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Zbc (Sospel Book of St flfeargaret 
 
Impression : 
 
 Twenty copies on large paper ; and 
 Ninety copies on small paper. 
 
 No /./.. Small Paper. 
 
XUbe <3ospel Book 
 
 OF 
 
 Satnt /Ifcar^aret 
 
 Being a Facsimile reproduction of St. Margaret s 
 Copy of the Gospels preserved in the 
 Bodleian Library Oxford 
 
 EDITED BY 
 
 W. FORBES-LEITH, S.J., F.S.A., Scot. 
 
 ]£&fnburgb 
 
 DAVID DOUGLAS, 10 Castle STREET 
 1896 
 
Edinburgh : Printed by Scott &> Ferguson. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 
 Place in Original. 
 
 Place in 
 Reproduction. 
 
 Introduction. 
 
 
 Pp. 1-16. 
 
 Turgot's Poem relating the Story of the 
 
 BOOK. 
 
 Leaf 2 (the first Leaf being 
 
 UldllK ), 
 
 i Leaf. 
 
 Page with Autographs. 
 
 Leaf 3 (the Reverse of Leaf 
 2 being Blank). 
 
 i »» 
 
 Full- page Figure of St. Matthew. 
 
 Reverse of Leaf 3. 
 
 i >» 
 
 Illuminated Title. 
 
 Leaf 4. 
 
 
 Extracts from the Gospel of St. Matthew. 
 Matthew i. 1-21, ii. 1-12, lii. 13-175 
 iv. i-ii, 18-22, xx. 17-19, xxvi.- 
 xxvii. xxviii. 1-7, 16-20. 
 
 Beginning on the Reverse 
 of 4? and ending on 13. 
 
 1 8 Leaves. 
 
 run-page r igure 01 du iviarK. 
 
 Reverse of Leaf 13« 
 
 i Leaf. 
 
 Illuminated Title. 
 
 Leaf 14. 
 
 
 HiALiclLLb liUIIl LIlC VjUbpcl Ul OL. IVIdlKi 
 
 Mark i. 1-8, vi. 17-29, xiv.-xv. 46, 
 xvi. 1 -7, 14-20. 
 
 JDCglillllliy UI1 LIlC XN-CVCIbc 
 
 of 14, and ending on 
 
 ( I pnf O T "RIot^It- \ 
 
 Z\J \ IjCdl Zi JDiauK.j 
 
 1 3 Leaves. 
 
 Full-page Figure of St. Luke. 
 
 Reverse of 21. 
 
 i Leaf. 
 
 Illuminated Title. 
 
 Leaf 22, 
 
 
 Extracts from the Gospel of St. Luke. 
 Luke i. 1-4, 26-38, ii. 1-14, 21, 22-32, 
 x. 38-42, xxii.-xxiii. 53, xxiv. 1-12. 
 
 Beginning on the Reverse 
 of 22, and ending on 
 the Reverse of 29. 
 
 1 5 Leaves. 
 
 Full-page Figure of St. John. 
 
 John i. 1 -14, xiv. 23-31, xvii. i-ii, 
 xviii.-xix., xx. 1-9. 
 
 Reverse of Leaf 30 (Leaf 
 30 Blank.) 
 
 I Leaf. 
 
 Illuminated Title. 
 
 Leaf 3 1. 
 
 i 
 
 Extracts from the Gospel of St. John. 
 
 Beginning on the Reverse 
 of 3 1, and ending on 
 Leaf 37. 
 
 1 2 Leaves. 
 
 Fols. I, i^-, 2^-, 2i, 30, 372% 38 and 38^- being blanks have not been produced. 
 
 The vignette on the title page is taken from the Arms of Queen Margaret, painted on the 
 ceiling of St. Machar's Church, and copied from the engraving given in Dr. Geddes's and 
 Mr. Duguid's volume on the subject issued by the New Spalding Club in 1888. 
 
Z§t <&o($pd ®oo8 of Qfktargartf 
 of |?eof fcmb* 
 
 HE History of St. Margaret's Gospel-book, its 
 
 *- vicissitudes and its present state, illustrate the 
 dangers which have attended the passage of this 
 little gem across the Ocean of Time. 
 
 Long ago — nearly eight hundred years — this 
 manuscript was carefully described by St. Margaret's 
 confessor. 
 
 Margaret "had a book of the Gospels beautifully 
 adorned with gold and precious stones, and orna- 
 mented with the figures of the four Evangelists, 
 painted and gilt. All the capital letters shone 
 all over with the ruddy glow of gold. She 
 had always felt a particular attachment for this 
 book, more so than for any of the others which 
 she usually read. It happened that as the person 
 who carried it was once crossing a ford, he let 
 the book, which had been carelessly folded 
 in a piece of cloth, fall into the middle of 
 the river. Unconscious of what had occurred, the 
 bearer quietly continued his journey ; but when he 
 wished to produce the book, suddenly it dawned 
 upon him that he had lost it. Long was it sought, 
 but nowhere could it be found. At last it was dis- 
 
2 
 
 THE GOSPEL BOOK 
 
 covered lying open at the bottom of the river, so 
 that its leaves were being kept in constant motion 
 by the action of the water, and the little coverings 
 of silk, which protected the letters of gold, to 
 prevent their being dulled by contact with the 
 leaves, were carried off by the force of the current. 
 Who would fancy that the book could afterwards 
 be of any value? Who would believe that even 
 a single letter would have been visible ? Yet, 
 as a fact, it was taken out of the middle of the 
 river so perfect, so uninjured, so free from 
 damage, that it did not seem to have been 
 touched by the water. The whiteness of the 
 leaves and the run of the writing throughout the 
 volume remained exactly as it had been before 
 it had fallen into the river, except that in part of 
 the outer leaves the least possible mark of damp 
 might be detected. The book was conveyed to the 
 Queen, and the miracle was related to her at the 
 same time ; and she, having thanked Christ, valued 
 it much more highly than she had done before." 1 
 
 After the death of St. Margaret, which occurred 
 in 1093, what became of her most treasured volume? 
 
 1 Life of St. Margaret of Scotland. Edinburgh : David Douglas, 
 3rd edition, 1896. The Latin text of the Life is here printed 
 that it may be compared with the verses inscribed at the beginning 
 of the manuscript. 
 
 " Vita S. Margaretae Reginae Scotiae, caput 3, § 25. (Acta 
 Sanctorum, Jun., torn. ii. p. 333 (Antv. 1698). Vitae Sanctorum 
 Scotiae, ed. J. Pinkerton, p. 348 (Lond. 1789).) 
 
 " Habuerat librum Euangeliorum, gemmis & auro perornatum, 
 in quo quatuor Euangelistarum imagines pictura auro admixta 
 decorabat ; sed & capitalis quaeque littera auro tota rutilabat. 
 
OF ST. MARGARET OF SCOTLAND. 
 
 3 
 
 In accordance with a common practice in those days, 
 it may have been attached to her tomb, or enclosed 
 in the shrine containing her relics. 
 
 On the 19th of June, 1250, the body of St. Mar- 
 garet was taken up from the grave in Dunfermline 
 Abbey, and was placed in a silver shrine adorned 
 with precious stones, which was deposited under 
 the high altar of the church. 1 But no mention is 
 made of her Gospel-book by any of the contemporary 
 chroniclers. 
 
 Father Leslie, a very eminent antiquary who 
 wrote in 1675, relates that her shrine continued to 
 be the object of the greatest veneration until the 
 time of the Reformation, when it was plundered and 
 
 Hunc codicem, prae ceteris, in quibus legendo studere consueverat, 
 carius semper amplexata fuerat. Quem quidam deferens, dum 
 forte per vadum transiret ; liber, qui minus caute pannis fuerat 
 obvolutus, in medias aquas cecidit; quod ignorans portitor, iter 
 quod inceperat securus peregit : cum vero postea librum proferre 
 vellet, turn primum quod perdiderat agnovit. Quaerebatur diu 
 nec inveniebatur. Tandem in profundo fluminis apertus jacere 
 reperitur, ita ut illius folia impetu aquae sine cessatione agitarentur, 
 & panniculi de serico violentia fluminis abstraherentur, qui litteras 
 aureas, ne foliorum contactu obfuscarentur, contexerant. Quis 
 ulterius librum valere putaret ? Quis in eo vel unam litteram 
 parere crederet? Certe integer, incorruptus, illaesus, de medio 
 fluminis extrahitur, ita ut minime ab aqua tactus videretur. 
 Candor enim foliorum, & integra in omnibus formula litterarum 
 ita permansit, sicut erat antequam in fluvium cecidisset ; nisi quod 
 in extremis foliis, in parte, vix aliquod humoris signum videri 
 poterat. Liber simul & miraculum ad Reginam refertur : quae, 
 reddita Christo gratiarum actione, multo carius quam ante codicem 
 amplectitur. Quare alii videant, quid inde sentiant ; ego propter 
 Reginae venerabilis dilectionem, hoc signum a Domino (fuisse 
 opinor)." 
 
 1 Brev. Aberd., 19th June. 
 
4 
 
 THE GOSPEL BOOK 
 
 desecrated ; the relics were, however, preserved. 
 The head was brought, at Queen Mary's desire, to 
 Edinburgh Castle, 1 at the time probably, when 
 exposed to many dangers she took refuge there to 
 await the birth of her son. Father Leslie states 
 also that "Several other very sacred and precious 
 things were transported to the Castle at the same time" 
 With regard to the other remains of the saint 
 and her husband, they were sent to Spain at the 
 earnest request of Philip the second, who built a 
 chapel in the palace of the Escurial in honour of 
 St. Margaret, for their reception. According to 
 Alban Butler, at the end of the last century, they 
 were still in the Escurial with this inscription on the 
 shrine : St. Malcolm, King ; and St. Margaret, 
 Queen? Alban Butler, who had lived at Douay, and 
 
 1 After Mary's flight to England, the Saint's head was removed 
 to the house of the Laird of Dury, where it was for some years 
 preserved by a Benedictine monk. Confided by him to the 
 missionary Jesuits, it was by one of them — John Robie — taken to 
 Belgium, and, after due authentication, was publicly exposed for 
 veneration, first at Antwerp, from whence it was removed to the 
 Scots College at Douay ; there it remained till the days of the 
 French Revolution, when it disappeared amid the general spolia- 
 tion of the churches ( Vita di Santa Margherita dal P. G. Lesleo 
 s.j. Roma, 1675). The Head of St. Margaret is often mentioned 
 in the correspondence of Scots missionaries of the seventeenth 
 and eighteenth century, but never is any allusion made to St. 
 Margaret's Gospel-book. 
 
 2 In 1862, Bishop Gillis, in the hope of restoring St. Margaret's 
 relics to a Scottish shrine, proceeded to Spain. After much 
 labour he discovered in the Escurial two old paintings — 
 evidently doors of a triptych — representing St. Margaret and 
 Malcolm III. of Scotland. The authorities would not allow of 
 their removal. He obtained, however, a large relic of St. 
 Margaret, together with the necessary authentication. 
 
OF ST. MARGARET OF SCOTLAND. 5 
 
 had travelled all over the Continent, is also silent 
 about the Gospel-book. Nor can we find any trace 
 of it in the list of valuable books and manuscripts 
 removed to this country from the Scots colleges in 
 Paris, Douay, and Ratisbon, and we feel justified in 
 doubting whether it was ever taken out of England. 
 It seems more probable that, like many other 
 manuscripts ornamented with gold and silver, the 
 jewelled Gospel-book of St. Margaret, stripped 
 of its beautiful cover, forgotten and ignored, was 
 tossed about during the storm of the sixteenth 
 century. 1 
 
 Eight years ago, as Mr. Falconer Madan tells 
 the story, in a parish library at Brent Ely in 
 Suffolk, there lay a little octavo volume of 
 manuscript in shabby brown binding. It was 
 removed, and, on 26th July 1887, it was offered 
 for sale at Sotheby's, being described in the 
 auction catalogue as " The four Gospels, a 
 manuscript on vellum, of the fourteenth century, 
 illuminated in gold and colours, from the Brent- 
 Ely Library" 
 
 The Bodleian Library purchased this manuscript 
 for the sum of £6, and it was catalogued as an 
 ordinary accession. 
 
 1 One at least of St. Margaret's books can be traced. Reginald 
 informs us that she had bestowed upon the Church of Durham a 
 copy of the Gospels written in letters of silver — textum argenteum — 
 a precious robe of fine linen, and even the very cross which she 
 held in her hands in her last moments, decorated with pearls and 
 precious stones, had been transmitted to St. Cuthbert after her 
 death, by her express command (Reginaldus, cap. xcviii). 
 
6 
 
 THE GOSPEL BOOK 
 
 The marks of ownership in the MS. are as 
 follow : — fol. 30 r>1 "Claytoun Sudlaw " — 
 
 the chronicler ? both apparently sixteenth century ; 
 fol. 3, " William Howard," 2 whose name is declared 
 by Mr. F. Madan to be in the handwriting of Lord 
 William Howard of Naworth, who died in 1640 ; on 
 fol. 18*" scratched with a stylus at an early date: 
 " Linquo quax ranis, crooke corvis, vanaque vanis 
 Ad Logicam pergo quae mortis non timet ergo ; " 3 
 fol. 2Cf'' " Liber Ihois this ys bouke," seventeenth 
 century; fol. 30*"" " Ceraelh[/ and h perhaps doubt- 
 fuljeli " and fol. 38^' a name which some read as 
 « O'Reilly ;" 4 fol. 3"' " Fane Edge," and " Brent- 
 Ely Library," eighteenth century. 
 
 On further examination, eminent experts declared 
 that the style of writing was of the eleventh century 
 and that the illuminations were valuable specimens 
 of old English work. There was also discovered on 
 a fly-leaf of the MS., before the commencement of 
 the text, a poem in Latin hexameters written in a 
 
 1 Fols. 3o r - and 38^ have not been reproduced, as they con- 
 tain nothing but the signatures here referred to. 
 
 2 Lord Howard's signature is reproduced on fol. 3. 
 
 3 I leave Quack to Frogs, Croak to Crows, to Fools their Folly, 
 and betake myself to Reason which is immortal. 
 
 4 The two names " Ceraelheli " and " O'Reilly " are too 
 indistinct to be reproduced. 
 
 ; and fol. 38" " John 
 jv> a^y^rc J I possibly 
 
OF ST. MARGARET OF SCOTLAND. 
 
 7 
 
 hand which, according to Mr. Falconer Madan, 
 might be as early as 1090 or so, but would strike 
 one as somewhat later. 
 
 The poet describes how this very book was the 
 property of a king and holy queen. That lately an 
 attendant, while crossing a ford, let it fall into the 
 stream. There it lay a long time, till at last a 
 knight discovered it. Not a mark was seen on the 
 painted pages, save on the end of two leaves. 
 
 Who were the king and queen ? Mr. Falconer 
 Madan relates that " by a curious circumstance con- 
 nected with the name of Margaret, a lady, to whom 
 this story was told, remembered a similar incident 
 in the Life of St. Margaret of Scotland, and 
 the mystery was solved." 1 There in the Life was 
 the passage quoted at the beginning of this notice. 
 
 The Latin verses were then carefully compared 
 with the narrative in the Life of St. Margaret, and 
 it became quite clear that the Bodleian had acquired 
 not only a beautiful specimen of the style and 
 ornamentation of the Canute period, but the identical 
 manuscript which St. Margaret valued as the most 
 precious of her books. 
 
 Mr. Falconer Madan, Lecturer in Mediaeval 
 Palaeography in the University of Oxford, made 
 known the discovery in the Academy of 6th August 
 1887. A few days later Professor Westwood gave 
 
 1 Books in Manuscript, by Mr. Falconer Madan, p. 109. The 
 reference to St. Margaret, which is the key of the whole matter, was 
 supplied by Miss Lucy Hill, daughter of the editor of Boswell's Life 
 of Johnson, and to her is due much of the credit of the discovery. 
 
8 
 
 THE GOSPEL BOOK 
 
 an artistic and palaeographical description of this 
 manuscript (August 20th), and was followed in the 
 same journal by Rev. F. E. Warren, who discussed 
 the liturgical import of the Gospel-book. 1 
 
 The account given by the most competent 
 authorities of the original volume, described by 
 Bishop Turgot of St. Andrews, is so full and 
 satisfactory as to leave little to be said. Without, 
 however, entering on details of palaeography and 
 textual criticism, which would be too technical for 
 this notice, it may not be uninteresting to give a 
 brief description of the manuscript and of the nature 
 of its contents. 
 
 The book measures 7 by 4-I in., and consists of 
 thirty-eight leaves of vellum. 2 " The text of the 
 MS. is written in a beautiful minuscule hand." 3 
 The writing and illuminations are of the same 
 period as the Canute Gospels in the British Museum 
 (Royal MS. I., D. 9), that is, early in the eleventh 
 century. In the four full-page pictures of the 
 Evangelists, seated and writing in a book, the 
 pose of the figure, the chair, the footstool, the 
 writing-desk and book-stand, are of the Byzantine 
 or Greek kind, which constantly recurs in European 
 MSS. of the Early and Mediaeval period, 4 but the 
 details are no doubt English. 
 
 1 Academy, 25th August 1887. 
 
 2 Lord Howard probably gave it its present binding, which may 
 be of the early part of the seventeenth century — ordinary brown 
 calf or leather, with plain gilding and an oval-stamped ornament 
 on each side. — Academy, 6th August 1887. 
 
 3 Professor Westwood. 
 
 4 Books in Manuscript, p. 54. 
 
OF ST. MARGARET OF SCOTLAND. 
 
 9 
 
 " The Evangelists," says Professor Westwood, 
 " are drawn with much spirit. They are engaged in 
 writing or holding their individual gospels, and are 
 seated on stools and cushions (more Byzantino). 
 Each has a plain circular golden nimbus. Their 
 gospels are either book-shaped or in the form of a 
 long scroll or roll, their feet rest on footstools most 
 inconveniently placed in slanting positions, and their 
 dresses (each consisting of an inner-robe, visible on 
 the breast and over the feet) and body covering of 
 various colours, each being strongly relieved with 
 dark sides of the garments much angulated, the edge 
 of each being relieved by bright lines of white or of 
 the local tints, agreeing in this respect entirely with 
 the treatment of the dresses in such of the Canute- 
 period MSS. as have come down to us." 1 
 
 Comparing St. Margaret's Gospel-book with other 
 contemporary MSS. written in the style which has 
 been ascribed to the time of King Canute, Professor 
 Westwood remarks that our little MS. differs in the 
 almost entire absence of ornamental details, while 
 it agrees with them in the peculiar granulated 
 appearance of the gold applied liberally in the 
 headings of each gospel, and in the redder tint of 
 the gold, so entirely unlike the burnished gold of 
 the MS. illuminations of the twelfth century. 2 
 
 1 Academy, Aug. 20th. 
 
 2 " Until about the twelfth century gold was laid on in powder, 
 and always, if closely looked at, has a ruddy appearance. The 
 description of a book as aureis Uteris rutilans (with a ruddy glow 
 from its golden letters) precisely gives the impression to the eye. 
 But after that century gold was laid on with extraordinary care and 
 burnished." — Books in Manuscript, by Mr. Falconer Madan, p. 50. 
 
IO 
 
 THE GOSPEL BOOK 
 
 This gold of a redder tint had struck the writer 
 of the Life. " Each capital letter shone all over 
 with the ruddy glow of gold. Capitalis quczque 
 litter a auro tot a rutilabat." 
 
 The book, which may be described as selections 
 from the four Evangelists, was probably brought 
 from England, where small copies of the Gospels, 
 or selections of them used in the service of the 
 Church, were not uncommon in the latter part of 
 the Anglo-Saxon period. Such are the Gospels of 
 Wadham College — 1012-1030 — and the very beauti- 
 ful little Gospel-book of Bishop Ethelstan of Here- 
 ford (1012-1056). 1 
 
 The discovery of this MS. adds one more to the 
 very limited list of extant pre- Reformation Scottish 
 Service-books, increasing their number from twelve 
 to thirteen. None of these, says Mr. Warren, except 
 the Book of Deer and the Evangelistarium of St. 
 Margaret, are earlier than the thirteenth century. 2 
 
 1 Professor Westwood, Academy, 20th August. 
 
 2 The portions of the Gospels contained in St. Margaret's 
 Gospel-book are common to the Roman and Sarum Missals 
 except two (Luc. xxiv., 1-2 ; Matth. i. 16), which are found only in 
 the Sarum, and one which is found in neither the Roman nor the 
 Sarum use. The only Evangelistarium in which Mr. Warren has 
 found it is the eleventh century Anglo-Saxon MS. once belonging 
 to Bishop Leofric, of Exeter, now in the Cambridge University 
 Library. — See Mr. Warren's letter to the Academy, August 1887. 
 The passages contained in the volume are: — Matthew i. 1-2 1, 
 ii. 1-12, iii. 13-17, iv. 1-11, 18-22, xx. 17-19, xxvi.-xxvii., 
 xxviii., 1-7, 16-20; Mark i. 1-8, vi. 17-29, xiv.-xv. 46, xvi. 1-7, 
 14-20; Luke i. 1-4, 26-38, ii. 1-14, 21, 22-32, x. 38-42, xxii.- 
 xxiii. 53, xxiv. 1-12 ; John i. 1-14, xiv. 23-31, xvii. 1-11, xviii.-xix., 
 xx. 1-9. 
 
OF ST. MARGARET OF SCOTLAND. 
 
 We may now turn to the Latin verses inscribed 
 on folio 2 of the manuscript : — 
 
 Xpiste tibi semper grates persoluimus omnes. Tewpore 
 
 qui nostro nobis miracula pandis ; Hun<: 
 
 libru;« quidam intense iurare uolentes ; 
 
 Suwpserunt nuduw sine tegmine nonque ligatuw 
 5 "Presbyter accipiens ponit sinuamine uestis. 
 
 Flumine transmisso codex est mersus inamnem ; 
 
 Portitor ignorat libruw penetrasse profundum ; 
 
 Sed miles quidaw cernens post multa mom^^ta ; 
 
 Tollere iam uoluit libru^z deflumine mersuw ; 
 10 Sed titubat subito libruw dum uidit apertum ; 
 
 Credens quod codex extoto perditus esset ; 
 
 At tam^ immittens undis corpus cu/^uertice suwmo ; 
 
 Hoc euang^li&m p^fert degurgite apertum ; 
 
 O uirtus clara cunctis o gloria, magna ; 
 15 InuiolataJ' enim codex pmnansit ubiq^. 
 
 Exceptis foliis binis que cernis utrinque ; 
 
 Inq^ib^s- exundis paret contractio quedaw ; 
 
 Que testanta?- op^ Xpisti pwcodice saneto ; 
 
 Hoc opus ut nobis maius mirabile constet 
 20 Demedio libri pannuw lini abtulit unda ; 
 
 Saluati semper sint rex reginaq^ saneta ; 
 
 Quorum codex erat nup^ saluati abundis. 
 
 Gloria magna d^o, libruw qui saluat eundem ; 
 
 The poet, after thanking Christ for "displaying 
 miracles to us in our own days," describes how this 
 very volume, without its case, and not bound, had 
 been carried by a priest in the folds of his robe 
 to a trysting-place, in order that a solemn oath 
 might be taken on it ; unfortunately it had been 
 dropped, without the priest observing it, into a 
 river, and given up for lost. A knight of the 
 party discovers the book, and perceives it to be 
 open. He hesitates for a while, believing that the 
 book must be entirely destroyed, but afterwards 
 
I 2 
 
 THE GOSPEL BOOK 
 
 plunges into the river and brings it up. To every- 
 one's intense surprise, the beautiful volume is quite 
 uninjured, except two leaves at each end, in which 
 appears a slight contraction from the action of the 
 water, which testify the work of Christ in protect- 
 ing the sacred volume. That this work might 
 appear to us still more wonderful, the wave washed 
 from the middle of the book a piece of cloth. May 
 the King and holy Queen be saved for ever, whose 
 book was but now saved from the waves. 
 
 Here we have a story almost identical with that 
 related by Turgot, with some variant but not dis- 
 crepant details. We cannot, however, lay much 
 stress on the language of poetry. 
 
 The verses must have been written shortly after 
 the events recorded, as the expressions " nostro 
 tempore," "nobis," and especially " nuper," preclude 
 the idea that the poem can be later than noo. 
 It may not be unreasonable to suppose that we 
 have in the poem the composition of Turgot 
 himself, who, after the Queen, had most interest 
 in the book. The scribe, however, as may be 
 noticed, began to write the verses as prose. He 
 had written two lines, when, finding out his mistake, 
 or more probably checked by the composer himself, 
 he began to write the rest correctly. The scribe, 
 therefore, could not be the composer of the verses. 
 
 The verses supply a few particulars not given in 
 the Life} The book was carried "bare, without 
 
 1 " Xpiste " for Christe shows that the Xp form was used in 
 Scotland in the eleventh century. 
 
OF ST. MARGARET OF SCOTLAND. 
 
 13 
 
 cover, and not fastened," which expression suggests 
 that the Gospel-book was kept in a case. The 
 words " gemmis ornatus," applied by Turgot to the 
 precious volume, may refer to the case in which it 
 was preserved. We are told that the book was 
 carried by the priest to a trysting- place, that a 
 solemn oath might be taken on it. The " sinuamine 
 vestis" is not inconsistent with the "pannis 
 obvolutus." 
 
 The verse " Exceptis foliis binis que cernis 
 utrinque" explains the real meaning of Turgot's 
 words "in extremis foliis" — that is to say, "on 
 the end leaves," while the "utrinque" refers to the 
 beginning and end of the manuscript; "and, sure 
 enough," says Mr. Madan, "a leaf at each end of 
 the book shows unmistakeable crinkling from 
 immersion in water." As to the illumination of St. 
 Matthew (fol. 3) the colours have soaked through on 
 the verso, and can be traced on the recto, but the 
 colour of this illumination seems to be almost as 
 bright as that of the other three. 
 
 Both the prose narrative and the verses relate 
 that the current had washed away a loose piece of 
 cloth which had been inserted between the leaves 
 of the manuscript to preserve the illuminations from 
 contact with the opposite page. 
 
 If anything could add to the interest of the 
 volume, it is that in the same Life we are told 
 that King Malcolm "although he could not read, 
 would turn over and examine books which the 
 Queen used either for her devotions or her study ; 
 
i4 THE GOSPEL BOOK OF ST MARGARET 
 
 and whenever he heard her express especial liking 
 for a particular book, he also would look at it with 
 special interest, kissing it, and often taking it into 
 his hands." 
 
 The discovery of St. Margaret's Gospel-book 
 has preserved, it may be hoped, to all time a 
 volume which will always be of the deepest interest 
 to this country. 
 
 The illuminated pages of the book have been 
 reproduced by lithography in facsimile, and the 
 text in collotype. The Editor's best thanks are 
 due to Mr. E. W. B. Nicholson, and the authorities 
 of the Bodleian Library, for permission to photo- 
 graph the MS. ; to Mr. A. F. Bainbridge, of 
 Messrs. Scott & Ferguson, who, with much skill 
 and labour, has put the work through the press ; 
 and to Mr. David Douglas for undertaking the 
 publishing of this, the most treasured volume, of 
 our great Scottish Queen. 
 
 W. F. L. 
 
 Selkirk, 2^th April 1896. 
 
Facsimile. 
 
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