■ ■ . ( Ak>: ' Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2019 with funding from Getty Research Institute https://archive.org/details/romanceofblondeo72beau TIIE ROMANCE OF BLONDE OF OXFORD AND JEHAN OF DAMMARTIN. BY PHILIPPE DE REIMES, A TROUVERE OF THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY. EDITED, FROM THE UNIQUE MS. IN THE IMPERIAL LIBRARY IN PARIS, BY M. LE ROUX DE LINCY. PRINTED FOR THE CAMDEN SOCIETY. M.DCCC.LVIII. WESTMINSTER : J. B. NICHOLS AND SONS, PRINTERS. PARLIAMENT STREET. [LXXII.] GETTY centq 4 tiSRArty COUNCIL OF THE CAMDEN SOCIETY FOR THE YEAR 1858-9. President , TIIE EARL JERMYN, M.P. F.S.A. WILLIAM HENRY ELAAUW, ESQ. M.A., F.S.A. JOHN BRUCE, ESQ. V.P.S.A. Director. JOHN PAIlNE COLLIER, ESQ. F.S.A. Treasurer. WILLIAM DURRANT COOPER, ESQ. F.S.A. BOLTON CORNEY, ESQ. M.R.S.L. JAMES CROSBY, ESQ. F.S.A. JOHN FORSTER, ESQ. EDWARD FOSS, ESQ. F.S.A. THOMAS W. KINO, ESQ. F.S.A., York Herald. THE REV. LAMBERT B. LARKING, M.A. PETER LEVESQUE, ESQ. F.S.A. SIR FREDERICK MADDEN, K.II., F.R.S. FREDERIC OUVRY, ESQ. Treas.S.A. WILLIAM J. THOMS, ESQ. F.S.A. Secretary. WILLIAM TITE, ESQ. M.P. F.R.S. F.S.A. The Council of the Camden Society desire it to be under¬ stood that they are not answerable for any opinions or observa¬ tions that may appear in the Society’s publications; the Editors of the several works being alone responsible for the same. INTRODUCTION, Philippe de Reimes was a trouvere who would have been entirely forgotten if a single manuscript, now in existence, had been lost. This manuscript, which is in a handwriting of the fourteenth centui’y, contains two early French metrical romances, bearing his name, one entitled the Roman de la Manekine , a version of a well-known legend, which occurs in various forms in the middle ages, and the scene of which is here laid in Scotland ; the other a story of medieval baronial life, relating the adven¬ tures of two lovers, Blonde of Oxford and Jean of Dammartin. In both of them, the author makes us acquainted with his name, without giving any further information relating to himself; but the general character of his writings leaves little room for doubting that he lived about the middle or perhaps in the latter half of the thirteenth century. The first of the romances just mentioned, that of La Manekine, was edited by M. Fran- cisque Michel for the Bannatyne Club in 1840. We are now enabled to present to the members of the Camden Society the second, which has been edited for them from the original manuscript (No. 7609 2 , in the great collec¬ tion which has been known during the last few years by the successive titles of the Bibliotheque du Roi, the Bibliotheque Nationale, and the Bibliotheque Imperiale, at Paris,) by M. Le Roux de Lincy, a French scholar well known by his labours in medieval literature. The poem of Blonde of Oxford and Jean of Dammartin belongs to none of what are called the cycles of medieval romance, but is a simple narrative of familiar incidents such as belonged in the thirteenth century to every-day life ; and it is this circumstance which imparts to it its great value, for it is a most interesting picture of medieval manners, equally vivid and minute. As a writer, Philippe de Reimes possesses several rather striking defects ; he is continually straining at phraseological effect, which VI INTRODUCTION. degenerates into ridiculous conceits, and he is generally verbose, which verbosity, however, has the advantage to us that it leads him into minute descriptions which perhaps another writer would have avoided. Philippe de Reimes tells us that the object of his story is to incite young gentlemen to bestir themselves in search of fortune and honour, and not to remain idle at home, a burthen upon their families and friends. “ If,” says he, “ a poor gentleman remain in his own country a single hour, he ought to have his eyes put out; for he is only a burthen to himself and to his relatives who love him ; and the others call him a ‘caitiff’ and avoid his company.” “ If such a one,” he adds, “ should say, ‘ I know not where to go,’ he ought to be much blamed for it, for he may hear every day of occupation for young people beyond sea (i. e. in the East) or in the Morea, or in many a foreign country. The individual of whom 1 am now going to tell you was not one of these idlers, but he went into a foreign land to gain renown and honour—by seeking honour he arrived at it, and I will tell you how it happened.” (11. 25-48). There was in France a knight, who had been greatly distinguished in arms in his youth, and now in his old age was renowned for his hospitality; he had a wife, who was no less respected, with two daughters and four sons, all living. His lands lay at Dammartin, in the Ile-de-France, and were of sufficient extent to make him a rich man, but they were burdened with heavy mortgages, the result of his youthful extravagances. Under these circum¬ stances, his eldest son, named Jean, who was already remarked for his good qualities although he had only reached his twentieth year, one day reflecting upon the condition of his father and his own prospects, resolved to leave his home and seek his fortune abroad. Accordingly, Jean departed from Dam- martin, taking with him only a horse, twenty sols in his pocket, and one varlet or attendant whose name was Robin. He had selected England as the country which appeared to promise him the greatest prospect of success, and he directed his steps to Boulogne, where he waited until he found a merchant ship which carried him across the channel to Dover. After passing one night there, he was on horseback again early the next morning, and continued his journey towards London. One day he overtook an Earl, who had been on business to the sea-coast, and who was now on his way to London, to attend the parliament which was held there. Jean inquired of the retinue of this nobleman who he was, and learned from them that he was Earl of INTRODUCTION. Vll Oxford ; whereupon he rode up to him, and saluted him. The Earl returned the salutation, “ for he understood French well, having been in France to learn it,” and asked our wanderer when he had left that country, why he had quitted his home, and what business had brought him to England. Jean briefly told him his history, and said that he had come to England in search of service. After some conversation, the Earl of Oxford retained Jean of Dammartin as an esquire of his household. Jean now continued on his way as one of the Earl’s retinue, and he laboured successfully to make himself agreeable to his companions. They arrived in London on a Tuesday, and had a fair and w^ell furnished hostel, where the Earl remained as long as the parliament lasted. The Earl eat with the King, and it was Jean’s duty, as his esquire, to carve before him, an office which he performed so skilfully, and so courteously and attentively, as to merit everybody’s good opinion. After the parliament was at an end, Jean accompanied his master to Oxford, where he was presented to the Countess, and at her suggestion, in consideration of his good breeding and gentle dis¬ position, he was appointed to attend at table upon their only child, the Lady Blonde. As this proposal proved equally agreeable to the esquire and to the lady, the former was at once installed in his office ; the tables were laid, the Earl first seated himself, each individual of the family followed according to his degree, and Jean stood before the young lady to carve for her. The beauty and good qualities of the lady are described by our poet with great minuteness. She was eighteen years of age, and spoke French not quite so well as if she had been born at Pontoise. Jean not only performed his duties with the greatest assiduity, but he watched every opportunity of doing services to the others, and soon became the favourite of all, from the Earl and his lady down to the lowest menial in the household. “ After the meal, they wash their hands, and then go to divert themselves, according as each pleases, either in the forests or on the rivers (i. e . in hunting or hawking), or in amusements of other kinds. Jean goes to which he likes, and when he returns he often goes to play in the Countess’s chambers with the ladies, who kept him occupied in teaching them French. And he does and says courteously whatever they please to ask him, as one who was ready at anything. Of chamber pastimes he knew enough, chess, tables, and dice, with which he entertained his lady; he often said to her ‘check’ and ‘ mate.’ He taught her to play many a game, and instructed her in better vm INTRODUCTION. French than she spoke when he came. Thus she became much attached to him ; for he laboured diligently to do whatever he thought would please her.” (11. 387-408.) Thus Jean led for some time a very pleasant life ; but his peace of mind was destined very soon to be disturbed, for, as might almost have been expected, the courtly squire fell violently in love with his charming young mistress. The progress of this new affection is described very naively. One day Blonde was seated at the table, and Jean, as usual, was carving before her. It happened that his eyes fell upon her, and, though he had now been in the habit of looking at her for eighteen weeks, he had never experienced the same difficulty in withdrawing his eyes from her before. Indeed he was so lost in the contemplation of her beauty, that he quite forgot his duty of carving, until the lady herself was obliged to remind him of it. “ Jean,” she said, “ carve ; you seem beside yourself.” He immediately recovered his presence of mind, and proceeded with his duties, much mor¬ tified at the rebuke, for it was the first time she had ever had to tell him what to do. During that meal Jean of Dammartin carefully avoided looking at his mistress again. Next day, when Jean proceeded to perform his duties at table, he fell into the same reverie as before, and was only aroused from it by a new rebuke ; “ Jean,” said his young mistress, “ carve! Are you sleeping, or are you dreaming ? if you please, give me to eat; cease your dreaming for the present.” Jean was now so agitated, that, in his eagerness to carve, he cut two of his fingers ; and thereupon, having found another esquire to act for him, and having bound up his fingers in a kerchief which he had obtained from a damsel, he hurried to his chamber and threw himself in great dis¬ tress on his bed. There he lay, making long complaints of his love, until the dinner was finished and the company risen from table, and then he was surprised by a visit from Blonde, who was much concerned at his accident. “ Jean,” she said, “are you much hurt? tell me how you are.” “Truly, lady,” he replied, “ yes; I know not how it happened, but I cut myself to the bone. But it is not this wound that grieves me ; I think I have some other disease, for I have lost all my spirits, and have been unable to eat either yesterday or to-day ; and I feel a great fainting at the heart, that I hardly know what to do.” “ Truly, Jean, I am much concerned at that,” said the lady Blonde courteously ; “ you must pay attention to your diet, INTRODUCTION. IX and ask for whatever you like until you are restored.” “ Lady,” said Jean, “ many thanks !” but he added in a whisper between his teeth, “ Lady, it is you who carry the key of my life and health, of which I am in such danger.” Blonde, who did not hear these words, had no sooner left him, than he fainted on the bed, and his “garson” imagined he was dead, until, with a deep sigh, he came to himself again. Some of Blonde’s ladies now made their appearance, bringing a capon delicately arranged in “ caudle,” with choice herbs ; but they had to return to their mistress with the conviction that he was unable to eat. Blonde grieved much, although at this time she seems to have had no other affection towards her esquire than that which arose from the great satisfaction she derived from his services. Thus Jean remained on his bed, abandoning himself to grief that day and night, until the Earl and Countess were informed of his condition, and they also paid him a visit, but succeeded no better in obtaining a satisfactory account of the nature of his malady. The Earl, however, sent him his own physician, who, according to the medical practice of the day, felt his pulse and examined his urine, but all to no purpose, and he was obliged to acknowledge his ignorance. In this state Jean remained five weeks, suffer¬ ing so much and eating so little, that he was reduced to nothing but skin and bones. At length Blonde, meditating long upon the circumstances of his case, began to suspect the truth. She called to mind a stealthy glance he gave her at the time he cut his fingers, as well as other looks equally significant; but still she could not bring herself to believe that love could produce such a violent effect. Nevertheless, she was resolved to know the truth, and one day she went alone to visit him, and seated herself upon the side of his bed. “ Jean,” she said, “ fair friend, tell me what is the cause of your being’ reduced to this condition; I wish to know, and therefore tell me, and I pray you by the duty you owe me not to conceal it from me. I give you my faithful assurance that, if I can procure a cure for you, you shall be no longer ill.” Jean began to take courage from these words, for he knew well enough that it was in Blonde’s power to cure him, yet he was afraid of committing himself by saying too much. “ Many thanks, gentle lady,” said he, “ your words are very sweet; but know that I see no way by which I can be cured of this disease; nor have I sufficient courage to venture on saying what is the medicine which would restore me. Nevertheless, there is CAMD. SOC. b X INTRODUCTION. a medicine by which, if she who has it in her power would administer it, I should no doubt be relieved ; but I die from the want of courage to declare it.” “ Jean, fair friend, you shall not do so ; such an occurrence would be a great grief to me. I never before prayed you for anything, but now I pray you this for your own good ; tell me your disease, and I swear to you on my life that I will labour to cure you, if I once know what ails you.” “ Will you, lady ?” “ Yes, truly; now talk to me without fear.” “ Lady, I dare not.” “ Nonsense ! I will know it one way or other.” “ If you will, lady, then you shall know it; it is for you that I suffer.” Jean had hardly uttered these words, when he fainted, and remained long in this state. Blonde, who now knew the whole secret, saw that if she discouraged him it would be the cause of his death, and she resolved on doing all she could for his recovery. She took him in her arms, and roused him, and, when he had recovered his consciousness, she said, “ Friend, since for my sake you have incurred the peril of death, I will give you comfort; therefore, put your trust in me, and think of recovery, and know that as soon as you are restored you shall be my ‘ bon ami.’” “ Shall I, lady? is it truth you say?’’ “ Yea, friend, be assured of it.” “Then, lady, I shall recover, for I have no other disease.” “ Eat, then, fair, sweet friend, and let your heart be at ease.” “ Lady, I will do as pleases you; when you will, I will eat.” (11. 689—790.) Blonde took her esquire at his word, and he soon recovered, to the great joy of the whole household. It appears, however, that Blonde w 7 as only so far sincere that she wished for Jean’s restoration to health ; but when this object was accomplished she ceased speaking of love, and the lover, in greater distress than ever, sought to remind her of her promise. The opportunity for this explanation presented itself one day in a meadow, where Blonde was occupied in making a chaplet of flowers. She told him candidly that all she had said was merely intended to promote his restoration to health, and represented to him their difference of rank, and the unreason¬ ableness of his passion. Jean returned to his chamber, took to his bed again, and in a few days was reduced to a worse condition than before. At length he was believed to be dying, and one night Blonde was aroused in her bed by the voice of his “ garson” Robin, who was lamenting over his master. She called for one of her maidens, and was informed by her of the cause of this disturbance. A sudden feeling of compunction took posses- INTRODUCTION. XI sion of her, and from this moment her love for Jean became reciprocal. Her conduct under these circumstances presents a curious picture of the freedom of mediaeval life. Knowing well that all the household were asleep, Blonde arose from her bed, threw over herself merely a “ pelif^on ” of ermine (people then went into bed naked), and left her chamber to proceed to that which was occupied by Jean of Dammartin. She found Jean’s chamber dimly lighted by a lamp, and his page Robin watching over his master’s bed. Robin rose respectfully to meet her, and in answer to her questions told her that he knew well it was for her love that his master was dying. She seated herself hurriedly on the bed, felt Jean’s forehead and his pulse, placed her hand upon his breast to feel the beating of his heart, and became convinced of the extremity to which he was reduced. Overcome with grief and repentance, she fainted several times upon the bed, while Jean was not onlv too weak to be able to give her any assistance, but, after she reco¬ vered, he was for some time unable to speak, and could only listen in silence to her lamentations and self-accusations. Her caresses, however, at length restored him a little, and after an explanation, in the course of which she promises him her entire love and devotion, she persuades him to eat, and brings him a cold chicken “ au verjus,” which she serves to him with her own hand. He now recovered somewhat of his strength, and the two lovers remained together until the approach of daylight rendered it neces¬ sary for Blonde to return to her own chamber to prevent a discovery. After she was gone Jean slept for the first time since eight days, and when he was awakened at tierce (9 o’clock) it was found, to the surprise of everybody, that he had recovered his appetite. Two damsels, who expected to find him dead, served him with food very joyfully. It was soon known throughout the household that Jean was recovering, and the Earl, with the Countess and all her maidens, many of whom w r e are assured were very beautiful, but none so beautiful as tbe Lady Blonde, came to visit him and congratulate him upon the favourable change. It was some days, however, before he could leave his bed, and during that time Blonde, to avoid obser¬ vation, came to him always at night and alone. This nightly intercourse was carried on long, and innocently, which the writer gives us to understand was very often under such circumstances not the case. In the day-time they were obliged to be more guarded in their behaviour, but Jean’s duty of attending upon his lady gave them frequent opportunities of being INTRODUCTION. Xu together, and every day they played at tables and other games, and, when the rest of the company were not observing them, they indulged in a hurried embrace. They had led this life two years, without being discovered, when one day, as the Earl’s household was at table, a messenger presented himself in the hall with the intelligence that Jean’s father was severely ill, that his mother had been dead some time, and that the former wished him to return immediately to France. Jean w r as grieved at this news, but we are told that he was much more grieved at the prospect of being separated from Blonde. He hesitated for some time whether he should remain with Blonde or obey his father’s call, and the effect of these conflicting feelings was such that the Earl and Countess, believing that his grief arose entirely from his filial sentiments, did all they could to console him. He was obliged to wait until night to consult with the lady who was most concerned in the matter. At length, after waiting impatiently till they had assured themselves that everybody else was asleep, the two lovers rose from their beds, and, as it was a clear moonlight night in summer, they went together into a garden, and seated themselves under a large pear-tree, where, after much time passed in warm and earnest caresses, Jean proceeded to explain his embarrassment and to ask the counsel of his lady. She agreed in the necessity for his going home to his father, but she proposed that in the same night of the following year he should return secretly, and she promised to await him under that same pear-tree in the garden and fly with him to France. She confessed to having some misgivings that during the year her father would desire to marry her, but she engaged to find the means of evading all proposals of this kind. Their grief at parting was great, and daybreak came upon them before they could resolve to leave the scene of this stolen interview. In due time Robin, who had saddled the horses, called his master from his bed, and they prepared for their journey. The Earl of Oxford, who was much attached to Jean and regretted the loss of his services, manifested his good will in a substantial manner by giving him two palfreys laden with “white sterlings ” (silver coin). “Jean,” said he, “ if you should come again from France to England, I will make you steward of my lands and master of my household ; for your behaviour pleases me highly ; you shall have the charge of every thing, and take what you like.” Jean, who INTRODUCTION. Xlll appears to have been rather fond of playing with double meanings, thanked him for his good will and generous offer, adding, “ If it please God, I will return one day, and take something of yours.” “ In faith,” replied the Earl, “ I am much pleased to hear it.” But, as the narrator of the story remarks, the Earl of Oxford did not know w r hat it was that Jean intended to carry away. After taking leave of everybody, and a short but tender interview with Blonde, Jean and Robin quitted Oxford, and rode over mountains and valleys and through forests, till they came to Dover, where they lodged one night. Early next morning they went on board ship, and were carried to Wissant, from whence they continued their journey until one evening they reached Dammartin, where Jean was joyfully received by his brothers and sisters. His father, also, rejoiced at his arrival, although he was so dangerously ill that he died soon afterwards. Jean, who inherited his father’s estate, went to Paris to perform homage for his lands to the King, and the latter was so well satisfied with him that he offered to retain him in his service. But this did not agree with Jean’s views, and the King bestowed this favour upon his three brothers. Jean returned to Dammartin, where he gave his two sisters the charge of his household, and not only paid his father’s debts, but showed such hospitality to everybody, that from Sens to the sea there was not an esquire more beloved. As the time passed on, Jean purchased a choice palfrey, and obtained from Paris a rich sambue, or lady’s saddle, stuffed with cotton, and a bridle of silk. Robin was the only one who knew the meaning of these preparations. While these occurrences were taking place in France, what appears to have been anticipated happened in England. The Countess of Oxford died, and immediately after her death the Earl of Gloucester demanded the hand of her daughter Blonde. One day her father came to her and said, “ Daughter, if you will, you shall soon be Countess of Gloucester ; I have fixed the day for the betrothing, and we will then fix one for the marriage.” He was surprised to find that this announcement was received with less joy than he expected. “ Sir,” Blonde replied, “ do not marry me, for I do not want to be married yet; I pray you, for God’s love, give me a little respite.” The Earl was angry, told her she should have a husband whether she would or not, and left her overwhelmed with grief and alarm, under the influence of which she made a comparison, much to the advantage XIV INTRODUCTION. of her lover, between the rich Earl of Gloucester and the charming Jean of Dammartin, and she concluded that two kisses of love are worth more than a purse full of money. The Earl her father, however, still pressed the marriage, and, to escape his importunity, she pretended to agree to it, only begging that it might be delayed on account of the recent death of her mother. The Earl consented to this, but insisted that she should fix a day, and, after some discussion, it was agreed that the marriage of Blonde with the Earl of Gloucester should take place on that day four months, which happened to be the very day on which Jean of Dammartin had promised to come secretly to carry her away. She could not obtain from her father the delay of a single day beyond that, and he immediately sent to the Earl of Gloucester to request his attendance at Oxford at the time appointed. As may be supposed, Blonde’s anxiety under these circumstances was great, for she was afraid that her lover might not arrive in time. The period at length arrived when Jean of Dammartin, having made all his arrangements, left his home in France, accompanied only by his garson Robin, who led the delicately caparisoned palfrey. When they reached the sea, they hired a ship which carried them to Dover, and there Jean, when he landed, paid the shipinan ten pounds to wait his return. They then rode night and day till they arrived in London, where Jean took up his lodging in a very handsome and comfortable hotel, and, while Robin put the horses in the stable, he went out to walk in the streets. Seeing a great crowd of people, he inquired of one of them what it all meant, and was informed that it was the Earl of Gloucester, who had just arrived on important business In the course of conversation, he learned further that the Earl would leave the town next day in order to proceed to Oxford to be married to the Lady Blonde, and that the marriage had been delayed four months. Jean returned to his hotel in anger and despair, and com¬ municated what he had heard to Robin, who, however, consoled him by remarking that the delay of four months was probably a subterfuge on the part of Blonde to give him time to arrive and rescue her. This seemed sufficiently probable to satisfy Jean, who supped and went to his bed to pass an anxious and sleepless night. He rose at day-break, and found that Robin was waiting for him with his horse ready saddled. The Earl of Gloucester set out on his journey nearly at the same time, and they had hardly cleared the town when the one overtook the other, and the Earl, INTRODUCTION. XV addressing him courteously, asked him his name. Oddly enough, the writer of the romance introduces the Earl of Gloucester speaking bad French. Jean replied that his name was Gautier, and that he was born at Montdidier. After a rude remark on his name, the Earl inquired whither he was going, and whether Robin were his man; to which latter question he answered in the affirmative. The Earl then offered to buy the palfrey ; to which proposal Jean assented, pretending that he was a dealer ; but he asked so high a price for it, that the Earl thought him a fool, and refused the bargain. They rode on thus, conversing together from time to time, until at length towards prime (six o’clock in the evening) they were overtaken by a shower of rain, which wet and very much incommoded the Earl of Gloucester, who was dressed in a rich robe of green sendal. Observing Jean smile, he asked him what he was laughing at. “ I will tell you the truth,” said Jean; “ if I were a rich man, as you are, I would always carry a house with me in which I could take shelter; I should not then be soiled, or be wet, as you are.” This remark confirmed the Earl’s opinion that Jean was no better than a fool; and some of his followers expressed an opinion that this was the general character of Frenchmen. Jean pretended not to understand English, and said nothing. Soon afterwards they came to a river which had to be passed by a ford ; but the Earl, entering incau¬ tiously, missed the ford, fell into deep water, was carried out of his saddle, and would have been drowned but for the interference of some fishermen in a boat. Jean and Robin passed the ford carefully and with ease, and rode up to the Earl on the other side, who was in such a condition that one of his knights was obliged to strip in order to furnish him with dry clothes, for the baggage was too far in the rear to be available. Jean offered another piece of advice. “ If,” said he, “ I had such a multitude of followers as you, I would always carry a bridge with me, so that I could pass every river with ease.” The Earl and his men laughed greatly at the folly of this remark. Thus at length they approached Oxford, and Jean, who knew the country well, took leave of the Earl of Gloucester in order to enter the town by a by-road. The Earl wished to retain him in his company; but Jean refused to remain, and, in reply to his importunities, told him that he had formerly seen near there a fair hawk, which he was so desirous of possessing that he had XVI INTRODUC riON. laid a snare to catch it, and it was now his intention to go and see if it were caught. The English followers of the Earl of Gloucester jeered and laughed at this story, and the Earl himself told him that he was going upon a slender errand, as both the net and the bird too, if caught, would be rotten after being left there so long; but Jean persisted, and the Earl let him go, laughing at his supposed simplicity. “ Some,” says the story, “jeer at others, and become themselves the object of the ridicule.” (1. 2835). It may be remarked that this part of the romance is repeated almost literally in a story in some of the collections of the Gesta Romanorum (see Sir F. Madden’s edition of the early English version of the Gesta, p. 32); and both were therefore probably taken from a common source. Meanwhile, Blonde had been looking forward to the appointed day with great anxiety, and when she heard that the Earl of Gloucester was near at hand, and knew that the hour fixed for her meeting with Jean of Dammartin was approaching, she contrived to slip away from the crowd of relatives and friends who had assembled in the castle of Oxford, and, putting all her jewels into a casket, hurried with them secretly into the garden, and took her station under the pear-tree to await the arrival of her lover. After waiting some time, and giving vent to her anxiety and fears in poignant reflections, she was relieved from them by the appearance of Jean of Dammartin, and the two lovers gave way to a burst of mutual tenderness; but, as it was dangerous to lose time, Jean placed the lady on his palfrey which Robin held ready saddled and bridled, and all three left the garden and directed their flight towards the coast. Avoiding the high road, they proceeded by by-paths and through the w r oods, with all which Jean was well acquainted, and they Ravelled chiefly by night, reposing themselves during the day in the thick parts of the forests, where they were not likely to be observed. While they lay thus concealed, each day Robin repaired to the nearest town and procured oats for the horses, and cakes, white bread, and pasties of capons for the two lovers, and he brought them daily wine in two barrels which he carried with him. On his return with the provisions, they spread a napkin on the grass and took their meal under cover of the green branches of the trees ; and, when they had eaten enough, they took their solace amo¬ rously but chastely, and their enjoyment was heightened by the song of the thrush and the nightingale, and of the other birds of the forest. Robin INTRODUCTION. xvu kept watch that nobody might come upon them unawares in the place of their retreat. At nightfall they remounted their horses and continued their journey towards the sea-coast. To return now to the Earl of Gloucester; after Jean had left him, he proceeded direct to the castle, where the Earl of Oxford received him with great cordiality, and was led into the hall, where the tables w T ere already laid. The former, however, wished to see his intended wife without delay, and two knights were sent to announce to her the arrival of the bridegroom; but no one had seen her in the chambers, and, when two of the maidens were sent to seek her in the garderobes, she was not found there. The two earls imagined that she had concealed herself in order to perform her toilette without interruption, that she might appear in all her beauty, and began to talk of various matters, until it came into the Earl of Gloucester’s head to relate his adventures on the road. “ Sir Earl,” said he, “ there never was such a ‘ good fool ’ as a Frenchman who travelled with me to-day, and who made the most extraordinary remarks.” (1. 8090). He then repeated the conversation which had passed between him and Jean of Dammartin. Just as the Earl of Gloucester had finished his story, the two knights returned with the news that the Lady Blonde had disappeared. The Earl of Oxford, who was wiser and more experienced in the world than his guest, at once saw the secret meaning of all that the latter had been telling him, and imparted his suspicions that his travelling companion was Jean of Dammartin, his quondam squiie, who had come to carry off the damsel. The Earl of Gloucester listened to his explanations, and became equally convinced of the truth; and in his grief ar.d anger he declared that he would pursue the two lovers until he caught them, that he would hang Blonde's paramour, and that he would make the lady herself repent the indifference she had shown to his love. The whole household was immediately in a bustle; and, though the two earls took their seats at the table, it was merely for the sake of form, as neither of them had any longer an appetite for eating, nor could they sleep that night, especially the Earl of Gloucester, who debated over and over again in his mind the most horrible form of death he could inflict upon his rival when he had overtaken him. Before daybreak lie rose from his bed, washed himself hastily, and caused his knights to be roused from their slumbers. They quickly mounted their horses and began the pursuit, not CAM D SOC. C X VIII INTRODUCTION. less than a hundred in number, and all stout and fierce fighting-men. Blonde’s father remained at Oxford, for he, we are told, had a secret leaning towards Jean, and was by no means anxious that he should be caught; but the fair company of ladies who had been invited to the marriage festival went away disappointed, and no doubt in discontent. The Earl of Gloucester and his people rode night and day, hardly resting themselves, until they reached the coast, where they caused the ports to be watched in order to interrupt the fugitives. The Earl placed at each port four spies, who kept watch night and day, and who were armed with great axes with which they were to massacre Jean if he made any show of resistance. The Earl himself, in order not to make any demonstration of which in¬ formation might be carried to the lovers and excite their suspicion, took up his lodging very unostentatiously at Dover. Meanwhile the lovers continued their stealthy progress, until one night they came to “ a great ancient forest,” about a league from Dover, and took their lodgings there till the morrow. Jean of Dammartin called his faithful servant, and said to him, “ Fair friend Robin, you must go cautiously upon a secret message. I will make your face pale with a herb with which I am well acquainted, so that nobody shall be able to recognise you. You shall then go and talk with the shipman who is waiting for us, and tell him to make ready his ship and everything without delay, so that we may this night go on board a little before midnight, and cross the sea immediately. And also keep a look-out to discover if there be any one in wait to injure us. I fancy that, if the Earl could, we should have to pass through his hands; and it is possible that he has made such haste, that he has passed us on the way, for we have been long on the road in consequence of taking circuitous routes. Therefore I wish you to observe well if there be any obstacle in our way ; and, if you see any cause of alaian, endeavour to obtain for me armour for my body, and then return, and come back here at nightfall. And above all take great care to let nobody know your business, otherwise we shall meet with misfortune. If God assist us across the sea, I should care little for them all.” (11. 3473—3511.) Robin promised to obey all these directions, and Jean thereupon gathered in the wood a herb, the root of which he bruised with the pummel of his sword, and mixed it with water. With this he anointed Robin’s face, which became immediately so pale and wrinkled, that anybody who saw him INTRODUCTION. XIX would imagine that he was dying of fever. He made of the branch of an apple-tree a staff to support himself; and thus disguised he left the forest immediately after sunrise. Jean and Blonde remained in the wood, and spent the morning in seeking a pleasant spot, where they made a lodge of green branches and flowers, to protect them against the heat of the sun. They had still two pasties left, and, when their bower was finished, they withdrew into it to take their meal, and afterwards entertained one another in the wood as they had been accustomed to do. When Robin entered the town he met four knights, whom he immediately recognised as belonging to the company of the Earl of Gloucester, and he became at once convinced that they were on the look-out for his master. He accordingly assumed all the manner of an invalid, held down his head, supported himself on his staff, and went along slowly as though he were hardly able to walk. At length he had passed through the town and reached the port, when he saw in a turn of the shore the Earl and his men in arms, whom he was obliged to pass before he could reach the place where the shipmen were. Robin now limped very much with one foot, opened one eye, and blinked with the other, and stooped much. As he approached the Eaid he said, “ God save you,” in a voice which seemed to be uttered with difficulty. “ Six',” he continued “ I have languished thirty years with a quotidian, and now I have a double tertian. I am a poor man of Finance, without a penny or a farthing to enable me to return to my countiy, and I shall die here in misery unless you, for God’s sake, give me some money.” His story was easily believed, and the Earl gave him twelve shillings, and each of the knights six silver pennies. Robin thus gained forty sols, and with this money, still acting the same part, he went to the shipman who was waiting for Jean of Dammartin, and offered to hire his ship. The shipman, in reply, told him of his engagement, but promised to be at his seiwice in case the person who had engaged him should not return at the appointed time. Robin, finding that he was trustworthy, now explained to the shipman the whole affair; how he had come to him in this disguise to tell him that his master was watched by his enemies ; that he proposed to come to him about midnight with a damsel who accompanied him; and that he would reward him bountifully if he succeeded in carrying them over to France. The shipman, rejoiced at the prospect of gain, took Robin into his ship. XX INTRODUCTION. and showed him how well it was furnished, as well with arms as with provisions. He selected the armour which he wanted, and it was arranged that lie should remain on board till night, when he might return to the wood with less danger of discovery. Good eating and drinking he had on board the rest of the day, and the sailors pointed out to their guest the spot which the Earl of Gloucester and his people occupied in the town, near enough to hear a shout from the beach. They told him further that at night the Earl retired to a place about a league from the towm, but that he left four watchmen, well armed, at the port to keep a look-out until his return in the morning. He had employed people to watch at the other port towns; and, said the shipman of Jean of Dammartin, “he came to me and inquired why I remained here so long. 1 replied it was for a squire, who keeps me longer waiting than I expected ; but he paid me very fair, and begged me not to return without him. Since they heard this the watchmen never quit me, but, to my great annoyance, they lie so near me every night that no one can come here -without their knowledge. And they utter violent threats against somebody, I know not who, but I believe, from what I understand, that it is Jean they threaten, and I have great fear for him lest they do him some harm. He cannot come here without encountering them, and they are brutal and cruel; and, moreover, each carries a horn hung to his neck, and as soon as the Earl hears him blow it, he will hasten hither, and if he comes there will be great danger for Jean if he come, for he is as good as dead if he fall into the Earl’s hands. But, if God preserve me from hindrance, the money is not lost which he so courteously bestowed upon me ; it shall be earned on this occasion. When the night comes I shall be able to hold the spies in talk while you slip away from us. You will tell Jean that if he comes here to-night he will not find my body void of armour ; assure him that I will not fail him. If we have only to deal with the four, we shall easily lower their pride.” (11. 3769—3807 .) At night, as the shipman told him, the Earl and his people departed, leaving the four spies, who took up their post at no great distance from the ship, and the former repaired to them with a barrel of Rhenish wine, and thus amused them with drinking while Robin departed unobserved, carrying with him armour for his master. When the shipman was assured of his escape, he took his leave of the spies, returned to his ship, ordered his men, twenty stout young fellows, to arm themselves and defend the ship resolutely against anybody INTRODUCTION. XXI who should attack it, as he was going to assist a gentleman who was in great need of him. Robin meanwhile reached the wood in safety, though much incommoded by the weight of his burden, and told Robin all that he had seen and heard. Blonde was greatly alarmed, and very anxious for the safety of her lover, but Jean consoled her, and then, with her assistance, he put on the armour which Robin had brought. The process of arming is described in some detail. The horses were then brought, on one of which Jean placed his lady, and he mounted the other himself. A clear moon¬ light enabled them to find their way without difficulty; but they had no sooner reached the strand than the four spies sprang forward, and one of them seized Blonde’s horse by the bridle, but Jean clave his head with a terrible blow of his sword. The other three spies immediately set upon him, but he soon relieved himself of two, and the third, after losing one arm, fled, but he blew his horn with so much vigour that the Earl of Gloucester heard it in his distant hostel, and, calling his men to arms, hastened to the port. The shipman was also roused by the horn, and, leaving his ship, overtook the spy, and struck him down dead with a gisarm. Robin had meanwhile dispatched one of the spies who remained alive, and the other, who also blew his horn and attempted to escape, was overtaken and slain by Jean of Dammartin. The shipman, having returned from the pursuit, would have conveyed Jean and his party on board the ship, but before they could reach it they were overtaken by the Earl of Gloucester, who came on a swift horse with all his men in arms. A new battle now began, which is told in the usual manner of the old romances, and in which the brave shipman acted his part well. The Earl, who dashed forward rashly before his men, was un¬ horsed by Jean, and lay on the sand dangerously wounded. His followers, however, now came up, in number not less than a hundred, and while twenty carried away their wounded lord in one direction, another twenty seized upon Blonde and were leading her forcibly towards the town, and the rest encountered Jean and the shipman, who it may well be sup¬ posed had enough to do to hold their ground against such overwhelming numbers. They fought bravely, however, and made great havoc among their opponents. While they were thus engaged Jean heard the cries of his mistress, and hurried to her assistance. Fortunately he had mounted the Earl’s swift horse Morel, so that he soon overtook the party into whose xxu INTRODUCTION. hands she had fallen, and he had already rescued her, and put to flight those who remained in a condition to fly, when the shipman and his faithful Robin came to his assistance. They now made their way together towards the ship, still pursued closely by the Earl’s men, and they had to fight hard and suffer much before they got on board, although the sailors came out to help them. No sooner were they safe in the ship, than Blonde disarmed her lover, and examined his wounds, none of which proved to be dangerous. Robin also was wounded, and he had laboured so much that, when dis¬ armed, he looked paler even than the artificial paleness caused by his master’s herbs. The Earl of Gloucester was equally enraged and mortified when he found that he had lost his prey ; he caused the bodies of his slaugh¬ tered men to he gathered together and buried, sent for a skilful doctor to attend to his own wounds, and as soon as he could returned home. The two lovers, after a favourable voyage, landed at Boulogne, where they took up their lodging in the best hostel in the town, and Jean also sent for a doctor, who placed such excellent plasters upon his wounds that they were cured in four days. Jean dismissed the shipman with warm professions of gratitude, promising to send him speedily a more substantial reward, and proceeded next morning on their journey. That night they lodged at Hesdin, “ a fair castle in Artois; ” the next day they proceeded as far as Corbie ; the day following they slept at Clermont; and on the fourth day Robin was sent forward to Dammartin to announce their approach, which was welcome news to Jean’s two sisters. They caused the house to be swept, and to be cleaned above and below; invited all their kindred to come and meet Jean, and sent to Paris for his three brothers, who were then with the king. Provisions were brought in in abundance, and plenty of employment was given to the cooks. As evening and the arrival of Jean and Blonde approached all the townspeople, to the number of more than three thousand, issued forth to meet and welcome the wanderers. More than twenty knights offered their arms to assist Blonde from her horse, and she was received in the most affectionate manner by the two ladies who were soon to be her sisters-in-law. They led Blonde into a chamber to change her dress, and then returned with her into the hall, where the knights and other retainers were talking in admiration of her beauty: supper was soon served, and the evening passed away very joyously. The next morning the three brothers arrived from Paris, and were no INTRODUCTION. XX1XI less satisfied with Jean’s choice of a bride. Meanwhile preparations were made for the nuptial ceremonies. Although so little notice had been given, at least thirty minstrels, a hundred knights, and two hundred fair ladies, came to the feast. When Blonde was dressed for her wedding she had a cote, or gown, of cloth of gold, which fitted well, and a mantle about her neck the tassels of which were worth fourteen marks. Her beautiful hair was elaborately dressed, and hung down to her girdle. A chaplet of fine gold held her hair together. It had a clasp before on the forehead, one of those she brought with her, than which the King did not possess a richer. She had an aumosniere at her girdle, unequalled in beauty, for it was worked in gold and precious stones, with pearls as large as peas. “ It took more than a month to make it, and I reckon its value at more than a hundred livres.” After the marriage service had been performed, the knights con¬ ducted the bride to the hall, where a sumptuous dinner was served, and after it there was a great display of minstrelsy. This was followed in the evening by supper and dancing. Next day there was a grand dinner again, after which the guests took their leave. When Jean had passed eight days with his bride, he announced his inten¬ tion of repairing to Paris to the court, to ask King Louis to send to England to the Earl of Oxford in order to mediate a reconciliation ; and also to beg the King to pay him a visit at Dammartin. Louis received him with great favour, told him that he had already heard the story of his adventures, and not only granted all his requests, but gave him the town of Dammartin, of which he made him Earl, with Pailli and Montmelian. Jean was so overjoyed that he fell on his knees before the King, and would have kissed his shoes, but Louis raised him from the ground, and, having taken his homage for the lands he had just conferred upon him, and sent two knights with a letter to England, retained him to supper. That evening Jean served the King at table, and after supper they went to seek pastime on the river Seine, in the course of which Jean had opportunities of conversing with the two knights, Guy and Guillaume, who were to carry the King’s letter to his father-in-law, the Earl of Oxford. Next morning Jean and his companions accompanied the two messengers as far as Lusarche, whence he sent Robin forward with a present for the shipman to whose fidelity he owed his escape from England. He returned himself to Dammartin, to tell his wife of the success of his visit to court, and to take possession of his new territories. XXIV INTRODUCTION. Great preparations were now made for the feast at Pentecost, when King Louis was to honour Dammartin with his presence. Jean “ sent to kindred and cousins, and likewise to all his neighbours, that at Pentecost, without fail, they should come to him to do him honour, and with them their daughters and wives. lie has invited so many knights and ladies that when they shall be all come there will be great joy and great noise. Next Jean has provided, as he would not be disappointed, those who shall serve at his feast: he prepares his cooks, his butlers, his fouriers [foragers], and his panetiers [men who attended to the bread]. . . . Before Pentecost arrives the country had made him many a present; some sent him fat oxen, others pigs—he had great contributions from many parts—and of poultry and game he provided so much that he had abundance.” (11. 5166—5187.) Meanwhile Robin and the two messengers had arrived at Boulogne, where they lodged in the same hostel which had been occupied by Jean and Blonde. The shipman was easily found; he was rejoiced to see Robin again, and he agreed to carry the two knights across the sea. These took their leave of Robin next morning, and, while he returned to Dammartin, they reached Dover, and agreed with the shipman that he should await their return. They rode on to London, remained one night in the English capital, and next day continued their route to Oxford. On entering that town, they met with a burgher who could “ talk French very beautifully,” and they asked him if the Earl was in his castle. Fie replied in the affirma¬ tive, and they then proceeded to the fortress, and were duly introduced to the Earl of Oxford. “ Messire Guillaume” acted as spokesman, and deli¬ vered the message and the letter of the King of France. The Earl was very willing to be appeased ; “ Since my daughter is married,” he said, “ it would be a barbarous thing to separate her” from her husband ; and he pro¬ mised to proceed to France, and be present at the feast of Pentecost. Fie further showed his satisfaction by sending to the messengers in their chamber handsome presents, two marvelously rich hanaps, and robes of scarlet gar¬ nished with expensive furs. They dressed themselves in these, and returned to the hall to take their seats at dinner. During three days they enjoyed the Earl’s hospitality, and were then allowed to return. Meanwhile the Earl of Oxford made great preparations for his departure; he appointed thirty knights to accompany him, and took fourscore riding and baggage horses, the latter laden with money, rich clothes, and other articles. As he did INTRODUCTION. XXV not know how long he might stay away, he appointed guardians to defend his lands against all hostile attacks. “ One morning he set out from Oxford, with his thirty knights and more than sixty esquires: they did not ride like low people. All the knights had bridles and saddles of the same fashion. They had cloaks also of the same suit, made of camelin (a sort of brown stuff), to protect them against the dust. It seemed like as if they were going to a feast, for as they rode they turned back to one ano¬ ther, and some told good stories, and others sung songs.” [11. 5433—5444.] At length they had passed mountains and valleys, until they came to the sea-shore, where the Earl of Oxford hired a large ship, in which the whole company embarked with horses and baggage. They appear to have overtaken the two King’s messengers, and they arrived with them at Boulogne. They had also taken with them half-a-dozen minstrels, who helped them to pass merrily their evening in that town. Next morning, having placed the shipman (the same who had served Jean of Dam- martin so faithfully) on a horse, they all proceeded together, and in due time reached Dammaitin, where they were received into the castle. Jean and Blonde were just returning from mass, when they saw’ the Earl, and there was great rejoicing between them. It is hardly necessary to say that the young folks begged their father’s pardon, and that it was given very easily. No small share of welcome, too, was reserved for the shipman, who had per¬ formed so many services. The joy caused by these events soon spread itself through the town, which was in a very short time decked out with all the outward signs of rejoicing, the streets being hung with tapestry, and the inhabitants dressed in their best clothes. Next day the company began to arrive from all quarters to be present at the feast, and Jean well mounted, with his lady on a fair palfrey, went forth to meet and receive the King of France and his company. Soon afterwards the Queen came, with a brilliant troop of maidens, filling twenty chariots. When they had all met, the Earl of Oxford was presented to the King, and the formality of reconciliation was gone through again. They then all returned together to Dammartin, and with the townspeople who had come out to meet them there were about ten thousand people collected together, who entered the town to the sound of innumerable instruments of music. The town and castle of Dammartin were well filled that night. “ The ladies went into the chambers and gard- robes to change their dresses ; and the knights into the palace. The dinner, d CAMD. SOC. XXV) INTRODUCTION. which was no poor one, was laid out in the pavillions. Then there was no longer waiting; the trumpets sounded to the water [for washing], and the k nights assembled there. There was the King in the pavilions holding Blonde by the linger, and the Queen held the Earl. After them came without number knights, ladies, and maidens, priests, clerks, burghers, and damsels. The King took the Earl to the washing ; that was no grievance to him, for he was worthy of no less honour. After them the ladies and knights washed their hands. The King made the Earl sit at his table, and Blonde beside him. The Queen graciously called [to her table] those who pleased her most. After them people sat down in common to a dinner such as I never saw another. Then the dishes were brought: there were more than twelve pair, I will say no more of them. Jean and his brothers served; they gave their services everywhere, and took care that nobody wanted anything. They continued thus till the table-cloths were withdrawn, and they had washed their hands. Then when they had washed, the minstrels began to play ; and in the meanwhile Jean, preparatory to being made a knight, went to bathe in a little water; and his brothers and others followed, all who were going to be made knights, as it pleased the King and the Earl; they were twenty-four in number.” [11. 5846—5887.] The various ceremonies which were customary in confer¬ ring knighthood occupied that night and the following morning, and are nar¬ rated with some minuteness. They were followed by another great feast, accompanied by abundance of minstrelsy and the other amusements common on such occasions. Next day most of the guests departed, but the King and Queen remained at Dammartin four days, which were spent in hunting and hawking. The Earl of Oxford rose high in Louis's favour, and he was so pleased with everything he saw around him, that he declared his resolu¬ tion to live the rest of his days with his daughter and her husband, and to be with them always, w r hether in France or in England. This, as might be supposed, was joyful news to the lady Blonde. On the morning of the fifth day the King took his leave, and proceeded to hold his court at Corbeil, Jean of Dammartin did not think his own happiness enough unless he provided also for that of his friends. At the end of the year he married his two sisters, the elder to the Count of St. Pol, and the younger to the count’s brother. He was equally attentive to the welfare of those who had rendered him such important services, for about the same time Robin and INTRODUCTION. XXVII the shipman obtained the hands of two rich il bourgeoises ” of the town of Dammartin, and Jean not only gave them lands in addition to those they received with their wives, but he made them masters of his hostel, in order to retain them near his person. The fair Blonde in course of time presented her husband with four children, who, we are assured, were “ the most beautiful in the world.” When this happy couple had lived together four years they accompanied their father into England to visit Oxford and the Earl’s territories. The Earl of Oxford lived ten years after his daughter’s marriage, and then Jean became Earl of Oxford as well as Count of Dammartin—honours which he survived to enjoy during thirty years. Such is the substance of the romance of Blonde of Oxford, to the text- of which the reader is now introduced. THE ROMANCE OF BLONDE OF OXFORD AND JFHAN OF DAMMARTIN. Je retrai qu’il avient a maint 1 Qui honeur cace honeur ataint; Et ki a peu bee a peu vient. De ce retraire me souvient Pour aucune gens si pereceuse Qu’au mont ne sevent fors d’oiseuse, Ne ne beent a monter point N’aus alever de povre point. Tex hom demeure a son hostel Qui a grant paines a du sel, 10 Qui, s J il aloit en autre tere, II sauroit asses pour aquerre H onneur et amis et richece; Et ki ce pert, par sa pereee, II en doit estre mains prisies Et des preudommes desprisies. Vous aves maint homme veu, S’il ne se fuissent esmeu Hors de leur lieu, que ja ne fuissent Si honere, ne tant n’eussent 20 CAMD. SOC. B 2 THE ROMANCE OF BLONDE OF OXFORD De sens, de richesse, d’avoir; Car cascuns monstre son savoir Miex en autre pais qu’el sien, Et plus tost en vient a grant bien. Quant povres jentiex hom demeure En son pais une seule heure. On li devroit les iex crever; Car il ne fait fors que grever Lui et tous ses parens, qui Paiment; Et li autre caitif le claiment, 30 Et eskievent sa compaignie. Li homm, qui demeure en tel vie, Est d’oneur aquerre perecheus Et chaitis et maleureus •, Ou pour s’ame sauver se rende, Oua honeur conquerre entende. S’il dist, ce Je ne sai u aler,” De 90U le doit-on mout blasmer. Car cascun jor ot-on retraire C^on a de bone gens afaire 40 Outre mer ou en le Mouree, Ou en mainte estrange contree. Et cist dont je ce conte fas Si preceus estre ne vost pas, Ains ala en estrange terre Pour preu et pour honnour conquerre, Honeur cacha, a honeur vint; Or vous dirai comment c’avint. II ot un chevalier en France, Qui ot este de grant vaillance 50 AND JEIIAN OF DAMMARTIN. Tant comme il les armes maintint; Mais par aage ki li vint Fu a son hostel demoures, De ses voisins fu honeres Por le bon ostel qu’il tenoit. Mout bonne dame a fame avoit, Dont il eut enfans dusk’a .vi., .ij. filles et .iiij. fix vis. Tere avoit bien .v c . livrees, Se toutes fuissent delivrees De detes et d’assenemens. En sa joneche a fait despens Pour les tournois kfil maintenoit, Dont or volentiers s^aquitoit. Sa tere estoit a Dant-Martin ; Illuec estoit soir et matin, Ses ainsnes fiex ot non Jehans, Sages, courtois et biaus et grans, Son eage a .xx. ans puis prendre. Cil Jehans vaut a honour tendre : Sa mere que envillir * voit Et son pere qui mout devoit; Ses sereurs, ses freres aussi, Voit que tuit sont avocques li. Un jour pensa que son tans pert: Asses ert ki son pere sert Sans lui; si li vint entalent. Com cil qui n’eut pas le cuer lent, * Perhaps enviellir. THE ROMANCE OF BLONDE OF OXFORD Qu’il s’en iroit en Engletere. Ne veut pas despendre la tere, Que ses peres tient, folement, Ains conquerra, s’il puet, plus grant. Ainsi comme il pensa le fist. A son pere et a sa mere dist L’emprise que il voloit faire. Onques ne Fen porent retraire Pour riens qu’il li seussent dire, Dont il eurent al cuer grant ire. Jehans a tant son oirre atorne Il li samble que trop sejorne, .j. cheval, sans plus, bien portant Et •xx. pri* tant seulement, Et .j. garjon qui le sivra ; Tant, sans plus, mener en volra. S’il volsist plus eust asses, Mais il dist que trop est d’asses. Puis a parle a ses amis Et a a aus tous congie pris; Ses freres, ses sereurs baissa, Qui il pour lui plourant laissa. Atant s’en part o son varlet, Que on apeloit Robinet. Sa mere et son pere a laissies Plourant et de courous plaissies ; Et il de son pais s’eslonge, Com cil qui le repos ne songe. Sic ; perhaps we ought to read et xx. sols pri. AND JEHAN OF DAMMARTIN. Ne fina ains vint a Bouloigne; Illuec pourcacha sa besoigne Tant que il eut quis .j. vaissel Sur coi il passa le ruissel. En une nef as marceans Arriva au Douvre. Jehans C’une nuit nh vaut sejorner, Ains fu montes a Pajourner. Vers Londres son chemin akeut Car c’est la vile u aler veut. Un jour, si comme il ceminoit, Ataint un conte ki venoit De besoigner de vers la mer Et devoit a Londres aler, Ou ert d’Engles li parlemens. A sa maisnie enquist Jehans Qui il ert, et il li conterent: La verite n J i oublierent, Glue c’ert li quens du Senefort, D’un riche castel bel et fort. Et quant Jehans l’a entendu, A lui vient, plus n’a atendu : En son fran^is Pa salue, Et li quens n’i a delu£, Qui le fran 5 ois seut bien entendre, En France eut este pour aprendre Ains le bienviegne et li enquiert Quant il de France partis si ert, Et quel besoigne est venus querre, Por coi il parti de sa terre. THE ROMANCE OF BLONDE OF OXFORD Jehans li dist: “ Sires, pour voir, De moi vous conterai le voir: “ Je sui un povre jentiex horn “ Qui n’a nul maistre se Diu non. “ Si passai la mer pour savoir “ Se je poroie un maistre avoir “ Qui le mien service apreist, “ Et ki selonc 50U me feist “ Que il verroit en mon servise.” “ —Par foi ce vous vient de franchise, “ Fait li quens, que maistre queres ! “ Se il vous plaist a moi seres Mes escuiers de mon hostel. “ —Grans mercis, sire, ne voel el. “ Mout me faites grant courtoisie “ Qui me retenes de maisnie. “ —Comment av£s non biaus amis ? ce —Sire, Jehans me fu nons mis. “ —Jelran, dist li quens, amis ciers, “ Je vous retieng mout volentiers “ Des maintenant comme escuier.” Jehans l’en prist a merciier. Ensi fu Jehans retenus, Et il s’est si biau maintenus Qn’ an 9 ois que a Londres venissent Tuit si compaignon le chierissent. A Londres vinrent .j. mardi; .j. hostel bel et bien garni Eurent, u li quens sejorna Tant ke li Parlemens dura. AND JEIIAN OF DAMMARTIN. 7 Li quens menga avoec le roi, Et Jehans servi devant soi, Qui mout bel acointier se sot, Ne se fist pas tenir pour sot. 170 De servir devant grant segnour Ne trouvast-on servant millor, Plus courtois ne plus avenant, N’en toutes coses plus servant. Quant li Parlemens departis Fu, si s’en est li quens partis Pour aler vers Osenefort, A grant joie et a grant deport. Cevaucierent tant qufil i vinrent, Duskes la petit sejor tinrent. 180 La contesse bel les requt, Qui son segnour ama et crut. Et li quens si li a conte Li sens, la valour, la bonte De Jehan, son servant nouvel. La dame Pot, mout l’en est bel, Et dist: “ Sire, se il est tex “ Que vout dites, si m’ait Dex, £C Requerre et priier vous vaurroie “ Qu ? a votre fille et la moie “ Le meissies pour li servir, 190 u Se il li venoit a plaisir. u Car nous dui n'avons plus d’enfans “ Et s^est desoremais bien tans “ Qu’ele ait o li un escuier “ Qui sache devant li trencbier. 8 TIIE ROMANCE OF BLONDE OF OXFORD “ — Certes, dame, respont li quens, “ Cis consax me sanle mout boens, “ Se il li plaist qu’il i voelle estre “ Miex m’en embelira son estre, u Et je le saurai en peu d’eure.” Dont apele, sans demeure, Jehan, qui n’estoit mie loing, Car il n^avoit pense ne soing Fors a son signor pres sivir Pour sa volente poursievir. Quant il Pot cele part ala. Et li quens adont l’aparla De 90 U qu’il orent devise. “ Jehan, dist-il, entr’ avise ce Nous sommes, la contesse et moi, “ Que, s’il vous plaist, priier vous doi “ Que vous a ma fille soiies. “ Et sachies, se vous emploiies “ Votre sens enli bien servir <£ Mon gre en pories desservir, <£ Ensement la gre la contesse. (C Mais or n^aiies al cuer destrece “ De faire 90U que je vous di, “ Car pour vostre preu la vous pri. u — Sire, Jehans a respondu, “ Vostre gre ai bien entendu ; “ De faire vostre volente “ Ves-moi prest et entalente; u Et mout me plaist, et bien me haite “ Que mout grant honeur m’aves faite 200 210 220 AND JEIiAN OF DAMMARTIN. “ Sans plus de la requeste faire. “ Or me doinst Dix service faire “ De coi je puisse avoir vos gres.’^ Dist la dame : a Bien dit aves.” Et li quens forment Ten mercie, Et de li bien servir li prie. Puis Pont mene devant leur fille, Qui nature mie iPa ville, Et li dient qu’a escuier Li voelent ce fran^is baillier. La damoisele bien l’ottroie Et mout en a au cuer grant joie. Or a Jehans en itel guise Cangie son premerain servise. A tant furent les tables mises Et dessus les hestols assises ; Si s’assist li quens premerains Et puis li autre qui ains ains. Et Jehans servi de trencier Sa damoisele au cors legier. La damoisele ot anon Blonde, Ce fu bien drois qu’en tout le monde Ne porta fame si bel chief. Or ne vous soit d’escouter grief Se je de li un poi paroil. II samble que tout si chevoil Soient de fin or reluisant, Et si lone sont, qu’en deduisant, Li vont .ii. tours entor la teste. Bien devroient mener grant feste CAMD. SOC. 10 THE ROMANCE OF BLONDE OF OXFORD Les oreilles qui ce soustienent! Si font-eles, qu’eles se tienent De li servir apparillies, Belles et blances et delies. A pres de son front vous renonce Qu’il est blans, onis et sans fronce. Desous le front sont si sorcil Brunet et estroit et soutil. D’entre les sorcix, a compas, Muet ses nes, tropbaut ne trop bas. N^est par camuse ne bekue De che Pa ses nes desfendue ; Par entre ses biaus ex descent Dusk’a son droit avenanment. Et de ses iex que vous diroie ? Trop de mon tans i meteroie Se tout voloie deviser Qou que on i puet aviser. II sont vair et cler et luisant Et plain d’un regart atraiant, Si soutil et si engigneus Qu’il n’est nus, tant fust malineus, Santes ne li fust revenue S’il apercevoit sa veue. A pres tex ex avoit la fache, Qui sa biaute mie n^esface, Plus vermelle que nule rose; Et en sa vermillece close Avoit une couleur plus blance Que n’est la noif deseur la brance, 260 270 280 AND JEIIAN OF DAMMARTIN. Quant ele est nouvele cheue. Si soutilment entr’ abatue S’est Pune couleurs dedens Pautre Q’on ne set de Pune a Pautre La quele a la millour partie A ingalment Dix departie,* La face al blanc et al vermeil. De sa bouce me resmerveil, Se Dix meismes ne la fist^ Comment nature s’entremist De nule tel cose pourtraire. Mout fu sages qui la sot faire, Car ele est petite a compas. Ses deux levretes ne sunt pas Tenuenes, mais par raison grossetes Et plus que graine vermilletes. Quant ele les oevre .j. petit Au mengie, u quant ele rit, U quant il li plaist a parler, Si puet on par mi esgarder Uns petis dens qui s’entretienent Et si d’un acort s’entremenent Que li uns Pautre point ne passe, Et la coulors d’aus argent passe. Quant ele dist aucune cose Par quoi la bouchete est desclose, De s’alaine ist si douce odeur Que de bosme ne vient grigneur. II 290 300 310 * MS. a ingalment a Dix departie. 12 THE ROMANCE OF BLONDE OF OXFORD Jamais nul courous cil n’auroit dui une fois la baiseroit. Desous sa bouce a un menton, Onques si bel ne vit nus hom, Un peu fourcie et est plus blans due li solaus en este tans. 320 Gorge ot bele etbien agensie, due Dix meismes l’ot taillie, Tenre et blance, longue^ grassete Ains mais ne fu tel gorge faite. Ne quidies que vaine ne os I perent, ja n’erent si os. dui de bien pres l’esgarderoit, duant ele vin rouge buvroit On li verroit bien avaler, Et par mi la gorge couler. 330 Le col dusk’a chevex derriere A tout d’aussi faite maniere Comme sa gorge par devant. De son cors mie ne me vant due tout le puisse deviser; Mais 50 U que j’en puis aviser Vous retrairai-ge volentiers; Car nus ne doit estre laniers De loer bone femme et bele. Li bras de cele damoisele 340 Estoient lone et bien assis; Si beles mains comme a devis Avoit, et mervelles biaus dois Longues et delies et drois. AND JEHAN OF DAM MARTIN. 13 Graille ert par costes et par flans, Vous l’enclosissies en .ij. gans. Plus largete ert parmi le pis, N’en valoit pas sa biaute pis. Des mameletes qui li poignent La cote un petit li aloignent, Dont ele li est miex seans, Duretes furent de printans. Longue fu et droite et greslete De pies et de gambes bien faite. Ne fu trop crasse ne trop maigre,* Ne de folement parler aigre; Que .xviij. ans n’avoit d’age. Un peu parroit a son langage Glue ne fu pas nee a Pontoise. Si fu sage simple et courtoise, Que nus qui au main la veist Le jour puis ne li meskeist Se ne fust sans plus perpensee, Tel vertu li ot Dix donee. A tel maistre est Jehans remes. Or se gart qu’il n’en ait grietes Certesje cuicf que nonfera. Ja si bien ne s’i gardera Qu’il n’en ait ass£s a souftrir Tant com ses cuers pora soufFrir. * MS. “ Ne fu grop crasse ne trop mayre\” but rhyme require the two corrections that we have made, f MS. tuic. 350 360 370 the sense and the 14 THE ROMANCE OF BLONDE OF OXFORD Tant et plus bele que ne conte Fu Blonde, la fille le conte. Au mengar siet: Jehans la sert, Qui le cors a gent et apert. Mout se paine de biau servir Pour le gre de tous desservir.* Ne sert par sa dame sans plus, Mais cha et la et sus et jus, Chevalier, dames, escuiers, Valles, gar 9 ons et messagiers, 380 Et cascun veut faire son gre ; Ainsi conquiert de tous le gre. II set mout bien espiier l’eure Qu’il chascun serve et honeure; En tel point queja pis servie N’en ert Blonde la bien taillie. Apres manger lavent j* leurs mains, Puis s’en vont juer, qui ains ains, Ou en fores ou en rivieres, Ou en deduis d’autres manieres. 390 Jehans au quel que il veut va Et quant il revent souvent va Jouer es chambres la contesse, O les dames, qui en destrece Le tienent d’aprendre franjois. Et il fait et dist com courtois Quanqu’eles li voelent priier, Com cil qui bien s’en seut aidier. * MS. dessevir. t MS. levent. AND JEHAN OF DAMMARTIN. 15 Dejus de cambres seut asses, D’esches, de tables et de des, 400 Dont il sa damoisele esbat, Souvent li dist eschek et mat. De maint jeu a juer l’aprist, Et en milleur fran 9 ois le mist Qu’ele n’estoit quant a li vint. Par quoi ele mout chier le tint. Car il met son pooir de faire Quanqu’il cuide qu’il li puist plaire. .1. peu de tans fu mout a aise, Qu’avis li est c’a chascun plaise 410 £ou qu’il fait, qu’il dist et qu’il veut. Mais pour 90U pas en lui ne keut Desdaing, orguel, il n’en a cure; Mais en mix servir met sa cure, Si neis as envieus,* Qui sont felon et anieus, Tolt-il par son sens le parler, due il ne le puissent blasmer. Se lontans tel vie menast Ses afaires mout bien alast; 420 Mais amours li mua son siege, Plus court le tint que leu a piege, Onques n’en souffri tant Tristans Comme il fist en un peu de tans. Un jour t seoit Blonde au mengier, Jehans dut devant li trenchier * Sic, the verse is incomplete. t MS- Ujur. 16 THE ROMANCE OF BLONDE OF OXFORD Comme il avoit en acoustume. Mais tex cuide salir qui tume :* Par aventure sa veue Jete a celi qu’il ot veue Passe ot .xviij. semaines; Mais onques mais a si grant paines Ses ex arriere ne saca, C7a par force a li les sacha La grant biaute sa damoisele. Tant entendi a tel querele Que le trenchier en oublia Si longuement qu’ele li a Dit: “ Jehan trenchies, vous penses.” A dont s’est Jehans repenses, Si trence, et fu mout abaubis Des mos qu’ele li avoit dis ; Car onques mais deservement Ne li convint faire commant. Si se mervelle dont ce vint C^orendroit ensi li avint. Ses ex puis ce mot reposa, Que plus regarder ne l’osa Tant comme dura cis mengiers. Si Fesgardast il volentiers Plus que il ne fist onques mais, Car il est de Fare d’amours trais Caus est en tel d^sirier Dont il eut maint grant encombrier. 430 440 450 * Sic, instead of qui tumbe. AND JEIIAN OF DAMMARTIN. Cel jour puis ne la regarda, Dusk^a lendemain s’en garda Qu’ele fu au disner assise. Adonc r’a Jehans paine mise A li servir si corame il seut Mais li desirs, dont il se deut, Li fait jeter les ex a cele Dont il esprent de l’estincele. Si ententivment le regarde Que de riens ne se donne garde Fors sans plus de li esgarder. La seut-il son sens mal garder. Car par cel fol regardement Dut morir sans recouvrement. Du regart en tel penser vint Que de trencier ne li souvint. Blonde, qui si le voit penser, De el penser le veut tenser ; Si li dist que il pense tost, Mais il ne Pentent par si tost. Puis li redist: “ Jehan, trenchies ! u Dormes-vous chi, ou vous songies ? “ S’il vous plaist, dones m’a mengier; “ Ne ne wellies or plus songier.” A cel mot Jehans Pentenai; S’est tressalis tout autressi Com cil qui en soursaut s’esveille. De s’aventure s’esmerveille. Tous abaubis tint son coutel, Et quida trenchier bien et bel; CAMD. SOC. D 18 THE ROMANCE OF BLONDE OF OXFORD Mais de penser est si destrois Que il s’est trencies en .ij. dois; Li sans en saut et il se lieve. Blonde le voit forment li grieve. Jehans, a un autre escuier, Fist devant sa dame trencliier, Puis s’en est en la chambre ales De son premier sens tresales. D’un cuevrecief ses dois lia Une damoisele qui a Courous de 90U qu’il est blecies, A tant s^est sur un lit coucies R’aler n’ose la ou on sert. Blonde, pour che qu’il ainsi pert Tout son sens et sa contenance, Mout a le cuer en grant balance. Or a Jebans d’amours .j. saing, Ce fu son premerain gaaing. Sur .j. lit se prent a complaindre D’amours qui li fait couleur taindre. “ A las, dist-il, dont puet venir “ Che que je ne me puis tenir “ En mon sens si com je soloie ? “ Or voi-ge bien que je foloie te Quant par .ij. fois m’a ja repris “ Ma dame, par qui je sui pris. “ Et Dix ! ai-ge son malvais gre “ Quant je ne le servi a gre ? (C Je quic c J oil. A moi que monte “ Que mes cuers mes iex a ce donte. 490 500 510 AND JEHAN OF DAM MARTIN. 19 “ Que il ne se poeent garder “ De li folement esgarder. “ Et n’est-ele pas ma pareille, “ Est-che amours qui me dourdelle ? “ Amours ? nenil. Ains est haine “ Dont mi oel m’ont donne estrine. 520 “ Mi oel donques sui-ge trais te Quant de ciaus sui envais “ Qui me deussent foi porter, “ De trai'son les puis reter, “ Car trai m’ont si soutilment “ Que j’en arai le mort briement. “ Car en tel liu ai mis mon cuer “ Que ja pour morir, a nul fuer, " N’en jehirai mot de ma bouce “ Ainsin sui navres d’une escouche 530 “ Qui bien est avoec mi contraire u Car si me ses m’entouche atraire Qu’ele m’ocist, et si me plaist, “ Ne ne voel que jamais me laist. “ Mix aim morir que repentir “ Des max qu’il me convient sentir. Puis s^entrebaisent, par acort, En bouce, en front, en nes, en vis ; Puis se sont sur les jons assis. •j. blanc doublier, d’uevre menue, Ont sur le muguet estendue, En leur cies eurent capiax vers. Jehans a les pastes ouvers, A mengier a s^amie offert; Ele mengue et il la sert; Mais pour ce a mengier point ne lesse. Si sont lour dui cuer d’une laisse Qu’ele ne veut rienx qu’il ne voelle, N^ele ne veut dont il se duelle. Leurs disners entrelardes fu De che qui plus plaisant leur fu, Che fu de baisiers saverous ; Mout leur estoit tex mestiers dous. D’amours parolent ambedoi; Et si cheval, aval les boi, Paissent et empastur^ sont. Quant li dui amant mengie ont Des pastes et del vin beu, Dont asses avoient £u 3550 3560 124 AND JEHAN OF DAMMARTIN. II ont leur doublier ploiie.* Apres 5011 se sont avoiie D’aler jouant parmi le bos, Oir le chant des roussignos, Entour les cors, tout main a main. Se ge pensoie hui et demain. Dire ne conter ne saroie Le grant deduit ne le grant joie C’amour a faire leur ensaigne. N’a mie bon cuer qui desdaigne Amours, pour comment qu’on en ait. Car des mans tel guerredon fait As fins amans, qui bien se tienent, Qu’en la fin a tel joie en vienent, Et de tel soulas sont si lie due tout anui sont oubliie. Bien i parut a ices deus, Qui es fores se tienent seus.f Et si leur plaist tant ce kfil ont Que de riens couvoitise n ? ont Fors d’eskiver ciaus qui metroient Leur amour a fin, s’il pooient. Autre riens ne leur fait grevance. S’il estoient venu en France, * reploiie. Here the verse has a syllable too much ; suppressed. t MS. sex. 3570 3580 3590 which I have THE ROMANCE OF BLONDE OF OXFORD 125 II aroient joie d’amours Parfaite et durans a tous jours. Quant un peu se sont esbatu, En leur loge sont rembatu, Ou il faisoit bel et roisant. Jlluec se revont deduisant De baisier et d’ent’racoler, De doucement entrepaller. Mais del sourplus conte ne fas, Que je ma matere n’esfas. Encor n’est pas venus li poins Que de 90U faire soit besoings ; Peu en est or cui s’en tenissent Puis que a tel mes en venissent; Car maintenant est plus de mal Petit est mains d’amour loial. Or reconterons de Robin Qui de la mer est el chemin. Li contes dist que tant ala Robins, puis qu’il parti de la Ou ses maistres pali l’avoit, Que d’outre vient d’ou la mer vient. Si tost comme en la vile entra .iiij. chevaliers encontra, Qu’avoec le conte avoit veus ; Sages est, se’s a conneus, De seur son baston apoiant S’en va les rues costoiant. Or voit bien Jehans est gaities, Ne s’est pas trop d’aler coities. 3600 3610 3620 1 26 THE ROMANCE OF BLONDE OF OXFORD Le petit pas, chiere baissie, A tant ale quhl a laissie La vile, et s’est entres el port. Mai sambloit homme de deport. Car il samble qu'il ait langui Asses plus d’un an et demi. Deles le port, en une anglee, Vit le conte et sa gent armee; Par deles lui Pestuet passer, S’il veut al maronier aler. Adont clocha forment d’un pie, L’un oel ouvert, Pautre cluignie. La teste basse et les rains haut. A dit au conte : “ Dix vous saut ! ,J Samblant fait de parler a paines. “ Sire, dist-il, .xxx. semaines “ Ai langui de cotidiane, “ Encor Pai-ge double tiercaine. “ De France sui un povres hom, Je n’ai mais denier ne magon “ De quoi je r’aille en mon pais, “ Ains morrai chi tous esbahis Se vous, pour sainte pater nostre, “ Ne me faites donner del vostre.” Li quens Pesgarde et sa maisnie; Mais a nul d’aus ne sambloit mie Que il peust quatre jours vivre. Li quens .xii. esterlins li livre, Et chascun de ses chevaliers Li donna d’argent .vi. deniers. 3630 3640 3650 AND JEHAN OF DAMMARTIN. 127 Lueques ne fu pas Robins fox, Bien gaaigna .xl. sols. Comment que del cuer les haist Ne laissa l’argent ne preist. Dedui les mercie de bouche, Mais mout petit au cuer broce ; Miex ameroit leur meskeance Qu^il ne feroit lour bienvoellance. Atant prent congie, si s’en torne, Duskes a la mer ne sejorne. Au maronier, qui les atant, Est venus de Fun oel clingnans : “ Sire, dist-il, au maronnier “ Un peu vous volroie proiier et Que vous me passes ceste mer, “ Car de cha mer ai cuer amer, ££ Je n’i eu onques jour sante. “ Del mien a vostre volente “ Poes prendre, car j’ai deniers “ Dont je vous donrai volentiers. (i —Amis, li maroniers respont, “ Encor ne sai quant cil venront “ Cui je creantai a atendre. “ A autre gent ne voel entendre u Devant que je porrai savoir “ Se chil volra ma nef avoir, “ Qui devant le cop me paia. “ De soi atendre me proia, “ Si Fatendrai au mains itant “ Com je li eu enconvenant.” 3660 3670 3680 128 THE ROMANCE OF BLONDE OF OXFORD Quant Robins ot le maronnier Qu’il se puet bien en lui flier. Si li a dit: (e mout a grant somme “ De bonte en cuer de preudome; “ Sachies que je li valles sui “ Qui vint decha avoecques lui “ Qui vous pria de lui atendre. 3690 “ Ci m’a envoiie pour aprendre “ Se vous convent li teniies, “ Ne se vous mais l’atendiies. “ — Or m’as tu dit trop grant desroi, “ Fait li maronniers, par ma foi. “ II n’avoit o lui c’un vallet “ Qu’on apeloit Robinet. “ Un palefroi les lui menoit; “ Plus haities et plus sains estoit “ Que tu n’ies. Si feis folie 3700 “ Del dire, car ce n’es-tu mie. “ J1 samble que tu morir doies “ Si tost que tu tierc jor ne voies. a — Si sui, dist Robins, biaus dous maistre, “ Savoir vous convient tot nostre estre : “ Mes maistres a maint anemi, “ Si nous gaitent, sacies de fi. “ Et pour que reconeus u Ne soions, ne aperceus, “ Me taint ainsi d’une taintine 3710 “ Qu’il cuelli en une gandine. “ A vous m’envoie, et si vous prie, “ Com celui en qui il se fie, AND JEHAN OF DAMMART1N. 129 << • ''< •* , ?/. ; 1 v:-' ■ 7,V 1 •■ •/ .- ■{tf. ' 2iv.‘ ;v, ■