From the Library Frank Simpson A NEW POCKET COMPANION FOR O X F O R D : O R, Guide through the Univerfity. CONTAINING An accurate Defcription of the Public Edifices, the Buildings in each of the Colleges; the Gardens, Statues, Pictures, Hieroglyphics, and all other Curiosities in the University. With an Hiftorical Account of the Foundation of the feveral Colleges, and their prefent State. To which are added, Defcriptions of the Buildings, Tapestry, Paintings, Sculptures, Temples, Gardens, &c. at BLENHEIM, Dl TCHLEY, HE YTHRQP, NUN EH AM and STOW, The Seats of His Grace the Duke of Marlborough, The Right Honourable the Earls of Litchfield, Shrews- bury, and Harcourt ; and the Marquis of Buck- ingham. A New Edition, v^orre&ed, .ijuch Enlarged, and Adorned with a Pl a n of the University and C i t y, and Six other Plates. OXFORD, Printed for D. Prince,, and J. Cooke, near the Clarendon Printing- Houfe. m dcc lxxxix. See ! Oxford lifts her Head fublime, Majeftic in the Mofs of Time; Nor wants there Grades better Part, 'Mid the proud Piles of ancient Art ; Nor decent Doric to difpenfe New Charms 'mid old Magnificence; And here and there foft Corinth weaves Her daedal Coronet of Leaves ; While, as with rival Pride, her Tow'rs invade the Sky. Warton's Ode. CONTENTS. Alban Hall Page 83 All Saints Church — — - 6 All Souls College — 36 Arundel Marbles — 9 Agronomical Obfervatory > 22 Baliol College — — 56 Blenheim Cattle, the Seat of his Grace the Duke of Marlborough, near Woodftock - — 93 Bodleian- Library — * — 7 Botanic or Phyfick Garden » ■ ■ 23 Brafe-Nofe College — — 42 Chancellors, Vice-chancellors, &c. Lift of — 88 Chrift-Church, Cathedral and College — 74 Hall — — 76 -— . Library, and Collection of Pictures 78 Clarendon Printing-Houfe — — 20 Corpus Chrifti College — — 70 Ditchley, the Seat of the Right Honourable the Earl of Litchfield — — 106 Edmund Hall 83 Exeter College — • 62 General Defcription of Oxford, and it's Environs 1 Governors of Colleges and Halls, Lift of 85 Hertford College — — - — 43 Heythrop the Seat of the Right Honourable the Earl of Shrewfbury ■ 1 » 119 Jefus College — — Lincoln College — — 65 Lifts of Chancellors, Vice-Chancellors, Heads of * Colleges, ProfeiTors, &c — . — 88 Magdalen College — — 25 Magdalen Hall — — 84 Market » « r~ 4 Merton CONTENTS. Merton College — — Page 72 Mufe um Afhmoleanum — - — . j g New College — — _ ^ New-Inn-Hall — — g^ Nuneham, the Seat of the Earl of Harcourt — 115 Flower-Garden — — I2 6 Oriel College — \ — 68 Oxford Terms ■ — g^ Parifh Churches — Pembroke College — — Phyfick Garden — — Pi&ure Gallery • — _ . Pomfret Statues — 5 1 23 Printing-Houfe Publick Schools — — — 20 Queen's College » 31 RadclifFe's Infirmary — _ ■ 2 2 RadclifFe's Library «— 2 o Schools, Publick 7 St. John's College — — — , rg St. Mary's Church — — 6 St. Mary Hall ~ — — . g 4 St. Edmund Hall Stow, the Seat of the Right Honourable the Marquis of Buckingham 132. » its State /Apartments — — * 157 ■ -Gardens — . — - . Temple of Britifh Worthies — 1 45 Theatre, Sheldonian ~ Town and County Hall — . ^ Trinity College — ^ Unive*fny College — 35 Wadham College ~ •»-» — » 52 Worcester College —1 ~- 6 J THE NEW COMPANION FOR OXFORD. OXFORD, as we read in our Chronicles was, even in the Britijb Age, confecrated to the Mufes. It was called by the Romans Bellofitum. When the Place was firft fortified does not appear \ but the walls, of which fome parts are now remaining, were raifed upon former foundations, about the time of the Conqueft, by Robert D'Oilie^ who ere&ed the Caftle at the command of the Conqueror in 1071 ; a work of great ftrength, and confiderable extent, as appears by fome mafly ruins now extant, King Henry I, built a Royal Palace on a fpot called Beaumont^ on the weft fide of the City, remains of which are ftill feen. King Richard I, called Geeur de Lion^ was born in this Palace. The origin of the Univerfity of Oxford has been per- plexed with extravagant accounts of the number of Stu- dents. Archbifhop UJher indeed fpeaks of 30,000 in King Henry the Third's time ; and that feveral years afterwards, when the Civil Wars between the Houfes of York and Lancajter had fo much weakened the king- dom, and dilturbed the peace of this Seat of Learning, there w r ere then 15,000. In the City and its environs were feveral Monafteries, the principal of which were St. Fridefwide^ and Ofeney A Abbejri 2 NEW COMPANION Abbey* The Bifhopric, which was heretofore part of Lincoln Diocefe, was erected by King Henry VIII, in 1542. The fituation is on an eminence, rifmg gradually from its extremities to the center. It is encompafled by meadows and corn fields. The meadows, which are chiefly to the fouth and weft, are about a mile in ex- tent ; beyond which are hills of a moderate height, bounding the profpe£t. The eaftern profpeft has likewife fome hills at a little diftance ; the valley growing confiderably nar- rower towards the fouth : but the north is open to corn fields and enclofures for a confiderable extent, without any hill to intercept the air. It is wafhed by a number of ftreams : on the eaft, by the different branches of the Cherwell on the fouth and weft, by thofe of the ^Thames: all which meet, and join a little below the City, forming one beautiful river. The foil is dry, being on a fine gravel, which renders it not lefs health- ful than pleafant. Before the Colleges were erected, the Students were inftru£ted in the houfes of citizens, or in inns or halls, fupported by benefactions from rich perfons, or their own patrimony. Each College hath a Head or Superior to govern it, chofen for the moft part from the Fellows of the So- ciety. The Dean and Canons of Chrift-Church are nominated by the King- In all the Colleges, not only iuch as are provided for by their Founders and Benefac- tors, and many others of all defcriptions, as Noblemen, Sons of Noblemen, Baronets, Gentlemen- Commoners, and the Sons of Clergymen, Gentlemen, and Tradef- men, who live at their own expenfe, but many deferr- ing young men, whofe friendb could not afford to fend them to the Univer'fity^ are fupported by the affiftance FOR OXFORD. 3 of the Society, and who often rife to confiderable fta- tions in the Church. The Town, including the Suburbs, is a mile in length from eaft to weft, and almoft as much in breadth from north to fouth, being three miles in circumference ; but it is of an irregular figure ; and feveral airy fpace* are comprehended within thefe limits, befides the many courts and gardens belonging to the refpeclive Col- leges.. The City, properly fo called, formerly furroundei by a wall, with baftions at about 150 feet diftance from each other, is of an oblong form, and about two miles in circumference. 1 Magdalen College, with the eaftern as well as the northern fuburbs, which contain the pa- rifhes of Holywell, Magdalen, and St. Giles, with Ballio!? Trinity, St. John's, and Wadham Colleges, are withqu-t the old walls, of which fome part remains as a boundary to New College ; beginning near the eaft end of the High- Street, and continuing almoft to the Clarendon Printing-houfe, where there was a Portal and a Cha- pel ; fome remains of which are ft ill vifible. The principal Street of the. City runs from eaft to weft, the entire length of the Town, but under ■diffe- rent names ; the High-Street, beginning at Magdalen Bridge, includes at leaft two thirds of that length ; the remainder is to the end of Cajlle- Street, The High- Jlreet is perhaps without a rival, being of a fpacious width and length, adorned with the fronts of three Colleges, St, Mary's and All-Saints Churches, ter- minated at the eaft end with a view of Magdalen Col- lege Tower, and a beautiful bridge. Every turn of a See^Ws Plan of Oxford, as It was in 1578; in which are give* the form of the Gallic, its baftions, walls, and ditch; the gates and w.\ils of the city ; and the Colleges, as they were originally built, Wad- ham and Jefus Colleges excepted, whkh were not thea founded.— Printed for D, Prince and J. Qookf. A 2 , this 4 NEW COMPANION this ftreet prefents a new object, and a different view, each of which would make an agreeable picture in perfpe&ive ; whereas, had it been ftrait, every objecT: would have been feen at one and the lame inftant, but more forefhortened than at prefent. » The fccond ftreet is that which runs from fouth to north, croffing the ftreet already defcribed. The fouth fjde is called Fijh flreet^ and the other the Corn Mar- ket y from whence we pafs into Magdalen Parifti, and St. Giles's, which form a very fpacious ftreet, and in fome refpe&s is preferable to either of the former, it having the pleafure and advantage of the country, though connected with the town. One .end of this' ftreet is terminated by St. Giles's Church, and adorn- ed with the front of St. "John's College. On the eaft fide of Fijh-Jlreet (commonly called St. O/i's, by corruption from St. A Mate's) ftands Chrijl- Church College, the magnificent front whereof is ex- tended to 382 feet in length. On the fame fide is the Town Hall where the Town and Country Semons, and the Affizes, are held ; which was rebuilt with proper conveniences for the feparate Courts, at the expenfe of Thomas Rowney, Efq. late reprefenta- tive in Parliament, and High Steward of the City. The chief bridges are, firft, Magdalen new bridge, over the Cherwell^ the terrace of which is 526 feet long, and confifts of eleven ftone arches. The old bridge be- ing much decayed, and the entrance to the City both at the eaft and north being found very inconvenient, an AcT: was obtained 1 1 Geo. Ill, to make a commodious entrance through St. Clements to Magdalen Bridge^ to rebuild the Bridge, to take down the gates, to pave and light the ftreets, and to remove all nuifances. In purfuance alfo of the fame A61 of Parliament, on the north fide of the High-jlreet^ between St. Martin's and Ml Saints churches, was erected the New General Market FOR OXFORD. 5 Market, 347 feet long, and 112 wide,* equal to any thing of the kind in the kingdom. The town was originally well laid cut, but like moft others, was un- happily embarrafled with many unfightly and inconve- nient obstructions, which are moft of them cleared ; and by removing the Eaft and North Gates, the whole City has undergone fuch improvements by paving and widening as renders it truly elegant and ufeful. The fecond, on the fouth fide of the town, is over theThames y where formerly ftood an arched entrance, over which was the celebrated Friar Bacon's Study. This is the entrance from Abingdon in Berks, and is itfelf in that county, and confifts of three ftone arches. The third, on the weft fide, is like wife over a branch of the Thames y and is called High-Bridge. There are in the City of Oxford, its Suburbs, and Liberties, fourteen parifhes, viz. I. St. Mary's. 2. All-Saints. 3. St. Martin's. 4. St. Aldate's, or St. Old's. 5. St. Ebb's. 6. St. Peter's le Bayly. 7. St. Aff- ebael's. 8. St. Mary Magdalen's. 9. St. Peter's in the eaft. 10. Holywell. 1 1. St. Giles's. 12. St. Thomas's* 13. St. John's. 14. St; Clement's. Of the Churches which give names to the feveral parifhes already enumerated, there are but three which are remarkable, viz. St. Mary's, All-Saints, and St. Peter's in the eaft. St. Mary's ftands on the north fide of the High-Jlreet y and is the Church ufed by the Univerfity on Sundays and Holydays. It is well proportioned and handfomely built in the Gothic ftile. The Porch is in a more modern tafte. The Church confifts of three ailes, and a large chancel, which is paved with black and white marble. The Vice-Chancellor fits at the weft: end of the middle aile, on a throne elevated feme few fteps ; a little below which fit the two Proctors ; on either hand the Heads of Houfes and Dodiors 5 A 3 below 6 NEW COMPANION below thefe the young Noblemen ; and in the Area, on benches, the Mafters of Arts, At the weft en4 alfo, with a return to the north and fouth ailes, are galleries for the Bachelors and Under-graduats i and under the middle ones are feats for the Ladies. The Tower and Spire which rifes to the perpendicular height of 180 feet, is a very noble and beautiful ftru£ture> and contains a ring of fix large hells. The room -on the north fide of the Chancel, lately repaired in the ftyle of the reft of the Church, is now the Common Law School, where the Vinerian Profeflbr reads his Lectures, uill Saints Church ftands in the fame ftreet, a little to the weftward of St. Marys, and is a very beautiful fabric. It is adorned both within and without with pi- lafters of the Corinthian Order, an Attic ftory and balluftrade elegantly finifhing it without, a curious fret-work Cieling, a neat Altar-piece, and high finiiTi- ing within. This Church is 72 feet long, 42 wide, and 50 high, without a pillar. The Steeple is built after the manner of fome of the new churches in Lon- don. The Architect, the Rev. Dr. Aldrich, formerly Dean of Chrijl -Church. St. Peter's in the Eaft, near Queens' College, built by St. Grymbald, was the firft Church of {tone in this part of the kingdom. It was formerly the Univerfity church ; and the Univerfity ftill go to it every Sunday in the afternoon during Lent. This parifh has much to boaft of, for it contains five Colleges ; viz. Univer- f 7t y-> Queen s, New College, Magdalen, and Hertford Colleges , three Halls \ viz. St. Edmund, Magdalen^ and A/ban Halls ; two peals of ten bells, and one of fix, and three organs ; two of which belong to Col- lege Chapels, where Cathedral fervice is performed twice a day, and the other to the parifh church. Public FOR OXFOR D. 7 Pcblic BUILDINGS of the UNIVERSITY. The Public Schools* with one fide of the Library on the weft r form a fquare of 105 feet. The princi- pal front of the Schools on the outfide is about 175 feet in length, in the middle whereof is a gate, with a magnificent tower. Three fides of the upper flory of the Schools are one entire room, called the Picture Gallery, near the middh of which is a Statue in Brafs of Philip Earl of Pembroke, by the fame Artift who caft the equeftrian ftafue of Charles I, at Cha- ring -Crofs : it is alio furnimed- with the Portraits of molt of the Founders of the Colleges, many learned' and famous men, feveral large Cabinets of Medals*, and fome Cafes of Books* being intended as a conti- nuation of the Bodleian Library. Dr. Tanner, Bifliop- ©f St. dfapby, gave his valuable Collection of Manu- fcripts to the Univerfity* together with ^fum of money to erect proper Cafes for them ; they are depofited near the entrance into the Gallery ; as are Mr. JVil!is's y Mr.. Godwyn'sy and other Collections of Books and Coins.. Dr. Butler, late Preficent of Magdalen College* and the late Duke of Beau forty were at the Expenfe of new wainfcotting the Gallery, which being done, and the Pictures cleaned and repaired,, they are more ad- van tageou fly dipofed than heretofore ; and their num- ber greatly increafed by late Benefactors. The University Library, ufually called the Bod- leian, from Sir Thomas Bodley, its principal Founder*, is a large lofty Itructure, in the form of a Roman H, and is faid to contain the greateft number of Books of any Library in Europe y (except that of the Vatican) a Catalogue whereof is printed in two folio volumes. The ground, on which the Divinity School was A 4 built NEW COMPANION built, was purchafed by the Univerfity in the year 1427, and v/as foon begun, but intermitted, till by the piety of Humphrey Duke of Gloucejler^ it was carried on and completed. It is efteemed a rnoft excellent piece of Gothic architecture, being well proportioned, and finifhed in high tafte, efpecially its roof. The Duke, over the Divinity School, ere£ted the Library, which he furnimed with many choice volumes he pro- cured from Italy in the years 1440 and 1443, befides confiderable additions at his death, three years after. In the year 1597 $' ir Thomas Bodley repaired the old Library of Humphrey Duke of Gloucejier^ and in 1599 i : tted it for the reception of Books. An additional eaftern gallery was begun by him in the year 1610, and another gallery on the weir, projected by him, was erected afterwards. He furnifhed the Library with fuch books as he could procure from all parts of the world. hir Thomas Bodley died jati* 28. 1 6 12, having pro- vided Salaries for the Officers, and keeping the Library in repair. He alfo left Statutes for the government of it, which were confirmed in Convocation. This Library has been prodigioufly increafed by many large and valuable collections of Greek and Oriental Manufcripts as well as choice and ufeful Books ; the principal Benefactors to which have been the Earl of Pembroke y Archbifhop Laud (to whom alone it is in- debted for its ineftimable Oriental Manufcripts) Sir Thomas Roe, Sir Kenelrn Digby, General Fairfax^ Dr* Marjljal!) Dr. BarlGW> Dr, Rawlinfon y Mr. Saint Amanda Mr„ Godwyn r , and large annual Purchafes of* modern Books at the expenfe of the Univerfity.. The Library, and the Picture Gallery, may be feen. from eight in the morning to two ; and in the after- noon from three to five.. In the Winter only 'till three in the. afternoon.. The FOR OXFORD. 9 The Arundel Marbles are now placed to advan- tage in a large apartment on the north fide of the Schools. In the Logic and Moral Philofophy School is the Collection of Marbles^ Statues , Bujios, &c. which were many years at Eaflon^ the feat of the Earl of Pomfretj and were prefented to the Univerfity by the late Countefs of Pomfret. A CATALOGUE OF THE POMFRET STATUES, BUSTOS, MARBLES, &c. as they Jla?id numbered in their prefent Rep ojltory . x \ STATUE of a Grecian Lady, 7 feet high, JTjl. wants both arms. 2 A ditto of Archimedes, 7 feet 2 inches high, wants an arm. 3 A ditto of a Roman Emperor, 7 feet high, wants one arm and the ncfe. Perhaps modern. 4 A ditto of Minerva, 9 feet high. 5 A ditto of a Roman Emperor, 7 feerhigh, wants one arm. Perhaps modern. 6 A ditto of Cicero in the proper habit, 6 feet 9 inches high. The Drapery 'very mafterly. He has the Su~ darium in the right, and the Scroll in the left hand*. The Character of the Countenance Settled Indignation, in . 66 A Bacchanalian, 2 feet 3 inches by 2 feet. 67 A Woman's Head, 1 foot 6 inches high, wants the Nofe. 68 The Trunk of a Man, 2 feet 2 inches. 69 A Trunk of a Woman fitting, 2 feet 7 inches. 70 A Confular Trunk, 5 feet 6 inches high. 71 A Trunk of a Woman fitting, 2 feet 7 inches. 72 A Bull of a Roman, 1 foot 6 inches high, wants the Nofe. 73 The Head 0/ a Man, 1 foot high, wants the Nofe. * 74 A Trunk of Venus naked, 1 foot 10 inches high. 75 An Old Man's Head. 76 A Man's Head, jo inches high, wants the Nofe. 77 Part of a Head and Neck, 1 foot 6 inches high. 78 An Old Man's Head 79 A Statue of a young Satyr, 2 Feet 6 inches high. 80 A naked Trunk of a Man, 2 feet 6 inches high. 81 Beafts devouring Men. — // is the pedejial of a Table, Scylla and Charybdis are represented devouring Mari- ners, ivhofe attitudes are extremely fine* 82 A Trunk of a Woman, 2 feet 8 inches high. 83 Part of a Man's foot. S4 A naked Trunk of a Man, 2 feet 6 inches high. 85 Part of two Mafks, 2 feet 5 inches by 1 foot 9, 556 A Lion, 3 feet 10 inches long. > 87 An alabafler Urn, 2 feet 8 inches high. 88 A Sarcophagus, 5 feet 2 inches by one foot 6. 89 Statue of Judith, 4 feet 6 inches high. 90 A ditto of Hercules choaking a lion. — Few figures have greater fpirit. On the rock adjoining feems to have been the figure of a nvoman, perhaps of a mufe Jinging the atchievement to her harp* 91 A Sarcophagus with boys, 4 feet by 1 foot 4; 92 A Sea-lion, 3 f . 6 inches long, 2 feet 4 inches high, 93 Dogs and a Boar, 2 feet long. 94 A FOR OXFORD. 13 94 A fleeping Cupid, 2 feet 5 inches high. — The Lizard may be a device for the name of the fculptor y unlefs allegorical. 95 A Sarcophagus, 2 feet 3 inches by 1 foot. 96 A baflb relievo Roman repaft, 2 feet by 1 foot 7. 97 A Trunk of a woman, 2 feet high. 98 Soldiers fighting, 1 foot it inches by 2 foot 3. 99 'Soldiers fighting, 3 feet 11 by 1 foot 3. 100 A Trunk of a young man, 1 foot 1 1 . 1 01 The triumph of Amphytrion, 2 feet by 2 feet 1 02 A Trunk of a woman fitting, 1 foot 3 inches high, 103 The taking of Troy, 7 feet by 11 inches. The figure* executed njjkh amazing exprejfion. 104 Boys embracing, 2 feet 3 inches by 1 foot 6. 105 The Herculean games, 2 feet 3 inches by 2 feet. »io6 Boys, 2 feet by 1 foot. 107 A Woman and a Child, fitting in a fquare nich, 1 foot 9 inches by 1 foot 7. 108 A Roman Monument with three Bulls, 3 feet 10 inches by 2 feet 3. 109 Part of a Roman Monument. 1 10 Ditto. 111 Bull of a Roman Head. 1 1 2 Bull of a Roman Head. 1 13 A Roman Bull. 1 14 A Bull of Fauna. » 1 1 5 A ditto of Fauns. 1 1 6 The Bull of a young Man. 1 17 A ditto of Diana. 1 1 8 Ditto of a Grecian. 119 Ditto of a Woman cloathed, 1 20 Ditto of a Philofopher. 121 Philofophy, a Bull. 122 A Bull of Niobe. 123 Ditto of one of her Sons. 124 Ditto of Venus de Medicis. 1 25 Ditto of a Woman cloathed. 126 A Bull cloathed, wants the Head. 127 Ditto* N E W COMPANION 127 Ditto. 128 Ditto. 129 Ditto. 130 A Butt naked, head wanting. 131 Buft of an old Man half naked. s 1,32 Ditto of a Roman. I 53 Bull of Hen. VIII , modern, 134 Ditto (?nodern) of Rob. C Pal. Rhen. D. Ba^„ 1637,; ^Etat. 17-. 135 A Coioflal Head of Apoikx THE THEATRE. The Front of this Building is oppofite to the Divi- nity School, adorned with Corinthian Pillars, and the- Statues of Archbifhop Sheldon and the Duke of Or- monde It hath a flat roof, compofed of fhort pieces of Timber, continued to a great breadth,, without Arch- work or Pillar to fupport them, being fuftained only by the fide walls and their own texture, though from Side- wall to Side-wall it is 80 feet over one way, and 70. the other. When properly filled, the Chancellor or Vice-Chan— cellor being feated in the center of the femicircular part, the Noblemen and Doctors on his right and left hand,, the Proctors and Curators in their Robes, the Mailers of Arts, Batchelors, and Under-Graduats, in their refpe£tive habits and places, together with Stran- gers of both fexes, it makes a moft auguft appearance. On the North Side is the Statue of Charles II*. Within it is adorned with Paintings, viz. the Portraits, at full length, of the Founder Archbifhop Sheldon, the Duke of Ormond, and Sir Chrijlopher Wren, the Ar- chitect. Likewife a curious Cieling by Streater \ of which the following is a. DESCRIPTION. FOR OXFORD. *5 " In Imitation of the Theatres of the ancient Greeks and Romans, which were too large to be covered with lead or tile, fo this, by the Painting of the fiat roof with- in, is reprefented open ; and as they ilretched a cord- age, from pilafter to pilafter, upon which they {trained a covering of cloth,' to protect the people from the injuries of the weather, ib here is a Cord-moulding gilded, that reaches crofs the houfe, both in length and breadth, which fupporteth a great reddifh Drapery, fuppofed to have covered the roof, but now furled up by the Genii round about the houfe, towards the wall which difcovereth the open air, and maketh way for the Defcent of the uirts and Sciences, that are congre- gated in a circle of clouds, to whofe afTembly Truth defcends, as being folicited and implored by them all. For joy of this feftival fome other Genii fport about the clouds, with their Fefroons of flowers and lau- rels, and prepare their Garlands of laurels and rofes> with her Ruling Sceptre, accompanied with Records, Patents, and Evidences on the one Side, and on the other with Rhetoric^ : by thefe is an attending Genius* with the Scales of Jujlice, and a figure with a Palm- branch, the emblem of reward for virtuous actions and the Roman Fafces, the marks of Power and Punifh- ment. Printing, with a Cafe of Letters in one Hand, and a Form ready fet in the other, and by her ieveral iheets hanging to dry. On the left fide the circle, oppofite to Theology, in three Squares, are the Mathematical Sciences, depending en Demonjlration, as the other on Faith, in the firft of which is Ajironomy with the Celeitial Globe, Geography with the Terreftial, together with three attending Ge- nii ; having Arithmetick in the fquare on one hand, with a paper of figures ; Optics with the Perfpe&ive-GIafs ; Geometry with a pair of Compaffes. in her left ; and a table with Geometrical figures in it, in her right-hand. And in the fquare on the other hand, Architecture em- bracing FOR OXFORD. *7 bracing the Capital of a Column, with Compafles, and the Norma or Square lying by her, and a Workman holding another Square in one hand, and a Plumb-Line in the other. In the midlt of thefe fquares and triangles (as de- fending from above) is the figure of Truth fitting as on a cloud, in one hand holding a Palm Branch (the em- blem of victory) in the other the Sun, whole brightnefs enlightens the whole circle of figures, and is fo bright, that it feems to hide the face of herfeif to the fpe&ators below. Over the entrance of the front of the Theatre, are Three Figures Tumbling down ; firft Envy, with her Snaky Hairs, Squint Eyes, Hag's Breaft, pale ve- nomous Complexion, ftrong but ugly Limbs, and riveled Skin, frighted from above by the fight of the Shield of Pallas, with the Gorgon's Head in it, againfl which fhe oppofes her fnaky TrefTes, but her fall is fo precipitous, Hie has no command of her arms. Then Rapine, with her fiery Eyes, grinning Teeth, fharp Twangs, her hands imbrued in blood, holding a bloody Dagger in one hand, in the other a burning Flambeau ; with thefe inftruments threatning the de- fcruction of Learning, and all it's habitations, but me is overcome, and prevented, by a Herculean Genius, or power. Next that is reprefented brutifh, fcoifing Ignorance, endeavouring to vilify and contemn what fhe under- ftands not, which is charmed by a mercurial Genius with his Caduceus." In the Theatre are held the Public A&s called the Comitia y and £nccenia y and Lord Crewe's annual Commemoration in June or July of the Benefactors to the Univerfity ; when the Prizes adjudged to particu- lar Performances are publickly recited. This fuperb Edifice, which juftly deferves to be deemed one of our principal Curiofities, was built by that NEW COMPANION that celebrated Architect Sir Ghriftophcr Wren, at the expence of Archbiftiop Sheldon, the Chancellor, m 1669, and coft his Grace 15000/. to which, he added 2000 A to purchafe lands for the perpetual repair,, of it. THE MUSEU M. On the weft fide of the Theatre ftands the Aih- molean Mufeum, a handfome Edifice,, built by the Univerfity at the requeft of Elias AJhmoie, Efq \ V/ind- [or Herald to King Charles II. who placed here all the Rarities, he had collected and purchaied, particularly from the twoTradejcatit * The Building was complet- ed in 1682, under the conduct of Sir Chrijlopher Wren^ and is admired for its Symetry and Elegance. The Eaftern Portico is highly finiihed in the Corinthian Or- der, and adorned with Variety of hara&eriftical Em- bellifhments. Mr. 4Jhmole prefented to the Univerfity a valuable Collection of Natural Curiofities, Coins and Manu- fcripts, together witli three Gold Chain?, one of phi- ligrain work, he had received as honorary Prefents from the King of Denmark and other Princes on Qc- cafion of his Book on the Order of the Garter., This Repofitory has been greatly enriched by fe— veral ample and valuable benefactions. The princi- pal Natural Curiofities are the Collection of Bodies,,. Horns, Bones, &c\ of Animals preferved dry, or in Spirits ; curious and numerous Specimens of Metals and Minerals ; Dr. Lifter's Collection of Shells, Ores, FofTils, £sV. moft of which arepublifhcd in his Synopfts Conchylioruwy and in the Philofo bhical Tr an f anions Its two firft Keepers were Dr,. Robert Plott and Mr^ Edward Lbwyd, the former of which depofited here all his Natural Bodies mentioned in his Hiftories of Stafford/hire sad Oxfordshire ; and the latter his Col- lections., FOR OXFORD. *9 lections in his Travels through England, Wales, and Ireland. Mr. Borlacr, Author of the Natural Hijlory of Cor wall, preferred alio to this Mufeum the Speci- mens of Chryflals, Mundicks, Coppers, Tins, C5Y. defcribed in that Work. The large Magnet, given by the Countefs of Weft-* norland, is of an oval Shape, iS inches long, 12 wide > and fupports a Weight of 145 Pounds. Three curious Pieces of Art deferve particular No- tice, viz. a Model of a Ship j a Picture of our Sa- viour going to his Crucifixion, compofed of the moft beautiful lively Feathers ; and an ancient Piece of St» Cutbberi, made by Order of King Alfred. The laft and very entertaining Prefent to this Col- lection, was given by Mr. Reinbold Forjler, who went the firft Voyage round the World with Captain Cooky confuting of a great Variety of the Manufactures, Ha- bits, Warlike inftruments, and an idol, which he brought from the Ifland of O Taheitee and NewZealand. Among the Paintings are a few very good ones : a Dead Cbijl, by Hannibal Car r ache* Tvomas Earl of Jrundel, and the Duke of Norfolk, his Son, by Vandyke* Cbriffs P0erit into Hell, by drugs, d. In this Building are three fmall Libraries ; the firft, called /ffimole's Study, contains his printed Books and Manufcripts relating to Heraldry and Antiquity, and the Manufcripts of Sir IViiitam Dugdale, Author of the Moyiajllion Angiicanum : — The fecond contains Dr» Lifter 's Library. The third that of Mr. Anthony d JVood^ with his laborious and learned Collections, relating chiefly to this Univerfity and City. On the firft Floor is the Apparatus for the Lectures in Experimental Philofophy, where the ProfefTor reads his Courfes or Lectures ; as underneath is the grand Apparatus for the prefent extenfive Lectures in Che-* miftry now eftabiifned in the Univerfity. CLAREN- 20 NEW COMPANION CLARENDON PRINTING-HOUSE. On the other Side of the Theatre, and North of the Schools, ftands the Clarendon Printing-Houfe, built in the Year 171 i, with the Profits ariiing from the Sale of Lord Clarendons Hiftory ; the Copy of which was given to the Univerfity by the Lords Cla- rendon and Roibejier^ Sons to that noble Lord. It is a grand Edifice, 115 Feet in Length ; and confifts of two lofty Stories. Towards the Street is a magnify cent Portico in the Doric Order ; the Height of the Columns being equal to the two Stories. This is anfwered on the oppofite Side, next the Schools, by a Frontifpiece fupported by Three-Quarter Columns of the fame Dimenfions 5 and the Doric Entablature en- compafTes the whole Building. On the Top, are Sta- tues of the Nine Mufes ; and over the Entrance on the South Side a Statue of the Earl of Clarendon. As we enter on this Side, on the Right-hand, are the Apart- ments where Bibles and Common Prayer Books are printed, under the Privilege and Appointment of the .Univerfity. On the Left is the Univerfity Prefs ; and a well-finiftied Apatuient, where the Heads of Houfes and Delegates meet on the Bufinefs of the Univerfity. RADCLIFFE'S NEW LIBRARY. Southward of the Schools, in the Centre of a beau- tiful drt&t ftands the new or Radclivian Library ; for the building whereof* that celebrated Phyncian Dr. John Radcliffe bequeathed the Sum of 40,000 /. He fixed the Sallary of the Librarian at 150/. per Annum £ appropriated 1 00 /. \ ev Annum to buy Books, and IOO/. per Annum to keep the Library in Repair. The Ruftic Bafement, which is 100 Feet in Dia- meter from Outfide to Outfide, is a double Octagon or 16 Square \ either of which Squares are diftinguifh- ed FOR OXFORD. 21 ed by their proje&ion, and having over each a Pedi- ment or Frontifpiece which form them into Gate-ways, The Superftrudture, raifed upon this Baiement, is perfectly Cylindrical^ and adorned with Three-Quarter Columns of the Corinthian Order ; which are ranged, not at equal Diftances but in Couplets. Between thefe there is an A lternacy of Windows and Niches all round : over the latter, next to the Architrave^ are beautiful Feftoons of Fruits and Flowers. The Entablature is much enriched with Carving and over it is a Ballu- ftrade furrounding, the whole, finifhed with V afes on the Piers perpendicular to the Columns. Above which is a Cupola 60 Feet high. Seven of the Gateways abovementioned are Entrances into the Po?*tico or Ar- cade ; in the Center of which within the Piers is a wide fpreading Dame ; and without them, a Cloyfter almoft encircling it. Over each of the Entrances is a Dome of fmaller Dimenfions, curioufly wrought with variety of Mofaic. The Eighth Gateway is appropriated to the Stair-Cafe, the well of which is oval ; and the Steps, which are of Stone, adhering to the Wall at one End, feem rather to be upheld by the iron Rail that is upon them, than fupported underneath at the other. The Pavement is of different coloured Stone, brought from Harts Foreji in Germcr y. The Dome, which is 80 Feet high from the Pave- ment, is wrought in curious Compartments in Stucco. It is chiefly lighted by Windows in the Cylindric Part thereof : between which are Trefles of Fruits and Flowery. In the circular Part, without the Piers, are the Book-cafes and Reading-tables : The Gallery above is appropriated to the fame Ufes as the circular Part beneath. Over the Door is a very good Statue of the Founder by Ryjbrack, Over "the Entrance of one of the Galleries is a Bid of Gibbs? the Archi- tect, The firit Stone of this fuperb Building was laid NEW COMPANION laid May 17. A. D. 1737 ; and being compleatly fi« nifhed, it was opened on Tburfriay^ A,>ril 13, 1749. In this Library are a couple of Superb Roman Can- dlefticks^ of incomparable W orlcmanfhip, given to the Univerfity by Sir Roger Newdigate, Bart, They were found in the Ruins of the Emperor Adrians Palace at Tivolij in the Campania Row ana. The Publick are indebted to Dr. Radctiffes Truflees for the building and compleatly furnifhiiig the PUB- LIC INFIRMARY at the North Side of the City, which is maintained and fupported by voluntary Con-* tributions. An inftitution which in this place muft be productive of very extenfive Benefit?, as, while it relieves the Poor, it ferves for a School for the Students in Phyfic. The munificent Truftees of Dr. Radcliffes Will have alfo built a magnificent ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY, in an advantageous fituation, as it commands an ex- tenfive Horizon, not incommoded by the Town, and which is now nearly completed, under the Direction of that great Artift Mr. Wyatt. The Eight-Wind; after the Manner of the Temple at Athens, are ready to be placed on the third Story, as is the Atlas to be placed on the top. It is built in an open Field adjoin- ing to the North Side of the Infirmary; the Land a Benefaction of his Grace the Duke of Marlborough, The whole Building is 175 Feet in Length; its Breadth from North to South in the Centre, exclufive of the Portico, is 57 Feet ; and at each Wing 24 Feet. Between the Wings, in the North Front, iprings a Semicircle, which includes the Hall with two ad- jacent Libraries on the ground floors the Stair cafe and FOR OXFORD. and the Lecture-Room with two adjoining Rooms on the next Story. The third Story confifts of an Octangular Tower, the elevation of which, including the figure to be placed on the Roof, will be upwards of 50 feet : Thus the elevation of the centre of this Building will be upwards of too feet. In the Eaftern Wing is contained, in three rooms, a compleat fet of Aftronomical Inftruments, fixed in the plane of the Meridian, made by the late unrivalled Artift Mr. John Bird, at the expence of above 1100 Pounds ; confiding of two Quadrants, each of eight feet radius ; a Tranfit Initrument of eight Feet, and a Zenith- Sector of twelve. In the Weftern Wing is placed a fett of fmaller In- ftruments for the ufe of fuch Students as chufe to ap- ply themfelves to practical Aftronomy. The Dwelling- Houfe for the Profeffor is very com- modioufly connected with the Eaftern Wing of the Obfervatory by a Covered Way. In the lower part of the Field is a fmall circular Building, with a moveable roof, in which is placed an Equatorial Sector for the purpofes of obferving the Places of the Heavenly Bodies at any diftance from the Meridian. The Duke of Marlborough was alfo pleafed to pre- sent to this Obfervatory a Reflecting Telefcope of twelve Feet, which coft above 1000/. It was made by the late Mr. James Short. A Building, with a moveable Roof, will foon be erected for this Inilruinent. The PHYSICK, or BOTANICAL GARDEN is fituated on the South of Magdalen College. This was the Donation of Henry D'Jnvers, Earl of Danby^ who purchafed the Ground (containing five Acres) cf 24 NEW COMPANION of Magdalen College, furrounded it with a lofty WaB, and erected, next to the Street, a parapet with Iron Palifades. The Gate- way is juftly efteemed an elegant Pkce of Architecture. The Defign is afcribed to hiigo Jones ; nor is it unworthy of that Architect. In the Center over the Arch is a Buft of the Founder, Lord Danby. On the Left-hand of the Entrance is a Statue of Charles I. and on the^ Right one of Charles II. On the Face of the Corona and the Frize is the fol- lowing Infcription ; viz. Gloria flei optimi maximi Honor i Caroli I. Regis in Ufum Academia et Reipubli- r^Henricus Comes Danby, Anno 1632. This Infcrip- tion is likewife on the Garden Front. . The Garden is divided into four Quarters, with a broad Walk down the Middle. Near the Entrance are two elegant and ufeful Green Houfes^ built for Ex- otics ; of which there is a confiderable Collection, In the Quarters is the greateft Variety of fuch Plants as require no artificial Heat to nourilh them, all ranged in their proper ClafTes, and numbered. Eaftward of the Garden, without the Walls, is an excellent Hot-hoi;fe ; where tender Plants are raifed and brought to great Perfection ; viz. the Anana or Pine-Apple, the Plantain, the Coffee Shrub, the Caper Tree, the Cinnamon, the Creeping Cereus, and many others. The Caper and Coffee Shrub bear well. This ufeful Foundation has been much improved by the late Dr. Sbcrard^ who provided a Salary for the Profeflbr, and brought from Smyrna a valuable Col- lection of Plants ; and by the prefent learned Profeffor who alfo refided feme Years in the Eaft, and has en- riched the Collection with many new Articles. Dr. Sberard built the Library adjoining to the Garden, and furniflied it with a curious Collection of Botani- cal Books. The Eaft End of this Building is the Apartment FOR OXFORD. Apartment for the Profeflbr. The Afliftant to the Pro- feffor is provided by the Univerfity ; he is generally ready to attend fuch Perfons as wifti to be more minutely inform'd as to the more fcarce and curious Plants. We proceed next to defcribe and give feme Account of the feveral Colleges ; and as Magdalen College is the neareft to the Place we laft mentioned, and the firft we meet with in the Road from London^ it may be moft convenient to begin witK that College, MAGDALEN COLLEGE. TH E College of St, Mary Magdalen is fituated near the River Cherwell, at the eaft end of the City. The firft thing worthy attention is the weft Entrance into the Chapel ;' over which are five fmal! ^Figures, of elegant Sculpture. That on the right, in a kneeling pofturq, reprefents the Founder ; the next William of Wykeham the Founder of the two St. Mary - Winton Colleges ; that in the middle, St. Mary Mag- dalen, to whom, the College is dedicated; the next, in a kneeling pofiure, King Henry ID. who founded the Hofpital which was converted into this College ; and that on the left, St. John the Baptift, to whom the feid Hofpital was dedicated* The Building on the left hand is the Prefident's Lodgings. Near the Entrance, on the right-hand, is the Chapel, which is a well-proportioned Edifice in form of a Roman T inverted. In the Ante Chapel, on the left of the Organ-loft, is a Monument erecied to the memory of two brothers of the name of Lyttleton, wh« were drowned in the river Cherwell, one by endea- vouring to fave the other. The whole of the Ante Chapel has been lately adorned with an elegant new Pulpit, Ledturer's Seat, and new Paving. B The 26 N E W CO M P A N X O N. The Weft Window, painted in Claro obfcuro, was * done after a defign of Schwartz, as appears by a print engraved by Sadelar from the Original, It reprefents the Refurrection ; and, by the print, was certainly a grand defign ; but the beauty of the Painting is much impaired. Till the time of the Civil Wars, all the Windows were painted in the fame manner. Thofe now in the Chapel were removed thither from the Ante- Chapel in 1741 ; but not being a fufficient number to glaze the whole, two new ones have fince been added. The Altar-Piece was painted by Ifaac Fuller, an Englifh Hiftory-painter, about 140 Years ago ; who having ftudied and admired the mufcular manner of Michael Angelo, feems to have neglected the graceful Elegance of Raphael : For although many of the Fi- gures may juftly be deemed excellent Anatomical ! Drawings 5 yet for want of that eafy and natural dif- pofition, peculiar to the laft mentioned great Mafter, ! and better Colouring, the whole appears crude, and ! perhaps had not the laft finifhing. Underneath this Piece of the Refurreition is an admirable Picture of our Saviour bearing his Crofs, fuppofed to be painted by Guido. It was at Vigo, and brought into England i by the late Duke of Ormond : But afterwards falling j into the hands of William Freeman, Efq ; of Hamels ! in Hertfordfhire, he gave it to the College. To this \\ gentleman the College is likewife chiefly obliged for an excellent Organ, two additional Bells to the Peal [ of Eight, and other confiderable benefactions. The Altar was built, in the prefent manner, about I the year 1730. The Defign is elegant, and the Work- manship well performed : befides the common embel- ! lifliments of the Corinthian Order, there are Feftoons over e very Pannel extremely well carved, which greatly I enrich it. Each Window contains fix Figures nearly as large i as the life, reprefenting the Apoftles, primitive Fa- 1 thers, FOR OXFORD. a 7 thers, Saints and Martyrs. Cathedral Service is per- formed here every day at ten and five, except funday& and holidays, when the morning Prayers begin at Eight, on account of the Univerfity Sermon. Fro^m hence, on the right, we pafs into the Cloyf- ter which remains in it's primitive ftate ; the whole making the moft venerable Appearance of any Col- lege in Oxford, having undergone the feweft altera- tions of any fince it was founded. On the South Side are the Hall and Chapel ; on the Weft the Library ; ;and on the North and Eaft, the Lodgings of the Fel- lows, Demies, &c. At the South-eaft Corner of the Cloyfter, is the Way up to the Hall ; which is a very fpacious Room, handfomely fitted up, and adorned with four whole length Portraits, viz. of the Founder, Dr. Butler formerly Prefident, William Freeman, Efq; and Prince Rupert ; two Half-lengths, viz. Bifhop Warner, a great Benefactor to the Library, and Dr. Hammond. The interiour Part of this Clofter is ornamented with Hieroglyphics of which, (though a celebrated Antiquary * hath been pleafed to call them whimfical Figures which ferve to amufe the vulgar , but are only the licentious Inventions of the Mafon.) we fhail here give | a particular, and, we truft, a rational account, from a Latin f Manufcript in the Library of this College. 'Beginning, therefore, from the South-weft Cor- 1 ner, the two firft Figures we meet with are the Lion t : * See Dr. Stukely's Itinetarmm Cilriofum, 0.42. \ This Piece Is intituled Oedipus Ma^daicnerjh : Explication.':*!* Tma- fuium, et Figurarum, qua apud Magdalcr.etifis in intcriori Collegii Qua- irangulo Tibicimbus xmpofita nJtfuniut* It was written by Mr. William \Reeks, fometime Fellow of this College, at the Requeft of Dr. Clark, vjio was Prefident from the year 167 1, to 1687, and to whom it is nfcribed. It is divided into two Parts. In the firft. the general Doc- trine of Hieroglyphics is very learnedly difcufled. In the latter, he de- scends to a particular consideration of the Hieroglyphics at MagdaUn\ ' .ad from this Part the Account here given is extracted. \ B 2 m, 4 Flatter >, Envy, and Timidity ; and the three laft, the * Mantichora, the Boxers, and the Lamia, Pride, Con- * tention, and Z,z^/?. 4 We have here, therefore, a complete and inftruc- *tive Leflbriy for the ufe of a Society dedicated to 4 tile advancement of Religion and Learning ; and, 4 on this plan, we may fuppofe the Founder of Magda- 4 Hen thus fpeaking, by means of thefe Figures, to the 4 Students of his College. 44 It is your Duty, who live under the Care of a 141 Prefident, whofe Vigilance^ and Parental Tendernefs, 144 are the proper Qualifications to fupport the Govern- 44 ment of my Houfe, attentively to purfue % your Stu- 1 144 dies, in your jtveral Prof efforts \ and fo avoid the 44 Follies of an idle, unlettered, and diffipated Courfe of 44 Life. You may poffibly meet with many Difficulties 144 at your firft fetting out in this Road, but theie every 144 Stripling will be able to overcome by Courage and 144 Per fever ance. And remember, when you are advanc- 4< ed beyond thefe Difficulties, that it is your Duty to cl lend your Affiftance to thofe who come after you, and " whofe Education is committed to your Care. You: , 4C are to be an Example to them of Sobriety and Tem- 44 perance : So fhall you guard them from falling into 44 the Snares of Excef, and Debauchery. You (hall 44 teach them that the Vices with which the World 44 abounds, Cruelty, Fraud, Avarice, Anger and Envy y ,4€ as well as the more fupple ones of abjecT: Flattery 44 and Cowardice, are not to be countenanced withiu : " thefe hallowed Retirements. And let it be your Fn~ ; 4 f deavour*to avoid Pride and Contention, the Parents cf 44 Faction, and, in your Situation, the worir. and moft 44 unnatural of all Factions, the Faction of a Clcyjier. 44 And laltly, you will complete the Collegiate Char aft er y B 3 "if NEW COMPANION u if you crown all your other Acquirements with the " unfpotted Purity and Chajlity^ of your Lives and * Converfation." 4 We hope, by this Time, the Reader is convinced, \ 1 that fo exact a Syftem of Morals, could not eafiiy * have been produced from the licentious Inventions of j « the Mafon: PVom the Cloyfter we go through a narrow Paflage j in the North Side, into the Court where the New- \ Building ftands. This Edifice is 300 Feet in Length, \ and confifts of three stories befides the Garrets. This Front is fupported by an Arcade, which forms a beau- tiful Cloyfter. The whole is deemed an elegant Struc- | ture. It has confiderably the advantage of fome other modern Buildings \ for iri thofe the upper Story is j commonly an Attic, and confequently the Rooms lower i than thofe of the middle ; the Rooms of the upper I Story here are exactly of the fame Dimenfion with thofe below \ and command a better Profpect. Three ether fides were intended to be added ; but probably \ iince the effect of that beautiful Opening to the Mea- dow has been feen, + the Society may think proper, in fome refpect, to alter their defign. One unparalleled beauty belonging to this College is the Grove, which feems perfectly adapted to indulge \ Contemplation ; being a pleafant kind of Solitude, laid ; out in W alks and well planted with Trees. It has in it ! abeut forty Head of Deer. Befide the Walks which are in the Grove, there is j a very delightful and much frequented one round a Meadow, furrounded by Branches of the Cherwell, j called the W ater- Walks, which yields a great variety, fome parts of it running in ftraight lines with the Trees regularly cut ; others winding, and the Trees j growing little otherwife than as Nature dire&s. On : -j- See the Penp$&ive View annexed-* the FOR OXFORD. 31 the weft Side a beautiful opening is made into the Grove by removing the embattled Wall in that Part. This College was founded by William Patten, called William of Wainfleet, from a Village of that name in Lincolnfhire, where he was born. He was educated at Winchefter School, and was afterwards Fellow of New College. Having taken the Degree of Bachelor in Divinity, he was elected Mafter of Win- chefter School, where he continued 12 years, and then was preferr'd to be Provoft of Eton College by King Henry VI. who advanced him to the Bifhopric of Win- chefter in the year 1447, and in 1449 he was confti- tuted Lord High Chancellor of England. In the year 1456 he obtained leave of King Henry VI. to convert St. John's Hofpital into a College. He appointed a Pre- fident, forty Fellows, thirty Demies, a Divinity Lec- turer, School-mafter and Uflier, four Chaplains, an Organift, eight Clerks, and fixteen Chorifters. The whole Number of Students, including Gentlemen Commoners, is about 120. The lofty Tower was erected by the College under the direction of Cardinal Wolfey, who was Fellow, and at that time Burfar of this College. It is about 150 feet high, and by its folid fubftantial Bafis, num- ber of Set-offs and gradual dimunition, is calculated for ftrength and duration. The moft advantageous View of it, is from the Phyfic Garden. The Tower contains a very mufical Pea] of Ten Bells. Vifitor. The Bifhop of Winchefter. Q_U E E N'S COLLEGE, ON the North Side of the High-Street, oppofite Univerfity College, is Queen's College. The whole Area, on which this fine College is built, is an oblong Square, of 300 feet in lengthy and 22Q B 4 in 32 NEW COMPANI ON in breadth, which being divided by the Hall and Cha- pel forms two fpacious Courts. The South End, which is the grand Front, abuts upon the High Street, in the Middle whereof is a mag- nificent Gate, and over it the Statue of Queen Caroline, under a Cupola fupported by Pillars ; the reft of the Front being adorned with Niches j but no Chambers on this Side, except at each End, The firft, or South Court, is a handfome Quadran- gle, 140 feet long, and 130 broad, having *a lofty Cloifter, fupported by fquare Pillars, on the Weft,. South, and Eaft. Over the Weft Cloifter are two Sto- ries confifting of the Chambers of the Fellows and Students an elegant Gallery, and Common Room, and in that Cloyfter is the Apartment of the Provoft. Over the Eaft Cloyfter are alio Chambers for the Fel- lows and Students, and fome of thofe of the late. Be- nefaction of Mr. Michell. The fecond, or North Court$ has the Library over it on the Weft, ancf Cham- bers for the Fellows and Students on the North, Eaft and South, The Chapel is 100 Feet long, and 30 broad. Jit tljb arched Roof is a piece of painting by Sir James Thornhill, The Windows are admirably painted ; the Subject of that over the Altar, by Mr. Price in 1717* is the Nativity of our Saviour. The Side Windows were removed thither from the old Chapel : two on the North Side are the laft Judgment, and two other on the South, the Afcenfion. The reft are all of old Glafs, remarkable for the Livelinefs of the Colours. There is a Paflage between the Chapel and the- Hall from the South to the North Court, the Walls of which carry a handfome Cupola with eight Ionic Columns, and all the proper Ornaments of that Order. The Outfide of the whole is a Doric Building, and the In- fide of the Hall beautified with the fame Order : But the FOR OXFORD. 33 the Infide of the Chapel is entirely Corinthian, the Ceiling of which is not inferior to the reft. The Hall is fixty feet long, and 30 broad, with an arched Roof of a fuitable Height. It is fumiflied with Portraits of the Founder and principal Benefactors ; to which lias lately been added a good Picture of her pre- fent Majefty Queen Charlotte. It is extremely well il- luminated, and has a Chimney Piece of beautiful Mar- ble ; and there is an Opening from the Gallery over the Weft Cloyfter, which feems defigned for Mufic * and hither Strangers are frequently brought, who de- fire to fee the Society at Dinner. The Library on the Weft Side of the North Court, about 123 feet in Length, is a noble Building of the Corinthian Order with a fpacious Cloyfter to the Eaft > and the ; tatue of the Kounder, and principal Benefac- tors to the College, in Niches to the Weft, and is adorn- ed with Stucco Work by the late Mr. Roberts. It has a fplendid Orrery, and is furnifhed with a valuable Col- lection of Books and Manufcripts in moft Languages and Sciences. It is aifo ornamented with a Caft in. Plaifter of Paris of the Florentine Boar. Robert' Egglesfield, a native of Cumberland, Confef- fcr, to Queen Philippa, and Bachelor of X)ivinity in thi& Univerfity, having purchafed feveral Tenements in the Parifh cf St. Peter's in the Eaft, erected there a. Collegiate Hall, at the Inftance (and, probably by the Encouragement) of Queen Philippa, Confbrt of King Edward the III. giving it the Name of Aula Scholar ium Regtna de Oxon ; and on the 18th of January \^\O y obtained the Royal Charter for incorporating the Society of this Hall or College ; T by virtue whereof he conftituted a Provoft and twelve Fellows,. ordering, that the Provoft fhould be chofen out of the Fellows, and be in Holy Orders \ and that for the future the Fellows flioukl be elecled out of the Counties of Cumberland and Weftmoriand. E 5 The 34 NEW COMPANION The principal Benefactors, befides the Founder, were King Edward ill. and his Queen Philippa ; King Charles I. who gave this College three Rectories and three Vicarages in Hampftiire ; Sir Jofeph Williamfon, Knight, fometime Fellow, who rebuilt part of the Col- lege, and left 6000/. towards the finiftiing of it, beiides a valuable Library of Books ; Dr. Barlow, Bifhop of Lincoln, Dr. Lancafter, the Provoft of this College, ; and Dr. Timothy Halton, were great Benefaftors. Since which feveral very confiderable Exhibitions have been given by Sir Francis Bridgman Lady Elizabeth Haftings, and additional Fellowmips and Scholarftiips by the late Mr. Michell of Richmond. The Members in this College are a Provoft, fixtcen Fellows, two Chaplains, eight Taberdars, (fo called from Taberdum^ a fhort gown which they formerly wore ) 16 Scholars, two Clerks, and forty Exhibitioners ; Mr. Michell's eight Fellows, and four Scholars ; befides a great Number of Mafters, Bachelors,Gentlemen Com- moners, Commoners and other ftudents; in all about 110. A Cuftom here is, that they are calPd to Dinner and Supper by the Sound of the Trumpet, and the Fellows, as the Founder's Statutes direct, place themfelves on the further Side of the Table, the Taberdars on Sun- days and Holidays difpute on fome of the moft contro- verted Queftions in Divinity; and on other Days ren- der fome Parts ofAriftotle'sRhetoric,Poetics, or Ethics. Another Cuftom is, that the Burfar of the College, on New- Year's Day, gives each Member a Needle and Thread, faying, Take this^ and be thrifty y as a Re- bus on the Founder's Name (Aiguile) in French, fignifying a Needle, and FU y a Thread, Egglei field. Another is, having a Boar's Head on Chriftmas Day, uftier'd in Very folemnly with a celebrated .Monkifti Song. Vifitor, The Archbilhop of York. UNIVERSITY FOR OXFORD. 35 UNIVERSITY COLLEGE. OPPOSITE Queen's, on the South Side of the High Street, ftands Univerfity College, The magnificent Front extends 260 feet. In it, at proper Diftances, are two Portals, with a Tower over each. That on the Weft leads into the old Court, which is a handfome Gothick Quadrangle, of 100 feet fquare. Over the Gate, at our Entrance, on the Outfide, is a Statue of Queen Anne, and within another of James II. Over the Eaftern Entrance, on the Outfide, is a Statue of Queen Mary, Daughter to James II. On the South of the Weftern Quadrangle are the Chapel and Hall. The Statue of St. Cuthbert is over the door of the Chapel. The Altar Window was given by Dr. Radcliffe, as appears, by its Infcription, A. D. 1687* the other Windows are of fine old Painted Glafs, well worthy Attention. The Roof of the Chapel is a well- wrought France of Norway oak. The Hall, at the Entrance of which is a Statue of King Alfred, has been fitted up in a very beautiful Gothic Style, at the Ex- penfe of many generous Contributors, and is a moft complete Room of the Kind. From this Court, through a narrow paffage on the Eaft, we are led into another Area of three Sides, 80 Feet either Way. It is opened to a Garden on the South. The Eaft, and part of the North fide, is taken up by the Lodgings of the Mafter, which are commo- dious and extenfive. In a Niche over the Gate on the North, is a Statue of Dr. Radchfte. King Alfred in the Year 872, erected certain Halls in Oxford, near, or on the Spot where this College ftands ; and gave the Students in them fmall Peniions iffuing from the Exchequer. But it is certain that thefe Halls were foon alienated to the Citizens, and that their Penfions were fupprefled about the reign of the Con- queror. But the Founder of this College appears to be B 6 William 36 NEW COMPANION WilliamArchdeacon of Durham, who purchafing,A.D» 1219, one of the Halls which had been originally erect- ed by King Alfred, and very probably ftyled Univerfity Hall, of the Citizens, endowed it with lands. A So- ciety being thus eftablifhed, many other Benefactors improved the Revenues and Buildings. Of thefe the moft confiderable are Walter Skirlaw, Bifliop of Dur- ham, who founded three Fellowfhips. Henry Piercy Earl of Northumberland, Lord of the Honour of Cockermouth, in 1442, added three Fellowfhips, to be elected from the Counties of Durham, Carlifle and York, Sir Simon Bennet eftahliftied four Fellowships and four Scholarfliips. As to the Buildings, the prefent fpacious and uni- form Structure began to be erected, A. D, 1634, by the Benefaction of Charles Greenwood formerly Fel- low, and was foon carried on by Sir Simon Bennet. Nor were fucceeding Patrons wanting to continue fo noble a Work ; till it was finally compleated by Dr. John Rad- cliffe, who erected the whole Eaftern Quadrangle at his own Expenfe. He fettled on the College 600/. per Annum^ for two travelling Fellowftiips, Students in Phyfic, to improve themfelves in the Medical Art. The Prefent Society confifts of a Mailer, twelve Fel- lows, feventeen Schofors, with many other Students,, amounting in the whole to about 70. Vifitor. The King. ALL- SOULS . COLLEGE. THIS College is fituated Weft of Queen's and confifts chiefly of two Courts. i.The old Court is about 124 feet in Length, and 72 in Breadth, having the High-Street cn the South, and the Chapel at the North End of it. Jn this old Quadrangle is a Dial, contrived by that ingenious Architect Sir Chriftopher Wren, FOR OXFORD. 37 Wren, when Fellow of the College, which, by the Help of two Half Rays, and one whole one for every Hour,, (hews to a Minute what is the Time, the Minutes be- ing marked on the Sides of the Rays, fifteen on each. Side, and divided in five by a different Character. 2. Their grand Court, fituated behind the former, is a fpacious and beautiful Quadrangle, having the Li- brary on the North, the Hall and Chapel on the South, the Cloyfter on the Weft, and the Common Room, with other handfome Apartments, on the Eaft, adorned with two beautiful Gothic Towers. This Court is in Length from North to South about 172 feet, and in Breadth 155. The Chapel of this College is about 70 feet long, and 30 broad - % the Ante-Chapel of the fame di- menfions : The Altar-Piece is of a beautiful clouded Marble, and over it a fine Aflumption Piece of the Founder, painted by Sir James Thornhill. Here are alfo two elegant Vales, one on each fide of the Altar, by the fame hand - y the Bas Relief of which reprefents the Inftitution of the Two Sacraments. The Compart- ment over the Communion Table is filled with a Pic- ture painted at Rome in the Year 17 71, by the celebra- ted Mr. Mengs. The fubjeel of this Piece is our Sa- viour's firft appearance to Mary Magdalen after his re- furre&ion \ which is called, by the Painters, a Noli me tangere, in allufion to the firft words of Chrift's fpeech to her, " Touch trie not." The colouring is exquifite efpecially in the body of our Saviour* There is fome- thing very amiable, mixed with dignity, in the coun- tenance and character of this Figure ; while the mild compofure of it is finely contrafted by that extafy of joy and aftoniftiment, which appears on the face of Mary. The Roof of the Chapel is divided into Compart- ments, carved and gilded. The Screen, which divides the Chapel from the Ante-Chapel, was the Defign of Sir Chriftopher Wren. The New Library is a magnificent Gallery, 200 feet 38 NEW COMPANION feet long, and 30 broad, and about 40 feet high, finiftied at a great expenfe. The Outfide is Gothic, in con- formity with the reft of the Quadrangle. The Infide confifts of two grand Ranges of Bookcafes, one above the other, fupported by Pilafters of the Doric and Ionic Orders, Over the Bookcafes are placed inter- changeably Vafes and Buftoes of many eminent Per- fons, formerly Fellows of this Society, of which the following is a Lift, viz. 1. Sir Anthony Shirley, Knight, A. B. Count of the Empire, and EmbafTador from Schach Abhas Emperor of Perfea, to the Chriftian Princes, in the Reign of James I. admitted Fellow 1582. 2. Sir William Petre, Knight, LL. D. Secretary of State to Henry VIII. and Edward VI. and Privy Coun- fellor to Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth , 1523. 3. George Clarke, LL. D. Secretary of War, and after- wards, in the Reign of Queen Anne, one of the Lords of the Admiralty, Secretary to Prince George of Denmark, and in five Parliaments Burgefs for the Univerfity, 1680. 4. Sir Daniel Dunn, Knight LL. D. Dean of the Arches, and one of the firft Surgeries in Parliament for the tjniverfity, 1567. 5. Henry Coventry. Efq; LL. B. EmbafTador at Paris, and Secretary of State in the Reign of Charles II. 1634. 6. Sir Robert Wejlon, Knight, LL. D. Dean of the Arches, and Lord Chancellor of Ireland, 1536. 7. Sir William Trumbull, Knight, LL. D. EmbafTador to the French and T urkijh Courts in the Reign of James II. Secretary of State to King William III. and Burgefs for the Univerfity, 1657. 8 Charles Talbot, LL. D. Baron of Henjol, and Lord High Chancellor of England, 1704. 9. Sir Chrijlopher Wren, Knight, the famous Architect, LL.D. and Savillian ProfefTor of Aftronomy, 1653. 10. Richard Steward, LL. D. Dean of St. PauPs Pro- voft of Eton, Clerk of the Clofet to Charles I. and Com- miffioner for Ecclefiaftical Affairs at the Treaty at Ux- bridge, 16 1 3 . 1 1 * Thomas FOR OXFORD. 39 11. Thomas Tanner, D. D. Bifhop of St. Afaph, 1696. 12. James Goldwell, LL. D. Bifhop of Norwich, and Secretary of State to Edward IV. 1441. 13. Gilbert Sheldon, D. D. Archbifhop of Canterbury and Chancellor of the Univerfity, 1672. 14. Brian Duppa, D. D. Bifhop of Winchefter, Pre- ceptor to Charles II when Prince of Wales, and Lord Almoner, 161 2. 15. David Pole, LL. D. Dean of the Arches and Bilhop of Peterborough, 1520. 16. Jeremy Taylor, D. D. Bifhop of Down and Connor* * 6 35- 17 JohnNbrris, A.M. Re&or of Bemerton Wilts, 1680. 18. Thomas Sydenham, M. D. 1648. 19. Thomas Lynaker, M. D. Founder of the College of Phyficians, London, 1484. 20. Sir Clement Edmonds, Knight, A. M. Secretary of the Council, in the Reign of James I. and Burgefs for the Univerfity, 1590. 21. Sir William Byrde, Knight, LL. D. Dean of the Arches and Burgefs for the Univerfity, 1578. 22 Sir Nathaniel Lloyd, Knight, LL. D. Judge Ad- vocate, and Matter of Trinity Hall in Cambridge, 1689. 23 . Robert Ho ^ e Charter of Incorporation is dated May 20, 16 Henry VI. in which it is called Collegium Anlmarum omnium Fidelium defunct or urn de Oxon. that is, The College of the Souls of all Faithful People deceafed of Oxford. By the Statutes he gave this College, he appointed forty Fellow?, whereof twenty-four w T ere directed to* ftudy Divinity and Philofophy, and the other fixteea the Civil and Canon Law. He procured from King Henry VI. a grant of the lands and revenues of fe- veral difiblved priories to endow his College, and in, his life-time erected the Chapel and all the reft of the original Buildings, which coft him 4545/. and at his death gave to the Society the fums of 134/. 6s. 8d. and 100 marks. The moft confiderable B e nefactors have been Colonel Chriftopher Codrington, Governor of the Leeward Iflands, and Fellow of All-Souls, already-mentioned; George Clarke, LL. D. the late Duke of Wharton; DoddingtonGreville, Efq; Lieutenant General Stew- art, and Sir Nathaniel Lloyd, who, at the time that he was Fellow of this College, was Head of a College in Cambridge. The Colonel bequeathed 6000/. for build- ing the noble Library already defcribed, his own valu- able Study of Books-, and 4000/. more to purchafe new ones; and Dr. Clarke gave his beautiful Houfe for the ule of the Wardens fucceffively of the Col- lege. He alfo much augmented the Chaplainfhips. In this College are a Warden, forty Fellows, twa Chaplains, and fix Clerks and Chorifters. A very peculiar cuftom is the celebrating the Mal- lard Night, every year on the 14th of January,, in Remembrance of an exceffive large Mallard or Drake, fuppofed to have long ranged in a Drain or Sewer, where it was found at the digging for the Founda- tion of the College. A very authentic account of this Event hath been retrieved, and puWIfiied to the learn- 42 NEW COMPANION ed world* from a Manufcript of Thomas Walfingham the hiftorian and monk of St. Alban's. It is the cauie of much mirth, for on the Day, and in remembrance of the Mallard, is always fung a merry Old Song let to ancient Muiic. Vifitor. The Archbimop of Canterbury, BRAS E-NOSE COLLEGE T^ORMS the Weft Side of the Radcliffe JH Square. Was founded in the year 1507, by the joint Benefaction of William Smith* Bilhop of Lincoln, and Sir Richard Sutton, Knight. Over the -Gate are the Arms of the latter. The moft probable Account of the uncommon Name of this College feems to be this $ The Founders pur- chafed from Univerfity College, for the Site of their intended Building, two ancient Seats of Learning, Brafe-Nofe and Little Univerfity Flails ; or, as the latter was more commonly called Black Hall. Both thefe are fuppofed to have received their refpe&ive names from fome Students, who removed thither from two fuch Seminaries in the temporary Univerfity of Stamford. And Anthony Wood fays the Stamford Seminary was called Brazen-Nofe from an Iron Ring fixed in a Nofe of Brafs ferving as a Knocker to the Gate. The Founders, with a View to both thefe ancient Seats of Learning, ordered their New Seminary to be called, The Kings Hail and College y of Brazen-Nofe.. Agreeable to it*s Antiquity as Univerfity Hall, there are ftill over the Door of the Refectory two very an- tient Bufts : the one of Alfred the great the firft Founder the other of John Eregina a Scotfman, who read Lectures there in the year 882. The Refectory is neat and convenient, adorned with very good Paintings on Glafe of the two Founders, It ftands FOR OXFORD. (lands on the South Side of the firft Quadrangle. In the Center of which is a Statue of Cain and Abel. Through a Paflage on the Left-hand of the. Gate of the firft Quadrangle we enter the fecond. This is a more modern Structure, and is fuppofed to have fallen from the Hands of that great Architect Sir Chrifto- pher Wren. A Cloyfter with the Library over it forms the Eaft Side ; the Chapel the South. The Library has lately been very completely fitted up with neat Cafes for the Books, and a moft elegant Ceiling. The Chapel has a neatnefs and fimplicity becoming the Houfe of God. If thefe may be con- fidered as the Parents of Beauty, this Edifice has very ftrong pretenfions to it. The Eaft Window is from a Painting of the celebrated Mr. Mortimer, and is very finely executed. The Ante-Chapel has an elegant Monument to the Memory of the late Principal Dr. Shippen, who during his prefiding over the College had the utmoft regard to it's Intereft. His Buft gives the ftrongeft Features of his Face. The Foundation of this College is for a Principal, twenty Fellows, thirty-two Scholars, and four Exhi- bitioners. The Number of Members at prefent is near IOCK Vifitor. The Bifhop of Lincoln. HERTFORD COLLEGE IS fituated oppofite to the Gate of the Public Schools, confiding of one Court, which about feventy years ago was begun to be rebuilt. The Col-, lege is intended to be erected in the form of a Qua-, drangle, to confift of four Angles, and four inter- mediate Buildings; each Angle to coiifift of three Stair-cafes NEW COMPANION Stair-cafes and fifteen firigle Apartments ; every Apart- ment to contain an outward Room, a Bed- place, and a. Study. Of thefe the Scuth Eaft Angle, and the Chapel in the South, the Principal's Lodgings in the Eair, the- Hall in the North, and the Gateway (with the Library over it) in- the Weft, are already finifhed, agreeable to the Plan of the Oxford Almanack for the year 1747. Hertford or Hart Hall, an Ancbnt Houfc of Learn- ing, was an Appendant to Exeter College. But having received an Endowment in Part, was, (at the Requelt of Dr. Richard Newton, then Principal, who endowed the Senior Fellowships) incorporated Sept. 8, 1740: And, though it is now {tiled Hertford College, it may be called by the Name of any other Perfon who will complete the endowment of it, or become the Principal Benefactor to it. This College confifts of a Principal, two fenior Fel- lows or Tutors, junior Fellows or Afliftants, Under- graduate Students, and four Shclars, Vifitor. The Chancellor of the Univerfityv NEW COLLEGE. 4 NEW College is fituated Eaft of the Schools and! the Theatre, and is feparated from Queen's Col- lege only by a narrow Lane. It is dedicated to St- Mary Winton, and has been called New College from it's firft Foundation, being at that time highly regarded for it's extent and grandeur* We enter this College by a Portal,, leading into the firft Court, which is a Quadrangle of about 168 feet long, and 129 broad, with a Statue of Minerva in the Middle of it. This Court, as built at the Foundation of the College, was low, with narrow arched tranfom Windows, in the Fafhion of the Times t But foon after the Reftoration of King Charles IL another Story was FOR OXFORD, 45 added over the old Building, and the Windows altered to their prefent Form. The magnificent Gothic Build- ing on the North Side is the Chapel and the Hall ; on the Eaft the Library; on the South the Fellows Apart- ments, and on the Weft the Warden's Lodgings, which are large and commodious, furnifhed with fome valu- able Portraits. In the North-weft Corner of the Court is the En- trance into the Chapel ; by much the grandeft in the Univerfity. The Form of it is like that at Magdalen College, but larger. The Ante-Chapel is fupported by two beautiful StafK-moulded Pillars, This Part is up- wards of 80 feet long, and 36 broad. As the Painted Windows of this Chapel make one of it's chief Ornaments, it will not be improper to "beftow on them a more particular Defcription. Of thofe there are four diftincT: Sorts. 1. All the Windows of the Ante-Chapel (the great one excepted) are nearly, if not quite, as old as the Chapel itfelf, and contain the Pourtraits of Patriarchs, Prophets, Saints, Martyrs, &c. to the number of 64, and 50 fmaller above them : Curious for their antiquity, .but for little elfe, being drawn without perfpective*, without the effect of light and fihade, and ill propor- tioned ; yet in thefe are fome remains which {hew the brilliancy of their colours, and fome traces of fimplicity and beauty ; particularly in the Heads of the female Figures in the Window on the right hand of the en- trance to the Chapel: 2 . Of theiecond fort are the Windows on the North Side of the Chapel. Thefe are done in the common modern ftyle by Mr* Peckitt of York, The three near- eft the Organ contain, in the lower range, the chief perfons recorded in the Old Teftament from Adam to Mofes; in the upper, twelve of the Prophets. Mr. Re- becca gave the defigns for thefe. The two other Win- dows contain our Saviour, the Virgin Mary, and the twelve Apoftles. 3. The 4 6 NEW COMPANION 3. The third fort are on the South Side of the Cha- pel, Thefe were originally Flemifh Windows ; and done (as it is reported) from defigns given by fome fcholars of Rubens. Being brought out of Flanders, they came into the profTemon of Price the fon, whofe fkill in Glafipainting is well known. Of him they were purchafed by the Gentlemen of the College, who alfo employed him to repair what injuries they had fuf- tained, and to fit them for the places where they now Hand, A. D. 1740. In each Window are eight Figures of Saints, Martyrs and Prelate?, with their refpedtive fymbols ; and for expreflion, colouring, and effect, they were efteemed equal, if not fuperior, to any painting executed on Glafs till the appearance of the fourth fort, of which we now come to fpeak. 4. The Weft Window of the Ante-Chapel. This great Window confifts of feven compartments in the lower range, each near three feet wide and twelve Jiigh. In thefe ftand feven allegorical Figures, repre- fenting the four Cardinal, and three Chriftian Virtues, in the manner following : Temperance, pouring water out of a larger veflel into a fmaller one. Her common attribute, the Bridle, lies at her feet. Fortitude, in armour; her hand refting on a bro- ken column, which though half deftroyed remains up- right j her form robuft, her look bold and refolute. A Lion, her attendant, couches below her. Faith, {landing fixedly on both feet, and bearing a Crofs, the fymbol of her belief : her eyes and hand raifed up to Heaven, On the other fide of the middle group (of which more hereafter) Hopf, looking toward the fame Hea- ven, and fpringing forward to it fo eagerly that her Feet fcarce touch the ground. Part of an Anchor, her attribute, is feen in the corner of her compartment. Justice, looking with a fteady and piercing eye through FOR OXFORD. 47 through the dark made which her arm cafts over her face : in her left hand the Steelyard ; a kind of balance lefs cumbrous, if not lei's vulgar than the fcales which are ufually given her. Her right hand fupports the fword. Prudlnce, beholding (as in a mirror) the actions and manners of others, for the purpofe of regulating her own by obfervation thereon. Upon her right arm an Arrow joined with a Remora, the refpective emblems of fwiftnefs and flownefs ; Prudence being a medium between them. The middle groupe, mentioned above, reprefents Charity, and deierves efpecial notice for the expref- fion of the Figures therein contained. The fondling of the Infant, the importunity of the Boy, and the placid affection of the Girl, together with the divided atten- tion of the Mother, arealldiftinguimably andjudicioufly marked with a knowledge of character for which the great Artift who gave this defign is fo juftly celebrated. Such are the Figures which fill the lower compart- ments; yet they are but a fubordinate part, and (as it were) a bafis to the fuperb v/ork erected over them. In a fpace ten feet v/ide and eighteen high is reprefented the Nativity of JESUS CHRIST: a compofition of thirteen human Figures beiides fome animals. 1 . The blefled Virgin, whcfe attention is wholly engaged with her Infant. 2. A groupe of Angels defcended into the ftable, and kneeling around him. The face of the leaft of thefe exhibits an idea of youthful beauty that per- haps was never furpalTed. 3. A company of Shepherds, whofe devotion and rude eagernefs to behold him are ftronglyexprefled. 4. St. Jofeph, looking on the fpecta- tors, and pointing to the Child, as to the promijed feed, the expectation and hope of all nations. 5. In the clouds above, an Angel contemplating the myftery of the Crofs y and near him a Scroll, whereon is written the original Greek of this text, Myjleries which the Angels them/elves defire to look into. 48 NEW COMPANION In this compofition the Painter has taken for his light that which is fiippofed to proceed from the body of the Infant : herein imitating a famous picture now preferved in the Gallery at Drefden, and krtown by the name of the Notte of Corregio.* f This beautiful idea has often been adopted, but never fojudicioufly applied as in this inftance ; where the fubftance on which the Infant is delineated being tranfparent, and the light actually paffing through him, his body thereby receives a higher glow ; and gives to the whole an appearance of reality* The remaining parts of this grand defign confift of groups of Shepherds and other perfons who are ap- proaching the Stable to pay their devotions to the new- born Saviour. Among thefe, .the Compartment nex: to the great Picture on the South contains the portraits of the two Artifls by whom this admirable work was exe- cuted ; viz Sir. J. Reynolds, and Mr. Jervais : the portrait of the latter, who is reprefented as looking up- wards, is efteemed a very fine and ftrong refemblance. For this work, which was begun about the year 1776, finifhed Cartoons were furnifhed by Sir Jofhua Reynolds, Thefe were copied by Mr. Jervais ; to whofe fldll the world is indebted for a new ftyle in Glafs-painting, which in beauty and truth of repre- ientation exceeds all that have hitherto been feen, as much as the common productions excel the firft rude attempts of the art. The Choir is 100 feet long, 35 broad, and 65 high. As we enter the inner Chapel the mo ft linking Object is the Altar-piece y the Painting whereof was done by our ingenious Countryman Mr. Henry Cook, who flourifhed about an hundred Years ago. It reprefents the Concave of a Semi -Rotunda in the Ionic Order> with a Cupola adorned with curious Mofaic Work y in -f A frnall copy of this picture is in the Collection at Chrift Church. which FOR OXFORD. 49 which the Eaft End of the Chapel feems to terminate. The Altar, which is partly built of Wood and partly painted, intercepting in fome degree the View, greatly favours the Deception ; particularly two large open Pan- nels in the lower Part thereof, which have a fine Effe£L In the upper Part of the Altar-piece is a Frame and Pannel, wherein is reprefented the Salutation of the Vir- gin Mary ; and above the Entablature hangs hovering a. beautiful Cloud with great Numbers of Angels and Cherubs in various attitudes waiting the return of the Angel Gabriel. The proper place to view it from to Advantage is the Entrace into the Choir, the Perfpedtive being contrived to anfwer that height and diftance. Over the Communion Table is an Original Painting of the celebrated Annibal Caracci, presented to this College by the Earl of Radnor. The Subjedfc of this Piece is the Shepherds coming to Chrifl: im- mediately after his Nativity. The Virgin, Angels, and Shepherds, are reprefented as jointly celebrating the Nativity in the divine- Hymn of u Glory to God irt the Higkefl) &c." The Compofition and Drawing is admirable. The Force and Spirit of the Shepherds is finely contrafted by the Elegance and Grace of the Vir- gin and attending Angels. On the North Side of the Chapel is preferved the Crofier of the Founder, which is ufually fhewn to Strangers $ a well -preferved Piece of Antiquity, and almoft the only one in the Kingdom. It is near feven Feet high, is of Silver gilt, finely embellifhed with 3 variety of ridrGothic Architecture. I Here is an admirable Organ built by Dolham # anil fince improved by Mr. Green. Cathedral Service is performed here twice every Day, viz. at Eight, except Wednefdays and Fridays, when they are at Eleven, and Five. This Chapel is efteemed one of the beft in En- gland for Mufic ; which probably is owing to its be- ing fpacious, and having no Breaks to divide the C Sounds » 50 NEW COMPANION Sounds. Adjoining to the Chapel is a Cloyfter, oit the North Side of which is a Tower with a Peal of | Ten Bells. The Hall is at the North-eaft Corner of the Qua- drangle. It is handfomely wainfcotted, and adorned with the Portraits of the Founder William of Wyke- ham, William of Wainfleet the Founder of Magdalen College who was Schoolmafter of Winchefter Col- lege in the time of Henry VI. and Archbifhop Chi- i chele the Founder of All-Souls, a Fellow of this Col- lege in Wykeham's Life-time. The Library (fituated on the Eaft Side of the Quadrangle) confifts of two elegant Rooms, one over i the other, 70 feet long and 22 broad ; both of them well furnifhed with Books, and in the Library are fome valuable Manufcripts. From hence we pafs through the middle Gate into \ the Garden-Court, which widens by Breaks as we approach the Garden. This Court is feparated from the Garden, by an Iron Gate and Palifade, which ex- tend 130 feet in Length and admit of an agreeable Prolpea: of the Garden through them. In the Garden is a beautiful Mount well difpofed, and covered with a thick Shrubbery. Great Part of the Garden, as well as fome Parts of the College, is encompalTed by the City Wall, which ferves as a Fence, and is to be traced with its Battlements and Baftions along the North and South Boundaries of the College. At the South-eaft Corner of the Garden we enter i the Bowling-Green, which is neat and commodi- 1 ous. Oppofite to the Entrance is a Pavilion ; on the right Flowering Shrubs, and a Row of Elms to (hade the Green s and on the left a Row of Sycamores, which ; are a great Curiofity, being nearly incorporated from one End of the Row to the other. Having conduced our Reader to the furtheft part of : .the College, we would recommend a View of the Building; FOR OXFORD. Building from the Garden, from whence the lower Court has a very grand EfFe&, as from thence the Wings appear properly difplayed, and the whole is feen at a convenient Diftance. The Perfpedtive View annexed was taken from the Mount. This College was founded by William de Wykeham^ a Native of Wykeham in Hampfhire, from whence he obtained the Name of Wykeham. His extraordinary In- tegrity recommended him to the higheft Truft and Fa- vours of King Edward the Third. When young he was employed by that King in moft of the ^Buildings at that Time carried on by the Crown, particularly in the rebuilding Windfor Caftle in the magnificent Form in which it now appears. He was foon advanced to fome of the moft confiderable Preferments in the Church, and in 1366 was confecrated Bifhop of Win- chefter, in the 43d Year of his Age. His Advancement in the State kept Pace with his Preferment in the Church. He was conftituted Chancellor of England, Sept. 17, 1367. Froiflart fays of Wykeham, that he was fo much in Favour with King Edward the IIL that every thing was done by him* and nothing was done without him. His Munificence proceeded always from a conftant generous Principle, a true fpirit of Liberality. I The Foundation Stone was laid March 5th, 1379,. and it was finiflied on April 14, 1386, when the War* den and Fellows took Pofleffion of it. In the Year fol- lowing, St.Mary's College near Winchefter was begun, and was finifhed and inhabited in the Year 1393, by a Warden, ten Fellows, three Chaplains, three Clerks, and fixteen Chorifters j as alfo two Matters, and feventy Boys, out of whom a certain Number were to be annually elected as a Supply to New College, Both which Colleges this pious and munificent Founder faw compleated, making ample Provifion for the Support of each, and giving them a regular and perfect Body of Statutes, And having furvived many Years, he en- C 2 larged NEW COMPANION larged his Will with coftly Legacies of Jewels, Plate, Money, and Books, to be diftributed throughout the feveral Diocefes in which he was preferred, or had temporal Pofleflions, at his Deceafe. He died Sept. 27. 1404, when he was 80 years of Age. Wykeham's pious Example has occafioned many eminent Perfons, chiefly fuch has had been Fellows of the Society, to be confi- derable Benefa&ors to his munificent Foundations The Univerfity Sermon is preached here on Lady- Day and Trinity Sunday in the Chapel. The prefent Members are the Warden, feventy Fel- lows, ten Chaplains, three Clerks, one Sexton, fixteen Chorifters ; together with feveral Gentlemen Com- moners. Vifitor. The Biftiop of Winchefter. W AD HAM COLLEGE. THIS College is fituated North of the Public Schools and Printing-Houfe; it's Front facing the Gardens of Trinity College. It confifts chiefly of one large Quadrangle, about 130 Feet fquare. The Portico, which leads to the Hall, is adorned with ; the Statues of King James I. and Nicholas and Dorothy Wadhani the Founders. The Buildings of this College not having undergone any Alteration iince the Time of the Foundation, it has a Regularity and Uniformity above the reft. The Hall is a fpacious Gothic Room, at the South- eaft Angle of the Great Court; and the Library ftands on the haft of the Hail The Chapel is a fpacious Edifice, at the North-eaft Angle of the fame Court, atid has that venerable Ap- pearance fo remarkable in the Chapels at New-College and Magdalen, having the Ante-Chapel at right Angles with the Choir, What is moft admired here is a very FOR OXFORD. large Window at the Eaft End, of the Paffion of our Saviour by Van Ling, wherein are a great Variety of Figures admirably done. The Windows on the Sides feem to be of the fameWorkmanfliip; but the greateft Curiofity in this Chapel is the Painted Cloth, if it may be fo called, at the lower Part of the Altar. It is the only Work of it's Kind at prefent in Oxford. The Cloth, which is of an Afh Colour, is the Medium j the Lines and Shades are done with a brown Crayon, and the Lights with a white one; which being afrerwarcs prefled with hot Irons, caufing the damp of the Cloth to incorporate with the Colours, has fo fixed them, as to be rendered Proof againft a Brufh when ufed to cleanfe it from Duft : It was performed by Ifaac Fuller, who painted the Altar-piece at Magdalen College, and it is generally allowed to be a mafterly Drawing. The Eaft reprefents the Lord's Supper ; the North Abraham and Melchifedeck ; and the South the Children of lfraei gathering Manna. This College was defigned by Nicholas Wadham, Efq ; and built in Purfuance of his Will, by Dorothy his Widow, Anno 1613, who appointed a Warden, 15 Fellows, 15 Scholars, two Chaplains, and two Clerks j the Warden to be a Native of Great Britain. The Fel- lows, after having completed Eighteen Years from their Regency, to refign their Fellowihips. The Scholars, out of whom the Fellows are to be chofen, to be taken three out of Somerfetfhire, and three out of EfTex ; the reft out of any County in Great Britain. The moft confiderable Benefa&or fince the Foun- der, was John Goodridge, M. A. fometime Fellow of this College, who gave all his Eftate at Walthamftow in Eflex to this Society. Dr. Hoddy added ten Exhi- bitions, four for Students in Hebrew, and fix for Greek, 10/. a Year to each. Lord Wyndham 2000/. of which 1500/. to increafe the Warden's Salary, and 50b/. to beautify and repair the College. Bifhop Li fie, the late C 3 Warde% 54 NEW COMPANION Warden, gave two Exhibitions of \oLper Ann. each* The prefent Members of this Society are the War- den, 1 5 Fellows, 2 Chaplains, 15 Scholars, twoClerkr, and 16 Exhibitioners ; the whole Number of Students being ufually about 60. Vifitor. The Bifhop of Bath and Wells. TRINITY COLLEGE. THE Avenue to Trinity College, which has been lately widened fo as to exhibit the whole Front of the Chapel towards the Street, and ornamented with a Clock, is fenced by an Iron Palifade, with folding Gates. The Front of the College confifts of the Chapel and Gateway, with its beautiful Tower. In the firft Court are the Chapel, Hall, Prefident's Lodgings and Library. The great Elegance of the Chapel refults from an Afiemblage of high finiftied Ornaments. The Carv- ings of the Screen and Altar-piece, which are of Ce- dar, are very Mafterly. The exquifite Feftoons at the Altar Ihew the Mafterly Hand of that eminent Artift Mr. Guibbons. In the midft of the Ceiling, which is covered with a beautiful Stucco, is an Afcenfion, which is executed in good Tafte, by Peter Berchett, an emi- nent French Painter. On the North Side of the Altar t under an Alcove, is a Tomb, on which are the Figures of the Founder and his Lady. The Hall is fpacious and well-proportioned, and adorned with Portraits of the Founder and his Lady ; and of three Prefidents of the College, viz. Drs Ket- tle, Bathurft, and Sykes. Over the Chimney Piece are the Arms of Queen Mary and King Philip. In the Library Windows are feveral Compartments of fine old Painted Glafs, much injured in former Times. The Painted Glafs in the original Chapel of this FOR OXFORD, 55 this College, which is reported to have been remark- ably beautiful, was entirely deftroyed by that Spirit of facrilegous Zeal fo wantonly exercifed by the Sons of Fanaticism in the Time of the Ufurpation. The fecond Court, planned by Sir Chriftopher Wren, was one of the firft Pieces of modern Architec- ture which appeared in the Univerfity. It confifts of three Sides, the North and Weft of which are intend- ed to be raifed and firrifhed in the manner with that on the South. The Opening to the Gardens, on the Eaft, has an agreeable Effedt. The Gardens are extenfive, and laid out in two Di- vifions. The firft, or larger Divifion, is thrown into open Grafs -plots. The North W all is covered with a Yew Hedge. The center Walk is terminated by a well- wrought Iron Gate, with the Founder's Arms at the Top, fupported by two Piers. The Southern Divifion is a pleafmg Solitude, confifting of ftiady Walks, with a Wildernefs of flowering Shrubs, and difpofed into Terpentine Paths. This College was founded March 8, 1594, by Sir Thomas Pope, Knight, of Tittenhanger, in Hertford- lhire, Privy- Counfellor to Queen Mary, and a fingular Friend to Sir Thomas More, for the Maintenance and Education of a Prefident, twelve Fellows, and twelve Scholars. The Founder directs, that the Scholars, who fucceed to the Fellowfliips, fhall be chofen from his Manors : But if no candidates appear under fuch Qua- lifications on the Day of Ele&ion, that they fhall be fapplied from any County in England. He alfo appoints that no more than two Natives of the fame County fhall be Fellows of his College at the fame Time, Oxfordlhire excepted, from which County five are permitted. The principal, and almoft only Benefa&or, was Dr. Ralph Bathurft, formerly Prefident, who expended 1 900/. in rebuilding the Chapeh C 4 This 56 NEW COMPANION This College confifts of aPrefident, iaFellows, and 12 Scholars. Thefe, with the other Members, Gentle- ;menCommoners,Commoners,&c. amountto above 60, Vifitor. The Bifliop of Winche&er. BAL.LIOL COLLEGE. ALLI O L College is fituated to the Weft of Tri- nity, and confifts chiefly of one Court, which we enter by a Gothic Gate. The Buildings about this Court are ancient, except the Eaft End, which is finifhed in the Manner in which the reft of that Quad- rangle may be built. The Chapel ftands at the North-eaft Angle of the great Court. The great Eaft Window, which is well executed, reprefents the Paflion, Refurre&ion, and Af- cenfion of Chrift. The Hall is at the Weft End of the fame Court. In the Mafter's Lodgings are fome good Rooms, particularly a fpacious Hall, having a well preferved ancient Window to the Eaft. Their Library is well furnifhed with a very large Collection of ufeful Books, and many ancient Manufcripts. Over the Gate of the College are the Arms of the Balliol Family And on the Outfide, overagainft the Mafter's Lodg- ings, was a Stone placed in Memory of thofe learned and pious Prelates, Archbifhop Cranmer, Bifliop Rid- ley, and Bifhop Latimer, who were burnt at that Place for their Adherence to the Reformation ; which has not been vifible fince the City has been paved in its prefent Form. Befides this Court, there is an Area to the North- weft, confifting of feveral detached Lodgings for the Students ; and an elegant new Building, rather refem- hling a modern Dwelling-houfe, with a beautiful Front to the Street, erected at the Expenfe of Mr, Fifher, late FOR OXFORD. 57 late Fellow of this Society, in which are feveral hand- fome Apartments. This Infcription is on the North Side, by Defire of the Founder: VERBUM NON AMPL1US FISHER. Sir John Balliol, of Bernard Caftle in Yorkfliire, Father of John Balliol, King of Scotland, firft defigned the Foundation of this College for the Education of Scholars, to whom he gave yearly Exhibitions ; but dying before he purchafed Land, he recommended the Defign to his Widow Devorguilla, Daughter of Alex- ander Hi. King of Scotland, who firft fettled thefe Exhibitions ; and in 1284 purchafed a Tenement for her Scholars of Balliol^ and conveyed it to the Mafters and Scholars of this Houfe for ever for their Habita- tion, having obtained a Royal Charter for that Pur- pofe. She afterwards added feveral new Buildings to it, and fettled Lands for the Maintenance of the Scholars, dedicating her Foundation to the Honour of the Holy Trinity, the Blefled Virgin and St. Katherine the Martyr; _which Benefactions were afterwards ratified by her Son John Balliol, King of Scotland, and Oliver Bifhop of Lincoln, in whofe Diocefe Oxford then was. The Value of the Lands and Revenues, belonging to this College, did not exceed 27/. 9/. 4^/. per Ann. at that Time •> but their Eftates were foon after greatly enlarged by the Benefactions of others, particularly Sir Philip Somerville. Dr. John Warner, Bifliop of Rochefter, founded four Scotifh Exhibitions, endow- ing them with a Revenue, which has fince beer; aug- mented by John Snell, Efq, The Members of this Society nre at prefent a Maf- ter, twelve Fellows, fourteen Scholars, and eighteen Exhibitioners ; the whole Number of Students amount- ing to about 60. The Mailers and Fellows elect their Vifitor, who at preheat is the Archbilhop of York, C : s ST. JOHN'S 5S NEW COMPANION ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE IS fituated North of Balliol and Trinity Col- leges, having a Terras, with a Row of lofty Elms before it. The Buildings of this College chiefly confift of two large Quadrangles. We enter the firft by a hand- fome old Gateway with a Tower over it. It is formed by the Hall and Chapel on the North, the Prefident's Lodgings on the Eaft, and the Chambers of the Fel- lows, Scholars, and other Students, on the South an t Weft Sides* The Hall is elegant, being well propor- tioned, and handfomely wainfcotted, with a beautiful arched Roof, a Screen of Portland Stone, and a grand variegated Marble Chimney -piece, containing a Picture of St. John the Baptift, by Titian. It is likewife adorn- ed with many other Pidtures ; viz. at the upper End, by a whole length Portrait of the Founder; on his Right-hand Archbifhop Laud, and on his Left Arch- bifliop Juxon. On the North and South Sides of the Rooni are thofe of Bilhop Mew, Biihop Buckridge, Sir William Paddy, and other eminent Men who have been Members of, and Benefactors to, this Society. The Chapel, which is adjoining to the Hall, is in all refpe&s neat and commodious. It is divided from the Ante-Chapel by a new elegant Screen, over which has been erefted a Very cortiplete new Organ. It has now an Elegance which refuks from feveral high finifhed, yet fimple Ornaments. In particular the Stand on which the Bible is placed is adorned with Mafterly Carving. The Altar is of the Corinthian Order, and very properly adapted. Over the Communion Table is a fine Piece of Tapeftry^reprefenting our Saviour with the two Difciples at Emmaus, copied from a Painting of Titian. The Dog fnarling at the Cat under the Ta- ble, cannot be overlooked. Nor will the curious ob- ferver be at mUch Lq/s, by the ftriking Likeneffes in FOR O X F ORD, 59 the four Figures, in difcovering they are the then Pope, Kings of France and Spain, and Titian, in the Charac- ters of our Saviour, his Difciples, and Servant. On the North Side of the Choir, in a Marble Urn, inclofed in a Silver Veilel, is the Heart of Dr. Richard Rawlin- fon. In this Chapel Cathedral Service is performed twice a Day, at Eleven and Five. Through a Paflage on the Eaft Side of the firft Qua- drangle we enter the fecond ; on the Eaft and Weft Sides whereof are handfome Piazzas in the Grecian Tafte, each Column confifting of one fingle bluifh Stone, dug from a Part of the College Eftate near Fi* field in Berkfhire. In the Center of each Piazza is a magnificent Gateway, confifting principally of two Orders. I. The Doric, which forms the Gateway itfelf, agreeable to that of thePiazzas. 2* The Ionic > which fupports a femicircular Pediment. Between four of thefe Columns, viz* two on each Side, in a Niche, is a Brafs Statue ; that on the Eaft of King Charles L and that on the Weft of his Queen, eaft by Fanelli of Florence. That neither of the Greek orders might be wanting, the 3d, viz. the Corinthian, is very artfully introduced in the Conftru&ion of the Niche. The whole is richly embellimed, and is the Defign Of that celebrated Architect Inigo Jones* The Library includes the upper Story of the South and Eaft Sides* The South Side is well ftored with printed Books in all Faculties, regularly difpofed. The Eaft with a moft valuable Collection of IVJanufcripts : in which the Book cafes adhering to the Sides, form a fpacious Gallery* Here are fome valuable Curiolities,, vviz. the Picture of King Charles I. which has the whole Book of Pfalms written in the Lines of the Face and on the Hairs of the Head : A very beautiful and fin- gular Pi&ure of S t. John^lain'd in a Competition, which has the Appearance of Poliftied Marble : Some curious MiiTals, A Chinefe Dictionary 5 and on the Eaft Win- C 6 daw 60 NEW COMPANION dow in elegant painted Glafs are the Arms of the Founder, the Company of Merchant Taylors, and ieveral other Benefailors to the College, The Gardens are very extenfive, and laid out with all thofe Graces which arife from a fucceffion of Beau- ties fo difpofed as to ftrike us gradually and unexpect- edly. The Celebrated Mr. Browne, by removing a few embarraffing, overgrown Chefnut Trees, has fo changed the Afpeft of this Garden, that few can at prefent vie with it. This College was founded by Sir Thomas White, Alderman and Merchant -Taylor of London; who af- terwards, Anno 1557, endowed it with feveral confider- able Manors, and at his Death bequeathed the Sum of 3000/. to purchafe Lands to increafe the Revenues of it. He originally defigned Merchant -Taylors School in London as the only Seminary for this College ; but being of a more Public Spirit than to confine himfelf to any one Place, he allowed two Fellowfhips to the City of Coventry, two to Briftol v two alfo to the Town of Reading, and one to Tunbridge. The molt confiderable Benefactors fince have been Sir William Paddy, who founded and endowed the Choir, and built that Side of the New Quadrangle, of which the Library is a Part ; Archbifhop Laud, who at the Expenfe of above 5000/. (exclufive of 400/. for the Statues of the King and Queen) added the other three Sides \ Archbifhop Juxon, who gave 7000/. to this College ; Dr. Gibbons, who bequeathed the per- petual Advowfon of the Living of Baynton in York- lhire, and 100c/. to buy Books; Dr. Holmes, the late worthy Prefident, with his Lady, who gave 15000/. to augment the Salaries of the Officers, and other Ufes ; and Dr. Rawlinfon, who bequeathed the Reverfion of an Efiate in Fee-farm Rents. The Prefent Members are a Prefident, fifty Fellows, iwo Chaplains, aa Organift, five Singing-men, fix Chorifters, FOR OXFORD. 61 Chorifters, and two Sextons. The Number of Stu- dents of all Sorts being ulually about feventy. Vifitor. The Bifliop of Winchefter. WORCESTER COLLEGE. WORCESTER College is pleafantly fituated on an Eminence, juft above the c iver ifis and the Meadows, at the Extremity of the Weftern Suburb. At entering the College, we have the Cha- pel and Hall on each Side, both of which are 29 Feet in Breadth, and 50 in Length. The Library, which is a magnificent Ionic Edifice, cm the Weft of the Chapel and Hall, is 100 Feet in Length, fupported by a fpaci- ous Cloyfter. It is furnimed with a valuable Collec- tion of Books, chiefly the Library of Dr. Clarke, iate Fellow of All- Soul's College; in which is Inigo Jones's Palladio, with his own Manufcript Notes. According to the Plan propofed, this College is to confift of the Chambers of the Fellows and Scholars on the North and South, and the Gardens, which are to lie 011 a Defcent to the River, on the Weft. The Apartment of the Provoft is at the North-weft Angle. From whence this College will enjoy not only the pleafanteft Situation, but be one of the moft elegant Structures in the Univerfity, efpecially if the Society carry their De- fign into execution of opening an Avenue from the College to Magdalen Partfh Church. The College was founded Anno 1 7 14, by Sir Thomas Cookes, for a Provoft, fix Fellows, ^nd fix Scholars. Dr. Finney farther endowed it with two Fellowfhips and two Scholarftiips for Students from ^taffordfhire. Dr. Clarke founded fix Fellowfhips and three Scholar- ftiips, with a Preference to Clergymen's Sons. And Mrs. Eaton, daughter to Dr. Eaton, Principal of Glocefter Hall, founded fix Fellowftiips. Lady Hol- ford gave two Exhibitions of 20/. a Year each, for Chartsr-houfe Scholars, to be enjoyed Eight Years. This 62 NEW COMPANION This Houfe was formerly called Glocefter College, being a Seminary for educating the Novices of Glocef- ter Monaftery. It was founded A.D. 1283, by John Giffard, Baron of Brimsfield. When fuppreffed, at the Reformation, it was converted into a Palace for the Bifliop of Oxford -> but was foon afterwards erected into an Academical Hall, by Sir Thomas White, the Foun- der of St. John's College ; in which State it continued, 'till it received a Charter of Incorporation and an En- dowment from Sir Thomas Cookes. Here are a Provoft, twenty Fellows, feventeen Scholars, 6cc. The whole Number about fifty. Vifitor. The Chancellor of the Univerfity. EXETER COLLEGE. THIS College is fituated oppofite Jefus College, the Front whereof is 220 Feet long ; in the Center of which is a magnificent Gate and Tower, The Compofition of each Front (viz., that towards the Street and that towards the Quadrangle) is a Ruftic Bafement which forms the Gateway ; a Plinth, where- upon are placed four Pilafters of the Ionic Order, fup- porting a femicircular Pediment, in the Area of which are the Founder's Arms 012 a Shield adorned with Fef- toons, finifhing with a Bakiftrade above all. This, with the beautiful arched Roof of the Gateway, is juftly efteemed an elegant Piece of Workmanfhip. The Building within chiefly confifts of a large Quadrangle, formed by the Hall, the Chapel, the Redlor's Lodg- ings, and the Chambers of the Fellows and Scholars, and is regular and uniform. The Gardens are neatly difpofed, and though with- in the Town, have an airy and pleafant Opening to the Eaft, and a Terrace y from whence we have a View of fome of the fineft Buildings in the Univerfity. The Library is well furnifhed with Books in the feveral Arts and Sciences 5 and a very valuable Col- lection FOR OXFORD, 63 foSion of Claffics, given by Edward Richards, Efquire. Walter Stapledon,Bifhop of Exeter, Lord Treafurer of England, and Secretary of State to King Edward II. 1316, obtained a Charter for founding a College where Hertford College now Hands ; but wanting room for the Buildings he defigned, he removed his Scholars to the prefent Houfe, and gave it the Name of Staple- don-Hall, after his own Name. He founded a Society confiftrng of Thirteen, r. e. A Redtor and twelve Fel- lows ; one of whom, the Chaplain, to be appointed by the Dean and Chapter of Exeter ; eight to be ele&ed out of the Archdeaconries of Exeter, Totnes, and Barnftaple in Devonfhire, and four from the Arch- deaconry of Cornwall. Among the fubfequent Benefa&ors was Edmond Stafford, Bifhop of Exeter, who obtained Leave to alter the Name of this Houfe, and fettled two Fellowfhips for the Diocefe of Sarum. Sir William Petre in Queen Elizabeth's Time obtained a new Charter and Statutes, founded eight Fellowmips for fuch Counties wherever he then had, or his Heirs at any Time after mould have Eftates ; which by this Time comprehends moft of the Counties in England. King Charles I. added one Fellowfhip for the Iflands of Jerfey and Guernfey, And by Mrs. Shters r s Benefaction, as completed and fettled by Dr. Hugh Shortrige, two other Fellowfhips v/ere added, confined to the Counties of Hertford and Surrey; befides confiderable Augmentations to the Revenues of the Society. The laft BenefaCtor was the learned Mr. Jofeph Sanford, of Balliol College, who" gave this Society his very valuable Library; for the Reception of which they in the Year 1781, ereiled a neat modern Edifice in a Part of their Garden near their former Library. The prefent Members are a Re&or, 25 Fellow?, one Scholar, who is Bible Clerk, andtv/o Exhibitio- ners. The whole Number of Members about feventy, Vifitor. The Bifhop of Exeter, 64 NEW COMPANION JESUS COLLEGE. THE Front of this College is beautified and improved by a very handfome Ruftic Gate-way, and other Additions. In the firft 'Jourt the Chapel on the North Side, and Hall on the Weft, are neat well proportioned Rooms, the latter having within thefe few Years been much improved by the Addition of a Cieling and other Or- naments by Mr. Roberts. The nner Court has three Sides uniformly and neatly Built (the Hall before-mentioned making the fourth Side of this Quadrangle) and on the Weft Side of it over the Common Room, &c. is a fpacious well furniihsd Library. In the Principal's Lodgings is a fine Pidture of King Charles I. at full Length, by Vandyke ; and in the Li- brary a half Length of King Charles II. and fome origi- nal Pieces of Dr. Hugh Price, by Holben, Dr. Manfell, Sir Leoline Jenkins, &c. Benefactors to this College. Other Curiofities in this College are, i . a moft magnificent Piece of Plate, the Gift of the late Sir W at- kin Williams Wynn, Bart, for the Ufe of the Fellows Common Room. And 2. the Statutes of the College beautifully written upon Vellum, by the late Mr. Parry of Shipfton upon S tour, formerly fellow of this College. This College v/as founded by Queen Elizabeth, by Charter bearing Date the 27th of June, 157 1, for a Principal, eight Fellows, and eight Scholars. The Queen, at the Requeft of Hugh Price, LL. D. a Na- tive of Brecknock, and Treafurer of the Church of St. David's, granted her Royal Charter of Foundation, and a certain religious Houfe or Cell called Whitehall, (which before the Diflblution of Monafteries belonged to the Priory of St. Fndefwide) for the Site of the College, together with fuch Timber and other Mate- rials as fhould be wanting for the building of it, out ©f ber Majefty's Foreib of Shotover and Stowe. FOR OXFORD. 65 The firft Endowment of this College was by Dr. Hugh Price abovementioned, who, by Deed bearing Date the laft Day of the laid Month of June, 1 571, conveyed to the College by the Stile and Title of The Principal^ Fellows and Scholars ofjefus College, within the City and TJniverfity of Oxford, of Queen Elizabeth's Foundation, certain Lands, Mefliiages and Tenements in the County of Brecknock, of the Value of about 160 /, per Annum for the Maintenance and Support of a Principal, eight Fellows, and eight Scholars, being the Number limited in the Original Charter of Foun- dation ; though by Charters fince granted at different Times, and the Munificence of fubfequent Benefac- tors, the Number of Fellows and Scholars is now more than doubled. Theprincipal Benefactors after Dr. HughPrice,who may in fome Meafure be called the Founder of this originally little Society, were, SirEubuleThelwal, Kt. Principal of the College, who, befides his Contribu- tions towards the Buildings, carried on under his Di- rection, increafed the Number of Fellows from eight to fixteen ; Dr. Francis Manfell, who was thrice Principal; Sir Leoline Jenkins; King Charles I. Dr. Griffith Lloyd, and many others. The Society now confifts of a Principal, 19 Fellows and 18 Scholars, befides a confiderable Number of Exhibitioners, in all eighty or ninety. Vifitor. The Earl of Pembroke. LINCOLN COLLEGE. IS fituated between All-Saints Church and Ex- eter College. It confifts of two Courts. The firft, which we enter under a Tower, is formed by the Rector's Lodgings on the South-Eaft Angle, the Li- brary and Common Room on the North, and Refec- tory on the Eaft, the Sides of which are 80 Feet each. The 66 NEW COMPANION The Inner or South Court has alfo a Gate into the Street ; | and is a Square likewife, but lefs than the other, being 70 Feet each Way. The Hall is a handfome Edifice about 40 Feet long, 25 broad, and of a proportionable Height. It was new wainfcoted in 1701, chiefly by the Benefa&ion of the late Lord Crewe, Bimop of Durham, whofe Arms are placed over the Middle of the Screen, as are thofe of the reft of the Contributors over other Parts of the Wainfcot. T he Library is a very neat Room in the North Side of the Outer Court, over the Common Room. It has been new fitted up, fafhed and wainfcoted at the Ex- penfe of Sir Nathaniel Lloyd, Knt. fometime Com- moner of this College, and afterwards Fellow of All- Souls. It is well furniftied with Books, and there are in it fome ancient and valuable Manufcripts. There is a good Half-length Pidure of Bifhop Crewe , at the Weft end of it, and another of Sir Nathaniel Lloyd. But what is moft taken Notice of in this College, is their Chapel, which is fituated on the South Side of the Inner Court. The Screen of it is of Cedar, finely carved, and is mentioned by Dr. Plott as a great Curi- ofity. The Windows are entirely of Painted Glaf?, of which there is a large one over the Altar, and four lefler on each Side. In thofe of the South Side are the Figures of the Twelve Apoftles, three in each Win- dow, as large as Life. In the firft Window which is next the Altar, are Peter, Andrew, and James the Greater : In the 2d, John, Philip, and Bartholomew : In the 3d, Matthew, Thomas, and James the Lefs : In the 4th Jude, Simon, and Matthias. On the other Side over againft thefe, are the Fi- gures of twelve of the Prophets. In the firft Window, or next to the Altar> are David, Danielj and Elijah : FOR OXFORD. 6 7 t In the 2d, lfaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel : in the 3d, I Amos, Zechariah, and Malachi : In the 4th, Elifha, f Jonah, and Obadiah. The Eaft Window, which is over the Altar, contains I the Types and Anti-types of oirr Saviour. It is divided I into fix Partitions : In the fir ft, reckoning from the North, I is the Creation of Man in Paradife ; and over it the Na- t tivity of our Saviour. In the 2d, the Faffing of the If- i raelites through the Red Sea ; and over it, our Saviour's I Baptifm : In the 3d, the Jewilh Paffover ; and over it, the Inftitution of the Lord's Supper: In the 4th, the I Elevation of the Brazen Serpent in the Wildernefs ; and over it, our Saviour's Crucifixion : In the 5th, Jonas delivered out of the Whale's Belly ; and over it, our Saviour's Refurre&ion : In the 6th, Elijah going to 1 Heaven in the Fiery Chariot ; and over it, our Saviour's Afcenfion. The Cieling, which is of Cedar, is embellilhed with the Arms of the Founders and the Principal Benefactors ; intermixed with Cherubims, Palm-branches, Felloons, &x. beautifully painted and gilt. The Chapel was built in 1630, by Dr. John Williams ; ; at that time Bifhop of Lincoln, and afterwards Arch- bifhop of York ; of whom Memorials are to be feen irt feveral Places. This College was firfl founded by Richard Flemming, who was born of a good Family in Yorklhire. He was educated in this Univerfity, of which he was two Years Pro&or, being then Fellow of Univerfity College. In 1420, he was made Bimop of Lincoln by King Henry V. and died in 143 1. He obtained the Charter of In- corporation of King Henry VI. in the fixth Year of his Reign ; and in 1429 eftablilhed a College, confifting of a Reclor and {even Fellows, to whom he appropriated Stipends. In the Year 1478, Thomas Scott, alias Rotherham, then Bifliop of Lincoln, confidering the Imperfect State of this Foundation, obtained a new Charter of King Edward IV. by Virtue whereof, he added five other Fel- lowfhips 68 NEW COMPANION lowfliips to the feven before founded, annexed to the Co^ | lege two Rectories, and gave them a Body of Statutes, in which he limits the Choice of the Fellows to the Dio- cefes of Lincoln and York, all except one, whom he would have to be of the Diocefe of Wells. But a greater Benefadtor to this College was the Right Honourable Nathaniel Lord Crewe, late Biihop of Dur- ham, who being prefent in the Year 17 17, after contri- buting liberally to the Buildings which were then carrying on at Chrift Church, Queen's, Worcefter, and All-Souls Colleges, and to the nnifhing of All-Saints Church, fet- tled by Way of a Rent-Charge free from all Deductions whatfoever, iflumg out of his Manors in Northumber- land and Durham, t-veive Exhibitions of 20 A per An- num each, for Commoners of this College, whom he would have to be the Sons of Gentlemen - 9 and made a confiderable augmentation to the annual Stipends of the Rector, Fellows, Scholars, Bible Clerk, and the Chap- lains of the four appropriated Churches. The laft Benefa&or was the late Dr. Hutchins, who had been many Years Re&or, and who augmented the Incomes of the Scholars and Exhibitioners. The Members of this College are ufually between forty and fifty. Vifitor. The Bifhop of Lincoln. ORIEL COLLEGE. OR I E L College is fituated between St. Mary's Church on the North, Corpus Chrifti College on the South, and Chrift Church on the Weft; the En. trance is on the Weft. It chiefly confifts of one regular uniform and well built Quadrangle. Cn rhe North Side whereof is the Library and the Provoft's Lodgings, on the Eaft the HaH, and the Entrance into the Chape!, which runs Eaftward from thence ; and on the South and Weft Sides are the Chambers of the Fellows and other Students. Oj6pofite to the Great Gate we afcend by a large Flight of Steps, having a Portico over them, to the Hall j which il FOR OXFORD. is a well proportioned Room, handfomely wainfcoted, with a Doric Entablature, and adorned with threeWhole- length Portraits, viz. in the Middle, at trie Upper-end, a very fine one of King Edward II. enthroned with his Regalia, by Hudfon ; on his Right Hand, that of Queen Anne by Dahl : and on his Left, one of the late Duke of Beaufort, in his Parliament-robes, having a Negro Servant bearing his Coronet, by Soldi. The Chapel has that Beauty which is derived from a decent Simplicity: The large Eaft Window, The Wife Men offering, was painted by Mr. Peckett, from a Defign by the late Dr. Wall. Through a Paflage on the North Side, we enter the Garden Court, at the End of which is a neat Building, intended for the College Library, in which alfo will be placed the late Lord Lee's Library, given to the Society. On either Hand is a Wing of a new Building, in a Style conformble to the Quadrangle. That on the Right was built at the Expenfe of Dr. Robinfon, Bifhop of Lon- don ; and that on the Left by Dr. Carter, late Provoft. This College was founded by that learned Prince King Edward II. on Petition of Adam de Brcme his Almoner, Anno 1 324. who was the firft Provoft. King Edward III. gave the Large Mefluage of Le Oriel, fituate in St. John's Parifh, by which Name the College was afterwards cal- led, and from whence it has been frequently held to be a Royal Foundation. He Irlcewife gave the Hofpital of St. Bartholemew, near Oxford with the Lands thereunto belonging. Other Benefadors were John Frank, Mafter of the Rolls in the Reign of Henry VI. who gave 1000/. to this College to purchafe Lands for the Maintenance of four Fellows; John Carpenter, foimerly Provoft, and afterwards Bifhop of Worcefter; William Smith, Bifhop of Lincoln, and Dr. Richard Dudley, fometime Fellow, and afterwards Chancellor of the Church of Sarum, gave the College the Manor of Swainfwick in Sommer- fetfhire, for the Maintenance of two Fellows and fix Exhibitioners. Dr. John Tolfon, who was Provoft in 1640. 76 NEW COMPANION 1640, was the principal Benefactor to the prefent Edi- fice, to which Purpofe he gave 11 50/. and other con- fiderable Donations. Queen Anne annexed a Prebend of Rochefter to the Provoft for ever. Dr. Robinfon, Bi- ihop of London, befides the New Building, gave 2500/. to augment the Fellowfhips. And the late Duke of Beaufort gave 100L per Annum for four Exhibitioners. The prefent Members are a Provoft, eighteen Fel- lows, and fourteen Exhibitioners ; the whole Number of Students about eighty. Vifitor. The Lord Chancellor. CORPUS-CHRISTI COLLEGE. CORPUS-CHRISTI College ftands between Chrift- Church on the Weft, Merton College on the Eaft, and Oriel College on the North ; confiding of one Qua- drangle, an elegant Pile of Modern Buildings, erected in 1706 by Dr. Turner, who was Prefident of the Col- lege, in which are pleafant and Commodious Rooms which look into Merton and Chrift- Church Meadows, and a Cloyfter adjoining ; alfo a neat Structure which looks Eaftwards, towards Merton College Grove, which are the Apartments appropriated to Gentlemen Com- moners, vvhofe Number the Founder has confined to Six. On the Eaft Side of the Quadrangle is the Hall, which is 50 Feet long, and 25 broad* and of a proportionable Height, with beautiful Gothic Rafters. The Cylindrical Dial in the Quadrangle is fet at Right Angles with the Horizon, the Common Sections where- of, with the Hour Circles, except the Meridian Circle that divides it by the Axis, as alfo the Equinoctial, are all Ellipfes, and is a fine old Piece of Gnomonics. On the Column is a perpetual Kalendar. The Chapel, is 70 Feet in Length, and 25 in Breadth, the Altar-Piece and Screen are of Cedar. The Library is well furniftied with Books, particularly a large Collection of Tracts from the Reformation to the Revolution 5 about 300 MSS ; an Englilh Bible, fup- pofed FOR OXFORD. 7i pofed to be older than WiekHnVs ; a Parchment Roll containing the Pedigree of the Royal Family, and the fe- veral Branches of it, from King Alfred to Edward VI. with their Arms blazoned, ligned by the King at Arms ; and feveral other Curiofities, particularly an ancient Ma- nufcript Hiftory of the Bible in French, finely decorated with curious Painting, given by General Oglethorpe, who was a Member of this College ; and alfo a very va- luable Collection of the firft Editions of the Claffics. They mew here alfo the genuine Crofter of the Founder, a Piece of curious Workmanmip, little impaired by Time. This College was founded in the Year 15 16, by Dr. Richard Fox, a Native of Ropefley, near Grantham in Lincolnlhire, who was fucceffively Bifhop of the Sees of Exeter, Bath and Wells, Durham and Wincheller, and was like wife Lord Privy Seal to King Henry VII. and Henry VIII. He firft intended it only as a Seminary for the Monks of the Priory or Cathedral Church of St. S wi- thin at Winchefter, and obtained a Charter for that End; but altered his Mind by the perfuafion of Hugh Oldham, Bifhop of Exeter, who engaged to be a Benefa&or to the Houfe on condition that he would convert it into a College for the Ufe of fecular Students, after the Manner of other Colleges in the Univerfity : Whereupon Bifhop Fox cau- fedthe iirll Charter to be cancelled, and obtained another, whereby he was permitted to found a College for the Stu- dy of Divinity, Philofophy, and other liberal Arts. The Statutes for the Government of this Society ordain that the Fellows mould be elected out of the Scholars, who are to.be chofen from the Counties or Diocefes fol- lowing, viz. two Surry, three Hampfhire, one Durham, two Bath and Wells, two Exeter, two County of Lincoln, two Gloucefterlhire, one Wiltfhire, or (inDefecl: of a Can- didate) the Diocefe of Sarum, one County of Bedford, two County of Kent, one County of Oxford, one Lancalhire, Among the Benefactors was Hugh Oldham, Chaplain to Margaret Countefs of Richmond, and afterwards Bifliop of Exeter who gave feveral Eftates for the Endowment of it; William Froft, Sttward to the Founder; John Clay- mond ?z NEW COMPANION mond, the firft Prefident of this College ; and Robert Morwent, fecond Prefident, gave to the College feveral Portions of Lands. The prefent Members of this Society are a Prefident. 20 Fellows. 2 Chaplains, 20 Scholars, 4 Exhibitioners, and 6 Gentlemen Commoners. Vifitor. The Bifhop of Winchefter. MERTON COLLEGE. MERTON College is fituated Eaft of Corpus Chrifii, from which it is feparated by a fmall Grove of Elms, and confifts of three Courts. The largeft, or inner Court, is 110 Feet long, and 100 broad, and was erec- ted in 1 6 10, from whofe Appartments on the South there is a pleafant Profpect over the Meadows. The Terrace in the Gardens, formed on the City Wall, is no lefs well fituated for a Profpecl. The Gardens, by their pleafing Variety, are generally much reforted to in Summer. The Chapel, at the Weft End of the firft Court, is likewife the Parilh Church of St. John Baptift de Mer- ton. It is one of the largeft and beft proportioned Gothic Structures in the Univerlity, 100 Feet in Length and 30 in Breadth, and has a very capacious Tower, and Ante- Chapel. But large as it is at prefent, it has been thought from its whole Appearance, and from the Form and Man- ner of the Arches clofed up in the Wall of the Weft End, on each Hand of the great Window, to have been built with a View to a farther Addition of a Nave and Side- Aifles, the prefent Building being no more than the Choir, and Crofs- Aiile. Such a Defign was more eafy to be made than executed, and after all, moft likely reached no far- ther than the carrying on the Building, as far as it went, in the Cathedral Manner. In the Chapel are the Monuments of Sir Thomas Bod- ley, Sir -Henry Saville, gifhop Earle, and fome others. In the Ante-Chapel, by the North Door, is that of Mr. Anthony Wood the famous Antiquary. And near the Entrance into the Chapel is a very neat, though fmall one, for die late Warden Dr. Wyntle. FOR OXFORD. 73 In the Hall, to which we afcend by a flight of Steps, is a well-imagined Piclure, by the late Dr. Wall, reprefen- ting the Expulfion of idle Monks to make room for the liberal Education of Youth defigned by the Founder. The Library is in the fmall old Quadrangle, foirth of the Chapel, and is well furnifhed with ancient and mo- dern Books, and fome Manufcripts. This Society, conMing of a Warden and about the fa$ne .Number of Scholars or Fellows as at prefent, was firft pla^ ced at Maldon in Surrey, (but with a Provifion for the Abode and Residence of the chief Part of them here in Ox- ford) Anno 1 264* the 48th Year of King Henry the Third, by Walter de Merton, fometime Lord Chancellor of Eng- land. The lnltrument of Endowment, with the Statutes under the Broad Seal, the Founder's, the Biihop of the Diocefe's, and that of his Chapter, are at this time in the College Treafury, and deemed to be the firft Charter of the Kind in Europe. The Statutes were finally eftablifhed under the Broad Seal and his own, Anno 1274, the fecond of the Reign of King Edward the Firll. Such was the Original of this ancient Society, by thefe Charters, above five hundred Years fince, incorporated, and endowed with almoit. all the Lands they at this Time poifefs, and provided with the fame Statutes by which, without any Alteration or Addition, they are now governed. Thefe, by the Recourfe had to them, were of much Ufe to the After-Foundations both here and in Cambridge. And with fo much Prudence was this College founded, that King Edward the Firit. recommended it to Hugh de Balfam, Bifhop of Ely, as a model for his intended Mu- nificence in Cambridge, according to which Peter-Houfe, the firll College, was afterwards e reeled in thatUhiverfity. And farther, it is faid of the Founder of Merton College, .that though in reality he was the Founder of only one, by Example he* was the Founder of all other Colleges. The Poll-matters in this Houfe are of a diftincl: and dif- ferent Foundation, which took Place about ah hundred Years after the other. The Number, and their Revenues, kave been, fince increafed by feveral Benefaclors. D Befides NX W COMPANION rBeiidcs'the Poll Mailers, there are now four other , Scholars of the Foundation of Mr. Henry Jackfon, late I uof this 'College, which commenced in 1753. In the Election of a Warden, the Fellows choofe three j Perfons whom they prefent to their Vifitor, the Arch- bifhop of Canterbury, who appoints one of them. The prefent Members are a Warden, twenty four Fel- j -lows, fourteen Poft-Mafters, Mr. Jackfon!* four Scholars, \ two Chaplains, and two Clerks : the whole Number of Students of all Sorts being about eighty. Vifitor/ The Archbifhop of Canterbury. CHRIST CHURCH. THIS Church and College merits the particular* Obfervation of Strangers. It confifts of four Courts or Squares, viz. — 1, The great Quadrangle; 2. Peckwater Square ; 3. Canterbury Court ; 4. The Chaplain's Court 5 and fome other Buildings. The {lately Weft Front of the great Quadrangle is a magnificent Gothic Building, 382 Feet in Length, ter- minated at each End with two correfponding Turrets. The great Gate is in the Middle of this Front, and over it a beautiful Tower, enriched with Gothic Or- naments, defigned by Sir Chriftopher Wren, erecled by Dr. Fell, and perfectly correfponding to the Tafte of the reft of the Buildings. In this Tower hangs the great Bell called Tom, on the Sound of which the Scho- lars of the Univerhty are to retire to their refpe&ive Colleges. The Greatnefs of the Proportions in the Front, and the Magnificence of the Whole, raife the Admiration of every Spectator, and help him to form an Idea of the great Mind of Cardinal Wolsey. In this Quadrangle are the Statues of Queen Anne, Cardi- nal Woiiey, and Bilhop Fell ; that of the Cardinal, in the South ealt Corner, is juftly admired as an excellent Piece of Workmanfhip. The Great Quadrangle is 264 by 261 Feet in the Clear* FOR OXFORD. 75 Clear. The Hall takes up more than half the South Side ; weafcend to it by a ipacious and ftately Stair-cafe of Stone, coverd by a beautiful Roof and fupported by a fmall fm- gle Pillar of fine Proportion. This Building is confide- rably elevated, and the whole finifhed with a Baluftrade of Stone. The South, Eait, and Part of the Weil Sides, with the magnificent Kitchen to the South of the Hall, were t reded by the Cardinal. The Eaft and North Sides of this Quadrangle are taken up with the Dean's and four of the Canons' Lodging; • In the Year 1638, the North Side of the grand Qua- drangle was begun. On the Restoration, this Part of the. Building was relumed, by the Direction and Encourage- ment of Dr Fell, then Dean of the College; and finrlhed Anno 1665, when the fpacious Terrace- Walk was made, with theBafon, Fountain, and Statue of Mercury in the Centre. The Hall is by far the moll magnificent Room of ih<* kind in Oxford, and perhaps one of the largeir. in the Kingdom. The Roof is framed of Timber, curiouily wrought, and fo contrived as to produce a very grand and noble Effecl. There are near 300 Compartments in the Cornice, which are embellifhed with as many Coats of Arms carved and blazoned in their proper Colours. At the upper End of the Hall there is an Afcent of three Steps which run through the whole Breadth ; near which is a beautiful Gothic Window in a Reeds, which demands the attention of the Curious. This fuperb Room is beautified, and improved, by compleating and painting the Wainfcot and Roof, and the Addition of a great Number of Portraits of eminent Perfons, who were educated at the College, which difpofed in . the following Manner, 5> 2 Ovei- Over the High* Table.. Compton, Blihop of London. Corbet, Biihop of Norwich, / HENRY Vlir. a Full Length. King, Bp! Duppa, Bp j Cardinal 1 Fell, Bp j Morley, Bp 'Boulter, Abp ofLond. (ofWinton. [Wolfey. JofO'xon. j of Winton. ] of Armagh. Dr. Atterbury, Dean of Chrift Church. Dr. Aldrich Dean of Chrift Church. A Buft of his MAJESTY. On the South Side beginning at the lower End. Sir John Skinner, Chief Juftice of the Court of Exchequer. Agar, Abp of Cafhel Peter Martyr, Canon of Ch. Ch. Clavcring, Bp of Peterborough. Morton, Bp of Meath. Sir Gilbert Dolben. King, Bp Chichefter. Right. Hon. Geo. Grenville. i Tanner, Bimop of St. Afaph. Robinfon, Abp of Armagh.' Stone, Abp of Armagh. Efte, Bp of Waterford. Benfon, Bp Gloucefter. jBarrington, Bp of Saliiburya ABuft of Geo. ft. in Marble. Wake, Abp of Canterbury. Potter, Abp of Canterbury. Trevor, Bp of Durham. Markham, Abp of. York. Smalridge, Bp of Briftol. Over thefe. Sanderfon, Bp of Lincoln. Weftfaling, Bp of Hereford. Piers, Aba of York. JJeton, Bp of Ely. Howfon, Bp of Durham. Godwin, fen. Bp of Bath and Wells. On the North Side beginning at the upper End. Dolben, Abp of York. Sir J. Trelawney, Bp ofWinton. Wood, Bp of Litchfield and Cov. Gilbert, Abp of York, Drummond, Abp of York, ABuft of Geo. I. in Marble. Blackbourn, Abp of York. Cox, Abp of Camel. Hooper, Bp of Bath and Wells. Dr. Stratford, Canon of Ch. Ch. John Freind, M. D. Dr. Bufby, Maft. of Weft. School. Mr. Locke. Fuller, Bp of Lincoln. King, Bp of London, an Original. kr.Freind, Maft. of Weft. School. Hickman, Bp of Londonderry. Dr. Nicol, Canon of Ch. Ch. Gaftrel, Bp of Chefter. Dr. Sprat, Archdeacon of Rocheft. Sir J. Dolben, Preb. of Durham. Dr. Thomas Burton. Richard Frewin, M, D. Mr. Alfop. Dr. John-Pelling. Welbore Ellis, Efq; Lord Vifc. Stormont. Over thefe. Griffith, Bp of fit. Afaph Smith, Bp of Gloucefter. James, Bp of Durham, Ravis, Bp of London. Bancroft, Bp of Oxford. ' Matthews, Abp of York, Godwin, jun. BpofLandafF, Over the Screen , and on each Side, in the following Order. Ellis, BpofKildare. Lord Arlington. Boyle, Earl of Orrery. Barley, Earl of Oxford, Lord Mansfieid, Sir Dudley Carleton. COMPANION FOR OXFORD. 77 The Church of this College, which is the Cathedral of the Diocefe, is on the Eaft of the Grand Quadran- gle, a venerable Structure, originally the Church of St, Fridefwide's Monaftery. The Roof of the Choir is a beautiful Piece of Stone-work put up by Cardinal Wol- fey, who alio rebuilt the Steeple. The Eaft Window was painted by Mr. Price, fenior, of London, after a Defign of Sir James Thornhill, representing the Epi- phany, In the Dormitory, which is an Aifle on the North. Side of the Choir, is the Tomb of St. Fridefwide, who/ died A.D. 739. At the North Corner of the Weft End is a Window curioufly painted, reprefenting St. Peter delivered out of Prifon by the Angel : Befide the prin- cipal Figures, there are a confiderable Number of Ro- man Soldiers in various fleeping Attitudes, admirably well drawn : And, though a very fmall Portion of the Glafs is ftained, the Colours are brilliant, and the Whole appears' very lively. It was painted by J. Oli- ver, in his Eightieth Year, and given by him to the College in the Year 1700. In this and other Parts of the Church are fome Monuments, no lefs remarkable for their elegant Infcriptions than their beautiful Struc- ture. In the Aifle, South of the Choir, is a good Portrait in the firft Window of Robert King, who was the laft Abbot of Ofeney, and the firft Bifhop of Oxford* In the Tower are ten celebrated Bells, brought from Ofeney Abbey, as was the great Bell called Tom, abovementioned . In this Church, Choir Service is performed every Day at Ten and Five ; except on Sundays and Holi- days, when it is at Eight in the Morning. Three Sides of Peclcwater Court are uniform, d'efigned by Dr. Aldrich, then Dean, as eminent for his Skill in Architecture as for his Knowlege in moft other Branches. Each Side contains 15 Win- dows in Front. The lower Story is Ruftic, in which are three Entrances. The fecond Story, and the Attic D 3 above 7 8 NEW COMPANION above it arc contained in the Height of the Ionic Order, which refls upon the Ruftic. Over the five middle Win- dows in each Side is a beautiful Pediment, which pro- ject?, fupported by three-quarter Columns of the fame Order, as the Entablature and Balluftrade of the other Parts are by Pilafters. — On the fourth Side of thi& Court is a magnificent Library, 141 Feet long, built in the Corinthian Order, the Pillars of which are four Feet in Diameter. Underneath was intended a Piazza opening to the Square, w T ith feven Arches, and an Af- cent of three Steps running the whole Length of the Building. This Defign has been fince altered, for the more convenient Reception of the great colle&ion of Books belonging to the College. The Wainfcoting, Book-cafes, and Stucco Work, as well on the Stair- cafe as in the Rooms of the Library, are very highly tiniftied, particularly the beautiful Feftoons in Stucco, charged with fymbolical Imagery, feverally reprefent- ing the particular Branch of Literature contained be- neath. At each End are Marble Bulls, one of Dr. Boulter, late Primate of Ireland ; the other of Dr. Freind, late Matter of Weftminfter School. In the lower Apartments, both to the right and left, are de- posited the celebrated Collection of Pictures given to the College by General Guife 5 among which are fome from the Collection of King Charles X. A Portrait by Tit an. The Flight into Egypt by Guido Reni. The Family of the Caracci's reprefented in a Butcher's Shop, the moft celebrated Performance of Annibal Caracci. Two Nativities by Titian. Jefus and St. John embracing, by Raphael. A Nativity, by Raphael. The Fable of Lri<5thonius delivered to the Nymphs to be educated, by Xahator Roja. Venus and Cupid, by Titian. St. Francis in a Vifion, fupported by Angels, by Annihal Car raa i. An Hcce Homo by Ludjvico Carracu A Medufa's Head by Rubens. The Pale of an Altar, F O R O X FORD; $5 Altar, with Figures larger than the Life, by Corregio. Two Half-lengths of Women, by D anient chin o* In the lower Room alfo on the Right Hand is a Bun: of General Guife over the Door ; and on the Left is one of the Hon. and Rev* Dr. Trevor, late Bifhop of Durham \ and in the Entrance to the Stair-' Cafe are Bufts of the late eminent Phyficians Drs Frewin and Lee. Fronting the Stair Caie is an ele- gant Statue of Dr. Robinfon, the prefent Primate of Ireland : And upon a Pedeftal, in the Recefs on the North Side of the upper Apartment, is an admirable Statue of Mr. Locke, formerly Student of thisJHQulc, by Roubillac. Canterbury Court, once Canterbury College, is now moft elegantly rebuilt, from a Plan /uitable to Peck- water, with a fuperb Gateway, under the Direction of Mr. W yatt, by the munificence of the prefent Primate ot Ireland, and other Benefactors. The Chaplain's Court is fituated South-eaft of. the grand Quadrangle, on the North Side whereof is a large Building of new Chambers ; the W alls of which was the Hall or Refectory of St. Fridefwide's Priory. The Court of the Grammar School is South of the great Quadrangle, having the Hall on the North Side of it : Under Part of the Hall is the Spacious Common Room, in which over the Chimney-piece is an excellent Buft, by Ryfbrack, of Dr. Bufby, formerly Mafter of Weftminfter School, and a coniiderable Benefactor to the College. Round the Pvoom are the Pictures of feve- ral of the Matters of the fame School, and other emi- nent Members of the Society. On the South bide is the new Anatomical Theatre, erected and endowed by the late Dr. Lee, Phyfician to King George the II # at the Expence of 20,000/. with a proper btipend to the Lecturer, &c. In it is a fine Collection of » Ana- tomical Preparations and Injections. The Wide Gravel, Walk, (haded on each Side with Elms, de- D 4 term So NEW COMPANION ferves our Notice, being a Quarter of a Mile id Length and of a proportionable Breadth. It commands a Sight of Lord Harcourt's Seat, a pleafant Profpecl of the Meadows, the Thames, and fome adjacent Villages. This College was founded by Cardinal Wolfey, upon the Place where formerly flood the Priory of St. Fridefwide, which, and feveral other religious Founda- tions, were diffolved, in order to endow the new Col- lege intended by the Cardinal* The Defign was far from being compleated at the Time of the Cardinal** Difgrace, little more being built than the Eaft, South, and Part of the Weft Sides of the Great Quadrangle, and the Kitchen, And as to the Foundation itfelf, what- ever it might be at that Time, 'tis certain it was af- terwards: lefTened, and the Form of it altered two or three times by the King. The Difgrace of the Cardi- nal happened in the Year 1529, when the King feized upon this College, as well as the other Eftates belong- ing to the Cardinal, In the Year 1532, at the Jnftartce of Lord Cromwell, the King new-modelled the Foun- dation, and gave it the Name of King Henry th* Eighth's College. This was fuppreffed in 1545, and in the Year following the Epifcopal See was removed from Ofeney to this College, and the Church of St. Fridefwide conftituted a Cathedral, by the Name of Chrift's Church. This Foundation has continued in the fame Form ever fince. It confifts of a Dean, eight Canons, ior Students, part of which are elected annually from Weftminfter School, and the other Vacancies, as they happen, are filled up by the Dean and Canons ; 8 Chap- lains, 8 Singing-Men, and as many Chorifters, a School-mafter, an Organift, &c. Since the Time of Queen Elizabeth, this College has largely experienced the Bounty of feveral Benefactors, particulary Bifhop Fell, who left ten Exhibitions of 10/. per Ann. to Com- moners, to be held for ten Years from the Time they were FOR OXFORD, were nominated to thern. The ioift Studentfhip was added by William Thurfton, Elq; 1663, and is now in the Gift of the Vernon Family. Several Exhibi- tions were given by Lady Holford for Scholars educat- ed at the Charter-Houie, and more by other Bene- factors. Vifitor. The King. PEMBROKE COLLEGE. PEMBROKE College, fo called from the Earl of Pembroke, Chancellor of the Univerfity at the Time it was founded, is iituated near St. Aldate's Church, in a direct Line from the Grand Gate of Chrift Church, and confifts of two fmall Courts. The Quadrangle is uniform, having the Hall at the Norm- weft Angle, in which arc Pictures of the Founders and feme Benefactors. The Chapel is a fmall, elegant Building, of the Ionic Order, with a beautiful Altar- Piece. In the Garden,, which is Weft of the Chapel, is a pleafant Common Room, and a Terrace walk. The Matter's Lodgings, which join to the. College on the North, is a modern Edifice. This College, formerly Broadgate Hall, was found- ed An, 1620, by Tho. Tefdale, of Glympton, Efq; and Richard Whitwick, S.T.B. Rector of Ufley, , Berks, for a Matter, ten Fellows and ten Scholars* Four of Mr. Tefdale's Fellows to be chofen out of his Relations, and the reft to come from Abingdon Free School. As to Mr. Whitwick's Benefaction, two of the Fellows and two Scholars to be of his Kindred, anil the reft from Abingdon School. King Charles I. granted to this Society the perpe* tual Advowfon of St. Aldate's Church > and certain Lands, for the Maintenance of one Fellow, to be chofen from Guernfey or Jerfey. l3 5 Archbifhop 82 NEW COMPANION Archbifhop Abbot, Juliana Stafford, and Francis Rous, were the next Benefactors - y and Dr. George Morley, Bifhop of Winchefter, founded five Scholar- ihips for the Natives of Guernfey and Jerfey. Queen Anne annexed a Prebend of Gloucefter to the Mafterfhip. Lady Holford gave two Exhibitions of 20/. a Year each ; Dr. Hall, Mafter of this College, and Bifhop of Briftol, built the Matter's Lodgings 5 Sir John Bennet, Lord Offulftone, endowed two Fel- lowfhips and Scholarfhips ; Mr. Townfhend gave eight Exhibitions to young Scholars from Gloucefter- fliire; and Sir John Philip?, Bart, in 1749, founded one Fellowfhip and one Scholarfhip. The prefent Members are a Mafter, fourteen Fel- lows, 30 Scholars and Exhibitioners > the whole Num- ber of students' ufually about 70. Vifitor. The Chancellor of the Univerfity. HALL S. FIVE Halls or Academical Houfes, not incorpo- rated, areftill remaining. Originally the Students lived chiefty in Halls or Hotels, where Profeflbrs and Tutors refided. But when the Colleges were found- ed, and ftill more, when the Reformation took Place, the liberal Education, now in Ufe, brought the Stu- dents to the more convenient Accommodation in Col- leges. Thefe Societies are not endowed, though they have had confiderable Benefactions, which are dif- penfed to the Students in Exhibitions, which they en- joy for a ftated Time. They are under the Govern- ment of their refpective Principals, whofe Incomes arife from the Room- rent of the Chambers. The Stu- dents take an Oath to obey the Statutes and Cuftoms of the Hall, which Statutes are made and altered by the Chancellor, who has the Nomination of the Prin- cipals, FOR OXF.ORD, 83 I cipals, and is Vifitor of all the Halls, except St. Ed- mund Hall, which is dependant on Queen's College, and the Principal appointed by that Society. ST, ALB AN HALL. I. St. A lb an Hall, which is in St. John's Parifh, adjoins to Merton College on the Eaft. It had its Name from Robert de St. Alban, a Citizen of Oxford, who conveyed the Premifes to the Abbey of Little- more. Of this Hall were Archbifhop MaHh; Eh*. Lamplugh, Archbifhop of York ; Benedict Barnham, Alderman of London, who built the Front of the Hall as it is at prefent ; and W illiam Lenthall, Speaker of the Long Parliament. ST. EDMUND HALL. II. St. Edmund H ai l is oppohte to the Eaft Side of Queen's, to which College it is dependant, and has about 25 Students. The Buildings were compleated, and other cpnfideraWe Improvements made while the late Dr. Shaw, that eminent Traveller, was Principal. Of this Hall were Dr. John Mill, who publiihed the Greek Teftament, printed at the Theatre ; and Thomas Hearne, M. A. that diligent Antiquary. N E W4 N N-H A L L. III. New-Tnn-Hall ftands at the Weft End- of . the City, near the Church of St. Peter in the Bailey.- It was formerly called Trillock's-Inn from John Tril- lock Bifliop of Hereford, who built it in the Year 1349. Oppofite this Hall is the Gateway of a College of Monks of the Auguftine Order, in which Eraurius refided two Years. He left an elegant Latin Poem on his Manner of Living there, I) fc, ST. MARY 84 NEW COMPANION, k ST. MARY HALL. IV. St. Mary Hall is fituated North of Oriel College, near the High-Sreet. It confifts of one Qua- drangle, with a Garden inclofed in the Middle of it. It is formed by the Principal's Lodgings on the North, the Hall and Chapel on the South, and on the Eaft and Weft by the Chambers of the Students. This Hall was eredled by King Edward. II. Some Exhibitions have been given to aflift the Students in the Profecution of their Studies. Several eminent Men have refided here, viz. Car- dinal Allen, Sir Thomas Moore, Erafmus, Mr. Sandys the celebrated Englifti Poet and Traveller, &c. MAGDALEN HALL. V. Magdalen Hall is adjoining to the Weft Side of Magdalen College, to which it is an Appen- dant. The Number of Exhibitions given to this Hall fupplies it with many Members. It was erected by William Wainfleet, the Founder of Magdalen College, and has a large Gammar School joinedto.it, intended as a Nurfery for Magdalen College, Lord Chancellor Clarendon, the famous Hiftorian, who was alio Chan- cellor of the Univerilty, was educated at this Hall. The Number of Students is generally about 40. OXFORD TERMS. Hilary Term begins January 14. Ends on Saturday before Palm- Sunday. Eafter Term begins on Wednefday after Low Sunday— — — -Ends on Thurfday before Whitfunday. A£t Term begins on Wednefday after Trinity Sunday. : Ends on Saturday after Acl: Sunday. Michaelmas Term begins October the J 0 th . 1 — * Ends December jy !h c The Late ( 85 ) I The Late and Prefent Governors Of tht refpe&ive COLLEGES and HA L L S. Late and prefent Prefidents of Magdalen College* 1745. Thomas Jenner, D. D. 1768. George Home, D. D. Late and prefent Matters of Univerfity College. 1744, John Browne, D. D. 1764. Nathan Wether ell, D. D. Late and prefent Provofts of Queen's College. 1756. Jofeph Browne, D. D. 1767. Thomas Fothergill, D. D. Late and prefent Wardens of All Souls College. ! 1726. Stephen Niblett, D. D. 1767. The Honourable John Tracy, D. D. Late and prefent Principals of Brafenofe College. \ 1777. Thomas Barker, D. D. 1785. William Cleaver, D. D. Late and prefent Principals of Hertford College* 1757. David Durell, D. D. I 1775% Bernard Hodgfon y LL. D* Late ( 86 ) Late and prefent Wardens of New College. 1764. Thomas Hayward, LL. D. 1768. John Oglander, D. D. Late and Prefent Wardens of Wadham College. 1777. James Gerard, D. D. 1783. John Wills, D. D. Late and prefent Prefidents of Trinity College. 1 7 3 1 . George Huddesford, D . D . 1776. Jofeph Chapman, D. D. Late and prefent Matters of Baliol College. 1727, Theophilus Leigh, D. D* 1785. John Davey, D* D. Late and prefent Prefidents of St. John's College; 1758. Thomas Fry, D.D. 1772. Samuel Dennis, D.D. Late and prefent Provofts of Worcefter College. 1736. William Gower, D. D. 1777. William Sheffield, D. D. Late and prefent Re&ors of Exeter College. 1772. Thomas Bray, D.D. 1785. Thomas Stint on, D. D. Late and prefent Principals of Jefus College. 1763. Humphrey Owen, D.D. 1768. Jofeph Hoare, D.D. Late and prefent Re&ors of Lincoln College. 1782. Charles Mortimer, D.D.- 1784* John Horner ) D. D. Late ( «7 J Late and prefent Provofts of Oriel College. 1768. John Clark, D. D. 1782. John Eveleigh, D. D. LateandprefentPrefidentsofCorpusChrifti College. 1748. Thomas Randolph, D. D. 1783. John Cooke, D. D. Late and prefent Wardens of Merton College. 1750. John Robin/on, D. D. 1759. Henry Barton, D. D. Late and prefect Deans of Chrift Church. 1777. Lewis Bagot) LL. D. 1783. Cyril Jackfon, D. D. Late and prefent Matters of Pembroke College, 1775. William Adams, D. D. 1788. William Ser grove, D. D. Late and prefent Principals of Alban Hall. 1736. Robert Leyborne, D. D. 1759. Francis Randolph, D. D. Late and prefent Principals of Edmund Hall. 1760. George Dixon, D. D. 1787. William Dowfon, D. D. Late and prefent Principals of St. Mary Hall. 17 19. William King, LL. D. 1764. Thomas Nowell^ D. D. Late and prefent Principals of New Inn Hall, 1 76 1. William Black/lone, LL. D. 1767. Robert Chambers, LL. B. Late and prefent Principals of Magdalen Hall* 1787. Matthew Lamb, D. D, -1788. Henry For d, L L. D. ( 88 ) The Late and Prefent Chancellors and Vice - Chancellors f WITH THE PRESENT Reprefentatives in Parliament, ProfeiTors, &c. CHANCELLORS. 1762. GEO. HENRY Earl of LITCHFIELD. 1772- FREDERICK Lord NORTH. HIGH STEWARDS. 1767. Edward Leigh ^ Lord Leigh. 1786. William, Earl of Dartmouth. VICE-CHANCELLORS. 1784. The Rev. Jofeph Chapman, D. D. Prefidenfc of Trinity College. 1788. The Rev. John Cooke, D. D. Prefident of Corpus Chrifti College. Prefent Reprefentatives in Parliament. Sir William Dolben, Bart, of Thingdon, Northampn tonftiire. Francis Page, Efq; of Middle Afton, in the County of Oxford. PROCTORS. 1789. Thomas Phillips, M. A. of Pembroke College. Edward Morgan, M. A. of Jefus College. Regius ProfeiTor of Divinity. Rev. John Randolph, D.D. Canon of Chrift Ch. Margaret ProfeiTor of Divinity. Rev. Timothy Neve, D. D. of Merton College. Regiuf ( 8 9 ) Regius ProfefTor of Hebrew* Rev. Benjamin Blayney, D.D. Canon of Chr. Ch. Regius ProfefTor of Greek. Rev. Wttiam Jackfon, B. D. of Chrift Church. Regius ProfefTor of Civil Law. Hon. Thomas JVenman, D. C. L. of All Souls Coll. Vinerian ProfefTor of Common Law. Richard IVooddefon, LL. D. of Magdalen College. Regius ProfefTor of Phyfic. William Vivian, M. D. of Corpus Chrifti College. Regius ProfefTor of Modern Hiftory. Rev. Thomas Nowell, D.D. Prin. of St. Mary Hall. Savilian ProfefTor of Aftronomy. Rev.Thomas Horn/by, D.D. of Corpus Chrifti Coll, , Savilian ProfefTor of Geometry. John Smith, M. D. of Baliol College. ProfefTor of Natural Philofophy. Rev. Thomas Horn/by, D. D. of Corpus Chrifti Coll, ProfefTor of Hiftory. Rev. Thomas Warton, B. D. of Trinity College. Lord Litchfield's Clinical ProfefTor. Martin Wall, M. D.^ of New College* Praele£lor in Anatomy. William Thompfon, M. D. of Chrift Church. ProfefTor of Botany. John Sibthorpe, M. D. of Lincoln College. Archbifhop ( 90 ) Archbifliop Laud's Profeflbr of Arabic. Rev. Jofepb White, D. D. of Wadham College. Lord Almoner's Praele&or in Arabic, Rev. Henry Ford, L L. D. of Magdalen Hall. Profeflbr of Poetry. Rev. Robert Holmes, B. D. of New College. Profeflbr of Mufic, Philip Hayes, Doflor of Mufic, of Magd. Coll. Public Orator. William Crowe, B. C. L. of New College. RadclifFe's Librarian. Rev. Tho. Horn/by, D. D. of Corpus Chrifti Coll. Regiftrar of the Univerfity. Rev. Samuel Forjler, LL. D. of Wadham College. Keeper of the Bodleian Library. Rev. John Price, B. D. of Jefus College. Keeper of the Afhmolean Mufeum. Rev. William Sheffield, D . D. of Worcefter College, Keeper of the Archives. Hon. Thomas Wenman, D, C. L. of All Souls Coll. Univerfity Officers. i?r • 1 James Matthews, M. A.- of Divinity. £iquire / Robert E A# of Phyfic and Arts# bedels, j Robeyt pageu LL. D. of Law. v ^ Mr. Robert Blifs, of Divinity. Yeomen / Uu Sms ^ of Pbyfic and Ar ts. 15edels. J Mn miUam M ait hews, of Law. Mr. Richard Blinkinfop, Univerfity Clerk. Mr. John Green, Divinity Clerk. Mr. John Court, Vjrger. ( 9* ) PLEASANT and EASY TOURS FROM OXFORD TO Blenheim Castle, the Seat of His Grace the Duke of Marlborough. Ditchley, that of the late Earl of Litch- field. Heythrop, of the Earl of Shrewsbury, Nuneham, of the Earl of Harcourt, AND Stow, that of the Marquis of Buckingham; ( 93 ) BLENHEIM CASTLE, .THE DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH. THE PRINCIPAL PORTRAITS AND STATUES, TAPESTRY, PAINTINGS, GARDENS, PARK, k, l^HE Caftle of BLENHEIM, the feat of His X Grace the Duke of MARLB O RO U G H, is fituated Weft of Woodftock, a Market and Borough Town, about feven Miles and a half from Oxford. From the Town we enter the Park through a ipa- cious Portal of the Corinthian Order ; from whence a noble Profpect is opened to the Caftle, the Bridge, the Lake with its Valley, and other beautiful fcenes of the Park. The Houfe in particular, which we furvey from this Point oblic/iely, is probably no where viewed to greater advantage. • | The Front is 348 Feet from Wing to Wing, and confifts of a variety of Architecture, defigned by Sir John Vanbrugh. On the Pediment of the South Front towards the Garden is a noble Bufto, larger than the Life, of. Louis XIV. taken from the Gates of Tournay. We enter the Houfe on the Eaft, through a Portal- built in the Style of Martial Architecture, on the tor> of which is a Refervoir, which fupplies the Houfe with Water from the River* This leads us into a THE SEAT OF HIS GRACE WITH A CATALOGUE OF A DESCRIPTION OF THE Quadrangle 94 TOUR TO BLENHEIM. Quadrangle chiefly confifling of Arcades and offices. From hence we pafs into the grand Area. Through the fuperb Portico elevated on mafly Co- lumns we enter THE HALL. TH I S magnificent Room is of the Height of the Houfe, and of a proportionable Breadth. It is fup- ported by Corinthian Pillars. Over the Door going into the Salon. A Burl of John Duke of Marlborough. Two Statues in Bronze, viz. The Venus of Medicis, and the Faun, both from the Originals in Marble, in the Duke of Tufcany's Col- lection at Florence, and executed by Max. Soldani Benzie at Florence, 1 7 1 1 . Above, upon the Right and Left, are feveraj Marble Termini, with two excellent Statues of a Nymph and a Bachanal. The Ceiling, painted by Sir James Thornhill, alle- gorically represents Victory crowning John Duke of Marlborough, and pointing to a Plan of the Battle of Blenheim. The Bov: -Window Room. OVE R the Chimney is a capital original Pi&ure of the Virgin and Child, St. John an 4 St. Nicholas, by Raphael. This Piihirc was brought over by Lord Robert Spencer, Brother to the prefent Duke of Marl-> borough, having been purchafed by him in 1768 frcm the Capella degli Anfidei at Perugia. Over the three Doors, A Battle Piece, by Wovermdm — A St. Jerome, by Glorgionu — Naked Women by Schiavone. In the pannel to the left of the Chimney is a Head after An. Caracci, by Sir Jojhua Reynolds. — A Head- of Anne Counters of Sunderland, by Sir Godfrey. KneU TOUR TO BLENHEIM. 95 ler. — The Afiumption, by Ttntoret. — A Woman's Head, by Rubens. — Monkies in Monk's Habits, by Tenters. — A Madona, by Lionardo da Vinci. The Tapeftry in this Room reprefents the Battle of Blenheim, and other Battles of the Duke of Marl- borough. The Duke's DreJJing Room. OVER the Chimney, Charles Earl Sunderland, by Sir Godfrey Kneller. A Field Marfhal, by Nic. Cajjana. An Academy Figure, ■ by Vandyck. Efther and Ahafuerus, ■ by Paulo Veronefe. Anne Duchefs of York, 1 Louife Renee, Duchefs of Portf- >by Sir Peter LeJy. mouth, ■ J Two Landfcapes, by Wooton. The Infide of a Church, — . by Steenwyck. The Bones found in the Wildernefs, by Old Frank. The Circumcifion of Our Saviour, by Rembrandt, A very fine Holy Family, by Rubens. A Magdalene. St. Mark writing. Over the Doors. Venus and Adonis $ and Venus and a Satyr ; Our Saviour in the Virgin's Lap crowning two Female Martyrs, by c i itlan. The Eajl Drazving Room. OVE R the Door going in from theDreffiiig-Room, is a Holy Family — The Duchefs of Buckingham and her Children by Vandyck. — The Marchionis de Havre, and Mary of Medicis by Vandyck. — An oval Portrait of King William III. by Sir G.Kneller. — A French Camp, by Watteau.— Y\\z Anunciation, by Corregio. — A Landfcape, by Paul Brylle. — An oval Portrait of the Queen Mother, by Vandyck. — Philip the lid King of Spain, by c l Hi an.— A very capital Bachanalian Piece, 96 TOUR TO BLENHEIM. Piece, by Rubens. — Andromeda by Rubens,— The Baptifm of our Saviour, by a Flemifli Hand — A Man's Head, by Holben. — Qztt\z by Rofa di Ttvoli. — A Man's Head by Titian — The Offering of the Magi, &c. by Rubens, — Lord Henry and Lady Charlotte Spencer, by Sir "fo/hua Reynolds. Over the Chimney, Rubens his Wife and Child, by Rubens, given to John Duke of Marlborough by the Town of Bruffels.. Around Landfcape. — Cattle and Figures, hyWover- mans—An Angel, by Corregio. r— King Charles the Ift by Vandyck. Over the Door. A Holy Family, faid to be by Raphael, given to John Duke of Marlborough by the Town of Ghent,, — Henrietta Maria, King Charles the Firft's Queen, by Vandyck. — A very fine Day-light by Vanderneer.' This Drawing- Room is furnimed with Crimfon Damafk. The Grand Cabinet, Which is alfo Furnimed with Crimfon' Damafk. Over the Door next to the Eaft Drawing-R®om, a Holy Family by Rubens. Over the Chimney. • A Madona (landing on a Globe, furrounded by Angels, by Carlo Maratii. — The Roman Charity by Rubens. — Lot's Departure out of Sodom, by Rubensy given to John Duke of Marlborough by the Town of Antwerp. Over the other Door is The Flight into Egypt, by Rubens. — The Offering . tif the Magi, by Rubens. The under Row. A very capital Picture of our Saviour bleffing the Children, by Vandyck. — Raphael's Miftrefs, exceed- ingly fine, by Raphael— -Pope Gregory, and a Female Martyr with a Palm Branchy by Titian. —The Portrait 0i TOUR TO BLENHEIM. $7 •f Paracelfus, by Rubens. — A Holy Family, by Ludo- vico Caracci. — A Magdalene, in his beft manner, by Carlo Dolce. — K Head of Rubens, by Rubens* The Blue Drawing Room^ Which has gilt Ornaments to the Blue Damafk. Over the two Doors. Ifaac blefling Jacob, and the Woman taken in Adul- tery by Rembrandt. — Catherine of Medicis, by Rubens. —Time cutting Cupid's Wings, by Vandyck. — William Marquis of Blandford, by Sir Godfrey Kneller. — An Aftronoroerand his Family, by Dob/on. — Our Saviour^ and St. John, by Carlo Dolce. — A Young Woman's Head, and Ditto, both by Paul Veronefe* Under Row. Our Saviour and the Virgin in the Clouds, and a Monk worihipping, by Annibal Caracci. — Our Saviour and the Virgin in the Clouds, &c. by Tintoret. — Thirty Miniature Portraits in one Frame. — AHoly Family, by 'Ludovico Caracci. — Cattle and Figures, by Bsmfenfrhz — A Landfcape by Vanderneer.—K Dutcn Family^ by OJlade. — K Landfcape by Gafpard Pou/fin. —Dorothy Countefs of Sunderland, celebrated by Waller, by Van-* dyck.— Another Lanfcape, by Gajpard Poujjin.—-K fmall beautiful Family Piece, by Gonzales. — A very line Landfcape by Wovermans. Tlse Winter Drawing Room. THE Tapeftry is a Reprefentation of the Cardinal Virtues. Over the Chimney is A very fine Portrait of Mary Duchefs of Richmond, and a Girl preferring her Gloves, by Vandyck. Over the Doors, Lord Stafford and his Secretary, and Mrs. KiHe- grew and Mrs. Morton, by Vandyck. 98 TOUR TO BLENHEIM. The Dining Room. O VE R the Door going in from the Drawing-Rocrn is a Capital Piece of Cattle and Figures, by Cafligli 'on e r —A Bacchanalian Piece by Vandyck.— Lot and his Daughters, by Rubens, given by the Emperor. — Queen Anne, whilft Princefs of Denmark, by Sir God- frey Kneller. — Venus and Adonis, by Rubens, given by the Emperor Jofeph I. — A moft noble Lanfcape, by Claude Lorrain. Over the other Door. The Rape of Europa, by Paul Veronefe. In the Pannels near the Windows are Six fmall Landfcapes, by Wooion. THE SALON. THI S Room, which is nobly decorated, is propor- tioned to the magnificence of the reft. The lower Part is lined with Marble, which affords a cool retreat in the warmeft weather. The feveral Compartments reprefent the different Nations in their various Habits and Modes of Drefs, by La Guerre. The Ceiling is emblematic, reprefenting John Duke of Marlborough in the midft of his Vi&ories ftopt by' Peace, and Time reminding him of the rapidity of his own Flight,- painted alfo by La Guerre. Over the Right hand Chimney as we enter from the Hall, a Buft of Carracalla. Over the other, a buft of a Roman Conful. Drawing Room to the Right of the Salon. THE Tapeftry reprefents more of John Duke of Marlborough's Battles. Over the Chimney. The prefent Duke of Marlborough. A Buft of the Emperor Adrian. Over the neareft Door to the Saloon, is A Portrait of a young Knight of St. John of Jeru- falem, by Barrocio. Over TOUR TO BLENHEIM, Over the oppofite Door. Meleager aud Atalanta, very mafterly, by Rubens. On the Pannel near the Window, next the Salon, The Adoration of the Shepherds, by Luca Giordiano. Under it is, A Madona and Child, by Nic. Pouffin. — A Garland of Flowers, with Figures in the middle, by Rotten- hammer. In the Pannel oppofite this is, The Offering of the Magi, by Luca Giordano. — A Holy Family, by Nic. Poujfin. — A Garland of Flowers, with Figures in the middle, by Rottenhammer . Middle Drawing Room Right of the Sakn. TH E Tapeflry continues to reprefent the farther Defcription of the Battles of John Duke of Marl- borough. Over the Chimney. The prefent Duchefs of Marlborough. A capital Painting upon Black Marble, by Allefar.~ dro Veronefe. Over the firfr. Door going in, is . A Picture of a Sea-Port, with a Stone Pedeftal and Figures, by Weenix. Over the oppofite Door, is St. Laurence diftributing the Ornaments of the Al- tar, by // Prete Genoefe. The State Bedchamber^ Which is furnilhed with Blue Damafk, with ele- gant gilding, has On the Chimney a Buft of Diana. Over the Chimney. A very capital Picture of Seneca bleeding to Death, by Lucca Gicrdani. In the Pannel to the Left of it, is A Portrait of King Edward VI. by Holbein. — A Yiew ioo TOUR TO BLENHEIM. View of Architecture, by PaninL — The Burning of Troy, by Old Frank. Over the Doors. Two Pieces of Still-life, by Malteze. THE LIBRARY. FROM a ferics of fmafler yet magnificent Apart- ments, we are fuddenly ftruck at entering this fuperb Room, which is 183 Feet 5 Inches long 5 in the mid- dle it is 31 Feet 9 inches wide, and at each End 28 Feet 6 Inches wide. The Doric Pilafters of Marble, with the complete Columns of the fame, which fupport a rich Entablature, the Window Frames,, the furround- ing Bafementof Black Marble. : and theftuccoed Com- partments of the vaulted Ceiling, are in the higheft tafte both of Defign and Finiming. it was originally intended as a Gallery for Paintings ; but the late Duke adding utility to elegance, furnifhed it with the noble collection of Books, made by Lord Sunderland, his Grace's Father. Their Number amounts to more than 24,000 Volumes* which renders it the principal private^ collect ion in E$glana\ At ojie End of the Room is a highly finifhecr Statue: of Queen Anne, by By/brack^ with this Infcription : To the Memory of Queen JNNE> Under whofe Aufpices JOHN Duke of MARLBOROUGH Conquered, And to whofe Munificence He and his Pofterity With Gratitude Owe the Pofleffion of BLENHEIM. A, D. MDCCXXV1. Over the Marble Door, is A Buft of Milo Crotonienfis, by Wilton^ Over the left-hand Chimney, is A Buft of Charles Earl of Sunderland, who coIIecK ed this Library. Over. TOUR TO BLENHEIM. 101 Over each Chimney are Landfcapes after Gafpard Poujftn. Over the right-hand Chimney, is A Buft of Charles Spencer Duke of Marlborough* by Ryjbrack. At the farther End of the Room, is A fine Greek Buft of Alexander, in very good pre- fer vation, on a Therm, defigned by Sir William Chambers. And in this Room are two antique S tatues, of Diana and Julia Domua on Mahogany Therms. The Whole length PORTRAITS are, King William the third.- Queen Arme. John Duke, and Sarah Duchefs of Marlborough. Charles Duke of Marlborough. Elizabeth Dutchefs of Marlborough. Francis Earl of Godolphin. Anne Countefs of Sunderland. Elizabeth Countefs of Bridgewater. ' The Hon. John Spencer. The Right Hon. Lady Georgiana Spencer, now Countefs Covvper. John Duke of Montagu, Before we leave this Gallery, I muft direct the Spec- tator to its Bow-windows, from whence we have a delightful Profpect of the Declivity defcending to the Water, and the gradual Afcent of the Groves which cover the oppofite Hill. N. B. In the Galleries of the Attic Story there is a large Collec- tion of Family Portraits, by diiferent Mailers. THE CHAPEL. - THI S fs one of the Wings ; in which is a fuperb Monument to the memory of the firft Duke and Duchefs, by Ryjbrack. They are reprefented with their two fons who died young, as fupported by Fame and Hiftory. T02 TOUR TO BLENHEIM. Hiftory. Beneath, in a Baflfo-relievo, is the taking ofi Marfhal Tallard. The Altar-Piece is Our Saviour taken down < from the Crofs, by JordaeriS) of Jntwerp. THE CHIN A-R OOM. THIS Apartment, which is fituated below Stairs, will afford entertainment to the Curious. It is furnifh- ed with a moft elegant and valuable Collection of Drefden China, given to the Duke of Marlborough by the King of Poland, in return for a Pack of Stag hounds. It confifts of Tureens, Sets of Plate, and fantaftic Figures. The Colours are remarkably lively, and the Reprefentations highly Natural. Here are like- wife fome beautiful and Coftlyjars, collected at a great expenfe by the late Duchefs Dowager. THE GARDENS Include a great variety of Ground: The Defcent on the South-weft Side ; the extent and beauty of the Wa- ter ; the grandeur of the oppofite Bank, the Cafcade, the new Bridge and lower Piece of Water, form an afiemblage of great and beautiful Objefts in no other Place to be met with. The Ground on the South-eaft is a happy contraft to the South-weft Side : the Gardens here feem to lofe themfelves in the Park, amidft a profufion of venerable Oaks and interfered Avenues, from whence they de- rive an air of moft indeterminate extent, which is very pleafing. Laftly, the beautiful Plain in the Front of the Houfe, and the piSurefque efte£t of the Village riling out of the Wood below, call for our Attention. Thefe Gardens have been confiderably enlarged, and thrown into the form they now wear, by the prefent Duke, who has likewife farther beautified them by the addition of fome judicious and well placed Ornaments - 9 particularly the Temple of Diana, and an elegant little Tempi* TOUR TO BLENHEIM. 103 Temple in what is called the Flower Garden : To which v/e may add two noble Bronzes,, and fome Copies of Antique Vafes, in Stone. THE PARK Is eleven Miles in Circumference, and contains many delightful Scenes. The Lover of rural Variety will be entertained here with every circumftance of Beauty which he can expect from diverfified Nature ; from Hill and Valley, Water and Woods. The pleafure -grounds have lately received a con- fiierable improvement and enlargement, by throwing a neat Chinefe bridge over the lake, near the cafcade ; and inclofing and laying down, in the moft elegant ftile, a pretty large tra£t of the oppofite hill. In this -delightful fpot feveral grottos are fo naturally intro- duced, that art fcarcely appears. But the moft capital object is a magnificent fountain, a prefent to John Duke of Marlborough ; which, after lying neglected for many years, has been recently erected in the vale, near the eaftern limits of the new improvements. On one fide of this fountain is the fubfequent Latin in- v fcription ; and on the three other fides is the fame, in three different languages, Greek, Italian, and Spanifh. Ad Innocentium XL Summum Pontificem. Pro. Carolo. II. Hifpaniarum Rege. Excelc: D : D: Gazpar: De. Haro, et Guzman. Murchio. De. Carpio. Et Helicheo Orator. Ad Typum Molis. In Agonali Foro Ere£te« Ab Equite. Bernino. Opus. Hoc. Extrui. JufTit, Eodem. dirigente. Qui. Interim. Dum perficeretur. Defun&us. Hoc : Pofthumo. Partu : Inexhauftam. Mentis. Faecunditatem Claufit. AnnoD: M:DC:LXXXI. At a fmall diftance from this noble piece of fculp- ture is a. mineral fpring, commonly called Newfound Well j 104 TOUR TO BLENHEIM. Well ; which,, flowing into a beautiful antique bafon, I externally adorned with numerous figures in baflo- I ■relievo, is from thence difcharged by the mouths of two lions near the top, and immediately difappearing, jj foon enters the lake. About the Middle of the grand Approach is a mag- nificent BRIDGE, chiefly confuting of three Arches, the Centre one of which is larger than the Rialto at Venice : the Water is formed into a fpacious Lake y : which covers the whole Extent of a capacious Valley, ; furrounded by an Artificial Declivity of a prodigious i Depth, and is indifputably, both with regard to its j Accompanyments and Extent, the moft capital Piece of j Water in tnis Kingdom. In this Park originally ftood a Royal Palace, where * King Etheldred called a Parliament. Henry I. incloled the Park with a Wall, Part of which is now remaining, j His fucceflbr Henry II. principally refided at this Seat, and erected in the Park a Houfe encompafled with a Labyrinth of extraordinary contrivance, for the Habi- tation of his Concubine Fair Rofamond. This roman- tic Retreat, commonly ftyled Fair RofamancTs Bower y was lituated on the Hill,, to the North-weft of the j Bridge, above a remarkable Bath, or Spring, called at prefent Rofamond's Well. In this Palace Edmund, the fecond Son of Edward ; I, was born, and thence denominated Edmund of i Wopdftock as was Edward the Black Prince. The Princefs Elizabeth, afterwards Queen, was kept a Prifoner here, under the perfections pf Queen Mary, i This Palace retained its original Splendor, and was inhabited by our Kings, 'till the Reign of Charles L but began to be Demoli&ed in the fucceeding Times of Confufion* Its magnificent Ruins were remaining within the Memory of Man, near the Bridge, to the North, on the fpot where two Sycamores have been fince planted as a Memorial, The TOUR TO BLENHEIM. 105 The Park and Manor of Woodftock, with other Ap- purtenances, were granted with concurrence of Parlia- ment, by Queen Anne, in the fourth Year of her Reign, to John Duke of Marlborough, and his Heirs, in re- compence of the many illuftrious Victories obtained under his command againft the French and Bavarian Armies ; particularly at Blenheim. The Grant of the Crown, and the Services of the Duke, are fully fpecified on the Pedeftal of a ftately Column, 130 Feet in Height ; on the Top of which is a Statue of the Duke, fituated in a grand Avenue. On one Side is the following Infcription, fuppofed to be written by the late Lord Bolingbroke. The Caftle of 'Blenheim was founded by Queen ANNE, In the Fourth Year of her Reign, In the Year of the Chriftian iEra 1705. A Monument defigned to perpetuate the Memory of the Signal Victory Obtained over the French and Bavarians^ Near the Village of Blenheim, On the Banks of the Danube, By JOHN Duke of MARLBOROUGH, The Hero not only of this Nation, but of this Age ; Whofe Glory was equal in the Council and in the Field; Who, by Wifdom, Juftice, Candour, and Addrefs, Reconciled various, and even oppofite, Interefis * Acquired an Influence Which no Rank, no Authority can give, Nor any Force, but that of fuperior Virtue : Became the fixed important Centre, Which united in one common Caufe, The principal States of Europe \ Who by military Knowledge, and irrefiftible Valour, In a long Series of uninterrupted Triumphs, Broke the Power of France^ When raifed the higheft, when exerted the mofi; Refcued the Empire from Defolation ; Afierted and confirmed the Liberties of Europe. E The ro6 D I T C H L E Y. The Houfe itfelf was built at the Publiclc Expence ; but the Bridge, the Column juft mentioned, and the Portal contiguous to the Town, wete etedted folely at the charge of Sarah Duchefs Dowager of Marl- borough. D I T C H L E Y, THEREAT OF THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE EARL OF LITCHFIELD. DITC HLEY is a modern Fabric, lofty, and ele- gantly built, fituated on an Hill, which com- mands much of the Country, having Blenheim, Ox- ford, and the Hills beyond it in full View. Over the Front of the Houfe are two grand Statues, Loyalty and Fame, with their proper Emblems. The offices, which form two beautiful. Wings, have a communica- tion with the principal Building by circular Colo- nnades. In the Houfe are many valuable and mafterly Portraits by Rubens^ Vandyck^ Sir Peter Lely, John- fon^ and Wotton* THE HALL. This Room is finely proportioned and elegantly decorated. Its Sides and Roof are ornamented with Stucco, which is at once bold and delicate. Its Door- cafes, Pediments, Entablatures, and Columns of the Corinthian and Compofite Orders, are all richly orna- mented with Gildings, &c. The Ceiling contains an AfTembly of the Gods, painted by Kent. Two of the Compartments D I T C H L E Y. 107 Compartments are filled with hiftorical Pieces from the iEneid, by the fame Hand ; one of which repre- fentsiEneas meeting Venus, his Mother, in the Wood near Carthage ; and the other, Venus prefenting iEneas with the new Armour. The Sciences are in- troduced as Ornaments, with Bufts of Philofophers, ! ^ets, Hiftorians, and Orators, viz, Socrates, Virgil, Corner, Cicero, Sappho, Shakefpeare, Dryden, Mil- ton, andLivy. Over the Statues are Bafreliefs, copied from Antiques out of the Florentine Mufeum, properly difpofed \ and a Statue of the Venus deJVledicis. Here i is alfo a curious Model of the Radclivian Library at ! Oxford. The Chimney-Piece is fuperb and lofty, decorated I with a Portrait of Henry Earl of Litchfield byJhrman. THE MUSIC-ROOM, Is well conftru&ed for Mufick, and has feveral Paint- ings in it, viz. The Grandfather and Grandmother of the late Earl of Litchfield. The late Earl. The two late Dukes of Beaufort. The Honourable Mr* !Lee, and Sir Watkin Williams Wynne, by Hoare* Rubens and his Son, hunting wild Beafts. Two Venetian Courtezans. A Shooting-piece, and two Hunting-pieces, by Wotton. In the Shooting-piece the two late Lords are introduced. ' THE DINING-ROOM, Is ornamented with feveral mafterly Portraits. . Henry V III . by Hans Holben, in his higheft finifhing. Charles I. with Charles II . at his Knee, by Vandyck* Sir Harry Lee, with the MaftifF which faved his Life, by John fan. The ftory of this Piece is found- ed on an efcape of Sir Harry, from being aflaffinated by one of his own Servants, who had formed a defigit of robbing the Houfe, after having murdered his Maf- ter. But on the Night it was to be put in execution, the Dog, though no Favourite with, nor ever before taken notice of by his Mailer, accompanied him up E 2 Staic^ xo8 D I T C H L E Y. 1 Stairs, crept under the Bed, and could not be driven 1 away by the Servant, when Sir Harry ordered him tc be left : and in the dead of Night, the feme Servant entering the Room to execute his defign, was inftantly feized by the Dog, and upon being fecured, confeffed his intentions* In one Corner of the Piece is the following Line. " More faithful than favoured." Lord Henry, by Richard/on \ and the old Dowagej Lady, by Vanderbank, both in their Coronation-Robes, The -Duke of Monmouth and his Mother. Princ< Arthur by Johnfon^ Sir Charles Rich, killed at the Ifl< of Rhee, 1627* Sir Chriftopher Hatton. Four Por I traits of Sir Henry Lee's Brothers, by Corn* Johnfom in his beft manner. THE DAMASK BEDCHAMBER. I The Tapeftry which is executed with uncommoJ Exprellion, reprefents Boys- engaged in feveral Sportfc and Employments, fome Squeezing Grapes, others ».! Play, &c. flpeci PAINTINGS. T Admiral Lee. The Queen of Bohemia, by John fori* Lord and Lady Tenham. TAPESTRY DRAWING ROOM, Is furnifhed with Tapeftry not lefs mafterly th; that laft defcribed. The fubje&s are, the Mufes ar Apollo finging and playing on their feveral Inftn ments j Bacchanalian Scenes, and a Vintage. The Paintings are The Countefs of Rochefter, by Sir Peter Let The Countefs of Lindefey, by the fame. Sir Franc; Harry Lee, by Vandyck. Sir Harry Lee, full Lengt in the Robes of a Knight of the Garter, by Johnfi In this Room we are fhewn a large beautiful Int Cheft. From this apartment we have an entertaining Vi< lit::: G fi Ai U kQr itzrc Th pUCCQ bj M DITCHLEY. " 109 !Df a winding Valley, with a Terpentine Canal, over (which is thrown an elegant Bridge from a Deiign of jPalladio's. THE SALON. The Ceiling and Walls are richly Stuccoed in the jmiddle Compartment of the Roof rlora and the Ze* I phyrs ; and on the Walls Minerva and Diana. ANT I CLUE S. The Goddefs Health > three Feet in Height, for- merly in Dr. Mead's Collection. On its Pedeftal is a ■Bas Relief of iEfculapius. A Medallion of a Sleep- ing Cupid, the Diameter of which is nine Inches. THE GREEN DAMASK DRAWING ROOM* The marble Chimney-Piece and Table in this Room are of the m oft beautiful Sorts. The two Co- rinthian Columns to the Chimney Piece and high ifiniftiing of the Whole are worthy of Scheemakery, who was the Artift. The Landfcape in the middle is by Mr. Woiton^ who has gained great Applaufe in this Species of Pairvting. Over the Doors are ftriking Paintings of Ruins, Rocks and Cafcades. The Ita- lian Table in this Room is a valuable and beautiful Curiofity. GILT DRAWING ROOM. This was formerly called the Reft Dining Room- Painting?, viz. A full length Portrait of Charles II. and of the Duchefs of Cleveland, by Lefy. The prefent Duke of Qrafton's Great Grandfather,, and Lady Charlotte Fitzroy* his Lordfliip's Grandmother, by Kneller. The Decorations of the Wainfcot are gilt ; and the ftuccoed Ceiling is correfpondent to the Tafte and Splendor of the reft. Here are two Tables of iEgyp- tian Marble, which juftly demand our Obfervation, The Chimney-Piece of this Apartment is finely exe- cuted j and over it a Landfcape by IVotton. E 3 THE 110 D I T C H L E T, THE VELVET BEDCHAMBER, So called from the Bed and Hangings, which are of * fingular Figure, made at Genoa. The elegant Chim- ney-Piece is by SJisemaker, ornamented with an Italian Profpe£t of a Ruin. The Dreffing Table is of Tortoife-Shell, curroufiy inlaid. It was made in France. T£*E TAPESTRY ROOM, The laft we are fhewn, is curioufly ornamented in thi Chinefe Tafte, and has two elegant and coftly Sconces* The Tapeftry reprefents the Cyclops forging the Ar- mour for iEneas, and Neptune, properly attended, di- recting the refitting a Veflel, which has been fhip- wrecked. The Chimney Piece is of white Marble. Over it is a capital Pidture by Sir Peter Lely of the Duke and Duchefs ofcYork, and the Princefles Mary and Anne, Two Landfcapes oyer the Doors are by an Italian Mafter. The Chairs in this Room are each ornamented with one of the Fables of iEfop. in j this Apartment is a beautiful Fire-Screen of Needle Work, by the Dowager Lady of Henry Earl of Litch- field. The Subject is the Rape of Proferpine. Pro- per to this Apartment are the Chinefe Lady and the Porter with a Cheft of Tea. Two rich Branches on each Side the Chimney Piece; one fupported by a Black-moor, the other by a Mullatto. HEYTHRO.P, THE SEAT. OF THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE EARL OF SHREWSBURY IT is fituated feventeen Miles North of Oxford, and about four and an half from the Seat of the Earl of Litchfield. It ftands on an Eminence and has every de- H E Y T H R O P. in light that can refult from a diverfity of Woo J, Water* Eminences, and Vales. An Avenue of above two Miles, planted on each fide with Foreft Trees, interfperfed with Clumps of % Fir, leads from the North to the grand Area before the Houfe; and by its length and variety, forms an ex- ceeding magnificent Approach. The Architect of this Houfe, though lb modern a Building, is not known. The Houfe is a regular Edifice, confifting of four Fronts, built in a moft elegant ftile of Architecture, and is joined to the Offices by open Arcades. We enter the Houfe by a Flight of Steps under a great Por- tico, fupported by four lofty Corinthian Columns. THE HALL, Is a well proportioned Room, thirty-two Feet by twenty-feven Feet nine. It is finifhed in plain Stucco, and adorned v/ith Vafes and JLamps upon highly finifh- ed Brackets. The Eye is agreeably furprized on our firft entering, by the Reflection of the Avenue, and part of the Hall, from two large mirror Safties on each fide the Door leading to the Salon, which raifes the . idea of another Room of equal Dimenfions and Mag- nificence. From the Hall, we go to the grand Staircafe, the Walls and Ceiling of which are ornamented with Pan- nels and Feftoons of Stucco. We next come to THE BREAKFASTING PARLOUR, A Neat and commodious Room. Over the Chim- ney is a fine Landfcape by Poujftn ; and four other Landfcapes, by an eminent Italian Mafter; as likewife an excellent Portrait of fome unknown Perfon, by Hans Holben : with fome other Lanfcapes and Portraits. From hence we are conducted into the Family Apartments. To the right of the Ante- Chamber, enriched with fome Prints and fome Family Portraits, is his Lordfhip's Drefling-Room ; on the left is her Ladyfhip's Drefiing-Roonu T|iE 112 HE YTHR OP. THE LITTLE BLUE DRAWING ROOM. THIS is an Apartment of twenty one Feet by eighteen and an half, and enriched with an elegant Chimney-piece, of Sienna Marble, executed by the late Mr. Carter. Over the Chimney is a Family Piece of King Charles II. by Vandyck : and on the Sides of the Room the Portraits of the late Earl and prefent Countefs of Shrewfbury, by Mr. Hoare. THE PRINCIPAL BED CHAMBER, Is fitted up with Tapeftry, with a rich blue Damafk Bed and Furniture. The adjoining CJofet is an ele- gant Apartment hung with Chinefe Paper ; from whence we command an extenfive ProlpecT: over the adjacent Country. From the Bedchamber before mentioned we come to THE LIBRARY, Which is a fuperb Room, 83 Feet in length, and 20 in height. The Ornaments of this Room are mafterly : They confift chiefly of the moft elegant and highly finiftied Stucco, by the late and prefent Mr. Roberts of Ox* ford;-— the Defigns of which are admirably adapted to the purpofes of the Place. On the North Side are feven Recedes, one of which Is the entrance from the Hall, and the other fix are filled with elegant Book cafes, over which are curious Medallions of Cicero,Plato,Thucydides,Homer,Shake- fpeare, and Inigo Jones. In this Side are alfo two fuperb Chimney pieces, by Carter^ compofed of rich antique Marble. The Entrances at each Lnd are form- ed to correfpond with the other receffes ; the ferns- circular Arches over which, as well as that leading from the Hall, are ornamented in Stucco with Fables from iEfop, admirably executed ; with a Medallion of the fame kind over each Chimney. The South Side, which fronts the Garden, confifts of eight magnificent Windows, HEYTHROP, 113 Windows, with a pair of folding Glafs Doors, which open to the Terrace, and afford a moft delightful and ^xtenfive Profpecl:. The Ceiling which is entirely plain y is fupported by Columns of the Corinthian Order ; and is encom- paiTed by an exceeding rich. Ionic Entablature. This Room is likewife enriched by pendant Ornaments, in* alto relievoy of Still life. Military, Mufical, and Mathe- matical Initruments \ with a judicious mixture of Fruit and Flowers. THE SMALLER DRAWING ROOM, Is furniflbed with Genoa Flowered Damafk, and has* a, Chimney-piece of fine Marble,, and very curious- workmanfhip. The Ceiling and Cove are in Fret- work Compartments, ornamented with. Birds y Fo- liages, and Feftoons of Flowers- THE GREAT DRAWING ROOM. THIS Apartment is 47 Feet long, 25 broad,, and' 20 high. It is furniflied with excellent Tapeftry,. which for Colour as well as Expreflion, engages the attention: of the Curious. It is the work of Vanderborght, and. reprefents the Four Quarters of the World, well ex- prefTedby Aflemblages of the Natives, in their various Habits and Employments, except Europe, which is in *Mafquerade. Over the four Doors are the Seafons and Elements painted in a very peculiar Style. Thefe figures, in Claro Obfcuro appear as if ftarting from the Can- vas. From the vaft expreffion, yet exceeding light tint of thefe. Pieces, the. Spectator is at firft fight ready to pronounce them Bas Reliefs in white Marble. The Chimney-piece is extremely fuperb, compofed of rich Egyptian Marble, executed by Carter.* The Cornice is fupported by highly carved and polifhed Fi- gures of Ceres and Flora, about five Feet high : The Drapery of thefe Figures, one in the ancient, the other n the modern Style, as well as their Attitudes, are pe- E 5 cularly H4 HEYTHROP. culiarly ftriking and expreflive. In the centre of the Freeze is a raifed Tablet of the Choice of Hercules. Over it is a Painting of the Deftrudtion of Pharaoh and his Hoft in the Read Sea— Suitable to the other Ornaments of this Apartment, the Cieling confifts of reprefentations of the Four Quarters of the World, with the Elements, and Seafons, in Stucco, interfperfed with Fables and other Decorations ; and furrounded by a full enriched Corinthian Entablature. — On the oppo- site fide to the Chimney-piece are two fuperb Glaffes,. upwards of four Feet in breadth, and nine Feet high. — Under thefe Glailes are two rich Tables of Egyptian Marble, upon gilt arid carved Frames; and on the other Piers are two Girandoles of exquifite workman- Ihip, by Anfell. THE MUSIC PARLOUR, Is a fmall neat Room, with a light and well executed Ceiling. THE DINING PARLOUR, A VERY commodious Apartment, of 27 Feet, by 25. The Walls, with the Cove and Ceiling, are de- corated with varied compartments of highly finifhed Ornaments, in Stucco. Over the Chimney, is a Por- trait of the late Duke of Shewfbury. The Environs, or Gardens, are well laid out, A variety of beautiful Scenes ftrike the Spectator in a moft agreeable Succeflion. With very little appear- ance of Art, Nature has received much Affiftance from Tafte. To the South Weft, lofty Trees afford a moft refrefhing Shade, interfperfed v/ith Openings edged with Flowers. Eaftward, a fmall Stream is improved into a winding River, broke by Cafcades, whofe Banks are adorned w th a curious Fancy-building called THE MOSS HOUSE. THIS Edifice is covered with Reeds, and con- firufted of ruftic Oak ; the infide is lined with Mofs €>f various Colours, and the Floor paved in Mofaic- Work, HE YTHR O P. Work, with Horfe's Teeth poliflied. Upon entering this ^Building we have a finking View of two Caf- cades, which afford an agreeable Surprize. This Piece of Water is croffed by a Stone Bridge,, under which is an Engine that fupplies the Houfe with Water ; and above it, at the difiance of about four hundred Paces, is the moft natural, if not the moft ftriking of the Cafcades found here. It is built with Petrefa£tions, and other curious Stones ; and on the Top is a Terrace, planted with Flowering Shrubs. From this Bridge, in another direction, through a Grove, we afcend to a Beautiful Serpentine Walk,, alfo planted with- Flowering Shrubs on each Side,, which terminates in an Octagon Bowling- Green, where we command feveral extenfive^ different, and rnoft de- lightful Profpects,. N U N E H AM-C O U RTNAY, THE SEAT OF THE EARL OF HARCOURT. AT the General Survey this Manor belonged to Richard dedircy : afterwards to the Family x>f Riparys, or Redvers. Mary, youngeft Daughter of William de Redvers, Earl of Devon, (who as well as his Uncle William was fu married de Vernon,) married Robert de Courtenay, Baron of Okenhampton, in 12 14. — -It is probable, that by this marriage the Manor b£ Nuneham was carried into the Family of Courtenay, and thence affumed the Name of Nuneham-Courtenay.. After them fucceeded (the Pollards) Sir John Pol- lard of Devon. From them it came to — Audley of the Court of Wards, called the Rich Audley. From him to Robert Wright, Biihop of Litchfield, E 6 whole xi6 N U N E H A M. whofe Son, Calvert Wright, fold it to John Robinfon, of London, Merchant (temp, Ol. Cromwell) Knighted in 1660, by King Charles II. and made Lieutenant of the Tower. From the Robinfons it defcended to David Earl of Wemys (who married Mary, Daughter and coheir of Sir John Robinfon, Baronet,) from whom it was purchased in the Year 17 10, by Simon, firft Lord Harcourt, Lord High Chancellor of England. The Houfe was built by the late Earl, but has fince been much altered and enlarged (by the addition of a Court of Offices, &c.) according to the Plans of Mr. Brown : it flands in a Park of fix Miles and an half in* circumference, well wooded, and containing near twelve hundred Acres, in which u are Scenes * worthy of the bold pencil of Rubens^ or to be fubjedis for the tranquil funfhines of Claude le Lorrain" The Gar- dens contain thirty-eight Acres, a*id (except the Ter- race and Flower Garden) were laid out by Mr. Brown. From the Center Window of the Breakfaft Room, round the South Side of the Garden, and back again, is half a Mile and hxteen Poles. From the fame Place along the Terrace, round the Hill, at the termination of it, and back again, is a Mile and a Furlong. In entering the Houfe you pafs through a Veftibule, which is ornamented with Doric Columns, and Cafts of Antique Statues; and afcend by an oval Geome- trical Stair-Cafe, to THE SALON, 30 Feet by 16, and 18 and an half high, hung with blue Damafk, and the following Pictures : OVER one of the Chimnies, Sufannah and the Elders, by Annibak Caracci. Over the other. Two Beggar Boys, by Murillio : It came from Penfliurft. * Sec Mr. Walpole's Anecdotes of Painters, o&avo Edition, Vo- lume the fecond a Page 145, The N U N E H A M. 117 Hoe following eight Heads hang on either Side of them. William fifth Lord Paget, by Sir Peter Lely* Lady Ann Finch, fecond Daughter of Sir Thomas Finch, Bart- and firft Earl of Winchelfea, Wife to Sir William Waller, General of the Parliament Army in the Civil War, by Vandyck. A Portrait of one of the Harcourt Family, by Mirevelt \ fine. George Simon Vifcount Nuneham (now Earl Harcourt) at the age of feventeen, by Sir Jojhua Reynolds, capital. Another Portrait of one of the Harcourt Family, which, as well as the former, was a Prefent from Har- court Powell, Efq. Simon Harcourt (afterwards Vif- count and Earl) only Son of the Hon. Simon Har- court ; the Head by Sir Godfrey Kneller. Mrs. Sid- dons, the celebrated Actrefs, in the Character of Ifa- bella in the Fatal Marriage, by Hamilton. Elizabeth, Daughter of King James the Firft, Ele£trefs Palatine, and Queen of Bohemia, by Honthorjl - y a prefent from her to Sir Simon Harcourt. Over the center Door, a Nymph with Cupids, reprefenting Evening, by Valeria Caflelli. Over the other two Doors, Aubrey Vere, twentieth and laft Earl of Oxford of that Houfe, by IValker. Baron RJvynwick, by Mirevelt ; a very good Portrait : the Hands remarkably fine. At one. End of the Room, Henrietta Maria, Queen to King Charles the Firft, by Vandyck. Under it, the Nati- vity, by Pietro da Pietri. At the other End of the Room, Lady Mary Tufton, fifth Daughter of John, fecond Earl of Thanet, firft Wife to Sir William Walter, Bart, of Sarfden in Oxfordshire, by Sir Peter Lely. Under it, Dead Game, by Fjtt, from the Collection of Mr. Bagnols. THE ANTE-R O O M, 24 Feet by 15, and 18 and a half high. OVER the Chimney, Sarah, Daughter of Richard Jennings, Efq. of Sandridge in Hertfordfhire, Wife to John Churchill firft Duke of Marlborough, by Sir Godfrey N U N E H' A M. Godfrey Kneller ; a Prefent from her to the firft Lord Harcourt. Over one Arch, a view of Part of the Quay and Bay of Naples, by Gafpar Occbiali. Over the other Arch, a V iew of Part of Rome and the Ti- ber, by the fame Hand. Under them, Two Heads, by Cornelius yanfen* At one End of the Room, King William, Hunting, with feveral Figures, by Wooton. Under it the two following Pictures, a Herdfman with Cattle, by Peter Vander Leuzv\ from the Colledticn of Mf. Bagnols. A Landfcape, with Cattle, by Rogman. At the other End, a Ruined Bridge, with Figures, by Crabetje. Under it the two following Pictures, Chrift driving the Money-Changers out of the Temple, on Marble,, by Bcffan, The Holy Family, by Albauo. - Over one Door, The Hon. Simon Harcourt, only Son of Simon firft Vifcpunt Harcourt, by Sir Godfrey Kneller. Over the other Door, Elizabeth, Daughter of John Evelyn,, Efq, of Wooton in Surrey, his Wife, by DahL THE LIBRARY, 32 Feet 4 by 19, and 14 Feet 4 Inches high. Over the Chimney, Mary, eldcft Daughter of Wil- liam Danby > Efq* of Swinton in Yorkfhire, Wife to the Hon. William Harcourt, by Opie y after Sir Jofhua Reynolds. A very fine Head of Mr. Prior, by old DahL Mr. Pope, a fine Portrait by Sir Godfrey Kneller : a Prefent fr»m the former to the firft Lord Harcourt. George BufTy Villiers, fourth Earl of Jerfey, by Bromf ton^ after Angelica. Mrs. Pritchard,. the cele- brated A<£trefs, in the character of Hermione in the Winter's Tale, Scene the Laft, by Pine. William Whitehead, Efq. late Poet Laureat, by Wiljon*. Georgiana, daughter of the Right Honourable Ste- phen Poyntz, Efq. Wife to John Earl Spencer, by Gogain^ after Gain/borough. Richard Grenville, Efq. (afterwards Earl Temple) at ti*e age of nineteen, by Rofalba ; N U N E H A M. 119 Rofalba ; a Legacy from Anna Chamber, late Coun- . tefs Temple, Lady Elizabeth, Daughter of Simon, » Earl of Harcourt, Wife to Sir William Lee, Bart, of Hartwell inBuckinghamfhire, in Crayons, by MijsRtad* Mary, Daughter of Brigadier General Le Pel, Wife to John Lord Harvey, Baron of Jckworth; eldeft Son of John firft Earl of Briftolof that Famil y, in Crayons painted at Paris > a prefent from the Hon. Horace Walpole. J. J. Roufleau, by Gogain from Ramfey > fince altered from a Caft taken oft his Face after his Death. The Hon. Horace Walpole, youngeft Son of Sir Robert Walpole, Knight of the Garter, and Earl . of Orford, by Gogain after Ram fay. Mr. Ma- fon, by Doughty, Elizabeth, eldeft Daughter of the Hon. Simon Harcourt, by Zeeman. Henrietta Jane, Daughter of Col. Speed, Wife to the Cornpte de V iry, by Falconet. Anne, eldeft Daughter of Simon firft Viicount Harcourt, Wife to John Barlow, Ffq. of Slebeck in Pemhrokeftiire, by Sir Godfrey Kneller. Over one Door,— Witham, Efq. by Cornelius fan- Jen. Over the other Door, his Wife. THE EATING-ROOM, 33 Feet by 24, and 18 and a half high. The Chimney-Piece was defigned by Stuart, over which hangs a very fine Picture by Sir Jojhua Reynolds sf the prefent Earl and Countefs (Elizabeth, fecond Daughter of George V enables Vernon, firft Lord Vernon) in the Coronation Robes, and of the Hon. Wm. Harcourt, youngeft Son of the late Earl, in the Uniform of Aid-de-Camp to the King. On one Side of the Chimney, a fine Landfcape, with a Water- Fall, by Ruyfdaaly the Figures by Wouvermam. — Under it, a Landfcape, by Claude le Lorrain. On the other Side, Dogs and dead Game, very fine, by Snyder. — Under it, a Lanfcape, by RuyfdaaL Over one Door, William Henry, D uke of Gloucefter, in N U N E H A M. the Robes of the Order of the Garter, by Opie. Over the other Door, Philip, Duke de Vendome (Grand Prieur in 1 710) a very fine Portrait, by Mignard ; a prefent from the Hon. Horace Walpole.. At one End of the Room, Two Views of the Ruins of Rome, &c with Figures, Antique Statues, Vafes, and Bas- reliefs, by Paok Panini ; painted for the late EarL A large Landfcape, by Rofa da TivolL. Under them the Four following, Pi&ures : A Landfcape, by Swanvelt.. Two Fruit-Pieces, by Mi chad Angela Campidoglio* A Landfcape,, with. Figures, by Van Goyen. A Landfcape,. by Gafparo Pcufftn* At the other Fnd, The Meeting of Ulyfles and Nauficaa, very capital,, by Salvaior Rofa \ a Pre- fent to the late Earl, from the Duke de Harcourt. Two other Pieces of Ruins by Pantni*. Under them the Three following Piftures : Noah and his Family preparing to enter the Ark, by Imperiali. . A Farm- Yard, with Figures and Cattle, by Murillio ; from the Collection of Mr. Bagnols* A Landfcape, with a Cottage, by Decker* THE OCTAGON DRAWING-ROOM, 30 Feet by 24, and 18 and a half high, hung with blue Damafk, and the following Pi&ures : On one Side of the Chimney, The Holy Family, a celebrated Pi&ure, by Barocci, known by the Name of la Madonna della Gatta, from the Cat in. one Cor- ner. It has been etched by Himfelf, and was in the Collection of the Earl of Pomfret Under it, The Madonna and Child, very beautiful, by Guido y bought out of the Hotel de Hautfort at Paris. On. the other Side, The Nativity, by Br onzino.. Under it, St. John Preaching in the Wildernefs, by Albano\ from the Collection of the Earl of Waldegrave. Mars, Venus, and Cupids, by NuqIo Poufftn r very capital \ from the Colk&ion N U N E H A M; 121 Collection of Mr. Furnefe. — Under it the Three fol- lowing Pictures : A beautiful Picture of Ruins, with Figures, by Filippo Laura \ from the Collection of Dr. Mead. A Landfcape, with Figures and Cattle, by Bergbem \ a Prefent from Sir John Blaquiere, K. B. A Landfcape by Taverner^ beautiful and very rarej a Prefent from Mils Fauquier. Mofes Sweetening the Waters of Meriba, by Nicola PouJJin : The Figures larger and more highly coloured than thofe of that Mailer's ufually are — Under it the Three following Pictures : Another Picture of Ruins, by the fame Hand, and from the fame Collection as the former. A View of the Rhine, by Vajlerman^ very rare. An Evening, with a Shepherd and Sheep, highly finifhed, by Bamboccio. The following Eight Piflures hang on Either Side of the Doors j and are Jmall : The Trinity, painted on a gold ground, by Andrea del Sarto ; a prefent to the late Earl from Mr. Knap- ton. Spring, with four Cupids, a beautiful Picture, by Filippo Laura •> a Prefent from Wm. Fauquier, Efq. St. Cecilia lying Dead, and two Boy-Angels, exqui- fitely painted, by Dominichino. Chrift crowned with Thorns, by Alleffandro Veronefe^ The Holy Family by Rottenhammer^ in the Style of the Old Italian Maf- ters ; from the Collection of Mr. Fauquier. A mod lively Portrait of Sofoniftba Angufciola, by>Herfelfr very rare ; from the Collection of Mr. Bagnols. Two highly finifhed Views of the Rhine, by Old Griffierre. THE GREAT DRAWING-ROOM, 49 Feet by 24, and 18 and a half high. The Cieling was defigned by Stuart, the Chinmey-. Piece by Paul gandby : It is hung with Crimfpn Da- rjiaflc, and the following Pictures : At one End of the Room, Two large and fine Landfcapes, by Van Artoisi 122 N U N E H A M. Artois\ the Figures by Tamers. — Under them the three following Pictures : Maria, Duchefs of Glou- cefter, lecond Daughter of the Rt'.Hon. Sir Edward Walpole, K, B. and Widow of James fecond Earl of Waldegrave, a capital Portrait, by Sir Jcjhua Reynolds. A Lanfcape with a Cart overturning by Moonlight, a capital Picture, by Rubens^ well known by Bol- fwaert's Print, called la Charette Embourbee ; fr om the Collection of the Cornpte de Guiche at Paris. A Landfcape with Figures, a perfect Picture of Both. On one Side of the Chimney, Saint Margaret, whole- length, a mod capital Picture, by Titian ; it was in the Collection of King Charles the Firft, and has been etched by Hugh Howard (the Painter.) Under it the three following Pictures : A very fine Landfcape with Figures by Nicholo Poujjin ; from the Collection of Mr. Houlditch. It has been engraved by Vivares. A Lanfcape, with Ruins, beautiful, by Pat el, from the Collection of Morif. de la Live at Paris. A fine and bright Landfcape, with Buildings, by Gafparo PoujJin y the Figures by Nicolo. On the other fide, A Land- Under it the three following Pictures : a Landfape* with Figures and Cattle, by Rubens (or Van Eden.) A Landfcape, with Figures and Cattle, by Cuyp > from the Collection of Lord Kingfland, at Dublin. A Moon-light on the Water, a perfect Picture of Van- der Neef. At the other End of the Room, two other large Landfcapes, by Van Artois r the Figures in one of them, by lerriers ; from the Collection of Mr. Bagnols. Under them the three following Pictures : The Holy Family, by le Sue' daugh- ter of Sir Thomas Chaucer, and Wife to William de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk, (temp. Hen. VI.) on her Tomb in the Church of Ewelm. Sir Francis Wal- fingham. Giles Bruges, third Lord Chandos, (a Pre- fent from the Hon. Horace Walpole: it came from Wefton, (Mr. Sheldon's), the Drefs is remarkable* Over the other Door, Sir Robert HarcourV Son of Thomas and Joan, Daughter of Sir Robert Francifs* Nicholas Fuller, a noted Counfellor and Champion of the Puritans; he died in Prifon 1619* Two fmall Sea Pieces. View of the Temple of V'efta at TivolL Ditto of the Amphitheatre at Rome, by Gafpar Oc- chiali. A Cupid in Crayons, by Mlfs Ready a Pre- feat from lien An Old Man's Head ditto, by Lut~ tereL A S,ea~port, by Tempefta^ of Genoa. Ruins, with a View of Rome, by ditto. King James I. by Marc. Garrard. A Woman on Horfebark,, with fe- veral Figures and Animals by Watteau. A Battle by Wyck* Michael Son of Sir Walter Hrcourt; He commanded one of his Brother Robert's Ships in Sir W, Raleigh's N U N E H A M. 125 W, Raleigh's Expedition. A Nymph and Satyr, af- ter Jordaens. Mr. Addifon, in Crayons. JohnSother- ton, Baron of the Exchequer. Jolifte, Efq, by Peter Lely. Architecture with Figures, by Viviani* Dogs attacking a Boar, by Oudry. SECOND DRESSING-ROOM. Over the Chimney, Mary Daughter of Sir Wm. Waller. William de Harcourt, Knt. fon of Robert, and Ifabel who brought the Manor of Stanton into the Harcourt Family. Simon Harcourt, (afterwards Vif- count and Earl, only Son of the Hon. Simon Harcourt, by Sir Godfrey Kneller. Maud, Daughter of John Lord Grey, of RotherfieJd, and Widow of John Lord Botetort, wife to Thomas de Harcourt. Knt. Son of Sir William and Johanna, daughter of Richard Ld. Grey of Codnon. Obt. 17th of Richard II. From her Tomb at Stanton Harcourt. Rebecca, Daughter of Joliffe, Efq. Wife to Sir Samuel Mover. A Sea-port with Figures — Italian. Robert Harcourt, Knight, Son of Sir John and Ann, Daughter of Sir John Norris ; he was Standard-bearer to King Henry VIL at the Battle of Bofworth ; Knight of the Bath, 1495, and Banneret 1497. From his Tomb at Stan- ton-Harcourt. Sir Samuel Moyer, Bart, by Riley. good. A Landfcape, by Ermels, a prefent from Sir Jn. Blaquiere. Dogs, Dead Game, &c. by Snyder. A Landfcape — Italian. Two Landfcapes, by Wooton \ that on the left, very good. Chrift and St. John, af- ter Rubens, by one of his Scholars. Three Small Drawings in Oil, School of Rubens. A View in Ire- land, by Dearie. Penelope, after Angelica. A fa- vourite Dog, by Falconet. Mary Daughter of Richard Spencer of Derbyfhire Efq. Wife to Wm* Jennings, Efq. of Long Wittenham, Berks. A Head, by Sir Godfrey Kneller. Over the Door, Frederick fecond Son of Sir Simon Harcourt* THE THE FLOWER-GARDEN. TH I S fmall Spot contains only about an Acre and a Quarter ; but from the irregularity of its Form, the inequality of the Ground, and the difpofition of the Trees, it appears of cbnfiderable extent : The Boundary is concealed by a deep Plantation of Shrubs, which unites with the furrounding Foreft Trees that ftand in the Park. The Garden is laid out in Patches of Flowers and Clumps of Shrubs, of unequal dimenfions, and various Shapes, and a Gravel Walk leads round it, to the different Buildings and Bufts, on which are the following Infcriptions : At the Entrance, under the Pediment of a Doric Gate, is infcribed the following Sentence from J. J. Roufleau (in allufion to the Flowers :) Si Vauteur de la Nature eji grand dans les grander chofeS) il eji tres grand dans les petites. Fronting the Gate is a Burt of FLORA on a Therm j Here fprings the Violet all newe, And frefh Perwinke riche of he we ; And Flouris yalowe, white, and rede Such plenti grew ther ner in mede : Full gai is all the Grounde, and queint And poudrid, as Men had it peint, With many a frefh and fondry Floure Tiiat caftin up ful gode favoure. Chaucer. Turning to the right a Buft of COWLEY, with the following Infcription : When Epicurus to the World had taught, That Pleafure was the chiefeft good, His life he to his do&rine brought, And in a Garden's fhade, that fovereign good he fought* Cowley. In a more wild and retired Part of the Walk (with si high Shrubbery on either Side of it) which leads through NUNEfl AM, 127 through, detached Trees to the Grotta, are Bulls of Cato of Utica, and of Jean Jacques Roufleau, with the following Inscription : CATO. A*ce nom faint y et augujle^ tout ami de la vertu Doit mettre le front dans la fouJJtere y et honoror En filence la memoir e du plus grand des hommes. J. J. Rouseau* , ROUSSEAU, Say, is thy honeft Heart to Virtue warm ! Can Genius animate thy feeling Breaft ! Approach, behold this venerable Form, * 1 is Roufleau ; let thy Bofom fpeak the reft. Bk. Boothby. Efq. THE GROTTA, Is compofed of rough Stones, intermixed with Spars and Petrifactions, to imitate a natural Cavern, and the Front partially concealed by Ivy and a variety of Rock Plants : In one Corner of the Grotta on a Piece of white Marble of an irregular Form are infcribed thefe Verfes from the Comus of Milton : Mufing Meditation moft affects The penfive fecrecy of defert Cell j * And Wifdom's felf Oft feeks to fweet retired Solitude, Where with her beft nurfe, Contemplation, She phirr s her Feathers, andlets grow her Wings, That in the various Buftle of Refort, Were all too ruffled, and lometimes impair'd. Proceeding through a continuation of the fame Shrubbery (which appears to grow on rocky Ground) after having pafled the Buft of Locke, you look over the 128 N U N E H A U. the wideft Part of the Garden^ and fee the Dome of the Church above the Trees in the oppofite Boundary. LOCK E. Who made the whole internal World his own, And fhew'd confefs'd to Reafon's purged Eye, That Nature's firft beft Gift, was Liberty* (The firft line is from Thomfon ; part of the fe- cond, and the whole of the third, from Mafon.) THE TEMPLE OF FLORA, The Defign taken from a Doric Portico at Athens : in the center of the back Wall is a Medallion of Flora, from the Antique, in white Marble, and under it this Infcription from Ariofto : Vaghi bojchetti di foavi Alkri, Di Palme, e d'amenijjime Mortelle, Cedriy et Aranci, c'havean fautti e fiori, 'Contejti in varie forme e tutte belle, Facean riparo a i fervidi calori Di giorni ejlivi con lot fpejje ombrelle : E tra quel rami con ficuri voli, Cantando fe ne gians i Rojjigiwli* A Buft of FAUNUS on one Side of the Temple. Faunus would oft, as Horace fings, Delighted with his rural feats, Forfake Arcadia's groves and fprings, For foft Lueretile's retreats. 'Twas Beauty charm'd, what wonder then, ! Enamoured of a fairer fcene, The changeful God fhould change again, And here, for ever fix his reign ? Wm, Whitehead. Efq. A Buft of PAN on the other Side. Here univerfal Pan, Knit with the Graces, and the Hours in Dance, Leads on th' eternal Spring, Milton-* N U N E H A M. BUST OF VENUS. Thee Goddefs, thee the Clouds andTempefts fear* And at thy pleafing prefencQ difappear : For thee the Land in fragrant Flow'rs is drefs'd. Dryden, from Lucretius. BUST OF APOLLO. Lucido DiOj Per cai V April fiorifce. Metastatic. THE BOWER Is a fquare Building twelve Feet by ten, the Ceiling is coved, and the whole painted green : the Front is covered with a Treillage of the fame Colour, againft which are planted Rofes, Woodbines, Jeffamines, arid feveral kinds of Creepers, and appears like three Arches cut through the Shrubbery ; within is a caft of Cupid and Pfyche from the Antique, and on a Tablet above the center Arch, are infcribed the following Verfes, Fair Quiet have I found thee here, With Innocence thy fitter dear ! Miftaken long, I fought thee then, In bufy Companies of Men ; Your facred Plants, at length I know, Will only in Retirement grow. Society is all but rude, % _ To this delicious Solitude, Where all the Flowers and Trees do clofe To weave the Garland of Repofe. And. Marveix. BUST OF PRIOR. See, Friend, in fome few fleeting Hours, See yonder what a change is made ! Ah me ! the blooming pride of May, And that of Beauty are but One $ At Morn, both flourifh, bright and gay, Both fade at Evening, pale and gone* i: . • F THE N -U N E H .A M« THE URN, Placed 1. Reprefenting Mercury conducting Tragic and Comic Poetry to the Hill of Parnajjus. 2. A Goddefs conducting Learning to Truth* II. Tbe State Drejjing-Room Is 24 Feet 8 Inches by 30 Feet, and 19 Feet 4 Inches high \ Hung with Blue Damafk, and Chairs and Window Curtains of the fame. The Doors and Ceiling are finely ornamented with Carving and Gilding. F 5 The STOW. The Paintings are, A fine Portrait of the late Lord Cobham^ by Sir Godfrey Kneller. Four Converfation Pieces, by Francifco Cippo. Venus binding the Eyes of a Cupid, and the Graces offering Tribute. III. The State Bed-Chamber Is 56 Feet 8 Inches by 25 Feet 10 Inches, and 18 Feet 8 Inches high. The Bed and Ceiling by Signior Borra ; and Pillars of the Corinthian Order : The whole finely carved and gilt. A Madona from the School of Rubens. A Pidture over the Chimney. A very Curious Chimney-Piece of White Marble, defigned by Signor Borra. Two Marble Tables. Two fine large Pier GlalTeSt IV. The State Clofet, Hung with Crimfon Damafk.— In it a Pi&ure of the King of Denmark, by Angelica ; facing which is a Por- trait of La Belie Terroniere, Miftrefs to Francis the- firft, by Leonardo da Vinci. The Chinefe Clofet^ W ainfeoted with Japan and other Ornaments, Prefents from ftie late Prince and Princefs of Wales. — The Fur- niture white Satin. A Patfage, Ornamented with Marble Bufts. A Grand Stair-Cafe^ Adorned with Paintings of the four Seafons. The Ceiling reprefents the rifing Sun. Phoebus in. his Car. The Length of the Line through the Houfe 450 Feet: the Offices 450 Feet; the whole Extent is qoo Feet* _ * THE s ( i39 ) .THE GARDENS. A ftraight Gravel Road, of two Miles in length, leads from Buckingham to a large Corinthian Arch, 60 Feet high, and 60 Feet wide, decorated on each Side with a large Column, from whence appears the Gar den-Front of his Lordfhip's Houfe, {landing on the Summit of a Hill, and encompaffed by the Garden and Park. From this Arch, you defcend to the Garden Entrance ; but the Road to the Houfe leads through the Arch, in which are Dwelling Rooms for the Keeper, and is beautifully diverfifled with Hill, Valley, Lawn^ River^ and a perpetual Change of Scene arifing from the numerous Buildings intermixed with W ood. At the South Entrance of the Gardens are two Pa- vilions fupported by Doric Pillars. Here you have a View of the Houfe, and of the two Rivers on the Right-hand meeting in one Stream, which run into a kind of Bay. Turning to the Left Hand you defcend to Artificial Ruins of a Temple of two River-Gods, covered with Evergreens, and adorned with the Statues of Fauns, Satyrs, and River-Gods, a beautiful Cafcade of three Sheets of Water falls from a River above into a Lake of ten Acres. The Shepherd's Covey defigned by Kent, is feated in a rifing Wood, on the Banks of the Lake ; on the W alls of which is engraved the following Monumental Infcription : To the Memory of SIGNIOR FIDO, An Italian of good Extraction ; Who came into England, Not to bite us, like moft of his Countrymen^ But to gain an honeft livelihood^ ■ He hunted not after Fame 5 Yet acquired it > F 6 Regard- S T O W. Regardlefs of the Praife of his Friends, But moft fenfible of their Love, Tho' he liv'd amongft the Great, He neither learnt nor flatter'd any Vice* He was no Bigot, Tho' he doubted of none of the XXXIX Articles. And if to follow Nature And to refpeft the Laws of Society Be Philofophy, He was a perfect Philofopher ; A faithful Friend, An agreeable Companion, A loving Hufband, Diftinguiflied by a numerous Offspring, All which he lived to fee take good Courfes. In his old Age he retir'd To the Houfe of a Clergyman in the Country, Where he finifhed his earthly Race, And died an Honour and an Example to the whole Species. READER, This Stone is guiltlefs of Flattery, For he to whom it is infcrib'd Was not a Man, But a GREY-HOUND. The TEMfLE dedicated to Venus, with this Infcription, Veneri Hortensi. It is a fquare Building with circular Arches and Wings, defigned by Mr. Kent 5 the Infide is adorned Avith Paintings by Mr. Sclater^ taken from Spencer^ Fairy Queen.— The Lady is the fair Hellinore. The Pannel in the Ceiling is adorned with a naked Venus. Upon the Frize is the following Motto from Catullus. Nunc amet qui nondum amavit \ £)uique amavit , nunc amet. Let him love now, who never lov'd before : Let him who always lov'd, now love .the more* STOW. 141 The Late QUEEN's Statue Is ere&ed on four Ionic Colums. — On the Pedeftal is this Infcription : DivjE Carolina. To the Divine Caroline. Two Pavilions. One of them is made ufe of as a Dwelling-Houfe ; the other ftands in the Garden ; the Space between form a Gate-way, defigned by Kent, which is the Entrance into the Park,' " -From hence there is a noble View of a Bridge with a fine Serpentine River, and a Road, terminated by two Lodges, which form a grand Approach from Oxford/hire to the Park and Houfe. St. Augustine's Cave, is a Cell formed of Mofs and Roots of Trees interwoven : this is fituated in a retired Thicket. In this Cave is a Straw Couch, a Wooden Chair, three Windows or Holes, over which is the follow- ing Infcription in Monkifh Latin Verfe. Cur gaudes, Sat ana, muliebrem fumere for mam ? Non fades voii cajii me rumpere nor mam. Heus fugite in cellam , pulchram vitate puellam ; Nam radix mortis fuit olim fcemina in bortis. Satan, why deck'd in female Charms, Doft thou attack my Heart ? P My vow is proof againft thy Arms, 'Gainft all thy Wiles and Art. Ah ! Hermits flee into your Cells, Nor Beauty's Poifon feed on, • — The Root of Death (as Story tells) Was Woman fir ft in Eden. 7he Temple of Bacchus, a ftucco'd Building, the Infide adorned with the Revels of Bacchus, painted by Nottikinsi Nelson's S T O W. Nelson's Seat, With a Doric Portico. In it are the following Infcriptions defcribing the Paintings. On the Right Hand: Ultra TJphratem et Tigrim ufque ad Oceanum propagata ditione, OrbisTerrarumlmperiumRomaadfignatoptimusPrinceps-, cut fup er advolat Victoria Laurigerum fertum hinc inde ' , utraque manu extendens comitantibus Pietate et Abundantia. In Arcu Conftantini. That is, * Beyond Euphrates and Tigris, having ex- tended his dominion even to the Ocean, the moft ex- cellent Prince affigns the Empire of the World to Rome : Above whom flies Victory, extending a Laurel Wreath on either Side, with both Hands, attended by Piety and Plenty. In the Arch of Gonjlantine" On the Left: PojlObitum L. Veru. in imperio cum Marco confortis. Roma integrant or bis Terr arum potejiatem ei et in eo contulit. t In Capitolio. That is, w after the death of Lucius Verus, aflbciate in the Empire with Marcus, Rome conferred on him the entire command of the whole Earth. In the Capitol" The Equejlrian Statue of King George the Firjl in complete Armour, oppofite the North Front of the Houfe, with this Inscription from Virgil ; In medio mihi Cafar erit. Et viridi in Gampo Signum d$ Marmort ponam Propter Aquam. Cqbham. Thus STOW. Thus Tranflated : « Full in the midft fhall Caefar's Form divine " Aufpicious ftand, the Godhead of the Shrine.— " And near the ftream a Marble Statue rear." The Statue of His late Majesty, raifed on a Co- rinthian Pillar, with this Infcription : Georgio Augujlo. That is "To George Auguftus." Dido's Cave, a retired dark Building, with this Infcription, from Virgil : Speluncam Dido, dux et Trojanus y eandem Deveniunt. — Thus Tranflated : " To the fafe covert of one Cavern came u The Trojan Leader, and the Tyrian Dame." The Rotundo is raifed upon Ionic Pillars, and is or- namented with a Statue of Bacchus. The Building by Sir John Vanbrugh, altered by Borra. From hence we pafs into the Paterre, where, on the Right-hand, we have the Profpect of the Corinthian Arch (mentioned before), and on the Left, the Houfe. In the adjoining Wood A Doric Arch, {landing on an Eminence/ accom- panied with the Statues of Apollo and the nine Mufes^ forms an Entrance into a very pleafing Sckne. On the back Front of the Attic is infcribed AMELIA SOPHIA AUG. To her Royal Highnefs the Princefs Amelia Sophia. Through the Arch is feen the Paladian Bridge, and a Caftle on the oppofite Hill. The Temple of Antient Virtue*, is a Rotundo cf the Ionic Order by Mr. Kent 5 on the Outfide, over each Poor is this Motto ; Prifc& 144 STOW. Prifcte Virtuti. To Ancient Virtue. And in four Niches within, ftanding at full Lengthy are the Statues of Lycurgus y Socrates^ Horner^ ami Epaminondas. Captain Grenville's Monument^ being a naval Co- lumn erected by the Late Lord Cobban^ in honour of i Captain Grenvilie^ upon the Top of which Heroic Poetry holds in her Hand a Scroll with Non nifi Grandia Canto, Heroic Deeds alone my Theme. Upon the Plinth and on the Pedeftal are the follow- ing Infcriptions ; DIGNUM LAUDE VIRUM MVS A VET AT MORI. The Mufe forbids Heroic Worth to die. Sororis Jute Filio Thom^e Grenville, £)ui navh Prceftclus regice^ Ducente ciajjem Eritannkarn Georgio Anfon y Dvrn contra G altos fortijjime pugnarety Dilacerata novis ingenti fragmine, Fermore gravher percujjo^ Perire y dixit moribundus> omn.o fatius ejfe y £$uam inertia reum in judicio fi/li } Columnam banc rojlratam (# Laudans et nicer ms pofuit f Cobb am. Inftgne viriuiis^ eheu ! rarijjima Exemplum babes ° 3 Ex quo difcas^ Quid virum prafetturd militari ornatum Deccat. MDCCXLVII. That is, u To the Son of his Sifter, Thomas Gren- ville, who being Captain of one of his Majefty's Ships, under the command of Admiral Anfon, while he va- liantly STOW. lianty fought againit the French, and was mortally wounded in the Thigh, declaring in his laft Moments, that it was better to fuffer than to be tried for cowar- dice, Cobham, expreffing at once his approbation and regret, erected this roftrated Column. This is^ alas ! an example of courage too feldom found, from whence we may learn how it becomes a Commander to behave.*" From this Column, we have a moft beautiful View of the Britijh Worthies, of the Temple of Ancient Virtue, and of the Elyfian Fields. * Here we crofs the Serpentine* River, over The Shell Bridge, by Kent, which brings us to The Temple of British Worthies, by Kent ; a Building cut into Niches, wherein are placed the following Buftos ; Alexander Pope, who uniting the Corre&nefs of Judgment to the Fire of Genius, by the Melody and Power of his Numbers, gave Sweetnefs to Senfe, arid Grace to Philofophy. He employed the pointed Brilliancy of Wit to chaftife the Vices, and the Elo- quence of Poetry to exalt the Virtues of human Na- ture \ and being without a Rival in his own Age, imi- tated and tranflated with a Spirit equal to the Origi- nals, .the beft Poets of Antiquity, * Sir Thomas Gresham, who by the honourable L Profeflion of a Merchant having enriched himfelf and his Country, for carrying on the Commerce of the World, built the Royal Exchange. Ignatius Jones, who to adorn his Country, introduced and rivalled the Greek and Roman Archi- tecture. John S T O W. John Milton, whofe fublime and unbounded Ge- nius equall'd a Subject that carried him beyond ths Limits of the World. I William Shakespeare, whofe excellent Genius opened to him the whole Heart of Man, all the Mines of Fancy, all the Stores of Nature ; and gave him Power, beyond all other Writers, to move, aftonifli, and delight Mankind.. John Locke, whobeft of all Philosophers,- under- ftood the Powers of the Human Mind, the Nature,* End, and Bounds of Civil Government; and with equal Sagacity, refuted the flavifti Syftem of ufurped Authority over the Rights, the Confciences, or fchfc Reafon of Mankind,. Sir Isaac Newton, whom the God of Nature- made to comprehend his Works : and from fimple Principles to difcover the Laws never known before y and to explain the Appearances never underftood, of this ftupendous Uni verfe. Sir Francis Bacon Lord Verulam, who,-by the Strength and Light of fuperiour Genius, rejeiling vain Speculation and fallacious Theory, taught to purfue Truth, and improve Philofophy by the certain Method of Experiment. In the Niche of a Pyramid is placed a Mercury y -w\t\i thefe Words fubfcribed : •Campos ducit ad Elyftos* Leads to the Elyfian Fields, King Alfred, the mildeft, jufteft, rnoft beneficent $f Kings y who drove out the Danes> fecured the Seas, protected S T O W. 147 prote&ed Learning, eftablifhed Juries, crufh'd Cor- ruption, guarded Liberty, and was the Founder of the Englijh Conffitution. Edwaed, Prince ofTVale^ the Terror of Europe^ the Delight of England \ who preferved unaltered, in the Height of Glory and Fortune, his natural Gentle- nefs and Modefty. Queen Elizabeth, who confounded the Proj eels, and deftroyed the Power that threatened to opprefs the Liberties of Europe ; {hook off the Yoke of Ecclefiafti- cal Tyranny ; reftored Religion from the Corruptions of Popery \ and by a wife, a moderate, and a popular. Government, gave Wealth, Security, and Refpeft to England. King W illiam III. who, by his Virtue and Con- ftancy, having faved his Country from a foreign Maf- ter, by a bold and generous Enterprize, preferved the Liberty and Religion of Great- Britain. Sir Walter Raleigh, a valiant Soldier, and an able Statefman ; who endeavouring to roufe the -Spirit of his Matter, for the Honour of his Country, againft the Ambition of Spain^ fell a Sacrifice to the Influence of that Court, whofe Arms he had vanquished, and whofe defigns he oppofed. Sir Francis Drake, who, through many Perils, was the firft of Britons that ventured to fail round the Globe ; and carried into unknown Seas and Nations the Knowlege and Glory of the Englijh Name. John Hampden, who, with great Spirit and con- fummate Abilities, began a noble Oppofition to an arbitrary Court, in Defence of the Liberties of his Country % 148 STOW. Country; fupported them in Parliament, and died for them in the Field. Sir John Barnard, who diftinguiftied himfelf in Parliament by an a£tive and firm Oppofition to the pernicious and iniquitous Practice of Stock-jobbing ; At the fame time exerting his utmoft abilities to en- creafe the ftrength of his Country, by reducing the In- tereft of the National Debt ; which he propoled to the Houfe of Commons in the Year 1737, and with the Affiftance of Government, carried into Effe£t, in the Year 1750, on Terms of equal Juftice to Particulars and to the State : notwithftanding all the impediments which private Intereft could oppofe to public Spirit. The Cold Bath. The Grotto ftands at the Head of the SerpentineRi- ver, and on each Side a Pavilion, the one ornamented with Shells, the other with Pebbles and Flints broke to Pieces. The Grotto is furniftied with a great number of Looking-glafles both on the Walls and Ceiling, all in Frames of Plaifter- Work,, fet with Shells and Flints. A Marble Statue of Venus^ on a Pedeftal ftuck with the fame. The Temple of Concord and Viflory^ is a large beau- tiful Buftding in the antique Tafte, decorated with 28 fluted Columns of the Imlc Order, and one of the principal Ornaments in the Garden. — It has fix Sta- tues on the Top, as big as Life, and the front Pedi- ment is adorned with a Piece of Alt-Relief, by Mr. Scheetnaker^ reprefenting the four Quarters of the World bringing their various Products to Britannia. «-In the Frize of the Portico is this Infcription : Concordia et Viclorice* To Concord and Vidtory. In STOW. In the Anti-Temple there are two Medallions defcribing Concordia Faderatorum : Concordia Civium : Concord of the Allies : National Concord. ' From this Portico is feen in a diagonal line, An Obelisk in the Park, above an hundred Feet high, Infcribed to Major General Wolfe. Ojlendunt Terris hunc tantum Fata The Fates but fliew him to the World. 1759- This Obelifk Hands upon a Hill in the approach from Northamptonjhirey which is very magnificent : At the Entrance from the Duke of Grafton's Foreft there are two Lodges from whence a very broad Line, of three Miles in length, conducting us through Woods, is terminated by the Temple of Concord and Viftory.-— . In the other diagonal Line from . the Temple, ftands a lofty fluted Column, eredted to the Memory of the late Lord Vifcount Cobham. A Gravel Path leads by the Statue of Hercules and Antaus^ fkirting the Valley, to the Circle of the' dancing Faun, furrounded with Statues of Shepherds and ShepherdefTes. " And every Shepherd tells his Tale