M. B. A. HISTORICAL CATALOGUE OF PORTRAITS, REPRESENTING DISTINGUISHED PERSONS IN THE HISTORY AND LITERATURE OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. LONDON rUINTED BY W. BULMER AND W. NlCOt, CLEVEtAND-KOW, ST. James's. 1820. PRICE TWO SHILLINGS. Attendants are placed in different parts of the Gallery to prevent any Person from touching the Pictures. FOU PROMOTING THE FINE ARTS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM. FOUNDED, JUNE 4, 1805, OPENED, JANUARY 18, 1806. THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY, PATRON. THE MOST NOBLE THE MARQUIS OF STAFFORD, K.G. PRESIDENT. THE RIGHT HONOURABLE SIR CHARLES LONG, G.C.B. DEPUTY PRESIDENT. Digitized by the Internet Arciiive in 2014 https://archive.org/details/historicalcataloOObrit GOVERNORS OF THE BRITISH INSTITUTION. THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY, PATRON. THE MEMBERS OF THE ROYAL FAMILY. 6 GOVERNORS OF THE BRITISH INSTITUTION. HEREDITARY GOVERNORS. The Marq^uis of Stafford, President and Director, The Right Hon. Sir Charles Long, Deputy Presidejit and Director* The Duke of Bedford ^ f^ice President and Director^ The Duke of Marlborough, Vice President and Visitor^ The Earl of Aberdeen, Vice President and Director, The Earl of Ashburnham, Vice President and Director, The Earl of Bridgewater, Vice President and Visitor^ The Earl of Dartmouth, Vice President and Director^ The Earl of Egremont, Vice President and Visitor, The Lord North wick, Vice President and Visitor^ Marquis oj Abercorn Earl of Aylesford George Aust, Esq, Sir Emanuel Felix Agar, Bart. John Julius Angerstein, Esq. Marquis of Bute, Director Earl Brownlow, Director Sir George Beaumont, Bart. Director Sir Thomas Bernard^ Bart, Lady Bernard Sir Frederick Baker, Bart. Sir Thomas Baring, Bart. M.P. Director Rev. James Baker John Bay ford, Esq. T. R. Beaumont, Esq. M. P. John Blackall, Esq. Thomson Bonar, Esq. R. H. Bradshaw, Esq. M. P. T. H. Broadhead, Esq. M. P. Marquis Camden, Visitor Earl of Carslisle Rev. W. Holvvell Carr, Director Earl Cowper Earl of Carysfort Lord Carrington N.W.RidleyColhorne,Esq.M.P.rmV annual 1 1 Beeston Long, Esq. 52 10 Abbe Girot annual 1 1 Edward L. Loveden^ Esq. - 105 0 SUBSCRIBERS 11 52 52 105 John Lowther, Esq. M.P. £ 52 10 Sir John William Lubbock,Bt. M.P. 105 0 William Ludlam, Esq. - 105 0 Rev. Dr. Luscombe annual 1 1 William Manning, Esq. M. P. - 52 10 Earl Manvers - - 105 0 Thomas March^ Esq. - annual 1 1 Duke of Marlborough - 105 O Archdeacon Markham - annual 1 1 G. Morant;, Esq. - annual 1 1 Earl of Mulgrave - - 105 0 Sir Oswald Mosley, Bart. M. P. 10 10 Sir John Murray, Bart. - 52 10 John Maitland, Esq. M. P. - 52 10 E. Fuller Maitland, Esq. M. P. 52 10 T. P. Macqueen, Esq. M. P. - 52 10 P. S. Marett, Esq. - - 10 10 John Meheux, Esq. - 105 O Philip Metcalfe, Esq. - 52 10 R. Stuart Meikleham, Esq. annual 1 1 Miss Middleton Sir S. Bernard Morland, Bart. M. P. Francis Bernard Morland, Esq. Miss Moody James Moss, Esq. John Murray, Esq. Lord Northwick John Nash, Esq. Sir Thomas Neave, Bart. Right Hon Sir John Nicholl W. J. Newton, Esq. - annual 1 1 Lord Normanby, M. P. - annual 1 1 George Nicol, Esq. - annual 3 3 Mrs. Nicol - - annual 3 3 John Nixon, Esq. - annual 1 1 Marquis of Ormond - - 52 10 Charles Offley, Esq. - - 52 10 Sir John Orde, Bart. - annual 1 1 George Philips, Esq. M. P. - 52 10 EarlofPowis - - 105 0 John Penn, Esq. - annual 5 Lord Viscount Palmerston, M. P. 52 Thomas Lister Parker, Esq. - 105 S. Palmer, Esq. - annual 1 Roger Pettiward, Esq. - 52 Louis Hayes Petit, Esq. - 105 annual 10 10 o 3 3 10 10 annual 1 1 52 10 105 0 52 10 M. P. 52 10 0 10 0 1 10 0 The Hon. Augustus Phipps annual £ I 1 The Hon. Mrs. Augustus Phipps ann, 1 1 The Hon. General Phipps, M. P. 52 10 Sir Robert Peele, Bart. M. P. - 105 0 J. C. Parker, Esq. - 10 10 Charles Pieschell, Esq. - 105 0 Augustus Pieschell, Esq. - 52 10 John Perry, Esq. - - 52 10 Philip Perry, Esq. - 52 10 Hon. E. Petre - - 105 0 Rt. Hon. W. Wellesley Pole, M. P. 52 10 Lord Viscount Ranelagh - 105 0 Peter Rainier, Esq. - 52 10 George Reveley, Esq. - 52 10 David Ricardo, Esq. M. P. - 52 10 Sir Matthew White Ridley, Bart. M.P. 52 10 Rev. John Robinson - 52 10 Sir Christopher Robinson, Bart. 10 10 Cornelius H. Rodes, Esq. - 10 10 Samuel Rogers, Esq. - 105 0 Earl of Rosebery - - 105 0 Jesse Watts Russell, Esq. - 105 0 Marquis of Stafford - - 105 0 Earl Spencer - - 52 10 Bishop of Salisbury - annual 1 1 Right Hon. Sir Wm. Scott, M. P. 52 10 Claude Scott, Esq. - 105 0 Samuel Scott, Esq. M. P. - 105 0 William Scrope, Esq. - 52 10-^ Henry Seymour, Esq. - 105 0 Richard Simmons, Esq. - 105 0 William Smith, Esq. M. P. - 105 0 George Smith, Esq. M. P. - 105 0 Enos Smith, Esq. - - 10 10 R.H. Solly, Esq. - - 52 10 Edmund Solly, Esq. - 52 10 William Sotheby, Esq. - 52 10 J. W. Steers, Esq. - 10 10 W. J. Sturch, Esq, - annual 1 1 Sir M. M. Sykes, Bart. M. P. - 52 10 John Symmons, Esq. - 105 0 R. T. Searle, Esq. - annual 1 1 Richard Thompson, Esq. - 105 0 William Tassie, Esq. - 52 10 George Watson Taylor, Esq. M, P. 105 O Samuel Thornton, Esq. M. P. 105 0 32 SUBSCRIBERS. Henry Bache Thornhill, Esq. £L 105 0 Sir Robert Wigram, Bart. - 105 0 Robert Thornton^ Esq. 52 10 oir W. W. Wynn, Bart. M. r. 105 0 George Townley, Esq. 52 J u Lnarles yVaU, JtLsq. 105 0 Lord Charles Townshend 105 f\ yj Frederick Webb, Esq. 105 0 Charles H. Tracy, Esq. - 105 r\ O John Webb, Esq annual 1 1 Colonel Thackeray _ annual 1 1 1 Mrs. Weddell 105 u Right Hon. N. Vansittart, M.P. 105 0 S. C, Weston, Esq. annual 1 1 The Rev. Thomas Vialls 105 William Henry AVhitbread, Esq. M.P. 105 William Vaughan, Esq. 10 10 W. Wilberforce, Esq. M. P. - 105 0 Earl of Upper Ossory 105 0 Roger Wilbraham, Esq. 105 0 R. Walpole, Esq. 52 10 Sir Francis Willes annual 1 1 Sir George Warrender^ Bart. M. P 52 10 M. M. Zackary, Esq. annual 1 1 ( I i To show the comparative degrees of excellence to which the Art of Painting has arrived in this country at different periods, and to exhibit the Portraits of many of the most eminent men who have flourished amongst us, cannot fail to be interesting to the artist, the historian, and the public at large. We never read of the actions of any distinguished individual, without feeling a desire to see a resemblance of his person ; we often imagine that we can trace the character of the man in the expression of his countenance ; and we retain a more correct re- collection of his actions, by keeping in our minds a lively impres- sion of his general appearance. In submitting this Collection to the inspection of the Public, we do not profess to exhibit the Portraits of all the eminent men who have distinguished themselves in the annals of British His- tory ; of some of them neither the Art of Painting nor of Sculp- ture has handed down to us any resemblance ; and of others, we have been obliged to admit that which is rather the received representation, than the well authenticated portrait. The prin- ciples we have kept in view, in making our selection, have been, first, the celebrity of the individual who is represented ; and, [ 14 1 secondly^ the excellence of the painting itself. We have thus, in some instances, admitted the Portrait of an eminent person, where there is little merit in the performance ; and in others, we have admitted a well painted Portrait, where there was compa- ratively little celebrity belonging to the individual it represents. Our object in forming the Collection has been to interest, ra- ther than to instruct. We attempt to guide the Artist no further than to offer for his observation, from time to time, specimens, from which we think he may derive improvement, — the rest de- pends upon himself : as little do we enter into the examination of questions connected with the cultivation of the Arts, which have been often discussed, and perhaps never satisfactorily decided — Whether a School of Painting is more likely to create imitators than to assist extraordinary talents ; whether the facilities which it affords are of material advantage to the Artist ; whether real genius will not more probably lead to excellence by following its own course ; and whether it will not surmount all difficulties, and show itself still more transcendant, because it has had to contend with them — are questions we do not attempt to solve. Our purpose is to extend to a wider circle the love and admira- tion, and patronage of the Arts ; if we succeed in this attempt, we advance the cause we have undertaken. His Majesty, the illustrious Patron of our Institution, whose gracious assistance in furthering our general objects is so strongly exemplified in the present Exhibition, has done more to promote the Arts, than any Sovereign in Europe. In the encouragement which he has held out, munificence and taste have been equally displayed. His example will not only be admired, but followed : but we have also among us many other liberal promoters of the [ 15 ] Arts. In foreign countries, where the Sovereign is almost the only Patron, a work which he has noticed, finds at once a thou- sand imitators. Imitation is the consequence of such limited encouragement — the exertion of talent, in the particular line in which each individual excels, is the result of general and exten- sive patronage. With us, every Artist may pursue his own course; for every man of genius and of talent will find his admirer and his patron. T«' increase the number of such admirers, is the great object of the British Institution : we hope our endeavours have not been exerted in vain. No person of liberal and enlightened mind can dou I the use and the importance of encouraging the cultivation of t1 Arts. They are connected, not only with the comforts and amusements of polished society, but with the general inter- ests of the nation ; and we entertain the hope that the same energy of mind which characterises our countrymen, and which raised the glory of our Arms to its highest elevation in the late war, may carry the improvement of our Arts to the same degree of pre-eminence during the interval of peace. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE; g:3- The Name of the Painter in Italic, the Proprietor in Roman. North End. No. 1 King George III. - - - Gainsborough. - HIS MAJESTY. 2 James II. when Duke of York. Sir Peter Lely. » HIS MAJESTY. 3 King Charles I. - - Vandyke. - - HIS MAJESTY. This has been always considered as the finest Portrait ever painted by Vandyke. The person who holds the Helmet is Mons. de St. Antoine, who was one of the King*s Equerries. This Picture was bought at the Sale of Charles the First's effects, in 1651, by Van Leimput, a Dutch painter,- who paid for it ^200. ; it was recovered from him by process of law, after the Restoration, and replaced in the Royal Collection. 4 King William III. - ~ - Netcher. - G. W. Taylor, Esq. This Picture was presented to Princess Mary before her Marriage with King William. 5 King Charles II. - - JVissing. - - HIS MAJESTY. 6 Her late Majesty Queen 7 Charlotte. . . \ ' Gainsborough. - HIS MAJESTY. NORTH ROOM.— East Side 7 George Monk, Duke of Albemarle. - Sir P. Lely. - HIS MAJESTY. Born 1608; created Duke and K. G. \660; died 1670. A wise and brave man ; of so much prudence and moderation, that he served during the Usurpation without becoming odious to the Royalists ; and accomplished the Restoration without confusion or bloodshed. He was liberally rewarded and honoured, as he deserved. After having in all his former life commanded armies, in his iatccr days he undertook the management of the Admiralty, and cofiimanded the fleet with skill and credit in the Dutch war, C [ IB ] No. 8 Charles Lord Mordaunt. - DahL - Earl of Liverpool. Born 1658; Earl of Monmouth in 1689, and Earl of Peterborough in 1690; died 1735. No other person in modern times has been First Lord of the' Treasury and Commander of Fleets and Armies. His great talents, his indefatigable activity, his undaunted courage, and his punctilious honour, place him deservedly on the list of the heroes of our country. When Barcelona was capitulating before his intrepid assault, and while he was discussing the terms at the gate, an account was brought that hie allies had forced their way into the town, and were committing every kind of violence on the unresisting inhabitants. Lord Peterborough asked to be admitted at the head of his army to save the town. The Governor instantly complied. The allies were expelled ; the town saved ftom pillage; and Peterborough returned to the gate, and finished the capitulation, without the slightest alteration in the terms he had demanded. 9 Queen Caroline, Consort of George IL - - - HIS MAJESTY. 10 The Duke of Monmouth. - Sir Peter Lely. - Duchess of Buccleugh. James, eldest Son of Charles the Second, by Lucy Waters ; born 1649; created Earl of Doncaster, Duke of Monmouth, and K, G. 1663. He at first bore the name of Crofts, but after his marriage with the heiress of Buccleugh, assumed that of Scott. His intrigues during the latter years of his indulgent father, his sub- sequent rebellion against his implacable uncle, and his ultimate fate on the scaffold, are but too well known. He was the Absalom of Dryden's celebrated Poem, in which the sup- posed feelings of the country, by which this accomplished but misguided Prince was deluded to his fate, are beautifully described, Auspicious Prince, at whose nativity Some Royal planet ruled the Southern sky ; Thy longing Country's darling and desire ; Their cloudy pillar and their guardian fire ; The people's pray'r, the glad diviner's theme, The young men's vision, and the old men's dream ! Thee, Saviour, thee, the nation's vows confess, And, never satisfied with seeing, bless ; Swift unbespoken pomps thy steps proclaim. And stammering babes are taught to lisp thy name ! [ 19 ] No. 11 Queen Mary, Daughter of James I jfri^.i,,^, . HIS MAJESTY. IL by the Lady Anne Hyde. - J 12 Frederick Prince of Wales. - Ramsay, - HIS MAJESTY. Bom January 20, 1707. Died March 20, 1751. 13, William, Dure of Cumberland, 1 _ _ MAJESTY, attended by Lord Cathcart. Born 172L Died. 1765. 14 The Right Hon. Charles James Fox, when young, &c. 15 Francis North. - - Riley. - - Earl of Guilford. Born 1640. Lord Keeper and Baron Guilford in 1683. Died 1685. Besides being an eminent Lawyer, he was skilled in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy. The Lord Keeper, his father and grandfather, hold distinguished places in the Catalogue of Noble Authors. 16 John Dryden. - - Sir Godfrey Kneller, - William Baker, Esq. This admirable poet, with whose works every body is acquainted, was born 1631, and died I7OO. Irregular and careless as he was, his satirical and moral poems are unri- valled, even by Pope himself, whom he surpassed as much in strength and spirit, as Pope excelled him in elegance and accuracy. 17 Sir Robert Walpole. - Sir Godfrey Kneller. - William Baker, Esq. Born the 26th August, I676 ; Lord of the Admiralty, 1705 ; Secretary at War, I7O8, and Treasurer of the Navy, I709. On the accession of George the First, he was made Paymaster of the Forces ; and finally appointed Prime Minister, holding that station, with the offices of First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer, till the year 1742, when he resigned, and was created Earl of Orford. He died 1745. His history is the history of England for half a century, and must be read there ; his private life was amiable and benevolent ; his good temper was admired, even by his political enemies. He was a liberal patron of the arts ; built the noble mansion of Houghton, and adorned it with a fine Collection of Pictures, which has been transported to Russia* Pope, who was no friend to Sir Robert Walpole, has recorded his social Sir Joshua Reynolds, Lord Holland, [ 20 ] No. qualities in four lines, which, while they delicately allude to the imputar tions against the minister, do justice to the man. Seen him, I have, but in his happier hour Of social pleasure, ill exchanged with povvV. Seen him, uncumber'd with the venal tribe^ Smile without art, and win without a bribe, 18 King George II. - Pine. - - Lord Braybrooke/ 19 Richard Steele. - Sir Godfrey KneUer, - William Baker, Esq, Born in Dublin, I671 ; Commissioner of StampS; I7IO ; Member for Stockbridge, 1713 ; Knighted, 1715; died 1729. Memorable not only for discovering a new and most useful species of literature, but for having pursued it with so much success, that Addison alone in his own days could surpass, and no writer in after times has equalled him. His friendship with Addison was formed at the Charter House, and is immortalized in that admirable series of literary and moral Essays, the Tatler, Guardian, and Spectator; which will be read with delight, when the names of Whig and Tory, and the feuds of parties, in which they both took an active part, shall be forgotten. 20 Joseph Addison. - Sir Godfrey Kneller. - William Baker, Esq. Born 1672; appointed Secretary to the Regency, 1714; Secretary of State, 1717; and died 1719. Though all Addison's works are distinguished for admirable style, good sense, good taste, and good principles, and though he held high offices in the state, his fame stands principally on those Essays with which he assisted Steele in his periodical publications : there are perhaps no two men in English histor}^ to v/hom our manners, our morals, and our religion, are more indebted, than to them. These Portraits belonged to the famous Kitcat Club ; they are not offered to the public as the highest specimens of the Art of Painting; but we could not omit the best representation we could find of these men of genius and good breeding, of wisdom and of wit, the friends of Pope and of Gay, of Somers and Godolphin. SI King Charles I. demanding the five Members. - - - The Solicitor General. On the 4th January, 1641, the King went to the House of Commons, and placing himself in the Chair, asked the Speaker (William Lenthall) [21] No. to point out to him the following members, who had been accused of High Treason : viz. Denzil Hollis, Sir Arthur Haskrigj John Pym^ John Hampdeny and TVilUam Stroud, The Speaker fell upon his knees and replied, " May it please your Majesty, I have neither eyes to see, nor tongue to speak, in this place, but as the House, whose servant I am here, is pleased to directs'' * !22 Captain Thomas Coram. - Hogarth. - The Foundling Hospital. Was bred to the sea, and passed the first part of his life as master of a vessel trading to our colonies. His avocations requiring him to go into the City at an early hour, he frequently saw infants deserted and exposed. This led him to project the establishment of the Foundling Hospital. His time was so much engaged in works of benevolence, and he disregarded so much his private interest, that he was himself latterly supported by a small pension, raised for him at the solicitation of several benevolent individuals, at the head of whom was the late Frederick Prince of Wales. On being asked whether a subscription would offend him, he replied, " / have not zvasfed the little wealth of which I was formerly possessed, in self-indulgence or vain expense, and am not ashamed to confoss that, in my old age, I am poor,'' He died in 1751, in the 84th year of his age. ^3 The Marquis of Lansdowne, First Lord of the Treasury, 1782. - Lord Ashburton, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, 1782. Colonel Barre, Paymaster-ge- neral of the Forces, 178Q. - > Sir J, Reynolds. Sir Thos. Baring,Bart. M Sir Charles Wager. - Sir Godfrey Kneller. - HIS MAJESTY. One of our gallant Naval Commanders ; was appointed Admiral of the Red in 1709, and a Lord of the Admiralty in 1717. He was frequently employed in active service in the reigns of Queen Anne and George the First, and evinced upon all occasions both courage and prudence. S5 George Lord Anson. - - Hoare, - - The Earl of Hardwicke. Born 1697; Vice Admiral of England, 1749; First Lord of the Admi- ralty, 1752; and again, after a short interval, in \757, and one of the Lords Justices, 17^3 ; Admiral of the Fleet; died 1762. The most remarkable occurrence of Lord Anson's life was his circum- navigation of the world in the years 1741, 1742, and 1743, made popular * See the Plate of Reference at the End of the Catalogue. [ 22 ] No. throughout Europe by the elegant account which was written of that ex- pedition. The naval glories of Lord Anson, though brilliant; fade away before the splendour of the triumphs of the late wars. The uniform in which he appears, and which has been since used, was first generally adopted when he was at the head of the Admiralty. Q6 Duchess of Richmond in a Man's dress. Sir Peter Leli/, HIS MAJESTY La Belle Stewart, one of the favourites of Charles the Second. 27 Oliver Cromwell. - - TValker, - - O. Cromwell, Esq. Born 1599; elected for the tow^n of Cambridge, 1637; Protector, 1653; died 1658. Walker was the best Painter of this period; but Taste (as well as Wit and Gaiety) fled from England during the reign of Republicanism. 28 Samuel Johnson, - Sir Joshua Reynolds, - G.W. Taylor, Esq. Born 1709; died 1784. Such were the great powers of his mind, and the strength of his reasoning faculties, that he was gladly received into the society of all the most eminent men of the time in which he lived, in spite of awkward appearance^ forbidding manners, and sometimes harsh and overbearing temper. His death was the subject of deep regret to the literary world. He has left to posterity some of the best moral works in the English language. 29 John Thurloe, - Dobson, - G. Greenhill Russell, Esq. Born l6l6; Secretary of State in 1653; which office he continued to fill to the period of the Restoration : in which he wished, it seems, to have a hand ; but the new counsellors of Charles did not trust the old counsellor of the Cromwells. About ten days before the King's return he was sent to the Tower ; but was soon released, and spent the rest of his life in studious retirement at Lincoln's Inn, preparing and arranging, it may be presumed, his excellent Collection of State Papers. He was a man of good sense and moderation, and not personally stained with any of the crimes which disgraced the times in which he lived. He died in 1668. 30 Sir Joshua Reynolds. - - Himself. - HIS MAJESTY. Born 1723 Died 1792. 31 The Pretender. - - - Ramsay. - Sir W. W. Wynn, Bart. Born 1720. Died 1788. [ 23 3 NORTH ROOM. South End. No. 32 John WiLMOT, Earl of Rochester. - Sir Peter Lely, - Sir J. B. Burgess. Born 1647 ; died 1680. He was the convivial companion of Charles the Second, and the celebrated wit of the age. When King Charles was told that Rochester had lampooned him in a copy of verses, in which he had said that he never said a foolish thing, or ever did a wise one f'* the King replied, it was quite true, for that his words were his own, but his actions were his minister's,^'' His life was full of irregularity; but on his death- bed, through the influence of Bishop Burnet, he was brought to serious reflection and repentance. S3 Edward Montague. Earl of Sandwich. - HIS MAJESTY. Born 1625. Upon the Restoration, his friend, General Monk, obtained for him employment in his profession ; and in the Dutch war, in 1665, he signalized himself on several occasions, under the Duke of York. On the renewal of the war in 1672, he again commanded a squadron of the fleet, under the Duke of York ; during the action with the Dutch fleet, a fire- ship grappled with the Royal James (Lord Sandwich's ship) set her on fire, and the gallant Earl and his crew perished in the explosion. 34 Sir Charles Lucas. - Dobson, - - Lord Braybrooke. After the defeat of the Scotch army, in 1648, commanded by the Duke of Hamilton, Fairfax summoned Colchester, which had been blockaded for two months : the garrison was obliged to surrender at discretion ; Sir Charles Lucas and Sir George Lisle, who commanded, were shot, by- order of Fairfax and his Council. 35, John Dryden, (a Bust) - Scheemaker. - G. W. Taylor, Esq. Born 1631. Died 1700. 36 The Rt. Hon. Edmund Burke. Sir Joshua Rei/ no Ids. - Richard Sharpe, Esq. Born 1730. Died 1797. 37 Lord William Russell. - Zoust. - The Duke of Bedford. Born 1641. Son of William, the fifth Earl, and afterwards Duke ®f Bedford ; executed 1683. The circumstances of the trial and execution of this noble Lord are universally known. Had the evidence upon his trial been even more de- fective than it was, his life would hardly have been spared. The great offence he had given to Charles the Second and James the Second, was, the active part he had taken upon the Exclusion Bill ; and they felt, that an enemy was not less to be feared, because he possessed high character and general esteem. When James the Second, in his distress, in 1688, applied to the Earl of Bedford (the father of Lord William Russell,) telling him he could render him signal service — " Alas, Sir, (replied the Earl) lam old and feeble, I can do you but little service, I had once a son that could have assisted you ; but he is no more'^ 38 John Locke. - - Christ Church College, Oxford. Born the 29th of August, 1632 ; died the 28th of October, 1704. Ho\v^ his life was employed, with what honour to our country, and what benefit to our nature, and in what successful attempts to exercise and enlarge the faculties of the human understanding, none need to be told. But it never can be useless to repeat, as a happy example to posterity, that he united the most transcendant genius with the easiest manners — the deepest meta- physics with studies of practical utility, — a warm love of liberty, with a true attachment to our monarchical Constitution, — and a bold and inquisi- tive philosophy, with the meek spirit and unassuming pretension of a true believer in the Gospel of Christ. 39 James Butler, Marquis 1 r,. r> , t j o-u c r\ i ' \ Sir Peter Lely. - The Marquis of Ormond. ofORMOND. " ■ J Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, commanded the King's forces in that coun- try from 1644 to 1647. Born 1610. Died 1688. 40 Sir Isaac Newton. - - Murray. - Trinity College, Cambridge. Was born in 1642 ; educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, and suc- ceeded the celebrated Dr. Barrow as Professor of Mathematics in that University. In 1688 he was chosen one of the representatives of the University for the Convention Parliament. He held the office of Master [25] No. of the Mint for several years, and directed the re-coinage which took place about the year In 1703 he was elected President of the Royal Society, which office he held till 1737, when he died, at the age of eighty-five. He was the most eminent philosopher which this, or perhaps any country ever produced; Every step he took in his discoveries demonstrated to him the Being and Providence of God. The book he studied with the most unremitting application was the Bible ; and as he was thoroughly con- vinced of the truth of Divine Revelation, so he inculcated, in many of his writings, with all the force of, his enlightened mind, the benevolent prin- ciples of Christianity. Nature and Nature's laws were hid in night ; God saidj let Newton be, and all was light. 41 Elias Ashmole. - - - - D. S. Dugdale, Esq. An eminent Antiquary and Herald, was born l6l7, died I692. Upon the Restoration of King Charles the Second, he was appointed to the care of the Royal Library, and directed to examine Hugh Peters, into whose hands it had fallen, relative to the embezzlement of various books and medals,which had been taken away during the usurpation of Oliver Cromwell ; but he w^as not nble to recover them. He received from Mr. John Tradescant a very large collection of curiosities, to which he added very considerably; and gave the whole, together with his library, to the University of Oxford. Many of his works have been published; that upon the Institution and Rules of the Order of the Garter is the most celebrated. 42 Sir William Temple. - Sir Peter Lely, - Viscount Palmerston. Born 1628; died 1700. He filled several public offices, and conducted some of the most important negociations, in which England was ever concerned (and especially those of Nimeguen and Breda), with great ability and distinguished success. Without derogating in any particular from his own high principles, he had the good fortune to enjoy the favour and confidence of three sove- reigns of very dissimilar characters ; and the delicacy with which he ab- stained from taking any prominent part in the Revolution, vvhich dethroned his old master James the Second, met the generous approbation of his successor, who having failed to induce Sir William Temple to accept public employment, condescended to visit him at his celebrated retire- ment at Moor Park. It was at those visits that Swift had the honour of D [26] No. being known to King William, to whom he subsequently dedicated his edi- tion of Temple's works. 43 William Dugdale, - - Bousseler. - D. S. Dugdale, Esq. M. P. An eminent Antiquary, Herald, and Historian, born 1605. About the year ]638, he was placed in the Herald's office, by the Earl of Arundel, then Earl Marshall. He attended the King during the Civil War, and was in several battles, particularly in that of Edge Hill. After the death of the King he retired to France ; upon the Restoration he returned to England ; and in the year 1677, was knighted, and appointed Garter prin- cipal King at Arms. He was a most industrious man, unremitting in his researches ; and has given to the world much useful information upon the various subjects in which he was engaged. He died 1686. 44 The Rt. Hou.Wm.Windham. - Sir J, Reynolds. - G.J. Choi mondeley, Esq 43 Alexander Pope, (a Bt(st) - Roubilliac, - G. W. Taylor, Esq^ Born in 1688, and died 1744. The annals of Pope's life would be a catalogue of his admirable works ; he took little part in politics, connected himself with no public event, and is memorable only as a Poet ; but then he is universally admitted to be the poet of good taste, good sense, and good manners. 46 Henry Fox^ first Lord Holland. - Sir J. Reynolds. - Lord Holland. Born in 1705; held successively the offices of Lord of the Treasury, Secretary at War, and Paymaster of the Forces; created a Peer in 1763; and died in 1774. No party hostility ever denied to Mr. Fox (any more than to his still more eminent son) great abilities in public affairs ; and in private life^ every sociable and amiable quality. NORTH ROOM. JVest Side, 47 Richard Bentley, - Hudson, - Trinity College, Cambridge, Born 1662; died 17421. This eminent scholar and critic, was appointed Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1700. In this situation he had to undergo a long series of legal and academical litigation ; to which he [ 27 ] No. was glad to superadd as many literary controversies as he could excite. H« was certainly a man of great acumen, and of very considerable learn- ing ; but he has been accused of much arrogance in the display of it. His edition of Horace is a work which has met with many admirers. 48 Lord Rodney. - Sir J. Reynolds. - HIS MAJESTY. ' Born 1717. Died 1792. 49DE. MaRKHAM, Arch-1 C- r D u r^u - ^ r^u u r 1 bishop of York J " '<^rJ* Reynolds, Christ Ch. Coll. Oxford. Died 1807. 50 TheRt. Hon. Charles James Fox. Sir J. Reynolds, - Lord Crewe. Born 1748. Died 1806. 51 Lord North. - - Dance, - - Earl of Guilford. Born 1732. Died 1792. 52 Death of Lord Chatham, in 1778. Copley. - - Alex. Davison, Esq. Born 1708. 53 Queen Anne. - - - HIS MAJESTY. 54 The Duke of Gloucester. - - - HIS MAJESTY. Son of the Princess of Denmark, afterwards Queen Anne ; was born 1689. At ten years old he was placed under the care of the Duke of Marlborough, with this injunction from King William : Teach him to be what you are, and he cannot want accomplishments'' Dr, Burnet, Bishop of Salisbury, was at the same time appointed his Preceptor. He died in 1700. He is represented to have been an amiable Prince ; and to have made great progress in his studies, while under the care of the Duke and the Bishop. 55 Admiral Viscount Nelson. - Hoppner, - HIS MAJESTY. Born 1758. Died 1805. 56 Isaac Barrow, D. D. - - Trinity College, Cambridge. The friend of Sir Isaac Newton, and one of the most eminent members of the Protestant Church, was born in 1630, and died in 1677. He held the offices of Professor of Greek and of Mathematics in the University of [ 28 1 No. Cambridge, and was chosen Master of Trinity College in the year 1672. He was a man of great piety and learning, and is supposed to have been the best scholar of his time. Many of his very able works have been published : those which were written to elucidate the Scriptures are de- servedly of the highest reputation. He was attached to the Royal Cause, and remained in privacy during the Commonwealth ; his friends expected great preferment for him at the Restoration, but he received none: he bore his disappointment^ however, with great calmness, and only remarked Te magis optavit rediturum Carole nemo Et nemo seusit te rediisse minus. 57 Lord Chancellor Camden. - Dance. - Marquis Camden. Born 1714. Died 1794. 58 Right Hon. William Pitt. - Hoppner. - Earl of Mulgrave. Born 1759. Died 1806. 59 The late Duke of York, second Brother ofhis late Majesty . ^ Sir J. Reynolds. HIS MAJESTY. Born 1739. Died 1767. 60 The Rt. Hon. Spencer Percival. - Joseph. - HIS MAJESTY- Born 1762. Killed by the hand of an assassin 1812. East Side, 6\ Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper. -Sr Godfrey Kneller - Earl of Shaftesbury. Born 22d July, 1621 ; Earl of Shaftesbury and Lord High Chancellor in 1672. One of the most extraordinary men, which an age fertile in extraordi- nary men produced. His acquirements may be measured by a saying of Charles the Second, that ^' he knew more law than all his judges, and more [29] No. divinity than all his bishops;'' and his gaiety and wit, by his reply to the same Monarch ; / believe, Shaf tesbury y (said the King) thou art the wickedest dog in England,'' May it please your Majesty, (replied the Lord Chancellor,) of a subject, I believe I am." We do not enter into the political life of Lord Shaftesbury ; it has been his misfortune that his history has been always written by hostile pens ; k- but three topics of praise, at least, cannot be denied to him — talents in ^^i^j^every thing — purity in the seat of Justice — ^and the friendship of Locke. Dryden, who has drawn his character as a Statesman, perhaps with overcharged severity, makes some amends v/hen he speaks of him as a Judge : Yet fame deserved, no enemy can grudge, >^ The Statesman we abhor, yet praise the Judg^ ; Oh, had he been content to serve the crown V^ith virtues only proper to the gown. Or had the rankness of the soil been freed From cockle that oppress'd the nobler seed, David for him his tuneful harp had strung. And heaven had wanted one immortal song. 62 Three of the Children of Charles L Sir Peter Lely. Earl of Egremont. James Duke of York (aged 14.) Princess Elizabeth (aged 12.) Henry Duke of Gloucester (aged 8.) The Parliament committed them to the care of Algernon Earl of Nor- thumberland ; from whose custody the Duke of York, then about 14 years old, made his escape. The Duke of Gloucester was confined in the Isle of Wight, by the order of Cromwell, till the year 1652, when he was sent to the Continent, and joined his brother at Paris; he returned to England at the Restoration, and died shortly after, at the age of 20. The Princess Elizabeth died at Cnrisbrook Castle, in the Isle of Wight, in the year 1650, aged 15. This Picture was painted by Sir Peter Lely, for the Earl of Northum- berland, a short time before the escape of the Duke of York the Por- trait of the Duke is one of the ablest performances of his pencil. 63 Lady Anne Carr, Countess of Bedford. - Vandyke. - Earl of Egremont. She was sole daughter and heiress of Robert Carr, Earl of Somerset, by Frances, daughter of Thomas Howard, Earl of Suffolk. Tht; history of the divorce of the Countess of Somerset from her first husband, the Earl [30] No. of Essex, and all the extraordinary circumstances which followed that event, are to be found in the History of the Reiun of J.imes the First. 64 Thomas Howard, EARLof Arundel. - Vandyke - Marquis of Stafford, Was Earl Mart:hall of England in the early part of the reign of Charles the First. Few persons have shewn more love for the Arts thau the Earl of Arundel ; and it appears from his example, that his Sovereign was in- duced to study and to encourage them. This nobleman was the first who sent persons to foreign countries to make an extensive collection of ob- jects of art. That collection was dispersed at his death. A part of it is at Wilton, belonging to the Earl of Pembroke ; another part at Oxford ; and the Cameos and Intaglios are in the possession of the Duke of Marlbo- rough; his favourite bronze head of Homer is in the British Museum. Turbulent times are ill suited to the progress of the Fine Arts ; he was driven from his retirement in this country, by the prospect of the civil commotions, in 1642; and died at Padua, 1646. 65 Lady Dorothy Sidney, Coun- tess of Sunderland. Daughter to the Countess of Leicester, was married to Henry Lord Spencer, of Wormleighton. He was created Earl of Sunderland, June 6, r643 ; and killed the same year at the battle of Newbury, in the 23rd year of his age. She married, secondly, Robert Smy the, Esq. of Bounds, in Kent. This amiable and beautiful lady is the person who was celebrated by Waller under the name of Sacharissa. Her letters have lately been published. 66 King James L - - - Vandyke, - HIS MAJESTY. This Portrait has been always said to be painted by Vandyke ; but King James died in 1625, and Vandyke did not come to England till after that period. If it is by Vandyke, it must be a copy from some other Portrait, 67 Benjamin West, (a Bust) - Nollekens. - British Institution. Born 1738; died 1820. 68 Oliver Cromwell. - - Cooper. - G. Greenhill Russell^ Esq. Born 1599. Died 1658. 69 Sir Joshua Reynolds, (a -Bw^^) - Bacon. - British Institution. Born 1723. Died 1792. I - Vandyke. - Earl of Egremont. [ 31 ] No 70 James Stanley Earl of Derby, 1 r? i ^ nr^A V - Vandyke. - Earl of Clarendon, with his vViFE and Daughter. J ^ He was taken prisoner at the battle of Worcester in 1651. In 1652 he was tried for High Treason, condemned, and beheaded at Bolton, in Lancashire. He married the daughter of the Duke de la Trimouille. King Charles the Second refused his assent to the Bill for restoring the estate to the family, which had been lost by the EarFs loyalty and attach- ment to him. The Countess of Derby defended the castle in which she resided, with great spirit, against the Parliament forces, for a considerable time. 71 John Churchill, Duke of) , Sir G. Kneller. - Marquis of Stafford. Marlborough. " " J He was born 1650. In 1701 he was appointed Commander in Chief of the forces in Holland, and in 1702 Queen Anne selected him as Captain General of all her forces. The history of his brilliant campaigns are well known, and are detailed at length in the Memoirs which have been lately published by Mr. Coxe. He died 1722. The exploits of the Duke of Marlborough stood unrivalled in British his- tory, till this country produced a hero in our own days, who has equalled, if not surpassed him. 712 Sir George Jeffreys. - Riley. - ' Earl of Winchilsea. Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench in 1682. After the defeat of the Duke of Monmouth, he was sent into the West of England to try the rebels ; the rigour with which he executed that commission is well known. After his return from the West, upon the death of Lord Keeper North, he was made Lord Chancellor, In 1688, after the abdication of King James, he attempted to make his escape to Hamburgh, but he was discovered by the mob disguised as a sailor, seized, ill treated, and at length carried before the Lord Mayor^ who sent him to the Tower, where he died in 1689. 73 Anthony Vandyke. - Vandyke. - HIS MAJESTY. Born 1598. About the year 1630, Charles 1. hearing of his fame, sent Sir Kenelm Digby to invite him to return to England, where he had beeii U short time before. Charles sat to him frequently, and was so struck with his merit, that he Knighted him in 1632. He died l64L No. 74 Henrietta Maria. - - Vandyke, - HiS MAJESTY. The Daughter of Henry IV. of France, by Mary of Medicis, and the Queen of Charles I. Even the pencil of Vandyke himself never carried grace and elegance further than in this Portrait. We cannot look upon this resemblance of the unfortunate Queen, without lamenting that so much loveliness should have been fated to endure so many of the ills and adversities of life. She returned to England upon the Restoration of Charles II., quitted it upon the breaki;ig out of the plague in 1665, and died in France in I669. 75 William Harvey. - Cornelius J amen - Sir W. W. Wynn, Bart. An eminent Physician, was born 1578, and educated at Caius College, Cambridge. He was Physician to James I. and Charles I. attended the latter to the Battle of Edgehill, and accompanied him afterwards to Oxford, where he was elected Warden of Merton College. He was chosen President of the College of Physicians in 1654, and presented that Insti- tution with the most munificent benefactions. His discovery of the cir- culation of the blood, has justly entitled him to a high rank among those men of science who have converted their knowledge to the use and benefit of mankind. He died in 1657, 76 The first Duke of Norfolk. - - - Jockey of Norfolk, be not too bold, For Dickon, thy master, is bought and sold.*' 77 The Duchess of Norfolk. MIDDLE ROOM. South End 78 Sill Bevil Granville. - - - Msirquis of Stafford. Born 1596. He attached himself very early to the King's cause during the civil wars, and distinguished himself in several of the actions that took place. In 1643, he commanded the troops which had been raised for the King's service in Cornwall, and fell in a successful attack which the Royal army made upon the Parliament forces, commanded by Sir William Waller. Clarendon says, that never was there a brighter courage and a gentler disposition married together, than in his person. Earl of Carlisle. Earl of Carlisle. [ 33 ] 79 Sir John Granville, afterwards Earl of Bath. - Marquis of Stafford. Son of Sir Bevil Granville, was born 1628; joined the King's forces when very young, and signalized himself in several battles fouglit in sup- port of the Royal cause. He retired into the country during the govern- ment of Cromwell ; steadily retaining his principles, and watching his opportunity, to render service to the cause he had espoused. The death of Cromwell, and the state of the nation, afforded him that opportunity, and he carried on the communication between King Charles II. and General Monk, which led to the Restoration. He continued afterwards an active Member of Parliament, and was one of the great promoters of the Revo- lution in 1688. He died 1701. 80 Sir Thomas Wentworth, after- 1 , , r.. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^17 ^^'Q-^o.^T.^^,,T. r Vandyke. - Sir J. G. Egerton^Bart. Avards Larl or Strafford. J & ^ Born 1593; died 1641. Was knighted by King James I. and became a distinguished Member of the first Parliament of Charles I. in opposition to the Court, and was a strenuous promoter of the Petition of Right. In 1628 he joined the Court party ; was created a peer, and appointed to the Government of Ireland. In 1640 he was impeached by the Commons for High Treason. The spirit of party prevailed, and a bill of attainder was passed against him by both Houses, to which the King reluctantly gave his assent ; he was executed 1641. In the Act for reversing the attainder, which passed in 1662, it is stated, that King Charles I. assented to the bill of attainder with" e.rceed- ing great sorrow,'' that it was remembered by him with *^ ine.vpressibie grief' of hearty'' rxnd that he expressed this when his own life was taken away. 81 George Abbot. - - Cornelius Jansen, - Archbishop of Canterbury. Born 1560; died 1633. Appointed to the See of Canterbury in I6II. A steady friend to the Protestant religion, bearing his faculties so meekly, that he has been represented as too indulgent to the Puritans, and too lax in Church cere- monies. He had considerable influence in State affairs during the reign of James I. and shewed upon many occasions, and particularly in the oppo- sition which he made to the divorce of the Countess of Essex (afterwards Countess of Somerset ) great firmness and integrity. During the time he was Archbishop of Canterbury, a misfortune hap- pened to him, which tended much to embitter the latter part of his life. While he was hunting in the Lord Zouch*s park, at Brarashill, he let fly E [ 34 ] No. an arro\r at one of the deer, which wounded the Lord Zouch's keeper in the arm, of which he immediately died. In consequence of this accident several of the bishops refused consecration at his hands. 82 Thomas LiNACRE. - - Holbein. - - HIS MAJESTY. The principal Founder and first President of the College of Physicians ; was born about the year 146O. Towards the end of his life he entered into Holy Orders, and received considerable preferment in the Church from his friend Archbishop Warham. He died 1524. All the writers of his time represent him as a most eminent scholar. 83 John Evelyn. - - JValker, - - G. W. Taylor, Esq. Born 1620. Died 1706. The life and character of this amiable man have been so lately and so amply laid before the public, that it is here only necessary to say, that he is one of the most perfect examples which exists of an accomplished English gentleman : he united conspicuously, integrity, zeal and talents, in public office ; with benevolence, honour, and exactness in all the du- ties of private life. ^ His occupations and his studies have improved our agriculture, manu- factures, and arts ; and his loyalty, his independence, and his piety, are a bright example in the page of our history. 84 Oliver Cromwell, (a Bust) — — — Marquis of Lansdowne. 85 Prince Rupert and Prince Maurice. ^ Vandyke, - Lord Bayning. These Princes, and particularly Rupert^ have many claims to a place among the eminent men of England. The grandsons of James I. They both stood in the succession to the British Throne, and Prince Rupert was raised to the British honours of Earl of Holdernesse, and Duke of Cumberland. He led during the civil wars the armies of the King with impetuous and unsuccessful courage ; and after the Restoration, he commanded the fleets of England with con- summate skill and brilliant success. He at once practised and patronized the Arts and Sciences. The inven- tion of Mezzotinto Engraving alone would have immortalized his name among the friends of the Fine Arts. In private life he was universally and justly beloved for his sound good sense, and his unwearied and unos- tentatious beneficence; qualities which the gay biographer of the Count de Grammont forgets in his satirical pleasantry on the plainness of his manners and appearance. [ 35 ] No. He was born in 1619, and died on the 29th of November, 1682, having acquired the reputation of a brave soldier^ a skilful sailor, a patient phi- losopher, a partisan without an enemy, and a foreigner, who by his high qualities had naturalized himself in the hearts and affections of the people of England. The reputation of Prince Maurice has been eclipsed, as that of greater men would have been, by that of his brother ; he was however a brave and good soldier, and an amiable man. 86 William Laud. - Va}2dyke, - Archbishop of Canterbury. Succeeded Abbot as Archbishop of Canterbury, in the year 1633 ; and was appointed one of the Commissioners of the Treasury in 1635. He had great influence in the Councils of Charles the First, and was supposed by his opponents to have advised many of the most intemperate and obnoxi- ous measures during that reign. In 1641 he was accused by the Commons of High Treason, and sent to the Tower ; after remaining there three years, he was tried and condemned ; and in 1644 led the way to the scaf- fold, whither his Master followed him a few years after. His diary and private prayers, discovered after his death, prove at least his piety and his sincerity. 87 William JuxoN. - - - Vandyke. - - Bishop of London. Was educated at St. John's College, Oxford, with Archbishop Laud. When the latter was in 1633 promoted to Canterbury, his early friend shared in his prosperity, and succeeded him in the vacated See of London. He was, subsequently, through the same influence, appointed Lord High Trea- surer; but in 1641 resigned the staff, which, in such stormy times, required a stronger grasp than his, and retired to the quiet obscurity of his house at Fulham. From this seclusion he- was called to attend his dying sove- reign to the scaffold ; and his courage and piety upon that trying occa- sion, shewed him to be not unworthy of the melancholy confidence that was placed in him. His conversation with his sovereign, at the last awful moment, has immortalized the Prelate, and ought not to be omitted in even the slightest sketch of his life. While the King w^as preparing himself for the block, the Bishop called out to him, ^ there is, Sir^ but one stage more whichj though tur- bulefit and troublesome, is a "very short 07ie ; yet it will soon carry you a great way, from earth to heax>en, where you shall find, to your great joy, the prize to which you hasten — a crown of glory ' I go,' said the King, ^from a cor- [36] So. ruptible to an incorruptible crown, where no disturbance can have place** You exchangCy replied the Bishop, ' a temporary for an eternal crown — a good emhangeC Charles having taken off his cloak, delivered his George to the Prelate, pronouncing the word ' Remember' " From the performance of the last act of his painful duty — that of pro- nouncing the funeral service of the church, at the interment of the King at Windsor, he was rudely prevented by the Governor of the Castle. The Bishop, from this period, relapsed into obscurity, till the Restora- tion placed him (again the successor of Laud) in the Archiepiscopal seat of Canterbury, which he occupied rather than enjoyed about two years, dying in 1663, at the age of 81 ; having, through his long life, exhibited (by the avowal of all parties) exemplary moderation, meekness, integrity, and piety. 88 Richard Cromwell. - Walker. - G. Greenhill Russell, Esq, Eldest son of Oliver, was born in 1626; and succeeded his father in the Protectorate, which he held for a very short time. He retired to France after the Restoration, but returned to England in 1680, and lived very much secluded in Hertfordshire, till the year 1712, when he died, aged 86. When he was very old, he attended in the Court of King's Bench, at Westminster, to give evidence upon a trial in which he was interested : the Judge who presided ordered him a chair, and allowed him to deliver his testimony sitting, in consideration of his former elevation. 89 Thomas Wriothesly^ Earl of Southampton. - - Duke of Bedford. Was born about 1610; Lord High Treasurer 1660 ; died 1667. Burnet calls him the wise and virtuous Earl of Southampton. He was the intimate friend of Lord Clarendon, and is said to have often re- proached the latter with the favourable account he had always given of the character of Charles the Second, previous to the Restoration. His daughter was the amiable and excellent Lady Rachel, who married William Lord Russel. Her letters, published in 1807, will be read with the greatest interest. She died 1723, at the age of 87. 90 The Marquis of Hamilton. - Hanneman. - HIS MAJESTY. Had been long intrusted by Charles the First with the principal ma- nagement of his affairs in Scotland ; and in 1643 was created Duke of Hamilton. In 1648 he marched at the head of his army into England, C 37 ] No. was attacked by Cromwell and Lambert, his army defeated, and himself made prisoner. Shortly after, the Parliament erected a new Court of Justice, of which Bradshaw, who presided at the trial of Charles the First, was also president. By this Court, the Duke of Hamilton was tried and condemned^ for appearing in arms against the Parliament. He was executed, together with the Lords Holland and Capel, in 1649. His brother, William Duke of Hamilton, was killed two years afterwards at the battle of Worcester. 91 KiLLiGREw and C^REw. - - Vandyke. - HIS MAJESTY. Two celebrated wits. Killigrew was Page of Honour to Charles the First, and Groom of the Bedchamber to Charles the Second, whom he often diverted with his wit and humour. Carew was also a Poet, and Gen- tleman of the Privy Chamber to Charles the First. Killigrew was born died 1682; and Carew was born 1589, died 1639. MIDDLE ROOM. West Side. 9£ Francis, Earl of Bedfoud. - Vandyke. - Duke of Bedford. Born 1588. Died 1641. 93 The Earl of Strafford. - Vandyke. - Earl of Egremont. Executed 1641. Although there is another representation of this eminent man in this Collection, we could not deny to the lovers of the art the exhibition of this Portrait, which is one of the finest ever painted, even by Vandyke. 94 Lady Dorothy Percy, Coun-1 rr j i ^ TEss of Leicester. - - | ' " Earl of Egremont. Daughter to Henry, ninth Earl of Northumberland ; married to Robert Sidney, afterwards Earl of Leicester, and mother to Algernon Sidney, and Dorothy Countess of Sunderland. There is a curious account of a quarrel, which took place at Petworth, between the Imsbands of these two sisters, then Viscount Lisle and Lord Doncaster, in the Sidney Papers, vol. i. p. 121. 95 Peter Paul Rubens. - - Rubens. - - HIS MAJESTY. Was born 1577 ; and was sent in 1629, by the Court of Spain to England, [ ] No. to negociate a treaty of peace. King Charles the First, who admired his talents as a Painter, employed him to paint the ceiling of the Ban- quetting-house, at Whitehall. He was Knighted in 1630, and left England the next year. He died at Antwerp, I640. Countess of Dorset - - Va7idyke, - HIS MAJESTY. 97 The Family of Sir Balthazar Gerbier. - Rubens. - HIS MAJESTY. Sir Balthazar Gerbier was a Painter and an Architect, and came to England about the year 1613, and was retained in the service of the Duke of Buckingham. He appears to have been employed in some private transactions of State ; and was Knighted by King Charles the First in 1628. He left this country during the civil war; returned at the Resto- ration, and designed the triumphal arches which were erected upon that occasion. He founded a School for Painting, Architecture, &c. under the sanction of King Charles the First ; but from the troubles of the times it fell to the ground. I - Rubens. - HIS MAJESTY. 98 Landscape^ w^ith Charles the character of St. George 99 Helena FoRMAN, Rubens' second wife, - Rubens. HIS MAJESTY. Rubens was married first to Elizabeth Brandt, secondly to Helena For- man, and he was about to be married a third time to M. Lundens, (the subject of the famous Chapeau de Paille, now at Antwerp) but she died before the ceremony took place. He is said to have lived upon ill terms with his first wife, but to have been amply compensated by the amiable qualities of the second. He has recorded his opinion upon this subject, by his pencil. In a Picture, in one of the collections in Germany, he has given the Portraits of these three Ladies — the first in hell, the second in heaven, and the last between both, as he had not yet decided to which she most properly belonged. 100 Lady Lucy Percy, Countess of Carlisle. Vandyke. Earl of Egremont. Daughter to Henry, ninth Earl of Northumberland. She married Lord Hay, who was created Lord Doncaster, and afterwards Earl of Carlisle. 101 The DucHEss of Richmond, - - Vandyke. - HIS MAJESTY. 102 Algernon Percy^ Earl of Northumberland. Vandyke. Earl of Essex. Was appointed in 1640 General of the King's Army in Scotland, with No. the Earl of Strafford and the Marquis of Hamilton; and he was afterwards appointed Admiral of the Fleet, which he was accused of delivering over to the power of the Parliament. He died 166S. Daughter to William Cecil Earl of Salisbury, and married to William Cavendish, third Earl of Devonshire. MIDDLE ROOM. North End. 104 George and Francis Villiers. - - Vandyke. - HIS MAJESTY. George, born 1627. Died 1687. Sons of the favourite Duke of Buck- ingham. Of these youths, the eldest, the author of the Rehearsal, was the most extraordinary compound of genius and folly that ever existed. The two greatest moral Poets of our nation have excelled themselves, and ex- hausted the language in describing his life and his death. But in the course of one revolving moon. Was Chemist, Fiddler, Statesman, and Buffoon. Dryden. In the worst inns, worst room, with mat half hung, The walls of plaister^ and the floor of dung ; On once a flock bed, but repair'd with straw, And tape-tied curtains, never meant to draw ; The George and Garter dangling from that bed, Where tawdry yellow strove with dirty red , ***** Great Villiers lies, alas! how chang'd from him, That life of pleasure and that soul of whim ! ****** There victor of his health, of fortune, friends, And fame, this Lord of useless thousands ends. Pope. The second brother, called the beautiful Francis Villiers, was a post- humous child, born 1629, and killed near Kingston in Surrey, 1648, in a skirmish; one of the last efforts made by the Royalists, 103 Lady Elizabeth Cecil, Countess of Devonshire, - - - - Vandyke. Earl of Egremont. A man so various, that he seem'd to be, Not one, but all mankind's epitome ; Stiff in opinion — always in the wrong, Was every thing by starts, and nothing long ; [40] ,No. 105 Major General Massey. ^ V - - C. T. Toweiv Esq. 106 Major General Brown, j Two of the five Presbyterian leaders, taken out of the House of Com- mons by a detachment of the army under Colonel Pride, and confined in the Round Tower at Windsor in 1648. 107 Sir Harbottle Grimston. . - - - Earl of Verulam. Was a Lawyer of great eminence. In 1647 he was appointed one of the Commissioners to treat with the King in the Isle of Wight; and in 1660 he was chosen Speaker of the Restoration Parliament, and made Master of the Rolls. He is supposed to have assisted Bishop Burnet in his History of the Reformation. He was born 1594, and died 1683. 108 Jonathan Swift. - - - - Earl of Besborough. Was born in 1668, Dean of St. Patrick's 1713, and died 1745. The friend of Sir William Temple, of Pope, of Addison, and Boling- broke. Every body is acquainted with his admirable works. His style is more correct, more clear, and more pointed than that of any of his pre- decessors, and his humour is unrivalled. 108* King George 1. _ _ _ HIS MAJESTY. 109 George Villiers, Duke of Buck-I INGHAM, and Family. - - | " Honthorst. - HIS MAJESTY. Born 1592, Viscount Villiers l6l6. Earl of Buckingham l6l7, Marquis and Lord High Admiral 1618, Earl of Coventry, Duke of Buckingham, and Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports 1623, assassinated at Portsmouth by Felton 1628. " He was," says Clarendon of a noble nature, generous disposition, and of such other endowments as made him very capable to be a great favourite to a great king. Of a courage not to be daunted, and of a most flowing courtesy and affability to all men." The Duchess was Catherine Manners, daughter and heiress of the Earl of Rutland. The infant on her knee died young ; the daughter was thrice married ; first, to Charles, Lord Herbert; second, to James Stewart, Duke of Len- nox ; and third, to Thomas Howard, brother of Lord Carlisle. 110 Gilbert Burnet. - - . - Bishop of Salisbury. Born in 1643 ; Bishop of Salisbury in 1688 ; died in 1715. His talents for extempore preaching brought him early into notice, and [ 41 1 his religious and political principles soon connected him with the most eminent of the Whig party, in which he soon became considerable, without however neglecting his more sacred duties. He reclaimed Lord Rochester on his death bed, and assisted (with Tillotson) Lord Russell on the scaffold. He received from Russell his watch, with the remarkable expression — I have now done with time, and have only to think of eternity. Burnet soon after retired to the Continent, and was removed from his preferments in England ; his exile, however, was not useless to the Church or the State, for lie attached himself to the Princess of Orange, and took an important part in the conduct of the Revolution ; and one of the first acts of King William was to appoint him to the See of Salisbury. The amusing Memoirs of P. Parish Clerk," were written in derision of the Bishop's History of his own Times ; and Swift and other Tory wri- ters have poured out all the phials of their mirth and wit upon his person, his principles, and his proceedings. Some of these criticisms were per- haps not undeserved ; but they have not shaken the Bishop's character for learning and piety, for liberal views of state policy, and for a scrupulous discharge of his episcopal duties. Dr. Johnson says, the Life and Death of John, Earl of Rochester, is a hook which the critic ought to read for its elegance, the philosopher for its argument, and the saint for its piety, 111 Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon. - Sir P. Lely. - Earl of Clarendon, Was appointed to the office of Chancellor of the Exchequer, in 1642, and one of the Prince of Wales's Council in 1644. He retired with the Prince to Jersey, during the contention between the King and the Par- liament, where he began his History of the Civil War. At the Restoration, 1660, he returned to England, and \vas made Lord Chancellor, and prin- cipal Minister. The Duke of York (afterwards James H.) married his daughter. He became unpopular as the supposed author of the Dutch war, and in 1667 an impeachment was drawn up by the Commons against him, accusing him, in various instances, of betraying the nation. He was de- prived of his office in consequence ; and retired to France, where he com- pleted his History, and died at Rouen in 1674 ; after having in vain soli- cited his Sovereign's permission to return to his native country. He had been the able and faithful counsellor both to Charles L and Charles IL, and had the mortification to see his well founded advice rejected, upon somq of the most important occurrences in those reigns. It is worthy of F [ 42 3 - No. remark, that his daughter, who had embraced the Catholic religion, at the instigation of the Duke of York, should have given two Protestant Queens to the Throne of England. 112 General CoPELEY. US Sir John Clotworthy. Two of the Presbyterian leaders, confined in the Round Tower at Windsor, with Sir William Waller, and Generals Massey and Brown, in 1648. 114 Sir Kenelm Digby. - Vandyke. - HIS MAJESTY, Son of Sir Everard Digby, who was executed in 1606, as being concerned with Guy Fawkes and others in the Gunpowder Plot. He was born about the year l603. In 1628 he commanded a squadron in the Mediterranean, to protect the English trade against the Venetians and the Algerines, and gained a considerable victory with an inferior force. He was engaged in various poliricai transactions of the times in which he lived; but the greatest part of his life appears to have been spent in the encouragement of works of art and in philosophical researches. In the first settlement of the Royal Society he was appointed one of the Council, He died in the year 1665. 1 C. T. Tower, Esq. East Side. 1 15 Sir Richard Wynn. - - C, J arisen. - Sir W. W, Wynn, Bart. 1 16 Sir John Somers, Lord Somers. Sir G. Kneller. - Earl of Hardwicke. Solicitor General 1689; Lord Keeper 1693; and Lord Somers, and Lord Chancellor 1697. — No man has risen to greater eminence in his profession, and none has left a higher reputation to posterity. — He pro- moted the Revolution with great address and ability ; and was rewarded and honoured by King William, as he deserved. In 1701 party ran high against him ; he was impeached^ together with Lord Hallifax and Lord Orford, by the Commons, and acquitted by the Lords. — In 1706 he pro- jected the Union with Scotland^ and drew up the Articles. — He was re- ceived by King George I. with much kindness, upon his accession; and died in I7l6. — Addison has drawn his character with great ability in the Freeholder, 117 Sir William Waller. - C. Jatisen. - C. T. Tower, Esq. Was born 1597, and was one of the Members of the Long Parliament, and commanded successfully the Parliament forces upon several occasions. In 1648 he was suspected of attachment to the Royal cause ; was expelled the army, and committed to prison. This Portrait was painted at that time. There is in the back ground a slight sketch of the Round Tower at Windsor, in which he was confined. He died 1668. 1 18 Sir Thomas More. - ' - Holbein, - - Sir Thos. Baring, Bart. Born 1480. Succeeded Cardinal Wolsey as Chancellor to Henry VIII. in 1529« Being a rigid Catholic, he resigned that office in 153Q, rather than acknowledge the Supremacy of the King in matters of religion. He was tried for High Treason, condemned, and executed 1535. A man of great learning, and inflexible integrity; a protector of Literature and the Fine Arts; the friend and patron of Holbein. 1 19 Thomas Howard, Dure of Norfolk. - Holbein. - The Duke of Norfolk. Was born about 1475. He was tried in 1547 upon the same charge as his Son, tl e Earl of Surrey, sentenced to death, and expected to follow his son to the scaffold, well knowing that nothing could avert the purpose of his inexorable Sovereign; but his execution was fixed for the 29th Janu- ary, and Henry the Eighth died on the 28th. The sentence was therefore not executed ; but he remained in prison till one year before his death, which took place in 1554. 120 The Earl of Surrey. . Holbein, - - HIS MAJESTY. Son of Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk. King Henry VIII. thinking that both father and son had views to the throne, and intended to re-es- tablish the Catholic religion, determined to sacrifice them. The Earl of Surrey was tried first for High Treason ; the principal charge against him was, that of bearing the Arms of King Edward ; he was sentenced to death, and executed 19th January, 1547. He was the most gallant Sol- dier, the most accomplished Gentleman, and the best Poet of his time. [ 44 ] No. 121 Sir Henry Guilford, - Holbein, - HIS MAJESTY. Born 1488. Died 1532. Was Comptroller of the Household to King Henry the Eighth. He served, in the early part of his life, with great reputation in the wars in Spain, under Ferdinand and Isabella. Being a man of considerable lite- rary acquirements, he kept up a correspondence with the learned Erasmus, The mother of the Lord Guilford Dudley Vvas of this family 122 Henry Cromwell » - Walker. - G. Greenhill Russell, Esq. Second son of Oliver; was born 1627. He was appointed Lord Lieu- tenant of Ireland during the Protectorate; and died 1674. 123 Ambrose Dudley^ Earl of Warwick. Holbein. The Marquis of Salisbury. Was born 1.531. He was taken in arms with his father, the Duke of Northumberland, when he appeared in support of the Lady Jane Grey's title to the throne, and was kept a close prisoner in the Tower till 1.554, w^hen he was par- doned. Queen Elizabeth appointed him Master of the Ordnance, and created him Earl of Warwick. He was actively employed during his life by the Queen, and had the command of large forces entrusted to him ; and upon all occasions conducted himself with great firmness and ability. In 1586 he was one of those Peers who assisted at the trial of Marv, Queen of Scots. He died 1589, of an amputation of the leg, in which he had received a wound many years before. He was a great friend of Lord Burleigh, — very much esteemed, and generally called the good Earl of Warwick. There is a curious monument erected to his memory in a chapel at Warwick. 124 Henry VIII. with Jane Seymour, Iheir"^ Son PRiiifCE Edward^ and the Prin-T u ir - c? • ^ ^-a^*.: ^ ^' \ Holbein. - Society ot Antiquaries. CESSES Mary and Margaret, Sisters L of the King. - - - - 125 Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia. - Van Somor. - HIS MAJESTY. She was daughter of James Land married to Henry, Prince Palatine of the Rhine, who was considered as King of Bohemia by the Protestants of Germany. 126 The Countess of Digby -~ Vandyke. - HIS MAJESTY. [45] No, 127 Edward Russell, - - - SirG. Kneller. Admiral Sir E. Harvey. Son of Edward, the second son of Francis, fourth Earl of Bedford, died 1727. He retired to Holland on Lord Russeirs execution, and returned at the Revolution; of which he was an useful agent. Was appointed Admiral of the Bhie in 1()91, and in 1692 gained the famous and important battle of La Hogue. In 1697 he was created Viscount Barfleur and Earl of Orford. He was subsequently Vice Admiral of England, and one of the Com- missioners for the Scottish Union. 128 Thomas Cranmer. - Gh^berius Fleccius. - The British Museum. The Church of England is perhaps more indebted to Archbishop Cranmer than to any other person ; he promoted the Reformation by the gentlest, but at the same time by the most determined and most persever- ing means, during the reigns of Henry VIIL and Edward VL In 1556 he was burnt to death for adhering to the reformed Church. — Ridley and Latimer had sutfered the same cruel death a short time before, on the same account. 129 William Warham. - " Holbein, - Archbishop of Canterbury. Born about 1455 ; Bishop of London 1503 ; and in 1504 Archbishop of Canterbury, which See he filled till his death, 1532. He was also successively Master of the Rolls, Lord Keeper, and Chan- cellor of England ; the antagonist and rival of Wolsey, and the friend and patron of Erasmus — to whom he presented a copy of the very portrait before us. Though in his own habits singularly abstemious, he was in his public character so liberal and disinterested, that he found on his death bed, that he possessed but £ 30. in the world, " enough howcverj'^ he said^ ^^Jor the journey I am now going. 130 John Milton. - Earl of Onslow. The most illustrious poet of our country, was born in 1608; educated at St. Paul's School, and at the age of seventeen admitted into Christ's College, Cambridge. He devoted himself to poetry very early in life : one of his first works, whi<;h was the Mask of Comus, was performed at Ludlow Castle, in 1634, before John Earl of Bridge water, for whom it appears to have been written. More than a century afterwards it was adapted to the modern stage. L* Allegro, II Penseroso, and Lysidas followed shortly after ; but the great work which immortalizes his name, is the Paradise Lost^ which was not published till \667, He sold the copy of it for five pounds, with an agree- ment that he was to receive five pounds more after the sale of 1300 of the first impression, and five pounds for the second impression. He held the office of Latin Secretary to Cromwell, and is said to have refused the same office upon the Restoration. He died in 1674, having been blind for many years before his death. 131 William SoMERs. - - Holbein. - - HIS MAJESTY- The Jester of King Henry VIH. — He is said to have prevailed upon the King to restore an estate to a gentleman with whom he had lived as servant, and whom Henry had^ for a trifling offence, reduced to poverty, for denying his supremacy. 132 Inigo Jones. - - Vandyke. - - Earl of Darnley. Was born 1572. He has always been considered as the best Architect England had produced at that time; and many of his well known works are still the subject of admiration. He was originally sent to Rome by William^ Earl of Pembroke, as a Painter ; but his admiration for the works of Palladio^ induced him to alter his course. On his return to England, he was appointed Surveyor to James I. Charles I.' who had great de- light in promoting the Arts, not only continued him in the same office, but gave him great encouragement in his profession. During the festive part of the reign of that Monarch, he designed all the decorations for the Masques and other Royal entertainments. Towards the end of his life he sympathised in the misfortunes of his master, and died 1651. 133 Henry St. John, Viscount BoLiNGBRORE. - - Lord Bagot, Born 167^; Secretary at War 1704; Secretary of Slate 1710; Viscount Bolingbroke 1712; exiled 1715; pardoned 1723; died 1751. His life, as a Statesman, was short ; but in the course of it he differed with every political friend he ever had. In private life he was amiable and sincere ; and in society, gay, witty, and brilliant. The levities of his early days are forgotten in the philosophic retirement in which he enjoyed the frrendship of Swift, Pope, Arbuthnot^ and Atterbury. As an author, we admire his style, and his genius ; but perhaps no man, gifted with such talents, ever rendered them so useless, and even so injurious to himself and^ others. [ 47 ] No, 134 Jane Shore. - - - Eton College. This Portrait of the celebrated Mistress of King Edward IV. is from Eton College, of which her Confessor, William Westbury, was the Provost in the year 1476; and through her interference with the King, estates of considerable value were restored to that Royal foundation, of which it had previously been deprived. She was the wife of a Goldsmith in Lombard-street, and is represented by historians to have been extremely beautiful, lively, generous, and cha- ritable : and possessed great influence over the King ; which, however, she never used to the prejudice of any person, but frequently exerted it in favour of the unfortunate. Holingshed says of her, " Proper she was and faire : nothing in her bodie that you would have changed, but you would have wished her some- what higher." She was deprived of what property she possessed by Richard III., and condemned to do penance at St. Paul's Cross in the year 1483. She was still living in great poverty in the reign of Henry VIII. SOUTH ROOM. South Etid. 135 John TiLLOTsoN. - SirG,Kneller, - Archbishop of Canterbury. Born October 1630; ordained about 1660 ; Dean of Canterbury 1672; and Archbishop of that Diocese in May I69I ; died 24th November I694. It was a singular fortune, that born, educated, and living till the age of 30, among the Dissenters, he should rise to the Primacy of the Church establishment ; that the least ambitious of men should be placed in an Archiepiscopal throne, from w^hich his predecessor was detruded for con- scientious scruples ; and that the Chaplain of the gay Charles should be selected as Clerk of the Closet by the serious William. Of his Sermons — long the pride of the English pulpit — the language is become a little obsolete ; but the insinuating eloquence, the persuasive reasoning, the copious learning, and above all the true spirit of Christian truth, which they display, place them in the very first class of works of that description. [ 48 ] Nb. 136 Thomas Killigrew, painted when Mi- 1 7 . . \ Shepherd. nister, at Venice. - ^ - J ^ 137 King Richard in. - - . _ 138 Henry V. - 139 Henry VI. 140 Henry VII. - , . - . G. W. Taylor, Esq. HIS MAJESTY. HIS MAJESTY. HIS MAJESTY, HIS MAJESTY. 141 Prince Arthur, Margaret and Mary. John de Mabuse, HIS MAJESTY. The children of King Henry VII. — -Prince Arthur died at the age of J7— Margaret was married to the King of Scotland, and Mary to Louis XII. — and afterwards to Charles Brandon. Duke of Suffolk. 142 Mary Queen of Scots. - Janet. 143 King Charles I. with Queen Henrietta Maria, and two of the Royal 144 Henry IV. [enrietta ] children, j HIS MAJESTY. Vandyke. - HIS MAJESTY^ Earl of Essex. HIS MAJESTY. 145 The Duke of Cambridge. Son of James the Second, hy the Lady Anne Hyde, daughter of the Earl of Clarendon ; born 166^; died 1672. Dobson. - G. W. Taylor, Esq, One of the best of our English Portrait Painters : 146 William Dobson. His own Portrait. became Painter to King Charles the First, after the death of Vandyke, whose Portraits he imitated with much skill and exactness. The tur- bulence of the times, and the civil wars, were fatal to the interests of Dobson. He died in I646, at the age of 36, having given great promise of excellence in his profession. 147 Erasmus. - - Holbein, - - HIS MAJESTY. Born 1467. Died 1536. First came to England in 1497, and went to Oxford the same year, to pursue his studies ; he afterwards became Professor of Divinity and Greek in the University of Cambridge. Whilst in this country he enjoyed the friendship of Sir Thomas More, Archbishop Warham, and of all the eminent men of his time ; he died 1536. There is an excellent statue erected to his memory at Rotterdam, the place of his birth. [49] No. At the sale of the Collection of Charles I. a price was fixed on each picture ; and so highly were the Paintings of Holbein esteemed, that this Portrait of Erasmus, and another of Frobenius, his printer, of the same size, were valued at £W0, when all the Cartoons of Raphael were only estimated at«£300. Cromwell bought the latter at that price. 147* Edward VI. when Prince of Wales. - Holbein. - Earl of Hardwicke. 148 Edward IV. - - - « HIS MAJESTY. 149 Edward VI. - - . - - Sir J. Murray, Bart. 150 Henry Lord Darnley, and his } brother Charles Sxewaet. ^ Heere. HIS MAJESTY. In 1565 Henry Lord Darnley married Mary the Queen of Scotland, in spite of all the endeavours of Elizabeth to prevent it. Mary is supposed to have taken a great aversion to her husband immediately after their marriage. In 1567 he was found strangled in bed. 150* Sir Walter Raleigh. - Zucchero. • * Earl of Hardwicke. Among the eminent men which this country has produced, and whose life has been rendered interesting by the many important transactions in which he was engaged, may be reckoned Sir Walter Raleigh. He was born in 1552; and in 1577 he embarked with the troops sent by Queen Elizabeth to assist the Dutch against the Spaniards. The same enterpris- ing spirit, which was his characterestic through life, induced him to engage wherever active service was to be performed; and in 1584, the Queen gave him a commission to explore the continent of North America. In this expedition he is said to have discovered Virginia ; and from his establishment in that colony he first imported Tobacco into this country. In 1595 he projected an expedition against Guiana, defeated the Spani- ards, and took possession of that country. During the remainder of the reign of Elizabeth he was engaged in many brilliant and successful enter- prises ; but upon the death of the Queen, his prosperity and glory sunk never to rise again. Soon after the accession of King James he lost his influence, was accused of High Treason, tried, and sentenced to death, and his estates given to Robert Carr, Earl of Somerset, the favourite of King James, Sir Edward Coke, then Attorney General, did himself great discredit upon this trial ; he not only pressed the case most unjustly against Sir Walter, but insulted him with the mo^t opprobrious language. G [ 50 ] He was however reprieved, and sent to the Tower^ where he remained prisoner for above 12 years, during which time he wrote his History of the World. In 1G15 he obtained his liberty, and in undertook ano- tlier voya.ge to Guiana. This expedition failed; and he returned to Eng- land in 16 18, when he was seized and imprisoned, at the instance of the Spanish Ambassador ; and in consequence of his former sentence, was be- beheaded in the 66th year of his age. Thus died one of the ablest men which this country has produced. His execution may be considered as one of the most atrocious acts which was committed even in the disgraceful times in which it occurred. SOUTH ROOM. fVest Side. 151 Sir Edward Coke. - C. Jansen. - John Penn, Esq, m Attorney General in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, in 1593; and Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench in that of King James, in l6l3. He was removed from the office of Lord Chief Justice in l6l6, in consequence of a dispute with Lord Ellesmere, as to the respectivejurisdictionsof the Courts of King's Bench and Chancery. Upon the calling of the new Parliament in 36*25, the Court party got him appointed Sheriff, to prevent his election; and he attended the Judges in that capacity — who had himself been Chief Justice of England. He was shortly afterwards elected for the county of Bucks, took a very active part in all the proceedings of those times, and was one of the principal framers of the Petition of Right. He died in 1634, at the age of 86. His works upon the English Law are considered as of the highest authority. 159. Thomas Burnett, LL. D. - Sir G, Kneller. - The Charter House. Born 1655 ; died 1715. In 1681 he published his most celebrated work, the Sacred Theory of the Earth. In 1685 he was appointed Master of the Charter House; and in 1687 he nobly made the first stand against the encroaching despotism of James IL by refusing to admit a papist, whom the King, by his dis- pensing power, endeavoured to force upon the Charter House. This affair was the prelude to the resistance of the Universities, the Corpora- tions, the Bishops, and finally of the Houses of Lords and Commons, and of [ 51 ] No. the whole British nation. Di\ Burnett therefore, a literary honor to his country, should not be forgotten amongst its political benefactors. 153 Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester. Mark Garrard. Marquis of Salisbuiy. Son of John Duke of Northumberland, and brother of Ambrose Dudley, Earl of Warwick ; was indicted for High Treason in assisting the cause of the Lady Jane Grey, received sentence of death, but was pardoned and set at liberty in 1554, at the same time with the Earl of Warwick In the reign of Queen Elizabeth he was taken into favour, possessed the highest influence at Court, obtained the most splendid grants from the Queen, and lived in the greatest magnificence. He commanded the army which was sent into the Low Countries ; and was afterwards appointed L^eut. General of that which was assembled at Tilbury. The Queen proposed to appoint him her Lieutenant both in England and Ireland ; but the Lord Burleigh and the Lord Chancellor Hatton opposed this appointment, as (Jangerous to her interests. He is supposed upon this to have retired in disgust, and set out for his Castle of Kenihvorth-; but he died in his house at Cornbury, in Oxfordshire, in his way thither, in 1588, at the age of 56. He was buried at Warwick, where a handsome monument was erected to his memory. 154 William, Earl of Pembroke. - Honthorsf. - Lord Bayning. Born 1580. Died 1630. 155 Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex. Zucchero. The Duke of Bedford. The favourite of Queen Elizabeth. Son of Walter Devereux, Earl of Essex. He accompanied the Lord Leicester^ who was his father-in-law, in his expedition to Holland, and distinguished himself at the Battle of Zutphen, where the gallant Sir Philip Sidney lost his life. The Queen shortly after gave him the command of the Horse in the army she assem- bled at Tilbury, and loaded him with favours. A warm dispute arising between the Queen and him, as to the fittest person to superintend the affairs of Ireland, he turned his back upon her with contempt, and she gave him a box on the ear. He resented this affront, and retired from Court; shortly after, in 1598, he was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland; but considering this appointment as a banishment, he returned without leave. For this act of disobedience he was suspended from most of his offices ; and at length he carried his resentment so far, as to take up arms against his Sovereign ; but he was reduced to submission [d2] No. by the Earl of Nottingham, declared a traitor, tried, condemned, and executed in ]601, aged 33, the Queen, as it is said, having once counter- manded, and at length consenting very reluctantly to his execution, be- cause he would not apply to her for mercy. During the time the Queen is supposed to have had a passion for Lord Essex, she is said to have given him a ring, declaring that however griev- ously he might offend her, if he returned that pledge, she should consider it as a token of submission, and would pardon him. After his sentence, Essex gave the ring to the Countess of Nottingham to convey to the Queen; but the Countess kept the ring, and only communicated the circumstance upon her death-bed to the Queen. The Queen reproached the dying Countess w^ith the utmost violence for her conduct ; and became herself overwhelmed with grief. Some historians consider this circumstance as having hastened the death of the Queen, which took place not long afterwards. 156 Walter Deveueux, Earl of Essex, 1 Tin father of the Favourite. - | " " " Lord Bagot. Son of Sir Richard Devereux, Knt. Was created Earl of Essex by Queen Elizabeth, in 1572; and Earl Marshall of Ireland, in which coun- try he died, Sept. 22, 1576, (not without suspicion of his being poisoned). He was buried at Caermarthen, where a superb Monument was erected to his memory. His Widow married Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester. 167 Thomas Sackville, Lord Buckhurst - The Duchess of Dorset. Succeeded Lord Burleigh as Lord High Treasurer in 1598. In 1603 he was created Earl of Dorset, and died 1608. History ranks him among the first men of the age both in literary and political character. 158 Queen Elizabeth. - Zucchero, - The Marquis of Salisbury- 159 Charles Lord Howard of Effingham, ] afterwards Earl of Nottingham. - | " " ^^'^ Countess de Grey. Lord High Admiral in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. He defeated the famous Spanish Armada in 1588, and was created Earl of Nottingham, for the services he rendered upon that occasion. Upon the defection of the Earl of Essex, the Queen gave him the command both of the fleet and army, saying, that he was born both to serve and to save his country. The Earl of Essex submitted to him without a struggle. He was highly [ 53 ] No esteemed by King James the First; but becoming infirm, he resigned his office to the new favourite, Villiers, afterwards Duke of Buckingham. He died 1624, aged 86. 160 Francis Bacon, Lord Verulam, and Viscount St. Ali3an's. Lord High Chancellor of England in the reign of King James the First, was born 1561, and educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, under Dr. Whitgift, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury* After four years resi- dence at the University, he spent some time abroad, and on his return fixed his abode in Gray's Inn. He distinguished himself very early in the pro- fession of the law, and in 158vS was appointed by Queen Elizabeth one of her Council. In 1607 he was advanced by King James to the office of Solicitor General ; in I6l3 to that of Attorney General; in I6l7 to that of Lord Keeper, and in I6l8 to that of Lord Chancellor. In the same year he was created Baron Verulam, and two years afterwards Viscount St. Alban's. In the Parliament which met in 1621, a committee was appointed to enquire into the abuses in Courts of Justice. This Committee reported that they had charges of corruption to produce against the Lord Chan- cellor. The House of Peers desired him to prepare for his defence, but he prevailed upon the Prince of Wales (afterwards King Charles the First) to present his submission to the House, in which he abandoned his defence, and threw himself upon their mercy. He was sentenced to pay a fine of forty thousand pounds, rendered incapable of holding any office, and ad- judged to be imprisoned in the Tower during the King's pleasure. This fine was afterwards assigned to persons of his own nomination; the rest of his sentence was remitted, and he was summoned to the first Parliament of King Charles the First. He died in the year 1626. No man can read his works without admiring the strength and beauty of his genius, the wisdom of his thoughts, and the depth of his learning; and no man can reflect upon his life, without lamenting that any human failing should have been mixed with so much of human excellence. Addison says he had the comprehensive knowledge of Aristotle, with the beautiful graces and em- bellishments of Cicero. 161 Sir Nathaniel Bacon. - - Himself. . Earl of Verulam. Born 1546. Died l6l5. His own Portrait ; was the youngest son of Sir Nicholas Bacon, and half ■ Vansomer. - Earl of Verulam, [ ^4 ] No. brother to the Lord Chancellor. He studied painting in Italy, and was esteemed one of the most skilful painters of the day. He is not supposed to have practised the art as a profession, but as an amusement. Some of his works are preserved at Culford, in Suffolk, where he lived, and where in the church a monument is erected to his memory. 169, Sir Thomas Gresham. - Sir Antonio More, - G. W, Taylor, Esq. This eminent merchant of the City of London was bofn in the year 1519, and educated at the University of Cambridge. He acquired great wealth by his mercantile pursuits, and rendered himself serviceable to Henry the Eighth, in extricating him from many of his pecuniary difficul- ties. So highly sensible was the King of his merits, that near the end of his reign he bestowed upon him some valuable marks of his favour, adding these words, " You shall know that you have served a king,'' He built the Exchange in Cornhill in the year 1567, that the merchants of London might have a public edifice to assemble in for the transaction of their business, without being exposed to the weather, as had previously been the case when they met in Lombard-street. Queen Elizabeth, as an especial mark of her favour towards him, ap- pointed him her own merchant, and in 1570 she went attended by her Court, to dine with him at his house in Bishopsgate-street. She then in- spected every part of the Exchange, which from that day was called The Royal Exchange." He died in 1579, leaving estates of considerable value, to be applied to charitable purposes. It has been said of him, that his riches were great, the reputation with which he acquired them greater, and the uses to which they were applied, greatest of alU* 163 Sir Francis Drake. - Pourhus. - Dowager Marchioness of Lansdowne. Born 1545 ; Member for Bossiney and Plymouth, died 1596. Drake is not only among the first, but among' the most famous of the naval heroes of England ; a distinction which he owes to great talents in his profession, to his enterprising spirit, and to his circumnavigation of the world in the years 1578 and 1579; an exploit which, under all the circumstances, required heroism to undertake, and great abilities as well as good fortune to accomplish. He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth, at Deptford, in 1581^ on the deck of the famous ship in which he had put a girdle round about the world.'' [ 55 ] No. 164 Count de Gondemar, - C. Jansen, - Marquis of Salisbury. Was Ambassador from the Court of Spain in the reign of James 1. He has always been represented as having been a most artful politician ; and he certainly contrived to obtain a considerable ascendancy at the British court. The learned and gallant Sif W. Raleigh, who by his exploits had offended his nation, is supposed to have been sacrificed chiefly through his influence. 165 Charles Brandon^ Duke of Suf- ) t ^ u FOLK, and Mary, his Wife. J " " ' ^^""'"^ Charles Brandon was one of the most accomplished gentlemen at the court of Henry VUI. and a great favourite of that monarch. He married Mary, the sister of Henry, and the widow of Louis XH. King of France. Upon that marriage the well known lines were written : Cloth of gold, do not despise, Though thou be matched with cloth of frize ; Cloth of frize, be not too bold, Though thou be matched with cloth of gold." 166 Matthew Parker, - - Archbishop of Canterbury, The second Protestant Archbishop of Canterbury, was born 1504, and educated at Bennet College, Cambridge. After he had been admitted into holy orders, his learning and piety made him generally known, and he was appointed Chaplain to Queen Anne Boleyn ; soon afterwards he suc- ceeded to a Prebend in the Cathedral of Ely, through the favour of King Henry VHI. and he received the same dignity in the Cathedral of Lincoln from the hands of King Edward VI. ; but in the reign of Queen Mary, as he was known to be a diligent promoter of the Reformation, he was dili- gently sought for, and only escaped the persecution of those bloody times^ and probably the fate of Cranmer, Ridley, and Latimer, by moving from place to place, generally in the night, and concealing himself with the greatest care. Upon the accession of Queen Elizabeth, he was appointed to the see of Canterbury. In the discharge of the duties of his high office, his great care was to fill the church with able and zealous Protes- tants, and thus to establish and confirm the Reformation. He died 1575. 167 The Earl of Huntingdon: - - . Lord Bagot. Master of the Hart Hounds to Queen Elizabeth ; President of the [ 56 J No. North: Lord Lieutenant of Leicestershire, Rutland, York, Northumber- land, Westmoreland, and Durham. He died 1595. 158 Sir Walter Aston. - - - Lord Bagot, Ambassador from Queen Elizabeth to the Emperor Charles V. 16,^ Thomas Egerton, Lord Ellesmere. - - Earl of Bridgewater. Was appointed Lord Keeper of the Great Seal in 1 596, by Queen Elizabeth, and Lord Chancellor by King -James L in 1603. He is represented as a sound lawyer, and a most just and honorable man. He presided at the trial of the Earl and Countess of Somerset, for the murder of Sir Thomas Overbury, and refused afterwards to put the Great Seal to the pardon granted to them by King James 1. He resigned the office of Chancellor in 1616, and died shortly afterwards. One of his sons was created after his death Earl of Bridgewater. 170 William Camden. - - - - Marquis Camden. A most diligent Antiquary and an impartial Historian. Was born in 1551, and educated first at Christ's Hospital, then at St. Paul's School, and afterwards at Magdalen College, Oxford. He died at Chiselhurst in Kent, in 1623. He corresponded with the learned men of all countries. The work for which he is justly celebrated is his Britannia, Bishop Gibson, who wrote his Life, says of him, *^ In his writings he was candid and mo" dtsty in his conversation easy and innocent^ and in his whole life^ e*ven and exemplary.^'' SOUTH ROOM. North End. 171 Sir George Rooke. - - Sir G. Kneller, - - HIS MAJESTY. Born in 1650. He had a principal command in the battle of La Hogue in 1692. On the accession of Queen Anne, in 1702, he was promoted to the rank of Vice Admiral. The same year he attacked and destroyed the French and Spanish squadrons in the harbour of Vigo. For this important service he received the thanks of the House of Commons. The last service this gallant officer performed was the capture of Gibraltar. He died in 1709. 172 Admiral Benbow. - Sir G. Kneller. - HIS MAJESTY. Born about 1651. At the age of fifteen he was a waterman's boy. C 57 ] ^ No. His general character for bravery and skill in his profession, and his success against the Moorish pirates, procured for him the notice of Charles II. of Spain, who recommended him to King James II. by whom he was appointed to a command in the Royal Navy. At the Revolution he was promoted to a flag by King William. He died 1702. 173 Henry Compton, Bishop of London. - Riley, - Lord Arden. Was youngest son of Spencer, second Earl of Northampton, who was killed at Hopton Heath, fighting for the King, in 1643. In 1674, he was elected Bishop of Oxford; and in 1675 translated to the See of Lon- don. He was one of the seven Bishops sent to the Tower in 1688, and officiated at the Coronation of King William and Queen Mary, in the room of Dr. Sancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury, who declined to take the oaths. He laid the first stone of St. Paul's Cathedral, being then Bishop of London, and lived to preach the first sermon in it after it was completed, and died in July 1713, aged 80 years. 174 Philip Lord Hardwicke. JV, Hoare, The Earl of Hardwicke. Lord Chancellor in 1736; Earl of Hardwicke 1754. One of our most eminent Lawyers. — He held the high office of Lord Chancellor for twenty years successively, with great honour to himself, and great benefit to his country. 175 William Cecil, Lord Burleigh. - - The Earl of Yarmouth. Lord High Treasurer, and Prime Minister to Queen Elizabeth during almost the whole of her reign, died 1598. He was the great supporter of the Protestant cause, and contributed more than any other person to establish the Reformation. Posterity has assigned to him the character of one of the most prudent counsellors, and one of the most upright and able ministers of England. 176 Philip IL and Queen Mary. - - The Duke of Bedford. This is a most curious picture ; it represents the King and Queen in one of the apartments of the Savoy Palace. The church which is seen through the window^ is the old St. Paul's, destroyed in the great fire of London in 1666, the dreadful effects of which are so strikingly described by Evelyn, in the Memoirs which have been lately published. * H [58] 177 Venetia, Lady Digby. - Vandyke. - - HIS MAJESTY. Was the daughter of Sir Edward Stanley, of Shropshire, and wife of Sir Kenehn Digby ; she is always mentioned as a lady of great beauty and accomplishments. 178 Sir Thomas Dilres. - Sir G. Kneller. - HIS MAJESTY. In the reign of Queen Anne he commanded a squadron of 13 sail in the Mediterranean ; he was in the fleet with Sir C. Shovel, and narrowly escaped, when that Admiral was lost near the rocks of Scilly, in 1708. 179 Sir Cloudesley Shovel. " Sir G. Kneller. - HIS MAJESTY. One of our ablest Naval officers. He was born 1650, and had his share in the victory of La Hogue^ and distinguished himself on the capture of Barcelona. He was lost on the rocks of Scilly in 1708, and himself and all the crew of his ship perished, when he was only forty-seven years of age. 180 Sir Heneage FincH; Lord Nottingham. - - Earl of Verulam. In 1673 the Great Seal was taken from, the Earl of Shaftesbury, and given to Sir Heneage Finch, as Lord Keeper; and in 1675 he was made Lord Chancellor, and raised to the Peerage; in 1681 he was created Earl of Nottingham, and died the next 3^ear. He is ranked among the ablest lawyers who have filled this high office ; and his decrees have been held in high estimation. 181 Shakspeare. - - - - J. W. Croker, Esq. Born 1564. Died I6I6. It is doubtful whether any original Portrait of Shakspeare exists ; and it is even questioned whether our popular notion of his countenance be v/ell founded. The Bust on the Monument at Stratford is not like the received portraits. But no great faith can be given to the work of the artist of a country church two centuries ago. The Portrait published at the head of the first folio edition, only seven years after his death, which re- ceived the direct approbation of Ben Jonson, and the silent sanction of all other friends of the Poet, resembles this Portrait much more than it does the Bust. The Portrait here offered has been always considered to be that of Shakspeare, and is an early, if not an original representation of those features which traditi^^n, and the accordance of many portraits, authorise us in calling Shakspeare's, C ^9 ] No. We have therefore thought it better to give thi* probably authentic representation, than to omit, from the eminent men of England, all notice of perhaps the most eminent of them all. 182 King Henry YII. with his Queen. ^ King Henry VHL with Jane SEY->RemSe, after Holbein. - HIS MAJESTY. MOUR. . - - - J Jane Seymour had been Maid of Honour to Ann Boleyn ; and the King's passion for her is supposed to have hastened the latter to the scaffold. Of all the wives of Henry VIII. she was the most beloved by that capri- cious Monarch. Her death, which happened a year after their marriage, is said to have caused him more grief than any event of his life. She died in child-bed in 1537, after having been delivered of King Edward VI. This Picture is a copy, by Rem6e Van Limput, from one of the finest works of Holbein, which was destroyed when the Palace of White- hall was burnt in 1697. 183 Edward Courtenay, Earl of Devonshire, - The Duke of Bedford. Son of the Marquis of Exeter; born 1526. When Queen Mary, in 1553, visited the Tower, where he had been a prisoner 16 or 17 years, she released him, the Duke of Norfolk, and some others, and shortly after created him Earl of Devonshire. She is said to have wished to marry him ; but he is supposed to have declined, as preferring her sister, the Princess Elizabeth. In 1554 he was again committed to the Tower, with the Princess Eliza- beth, accused of being concerned in Wyatt's conspiracy, but released some months after, upon the intercession of Philip. He died at Padua, about a year after his release, at the age of 30, and is supposed to have been poisoned. He is represented by the historians of the time as a very handsome man ; and during his long detention in prison, is said to have cultivated the arts, and to have acquired various accomplishments. London : Printed by W. Bulmer and W. Nicol, Cleveland-Row, St. James's. i