it THE BABYLONIAN EXPEDITION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA SERIES A : CUNEIFORM TEXTS EDITED BY H. V. HIIvPRECHT VOLUME X “ Eckley Brinton Coxe, Junior, Fund” PHILAOELPHIA Published by the Department of Archceology and Palceontology of the University of Pennsylvania 1904 ?7vC^ OF MURASHU SONS OF NIPPUR DATED IN THE REIGN OF DARIUS II. (424-404 B. C.) BY Rev. albert T. CT.AY, Pn.D.. Assistant Professor of Semitic Philology and Archcvoloyy in the University of Pennsylvania PHIIvADELPHI.A. X ieo-4 MacCalla & Co. Inc., Printers Breuker & Kessler Co., Lithographers Paul C. Stockhausen, Halftones Co the JMcmory of Gdward CH. Clark of Philadelphia uikase grnrrnuH zral aiti) prr-miiiritt DrrutrPB kaup lippn prontiiipnl in llfp intPrpBl nf ffialtglnniait rpBparrh aitJi in tl}P PBlabliBlintPiit nf tljp Sppartnipitt nf Arrl)trnlngy nf tl^p UuinprBitp nf ^pttnByluania Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from Getty Research Institute https://archive.org/details/businessdocumentOObaby EDITORIAL PREFACE. This volume of cuiieiforni texts from the archives of 3Iurashu Sons of Nippur forms the direct continuation of Series A, VoL IX, by H. V. Hilprecht and A. T. Clay. In accordance with a resolution of the Publication Committee of the Babylonian Expedition, the authoi*s of that volume had originally planned to edit Vol. X likewise together. \Vith this aim in view, the undersigned had even gone to Constantinople and trans- literated and translated all the texts of the same archives preserved in the Imperial Ottoman ^luseum. But, in consequence of the remarkable success of the University’s fourth campaign at Nippur, which soon afterwards led to the founding of the Clark Research Professorship of Assyriology by Messrs. Edward W. and Clarence H. Clark, it became necessary to rearrange the work of the Babylonian Section of the University in accordance with the new conditions and regulations. The time and attention of the occupant of this new chair being required princij^ally for the study of the thousands of earlier documents, Avhich unfortunately for tlie greater part are unbaked and therefore often in a deplorable condition,^ he readily accepted the friendly offer of his co-laborer to continue the publication of the JIurashu archives alone, reserving for himself only the right to make his previous researches on the proper names of this class of tablets, as far as not presented by Prof. Clay, accessible to Assyriologists through additional notes characterized by the letters Ed. (= Editor). With the exception of these. Prof. Clay is alone responsible for the prej)aration of this entire volume and for the views expressed therein. Since he has devoted the best part of the last three years to the study of these texts and is already favorably known to Assyriologists from his conspicuous share in j>reparing Vol. IX, he does not need any introduction to the scientific world from his former teacher and jiresent colleague. His work will speak for itself. As already indicated, my additional notes refer chiefly to the identification and elucidation of proper names. Since the appearance of Vol. IX, in 1898, the investigation of Semitic proper names has made considerable progress. Among the recent notable publications in this line I mention only Johns, Assyrian Deeds and Documents, and the ‘On this subject cf. Hilpreclit, The Excavations in Assyria and Babylonia, pp. 513, ff. (The Babylonian Expedition of the University of Pennsylvania, Series D, Vol. I). Vlll BUSINESS DOCUMENTS OF MURASHU SONS, same author’s Assyrian Doomsday Book ; Lidzbarski, Handbuch der Nordsemitischen Epiyraphik, and his contributions to the Ephemeris fur Ssmitische Epiyraphik, edited by himself; Littmann, Zur Entziferuny der Safa Inschriften ; Dussand and Macler, Voyaye archeoloyique au Safa et dans le Djebel ed-Druz, and the same two authors’ Mission dans Ics Reyions dHertiques de la Syrie Moyenne — all of which have rendered valuable service in helping to identify West-Semitic names contained in the Babylonian cuneiform texts here jmblished. Suffice it to state expressly, that Aramean and Kana^anean names unaccompanied by a reference to an inscription are taken from the collections of Lidzbarski, while the Safaitic material as a rule goes back to the last-mentioned publica- tion of Dussand and Macler, and the Iranian names quoted for comparison are given on the authority of Justi’s Iranisches Namenbuch. Greatly facilitated as the researches of the Assyriologist occupied with a study of proper names at present are, comjiared with what they were but a few years ago, the difficulties confronting him at every step, as indicated in the Introduction to Vol. IX, p. 9, are still extraordinary. In some cases, therefore, no effort was made to analyze the names pulilished in the following pages. In other instances the view set forth must be regarded merely as a first attemjit to offer a solution, while in still other cases several theories have been proposed, each of which will have to be examined with regard to its own merits. In scarcely another branch of Semitic philology we have to confess our ignorance as often as in the interpretation of proper names, which to a certain degree may be compared Avith geological stratifications and j^etrifactions reflecting the Werde- ■process of by-gone ages. We see the results of this process before us, but Ave are frequently at a loss to understand the causes which led to peculiar developments in certain directions, and to fix the historical order of the different stages through Avhich it j)assed. The different nations and races represented by proper names from the archives of 3Iurashu Sons are almost as numerous as those referred to in Acts II, 8-11. Tire Babylonia of the time of Arataxerxes I. and Darius II. evidently contained more foreigners than direct descendants of the earlier inhabitants. To judge from the material published in Vols. IX and X, the population of the small but rich alluvial country was a thorough mixture of native Babylonians and Cassites,^ Persians and Medians (IX’ pp. 26, ffi), and even Indians," including also members of the mountainous tribes of Asia ’As to Cassite influence, cf. mJ^d’id-dShipak (IX), &luBit-mTarbilimma-}Iarbe (X) and )Ta-ba-la-ai {Ta-ha-lu-ai, Ta-ha-lu-la-ai) , X. Cf. also the additional writiugs Ta-hal-ai, Tab-bal-ai, Tah-la-ai, Tah-alu-ai (and Tah-al-lu-u-a, I'a-ba-li, Tab-li), quoted by Johns, Assyr. Deeds, pp. 48 and 106. ’Cf. Al-Uattai (X), “settlement of the Ilittites” or “Khatians.” ’Cf mUam(jn)atai (X), probably “man from Hamath ’’ (on the Orontes). *Cf the places ^ly-Ishqallunu ( = p'7ptyX), IX, and MuHazatu (=nT;;), X, apparently named after the two famous cities of the Philistines. Cf also (IX, X), unless jS-wmi be a hypokoristikon of a name containing "VV “ rock.” ‘Cf Al-irajn(ma)nai (X), “settlement of the Ammonites.” * Ct. QX, X, = pSSJ'b, with the dissolution of final n) and Al-UasTiMi (IX), “settlement of the Heshbonites.” ’Cf the personal proper names containing Amunu and dEsi' ( = Isis) in X and the canal X&ru s7ia kjfiiirai (X). *Cf e.g., Al-Mandirai, “settlement of the Mandireans” (IX), and hGi-mir-ra-ai, “the Kimmerians ” (X, 97: 12). X BUSINESS DOCUMENTS OF MURASHU SONS, signify ? According to a view widely prevailing among Semitists, prominently including Noldeke,^ and formerly also sliared by the jiresent writer, it means “my god.” In many of the well-known cases, however, this translation cannot well be accepted.^ Apart from otlier reasons, I call attention to the fact that many of the personal names compound with ’SN- etc., as first element, in several Semitic dialects offer parallel formations with only riN. Dj7. etc., in the same position, and, moreover, that sometimes even the same person is written either way,^ that, furthermore, in such cases where these nouns appear as the final element of full names, as a rule‘s only the latter (shorter) forms are found in Hebrew and otlier Semitic dialects, the short vowels c, i, u according to a general tendency being commonly dropped; and that, above all, in the Babylonian transliteration of both classes of West-Semitic names we find tlie ideographic writing AN, AB^ SHESH (or PAP), LUGAL (or 31 AN), which cannot be rendered “ my god,” “ my father,” “ my brother,” “ my king,” etc., but only “ god,” “father,” “brother,” “king,” etc., side by side with the phonetic writings Hi {Nl-NI), a-hi a-hi, mil-ki, etc. The most natural solution of the whole question seems, therefore, to be to assume that at least in many of the cases, etc., is only the scriptio plena for i7i, “god,” obi, “father,” etc., and that the common early Baby- lonian use of NI-NI (which, like the single Ni, according to A", 20, 21, can only be read ill) instead of AN, must be regarded as an evident endeavor on the part of the scribes to reproduce that ancient pronunciation Hi (not ilii) “ god,” which they actually heard, in cuneiform writing.*^ This points to a very extensive use of the vowel i, as an ending of the absolute case, among certain West-Semitic tribes, instead of the u generally preferred in Arabic and Assyrian. The cuneiform texts from the time of the Hammurabi Dynasty down to the end of the fifth century corroborate it. For the earlier period the collection of proper ‘ Of. Cheyne and Black, Encydopmlia Bihlica, Vol. Ill (1902), col. 3279 : ’Vx, which can scarcely he trans- lated otherwise than “my God.’’ On the other side cf. Gray, Studies in Hebrew Proper Names, pp. 75-86, for the view now also held hy the present writer. The literature on the whole subject is given hy Gray. ^ Cf. especially Gray, l.c., p. 85. ® Cf. the Hebrew Dictionaries. For my purpose it will be sufficient to quote alongside of Vj-DX (and even 1 Sam. 25 ; and "O'DX, 1 Sam. 14 (cf. Bahyl. SIIESH-nuri- below, which can only mean “A. is my light ’’ = Ahi-nuri)-, DlScj^-’3N (1 Kings 15) and (3 Chron. 11, also Gray, l.c., p. 84); dSd-’Sk (1 Chron. 3 ; C) and (1 Chron. 14:5); (Nu. 3 : 30) and ;3 vAn (Ex. 6 ; 22), etc. ^Cf. however the traces of a liual i in the Greek transliteration of certain Safaitic proper names, below. ^ AD does not necessarily mean AM. As shown below, p. 38 f, it sometimes must be transliterated Ad, being a shortened form from Adad or Addu. must therefore decline Delitzsch’s proposition (2?. A., IV, p. 487): “ Das doppelte Ni(NI.NT) ist vielleicht am besten llu, nicht I-li (Nagel) oder Hi (King) zu umschreiben,” — a method also adopted by Daiches, Altbahylonisclie Reehtsurlcunden, p. 13, or the view held by other Assyriologists, according to which Hi, when written Nl-Nl, is meant for »7i= “ mv god.’’ DATED IN THE REIGN OF DARTUS II. XI names to be published bv Pr. Kauke in Series D, Vol. Ill, will furnish the necessary material. The lists of proper names given by Zimmern, K. A. T.,^ and Johns, ll. cc., in addition to tlie Assyrian lists of the eponyms, enable us to trace this peculiarity during the ‘Amarna period and the first half of the first millennium. It will, therefore, be sufiicient for my purpose to prove it in connection with the West-Semitic proper names of Yols. IX and X of our own ]mblication. Excluding all the cases in which the first element may possibly be interpreted as standing in the construct case, and the very numerous cases in which the name itself stands in the genitive (cf. Nabu-a-qa-ab-bi, Nabu-ha-qa-bl, Nabu-qa-ta-ri, HA^-ga-ba-ri, Shammh-na-da-ri , Bif-ili-a-d(r-ri, Za-bi-ni, Gab-ba-ri, Ha-bi-si; or ends in ili^'\ as e.g., A-qa-bi-ili^, A-dar-ri-ili'^, Ba-hi-mi-ili>'\ Ra-ab-bi-ili^\ etc., where the final i of the first element may be due to the first i of the second element {ili^^), I quote only such examples in which the i is attached as a case ending to the entire name, being regarded as a compound substantive (cf. IX, p. 24) and standing in the nominative, or such examples in which i is joined to the first element standing in the absolute case. Cf. Qusu-ia-a- ha-bi, Bel-ia-a-hab-bi, Bel-ba-rak-ki, Ili^^-qa-ta-ri {qatari must be a verbal form 3 p. m. sing, perf., like the three j^receding verbs, and ga-ba-ri in other names), Shamas1d‘''-la- din-ni,^ Jli-in-ia-mi-i-ni, on the one hand, and '^3Iil-hi-abu-usur, ^Il-te-ih-id-nuri, "^B-te- bi-ri-a-bi, etc., on the other. These examples could easily be multiplied from our own and other inscriptions. It must surely be regarded as remarkable that the original i has been so often preserved, notwithstanding the fact that the Babylonian scribes were inclined to attach the case ending u even to foreign names, especially when abbreviated (cf. Bi^-ha-rak-ku (rare!), Bt-za-bad-du (common), Bi^^-na-tan~nu, 3B-na-hi-mu, Ba-hi- rmi, Za-bu-du, A-qu-bu,- Na-tu-nu, etc.), or to drop the final vowel altogether, in accordance with a general tendency noticeable in connection with proper names (cf. Xabu-zabad, Ammu-la-din, Ilk‘’‘-ga-bar, Nashhu-qa-tar (Johns), 3B-in-ia-a-me-en, 3B-na- hi-im). This much is sure, that the i found so commonly in connection with West- Semitic names is seen only exceptionally in the pure Babylonian names of our inscrip- tions. The use of this i in the absolute case must, therefore, be regarded as a peculiarity of West-Semitic proper names. ■■Tlie final element, la-din-ni, written also la-din, and (with dissolution of final n, cf. Vol. IX, p. 37, note 3) even la-di (V R., 8 : 15, and .Johns, A. D. B., p. 53) probably is a precative form of the verb j’l. Cf. li-in-dar {Tli-li-in-dar, Shameish-U-in-dar , IX and X) from b^J, la-rim {Mar-la-ri7n-me{=mi;), 3Iar-la-ar-{7ne\ wdth synkope, ifa-ri-la-rirn, Mar-la-^ira, Ahi-la-rim, Ald-la-rirn, etc. (.Johns, A. D. D., Vol. Ill, p. 100), Ahi-la-ri-im (X, below), Ilif. from on, and perhaps (cf. dPa-a-hu-u-la-ki-imW) — la-qi-im, Hif. from Dip. For other verbal forms (Imper., Imperf. Perf, Part.) of these four verbs are commonly found as an element of certain West-Semitic proper names. Cf. Il-ia-di-mu (p. 50, note |), Na-di^, Na-di-ir, Shamash-na-da-ri (IX and X), Addu-ra-am-nm{fl) (IX), Mil- ki-ra-mu (.Johns, A. D. D., Vol. Ill, p. 186), Rai^immu (Winckler, Sargon), Sliamesk-qa-mc, Atar-qa-inu (Johns, A. D. B.), and Bi. D'p'-in', etc. *In some cases final u may be due to a preceding labial. BUSINESS DOCUMENTS OF MUEASHU SONS, xii In view of what has been stated, it is clear that ilu^^ used by the Babylonian scribes of our tablets exclusively in connection with West-Semitic proper names to express the idea of “god,” generally rendered by ilu alone in Babylonian proper names, must have been chosen intentionally to discriminate between the West-Semitic pronunciation of “god” {ill) and that of the Babylonian (ilu). In other words, the Semitic Babylonian ihi^^ (also the lugal^^ of the ‘Amarna tablets) and the Sumerian NI-NI (doubling of the single NI, which itself means Hi) of the earlier inscriptions are to be viewed in the same light as a kind of scriptio plena, in either case the plural writing being chosen to secure a pronunciation for the last vowel of AN{ilu) or LUGAL{sliarru) or Ni{ili) similar to that of the Babylonian plural ending e, resp. 1 But the length of the last vowel of Hi, etc., follows from this peculiar writing in Babylonian as little as it does from in the Hebrew jiroper names, or from the use of the scriptio plena in Semitic jialeeograjihy in general. We are accustomed to designate as phonetic complement in Assyrian what is known as mater lectionis in other Semitic languages. Cf. my remarks on this peculiar use of HESH in Assyrian {Assyriaca, pp. 55, f., note) and the similar use of the vowels a, i, u, especially (but not exclusively!) at the beginning of words {i-ish-ta- lal, e-H-du, u-ush-ziz, e-ip-she-tu-u-a { — epshetuwa or epshetoa), u-ul-lu-u, etc.). In the ‘Amarna tablets this use of the plural sign 3IESH, the ^^Hauchlaut,^’ and the vowels a, i, u as matres lectionis or phonetic complements, is much more extensive than in pure Babylonian and Assyrian texts (cf. Bezold, Oriental Diplomacy, pp. xiii, xvii, f., xxiii, f.). To establish the pronunciation of AN^'' as Hi = beyond any reasonable doubt, it will only be necessary to examine the two names from the Neo-Babylonian literature cpioted by me, p. 50, below. In the Coneordance of Projier Names of Vol. X we find the name written in the following three ways : AN'^^ -li-in-dan , AN-H-in-dar (with syncope of the second vowel between identical consonants) and AN-in-dar. In order to read the last writing correctly, we have to read AN as Hi {Ili-indar, i.e., Ilindar—Il-lindar—Ili-lindar). The second example is even more instructive. In Johns, Assyr. Deeds, No. 345, E, 1 and 361, R, 12, we read the name AN-ia-di-nu, which evidently is identieal with AN^^-a-di-nu (Evetts-Strassmaier, Neriylissar, 66, 7). It shows that must be read III to complete the verbal form iadinu required by the first writing. The evidence adduced is regarded as ample to show that the correct transliteration of AN'^’‘ in the West-Semitic names of our texts must be Hi — “god.” The faet that 3IESII is omitted a few times in the 3Iurashu texts and very frequently in other inscrip- tions {e.y., in those published by Johns and StrassmaieE) would indicate either that AN ‘ Cf. e.fj., Strassmaier, Nahuchod. 346, 'where the same person is written either Ba-ri-ki-ilipl (1. 3) or Ba-ri-ki-il (1. 7), and Nahuchod. 364, where the same person is 'written I-di-hi-il (11.3, 4) or 1-di-^i-ilipl (1. 9). DATED IN THE EEIGN OF DARIUS II. Xlll when appearing in AVest-Semitic names was also pronounced ili,^ or that it stood for il— “rN*. the final vowel being frequently dropped, as in Hebrew proper names (cf. and and at the end of names). It may, however, seem strange that in our texts AX^—iU appears also at the end of West-Semitic names, where the Old Testament and the Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum have only As stated above, the general tendency of dropping short case vowels at the end of names is largely responsible for the defective writing At the same time there are traces in the Greek transliterations of Semitic names which show plainly that even at a very late time the final i of ill when standing at the end of proper names was pronounced occasionally. Cf., e.g., the names given by Diissaud and INIacler, Jlissiou dans les Regions Dhcrtiques de la Sgrie Mogenne, pp. 301, ft*.; ' Au3pi?.iov, C\up'i?uog and ^agoaeXig scarcely zr alongside of {= 'AgslpyiT^og {= Paya//.or etc. Nbldeke found difficulty in explaining this i satisfactorily (>'. B. B. A., 1880, p. 7(38), while Lidzbarski was inclined to ascribe it to Roman influ- ence (Avpr;?.iog Aiui7.ior,, etc., cf. Ephemeris, I, p. 331). In order to distinguish AN^'' and AX sufficiently in my transliteration, I rendered the former by iU and the latter by Hi, at the same time now regarding the flual i of as short. Johns {Assyr. Doomsday Book, p. 15) in examining into the question as to how the people about Harran lironounced their word for “god,” came to the conclusion that they said “ Al, Alla, not ilu, nor A/,” basing his rendering of Al principally upon the writing of Al-Xashhu-milki, Al-Si -milki, etc. But where did the Assyrians ever pronounce the word for “ god ” (‘^N) in connection with the god’s name immediately following in their inscriptions ? I do not believe that the peojile about Harran pronounced it either. Al in the names quoted can scarcely be anything else than the article dl or el, known from Lidzbarski’s list of proper names to have been used iu connection with certain deities. Cf. (“ The Ba‘al ”), (“ The Moon-god ”), etc. The fact that Xashhu and Sin are here still used as appellatives is interesting and important with regard to their meaning and origin. The Ar. article dl or el is also known to occur in certain AVest-Semitic proper names of the 3Iurashil archives. Cf. ^Il-tc-hi-ri-abi (z= *2X"nnC'‘?X, “ The Moon-god is father ”),“ ^Il-te-eh-ri-nuri- (zz “The Moon-god is my light,” the final i in this case being long), and Ba-ri-kiAH-tam-mesh, oc- curing alongside of Ba-rik-kiAShamesh{-7nesh), i.e., “ Blessed of the Sun-god.” The Sun- god ^Il-tara-raesli zz hitherto not identified, occurs in quite a number of M"est- Semitic proper names. Cf. ^Il-ta-mesli-di-i-ni (Strassmaier, Xahueliod. 363, 4), and (witliout the det. of ilu) Il-tani-mesh-na-ta-nu {Xabon. 497 ; 4), Il-tam-mesh-i-la-ai * As AD= abi, SHESH= ahi in West-Semitic proper names. ^ Observe the scriptio plena of the final i in elshehri and my remarks in connection with Hi above. XIV BUSINESS DOCUMENTS OF MUBASHU SONS, {Cyr. 34: 14, cf. also Nahon. 583: 18), I l-iam-mesh-nu-ur {Cyr. 58: 6), and Abi-Il-te- viesh {Nahon. 638 : 4), and (without the article U) ^ Tam-mesh-i-la-ai {Nabon. 554 : 4), Tam-mesh-nuri (82-3-23, 271, 1), and (without the det. ilu) Tam-mesh-na-ta-nu [K. 961 : 15)^ and Tam- mesh- In the last four nientioned names we may also read idiog. Shamesh{-mcsh) instead of the phonetic Tam-mesh. I furthermore call attention to such names as ^Il-te-ri-ha-na-na (Strassmaier, Cyr. 177, 3), Te-ri-hi-li-ia (Vol. X, below), and even the pure Babylonian name Te-iC-nadin-aplu (Johns, l.c., pp. 17, 53, 76) occurring alongside of jShe-ir-nddin-aplu. It seems almost certain that Ter and Uteri are identical with the god Sher[um), known as a local deity of Harran (Johns, I.C., p. 16), but it must remain doubtful for the present, whether in view of the hypok, name Te--ri (V R., 8 : 31) or Te--e-ri (V R., 8 : 65), borne by a prince of Qidri and apparently representing Ar. Sher is to be regarded as a contraction of “ Moon,” or is identical with the Assyrian Sheru — “ Morning-red.” In all prob- ability the two different words were frequently mixed by the Assyrian scribes. Cf. she-hi-ri, as a synon. of she-e-ri, quoted in Delitzsch, Assyr. Haiidwdrterbuch, p. 635. The promiscuous use of sh (pronounced s?) and t (pronounced th^i) as the first radical of and though written with a sibilant in all the Semitic dialects, affords us a welcome glim^ise into the historical process which at an early time in many instances led to definite laws as to the corresponding use of the sibilants and dentals in the differ- ent Semitic dialects. At the same time the peculiar writing of the Sun-god as Il-ta-mesh and Il-te-mesh is important, as it allows us to transliterate ^ UD-3IESH irv West-Seniitic projier names (rendered in Vol. IX as Shamshi — Shamshi in view of the peculiar use of 3IERH as a j^honetic complement discussed above in connection with and in consideration of such frequent writings as S{h)am{ ij)-si-ia-a-bi (doubtless = )S{li)am-si-id-ri, S{h)a.m-si-Ua-ai, etc.) also as Sha{e)mesh{-mesh) or even Tam-mesh, corresponding to Hebrew rather than to Arab, shamsi. Besides ill (and il) occurring most frequently in West-Semitic proper names, as shown above, the 3Iurash(i tablets know of two other West-Semitic words for god, viz., ilai or ilahi, corresiionding to Aram. and Arab, ildhi (Gen.), and iluha, corre- sponding to Hebr. (cf. Baethgen, Beitrdye zur Semitischen Reliyionsyeschichte, pp. 270, ff‘., 297, ff.). For the word ilai “god” (not “my god”), cf. already the names quoted by Johns {A. D. Id., p. 45), I-la-i-a-bi, written also Ila-ai-abi, Nusku-ila-ai, Nahu-ila-ai, S{h.)am-si-ila-ai, and also IJa-ai-ram-mu {Sanh. II, 54). As to ilahi, cf. ' Cf. Pinches in Recueil de Tramux, XIX, pp. i04, f. ^ Cf. Johns, Assyr. Doomsday Book, p. 31. ®Cf. the “form” of <^7Wr, .Johns, Z.c., p. 17, and the same author’s attempt to “read liter, a variant of Is7Uar('l) or ll-tdri, i.e., ‘god of mercy.’ ” DATED IX THE REIGN OF DARIUS II. XV Jlannu-ki-i-hi-lii-i, abbreviated (therefore, the last i lengthened^) from a name like Jlannu-ki-ila/ii-II , “ o is strong like god?” (cf. 3Ian-mt-ki-IsJttar-li’ and 3Iannu-kt- Ashur-li , Johns, A. D. D,, Index). As to iluJia, cf. 3fannu-lu-ha-a (abbreviated^ from a name like 3Iannu-ki-Uuha-U') and also Ha-7na-riAli-uHi^—'r\i7^'~'^'!2'k}- In the list ot gods tound in Yol. IX, pp. 76, f., Idma occurring frequently at the end ot Hebrew names (cf. IX, p. 27), and regarded by Prof Clay “as the Babylonian equivalent ot the contracted form of the tetragrammaton,” was left out intentionally. Xotwithstanding all that has been said in favor of such a comparison, I am unable to recognize any god in idma. Frequently as it occurs, not even once the det. for ilu preeeiles it. Y henever the cuneiform inscriptions transliterate a Hebr. yiq whether at the beginning or end of a name, they invariably write la-u, la-a-u, la-a-hu, "^la-hu-u, ^la-a-hu-u (ct. Zimniern, K. A. T.^ pp. 465, IF.). Idma at the end of West-Semitic names, like Ahi-ia-a-ma, is nothing but the Hebrew ending D’,^ which in all jD’obability is a “Weiferbildung'' of H’ or X' by adding an emphatic Q or ma. For, cf. Hebr. ( King.s) alongside of HpN* (Chronicles), a name borne by the same person. In a number ot cases iT doubtless is an abbreviation of the god 1,15 but in many instances it is surely nothing else than the common Semitic Rufe-sujjix ia, which at the bottom may be identical with the vocative particle id in Arabic. As I expect to develop my view with regard to Semitic hypokoristika more fully at another place,^ I abstain from entering into a discussion of this subject in this Preface, being satisfied with the general statement that abbreviated Semitic names are commonly characterized by a lengthening of the last vowel of the last retained element of the name or by the addition of the particle id (corresponding to onr “ he {da) ” in German) frequently strengthened by an additional emphatic consonant m, n, t. This Rufe-suffix apparently has nothing to do with the suff. of the first person sing, (.so-called Kose-suffix”). It rather originated in connection with an effort on the part of the sjieaker to reach the ear of a person somewhat distant from him. In order to attract his attention he necessarily held the last vowel longer, i.e., empha-sized it. * Instead of the lengthening of the last vowel (Abdi, Abdd, Zabdi, Zabdd, Tdbi, nj’O or ND'D, etc.) we also find the Rufe-iuffix ia OT id (cf. e.g. fA-di-ia-a, Y E. 8 : 24, Abdi-ia (IX) Ta-bi-id and ripio. Cf. also ifanna-ak'ir-dJsJi-tar-ia, p. 5b, below, which should not be translated “who is like my Ishtar,” the in not belonging to Ishtar, but to the whole name in its shortened form). ’The lengthening of the last vowel a again is the substitute for the dropping of the last word. The Aram, docket . . . - has preserved the of mbx. For the freciuent omission of ki in this class of proper names, cf. Mannu-Bil-h/itin, below, Mannu-ahe (.Johns, Ass^. Deeds, Vol. Ill, p. 406) alongside of Mannu-ki-ahe, and Johns, Assyr. Doomsday Book, p. 42. ’Therefore to be separated from pure Babylonian names like BH-abu-ua, Nergal-ri-su-u-a. *On this whole question cf. .lastrow, reprint from Journal of Biblical Literature, pp. 114, ft'. *In many important details my view is identical with that of Lidzbarski, Ephemeris, II, pp. 1-23. XVI BUSINESS DOCUMENTS OF MURASHU SONS. A word remains to be said with regard to the three Aramaic dockets containing the jn’onnnciation of tlie god NINIB, for which we searched hitherto in vain (cf. pp. 8, f.). Prof. Clay j^ointed out certain difficulties which prevented his arriving at more positive results. There are a few tablets more which show very faint traces of one or more of the letters constituting the god’s name. From a careful examination of the three inscriptions here treated, I have come to the conclusion that the third character can only be “I, while the last letter is not but probably 11, the eighth letter in the Hebrew alphabet. On No. 29 of the ciuieiform texts it is well preserved. If the scribe had made the mistake assumed on p. 8, he would doubtless have erased the very pronounced additional line on the tablet. I am also inclined to read a 11 on the original of No. 87, while the unpub- lished tablet (C. B. M., No. 5508), where the character seems a more pronounced H, cannot be regarded as decisive, because the very faint inscrijDtion is not incised but only drawn with a black fluid (jiartly covered by other black spots) on the surface. It is so faint that it could not be reproduced satisfactorily by means of photography. I therefore jn-opose to regard as the Aramaic equivalent of NINIB, which at once recalls the ideograph-writing NIN-SHAH “ lord of the boar ” and the Syriac (on which cf. Jensen, Kosmologie, and Hrozny, Mytlienvon dem Gotte Ninrag. If this reading be accepted, the Biblical N'lsrok seems to be the same god, the two letters 1 and being transposed in order to facilitate the pronunciation. As to the relation of the god NINIB to the wild boar, cf. Zimmern, K. A. T.^ and Jensen in K. B. V., 1, p. 538, and Kflchler, Assyr. Iledicin. A votive object in terra-cotta from Nij»pur repre- senting a wild boar was 2 :)ublished in Vol. IX. Another very remarkable terra-cotta was discovered there in the course of the fourth expedition. It represents a sow with her litter of sucking jiigs and on her a wild boar. There can be little doubt that this strange votive object, which I expect to discuss in another jilace, stands in close relation to Ninil>, after Bt^l the most important god worshiped at Nippur. H. V. Hilprecht. June 1, 1904. PEEFACE. Volume IX of Series A of the Babylonian Expedition of the University of Penn- sylvania has been in the hands of Assyriologists for over six years. The special title of the volume. “ Business Dacnments of i\Inrashh Sons of Nippur,” is also used for this volume, as the material here published is a continuation of tliat which appeared in Vol. IX. The work had been announced to appear under the same names, but the Editor, after I had copied the texts, granted me the privilege of publishing these inscrijjtions under my own name. As was stated in the Introduction to Vol. IX (p. 26ff.), the names of foreign peoples mentioned in these texts are very nnmerons. By the help of Lidzbarski’s Handbuch der Xordsemitischen Epigraphik, which gives an extended list of Semitic, Egyptian and other names, written in the Aramaic character, and also Jnsti’s Iranisches Xaiiiertbuch, I succeeded in identifying a large number of these foreign names. Tlie Index to the latter work even enables one who has no knowledge of Persian to give an approximately close translation. The Editor succeeded in adding also a goodly number to this list. His identifications and comparisons are distinguished from my own by being inclo.sed in brackets, thus : [ — Ed.]. Several were also identified by Dr. Enno Litt- mann, of Princeton, whose valuable assistance is duly indicated. I want to acknowledge also my indebtedness to the list of names in Jolin’s Assyrian Deeds and Documents, and also his Doornsda . Boole, wliich offer extensive material for unlimited comparison and the elucidation of these names. On April the ninth, 1904, Mr. Edward AV. Clark, the honored Chairman of onr Babylonian Section of the Department of Archeology, who has also been in recent years the Chairman of the Babylonian Exj^edition of the University of Pennsylvania, was called to his rest. ^Ir. Clark was a pioneer, and a very generous promoter of this work. In grateful appreciation and profound respect is this volume dedicated to his memory. It affords me pleasure to express my heartfelt gratitude to the Provost, Dr. C. C. Harrison; the Vice-Provost, Prof. Edgar F. Smith; the President of the Department, XVlll BUSINESS DOCUMENTS OF MURASHU SONS, Mrs, Cornelius Stevenson, Sc.D., and all the members of the Board of Managers of the Arclneological Department, for their kind sujiport and interest in facilitating the prepara- tion of this volume ; and especially to Mr. Eckley B. Coxe, Jr., for his generosity in providing the funds necessary to publish it. I desire also to acknowledge here, with gratitude, the painstaking oversight, and the many helpful and important suggestions of the Editor, Prof. H. V. Hilprecht, whereby the value of this work has been enhanced ; the many acts of kindness on the part of Prof. Morris Jastrow, Jr,, the Librarian of the University, and the profit- able discussions and delightful associations of Dr. Hermann Ranke, the Harrison Research Fellow in Assyriology. My thanks are also due Dr. Victor Dippell for furnishing desired passages from his list of unpublished Neo-Babylonian proper names, referred to as [Dippel Name List]-, to Prof. Amos P. Brown for his analysis of Babylonian clay ; Prof. E. G. Conklin for deter- mining the species of animals mentioned ; Dr. W. H. Ward for his kindness in loaning photographs of Oriental water machines ; E. Aug, Miller, Esq., for valuable assistance rendered in connection with legal terms ; Dr. Julius F. Sachse for some photographic experiments, endeavoring to secure results not visible to the eye, and to Mr, William AVitte, our Assistant, for his untiring efforts to obtain the excellent photographs used for the half-tone plates. To all I extend my hearty thanks. After the Introduction and most of the Concordance of Proper Names had gone through the press, I found a fourth tablet (C. B. M., No. 5514), which contains the name of the god Ninib in Aramaic. As there is a difference of opinion as to the reading of two of the characters it may be convenient for the reader to see the four different writings placed together for comparison. No. 29 No. 87 No. No. .5514 As to the possibility of the last character being anything else but a il I have never entertained a thought (cf. the list of characters, p. 72). The third character cannot so easily be disposed of. The former two, owing to the slight effacement at the left corner DATED IX THE REIGN OF DARIUS II, XIX of the second and tlie peculiar cliaracter of the first, left me in doubt. Preference was given to for Xo. 20, and T for No. 87 (see p. 8). But I now feel after a final consid- eration that the character in question is in each case, in all probability, a 1. In No. 87 in "^122* is made different (cf. also the enlarged jihotograph on PI. IX). The character in the last three is 1 (cf. the list of characters, p. 72). The peculiarly made one in the first (which can really be either "I- ")• £3 or I), I now also regard as a y In fact it is the usual way 1 appears not only in the Old and Middle Phoenician, and Punic, but in the Aramaic inscriptions from EgAqit, Arabia, Asia Minor and Mesojiotamia, cf. Lidzbarski’s yordsemitische EpigraphiJc Atlas. Furthermore, it is the way ■) usually appears in Aramaic endorsements on clay tablets, exclusive of the Murashu documents, cf. Steven- son, and Bab. Contracts, pp. 115, 117, 122, 129, 133, 145 and especially 148. Cf. also C. B. 51., 3552. Until, therefore, more light is thrown upon the subject I prefer to read that character 1, and the name Even after this I am unfortunately not prepared to express a more definite opinion as to the understanding of this curious Aramaic equivalent of Xinib. In the search for an explanation it must be kejit in mind that ^ may represent the Babylonian m. At the last moment also I was able to determine a cuneiform sign, in doubt, read UB{2). Cf. Ashar-UB(?)-{bn,i. The name occurs besides 23 : 17, on C. B. M, No. 5515 : 2, and Const. Ni. 605 : 14. In the absence of anything better, although UR{LIK) in not a single instance is made like this sign, I read it UR ?, but placed it in the Sign List as a different character, cf. No. 214. The editorial note at the bottom of p. 41 prompted a further investigation of the subject, and I now pronounce it to be the Neo-Babylonian form of the sign given in Delitzsch’s Les. 4, p. 135, as No. 327“. This character has the value harndniu, and as there is a name Nabu-ha-arn-me-ildni, “ Nebo is the regent of the gods,” II., Rawlinson, 64: 48, until something better is jifoposed, I offer as the reading of the name in C|uestion : Ashur-hamme-ibni, “ Ashur has created a regent,” which is similar in meaning to the common Bel-shar-ibni. In connection with my explanation, in the Introduction, that AN-3IESII in 5Vest Semitic names was read and that they do not contain the first person pronominal suffix, I want to call attention to the readings la-ash-ma-ah-'i-cl, C. B. 51. 1352 : 17 ; also Ia-o.h-za-ar-iIu{AX), Ranke, Personal Names, with la-ah-za-ar-'i-il, C. B. 51., 1235, which show that el was the pronunciation of the word for god also in the 55Tst Semitic names of the early Babylonian period. On the last page, beside the corrections and additions to this volume, I have added a number of corrections to the text of Vol. IX. Albert T. Clay. ¥" ■ f.*\ .j'i -\ !( INTRODUCTION. The account of the discovery of these tablets by Dr. J. H. Haynes, in 1893, at the beginning of the third campaign of the Babylonian Expedition of the University of Pennsylvania, is related by Professor Hilprecht in his Introduction to Series A, Vol. IX (p. 13), and in Series D, Yol. I, The Excavations in Assyria and Babylonia (pp. 408, ff.). The tablets, -which are simply sun dried, are made of a very smooth clay. It is free from grit, which was removed by washing, preparatory to its use for tablet making. This has increased its adhesive power, so that the tablets have the appearance of being baked, ^ offering an exceedingly smooth surface for the writing.^ ^lost of them are more or less covered with black spots or stains. These do not affect the legibility of the cuneiform -writing, but, unfortunately, when they cover the Aramaic “ dockets,” which are written with a similar color, they render them valueless. The color used for the dockets, under the microscope, appears to be otlier than that which caused the stains. ® A large number of the tablets are more or less flat on the obverse, while the reverse is convex. This is especially noticeable in the larger documents, and is due to the fact that the scribe rested the clay tablet, which increases in thickness towards the ’In Vol. IX it was stated that they were baked, cf. pp. 13 and 79. ’Cf. Zehnpfund, Uher babylonische assyrische Tafelschreibung, Stockholm Congress, Leyden, 1893, Vol. II, p. 272. ’Examined by Professor Amos P. Brown, of the University of Pennsylvania, to whom I submitted tablets spotted with the black substance, and also several kinds of clay from Nippur. He writes: “The black stain that appears upon the tablets seems to be composed of hydroxides of manganese and iron, probably somewhat like the mineral called wad. It is probably formed upon the surface of the tablet by the precipitation of the iron and manganese from solution in water from the soil ; the precipitation being brought about by the composition of the clay of the tablet. I have examined the clay of the Murashu fragments. It contains 32.75,'^ of calcium carbonate. This has caused the precipitation wTiich is merely superficial, and only penetrates the tablets wfiien they are porous.” “The use of a clay containing chalk (a marl) was no doubt due to the observation that such clay did not contract strongly or shrink and crack upon drying out. This is due to the fact that the chalk is not hydrous, and will not take up water in combination. The clay weiglit of the same age, which was submitted, showed 29.0-7% of chalk and was made of crude natural clay, containing much gnt and sand, which, however, if washed out would show about the same percentage of chalk as the Murashu fragments. The clay of the Cassite period, while thoroughly washed, showed but 28% of chalk, which indicated that it was from a different source.” 2 BUSINESS DOCUMENTS OF MURASHU SONS, center, upon something, while it was soft, when he inscribed it. In writing the obverse, with the tablet lying upon a stand, the under side was flattened out. When the tablet was turned over, and the reverse written, the obverse was flattened, in which shape it remained. In Vol. IX a tablet is dated on the seventeenth day of Shabdtu in the forty-first year of Artaxerxes I. Of the tablets here published, one is dated on that day, and three previous to it, in the year of the accession of his successor, Darius II. In other words, the first tablet of the latter’s reign was written on the fourth day of Shabdtu, i.e., thirteen days j^revious to the seventeenth, given as the last date known in the reign of Artaxerxes I. How can this apparent discrepancy be explained ? The scribe made a mistake. Either the tablet belongs to the fortieth year, and, by mistake, he began to write the determina- tive for man liefore he had written kan, which he neglected to erase ; or having been accustomed, for so many years, to date tablets in the reign of Artaxerxes, in writing this tablet he failed to remember that a new king had begun to reign. Not taking this tablet into consideration, therefore, the last of those published iu Vol. IX, dated in the forty-first year of Artaxerxes, was written on the twelfth day of Kislhnu. Another un- published tablet, however, of the forty-first year of Artaxerxes (C.B.M. 5310) is dated on the third of Shabdtu, which is the day previous to the one on which the first tablet was dated in the reign of Darius II., i.e., the fourth of Shabdtu. If this dating is correci Darius II., iu all probability, began to reign on the third or fourth day of Shabdtu. It was stated in Vol. IX that all the tablets of these archives were written during the reign of Artaxerxes I. (4G4-424 B.C.) and Darius II.' (423-405 B.C.). This is true with the exception of one tablet, Vol. IX, No. 1, which belongs to the reign of Artaxerxes II., as can now lie 2)roved by the new material at our disposal. The name of the scribe who wrote Nos. 130, 131 and 132 of the present volume is Nidintum-Bel, the son oi‘ Nimbuid din. These are leases of sheep and goats, written for Bel-supe-muh ur, agent of Arsliam (cf. p. 4), and dated in the eleventh and thirteenth years of Darius II. One of the witnesses mentioned is Bel-ddnu, son of Bel-bullitsu. The contents of Vol. IX, No. 1, dated in the first year of Artaxerxes II., are quite similar to these documents. The name of the scribe is the same. The names of the agent, his master or employer, and the witness mentioned are the same. Between the first year of Artaxerxes I. and the thir- teenth of Darius II. there are fifty-three years. That the same combination of agent, client, scribe and witness should occur in documents relating to the same kind of affairs, 'For the different wa 3 rs tlie name is written, cf. “The Concordance of Proper Names.’’ I>a-riia-a-mxtsli, in these documents, occurs most frequently. Considering that tlie Babylonian in here stands for w (cf. Haupt, Z. A., II, p. 269), this closely reproduces the Persian Ddrayawa{h)ush. Cf. also Aapciwo^. and the Biblical A docket on No. 78 contains wliicli more closely represents the pnmunciation of the Persian than the Biblical. DATED rx THE REIGN OF DARIUS II. which were dated littv-three years apart from each other, is a coincidence too peeidiar to l>e probable. Then, also, every tablet discovered in these archives can be shown to belong either to the Murasliii family, or to those who were in some way connected with their business.^ Bel-supe-muhur, in Vol. IX, 99 ; 5, is referred to as the ardu and paqdu of Bi-I-nddin-shumu. In Vol. X, 126 : 10, he is the ardu sha Rtmut-Ninih. In the texts under consideration, which are dated several years later than any lielonging to the Mnrashh Sons, he appears as the paqdu of Arsham, as in V ol. IX, 1 : 2. Tlie relations of these documents with those of the Mnrashu Sons, and the similarity of their contents, are certainly not compatible with the idea that Bel-supe-inuhur leased sheep while in the service of Arsham ; afterwards became the servant of Bel-nddin-sluimu, and later of Bbnut-yinib ; and again is found in Arshani’s service and business fifty-three yeai-s after the time he is first mentioned. If Darius II. ruled twenty years, only eight years would intervene between the date of the last tablet of these texts and the first year of Artaxerxes II., which, in consideration of the above, is without doubt the time when the tablet in question was Avritten. In other ivords, instead of iilaeing this document as the first in chronological order, it must be regarded as being the last. All the tablets published in the following pages ivere Avritten during the reign of Darius II., including Xos. 105 and 106, Avhich do not bear the name of the ruler in whose reign they Avere inscribed. That the latter, hoAvever, are properly classified as Ix-longing to the time of Darius II., becomes evident from the folloAving considerations. In the text proiier of both tablets, reference is made to the sixth year of a king, Avhose name is not given, because Avell-knoAvn to the parties concerned. The tablets them- seh'es Avere Avritten in the interests of Bibdt, servant of Rimut-Nvmb. As neither Ribdt nor Rundt-Ximb is mentioned in the documents dated before the thirty-fifth year of Artaxerxes I., Avhile both figure })rominently in the contracts belonging to the early years of Darius II., it folloAvs that the sixth year referred to is that of Darius II. In the introduction to Vol. IX (p. 14, f.) it Avas shoAvn that most of the business traiLsacted in the tablets, dated in the reign of Artaxerxes I., aauis in the interest of tAvo sons of Murashd, Bel-hdtiti and Bel-uddin-shivruu ; that the former is not mentioned in the documents after 437 B.C.; that eight years later his son Rhndt-Ninib, referred to on the same tablet as the son of Murashd, as Avell as of Bel-hdtin, appears for the first time as a creditor in those transactions ; that a son of Bel-nddin-shumu, Avhose name Avas Murashd, is referred to as the creditor in tAvo tablets, and finally that a son of Bel-hddin, a\4io also bore the name of Murashd, is mentioned in Const. Ni. 525. In the texts here published, dated in the reign of Darius II., Bel-nddin-shumu, the most prominently mentioned in A^ol. IX, continues to appear as the chief creditor, until ‘Cf. Introduction, Vol. IX, p. 14, and p. 4 of the present volume. 4 BUSINESS DOCUMENTS OF MUKASHU SONS, the second day of Tishri of the eighth year (416 B.C.), after which his name does not again occur. In other words, with the exception of six documents, the first fifty-seven are written in his interest. Of these six tablets,^ four, Nos. 29, 43, 44 and 52, belong to Rimut-Ninib. Tlie name of Rimut-Ninib, after the disappearance or death of Bel- nddin-shumu, occurs in fifty-seven of the remaining documents as the chief creditor. The others, namely, thirteen, with the exception of No. 129, which is written in the interest of Murashd, son of Bel-ndditi-shu-mu, are ascribed to his servants and his ser- vant’s servant. “ The last three tablets here published (130, 131 and 132) not only introduce a differ- ent kind of business,^ but they also are written in the interest of a man, Arsham by name, who apparently was not connected with the family. The only way to account for the presence of these documents among the archives of this family is to identify his agent Bel-supd-muhur with the ardu and paqdii of Bel-nddin-shumu, and later the ardu of Rimut-Nlnib ( cf. p. 2). The first of these tablets is dated three and one-half years after the last one of the Murashu family. As stated, most of the documents were written for members of the Iliirashu family. A number of them were inscribed in the interest of their servants. Whether they trans- acted business entirely for themselves, or in the interest of their employers is not stated. Each document is drawn up in the interest of one particular person. The fact, however, as was stated in Introduction to Vol. IX, p, 14, “ that an officer who presents an order to Bel-hdtin receives his payment from Bel-nddin-shumu that the sons of 3Iurashu acted as agents for the crown ; that the employes of one member of the family are found later in the service of another, and also that a number of documents were written in the interest of their servants, some of whom we know acted as agents, show not only that most of these archives lielong to the different members of the Murashu family and their servants, but also that intimate business relations existed among them. 'No. 10 is a bond for the release from prison made with Tirirakammu, the bond-servant of BH-naiUn-shumu. No. 55 is a partnersliip contract between Ninib-muhalUt, son of MmUczih and Adgishiri-zabdu, son of Bel-erib. In No. 78, we learn that Ninib-mub) is vocalic, names like U-ru-mil-ki (cf. K. B., II, p. 90), etc., might be compared. If it is to be considered consonantal, the reading Amuvru = Amurru ( cf. r= Bhamash, — DaTijamush ) seems to be suggestive. The god 31AR-TU (for whose pronunciation as Amurru, cf. Jensen, Z. A., XI, 303 f.) is called bG-shadi (cf. KUR-GAL — shadu- rahu). Besides names like '^KUR-GAL-na-ta-nu, JVhi., 497 : 3 (Dippel, Name List)^ '^KVR-GAL-sha-ma- , Nbk., 42 : 5, seem to show that “IIN, just like '^MAR-TU — Amurru, was a foreign deity. But since at present no conclusive evidence is at hand, I prefer to transliterate the name of the deity "^KUR-GAL. The names to be expected in Aramaic, if endorsements are preserved on Nos. 29 and 87, are '^NIN-IB-uhallit and 'NJN-IB-iddiua respectively. The former contains and the latter (Cf. also PI. IX.) Another tablet, which is uiqmblished ( C. B. M., No. 5508 ), gives one of the same names, written with black fiuid, Unfortunately, a black stain has obliterated the character in doubt, but what remains gives us additional assurance that the first letter is N, and that the last two are surely Between these two charactei-s, on tablet 29, there is a shortline. Apparently the scribe, in writing ^ after he had begun to make the extreme left line, appreciated the fact that it was too far removed from the balance of the character, so he drew a fine line in the proj)er position to complete it. ^ Taking no account of this line, the character wdiich follows is a perfect n, as it is also on the other two documents (cf. Nos. 29 and 87, also PI. IX). It is to be noted that the character before ^ is not made exactly the same on the two tablets, upon which it is preserved. In No. 29 it appears to be a “i or perhaps “ 1 ; in No. 87 it is either a 1 or “i. Uj) to the present I have searched in vain for some- thing in the cuneiform literature with which to comixire this name. However, this much [For a different view, cf. “Editorial Preface.” — Ed.] DATED IX THE EEIGX OF DAEIUS II. 9 is certain, the Aramaic endorsements show that tlie pronunciation of the name of the gOit, in this age. has nothing to do with Adar, Ninib, Ninrag or Nisi'ok} It may be urged by some that tlie names of these gods, reproduced in Aramaic, represent foreign deities which were considered as equivalents to the Babylonian gods, XIX-IB and KUE-GAL. As we have in these “dockets” a fiiithful reproduction of the pronunciation of the names of Babylonian gods with which we are familiar, e.g., Bel. in names, is written (Nos. 60, 99, 104, 115, 116 and 131); Mar- duk. (No. 121) ; Nabu, (Nos. 119, 120 and IX, 71); Nana, (No. 106); Shamash. (No. 116),- it is not very likely that such would be the case, and especi- ally with regard to XIX-IB, one of the patron deities of Nippur, where the tablets were found. AVhat is the purpose of these inscriptions scratched or written upon the tablets ? Rawliuson, who jniblished the first collection as early as 1864, said: “The docket as might be supposed usually describes the nature of the deed, but sometimes it merely gives the name of the party disposing of his property.” While there are no deeds of sale among these documents containing Aramaic inscriptions, the idea expressed by Rawlinson seems to be in strict accordance with the contents of the “ dockets.” They were filing endorsements or ready references for the keeper of the archives. But why are these “dockets” not written in cnneiform, the regular script of the Babylonian language ? As mentioned above, traces of Aramaic writing are seen on at least thirty-five of the tablets here published, or in other words nearly one-third of the entire number. As some of those written with a black fiuid have almost completely disappeared, there is every reason to believe that a great many more originally contained “ dockets.” Nat- urally, after the tablet was hard, it would be difficult to make such a “reference note ” in cuneiform, but, as has been shown, at least the incised “dockets” were written at the same time when the documents were made. Then, also, it is quite possible to conceive of the desirability of having such a “docket” in another writing which would be readily recognized, and at the same time offer no confusion in the closely written document. This would imply, however, a knowledge of an additional language on the part of the archivarius. But does it not rather point more strongly to the fact that the endorsements * Hrozny, Mythen ton dem Gotte Ninray, p. 81, f. ^Cf. also Lidzbarski, Epigrapltik, p. 295. ^Consisting of seventeen sliort inscriptions and dockets, Journal of the Eoyal Asiatic Society, 1864, Yol. I. X. S., p. 189 ; cf. also Corpus Tnscripjtionura Semiticarmn, Pars Secunda, Tomus I. Stevenson, in a handy volume, Assyrian find BfjJjylonian C'crfirac/*, has collected all “dockets” published, with a few exceptions, and in addition presents for the first time ten not previously published. His volume contains in all forty-seven “dockets” and short inscriptions. 10 BUSINESS DOCUMENTS OF MUEASHU SONS, are written in tlie tongue of the record keeper, or even in the language of the man in whose interest the documents were inscribed ? In connection with the above, the facts whicli follow should be taken into considera- tion. The Assyrian officials in the time of Sennacherib spoke Aramaic, according to the episode with the representatives of Hezekial], related in II Kings, 18 ; 26, f. The Hebrews, in all probability, spoke the Aramaic language after their return from Baby- lonia.^ Aramaic was used for filing endorsements as above, some of which are dated as early as the time of Sennacherib. Bricks, containing legends of kings in Aramaic, similar to those inscribed in cuneiform, besides quite a number of inscribed seals, weights, etc., have been found in Babylonia and Assyria. More than one-half of the contracts, in con- nection Avith the Murashu Sons, ivere made with persons bearing West Semitic names." The lists of names in the documents of botli volumes show that about one-third of them are foreign, a goodly number of which are West Semitic. Taking these things into consid- eration, are ive not impressed with the fact that the Aramaic language ivas very exten- sively used in Babylonia at this time?^ Furthermore, it is quite natural to conjec- ture, at least, that the Aramaic in this period ivas the language of a large percentage of the common people in Ni^Apur, and that the Babylonian language, while still spoken, Avas on the decline, although for centuries it continued to some extent to be the literary and legal language of the country, as Avas the case with the Sumerian, long after it ceased to 1)6 sjAoken. PALAEOGRAPHY. A list of all the signs and variants, giving the ideographic and syllabic values in use in the documents of both volumes, Avill be found immediately preceding the plates con- taining tlie texts. The values are attached so that a comparison as regards the use of the signs in this period may be made Avith tliose of other jAeriods. Naturally in some cases, when tlie position of the Avedges in a character Avas only slightly altered, discretion as to its value in the list Avas exercised. Completeness as regards the values attached to the signs has also been aimed at, but as there are certain jiassages and combinations of char- acters in both volumes as yet not intelligible to me, especially as regards their ju’onuncia- tion, I do not claim that the list is perfect. 1. In the Introduction to Vol. IX, p. 20, attention Avas called to the peculiar writing '[The Editor holds with Kautzsch {Grmnmatik dcs Biblisch-Aramaischen, % 4, Wilhelm Gesenius’ Ilebrdische Grajnmalik, § 2, section 7) and other scholars, Ijiat the Hebrew continued to he spoken in Palestine till the third pre- Christian century. — Ed ] great many AA^esteru Semites adopted Babylonian names (cf. Intro., Vol. IX, p. 28, f.). ^ Cf. AVinckler, Oeschiclite Bah. u. Ass., p. 179. DATED IX THE REIGN OF DARIUS II. 11 of the sign in the words “ min-dt-ti” “ ib-di-qa,” and the fre) That the scribes Avhen they Avrote IhR did not intend to represent anything that even had the apjiearance of the suffix, is conclusively shoAvn by tAAm Aramaic dockets. For Ra.-ki-im-ilR^ the scribe Avrote on tablet No. (58 ; and on No. 5506 (Catalogue, B. M.) for Ila-za-’-lliR, is Avritten in Aramaic SNiTH, exactly as in the Old Testament. In other AA’ords AA"- IlEbSH in these names, AAdiich in Hebrew have as the second element, stands for nothing else than Is there any plausible explanation for this peculiar Avriting ? It is to be observed also that Assyrian scribes in writing these foreign names, Avhether is the first element or the final, made no effort to indicate that there was a suffix, e.g., Ilu-gah-ri, Ilu-a.-ka-hi, Ilu-id-ri, Ilu-na-ta-ni, Gah-ri-ilu, la-a-di-ilu, etc., cf. lists in Jolin’s Doomsdag Book, and Deeds and Documents. Taking into consideration also the fact tliat in West Semitic names of these texts is found more frequently than Bainmun, Gala, Nana, Ac,., in Baliy Ionian names; and that the scribes, in all proba- bility, kncAV that the HebreAV Avord for God, Avas plural, " is it not natural to supjiose that the Babylonian scribes in their efforts to distinguish betAA^een ilu and 'Cf. Jensen, Z. A., Vol. I, p. 189. ^Cf. the use oi iluvl as singular in the I'ell-el-Amarna letters, Barton, American Oriental Society’s Proceedings, April, 1892, p. exevi. DATED IX THE REIGN OF DARIUS II. 13 the Hebrew ‘7N introduced this combination of signs, AN-3IESII, which carried with it the idea of plnrality? In the light of wliat precedes in connection with the introduction of new values for signs, this theory finds support and becomes jjlausible.^ 8. In Strassmaier's publications of contract literature a character very similar in appearance to occurs several hundred times." Tallquist reads it c.s-w, “ Holz.” He also quotes a passage in which it occurs, Strass., Nbn., 1G4 : 8, which he reads “• ushparu pmi," cf. Die Sprache der Contracte Nahii-nn' id’ s, pp. 49, 140. Zehnpfund reads the name ’’ushparu isu, “ Bastweber,” cf. B. A., Vol. I, p. 496. In another place he reads i.pi “AVerg," cf. B. A., Yol. I, p. 498. This sign appears as a determinative for the frequently occurring kibsu, shalhu and hullanu. Helitzsch, reading the sign as the determinative i.pi, translates “ Schemel,” “ hcilzernes Tempelgerath ” and “ Ruhe- lager “ respectively ; cf. also Meissner, Supplement, p. 14, isu — “ Werg.’’ Reiser, KeiUnschriftliehe Bibiiothek, IV, p. 236, f, reads three hundred qdtdti sha isu, “ drei- hnndert Spannen Holz.” The failure to recognize that this so-called character GISH is none other than the Babylonian GAD has caused the difficulties. In the passages quoted, and in many others, it has the value kitu, “clothing material.” Zehnpfund rightly says, notwithstanding he reads the sign as the determinative isu, that “ alle drei 'Wurter bezeichnen Teile der babyl. Kleidnng,” for they frequently appear in the “ Weherreelmungen." "With ^^^Giu-id-la-nu, Strass., Nbn., 78 : 3, 8, compare ^’hul-la-nv ,N . R., 61, col. V, 45. That GAD is made in early Babylonian texts in a similar manner, cf. Z. A., HI, p. 210. That it is exactly the Neo-Babylonian form of the sign, cf. Yol. IX, GO"" : line 15, with line 24. The few occurrences of the sign in these texts would indicate that jierhaps a distinguishing characteristic is to be recognized in the lower horizontal wedge protruding more to the left than the upper. This is also noticeable in a number of iustaiices in Strassmaier’s texts. It is probable that Strassmaier, according to his method of copying, after having recognized the sign as isu, usually wrote it without any regard for its actual form. 4. Hommel, in his Surnerische Lesestucke, rightly wrote the ideogram for uniku, SAL-ASH-QAB. Helitzsch later, in his llandwdrterbueh, reads SU-QAR. Radau, Early Babylonian History, p. 348, follows Hommel, but says SAL-ASH in modern Babylonian script are written together and pronounced SU. If he meant that SAL- ASH \n Assyrian being considered as one sign was equal to SU, he would be correct. In N eo-Babylonian SU is written differently (cf. Sign LAst, No. 236). That Hommel is ’ [A different theory from that of Prof. Clay will be found in the Editorial Preface.— Ed.] q Thi.s character was already identified as Icitu in my former lecture courses on Strassmaier’s text publica- tions, and again in my first interpretation of Vol. IX, winter 1898-99, which, however, were not attended by Dr. Clay, as he was instructor in O. T. Theology in Chicago during these years ; cf. also Vol. IX, 65 ; 20, f. for another occurrence of the sign. — Ed.] 14 BUSINESS DOCUMENTS OF MURASHU SONS, right in his disposition of the signs is determined by the writing of the ideogram in these texts. SAL-ASH-QAB, cf. 130 : 4, jjossAn. 5. In the name list of Vol. IX the son of Ardi-Ninib, occurring 49 : 18 and 53 : 18, is read Ni mhai\B IL-DAR-ai). The same name occurs 108 : 14 (where the text was not given correctly^). In the inscriptions here published the name occurs 45 : 20 and 61 : 20. The second character, however, does not seem to be DAB, which is made quite differently in these text^. Cf Sign List, No. 32 with 222. It might be urged that as the sign in question is approximately similar to DAB of the old Babylonian texts, or the so-called “hieratic” of the Neo-Babylonian period, cf C. T. B. T., 3 : 14 (13891), C. T. B. T., 3 : 39, 1. B., 56 : 47 : 25, and Hilprecht, 0. B. I., Part I, 84:16, it was made in imitation of these. While several of the scribes who wrote the tablets, occasionally increased or decreased the number of parallel wedges, which made them similar, in some respects, to signs of an earlier period,® this would be the only instance where an older or “ hieratic ” character was imitated if it had a different form. Thronghont the whole list of characters used in these texts there is not a single sign ivhicli is made in two entirely different ways. Then, also, five different scribes wrote this name, and in the five texts where it occurs, none of the above peculiarities exist. The sign which most closely resembles the one under consideration is KIBBUD. Cf Delitzsch, Nss. Lesestucke, 3d Ed., S.^*, p. 58, also Strass., Dar., 430 : 6. For KIBB UD in names of gods, cf ^'DU-KIB-BUD-KU, King, Babylonian Ilagic and Sorcery, 12 : 24, and ^LDGAL- KIBBUD(:t), 12: 25. 6. The ideogram for abarakku (cf. Sign List, No. 162) is not to be read SHL- DM (Delitzsch, Ilandivbrterbuch, p. 12), nor shiuni {Lntroductioyi, Vol. IX, p. 47 ), as it is composed of SHI-DUB. In Assyrian the latter sign occasionally has only three per- 2'»endicular wedges, making it similar to U2L, cf //. B., 31, 56, c., but cf. Delitzsch, Les., 3d Ed., p. 134. In Neo-Babylonian Vd/ and DUB cannot be confused as they are made quite differently. In these texts SHL in several instances is accompanied by the dual sign, cf. 60:3; 124 : 4. This may throw some light on the meaning of the word. As has been known the abarakku was a royal officer, cf also Vol. IX, 59 : 14. In the same volume, tablet No. 32, he gives an order for the restitution of j^roperty, and in No. 39, for the collection of rent. Taking the ideogram into consideration it seems possible tliat originally the office was something like “ Archivarius ” or “ Keeper of the Seal.” iCf. Sicjn List, No. 86% for BIL as it appears on Uie tablet, am indebted to Professor Iloinmel for tliese two references. ■*Cf. Introduction, Vol. IX, p. 18, § 4, and the Si(jn List of tliis volume. DATED IX THE EEIGN OF DAKIUS II. lo PEOPER NAMES. The same general rules observed in Yol. IX for the transliteration of verbal forms in proper names written ideographically, are followed in the Concordance of this volume. Tlie transliterations of certain hypokoristica, however, have been made to conform according to what follows. Throughout the Xeo-Babylouian contract literature there are hundreds of names containing a verbal form, to which is attached the sign A having the value ajjlu, etc., e.g., SZ-A, BA-$HA-A, SE-XA-A, KAK-A. Some Assyriologists read these names Erha-aplu, Iqisha-apJu, Iddina-aplu, Ibni-apla, while others read Iqishd, Iddind, etc. ^ ery strong reasons speak against the transliteration of aqdu in these names. There is a jx'*ssibility that names of this class are abbreviations of those which contained verbal form -p substantive + deity, like Li-nu-uh-Ub-bi-ildni, 91 : 18 ; Eu-mur-dum-qi-'^Bel, Strass., Xbn.. 509 : 3 ; or, I'-sur-a-rnat-'^Ea, Strass., Camb., 245 ; 14, but formations of this character are exceedingly rare, and the verb is usually the imperative or the pre- cative. It cannot be said that they represent names, which originally contained verb + deity + substantive, the middle element of which has been dropped, because such forma- tions do not occur. The same is true, if it should be urged, that in the shortening of names the order of the elements was reversed, as such a change has not been proved to have occurred. If they were originally theophorous names, and represent the common formation, deity + verbal forms + substantive, of which the deity has been omitted and two elements remain, then the form of the verb should be the parti- ciple,^ and the names in question should be read BJrib-aplu, Kd' isba-aqAu, Nddina- ‘Tlie only exceptions known to me in Xeo-Bahylonian literature which cannot be satisfitctorily explained arc, the freriuently occurring Xahif-u-Hur-nfipishtim, and a peculiar name written Xahii-it-tan-ahu, Strass., Dar., 57 ; 14. [Dippel, Xame List.'\ Cf. also the reading of a strange name in IMeissner, Althab. Priv., 97 : 22, Ili-isJme-hani, “ Gott erhorte die Elenden," hy Hommel, AUisr., t'b., p. 71. This statement requires the consideration of the follotving ; 1. BH-taili-uu-t-ri-ih-to , “ O Bel, thou hast granted the desire ” {Tnirod., A^ol. IX, p. 22), if correctly translit- erated and translated would represent a formation which, as far as I know, has no parallel in cuneiform literature. In this connection another najiie, Bel-taz-kur-»hu, Vol. IX, p. 22, must also he considered. Even if the reading were correct, I do not know of an analogous formation, except perhaps Ta-qish-shu-Ouh' , Strass., Xbk., 435 ; 18, if Hhu i- the suffix. In view of the fact also that the sign has not been shown, so far as I know, in this period, to liave the value tnz and tosh, this name should he read Bel-ana-moti-shu, a formation similar to Anum-nrKt-l'nss'i- shu, 101 : 5, or Xiidtj-nna-h'iti-sha, 26 ; 2. The final elements of these names are omitted according to IX, p. 66, note. Cf. Xaha-ino-khri-ln-mur, Strass., Cyr., 67 : 11 ; or, BH-Xijyimru-ana-ashri-shu-tcr, 117 : 15. Another objection must l»e urged against the reading iash-rae-e, because the vowel would not he long if considered as a separate clement. Cf. Xahk-tal-ni-u-sur, Strass., Xhn., 116 : 27 ; Xabu-tul-tah-shi-li-shi-ru, Strass., Xbk. 161 : 5, etc. [With regard to the writing insh-me-e, cf. the very name quoted atjove, Ili-ish-me-e-ha-ni-c, which I interpret, however, as Ed.] Finally, the proper reading for the name is PiH-ana-me-e-ri-ih-tu, as determined hy the variant Bel-o-no-mi-d- ri-xXti, .Strasr- , Bar., 379 : 38 [Dippel, Xante List}, and Bel-a-nn-ini-ri-hi-tu, Strass., Bar., 434 : 24. 2. .lohns in saving that Sin-ni'din-ahu and Sin-kid ina-nhu are both possible readings (ct. American Journal 16 BUSINESS DOCUMENTS OF MURASHU SONS, aplu and Bani-aplu, e.g., Sha-km-shurmi, Strass., Cyr., 297 : 9. This same character also is attached to abbreviated names having the imperative, and is also read aplu by some Assyriologists, e.g., Ku-suT-aplu. In view of what is written above, while it is not an impossible transliteration, yet this name also is more likely to be explained, with many of the others mentioned, especially those containing the pr^eterite + A, accord- ing to Avhat follows. In all periods of Babylonian literature, from the earliest to the latest, there are found abbreviated names containing a verbal form, to which is attached an ending, of Semitic Languages, Yol. XVIII, p. 153) has been influenced, as well as others, hy the writing SE-na frequently used in proper names for iddina. But “na” or the overhanging a vowel is added to most forms of naddnu. For the participle, cf. na-di-na, Nbn , 1113 : 27. The name must be read 8in-nddina{-na)-ahu. The overhanging a is due to the following a of ahu, cf. BH-nddina{-na)-aplu, Bar., 464 : 3. 3. The verbal form in the name Ea-epush{-ush)-ilu, Strass., Dar., 226 : 4, etc., is also the participle. It is the common family name occurring hundreds of times, having as a rule epesh{-es7i) , here epush, due to the influence of the labial. That this is correct, cf. the same name {Nabu-nddin-shu7n, sou of Shu-la-a, son of) Ea-epesli{-esh)-ilu, Strass., Dar., 169 : 3. Epish is also found, cf. Strass., Dar., 73 : 12. The unabbreviated form of this name is Ea-epesh-ildni. This is proved by the writing of the same individual’s name, in Strass., Dar., 224 : 4. This necessitates the reconsideration also of the reading Ea-epeslidn (“Ea is the artisan ”) introduced for this name in Introduction, Yol. IX, p. 25, which has since been adopted by several Assyriologists. In opposition to the arguments advanced for it, and also those against the reading Ea-epesh-ilu, I offer the following : («) In not a single instance, in the many occurrences of this name, or its abbreviated form, is it written like the word for “artisan ’’ referred to, e.g., E-pi-sha-nu, E-pesh-a-ni, E-pesh-sha-nu or E-pesh-nu. (b) The form AEpt is not only found once but frequently. Cf. Strass., JVbn., 116 : 18, mk, 293 : 13, Camb., 388 : 19, Dar., 73 : 12, 224 : 4, 321 : 32, etc. (c) That the determinative amelu is used before Epesh-AN, when it stands in the third place, offers no diffi- culty, as it indicates the family name. Then, also, Epesh-AN an abbreviation for Ea-epesh-AN. Cf. the same name written both ways, Strass., Dar., 404 : 13, and Dar., 403 : 10. Further, Ea-epesh-AN is an abbreviation of Ea-epesh-ilani. Cf. the same name also written both ways, Strass., Dar., 169:3, and Dar., 224:4. Certainly Ea-epesh-ildni could not be a “professional designation,” and yet cf. the name amelu Ea-e.pesh{-esh)-ilu, Strass., Dar., 515 : 16. The text quoted, i.e., Dar., 257, has also alongside of hEpesh-AN the family name bNa-ba-ai, li. 16. (Cf. fnJS'a-ba-ai, Strass., 298 : 9. ) Cf. also hMiidainmiq-dRamman, Strass., Cyr., 223:10, Camb., 208:3. (fZ) Shecmash-eqmsh may be translated “Shamash did (it),” but Nabu-di-i-nu-e-pu-ush, Strass., Nbn., 367 : 1, will justify the reading Ea-opesh-ildni, and its translation “ Ea is the maker of gods.” (e) And Anally, that the meaning expressed is in full accord with their religious ideas, cf. the names with similar meanings : Ea-ilu- 'u-tu-epush{KAK), Dar., 206:17 ; Ea-i-lu-tu-epush{KAK), Nbk., 345: 15; Ea-ili-ia-epush{KAK), Dar., 278:10; Ea-shcme{-e)-eimsh{KAK), Dar., 551 : 23. 4 Assyrian E-sag-ila-Jd-in-ab-li, V. R., 44, 44d, etc. The explanation of the form km, which is not impera- tive, is as follows : Muk%n-a%)lu{DD-A) , Yol. IX, 71 : L. E., is written in 1. 8, Ki-na-aplu or Ei-na-a. Mukin- aplu{DU-A), 82: 13, Lo. E., is an abbreviation of Bel-mukin-apke, 88: U. E., as determined by a compari- son of the seals. Taking into consideration the ftxct that the performative u or mu is frequently dropped in Assyrian names, e.jr., shallim for ushallim or mushallim, in Ashur-shal-lim, Johns, A. D. D., 163 : 1, or for mushal- lim in Nabu-shal-lim-ahe, Johns, A. D. D., 102 : 1, there is every reason to believe that the element in question is to be regarded as the participle in a shortened form. Cf. the docket on tablet 78 L*7£3]7J?jb3 for Bel-mukm-aplu. This being true, Ki-na-a is an abbreviation for a name like Bel-mukm-aplu, or, in other words, is a hypokoristicon, with the “ kose ” suflix. This explanation, however, will not justify the transliteration of ZUJas Em (imperative) instead of muk’m in such full names as Bel-mukin{DU)-zeru, as has been done generally in Babylonian names by some Assyriologists. DATED TX THE EEIGN OF DARIUS II. 17 resembling the first person pronominal suffix of the noun/ such as hn-Jn-ia, 24: 16; Il^nx- -la. Strass., 3 />/*., 62 : 3 ; Ba-ni-ia, Vol. IX, 26 : 15 ; Tab-iii-e-a^~ 4:5; 80:17. It is apparent at a glance that this ending cannot be regularly regarded as the pronominal suffix of the noun, for it is here found in connection with verbal forms. The explanation of this peculiar combination of a verbal form, with this ending, is as tollows : One of the elements of a name was used for the sake of brevity, to which was added this aflbrmative, or “ kose ” suffix.^ In some instances it was the common noun, c.^., S/iumi-ia, 51: 3; S/iu-ma-a, 45: 10, etc., in others it was the deity, as JIar-ih{/:-a, 39 : 12; Anion-ai,^ 101 : 10, etc., and again it Avas the verbal form, as above, to Avhich this ending Avas attached. For example, instead of call- ing the chihl by his full name, Jlarduk-zer-ibni, he could be called Marduha, or Zeria, or Ibnia. Cf. S'i/lni, 130 : 32, abbreviated from Bia-silli-JSdnib, 8:12 (cf. Introd., Vol. IX, pp. 24, t. ). Cf. the name Xabu-tab-ni-umr, the son oi Eg ibi, Strass., Nbn., 132 : 4, AAritten Tab-ni-c-a, Strass, Xbn., 133 : 4. Cf. Peiser, Bab. Bechts., I, p. 11. Cf. also the name ot an Aramaic docket, NTIN*, for Ardi-Ishtar, John’s Deeds and Documents, III, p. 44s, and N-*") for Bemu-shukun, C. B. M., 5172. That the transliteration of this char- acter Is a and not aplu in these names is proved by Aramaic “ dockets ” on tablets, Avhere Ave find written for the names, SE-A, Vol. IX, 66, and B A-SIAA-A, SteA-ensun, A.<. there are no other Old Testa- ment names with which to compare these twenty-three, most of which are unques- tionably Hebrew ; and vice versa, we look in vain in the Neo-Babylonian literature for Hebrew names of this very common formation. IH’ as the final element in the Assy- ’ Besides tlie names given in the Concordances of both volumes, cf. nu-u-na-tan{-an)-na, C. B. M., 5510, and la-a-hu-u-za-had-clu , G. B. 31., 5513. ^The names not otherwise indicated are found in Vol. IX and the present texts. ^Cf. Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. XIV, p. 114. ^Cf. Pinches, Proc. Soc. Bib. Arch., Vol. XV, p. 14, f. ^Cf. Strassmaier, Bar., 310 : 4. DATED IX THE EEIGN OF DARIUS II. 21 rian historical texts was written lau and Mu, e.y., Ha-za-ki-ia-a-ii{ia-u, a-u), Az-ri-la-d- U{ la-u. a-u h In Neo-Babylonian, in every instance that I know of, the element is written Mma {M-a-uia). It is nnnecessary to repeat here that the Babylonian m =: Hebrew V. ef. pp. 2, 9. In what manner Jdwa represents IPf I am not prepared to say. There is a possibility that Jdtca is the actual pronnnciation of Jahwe, as proposed by Sayee and Homniel ^ years ago, in which case it would seem that perhaps the scribes arbitrarily introduced it, as they very likely did in the case of AN-3IEkiII = lef. p. I2f. t. Again, IPf, contrary to the pointing of the Massorites, which is not sup- ported by the Septiiagint, may have been pronounced IH’, “ or Jdwa. ^ The Assyrian Jdu may also have been pronounced Jdw (cf. p. 19). Moreover, I simply want to emphasize the fact that Mma ( — Jdwa) represents in’, the contracted or apocojiated form of mn*, and justify my placing the element in the list of gods. TRANSLATIONS OF SELECTED TEXTS. The complete transliteration and translation of these texts, as was announced in Vol. IX. p. 30, are expected to appear in Series C. Conforming with Vol. IX, and for the same reasons, the transliterations and translations of a few representative texts, in order to illustrate the general character of these documents, are given. With the exception of one or two, which contain dockets, I have selected those which belong to a different class of contracts, or bear upon subjects altogether different, from those published in Yol. IX. 1 . Xo. 54, Darius II., 3 'ear 1st, Marcliesvan 2ud. Contents : A lease of certain fish pools, in which the lessee, besides paying a stipu- lated sum, agrees to furnish the agent daily with a mess of fish. Transliteration : 0 1. Ri-hat mdru slia '^'^Bdl-drlh ^^ardu sha ^‘’^RtH-nddin-shumu ina hu-ud hh-hi-shu 2. a-na "“^Bdl-nddin-.Jiuniu mdru ska 3Tu-ra-shu-u. ki-a-am iq-hi 3. um-ma bare sha aha ina hi-rit “^'^Ah-sha-a-nu u Gi-ish-shu 4, sha. ’^'^Bel-ab-usur sha ina *^‘^zdrdti sha ^ha-af-[_ri\ sha 'damqare 5. hare sha 7iuni‘'°‘’- sha ina ^’^^zcru sha ’‘q)ahdfu sha hard sha ndrM°^^- 0. sha ina “’’^B/t-’^jVa-lu-r-ili a-na a-na shaffi 7. i hi-in-nani-ma. Ina shatti I hiltu kaspu qa-lu-u 8. u ul-tu u)nu(-niu) sha bard shu'diu nuni’^^- a-na ba-a-ri 9. i-nani-din-na- umu(^-mui) Jcun-nu nund°’^' a-na ' Aufgatze und Ahhandlungen, I, p. 3. Sayce, Higher Criticism and the Monuments, p. 470. *Cf. Prof. Franz DeUlzsch, Zeitschrift far die Altentestamentlichc Wissenschaft, II, p. 173. "The final short vowel as in Jciica, would not be represented in Hebrew. 22 BUSINESS DOCUMENTS OF MURASHU SONS, pashshuri-ha lu-hin-nu. 10. Ar-ku '^‘^Bd-nddin-shumu ish-me-shu-ma bure ska nuni"^^^- shu'dtu a-na 11. a-na shatti 2 biltu kaspu id-da-ash-shu. Ina shatti kaspu a’ z biltu ^'^BAR bure shudtu ‘^Ri-bat a-na 13. ‘^^Bel-ndidin-shumu ina-an-din u nu7iu'^^^- a- 7 ia pashhuri-shu 'U-ka-7iu 14. Ul-tu umu !*“"■ sha Arahs,lia7n7ia shattu bih'S shuVitu ina pdn ‘^Rl-bat 15. Ina pd7i '^^Bel-shu-nu u '^U-ma7''-da-a-t7i ^daiane sha Ndi'-'^Sin. Translation : Ribdt, son of Bel-erib, servant of Bel-7iddi7i-shu7nu, of liis own free will spoke to Bel-nddm-shumu, son of 3Iurashu, thus : the fish ponds which are between the towns Ahshdmu and Gishshu, belonging to Bel-ab-usur, those which are in the fields of the chief of the brokers ; the fish pools which are in the field of the prefect of the hindanu (professional name) ; the fish pools which are in the town Natuel let me have for rent for one year. For the year, one-half of a talent of refined (?) silver; in addition, from the day I am given possession of those fish ponds for fishing, daily, a mess (lit. fixed amount) of fish for thy table I will furnish. Thereupon Bel-7iddin-shumu complied with his recpiest, and rented him those pools of fish, for the year, for one-half talent of silver. For the year the silver, i.e., one-half talent, rent for those pools, Ribdt shall pay to Bel-7iddi7i-shmmi, and the fish for his table he shall furnish. From the first day of Marchesvan, year first, those pools are at the disposal of Ribdt. In the presence of Belshunu and Unia7xldtu, judges of the canal Names of six witnesses and the scribe. Seal imj)ressions of five witnesses including that of Ri77idt-Ni7iib, son of 3l7i7'ashu. 2 . No. 1, Darius II., year of accession, Shabat 4tb. Contents : Lease of a house. The sti^mlated sum is paid in advance for a certain term. In case possession of the house is demanded before the expiration of the lease, the full amount of rent is to be returned. Transliteration : 1. BUii Aia Iia 7n7li-hi a-ra-a7n-7nu sha^B\_el~\ itti btti 2. '^Za-ta-7ne-e sha '^Ajj- la-a 7ndi'u sha Ha7'-7na-hi- 3. a-7ia i-di biti uUu 71 77171 IVsha Shabdtu a-di7n uh-hi 4. a-si-e sharri a-na 1\ 7na-7ia kasp>u p>i pi {-li) a-7ia 5. ^'^Bel-imdin-shimiu indru sha '^3Iu- Aunotations : No. 4, L. 4. n-di muh-hi a-si-e sharri is an expression not found elsewliere, so far as I know. The tablet is the first dated in the new reign, in fiict it was written eitlier on the first or second day, cf. p. 2. It may refer to the time when the new king officially visited the cities; or perhaps the house was rented for the uncer- tain period terminating with the reign, for a representative of the crown, or fot the use of a prince who lived in Nippur. DATED THE REIGN OF DARIUS II. 23 ni-.)'] L-tn enzu rahUi{-ti) a-Iit-ti XVII urlm slhrn XVII-ta unlcu 5. napharu CCCLXXIIl- ta si-eii pisdtu [;/] salnidtisha ’’^Ar-ska-am.a-na ’^?’^I)AR?n-iH-nam-ma 6. ina shattl a- na C lahni LXVI 2-ta qdtdti mi-ll-du a-na ishtenit{-it) enzu ishten{-en) mi-il-du 7. a-na ishtenit(-it) im-mir-tum ll nia-na shipdtuV^- a-na lshtenit{-lt) enzu f ma-na shipdtu enzu (jl-iz-za-tuni 8. a-na ishtenit{-lt) ini-niir-tum a-lit-tum ishtenit{-lt) da-na-tuin a^na C ini-mir-tuni I qa hlnietu 9. h^BAR si-en shu'dtu lud-dak-ka. A-7ia C si-en X niu-ut- ta-tuni niu-ljinyna-V a-na 10. ishten{-enl) niu-ut-ta-tuni lshten{-en) 7nashku'^°^^- shiqlu gl-[^dal]-a-tu lud-dak-ka. Ar-ku 11. ""^Bel-su-pi-e-niu-hu)' ish-nie-shu-/na «’ IX XXVII imrneru shattu shanu{u) 12. CXLIV-ta lahru rahlti a-lit-ti XXXVII linmeru nidr shattl XXXVIII-ta mdrat shattl 13. A"X1^ urtpi rahu IX urlsu shattu shanu(^-u) L-ta enzu rahitl a-lit-tl XVII ur1su uhru 14. XVII-ta unlku naq)haru CCCLXXIII-ta fi-en plsdtl a sahndtl rab/tl{-tl) u qal-lat a-na, 15. ^^■'^BAR Id-dash- shu. Ina shattl a-na C lahru LXVI 2-ta qdtdti mi-ll-du a-na Ishtenlt(-lt) enzu 16. lshten{-en^ ml-U-du a-na lshtenlt(^-lt) iinnilrtum(-tuin) Ih ma-na shipdtiV^'^- a-na ishtenlt {-It) enzu^ nia-na shiqxitu enzu 17. (jl-iz-za-tuni a-na lshtenit{-lt) iininirtum,{-tum) a-lit-tuni Ishte )ilt{-it) du-na-tuni a-na C ini-niir-tani a-llt-tu 18. I qa himetu ^^2BAR sl-en shudtu ^Ahu-shu-nu, ana ^'^'^Bel-su-pl-e-niu-hur inamdln{-in). 19. A-na C sl-en X ■mu-ut-ta-turn '^'^Bel-su-j)l-e-niu-hur a.-man-na-ash-shu. A-na ishten{-en) 20. mu-ut- contract of this kind, provisious sliould he made for the return of a large percentage, at least, of the flock’s natural increase. Goats being more productive, for the females rented, 100% of “offspring” was required, while oulj G6|% for the sheep. Talittu = ta’littu = tawlittu from I'l’l, translated “ geburt,” Delitzsch, Ilaiulworterhuch, is doubtless the same word. Does tamlittu = talUltu = ta'littu. or does tamlittu by some analogous formation = taic- littu? having the same meaning, “offspring” or “ born ” = wibZii. Cf. Heb. 1*71 and the modern Arabic walad. This is a notable example if w, written m, is preserved at the beginning of a word. In the earlier periods the character pi usually represents this sound. L. 9. mu-ui-ta-tum “dead” is fern. Inf. IIj of HIO and is here used as a substantive with a passive signification. Cf. Delitzsch, Ass. Grammar, ^ Gi : 2i. Cf., mu-ta-ti, 74:17. For similar formations cf. nullu, PI. = nulldtu, sheddu, heltu, etc. It is used interchangeably with mi-qit-iu, cf. 132 : 9, 17 and Vol. IX, 14 : 24. Both terms refer to the dead of the flock. If provisions were made for the return of a cer- tain percentage of the flock’s increase it is reasonable to expect to find the same made also for the losses through death and accident. 10% would be a reasonable allowance, as the ordinary life of a sheep is about ten years. The gender of muttulum as well as miqittu did not seem to be clearly fixed (see above). Cf. ishten muttatum, 130 : 10, ishlenit, li. 20 ; ishten, 131 : 10, 19 ; isMenil miqittu 132 ; 9 ; ishten miqittu, 132 : 17, Vol. IX, 1 : 24. L. 10. gi-da-a-tu means something like “ sinews ” or “ muscles.” N.l is used as a variant of giddtu. Cf. Vol. IX, 1 : 14, 24 and 132 : 10, 17. NA = huanu, cf, Brunnow, List, No. 3073. The root ini in Arabic, Aramaic and Hebrew means to hew, to hew off (members of the body). The use of sinews and muscles by all primitive peoples is well known ; and as the amount per dead animal is small, i.e., 2) shekels, tills is what the word gidatu, and its variant, NA, in this connection seem to mean. L. 21. sn-ud-du-du, “folding,” occurs 130:21,131:21,132:18,78:7, 12, Vol. IX, 1:25, and Bar. 257 : 9, 348 : 9. On examination of tablet, Vol. IX, 20 : 9, the last two characters should also read NTJN-tum instead of SIIAM-DU. Peiser, Ba&yZcftiscAcw /ZccAfsZticn, III : 24, translates “ziihlen.” The root in Arabic “to stop,” “to shut up with a bar,” points to the meaning of the word, which doubtless is in this connection “to fold,” “ to enclose the flock in a fold.” DATF.D IX THE REIGN OF DARIUS II. 25 fa-tum Uhien{-en) 2. h shiqhi gi-da-a-tu i-nam-din. \_Pu~ut\ re'i-i-tum. 21. ■sn.-ud-iiii-du u masmrti sha si-oi shiCdtu "^Ahu-shu-nii na-shi. Ultu umu XXI shaffu AT^'""' 22. st-oi shuVitu ina pdni-shu si-en shiddtu sha qdd' ”^Sha-ba-ah- ta-ni- ''mb-bu-id mdni sha ”'PA-SHE^^-ai. Translation : Ahiishunu, son of Bel-etir, of his own free will spoke to Bel-suqje-mukur, the over- seer Ar sham, thus : nine male sheep, twenty-seven two-year-old male sheep, one hun- dred and forty-four large bearing sheep, thirty-seven one-year-old male lambs, thirty- eight one-year-old female lambs, twenty-five large male goats, nine two-year-old male goats, fifty large bearing goats, seventeen male kids, seventeen female kids, in all three hundretl and seventy-three sheep and goat Kleinvieh''’), white and black, the property of Arsham, rent me. In a year, I will give thee, as rent for those sheep : for one hundred (female) sheep, sixty-six and two-thirds (=r 661%) offspring; for one (female) goat, one offspring ; for one sheep, II mine of wool ; for one goat, f mine of sheared goat wool; for one bearing sheep, one dunatum ; for one hundred sheep, one qa of butter. Reckon ten dead for every hundred sheep. For one dead, I will give thee one hide and 21 shekels of sinews. Whereupon Bel-supe-muhur granted his request, and nine male sheep, twentv-seven two-year-old male sheep, one hundred and forty-four large bearing sheep, thirtv-seven one-year-old male lambs, thirty-eight one-year-old female lambs, twenty-five large male goats, nine two-year-old male goats, fifty large bearing goats, seventeen male kids, seventeen female kids, in all three hundred and seventy-three sheep, white and black, large and small, gave him for rent. In a year Ahushuna shall give to Bdl-saqP-iivihar at the rate of one liundred female sheep, sixty-six and two-thirds offspring (= 661%) ; for one female goat, one offspring ; for one sheep, 11 mine of wool ; for one goat, f mine of sheared goat wool ; for one bearing sheep, one dunatum ; for one hundred bearing sheep, one qa of butter, as rent for those sheep. For one hundred sheep, ten dead Bel-supe-niuhur shall allow him. For one dead, he shall give one hide and 21 shekels of sinews. For the shepherding, folding and guarding of those sheep Ahushuna bears the responsibility. From the twenty-first day of Elul, year the eleventh, those sheep are at his disposal. Those sheeji [shall be obtained] from Sh/jbahtani, the head animal keeper, son A PA-BHE^Avi. Xarnes of twelve witnesses and the scribe. Nine of the witnesses, besides Shabah- tani, left impressions of their seals. Ahushunu made a tluimb-nail mark instead of his seal. On the reverse is found an endorsement in Aramaic, JuTIlX Tl 32*, ‘‘ I he document of Ahushunu, the son of Bel-etir A 26 BUSINESS DOCUMENTS OF MURASHU SONS, 4. No. 106 [Darius II ], year Otli, Sivau lOth. Contents : Record of sheep and goats delivered to an individual for stock raising. Transliteration : 1. II IV 2. VIII had u XLVlahru rabUi{-ti) a-lit-ti 3. XV mdrat shatti 4. IV urisu rcibu islden urim shattu shanii{-u) 5. l^III^nrisu Vihru XX cnzii rabifi a-Ut-tum 6. VII un'ihu mdrat shatti 7. naphani CIX si-en rabUi qal-lat S. pisttt{~ti) salindu{-in-dit,) sha '"■Ri-bat aplu sha ”^'^Bel-erib 9. ^ardl sha "Ri-mut- ‘^Xinib ana ina pdn 10. ^'■Za-bid-'^Na-na-a aplu sha ’’^Ha-ani-ma-ru-ru 11. U/nu 10 ’^‘^Aha “IRimdnu sha shattu 12. e-jnsh nik-ka-su e-pu-ush itti-shu 13. a-mi-ir ma-nu u paq-da-ash-shu. Aramaic endorsement : ^^Jp ’1 Translation: Two male sheep, four slieep (two-year-old males), eight male lambs, forty-five large bearing sheep, fifteen one-year-old female lambs, four large male goats, one two-year- old goat, [three] male kids, twenty large bearing goats, seven one-year-old female kids, in all, one hnndred and nine sheeji, large and small, white and black, belonging to Ribdt, son of Bel-erib, servant of Buuut-Xinib, for rent, are at the disposal of Zabkl-Nand, son of Tlaminaruru. On the lOtb day of Sivan of the sixth year, be concluded the business transaction ivitli him. The sheep are (is) inspected, counted and entrusted to him. Impression of the seal of Zabkl-Nand. Aramaic endorsement : “ The document of Zabid-Nana concerning that which he acquired.” 5. No. 99, Daiius II., year 5lh, lyyar IStli. Contents : A lease of certain fields, situated in a number of toivns which are owned by a certain organization. Their representative, an overseer, is empowered to rent these lands for a period of three years. Annotations : No. 106, Li. 1. lah-ri. In Nos. 131 and 133, as well as Vol. IX, I, three different ages of male goats and sheep are specified, while only two of the female are given. In this tablet, as well as in No. 105, the same is true with respect to the goats, hut exactly the reverse would he the case as regards the sheep if lahru is construed as feminine, as OANAM usually is elsewhere. Taking into consideration all the sheep and goat leases the word can only mean here the two-year-old male sheep = immeru mar shattu shanii. For an illustration of a species of sheep and goats of early Babylonia, cf. Hilprecht, O. B. I., Part 2, Vol. I, p. 47/. L. 8. saUndu{-in-du) is an example of two phonograms used as a phonetic complement. Cf. also 8E-in-nu-’ =inamdiiinu, 133 : 18. Endorsement. The reading of the stroke inserted between the p and as Dr. Littmann has kindl}" suggested. DATED IX THE EEIGN OF DARIUS II, 27 Transliteration : 1. ‘’‘"Zvrdfi :aq-pu n pi sTiuI-pu sha Nia-at-ri sha hicm(/are sha ma Tarhasu-urn- ma-nu 2. sha ina ‘^’'‘ffu-us-si-e-iu sha ”^Ad-ra-hu-u sha ina ^^'^Ka-ki-di-\in sha S.i-ah-ki-ia 3. sha Ina '^^'^ffu-us-si-e-iu sha Qa--ma-nu sha (jdA "^Ba-la-tu apjlu sha ” Si-ha- 4. "‘Hi- -du-ri- ^shak-nu sha ^‘nangare aplu-sha "‘Hah-sir ^'ardu sha ’"Ba-la-ia ^'■'zcrdii o. sha'dfu a-na '^‘‘BAB a-di Ill-fa shatfic a-na sh\attii\2\ ma-na kaspu 0. ishttn{-cn) ^°’'^*''dan-nu shikaru ma-hi-u ishten{-en) wimei'u LX qa ki-nie sha ina \^qnin"'^Bi-hat ap>lu sha Bel-t'rib ^ardu 7. sha "‘Bi-mut-'^Ninib id-din. Ina shatti ina ‘"''■‘^Xislinia kasjju )nd[A. ^42\") 2^ rna-na ^‘^’’^“‘‘^dan-nula’ ishten{-en)~\ 8. irnmeru a’ ishtun-en ) ki-mc a' LX qa ‘^“BAB eqldti shudtu "‘Bi-bat a-na "‘Hi-'’-dii-ri[-i~\ 9. i-narn-din. Pu-ut qxi-qa-ri sha ^^‘‘zcrdti shudtu "‘Hi-'’du-ri-Apui]~shi. \UItu ^■'‘'AAiru shattu ^^"zdrdte shudtu ina pdn "‘Bi-bat. Ishten(~en) TA-A-AN sha-fa-ri ilfelaU-u^l^ki-i shandti a] IIL-ta la i-shal-lim-^ Ip^Hi-’du-'Ai-I \l’‘yerdii shu’dtu qjaq-ri] V rna-na kaspu i-naut-din. DrT 3 NHJJ np“lN* id::’ “ip’ynn in miM nN‘Dn nnN'Pn Translation : The cultivated and uncultivated fields, belonging to the overseer of the Carpenters, Avhich are located in tlie towns Tarbasu-umrnanu, Hussetu-sha-Adrahu, Nakidini, Sukkia and Hu.^p'tu-sha-Qa' raanu , Hi'duri, the overseer of the Nangare, son of Habsir, servant of Baldtu, by order of Baldtu, son of Siha', gave those fields for rent to Bibdt, son of Btl-trib, servant of Bimut-Xinib, for three years ; at the rate of per year, two and one-half mine silver, one jar full of wine, one sheep, and sixty qa of flour. Each year, in the month Kislev, the silver, namely, tivo and one-half mine ; jar, i.e., [one] ; slieep, i.e., one; flour, ie., sixty qa, Bibdt shall pay to Hi'durr as rent for those fields. The responsibility for [not] reclaiming those fields ILidurd bears. [From the month Ajjar of tlie seventli year] those fields are at the disjiosal of Bibdt. One document both have taken. [If those fields are demanded] before the expiration of the three [years] Hrdurt shall pay five mines of silver. Xames of eight or more witnesses and scribe. Seal impressions of three or more witnesses, also of LBCduri . Aramaic endorsement : The document of the land of the Xagaraja (Carpenters), which Hiduri, son of Habsir, gave to Bibdt, son of Bdl-erib, for (lit. in) rent. Annotations : No. 5. For the use of the so-called 3 prctii, in IIebre\^', cf. Gesenius, Ilcbrcir fjrarfLrrui.r, 3 119 : C. n{<3 in Tnlro., Vol. IX, p. 24, is regarded as equivalent to 25 or 26 Babylonian OUR. In this text, as well as the two of Vol. IX, in which it occurs, it seems to me to mean something like rent, in this case for silver, sheep, wine and flour. 28 BUSINESS DOCUMENTS OF MURASHU SONS, 6 . No. 29, Darius II., year 1st, Tammnz 20th. Contents : A contract made with an individual for the gathering of a harvest, with a penalty attached in case the work has not been accomplished at a specified time. Transliteration : 1, A-na mni slia shattu Da-ri-imish 2. shar mdtdti eburu sha ina ni-si-ih-timi 3. sha ‘^Rl-mut-^Nimb aplu sha Mu-ra-shu-u 4. na-as-ah, a-na e-si-ri a-na 5. ‘^'^NinibAddina aplu sha ‘^'^Ninib-eilr iddin{-in) 6. i-si-ir-ri. A-na ami sha ‘^’’^i'^Abu 7. shatiu '"^Da-ri-mush c-bu-ru shudtu 8. la ig-da-am-nia-ar la i-te- si-ir 9. eburu ma-la ina lib-bi im-mir-iq-qu-u 10. '^'^Ninib-iddina ultu btti-shu a-na ^lii-mid-'^JSAnib 11. id-dan ii ana Ub-bi-shu lUi Hkharditi 12. ina niuh-hi ri-ih-tuni e-bu-ru ia-a-nu. Translation : . Unto the second day of the month Ah, year first of Darius, king of countries, the harvest (namely ), which as the a^iportionment of Rknut-Ninib, son of hlurashu, had been set apart, he gave to Ninib-iddlna, son of Ninib-etir, to gather in. If on the second day of the month Ah, year first of Darius, that harvest he did not completely gather in, the produce as much of it as should have been delivered, Ninih-iddina shall turn over to Rtniut-Ninib from his own possessions, and there shall be nothing for him, together with the farmers, as regards the balance of the harvest. Names of four witnesses and the scribe. Seal impression of one witness. Aramaic endorsement: “ document of Ninib-iddma!' 1 \ No. 55, Darhis II., year 1st, Adar 28. Contents : A partnership agreement made by two individuals to farm certain lands, and divide equally the profits. Transliteration : 1. ""^Ninib-nmd>allif{-ifi) aplu sha '^Mu-she-zih u ’^Ad-gi-shi-ri-zab-du 2. aplu sha '^'^Bel-erib sha a-ua a-ha-mesh iq-bu-u, 3. urn-nia V gur ina eqli kdb-mun(^.)-gu 4. ina Icishdd Ndr-Bal-ti-la ina ( ? )-m 5. ni-pu-ush ar-hu a-ha-inesh ish-rne-e-nia 6. a' 5 gur a-na shu-la-qyu-ush 7. i-te-qyu-shu-iC. ^^^zeru{ci~\ 5 gur 8. Ad-gi-shi-ri-za-bad-du i-niash-shuh-rna 9. a-na ‘^Mnib-7nuballif{-it) u-kal-lam. Minima ma-la 10. ina lib-bi il-la- sharmi itti a-ha-mesh 11. u-sal-lu-u eshru-shu-nu a-ha-a-tu-shu-nu. DATED IN THE REIGN OF DARIUS II. 29 Translation : sou of JIushezib, and Adgishlri-zahdu, son of Bel-erih, who had spoken to one another as follows : Let ns sow five gur of seed in the field of ^rdh-mun Cl)-gu along the bank of Xdr-Balfia, in the town Bit-Hadiia, agreed thereupon together, and the seeil, i.c.. five gur, for a crop they planted. The seed, i.e., five gur, Adgishiri- zahaddu shall measure and deliver (lit. show) to Ninib-muballit. They have sworn by the king that whatsoever grows on it shall be equally divided with regard to their tithe and their profit. Five witnesses and the name of the scribe follow ; also the seal of Adghhiri- zabaddiL and his name written in Aramaic characters 7 ^ No. 44, Darius II., year 1st, Elul 21tli. Contents ; An agreement and its acceptance embodying a proposition to farm certain fields on equal shares. Transliteration : 1. Sbum-iddl/ia aphi sba Fu-uh-hu-ru a-na ^Ri-mut-^Ninib 2. aphi sba Mu-ra- Aai-u iq-bu-n inn-ma II alpu at-tu-u-a 3. it-ti II alpii at-tu-Jca ina eqle bit rit-ti-ka 4. lu-iiAi-hu-un u inimnta ma-la ina ^^^zeri sbudtu ina ^?’^nartab-i-ni 5. il-Ia- a-ha-a-tu ni-i-ni. ^^r-ki ”'Bi-inut-^yinib 6. isb-mc-sbu-nia alpu u ^^^zeru id-dash-shu alpu ma-la' 7. alpu *’'^zt'ru rna-la ^^'^zeru. Mirnma ma-la ina lib-bi il-la- 8. a-ha-a-tu-shu-nu sharru itti a-ba-mesh u-sal-lu-u. Translation : Shum-iddina, mn of Puhhuru, to Rhnut-Ninib, of thus : Let me put two of my oxen with two of thine oxen into thy pasture lands, and everything, a.s much as in those fields grows, by our work of irrigation, is ours in common. After- wards liimdtSinib complied with his request and gave him oxen and seed; ox for ox, .seed for seed. They have sworn by the king that whatsoever grows in it, shall be divided equally among them. Names of four witne.sses and the scribe. Seal impressions of three witnesses. Annotations : No. 7b, L. 2. dlim. For an illustration of the oxen used at tlie present time in Babylonia to work the ruirtabu cf. Pi. XYI. The water buffalo (cf. same plate) is also used for this purpose. On the former cf. also Hilprecht, Amyrica, Tafel I. L. 4. On nartabu cf. Introduction to Vol. IX, p. 40, and also the illustrations PI. XV and XVI. 30 BUSINESS DOCUMENTS OF MUEASHU SONS, 8 . No. 9, Darius II year 1st, Nisan 1st. Contents ; A release given by an individual to Bel-nddin-shumu for and on account of a claim for damages arising from trespass committed by the latter and liis servants. The charge of trespass, followed by its denial, and then payment of considera- tion for settlement or release, is analogous to similar transactions of the present day. Transliteration : 1. ”“^B((-^a--da-a-ta-a ^us-ta-ri-ha-ri aplu sha'^'^Bel-nddm sha a-na '^'^Bel-nddin- shumu aplu sha 2. 3Iu-ra-shu-u iq-hu-u nm-ma '^^'^Ba-bi-ia sha kaspni nJtu lib-bi na-shu-u ^^'^Ha-za-tu u dldoii sha li-mi-ti-shu 3. ia.-ah-ti-pi kasqm hurdsu aIpid°^^-^’^-ia si-e-nu-ia u mimma sha nikasi-ia (jab-bi at-ta ^'\_mdi']e-bttdti-ka 4. ^''a-Uk na-ash-par\-ti-'\ka ^arddni-ka u ''•jS'ip)puru^^ tat-ta-sha-a-an . Ar-ku 5. ”"^Bel-nddin-shumuiqbu{-{i) nm-ma '^^“Ba-bi-ia dli-ka sha kaspi-ka nl-tu lib-bi na-shu-u 6. u dldni sha li-mi-tum '^^"Ba-bi-ia nl ni-ih-pu kasq)i-ka hurdsi-ka alpB°^^- ^^-ka. si-e-n uA-ka u minima n ikasi-ka gab-bi ana-ku ^mdre-btidti-ia a-lik na-ash-paT-tum-ia 8. ’‘arddni-ia u JVippurud'^Ad ni-ish-shu. '"''^Bel-nddin-shumu ku-uni la ru-gu-mi-e dinii sha ana muh-hi di-ib-bi an-nu-tu sha '"''^Ba-ga--da-a-ta- ii a-hi-ish-tum 10. itti a-ha-a-mesh i-bu-ush-u CCCL gur^^'^BAB I guv ku-suuni mi-id-di-tum L guv ^’"'kiq)dlu 11. L ^'"’^"'^“dan-nu kurunni la-bi-ri ma-lu-u ta-a-bi a-di-i gu-rab L ^'"'^'^'-'^dan-nu kurunni 12. esh-shu •ma-lu-u fa-a-bi a-di-i gu-ra-bi CC guv suluppu CCd^d^si-c-nu 13. XX alpA°^^- V bill u shipatid'’^’'- a-na '""^Ba-ga-’-da-a-ta- it-ta-d in 14. ^^^BAB ah {A- AN.) CCCL guv ku-su-uni [7?ri-]-/c/- di-tum a' {A-AN.) I gur ^^"'kipdtu a (A-AA.) L gur 15. dan-7iu-tu cd (A-AA.) L karpatu kurunni la-bi-ri ma-lu-u ta-a-bi a-di-i gu-rab dan-nu-tu a' (A- AA.) 10. Ij karpiatu kurunni esh-shu, ma-lu-u ta-a-bi a-di-i gu-rab suluppu a’ (A-AA) CC gur 17. si-e-nu a’ (A-AN) CC lahru alpiN^^- a’ (A-AA.) [ATT] shipdtu «’ (A-AA) V biltu '"'^Ba-ga--da-a-ta- 18. ina qdiC '""^Bel-nddin-shumu ma-hir e-fir. Dinu u ra-ga-mu sha ""^Ba-ga- -da-\_a-ta-~\ 19. hndire Intdti-shu ^a-lik 'na-ash-piar-ti-sltu ''arddni-shu u Cab-bu sha dldni shu\'(tu\)u li-mi-ti-shu-nui] 20. ha-pu-u sha '^^"Ba-bi-ia “^"‘Ha-za-tu u dldni sha li-mi-tum-ti-shu u 21. gab-bi itti ""^Bel-nddin-shunm ^nidre bitdti-shu ’'a-lik na-ash-q)ar-ti-\)shu Ctrddni-shu'] 22. u ^ XippjuiuN^Ct-na u niu(-inu) sa-a-tuia-a-nu ul {i-)itur-ma ‘^Ba-ga-l'-da-a-fa-il 23. ^'mdre Intdti-shu ^a-lik na-ash-par-ti-shu u Nrddni-shu udKgtb-bu sha dldni shiddtu sha ana muh-hi iq-bu-u 24. sha Ba-bi-ia Ha-za-tuni dldni sha U-mi-ti Ba-bi-ia u minima Annotations : No. 8, Li. 15. ta-a-hi may refer to kurunnu, in wliiclr case main is misplaced. Cf. 200 karpaiudan- nu ma-lu-tl kurunni tabi, Strass.. JS/bn., ISl : 13. gu-rab “bottles,” cf. Arab, gurub, “leather-sack,” and Aramaic ^■'1 “bottles.” For other occurrences of the word cf. 4 : 10, 11, and Vol. IX, 21 : 1, 43 ; 4. DATED IN THE REIGN OF DARIUS II. 31 nlka^u 25. s/iii'afit gah-bi itti ’^^Bel-nddbi-shumii hndre bUdtl-slvu ^a-lik na-a>ih-par-tv- shu 20. '‘arddni-sbu u ’'Xippurd^^ a-na dmu{-mu) m-a-tii ul i-rag-gu-mu. Inaildni u sharri 27. it-te-mu-u ki-i ana muh-hi di-ib-bi an-nii-tu ush-te-eh-su 28. Pa-ut la ra-ga-mu sha ^sab-bu sha dldni sJuddfu sha itti '^'^Bel-nddm-shumu hndire bttdti-sha 20. a-Iik na-aj>]n\vA(r MurasJiii, 129 : 11. 13. S6 ; 9. AAv ti--, 99 : 14. 33 : 11. u-na-a (cf. Ar. ’JmS) 1. f. of Xabu-baldfsu-iqbi, 1 : 17. 2. ^-fhak'iiu slia bkasJikaddinnd, 63 : 4, 6, 8. A Ahu-’-a 1. s. of Xabu-kdsir, 51 : 4. 2. 5. of Zimakki, 37 ; IS. Ak-ku-daf^tynu, f. of ililM-abu-usur, 75 : 5. ^dAl-te (h-ri ni(ri-’% (cf. dJltehiri-abi), 34 : 10. A,>ul 1. s. of Ahmhunu, 11 : 7. 2. f. of Bil-nddin, 16 : 19 | 17 : 2 1 110 ; 3. 3. f. of Xinib ndsir, 74 : R [ 122 ; 18. *A)ri-ma-»hir’ (cf. Bi. 'trp;’ and Styp;*), 33 : 11. A na Bel-u-pa-qa, also written Bel-u-pa-qa, 51 : 16, L. E. (“Upon Bel I wait patiently ”) Hhaknu Hhxi- ^hardpl ska bit Zuzd, hshaknu ska hkizazapl ska bit Zuzii, s. of Bel-etir, gs. of Xlnib-ndsir, 58 : 11 I 6.5 : 1.5, Lo. E. Ana-middinu(-nu) 123 : 10. 1. s. of Anul-Bt% 16 : 19 1 17 : 2, U. E. | 110 : 3. 2. s. of Baga'ddtu, hskak?m s?ia barshammai. 111 : 10, L. E. 3. 5. of B(l-itir, mar bBdbiliki, 95 ; 17, U. E. 4. s. of Btl-muballit , hpa[qud] sba abulli LUGAL- GUD-$I-D1, 3 : 16 I 4 : 24 I 29 : 14, R. | 45 : 18 I 46 : 23 I 94 : 20 1 125 : 16, U. E. 5. s. of BiUmushallhn, 39 : 14. 6. s. of Bel 3 : 16. 7. s. of Iddina-B(l, 55 : 13. , 8. s. of Zi/. . . 108 : 14. 9. s. of Jfarduk-nushalUm, $ha hhafri ska bsipirripl, 57 : 2. 10. s. of Shum-iddina, 109 : 8. 11. f. of Ah-ittan, 27 : 4. 12. f. of Baga’ddta' , 9 : 1, R. 13. f. of Bariki-ili, 108 : 14. 14. f. of BeUmurshu, 1 : 18. 15. f. of dBannu-ahesliu-ibiii, 9 ; 35 16. f. of laa-Esagila-lilbir, 7 : 16. 17. f. of Xinib-muballit, 11 : 19 ] 130 ; 27 \ 131 : 27 18. f of yinib-nddin, 11:6. 19. f. of Qnddai, 47 : 21. 20. f. of Sha-Marduk-ul-ini, 94 : 2. 21. f. of Ubdr, 123 ; 10. Bel(,BeP,^-nddin-sbumu (frequentl}’^ abbreviated Nddin- isJiumu, cf. e.g. 20 : 20). 1. s. of AM- BA- A, 91 : 6. 2. s. of Ardi-yirdb, sc., 77 : 16. 3. s. of Muraihii, 1 : 5, 7, 10, 12, 13 ] 2 : 1, 8, 9 ] 3 : 8, 9 1 4 ; 2, 6. 10, 16, 17, 19 | 5 : 5, 8, 14 | 6 : 7 | 7 : 5, 8 I 8 : 1, 3, 5 1 9 : 1, 5 I 9 : 8, 18, 21, 25, 28 | 10 : 3 | 11 : 1 I 12 : 1, 4, 7, 8 1 13 : 1, 5, 7, 8 I 14 : 1, 6, 12, 13 I 15 : 9, 10, 13 I 16 : 1, 6, 11, 12 | 17 : 1, 6, 11, 13 1 18 : 1, 7, 11, 12 I 19 : 1, 7, 12, 13 | 20 : 1, 6 | 21 : 2, 5, 8, 10 | 22 : 1, 4, 6, 7 j 23 ; 1, 6, 10, 11 | 24 : 1, 4, 8, 10 1 25 : 1, 5, 9 [ 26 : 1, 12, 13 | 27 : 1, 6, 9, 11 1 28 : 1, 5, 8, 10 [ 30 : 1, 4, 7, 9 [ 31 : 1, 5, 11, 13 1 32 ; 1, 6, 11, 12 1 33 : 1, 6, 12, 13 ] 34 : 1, 5, 12, 13 I :35 ; 1, 5, 10, 11 [ 36 : 1, 5, 10, 11 | 37 : 1, 4, 8, 9 I 38 : 1, 6, 9, 11 j 39 : 1, 5, 8, 9 j 40 : 1, 4, 7, 8 I 41 : 1, 6, 10 I 42 : 1, 5, 7, 9 | 45 : 1, 5, 11, 12 1 46 : 1, 7, 14, 15 | 47 : 1, 7, 12, 13 [ 48 : 1, 7, 11, 12 I 49:1, 6,9,11 | 50:7, 11 | 51 : 1,11, 13 1 53:2, 9, 14, 16, 18 I 54 : 1, 2, 10, 13 | 57 : 1, 4, 7, 8. 4. s. of Taddannu , 2 : 11 j 3 : L. E. ] 4 : 21, L. E. [ 5 : 15, L. E. I 16 : L. E j 17 : 14, L. E. 1 19 : 16 | 21 : R. E. 1 23 : 15 I 25 : 13 1 26 : 18 I 27 : 13, U. E. | 29 : R. I 31 : 14, L. E. j 33 : 15, L. E. | 34 : 17 | 38 : U. E. I 43 : 21 1 46 : 19 1 47 : L. E. j 48 : 14, L. E. 1 49 : 13 I 52 : 16, L. E. | 53 : 22, L. E. | 57 : 13 1 64 : 13 i 65 : 20 I 66 : 11, L. E. | 71 : 15, R. E. | 81 : 16, L. E. 1 92 : 17, U. E. | 117 : 17, Lo. E. 5. s. of Zimmd, bpaqdu sha Zabini, 102 : 10, 12, R. 6. f. of Murashu, 129 : 7. 7. f. of Ninib-abu-usur , 5 : 22 1 6 : 17 ] 7 : 19 | 14 : 22 | 16 : 21 1 17 : 20 1 18 : 22 | 19 : 22 | 20 : 19 ] 25 : 17 I 26 : 23 1 31 : 19 i 32 : 20 1 33 : 21 I 34 : 23 I 36 : 21 1 37 : 20 I 45 : 21 1 46 : 24 1 47 : 22 I 48 : 19 I 49 : 19 1 53 : 26 I 54 : 19 I 62 : 20 I 65 : 22 1 66 : 16 I 67 : 19 I 69 : 19 1 70 : 19 1 71 : 18 I 75 : 29 I 76 : 19 I 81 : 20 1 82 : 19 I 83 : 17 1 85 : 18 1 86 : 15 1 88 : 20 1 89 : 17 I 90 : 14 1 91 : 22 1 92 : 19 I 93 : 16 I 94 : 22 I 95 : 19 1 96 : 17 I 97 : 19 I 98 : 18 | 100 : 14 [ 101 : 29 | 102 : 22 1 103 : 15 | 113 : 17 | 114 ; 18 | 117 : 21 | 125 :22 I 127 : 19 | 128:22 | 129:20. 8. m. of Tirirakamma, 56 : 4. Identical with No. 3 (cf. IX. 68 : 1, 5, 8). BH-na-sir , BeX-nhdr 1. f of Bil-ah-ittannu, 118 : 36, R. E. 2. f of Nabu-midin, 118 : 35, R. E. 3. Mlaianu sha Bubi sha mQuharri, 84 : 11, Lo. E. BiP -Nippuru-ana-ashri-shu-ter{ BeP-EN-LIL-KI-KI-Bl- GI)\ (“Bel, restore Nippur to its place ”). s. of Nddin, 117 : 15, R. E. BH-ra-shi-il, BM-ra-shil J 1. s. of Bibdnu, b. of Nabii-iltannu, 58 : 4. 2. f of Nddin, 69 : 16. Bil{EN)-re'i-i-tum-BeE {“The lord of shepherding is Bel ”), s. of Nddin, 121 : 10 ] 125 : 19. Bil-re' a-a-ni, s. of Bcl-iltannii, 107 : 11. Bel’^-ere'u-'-shu-nu, s. of Baldtu, b. of Zamama-nddin, 1 : 15. Bcl-s u-pi-e-m u-hur, Bel-supe{ SIGlSHEpI)-mu-hur § 1. bardu sha Rhnut-Ninib , 126 : 10. tCf V R. 44. Col. II, 38. t[Cf Bel-ra-shi-il, Const. Ni. 568 : 17, and Ina-E-sag-ila-ra-shil, Const. Ni. 569 : 17, Ra-shi-ilu, Strassmaier, Carnhyses, 15 : 15. — Ed.] gCf the fern, names fBa-ni-tum-su-pi-e-muh-hur, Nbn. 508:3; fBanitu{-tu)-su-pi-e-mu-uh-ru, Bar. 379:49. 46 BUSINESS DOCUMENTS OF MURASHU SONS, 2. hpaqdu sha Arsham , 130 : 1, 11, 18, 19 | 131 : 1, 11, 18, 19 I 132 : 2, 10. Apparently identical with No. 1. Bel-shar-ihni, f. of Kiribti-Bel, husMarhari, 89 : 15, Lo. E. Bel-s7utr-usur 1. s. of Marduk-belshuim, b. of Apia, f'shaknu sha shuskannipl mar ahhisami {hisami). Cl : 16, U. E. I 65 ; 16, L. E. 2. 14 : 11. Bel-sM-man-ni, s. of Mdintum, 15 : 19 | 39 : 12 | 40 ; 14. Bel-shiim-ibni 1. f. of Bel-kisldr, gf. of Ninih-ah-iddina, 50 : 18 | 53 : 23, Lo. E. | 59 ; 18 | 66 ; 15 1 102 : 18 | 125 : 17. 2. f of Nahii-etir, 75 : 6. 3. f. of Remu-slmkim, 18 ; 3. Bel^-shum-im-hi, s. of Kidin, 16 : 9, 18, Lo. E. | 17 : 16, Lo. E. I 18 : 18 1 26 : 19 I 45 : 15 | 47, U. E. | 48 : 16, O. I 49 : 15, Lo. E., R. Bel-shiimdil-bir f (“Bel, may the name grow old”), not BH^ -mxi-she-zib-ahu (Vol. IX), s, of Nddin, hpa[qiuT\ sha Nippurki, or hpa[qudl\ sha ahulli E-MAIl (abbrev. MAU), 2 : 13 | 18 ; 19 | 19 : 19, U. E. 1 25 : 16 I 26 ; 22 I 36 : 16 ] 37 : 14 [ 45 : 17 | 46 : 21 1 57 : 15 [ 62 : 15 | 66 ; 12, Lo. E. | 78, U. E. I 80 : 16, Lo. E. 1 92 ; 17, U. E. | 93 : 13 | 98 ; 16 1 102 : 17, Lo. E. | 117 : 18, U. E. | 128 : 19. Bel-slium , s. of Banna, 77 ; 14. Bel-shu-nu 1. s. of Ahushumt, 22 : 12. 2. s. of Bil hulUtsu, b of Shum-vkin, hdaianu sha Ndr-Sin, 7 : 11, U. E. ] 8 : 8, Lo. E. | 18 : 14, U. E. I 20 : 12, Lo. E | 22 : 9, U. E. | 24 ; 11, L. E. | 25 : 11, L. E. I 26 : 15, R. E. | 32 : 14, U. E. | 34 : 15, L. E. 1 35 : 13, R. E. | 36 : 13, L. E. | 37 : 11, U. E 1 41 ; 12, IT. E. | 42 : 11, U. E. [ 45 : 13, Lo. E. 1 46 : 17, U.E. ] 50 : 13, U. E. [ 54 : 15, U. E. | 122 : 15, U.E. 3. s. of BH-niuballit, 130 ; 29, R. ] 131 : 29, R. E. 4. s. of Bullutd, 52 : 19 1 68 : 8. 5. s. of Di-e-eb-ra . . ., 50 : 6, 10, R. 6. s. of Iddina-Nahii, 33 : 18 | 34 : 20 | 71 : 5. 7. s. of Eare, 4 : 2, 14. 8. s. of Ldbdshi, 88 : 13, R. 9. s. of Mannu-ki \Nan'\d , 9 : 33. 10. 8. of Marduka, 107 : 12, L. E. ] 108 ; 11. 11. s. of Nabii-aqabbi, 123 : 12. 12. s. of Ndsir (identical with Ninib-nasir, No. 13, as their seals are the same), b. of Ninih-nadin, 4 : 23, U. E. I 41 : 15. 13. s. of Ninib-ndsir, 9 ; 33, U. E. | 21 : 13 | 38 : 14 | 50 : 15, L. E. I 58 : 11, Lo. E. | 59 ; 21 | 83 : 12, Lo. E. 1 84 : 14 I 113 : 14, L. E. | 132 R. 14. s. of Silim-ildni, 59 : 20. 15. f. of Baldtu, 4 : 25, R. | 33 : 16, Lo. E. | 34 : 18 | 62 ; 16, L. E. I 70 : 13, L. E. | 74, R. E. | 82 : 15 1 89 : 14, Lo. E. j 94 : 19, L. E. | 96 : 14 [ 100 : 13 | 102:16, Lo. E. ] 124:11. 16., T. of Barikki-BH, 7 : 18. 17. f. of Bel-ahe-iddina, 35 : 18. 18. f. of BH-hhtin, 125 : 2. 19. f. of Btbd, 62 : 2 I 125 : 2. Same as No. 17. 20. f. of Erish-BH and his brother, Iddina-BH^, 11 : 3. 21. f. of Eabii-erib, 4:2. 22. f. of Nand-nddin, 123 ; 9. 23. f. of Ninib-ndsir, 83 ; 12. 24. f. of Rhnitt, 122 : 14, Lo. E. 25. f. of Rtmut-Ninib, 78 : 11. 26. f. of 8hirki-Bel, 130 : 31 1 131 : 28. 27. f. of Shttld, 59 : 22 I 119 : 18 | 120 : 14. 28. f. of Shulum-Bdbilu, 13 : 2. 29. f. of Shum-iddina, 61 : 20, U. E. ] 62 : 16. 30. f. of ittannu, 30 : 11. 31. ksipirri sha Murashu, 129 : 10. 32. ksipirri sha Rhnut-Ninib, 127 : 9, 12 ] 128 : 10. 33. hardu sha lak-ti, 58 : 12. 34. 121 : 2. BeV-su-li-e-shi-me (“Bel, hear the prayer”)^, s. of Ld- bdshi, b. of Shum-iddina, 55 : 12. Bel-taz-kur-shu , (IX), read Bel-ana-mdtishu, q. v., see Introd. Bel-u-qya-qa, abbrev. from Ana-Bel-updqa. 1. s. of Bel-etir, see Ana-Bel-updqa. 2. s. of Iddind, 123 : 10. t The prset. of labdru is formed on i as well as u. Delitzsch, Handw'drterbuch, only on u; Muss-Arnold, Con- cise Diet., p. 471, questions i. Cf., however, li-il-bi-ir pa-hx-u-a, V R. 66: 13, and Ina-E-sag-ila-lil-bir, Bar. 7 : 15, alongside of Ina- E-sag -ila-lil-bur. Bar. 128 :4. X Sulu, “prayer,” a formation similar to supd, from nSx, “to implore,” which is a synonym of DSD. Cf. Delitzsch, Ilandworterbuch, p. 567. DATED IN THE KEIGN OF DARIUS II. 47 BiliBfP'f-u-s'irshii, BfH-usur-shii (Ar. docket iy'VX'7D stj: j::;, i-ie. E) 1. s. of Bt'l-abu-usur, hsJiaknu s7ia fi$Jiushannipl sha kstib shshaknu sha bha-am-qa-da-u-a, S3 ; 16. 3. s. of Bt l-nddin, 1 ; 18. *B7l-za-bad-du (cf. Pa. 13T13J), s. oiBisn, 133:1, 19. ByJ-c7r-iddina 1. f. of Zabdiia, 54 : IS, Lo. E. | TO : 16, Lo. E. 3. f. of Uballitsu-Bel, 103 : 5. 3. f. of UbalUtsu-Xabu, 103 : 5. 4. bdaianu sha Apl 91 : 17, R. E. Bil , s. of yinib-itir, 110 : 11. B<1 (?) , s. of Ninib-ndsir, 51 : 30. BH , s. of Shum-iddina, 135 : 19. Bil s. of ba-a, 87 : 13. Bfl f. of Bel-al-iddina, 117 : 18, L. E. BH , f. of ganni’, 34:17. Bi-ba-a (Ar. docket K3'2, 135 : R.), Bi-ha IX 1. 6 . of BH-itiannu , b. of Bel- -ittannu , 33 : 3. 2. s. of Belshunu, b. of Bcl-hhtin, sha hhatj-i sha bit hSin-mdgir, 63 : 3, Lo. E. | 125 : 2. 3. 6 . of Ea-nddin, 51 : 17, U. E. 4. s. of Iddina-Bel, b. of Xinib-muhallit, 47 : 3. 5. s. of Shum-iddina, 99 : 14, Lo. E. 6. s. of Uhumana’, 9 : 33, L. E. Bi-ba-nu 1. f. of Ahushunu, 63 : 14 | 111 : 14, R. E. | 115 : 30. 3. f.of BH-rashil,b% :b. 3. f. of Nahu-ittannu, 58 : 5. 4. hmdr bit sha Shulum-Bdbilu, 91 : 11, 14, R. Bi-bi-ibni (KAK), f. of Dahilta’, 77 : 15. *Bil-la-e, f. of Zabini, 1 : 19. *BU-ili-a-kal{ribyri\ {^Bethel-a-kaliiyri), 132 : 4. Per- haps kal is mistake of scribe for dar. Bi-sa-a 1. s. of Barikki Shamesh, 90 : 2, 7, R. E. | 122 : 3, 7, 10. 2. s. of Bel-abu-usur, 107 : 10, Lo. E. 3. f. of Bel-zabaddu, 133 : 1. Bul-lut-a , Bul-ia-a IX 1. s. of Iddina-Bel, 5 : 3. 3. f. of Ardia, 4 : 36 | 26 : 31 | 41 : 14 | 45 : 16 | 50 : 16, Lo. E. 1 69 : 18 | 72 : 14 | 75 : 15, U. E. | 83 : 13, U. E. 1 91 : 30, L. E. | 92 : 18. 3. f. of Belshunu, 52 : 19 | 68 : 8. 4. f. of Ninib-ana-bitishu, 26 : 2. 5. f. of Rahim-ill, 89 : 14. d Bu-ne-ne-ibni, f. of Ubdr , 13 : 12 1 31 : 11 | 37 : 13 | 38 : 13 1 71 : 14, U. E. *Bu-ur -ha-ad (cf. Na. s. of Dadapirna’ , 58 : 14. Bushi-Bel IX, see Makkkr-Bel. *Da{ta)-ab-da-ma-’ ,% f. of Bariiha’ , 119 : 16 | 120 : 13. * Da{ta)-bi-ia-ash-ta . . . . , in ndruBabiiashta. . . , 83 : 3. -*Da-da-pir-na-' , || f. of Burhad, 58 : 14. Dad-di-’, cf. Tad-di- Da-di-ia, Da-di-id, 1. s. of yab{i-ndsir{‘!), 7 : 13. 2. 44, Lo. E. I 65 : 4 I 88 : 4. Da-ah-hti-u-a [or He’ i(DA)-ahhua‘! — Ed.], f. of Minu-Bel- ddnu, hrabu-um-jna, 101 : 24, Lo. E. + [The use of Bit-ill as a god (cf. Vol. IX, p. 42) in the above name and Const. Ni. 537 : 11, is West-Semitic (cf. Zimmern, K. A. TI, p. 437,f.). In view of tlielast syllable “ ri” (cf. Ed. Preface) we expect a West-Semitic root as second element, beginning with a guttural and ending in r, in other words TIT, so commonly found in this class of names. I am therefore inclined to regard the character read KAL {RIB, DAN, etc.) above, as identical with the sign found in .lohns, Assyr. Deeds, III, in 413 and p. xv, and other names, i.e., as a mere variant (no scribal error) of the sign DIR (Briinnow, List, 3717), on the occasional similarity of which with DAN, cf Delitzsch, A. L.*, p. 129 (Xo. 178), and p. 124 (Xo. 89). The two names accordingly would mean: Bit-ili-a-dir-ri, “ B. is helping” (Part.), and A-dir-Ua-an (.lohns, l.c.),“ God Hun is helping.” Possibly DIR also had the value DAR (cf. A-dar-ri-ill and Ua-da-ri-ill. — Ed.] ^[This name is probably to be read Puur-ha-at and identical with the name Fir-rii-ha-a-tu, below, there- fore Persian. — Ed.] 3 [Or D{T )aM{t)aha' ? If we read Ta-ab-da-ma-’ , the name maybe translated “God Dama’ is good”(cf. Tdb- Bel, Tah-sR.-Eshara, etc.). For the phonetic writing Da-ah cf Da-bi-i { = Tdhi, Johns, Assyr. Deeds, Xo. 58, R. 5), compared with DUG-GA-i {ib., Xo. 277, R. 5, and Vol. Ill, p. 494). As to the god dDamu cf Zimmern, Shurpu, VII, 78, Hommel, Aufs. und Ahh., pp. 464, f, and Ranke, Personennamen der IJammiirabidynastie, p. 17. — Ed.] [Pe. Read Da-da-pir-na-’ , cf — Ed.] 48 BUSINESS DOCUMENTS OF MUEASHU SONS, * Da-Jii-il-ta- (Ar., abbrev. — Ed.), s. of Bi-hi-ihni, 77 : 15. dBaian-nadin, s. of Nidintum, 6 : 9, L. E. * Da-la-ta-ni- [Ar. “Thou hast saved (?) me,” cf. Bahu-da-la- (IX), Naslihu-dillni (Johns) — Ed.] 1. s. of Sulubada, 119 : 13 [ 120 : 9. 2. f. of Hinni’-Bel, 43 : 1. 3. f. of Shamash-ittannu, 38 : 3. 4. 80 : 3. Da-mi-ia (“My child”?),] hgipirri sha bdbi sha mOubarra, 128 : 18, U. E. Danni(e, a,) -a 1. s. of Iddind , 5 ; 1, U. E. | 13 : 13 1 16 ; 17 ] 17 : 15 ] 18 : 18 I 19 : 17 1 21 : 15 I 22 : 12 | 25 : 14 (?) ] 26 : 21 I 27 : 15 I 28 : 12 I 31 : 16 1 33 : 17 I 34 : 19 I 36 : 16 I 37 : 14 I 43 ; 22 I 46 : 20 I 48 : 15 I 49 : 14 I 50 : 15, Lo. E. I 53 : 21, U. E. ] 57 : 13 ] 65 : 19 | 71 : 16, K. I 80 : 17 I 81 : 15 1 84 : 16 | 85 ; 14 | 88 : 18 I 89 : 13 I 92 : 16 I 96 : 13, L. E. ] 100 : 12, L. E. 1 103 : 12 I 130 : 25, L. E. | 131 : 24, L. E. 1 132 : 23, Lo. E. 2. s. of Nddin, gs. of Mannu-Bel-Jihtin , b. of Ninib- nadin, 27 : 12 ] 71 ; 13, L. E. ] 88 : 14, Lo. E. 3. s. of Shum-ukin, gs. of Shiriqtim, 2 ; 16 ] 4 : 25 U. E. I 33 : 20 1 34 : 20. 4. s. of ,5 : 16, 17 1 32 : 17. 5. f. of Ardi-Ninib, 54 : 17. 6. f. of L’cLs/iMTO.. .. 77 ; 14. 7. f. of Silim-ilnni, 80 : 15, U. E. | 82 : 14, R. E. | 97 : 16, L. E. 8. in dlujlusscti sha mj)annd, 37 : 5, 6. dBan-nu-aJie-shu-ibnijX s. of Bel-nddin, 9 : 34, U. E. Ban-nu-Nerfial , f. of Nergal-Hir, 24 : 18. *Ba-ara'i-a-mush — 'Da,Y\\\s, II. King of Persia, Aramaic docket tyin'n, 78 : R. (Pe. Bdri{a)7/awn{h)iish) ,% 4 ; 29 1 17 ; 21 1 21 : 4, 17 ] 25 : 5, 18 ] 27 : 5, 18 ] 30 ; 3, 15 I 44 ; 15 | 48 : 20 | 49 : 20 j 54 : 20. *Ba-a-ri-ia-a-mush, 5 : 2, 23 j 7 : 6, 20 | 9 : 36 [ 14 : 5, 23 1 15 : 22 1 23 : 4, 20 | 47 : 6, 22 [ 52 ; 6, 25 | 79 : 16. *Ba-ra-a-mush, 118 : 2, 19, 39. * Ba-ra-id-mush, 41 : 19. *Ba-ra-mush, 108 : 16. *Ba-ar-ia-a-mush, 45 : 22. * Bar-id-a-mush, 121 : 14. *Ba-ri-a-mush, 16 : 4, 22 ] 19 :-^3 1 31 : 20 ] 33 ; 22 | 35 ; 22 I 36 : 22 I 50 : 2, 21 ] 118 ; 2. * Bar-id-mush, 111 : 19. *Ba-ri-ia-a-mush, 2 : 7, 18 | 3 : 7, 19 [ 6 : 4, 18 | 8 : 14 | 10 : 17 I 11 : 12 I 12 : 3, 14 | [13 : 16] j 18 : 6, 23 ] 20 : 20 1 23 : 15 I 24 : 3, 20 | 25 ; 18 ] 26 : 5, 24 ] 28 : 17 1 34 : 4, 24 | 35 ; 5, 21 | 37 : 21 | 38 ; 4, 16 | 39 : 4, 19 I 40 : 3, 19 | 43 : 18, 24 ] 46 : 6, 25 j 51 : 23 I 53 : 15, 17, 27 | 56 : 3 ] 57 : 3, 18 | 58 : 3, 17 ] 59 ; 23 I 60 : 24 1 61 : 6, 22 [ 63 ; 21 | 63 : 3, 17 | 64 ; 16 I 65 : 3, 13, 33 1 66 ; 2, 8, 17 | 67 : 4, 19 [ 68 : 1, 11 I 69 : 4, 10, 30 | 70 ; 3, 20 | 71 : 3, 10, 11, 19 | 73 : 18 I 73 : 15 | 74 : 23 (?) ] 75 : 4, 20 [ 76 : 8, 20 I 77 : 18 I 78 : 3, 13 [ 80 : 2, 19 | 81 : 3, 21 | 82 : 2, 9, 30 1 83 ; 3, 9, 18 | 84 : 4, 8 | 85 : 3, 9, 19 | 86 : 2, 17 1 87 : 3, 16 | 83 ; 3, 21 [ 89 : 1, 6, 18 | 90 : 2, 7, 15 1 91 : 3, 23 1 93 ; 3, 20 | 93 : 3, 17 ] 94 : 33 | 95 : 1, 20 1 96 : 1, 18 1 97 : 5, 20 | 98 : 19 | 99 : 18 ] 100 : 2, 15 I 101 : 3, 19, 30 | 103 : 3, 23 [ 103 : 2, 17 | 104 : 12 I 107 : 6 1 109 : 4, 12 ] 110 : 16 | 111 : 3 [ 112 : 21 1 113 : 2, 7, 18 ] 114 : 3, 19 | 115 : 4, 21 | 116 : 16 1 117 ; 3, 7, 11, 32 | 119 ; 20 \ 123 : 2, 19 ] 123 : 3, 14 1 124 : 16 | 125 ; 33 | 126 : 3, 16 | 137 : 2, 8, 20 I 128 : 2, 9, 23 | 129 : 3, 9, 31 | 130 : 33 \ 131 : 33 I 132 : 26, *Ba-7-i-ia-miush, 1 : 23 ] 32 : 21 | 42 : 18 [ 55 : 17. *Ba-ri-mush, 39 : 1, 7, 20. *Ba-ri--mush, 120 : 15. [* *]Z)«-c-c&-j’a. . f. of Belshunu, 50 : 6, R. Bi-e-ki, cf. Shulum-Bdbilu. *Bu-il-ia-a-hab-be\\ (cf. Bcl-ia-a-hab-bi ), s. of Ahdaga, 119 : 17 I 120 : 13. Bu-um-muq, f. of Nmib-gdmil, 24 : 19 | 38 : 15. •[[Unless hypokor. of a name containing the god Bamu (cf. footnote to B(T)ab-dama ') — Ed.] X Written without the determ. hama»li, f of A'nbb-fri»h, 51 : 3. EruJi-B>l(dEy), of Bihhunu, li. of Iddina-Le! , 11 : 3. E-U-ru , f. of Re mu-»hukun ,TA : 11. *Ga-bar,-Tia-a, 101 : 10. * Oa-da-al-Ia-a-ma IX, G a-du-la-hi-a-ma , s. of Shahbatai, 7 : 16. [* *] Ga-la-la-an {-nu) ,X Ga-la-la-nu, m dl- uBit-m GidulAnu, 17 ; 6. *Ga-li-ia, in dluGaliia, 54 : 4, 10. *Gar-gu-usJi, of. Kargush. * GasJiur IX, read Remu-sUuknn, q. v. Gimil{SHU)-Shami-7ia.-fX 1. f. of Shamesh-Undar, 33 : 19 | 34 : 22. 2. f. of Shamesh-rahiia, 20 : 2 | 125 ; 20. *nn-na-na IX, lla-na-naA , Ua-na-an-na, bqjaqdu slia Ldbdshi, 127 ; 5, 9, 11, R., and in AluBit- IJanana', 127 : 4. * lju-na-7u- ' (IX), Ha-an-na-ni-’ , IJa-an-ni-' (Ar. docket ’Un, 132 : R.) 1. s. of Rei 24 ; 17. 2. s. of MinaliTihm , sha anamuhlvi issunolL sha shatri, 128 : 15, L. E. 3. s. of Nintb-etir, b. of Ottbba, 61 : 2. 4. s. of Tdbia, 132 : 1, 19. 5. s. of Tuh-Idma, b. of Bana-Idma Zabad-lhma, Zabina’, 118 : 1, 18, 30. 6. s. of Udariia’ , 84 • 15 [abbrev. from Qananudnia —Ed.]. Ha-na-?u-Ia-a-ma IX, Ha-na-nu-Ia-a-ma, s. of U’darna’, 7 : 14. Ha-an-ni-ia, 119 : 9. ^Ua-an-na-ta- (cf. Pa. i^nin),]:]; s. of Nabii-rahl, 109 : 3. * Ha-nun IX, Ha-nu-nu (cf. Pin, unpublished docket, Vol. IX, 87), s. oi Ninib-imn, 8 ; 2. * IIar-bnt-a-a,n, Har-ba-ta-nu, Har-bat-a-mt, Har-bat- ta-im, Har-ri-ba-ta-nu (cf Pe. Xarbdddn) 1. s, of Shum-iddina. 79 : 14. 2. s. of Zumbu , 2 : 14 j 72 : 15 j 94 : 21 ] 125 : 18 | 127, U. E. 3. hpa[qndl 12, Lo. E. | 21, U. E. ] 28, Lo. E. ] 30, Lo. E. I 38, R. * lla-7‘i-im-ma- (Pa. ’O'tn, Bi. D’ln, cf. Ha-ri-ma a, Johns, Assyr. Dooinsday Book, p. 46). 1. f oUn-barakku, 119 : 12. 2. f of Shamesh-barakku, 120 : 8. *IIa7'-Hur-ina-m (cf Pe. Ilunnnzd, ’Qpoyai^qc. Perhaps containing the Eg. Horns), §§ s. of Na’ sea, 23 ; 3. t[Cf. also Ha-ba-su (Johns, Assyi'. Deeds, No. 66, E, 2) and Ha-ha-si {1. c.. No. 434, O, 8), while the female name Uamhusu (according to the Ar. docket on .Tohns, 1. c.. No. 233, WUn) must be compared with the Ph. Cf .Johns, 1. c., Vol III, p. 99.— Ed.] ] Cf IJa-bn-si-ri, Him. 176: 7 ; Camb. 257:4, 11 | 268: 5 ; Bar. 48: 12 ; fHa-ba-sir-tvm, Mn. 765: 5. §[In Vol. IX I compared this name with Bi. Klip, ’Adavag. But in view of such writings as lli-in-dar (Vol. X, 10 : 8, L. E.) Ilindar= Jl-lindar= lli-Undar{ib.,\\. 1 and 9), or Ilvl-a-di-nu (Strassmaier, Neriglissar . . : 7) = Iliadinu = lU-iddlnu (cf Editorial Preface), it may also he possible to inteipret Hadannuia) = Had-dannu{a) = Haddu- dannu(a), “God Had (= Iladad) is powerlul,’’ and lo compare Pa. pnn = mMotiAiia/f. — Ed.] I [Probably = dHim-maruru, cf. Han-dashanu, below, and Bi. PIIP, Np. "tin . — Ed.] 1 [= “ The man Irom Hamath (Ppn) or Hammalh (n?n).— Ed.] ft [Written Ha-an-da-sa-ni, Johns, Assyr. Deeds, 113 : O, 3 | 119 : O, 3.The well-known god Hi, 90 : 3. * lli-li-in-dni\ ] (in Vol. IX to be read Shamesh-U-in-dar), s. of Bel-ittannu, 19 : 4. * Ili-na-tan-nu (cf Ar. 1. f of Apia, 55 : 15. 3. f of Ribdt, 7 ; 16. * IU-za.-had-dn{za-ba-dii IX) , s. of Apia, 33 ; 19 | 70 : 14, L. E. *d ll-te-hi-ri-aM ([= Ed.] cf AUehri-nim') , s. of Hiauiu , 99 : Pi. *dll-te-eh-ri-miri-' [ = 'lU-’intJ^SN _ Ed.], in dluRit- ■mdlltchvknuri' , 34 : 6, 9. Ilu-abu-usur, s. of Lamassu-nadin, 44 : 3. *Iln-li-in-dar, Il(u)-in-dar,^ s. of Iddiiia-Bel, 10 : 1, 8, 9, L. E. Ilu-rabu{GA [j)-nadin, 101 : 9. lm-bi-ia{ut) , s. of A’idt/i. 8 ; 9 | 34 : 16 | 35 : 15 | 75 ; 16 | 83 : 13, U. E. I 94 : 19, R. | 98 : 15, Lo. E. \ 101 ; 38 | 113, U. E. Ina-E-sag-ila-Ul-bir, s. of Bel-nadin, 7 ; 15. Ina-E-sag-ihi-ra-shil ] 1. s. of Kind, 107 : 10, L. E. 8. f. of Nabu-shara’ , 136 : 13, U. E. I/ia(‘!)-eshshi-etir, s. of Ninib-ileU., 109 : 9. lna-silli-blt-shu-me-ilu{'!), s. of Liblut, 87 : 13 | 116 ; 11. ■f[Cf note to Hadannu. — Ed.] X Cf footnote, p. 45. DATED IX THE REIGN OF DARIUS II. 53 li \-9t "t-Xinib, abbrev. Silhi-Xinib, 29 : IS, Sillai, 130 ; 32. R. I 131 ; 31. 1. f. of X.idin, S : 12 I 12 ; 11 \ 22 : 13 | 28 : 16 | 29 : 15. 2. f. of 30 : 12. [Prob. id. with No. 1, cf. Const. NL. 610 : R. 4— Ed.] *Iy'-r'i-ti-du-pir-n)-il-ga-ad-du,\ harda sha Shum-iddina and Zabina', 33 : 3. *A7(?)-e(?)^a-«A■-^7^-’ [for the second element, cf. also Giin-dakka' and Kar-dakku — Ed.], 66 : 4. Ki-na-n , f. of Fn a- Esagila-rashil. 107 : 10, L. E. (cf. also Mukln-aplu). Ki-rib-H(tu ) 1. f. o^Ardia, 3 : 11 I 9 : 33, U. E. 2. f. of [Sha-]SrnbH:\-shu, 35 ; 3. Ki-rib-ti-Bel 1. s of Bcl-sh(ir-ibni, bushtarbari, 89 : 15, Lo. E. 3. 46 : 5. Ki-til-Bel\^, hsipirri sha liimut-Ninib, 137 ; 9, sha Miir- ashu, s. of Bel-nadin-shum, 139 : 10. f. of Shamma, 5 : 20. * KitO)-ti-mtt-nu, in nar mKittimanu, 139 ; 3. dKVD{Daianu ‘t)-ah-iddin, s. of Bel-Hir, 20 : 3. dKU R- GAL %- nadm, s. of Marduk-nddin, 99 ; 16. dKUR-GAL-u-pah-hir (Ar. docket "iriDllX), hye'u, hardu sha Ribdt, 105 : 10, R. Ku-sur-a || (not Kusur-aplu, Vol. IX), s. of Nana-nddin hshaknu sha ba-na-i-ka-im, 67 : 8, 14, L. E. \M-ba-ni-, Ln-bn-ni-ia IX (in Vol. IX read Laviani' , but cf. unpubl. docket Vol. IX ; 108, f. of JVd’id-Bil, [28 : 3] I 44 : 13. La-ba-shi, La-a-ba-shi, Ln-ba-a-shi (Ar. docket tJ'::'?, 59 : R.) 1. s. of Apld, 138 ; 19. 2. s. of Baldtu, sc., 2 ; 17 | 41 : 16 | 46 : 23 | 58 : 16 | 51 : 33 1 63 : 11 1 64 : 15 1 73 : 17 | 113 : 20. 3. s. of Bdnia, 101 ; 37, R. E ] 113 : 18, U. E. 4. s. of Bid-asu.n, b. of Bel-uUshu, 15 : 6. hshaknu sha Bit-Sham-ma-su-pi-it-ru-u. 5. s. of Iqishd, 14:3, Lo. E. 6. s. of Nubu-bcl-ubnllit, hpuqdu sha bit sharri, also sha bit mar sharri, hshaknu sha Nabu-nddin, 59 : 8, 13 1 95 : 3, 5, 11 | 101 ; 14, 15. 7. s. of Nddin , sc. 2 : 15 1 3 : 16 1 24 : 15 | 27 : 14 | 50 : 16 I 63 : 16 1 71 : 15, Lo. E. [ 73 : 13 j 93 : 13, U. E. 1 116 : 15. 8. s. of Shaggily hpaqdu(paqqadu) sha mDtindana' , 83 ; 5, 9, 11, Lo. E. | 89 : 3, 6, 9, U. E. 9. s. of JJmahhatre , hshaknu sha hrna-gul-la-ai, 81 : 5, 8, 11, 18, U. E. I 84 : 13, L. E. 10. s. of Ubdr, b. of Ardin, 2 : 15 [ 3 : 17 [ 14 ; 16. 11. s. of .... BUyll : 13. 13. s. of ...., 13 : 14 I 84: 18. 13. f. of Ardi-Gula, 55 : 15. 14. f. of Bel-ahe-iddina, 123 : 16. 15. f. of Bel-ddnu, 47 : 2. 16. f. of Bel-muba,llit, 130 : 39 | 131 : 39 | 133 : 23, Lo. E. 17. f. of Bel-siile-shime, 55 : 14. 18. f. of Liblut, 101 : 23, Lo. E. [ 118 : 33. 19. f. of Nd'id-Ninib, 130 : 39 [ 131 : 39. Same as No. 16. 20. f. of Silim-ilani, 35 : 17 [ 36 : 19 | 57 : 16 ] 63 : 12 | 73 : 4 I 75 : 17 1 87 : 11 1 134 : 13, U. E. 31. f. of Shum-iddina, 55 : 14. Same as No. 17. 32. m. of Ilananna and ilinahhim, 137 : 4, 5, 11, R. U. E. 23. sha hhatri sha harshammai, 113 ; 3. La-kip, Ijg-ki-pi IX 1. s. of Bel-asua, hgardupatuni, 118 : 34. 2. 8. of Ninib-rnuhallit , 61 : 19. 3. f. of Bel-ittannu, 60 : 6 4. f. of Itti-Shamash-baldtii, 10 : 13. 5. hgarduj)atum, 95 : 11. d Lamass u (IdKA L-KAL)-nddin 1. f. of Ru-nbu-usur , 44 : 3. 2. f. of BH-ittannu , 6 : 16 ] 45 ; 20 | 61 : 18, L. E. [ 78 : 10. *Lib-gi-ia [cf. Nar-gi-ia — Ed.] Lib-lut 1. s. of Baldtu, 68 : 9. 3. s. of Ldbdshi, 101 : 33, Lo. E. [ 118 : 33. 3. s. of Ninib-erba, 48 : 3 ] 49 : 18. 4. 8. of Shirka’ , b. of Shabatai, 39 : 2, L. E. 5. 8. of Ina-silli-bit-shu-me-ilu(it) , 87 : 14 | 116 : 13. Li-na-du-ush-a-na{ana)-Bel (“May he be rejuvenated for Bel”), hpalqud] sha Sippara, 75 : 8, 12, L. E. I [Probably to he ycaA Hah-il-Ga-ad-du. The second element represents the West-Semitic "IJ “fortune” and “ god of fortune ” (Fortuna), contained also in several Bi. names. Cf. Baethgeu, RciVugre Semit. Religions- gesehichte, pp. 76, fl.; Lidzbarski, Ilandbuch, p. 249; Zimmern, K. A. pp. 479, f. — Ed.] I [Possibly to be read Ki-din-BH{dEN-LlL). — Ed.] KUR-GAL instead of Shadu-rabh (Vol. IX) is preferred until the exact rendering of "ON is determined. Cf. Intro., p. 8. II Cf. Ku-sur-ra-a, Bar. 154:1 ; also Introduction, p. 16, DATED IX THE EEIGX OF DARIUS II, 55 Li-jiu-uh-lih-bi-iUini-^ (“May the heart of the gods be appeased”), husJitarbari sha sham', 91 : IS, U. E. L>,- Lu-u-di-ia. Ln-^i-idi(n))-ia 1- f- of Xin ib-a n a-bifish » . IS : 21 ] 19 : 21 | 25 : IG | 35 : 15 I 60 ; 16 I 66 : 14, U. E. j 67 ; 12, U. E. | 93 ; 14 1 117 ; 19, U. E. | 130 : 27, U. E. | 131 : 26, U. E. 2. SO: 11. Lu-.. .'-hi-ia, f. of Bil-nadtn, 108 : 14, ^lalkur{XIG-G A)-Bil j: (ia Vol. IX read Busht-BeP) , s. of Apia, 59 ; 17, L. E. [ 60 ; 17, U. E. | 66 : 13 | 70 : 16. V ' ..-li-ia, Maii-n n-ki-ia LS:,§ h. of Iq'isha, 118 : 35. .Var,r,u(A-BA)-B:r--yiti>iiDA-Br) (“ Who [like] Bel is protecting”), II f. of gf. ot' Banna, 71 : 14. * Ml ii-nu-i-qa-bu, bpaqdu sha mAhiamanusJi, 84 : 17 | S.5 : 6. 9. U. E. *M'iri-nu-ki-i-i-la-hi-i (‘‘Who is like uiy god”) ^ [cf. Bi. — Ed.], s o[ Aqiibu, b of Uinnitni', 64 : 3. Ma u-n >i-(a)/:i-i-dXa-n a-a 1. s. of Xargiia. 39 : 3. 2. s. of Xidinta', 119 : 14 \ 120 : 10. 3. f. of BB-uidah, 33 ■. 3. 4. f of Birhhunu, 9 : 33 Man-nu-lu-hi-t! (Ar. docket NJO) 1. s. o^ Adarri-ih, 46 ; 2, L. E. 2. s. (ii Xabit-ltir, 47 : 20. Mar-dnk 1. f. of BB-ahu-Hshabshi, 129 : 5. 2. bushtarbari sha sharri, 15 : 16. Mar--ra-a-su sha ina pani m Gubarri, 97 : 16, Lo. E. Mard uk-be l-sh u-n u 1. f. of Aplh, 61 : 17. 2. f. of BB-shar-usur, 16 ; 17 | 65 : 17, L. E. Marduk-crib, f. of Shulum-Babilu, 39 : 13 j 40 : 12. Marduk-etir 1. s of Bel-iUannu, 54 : 17, U. E. 2. f of Shamash-nddin, 36 : 19. Marduk-h'ish, in OXuUmseti sha Marduk-erish, 114 ; 3. Marduk-iqlsha-an-ni, s. of Pada-dEsi' , 39 : 14. Marduk-nddin, f. of KUR-G AL-nhdin. 99 : 16. Marduk-u-shal-lim, f. of Bel-nadin, 57 : 2. Ma-at-ta-ni-Ia-a-ma (cf He. ^D^JUO), s. of Shirka’ , 83 : 14, R. E. dMil-hi-abu-vsur, s. of Akkuddnu, 75 : 5. * Mi-na-a.h-hi-im, Mi-na-ah-M-nm, Mi-na-ah-hi-im-rnu IX, Mi-na-hi-im, 3Ii-n a-hi-mu 1. f. of llannani’, 128 : 15. 2. hpaqdu sha Ldbdshi, 127 : 5, 8, 10, L". E. 3. 118 : 4, 36. *Mi-iii-ia-a-me-en, 3fi-in-ia-me-e IX, Mi-in-ia-mi-i-ni IX (cf He. j'D;jp) [also Fraeiikel, 2?. A., XIII, p. 123— Ed.] 1. s. of Bdnia, 76 : 14, U. E. 2. s. of BB-abu-vmr, b. of Shahhatai, 65 : 18, U. E. | 84 : 13, Lo. E. | 85 : 12, Lo. E. Mi-nu-u-ana-Bel-du-nu, f of Bel-ittannu , 6 : 15. Mi-nu-u-Bel-da-na (u) (da-an) and ahbrev. Mi-nu-u, s. of Bahhua, hrabu-um-ma, 101 : 23, Lo. E. *3fi-is{z)-da-bi-gi-in [Be. = Mazda{ct Mia(i£oc)-bigna — Ed.], f of Ea-bullitsu, 69 : 14, Lo. E. * Mi-it-ra-a-ta, Mi-it-ra-ta (Pe. Mitral), m. of Xahish- tdbu, 114 ; 16, U. E. Mugurshu IX, to be read Matirshu, q. ®. 3[ukln-aplu {BU-A) [according to Vol. IX, pp. 10 and 92, to be read Kind, cf also Kin-ai, Johns, Assyr. Beeds, No. 404, R. 5 — Ed.]. Cf Intro., p.l6. 1. s. of Kdsir (ahbrev. from Bid-mukin-aplu, by comparison of the seals), bdaianu sha Xdr-Sin, 82 : 13, Lo. E. 2. f ot Xabu-bel-uballit, 15 : 17. 3. f of Ninib-ana-bUislm, 10 : 14. 4. f of Ninib-nddin, 28 : 15. 5. ill dluBit- mMukin-aplu, 51 : 6, 10. tCf Liifi-ra-as-lih-hi-ildrd, II R. i Cf Ma-ka-ur-Sin, Bu. 88. 5-12, C. T. IV. ;■ Probably an abbreviation for a name like Mannii-ki-Xand. Cf Man-ki-Xashuh, Man-ki-Si , Johns, Assyr. Boornsday Book, p. 75, and Becds and Bocuments, p. 452. This would be an example of a two-element hypokoristicon with the '‘kose” suffix. [Cf Ahi-BA-A, above. — Ed.] , Pos.sibly also Mannu-Bil-da-ri. Cf Shamash-da^'u (Johns, Assyr. Beeds, No. 89, O, 2), Sharru-hi-da-ri, 1. c., 150, seq. * Cf .\fan-na-a-ki-i-dlsh-tar-ia, “Who is like my Ishtar (= “goddess”).” Bar. 379:47. 56 BUSINESS DOCUMENTS OF MUBASIIU SONS, * ifu-la-ki-it, in HuHus^Hi sha mMnlakit, 114 : 4. Mu-}’a-nu. in aluBlt-mMaratiu, 33 : 6, 8 | 67 ; 6. Mu-i’a-sh ii-t'i (u) 1. s. of Bel-naiHn-shum u, m. of Ahushunu, Belshunii, and Kilil-Bel, gs. of Jltirashii, No. 3 (cf. Vol. IX, 101 ; 4), 139 : C, 11, 13. 3. s of Ribdt, 133 : 17, L. E. 3. f of Bel-nddin-shuinu. 1:5|3:1|3:3|4;7|5: 5 I 5 ; 11 I 6 : 7 I 7 ; 5, 8 I 8 ; 1 I 9 : 3 I 11 : 3 I 13 : 2 I 14 : 1 I 15 : 9 I 16 : 3 I 17 : 3 1 18 : 2 1 19 : 3 I 20 ; 1 I 21 : 3 I 23 : 1 I 33 : 2 I 31 : 1 I 35 : 1 I 26 : 3 I 27 : 1 I 28 : 3 I 30 : 1 I 31 : 1 I 32 : 2 I 33 : 2 I 34 : 2 I 35 : 3.1 36 : 2 I 37 : 1 I 38 : 3 I 39 : 1 I 40 : 1 I 41 : 1 1 43 : 3 I 45 ; 1 1 46 : 1 I 47 : 3 I 48 : 2 1 49 : 1 I 50 : 7, 11 I 51 : 3 I 53 : 2 | 54 : 3 | 57 : 1. 4. f. of Quddd , 46 : 13. 5. f. of Riniut-mnih, 29 : 3 | 43 : 3 | 44:1 1 53 : 3 j 54 : 16, II. I 58 : 6, 10 [ 59 : 3 | 60 ; 3, 13 | 61 : 1 j 63 : 1 I 63 : 7 1 64 : 6, 8 I 65 : 11 1 66 : 7, 10 I 67 : 7, 10 I 69 : 8, 13 | 70 : 7, 11 | 71 : 9 j 73 : 6 | 75 : 9, 13 I 76 : 6, 10 1 78 : 4 I 79 : 2 I 80 : 9 I 81 : 7, 10 I 83 : 7, 10 1 83:6, 10 | 84:6, 10 | 85 : 7, 11 1 86 : 5 | 87 : 14, 18 1 88 : 10 I 89 : 4, 8, 11 I 90 : 5 I 91 : 9, 13 I 93 : 8, 13 I 93 : 8 I 91 : 7 1 95 : 4, 8, 12 1 96 : 6, 9 1 97 : 10, 13 I 98 : 1 1 100 : 5, 9 | 101 : 15, 17, 20 [ 103 : 8 1 103 : 6 I 107 : 4, 7 I 108 : 1 I 109 : 2 1 no : 3 I 113 :3 | 113 :6, 9 j 114 :7, 10 | 117 : 5, 8 | 119 : 3 1 130 : 2 1 121 : 1 I 123 : 5, 8, 12 | 123 : 3 ] 124 : 4 I 126 : 7 ] 127 : 6 [ 128 : 7. 6. in (duB'd- mMuraslrn, 127 : 3. Mu-s7ie-zih 1. f of mnib-muballit, 55 : 1 | 73 : 5 | 77 : 9 | 78 : 7. 2. 11 : 4. Mu-xhe-zib-BH, 3f>/shf‘zib(KA R)-Bel 1. s. cA Addn-rammn, 126 : 14. 2. s. o^Bid-erixh, 39 : 15 j 40 : 13, 3. f of Bcl-bullitsu, 95 : 6, Lo. E. 4. f of Mardukft, 39 : 12. 5. f of Nabli-idri’, 67 • 15. 6. f of Nnlmnnn, 107 : 13. 7. f. of Shainash-muballit, 15 : 17. 8. f. of Zitti-N(tbi(, 101 : 27, U. E. Mu-she-zib-Marduk {AMAR-UD), f of Shamnsh-vnibcdlit, 6 : 13. 3fu-tir-shu, (3/ii-) 3Iiiiir{ G U R)-s7iu, 3Iu-tir-ri-shx( IX [not 3Iu(iurslnt, Vol. IX], f. of Ninib-nddin, 4 : 38 j 35 : 17. lAnid-BH (cf. in an unpublished docket, X^ol. IX, 108). 1. s. of Lnhani', 28 : L. E ] 44 : 11. 2. f. of Bel-idhabbi, 99 : 15, R. E. 3. f of Bel-ittannu, 18 : 3. 4. f. of Shuzubu, 18 : 19 | 19 : 20 | 20 : 18 1 56 : 20. 5. f. of Tad , 53 : 20. Nd'id-Ninib 1. s. of Ardi-Ninib , 15 : 20 | 116 : 13. 2. s. of LdbdsJii, b. of Bel-muballit, 130 : 28, R. E. [ 131 : 29, Lo. E. Nahu-ah{u)-erish, 115 : 5. N((bu -ah{u)- ittannu , s. of Nand-nddm sha ana mithhi isuBxiR sha ndrnarripiqud, 85 : 13, Lo. E. Nubu-ahr-iddina 1. f oi Bel-muballit, 16 : 14, U. E. | 48 : 13 | 49 : 12 | 78 : 9 1 114 : 13. 2. f. of JTiiub-mutirshii, 44 : 10 | 99 : L. E. (Identified by the seal iinpr.) 114 : 13 | 133 : 33, L. E. (Identical with No. 3 according to Vol. IX). 3. f. of mnih-ndsir, 4.33 | 16 : 14, R.(?) ] 17 : 19, R. [ 38 : 14 I 47 : 15, U. E. j 48 :13, R. | 49 : (12) U. E. | 93 : 15, Lo. E. 1 94 : 18, L. E | 95 : 15, L. E | 98: 14, U. E. I 113 : 17 ] 114 : 13 | 127 : 13. *Nabh-a-qa-ab-bi, JTabu-hn-qa-bi { IX ), f of Belshumt, 123 : 12. Wabd-ash-ka-a-ri-shi IX, read Nahu-ina-ka-a-ri-litmur. Nahii-b nldt-s u-iq b i 1. s. of Ahurid, 1 : 16. 2. s. of Bel-iksur, 1 : 20. jTabn-bel-uballit(-it) 1. s. of Baldtu , lishaknu sha hsipirripl, 7 : 4, 7, L. E. 2. s. of 3fukln-aplu, hdnianu sha IVdr-Sin, 15 : 16, R. E. 3. f of Ldbdshi, 58 : 8, 13 1 95 : 3 I 101 : 14, 16. 4. hdaiatm sha Bit- f Burushshdtu, 97 : 14, Lo. E. Nahh-hullit-sti, Nabu-bidlit{-lit)-su 1. s. of Shumd, 45 : 9. 3. f. of 'TaqisJ^, 37 ; 11 [ 41 : 2. Nadih-da-ai-mi, f. of Shita', 44 : 1!. Nabh-erib, s. of Belshunii, 4 : 3, 13. Nubh-erish 1. s. of Qimil-Shnmnsh, 51 : 2. 2. f. of Ill-bana’, 98 : 3. Nabh-etir 1. s. of Bel-shurn-ibni, 75 : 6. 2. f. of Bel-ittannu, 104 : 8. 3. f. of 3Iannu hd, 47 : 20. DATED IX THE EEIGX OF DAEIUS II. 07 (of. Bi. f s. of Mushhib-BH, 67 : 15. abbrev. from a name like Xabit-ina- limur (cf. Xabu-ash-ka-a-ri-sfti, above), ^ s. of 52 ; 18. Xtibv-ifUinnu 1. s. of B(l-i hgi-ti-pa-Unn, 101 : 26, U. E. | 114 : 13, Lo. E. 2. s. of B'ibanu, b. of Bel-ras7til, 58 : 4. Xabu-lti-sir, f. of Abu’ a, 51 : 4. Xubu-i-u-sur-sbu, s. of BB-7>uUitsu, 56 ; 16. Xabii-muballit(-{t) , s. of Ahu-Uti’, 51 : 5. X,ib{i-i„ i-xhe-tiq-urra ( U D-D A) 1. s. of Anhimma, 113 : 3, 8, 10, R. ] 128 : 3, 10, 12, R. 2. s. of Btl-iftannu, 64 : 14. 3. 113 : 3, 8, 10, R. E. Aabu-na-^i [apparently identical with the common X'abu (Xa-b>i)->ni-na-i-rui-t]iri-g7iiimu , s. of Xinib-muballit, b. of Ubdr, 18 ; 3. * Xabu-na-tnn-nu (cf. Ar. s. of Aq-bi-iVi, I'sMTinu »7in hghug7cannvpl rrUiri ^s7ia7:niitu, 64 : 6, U.E. Xubv-nAgirC;), ~ ■ 13. * Xabii-ra-hi-i (=* '>"'^-1, cf. also note under Adrahk)^ s. of IJannnta’ , 109 : 3. *Xahu-ra-hi-ia, s. of Bazuzu, b. of Apjld, 31 : 2, Lo. E. *Xabu-ra-pa-’ (Ar. docket cf. Bi. Sa. lli-rapa’a), s. of Ban-nddin, 119 ; 8 | 120 : 3. Xnhu-rk' u-g7iu-n u , s. of Xid'mtum-Bel, b. of Ah-iddinn, b. of Zubdii/i, 25 : 2. *Xahv-g7ia-Ta- ’ , s. o{ Ina-Ega(jila-ras7Lil, 126 : 11, U. E. Xahu-o-»7u-zib , s. of IdTinhbi-iit, 101 ; 16, 20, 21, U. E. * Xii,% hpaqdu s7ia mMitratu, 114 : 16, U. E. + Cf. llt-idri’, Xarift-idri, Voi. IX, and dSi’-idri, etc., Johns, Assyrian Doomsday BooTc, pp. 17 and 31. XQL Xabv.-irM-lM-a-'rv-lu-'mur, “ May I see X'ebo within the wall,” 1026: 3. Cyr. 67:9, 221:9. Cf. also Bel-iria-E-gag-ila-lv.-'mur, “May I see Bel in Esagil,” Dar. 7, 6, 21. SCf. Xi^hi-is-turri-Ut-a-bi, Dar. 274: 5, and also Bi. and Ar. nXi^nj. Cf. also Airil-na-hi-is7t-fum of the II Dj'n. of L*r, Z. A., XII, p. 334. In this age Awil in proper names is alwaj^s found in connection with the name of a god, cf. Ranke, Personal Names. Cf. also the names Nu7iiis7iu, Mii-na-ah-M-M-Mar-duTi, Nbn. 85:15. 58 BUSINESS DOCUMENTS OF MUEASHU SONS, Nana-hish 1. s. of Ninib-nadin, 4 : 4 | 59 : 17, L. E. | 117 ; 17, U. E. 2. f. oi Bariki-Shamesh, 7 : 10, Lo. E. | 14 : 16, L. E. Nand-nadin 1. s. of Bel-(i,bu-ti.stir, sha bshaknu Hnshshalisharm and (s7ia)imni {tashallishamiu), 117 : 16, L. E. | 124 : 5, L. E. ] 127 : 14, L. E. | 128 : 17, U. E. 2. s. of Belshumi, 123 : 9, Lo. E. 3. s. of Gubari, bdasJisIiiia, 91 ; 19, U. E. 4. s. of Quddd, 98 : 3, 10. 5. s. of Shulum-Bdbiht, 40 : 13 | 108 : 2, L. E. 6. f. of Bananna-erisJi, 59 : 21. 7. f. of Eribd, 67 : 14. 8. f. oiKusura, 67 : 9, 14. Id. witli No. 7. 9. f. of Nabii-ah-ittannu, 85 : 14. 10. bushtarbari, 102 : 20, K. ] 103 : 11. 11. 96 : 3, 8, R. Nar-gi-ia,\ f. of Mannu-kl-Nana, 39 : 3. *NaQ)-si-ka- , ia AluBit-mEasika’ , 124 : 2. Na-sir 1. f. of BeUmukhi-aplu, 67 : 13, R. 2. f. of Belshunu, 4 ; 23 [ 41 : 15. 3. f. of Winib-abu-usur, 27 : 3. 4. f. of Nimb-nddin, 4 : 23 ] 41 : 15. 5. f. of ShuUum, 87 : 5. 6. in Husseti sha mJSfddr, 72 : 3. *Na--dE-si [Egyptian, containing the name of Isis, Ar.- Eg. DN or 'DX— Ed.], s. of Pamunu, 81 : 17. *Na-''-si-e-a [Egyptian, id. with the previous name? — Ed.], f. of Harbasu, 23 : 3. Na-tu-e-ill-el, in AluBii-mJSfatuel, 54 : 6. Nergal-abu-usur, m. of Nihistmn, 5 : 10, 13. Nergal-da-a-mi, 84 : 3. Nergal{;})-etir{;t) , s. of Dannu{‘i)-]Iergal(fl), 24 ; 18. Nergal-ndsir, 115 : 7. Nergal-nddin-ahu, s. of Ardi-Bel, 12 : 12 |'60 ; 19. Ni-din-ta-a , Ni-din-ta- , f. of Manivu-ki-Nand, 101 : 4 | 119 ; 14 1 120 : 10. Ni-din-tum 1. s. of Alamar-dAnussu, 21 ; 3. L. E. 2. f. of BeGshimanni, 15 ; 19 j 39 : 12 [ 40 : 14. 3. f. of dBaiarm-ndditi, 6 : 10, L. E. 4. 3 : 3. Ni-din-tum- dA-num, s. of Shuld, 107 : 11 | 126 : 13, Lo. E. Ni-din-t urn (-tu) -Be I 1. s. of Bel-bullitsu, 9 : 32. 2. s. of Ninib-mubalUt, 121 : 11. 3. s. of Ninib-nddin, 11 : 10 | 107 : 13 | 126 : 15 1 130 : 33 I 131 : 32 [ 133 ; 35. 4. s. of Sin-7iddin, 4:5. 5. s. of Shamash . . .Aj, 53 ; 21. 6. s. of ShuUum , 60 : 6. 7. s. of , 33 : 2. 8. f. of Apld, 107 : 7. 9. f. of Ah-iddin, 25 : 2. 10. f. of Bel-a]i-ittannu, 9 : 33. Id. with No. 1. 11. f. of Bel-apal-usur , 1 : 20. 12. f. of Nabu-re’ushunu, 25 : 3. 13. f. of Ninib-erib, 16 : 20 j 17 : 3 | 110 : 4. 14. f. of Rihetu, 27 : 3. 15. f. of Shmnesh-bai'akku, 107 : Lo. E. 16. f. of Znbdiia, 25 : 2. 17. f. of . . . za-a, 35 : 3. Id. with Nos. 9, 12, 16. 18. [127 : 18] Ni-din-tum- Shamash, s. of Kar-dak-ku, bardu sha Artah- shari, 58 : 13, U. E. Ni-hiris-tum, s. of Lu-.-. bshanii, sha Nergal-abu-usur, 5 : 9, 12. *Ni-hu-ru (cf. Pe. Nixor or Bi. ?), f. of Bel-etir, 36 : 2. Ninib-ab a-usur 1. s. of Bel-nddin-shumu, sc., 5 : 23 | 6 : 17 [ 7 : 19 | 14 : 23 1 16 : 21 1 17 : 20 1 18 : 22 1 19 : 33 1 20 : 19 I 25 : 17 1 26 : 23 \ 31 : 19 | 32 ; 20 [ 33 : 21 | 34 : 23 1 36 : 31 | 37 : 20 | 45 : 31 [ 46 : 24 | 47 : 32 | 48 : 19 1 49 : 19 I 53 : 36 I 54 : 19 | 63 ; 20 | 65 : 23 J 66 : 16 1 67 : 19 ] 69 : 19 | 70 ; 19 ] 71 : 18 | 75 : 19 1 76 : 19 1 80 : 19 | 81 : 20 [ 83 : 19 | 83 : 17 | 85 : 18 1 86 : l i j 88 : 20 | 89 : 17 [ 90 : 14 1 91 ; 22 J 93 : 19 1 93 : 16 j 94 : 23 | 95 : 19 ] 96 : 17 | 97 : 19 I 98 ; 18 1 100 : 14 ] 101 : 29 1 102 : 22 ] 103 : 15 | 113 : 17 1 114 : 18 | 116 : 17 | 117 : 21 1 135 : 22 | 127 : 19 1 128 : 22 [ 139 : 20. 2. s. of Ndsir, 27 : 3. 3. s. of Shmn-iddina, 115 : 20. t [Cf. Pu. XJU. As to the writings Ni{e)r-gi-i, Ni-ir-gi-i, Na-ra-gi i, cf. Johns, Assyr. Deeds, pp. 40 and 53. — Ed.] ] [I am inclined to regard the sign E here as a variant of UN, one or two perpendicular wedges being frequently left out in the cuneiform characters of this period (cf. Vol. IX, pp. 16, fl'. ). Read therefore Na-tu-un-ili. Cf. the abbreviated name Na-tu-nu (Yol. IX). — Ed.] DATED IX THE REIGN OF DARIUS II. 59 JN7 r, ib-a in a 1. s. of ATtushunii, 90 : 11, U. E. | 93 : 16 \ 137 : 16 ] 139 : 15. 2. s. of Ardi-E-GAL-lfAff, paqud{pa) s7ia abullti Shibi Uru H, 2 : 12 | 4 ; 34, Lo. E. [ 14 : 18 ] 36 ; IT I 37:15 I 45:19 I 61:21,R. E. | 79:13,L E ] S3 : 16, r. E. I 96 : 16 1 103 : 13 | 127 : 15, Lo. E. 3. s. ot'Ardi-G^, 48 : 2, U. E. | 49 : 17. 4. s. of BcI-kMir, gs. of Bel-shum-ib/ii, 50 : 17 | 53 : 23, Lo. E. I 59 : 18 I 66 : 15 I 103 : 17 | 125 : 17. 5. s. of Iddind, b. of 49 : 3. 6. s. of ,3 : 13 I 53 : 17. 7. f. of Ahushunu, 90 : 13, U. E. S. f. of Ardbi , 70:13,U.E. | 80:18 [ 94:18 | 96 : 14 | 97 : 18, R. E. I 100 : 11, Lo. E. ] 103 : 16, U. E. 1 13o : 16, U. E. I 139 : 14. 9. f. ofBiddf, 111 : 16. JM'riib-^7b(rj)->/^b'^>jr, hardu sTia BH-ittannu, 56 : 5, 8, L. E. Xinib-a-na(a na)-biti-shu 1. s. or Bullutd, 26 : 2. 2. s. o f Liiidim, hptiqduipa) ska abulli Gula , 18 : 20 | 19 : 20 I 2.5 : 16 I 35 : 15 I 60 • 16, R. E. | 66 ; 14, U. E. 1 67 : 12, U. E. | 93 : 13 | 117 : 19, U. E. | 130 : 26, U. E. ] 131 : 25, U. E. 3. s. of Mukiri-fiplu, 10 : 14. *y inib-ha-nn (cf. Bel-ba-na, West-Sem.), 14 : 10. yinib-bfl-al^-gbu, s. of Upohhir-Bel, sc., 99 : 17 | 104 : 10 | 111 : 18 I 115 : 21. yinib-frba , yjnib-er-ba (IX) 1. B. of A^-utir, 4 : 3. 2. s. of Ardia, 68 : 10. 3. s. or yidintum-Bel, 16 : 19 | 17 : 3 | 110 : 4. 4. f. of Liblut, 48 : 3 I 49 : 18. 5. f. of yinUj-nddin , 4 : 20 | 13 : 11 [ 20 : 16 j 21 : 13 | 22 : 11 I 41 : 14 I 43 : 20 I 59:6. 6. f. of , 30 : 10. yjnib-frish, f. of Erib-Bel , 14 : 18 | 107 : 13. yinib-ftir 1. s. of AxjVf, b. of Bel-ibai, 104 : 9. 2. s. of Shum-iddina , 9 : 34. 3. s. of Zarabd, sc., 55 : 16. 4. f. of Bkl-oM-iddiria, 121 : 9. 5. f. of Bel-ittannu, 45 : 2. 6. f. of £eJ-...., no : 11. 7. f. or Bel-Tiat in, 109 : 10. 8. f. of Gahbd, 61 : 3. 9. f. of IJanno.nV , 61 : 3. 10. f. of Iqhhd, 38 : 3. 11. f. of yinib-iddina, 29 : 5. yinib-ga-mil 1. s. of Ahe-iddina, b. of Ninib-nhdin, 14 : 20 | 48 : 18 1 49 : 2. 3. s. of Dummuq, 24 : 19 | 38 : 15. 3. s. of Taddanu, 56 : 13. 4. f. of Baldtii, 56 : 15. yinib-ib-ni, Ninib-ibiii 1. s. of AbfU-liti' , 20 : 4. 2. f. or Ardi-Qula, 130 : U. E. 1 131 : 26, U. E. Ninib-iddina{MU) , Ar. docket s. of Ninih- etir. 29 : 5, 10. Ninib-ile’i, f. of Inai^.)-eshshi-etir, 109 : 9. Ninib-iqisha, s. of Iddina-Bel, 116 ; 14. yiidb-lu-kin, f. of Hanunu, 8 : 2. Nin ib-m uballit (-it) 1. s. of Bel-nadin , hardu sha iPurrushtish, 130 : 27, R. I 131 : 27. 2. s. of Iddina-Bel, b. of Biba, 47 : 3. 3. s. or Mushezib, 55 : 1, 9 j 73 : 4 | 77 : 9 | 78 : 7. 4. f. of Iddina-BH, 121 : 12. 5. f. of Kidin, 73 : 10. 6. f. of Lakip, 61 : 19. 7. f. or Nidintu-BH, 121 : 11. 8. f. of yinib-nddin-shum, 18 : 3. 9. f. of Ubdr, 18 : 3. 10. 104 : 3. yi)iib-mutir( GUR )-shu, Ninib-{mu-)mutir{ G UK)-shu, Ninib-mu.-tir-ri-shu IX and abbreviated Mu-tir- ri-shu IX 1, s. of Nab ii, -ahe-iddina, b. of Ninib-ndsir, b. of BH- muballit, 44 : 10 1 114 : 12 | 132 : 22, L. E. 2. s. of VballiUu-Marduk, 95 : 15, R. E. Ninib-na’id, s. of Iddind, 56 : 17 | 73 : 10. Ninib-nddin 1. s. of Ahe-iddina, b. of Ninib-gdmil, 48 : 18 | 94 : 2. 2. s. of Bcl-nddin, 11 : 6. 3. s. of Kdsir, b. of Bel-mukin-aplu, 56 : 14 ] 59 : 19 | 60 : 20, Lo. E. 1 60 : 20, Lo. E. 1 62 ; 17 | 63 : 12 | 73 : 12 1 75 : 18 j 86 : 11 [ 87 : 10 | 91 : 21 | 103 ; 14 1 128 : 21. 4. s. of Mukln-aplu, 28 : 15. 5. s. of Mutirshu, 4 : 28 j 35 : 17. 6. s. of Nddin, b. of Dannd, 79 : 1, 11, 13, L. E. | 88 : 14 I 115 : 17, L. E. 7. s. of Ndsir, b. of BeUhunu, 4 : 33. 8. s. of Ninib-erba, 4 : 20 1 13 : 11 ] 20 : 16 j 21 : 12 j 22 : 11 I 41 : 14 1 43 : 20 1 59 : 6. 60 BUSINESS DOCUMENTS OF MUEASHU SONS, 9. s. of Shamasli-nailin, sha hhiitri sha hshmhannivl ska hiti Hamatai, 16 : 3, U. E [ 17 : 18. 10. f. of : 11 1 23 : 10 | 36 : 18 | 41 ; 15 | 45 : 17 | 50 : 19 I 57 : 15 I 02 : 18 I 74, L. E. ] 75 : 18 | 76 : 17 1 80 ; 18 I 81 : 15, L. E. ] 90 ; 12 1 91 : 2 ] 96 : 15 I 100 : 12 I 103 ; 12. 11. f. of Ardi-Gula, 4 : 26 | 50 ; 17 [ 90 : 12, U. E ] 102 : 19. 12. f. of jSfanh-eri^h, 4 : 4 | 59 : 17 | 117 : 17, U. E. 13. f. of Nidintu-Bel , 11 : 10 | 107 : 13? | 126 : 15 [ 130 : 33 I 131 : 32 | 132 : 25. 14. f. of , 86 : 12. 15. 70 : 5 1 93 : 17. Ninih-na-din-shumu, s. of Ninib-muhallit, b. of Ubar, 18 : 3. Ninih-nasir, Ninih-na-sir (IX) 1. s. of Amel-Bil, 74 ; R. | 122 : 18. 2. s. of Ana~mutis7iii, 45 : 2. 3. s. of Ardi- mi, 107 : 9. 4. s. of Ashnr-UUffiyibni, 23 : 17. 5. s. of Bdnia, 52 : 23. 0. s. of Bel-iqishn, 17 : 3 [ 110 : 4. 7. s. of BeUhunu, 83 : 12. 8. s. of IJnnah, 124 : 12, R. E. 9. s. of Nab k-ahr-iddina , b. of Bel-mubalUt, b. of Ninib-mulirshu , 4 : 21 ] 16 ; 14, R. | 17 : 19, R. | 18 : 16 1 19 : 15, L. E. | 20 : 14 | 25 : 12 1 26 : 17 | 38 : 13 I 47 : 15, U. E. | 48 : 13, R. | 49[12], U. E. | 72 : 12 1 92 : 15, Lo. E. | 91 : 17, L. E. | 95 : 15, L. E. I 98 ; 14, U. E. [ 112 : 17 | 114 : 12, U. E. | 127 : 13. 10. f. of BiHs/iinui, 9 ; 33, U. E I 21 : 13 | 38 : 14 | 50 : 15, L. E. 1 58: 11, Lo. E 1 59 : 21 [ 83 ; 12, Lo. E. | 84 : 14 I 113 : 14, L. E. 11. f. of Jlcl , 51 : 20. 12. f. of Ttti-Bil-ba lata, 52 : 24. 13. f. of Shnld, 9 ; 36 ] 23 : 19. 14. f. of Shiim-iddAna, 29 : 15. 15. 113, Lo. E. Ninib-uballit(DIN-it), Ar. docket, hardu sha Rimut-Nirdb, 87 : 3, L. E. Ninib-ushabshi, s. of Bel-kishir, 130 : 26, Lo. E. | 131 ; 25, L. E. Ninth- , f. of Bel-rnukin-aplu, 113 : 16. Ni-qu-d.u , f. of RUM, 125 : 15, L. E. Ni-is-har-BM, Ni-is-sa-har-Bel IX, f f. of Ardi-Ninib, 35 : , 20 . Nur-mdti-Sin, f. of ShiriqUm, 14 : 3. Nusku-nadin, s. of Ardi-Gula, 132 : 22, R. Nusku-ushahshi{-shi) , f. of , 118, 39. *Pa-da-ni- dE-si-', Pa-da-ni-E-si- , Pa-da-an-E-si- [Containing the Egyptian goddess Isis. Is the first element to be read Patan{i) and Egyptian ? —Ed.], cf. ’DN03 and [OOX,]: 1. f. of Marduk-iqishaniii, 39 : 14. 2. loishtarbari sha sharri, 15 : 15, U. E. *Pa-a-ni- dE-si- [cf. Pa-ni-iU, abbrev. from a name like “ May I see the face of Isis !” or is pdni Eg..? — Ed ], bdaru sha Pitibiri’, 129 : 18, L. E. *Pa-rnu-im, Eg., cf. Ar.-Eg. [03 [“Belonging to Amon ”• — Littmann]. 1. f. of Na'-dEsi, 81 : 17. 2. hshaknu sha hshushannipl sJta nakkaiidu, hardu sha mArtahishari, 88 : 9, 12, L. E. Pa-ki-ki [perhaps Egyptian — Littmann], hshaknu sha biti hrab hiiashpatri, hardu sha Qubarri, 84 : 5, 8, R. E, I 85 : 15, U. E. *Pa-te-e-shu [Egypt. ‘i=Pat6-Eshu, “Gift of Isis”, cf. B. A.. I, pp. 350 fi’.— Ed.], 33 : 4 I 37 : 3. PA-SUEki-ai [probably to be read Isinnai—Ed.}, f. of Shabahtani’, 130 : 23 j 131 : 23 | 132 ; 21. *Pi-il-lu-Ia-a-ma (Bi. f. of IsJiribi-Iama,Qb : 10, R. *Pir-ri-na--ni-ish% {Vo), hardu sha mKargush, hshaknu sha hash-te-ba-ri-an-na, 76 : 4, 9, 11, R. * P ir-r i-na-za-a-ta{tu) [Ee.—^Farnah-zdta, “Born to happiness,” cf. •tapva^adpq^, also Pehl. Parruxzdt and Nco-Pers. Pdrruxzddh—Ed.l, hdaianu sha ndrijarripiqud, 92 : 14, Lo. E. *Pir-ri-mi-ush (cf. Pe. lle/miwc, or Farahanosh “!) , m. of Barikia, 103 : 4, 5, L. E. *Pir-ru-Tia-n-tu [Pe., apparently id. with Pu-ur-ha-at (see Bur) a\)oyo,= Frahdta, Phrahates, Neo-Pers. Ferhdd — Ed.] hpaqdu sha Ibradusirna’ , 114 : 6, 9, Lo. E. *Pi-it-i-bFri-’ [Egypt.— Ed.] [cf. the Eg. nn3n3— Litt- maiin], m. of Bau-nadin, Bel-ahu-ushabshi, Pdni- Esi', 129 : 4, 5, 10, 13, 16, 18, 19, U. E., L. E. Pu-uh-hu-ru || 1. f. of Shainash-kdsir, 23 ; 18. 2. f. of Sh'um-iddina, 44 : 1. fCf. also Upahhir-Bel, below. t Suggested by Dr. Littmann. Cf. tlla-na-ta-E-si-' , Ni. 560. gPerliaps identical with the name Pir-ri-nu-ush below. II For Puhhuru as a hypokoristikon formation, cf. Ranke, Personal Names. DATED IX THE EEIGN OF DARIUS II. 61 (determ, omitted) [cf. the Bi. name of a plact" — Ed.], in Hu-^eta sha Qa’manu, 99 : 3. V 71 : 6. (,> Q u<1-thi-ii, Qud-da-(ii I., s. of 47 ; 21. 2. s. of IddM, 4 : 3, 14 I [116 : 12] 3. 5. of .\fur'i, 46 : 13. 4. s. of Zabud'i, 30 : 2. 5. f. of 11.5 : IS, R. E. ' 6. f. of Xitn- j-n’i din, 9S : 3. Qu- ni-nfi-a, s. of Bil-, 5 : 20. * Sham-ma-) 16. f of , 18 : 19 I 118 : 33. 17. 89 : 2. Tad-dan-nii-bullit-su, s. of Hadannu, b. of Skiskki-Bel, 41 : 2. *Tad-di-' II (cf Ta-ta-'T), f of RaMm-ili, 68 : 3. t[On the probable meaning of this name cf Ed. Preface. —Ed. j f Delitzsch {A. B., p. 452) translates “gift,” and makes it equivalent to taddnu. This would appear more reasonable were it not for names Wke Nahu-ta-nd-dan-nu-usur, “ Nebo, protect what thou hast presented,” which show that it is to be regarded as a verbal form. § After a portion oi W\q Introduction was printed I found an Aramaic docket containing the name jnrt for I'ad-dan-nu (C. B. 31., 5173). While ttiis gives additional assurance that the results obtained concerning the first character of the name, cf Introd., p. 11, are correct, it shows also that alongside of Tad-dan-nu, at least, some of these names were pronounced Tattannu. Cf blX for ittannu, Introd., IX, p. 24. II [In view of the kypokoristika Da-di-i, Da-da-a, Da-da-ai, Di-di-i, Du-du-u, Du-du-u-a (Johns, Assyr. Deeds, Vol. Ill, pp. 95, 269,443, 526), and Di-di-e and Da.-di-ia {Baby. Exp., IX), on all of which cf Zimmern, K.A. 77, pp. 225, 483, I prefer to read the above name Dad-di- = Dddi. In several instances the name may not be Semitic but Iranian (cf Dadd, Aa66qc, AuiSof, Dodo, Justi, 1. c.). Cf my note to Ou-ba-ri, above. — Ed.] DATED IX THE REIGX OP DAEIUS II. G5 Ta-'i’?, [of. Bi. Xa. Ed.], f. of Bel-huUiisu, 15 : IS. Ti^-bi-lii7iir{GISff), roq-'n-^i-sJiir IX, f. of . 18. 1. s. of Idditui-BB . 41 ; 17. Identical with I'aqtsJi- Guhi. 2. s. of Xabu-buUitsu, 37 : IT | 41 : 2. 3. f. oi Ana-nuiti^Jiu, 10 : 12. Ta-qish-dGu-la, Ta-QUoJi-dGula (dJ/E-ME), abbrev. Ta- qisTi (41 ; 17), s. of Iddina-BB , sc., 12 : 13 | 21 : 16 1 22 : 13 I 27 : 14 1 28 : 14 1 30 : 14 ] 41 ; 17 ] 44 ; 14 1 79 : 13, U. E. ] 115 : 17, T. E. * Tar-bi-il-im-jna-h(ir-bc [containing the Cassite god Hxrbi — Ed.],t in dluBit-mTarbiUmmabarbe, 126 ; 5. (cf. Pe. Thath, Dadd), f. of Tiriddtu, 86 : 12, Lo. E. *T(-ri-hi-li-ia,% hardu s7ia Gu$7turri', 80 : 7, 10, Lo. E. *Ti-qi-ra-' (cf. Pe. Tigran‘t),i. of Gunda7J;a’ , 67 : 18, Lo. E. 1 90 : 11, Lo. E. *Ti-ra-a (cf. Pe. Tiro), hardu s7ia Gusburri', 80 : 7, 10, R. » Ti-ri-Ta^i-ma, Tir-ri-Ta-a-ma IX (cf Bi. f of Taddannu,9', : 12. * Ti-ri-da-a-tu, s. of Tata', hs7ia7,nu s7ia hars7tammai, 86 : 12, Lo. E. *Tl-ri-ra-7;a-airi-ma, TLr-ra-7;a-am-ma, ci. Ti-ri-ka-mu IX, Ti-ra-7:a~am IX (Pe. T'ira-7cuma) , mar blti s7ia BD-n<'idin-$7ium, 10 ; 2, 6 | 56 : 3, 6, 11. * Ti{":)-ri-ud-na-’ [Pe., instead of read pa{i)r= Tiri- pima’, cf Arta-pirna’ , above — Ed.], hs7iaknu »7ia hgirn-mirrui, 69 : 11, R. Tu-hai^i), f of S7ia-Xalju-u7i-s7iH:t), 60 ; 21. T'i7:-7:u-lu, Tu7;-7.-ul-l(/, Ta7:-7:u-lnm IX, Tu7--7cul-lnm 1. f of GuU-is7oim-lh7dr, 21 : 14 1 26 ; 20 1 31 ; 17 [ 51 : 21 I 65 ; 20 | 71 : 15 | 84 : 14. 2. f of S7iu-la-a, 30 ; 13. Tu-Ur-ba-ni-ia [God Ta is my begetter ('.'), cf Tu-nd'id Johns, Ass. Deed.s, Xo. 256, 0., 2— Ed.], f of S7tarr(.a»7i-i:tir , 67 : 16. Tdbi-ia, Ta-bi-ia IX (Ar. docket ’3£3, 132 : R., cf also Xa. X3£0) 1. s. oiAhu-liti’, 39 : 16 1 40 : 11, 15, | 108 : 13. 2. f of Ardia, 7 : 13. 3. f oi Hanni', 132 ; 1. *Tu-ub-Ta-a-ma (cf He. n^DID), f of Bnna-Iurna, Han- na ni' , Zabad-Idma and Zabina’ , 118 : 1. \JbalUt-m-Bel 1. s. of BH-zer-iddina, b. of Uballitsu-Nabu , u. of Xabu-nddin-nhu, 37 ; 7 J 102 : 4. Uhallit-su-Mardubx: . 1. f of Ahu-nuri’, 45 : 16 [ 130 : 25, Lo. E. | 131 : 24, U. E. 2. f of Iddina-MarduT^., 6 : 13 | 64 ; 10, R. E. | 97 : 15, L. E. I 100 : 10, U. E. [ 112 : 16, U. E. j 130 : 25, Lo. E. I 131 : 24, U. E. 3. f of Ninib-mutirK7iu, 95 : 16, R. E. [According to Const. Ni. 520 : 18, 19, b. of No. 2— Ed.]. Uballit-su-Xabii, f of Nabu-nddin-ahu, b. of Uballitsu- BH, 37 : 2 1 102 : 4. U-bar 1. s. of B( l-nddinu, 123 : 9, L'. E. 2. s. of Banene-ibni, 13 ; 11 | 21 : 11 | 27 : 12 [ 38 : 12 1 71 : 14, U. E. 3. s of Ldbdstii, b. of A7i-iddina, b. of Siliin-iluni, 75 : 16. 4. s. of Xddin, 15 : 21 j 79 : 15. 5. s. of Ninib-muballit, b. of Ninib-nddin-s7iumii , 18 : 3. 6. f of Ardia, 2 : 16 | 3 ; 17 | 122 ; 14, L. E. 7. f of BD-iqMa, 35 : 19. 8. f of Ldbdsbi, 14 : 17. Id. with No. 6 (cf Vol. IX). 9. f of Taddannu, 8:13 | 22 : 14 ] 42 : 17 | 43 ; 23 | 77 : 11. * U-'-da-a r-na- , V-da-nr-na- 1. f. of IJananu-Idma , 7 : 15. 2. f of Hanni’, 84 : 15. t[Cf. e.g. the Cassite names Ulam-Uarhe, 3Iili-Harhe, Harhi-SbiipaJc, Delitzscb, SpracTie dcr Eossder, pp. 17, ff.— Ed.] % [Cf also Ta-at-ti-i, Ta-ta, Td-ta-a-i, Ti-ti-i, Johns, Assgr. Deeds, p. 450, and Afire; and Aonif. — Ed.] S[Cf the abbrev. name IJi-U-ia, Johns, Assyr. Deeds. No. 265, R., 11 (also Vol. Ill, p. 460) and Np. An The first element {Te-ri) of this apparently West-Semitic name seems to represent the god dj'e-ir (cf. Johns, As'-Bil ,% f. of mnib-bel-nhhJiu , 99 : 17 [ 104 : 10 1 • 111 : 18 I 115 ; 31. *Ur-da-a-tu, cf. numardntu Vs-sa-ar-tum, in ^luBU-mJJssartum, 138 : G. *Us?t-(a-bu-za-nu, cf Ishtahuzanu Za-ab-ba-a (cf Pa. f- of Shullumu, 58 : 15. *Za-bad-du (cf Pa. f of Ana'-iU, 138 : 30, Lo. E. *Za-bad-Ta-a-ma (cf lie. =inn?i), s. of Tub-Idma, h. of Bana-Idma, Uunnani’ , Zabina' , 118 : 1, 18, 30. *Za-bid-Nand (Ar. docket s. of Hammarum, 106 : 10, R. * Zab-di-ia, Za-ah-dl-ia IX 1. s. of Bel-asita, 33 ; 18 1 34 : 31. 3. s. of Bi'l-etir, 63 : 18. 3. 8. of Bel-zh'-ibni, 54 : 18, Lo. E. [ 70 : 15, Lo. E. 4. s. oi Nddiru, 115 : 19. 5. s. of Midintiim-Bel, b. of Ah-iddina, Nabii-rni- shunu, . . .za-a, 35 : 2. 6. f of Ah-ab, 93 : 4. 7. 34 ; 3. Za-bi-nn- 1. s. of Btl-erib, b. of Shum-iddina, m. of KU(;l)il-ga- ad-du, 33 : 2, 3. 2. s. of Tiib-Idmn, b. of Bana-Idma, Hannani, Zabad- Idma, f oi Ba(:l)U-mvia, 118 : 1, 5, 11, 13, 25, 29, 37. * Za-bi-ni, Zn-bi-in IX, Za-bi-i-ni, Za-hi-i IX 1. s. of Baldtu, bghaknu bsipirriP^ sha hu-qu, 103 : 6, 10, 12, R. 1 118 ; U. E. 2. s. oiBillae. 1 : 19. 3. in &luBlt-mZah\ni, 21 : 6 ] 42 : 5, 7 1 50 : 3 1 101 : 13. *Za-bu-da-a, Za-bu-da-’ 1. s. of BH-ah-iddina , 25 : 3. 2. 8 : 3 1 46 ; 10. Za-bu-du 1. f of Quddai, 30 : 3. *Za-du-di-ia [perhaps better Sa-du-di-ia, cf Bi. TIV — Ed.], s. of Barikki-ili, 125 : 21. d Za-ma-ma-erish 1. f of Bel-ah-iddina, 125 ; 21. 2. in dln Blt-mZarnama-erigh, 71 : 3. Id. with No. 1, cf Vol. LX, p. 73. d Za-ma-ma-nddin 1. s. of Baldtn, b. of Bel-re'iishunu, 1 : 15. 2. s. of Bel-bullitsu, 19 : 3. 3. 96:2. * Za-ta-me-e [cf Bi; DfiT — Ed.] 1. f of Bel-ittannu, 75 : 11. 2 . 1 : 2 . * Zi-ma-ka- IX, Zi-ma-ak-ki- , f of Ahu’u, 37 : 18. Zi-im-ma-a , 1. s. of Bel-etir , 65 : 17, Lo. E. 3. f of Bel-nddin-slmmu, 103 : 10. Zitti{nA-LA)-Nabu 1. s. of Mmhezih-Bel, 101 : 26, U. E. 2. s. of lihnut, 118 : U. E. Z{S,S)uk-ki-i-tum, Z(S,S)uk-ki-tiim, || in dluBii-mZitkki- tum, 65 : 5 I 66 ; 5. Zu-um-bu 1. f of IJarbdtdnu, 3 : 14 1 73 : 15 | 94 : 21 | 135 : 18 | 137 : 17 U. E. 2. f of , 3 : 15 (prob. id. with No. 1). t [Cf Ah-nia-nn- , above. For the second element cf. Atfu)ru-manu' and Tura-mana’ , Vol. IX, p. 51. — Ed.] J[[n favor of this interpretation we may quote U-na-mu-nu, if = Un-Amunu V B. I, 97 (cf I'a-mu-nu, above), probably containing the name of the god Ammon. — Ed.] §[In view of the fact that the two principal values of NIOTN are pakdrn and sahdru, both of which occur in proper names (cf Bel-u-piah-hir, IX, p. 56, on the one hand, and Bi-ig-sa-har-Bel, IX, p. 68, or Ni-is-har-BH (Con- cordance of the present volume) on the other), it must remain doubtful whether tlie name NIGIN-Bel, above, is to be read TJptaKhir-Bel or Nis{sa)hnr-Bel.- — Ed.] 11 [The reading of the first radical is doubtful. The name looks like a female name. In all probability it is to he connected witli the names quoted by Johns {Assyr. Beeds, p. 126), Siik-ka-ai, Suk-ai, 8uk-ku-ai, Suk-ka-a. From the writings Su-ka-a and Su-ku-ai found alongside the others it would follow that the first radical was s and the second k. Cf the hypokoristika Bi. and Pa. ”3CJ' (transcr. aoxaieig), and Su-uk-ki-ia, the name of a place, below. The common Neo-Babyl. name Su-qa-ai, from which we read the fern. Su-qa-ai-i-ti, Strassmaier, Nabon, 348 : 13, is a different name and probably to be connected with Siiqu, “street, hazaar.” — Ed.] DATED IX THE EEIGX OF DARIUS II. 6 Z nbii-a, Zu-’im-bti LX, f. of Xiiiib-ifir, 55 : 16. *ZH-za-.i (cf. Bi. x;?)t 1. f. ot'Ah-idJhM, 100 : 11, Lo. E. ‘2. m. of Anrab-u-ra-a-tu, 94 : 4. BU-hreshu{SAG), 18 : 7, 9. Bit-'mRi-hi-c-tu, 40 : 4, 5. Bit-mSin-li-shir, Bit mSm-Ushir(GI SH) IX, 91 : 5. Bit-mShu-la-a, 39 : 5. BU-»*Su-u-ra-ai, Bd-hSur-ra-ai, Bd-mBur-ra-ai IX, 33 : 6, 9 I 71 : 4. Bit-iiTa-ba-lu-la-ai, BU-Ta-ba-la-ai, Bd-Ta-ba-lu-ai, 19 ; 7, 10 I 20 ; 7, 8 I 25 : 5, 7 1 53 : 5, 10 1 86 : 4 1 100 : 4. Bit-inTar-bi-il-wi-ma-IIar-be, 126 : 5. Bit-mJJs-sa-ar-tim, Bd-i^U-sa-ar-ta IX, 128 ; 6. Bd-im-Za-bi-ni, BiimZa-bi-in IX, BU-mZa-bi-i IX, 21 : 6 ] 21 : 8 1 42 : 5, 7 1 50 : 3 1 101 • 13. Bd-mdZa-ma-ma-erish , 71 : 3. Bit-^nZ(S)uk-ki-i-tum, Bit-mZuk-ki-tum, 65 : 5 1 66 ; 5 ] 88: 6, cf. also Vol. IX, 86“ 6. Bu-shu-’, perhaps She-la-’, 43 : 6. Ga-di-ba-tum, 6 : 6 | 28 ; 5, 7. Ga-li-ia, Ga-li-e IX, 53 : 4, 10. Gam-ma-li-e,Ga-am-ma-li-e li.e., “ Town of the Camels ” —Ed.], 84 : 4 1 92 : 4 1 118 : 3, 8, 26. GISH-BAN (read isuqashtu, derived from bd-if^BAN , on winch cf Vol. IX, p. 36), 39 : 17 | 40 : 17. Gi-ish-shu, 54 ; 3. Ha-at-ta-ai \_i.e., “ Town of the nittite(s)'’ — Ed.], 115 : 8. Ha-am-ma-na-ai, Ha-am-na-ai [i.e., “Town of the Am- monite(s) Ed.], 81 : 4, 11 1 82 : 4 1 85 : 5 | 90 : 4, 8 I 97 : 7 I 122 : 4. Ila-om-ma-ri, Ila-am-ba-ri IX, 61 : 7, 9. Ha-d{t)al-lu-u-a, Ha-ta-al-lu-a IX, 8 : 4, 5 ] 24 : 5, 7 [Const. No. 498, I found a place dluUa-da-la- — Ed.] IJa-aAi-ha-a, IIashi-as}i)-ba-a, 99 ; 17 j 104 : 11 1 123 ; 13. Ha-za-tu{tum) [cf. Tell. Am. tablets =n?T— Ed.], 9 : 2,20, 24. Hu-us-iii-e-ti sha mAd-di-ia, 91 : 7. Uu-us-si-e-tu sha mAd-ra-hu-u, 99 : 2. IIu-uH-si-e-ti sha mBa-gu-ush, hBa-gu-shu IX [also Const. Ni. 583 : 6— Ed.], 97 : 8. Uu-uii-.'ii-e-ti sha mdBau-erish, 31 : 5, 8 ] 69 : 7. Ilu-us-si-e-ti sha '"iDannit, ina Larak, 37 : 5, 6. Hu-us-si-c-tu sha Qa-’-ma-nu (determ. ™ omitted), 99 : 3. t Precedecf hj' tlie det. dlu^ unless otherwise staled. In many cases, however, iilu is not mere determinative, hut forms part of the name of the place. J [Const. M. QOZ-.S: Ba-iia-nishu {UR-MAII). Hence it follows that the name of a place written AM A- IZZi- AJAlf in Vol. IX and transliterated by me Ibni-Nergal (p. 75) must also be transliterated Ban{a)-neshu. — Ed.] DATED IX THE KEIGX OF DAKIUS II. 69 Ifu-ui-si-c-ti sha mMardiJc-i'ri^h, 114 : 3. sha ’"XTu-la-ki-if, 114 : 4. Hu-m-si-e-ii sha ”>Xa-sir, 72 : 3. hh-7ai-iu-nu. 11? ; 4, 7, 9, 10, 24. Kiil-ri(tal)-ii-ri-im-m€-sh{, Kab-ri{tar)-li-)-i-iin-nm-shi, 96 : 5 I 9? : 6, 10. Ka-a-ri-Xinib, K'lr-Xinib (uot M ushezib-Xin ib , Vol. IX), 14 : 7, 11 I 16 : 6, 10 | 47 : S, 10 | 48 : 7, 9 | 49 : 6, 8 1 50 : 5 I 110 : 1. KU-7ab-bar-ri. cf. Shubtu- Gabbarri , 111 : 5. Ku-hur-du. 27 : 6, 9. Ku-za-ba-fu(tum) , 43 ; 8. Lorak ti, 36 : 5, 8 1 37 ; 6 1 41 ; 6, 9 I 88 : 7 I 101 ; 5. Ma-la-ha-nu, MalahAnuQIA-TUM-TUM pl) IX, 38 : 7 ] 101 : 13. Mi-li-du, 76 : 3 1 107 ; 1, 5. [la Vol. IX meutioued as a canal — Ed.] ^flls}u^z{b-Xi nib IX, to lie read Kdr-Xinib, q. v. Xa-ki-di-ni[i.e., “Town of the Shepherds,’’ cf. the Elamitic town dlu sha na-gi-da-a-ti—'Ed.], 43 : 4 I 99 : 2. X.ppurk i, 2 ; 18 [ 3 : IS | 4 ; 28 | 5 : 22 ] 7 : 2 | 7 : 19 [ 8 : 13 I 9 : 36 I 10 ; 16 I 11 : 4, 11 ] 12 : 13 | 13 : 15 | 14 : 22 1 16 : 21 1 17 : 20 I 18 : 22 I 19: 22 I 20: 19 | 21 : 16 I 22 : 14 I 23 : 19 I 24 : 19 I 25 : 17 | 26 : 23 I 27 ; 17 | 28 : 16 | 29 : 18 | 30 : 15 ] 31 : 19 | 32 : 20 I 33 : 21 1 34 : 23 I 35 : 20 | 36 : 21 ] 37 : 20 I 38 ; 15 | 41 : 18 | 42 : 17 j 43 : 23 [ 45 : 21 j 46 : 24 I 47 : 22 I 48 : 19 I 49 : 19 1 50 : 20 [ 51 : 22 I 52 : 24 I 55 : 16 1 57 : 17 I 58 : 16 I 59 : 22 I 61 : 22 1 62 : 15, 20 | 63 : 16 [ 64 : 15 ] 65 : 21 j 66 : 12, 16, Lo. E. 1 67 : 19 1 68 : 6, 10 [ 69 : 19 ] 70 : 19 | 71 : 18 I 72 : 17 I 73 : 13 I 75 : 19 [ 76 : 19 ] 77 : 6, 17 I 78 : 12 1 79 : 15 ] 80 : 19 [ 81 : 20 | 82 : 19 1 83 : 17 I 85 : 18 | 86 : 15 ] 87 ; 15 | 88 : 20 ] 89 17 I 90 : 14 1 91 : 22 1 92 : 19 1 93 : 16 [ 94 : 22 | 95 : 19 I 96 : 17 I 97 : 19 I 98 : 18 1 100 : 14 \ 101 : 29 I 102 : 22 | 103 : 15 | 104 : 6 ] 105 : 16 | 109 : 11 I 110 : 14 I 111 : 18 | 112 ; 20 [ 113 : 17 | 114 : 18 1 115 : 21 I 116 : 15 ] 117 : 20 | 118 : 39 | 119 : 6 I 120 : 6 1 121 : 5, 12 1 122 : 19 | 124 : 14 [ 125 : 22 I 127 : 19 ] 128 : 22 [ 129 : 20 | 130 : 34. Parakku(BARA)ba-ri, 92 : 7, Ra-bi-ia [appar. m omitted, hypok. — Ed.], 9 :2, 5, 6,20,24. Sa ,22:4. Sin-bcl-sliu-nu Qn omitted), 57 : 4, 6 | 108 : 15. Sipparahi, 75 : 8. [appar. m omitted, cf. Bi. — Ed.], 99 : 2. Sha-la-yne-e, Sha-lam-7ne-e IX, 75 : 7. ShubtijKU) - Gab-bar-r i, 111 : 5. Taq-hi-lishir omitted), 71 : 6. Tarbasu-um-ma-nu [“ Court of the artisans ’’ — Ed.], 99 ; 1. Tu-shu-shu [or nish-shu-sliu‘> — Ed.], 43 ; 4. Uruhi, in tlie name of a gate of Nippur, abullu Shi-bi Uruki, 37 : 15 [ 45 : 19. Urukki, Uruki-ku IX, 61 : 15 | 62 : 12. III. Names of Gates in Nippur. Abullu LUGAL- GUD-SI-DL, Ahullu-LUGAL-Sl-DI AbuUu E-MAH, Abullu MAIJ not Abullu rabit, Vol. IX ; [though referring to the largest gate of Nippur, the name {E)MAn is ident. with E-GAL-MAII, q. r.— Ed.], 18 : 20 I 19 : 19, U. E. [ 26 : 22 | 37 : 14 1 45 : 17 1 46 : 22. A buUu-Gu- la (Gula written without det. <^), 18 : 21 ] 19 : 20 . [written with det. d, Const. 522 : 11, there- fore not to be read Bdb-Sharru-GUD-SI-DI , Vol. IX— Ed.], 29 • 14 1 45 : 18 1 46 : 23. Abullu-Shi-hi-Uruki, 37 : 15 1 45 : 19. Buh-ka-lak-ku, 68 : 6 1 77 : 6 1 104 ; 6 I 119 : 6 I 120 : 6. Babu sha mQu-bar-ru, 128 : 14, U. E. (a sluice?). IV. mAhu-li-’, 'mAhu-li-ia, 43 : 4 ] 112 : 4, 10. Bdb-Bi-na-nu, 98 : 8. Bal-ti-ia (>« omitted), 55 : 4. Ba-la-tu, BaU/tu omitted), 112 : 4, 10. Names of Canals.'}* mDa-bi-ia-ash-ta- ., 82 : 3. Diglat la-bi-ri (au old bed of the Tigris), 36 : 8 | 41 : 9 | 98 : 9. Di-rat, Di-ra-a-tu , 43 : 7 [ 79 : 3, 8 | 103 : 3 | 112 : 4, 10. t All are preceded by Xhru. In some cases it is likely to be regarded as a determiuative, c. g , with Ilarripiqiid; in others, as part of the name, e. g., Nur-dSin. No effort has been made to discriminate, as it would be impossible lo determine how the word was considered in every instance. 70 BUSINESS DOCUBIENTS OF MUEASHU SONS, Har-pi-qud Har-ri-pi-qu-du (qud) , (87 : 6 ), 6 : 5 | 7 : 2 | 14 : 9 I 16 ; 9 I 17 : 10 [ 18 : 10 | 19 : 10 [ 20 : 9 | 23 : 8 I 25 : 8 1 33 : 8 1 34 : 8 I 47 : 11 I 48 : 9 [ 49 : 8 | 63 : 6 1 75 : 7 | 85 : 13 | 87 : 6 | 93 : 14 [ 94 : 4 ] 113 : 5 I 135 : 8 I 138 : 6 (=nip3 -inj). Kit-ti-ma-nu, 129 : 3. Kiitu (written GU-DU-A , without H), 50 : 4. Nam-gar-ri(rum)-dur-BeP , Nam-gar-ri-dur-BeP , Nam-gar- diir-Bel, Nam-ga-ri(rum)-dur-BeP IX, 15 : 5 | 57 ; 6 1 93 : 5. Written without det. ndr^ 39 ; 5, 18 | 40 : 6 . SiniUD-SAR)-7nrigir(DU G-GA), Si-im-ma-gi-ir, 133 : 1. In Vol. IX read Nannaru-mugur()' n P D n s A A-A V AA 3 ri n f' h ^ ^ ^ hh After the Introduction had gone through the press I discovered an additional “docket,” written Avith black fluid, containing the god Ninib. The one character in doubt seems to be 1. Besides the the other charac- ters are very clear, cf Preface. TABLE OF CON T E N T S AND DESCRIPTION OF OBJECTS. Abbeeviations. C. B. 31., Catalogue of the Babylonian Museum, University of Pennsylvania (prepared by the Editor-in-chief); Ca., Cast; cf., confer; Cji., cylinder(s); K., Edge; foll(ow)., following; fr., fragment, fragmentary; No., Number; O., Obverse; perpend., perpendicular; PI., Plate(s); K., Right; R(ev)., Reverse; TI., Upper. Measurements are given in centimeters, length (height) X width X thickness. Whenever the tablet (or fragment) varies in size, the largest measurement is given. I. Autograph Keproductions. Text. 1 2 3 4 fi Plate. Year. Month. 1 Accession. 1 1 1 Accession. H 2 Accession. 1 1 3 Accession. 12 3 Accession. 12 4 Accession. (?) Day. C. B. M. 4 Possession of H. V. Hilprecht. 15 5277 15 5272 15 Possession of H. V. Hilprecht. 17 5235 (?) 5233 Description. U. L. corner cracked; small portions broken out; other- wise well preserved. 6.3 X 7.65 X 2.68. Inscr. 14 (O.) 4- 8 (R.) = 22 li. Thumbmark on L. E. Lo. L. corner of O. chipped off; otherwise well pre- served. 6.15 X 7.3 X 2.4. Inscr. 10 (0.) + 9 (R.) = 19 li. Thumbmark on U. E. Seal impr. on L. E. Faint Aramaic inscr. incised on L. E. Fragmentary; U. and Lo. part wanting; also cracked, with small portions broken away. 5.7 X 7.45 X 2.4. Inscr. remaining, 11 (O.) -t- 8 (R.) = 19 li. Seal impr. on L. E. Slight crack, otherwise in a fine state of preservation. 7.85 X 10.3 X 7.85. Inscr. 17 (O.) -f 2 (Lo. E.) + 11 (R.) = 30 li. Five thumbmarks on L. E. Three seal impr. on U. E., one on L. E. and Lo. E. A large portion of Lo. R. corner wanting. Several cracks. 6.2 X 7.9 X 2.9. Inscr. 12 (0.) + 11 (R.) =23 li. Seal impr. on L. E., U. E. and Lo. E. Inscr. of the latter is broken away. U. and a large portion of Lo. L. corners wanting. Several cracks. 8.85 X 7.75 X 3. Inscr. 11 (O.) + 7 (R). = 18 li. Seal ring impr. on L. E. and Lo. E. Inscription of the latter, belonging to Bel-muktn-aplu s. of Kdsir, is broken away. 74 BUSINESS DOCUMENTS, DARIUS II. Text. Pi, ATE. Year. Month. D.A.Y. C. B. M. Description. 5 1 1 2 Pos.session of H. V. Hilprecht. In an excellent state of preservation. 6.7 X 8.95 X 3. Inscr. 8 (0.) + 12 (R.) = 20 li. Two seal impr. on Lo. E. and one on L. E. Seal ring impr. on U. E. S 5 1 1 15 5257 Cracked, with small portions broken out on R.; other- wise well preserved. 5.95 X 7.5 X 2.75. Inscr. 7 (0.) + 7 (R.) = 14 li. Two impr. of seal rings on Lo. E. and one on R. E. Faint traces of an Aramaic docket in black color on 0. 9 6 1 1 16 5267 Lo. L. corner chipped off; otherwise in an excellent state of preservation. 7.5 X 9 X 3.25. Inscr. 17 (0.) + 5 (Lo. E.) + 14 (R.) = 36 li. Two seal impr. on U. E., one on L. E., R. E. and R. Two thumbmarks on U. E. 10 6 1 1 16 5448 Cracked; Lo. L. corner wanting. 4.8 X 5 X 1.7. Inscr. 10 (0.) + 7 (R.) = 17 li. Thumbmark on L. E. 11 7 1 1 20 5237 Large portion of U. E. wanting. Trapezoidal shaped. 4.4 X 6.2 X 2.0. Inscr. 5 (0.) + 8 (R.) = 13 li. Two thumbmarks on L. E. 12 7 1 2 3(?) 5164 Considerably cracked. Portions of 0. broken out. 5.6 X 7.1 X 2.85. Inscr. 9 (0.) + 6 (R.) = 15 li. Thumbmark on U. E. Impr. of seals on Lo. E. and L. E. 13 8 K?) 2 5 5351 U. L. corner wanting; also cracked. 6.4 X 7.7 X 2.5. Inscr. 10 (0.) 4- 6 (R.) = 16 li. Seal ring impr. on U. E., and portion of one on L. E. The in- scription of the latter is broken away. 14 8 1 2 5 5356 In an excellent state of preservation. 6 X 8.36 X 2.6. Inscr. 12 (0.) + 11 (R.) = 23 li. Three thumbmarks on Lo. E. Impr. of seals on U. E and L. E. 1.5 9 1 2 8 5147 Lo. L. corner injured; otherwise well preserved. 5.48 X 6.7 X 2.85. Inscr. 11 (0.) + 11 (R.) 22 li. Seal impr. on L. E., Lo. E. and R. E. Seal ring impr. on U. E. 16 10 1 3 6 5360 Well preserved. 5.85 X 7.38 X 2.7. Inscr. 12 (0.) + 9 (R.) = 21 li. Two thumbmarks impr. on U. E. Seal impr. on L. E., Lo. E. and R. 17 10 1 3 6 5318 Cracked, with small portions broken out of 0. 6 X 7.9 X 2.7. Inscr. 12 (0.) + 1 (Lo. E.) + 8 (R.) = 21 li. Four thumbmarks on U. E., seal impr. on L. E., Lo. E. and R. R. also shows impr. of texture of cloth. 18 11 1 3 7 5187 Numerous cracks, with portions broken out. 6.4 X 8.1 X 3. Inscr. 13 (0.) + 10 (R.) = 23 li. Five thumbmarks on Lo. E. Two seal ring impr. on U. E. and one on R. E. R. shows impr. of texture of cloth. XT. 19 20 21 23 24 2.5 26 27 2 % 29 .30 EFSIXESS DOCUMENTS, DAKIUS II. 7o Plate. Ye.ar. ^Ioxth. Day. C. B. ]\I. 11 137 5326 12 1 3 7 5225 13 1 3 S 5177 13 1 3 10 5222 13 1 3 13 5282 14 1(?) 3 20 .5324 1.5 1 3 (?) 5198 15 141 5227 16 1 4 6 52.59 10 1 4 15 5179 17 1 4 20 5283 51.57 Description. Sliglitly effaced on O. and R., otherwise well pre.served. 5.7 X 7.7 X 2.6. Inscr. 13 (O.) + 10 (R.) = 23 li.' Three thumbmarks on R. Two seal iinpr. on U. E., one on L. E. and Lo. E. Several cracks; small portions broken away. 6.58 X 7.75 X 2.9. Insc. 11 (O.) + 9 (R.) = 20 li. Three thumbmarks on L. E. Two seal ring impr. on Lo. E. and one on R. E. Slightly injured on Lo. R. and L. corners: otherwise well preserved. 5.5 X 0.8 X 2.6. Inscr. 10 (0.) + 7 (R.) = 17 li. Thumbmark on L. E. Seal impr. on U. E. and on R. E. Cracked; small portion of O. broken out. 5.85 X 7.65 X 2.9. Inscr. 8 (O.) + 2 (Lo. E.) + 5 (R.) = 15 li. Supurshunu written on Lo. E., but no thumbmarks are visible. Two seal ring impr. on U. E., and one on L. E. Very faint traces of an Aramaic inscr. in black color on O. Excellently preserved with the exception of a small portion chipped off L. E. 5.85 X 6.5.5 X 2.3. Inscr. 12 (O.) +8 (R.)=20 li. Three thumb- marks on L. E. Numerous cracks. Large portion of U. E. wanting. 6.3 X 7.8 X 2.9. Inscr. 10 (O.) + 10 (R.)=20 li. Three thumbmarks on Lo. E. Two seal ring impr. on L. E. and one on U. E. Numerous cracks. Portions broken out of O. and R 6.9 X 8.3 X 20. Inscr. 10 (O.) + 8 (R.) = 18 li. Five thuminnarks on U. E. Two seal ring impr. on L. E. U. L. corner injured; otherwise well preserved. 5.9 X 7.6 X 3. Inscr. 12 (O.) + 2 (Lo. E.) + 10 (R.) = 24 li. Two seal ring impr. on Li^. E. and one on R. E. Three thumbmarks on Lo. E. Sliglitly cracked; otherwise well preserved. 5.35 X 6.7 X 2.25. Inscr. 9 (O.) + 1 (Lo. E.) + 8 (R.) = 18 li. Seal impr. on U. E. Three thumb- marks on L. E. Cracked. Portions liroken out of O. .and R. 4.81 X 5.78 X 22. Inscr. 10 (0.) + 8 (R.) = IS li. Same seal impr. on LT. and Lo. E. The former, belonging to Bel-nddin-shumu, s. of Taddatni, is uninscribed. Thumbmark on L. E. Very well preserved. 5.2 X 6.25 X 2.3. Inscr. 9 (O.) + 1 (Lo. E.) + 10 (R.) = 20 li. Seal impr. on R. Three thumbmarks without an inscr. on R.E. Ar.amaic docket incised on LT. E. Lo. L. corner wanting. 5.25 X 6.4 X 2.5. Inscr. 9 17 1 4 20 6 EXT. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 BUSINESS DOCUMENTS, DARIUS II. Plate. 18 19 19 20 20 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 Year. Month. Day. C. B. M. 1 4 26 5224 1 4 26(?) 5190 1 4 27 5204 1 4 27(?) 5223 1 5 1 5274 1 5 2 5254 152 5375 159 5264 1 5 16 5361 1 5 17 5329 1 6 5 5245 1 6 11 4985 Description. (O.) + 7 (R.) = 16 li Seal impr. on R. and Lo. E. Thumbmark on L. E. Numerous cracks. Portions broken out on 0. and R. 6 X 7.7 X 2.8. Inscr. 13 (0.) + 7 (R.) =20 li. Seal on L. E., U. E. and Lo. E. Two thumbmarks on Lo. E. R. end wanting. Cracked. 6.45 X 7.55 (fr.) X 3. Inscr. 13 (0.) + 8 (R.)=21 li. Five seal ring impr. on U. E. and one on L. E. Four thumb- marks on R . U. R. and Lo. L. corners wanting. Cracked. 6.5 X 8.25 X 3.05. Inscr. 14 (0.) + 8 (R.) = 22 li. Seal impr. on L. and Lo. E. Thumbmark on Lo. E. U. L. corner wanting; otherwise well preserved. 6.15 X 8.05 X 3.1. Inscr. 13 (0.) + 1 (Lo. E.) + 10 (R.) = 24 li. Five seal ring impr. on L. E. and one on U. E. Two thumbmarks on Lo. E. Slightly effaced on O. ; otherwise well preserved. 6.35 X 8.1 X 3.1. Inscr. 12 (O.) + 9 (R.) = 21 li. Two seal ring impr. on R. E. Two thumbmarks on U. E. Considerably cracked, with small portions broken out. 6.2 X 7.5 X 2.85. Inscr. 12 (O.) + 10 (R.) = 22 li. Two seal ring impr. on L. E. and one on U. E. Several cracks. Small portions broken out of R. 5.8 X 7.1 X 2.3.5. Inscr. 10 (O.) + 11 (R.)=21 li. Two seal ring impr. on U. E., and seal impr. on L. E. Slightly cracked on O., otherwise well preserved. 5.05 X 6.05 X 2.4. Inscr. 10 (O.) + 1 (Lo. E.) + 6 = 17 li. Impr. of seal on U. E. and on R. Tliumbmarks on L. E. In an excellent state of preservation. 6.75 X 8.45 X 3.0. Inscr. 10 (0.) + 9 (R.) = 19 li. Three thumbmarks on L. E. Lo. R. corner, which was uninscribed, is wanting; otherwise well preserved. 6.9 X 8.65 X 2.85. Inscr. 9 (O.) + 10 (R.) = 19 li. Two thumb- marks on L. E. Cracked; otherwise weU preserved. 6.3 X 7.1 X 2.5. Inscr. 11 (0.) + 8 (R.) = 19 li. Two seal ring impr. on U. E. and one on L. E. Two thumb- marks on L. E. Considerably cracked and badly effaced. 5.75 X 6.8 X 4.45. Inscr. 10 (O.) + 9 (R.) = 19 li. Seal ring impr. on U. E. and one on O. Seal BUSINESS DOCUMENTS, DARIUS II. 77 Txxt. Plate. Yeak. Month. Day. C. B. M. Description. impr. on U. E. The thumbmark on L. E. is broken away. 43 25 I 6 15 5349 Slightly cracked and effaced; otherwise well preserved. 6.35 X 7.7 X 2.7. Inscr. 14 (0.) + 10 (R.) = 24 li. 44 25 1 6 24 9555 Well preserved. 5 X 6.48 X 2.28. Inscr. 8 (0.) + 7 (R.) = 15 li. Two seal impr. on Lo. E. and one on L. E. 45 26 1 1 5354 Very well preserved. 6.05 X 7.95 X 3.1. Inscr. 11 (0.) + 1 (Lo. E.) + 10 (R.) = 22 li. Two seal ring impr. on Lo. E. and one on R. E. 46 26 I 5320 Slightly cracked; otherwise well preserved. 5.95 X 7.6 X 3.05. Inscr. 12 (0.) + 4 (Lo. E.) + 9 (R.) = 25 li. Two seal ring impr. on U. E. and one on R. E. Six thumbmarks on L. E. Aramaic docket in black color on R. 47 27 I 6 5196 Considerably cracked. Portions broken out of R. and U. E. 6.6 X 8.65 X 3.2. Inscr. 14 (0.) + 9 (R.) = 23 li. Two seal impr. on U. E. and one on L. E. 4S 1 6 5350 In an excellent state of preservation. 6.15 X 8.15 X 3.15. Inscr. 12 (0.) + 8 (R.) = 20 li. Seal impr. on L. E., Lo. E. and R. 0. Three thumb- marks on U. E. 49 28 1 7 6 5193 Lo. L. end wanting. Cracked, with portions broken out of R. 6.3 X 8.5 X 3.25. Inscr. 11 (0.) + 9 (R.) = 20 li. Two seal impr. on U. E., one on Lo. E. and L. E. The inscr. of the latter, belong- ing to Bel-nddin-shumu, s. of Taddanu, is broken away. 50 29 1 7 8 5273 Lo. L. corner slightly injured; otherwise well preserved. 6.4 X 8.1 X 3. Inscr. 12 (0.) + 9 (R.) = 21 li. Two seal impr. on U. E. and Lo. E., one on L. E. Seal ring impr. on R. E. Two thumbmarks on R. 51 29 1 7 16 5278 Slightly effaced on R.; otherwise well preserved. 6.2 X 7.8 X 3.25. Inscr. 11 (0.) + 2 (Lo. E.) -f 10 (R.) = 23 li. Seal impr. on U. E. and L. E. 52 30 I 7 21 5202 U. and Lo. L. corners wanting. Cracked. 6.65 X 8.15 X 2.9. Inscr. 14 (0.) + 12 (R.) = 26 li. Seal impr. on L. E. Thumbmark on Lo. E. Aramaic inscr. incised on U. E. 53 30 1 7 21 5268 Cracked. Large portions broken out of 0. and R. 8.6 X 6.9 X 3.1. Inscr. 16 (0.) + 11 (R.) = 27 li. Two seal ring impr. on Lo. E., two seal impr. on L. E. and one on U. E. Two thumbmarks on U. E. 54 31 1 8 2 5501 Cracked; otherwise fairly well preserved. 6.08 X 8.7 X 2.9. Inscr. 14 (0.) + 6 (R.) = 20 li. Two seal impr. on U. E. and one on Lo. E., L. E. and R. business documents, DAEIUS II. 78 Text. Plate. Year. Month. Day. C. B. M. 55 32 1 12 28 5284 56 32 1 (?) (?) 5160 57 33 2 7 8 5357 58 33 2 7 28 5279 59 34 2 8 3 5353 60 34 2 9 25 5358 61 35 2 10 18 5149 62 35 2 10 24 5327 63 36 2 13 4 5319 64 36 3 3 18 5255 65 37 3 5 5 5363 66 38 3 6 3 5270 Description. In an excellent state of preservation. 4.3 X 5.35 X 1.75, Inscr. 9 (O.) + 2 (Lo. E.) + 6 (R.) = 17 li. Seal ring impr., also faint incised Aramaic docket on R. Faint traces of a second Aramaic inscr. on L. E,, upon which a seal impr. was made. U. end including several lines wanting. 4.7 (fr.) X 5.75 X 2.22. Inscr. 9 remaining (0.) + 2 (Lo. E.) + 6 (R.) = 17 li. Thumbmark on L. E. broken away. Aramaic docket incised on R. In an excellent state of preservation. 6.45 X 7.95 X 2.9. Inscr. 10 (O.) + 8 (R.) = 18 li. Two seal ring impr. on U. E. Seal impr. on L. E. Cracked; otherwise well preserved. 6.2 X 7.7 X 2.75. Inscr. 10 (0.) + 7 (R.) = 17 li. Two seal impr. on U. E., one on Lo. E. Cracked; otherwise well preserved. 6.2 X 7.9 X 3.1. Inscr. 13 (O.) + 2 (Lo. E.) + 8 (R.) = 23 li. Two seal impr. on L. E., one on U. E. and one on Lo. E. Seal ring impr. on Lo. E. and R, Aramaic docket in black color on R. In an excellent state of preservation. 6.05 X 7.24 X 2.7. Inscr. 13 (O.) + 11 (R.) = 24 li. Two seal impr. on R, and one on IT. E., Lo. E. and L.E. Aramaic dockets in black color on R. E. and L.E- The latter is very indistinct. Cracked. Small portions broken out. 5.7 X 6.95 X 2.55. Inscr. 11 (0.) + 2 (Lo. E.) + 10 (R.) = 23 li. Two seal impr. on U. E. and one on L. E. Seal ring impr. on R. Two thumbmarks on R. Very faint Aramaic inscr. in black color on R. In an excellent state of preservation. 6 X 7.2 X 2.75. Inscr. 11 (0.) + 2 (Lo. E.) + 8 (R.)=21 li. Two seal impr. on L. E. and one on U. E. Thumb- mark on Lo. E. Considerably cracked. Portions broken out. 6.55 X 7.6 X 3. Inscr. 9 (0.) + 9 (R.) = 18 li. Seal impr. on L. E. Thumbmark on Lo. E. Considerably cracked on R. 6.3 X 7.95 X 2.7. Inscr. 9 (0.) + 7 (R.) = 16 11. Seal ring impr. on Lo. E. and U. E. Seal impr. on R. E. and Lo. E. Cracked. Portions broken out of O. and R. 7.35 X 8.8X3.15. Inscr. 14 (O.) + 9 (R,) = 23 li. Two seal impr. on U. E., one on L. E., Lo. E. and R. Seal ring impr. on Lo. E. Cracked. Small portions broken out. 6.25 X 7.75 X 3.1. Inscr. 10 (0.) + 7 (R.) = 17 li. Seal impr. on U. E., L.E. and Lo. E. Seal ring impr. on U. E. Thumbmark on Lo. E. 67 6S 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 BUSINESS DOCUMENTS, DARIUS II. 79 Plate. Ye.uj. Month. Dxy. C. B. M. Description. 3S 3 6 13 5158 L. comer sliglitly injured; otherwise w'ell preserved. 6.15 X 7.5 X 2.75. Inscr. 10 (0.) + 10 (R.) = 20 li. Two seal impr. on Lo. E., one on U. E., L. E. and R. 39 3 2 5502 U. L. corner injured; otherwise well preserved. 5.25 X 6.15 X 2.25. Inscr. 6 (0.) + 5 (R.) = ll li. Two thumbmarks on L. E. Incised Aramaic docket on 0. 39 3 5209 Lo. L. corner wanting. Numerous cracks. Portions broken out of 0. and R. 6.55 X 7.95 X 2.8. Inscr. 13 (0.) + 7 (R.) = 20 li. Seal impr. on U. E., on Lo. E. and L. E. Seal ring impr. on R. 40 3 7 3 5219 Cracked; portion of L. E. broken out. 5.95 X 6.94 X 2.87. Inscr. 12 (0.) X 8 (R.) = 20 li. Two seal impr. on Lo. E., one on U. E. and L. E. Seal ring impr. on L. E. and R. 40 3 19 5339 Lo. L. corner wanting; otherwise well preserved. 7.1 X 8.9 X 3.45. Inscr. 12 (0.) + 7 (R) = 19 li. Two seal impr. on U. E., Lo. E. and R. ; one on L. E. and R. E. 41 3 7 20 5180 L. end partly wanting. Considerably cracked. 6.15 X 7.45 X 2.65. Inscr. 11 (0.) + 7 (R.) = 18 li. Thumbmark and seal ring impr. on U. E. Two seal impr. on Lo. E. 41 3 8 12 5263 Very well preserved. 4.35 X 5.25 X 2.1. Inscr. 6 (0.) + 9 (R.) = 15 li. Thumbmark on L. E. 42 3 8 (?) 5175 Fragmentary. Large portion wanting. 6.4 X 6.6 X 2.75. Inscr. 10 (0.) + 1 (Lo. E.) + 13 (R.) = 24 li. Seal impr. on L. E. and R. E. Portion of an incised Aramaic docket on U. E. 42 3 9 10 5256 Cracked. 5.9 X 7.7 X 2.85. Inscr. 13 (0.) + 7 (R ) = 20 li. Two seal impr. on U. E., one on L. E. 43 3 10 6 5207 Numerous cracks. Portions broken out of 0. and R. 5.85 X 7.6 X 2.95. Inscr. 12 (0.) + 8 (R.) = 20 li. Seal impr. on U. E., L. E. and Lo. E. Seal ring impr. on U. E. and R. 43 3 11 9 4995 Considerably cracked. Portion of R. end wanting. 4.5 X 5.8 X 1.85. Inscr. 9 (0.) X 9 (R.) = 18 li. Thumbmark on L. E. Faint traces of an Aramaic inscr. on 0. 44 3 12 1 5449 Lo. L. corner injured; otherwise well preserved. 5.2 X 6.4 X 2.4. Inscr. 7 (0.) + 6 (R.) = 13 li. Seal impr. on U. E. and one on Lo. E. Incised Aramaic docket on R. 44 3 12 14 5368 In an excellent state of preservation. 5.35 X 6.65 X 2.7. Inscr. 11 (0.) + I (Lo. E.) + 4 (R.) = 16 li. Seal impr. on U. E. and on L. E. Seal ring impr. on L. E. 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 BUSINESS DOCUMENTS, DARIUS II. Year. Month. Day. C. B. M. 3(?) 12 14 5167 3 (?) 18 5269 4 3 21 5138 4 4 11 5359 4 4 13(?) 5266 4 4 13 5367 4 6 16 5333 4 7 (?) 5236 4 8 16 5280 4 8 23 5229 4 8 27 5352 4 9 11 5252 Description. U. L. part wanting. Cracked. 6.6 X 8.6 X 3.15. Inscr. 12 (O.) + 1 (Lo. E.) + 7 (R.) = 20 li. Thumbmark on Lo. E. Seal impr. on Lo. E., U. E. and R. A seal impr. on L. E. is broken away. U. R. corner wanting. Cracked. Portion broken out. 6.4 X 8.15 X 2.95. Inscr. 12 (O.) 4- 9 (R.) = 21 li. Two seal impr. on U. E. and two on L. E. U. R. corner of O. wanting. Numerous cracks. 6.7 X 8.25 X 2.8. Inscr. 12 (O.) X 8 (R.) = 20 li. Two seal impr. on Lo. E., two on U. E., one on L. E. and one on R. with inscription broken away. Seal ring impr. on R. E. In an excellent state of preservation. 6.7 X 8.15 X 3. Inscr. 11 (O.) + 7 (R.) = 18 li. Two seal impr. on IJ. E. and L. E., one on R. E., O. and Lo. E. Seal ring impr. on Lo. E. L. U. and R. E. broken away. Cracked. 7 X 8.65 X 2.95. Inscr. 10 (0.) + 9 (R.) = 19 li. Seal impr. on Lo. E. and R. Seal ring impr. on Lo. E. Lo. R. corner wanting. Cracked. 6.3 X 8.05 X 2.6. Inscr. 11 (O.) + 8 (R.) = 19 li. Two seal impr. on Lo. E., one on U. E. Seal ring impr. on U. E. and L. E. Cracked. U. R. comer broken away. 5.45 X 6.4 X 2.4. Inscr. 0 (O.) + 8 (R.) = 17 li. Seal ring impr. on U. E., L. E. and Lo. E. Faint traces of an Aramaic docket in black color on R. U. R. corner wanting. Cracked. 4.45 X 5.03 X 1.98. Inscr. 8 (O.) + 7 (R.) + 2 U. E. = 17 li. Seal ring impr. on L. E. Aramaic docket incised on Lo. E. consisting of three li. Lo. L. corner injured. Inscr. well preserved. 6.35 X 8.4 X 2.98. Inscr. 12 (0.) + 9 (R.) = 21 li. Two seal impr. on LI. E., one on Lo. E. and R. Seal ring impr. on L. E. Portion of U. E. broken away. Cracked. 6.35 X 8.35 X 2.95. Inscr. 11 (O.) + 7 (R.) = 18 li. Seal impr. on Lo. E. Another on U. E. broken away. Seal ring impr. on Lo. E., U. E. and R. Lo. L. corner injured. Inscr. well preserved. 5.95 X 8.05 X 2.8. Inscr. 8 (0.) + 7 (R.) = 15 li. Two seal impr. on U. E., one on Lo. E. and L. E. Thumbmark on R. Faint traces of an Aramaic inscription in black color on R. Several cracks with small portions broken out. 5.95 X 7.9 X 2.5. Inscr. 12 (O.) + 3 (Lo. E.) + 8 (R.) = 23 li. Two seal impr. on L. E. and one on R. Two seal ring impr. on U. E. and one on R. 92 93 94 95 96 97 y8 99 100 101 102 BUSINESS DOCUMENTS, DARIUS II. 81 Plate. 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 Yeas. Month. 4 9 4 9 4 11 4 12 4 12 4 (?) 4 (?) 5 2 5 5 5 7 5 8 Day. C. B. M. 23(?) 5143 27 5373 8 5281 3 5221 17 5362 21 5226 (?) 5140 18 5503 16 5188 18 5144 21 5321 Desceiption. Cracked. Small portions broken out. 6.75 X 8.2 X 2.75. Inscr. 13 (O.) + 7 (R.) = 20 li. Two seal impr. on U. E., two on L. E. and one on Lo. E. Seal ring impr. on Lo. E. In a fine state of preservation. 5.25 X 7.05 X 2.45. Inscr. 10 (0.) + 7 (R.) = 17 li. Two seal impr. on U. E. and one on Lo. E. Three short parallel lines in black color on R. In a fine state of preservation. 5.4 X 6.8 X 2.48. Inscr. 10 (0.) + 3 (Lo. E.) + 10 (R.) = 23 li. Two seal impr. on L. E., one on U. E. and one besides thumbmark on R. Cracked. Portions broken out of O. 6.3 X 8.2 X 2.85. Inscr. 11 (0.) + 2 (Lo. E.) + 7 (R.) =20 li. Two seal impr. on U. E., two on L. E., one on R. E., Lo. E. and R. Seal ring impr. on U. E., Lo. E. and R. Well preserved. 7.3 X 5.8 X 2.55. Inscr. 10 (O.) + 8 (R.) = 18 li. Seal impr. on U. E., L. E. and Lo. E. Seal ring impr. on L. E. Four thumb- marks. Also faint traces of an Aramaic inscription in black color on R. U. R. corner wanting. Numerous cracks. 8.2 X 6 35 X 3.1. Inscr. 1 (U. E.) + 12 (O.) + 7 (R.) = 20 li. Seal impr. on U. E., Lo. E., L. E. and R. Seal ring impr. on Lo. E. and L. E. Inscr. of seal on U. E. broken away. U. R. corner wanting. Cracked; otherwise well pre- served. 8.1 X 6.85 X 2.8. Inscr. 13 (0.) + 6 (R.) = 19 li. Two seal impr. on Lo. E., one on U. E., of which the inscr. is broken away. Seal impr. on U. E. Two thumbmarks on L. E. Lo. R. corner wanting. Cracked. 8 X 10.3 X 3.6. Inscr. 12 (0.) + 6 (R.) = 18 li. Seal impr. on U. E., Lo. E. and L. E. Two seal ring impr. on R. E. and one on Lo. E. Aramaic inscription incised on R. Numerous cracks. Small portions broken out. 7.7 X 6.6 X 2.8. Inscr. 9 (0.) + 6 (R.) = 15 li. Two seal impr. on Lo. E., one on U. E. and one on L. E. Seal ring impr. on U. E. Numerous cracks. Small portions broken out of O. and R. 9.65 X 7.45 X 3.2. Inscr. 15 (O.) + 15 (R.) = 30 li. Three seal impr. on U. E. and Lo. E., one on R E. and L. E. Slightly cracked; otherwise well preserved. 6.1 X 7.6 X 2.7. Inscr. 12 (O.) + 1 (Lo. E.) + 10 (R.) = 23 li, Seal impr. on U. E., Lo. E., R. and two on L. E. Seal ring impr. on Lo. E., U. E. and R. 82 BUSINESS DOCUMENTS, DARIUS II. Text. Plate. Year. Month. Day. C. B. M. Description. 103 56 5 10 23 5285 In an excellent state of preservation. 4.75 X 5.95 X 2. Inscr. 9 (0.) + 8 (R.) == 17 li. Seal ring impr. on L. E. U-shaped mark in black color on R. 104 57 5 13 11 5372 In an excellent state of preservation. 5.36 X 6.58 X 2.7. Inscr. 7 (0.) + 5 (R.) = 12 li. Thumb- mark on Lo. E. Incised Aramaic docket on 0. 105 57 5 13 20 5287 U. R. corner wanting. 4.09 X 6 X 2.25. Inscr. 9 (0.) + 2 (Lo. E.) 4- 3 (R.) = 14 li. Thumbmark and incised Aramaic docket on R. 106 58 6 3 10 Const. Ni. 607 Well preserved. 4.9 X 6.2 X 2.32. Inscr. 9 (0.) + 2 (Lo. E.) 4- 2 (R.) = 13 li. Three thumbmarks on R. Incised Aramaic inscr. on R. 107 58 6 5 (?) 5230 U. E. of R. considerably broken away. Numerous cracks. 7.84 X 10.85 X 3.3. Inscr. 8 (0.) 4- 6 (R.) = 14 li. Two seal impr. on L. E., one on Lo. E. Seal ring impr. on Lo. E. 108 59 6 6 10 5217 Numerous cracks; small portion broken out. 6.75 X 8.25 X 2.65. Inscr. 10 (0.) 4- 7 (R.) = 17'li. Thumbmark on L. E. 109 59 6 6 14 5450 Cracked. 4.65 X 5.2 X 2. Inscr. 7 (0.) 4- 6 (R.) = 13 li. 110 59 6 6 13 5286 Numerous cracks j portions broken out. 5.1 X 6.64 X 2.55. Inscr. 9 (0.) 4- 7 (R.) = 16 li. 111 60 6 6 20 5447 Cracked. Small portions broken out. 6.1 X 5.1 X 2.4. Inscr. 8 (0.) 4- 2 (Lo. E.) 4- 9 (R.) = 19 li Seal impr. on U. E. and R. E. Seal ring impr. on L. E. 112 60 6 7 5 5220 Cracked. Portions broken out. 7.6 X 9.65 X 3.15. Inscr. 15 (0.) 4- 6 (R.) = 21 li. Three seal impr. on U. E., the inscription of one of which, belong- ing to Erba-Bel, s. of Bel-ba-na, is broken away; two on L. E. and one on Lo. E. 113 61 6 7 (?) 5369 Lo. R. corner wanting. Numerous cracks. 6 X 7.83 X 2.8. Inscr. 11 (0.) 4- 7 (R.) = 18 li. Two seal impr. on U. E., one on Lo. E., L. E. and R. Thumbmark on R. 114 62 6 10 8 5244 Cracked. Small portion of L. E. wanting. 4.95 X 6.3 X 2.4. Inscr. 10 (0.) 4- 9 (R.) = 19 li. Two seal impr. on Lo. E. and one on U. E. Seal ring impr. on U. E. and L. E. The Rev. begins at the wrong end. 115 62 6 (?) 5 5165 U. R. corner wanting. Cracked, with portions broken out, and effaced on 0. 5.98 X 7.5 X 2.6. Inscr. 12 (0.) 4- 2 (Lo. E.) 4- 8 (R.) = 22 li. Seal ring impr. on U. E. and R. Seal impr. on L. E. and R. E. Incised Aramaic docket on R. and U. E. 116 63 6 (?) (?) 5504 Lo. half wanting. 4.8 X 5.3 (frag.) X 2.35. Inscr. 9 (O.) + 7 (R.) = 16 li. Thumbmark on L. E. Incised Aramaic docket on Lo. E. BUSINESS DOCUMENTS, DAKIUS II. 83 Text. Pl.\^te. Ye.vr. Month. Day. C. B. M. 117 63 7 1 10 5185 US 64 7 1 13 5325 119 65 7 1 15 5291 120 65 7 1 15 5246 121 66 7 1 20 5290 122 60 7 4 6 5365 123 67 7 5 27 5218 124 67 7 6 23 5370 125 68 7 8 22 5231 126 68 7 8 28 5275 127 69 7 9 4 5249 128 69 7 (?) 22 5276 Description. Several cracks. Large portions broken out of 0. and R. 6.25 X 8.4 X 2.9. Inscr. 11 (O.) + 1 (Lo. E ) + 10 (R.) = 22 li. Three seal impr. on U. E., two on L. E., one on Lo. E. and R. E. Seal ring impr. on Lo. E. and R. Fragment. Right half wanting. Several cracks. 11.3 X 10.5 (fr.) X 3.55. Inscr. 20 (0.) + 19 (R.) = 39 li. Two seal impr. on R. E., U. E. and one on R. Two seal ring impr. on R. E. and U. E . Slightly chipped on R. ; otherwise well ' preserved. 4.8 X 5.55 X 2.2. Inscr. 10 (O.) + 1 (Lo. E.) + 9 (R.) = 20 li. Thumbmark on L. E. Faint traces of an Aramaic docket in black color on U. E. Cracked. 4.8 X 5.5 X 2.15. Inscr. 7 (O.) + 9 (R.) = 16 li. Thumbmark on L. E. Faint traces of an Aramaic docket in black color on O. In an excellent state of preservation. 3.95 X 4.9 X 1.9. Inscr. 6 (O.) + 8 (R.) = 14 li. Thumb- mark on Lo. E. Incised Aramaic docket on O. Well preserved. 6.25 X 7.4 X 2.7. Inscr. 12 (O.) + 9 (R.) = 21 li. Two seal impr. on L. E., one on U. E. and Lo. E. Thumbmark on U. E. Lo. R. corner wanting. Cracked. 8.4 X 10.57 X 3.75. Inscr. 6 (0.) + 8 (R.) = 14 li. Seal impr. on L. E., U. E., O., and two on Lo. E. Seal ring impr. on L. E., U. E., Lo. E. In an excellent state of preservation. 5.3 X 6.45 X 2.5. Inscr. 8 (O.) + 8 (R.) = 16 li. Seal impr. on R. E. and U. E. Seal ring impr. on L. E. Cracked. Large portions broken out of O. 6.35 X 8 X 2.7. Inscr. 14 (O.) + 9 (R.) = 23 li. Two seal impr. on U. E., one on L. E. and Lo. E. Seal ring impr. on Lo. E. Three thumbmarks on R. Faint Aramaic docket in black color on R. Well preserved. 6.65 X 8.15 X 2.88. Inscr. 10 (O.) + 6 (R.) = 16 li. Two seal impr. on U. E. and one on Lo. E. Seal ring impr. on L. E. and Lo. E. Incised Aramaic docket on R., in a por- tion of which black color is seen. Cracked. Small portions of O. and R. broken out. 7.2 X 8.1 X 2.8. Inscr. 12 (O.) + 8 (R.) = 20 li. Two seal impr. on Lo. E. and one on LT. E. Seal ring impr. on U. E. and L. E. Thumbmark on R. Slightly effaced on R; othervdse well preserved. 6.3 X 7.98 X 2.8. Inscr. 12 (O.) -h 1 (Lo. E.) + 10 (R.) == 23 li. Seal impr. on L. E. and Lo. E. Three seal ring impr. on U. E. Thumbmark and faint traces of an Aramaic inscr. on R. 84 BUSINESS DOCUMENTS, DAEIUS II. Text. Plate. Year. Month. Day. C. B. M. Description. 129 70 8 1 13 5228 Cracked. Lo. L. corner injured. Portions broken out. 6.6 X 8.15 X 2.78. Inscr. 13 (0.) + 8 (R.) = 21 li. Two seal impr. on U. E. and one on Lo. E. Seal ring impr. on L. E. 130 71 11 6 21 5265 Several cracks, and somewhat effaced. 8.85 X 10.25 X 2.95. Inscr. 19 (0.) + 15 (R.) = 34 li. Three seal impr. on R., two on U. E., Lo. E., L. E. and one on R. E. Two seal ring impr. and thumb- marks on R. Faint traces of an Aramaic docket in black color on R. E. 131 71 11 6 21 5137 Cracked. Small portions broken out of 0. 9 X 10.3 X 3.05. Inscr. 20 (0.) + 13 (R.) = 33 li. Three seal impr. on U. E., two on Lo. E. and L. E., and one on R. E. The Scribe failed to inscribe the 'i '' . ' names of Sillai and Shirki-Bel alongside of the impr. of their seals on R. Seal ring impr. on R. E. and R. Three thumbmarks, and faint Aramaic docket in black color on R. 132 72 13 2(?) 29 5366 Cracked. Small portions broken out. 6.9 X 9.55 X 3. Inscr. 15 (O.) + 11 (R.) = 26 li. Two seal impr. on U. E., on L. 0., on R., and one on L. E. Seal ring impr. broken out of Lo. E. Two thumb- marks on L. E. Supur, etc., written on L. E., but no thumbmarks are visible. Faint Aramaic docket in black color on R. II. Photograph (half-tone) Keproductions. Te.vt. 1 PL.4.TE. I Year. 11 Month. 6 Day. 21 C. B. M. 5137 2 II 1 1 16 5267 3 III 1 8 2 .5501 4 IV 7 8 28 5275 5 IV 5 2 18 5503 6 V 7 1 20 5290 7 V 3 12 1 5449 Description. O. and R. of clay tablet. Contents: Lease of sheep and goats. Cf. PI. 71, No. 131 and Intro., p. 23f. O., R. and Lo. E. of tablet. Contents: A release of a claim for damages. Cf. PI. 6, No. 9 and Intro., p. 30. O., R. and Lo. E. of tablet. Contents: One year lease of certain fish ponds. Cf. PI. 31, No. 54, and Intro., p. 21f. R. of clay tablet, containing Aramaic endorsement. Contents: A receipt for the rent of fief lands. Cf. PI. 68, No. 126, and Intro., p. 32. R. of a tablet. Contents: A lease of certain fields. Cf. PI. 54, No. 99, also Intro., p. 26f. O. of a tablet, with incised Aramaic endorsement. Cf. PI. 66, No. 121. Contents: A record of a debt. O. of a tablet, with incised Aramaic endorsement. Cf. PI. 44, No. 78. . 2 ^ 1 . s 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 BUSINESS DOCUMENTS, DARIUS II. 85 Plate. V V V \1 VI M. VII VII M.1 Mil VIII VIII IX IX X X X X l'ear. Month. Day. C. B. M. Description. 1 7 21 5202 5505 5417 U. E. of tablet with incised Aramaic endorsement. Cf. PI. 30, No. 52. Lo. E. of a clay tablet, with fragmentary incised Aramaic endorsement, which contains the name of the god dKUR-GAL. R. E. of a clay tablet, with a portion of an Aramaic endorsement, containing the name of the god dKUR-GAL. Cf. Vol. IX: 68. 6 3 10 Const. Ni. 607 R. of a clay tablet, with thumb-nail marks, and Aramaic endorsement, containing the name of the god dKUR-GAL. Contents: A lease of sheep and goats. Cf. PI. 58, No. 106. 6 3 10 5512 R. of a clay tablet, containing seal ring impr., and Aramaic endorsement. Contents: A lease of sheep and goats with an Aramaic endorsement 6 3 10 5287 R. of a clay tablet, containing thumb-nail mark, and Aramaic endorsement. Cf. PI. 57, No. 105, and Intro., p. 26. 8 3 5353 R. of a clay tablet, containing faint Aramaic inscrip- tion. Cf. PI. 34, No. 59. For the contents, etc., cf. Intro., p. 34. 6 1 ? 5504 Lo. E. of a clay tablet, containing an incised Aramaic “docket.” Cf. PI. 63, No. 116. 6? (?) 9 5165 R. of a tablet, containing incised Aramaic “docket.” Cf. PI. 62, No. 115. 1 (?) (?) 5160 R. of a tablet, containing incised Aramaic “docket.” Cf. PI. 32, No. 56, also Intro., p. 7, note 2. 3 7 2 5502 0. of tablet with incised Aramaic “docket.” Cf. PI. 39, No. 68. 5 13 11 5372 0. of a tablet with incised Aramaic endorsement. Cf. PI. 57, No. 104. 4 7 (?) 5236 L. E. of tablet (double natural size) -ndth Aramaic endorsement, containing the name of the god Ninib. Cf. Intro., p. 8, also PI. 48, No. 87. 1 7 20 5283 U. E. of tablet (double natural size) with incised Aramaic endorsement, containing the name of the god Ninib. Cf. Intro., p. 8, also PI. 17, No. 29. 1 12 28 5284 R. of clay tablet with very faint Aramaic “docket.” Cf. PI. 32, No. 55, also Intro., p. 28f., for trans- lation. 7 1 16 5246 0. of tablet containing faint Aramaic inscr. in black fluid. Cf. PI. 65, No. 120. 2 9 25 5358 L. E. of a tablet containing a very faint Aramaic inscr., a copy of which is not given in the texts. Cf. PI. 34, No. 60. 7 1 15 5291 U. E. of tablet containing faint “docket” in color- Cf. PI. 65, No. 119. 86 BUSINESS DOCUMENTS, DARIUS II. Text. Plate. Ye.ar. Month. Day. C. B. M. Description. 26 X 2 9 25 5358 R. E. of tablet with “docket” partially incised, and written with fluid. Cf. PI. 34, No. 60. 27 XI 13 7 29 5366 R., Lo. E., L. E. and U. E. of a tablet. 0. contains seal impr., and Aramaic inscr. The ends contain seal impr., in addition the L. E. contains thumb- nail mark. 28, 29 XII 1 6 5 5245 U. E. and L. E. of a tablet containing seal impr., the latter also contains thumb-nail marks. 30 XII 2 9 25 5358 U. E. of tablet with seal impr. Cf. PL X, No. 26, also PI. 34, No. 60. 31 XII 1 1 2 L. E. of tablet containing seal impr. Cf. PI. 5, No. 7. 32, 33 XII 4 4 11 5359 L. E. and R. E. containing seal impr. Cf. PI. 46, No. 83. 34 XIII 1 8 2 5501 U. E. of a tablet with seal impr. Cf. PI. 31, No. 54. 35 XIII 1 5 16 5361 L. E. of a tablet containing three thumb-nail marks. 36 XIII 4 4 11 5359 Lo. E. of tablet with seal impr. Cf. PI. 46, No. 83. 37, 39 XIII 1 1 2 Possession of H. V. Hilprecht. U. E. and Lo. E. of clay tablet with seal impr. Cf. PI. 5, No. 7. 38 XIII 1 1 16 5267 , U. E. of tablet with two seal impr. and a thumb-nail mark. Cf. PI. 6, No. 9. 40 XIV c. 600-300 B.C. 5790 Pottery jar, probably used for wine. The inside is covered with bitumen. There is a hole slightly above the centre, into which, doubtless, a plug or faucet was inserted. Bitumen is smeared about the hole for the purpose of making the jar water- tight, after the faucet was inserted. There is a second hole at the same distance from the bottom to the left of the other. Length 32.5, circum- ference 43.6. 41 XIV 10183 Pottery jar, probably used for wine. Top is frag. Covered with bitumen on the inside. Length 34.5, circumference 34.25. 42 XIV 5761 Pottery wine jar. Inside is covered with bitumen. Length 33.25, circumference 40.5. 43 XV Modern Babylonian water wheel, or nd’ura. Haditha is seen across the river. Photograph by Haynes, Babylonian Expedition of the University of Penn- sylvania. Cf. Hilprecht, Vol. IX, p. 40, and Peters, Nippur, Vol. I, pp. 141-154. 44 XV Modern Babylonian water wheel, or nd’ura, at ’Anah. Photograph by Wolf Expedition. 15 XVI Modern Babylonian water wheel, or cered, illustrating ox-power machines of irrigation mentioned in the texts. Ox hides are used to lift the water. Cf. Intro., Vol. IX, p. 40, and Intro., Vol. X, p. 29. Photograph by Wolf Expedition. Cf. Peters, Nippur, Vol. I, pp. 141-154. 46 XVI A different view of a similar machine, taken by Haynes, one mile below Hillah on the Euphrates. BUSINESS DOCUMENTS, DAEIUS II. 87 Text. Plate. 47 Year. Moxth. Day. C. B. M. • Description. Bubalus buff elm (water buffalo), “common Asiatic Buffalo.” Used at the present time in the nartabu. “machines for irrigation.” Cf. al-pu, Intro., p. 29. 4S XMI Bos indicus (humped bull), “Zebu.” Cf. Hilprecht, Assyriaca, Tafel I., also alpu, Intro., p. 29. Used at the present time in machines for imgation. And Their Values. Only the chamclcrs and variants, with their ideograpliic and phonetic values, found in the published tablets of the .UtfrusAii archives, are given, cf. Introduction, 10. Subdivisions of the GUlt and fractions have been omitted. All the ideograms for the gods arc given under No. 6, aud the cereals, Iiaving the determinative SHE, under No. 179, 2.’ ^ ash, rum, til. hal. ina. naddnu. El. Belit. 3. nartabu. >+^Kp:a: Ninib. irrishu. Daianu. Ardhshamna. Daianul 4. bal, pal. end. Hf KUR-GAL. 5. i ndsh pairu. Nabd. an. j Cf. Id. 252. ilu. Bit. wf Ishtar. 'iW.’W.W )V i i X Ea. BcE Ninib. 7-^ muk, muq. Nusku. 8.>W ak, aq. Cf. Id. 6. Lamassul er. tilu. Nabd. Bau. 11.>^[CT puhru. pashshdru. Belit. Marduk. 12.>^ 13.)^V mah. Cf. Id. 201. siru. Nergal, Of. Id.95.249. Nergal. Sin. la. Cf. Id.' 256. Wf Shama.’ih. Sin. Shamesh. BIL-KIRRUI. 15. B nil. ul. Id. A Ashur. nrqiilu. | Adda. kid, zir. zeru. 1 ny ^ BeE 17 .)^ napharu. j >rf T l>A UTi- Ea. Guta. Cf. Id. 219. 1 nas&ru. ardu. i>A X, Marduk. 1 QUNCIPORM Tej ■■■' -f-it ' *■ 'x ' - \ V ,\ - t'' PL 8 Ernxurc. Repeated on followiny line. 5 PL A Continued 10 15 20 rest, erasure. 7 PL 5 rest erasure. Scribe began to write 8 0 . 10 ” inserted after was written. Lo. E. omitted by scribe. omitted. rest erasure. R.E. rest mistake of scribe. •YK,- ^ 1 ' -- .! I r i i I \ I PI. 6- 9 omitted by acribe. "Y ivritten upon an erasure. Repeated on T jollonnng line. Lo. E Clt3S. iTZtol hu! s // 73 , //7fe ^ 77 ^ 5 JT. r ' I ■jtf^r...'?! ! 7 ^ ' **» \ ■’ -’I '^4 v"-ii PI 7 Continued ’nw,' erasure. Continued PL 8 PL 9 Continued to to PI. 10 16 omiUed. 17 I 3 .v-V, ■ f i / I « i Continued PL 11 - ■ ;'*^W ■r . X r ^i. .■ ’■ H. \ I L ^ :, - .f,. rt PI 12 Continued Omit, mistake of scribe. Lower horizontal wedge, erasure. Obligue wedge erasure. i. I "I ! f \ •P, \, PI 13 21 Lr^. E 23 Cf. ■^r r I 9’ •! V, ■•a 1 'I f. i PI H Continued 24 FI 15 Continued t > i PL 16 Continued Srrihe re/Jealed 1)1/ niisUikf'. 27 0 . Lo. E. 10 ’ erasure. *■ >^^jesl rrasurv .... ..... 28 f FL 17 Continued 29 Repeated on following line. Erasure. Erasure of thumbnail marks ^*^,rest mistake of scribe. Scribe failed to write name Horizontal wedge, erasure. Erasure. 30 PL 18 Continued 31 I; .( ' ■ ./' 'I' ■' . % -V ■ .fi : I a I » K ■\ A ■*' PI. 19 -V. IS PL 20 Continued 34 35 I PL 21 Continued Erasure. 36 i 37 PL 22 39 PL 28 mistake PL 2 A Continued 41 Kruxurr. '^tvHlfrn UDOii errixure. % , rest. erasure. 15 ^ .. 'fiTT '-w. . c 05 5-2 -/rf" hTus (cS //7JJ//77 42 Continued PL 25 43 R.15 44 Road If omitted by scribe. I V T 45 PL 26 Contimi^d PL 27 PL 28 Conlmued 49 , erasure. Erasure. °'fyZL^rest erasure. Erasure. PL 29 50 5^ omitted. u': E. .„/ * giis»**w- L. E. 5 / .£.( 54 ^ ryf^yLy^ Continued PL 30 0 Continued PL 31 Erasure. 54 R- 15 Lo. E •'TR omitted t>y scribe. m c r? i . s-so I hv : ri^oto // i‘i L PL .32 55 C j3S. ■y/6 o Plui ,/83 57 PI 33 59 PL 34 0 . TT t) Lr. £ L. E ^3^ rest mistake of scribe R. T> ■ la T)4'^ TfTT>^''' cab. 6-iyS Ho: iHdos //yS" nyy^^ " '>2^W T-^^WRf " 5S^5§lS2S™^v rest erasure. C / J 5 . J~~r o a- 1 ^^*' ^^0-^6 3 // S 3 69 70 PL AO f i I f -I % 72 PL 41 73 jl 74 PL 42 Continued PL 4-3 n Character!^ above li. intended ^ for insertion here ^ omitted by scribe. L. E.J' 6 i Continued PI. U C/Jj, .^2 hv. fincfo //7'/ 84 PI. J,7 omitted by scribe. M i 88 PL A9 89 R. PI 50 R. E. n:- 92 PL 51 PL 52 Lr. E O- i 96 PL 58 mistake oj scribe. , rest erasure rest mistake of scribe 98 PI. r,4 10 ^ 15 y ’ miscake of scribe. ' scribe. Cf. li. 10 Erasure. U. E. , res/ erasure. Scribe failed to lorite father's name. 99 100 PI 55 PL 56 Erasure. .^omitted by scribe. U. Erasure. » 1 % >eW -ik )( 'fc ■' .a* 104 PL 57 c /7 S s -2 i y Tius.r*, C~l c !> Sz r ) ■' i 106 H. 58 C! C r? : ■/<£ /-tXa f-7C 108 PL 59 PI. 60 Continued PI 61 Continued U. wmp- e. If 'j S' . Vi'’- m 'PL 62 U. E. 116 PI 63 ° IS§^' i»- E. r 118 PL » 119 PL 66 0 . 121 w Characters above li. intended for irusertion here rest, mistake of scribe. 10 122 ” rest erasure. '►jp^^SPP u. -\ •esf erasure. '\> mrn^ i r b PL 07 123 ,0 '\>m . rest erasure 124 V , Vv <1 .'v PL GH 125 U E. *• y rest erasure. ' Omit, mistake of scribe. (' • -/i- omit led b>/ scribe. omitted hi/.scrihe , 126 rest era.sure. EE. IS 5^4 \>)^ );a'u to A^ U s o / 6 // S V- PI. 09 i m ■ ■ •• -a /• PL 70 Continued 129 PL 71 Conti trued PI. 7^2 Q > (o C> ho% n,oib 5 y/ 7 / // 7J //7f //7 j' ■< Iv V PL. !. OBVERSE, REVERSE. 1 LEASE OP SHEEP AMD GOATS. FL. 11. LOVER EDGE. REVERSE. 2 P_LEA5E ON ACCOUNT OF A CLAIAl FOR DA/AAQES ARISING FROM TRESPASS c ^^<>7 hvi.TAo'loi, ,n5^ X ''7% PL. III. OBVERSE. LOWER EDGE. REVERSE. 3 ONE TEAR’S LEASE OF FISH PONDS. C ■ a-s-o / Hoi Pha/o //G9 PL. IV. 5 TABLETS WITH ARAAIAIC EM DORSEMENTS. 4. RECEIPT FOR THE RENT OF FIEF LANDS. 5. THREE YEARS' LEASE OF CERTAIN LANDS. • I k - r. % \ 1 ■ FL. \I. c 0^ ‘ Aft'S. //S7 CQi s's'os- Moi.ru^t, //>i_ TABLETS WITH INCISED ARA/AAIC ENDORSEHENTS. FL. VI. SHEEP AND QOAT LEASES WITH INCISED ARAHAIC ENDORSEHENTS. PL. Vll. 16 . TABLETS WITH ENDORSEriENTS IN ARAHAIC. No. 14 IS WRITTEN WITH BLACR FLUID. Nos. 15 AND 16 ARE INCISED. 1 \ T A. i ,1 \ •J FL. VIll. 17. RECEIPT FOR THE RENT OF A HOUSE. 16. RECORD OF A DEBT, 19. FROniSSORY NOTE. PL. IX 20 21 TAELET5 VITH INCISED ARAHAIC ENDORSEAIENTS, CONTAINING THE NANIE OF THE GOD NINIB. (ENLARGED.) c 13 5 0 a j fe //yo // 7 / '^72^ FL. X. CD -5. S-Jrf Ho s. ri,c Loi 1177 7 / 79 ^ ,/^7 ^ n^Z 23 TABLETS WITH ENDORSEnENTS IN ARAFIAIC. PL. XI. 27 ONE TEAR’S LEASE OF SHEEP. REVERSE CONTAINS ARAHAIC ENDORSEHENT. C ^ 2Vt>5 j // 7^/- ///j- PL. XII. TABLETS WITH SEAL inPRESSIOAlS AND THUHB-NAIL MARKS. PL. XIII. TABLETS WITH SEAL inPRESSIOfSS AND THUnB-NAIL MARAS. fL. XIV. BABTLOyNl/\N VINE JARS. FL. XV. 44 MODERN BABYLONIAN WATER WHEELS. PL. XVI. 46 nODERN BABTLO/^IAN WATER WHEELS. PL. XVIl 48 THE WATER EUEEALO AND ZEBU USED IN HODERN WORKS OF IRRIGATION. CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS. The following are offered in connection with the text of Vol. IX. Tlie originals were examined only when the transliteration or translation seemed to suggest that the text was different from the tablet. VOL. IX. 1 : 1. Instead of hSUAB the tablet has hre’u. 1 : 14. Instead of ZU miqittu the tablet has immeruvuqittu. 7 : 17. Instead of a-DI-i the tablet has a-M-i. 10 : 21. Instead of i-N’A-ep-shu the tablet has i-te-eji-shu. 12 : 8. Scribe omitted amelu before ki-ri-ki-c-ti. 16 : 6. Instead of nl-DU-qu the tablet has ni-ish-qu. 18 : 13. Instead of reading Ish-DU-hu-QA-tu- read Uh-ta-hu-za-na- . 20 ; 9 end. Instead of reading EN-8TIAM-DU the tablet has EN-NUN-ium. 24 ; 7. Read e-lat ; rest is mistake of scribe. 25 : 10. “ The last perpend, li.” can scarcely be regarded as a “ mistake of scribe,” considering that he wrote DVR in a similiar way. Of. 34 ; 3, 11. 26 : 4. The fourth character is s/m. Of. 1. 9 end and 29 : 19 ; 30 : 8. 26 : 12. Instead of “ Erasure,” note should read ” Tablet injured.” 26 : 17 end. The tablet has tlie determ, m before Ka-nir. 29 : 24. MESH omitted by scribe after MU-ziN-NA. 35 : 17. MAN omitted by scribe. It should read um-man-nu. 35 : 17. Instead of i^ER, tablet reads i«unartabu. 35 :22. Omit OTJli between 200 and 60. Cf. 1. 14. It is a mistake of the scribe. 36 : 3. Transpose slia and the detenu, m. It should read umSha-Nabu-shti. 44 : 24. Text is correct. Name is to be read Bel-shum-lil-bir. 48 : U.E. Determ, m omitted before Murashu. 51 : 5 end. Tablet contains dluNinib-a-shab-shu-iq-bi. 53 : 18. The sign KIBRUD has on the tablet an additional perpendicular wedge on the left side. Cf. Sign List. 55 : 20 beginning, tu is omitted by the scribe. Read ul-tu. 59 ; 1 end. li is correct. Cf. 65 : 11. 59 ; 11. Fourth character is to be read U. Cf. li. 1, and 65 : 11. 60 :8 end. The sign on the tablet is kun=shu-kun, and not BAR-NUN. Cf. Rl. VI. 65 ; 7. bi is omitted by scribe. Read ina hud lib-bi-shu. 70 ; 1 end. kan is omitted by scribe. 70 ; 8. b omitted by copyist before SApI, whicli is read J Rpl, Vol. IX, j). 75. 76 : 6. Tablet contains sha ina pani. 82 : 7. Instead of DIR tablet has EAR. Read Bel-ctir. 82 : 11 end. Tablet reads ti sha ina pani. 102 : 16. Instead of GISH read bar = hush-ta-ar-bar-ri. 108. Instead of AD tablet has BIL. Cf. Sign List, 88, variant. 26“ : 8. Tablet reads 1600 instead of 1500. 32“ : 2. Instead of a-Dl-i read a-ki-i. It is a mistake of tlie scribe. VOL. X. For a goodly number of the following corrections and additions I am indebted to Kev. \V. J. llinke. a member of the Babylonian Seminar. P. 8, li. 19, read (D1 instead of (7)1. P. 14, li. 20, read KIRRUD instead of KIR- RUD. COKliECTIONS AND ADDITIONS- Continded. P. 19 li. 11, read ardia instead of ardiia. P. 24, note, li. 5, read P. 24, note, li. 16. As suggested by the Editor, cf. Ileb. TJ and Aram. XTJ instead of TU. P. 28, li. 21, read i instead of(l)''. Pp. 29 and 37, instead of [?] in read 1. I left it open as the Editor at first desired to read abu for AD, cf. p. 71. P. 40, notes, li. 3, omit King, Letters and Inscriptions of llammurahi, Vol. Ill, p. 36. P. 40, notes, li. 7, read miJN instead of nt^UN. P. 58, read Na-tu-e-cl. P. 60, notes, li. 2, add the names Na-ah-dE-si-’ , and Pa-ad-d E-si or Pa ad-an-E-si. Cf Const. Ni. 560. Sign List, No. 252, read eqlu instead of eklu. PI. 21, li. 9, seribe omitted ul before i-shal-lat. PI. 33, li. 14, opiit ui, mistake of scribe ; read ra-shu-us-su. PI. 36, li. 4 end, read 58 gur. Cf li. 1, 9. PI. 63, li. 1, omit eqlu (dittography bj^ scribe). PI. 67, li. 2, na omitted. Read na-da-na-a-tu. PI. 122, li. 9, omit v (dittography by scribe). PI. 129, li. 1, dan-nu omitted by scribe after karpaiu. Cf li. 7. rn