INSTRUCTION BOOK Panoram-Kodak No. 4 ' PRICE, 10 CENTS. EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, ROCHESTER, N. Y. KODAK Trade Mark. iSS8. EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, Rochester. N. Y. MANUFACTURERS OF Kodaks, Brownie Cameras, Cartridge Roll Holders, Kodak Developing Machines, Eastman's Plate Cameras, Eastman's Solio Paper, Eastman's Dekko Paper, Eastman's Sepia Paper, Eastman's Ferro-Prussiate Paper, Eastman's Royal Bromide Paper, Eastman's Standard Bromide Paper, Eastman's Enameled Bromide Paper, Eastman's Matte-Enamel Bromide Paper, Eastman's Platino Bromide Paper, Eastman's W. D. Platinum Paper, Eastman's Transparent Film, Eastman's Dry Plates, Eastman's Kodoid Plates, Eastman's Transpareticy Plates, Tripods and Other Specialties. Se/i., 190J. THE PANORAM-KODAK No. 4 INSTRUCTION BOOK. Published by EASTMAN KODAK CO. ROCHESTER, N. Y. THE P^TTi' CENTER BEFORE LOADING. Before taking any pictures with the Panoram-Kodak read the following instructions carefully and make yourself perfectly familiar witli the instrument, taking especial care to learn the action of the shutter. Work it several times before threading up the film. The first and most important thing for the amateur to bear in mind is that the light which serves to impress the photo- graphic image upon the sensitive film in a small fraction of a second when it comes through the lens, can destroy the film as quickly as it makes the picture. Until it has been developed and fixed, the film must never be exposed to white light for even a fraction of a second (this includes gaslight, lamplight, etc.), or it will be ruined. Throughout all the operations of loading and unloading, tlierefore, be extremely careful to keep tile black paper wound tightly around the film to prevent the admission of light. EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, Rochester, N. Y. CONTENTS. Part I. Loatlin.f?. Part II. Making tlie Exposures. P\RT III. Removing the Film. Part IV. Developing. Part V. Printing on Solio Paper, PART I. LOADING THE CAMERA. The film for the Panoram-Kodak is furnished in h'ght-proof rolls and the instrument can, therefore, be loaded in daylight. Tlie operation sliould, however, be performed in a subdued light, not in the glare of bright sunlight. w II The Film. Note: The No. 4 Panoram-Kodak uses the regular No. 4 HuUs-Kye cartridges. TO LOAD. I. Take a posi- tion at a table as far as possible from any window, place the Kodak on the table and pull up the pins at either end of top, as in Fig. I. This luilocks the Kodak so that it can be opened for loading. Fig. I. EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY. Fig. II. II. Open the Kodak by pulling- apart, as shown in Fig. II. If the lock pins are pulled out to the limit of motion the Kodak will open easily and will re/// tio farther. If the key is turned too far before tin- Kodak is closed, tilt; black paper will be wound off aiul the filmexposed. Fig. VI. The paper should now be in position shown in Fig. VI 1. VI. Replace the back on camera (reversing operation shown in Figs. I. and II.) „. ,,,, ° ' Fig. VII. From the time the g^ummed slip is cut on cartridj^e until the paper has, been threaded up ready for use care must be taken not to let the black paper loosen on the spool, otherwise light will be admitted and the Mini ruined. VII. Having replaced the back on Kodak turn to the kft on key until the letter " A " ap- pears before the window in back of Kodak. Fig. VIII. Fig. VIII. The film is now in position for ninkin^ the first exposure. PART II. MAKING THE EXPOSURES. The Panoram-Kodak being suitable for general views out of doors is equipped only for instantaneous work, tiie very nature of the instrument making timed exposures out of the ciuestion. The sun should always be behind the back or over the shoulder of the operator. This is of even more importance than with the ordinary camera, because as the lens moves througli such a large field it is next to impossible to shade it in taking pictures toward the light. Do not expect to take pictures of nearby objects in which there are straight lines, with the Panoram-Kodak. I. .Set the shutter by turning lever which lies between the finder and the level so that it points in the opposite direction to tliat in whicii the lens points. Unless the shutter has already been set this will simply mean that the lever is to be swimg to tile opposite side of semi-circle (Fig. I.) and the flap which covers lens may be left closed until shutter is set. It will be noted that in the l)lates at each end of tlie semi-circle through wiiich tlie shutter lever swings are two catches. The iirst of these catciies (/. f., the ones nearest the Fig. I. EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY. spirit level) are for the slow speed of shutter and are to be used for all ordinary exposures. For views on the seashore or in tropical or semi-tropical countries when the light is extremely bright use the high speed by turning lever to the second catch and thus increasing the tension on shutter. II. Lift up the nickel shield on finder and drop the flap in front of lens so that they will be in position shown in Fig. II. Be sure and drop flap far enough so that it will not cut off light from lens. Fig. II. III. The Kodak may be placed on some level support as in Fig. II. or held on the arm as shown in Fig. 111. but in either event care must be taken to see that it is held level and steady. Try operating the shutter in this way a few times ivithout any film hi Ihc camera, before making your first exposure. The V shape lines diverging from the base of camera show the scope of view that will be included. The tinder shows the amount of foreground and sky line, but does not, of course, show the full length of the picture that is to No. 4 PANORAM-KODAK MANUAL. \xi, as no stationary k-ns could accomplisli tliis. It will jirove of material assistance, however, in giving a general idea oftiie picture to be taken. The Kodak siiould be leveled as indicati-d by the circular spirit level, bringing the bubble to the center. All being in readiness HOLD THE KODAK STEADY, HOLD IT LEVEL and press tiie button at riglit of finder as shown in Fig. II. or as in Fig. III. This makes the exposure. IV. Wind a new I'llni into position by turning to the left on key until the letter I> appears before the window in back of Kodak. Repeat tlie foregoing operations for each exposure. Fig. III. VERTICAL PANORAM-PICTURES. Not often, but nevertheless occasionally it is desirable to make a vertical picture with the Panoram-Kodak. A hi<»^h waterfall, a narrow ravine or a mountain ]ieak will now and then ofTer a subject for tiiis uniciue treatment. Tiie field for artistic work in this direction is a new one, and well w(jrth cul- tivating. A little practice and experiment will lead to the most charming results. KASTMAN KODAK COMPANY. FOR TAKING GROUPS. The Panoram-Koclak has no equal for taking outdoor groups. The scope of view is so wide that a great number of people can be included with all in the "front row.'' The subjects should stand in a semi-circle with each the same distance from the camera (not less than twenty feet) and care should be taken not to have any horizontal straight lines in either the fore or back- ground. There is nothing less artistic than a straight board fence or the clai:)boarded side of a house. Such backgrounds are undesirable with any camera but are to be especial!)- avoided with the Panoram. An easy way to arrange the group is for the operator to hold the end of a string of proper lengtli while an assistant describes the arc of a circle with the other end, placing the subjects on the imaginary curved line. This arrangement, it will be seen, brings each individual at the same distance from the Kodak and thus insures their being of the proper relative size in the photograph. Of course there is no objection to having the "sitters" banked one above the other where an exceedingly large group makes this necessary, but for the best results the semi-circular arrangement should always be followed. PART III. REMOVING THE FILM. No dark room is required in chan^iiij^- the spools in the Panoram-Kodak. The operation shoukl, however, be per- formed in a subdued light. I. Having made the last exposure (No. " P> " or "E," according to whether tlie cartridge is for two or for five expos- ures), give the key about 20 half turns. II. Remove the back as before described, page 5. III. Holding the paper taut, so as to wind lightly, turn the key until the paper is all on the reel. I\\ Moisten the gummed slip which will be found at end of roll and fasten down the black paper. Fig. I. V. Lift up tension plate as shown in Fig. I. and remove thp cartridge of exposed film from it and wrap up inmiediately to prevent the possibility of ligiit being admitted. VI. Now throw back the tension plate from empty spool at opposite end of Kodak and remove spool to winding side, fitting the key web into slotted end of spool and then snap- ping tension plate down on opposite end of spool, centering pin in same in hole in axis of spool. The Kodak may now be reloaded as before described. 14 EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY. DAYLIGHT DEVELOPMENT. For best results in development we .'idvise in every case the use of a Kodak Developing Machine, full directions for the use of which accompany each one. By the use of this machine no dark-room is required and the amateur can get far better aver- age results than by the old method. However, the following method of development may be followed, if desired : PART IV. DEVELOPING. For developing and printing No. 4 Panoram-Kodak pictures the ordinary outfit at tiie command of every amateur who does this brancli of the work himself will answer every purpose by the addition of 3 No. 4 Panoram-Kodak DevelopiiiK Trays, 4^2 x 14 iiulios, $ 1.50 I No. 4 Panorani-Kodak Printing;: I'^ranie, . . .75 I No. 4 Glass for Panoram-Kotlak PriiUin.tj I'raiiie, . . .10 I No. 4 Mat for Paiiorani-Kodak Priiiliiij; I'"ranie, . . .15 I Poz. Sheets 3!< X 12 Solid Paper, . . . .35 ? 2.S5 To Avoid Curling, Always Develop Trans- parent Film Face Down. In addition to the usual dark room equipment, provide a pair of shears and a wooden pail or a large earthen bowl in which to soak the film. I. Place the bowl or pail of water on a chair ( or box about 18 inches high ). Detach the film from the black paper, being careful in so doing not to touch tiie face of the film with the fingers. II. Grasp each end of the film, one in each hand, and pass the film, face down, through the water several times, as shown in cut. Contiiuie tliis operation until the film is thoroughly wet, that tiiere may be no air bubbles remaining on it. Now place the film in the bowl or pail of water, immersing it ■ fully but not folding it tightly so as to crack. III. Cover up the bowl or pail with a piece of brown paper to keep out the light from the lamp. (I'"ven the colored light of a dark room lamp will fog the film if it is exposed too long to it. ) lY. Prepare 8 ounces of developer and pour into one of the trays. i6 EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY. V. Now pass the film through the developer in the same manner as described for wetting it and shown in cut. Keep it constantly in motion and in about one minute the high lights will begin to darken and you will readily be able to distin- guish the unexposed sections between the negatives. Com- plete development in the strip, giving s u ffi c i e n t length of development to bring out what detail you can in the thinnest negatives. There is no harm in having your negatives of differ- ent density — this can be .set right in the printing. The difference in density does not aflect the dif- ference'in contrast. //'<• recoiniiicnd stai tiiix the •eto/>ineiit of Ti aiis/>ayr iit III in t /ir xt ii/> as i)fr the I'urc-- .i;i)iiii;' i n s t r u c I i (1 II s , but il (U-sired, tlie filin m:\\ lie cut up bi-l'orc (1 e V c 1 pincMil, lioWL'x cr. care iiiusl he taken lliat llie end be not allowed to roll up o\er the paper. The i-.\|icisui es slioulil be lUt apart with the I'Al'lCK ON TOP. Fig. I sliows a cartridge unrolled with the film on top. correct this simply Imn back the film as indicated by the dotted lines, thus bringini; the film imder the paper, as in l''ig. 2. Fig. 2. NO. 4 PAXORAM-KODAK MANUAL. I7 K H Fig. 3. Cut the black paper through the lines (lower row in Fig. 3) which are midway between the letters A, B, C, etc., and place the sections yiuv ,/owh in a dish of cold water. The sections may now be transferred one at a time to the developing tray and immersed face down. VI. The developer should be allowed to act five to ten minutes. The progress of the development may be watched by holdinj^ the ne,'. When the negatives are dry they are ready for printing, as described in Part V. ft DEFECTIVE NEGATIVES. By following closely the foregoing directions, the novice can make seventy-five per cent, or upwards of good negatives. Sometimes, however, the directions are not followed, and fail- ures result. To forewarn the camerist is to forearm him, and we there- fore describe tlie common causes of failure. Under-Exposure. Caused l)y making exposures when tl;e light is weak. Under-exposure is evidenced by slowness in the appearance of the image in development, and the absence of detail in the shadows. In under-e.xposurcs the sky appears black in development, and the rest of the negative remains white with no detail. Over-Exposure. Caused by too much light. Ne.tjative (le\ol"ps evenly, shadows almost as fast "as hi,i;li lights. "f No coiilrast ami no deep shadows. If a negative is known to be over-exptsed NO. 4 PANORAM-KODAK MANIAL. ig before development is bepuii, the over-exposure can be partly overcome by the adilitiiiii of l)roniiilc of ])Otassium to the developei" before development begins. After the bromide has been added to the developer, it should not be used for anotiier negati\ e, unless it is know n to ha\ e been o\ er-exposed. Fog. Caused by white light in the dark room, or holding tlie fihii too long ill tlie lamplight. ( I^'ven the yellow light from the lamp will fog the film after a time. ) FojT causes the film to blacken all over soon after the developer is applied, and if the fog is considerable it obliterates the image entirely. Over-Development. Caused by leaving the negative too long in the developer. In this case the nej^ative is very strong and intense by transmitted light and requires a very long time to print. The remedy is obvious. Under- Development. Caused by removal from the developer too soon. An under-developed negative differs from an under-exposed one in that it is apt to be thin and full of detail, instead of harsh and lacking in detail. If the development is carried on as before directed, this defect is not liable to occur. Spots, Streaks, Etc. Air bells on the film in the developer or fixing bath are liable to cause spots, and streaks are caused by allowing the film to remain uncovered in part by the various solutions while in them. White, milky spots are evidence that the negative has not been properly fixed, and it should be put back into the fixing batli, and then rewashed. Always Develop Film Face Down. PART V. PRINTING ON EASTMAN'S SOLIO PAPER. Solio prints si:ive either a warm brown or a ricli purple tone as desired and are usually mounted and highly burnished. Method of Printing. — Open the printing frame and lay the negative back down upon the glass (the back is the shiny side). Place upon this a piece of Solio Paper, face down and upon the paper place the blanket. Replace the back of the frame and secure the springs. The back is hinged to permit of uncovering part of the print at a time to inspect it without destroying its register with the negative. The operation of putting in the sensitive paper must be performed in a subdued light, that is to say, in an ordinary room as far as possible from any window. The paper not used must l)e kept covered in its envelope. The printing frame when filled as directed, is to be laid glass side up in the strongest light possible (sunlight preferred) until the light, passing through the negative into the sensiti\e paper has impressed the image sufficiently upon it. The prog- ress of the printing can be examined from time to time by removing the frame from the strong ligiit, and opening one or two sections of tiie hinged back, keeping one section NO. 4 PANORAM-KODAK MANUAL. fastened to hold the paper from shiftins;. The printing sliould be continued until the print is a little darker tint than the finished photograph should be. Place prints without previous washing in the following combined toning and fixing bath : 3 oz. Eastman's Solio Toning Solution. 6 oz. Cold Water. Pour the toning solution into one of the trays and immerse the prints one after the other in the toning bath. Five or six prints can be toned together if they are kept in motion and not allowed to lie in contact. Turn the prints all face clown and then face up and repeat this all the time they are toning. The prints will begin to change color almost immediately from, reddish brown to reddish yellow, then brown to purple. The change will be gradual from one shade to another and the toning should be stopped when the print gets the shade desired. Nine ounces of the diluted toning solution will tone 15 prints ; after that a new solution should be made same as before. When the proper shade has been attained in toning I)ath the prints should be transferred for five minutes to the following salt solution to stop the toning. Salt, I oz. Water, 32 oz. Then transfer the prints to the washing tray and wash one hour in running water, or in 16 changes of water. The prints are then ready for mounting or they can be laid out and dried between blotting papers. EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, Rochester, N. Y. PRICE LIST. No. 4 Panoram-Kodak for pictures 3 '2 x 12 Transparent Film Cartridge, 5 exposures Do., 2 exposures, Black Sole Leather Carrying Case, Kodak Developing Macliine, style, E, . Style E Developing Machine Outfit, Kodak Developer Powders for Style E Machine per package of \4 dozen, 30 Kodak Fixing Powders for Style E Machine, each . 07 Eastman's Solio Paper, per doz., 3>^ x 12 . . 35 Solio Toning Solution, per 8 oz. bottle, ... 50 Eastman's \V. D. Platinum Paper, t,}4 x 12 inches, per do/., 70 Eastman's Dekko Paper, 3', x 12, per doz., . . 45 Eastman's Sepia Paper, 3 '2 x 12 inches, per doz., . 20 Eastman's Hydrochinon lukonogen, Pyro and Dekko Developer Powders, per doz., .... 50 Do., per '4 doz 25 Do. in Hermetically sealed glass tubes, (per box of five tubes), 25 No. 4 Panoram-Kodak Bulls-Eye Composition Trays, 50 No. 4 Panoram-Kodak Printing l'"rames, each, . . 75 Developing, Printing and Mounting only, each, . . 35 Developing only, each 18 Printing and Mounting only, each, .... 20 Oil orders for less than 3 prints or negatives 25 cents extra will be charged. "Picture Taking and Picture Making," a book of simple instruction for the amateur, 120 pages beautifully illustrated. Cardboard cover, . . 50 Do., Cloth bound, i 00 TERMS. The prices in this Mannal are strictly net, excejit to rejjular dealers who carry our .«;<">''« in slock. i'"<)r the convenience of our customers we recommend that they make their Eurchases from a dealer in photoijraphic goods, as by so doing they can save oth time and express charges. EASTMAN KODAK CO., Rochester, N. Y. EASTMAN'S FEATHER TRIPOD. Length, folded, 14 '2 inches. Length, extended, 52 '2 inches. Suitable to use with the Panoram-Kodak. Wonderfully light, compact and strong, this tripod is especially designed for the tourist or automobiling Koclaker. Only i4>2 inches in length when closed, it can be easily stowed in a very small space, whether carried in a case or not. An aluminum top plate with milled edges, holds the socket screw securely in place and seats it in place in the camera when turned-- thus doing away with the nuisance of the ordinary screw, turned by means of a key handle inconven- iently located under the plate HAND CARRYING CASE. between the tripod legs, and always likely to be missing when most wanted. The feather tri- pod folds in four sections, has brass fittings, except the top plate, which is of aluminum, and weighs, in spruce, but 17 '2 ounces, in cherry or in mahogany linish, 20 '/2 ounces. PRICE. Eastman's Feather Tripod, Cherry, Eastman's Feather Tripod, Spruce, Eastman's I'"eather Tripod, Mahog- any I'mish, - - Black .Sole Leather Hand Carrying Case, - - - - EASTMAN'S ^A T E Rl [$7E\aj L O P M 9n T Platinum Paper Not only "like platinum but "is Platinum.' Prints quicKly; develops in hot -water and clears in acid and ivater. Rich and brilliant in its effects. For sale by all dealers. sampieprinthy Eastmaii KodaK Co. 7naU for three two-centstavips Rochester, New^ York. ^. < fr\ 4^ ^c •o'V Dark=Room Abolished by the Kodak Developing Machine The Kodak idea— Simplicity— has reached its logical triumph in the Kodak Developing Machine. Kodak films can now be developed and fixed in broad daylight. Ask your dealer to show you how it works. EASTMAN KODAK CO. Illustrated booklet free P».OClieSter, N. Y. at the dealer's, or by mail. GETTY CENTER LIBRARY 3 3125 00017 2565 If it isn't an Eastman it isn't a Kodak.