fringes, hats and other head coverings, pockets, sandals, shirts, shoes, stockings); coffins; cooking utensils, covers, cradles, crates, drinking vessels; drums; eating utensils; fences of many kinds; fishing gear; flask covers, holders, and servers; floors; furniture; grain vessels and utensils; handles; hangings; harvesting ware; houses and their parts, for use and decoration; knotwork for endless uses; lacing and lace- work; lashings; lines; masks; matting and mats; milling; nets for land and water capture and network in general; nooses; ornaments for the body and for every useful thing ; palisades ; panels in uphol- stery; playthings; quivers; receptacles besides baskets; reels; sacks; scabbards; seats; sennit; sieves; slings; string in general; tableware; NO. 1631 . VOCABULARY OF MALAYSIA^ BASKET^¥0RK—MA80Y. 47 thatch; thongs; tiles; tools, with cases; toys; traps (air, land, and water) ; wallets; walls; water-crafts; weapons (lacings and lash- ings) ; weirs; whips; winnowing apparatus. Vertical . — Applied to elements in an upright position. Vessels . — Of giant bamboo joints. Andamanese. (Kloss, Anda- mans and Nicobars, p. 33.) Mentioned here because they have basket functions, associate with them, and basketry technic abounds on them. ^ Warj ). — The elements on which woven baskets are built up. In Malaysian ware the bottom splits become warps of the body. Warps may be parallel, spreading, decussated, latticed, radiated, zigzag. Water bottles . — Cocoanut shells joined in pairs by a short rattan handle, used by the Nicobarese to hold drinking water. (Kloss, Anda- mans and Nicobars, p. 49.) Water is carried from the spring in bam- boos, cut 5 to 6 feet in length, and home over the shoulder, or in a number of single joints that are put together in a basket. It is drunk Fig. 40. — Wrapped twinedwork. out of a fruit called “ laboo,'’ resembling the calabash, a hole being made in the side of the neck, and another at the top, for vent. In drinking, they hold the vessel at a distance above their mouths and catch the stream as it descends. (Marsden, Sumatra, p. 55.) Wattling. — Ck>arse fence or fish weir in wicker or twined work. Used in many ways both for traps and accessories. Weaving . — A term that should be saved for loomwork and used hen^ only for basketwork in which the passive and active elements form distinct warp and weft. The active, or weft element, has many varieties both in form and in process. Even fabrics, like flat sennit, may be woven into baskets. In passing warps, the weft may be checker, wicker, twill, wra])ping, half hitched, knot, belaying, figure-of-8, etc. Weft . — ddie active parts of basketwork founded on warps or “ stakes.” 48 PROCEEDIXas OE THE XATIOXAL MEl^EUM VOL. XXXV. ^Vliipped, v'hipphic /. — Joined with an overcast nioveinent, as in coiled basketry. Wick-er . — Basketwork in which the passive parts are rio-id and the active are flexible, passing- in and ont among the former. (See Plates I, XVI.) idemnq . — A great deal of ^lalaysian basketry is Avider at the to]). In o])enwork this is accoinplished by simply increasing the distances between the warps in ascending. Another Avay is to insert new Avarps above the corners of the footing. Wind {w(yand ). — To pass spirally around a fixed core or axis. A useful Avord for the A^ery common technic of ])assing a thin split spirally about a stem or a number of splits, to make them one. In American basketry a bunch of splits are Avound and at the same time caught to the coil beloAv ; but the Malays do more of this Avinding, because they liaAU much longer and more uniform material. Woodwork . — (See Joiner- work.) IT o r k. — The termination work ” may be applied in describing basketry, to the materials, the processes, or the products of the industry. There may be spatheAvork, barlvAvork, bastwork, Avood- Avork, leafwork, stemwork, and rootAvork, either in the rough or prepared. There Avill be knotAvork, braidAvork, checkerAvork, tAvillAvork, tAvinework, coihvork, AvrapAvork, and combinations of these. Each of these processes may also be employed elsewhere, giving rise to roofAvork, AvallAvork, floor Avork, inatAVork, hoopAvork, and joiner Avork. The plant world Avill for a long time be in the way throughout Malaysia, offering superabundance of material to the textile art. Wrap . — To pass around, as Avhere a flexible element is passed about one or more rigid ones. There is a wrapped technic, found in Southern California, in the mounds of the Mississippi Valley, and Fig. 41. — Single-wkapped avept. NO. 1631 . VOCABULARY OF MALAY AN BABKETWORK—MABON. 49 among the Andamanese, in which a weft makes one turn about each Avarp in passing; another form in Oregon and the Andamans, in which one strand of a twine goes straight and the other wraps about it. Wrapped lattice is another name for it. (See Plate XVII and figs. 40, 41.) There are specimens of this single-wrapped weft in the Abbott collecticns. Fig. 41 and Plate XVII show the general appearance of the wrapped weft on whole rattan stems. united with alternate finer vertical warps on which the wrappings are also upright and sug- gest the American Makah, or bird-cage technic. The half hitch- ing and the overhand wrapping with the cutaway warps at the rim must not be overlooked. The ten Avarp stems are bent V-shape and cross on the bottoms. Cat. No. 221538, U.S.N.M., shoAvn in fig. 40, is a genuine surprise, an example of Avrapped tAvinedwork from Simalur Island. The three elements are present, as in the Makah Avork of the Vancouver Island baskets, only the Avrapping is done Avith stiffer material. (See Aboriginal American Basketry, pp. 235, 236.) Yarn. — Fibers loosely tAvisted together in 2-strand twine. Zigzag . — A broken line of equal angular portions, applied to struc- ture or decoration. Dr. Edgar A. Mearns gave a carrying basket from Mindanao having an open checker bottom. About the outer roAv of checkers, in order to hold the parts firm for the upsett, is a zigzag wrap in rattan, a turn and a half about each square. The lacing doubles alternately on the back and on the front. BIBLIOGRAPHY. The bibliography for this region of wonderfully mixed cultures is extremely rich in English, Dutch, French, German, and Italian publications. The litera- ture will be found both in journals and in standard works. The principal Eng- lish journals are the following: American Anthropologist. Washington, 1888-1898, new ser., 18994-. In each number of the present series is a summary of anthropological literature. Astatic Researches. Vols. I-XX. Calcutta, 1788-1839, 4to. Geographical Magazine. London, 1874-1878, 4to. Inman Antiquary. Bombay, 1872+. Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. London, 1843-1908. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Calcutta, lS32-f-. Indian Archi- pelago and Eastern Asia. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Soiuety of Great P>ritain and Ireland. liondon, 8vo., 1834 + . Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Soc’iety. Singapore, 1878 4-. A few of the standard works are mentioned, chielly on account of their com- prehensive information and their illustrations. In some of them will be found good bibliographies. I*roc, N. M. vol. XXXV — 08 4 50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXV. Annandale, Nelson, and Robinson. H. C. Fasciculi Malayensies. (Anthropo- logical and Zoological Results of an Expedition to Perak and the Siamese Malay States.) London, 1903, Anthropolgy, Pt. 1. Ball, V. On Nicobarese Ideographs. Journal of the Anthropological Institute, X, London, 1880, p. 103, with bibliography. Beccari, Odoakdo. Nelle Foreste di Borneo. Firenze, 1902, 668 pp., 8vo. The appendixes give excellent account of plants, native names, scientific names, and uses. Bock, Carl. The Head-hunters of Borneo, London, 1882, 344 pp,, 30 pis., map. Bkeitenstein, II. Einnndzwanzig Jahre in Indien. Part 1. Borneo. Leipzig, 1899, 264 pp., 8 figs. Part 2 is Java, Part 3 is Sumatra. Brigham, William T. Mat and Basket Weaving of the Ancient Hawaiians. With an account of Nets and Nettings. Memoirs of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum. Honolulu, II, 1906, No. 1, pp. 105-162, 166 figs., 14 pis. Emmons, G. T. The Basketry of the Tlinkit. Memoirs of the American Mu- seum of Natural History. New York, 1903, III, Pt. 2, p. 229, 14 pis., 73 figs. Especially good for comparison of borders. Flower, William H. Papers on the Andaman Skulls. Journal of the An- thropological Institute, IX, 1879, p. 108, and 1884, p. 115; Journal of the Royal Institute, London, Appendix, 1888. Furness, William Henry. The Home-life of Borneo Head-Hunters, Its Festi- vals and Folk-Lore. Philadelphia, 1902, 196 pp., 88 pis. . Glimpses of Borneo. Proceedings of the American Philosophical So- ciety, Philadelphia, XXXV, 1897, p. 309. Haddon, a. C. Evolution in Art as illustrated by the Life. — Histories of Designs, London, 1895. FIaeckel, Ernst. India and Ceylon. New York, 1883, 174 pp. Hose, Charles. A Journey up the Baram River, etc., Borneo. Geographical Journal, London I, 1893, p. 193. In the Heart of Borneo, idem., 1900, XVI, p. 39. Hugel, a. V. The Land of Bataks. Geographical Journal, London, 1896. Index. Jayne, Caroline Furness. String Figures. A Study of Cats-cradle in many lands. New York, 1906, 408 pp., 17 pis., 867 figs., 10 pis. from W. E. Roth, Bibliography. Kloss, C. Boden. In the Andamans and Nicobars. The narrative of a cruise in the schooner “ Terrapin,” with notices of the islands, their fauna, eth- nology, etc. London, 1903. Map, plates, text, figures. Illustrations and text on aborigines, houses, basketry, and woman’s work. The “ Terrapin ” is Doctor Abbott’s vessel, and the book is the result of an expedition to make a good representative collection for the U. S. National Museum. . Lapicques Forschungsreise auf den Andamanen. Globus, Braunsch- weig, LXIX, 1896, p. 167. Lehmann, J. Systematik und geographische Verbreitung der Geflectsarten. Abhandlungen d. Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen. Museums zu Dres- den, XI, No. 3, 1907, 3 pis., 166 figs, on baskets, 29 figs, on knots. Man, E. H. Descriptive Catalogue of Nicobar objects. Indian Antiquary. February, April, May, June, 1895. The Aboriginal Inhabitants of the Anda- man Islands, Journal Anthrop. Inst., London, Vols. VII, XI, XII. Index. Marsden, William. The History of Sumatra, containing an account of the Government, Laws, Customs, and Manners of the Native Inhabitants, etc. 2d ed. London, 1784, pp. 374, xii, map. Martin, Rudolf. Die Inlandstiimme der Malayischen Halbinsel. Jena, 1905, 1052 pp., 8vo, 137 figs., 26 pis., 1 chart. Excellent bibliography, pp. 1042- 1052, xo. 1631. VOCABULARY OF MALAYSIAY BASKmAVORK—MA80^\ 51 Martin, Rudolf. Die Ureinwohner cler Malayischen Halbinsel. Correspblatt d. deiitscb. Antbrop. Gesel., Municli, 1899, No. 10, p. 125. Mason, Otis T. Aboriginal American Basketry. Report of the United States National Museum, 1902 (1904), with Bibliography and Glossary. Merrill, Elmer D. A Dictionary of Plant Names of the Philippine Islands. Bureau of Government Laboratories, no. 8, 1903. Modigliani, Elio. Fra i Batacchi independente, Bulletino della Societa Geo- grafica Italiana, Rome, February, 1892. 190 pp., 23 pis., 35 figs., map. . L’Isola delle Donne. Viaggio ad Engano, Milano, 1894, 312 pp., 25 pis., 50 figs., map. Good bibliography. . JMateriale per lo Studio dell’Isola Sipora (Mentawei) pp. 1-46. Rome, 1898. 1 pi., 13 figs. Okey, Thomas. Basket-making. Journal of the Society of Arts, London, Janu- ary 11, 1907, pp. 186-197, fig. 1. Pleyte, C. M. Die Mentawei Tnseln und ihre Bewohner. Globus, Braunsch- weig, LXXIX, 1901, pp. 1, 24. Raap, H. Reisen auf der Insel Nias bei Sumatra. Globus, Braunschweig LXXXIII, 1903, pp. 149-171. Rosenberg, H. von. Der Malayische Archipel. Leipzig, 1878. Roth, H. Ling. The Natives of Sarawak and British North Borneo. New York, 1896, 2 vols., 550 illustrations. Bibliography. Skeat, W. W. Malay Magic. London, 1900. , and C. O. Blagden. Pagan Races of the Malay Peninsula. London, 1906, 2 vols., 8vo. Many plates. Bibliography up to date renders a long list, here unnecessary. Smith, Hugh M. The Fyke Nets and Fyke Net Fisheries of the United States. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, Washington, 1892, pp. 299-355, pis. 72-91. Temple, Col. R. Blue Book on the Andamans ; also with V. Solomon. Diaries from Car Nicobar. Journal of the Anthropological Institute, Loudon, XXXII, p. 202. Wallace, A. R. The Malay Archipelago. The land of the orang utan and the bird of paradise. New York, 1869, 638 pp., 51 ill., 9 maps, vocabularies. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXV PL. 1 i Types of Malaysian Basketwork. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXV PL. II Burden Basket from Siaba Bay. For explanation of plate see page 7. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXV PL. Ill Six-Sided Burden Basket, Pagi Islands. For explanation of plate see page 15. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXV PL. Drills and Prickers for Basket-making. For explanation of plate see page 18 . U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXV PL. V Twilled Basket from West Borneo. For explanation of plate see page 18. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXV PL. VI Covered Burden Basket. j i I I For explanation of plate see page 20 . U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXV PL. VI! Burden Crate in Hexagonal Work. FOU EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 22. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXV PL. VIII Burden Basket, Showing Hoopwork. For explanation of plate see page 23. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXV PL. IX Coarse Leafwork Basket. For explanation of plate see page 30 . U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXV PL. X Coarse Spathework Baskets. For explanation of plate see page 30 , U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXV PL. XI Primitive Basket Forms. For explanation of plate see page 30 . u. s. national museum PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXV PL Basket Showing Mad Weave. For explanation of plate see page 31. U, S. NATIONAL MUSEUM proceedings, VOL. XXXV PL. XIII Carrying Frame in Single Element. For explanation of plate see page 38. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXV PL. XIV Basket of Spathework, with Cycloid Cover. For explanation of plate see page 38 . NATIONAL MUSEUM proceedings, VOL. XXXV PL. XV Malaysian Basketry Tools. PLATE SEE PAGE 45. For explanation of U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXV PL. XVI Basket Showing Wickerwork. For explanation of plate see page 48 . U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXV PL. XVI Burden Basket in Single-wrapped Weft. For explanation of plate see page 49 . SM ITH SON IAN I NSTIT UTK )N UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM VOLUME XXXV WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 19 09 ) ADVERTISEMENT. The scientific publications of the National Museum consists of two series — Proceedings and Bulletins. The Proceedings, the first volume of which was issued in 1878, are intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers based on the collections of the National Museum, setting forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology^ and geology derived there- from, or containing descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited groups. A volume is issued annually or oftener for distribution to libraries and scientific establishments, and, in view of the importance of the more prompt dissemination of new facts, a limited edition of each paper is printed in pamphlet form in advance. The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table of contents of the volume. The present volume is the thirty-fifth of this series. The Bulletin, publication of which was begun in 1875, is a series of more elaborate papers, issued separately, and, like the Proceedings, based chiefly on the collections of the National Museum. A quarto form of the Bulletin, known as the '^Special Bulletin,” has been adopted in a few instances in which a larger page was deemed indispensable. Since 1902 the volumes of the series known as ^^Contributions from the National Herbarium,” and containing papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum, have been published as Bulletins. Richard Ratiibun, Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, In charge of the United States National Museum . EmiRUARY 20, 1909. Ill TABLE OF COISTTEATS. Bassler, Bay S. The Formation of Geodes with Remarks on the Silicification of Fossils. — No. 1637. November 7, 1908“ . See under Ulrich, E. O Busck, August. A Generic Revision of American Moths of the Family CEcophoridse, with Descriptions of New Species. — ^No. 1644. October 31, 1908® New genera: Gerdana, Durrantia, Inga, Decantha, Fabiola. New species: Gerdana caritella, Cryptolechia canariella, C. huachu- cella, C. ciliella, Agonopteryx plummerella. Clark, Austin Hobart. The Axial Canals of the P.ecent Pentacrinitidse. — No. 1634. October 30, 1908® . The Homologies of the Arm Joints and Arm Divi- sions in the Recent Crinoids of the Families of the Coma- tulida and the Pentacrinitidse. — No. 1636. October 30, 1908® -- New genera: Ilypalocrinus, Endoxocrinus . Dall, William Healey. Descriptions and Figures of some Land and Fresh- water Shells from Mexico, believed to be New. — No. 1642. November 10, 1908® New section: Crossostephanus . New species: Coelocentrum {Crossostephanus) palmeri, Streptostyla hartschii, S. toyuca, S . jilitlana, Euglandina livida, Lampsilis {Prop- ter a) salinasensis. Dyar, Harrison G,, and Frederick Knab. Descri])tions of some New Mosquitoes from Tropical America. — No. 1632. October 30, 1908® New species: Aides epactius, A. cuneatus, A. argentescens, .1. haru- spicus, A. horridus, A. aldrichi, Culex chrysonotum, C. daumasto- campa, (\ pinarocampa, C. consternator, C. stenolepis, C. aikenii, C. eumimeles, Sahethcs tarsopus, S. sehausi, Lesticocampa schedo- cyclia, Proso pole pis jocosa, Phoriiornyia sitnmsi, Wyeomyia aba- scanta, W. gynxcopus, \V. ablechra, W. ablabes, W. abebela, IT. abia, W. andropus, W. clasoleaca, W. dymodora, W. baria, W. viegalo- dora, W. matxa, W. argyrura. New name: Anopheles cruzii. Gill, Theodore. Chmrodon in ])lace of Chau-oj)s for a La- broid Genus of Fishes. — No. 1638. Octol)er 31 , 1908 ®. _ Page. 133-154 277-340 187-207 87-91 113-131 177-182 53-70 155-156 “ Date of j)iil)licatioM. VI TABLE OF CONTENTS. Hahn, Walter L. Xotes on the Mammals ami Cold- blooded Vertebrates of the Indiana Universit}" Farm, Mitchell, Indiana. — Xo. 1655. December 7 , 1908“ Hay, Oliver P, Descriptions of Five Sj)ecies of Xortb American Fossil Turtles, Four of which are Xew. — Xo. 1640. Xovember 9, 1908 “ New species: IJoplochelys cselata, Echmatemys rivalis, Terra pene longinsulse, Aspideretes granifer. — . On certain Genera and Species of Carnivorous Dinosaurs, with special Reference to Ceratosaurus nasi- cornis Marsh. — Xo. 1648. October 31, 1908“ FIolmes, Samuel J. The Amphipoda collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries Steamer Albatross off the West Coast of Xorth America in 1903 and 1904, with Descriptions of a Xew Family and several Xew Genera and Species. — Xo. 1654. XToveml)er 20, 1908“ Xew family: Stilipedidx. New genera: Valettiopsis, Lalcota, Koroga, Ariiga, Gracilipes, Acan- thopleustes, Stilipes. New species: Vihilia californica, Orchomenella affinis, Valettiopsis dentatus, Tryphosa caeca, Lalcota carinata, Scopelocheirus coccus, Koroga megalops, Aruga oculata, Ampelisca cristata, A. plumosa, A. pacifica, A. californica, A. cceca, A. lohata, Paraphoxus robustus, Harpinia oculata, II. affinis, Metopa pacifica, Gracilipes natator, G. distincta, Neopleustes oculatus, Acanthopleustes annectens, Stilipes distincta, Mxra spinicauda, Eurystheus dentatus. FIrdlicka, Ales. Xew Examples of American Indian Skulls with Low Forehead. — Xo. 1641. Xovember 9, 1908“ Kearfott, William Dunham. Descriptions of Xew Spe- cies of Xorth American Crambid Moths. — Xo. 1649. Oc- tober 31, 1908 “ i New species: Surattha (?) santella, S. indentella, Mesolia oraculella, M. huachucaella, Prionapteryx serpentella, Eugrotea (?) yavapai, Cramhus cocJdeellus, C. youngellus, C. polingi, C. interrnedius, C. dorsipunctellus, C. nevadellus, C. simpliciellus, Thaumatopsis coloradella, T. gibsonella, T. atomosella, T. crenulatella, Diatrxa parallela, Chilo multipunctellus, C. puritellus. Knab, Frederick. See under Dyar, Harrison G Knowlton, Frank Hall. Description of Xew Fossil Liver- wort from the Fort Union Beds of Montana. — Xo. 1639. November 9, 1908“ New species: Marchantia pealei. Page. 545-581 161-169 35U366 489-543 171-175 367-393 53-70 157-159 « Date of publication. TABLE OF CONTENTS. VII Page. Mason, Otis T. Vocabulary of Malaysian Basketwork: a Study in the W. L. Abbott Collections. — No. 1631. November 7, 1908 ® 1-51 Nutting, Charles C. Alcyonaria of the Californian Coast. — No. 1658. February 20, 1909® 681-727 New species: Telesto ambigua, Anthomastus ritteri, Ilalisceptrum cystiferum, Acanthoptilum album, A. annulatum, Balticina pacifica, Halipteris contorta, Stachyptilum quadridentatum, Umbellula loma, Eumuricea pusilla, Psammogorgia simplex, P. torreyi, P. spaul- dingi, Stenogorgia hofoidi. Oberholser, Harry C. A Revision of the Kingfisher Genus Ramphalcyon (Pelargopsis). — No. 1657. Febru- ary 9, 1909® 657-680 New subspecies: Ramphalcyon capensis isoptera, R. c. nesoeca, R. c. cyanopteryx, R. c. hydrophila. Rathbun, Mary J. Descriptions of Fossil Crabs from California. — No. 1647. November 14, 1908 ® 341-349 New genera: Branchiolambrus, Archseopus. New species: Cancer fissus, Branchiolambrus altus, Archseopus antennatus. Rehn, James A. G. Two New Species of Neotropical Or- thoptera of the Family Acrididse. — No. 1650. October 30, 1908® 395-398 New species: Inusia antillarum, Proctolabus bullatus. Richardson, Harriet. Some New Isopoda of the Super- family Aselloidea from the Atlantic Coast of North America. — No. 1633. October 30, 1908® 71-86 New genera: Rhacura, Ilaploniscus . New species: lolella glabra, Rhacura pulchra, Haploniscus excisus, II. retrospinis, Janirella lobata, Munna truncata, Ileteromesus granulatus, H. spinescens, Eurycope magnispinis. New name: Ischnomesus. . Some New Isopods of the Family Gnathiidae from the Atlantic Coast of North America. — No. 1653. No- vember 20, 1908® 483-488 New species: Bathygriathia curvirostris, Gnathia multispmis, G. serrata. Richmond, Charles W. Generic Names a})})lied to Birds during the Years 1901 to 1905, inclusive, with further Additions to Waterhouse’s ^Hndex Generum Avium.” — No. 1656. December 16, 1908® 5S3-655 Sharpe, Richard W. A further Rejmrt on the Ostracoda of the United States National Museum. — No. 1651. No- vember 19, 1 908 ® 399-430 New species: Spirocyprls taberculata, I lyodronnis pcctinalus, Cythere americana, C. papillosa. Date of publication. VIII TABLE OF CONTEXTS. Smith, John B. A Ke vision of some Species of Noctuidie heretofore referred to the Genus Iloinoptera Boisdnval. — No. 1645. November 10, 1908 “ New species: Phxocyma insuda, P. 7iorda, P. metata, P. cwema, P. helata, P. largera, P. bethunei, P. Colorado, P. rubiata, P. yavapai. Snyder, John Otterbein. Descriptions of Eighteen New Species and Two New Genera of Fishes from Japan and the Bill Kin Islands. — No. 1635. October 30, 1908 New genera: Dory plena, Xenisthmus. New species: Leptocephalus flavirostris, Gymnothorax odiosus, G. chlamydatus, Lepidaplois loxozonus, L. mirabilis, Choerops jordani, Callyodon lunula, Iletereleotris arenarius, Gnatholepis sindonis, Am- blygobius naraharae. Dory plena okinawae, D. lanegasimx, Xenislh- mus proriger, Allicus margarilarius, A. novemmaculosus, Salarias muscarus, S. sinuosus, Enchelyurus hepburni. . Notes on Two Rare California Fishes, Bimicola eigenmanni and Plagiogrammiis hopkinsi. — No. 1643. October 31, 1908 “ Ulrich, Edward O., and Bay" S. Bassler. New American Paleozoic Ostracoda. Preliminary Revision of the Beyri- chiidse, with Descriptions of New Genera. — No. 1646. No- vember 10, 1908 ® New genera: Scojieldia, Trej)osella, Hollina, Klcedenella, Kirkbyina, Jonesina. New subgenus: Sleusloffia. New species: Beijrichia moodeyi, B. waldronensis, Kloedenia cenlri- cornis, K. fnnbriala, K. marginalis, K. prxnuntia, K. punclillosa, K. r eli/era. New name: Beyrichia granulifera. Wilson, Charles Branch. North American Parasitic Copepods: a List of those found upon the Fishes of the Pacific Coast, with Descriptions of New Genera and Spe- cies. — No. 1652. December 10, 1908 New genera: Arlacolax, Pseudochondracanlhus, Achtheinus, Opimia, Phrixocephalus . New species: Chondracanlhus epacthes, Pseudochondracanlhus dice- raus, Lepeophlherius parvus, L. conslriclus, L. insignis, Achtheinus oblongus, Eudaclylina uncinala, Halschekia pinguis, Lernxenicus medusxus, Opimia exilis, Phrixocephalus cincinnalus, Brachiella gracilis, B. anserina, Lernxopoda gibber, L. beani, L. bicauliculala, L. falculala. New genus name: Arlacolax (Bomolochus) ardeolx. Pas:?. 209-275 93-1 1 1 183-186 277-340 431-481 Date of publication. LIST OF ILLIISTEATIOFTS. TEXT FIGURES. Pa^e Close, oblique checkerwork with inwoven border, showing finished basket and detail of border 8 Figure-of-8 borderwork 9 Looped and braided borderwork 9 Borderwork concealing rough ends with hoops and knotwork 10 Ends of warps turned down for borderwork 10 Rattan stems braided in pairs over bent-down warps 11 Lattice bottom, with twined upsett in boustroph 12 Bottom of globular wicker basket 13 Braidwork in carrying zone of burden basket 14 Braid work loops for carrying band 14 Four-strand braid in carrying zone 14 Braids in two colors in carrying zone. . . 15 Carrying zone strengthened by hoop work - 15 Upright and oblique checkerwork ' 16 Coiled basket, single-rod foundation, spiral bottom 17 Curled work in pandanus leaf • 18 Methods of forming handles Plain hexagonal technic and border. Hexagonal elements in pairs Hexagonal technic with wdde horizontals - 23 Overhand knot in single strand 25 Ornamental knotw’ork on shields 25 Single knots in Malaysian basketwork 20 Round turns and half hitches in a wooden cradle 26 Malay knots 27 Mousing knots on borders 27 Knotwork on Malaysian shields 28 Knotwork and braidwork united 28 Single lacing in Engano basketwork 29 Double lacing in Engano basketwork 30 Process of making a basket over a wooden mold 32 Process of making a basket over a mold of stiff bark 33 Active elements in sets Double sewing on.shield Sewing forming 3-strand twine Beginning of single-stem basket Proc-esses on single-stem basket Finishing processes on single-stem basket Three-direc'tions technic with varying ('lements Wrapped twinedwork X LIST OF TLLUSTKATTOXS. Haploniscus retrospinis. Abdomen of female J/aploniscus retrospinis. (Second antenna) Haploniscus retrospinis. Abdomen of male JanireUa lohata JanireUa lohata. First le" of female JanireUa lohata. Seventh leg of female JanireUa lohata. First pleopod of male Munna truncata Mimna truncata. First pleopoda of male Ileteromesus granulatus. Female Ileteromesus granulatus. Second antenna of female Ileteromesus granulatus. First leg of female Ileteromesus granulatus. Middle part of body of male Ileteromesus granulatus. Abdomen of male Ileteromesus spinescens . Male Eurycope truncata Eurycope magnispinis Diagram showing the course of the axial canals in Isocrinus decorus and Meta- crinus rotundus Diagram showing the course of the axial canals in Isocrinus decorus in their natural position Portion of stem of very young Isocrinus decorus., before the development of the Petaloid sectors Joint faces in a very young stem of Isocrinus decorus, but somewhat older than the stem shown in the preceding figure Lateral view of an isolated infrabasal of Isocrinus decorus or Metacrinus rotundus, showing the furrow which forms half of the canal containing the primary axial cord The infrabasals of Isocrinus decorus or Metacrinus rotundus spread outward, showing the course of the furrows along their apposed sides The circlet of infrabasals of Isocrinus decorus or Metacrinus rotundus, showing the apertures by which the primary axial canals leave the circlet of infra- basals to enter the basals A basal of Isocrinus decorus or Metacrinus rotundus viewed from the inner end, showing the single aperture by which the primary axial cord enters from the circlet of infrabasals and the two apertures by which the two branches leave the basal and enter the radials The same basal, ground down to the plane passing through the center of the three apertures to show the course of the canals and the transverse connective within the basal The same basal, viewed ventrally (distally), showing the two apertures by which the two branches of the primary axial canal leave the basal and enter two adjacent radials. . Dorsal (proximal) view of a radial, showing the two apertures by which the canals enter from two adjacent basals, and the two apertures by which the circular commissure leaves the radial The same radial ground down to a plane passing through all the apertures, show- ing the course of the canals within the radial A direct (not foreshortened) view of the ground surface of the same radial A basal of Endoxocrinus parrx viewed from the interior of the calyx, showing the two apertures by which the branches of the primary cord enter the basal, and the two apertures by which they leave the basal and enter two adjacent radials; the course of the canals within the basal is indicated by dotted lines. . Pajjt'. 70 70 70 78 78 7 <) 79 80 80 82 82 82 88 88 88 85 85 87 88 88 88 89 89 89 89 89 89 90 90 90 90 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. ^ XI Page. Diagram showing the course of the canal in Endoxocrinus parrx 90 Diagram illustrating the difference in the arrangement of the axial canals be- tween Isocrinus decorus and Metacrinus rotundus and Endoxocrinus parrse; the diagram, with the omission of the dotted line, represents the condition in Isocrinus decorus and Metacrinus rotundus; in Endoxocrinus parrse the infra- basals are entirely resorbed and the basals are resorbed as far as the dotted line, with a corresponding increase of the small central area 91 Articular face of a “straight muscular” articulation 115 Articular face of an “oblique muscular” articulation../. 115 An axillary with “straight muscular” distal faces.... 115 Dorsal view of an axillary united to the preceding joint by “synarthry,” and to the two succeeding by “straight muscular” articulations 116 Articular face of a “ synarthry ” 116 An axillary with “oblique muscular” distal faces 116 Articular face of a “syzygy” 116 Dorsal view of an axillary, all three of whose faces are “oblique muscular; ” the articulation between the two post-axillary joints is also “oblique muscular ” . . 117 Pentametrocrinidse; Pentametrocrinus 117 Proximal part of arm of Pentametrocrinus tuberculatus , showing the external appearance of the articulations. .^ 117 Proximal part of arms of Thaumatpmetra tenuis, showing the external-appearance of the articulations ' 117 Pentametrocrinidse; Thaumato(^inus 118 Pentametrocrinidse; Became trdcrinus 118 Zygometridse; Eudiocrinus . ./ 118 Zygometridx; Zygometra. . i 118 Zygometridx; Catoptometfa 119 Antedonidx; Heliometra 119 Atelecrinidx; Atelecrinus 119 Thalassometridx; Charitometra 120 Ilimerometridx; Ilimerometrd; also, Comasteridx; Phanogenia 120 Comasteridx; Comatula .120 Comasteridx; Comatula 121 Comasteridx; Comatula 121 Comasteridx; Oomaster 122 Uintacrinidx; Uintacrinus; the “interradial” and interbrachial })lates are omitted so as to more clearly bring out the arms and pinnules 125 Pentacrinitidx; Endoxocrinus 126 Pentacrinitidx; Isocrinus 126 Pentacrinitidx; Metacrinus 127 Sketch showing occurrence of geodes in Knobstone shales 1;16 Posterior portion of carapace of Glyptops plicatulus 161 Portiop of carapace of Echmatemys rivalis 164 Plastron of Echmatemys rivalis 166 Side view of the Missouri skull 174 1. Left side of entire specimen of AepmA’Ph fabulites. 2. Left valve <)f /Nor/u/uic ? subnodosa. 3. Right valve of Isochilina ? clavigera. 4. L('ft valve of Bey- richia tuberculata. 5. Right valve of Beyrichia clavata Kolmodin. 6. Left; /valve of Ctenobolbina alata Ulrich. 7. Left valve of Ctenobolbina ciliata , (Emmons). 8. Beyrichia (Sleuslo(/ia) linnarssoni (Krause). Right, valve. 9. Beyrichia salteriuna Jones. 10. Different views of a left valve of Beyrichia tuberculata-buchiana Reuter 282 Copy of McCoy’s original sketches of Beyrichia khrdcni 283 XII LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Left valve and side and edge views of another left valve of BolUa regularis (Emmons). Left valve of Beyrichia huchiana Jones.' 288 A left valve of Beyrichia tuberculata, with the lines of a Drepanella drawn over it . . 290 Right valve of Drepanella macra Ulrich. Left valve of Beyrichia tuberculata (Klmden). Right valve of Drepanella crassinoda Ulrich for comparison with left valve of Beyrichia noetlingi Reuter. Left valve of Drepanella nitida (Ulrich) for comparison with the corresponding valve of Beyrichia baueri Reuter 291 Left valve of Drepanella richardsoni (Miller). Right valve of Beyrichia tumida (Ldrich). Right valve of Seyrfc/a'a fata Hall. Right valve of Treposella lyoni (Ulrich) 292 Right valve of Ctenobolbina subcrassa Ulrich. Right valve of Beyrichia plicata (Krause). Left valve of Beyrichia reuteri Krause. Right valve of Beyrichia salteriana Jones. The figures illustrate the relation and probable derivation of the Beyrichia salteriana group from a Ctenobolbina like subcrassa 293 Left valve of Beyrichia clavata Kolmodin. Left valve of Beyrichia granulifera, new name. Right valve of Beyrichia tumida (Ulrich). The figures illustrate the resemblance of the Beyrichia clavata group to the B. interrupta group and show the similar antero- ventral prolongation of the posterior lobe 294 Left valve of Beyrichia (Steusloffia) linnarssoni (Krause). Right valve of Strepula concentrica Jones and IIoll. Left valve of Strepula irregularis Jones and IIolL Left valve of Beyrichia ( TetradellaT) erratica Krause. Left valve of Strepula? lineata granulosa Steusloff. Shows similar development of superfi- cial linear crests in Steusloffia and Strepula 296 Left valve of Ctenobolbina unibonata (Steusloff). Right valve of Ctenobolbina fulcrata (Ulrich). Right valve of Ctenobolbina inipressa (Steusloff). Left valve of Ctenobolbina subcrassa Ulrich. Left valve of Beyrichia (Steusloffia) antiqua (Steusloff). Left valve of Beyrichia (Steusloffiia) acuta (Krause) 297 Right valve of Beyrichia reticulata (Krause), and the same valve of Eurychilina reticulata (Ulrich), showing the similarity of the two forms referred to in the text 298 Right valve of Beyrichia interrupta (Jones). Left valve of Beyrichia v-scripta (Krause). Right valve of Eurychilina subradiata Ulrich. Left valve of Bey- richia clavata Kolmodin. Left valve of Beyrichia (Steusloffia) acuta (Krause). The illustrations show possible derivation of the Beyrichia interrupta group from Eurychilina and its relation to the Beyrichia clavata group and to Steus- loffia 299 Right valve of Kloedenia wilchensiana (Jones) (female individual), and Beyrichia salteriana Jones, respectively, showing the relation of Kloedenia to the B. sal- teriana group. Left side, end, and ventral views of complete carapace of Kloedenella pennsylvanica (Jones) . Right and left valves of Kloedenia nearpassi (Weller). Left and right valves, the latter a female form, of Kyammodes Jciesowi (Krause). Left valve and anterior view of complete carapace of Kyammodes whidbornei Jones. The similarity of Kloedenia, Kloedenella, Kyam- modes, and the Beyrichia salteriana group are shown in the above figures 304 Left valve of Bollia sym/metrica (Hall). Right valve of Kloedenella halli (Jones). Right valve of Kloedenella turgida, new species. Right valve of Beyrichia ? par- allela Ulrich. These figures illustrate the similarity of expression of Bollia to Kloedenella, and the possible derivation of Kloedenella from the Richmond species Beyrichia ? parallela 1U9 Ceratosaurus nasicornis. Right side of skull - 360 Ceratosaurus nasicornis. Skull seen from the left side 360 Ceratosaurus nasicornis. Skull seen from the right side LIST OF ILLUSTRATIOiSIS. XIII l‘age. Ceratosaurus nasicornis. Inner face of left mandible. 1, angular; 2, supra- angular; 3, articular; 4, splenial; 5, dentary 362 Venation of Uscodys cestalis 368 Two views of head structure of Uscodys cestalis 368 Venation of fore wing of Surattha santella 371 Venation of Eugrotea yavapai 378 Venation of Eufernaldia argenteonervella 385 Head of Eufernaldia argenteonervella 386 Head and enlarged antenna of Thaumatopsis coloradella 387 Head and enlarged antenna of Thaumatopsis gibsonella 388 Head and enlarged antenna of Thaumatopsis atomosella 389 Head and enlarged antenna of Thaumatopsis crenulatella 390 Head and enlarged antenna of Thaumatopsis repanda 390 Head and enlarged antenna of Thaumatopsis pexella 391 Venation of Diatrsea parallela 392 Head and palpi of Diatrsea parallela 392 Inusia antillarum. Lateral view of type 395 Inusia antillarum. Dorsal view of head and pronotum 396 Proctolabus bullatus. Lateral view of type 397 Proctolabus bullatus. Dorsal view of head and pronotum 398 Proctolabus bullatus. Dorsal view of apex of abdomen 398 Bathygnathia curvirostris 484 Bathygnathia curvirostris. Mandible 484 Bathygnathia curvirostris. First leg of male 484 Gnathia multispinis 486 Gnathia multispinis. Mandible 486 Gnathia serrata 487 Gnathia serrata. Underside of anterior portion of head 487 Vibilia calif ornica. Head and antennae; first gnathopod; second gnathopod; first perseopod; fourth perseopod 491 Vibilia californica. Uropods and telson; fifth permopod 491 Orchomenella affinis. First antenna; first perseopod; fifth perseopod; first uropod 493 Orchomenella affinis. Third segment of the abdomen; first gnathopod; second gnathopod; second maxilla; telson; third uropod 493 Valettiopsis dentatus. First antenna; second antenna; fourth segment of the abdomen; mandible; first maxilla; second maxilla; maxilliped; telson; third uropod 494 Valettiopsis dentatus. First gnathopod; second gnathopod 495 Tryphosa cceca. First antenna; third segment of the abdomen; fourth segment of the abdomen ; mandible; maxilliped; first perseopod 496 Tryphosa cceca. First gnathopod; second gnathopod 497 LaJcota carinata. Third abdominal segment; first gnathopod; second gnatho- pod; mandible; maxilliped; telson; second uropod; third uropod 499 Scopelocheirus coecus 500 Scopelocheirus ccecus. First gnathopod; lower lip; mandible; first maxilla; second maxilla; maxilliped; telson; first uropod; third uropod 501 Scopelocheirus coecus. First antenna; second antenna; second gnathopod; first perseopod 501 Koroga megalops. Third segment of the abdomen; fourth segment of the abdomen; left mandible; first gnathopod; second gnathopod; first maxilla; second maxilla; maxilliped; telson; third uropod 504 XIV LIST OF ILLUSTKATIU^^S. ra.iiv. Aruga oculata. Third segment of the abdomen; first gnathopod; second gnathopod; telson: third uropod 506 Aruga oculata. Mandible; first maxilla; second maxilla; maxilliped; first perseopod; fifth perseopod; first uropod; second uropod 506 Ampelisca cristata, female. First antenna; third segment of the abdomen; fourth segment of the abdomen; first perseopod; telson; first uropod; third uropod 507 Ampelisca cristata, female. First gnathopod; second gnathopod; third perseo- pod; fifth perseopod 508 Ampelisca plumosa, female. Third segment of the abdomen; fourth segment of the abdomen; first gnathopod; third perseopod; fifth perseopod; telson; first uropod; third uropod 509 Ampelisca macrocepkala , female. Third segment of the abdomen; second perse- opod; third perseopod; fifth perseopod; telson; third uropod 510 Arnpelisca pacifica, iemAe. First antenna; fourth abdominal segment; gnatho- pod; fourth perseopod 511 Ampelisca pad flea, ienvAe. Second gnathopod; second perseopod 512 Ampelisca pacifica, female. Third abdominal segment; mandible; tip of maxil- liped; fifth perseopod; telson; first uropod; third uropod 512 Ampelisca calif arnica, female. Third segment of the abdomen; fourth segment of the abdomen; first gnathopod; second perseopod; third perseopod; fifth perseopod; telson; first uropod; third uropod 514 Ampelisca cceca. Third segment of the ahdomen; fourth segment of the abdo- men; first gnathopod; second gnathopod; first perseopod; fourth perseopod; fifth perseopod; telson; third uropod 515 Ampelisca lobata. Third segment of the abdomen; fourth segment of the abdo- men; first gnathopod; third perseopod; fourth perseopod; fifth perseopod; tel- son; third uropod 517 Haploops tubicola. Third segment of the abdomen; first gnathopod; second gnathopod; first perseopod; fourth perseopod; fifth perseopod; telson; third uropod Paraphoxus robustus, female. Third segment of the abdomen; first gnathopod; second gnathopod; mandible; first maxilla; second maxilla; maxilliped; palp of mandible which is not shown in the figure; fourth perseopod; fifth perseo- pod Harpina oculata, female. Third segment of the abdomen; first gnathopod; end of palp of maxilliped; fourth perseopod; fifth perseopod; third uropod 521 Harpina affinis, female. First antenna; third segment of the abdomen; first gnathopod; fourth perseopod; fifth perseopod; telson; third uropod 523 Metopa pacifica, male. First gnathopod; mandible; maxilliped; telson; second uropod Metopa pacifica, male. Second gnathopod; first perseopod; second peneopod. . 525 Gracilipes natator Gracilipes natator. First gnathopod; second gnathopod; mandible; first maxilla; second maxilla; upper lip ^28 Gracilipes natator. Maxilliped; first perseopod; uropod and telson; first uropod. 528 Gracilipes distincta, female. Second gnathopod; lower lip; mandible; second perseopod; telson; third uropod Neopleustes oculatus, female. Third segment of the abdomen; first gnathopod; second gnathopod; maxilliped Neonleustes oculatus, female. Telson; first uropoda; third uropod 532 Acanthopleust.es annectens _ - - Acanthopleustes annectens. First gnathopod; second gnathopod; lower lip; maxilliped LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. XV Rage. Acanthopleustes annectens. First antenna; mandible; first maxilla; second maxilla; telson; upper lip; first uropoda; third uropod 535 Stilipes distincta. Anterior part of body; end of abdomen; right mandible; first maxilla; second maxilla 537 Stilipes distincta, left mandible 537 Stilipes distincta. Maxilliped; first perseopod; fourth perseopod; telson; first uropod; third uropod 538 Stilipes distincta. First gnathopod; second gnathopod; fifth peraeopod 539 Mxra spinicauda. Segment of the abdomen; first gnathopod; second gnatho- pods of the right and left sides; telson; first uropod; third uropod 540 Eurustheus dentatus. Third segment of the abdomen; first gnathopod; second gnathopod; lower lip; first maxilla; first perseopod; telson; first uropod; third uropod 542 PLATES. L'aciug page. 1. Types of Malaysian basketwork 52 2. Burden basket from Siaba Bay 52 3. Six-sided burden basket, Pagi Islands 52 4. Drills and prickers for basket-making 52 5. Twilled basket from West Borneo 52 6. Covered burden basket. : 52 7. Burden crate in hexagonal work 52 8. Burden basket, showing hoopwork 52 9. Coarse leaf work basket 52 10. Coarse spathework baskets 52 11. Primitive basket forms 52 12. Basket showing mad weave 52 13. Carrying frame in single element ' 52 14. Basket of spathework, with cycloid cover 52 15. Malaysian basketry tools 52 16. Basket showing wickerwork 52 17. B urden basket in single-wrapped weft 52 18. A siliceous geode and a geodic cavity 142 19. Invertebrate fossils illustrating formation of geodes 144 20. Crinoidal remains illustrating formation of geodes 146 21. Crinoidal remains illustrating formation of geodes 148 22. Brachiopods showing stages in formation of geodes 150 23. Brachiopods showing stages in formation of geodes 152 24. Invertebrate fossils illustrating formation of geodes 154 25. A new fossil liverwort, Marchantia pealei 160 26. Carapace, plastron, and skull of Terrapene longinsubr 170 27. Costal and peripheral bones of fossil turtles 170 28. Side view of the Oregon skull 176 29. Land shells from Mexico 182 30. Fresh-water shells from Mexico and New Zealand 182 31. Male genitalia of Phxocyma 276 32. Male genitalia of Phxocyma 276 33. Male and female genitalia of PAx’ 067 /ma 276 34. Female genitalia of Phxocyma 276 35. Female genitalia of Phxocyma 276 36. Structural details of leg of Phxocyma lanata 27(5 37. 'Grou{)s oi lieyrichia 326 38. Bcyrichia, Steusloffia, iind Klxdenia '328 39. Tetradella, Kiesoura, and Ceratopsis 330 XVI LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Facing page. 40. Ctenobolbina :I:T2 41. Drepanella and Scofieldia ;I:I4 42. Treposella 2 a\d Ilollina :TF) 43. Kltrdenella, Kirkbyina, Beyrichiella, and Beyrichiopsis 338 44. Jonesina 340 45. LoxorJiynchus grandis 350 46. Loxorhynchus grandis 350 47. Loxorhynchus grandis; Branchiolambrus altus; Archuopus antcnnatiis 350 48. Archaeopus antennatus 350 49. Cancer fissus; Archxopus antennatus 350 50. Spirocypris tuberculata, Cypria dentifera, and Cyclocypris Isevis 430 51. Candona parallela 430 52. Paracandona euplectella 430 53. Cypris fuscata 430 54. Cypris incongruens, Spirocypris tuberculata^ and Cyclocypris Ixvis 430 55. Spirocypris tuberculata, new species 430 56. Ilyocypris gibba and Ilyocypris bradyi 430 57. Ilyodromus pectinatus, new species 430 58. Cyprois marginata 430 59. Notodromas monacha 430 60. Cy there americana, new species 430 61. Cythere papillosa, liQw 430 62. Cylindroleberis oblonga 430 63. Cylindroleberis lobianci 430 64. Pyrocypris americana 430 65. Philomedes brenda and Cylindroleberis lobianci 430 66. The male and female of Chondracanthus epachthes 482 67. The male and female of Pseudochondracanthus diceraus 482 68. The female of Lepeophtheirus parvus 482 69. The female of Lepeophtheirus constrictus 482 70. The female of Lepeophtheirus insignis 482 71. The male and young female of Lepeophtheirus insignis 482 72. The male and female of Trebius tenuifurcatus 482 73. The female and a chalimus of Achtheinus oblongus 482 74. The female of Eudactylina uncinata 482 75. The male and female of Hatschehia pinguis 482 76. The females of Lernseenicus medusseus, Phrixocephalus cincinnatus, and Opimia exilis 482 77. The male and female of Brachiella gracilis 482 78. The female of Brachiella anserina 482 79. The male and female of Brachiella anserina 482 80. The female of Lernxopoda gibber 482 81. The female of Lernxopoda beani 482 82. The female of Lernxopoda bicauliculata 482 83. The female of Lernxopoda falculata 482 84. Alcyonaria of the California coast 728 85. Alcyonaria of the California coast 728 86. Alcyonaria of the California coast 728 87. Alcyonaria of the California coast 728 88. Alcyonaria of the California coast 728 89. Alcyonaria of the California coast 728 90. Alcyonaria of the California coast 728 91. Alcyonaria of the California coast 728 INDEX Page. Aaptus 584 Abalinus 584 Abbott Collections. Vocabulary of Malay- sian Basketwork: A Study in the W. L., by Otis T. Mason. 1 Abernius 584 Ablas 584 Abuceros 584 Acanthaspidia 72 typhlops 72 Acanthis 584 Acanthopleustes 533 annectens 516,533,534 Acanthoptilum 700 album 682,684,701 annulatmn 682,684,703 gracile 682,684,700 pourtalesii 682,684,701 scalpeUiforme 682, 684, 702 Acanthropterus 585 bilobus 585 Acanthura 585 Acanthurus 585 microrhynchus 585 Accentor 585,599 aquations 585 immaculatus 590 Achtheinus 450 oblongus ■ 450 Achtheres coregoni 476 Acridida?. Two New Species of Neotropical Orthoptera of the Family, by James A. G. Rehn 395 Acris gryllus 557,559 gryllus 557 Acritillas 585 Acrocephalus l)istrigiceps 589 Acrochordopus 585 Actinometra 113 Additions to Waterhouse’s “ Index Generum Avium.” Generic Names applied to Birds during the Years 1901 to 1905, inclusive, with further, by C. W. Richmond .583 Adelometra angustiradia 119 Aedes aldrichi 57 argentescens . / .55 atropalpus. ./ .54 cuneatus../ .54 epactius.y 53 haruspiqns .56 horridpS .56 idahehnsis .57 Aegithalus .585 Aegithocichla .585 Aegitbospiza .586 Aegyps .5.86 Page. Acronym pha 586 prosantis 586 Aerornis 586 ni veifrons i 586 Aesalon 586 fringlllarius 586 Aethia 586 cristatella 586 Aethocorys 586 Aethopyga pulcherrima 609 Aethostoma 586 Aetus 586 pygargus 586 Agami 586 Agelaius chopi 584 imthurni _. 637 Agkistrodon contortrix 566 Aglossa cestalis 369 Agonopteryx 190,198 amissella 199 amyrisella 198 arenella. . . .' 199 argillacea 199 arnicella 198 atrodorsella 198 canadensis 199 canella 198 ciniflonella. 198 clemensella 198 curviliniella 198 flavicomella 199 fulva 198 gelidella 198 gracilis 198 klam.athiana 198 lecontella 199 lythrella 199 muricolorella 199 nebulosa 198 nigrijiotella 198 novimundi 198 nul)iferella : 199 ocelkana 198 ])allidella 199 plummerella 199 posticella 199 psoraliella 198 pulvipennella 198 robiniella 199 rosaciliella 198 sal)ulella 199 sanguinella 199 scabella 198,199 tlioraccfasciella 198 thonxcenigrao.(>la 198 umbraticostella 198 72 !) 730 INDEX. Page. Agonopteryx walsinghamiella 198 Agreutes 587 Alauda africana 002,637 bifasciata 602 calandra 595,602 erythropygia 632 ferruginea 637 grayi 588 nigricans 632 trivialis 639 Alaudidae 586, 588, 593, 595, 602, 605, (i32, 637 Ali>atross off the West Coast of North Amer- ica, in 1903 and 1904, with Descriptions of a New Family and several New Genera and Species. The Amphipoda collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries Steamer, by Samuel J. Holmes 489 Albellus 587 Albertosaurus 357 sarcophagus 356 , 357 , 358 , 365 Alca cristatella 586 Alcedinidae 587,590,608,612 Alcedoaurea 616 capensis 660, 663, 664, 665 grandis 616 gurial 669 javana 660,665,666 leucocephala 665 melanorhyncha 660 Alcidae 586,619,630,638,639 Alcyon 587 capensis vel princeps 669 Alcyonacea 685 Alcyonaria of the Californian Coast, by Charles C. Nutting 681 Alcyonidae 682,687 Alector 587 Alectryopelia 587 Allegheny black snake . 565 Allocotopterus /. . . 587 Allosaurus ferox 352 fragilis 352 , 353, 354, 356 Marsh and Creosaurus Marsh 353 mediiis 353 Alnus incana -■ 419 Alopochelidon j 588 Alticus margaritarius / 106 novemmaculosus 107 Aluconidae 626, 647 Amandava ./ 588 punctata j 588 Amblygobius naraharae. . . / 101 Amblyopsis spelaeus /. 546, 548, 549 Amblyospiza concolor. . ./ 625 Amblyrhynchus 588 Ambystoma jeffersonianum 550 punctatum 552 tigrimun 552 Ameiurus melas 546, 549 nebulosus 549 America. Descriptions of some New Mos- quitoes from Tropical, by H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab 53 A.merican Indian Skulls with Low Forehead. New Examples of, by Ales Hrdlidka 171 Page. American Moths of the Family OEcophoridae, with Descriptions of New Species. A Ge- neric Revision of, by August Busck 187 American Paleozoic Ostracoda. Preliminary i Revision of the Beyrichiidae, with Descrip- ‘ tions of New Genera. New. By E. O. Ulrich and Ray S. Bassler 277 Aminornis 588 i excavatus 588 Anunomanes 588 Ammomanoides 588 Ammomanopsis 588 Ammopasser 588 Ammospiza 588 Ampelis 588 cinctus 643 garrula 583,588 Ampelisca brevicornis 514 californica 513,516 coeca 515,517,518 cristata 507 lobata 517 macrocephala 508,510 odontoplax 516 pacifica 511 pliunosa 509 pugetica 514 Ampeliscidae 507 Amphioxus 425 Amphipoda collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries Steamer “'Albatross” oh the West Coast of North America, in 1903 and 1904, with Descriptions of a New Family and several New Genera and Species, by Samuel J. Hohnes 489 Anabathmis 589 Anarsia albapulvella 191 Anas bernicla 593 clangula 600 fabalis 620 gambensis 634 marila 620 querquedula 638 segetiun 620 spectabilis 608 tadorna 644 Anatidse 587,589,590,593,600, 603, 604, 608, 610, 620, 623, 634, 635, 638, 644, 645 Anatina tryoniana 349 Anceus 483 ^ bathybius 483 Anchorella uncinata 475, 476 Ancistroa 589 Andropadus gracilis 597 Anecorhamphus 589 Anerastia cestalis 369 Anerpous 589 Anesychia texanella 206, 207 Anisoramphe 589 Anodonta coarcta 180 Anopheles 53 cruzii 53 Anseres 635 Anseria 589 Antedon D3 INDEX, 731 Page. Anteliocichla 589 Anthomastus 687 ritteri 682,684,687 Anthoptilidae 682,710 Anthoptiltun 710 grandiflorum 682, 684, 710 I thompsoni 710 Anthosc^nus 589 Anthraci^ squaminularis 253 N^ndularis 231 Anthroporni^ 589 lior denskj old i i 589 Antisianus \ 590 Antrodemus .\ 353 valens. 353 Aparchites 278 Apatema 590 Aphanotriccus 590 Aphrizidae 599 Apomotis cyanellus 546, 549 Aprunella 590 Aptenodytes 590 patagonica 590 Apterodytes 590,629 Aquila adalberti 622 aurea 599 bifasciata 622 clanga 622 fulvescens 622 glitschi 622 imperialis 622 nsevia 622 orientalis 622 rapax 622 Aquilaster 590 Arachnothera 590 Area trilineata 342, 344 vancouverensis 349 Archaeoeyenus 590 lacustris 590 Archaeopus 346 antennatus 341,. 346, 347, 348 Ardea episcopus 606 garzetta 607 melanolopha 618 minuta 616 stellaris 616 Virgo 626,641 Ardeidae 607,616,618,020 Argaleocichla .591 Argulidae 432 Argulus niger 4.33 puge.ttensis J. 432 Argus J. 591 gigantous .591 Argyrodyptos ■ 591 iriicrotarsi^ 591 Aristotelia natalella. . . / 194 Arizclocichla L .591 Arizelomyia .591 Arizelopsar 591 Arm Joints and Arm Divisions in the recent Crinoids of the Families of the Comatulida and the Pentacrinitidic. The Homologies of the, by A. II. Clark 113 Artacolax 43.3 Page. Artacolax (Bomolochus) ardeoloe 433, 434, 476 Arthrodytes 591 Aruga 504 oculata 505 Ascalaphus 591 auritus 591 Aselloidea from the Atlantic Coast of North America. Some New Isopoda of the Super- family, by Harriet Richardson 71 Ashy salamander 553 Aspasma 184 Aspideretes grander 168 Asterias 592 palumbarius 592 Asterope > 422 oblonga .'. 423 Astrodapsis merriami , 346 perrini 342 Asturaetos 592 Asturaetus 592 furcillatus 592 Asturina natterei 635 pucherani 635 Atalotriccus 592 Athyris lamellosa 139 Atimastillas .592 Atlantic Coast of North America. Some New Isopoda of the Superfamily Aselloidea from the, by Harriet Richardson 71 Atlantic Coast of North America. Some New Isopods of the Family Gnathiidae from the, by Harriet Richardson 483 Attagen 592 Aublysodon 358 mirandus...^ 359 Aucornis 592 euryrhynchus 592 solidus 592 Auga 592 Aurelia 592 ciris 592 Autruchon 592 Avium. Generic Names applied to Birds during the Years 1901 to 1905, inclusive, with further Additions to Waterhouse’s Index Generum, by C. W. Richmond 583 Axial Canals of the recent Pentacrinitidae, by A. H. Clark 87 Babax waddelli 616 Bacha 592 Balanephagus 593 garrulus ‘ .593 Balanus ooncavus 344 Balticina 704 blakei 706 finmarchica 682. 684, 70.5, 706 pacifica 682, (>84, 704 Barbatula leucomystax 647 Barbilaniiis .593 Barnesia .593 Basanistes .593 cissoides .593 Bascanion constrictor .565 Basketwork: A Study in the W. L. .Vl)bott Collections. Vocabulary of Malaysian, by Otis T. Mirson 1 732 INDEX, Page. Bassler, Ray S., and Edward 0. Ulrich, New American Paleozoic Ostracoda. Prelimi- nary Revision of the Beyrichiida:, with De- scriptions of New Genera 277 Bassler, Ray S. The Formation of Geodes with Remarks on the Silicification of P'ossils. 133 Bathmedonia 593 Bathmocercus 593 Bathygnathia 483 curvirostris 483 Battus tuberculatus 283,286 Beds of Montana. Description of New Fossil Liverwort from the Fort Union, hy F. H. Knowlton 157 Bergia 593 Berlepschia 593 chrysoblephara 593 Bernicla 593 Betula pumila 419 Beyrichia 277, 278, 284, 306, 308, 317, 324 acuta 295, 296 admixta 285 aequilatera 285 affinis 306 antiqua 295,296 aurita 286 barretti 301 baueri 28.5,290 tripartita 285 beyrichioides 295 bohemica 306 bolliana 285,287 umbonata 286 bronni 281,285,289 buchiana 285, 287, 288, 292, 293 angustata 285 incisa 285 nutans 285 buchiano-tuberculata 289 bussacensis 306 carinata 306 chambers! 278,308 ciliata 278,309,310 clavata 281 , 285, 291, 294, 299, 300 clavigera 281 complicata 278,306 var. decorata 306 concinna 301 damesi 285,299 deckerensis 301 devonica /... 286 diffusa 285 digitata var. separata 306 j dissecta 306 dubia 285 duryi 310 emaciata 316 erratica ^ 295, 296, 306 fastigata ; 324 grandis 215 granulifera 294,299,300 granulosa 285,293 guilleri 310 halli.. 319 hammelli 310 harpa 306 Page. Bejrichia hastata 308 initialis 301 intermedia 301 intermpta 285,294 jonesi 291,299 jonesii 285,293 kloedeni 277, 283, 285, 287, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293 acadica 285 antiquata 285 bicuspis 285 granulata 285 infecta 285 intermedia 285 sub var. sub- spissa 285 nuda 285 protuberans 285 var. scotica .302 subtorosa 285 torosa 285 verruculosa 285 kochii 281,285,287 kolmodini 294 kununeli 301 laculata 306 lata 285,292 lauensis 285,289 lindstromi 285,287 var. expansa 286 linnarssoni 293, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299 longispina 316 lyoni 314 maccoyiana 281,285,286,287,298 sulcata 285 mamillosa 306 marchica 306 var. angustata 306 lata 306 montaguensis 301 moodeyi 285,286,287 muldensis 285 multiloba 321 nearpassi 301 nodulosa 285 expansa 286 noetlingi 286, 289, 290 conjuncta 286 oculina 301 pahnata 306 parallela 319 parasitica 301 persulcata 288 plagosa 286 plicata : 286,293 protuberans 291 pustulosa 286,289 quadrifida 308 quadrilirata 307 radians 307 radiata 316,320 reticulata 286 reuteri 286, 293 ribeiriana 307 richardsoni 278,312 salteriana 281, 286, 289, 293, 298, 299 1 INDEX. 733 Page. Beyrichia scanensis 286 signata 295,296 simplex 295 spinulosa 286 steusloffi 286 sussexensis 302 trilobata 286,293 trisulcata 318 tuberculata 281,286,287,289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 302 bigibbosa 286 spicata 286 tuberculato-kochiana 286, 287 tuberculospinosa 321 tumida 292,294.311 umbonata 283,293,294 ungula 288 varicosa : 321 ventricornis 322 v-scripta , 294,300 waldronensis 286 wallpackensis 302 wilckensiana 277,302 plicata 302 Beyrichiella 278,320,322,324 cristata 322 reticosa 322 Beyrichiidse, with Descriptions of New Genera. New American Paleozoic Ostra- coda. Preliminary Revision of the, by E. O. Ulrich and Ray S. Bassler 277 Beyxichiopsis 320, 323 cornuta 323 fimbriata 323 fortis 323 granulata 323,324 simplex 323,324 subdentata 323 Biarmicus 593 russicus 593 Big-eared bat 577 Birds during the Years 1901 to 1905, inclusive, with further Additions to Waterhouse’s “Index Generum Avium.” Generic names applied to, by C. W. Richmond 583 Black snake 565 Blarina brevicauda 547 carolinensis 577 parva 577 Blastobasis 188 Blennidae 106 Blue racer / 5tt5 Blue-tailed skink : 5H3 Boisduval. A Revision of some Species of Noctuidae heretofore referred to the Genus Ilomoptera, by J. B. Smith 209 Bollia 277,309,315,317 auricularis 297, 31 1 halli ; 319 interrupta. 285,294 kolmodini 295 major..:... 310 minor ' 297,310 regularia 288 regularis 288,319 Paga Bollia symmetrica 319 Bombycillidae 595 Bomolochus 433 chatoessi 433 cornutus 433 hirsutus 433 scomberesocis 433 Borkhausenia 190,203 ascriptella 204 coni a 204 episcia 204 fasciata 204 minutella 204 orites 204 pseudospretella 204 Botha 593,605 difficilis 593 Box tortoise 567 Brachiella anserina 467, 477 gracilis 464 malleus 464 Brachiopoda 342 Brachydactyla 594 temminckii 594 Brachypus 594 Brachyrhamphus 594 elegans 594 Brachyscelus crusculum 490 Bradycinetus 427 brenda 428 Bradyornis bohmi 624 Branchiolambrus 344 altus 344,345 Bremus 594 Brevipes 594 Brevitarsus 594 Bucco cinereus 622 parvus 634 rubecula 622 swainsoni 620 Bucconidae 620 Buceros 584 abyssinicus 646 Bucerotidse 584,611,630,646 Budytanthus 594 torquatus 594 Budytes 594 neglectus 629 Buettikoferia 594 Bufo lentiginosus americanus 557 Bullfrog 562 Bureau of Fisheries Steamer “Albatross” off the West Coast of North America, in 1903 and 1904, with Descriptions of a New Fam- ily and several New Genera and Species. The Amphipoda collected by the U. S., by Samuel J. Holmes 489 Busck, August, A Generic Revision of Ameri- can Moths of the Family (Ecophoridae, with Descriptions of New Species 187 Butalis caerulescens 599 Buteonidae .WO, .590, .592,-594, 597, .599, 61 1 , 615, (i21 , 622, 628, 635 Buteopernis 594 Byas .594 734 INDEX, Page. Byas nobilis 594 Byblis gaimardii 518 Byssxira 595 bohemica 595 Cacatuidae ()02,(>09 Caerel)idao 595 Calamornis 595 Calandra 595 Calandrina 595 Calarina 370 Calidris ^503 California. Descriptions of Fossil Cral)S from, by M. J. Rathbun 341 California Fishes, Rimicola eigenmanni and Plagiogrammus hopkinsi. Notes on Two Rare, by John Otterbein Snyder 183 Californian Coast. Alcyonaria of the, by Charles C. Nutting 681 Caligidae 439 Caligorgia 714 sertosa 683,684,715 Caligus gurnardi 439, 476, 477 Calliopiidse 526 Callopeltis obsoletus \ - 565 confmis 565 Callornis 608 Callyodon elere 99 lunula 99 Calobates 595 radiceus 595 Calyptocichla 595 Campylops 595 hamulus 595 Campylorhamphus 595 longirostris.-; 595 Canals of the recent Pentacrinitidse. The Axial, by A. H. Clark 87 Cancer 341 fissus 343 magister 343,344 Cancridse 343 Candona 400,401 euplectella 402,408 parallela 400, 401 recticauda /. 405 Candoninse 400,401 Canis occidentalis 576 Cannabia 595 propria J. 595 Capitonidse /584, 634, 636, 647 Capparis - 596 Caprella californica 543 Caprellidea /. 543 Capricalea j. 596 arborea y 596 Caprimulgidae / 626, 631 Caprimulgus 631 grandis 626 yucatensis/. 626 Capya 596 Carbo auritus 605 mexicanus 647 Carex 418 Caricicola 596 Carites 596 Page. Carnivorous Dinosaurs, with special Refer- ence to Ceratosaurus nasicornis Marsh. On certain Genera and Species of, by Oliver P. Hay 351 Carolina shrew 577 Carphophis amoenus 563 Carpodacus sophia 640 Carpophaga 596 (Phaenorhina) goliath 631 Casmarhynchus 596 Castalia 418 Casuariidae 597, 628, 646 Casuarius 628 galeatus 628 novae hollandiae 598 Cataractes 596 Cathartidae 611 Catostomus commersonii 549 Cave salamander 555 Cecropinae 453 Cecrops latreilii 453, 477 Cedola 596 senegalensis . . . : 596 Cela 597 Cepphus 597 scorpus 597 Ceraphanes 597 anomalus 597 Ceratella 308 Ceratopsis 308 chambers! 308 hastata 308 intermedia 308 oculifera . 308 robusta 308 Ceratosaurus nasicornis 359 Ceratosaurus nasicornis Marsh. On certain Genera and Species of Carnivorous Dino- saurs, with special Reference to, by Oliver P. Hay 351 Cerehne 597 buteo 597 pennipes 597 Certhia coccinea 609 falcata 609 obscura 609 pacifica 609 vestiaria 614 Certhiidaei 604 Ceryle 659 Chaetura major 586 Chaja 597 torquata 597 Chama pellucida : 342 Chamaebates 597 rufiventris 597 Chamaedaphne calyculata 419 Chambersia 188 Chameleon tree-frog 559 Chara 418 Charadricus leucurus 647 Charadriidae 585,609,647 Charadriiformes 606 Charadriola 597 singularis 597 Charadrius 597 INDEX. 735 Page. Charadrius asiaticus 609 gallicus 606 Charitillas y. 597 Charitospiza -4 598 eiicosma 598 Chelarga X 598 Chelido 598 Chelidorhamphus 598 'prhycteriis 598 Chelydra serpentine 547, 567 Chenorhamphus 601 cyanopectus 601 Chiasoramphe 598 Chile comptulatalis 393 densellus 392 forbesellus 393 multipunctellus 393 placidellus 392 plejadellus 392 puritcllus 393 squamulellus 393 Chimabache haustellata i 191 Chione temblorensis V 346 Chionididae V 600 Chipmunk \ 569 Chironesimus 498 Chlamy dotheca 400 aztcka 400 mexicana 400 Chlorestrilda 598 Chloreus . 598 oriolus , 598 Chiorion 599 Cblorura hyperytbra 638 Choerocbilus trimaculella 191 Choerodon 156 Choerodon in place of Chcerops for a Labroid Genus of Fishes, by Theodore Gill 155 Choerodon macrodon 156 Choerops 155,156 Choerops for a Labroid Genus of Fishes. Choerodon in place of, by Theodore Gill. . . 155 Chcprops jordani 98 macrodon 155 meleagridcs 156 Chondracanthidae ,. 434 Chondracanthus epachthes 476 epacthes y 434 Chorophilus nigritus feriaruml 558 Chrysaiitus J. 599 aquilinus ./ 599 Chrysemys marginata. . . /. 567 Chrysocantor J. 599 Chrysoptilopicus I. 599 Cichlomyia ./. 599 Cichlopassor J. 585 Ciconia /...’ 599 Ciconiidae .1. .59:), 666, 620, 629, 648 Ciconiopsis { .599 antarctica 599 Cinclidae .5.^t5, .599,614 Cinclus .599 hydrophilus 599 Cincrosa .599 Cinnamopteryx 600 Page. Cinnyris nectarinioides 613 newtoni 589 Cinulia obliqua 349 Cirripedia 344 Cissopis major 594 Citharichthys 476 Cladornithidae 604 Cladosocopus / 600 Clangula -o 600 Clark, Austin Hobart, The Axial Canals of the recen/ Pentacri- nitidae./. 87 The Ho:^ologies of the Arm/ Joints and Arm Divisions in the recent Crinoids of the Families of /the Comatulida and Pentacrinitidse 113 Clidiophora punctatai 344 C limacarthrus 600 incompletus 600 Climacocercus 600 Cliola vigilax 549 Cnemarchus '. 600 Coast of North America, in 1903 and 1904, with Descriptions of a New Family and several New Genera and Species. The Amphipoda collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries Steamer “Albatross” off the West, by Samuel J. Holmes 489 Coccyx 600 americanus 600 canorus 600 Coccyzus levaillarrtii 607 Coelocentrum 177 (Crossostephanus) palmeri 177 palmed 177 Cold-blooded vertebrates 548 Cold-blooded Vertebrates of the Indiana University Farm, Mitchell, Indiana. Notes on the Mammals and, by Walter L. Hahn 545 Coleoramphus 600 nivalis 600 Collections. Vocabulary of Malaysian Bas- ketwork: A Study in the W. L. .Vbbott, by Otis T. Mason 1 Collocalia 640 Colonosaurus 600 mudgei 600 Colopterus pilaris .592 Colubris (HU mango 601 mcllivorus 601 minimus (H)l ourissa 601 rubens 601 Columba amea 623 Columbia carunculala 587, (HU cur vi rostra .589 hodgsoni (H)5 Columbida' 60.5,647 Columbigallina 587 Columbigallus 601 736 INDEX, Pane. ! Columbigallus franciae 601 : Coinaster 113,123,124 ; borneensis 120, 123, 124 ^ coppingeri 120, 123, 124 discoidea 120,123, 124 fimbriata 120, 123, 124 | iowensis 120, 123, 124 j lineata 120,123,124 ; mariae 120, 123, 124 ! multiradiata 120, 123, 124 j sentosa 120,123,124 | Comatula 123, 124 j distincta 124 j multibrachiata. 124 notata 124 paucicirra 124 pectinata 124 Solaris 124 Comatulida and the Pentacrinitidae. The Homologies of the Arm Joints and Arm Di- visions in the recent Crinoids of the Fami- lies of the, by A. H. Clark 113 Comeris 601 Cometes 601 j Conopoderas 601 Conopophagidae 597,615 Conopotheras 601 Conurus 601 Conus 346 Copepods: A List of those found upon the Fishes of the Pacific Coast, with Descrip- tions of New Genera and Species. North American Parasitic, by Charles Branch Wilson 431 Copperhead r 566 Copsicus 601 merula 601 torquata 601 Coracias garrulus .583 Coraciidae 588 Coracina 602 Corax 602 Coregonus 476 nelsonii 476 Cormias 602 Cornularidae 685 Corone 602 cinerea 602 cornix 602 frugilega 602 maxima 602 monedula 602 Corophiidae 543 Corvidae 586, 593, 602, 603, 61 0, 620, 637, 638, 642, 643, 645 Corvina 602 Corvus frugilegus- /. 642 leucognaphalus. / 602 stelleri J. 643 varians J. 586 Corj^dalis (. 602 arvensis 602 nemorum 602 Corydon 602 Corydus 595,602 Coryuorhinus macrotis 547,577 Page. CossjTihodes 155 Coss^'phus macrodon 155 Cotinga tschudii 643 Cotingidae 593, 600, 602, 605, li07, 613, 61 5, 616, 622, (i28, 636, 643 Cottus richardsoni 546,550 Coua 603 Crabs from California. Descriptions of Fossil, by M. J. Rathbun 341 Cracidae 587 (Tactes 603 Crambid Moths. Descriptions of New Spe- cies of North American, by W. D. Kearfott. 367 Crambus bidens 381 cockeellus ' 378 dorsipunctellus 383 dumetellus 379 inteimedius 382,383 nevadellus 384 polingi 382 simpliciellus 384 trichusalis 379 youngellus 380 Craspedoprion 003 Craugus 003 Crax alector 587 Crecca 603 communis 603 glocitans 003 palustris 603 Crenilabrus Chabrol ii 95 macrurus 95 Creosaurus 353,355 atrox 354 Creurgus 603 excubitor 603 lanius - 603 rufus 603 Cricket frog 557 Criniger affinis 645 ictericus 585 serinus 595 Crinoids of the Famalies of the Comatulida and the Pentacrinitidav The Homologies of the Arm Joints and Arm Divisions in the recent, by A. H. Clark 113 Crocethia 603 Crossostephanus 177 Crucirostra 598 Cruschedula 604 revola 604 Cryptobranchus alleghaniensis 550 Cryptoglaux 604 Cryptolechia 189 canariella 195 ciliella 196 concolorella. 195 cretacea 194 huachucella 195 obscuromaculella 195 sparsiciliella 201 straminella 194 tentoriferella 195 Ctenobolbina 277, 278, 284, 309, 311, 315 alata 310 antespinosa 295 INDEX, 737 Page Page. Ctenobolbina auricularia 297 Cylindroleberis oblonga. 401,423 auricularis 297,311 Cynoscion nobilis 441,464,476 bispinosa 310 Cyphornis 604 cavimarginata 295 magnus 604 ciliata . 290,296,309,311 Cypria 400,408,410 var. curata . . 310 dentifera . 400,405,407,410,419 crassa 296,310 exsculpta curta 310 obesa duryi 310 Cyprididae / 400,401 / 422, 426, 427 emaciata 310 Cypridina fulcrata 296,297,310 brenda 428 granosa 310 marise 423 guilleri 310 oblonga .../ 423 hammelli 310 Cypridinae 400,403 impressa 297,310 Cypridinidae 401,422 informis 295 Cypridopsis 400 insolens 295,315 vidua 400,405,419 loculata 311 Cypris 400,403,408 major 310 aurantia minima 311 biplicata — 410 minor 310 flava /. 415 obliqua 310 fusca 404 oblonga 296,310 fuscata . 400,403,404,407,419 papillosa 310 gibba 410 punctata 310 hirsuta 403 spiculosa 295 incongruens 400,405 spinosa 295 laevis 408 suberassa 293, 296, 297, 309, 310, 317 marginata 415 tumida . 290,291,294,311 monacha 417 umbonata 296,310 pellucida 400,405 Cuculidse 595, 590, 600, 603, 007, 611, 614. 619, 644 pubera 400 Cucullaea bowersiana 349 reticulata 400 Cuculus coromandus 607 sinuata 410 edolius 607 virens 400 gigas : 603 Cyprodopsinae 400 glandarius 607 Cyprois 400,414,416 madagascariensis 603 flavata 415 nsevius 644 marginata 400,405,415 persa 631 monacha 407 serratus 607 Cyprus fuscate 403 Culex aikenii 61 Cypselus comatus 605 chrysonotum • 57 parvus 644 consternator 59 senex 586 daumastocampa 58 Cystisoma spinosum 490 euminietes .1. Cl Cystisomidae 490 fur - 58 Cy there 400,4.9 regulator /. (d americana 400,420,422 spissipcs 58 papillosa 400,421 stenolepis J.... (>0 Cythereis stigmatosoma f 62 Cytheridae Cursor .1 ()04 Cytheridea 420 Cursoriid(C . 604, ()06, 635 Dacelo 587,659 Cyanocitta J. 643 Dacnis pulcherrinia 616 iiltramarina/arizona;. . , 642 Dagela 604 Cyano-sylvia /. C04 hortensis Cyclooypndinae J. 400, 40H Cyclocypris J. •1()(),-10S forhesu 4()<) l.'i'-vis/ •}()(), 405, 40S Cyclorhync-hus ^(piinoctialis (0.3 Cycnus y. (04 ferns (04 Cyleiis (04 Cylindroleheris 400,422 lohianci 40J,424 maria; 42.3 Proc. N. M. vol XXXV — 08 47 Dali, Williaiu Iloalcy, Descriptions and I'i;;- ures of some laxnd and Fresh-water Shells from Mexico, believed to he New 177 Decametrocrinus 117 rugosus 120 Decan tha 100,202 borkhausenii 202 Dcinodon honitlus S.'’,0,359 Dclphinornis 004 larsenii 004 Dendrium huxifolium 370 738 INDEX. Page. Dendrobates 604 familiaris 604 Dendrochelidon 605 Dendrocolaptes erithacus 5S5 procurvus 595,648 Dendrocolaptidse 585, 595, 643, 648 Dendrocecia 605 er}^throptera 605 Dendrotreron 605 Dentophorus 605 Depressada 190,200 alienella 200 apiella 200 barbarella 200 betulella 200 cinereocostella 200 groteella 200 heracliana 200 juliella 200 maculatella , 200 togata V 200 Description of New Fossil Liverwort from the Fort Union Beds of Montana, by F. H. Knowlton 157 Descriptions and Figures of some Land and Fresh-water Shells from Mexico, believed to be New, by \V. H. Dali 177 Descriptions of a New Family and several NewGenera and Species. TheAmphipoda, collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries Steamer Albatross off the West Coast of North America, in 1903 and 1904, with, by Samuel J. Holmes 489 Descriptions of Eighteen New Species and Two New Genera of Fishes from Japan and the Riu Kiu Islands, by John Otterbein Snyder 93 Descriptions of Five Species of North Amer- ican Fossil Turtles, Four of which are New, by Oliver P. Hay 161 Descriptions of Fossil Crabs from California, by M. J. Rathbun 341 Descriptions of New Genera and Species. North American Parasitic Copepods: a List of those found upon the Pacific Coast, with, by Charles Branch Wilson 431 Descriptions of New Genera. New American Paleozoic Ostracoda. Preliminary Revi- sion of the Beyrichiidse, with, by E. O. Ulrich and Ray S. Bassler 277 Descriptions of New Species. A Generic Re- vision of American Moths of the Family (Ecophoridse, with, by August Busck 187 Descriptions of New Species of North Ameri- can Crambid Moths, by W. D. Kearfott. . . 367 Descriptions of some New Mosquitoes from Tropical America, by H. G. Dyar and Fred- erick Knab 53 Desmosomidse 81 Dewetia. 593,605 Diadophis punctatus 564 Diatrsea alleni 391 diflerentialis 391 idalis , 391 parallela 391 saccharalis 392 Page. Dicaeid* 607,642 Diceratornis 605 satyms 605 Dichelestiidae 453 Dicranclla • 279 Dicranura 605, 636 Dicruridae 606 Didelphis Virginia 568 virginiana 547 Diemictylus viridescens 557 Dilara 605 locustella 605 Dilobella 279,311 Dilophaiieus 605 Dinopium 606 (Picoides) erythronotus 606 Dinornis struthioides 628 Dinornithidse 028 Dinosaurs, with special Reference to Cerato- saurus nasicornis Marsh. On certain Genera and Species of Carnivorous, by Oliver P. Hay 351 Diplochelidon 606 Diplochilus 600 xanthochlorus 606 Diplodocus 362 Diplodon websteri 181 Diplodonta harfordi 344 Diplootocus 606 Dissemuroides 606 Dissemuropsis 606 Dissoura 606 Distichoptilum 713 verrillii 682,684,713 Dolicopterus 606 viator 606 Doroserarotundifoiia 419 Dorota albastrigilella 191 Doryptena 102 okinawae 102, 103 tanegasimae 104 Drasteria horrida 270 Drepanella 289,311 ampla 312 bigeneris 290, 312, 317 bilateralis 313,314 crassinoda 290, 294, 312 nitida 312 elongata 312 macra 290, 294, 312 nitida 290 richardsoni 290,291,294 canadensis 312 Drepanididae 609,614,027,629 Dromiceiidae - 598 Dromius 606 Drymochares 613 Dryocolaptes 606 major 600 martins 606 minor 600 viridis 600 Dryptosaurus incrassatus 356,305 Dumetella 607,018 felivox 607 Durrantia ... — 197 INDEX, 739 Paga Durrantia obiterella 207 piperatella 197 Dyar, Harrison G. and Frederick Knab. De- scriptions of some New Mosquitoes from Tropical America 53 Dybowskia 612 Dyspetornis 007 Eafa 607 maculata 607 Echinarachnius gibbsii.. 342,344 Echinoidea 342,344,346 Eclimatemys rivalis 164 Echthrogaleus coleopratus 452 torpedinis 451 Edolius 607 Egatheus 607 Egretta 607 Ehretia elliptica 205 Eido 189,192 albapalpella 192,193 albopalpella 193 Eigenmarmi and Plagiogrammus hopkinsi. Notes on Two Rare California Fishes, Rimi- cola, by John Otterbein Snyder 183 Eighteen New Species and Two New Genera of Fishes from Japan and the Riu Kiu Islands. Descriptions of, by John Otter- bein Snyder 93 Elainea elegans 607 incompta 631 tumbezana 631 wagae 631 Elainopsis 607 Elasmogorgia 717 filiformis 683,684,717 Emarginata 634 Emberiza leconteii 629 militaris 644 Emberizoides marginalis 599 melanotis 599 Empidomis 607 Emys lativertebralis 166 Enchelyurus ater Ill flavipes Ill hepbumi , 110 Encrinus caput-medusae 131 parrao 131 Endoxocrinus 130,131 altcrnicirrus 91,131 parrae 87,88,89,91,131 sibogac 131 wywille-thomsoni 91,131 Endrosis 190,203 lacteella 203 P" nodes 607 Entomis 309 impressa..: 297,310 obliqua 311 oblonga 310 plicaia 286,293 sigma 311 umbonata 296,310 Entomophila 608 australis 608 Eopodoccs 608 Eosphaeniscus 608 Page. Eosphaeniscus gunnari 608 Epeleustia scabella 199 Epicallima 190,201 argenticinctella 201 coloradella 202 dimidiella 202 edithella 201 quadrimaculella 202 Epops 608 upupa 608 Eptesicus fuscus 547,579,581 Erebus edusa 225 lunata 225 I^remopezus 608 eocaenus 608 Ergasilidae 433 E rich thonius him teri 543 Erionetta 608 Eriornis 608 antarcticus 608 E rithacus moussieri 606 Erpetocypris 413 Erythromachus leguati 622 Erythropus 608 gallicus 608 Etheostoma coeruleum 550 Ethmia 190,205 albistrigella 206 albitogata 206 apicipunctella 206 arctostaphylella 206 aurifluella 206 caliginosella 206 chambersella 207 confusella 206 coquilletteUa 206 coraneUa 206 discotrigella 206 fuscipedella 206 hagenella 206 josephinella 206 lassenella 206 longimaculella 206 macelhosiella 206 marmorea 206 mirusella 206 monticola 206 semilugens 206 semiombra 206 semitenebrella 206 subcocrulea 206 trifurcella 206 obscurella 206 umbramarginella 206 zelleriella 206 Eubates ros Eucallornis COS Euclemensia 190,202 bassettella 202 schwarziella 202 Eudactylina uncinata 453,476 Eudiocrinus granulatus 117 indivisus 113,114^117 japonicus 113 varians 113 Eudrepanis 609 740 INDEX. Page. Eufernaldia 385 argenteonervella 385,380 Eugerygone C09 Euglandina livida 180 rosea 180 Eugrotea 370 yavapai 377 E umeces fasc iatus 563 Eumeyrickia 189,191 trimaculeila 191 Eumuricea 718 pusilla 083,084,718 Euplectes 609 Eupoda 609 Euptilotis 009 Eurhynchus 609 Eurychilina 278,298,314 Eurycope 84 magnispinis 84 truncata 84.86 Eurj’pj'lus 427 Eurysthcus dentatus 541 Examples of American Indian Skulls with Low Forehead. New,hy Ales Ilrdlicka.. . 171 Ej-pathistoma 426 Fahiola 190,202 slialleriella 202 Falcator 009 Falco bonnelli 590 can dicans 596 cayennensis 021 serpentarius 612 FalconidcC 590, 600, 613, 639, 645 Families of the Comatulida and the Penta- crinitidse. The Homologies of the Arm Joints and Arm Divisions in the recent Crinoids of the, by A. H. Clark 113 Family and several New Genera and Species. The Amphipoda collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries Steamer Albatross off the AVest Coast of North America, in 1903 and 1904, with Descriptions of a New, by Samuel J. Holmes 489 Family Gnathiidae from the Atlantic Coast of North America. Some New Isopods of the, by Harriet Richardson 483 Family Hlcophoridse, with Descriptions of New Species. A Generic Revision of American Moths of the, by August Busck. . 187 Fanissa 609 sylvicola 609 Figures of some Land and Fresh-water Shells from Mexico, believed to be New. Descrip- tions and, by AV. II. Dali 177 Finschia 609 Fishes. Choerodon in place of Cha-;rops for a Labroid Genus of, by Theodore Gill 155 Fishes from Japan and the Riu Kru Islands. Descriptions of Eighteen New Species and Two New Genera of, by ‘John Otterbein Snyder Fishes of the Pacific Coast, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species. North Ameri- can Parasitic Copepods: a List of those found upon the, by Charles Branch AVilson. 93 431 Page. Fishes, Rimicola eigemnanni and Plagio- granunus hopkinsi. Notes on Two Rare California, by John Otterbein Snyder 183 Five Species of North American Fossil Tur- tles, Four of which are New. Descriptions of, by Oliver P. Hay 161 Floricola 589 Flying squirrel 569 Forehead. New Examples of American Indian Skulls with Low, by Ales Hrdlidka. . 171 Fonnation of Geodes with Remarks on the Silicification of Fossils, by Ray S. Bassler. . 133 Foimicariidae 584, 597, 605, 632, 639, 642 Formicivora arechavaletae 643 genei 643 Fort Union Beds of Montana. Description of New Fossil Liverwort from the, by F. II. Knowlton 157 Fossil Crabs from California. Descriptions of, by M. J. Rathbun 341 Fossil Liverwort from the Fort Union Beds of Montana. Description of New, by F. II. Knowlton 157 Fossil Tintles, Four of which are New. De- scriptions of Five Species of North Ameri- can, by Oliver P. Hay 161 Fossils. The Formation of Geodes with Remarks on the Silicification of, by Ray i S. Bassler 133 j Fox squirrel 568 I Francolinus 610 I Fresh-water Shells from Mexico, believed to } be New. Descriptions and Figures of some Land and, by AAL II. Dali 177 Fringilla albicollis 614 amandava 588 cannabina 595 card ue! is 584.642 citrinella. 584 erythrophthalraa 614 flammea 584 flayirostris 584 linaria 584,642 lulensis 642 montifringilla 642 ornata 598 rosea \ 640 spinus...A 584,642 violacea N. 644 Fringillidas - 584, 588, 592, 595, 596, 985, 599, 614, 617, 618, 625, 629, 632, 638, 642 Frugilegus 610 Funiculina 706 armata 682,684,706 Funinculinidae 682,706 Furnariidse - - - 589, 593, 611, 614, 620 Further Report on the Ostracoda of the United States National Museum, by R. AV. Sharpe 399 Gadus macrocephalus 440, 475, 476 Galbula 592,610 Galbulidae 592,616 Galeorhinus zyopterus 4.53, 459, 476 Galerita 602 Gallirex johnstoni 640 INDEX. 741 Page, Gallophasis 610 Gambo 610 Gammarida? 1 539 Gammaridea | 492 Garter snake 566 Gasteropoda \ 342,344,346,349 Gauria V 610 Gavia X 610 Gelochelidon 610 Genera and Species. North American Para- sitic Copepods: a List bf those found upon the Fishes of the Pacific Coast, with De- scriptions of New, by Charles Branch Wilson 431 Genera and Species of Carnivorous Dinosaurs, with special Reference to Ceratosaurus nasi- "cornis Marsh. On certain, by Oliver P. Hay 351 Genera and Species. The Amphipoda col- lected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries Steamer “Albatross” oS the West Coast of North America, in 1903 and 1904, with De- scriptions of a New Family and several New, by Samuel J. Holmes 489 Genera Deinodon Leidy, Dryptosaurus Marsh, and Albertosaurus Osborn 356 Genera. New American Paleozoic Ostra- coda. Preliminary Revision of the Bey\ richiidse, with Descriptions of New. By \ E. O. Ulrich and Ray S. Bassler 277 Genera of Fishes from Japan and the Riu Kiu Islands. Descriptions of Eighteen New Species and Two New, by John Otterbein Snyder 93 Generic Names applied to Birds during the Years 1901 to 1905, inclusive, with further Additions to Waterhouse’s “Index Gen- erum Avium,” by C. W. Richmond 583 Generic Revision of American Moths of the Family Hlcophoridae, with Descriptions of New Species, by August Busck 187 Generum Avium. Generic Names applied to Birds during the Years 1901 to 1905, in- clusive, with further Additions to Water- house’s Index, by C. W. Richmond 583 Genus Homoptera Boisduval. A Revision of some Species of Noctuidae heretofore re- ferred to the, by J. B. Smith 209 Genus Labrosaurus Marsh and its species 351 Genus of Fishes. Chocrodon in place of Chm- rops for a Labroid, by Theodore Gill 155 Genus Ramphalcyon (Pelargopsis). A Revi- sion of the Kingfisher, by H. C. Oberholser. . 657 Geochelidon (ilO Geocichla 610,611 Geocichloides 610 Geodes with Remarks on the Silicification of Fossils. The Formation of, by Ray S. Bassler 133 Geo-Kichla 610 singularis 610 Geoa'cia orryctera 611 Geopega (ill Geophilus (ill jasijatere (ill Page. Georgian bat 580 Gerdana 189,193 caritella 193 Gill, Theodore, Chocrodon in place of Choe- rops for a Labroid Genus of Fishes 155 Gingala 611 Giareola coromanda 635 madraspatana y 635 maldivarum / 635 Glaux .y. 611 nudipes 611 tengmalmi / 611 Glycymeris 344 veatchii 349 Glyptops plicatulus 161 Gnathia 483,485 cristata 486 multispinis 485 serrata 487 Gnathiidse 483 Gnathiidse from the Atlantic Coast of North America. Some New Isopods of the Fam- ily, by Harriet Richardson 483 Gnatholepis sindonis 101 Gobiesox eigenmanni 183 muscarum 183,184 Gobiidse 100 Goodfellowia 611 miranda 611 Gorgonacea 683,714 Gorgonia purpurea 722 Gorgonid® 683,722 Gracilipes 489,526 distincta 529 natator 527 Gralla 611 Grallaria imperator 597 Gray fox 575 squirrel 569 Green frog 561 triton 557 Ground-hog 569 snake 563 Group of Beyrichia buchiana 288 clavata 293 interru])ta 299 klocdeni 287 linnarssoni 295 salteriana 292 tuberculata 289 Ctenobolbina ciliata 310 subcrassa 310 Gruidac 588,626,641 Gryphus (ill Gupista (ill barbata 611 Gymnopus 612 leschcnaulti 612 Gymnothoraxchlamydatus 94 odiosus 94 Gypogeranidao 612 Gypogeraaus 612 Hicmatornis flavlcollis 592 Haemeria (112 1 ficmobaphes cyclopterina 458 742 INDEX, Page. Hahn, Walter L. Notes on the Mammals and Cold-blooded Vertebrates of the Indiana University Farm, Mitchell, Indiana 545 Halcyon alcedo 612 amauropterus 6G1 bruniceps 669,670 Halipteris "07 christii "^06 contorta 682,684,707 Haliragoides 627 Halisceptrum 698 cystiferum 682, 684, 698 Halliela 279 Halohippus 612 Ilaplocichla 612 Haploniscus ^6 bicuspis excisus 75 retrospinis 77 Hap loops tubicola 618 Ilargeria 012 Harpaleus 612 Harpinia affinis 522,523 oculata 621 plumosa 624 Hatschekia hippoglossi 457 pinguis 455,477 Hay, Oliver P. Descriptions of Five Species of North American Fossil Turtles, Four of which are New 161 On certain Genera and Species of Carnivorous Di- nosaurs, with special Reference to Ceratosaurus nasicornis Marsh 351 Heliolais 612 Heliometra maxima 126 tanneri 125 Helionympha 613 Heliophilus 613 taunaysii 613 Heliornithidae 634 Ilehninthophaga 613 Hemiprocne 613 Ilemiprocnidse 605,613 Hemiura 624 Herpetocypridinse 400, 413 Herpetocypris 400,413 Ilesperornis gracilis 612 Hesperornithidse 612 Hetereleotris arenarius . 100 Clara 101 Heterodon platirhinos 564 Heteromesus granulatus 82 greeni 84 spinescens 83 Heteroxenicus , 613 Hexanemus j. 613 Hierax j 613 islandicus 613 peregrinus 613 rufipes 613 Page. Hierax subbuteo 613 tinnunculus 613 Himatione maculata 629 Ilimndinidae 588, 606, 617, 620, 621, 627 Hirundo cinerea 627 ducata 588 melanoleuca 606 Hoary bat 581 Iloerataria 614 Hog-nose snake 564 Holaxonia 683,714 Ilollina 309,315 antespinosa 315 armata 315 cavimarginata 315 emaciata 316^ granifera 315,317 informis 315 insolens 315 kolmodini 312,315 longispina 316,321 radiata 315,316,317 spiculosa 315 tricollina 315 Holmes, Samuel J. The Amphipoda col- lected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries Steamer Albatross oil the West Coast of North America in 1903 and 1904, with De- scriptions of a New Family and several New Genera and Species 489 Homologies of the Arm Joints and Arm Divi- sions in the recent Crinoids of the Families of the Comatulida and the Pentacrinitidse, by A. H. Clark 113 Homoptera albofasciata 238 atritincta 229 Homoptera Boisduval. A Revision of some Species of Noctuidag heretofore referred to the Genus, by J. B. Smith 209 Homoptera ealycanthata 236, 269, 270 cinerea 271 cingulifera 261 duplicata 258 edusa 225 edusina 229 exhausta 221 fictilis 222 galbanata 243 guadulpensis 222 horrida 270 intenta 261 involuta 225 lineosa 243 lunata 225 minerea 238 nigricans 231,232 obliqua 238 penna 241 plenipennis 233 putrescens 225,272 rosse 228 rubi 266 salicis 228 saundersii 225 sexplagiata 272 INDEX, 743 Page. Homoptera umbripennis 231 uniformia 269 unilineata 245 viridans 224 woodii 261 Hopkinsi. Notes on Two Rare California Fishes, Rimicola eigenmanni and Plagio- grammus, by John Otterbein Snyder 183 Hoplitica 194 Iloplochelys caelata ' 163, 164 crassa 164 Horizillas 614 Hortulanus 614 erythrophthalnius 614 montanus 614 cigricollis 614 House snake : 566 Hrdlicka, Ales. New Examples of American Indian Skulls with Low Forehead 171 Huhus 614 Hybognathus nuchalis 549 Hydrichla 614 Hydrolagus colliei 434, 439, 476 Hydrolegus 614 silvestrianus 614 Hydropeleia 614 Hydrornis 607 Hyla pickeringii 559, 562 versicolor 559,562 Hylacon 660 Hylocentrites 615 ambulator 615 Hylodes 615 Hylonax 615 Hypalocrinus 129, ISO naresianus / 131 Hyperia medularurn i 490 Ilyperiidae 490 Hypermegethes : 615 Hyphantornis badius J. 600 dimidiatus /. 600 grandis 615 tricolor /. 600 Hypocryptadius j 615 cinnanKt^meus 615 llypsigenys j. 155 llypsypops rubicundus 434,476 lanthopsis bovallii . . y'. 73 Ibididaj j 607 Ichla V 615 Ichthyaetus y. 615 pisciVorus 615 Ichthyornis disp^ 600 Ichthyornithidao. 600 Ichtyopteryx.. / 615 gracilis 615 Icteridae I. 584,637,647 Ictinus 615 milvus 615 Idiocichla 615 Idiococcyx 616 Idiotriccus 616 Ilyocypris 400,410 bradyi 400,410,411 Page. Ilyocypris gibba 400, 410, 411, 412 Ilyodromus 400,413 pectinatus. . . .' 400, 413 “Index Generum Avium.’’ Generic Names applied to Birds during the Years 1901 to 1905, inclusive, with further Additions to Waterhouse’s, by C. W. Richmond 583 Indian Skulls with Low Forehead. New Ex- amples of American, by i^les Hrdlicka 171 Indiana University Farm, Mitchell, Indi- ana. Notes on the Mammals and Cold- blooded Vertebrates of the, by Walter L. Hahn 545 Indicatoridae 636 Inga 190,200 sparsiciliella 200, 201 Inoceramus subundatus : 349 Inusia 395 antillarum 395 lolanthe acanthonotus 73 decorata 73 lolella 71,73 glabra 71 spinosa 72 Iridophanes 616 Ischnomesus 81 Ischnosoma 81 bacilloides ... 81 bacillus 81 bispi nosum 81 greeni 81 quadrispinosum 81 spinosum 81 thomsoni 81 Isocrinus 115,129 alternicirrus 126,128,129 asteria 127,128,129 biakei 127, 128 (Cenocrinus) asteria 131 ■ decorus 87,88,91,127,128,129,130 (Isocrinus) biakei 131 decorus 131 naresianus 126 parrac 126,128,129 ^ pendulus 131 sibogae 126,128,129 wy ville-thomsoni 126, 128, 129 Isopoda of the Superfaniily Aselloidea from the Atlantic Coast of North America. Some New, by Harriet Richardson 71 Isopods of the Family Gnathiidae from the Atlantic Coast of North America. Some New, by Harriet Richardson 483 Isotremornis 616 nordenskjoldi 616 Ixobrychus 616 Jacamerops 616 Jacanidic 622 Janirella 77 lobata 78 nanseni 77,79 JaniridiP < 71,77 Janthinosoma all)ipes 57 lutzii 57 744 INDEX, Pag-e. Japan and the Riu Kin Islands. Descrip- tions of Eighteen New Species and Two New Genera of Fishes from, by John Otter- bein Snyder \ 93 Jefferson salamander . . X 550 Joints and Ann Divisions in the recent Cri- noids of the Families of the Comatulida and the Pentacrinitidff'. The Homologies of the Ann, by A. H. Clark 113 Jonesella 278 Jonesina 320,324 arcuata 324 bolliafonnis 325 brad y ana 324 craterigera 324,325 fastigiata 324 fodicata 324 Kasnakowia 61C koslowi 616 Kaznakowia 616 Kearfott, William Dunham. Descriptions of New Species of North American Crambid Moths 367 Kelea 616 Kenopia 617 Kermes 188 Kingfisher Genus Ramphalcyon (Pelargop- sis). A Revision of the, by II. C. 01)cr- holser 657 Kirkbya annectens 322 Kirkbyina 320,322 Kloedenella 317 clarkei 319,320 halli 319 pennsylvanica 318,319 Kloedenellinae 317 Kloedenia 277,312,317 apiculata 301 centricornis 301 concinna 301 fimbriata 301 granulata 301 initialis 301 intermedia 301 marginata 301 jerseyensis 301 manliensis deckerensis 301 marginalis 301 montaguensis 301 nearpassi 301 oculina 301 parasitica , 301 praenuntia ' 301 punctillosa 301 simplex / 302 smocki ./. 302 tuberculata / 302 turgida 1 318 wallpackensis / 302 wilckensiana 302 plicata 302 Knab. Frederick and Harrison G. Dyar. Descriptions of some New Mosquitoes from Tropical America 53 I Page. I Knipolegus hudsoni 631 j Knowlton, Frank Hall. Description of New i Fossil Liverwort from the Fort Union Beds j of Montana 157 I Koroga 502 megalops 502,503 Koslowia 617 Krimnochelidon 617 Kyammodes 320 Labroid Genus of Fishes. Chocrodon in place of Choorops for a, by Theodore Gill 155 Labrosaurus 351 ferox 352,353 fragilis 3.52 lucaris 351,352 sulcatus 352,353 Labrus macrodontus 155, 156 Laelaps incrassatus 356 Dakota 498 carinata 498 Lamprochelidon 617 Lampronotus 617 auratus 617 Lampropeltis doliatus triangulus 560 Lamprophonus 017 musicus 617 turdus 617 variegatus 617 viscicorus 617 Lamprotornis 007 Lampsilis explicata. i 181 (Proptera) salinasensis 181 Land and Fresh-water Shells from Mexico, be- lieved to be New. Descriptions and Figures of some, by W. II. Dali 177 Laniellus 017 Laniidae 593, 603 Lanius cayanus 628 superbus 593 Large-winged bat 580 Laridse.. 598,614,622 Larus canus 010 minutus 610 ridibundus 610 rissa 610 Lasiurus borealis 547,581 cinereus... 547,581 Leonardia 617 woodi 617 Leonardina 617 Leopard frog , 501 Lepeoptheirus bifurcatus 440 brachyurus 441,477 constrictus, 443,477 insignis ! 444 longipes 440, 477 nordmannii . 439, 477 pacificus - 440,477 parviventris \. 476, 477 salmonis X 440,477 thompsoni 5 441 Leperditia A 280 Lepidaplois loxozonus 95 inacrurus 95 mirabilis 96 Lepidopsetta bilineata 476 INDEX. 745 Page. Leptocephalidse 83 Leptocephalus flavirostris 93 Leptogorgia 721, 722, 724 caryi 683,684,723 flor® 683,684,722 purpurea 683,684,722 Leptotriccus sylviolus 632 Lernseenicus mendusaeus 458 Lerngeopoda beani 470, 477 bicauliculata 472,477 californiensis 475,477 extumescens 475, 476 falculata 473,477 gibber 469,471,477 Lernaeopodidse 464 Lerneidae 458 Lesticocarnpa schedocyclia 64 Leucophrya 617 Leucosticte reborowskii 617 Liljeborgia brevicornis 526 Liljeborgiidae 526 Limicolae 626 Limnophylax 618 marmorata 618 Linaria pusilla 640 Linophaga 618 canescens 618 montium 618 rubra 618 Lithosteornis 618 Little brown bat 579. 581 Liverwort from the Fort Union Beds of Mon- tana. Description of New Fossil by F. H. Knowlton 157 Loborhamphus 618 nobilis 618 Loncornis 618 erectus 618 Long-tailed triton 555 Longirostris 618 Low Forehead. New Exampl,i^s of American Indian Skulls with, by Ale^TIrdlieka 171 Loxia fuliginosa /. 6.38 orix j. 609 rubicilla >. 640 Loxorhynchus / 341 grand is. ./ 341 , 342, 343 Loxorynchus 618 albipennis 618 curvirostra 618 grandifi 342 Lucar /. 618 Lunatia 349 Luscinia ■ 619 icdon.,. 619 megarhynchos 619 Lutreola vison 576 Lycodontis mordax 476 Lysianassa 503 Lysianassidse 492 Lysianella 505 Macao 619 splendidus 619 Machimia 194 Macoma nasuta 342 Page Macrocephalon 619 maleo 619 Macronectes 619 Macronyx tenellus 597 Macropus 619 caixana 619 phasianellus 611,619 Macrorhamphus. 618 Mactra stantoni 349 M sera dub i a 539 spinicauda 539 Malacodus. 619 Malacopteron 614 Malacorhamphus 619 araucanus 019 Malacurus 619 Malaysian Basketwork; A Study in the W. L. Abbott Collections. Vocabulary of, by Otis T. Mason 1 Malimbus nigricollis 620 Malurus galactotes 621 Mammals 567 Mammals and Cold-blooded Vertebrates of the Indiana University Farm, Mitchell, Indiana. Notes on the, by Walter L. Hahn 545 Mancalla 619 californiensis 019 Manguinhosia 53 Marchantia pealei 157 polymorpha 157,158,159 sezannensis 158,159 Marchantites erectus 158 Margaritella 349 Maria 619 MacGregoria 619 Maridus 619 Marila 019 Marmota monax 5(>9 Marsh. On certain Genera and Species of Carnivorous Dinosaurs, with special Refer- ence to Ceratosaurus nasicornis, by Oliver P. Hay 351 Martula 619 Martyringa 189,190 latipennis 190 Mason, Otis T., Vocabulary of Malaj'sian Basketwork: A Study in the W. L. Abbott Collections i Megacephalus 620 bitorquatus 620 Megalorhamphus 620 asiaticus 620 Megapod (I c 619 Megax(mops 620 Melanhyphantes 620 Melaniparus semilarvatus 630 Melanocoryphatorquata 595 Melanoleuca 620 pica 620 Melanonyx 620 Melanopteryx 621 Meleagris 637,641 satyra 641 Menyanthes trifoliata 418 746 INDEX, Pago. Mephitis putida 576 Mergus octosetaceus 635 Merion : 621 Merula ' 621 Mesolia 370 baboquivariella 374 huachucaella 374 oraculella 370,373 Prionapteryx 375 Metacrinus 87, 114, 115, 128, 129, 130 acutus 130 angulatus 130 cingulatus 130 costatus 130 mosleyi 130 murrayi 130 var. nobilis 130 timorensis 130 nodosus 130 rotundus 88, 89, 91, 130 var. interruptus 130 serratus 130 stewarti 130 suluensis 130 superbus 130 var. tuberculatus 130 tuberosus 130 varians 130 wyvillii 130 Metancylomis 621 Metis 346 Metopa pacifica 524 Metopidge 524 Mexico, believed to be New. Descriptions and Figures of some Land and Fresh-water Shells from, by W. II. Dali 177 Micraetus 621 holmbergianus 621 Micripodidse 585,586,594,644 M icr ochel i don 621 Microgoura 621 meeki 621 Microgouridse 621 Microlyssa 621 Microparra 622 .Micropsites 622 pygmseus 622 Microtriccus 622 Microrrogon 622 fulvescens 622 galbuloides 622 Miorotus ochrogaster 547, 568, 571, 572 pennsylvanicus 568, 572 pinetorum 572,577 auricularis 572 Microura superciliaris 637 Milk snake 566 Mimidae 607,618 Mink 1 576 Minytrema melanops 549 Mirafra phoenicuroides 588 Misamichus 622 pallasii 622 Misery thrus 622 leguati 622 Missouri skull 173 Page. Mitclrell, Indiana. Notes on the Mammals and Cold-blooded Vertebrates of the Indiana University Farm, by Valter L. Hahn 545 Mniotiltidge 599,625,638 Molamola 439,444,477 Mole mouse 572 Monadon 622 Moriias 622 benschi (>22 Monoculus 416 fuscatus 403 Montana. Description of New Fossil Liver- wort from the Fort Union Beds of, by F. II. Knowlton 157 Morphnaetos 622 Moscha 623 carunculata 623 Mosquitoes from Tropical America. De- scriptions of some New, by II. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab 53 Motacilla acred ula 639 aestiva 599 dominica... 625 ficedula 643 indica 594,625 minuta 633 modularis 613 nisoria 632 phoenicurus 613, 631, 639 regulus 613 rubecula 613,631 rufa 613,643 salicaria 613 schoenobaena 646 sibilatrix 639, 643 suecica 604,613,631 titys 613,631 trochilus 643 troglodytes 613, 624, 627 Motacillidae 594,597,625,629,641 Moths. Descriptions of New Species of North American Crambid, by W. D. Kearfott 367 Moths of the Family (Ecophoridae, with De- scriptions of New Species. A Generic Re- vision of American, by August Busck 187 Mulinia densata 344 Mulleria 594 Munna 79 fabricii 80,81 kroyeri 81 truncata 79 Munnidae 79 Munnopsidae 84 Muraenidae 94 Muriceidae 683,717 Muricella 717 complanata 683,684,717 Muscaccipiter 923 Muscadivores 923 Muscicapa atricapilla 943 carolinensis 918 gaimardi 907 latirostris 591 obsoleta 938 riisi 927 semipartita 607 INDEX. 747 Page. Muscicapa sulphurea 647 Muscicapidse 590, 591, 599, 601, 607, 609, 623, 624, 627, 629, 640, 643 Muscicula ^ 623 Muscipeta 616 Musophagidee 623,631,640 Musovora 623 Myiagrus lineatus 597 Myiarchus validus 615 Myiobius capi tails 590 fulvigularis ; C45 Myiophthorus 623 morenoanus 623 Myiornis 623 Myiothera calcarata 615 maculata 632 nematura 614 rufimarginata 605 umbretta 611 Myiotheras ’ 623 griseus 623 luctuosus 623 Myiotriccus 623 Myopornis 624 Myothera lepidocephala 624 Myotis lucifugus 547, 578, 579, 580 subulatus 578,579 velifer 547,580 Mystacinus russicus 593 Myzomyia lutzii 53 Myzorhynchella lutzii 53 Nannobrachiuin leucopsarum 458 Nannorchilus 624 Nannus 624 Napothera 624 Nasicornis Marsh. On certain Genera and Species of Carnivorous Dinosaurs, with special Reference to Ceratosaurus, by Oliver P. Hay J. 351 Nassa californiana /. 342,344 Natrix sipedon ./ 547, 566 Nea J. 624 Nectarinia chrysogenys ^ 590 hartlaubi 589 thomensis J 589 Nectariniidae /. 589, 590, (i09, 613 Necturus niaculosus. . 550 Neculus / 624 rothi 624 Nemoricola : 625 nipalenSis 625 Neodendroica 625 Neorniinius / 625 Neopleustes asslmilis 533 bairdi 533 brevicornis 532 oculatus 531 Neositta 625 Neospiza 625 Neothraupis 625 Neotropical Orthoptera of the Family Acri- didae. Two New Species of, by Janies A. G. Rehn 395 Nesippus borealis 453 curticaudis 453 Nesobates 625 Page. Nesocharis 626 shelleyi 626 Neverita recluziana 342 New American Paleozoic Ostracoda, Pre- liminary Revision of the Beyrichiidae, with Descriptions of New Genera, by E. 0. Ulrich and Ray S. Bassler 277 New. Descriptions and Figures of some Land and Fresh-water Shells from Mexico, be- lieved to be, by W. H. Dali 177 New. Descriptions of Five Species of North American Fossil Turtles, Four of which are, by Olivier P. Hay 161 New Examples of American Indian Skulls with Low Forehead, by Ales Hrdlicka 171 New Family and several New Genera and Species. The Amphipoda collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries Steamer “Albar tross,” off the West Coast of North America, in 1903 and 1904, with Descriptions of a, by Samuel J. Holmes 489 New Fossil Liverwort, from the Fort Union Beds of Montana. Description of, by F. H. Knowlton 157 New Genera and Species. North American Parasitic Copepods; a List of those found upon the Fishes of the Pacific Coast, with Descriptions of, by Charles Branch Wilson. 431 New Genera of Fishes from Japan and the Riu Kiu Islands. Descriptions of Eight- een New Species and Two, by John Otter- bein Snyder 93 New Genera. New American Paleozoic Ostracoda. Preliminary Revision of the Beyrichiidae, with Descriptions of, ay E. O. Ulrich and Ray S. Bassler 277 New Isopoda of the Superfamily Aselloidea from the Atlantic Coast of North America. Some, by Harriet Richardson 71 New Isopods of the Family Gnathiidae from the Atlantic Coast of North America, by Harriet Richardson 483 New Mosquitoes from Tropical America. Descriptions of some, by H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab 53 New Species. A Generic Revision of Amer- ican Moths of the Family (Ecophorida*, with Descriptions of, by August Busck 187 New Species and Two New Genera of Fishes from Japan and the Riu Kiu Islands. De- scriptions of Eighteen, by John Otterbein Snyder 93 New Species of Neotropical Orthoptera of the Family Acrididai. Two, by Janies A. G. Rehn 395 New Species of North American Crambid Moths. Descriptions of, by W. D. Kear- fott 3()7 Newnhaniia patagonica 417 Newt 557 Nicippe tumida 526 Nigrita arnaudi 637 Noctuaedusa 225 lunata 22.5,272 squammularis 253 undularis 231 748 INDEX. Page. Noctuidse heretofore referred to the Genus Ilomoptera Boisduval. A Revision of some Species of, by J. B. Smith 209 North America, in 1903 and 1904, with De- scriptions of a New Family and several New Genera and Species. The Amphipoda collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries Steamer ‘^Albatross” off the West Coast of. by Samuel J. Holmes 489 North America. Some New Isopoda of the Superfamily Aselloidea from the Atlantic Coast of, by Harriet Richardson 71 North America. Some New Isopods of the Family Gnathiidse from the Atlantic Coast of, by Harriet Richardson 483 North American Crarnbid Moths. Descrip- tions of New Species of, by W. D. Kearfott 367 North American Fossil Turtles, Four of which are New. Descriptions of Five Species of, by Oliver P. Hay 161 North American Parasitic Copepods: a List of those found upon the Fishes of the Pacific Coast, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species. By Charles Branch Wilson.. 431 Note on Antrodemus Leidy 353 Notes on the Mammals and Cold-blooded Vertebrates of the Indiana University Fami, Mitchell, Indiana, by Walter L. Hahn 545 Notes on Two Rare California Fishes, Rimi- cola eigenmanni and Plagiogrammus hop- kinsl, by John Otterbein Snyder 183 . Notiocichla 626 Notiospiza 626 Notodromadinae 400,414 N otodromas 400, 414, 416 entzi 417 fuscatus 417 madaraszi 417 monacha 400, 405, 417 oculatus /. 417 Notropis whipplei 549 N ucula truncata 349 Numenius pusillus 633 Numida L 026 Numidica 626 Nutting, Charles C. Alcyonaria of the Cali- fornian Coast 681 Nyctagreus 620 Nyctala 604 Nycticorax limnophylax 618 Nyctimene 626 fiammula 626 stridula 626 Nyctomis 626 Nymphaea , 418 Nystactes a 626 Oberholser, Harry C. A I^'evision of the Kingfisher Genus Ramp)ialcyon (Pelar- gopsis) -/. 657 Observations on the Skull of Ceratosaurus nasicomis Marsh 359 Ocyplanus 626 proeses - 626 Ocypodidse 346 Odontophorus 605 Page. Odontospiza 027 CEcophora 190 sulphurella 203 (Ecophoridse, with Descriptions of New Spe- cies. A Generic Revision of .Vmerican Moths of theFamily,by August Busck 187 OEdicnemidse 633 Olbiorchilus 027 On certain Genera and Species of Carnivorous Dinosaurs, with special Reference to Cera- tosaurus nasicomis Marsh, by Oliver P. Hay 351 Oncorhynchus gorbuscha 441,477 kisutch 432 nerka 440,473,477 tschawy tscha 439, 441 , 470, 477 Onisimus 502 Opimia 459 exilis 459 gracilis 476 Opossum 508 Orchilus 627 cristatus 627 Orchomenella afiinis 492 groenlandica 494 minuta 494 nanus 493 I)inguis 494 Oregon skull 171 Oreias 627 Oreomyias 627 Oreomystis 627 Oreomyza 627 Oreoscopus 627 Orientation of the valves 280 Oriolidse 598,610 Oriolus caudacutus 588 flavus 647 galbula 610 Or tes 627 Ornithomimus velox 357 Orochelidon 627 Orodynastes ' 627 Orthoceras 134 Orthoptera of the Family Acrididse. Two New Species of Neotropical, by James A. G. Rehn 395 Ortyx 628 Ossifraga.... 619,628 albicilla 628 Osteornis 618 Ostracoda of the United States National Mu- seum. A further Report on the, by R. W. Sharpe 399 Ostracoda. Preliminary Revision of the Beyrichiidse, with Descriptions 'of New Genera. New American Paleozoic, By E. O. Ulrich and Ray S. Bassler 277 Ostrea brewerii 349 Oticulus 628 Otldidse 628 Otis bengalensis 628 Otus 628 bakkamoena 628 Owenia 628 Oxylabes 625 INDEX. 749 Page. Oxyporus 628 Pachypteryx 628 grandis 628 Pachyrhynchus 628 melanocephalus 628 Pacific Coast, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species. North American Parasitic Copepods; a List of those found upon the Fishes of the, by Charles Branch Wilson 4.81 Palseoapterodytes 590, 629 PalcEonornis 629 Palseospheniscus bergi 629 Palamedea cristata 612 Palamedeidse 597 Paleozoic Ostracoda. Preliminary Revision of the Beyrichiidae, with Descriptions of New Genera. New American, by E. O. Ulrich and Ray S. Bassler 277 Palicus 348 Pandarinae 450 Pandarus cranchii 453,476 Pandionidse 615 Panopea concentrica 349 generosa 344 Paracandona 400,402 (Candona) euplectella 402 euplectella 400,402 Paradisseidae 618,619 Paradoxornis heudei 595 Paralabrax maculato-fasciatus 443, 477 Paramphthoe 533 Paraphoxus oculatus ,521 robustus '518 spinosus ' 521 Paraptenodytes curtus , . 621 grandis , . . 591 Parasitic Copepods: A List of those found upon the. Fishes of the Pacific Coast, with'' De- scriptions of New Genera and Species. North American. By Charles Brai^h Wil- son A r Paraspheniscus Parcorseus narbonensis Pardaliscidse Pardalotus pipra : Paridae. ... 585, 586, 593, 595, Q69, 627, 629. 631, 634, Parisoma galinieri /. olivascens ' Parophasma / Paroreomyza / Parra capensis.. Parthenopidae. . Parus aureola. . biannicus / 58/ caudatus. cela fringillarius novae seelandiac palustris penculinus 638, Passer arnmodendri Passerherbulus 588, Paulomagus Pavo bicalcaratus 431 629 629 629 526 613 f)38 629 590 629 ('.29 622 344 633 617 627 644 .586 609 631 643 .5/8 629 629 634 Page. Pavonaria californica 705 Pecten andersoni 346 coalingaensis 342 crassicardo 346 nutteri 342 wattsi 342 Pecula 629 Pelargopsis: A Revision of the Kingfisher Genus Ramphalcyon, by II. C. Oberholser. 657 Pelargopsis 659 burmanica 670 dichrorhyncha 663 floresiana.. 679 fraseri 663 gigantea 668 gouldi 667 intermedia 666 malaccensis 678 melanorhyncha eutreptorhyncha 663 sasak 679,680 simalurensis 671 Pelargos 629 niger 629 Pelasgia 630 Pelecanidee 604 Pelecanus bassanus 633 Pelecypoda 342,344,346,349 Pelecyrhynchus 630 leucogaster 630 Pendulinus 630 polonicus 630 Penguina 630 Pennatula 688 aculeata 682,684,688 Pennatulacea 682,688 Pennatulidse 682,688 Pentacrinitidae: The Axial Canals of the recent, by A. H. Clark 87 The Homologies of the Arm Joints and Arm Divisions in the recent Crinoids of the Families of the Coma- tulida and the, by A. II. Clark 113 Pentacrinus maclearanus 131 mulleri 87,126,131 naresianus 130 Pentametrocrinidae 117 Penthestes 630 Penthornis 630 Perenopterus 630 Perenopterus 630 Periophthalmus 104 Porispheniscus 6.30 wimani 6.30 Perissitos wardii 1.58 Porissolax brevirostris .349 Perissotriccus 631 Poromyscus leucopus 547,573 michiganensis .568 Porsa 631 turaco 631 Petacula 631 canicularia 631 Pctrochclidon murina 627 tibialis 621 750 INDEX, Page. Phacoides acutilineatus 345 Phaeca 631 nilssoni 631 Phaenorhina 631 Phaeocyma aeruginosa 233,272 albofasciata 272 atritincta 272 benesignata 273 bethunei 260,273 calycanthata 269,273 cinerea 273 cingulifera 261,273 Colorado 263,273 curema 250,273 duplicata 258,273 edusa 272 edusina 229,272 exhausta 221,272 flctilis 222,272 galbanata 273 helata 252,273 horrida 270,273 insuda 234,272 intenta 273 involuta 272 largera 257,273 lineosa 1 243,273 lunata 225,272 lunifera 241,243,261,272,273 metata 248,273 miner, ea 238,272 nigricans 272 norda 236,272 obliqua 247,272,273 penna 241,272 plenipennis 272 putrescens 272 rosae 272 rubi 266,273 riibiata 265,273 salicis 228,272 saundersii 272 squammularis 253,273 undularis 231,272 var. umbripennis 272 uniformis 273 unilineata 245,273 viridans 224,272 woodii 273 yavapai 267,273 Phseomyias - 631 Pbaeopharas 631 Phaeotriccus 631 Phalacrocoracidae 605, 647 Phalacrocorax dilophus. . 605 Phalaena calycanthata. .J. 269 Phalaenivora , J. 631 Phalaropodidae ./ 588 Phanogenia / 123 alata 124,126 alternans 124 belli 124 bennetti 124 briareus 124 carpenter! 124 divaricata 124 Page. Phanogenia duplex 124 echinoptera 124 elongata 124 gracilis 124 grandicalyx 124 japonica 124 littoralis 124 macrobrachius 124 inaeulata 124 magnifica 124 meridionalis 124 nobilis 124 novse-guinese 124 orientalis 124 parvicirra 124 peronii 124 quadrata 124 regalis 124 robustipinna 124 rotalaria 124 rubiginosa 124 schlegelii 124 serrata 124 stelligera 124 trichoptera 124 typica 124 valida 124 variabilis 124 Phasianalector 632 macartney! 632 Phasianidae 587, 591, 594, 605, 610, 632, 633, 634, 637, 641 Phasianus argus 591 gallus 587 meleagris 626 Ph!l)alura flavirostris 636 Philomedes 401,427 brenda 401,426 Philydra 632 Phoenicophaus 596 Phoenicopteridae 646 Pholadomya subelongata 349 PhoUdauges femoraUs 591 Phoniomyia 69 simms! 65 Phormoplectes 632 Phororhacidas 642 Photidae 541 Photis reinhard! 543 Phoxocephahdae 518 Phragmites 632 arundinacea 632 locustella 632 saUcaria 632 Phrixocephalus 461 cmcmnatus 461,476 Phronima sedentaria <90 Phronimidae 490 Phry gilus - - - 632 enucleator 632 vulgaris 632 Phyllastrephus leucoplsurus 645 scandens 636 Phyllobates 632 ery thronotus 632 Phyllomyias subviridis. 585 INDEX. 751 Page. Phyllooecia 632 cliloroleuca 632 Picidse 599,603,606 Pickering tree-frog 559 Picuscafer 636 (Ctuysoptilopicus) smithii 599 varius 600 Pimelometopon pulcher 441,477 Pimephales notatus 549 Pinarocorys 632 Pine-tree lizard \ 563 Pine vole \ 572 Pinna calamitoides ; 349 Pintado \ 633 numida 633 Pipistrellus subflavus 547, 580 Pipra 633 deliciosa 587 leucocephala 633 leucocilla 633 punctata 642 Pipridse 587,633,641, Piranga azarae 606 cyanictera 625 Pisania aff. fortis 344 Pisobia 633 Pitangus taylori 646 Placentula 277 Placopharynx duquesnii 549 Placostomus 633 Plagiogranunus hopkinsi 183, 185 Plagiogrammus hopkinsi. Notes on Two Rare California lishes, Rimicola cigen- manniand, by John Otterbein Snyder 183 Plagiolophus vancouverensis 341,346 Plancus 633 maior 633 Planorhamphus 633 Platyrhainphus / 633 Platyrhynchus cancroma ■. j 633 polychroptcrus 60 superciliaris 633 Platystrophia lynx ^. . . . 134 Platy triccus /. 633 Plectrophanes / 634 Plethodon aencus /. 555 cinereus 1 553,555 glutinosus J. 553 Pleurogrammus inonopterygius . . / 439, 440, 447 Pleurota / 189,190 bicostella /. 191 Pleustidaj 531 Plexauridac 683, 719 Ploceidae 588, 589, 598, 600, 609, 615, 621, 025', 626, (527, (532, 637, 638, 643 Ploceus castan(!ofuscus . . 600 nigerrinius yl 621 rubiginosus T 600 Plotoides ^ 634 surinamensis 634 Pluinarclla 715 longispina (583,(584 , 7 1 6 Podoceropsis nitida 543 Podoces biddulphi 60S hcndersoni 60S huinilis 637 Page. Poecile superciliosa -. 634 Poeciloides 634 Pogoniulus 634 Pogonomis 634 Pogonotriccus zeledoni 616 Poliocichla 634 Poliolais 634 helenorae 634 Polyplectron 634 argus 634 Pomarinus 635 fuscus 635 Poneropsar 635 Potamocypris 400 smaragdina 400 Potamolegus 635 superciliaris 635 furvicollis 635 magniplumis 635 Potentilla palustre 418 Prairie cottontail 574 meadow mouse 57 Pratincola 635 Preliminary Revision of the Beyrichiidae, with Descriptions of New Genera. New American Paleozoic Ostracoda. By E. O. Ulrich and Ray S. Bassler 277 Preoneornis 635 roridus 635 Primitia.. 277,278,313 Primitiella 279 Primnoidae 683,714 Pringa minuta 633 Prionapteryx 370 baboquivariella 374 nebulifera 370, 376 serpentella 376 Stephens 369 Prionochilus 635 brasiliensis 635 Probateus 636 roseus 583,(536 Procellaria glacialis 612 pelagica 648 Procellariidae 648 Procniatidae 598 Proctolabus 396 bullatus 396 pulchripcnnis 39(5 Prodotes 636 Promo])icus 63(5 Pro})aroides (53(5 Prosphorocichla 63(5 Prosopolepis jocosa 64 Protoi)tilidae (582,713 Pnmcllidac 590 Psalidoramplios 589, (536 Psaliurus (505,(53(5 acevalianus 63(5 Psammogorgia 719 arbuscula (583,(584 , 7 1 9 simi)Iex (583,(584 , 720 spaiildingi 683,684,721 torreyi (583,684,721 Psar 636 variegatus 636 752 INDEX, Page. Psettichthys melanostictus 440, 477 Pseudagelseiis 637 Pseudalibrotus 502 Pseudammomanes 637 Pseudanthracia squainmularis 253 Pseudemys rubriventrls 164 Pseudochondracanthus 436 diceraus 430, 477 Pseudocorys 602,637 Pseudogerygone rubra 609 Pseudonigrita 637 Pseudopodoces 637 Pseudospennestes 637 goossensi 637 Pseudospheniscus 637 interplanus 637 Pseudotaon. 637 Pseudoxenicus 637 Pseudozosterops 637 Psilocorsis 189,196 cryptolechiella 197 dubitatella 197 faginella 197 obsoletella 197 quercicella 196, 197 reflexella 197 Psittacidse 601,619,622,631 Psittacus aterrimus 609 galeatus 602 pygmseus 622 Psittparrus 638 Psophia crepitans 586 Pteroclidae 592 Ptilocorys 602 Ptilopus? incognita 648 Piilosarcus 689 quadrangularis 682, 684, 689' Puffinidae 612,619,639 Puffmus 638 flavirostris 638 Putorius noveboracensis 576 Pycnonotidae 585, 591, 592, 595, 597, 601, 615, 636, 643, 645 Pyrgitina 638 americana 401,426 Pyrocypris 401,426 Pyrorhamphus 638 berlepschianus 638 Pyrrhocorax 638 Pyrrhula rhodochlamys 640 Pytelia ansorgei 598 caniceps 627 Querquedula 638 Rail-fence lizard 563 Rallidae 622 Ramphalcyon 657,660 amauroptera 657, 600, 661 capensis burmanica 659, 661, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, 675, 677, 678, 679 capensis.. 658,661,663,664, 665, 667, 668, 670, 671, 672, 673, 675, 676, 677, 678, 679 cy anop tery x 659, 661,664,672, 676,679 floresi 657 floresiana 659,661,679 Page. Ramphalcyon capensis gigantea 660, 666, 667, 668, 670 gouldi 661, 666, 667, 668, 669, 670 gurial 659,061,669, 671.672. 673. 675. 677.679 hydropliila. 659,661,677,678 intermedia 659, 661,666, 667,669, 670 isoptera 659,661,671, 672, 674, 675, 676, 679 javana. 661,666,667,668,670 javanica 659,665 malaccensis 659, 661,676,678, 679 nesoeca 659, 661. 673. 674. 675. 676. 679 simalurensis.. 659, 661, 671, 672, 673, 674, 676, 678, 679 sodalis 659,661, 672. 673. 674. 676. 678. 679 gigantea 658 gouldi 658 gurial 658 intermedia 658 javana 658 malaccensis 658 melanorhyncha dichrorhyn- cha 660, 663 eutreptorh yn- cha 660,663 m e 1 a n 0 - rhyncha 660, / 661,663 melanorhynchus 657 Ramphalcyon (Pelargopsis). A Revision of the Kingfisher Genus, by H. C. Oberholser. 657 Ramphosteon 638 Rana catesbeiana 562 catesbiana 547 clamitans 546,561 pipiens 546,561 Rare California Fishes, Rimicola eigenmanni and Plagiogrammus hopkinsi. Notes on Two, by John Otterbein Snyder 183 Rathbun, Mary J. Descriptions of Fossil Crabs from California 341 Recent Pentacrinitidae. The Axial Canals of the, by A. H. Clark 87 Red bat 581 fox 575 Reguliidse 627 Rehn, James A. G. Two New Species of Neotropical Orthoptera of the Family Acrididae 395 Reichenowia 638 Remarks on the Silicification of Fossils. The Formation of Geodes, with, by Ray S. Bassler 133 Remiz 638 Renggerornis 638 leucophthalmus 638 Renilla 587,714 amethystina 682,684,714 Renillidae T'. 682,714 Report on the Ostracoda of the United States National Museum. A further, by R. W. Sharpe 399 INDEX. 753 Page. Eeptiles 562 Eetropluma 341 Revision of American Moths of the Family CEcophoridae, with Descriptions of New Species. A Generic, by August Buscli 187 Revision of some Species of Noctuidse here- fore referred to the Genus Homoptera Bois- duval, by J. B. Smith 209 Revision of the Beyrichiidae, with DeseripV tions of New Genera. New American', Paleozoic Ostracoda. Preliminary, by E. O. Ulrich and Ray S. Bassler 277 Revision of the Kingfisher Genus Ram- phalcyon (Pelargopsis), by H. C. Ober- holser 657 Rhacura 72 pulchera •. 74 Ehadina 639 Rhamphosynthlipsis 639 Rheidae 610 Rhinichthys atronasus 549 Rhipornis 639 Rhondella 639 Rhopocichia 639 Rhopornis 639 Rhus glabra 574 vemix 419 Rhynchaeites 639 messelensis 639 Rhynchodon 639 Rhynchotrerna capax 134 Riacama 639 caliginea 6.39 Richardson, Harriet. Some New Isopoda of the Superfamily Aselloidea from the Atlantic Coast of North America 71 Some New Isopods of the Family Gnath- iidae from the At- lantic Coast of North America 483 Richmond, Charles W. Generic Names ap- plied to Birds during the Years 1901 to 1905, in- clusive, with fur- ther Additions to Waterhouse’s ‘Hndex Gene- rum Avium”... 583 Rimicola eigenmanni 183, 184, 185 Rirnicola eigenmanni and Plagiogramnius hopkinsi. Notes on Two Rare California Fishes, by .John Otterl)ein Snyder 183 Rimicola nuiscarum 184 Ring-neck snake .5(i4 Ripaccola 639 locustella 639 Ripidicala 640 Riu Kiu Islands. Descri{)lions of Eighteen New Species and Two New Genera of Fishes from .lapan and the, l>y .John Olterbein Snyder ; 9.3 Proc. N. M. vol XXXV 08 4(S Page Rubicilla 640 Rubricapilla 640 alnus 640 Rufipes 640 vulgaris 640 Rupicula 640 albogularis 640 rufiventris 640 threnothorax 640 Ruwenzorornis 640 Rynchopidae 589,636 Rynchops 589 Sabethes longipes 63 schausi 63 tarsopus 62 Saccharivora 640 Salangana 640 Salarias biseriatus 106, 107 muscarus 109 sinuosus 109 undecimalis 110 Salix 418 Salmo iridens 470 Salvelinus mahna 441, 469, 470, 472, 477 Sapayoa ' 641 aenigma 641 Sarracenia purpurea 419 Satyra 641 Saxidomus gracilis 342 Say bat 578 Scjeorhynchus 6.38 Scaridse 99 Sceloporus undulatus 563 Schrenia 641 Scina 490 Scinidse 490 Scirpus 418 Sci urop terus volans ,569 Sciurus carolinensis 569 niger rufiventer 568 Scofieldia 314 bilateralis 314 ScolopacidfE 596, 603, 618, 625, 633, 639, (>48 Scolopax erythropus ,596 fusca 596 glottis 624 nemoricola 625 sabini .- 648 semipalmata 624 undulata 648 Scopelocheirus coecus ,500 Scop i dm 597 Scops 641 zorca 648 Scorpus umbretta 597 Scutella breweriana 342 Sebastodes glaucus 467,477 rubrivinctus 439,477 Seiren 641 arborea 641 pratensis 641 ricardi 641 rupestris 641 Seisura 64! einerea 641 Hava 641 inaculata 641 754 INDEX. Page. Seisura neglecta G41 Semioscopis 190,201 allenella 201 aurorella 201 i inornatella 201 I megamicrella 201 } merriccella 201 | packardella 201 stcinkellneriana 201 Seiniparus 642 Sericornis gutturalis. 627 Serinus 642 rend alii 589 Sharpe, Richard W. A further Report on the Ostracoda of the United States National Museum 399 Shells from Mexico, believed to be New. De- scriptions and Figures of some Land and Fresh-water, by W. IJ. Dali 177 Sieberocitta 642 SilicifiCat on of Fossils. The Fonnation of Geodes, with Remarks on the, by Ray S. Bassler 133 ! Silvestrius 642 Siolia 642 j spinicauda 642 j Siphonalia 346 | Siren lacertina 550 i Sitella 625,642 * Sitocorax 610,642 Sitta chrysoptera 642 Sittidse 62.5,642 Sittiparus 636,642 Skulls with Low Forehead. New Examples of American Indian, by Ales Ilrdlicka 171 Skunk 576 j Slimy salamander 553 Small shrew 577 Smiliornis 642 penetrans , 642 Smith, John B. A Revision of some Species of Noctuidae heretofore referred to the Genus Ilomoptera Boisduval 209 Snapping turtle 567 Snyder, John Otterbein. Descriptions of Eighteen New Species and Two New Genera of Fishes from Japan and the Riu Kill Is- lands 93 Notes on Two Rare C a 1 i - fornia fishes, R i m i c 0 1 a eigenmanni and Plagio- g r a m m u s hopkinsi 183 Solenolambrus 7 346 Some New Isopoda of the Supepfamily Ase!- loidea from the Atlantic Coast of North America, by Harriet Richardson 71 Sparvius ruficollis 645 93 431 209 367 Base Spatula clypeata 400.414 Species. A Generic Revision of American Moths of the Famil}^ QHcophoridne, with De- scriptions of New, by August Busck 187 Species and Two New Genera of Fislies from Japan and the Riu Kiu Islands. Descrip- tions of Eighteen New, by John Otterbein Snyder Species. North American Parasitic Cope- pods: A List of those found uiion the Fishes of the Pacific Coast, with Di'scrijitions of New Genera and, by Charles Branch Wilson Species of Carnivorous Dinosaurs, with spe- cial Reference to Ceratosaiirus nasicornis Marsh. On certain Genera and, by Oliver P- Hay 351 Species of Neotropical Orthojitera of the Fam- ily Acrididae. Two New, by James A. G. Rehn 395 Species of Noctuidae heretofore referred to the Genus Ilomoptera Boisduval. A Revision of some, by J. B. Smith Species of North American Crambid Moths. Descriptions of New, by W. D. Kearfott... Species of North American Fossil Turtles, Four of which are New. Descriptions of Five, by Oliver P. ITay 161 Species. The Amphipoda collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries Steamer Alba- tross off the West Coast of North America, in 1903 and 1904, with Descriptions of a New Family and several New Genera and, by Samuel J. Holmes 489 Spelerpes bislineatus 556 longicaudus 555 maculicaudus 546, 555, 548 Spermologa 642 Spheniscidae 589, 590, 591, 608, 611, 615, 616, 621,624, 628, 629, 630, 637, 647 Spilornis bacha 592 Spiny soft-shelled turtle 567 Spirocypris 400,406 passaica 400,407 tuberculata 400,405,406 Spizites ■ ■. 642 Spizocorys personata 586 Spotted salamander 552 Spreading adder 564 Spreo albicapillus 635 Stachyptilidae 682,708 Stachyptilum 70S quadridentatum 682,684,709 superbum 682,684,708 Steamer Albatross off the West Coast of North America, in 1903 and 1904, with De- scriptions of a New Family and several New Genera and Species. The Amphipoda col- lected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, by Samuel J. Holmes ■ 489 Steganura 643 Stelgidocichia 643 Stellerocitta <>13 Stenogorgia 723 kofoidi 683,684,724 StercorariidiE 635 Stereolepis gigas 440,477 INDEX, 755 Page. Stereornithes 592, 608 Sterna 598 albifrons 598 eantiaea 598 caspia. 598 dougalli 598 hirundo 598 minuta 598 nigra v 598 Steusloffia \ 289 Stictornis .\ 643 Stilipcdidse 535 Stilipes 536 distincta 489,536 Stipituropsis 643 Stipiturus 643 Stone lemming mouse 570 Stoparola 643 Storer snake 565 Storeria occipito-maculata 565 Streptostyla 178 bartschii 178, 180 jilitlana 179 toyuca 179,180 Strepula 277,284 lineata 296 lunatifera 306 reticulata 297 simplex 286 Strigidae 591, 594, 611, 612, 628, 648 Striped tree-frog 558 Strix alba 647 flammea 647 nivea 612/ nyctea 612 tengmalmi 604 Stroparola luctuosa ,643 Struthio casuarius 597 Struthiones 592,608 Struthus / 643 Strychnos 643- Study in the W. L. Abbott Collections. Vo- cabulary of Malaysian Basketwork: by Otis T. Mason J 1 Sturnidae 591, 607, 611„621, 635, 636 Sturnus cinclus ./ 585, 599, 614 Stylatula ,! 699,701 elongata L. 682, 684, 699 Stylatulidae 1. 682, 698 Superfamily Aselloidea from the / Atlantic ('oast of North America. Soine/Ne-w Iso- poda of the, by Harriet Richardson 71 Surattha j 369,370 indcntclla / 372 santella .i. 371 Sycoluotus insignis ! 632 Sylosella / 643 Sylvia baeticata / 626 niis 1 613 herbicola / 599 luscinia J. 619 paludicola / .596 palustris 613 Philadelphia 599 phragmitis 613 Page. Sylvia rufa 639 Sylvicola 643 Sylviidae 589,596,601,604,605, 609, 612, 616, 619, 626, 627, 632, 634, 639, 646, 648 Sylvilagus floridanus mearnsi 547,574 Symphoricarpos symphoricarpos 574 Sympodium 686 armatum 682,684,686 Syirallaxis cururuvi 593 niflcapilla 593 Synaphe 278,320,322 Synaptomys cooperi stonei 568, 570 Tachynautes 644 Tadorna 644 Taeniotriccus 644 andrei 644 Taenioptera erythropygia 600 striaticollis 627 Tamarrha 190,204 bittenella 205 delliella ■. 205 niveosella 205 Tamias striatus 569 Tamphalcyon capensis 658 Tanagra 644 albirostris 644 leucocephala 593 tatao 644 Tangaridse 593, 594, 606, 616, 625, 644 Tantalus falcinellus 607 Tapera 644 brasiliensis 644 Teleoceras fossi ger 166 Teleornis 645 impressus 645 Telesto 685 ambigua 682,684,686 rigida : 682, 684, 685 Temia : (>45 Terebratalia occidentalis 342 Terenotriccus 645 Tereronidae 631 Terrapene Carolina 167, 168, 547, 567 longinsulae 166,168 ornata 167,168 Tersina caerulea 598 Testudo orthopygia 166 Tetema 645 Tetradella 277, 306.. 313 allinis 306 Imhemica .306 bussacensis 306 carinata ■ .306 complicata .306 decorat a .30t> digitata 306 erratica • .306 harpa 306 (Kiesowia) dissecta .306 mainillosa .306 radians .307 lacunata .306 lunatifera 306 marchica 30ti anguslata .306 756 INDEX, Page. Tet radel la march ica lata ■ 306 palmata 306 ^ quadrilirata 307 var. simplex 307 j riheiriana 307 simplex 307 suhquadrans 307 Tetrao alchata 592 arborea 596 francolinus 610 gibraltaricus 628 Tetraonidse 596, 605, 608, 640, 645 Tetri X 645 niger 645 sylvicola 645 Thamnophilus cyanocephalus 600 punctatus 584 (Silvestrius) flavescens 642 Thamnophis sirtalis 566 Thapsinillas 645 Thaiimantias 645 Thaumasius 645 Thaumatocrinus 113, 128 Thaumatopsis atomosella 386, 388 coloradella 386 crenulatella 386, 389 edonis 386 fernaldella 386 gibsonella 387 magnifica 386 nortella 386 pectinifer 386 pexella 386,391 repanda 386,390 striatella 386 Theropoda 362 Thescelocichla 645 Thrasyaccipiter — 645 seminoctumis 645 Thrasys 646 Thryorchilus 646 Tiaris 598 Tiger salamander 552 Tiliomis 646 senex 646 Timaliidae 586, 593, 594, 613, 614, 615, 616, 624, 625, 636, 637, 642 Timber wolf 576 Tinamulus 646 decoloratur 646 paludum 646 virescens 646 Titiza 646 lightfooti 646 Tityra viridis / 593 Toad J 557 Todirhamphus 646 pectoralis.- 646 ruficeps. 646 ■ Todirostrum ecaudatum/ 631 Tolmarchus 646 Torgos , 646 Totanus 596 stagnatilis 596 Trachodon 357 Page. Trachyphonus vaillantii 636 Tragopan 046 Trebinae 447 Trebiuus tenuifiireatus 447 Treleudytcs 647 crassa 647 Treposella 292,314 lyoni 292,314,315 Treronidse 589, 601 , 623, 648 Triakis semifasciatum 450 Trichites 595 Trichophorus icterinus 591 notatus '. 615 Trichostoma 586 Triclonella 187, 190, 203 determinatella 203 pergandeella 203 Trigonia evansiana 349 leana 349 Tringa arenaria 003 fulicaria 588 glacialis 588 glareola 590 hypoleucos 590 leucophaea 603 morinella 599 ochropus 590 temminckii 633 Trionyx spiniferus 507 Trochilidae 580, 589, 001, 621, 645 Trochilus longirostris 589 Troglodytes 029 aMon 629 browni 646 Troglodytidae 624, 627, 029, 040 Trogon antisianus 590 neoxenus 609 Trogonidae 580, 609, 612 Tropical America. Descriptions of some New Mosquitoes from, by II. G. Dyar and Fred- erick Knab 53 Tropiometra 120 Trygonoides 647 capensis 647 Tryphanidae 490 Tryphosa 498 * coeea 490 Turdidae 585, 001, 606, 610, 612, 617, 627, 631, 634 Turdus aurantius 612 azureus 627 citrinus 610 longirostris 601 roseus 583, 015, 021 Turnicidse 628 Turritella ocoyana 346 pescaderoensis 349 Turtles, Four of which are New. Descriptions of Five Species of North American Fossil, by Oliver P. Hay 161 Two-lined triton 556 Two New Genera of Fishes from Japan and the Riu Kill Islands. Descriptions of Eighteen New Species and, by John Otter- bein Snyder 93 INDEX. t 0 i Page. Two New Species of Neotropical Orthoptera of the Family Acrididae, by J. A. G. Rehn. 395 Two Rare California Fishes, Rimicola eigen- manni and Plagiogrammus hopkinsi. Notes on, by John Otterbein Snyder 183 Tyrannidae 585,590,592,600, 603, 623, 627, 631, 632, 633, 638, 644, 645, 646, 647 Tyrannopsis 647 Tyrannula phoenicura 623 Tyrannulus semiflavus 622 Tyto 647 Uintacrinus 125 Ulrich, Edward O., and Ray S. Bassler. New American Paleozoic Ostracoda. Pre- liminary Revision of the Beyrichiidae, with Descriptions of New Genera 277 LTrichia , 278,316 confluens 323 Umbellula 710 huxleyi 682, 684, 711 loma.' 682,684,712 magniflora 682,684,710,712,713 Urnbellulidae 682,710 United States National Museum. A further Report on the Ostracoda of the, by R. W. Sharpe 399 Upupidae 608 Uria wumizusume 639 U rocyon cinerereoargenteus 575 • Urolais 647 marise 647 Urolophus halleri 447 Uscodys 367 cestalis - 368,369 U tricularia -. 418 Vaccinium corymbosum yi 419 Vaginalis alba y- 600 Valettiopsis ./ 489, 494 dentatus ./ 495 Vanellochettusia 647 Venilia /. 192 albapalpella y , 193 V ergia solanorum V. 593 V^'ertebrates of the Indira University Farm, Mitchell, Indiana. /Notes on the Mammals and Cold-bloodedyr)y Walter L. Hahn .545 Vibilia californica/ 490 Vibiliidse / 490 Viguacarbo 647 Virginia eleg^s 563 sna^c 563 Virgularia /longata 699 'fmmarchica 705 gracilis 700,701 grandi flora 710 Virgi^laridae 682,704 Vimibucco 647 Vocabulary of Malaysian Bask(>twork: Study in the W. L. Abbott Collections, l>y Otis T. Mason 1 Page. Vulpesfulvus 575 Vultur auricularis 646 gryphus 611 serpentarius 612 tracheliotus 646 V ulturidae ...581, 6.30 Waterhouse’s ‘Hndex Genenim Avium.” Generic Names applied to Birds durjhg the Years 1901 to 1905, inclusive, wi^ further Additions to, by C. W. Richmond .583 Wea.sel yt'. .576 West Coast of North Ameri^, in 1903 and 1904, with Descriptions okm New Family and several New Genera/nd Species. The Amphipoda collected by the U. S, Bureau of Fisheries Steamer/' Albatross ” off the, by Samuel J. HolmCs 489 Western painted to/toise 567 White-footed mouse 573 Wilson, Charles Branch, North American Parasitic Copepods: a List of those found upon the.- Fishes of the Pacific Coast, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species. . . 431 Woodchuck 569 Wyeomyia abascanta 1 65 ,/ abebela 67 / abia 67 / ablabes 66 ablechra 66 andropus 68 argyrura 70 baria 69 clasoleuca 68,69 d junodora 68 gynsecopus 66 mataea 70 megalodora 69 sororcula 70 Xanthopsar 647 Xen isthmus 105 proriger 105 Xenocichla nigriceps .591 Xen ops .589 Xenorhynehopsis 648 minor 648 tibialis 618 Xenolreron 648 Xiphornis 648 Xyloeota 64S Yoldia impressa 34.5 Ypsia aeruginosa 233 undularis 231 Yp.solophus trimaculellus 191 Zalehorrida 262,270 Zalochelidon 618 Zelica 648 troehilus 618 Zorca., 648 arborea 618 Zosteropidae 637 o % Juuyj, ^/uau.^1—^ /t. %ukji • *f»f. SSS I _' -1 > ' ,.. . V., r j. GETTY CENTER LIBRARY IIIIIIMIIIIIIIII■illlll■l