ANF.GLOGVE. 
 
 gIratvlatorie. 
 
 Entitulecb 
 
 f (To the right honorable,and reiiowmed 
 ohepheard oft tA Ibions Arcadia.: Robert 
 
 / Earle of EJfex and Ewe } for his welcome 
 
 I into England from 
 
 Portugal!. 
 
 Done by George TPeele ♦ 
 Maifter of arts in Oxon, 
 
 AT LONDONj 
 
 * rintedby T^ickard fones, and /re to be 
 
 folde at the figne of the Roland • 
 Crowne , oueragain^the 
 Fauleon. i ; S.p. 
 
THE BOOKE 
 
 OF HONOR 
 
 V 
 
 and Armes. 
 
 AT LONDON. 
 
 Printed by Richard ihones, dwelling at the/lgne^ 
 the Rofeand Crowne neere Hplbui'nv 
 Conduit, i j c? o. 
 
THE BOOKE 
 
 OF HONOR 
 
 and Amies. 
 
 Wherein is difcourfed the 
 caufes of Quarrcll, and the na- 
 ture of Iniuries, with 
 their repulfes. 
 
 aAlfo the meanes of fat is fic- 
 tion and pacification; with di- 
 uers other things neceffarie to 
 be knowneof all Gentlemen 
 and others profeffing 
 Armesand Honor. 
 
 Fortes & magnanimi fitnt habendi, 
 non qui fitciunt, fed qni propul/ant 
 inimutm. 
 
TO THE RIGHT HO~ 
 
 norable Sir Chriftopher Hatton, 
 
 Knight of the mo ft noble Order, and 
 Lord Chancellor of England: 
 
 Richard Ihones Trinter^ifheth long life, 
 with encrcaje ofhappinejj’e. 
 
 Ight Honorable, the ma- 
 nifold teftimonies of your 
 loue both '•unto Honor 
 and Armes, haue induced 
 me to thinl^the fir ft fight 
 of this fmall boo he doth of 
 right belong <~vnto your 
 Lor djhip, being by the due degrees of r vertueaf- 
 cended to that place, 'tobich among others in 
 this Realme, is ( and long hath been ) reputed 
 mofi honorable. To your L.therefore f humblie 
 dedicate the fame, as 'unto him, that by cenfure 
 of our Soueraigneftoith the applaufe of pfple, 
 hath in hand the confideration of afld ns a p~ 
 perteimng to equitie, Honor and ju$ c *‘ 
 
 eA ' f' 
 
 7~tie 
 
 vr( ertie 
 
The Epiftle Dedicatorie. 
 
 properiie of li'hich njertue (as Cicero faith) 
 is to fore fee that no r violence be offer ed^but on- 
 lie by him that "frith iniurie is thereunto prouo- 
 fsd: and that things common jhould bee com - 
 monhenjfedy and pnuate things pr mat lie en- 
 ioyedrBy "frhich rule appearethjhat vertue al- 
 loloeth hi ( l reuenge^ and admitteth the defence 
 of propertie and right. But for that your Lord- 
 flap hath been astoellan all or in Armes, as a 
 knofrer of "fr hat is due to Honor 3 1 omit to fay 
 moreyither of the one or the other : bef etching 
 your good Lordjhip to pardon my holdneffe^ancl 
 take in acceptable "frife the entent of the cAu- 
 thor y "frho both by election and obligation ac- 
 kno’frledgeth himfe If yours. 
 
 T our Lordfhips euer to 
 commaund: 
 
 Richard Ihones, 
 
T o the l\eader. 
 
 HE caufe of all Quarrcll is 
 Iniurie and reproach, but the 
 matter of content, is luftice 
 and Honor. For loue where- 
 of, we fhun no care of minde, 
 Ioffe of wealth, nor aduen- 
 ture of life. Hereof pro- 
 cecdcth ail deputation in 
 Schooles, pleading in lawe, wane, and all worldlie 
 wrangling. For who fo is either in deede or opinion, 
 perfwaded to haue truth and reafon on his fide, doth 
 not onlie conftantlie beleeue that fo it is, but alfo be- 
 ing thereof denied, holdeth himfelfe imured, and 
 confequently burthened.True it is, that the Chnlhan 
 lawe willeth men to be of fo perfect patience, as not 
 onlie to indure injurious words, but alfo qmetlic to 
 fuffer cucric force and violence. Notwithffanding, 
 forfomuch as nonefor verie fewc mcn)haueattained 
 fuch perfedion, the lawesof all Nations, forauoy- 
 ding further inconueniences, and the mam fellatio# 
 of truth, haue (among many other trials ) permit, 
 that fuch quelfions as could notbeeciuilie proved 
 by confefsion , witncfle, or other circui/^^es, 
 fhould receiuc ludgement by fight and C o^baup/’ 
 pofingthat GOD (who onelie knowe^do^^^ 
 
 A 2 
 
To the Reader, 
 
 thoughts of all men) would giue vi&orie to him that 
 iufflie aduentured his life, for truth, Honor, and Iu- 
 llice. 
 
 Seeing then that al humaine lawes haue permitted 
 the triall of Armes, and that euerieiniuriousa£b’on 
 not repulfed, is by common confent of allMartiall 
 mindes holdena thing dilhonorable, infamous,and 
 reproach full ; it cannot be, but at fome times and oc- 
 cafions fuch queflions and quarrels ihall arife, as ne- 
 ceflarilie mull receiue triall by the Sword. And Cicero 
 faith, that hee who repulfeth not an iniurie, being 
 ablejoffendeth no leffe,than if he had abandoned his 
 friends , parents and countrie .By thefe reafons appea- 
 reth that the triall by Armes is not onlienaturall, but 
 alfo neceffarie and allowable. Not wit! landing, for 
 that the vulgar fort(and many right noble alfo)be ig- 
 norant what are the true caufes requiring triall of 
 Armes, and what words ordeedes areoffuchquali- 
 tie as ought bee repulfcd or reuenged; I haue at the 
 earnefl: requefls and often defires of verie honorable 
 friends (by way of abreuiation) reduced into this 
 fmall volume, all caufes of Quarrell or Combat, the 
 nature of Iniuries and repulfes,the equalitie and dife- 
 qualitie of men, who may bee challenged, and for 
 what refpects Challenges ought bee refufed : with 
 many other things in matter of Honor and Armes 
 worthie to be knowne and confidered. 
 
 And albeit I am not ignorant that publique Com- 
 bat^ re i n tfos a g e either rarelieor neuergraunted, 
 yet foiq-jac (as is before faid) no prouidcnce can pre- 
 'IrT ^ queflions and quarrels that dayiie happen 
 ^f^ndemen and others profefsing Armes, it 
 
 fhall 
 
To the Reader, 
 
 ftiall notbeamiffe, but rather behouefull that all men 
 fhould be fullie informed what iniurie is,and howto 
 repulfe it, when to fight, when to reft fatiffied, what 
 is Honor and good reputation, how it is gained, and 
 by what meanes the Tame is kept Sc preferued; which 
 was the refpeft that the Earle Balthazar Cajlilio in his 
 booke of the Courtier, doth among other qualities 
 requireablc in a gentleman, fpecially aduife he fhould 
 beeskilfull in the knowing of Honor, and caufcs of 
 quarrell. This booke doth not incite men tovnad- 
 uifed fight, or needles reuenge(as fome Ample wit 
 may furmize) but enformeth the true meanes how 
 to fhunne all offences : or being offended, fheweth 
 the order of reuenge and repulfe , according vnto 
 Chrilhan knowledge and due refpeft of Honor. 
 
 And for that the dignitie of Knighthood apper- 
 teincth chieflie to Martiall merite, I haue thought fit 
 brieflie to touch the original thereof : declaring how 
 many Orders or degrees of Knights were in times 
 paft,and of them,how many yet extant. 
 
 W e hauenot in this worke medled with Armo- 
 rie, or blazing of Badges > but chieflie touched mat- 
 ters orfenciue to reputation and Honor , whereof 
 Combat or particular triall of Armes ought to enfue. 
 If ought els is looked for, it may bee taken from the 
 learned. T rattant Fabrilia fabri. 
 
 FINIS. 
 
 A 3 
 
 
The Contents of this workediui- 
 
 ded into fine Cookes, 
 
 ThefirftBooke. 
 
 \ JVJ fiat a Combat island the original! thereof. cap. I . 
 
 * Of the order of challenging and defending. cap.2. 
 
 For what caufi the partie belied ought to challenge 3 and of the 
 nature of the Lie. cap. 3. 
 
 Of the nature and diner (itie of Lies. cap. 4. 
 
 Of Lies cert eine. cap. 5. 
 
 Of Lies condition all. cap. 6. 
 
 Of Lies gener all. cap. 7. 
 
 Of Lies fbeciall. cap.8. 
 
 Of vara e Lies. cap .9. 
 
 Whether a man iniuredin pro fence of a Trince, itfufficeth of 
 anfwer in prefence ofpriuate Gentlemen. cap. 1 o. 
 
 Of the returns of Lies. cap.11. 
 
 HoW vpon euerie Lie the triall o f ^Armes is not necejfartc. 
 
 cap. 1 2. 
 
 Of the for me of a Cartel er letter of Defiance. cap. 1 3 . 
 
 The fccond Booke. 
 
 F lniurie and Burden. cap. 1 . 
 
 HoW fhamcfuli and difienor able it is to offer iniurie With 
 advantage and coWardhe. cap . 2 . 
 
 T hat euerie Lie giuen, ought not occafon Combat. cap. 3 . 
 
 For what caufis the Combat is to be granted. cap.4. 
 
 How bctWeene Padrincs no fight or qnarrell ought be. cap. 5 . 
 Of Armes both offenente and defenciue. cap. 6 . 
 
 Of the eleflion of the Weapon. cap.7. 
 
 H ow nnar.ie waits viclorie is gained. cap. 8 . 
 
 What whs ancient lie due vnto fitch as were victorious in pub- 
 {t V te Combat. cap p. 
 
 The 
 
THE TABLE. 
 
 The third Booke. 
 
 XJ\T Hat fortes of men ought not bee admitted in triad of 
 ’ * t/irmes. cap.i. 
 
 Whether a Baftard may challenge a Gentleman to Combat, 
 
 cap. 2. 
 
 Of restitution of Honor . cap. 3. 
 
 Ofthedtfecjualitie of Gentlemen. cap.4. 
 
 Of Iniune done with advantage. cap. 5 . 
 
 Oflninries euill offered. cap. 6 . 
 
 Of Satisfaction. cap. 7. 
 
 What fatisf aClion is to beegiuen vppon an fniurie by deedes. 
 
 cap. 8. 
 
 Other meaner of Pacification and compofition. cap 9. 
 
 Of fatis faCtion to begiuen vpon words. cap. 1 o. 
 
 How the giving of fat is faCtion is a thing not reproachful!. 
 
 cap.i 1. 
 
 .> The fourth Booke. 
 
 A F Nobilitie accompanied with great dignitie. cap. 1 . 
 Whether a King may challenge an Emperoiir to (fombat. 
 
 cap. 2. 
 
 Whether a ejuarrell betweene ttyo Smper ours may be decided 
 by particular Combat. cap. 3 . 
 
 Of the ecjualitie and difecjualitie of great Nobilitie } and of the 
 priittledges due vnto all men profejfing tsfrmes. cap 4. 
 Certeine (fueftious. Opinions and ludgements vpon accidents 
 happening in triads and exerctfes ofzHrmes. cap. 5. 
 
 Of the honor gained or loft by being difiirmed in fundne 
 places , and of fundrie peeces. cap. 6 . 
 
 Of honor gained or loft by the hurts giuen or taken in Com- 
 bat for lifi y or in T riumpb. cap./- 
 
 Of / lifts and T urniamenSyand ho\\> the accidents in fuc ,ex ~ 
 crcifes are to be iudged. cap. 8 . 
 
 T he manner of Combats as they Veeref auncientft) tried 
 in England. ZjSd! 
 
 Certeine (fombat s for lifegraunted by the Kingftf Hp, IO , 
 
 Certeine 
 
THE TABLE. 
 
 fertaine Combats for T riumph and Honor , performed before 
 the King?, of England. cap. 1 1 . 
 
 T he ceremonie appertaining to deliuerie ofPriz.es at Infos & 
 T armaments before the King. cap. 1 2 . 
 
 The fifth Booke. 
 
 A F what qnalitie a G entleman profijfong tsfrmes ought to 
 be. cap. 1. 
 
 Of Knighthood. cap.2. 
 
 Of the originall of Knighthood } giuen as dignitie : and what 
 Princes haue authoritie to make Knights. cap. 5 . 
 
 The Ceremonie at the making Knights , about they ere of our 
 Lord, 1020. cap. 4. 
 
 The Ceremonies at the degrading Knights in t ho/e dayes » 
 
 cap.*. 
 
 How maniedegrees of Knighthood haue been,& of them how 
 manie are yet extant. cap, 6. 
 
 Of the Order of the Garter. cap. 7. 
 
 Other degrees of Knighthood in England. cap 8. 
 
 The order of the Tofon, andoriginall thereof. cap.p. 
 
 T he order of S. Michael. cap. 1 o. 
 
 T he Order of the A nunciata. cap. 1 1 . 
 
 Knights of the Band. cap.12. 
 
 Knights of S. I ago. cap. 1 3 . 
 
 Knights of Calatraua. cap. 1 4. 
 
 Knights of A lcantara. cap. 1 5 . 
 
 Knights of Montefio. cap. 1 6. 
 
 Knights ofR edemption f cap. 1 7 . 
 
 Kmghts o/S.Iohn in Ierafalem, of fome called Knights of 
 the Rhodes, and now Knights of Malta. cap. 1 8 . 
 
 Knights T eutonici. cap. ip. 
 
 ^nights of the Sepulcher. cap.20. 
 
 Rights ofoS. Marie. cap. 21. 
 
 Knig^ s j^ az aro # cap. 2 2. 
 
 s Steuen cap. 23. 
 
 The*™ 1 ** * n degradation of Knights. cap. 2 4. 
 
 rj-/.,, J lt bors? mention. cap.2?. 
 
 The ^*Nj on Conclufoon. capj. 
 
 FINIS. 
 
I 
 
 THE BOOKE OF 
 Honor and Armes. 
 
 What a Combat is, and the origin all 
 thereof. 
 
 Cap. i. 
 
 C O M B A T, is a fingle fightof 
 one man againft another,for trial 
 of tmth, either els of diuers men, 
 as two,loure,fixe>tenne,or more, 
 equallie and indifferentlie agreed 
 vppon, to fight on horsbacke or 
 foot without aduantage, in num- 
 ber of perfons,or difequalitie of weapons. 
 
 Thefe kind of fights feeme to be firft vfed of great 
 Princes* who defiring to end publique Contention 
 and warre, did mutuallie content to determine the 
 fame by their ownc priuate vertue and aduenturc of 
 life, as did Golfas and Dciuid, the Horatij and Curiati 
 with diuers other, who fighting onlie in perfon, for 
 the publique caufe,therby failed the eifufjon of much 
 bloud,and the liues of many moll worthie Captaines 
 and valiant Soldiers. And albeit the caufe and occa- 
 fion of thefe Combats,was publique rcfpe<fr,yct each 
 particular Gentleman or other perfon profefsing Ho- 
 
 B nor 
 
z *The firjl Bookg 
 
 nor and Armes, ought fufficientlie bee moued there- 
 vntofor defence of his owne particular reputation} 
 which refped, and haplie alfo fome publiqueocca- 
 fion, mooued the Combat of tineas with Turnus, of 
 Menclaus with ^Alexander, of Vulfms with Varenus, of 
 Robert Mountfort , with Henrie Earle otEffex in Eng- 
 land: yea. Kings and Princes haue of late time done 
 the like,as Charles the third. King of France, with the 
 King of Hungarie,^4lfonfo King of Spaine, with Rich- 
 ard Earle of of Cornwall, and King ^iljonfo with King 
 Ranier. 
 
 Thefe particular fights were firftvfcd among the 
 people called Lombardes , as appearcth by the lawes 
 written by <Aliprandus one of the Kings that gouer- 
 ned that Nation : yet true it is, that the Combats of 
 thofe People, and in that Age, were tried with no o- 
 therweapons but onelie certeine fhields and ftaues 
 of wood,vnleffeit were for caufeof infidelitie. Nei- 
 ther feemeth it that the chiefe occafion of their fight 
 was refpedofHonor,nor that the vanquifhcd fhould 
 become difhonored,orPrifonervnto the vanquifher, 
 as fince hath been vfed. 
 
 Of the order of challenging and de- 
 fending. 
 
 Cap. 2. 
 
 F Irft is to bee confidered,that all Iniurics are ei- 
 ther by words or by deeds, and that in euerie In- 
 iurieby words,the Iniurer ought bee the Chal- 
 lenger: but in an iniurie by deedes,the Imured ought 
 to challenge, as for example. Simon faith to *4uflen y 
 
 thou 
 
of Honor and oyf rmes. 3 
 
 thou art a Traitor, ^duflen anfwereth,r hou liejl : then 
 doth it behooue .S’/wow to mainteine his words, and 
 confequentlie to challenge ^iujlcn to the Combat. 
 
 An Iniurie by deedcs is thu s.Simon giueth a hurt,a 
 cut,or other violence vnto^Auflen-, whereat offended, 
 he faith. Thou hajl done me offence , violence , iniurie, or 
 fuch like fpeach. Simon anfwereth. Thou liejl. Then 
 behoueth it that ^4 uflen do challenge Simon, and force 
 him by fight to mainteine the hurt he offfed. W her- 
 fore as a rule or mctxime in matter of Honor,it is fpe- 
 ciallie to be noted,that whofoeuer is truelie and law- 
 fullie belied, muft of force become Challenger to 
 mainteine that he fpake or did, and wherevppon the 
 Lie is giuenhim. 
 
 And although fome men,rathcr to fhewe the dex- 
 teritie of their wits, than the valour of their mindes, 
 will at fuch occafion vfe many fuperfluous words, 
 w hereby further fpeach of offence doth followe,and 
 fo take opportunity to giuethe Lie vnto whom the 
 hurt by hand was giuen ; yet the true and precife rea- 
 fon of Honor is,that he who gaue the blowe &c hurt, 
 fhould widiout further difpute be challenged , vnleffe 
 he denie the doing thereof with offer of fatiffattion. 
 Thus appeareth brieflie, that whofoeuer is lawfullie 
 belied, ought by Armes to challenge, mainteine, and 
 proue that which he affirmed or did, in preiudice of 
 the honor or perfon of the Iniured. 
 
 2 For 
 
^ 'Thefirjl c Boo%e 
 
 For Tvhdt caufe the par tie he lied ought to chdl - 
 lenge^and of the mture of the Lie . 
 
 Cap. 3. 
 
 F 'Or fo much as in ordinarie triall by lawe,and ci- 
 uill Iudgements/whofoeuer ffandeth accufedjby 
 deniall of fuch accufation, is free from condem- 
 ning vntill further proofc bemade : eucn fo in euerie 
 impoficion by fpeach, contrarieto good reputation; 
 honor or honeftie, ought either by ciuill or martiall 
 meanes be mainteined and auo wed. Therefore, who 
 foeuer being offered iniurious fpeach, fhall fay to the 
 offerer thereof Thou Heft, or thou iaieft not truelie, 
 doth therby repulfe the iniurie, and force the Iniurer 
 to challenge. And euerie deniall be it neuer fofimple, 
 importeth a Lie, 8c is of like effed, although the ma- 
 ner in pronouncing deniall onlie,is an anfwere more 
 friendlie and courteous, than the qualitie of an iniu- 
 rious impofition requireth. 
 
 And although the manner of denials are di tiers, as 
 Thouliejl , Thou/aiejl vntrueliej&c. yet euerie deniall 
 is a repulfe of iniurie, being fpoken to that which 
 was iniurie : But if the fame be vttcred in anfwere of 
 any words,wherin was no offence, the fame becom- 
 meth iniurious : as thus. If I tell or fay anything 
 without euill impofition to any perfon,and one Ban- 
 ding by, fhall fay I fpeake vntruelie, or vfe other de- 
 niall of that my fpeach affirmed ; by that manner of 
 fpeach he giueth me an imputation ofa Lier,8c con- 
 fequentlie offercth me iniurie. Moreouer,for that e- 
 uerie iniurie by words may for once be wrefied,it is 
 
 lawfull 
 
of Honor and k mes . 5 
 
 lawfull for me,with euerie my demall co repulfe that 
 iniurie, andmyfecond demall conteineth the effect 
 of a Lie, and his fifft, the force of iniurie ; by which 
 meane,thc burthen (hall reft vpon him.But if fo it be, 
 that he anfwereth or faith, T he truth is othenvi/e, or a- 
 nie other fitch fpeach, that cannot bee iniunous, nor 
 (hall any waies burthen me, vnlefte I (hall in fomein- 
 iurious fort replie, and then he denying, may lay the 
 burthen vpon me: for the difference that maketh one 
 word fometimes iniurious, and fometimes not,is, 
 -that the fame is fometimes fpoken iniuriou(lie,and 
 fometimes not, as thus. If I fay vnto another man. 
 Thou ijhicjl not true, thereby I reproue him, and confe- 
 quentlie offer iniurie : but if I fay. That which then 
 faiej} is not true , that fpeach is not iniurious, and may 
 be without burthen of him vnto whom it is fpoken. 
 
 Yet in one cafe, that rule faileth : for it I fay/uch a 
 thing I haue done, another anfwereth. That is not 
 true •• by fo faymg,he doth burthen me. To conclude 
 I fay, that whofocucr refraineth w ith his words and 
 fpeach to offend others, he can by no meanes receiue 
 the Lie. 
 
 Of the nature and diuerfitie of Lies . 
 
 Cap. 4. 
 
 B Vt for the more plaine conceiuing of the nature 
 and diuerfitie of Lies,wee will particularlie dif- 
 courfe thereof, and fhewe how many forts of 
 them be,how they are to bee giuen,and in what fort 
 they are tobeanfwered.lt is therefore to be knowne 
 that of Lies,fome be Conditionall,and fome be Cer- 
 
 B 3 teine: 
 
6 The jirjl 'Bookg 
 
 teinc : and of both them,fome be Generali and Tome 
 Speciall.To thcfe may bee alfo added one third kind, 
 which we will call VaineLies. 
 
 Of Lies certeine . 
 
 Cap. y. 
 
 W E call thofel/w certeine y which are giuen 
 vpon words fpoken and affirmed,- as if I 
 fhould fay or write vnto another man, 
 ThouhaJ } fpoken in prejudice of mine honor, honeflie and 
 crcdite,and therefore doejl lie. This may be called a Lie 
 cetteine,becaufe I Hand certeinlie allured thatfuch a 
 man hath fpoken euill of me : yet true it is, that be- 
 caufe I doo not in thefe words particularlieexpreflc 
 the matter or fpeach whervpon I giuetheLie,there- 
 fore it (hall be reputed a Lie general! find confequendy 
 of no force : For indeed no Lie is lawfulhvnlefTe the 
 matter and words wherevpon it is giuen beeplainlie 
 and expreflie repeated.Therefore the Lies which are 
 giuen vppon certeine and apparant words, are they 
 which in truth do bind thepartie belied vnto proofe, 
 vnleffe he can denie to haue fpoken that wherevpon 
 the Lie is giuen him,and the fourme thereof is thus. 
 Harman fihou haji [aid that at the Battaile o/Montcon- 
 tour l abandoned mine Enfgne y and cowardly ramie away: 
 wherevnto I anfwere. Thou haji lied. By this appa- 
 rant and particular exprefsion of that was faid, the 
 Lie giuen is made Spcciall, and confequentlie law- 
 full. 
 
 Of 
 
of Honor and <iArmes . 7 
 
 Of Lies Conditional!. 
 
 Cap. 6 . 
 
 C ONDITIONAL!, lies, wee call thofe 
 which ate vttered vpon condition, as if a man 
 fhould fay thus : if thou haft called me a theefe y 
 thou doeft lie : or if thou jhalt hereafter fo fay, thou lief} : 
 „ And how often thou hafl or jhalt fo fay , fo oft I fay thou 
 haft and jhalt lie. Thefe Condicionall lies in this fort 
 giucn,are the occafion oftentimes of much deputa- 
 tion, becaufe they are not in force vntill fuch time as 
 the Condition is verified,I meane,vntil it be auowed 
 that fuch words haue indeede been fpoken. For he 
 vntowhom fuch a Lie is giuen either by words or 
 writing, as he findeth himfelfe guiltie or not, fo may 
 heemake anfwere ; and hauing haplie fpoken fuch 
 words, he may in vfing general! words find an eua- 
 fion : yea the debating of fuch a Conditional quarrell 
 may be fo handled, as he who gaue the Lie conditio- 
 nal!, fhall vtter fome fpeach whereon to receiue a Lie 
 certeine. If therefore he who is charged with a Lie 
 conditional,haue not indeed faid that wherewith he 
 is charged, then ought he fay, I neuerfpake any fuch 
 thino,$t thereunto adde another Lie,cither Generally 
 or Conditionallie vttered thus, whefoeuer faith that I 
 haue fpoken fuch words, he lieth .-or thus. If thou or any 
 man els will affirme I haue fo faid , thou lieft. 
 
 Albeit this manner of proceeding from one lie to 
 another, and from one condition to another, doth 
 feldome occafion other effefl than the multiplying 
 of words ; yet doo we often fee that queflions are fo 
 
 handled. 
 
8 The fir ft ‘Booke 
 
 handled,and confequentlie no good or honorable re- 
 fo lut ion dooth foil owc\ Wherefore to auoideall 
 doubts, it behoueth Gentlemen and other perfons of 
 honor or credite, to fhunne all Conditionall lies, and 
 before he doth offer the Lie, either by confefsion of 
 thepartie or witneffe worthie credite,bee affured he 
 hath caufe to giue the Lie.So fhal the Lie be certeine, 
 and the belied forced, either to denie that he faid, or 
 hand to the iufhfication thereof. 
 
 OfLies general!* 
 
 Cap. 7. 
 
 A Lie generallmay bee in two forts,in refpeft of 
 the perfon, and in refpedf of the iniurie. The 
 Lie is generall in refpefl of the Perfon, when 
 no man to whom it is giuen is named,as thus, ivho e- 
 uer hath \ faid that I haue been a Rebell to my Pr ince , doth 
 lie. To this manner of Lie no man is bound to make 
 anfwere, becaufe many may hapliehaue fo faid, and 
 that fo being, he that giueth the Lie fhould be forced 
 to fight with them all^ which were inconuenient. 
 For it is vnlawfull vpon one quarrell to fight oftner 
 than once, and vnfit that one man fhould hazard his 
 reputation vpon the fword of another man. W her- 
 fore to remooue fuch diforders, it hath been thought 
 good that this kind of Lie fhould bee vnlawfull, of 
 none effeff, and di fallowed. 
 
 Touching the other Lie which we call general in 
 refpeft of the iniurie, is thus. Simon, thou haft /aid euill 
 of me, and [pollen words in preiudiceaf mine honefie, and 
 ''ereforelfay thou lief .This manner of Lie,not being 
 
 giuen 
 
of Honor and <iArmes . p 
 
 giuen vpon any matter certeine, or words fpeciallie 
 repeated, is to none effeft : and therefore if hee who 
 giueth fuch a Lic,intendeth to make a iuftquarrelbit 
 behoueth him to fet downe in writing, the verie 
 words whervpon he giueth the Lie. For befides that, 
 fuch lies doo not bind the aduerfe partie, they are ah 
 fo perilous, and apt to be returned. I fay therfore that 
 forfomuch as a Lie generall is of fmall effefr,&: ther- 
 with fit to bee wrefted againlt the giuer thereof, it 
 ought of all Gentlemen to be vtterlie refrained. 
 
 Of Lies ffeciaU. 
 
 Cap. 8. 
 
 L ies fpeciall are thofe which are giuen vnto fpe- 
 ciall perfons, and vpon expreffe and particular 
 matter : as for example, Gregorie, thou haft faid 
 that vpon the day of Battaile at Grauling,/ abandoned 
 mine infigne and charge - t for which faying thou haft lied. 
 This is that Lie which (as is before faid) I call a Lie 
 certein & lawful 5 yet is it to be intended that he who 
 giueth this Lie either by word or writingjOughtfirfl: 
 to be enformed fullie,and baue fufficicnt proofc and 
 witneffe of that he faith > fo as the fame cannot be de- 
 nied. For wanting due proues, he to whom the Lie 
 was giuen, may anfwere, that I lie in charging him 
 w ith fuch words a.s he neuer vttered, and in that cafe 
 it (hall behoue me to prone the reproach wherewith 
 I haue charged him : but if hee cannot denie that 
 wherewith he is charged, then muff he either main- 
 teinehis fpeach,or confclfethe fault. 
 
 Here is to be noted, that in fuch quarells wherein 
 • C mamfclf 
 
io The firjl Booke 
 
 manifeft falfhood and vntruth appeareth, no Prince 
 ought to permit any Combat : neither ought Gentle- 
 men be afhamed in fuch cafes to refufe the fight •, be- 
 caufe it is a thing more honorable for refpeft of rea- 
 fon to refiife Combat, than performe tlie fame with- 
 out caufe or obligation. Seeing then that this fort of 
 Lie, whereof we prefentlie entreate, is onlie true and 
 lawfully therefore itbehoueth Gentlemen, and allo- 
 thers profefsing Honor and Armes, therewith to 
 giue repulfevnto fuch iniuries as are offered rand de- 
 firing to fhewe the caufe of their offence either by 
 word or writing, they muff fo plainlie and fincerelie 
 fet do wne the intent thereof,as no part of the affirma- 
 tion can bee either denied or wrdfed to other fenfe 
 than itwasvttered or written, whereby afterwards 
 no doubt fhall anfe, who ought to challenge, and 
 who to defend. 
 
 Of Vaine Lies . 
 
 Cap. <?. 
 
 T He fimple Sc ignorant fort of men perfwading 
 themfelues, that he vnto whom the Lie is gi- 
 uen, doth thereby lofe the ele&ion of the wea- 
 pon > therefore ignorantlie and foolifhlie they giue 
 the Lie, before they either knoweorasketheque- 
 ftion wherefore they fo doo : as thus. If thou wilt not 
 fay 1 am an honejl manyheu hejl in thy throate: the follie 
 ofwhich fpeach doth plainlie appeare.For feeing the 
 Lie is nothing els but an anfwerejn this the order of 
 nature is changed, 8c the anfwere vttered before the 
 queflion asked. Another fort of ignorant quarrellers 
 
of Honor and <t/ mm. n 
 
 are,thatwill lay thus, if any man hath /aid euill of me, 
 bee bath lied : and if bee tv ill denie to bane fo faid ) bee aljo 
 lieth. This fillie fort of quarrelling, may like wife be 
 calledaLiefoolilhandvaine : forheewho fhallvfe 
 fuch words, doth thereby take vppon him both to 
 propound and to anfwcre, and confequentlie per- 
 forme the office afwell of Defender as Challenger. 
 
 Another fort of thefe Vaine lies are thus offered : 
 Simon meeting with Lewes faith, thy weapon t and 
 I will prefentlie prooue thee a Liar and aVarlet: Or if 
 thou wilt not drawe/henart thou a Vdrlet alfo. This ma- 
 tt er of Lie is without foundation, caufc or reafon,&£ 
 therefore meete to be laughed at. Others there are, 
 who being charged to commit difhoneft a&ions, do 
 for the prefent time depart without making either 
 deniall or anfwere ; but after hailing affembled a 
 number of friends weaponed with aduantage, faith 
 to him that charged him. Thou liejl : which manner 
 of doing is alfo co wardlie and foolifh . For as eucrie 
 accufation or imputation ought be done without ad- 
 uantage, euen fo euerie anfwere without aduantage, 
 ought be vttered. Alfo euerie Iniurie offered in pre- 
 fence, fhould likewife in prefence beanfwered : and 
 if in abfence any fuch wrong bee done, in abfencean 
 anfwere may be made. Finallie,vnto matter of iniix- 
 rie in writing, the anfwere ought bee framed in wri- 
 ting : yet is it reafon,that if a man armed or accompa- 
 nied doo offer euill fpeach or violence to him thatis 
 vnarmed and alone; in that cafe it fhall belawfullto 
 make anfwere at time more conuenient. But if fo be 
 that any man finding and knowing me better armed, 
 accompanied, or prepared than himfelfe, will neuer- 
 
 C 2 theles 
 
n Tbe firjl Hooke 
 
 theles offer meiniuric; in chat cafeit is lawfoll for me 
 by words or deedcs to repulfe th-inim-i* j f 
 
 uenged nowithftanding mme aduama^l d ^7"' 
 
 was his follie to offer offence forint ‘S C “ ft 1 ,t 
 But Gentlemen ihould euer fodoo Zs the Ifc” 8 ' 1 ’ 
 
 fliould be. Neuerchelefle.ic feemeth reaf ’ et , ‘. tpl ! l<e 
 ifitplcafechthePrince to know S k ■* that 
 fence or Court iniuried, that it may 
 
 thatlmaydefendmyfdfe.YettrneffisthMinfoeh 
 
 places it becommeth thelnmred to „J,“ T- " 
 fwere, and vfe words of reuerence andT 7^7 
 he who offered, the iniurie bee a n'erfo n t ,f 
 
 fpeff and fauour with the Prince before f 10 ^ r k~ 
 iniurie was offered.Howfoeuer it be I take no?” ^ 
 
 metoinformewhatouehtin fucheirr , k k J P ° n 
 
 but tell mine opinion as that whichlth° ,, ecdo " e ’ 
 honorable : whereunto I adde,that tifePrfoces ^1 
 more patientlie indure the repulfe thanrhe a l 
 Imurieincheir prefence. P the o£terof 
 
 W(. 
 
of Honor and mes . 13 
 
 Whether to a man Injured in pro fence of a 
 'Trine eft fujficeth to an fiver e in prefence 
 of pnuate Gentlemen . 
 
 Cap. 10. 
 
 H Ailing in the former Chapter fpoken of Inin- 
 rie offered in the Princes prefence, it feemeth 
 not vnnecefTarie to knowehow fuch offence 
 is to be repnlfed or renenged. For as it is not eafie to 
 haue opportunitie to make rcpulfe before the Prince; 
 fo were it alfo fit to vfe refpeft before perfons of fo 
 high eftate calling, as heretofore hath been allead- 
 ged. But for the more btiefe deciding of this que- 
 stion, I will onelie produce the ccnfure of Don Fran- 
 eifeo AtamDuke of V r£i«,which was to this effeff. 
 That Princes either through their attention to other 
 weightie affaires,or their feldome experience in trial 
 of Armes,werenoleffe,or more ignorant, than other 
 Gentlemen of meanc reputation. And therefore con- 
 cluded, that to an Iniurie offered in the prefence of a 
 Prince, it fufficed to make anfwere before priuate 
 Gentlemen, as perfons vntowhom the knowledge 
 and experience of Armes and Honor apperteined: 
 Such was the opinion of that Duke, a Prince in his 
 life and place reputed no lelTe skilfull in poynts of 
 Honor,than all other waiesvertuous. Whercunto 
 may be added, that in matter of Armes,al Emperours, 
 King and Princes, haue euer vouchfafed to be called 
 by the name of Gentlemen and Soldiers. And there- 
 fore it ffandeth with good reafon, that an anfwere 
 
 C 3 made 
 
14 . The firfl 2 ? ooke 
 
 made in the prefence of Gentlemen and Soldiers, 
 fhould be of vertue ftifficient to repulfe an Iniurie of- 
 fered before a Prince of what title fo euer. 
 
 Of the %eturne of Lies . 
 
 Cap. 11. 
 
 H Eretofore wee haue faid, that hee vnto whom 
 the Lie is giuen for a repulfe of iniurie, ought 
 be the Challenger ; yet for more certeintie of 
 that fay ing, wee are diligentlie to examine what fort 
 of Lies are lawfull. It is therefore to be vnderftood, 
 that the true and proper nature of the Lie,is to repulfe 
 Xniuric,and whenfoeuer it worketh not that effe&,it 
 becommeth Iniurie,and by another Lie may bee re- 
 turned. Alfo it is to bee noted, that in one felfefamc 
 quarrell afwell vnto a Deniall as an Affirmation, the 
 Lie may bee giuen. The Lie lawfiillie giuen vnto an 
 affirmation is that, whereof we haue before fpoken, 
 as thus. One man faith vnto another,#? is a Rebell to 
 bis Prince : He anfweret h,Thou liejl : and this kind of 
 Lie cannot bee auoyded, becaufe it is giuen for re- 
 pulfe vnto an infamie dire&ly offered. But if I, {pea- 
 king of other do fay, He is an honejl man, and one han- 
 ding by, doth giue mee the Lie : in that cafe the Lie 
 fhall not be reputed a repulfe, butan Iniurie ; and it is 
 lawfuil for me to fay,that gainfayingthe commenda- 
 tion I gauc, he hetlr, becaufe he cncountereth my af- 
 firmation, and feemeth to denie that all men arc hol- 
 der! honeh/il profe bemade of the contrarie. W her- 
 fore it behoueth him that denied the man to bee ho- 
 neft,to prooue fuch deniall : in the meane time he is 
 
 btirthened 
 
of Honor and zdrmes. 15 
 
 burchenedand bound to challenge me. 
 
 But let vs now fpeake of Lies giuen vpon the nc- 
 gatiue which are either law full, or may lawfullie bee 
 returned : as if any man doth fay of me. That in fitch x 
 feruice of rmes I had not done my duetie , and I fhould 
 anfwere with the Lie,that (hall be a lawfull anfwere. 
 Yet if a man fhall fay, That he hath nut failed of pdeltte 
 vnto his Prince , and I fay he lieth ; then is it lawful for 
 him to anfwere. Thou licfl in faying l he, and confo 
 quentlie force me to challenge > becaufe in affirming 
 hisowne fidelitiehe doth not iniurie to any man; 
 but I denying thereof, doo greatlic wrong him, and 
 thcrfore reafonablie the Lie to be returned vpon me. 
 Now it relfeth to produce fome example, how in one 
 felfefame quarrell,both vpon the affirmatiue and ne- 
 gatiue the Lie may be giuen, fo as neither the one nor 
 the other partie hath apparant place of repulfc,asin 
 this cafe. 
 
 Two Gentlemen being in the field prepared to 
 fight,do there fall into difputation,whether the wea- 
 pons be lawfull or not : by meane whereof, the day is 
 fpent in fpeach,and nothing done. Herevpon a que- 
 flion grewe whether the weapons were reafonablie 
 refufed or not, the one by affirming them to be law- 
 full,doth burthen the other, and he by denying them 
 to be la wful,doth burthen him; fo as it reffeth doubt- 
 
 fome difficultie to be vnderfi ood,yet neceffarie to be 
 knowne ofallGendemen. 
 
 11 who ought to challenge. 
 
 Thus much touching the nature of Lies,how they 
 1 to be offered, repulfed, or returned. A matter of 
 
1 6 c Thej : irJl c Booke 
 
 Ho'fo upon euerie Liejhe triall of lArmes is 
 ?iot necejfarie. 
 
 Cap. 12. 
 
 A Lbeit heretofore hath been faid, that he who 
 receiueth the Lie ought to bee Challenger, yet 
 is not our meaning that vpon euery Lie giuen, 
 the triall of the fword fhould forthwith followe.For 
 feeing the triall by Armes is incerteine, andtheciuill 
 trial aifured therefore it behoueth euerie Gentleman 
 to be minified rather by thisjthan the other triall. And 
 indeed it is no lefte expedient for Gentlemen and all 
 others profefsing Armes, to knowe when to put vp, 
 than when to drawe their weapons. W ho fo there- 
 fore vpon any affirmation fhall bee lawfullie and or- 
 derlie offered the Lie (hauing meanes to make fuch 
 proofe)ought by ciuill and reafonable triall make iu- 
 jf ification, and not take fword in hand, till necefsitie 
 fo enforceth, and he who findeth himfelfe offered a- 
 nie vniuft or vnlawfull Lie, may either trauerfe it, or 
 vtterhedifdaine it. 
 
 Of the forme of a fart ell or Letter of De- 
 fiance. 
 
 Cap. f$. 
 
 I N fuch places as publique Combats were permit- 
 ted by Princes, the cuftome was that the parties a- 
 greed to fight, fhould challenge one the other, by 
 fome inftrument in writing, which they commonlie 
 called a Cartel : but that cullome being nowdifcon- 
 
 tinued. 
 
of Honor and <t Armes . 1 7 
 
 tinued,hc who challenged! doth fend fome Letter to 
 that effect, which ought bee framed in briefe termes, 
 and thereby to expreffe in fhort and proper word ■; the 
 efifeftof the quarrell and iniurie, bee it in w r o r ds or 
 deeeds.Alfoto fetdowne expreflie the particularities 
 of the fitter ,the perfons,the times. Sc places, which 
 for the true erprelsirg of the raufe are required, to 
 the end theaduerfe partie may the better determine 
 of his anfwere. And for that Combat is a kinde of 
 Iudgementjit behcucthno leffe thereimthan in ciuill 
 trial! that particular proou.es &c circumftances fhould 
 beexprefied,&: that he who challengeth fhould fum- 
 mon his aduerfarie, and he that is Defender produce 
 the Lie. 
 
 In this writing it alfo behooueth to vfe al plainnes 
 of words & phrafes,leauing afide eloquence and am- 
 biguitie of fpeach ; for it fufficeth a man 'being olfred 
 any iniurious fpeach,doo fay , Thou Hefty withoutad- t? 
 dingany word thereunto. It is alfo to bee knowncy-£V 
 that the Defender ought haue the ele&io of the place 
 and weapon.For no reafon were it that I fhould both 
 challenge another man,and alfo appoynt him to fight 
 with what weapon pleafeth me. One thing I thinke 
 good more to aduertife, that it feemeth vnto mee a 
 thing verie honefi,and worthie a Gentleman, that all 
 Ipeachesand writings of or to an Enemie, fhould bee 
 in good and honorable termes ; for thereby the fpea- 
 ker or writer fhal honor himfelfe,and declare he hath 
 to doo with a perfou of reputation ; for otherwife he 
 fhall difgrace his owne judgement, in medling with 
 men vnworthie,and fuch as are vnfic to Jpe regarded. 
 
 D 
 
 THE 
 
1 s 
 
 THE SECOND 
 
 B O O K E. 
 
 Of fmurie and TSurthen. 
 
 Cap. i. 
 
 E hane alreadie difcourfed what 
 Iniui'ie island how the fame ought 
 be repulfed : now is to be informed 
 in what cafes Princes and Supreme 
 gouernours may graunt or denie 
 the triall of Combat. I fay thcre- 
 ore,that the otfice of euerie Prince moued to graunt 
 Combatjis firft to confider the nature and qualitie of 
 the quarrell,to the end he may afluredlie know whe- 
 ther it be of fuch importance as requireth the triall of 
 the fword,and cannot otherwife be determined. For 
 it is a rule certeinc, that euerie queftion or quarrell 
 that may be decided by ciuil authoritie and prooues, 
 ought not in any wife bee tried in Combat. But for 
 more particular knowledge of this matter, youfhall 
 vnderlland, that we call an act done contrarie to rca- 
 {or\ 3 Tniurie 3 oi(as fome do terme it) offence or wrong: 
 and the Burthen, is a certeine naturall obligation, 
 whereby a man fbmdeth bound to rcpulfeormain- 
 teine the matter i n queilion . W her efore, w hcnfo- 
 
 uer 
 
of Honor and <iA rmes . rp 
 
 cuet we fee a man burthened or charged, it is prefent- 
 lie and confequendie looked for, that he ought to be 
 a Challenger. It is alfo to bee knowne, that other- 
 whiles one man may doo vnto another filch an aft 
 as may be both an Iniurie,and a Burthen : To may al- 
 fo an Iniurie bee done without Burthen, and a Bur- 
 then without Iniurie. 
 
 An Iniurie ioyned with Burthen is thus. If a man 
 (hall charge me with an euill fad neuer by me com- 
 mitted, whereby (contranc to all ieafon)hefeeketh 
 my flaunder, hereby he offereth me Iniurie, and the 
 Burthen he laieth vpon me, is, for that I Hand bound 
 to repulfeand make anfwerevnto fuch outragious 
 words, and confequendie am forced to anfwere,He 
 lieth t whereby I am disburdened, & lay the burthen 
 on him, by which meanc I become difehargedof 
 mine obligation,and binde him vnto the proofe and 
 mainteiniugofhis words, w hich is to mainteinc and 
 be a Challenger. And in handling the matter, this is 
 to bee noted, thac I onlie doo burthen him without 
 offer of Iniurie, bccaufe I make this anfwere vpon a 
 iuft and reafonable caufe, onlie with intent to lay the 
 Burthen on him. 
 
 An Iniurie without Burthen is in two forts, vi>. 
 in word or in deed, as thus. If one man fhall charge 
 another in word, with that which is manifedlie falfe; 
 in that cafe it is not necefTarie to make any anfwere 
 at all, becaufe he who fpeaketh fuch words, proueth 
 himfelfe an apparant Liar,and therefore not worthie 
 of fo much refpeft as to bee anfwered ; fo are thofe 
 words Iniurie,but no Burthen. An Iniurie indeedes 
 without Burthen, is, when one man oifereth vnto an 
 
 D 2 other 
 
20 The fecond Tioohe 
 
 other violence with aduantage, or in fuch euill fort, 
 as the fad appear eth to bee donecontrarie to honor 
 and rcafon ; in that cafe, to what purpofe fhonld the 
 Iniured challenge thelniurer feeing the matter to 
 be plaine and apparant . But haplie ic may bee faid by 
 him that is iniured y 5’/?<?// I reft without m^/gej'Thcrc- 
 vnto may beeanfwered by Princes, orothers hailing 
 authoritie to graunt Combat, that to admit triallby 
 Armes is onlie lawfull for the finding out and iuflifi- 
 cation of truth ; but the pumfhment of wilfullads 
 contrarie to peace,is by ciuill authoritie to beperfor- 
 mcd.And in mine opinion, whofoeuer receiueth an 
 Iniurie in deedes difhonorablie offered, is thereby 
 neither difhonored nor burthened ; andforreuenge 
 offuch cowardlie and beaffiall offences, it is allow- 
 able to vfe any aduatageor fubtiltie, according to the 
 Italian prouerbe,^4d 7 yna fr>percheria,fi conuiene vn' ul- 
 tra Jbpercheria , & ad yn tradimento yn altro tradimen- 
 to 3 which is, that one aduantage requireth another, 
 and one treafon may be with another acquited. 
 
 Ho"fr jhamefull and difbonorable it is to offer 
 iniurie "frith aduant age 3 and co"frardly. 
 
 Cap. 2. 
 
 I T may feeme ftraunge that heretofore wee haue 
 faid, that a traiterous Iniurie might be in like fort 
 reuenged j yet is it veriercafonable that fo it fhould 
 be : and though it were not, yet doth he that offereth 
 fuch an Iniurie incurre apparant Infamie, without 
 burthening him vnto whom it is offered. For what 
 reafon can mainteine that any man fhould bee w 7 or- 
 
 thie 
 
of Honor and <t/T r mcs . 2 1 
 
 thie of Infamie, that was by another covvardlie and 
 fodeinlie hurt or ftriken ? Nay, who is he that will 
 not blame him that offer eth fuch an Iniurie, and ac- 
 quire himvnto whom it was done ? To conclude 
 therfore,I fay, the Infamieis due vnto him that wil- 
 fullie doth a difhonorable wrong, not to him that re- 
 ceiuethit : for no manwanteth power to refrainea 
 wicked adfion, no man wanteth power to performe 
 his promife,no man is forced to be a traitor: &: there- 
 fore, whofoeuerfalleth into any fuch fault, becom- 
 meth odious and infamous: befides that, in offending 
 cowardlie, he feemeth to want vertue and courage 
 required in a Gentleman. By ancient cuffome it hath 
 therefore been determined, that if any man halting 
 committed fuch cowardlie and foule fa£ts,fhal after- 
 wards challenge another Gentleman, he may in re- 
 fpedfc of the Infamie due for his former doings, bee 
 lawfullierefufed. 
 
 I willalfoadmfe all Gentlemen to efehue one o- 
 ther vile and cuill abufe, which is thus. A man ha- 
 iling olfered iniurious words,and is lawfully belied, 
 he may not with a cowardlie ftroake or touch of a 
 cudgiil,or any fuch like meanes, thinke to bee acqui- 
 red of the burthen, as fome men haue fuppofed 3 yet 
 the vulgar fort do thinke that to giue a blowe, or fpit 
 in the face of a man, and runneaway, difehargetha 
 fawfnll Lie, which is farreotherwife.Mine opinion 
 therefore is,that a man direff lie is not difeharged by 
 any fuch aft, but lfandeth If ill burthened to prooue 
 that affirmation, whereupon the Lie was giuen him, 
 and confequentlie muff challenge. 
 
21 
 
 The fecond'Booke 
 
 That euerieLie giuen } ougJit not to oc capon 
 Combat . 
 
 Cap. 3. 
 
 F Orfomuch as the Lie is notindeede the caufeof 
 fight, but the occafion > it is not necefifarie that 
 vppon eucrieLiegiuen, Combat fhould foorth- 
 vvith followe. For if the fault wherewith a man is 
 accufed,bee not fuch as requires triall in Armes,than 
 doth not the Lie giuen thereupon bind him, becaufe 
 the qualitie of the Iniurie and not of the Lie is to bee 
 refpedted. Therefore in euerie la we whereby Com- 
 bats are permitted, the caufes are expreflie and parti- 
 cularlie declared, as both by the lawe of Lombardie 
 and the Imperial conflitutions appeareth. 
 
 For Ivhat caufes the (fombat is to be 
 graunted . 
 
 Cap. 4. 
 
 A Thing moft certeine it is,that to reduce the an- 
 tient cuftomes to the vfe of prefent time, were 
 not onelie hard and difficult, but alfo impofsi- 
 ble : wherefore omitting to tell of what hath been, 
 we will onelie Ipeake oi that which ought be in this 
 matter obferuedrl fay then that the caufes of al quar- 
 rell whcrvpon it behoueth to vfe the triall of Armes, 
 may be reduced into two : for it feemethto me not 
 reafonable, that any man fhould expofe himfclfeto 
 the perill of death, faue onelie for fuch occafions as 
 doo deferue death. W herfore whenfoeueroneman 
 
 doth 
 
of Honor and aArmes. 23 
 
 doth accufe another of fuch a crime ns merkcth 
 death, in that cafe the Combat ought bee graunted. 
 The fecond caufe of Combat is Honor, becaufe a« 
 mong perfons of reputation. Honor is preferred be- 
 fore life. Therefore whenfoeuer any fuch crime is 
 imputed,as by the ciuill lavve is iudged infamous, the 
 Combat and triall of Artnes ought be allowed, if by 
 ciuill and ordinarie courfe of law it cannot. 
 
 Hole bet^oeene Padrins, no fight or quarrell 
 ought to be. 
 
 Cap. 5. 
 
 A T fuch time as publique Combats were by 
 Princes permitted, the cuftome was, that thofe 
 vntowhom the field was graunted, did bring 
 with them certeine friends to behold the fight, and 
 fee that nothing were done contrarie to the agree- 
 ment and capitulation. For what caufe thefe men 
 were fo called I knowe not ■; but fomehaue thought 
 the name of Padrine cornmeth of the latin word Pa- 
 ter , which fignifieth father,orof Pat rim, which, figni- 
 fiethaperfon,vnto whofe charge or tuition another 
 was commended. Howfoeuer it be,thefe Padrines in 
 the time of Combat, performed the fame office 
 which ^Aduocates and Pleaders vfe in deputation of 
 ciuill caufes. And as they doo not vfe to pay any part 
 of that, wherein the client is condemned, eucn fo no 
 reafon bindeth that the Padrine iliould fight, or bee 
 called to performe more than the due of his office, 
 fith the Imurics, the Lies, the Cartels and Defi- 
 ances arepafifed betweene the Principallesj and the 
 
 Padrins 
 
2 4- 77^ /er o W 
 
 Padrins ought doo none otherwife than as Aduo- 
 c.ites. Thus much I thought fit to fpeakeofthe office 
 of Padrins, becaufe it is oft feene, both in publique 
 Combats and priuate alfo, that fome Gentlemen be- 
 ing chofen to behold the fight, and fee it bee equallie 
 performed, haue not onelie been the caufe to kindle 
 newe quarrell, but alfo entred thereinto themfelues 
 contrarie to honor and reafon. 
 
 Of iAr me s both ojfenfiue and defenfiue . 
 
 Cat. 6 . 
 
 I T hath been before faid, that by the laweof Lorn- 
 bar die, c uerie Combat (vnlefle vpon quarrell of in- 
 fidelitie) fhould bee tried with fhields and flaues, 
 and with no other weapon. But the matter of their 
 Combats was onlie for trial of truth, without rcfpeft 
 of honor. Howfoeucr it were, befides that cuftome 
 mull: bee receiued for lawe, it feemeth to me that ei- 
 ther in publique or priuate fight, fuch weaponsought 
 bee vfed as are commonlie worne of Gentlemen and 
 others profefsing Armes. And touching Armes de- 
 fenfiue, it hath been alfo the vfe, that as they are 
 thought allowable in warreand all generall fights, fo 
 in particular triall of Armes,they ought not bee reiec- 
 ted; becaufe Fortitude accompanied with Prudence, 
 is much the more commendable, feeing he thatvn- 
 wifelie or inconfideratlie aduentureth himfelfe, is 
 not to bee reputed valiant but furious: neither is he 
 accompted valiant, that without councell or caufe, 
 delighteth in dangers, but he that neucr doth fhunnc 
 any generous a&ion, tending to publique benefite or 
 
 his 
 
of Honor and <t,4rmes . ii 
 
 his ownepriuate reputation. And ^wy?erfcjfaith,thac 
 a valiant man doth neither feare all things^ nor dare 
 dooall things. For thefe refpecis it hath euer been 
 thought fit, that in particular Combats, the fighters 
 fliould be allowed Armes defenfiue. Sc notperforme 
 the fame naked and vtterlie difarmed, with fwords 
 and daggers onlie,as is in this part of the world now 
 vfed.Andfith thcperill of life is no leflein particular 
 than in publique fight, it feemeth verie reafonable 
 that defenfiue Armes fliould bee allowed ; yet fo as 
 both the Challenger and Defender be ecjuallie armed 
 Sc. weaponed,which in truth ought be at the elefh’on 
 of the Defendant, as heretofore hath been difeour- 
 fed.Butbecaufe the cuftome of the land is (andhap- 
 pelie alfo lawe forbiddeth that any man fliould be ar- 
 med fane onlie in the warre) I thinke no Gentleman 
 ought refufe to fight difarmed. And here will I not 
 omit to remember an abufe which hardlie isdifeon- 
 tinued, I meane that fomeEnglifli Gentlemen are fo 
 oblfinatlie addifted to cuftome, as notwithflanding 
 they doo themfelucs enter quarrell and bee Challen- 
 gers, yet will they vfe that fort of weapon onelie 
 which pleafeth themfelucs. An opinion contrary vn- 
 to reafon, and the vfe of all other people, as though 
 antient vfe made that weapon only alio wable,which 
 reafon will alfo prooue Vice as good as Vertue , be- 
 caufe it is no leffe antient. 
 
 E 
 
 of 
 
Of the election of the Weapons. 
 
 Cap. 7. 
 
 F Or good and reafonable caufes, manyaduanta- 
 gcs are due vnto him that is challenged, becaufe 
 he being accufed and conftrained to fight, iuft 
 and true reafon willcth that he fhould enioy al honeft 
 fauour. It hath been therefore well determined,that 
 whofoeuer is Defender, dooth fufficientlie acquite 
 himfelfe,and ought bee reputed vi£torious,if he bee 
 not vi&ored. But on the other fide, he that challen- 
 ged!, mud not onlie efcapc to be vanqui£hed,butalfo 
 vanquifh his enemiei for otherwife he fhall bee repu- 
 ted as viflo red, and lofcthe quarrell, which tsverie 
 reafonable, becaufe his office is to prooue, but the 
 Defender is not bound to more than to defend. 
 
 Another fauour alfo appeiteineth to the Defen- 
 der, which is, theele&ionof the weapon, which is 
 alfo reafonablie done, becaufe if another man will 
 voluntarilie call me to triall of the Sword,the choyce 
 of the weapon ought of right to be mine. Y ct true it 
 is.that no Defender ought to make election of other 
 Armes either defenfiue or ofFcnfiue, than fuch as are 
 lawfull, and worne ordinarihe by Gentlemen and 
 Soldiers. Therewith alfo is to beobferued,that if the 
 quefiion whereupon the Combat or fight groweth, 
 may bee decided by ciuill triall, that then no triall of 
 Armes ought bee enterprifed. Much more alfo may 
 be added touching the equalitie or difequalitie of the 
 perfons that enter into fight, and likewife of the 
 Armes afwell defenfiue as offenfiue : but becaufe 
 
 publique 
 
of Honor and (tAr me s. 27 
 
 publique Combats are now almoftgenerallie forbid- 
 den, and in this land moft rarelie vfed, I fpeake on- 
 lie of thofe things which are to bee knowne for the 
 performance of priuate Combat and fight betweenc 
 particular Gentlemen. 
 
 Holv mame 'foaies r uiShrie is gamed. 
 
 Cap. 8. 
 
 A T fuch time as publique Combats were vfed 
 within a Lift,or place fpeciallie appoynted for 
 that purpofe, there was a Iudge mdifferentlie 
 chofen by the fighters, to fee and determine which 
 of them were vi&orious, and who was vizored. 
 But notwithftanding the difcontiruance of thofe 
 Ceremonies, and the performance of fight by war- 
 rante of Princes Letters Patterns j yet doo I thinke it 
 not amide, brieflie to fetdowne in what cafesmen 
 were reputed victorious. 
 
 I It is therefore to be knowne, that if the Challen- 
 ger dooth not vanquifh the Defender in the day of 
 fight before the Sunne fetting, he ishimfelfeto bee 
 fudged vanquished, and cannot afterwards challenge 
 any other Gentleman to the Combat. This fort of 
 viCtoricand this priuiledge is onlie due vnto the De- 
 fender, all other mails are common and indifferent to 
 both the fighters. 
 
 2 The next kind of viftorie is, when any of the 
 fighters doth yeeld vnto his enemie,either by con- 
 fefsing himfelfe not able to defend, to yeeld himfelfc 
 prifoner,or by vttering anic other fpeach tending to 
 fubmifsion. 
 
 E 2 3 The 
 
2 8 The fecond Tdooke 
 
 3 The third is, when any of them doth expreflie 
 denie or vnfay that he affirmed, 8 c the words where- 
 on the quarrell groweth renouncing the quarrell. 
 
 4 Fourthly, hee who runneth away, and abando- 
 ncth the Lifts or field where the fight is performed, 
 ought to lofethevietorie,and beadiudged as vanqui- 
 fhed, and this is the moft bafe and diftionorable fort 
 of vanquilhment. 
 
 5 He is alfo to be without viCtorie and vanquished, 
 that is flattie within the Liftes or field : yet is this fort 
 of vanquishing lcaft diihonorable and infamous, al- 
 though by auntient cuftome, to fuch men as were 
 flaine in publique Combats,uo buriall was graunted 
 among Chriftian bodies. 
 
 What leas amienthe due ‘-unto fuch as lucre 
 an hi orients in publique (fomhats . 
 
 Cap, 9 . 
 
 A Lbeitlamnot ignorant that this difcourfe is 
 little or nothing pertinent to priuat Combat or 
 quarrell : yet for that it concerned! a matter vc- 
 rie pleafant to vs,&: glorious for thofe that haue been 
 victorious . I will bneflie fet downe what was due by 
 antient order of Armes,vnto fuch Gentlemen as in 
 publique Combat were victorious. 
 
 I Whofoeucr was vanquished within the Liftes, 
 was the prifoner of him that did vanquish. To him 
 alfo was due all Armes both offenfiue and defenfiue, 
 garments and horfe, with all furniture brought the- 
 ther either for ornament or vfe. 
 
 1 The perfon of him that was vanquilhed, was by 
 
 Jhono- 
 
of Honor and rmes. 29 
 
 honorable cuftome giucn vnto the Prince of the 
 place,or els vnto fome other Prince whom he ferued 
 or loiied-, but this was done by vfe,and not of duetie. 
 
 3 The vanquifhed alfo might be compelled to pay 
 the charges of the vanquisher. 
 
 4 The vanquifhed might be forced to pay ranfome 
 no leffe, than if he had been a pnfoner of the warre. 
 But if the prifoner or vanquifhed did ferue thevan- 
 quifher the fpace of hue yeares in feruices meetc for 
 a Gentleman, than ought he bee fet atlibertie freclie 
 without payment. And if in the meane time he were 
 employed in any bafe a<ft or fcruice vnworthiehis 
 degree,than was it lawful for him to efcape & breake 
 prifon. Or if it happened that during the impnfon- 
 ment, any land or other wealth came vnto the prifo- 
 ner, yet was ltnotlawfull for the victorious to en- 
 creafe the ranfome. 
 
 5 If the victorious did die within the time that the 
 viCtored was a prifoner, than fhould his heire haue 
 the fame title and intereft. 
 
 6 If a prifoner were fuffered to go at libertie vpon 
 his faith giuen, he ought in any wife returne when- 
 foeuerhe was called, vnleflethe victorious did be- 
 come aTraitor to their cSmon Prince,or were exc 5 - 
 municate, or that betweene the were fome new en- 
 mitieifor in thofe caufes,it was lawful not to returne. 
 
 7 If being in this fort at libertie,he happened to be- 
 come a Prince or Lord, then fhould he not be bound 
 to returne,but pay ranfome onlie. 
 
 8 If during the time of imprifonment he were not 
 well vfed,he was not bound to returne, yet ought he 
 pay a conuenient ranfome. 
 
 E 3 Si If 
 
30 *The third < Boot(e 
 
 9 If the prifoner did happen to faue his taker from 
 any great perill during the imprifonment, he ought 
 by the lawe to be forthwith fet at libertie. 
 
 THE THIRD 
 
 B O O K E. 
 
 What forts of men ought not bee admitted to 
 triall of <iArmes . 
 
 Cap. i. 
 
 Orfomuch as the triall of Armesap- 
 perteineth onelie to Gentlemen., and 
 that Gentilitie is a degree honorable, 
 it were not fit that anie perfons of 
 
 meaner condition, fhould thereunto 
 
 ae admitted. VVherefore,as the lodges ofciuill trials, 
 doo ordinarilie reieft the teftimonie of fuch as are 
 accompted Infamous; euen fo in Martial triall, a per- 
 fon honorable ought not by men of bafe qualitie be 
 accufed : for how can he charge another with anie 
 crime, that hath himfelfe committed an offence a- 
 gainft his owne reputation. 
 
 1 It hath been therefore ordeined and determined, 
 that no man hauing committed treafon againft his 
 Prince or Countric,ftiallbeadmitted. 
 
 2 Healfomay bee repulfed that hath had intelli- 
 gence or conference with the enemieof his Prince 
 or Countrie, or that being taken of them, doth there 
 remaine, bailing meanes torcturnevnto his Princes 
 femice. 
 
of Honor and zAr me s. ^1 
 
 r> He that becommeth a Spie or explorator for the 
 Enemie, or that takethanothagamfl his Prince, or 
 that taketh a Princes Pay and departeth before he 
 hath ferued the hill time. 
 
 4 He that abandoned] the Armie of his Prince,and 
 fleethvnto the Enemie, or being difeharged doth go 
 vnto the Enemie in the time of Skirmiih or fight, 
 fhall be reputed as infamous,and alfo a Traitor. 
 
 5 He that abandoneth the Enfignc of his Prince or 
 Capteine, or that either by day or night fhall malici- 
 ouflie depart from the place of his charge about his 
 Princes perfon, or in the Campe. 
 
 6 Among thefe we will accompt all Theeues, Bag- 
 gers, Bawdes, Vi&uallers, perfons excommunicate, 
 Vfurers, perfons banifhed the Armie, andeuerieo- 
 ther man exercifing an occupation or trade, vnfit and 
 vnworthie a Gentleman or Soldier. 
 
 7 Finallie, whofoeuer is defamed of any notable 
 crime, or is by thelaweof the land not admitted to 
 beare witnelle, may bee numbered among them that 
 lawfullie are repulied; thefe men, I fay, challenging 
 any Gentleman or Soldier,ought not onelie bee refu- 
 fedjbutofeueriehoneff perfon to beeabhorred, be- 
 caufe in fighting with men of fuch condition, a man 
 of good reputation dooth equall himfelfe vnto per- 
 fons vtterly vnworthie Yet true it is, that whofoeuer 
 repulfeth a perfon for caufe of Infamie,muft afllired- 
 lie know, that he hath been for fuch crimes condem- 
 ned, or at the leaf! the fame is a thing fo notorious, as 
 thepartierepulfed cannot denieit.Butif any fuch in- 
 famous man bee challenged by a Gentleman or Sol- 
 dier, he may not after bee reifufed, ynleffe that after 
 
 challenge 
 
yi The third Tdookg 
 
 challenge he committed* Tome infamous fa&,which 
 is to be obfemed afwell in the Challenger as the De- 
 fender. 
 
 Whether a 1$ attar d may challenge a Gentle- 
 man to C omhat. 
 
 Cap. 2. 
 
 F Or that by iawe no Ballard can inherit the lands 
 and honors of his fuppofed father,it may be rea- 
 fonablie doubted, whether he be of fuch condi- 
 tion as may challenge a Gentleman to trial of Armes. 
 Notwithflanding, for that fuch impediment procee- 
 dcth not from the Bafiard himfelfe, and that no man 
 ought infflie be repulfed fauing fuch as are condem- 
 ned } or infamed for their owne viletie,me thinks that 
 Baftardie ought not to difable a man to bee admitted 
 vnto Combat : and S. Hierome faith, that the fault in 
 birth of fuch men,is not their owne fault, but theirs 
 that did beget them. Alfo Chrifojlome writeththus, 
 we ought not to bee afhamed of the vice of our Pa- 
 rents, but endeuourour felues vnto vertue. Where- 
 vponwee conclude, that euerie Ballard hauing well 
 and vcrtuouflie ferued in the warre, or that for his 
 good merite hath afpired to beare charge of reputa- 
 tion in the Annie, ought be rcceiued to fight with a- 
 nie priuate Gentleman or Soldier, becaufe men fo 
 borne, haue not onelie been oftentimes aduanccd to 
 honor, but they and their polferitie alfo, haueattei- 
 ned and continued in high dignitie and great ell elli- 
 mation. 
 
 True it is, that men fo borne, cannot mainteine 
 
 them- 
 
of Honor and (iJrmes. 33 
 
 themfelues to bee Gentlemen by birth, and therefore 
 direft lie mull: not claime fuch title, or enter the triall 
 of Armes,and therefore in that refpedt may be repul- 
 fed, not as infamous,butas ignoble, which defed ei- 
 ther by valorous indeuour in Armes,or vertuous ftu- 
 die in learning may be fupplied. 
 
 Alfo all fuch Baflards as haue long ferued loyallie 
 in their Princes Court, Sc that by priuiledge of their 
 Prince are made legitimate, or hath liuedorderliea- 
 mong other Gentlemen, in place of reputation, may 
 not be rcpulfcd. 
 
 Of ^Retfitution of Honor, 
 
 Cap. 3. 
 
 A Lbeit eueric Soucraigne Prince hath power 
 to pardon difloyaltie,treafon,and euerie other 
 offence comitted again!! hisperfon, Crowne 
 or dignitie. Sc can alfo reftore vnto the partie pardo- 
 ned,his lands and his offices, with any other fanour : 
 yet cfi he not vndo that is done,nor bring to palfe that 
 to be well done, which is alreadie euill done, nor that 
 a mind infcdfed with Infamie, fiiould bee cleane and 
 voy d of difhonor,Sc confequently(not withftanding 
 refi:itution)the Prince hath ftill iuft caufe to bee fuf- 
 picious of fuch a mans fidelitie,as is apt to be drawne 
 to difhonefl: actions , and euerie other Gentleman 
 fhould hold him in euill conceipt. 
 
 Moreoucr, touching the power and authoritie of 
 Princes,in this cafe it feemeth that as they cannot be- 
 reaue the good men of their goodnes,fo can they not 
 take from the euill their euill thoughts, feeing their 
 
 F iurifdidfioa 
 
34 * The third ® ool^e 
 
 iurifdidion extendeth vnto the wealth and perfons 
 of Subieds,butouer the minds of men they hauc no 
 power. My Prince can make me at his pleafurench 
 or poore, but to make me good or bad is not in his 
 power, for that apperteineth onlie to Gods grace and 
 mine owne endeuour. 
 
 It may therefore be inferred, that if a man reftored 
 after the committing of any notorious euill fad, fhall 
 challenge another Gentleman totriallof Armes, he 
 may bee reafonablie repulfed. Yet am I of opinion, 
 that the teftitution fhould be of force in the children 
 
 and pefteritie of the perfon infamed and condem- 
 ned^ they that ought not fuffer the punifhment due 
 to the offences of another, chieflie in refped of 
 Baptifme, whereby all the finne of forefathers is 
 clenfed. 
 
 Of the difcquahtie of Gentlemen* 
 
 Cap. 4. 
 
 B Efore wee enter into confideration of this mat- 
 ter, I thinke good to aduertife,thatas there be di- 
 uers forts of men that may not challenge others, 
 fo are there fome that ought not be challenged of a- 
 nie.The firft of them is Clarkes,or Eccleliaff ical per- 
 fons, profefsing religion. The other fort is Dodors, 
 with all Students, and fuch men as are onlie giuen to 
 literature and knowledge. But to returne vnto dife- 
 qualitie of noble perfons, I fay that the true nobilitie 
 of men, is Vertue 3 and that he is truelie noble that is 
 vertuous, bee he borne of high or of lowe Parents. 
 And the more highiie he be borne,the worfe reputa- 
 
of Honor and <tA rmes. ^5 
 
 tion he meriteth,if he cannot continue the honor left 
 him by his Anceftors . chrifoflome faith, what honor 
 is it to bee well borne, being defiled with vile condi- 
 tions ; or what hurteth bafe parentage to him, that is 
 with gentle manners adorned ? Who fo vaunteth 
 of his Anccftors, feemeth without any good thing 
 of his own.toffrf faith,that who fo will trulie iudge 
 what worthines is in man, muff confider of him na- 
 ked, laying afide his linings and titles of honor, with 
 all other fauours of fortune. He muff alfo imagine 
 him without bodie, and then weigh of what value 
 or excellence he is in minde, becaufe nobilitie is pla- 
 ced in the minde, and in the minde it appeareth. 
 
 Now to fpcake of difequalitie, I fay that albeit 
 Emperours, Kings, Princes, great Lords,and meane 
 alfo, are comprised w'ithin the name of Gentlemen 
 and Soldiers, yet is there among them fuch inequali- 
 ty, as no Gentleman of what title foeuer, may bee 
 c5pared vnto a King, nor any Soldier vnto an Empe- 
 rour,whercofwe wil fpeake hereafter more at large. 
 
 Touching the difequalitie of pnuate nobilitie, 
 thus is it to bee difeourfed. All Gentlemen are either 
 without office,either els they haue office or dignitie, 
 as thegouernment of Townes,Countries, Ambalfa- 
 ges, or commandements in warre. Whoeuerof 
 them hath any office or employment, either it is gi- 
 uen him for time or life.If he bee an officer for time, 
 and is occafioned to anlwere in Armes, he may de- 
 fer the Cobat till the expiration of his time in office. 
 
 If the office be for life, the qualitie thereof fuch 
 as maketh him Superiour to the aduerfarie, he may 
 fight by Champion. 
 
 F 2 If 
 
3<5 The third Tdooke 
 
 If filch an officer be not Superiour to the enemie, 
 he ought aske leaue of his Prince, and not obteining 
 it,fhall without licenfc go vnto the place of Combat, 
 and with Armes anfwere the Enemie ; for the obli- 
 gation of honor is to bee preferred before all other. 
 Whofoeuer is borne noble (vnder which word is 
 comprifed all forts of no’bilitie andgentilitie)is equal 
 to any other Gentleman of priuate condition. Note 
 here,that in faying a Gentleman borne, we mcane he 
 muft be defcended Irom three degrees of gen try, both 
 on the mothers and fathers fide, fuch is the opinion 
 of Paris. 
 
 A Gentleman defcended of the mod noble houfe, 
 not hauing iurifdi&ion or commandemcnt, may be 
 challenged of any priuate or particular Gentleman. 
 Alfo in refpeft that the profefsion of Armes is hono- 
 rable, a Soldier that hath long ferued without re- 
 proachpught be accompted a Gentleman. 
 
 AlfoaScholler hauing continued the fiudie of 
 good learning, &: is afpired to the degrees of fchooles, 
 cannot be denied the title of gentrie. 
 
 A fimple Soldier of honeft fame, may fight with 
 any other Soldier, Corporall,Sergeant, or other offi- 
 cer,the Capteine excepted, and he alfo may bee chal- 
 lenged to anfwere by Champion. 
 
 Euerie Capteine may challenge another Capteine, 
 vnlefie their charges bee fuch as the one can com- 
 mand the other, and this rule muff ferue through all 
 degrees of Soldiers, both on horfeback and foot : yet 
 isittobeevnderfiood, that men at Armes being the 
 mod honorable fort of Soldiers and in continuall 
 pay,(being for the mod part Gentlemen) may not be 
 
 refufed 
 
of Honor and f mes • 3 7 
 
 refufedto fight with any priuate Capteine of foot- 
 men. 
 
 It may be alfo that a Capteine of footmen fhould 
 fight with a Capteine of hoifemen, were it not that 
 thofe charges are giuen to Noble men, & the charge 
 of men at Armes to the moft Noble : yet is confide- 
 ration to be had afwell of their birth as their charges. 
 For the Capteine in meaner place, may bee fo hono- 
 rablie borne,as he ought not be repulfed : which re- 
 fpe£t is alfo to bee had among Capteines, both on 
 horfcbacke and foote, and like wife among all horfe- 
 men,and Soldiers on foote in parti cular. 
 
 Of ffniuric done Tr// h aduantage. 
 
 Cap. 5. 
 
 H Eretofore hath been faid, that no Iniurie offe- 
 red with aduantage, ought to burthen him in 
 reputation vnto whom the fame was offered, 
 and that fuch Iniuries may in like fort^ bee reuenged, 
 which being a thing verie naturall and reafonable, 
 needeth no further proofe. Notwithftanding, to 
 the intent each man may bee fullie enformed what 
 Aduauntage is, wee thinke fit fomewhat to fay there- 
 of. 
 
 Aduantage in general is,when one man doth iniu- 
 ne vnto another,fo,and in fuch time and place as the 
 Iniured cannot be reuenged : but to fpeake thereof in 
 particular, thus may it be faid for example. 
 
 If one man being armed dothaflault another dif- 
 
 F 3 armed. 
 
5 8 The third ® ooke 
 
 armed, or that he be better armed, that we call aduan- 
 tage. 
 
 If a man in office or place of dignitie, hauing about 
 him friends or feruants, doth offer iniurie to another 
 of meaner eflate,that is (likewife) Aduantage. 
 
 If two or more men, doo hurt or ftrike another, 
 fo as the man hurt is not able to make prefent re- 
 uenge,that is alfo Iniurie with aduantage. 
 
 By thefefewe examples, may all other aduanta- 
 gious Iniurics be conceiued : but therewith is to bee 
 remcmbred, that the dtfhonor and burthen of fuch 
 ads doo apperteine vnto the Iniurer, and the iniurie 
 onelierellethvponthe Iniured without burthen, vn- 
 lclTc he fhewc apparant fignes of cowardifc : where- 
 vpon may bee inferred, that no Iniurie with aduan- 
 tage dooth occafion any neceffarie quarrell, fith no 
 man is neceffarilie bound to challenge; but onelie he 
 that fhndeth charged and burthened. For if an Iniu- 
 rie with aduantage did burthen the reputation of the 
 Ininred, then were it eafie for euerie coward to bur- 
 then the moft valiant manaliue, becaufe fuch Iniu- 
 ries are moll fafelie offered. It feemeth therefore 
 good in this cafe to difftinguifh the nature of aduan- 
 tagious IniurieSjWhich may be in this manner. 
 
 Either the Iniurie with aduantage is offered in pre- 
 fence of other men that can beare witneffe thereof, 
 or els it is offered out of prefence of others. 
 
 In the firft cafe, the teftimonie of witneffes will 
 make the fad punifhable by lawe and ciuill triall, 
 which is the true reuengc, for (as hath been oft (aid) 
 the triall of Amies is net allowed, but in fuch cafes 
 as the ciuill prooues cannot appeare. 
 
 If 
 
of Honor and ^Ar me s. 39 
 
 If the Iniurie bee offered where no man canwit- 
 neffe the manner thereof,then reffeth it in the choyce 
 of the Iniured, either to bee reuenged by challenge, 
 which is jhemore honorable, or with the likead- 
 nantage. f At fuch time as Princes were plcafed to 
 grauntlicenfeforthetriallof reputation in publtque 
 Combat, whofoeuer was knowne to haue offered 
 this fort or Iniurie (with all others his Aiders and A- 
 bectors) were publifhed and proclaimed as perfons 
 Infamous. W hat hath been faid of thefe Iniurics in 
 deedes,is likewife to bee vnderftood where they are 
 offered in worfls. Notealfo that an Iniurie receiued 
 without aduantage,either by word or deed,may not 
 bee difeharged with an Iniurie of words or deedes 
 done with aduantage,asthus. 
 
 A bio we giuenby hand without aduantage., is not 
 truelie difeharged with tenne blowes of the hand or 
 cudgell with aduantage. For it is not rcafonable that 
 a dilhoneft fad done with aduantage, fhould reuerfe 
 an honcfl fad done in good fort and tnanfullie. The 
 caufe why Iniurie with aduantage doth not burthen 
 the Iniured., is, becaufe no lawe in the world com- 
 manded! things impofsible. 
 
 Of Jniuries euill offered. 
 
 Cap. 6 . 
 
 O Ne other fort of Iniurie there is notfarre vn- 
 like vnto the former , yet fomewhat diuers 
 from it, which for the prefent wee will call In- 
 iuries in euill fort offered,as thus. 
 
 If one man doth ftrike another fodeinlie behindc 
 
 his 
 
4.0 The third c Boofy 
 
 his back,that Iniurie is not done with any aduantagc 
 of companie orweapomand therefore is not proper- 
 lie faid to bee an aduantagious Iniurie : yet is it not 
 manfull or honeff, but vile and cowardlie, and the 
 more if the Iniurer hauing giuen the blowe, dooth 
 runne away. 
 
 If a man doth caft a Dagger ,Sword,or other thing 
 of offence,and therewith hurt, that may be alfo repu- 
 ted an Iniurie in euill fort. 
 
 If a man bearing difpleafure towards another, 
 will caufe his friend or feruant to fir ike him; that 
 may be alfo reputed an Iniurie euill offered. 
 
 Alfo, if I in wordes fhall fpeake iniuriouflie or 
 flaunderoufly of another man in his abfence,or caufe 
 others fo to do ; that may be alfo accompted an Iniu- 
 rie euill offered and out of time. 
 
 Of Satisfaction. 
 
 Cap. 7. 
 
 M Any men do hold opinion,that Iniuries com- 
 mitted by deedes, cannot by words bee fatif- 
 fied. But this matter isnottobeeconfidered 
 fimplie,by comparing words vnto deedes,but by the 
 weight and greatnes of the difhonor that is receiued 
 by the fa& and the words. &: alfo of the fhame which 
 I offer vnto my felfe and is offered by others. For 
 whether doo we thinke a Gentleman leffe commen- 
 dable that traiterouflie hurteth another, or him that 
 by filch raeanes recciueth the harme,which may bee 
 alfo faid of him that offendeth with aduantage, or 
 that giueth a hurt in euill fort. In mine opinion there 
 
 is 
 
of Honor and <iArmes. 4.1 
 
 is no doubt to anfwere thisqucftion,becaufe in ordi- 
 nariereafon the offender ought to be blamed, tc not 
 he that is offended, as hath been heretofore difeour- 
 fcd. Notwithftanding, if I hailing done luch an a£f, 
 doo confcfTe the iniurious manner thereof, and fay 
 that without caufe the fame was by me committed, 
 andconfequentlie defirc pardon, there is no reafon 
 but that he who receiued the iniurie fhould reft £ itif- 
 fied. For I knowe no offence fo great, as is vnpardo- 
 nable vppon fuch fubmifsion, and the more for that 
 the nature of all generous minds is enclined to com- 
 pafsion and forgiuenes. 
 
 Yet contrarie to my conceipt, fome others doo 
 hold, that if I hauedoneany iniurious deede, nofci- 
 tiftaclion fufficethjvnldfe I freelie yecld ray fclfe in- 
 to the hands of him who is iniured, and hand at his 
 mercie ; which feemeth veto mcc a courfe verie 
 doubtfull and vnlikc to receiue good. For if the In- 
 iured with his owne hand ihall doo any thing to his 
 fatilfa£fion,in fo doing hefhewethno courtefie, and 
 confequentlie doubleth the anger and quarrel!. Or 
 if without other demonff ration, forgiuenes be taken 
 as a fatiffaffion, then will the matter rdf fufpicious, 
 as a thing agreed on before, and preiudiciall vnto the 
 reputation of him that is iniured. But true it is, if a 
 man fhould vnaduifcdhc or rafhlie offend me, 8c pre- 
 fentiie knowing his error,fall downe at my feete, de- 
 liuerme his weapon and pray pardon 5 in that cafe 
 there is no doubt, but that I ought reft fatiffied, and 
 he freed fro fufpition. But if the matter be not at the 
 firft thus handlcd,and the blond cooled,thcn feemeth 
 it hard how to copaffeapeace by way ofremifsion. 
 
 G Now 
 
The third ‘Booty? 
 
 Now to confirme that was before faid,that words 
 are of effeft fufficient to fati ffie an Iniurie by deede, f 
 fay if a man greatlie harmed by another, doth write 
 that he intendeth to prooue the hurt receiued of him 
 to bee iniuriouflieand vngentlemanliedone, and the 
 Iniurerwillanfwere and confeffe he hath indeede 
 done cuill,and an aft t not iuftifiable ; furely no reafon 
 would that afterwards any quarrell or obligation of 
 honor fhould remaine. The like fatiffaftion ought 
 be receiued from the mouth of the Iniurer,and ther- 
 fore conclude, that Iniuries by deedes may with 
 words be recompenfed. 
 
 What fatis faction Is to be giuen for an Iniu- 
 ne by^Deedes. 
 
 Cap. 8. 
 
 Ecaufe the ground Sc fubftace of this matter c5- 
 i fifteth in knowing the truth ; he that hath done 
 wrong, ought in reafon to confeffe it 5 and hee 
 that hath right, fhould mainteine it : therefore when 
 any man iuftlie offended hath taken a reucnge con- 
 uenient according to the qualitieof the offence, to 
 make a peace betwixt thefe parties, the matter muff 
 be thus handled. He that hath made the reuenge fhall 
 fay : Yerie forie I am to haue had occafion to vfeany 
 aft of reuenge, and without that occafion, if I had 
 done thus,I fhould not haue done wel,&: as a Gentle- 
 man ought to do, or other words to like effeft. After 
 which words pronounced, the other partic know- 
 ing in confcience that he gaue the occafion (confef- 
 fing his fault)ought to reft fatifned,& fo will, vnleffe 
 
 he 
 
of Honor and c iA rmes. 43 
 
 he bee a bodie voyde of reafon. Likewife, if two 
 Gentlemen vppon fome vnkind words doo drawe, 
 and the one hurt the other; to makethem friends,the 
 way is thus He that gaue the hurt or wound fhal fay, 
 char the Gentleman wounded, behaued himfelfe as a 
 valiant man ought,and although he receiued the hurt 
 yethisvertuedid fufficientlie appeare. Vponthefe 
 or like fpeaches, a peace may reafonahlie enfue with 
 reputation to both,- for the one bygiuing the hurt 
 hath gained honor, and the other receiuing praife 
 of h is enemie is acquire of euili imputation; where- 
 by all men lhall knovve, that both the one and theo- 
 therhath tried himfelfe a maniie and valiant Gentle- 
 man. 
 
 If one man doth ftrike or offer violence vnto the o- 
 ther>& prefentlie runne away ; or if the partie offen- 
 ded by any other mcane, cannot bee prefentlie reuen- 
 gediyet in that cafe, if he lay hand on his weapon and 
 endeuour to make renege, he fhal be reputed valiant, 
 and the other a coward. But to make peace bet weene 
 them,thc onclie way is, that he who offered the vio- 
 lence, fhall in plaine termes confeffe the manner how 
 ‘ it was done, and pray pardon. And although it may 
 feeme contra tie to the courage of man, not to main- 
 teinethatis begun; yet when he confidereth in his 
 owne confcicnce, that the a 61 was iniurious and da- 
 flardlic, it fhall bee better chriftianlie to repent, than 
 wilfullie to perfilt againif all truth and reafon. 
 
 If one man dooth chaunce to hurt another vn- 
 wares, orvnknowing him, as fometimes it happe- 
 nethinthe night or darke places, the amends mud 
 be to fay, I know you not, for knowing, I would not 
 
 G 2 haue 
 
^ The third Hoohe 
 
 haue fo done, nor might fo doo without offering 
 wrong and difcourtefie, and therefore pray you hold 
 meexcufed. 
 
 Sometimes it happeneth that one challengeth an 
 other to haue ffriken him, and the other doth denie 
 that fo he did : in that cafe the fatiffadion muff bee 
 thus. The partie charged to haue ffriken, fhall fay (if 
 fo the truth be) Indeed I did not ffrike you,&: if I had 
 (hailing no fuch caufe) I might iufUie bee accufed of 
 Inmrie.After this fort, many other queftions maybe 
 ordered,vfing fuch words and reafons,as to difcreete 
 Gentlemen fhall be thought conuenient. And here I 
 will remember all Gentlemen, making profefsionof 
 Honor and Truth, that they fliould not in any wife 
 mainteine any vniuft words or wrongfull adion. 
 But being by choler or other occafion entred into In- 
 iurie,diey ought rather reforme their error, than ob- 
 ftinatlie continue to the offence of their ownecon- 
 fcience and knowledge. Neither can it bedifhono- 
 rable to confeffe that which is true, nor bee forie for 
 mifdooing. 
 
 Other meanes of T deification and compo - 
 fition. 
 
 Cap. p. 
 
 T Hc firff of thefe is,that afwell the Iniurer as the 
 I mured fhouid bee drawne into the prefence of 
 feme honorable perfonage, and before any ad 
 of fubmifsion or repetition of words before paffed, 
 to agree and referre the order and ending of all que- 
 iliouSiVUto one man iudifferemhechofen by confent 
 
 of 
 
of Honor and arf mes. 4.5 
 
 of both parties. That being done, the man vnto who 
 this office is committed, fhall particularlie and a part 
 entreate with the Iniurer to affirme what he will fay 
 on his behalfe.Then calling the Injured, (hall fay and 
 allure him* that the Iniurer hath made a good 8c rea- 
 fonable fatiffa&ion,in cuerie thing that may bee pre- 
 iudiciall to the honor or reputation of the Iniured: 
 And therefore require afwell the one as the other to 
 {land fatiffied, and repute themfelues in fuchcftate 
 and condition, as they were before the quarrell was 
 commenced. This order hath been oftentimes vfed, 
 and fatilfa&ion fo made,thought effectual dor forne- 
 timesitproouetha thing verie difficult to bring the 
 aduerfaries together face to face, before a Iudge or o- 
 therperfon of authoritie : fometimes alfo being mct> 
 they fall into newe quarrell vpon newe occafion: ei- 
 ther els before they come, a doubt will anfe how 
 they fhall bee accompanied, and whether they fhall 
 come armed or without weapon. Another while 
 there groweth difficultie vpon the words of fatiffac- 
 tion. It hath been alfo feene, that in fuch conference 
 there hath palled fome blowes of the hand, weapon, 
 foote,or other violence ,whcreby the enmitiewas ra- 
 ther encreafed,than appeafed.In which refpe&s, this 
 order is many times vfed. 
 
 Another way is this,that fome perfon of great au- 
 thoritie Ihould call the parties afore him, and take a 
 truce vntiil lice fhall at more leifure confider of the 
 quarrell, enioyningthem in themeane time not to 
 ipeake or doo any thing either againfi: other ; which 
 order is couertlie a truce perpetual. 
 
 Another way is, that a Prince or perfonage of au- 
 G 3 thoritie, 
 
4 .6 1 The third Hooke 
 
 thoritie, Ihould perfwade with the parties to put the 
 quarrell into his hand,, and confent to reft fatiffied 
 with that he lhall vpon his honor determine. Diners 
 other indirect meanes haue been deuifed for the 
 compounding and appealing of Iniuries, which I 
 leaue to the difcrction of wife Sc valiant Gentlemen. 
 
 Of fatisfaolion to Legmen Vpon 'Words. 
 Cap. io. 
 
 I T hath been alreadie faid, that the ground of all la- 
 tiffadtion is truth, which cannot be denied : wher- 
 fotc when foeuer one man hath vtteted any vntrue 
 imputation of another, hee may without diferedite 
 confefte the thing to be otherwife than he fpakeTa y- 
 ing in his owne excufe (vnlelfe the truth bee contra- 
 rie)thatwhichlfaidl thought then to bee true. Or 
 thus. That I faid, was tolde mee of others. Or thus. 
 What I laid was in my choller. Thefe fpcaches ten- 
 ding to fhew the truth to be otherwife than was faid, 
 the panic olfended is disburthened. 
 
 It a man hathgiuen the Lie to another, and after 
 dothknowe the words wherevpon the Lie wasgi- 
 uen to be true : he may in that cafe without reproach 
 reuoke the Lie, and thereby make fatiffachon. And 
 if happeiie he make difficultie to vfe fuchareuoca- 
 rion direcflie, then may he fay, I confefte the words 
 to be true whereoi our quarrel 1 gro weth,either els he 
 may rcpearc the words, and therewithal allow them. 
 
 Another way to procure fatiffa£Honis,Thathee 
 whogaue the Lie lhall fay or write vnto thepartie 
 belied to this effect; I pray youaduertifemeby this 
 
 bearer. 
 
of Honor and Ernies. 47 
 
 bearer, with what intent you fpake thofe words of 
 iniurie, wherevponl gaueyou the Lie. The other 
 will anfwere, I fpake them in choller, or with no 
 meaning to offend you. Thereunto may he anfwercd 
 by him that gaue the Lie, thus. If your words were 
 faidoneliem anger, and no intent to challenge me, 
 then do I allure you that my Lie giuen (hall not bur- 
 then you, for I acknowledge you to be a true fpeaker, 
 and a Gentleman of good reputation ; wherefore my 
 delire is, that the fpeach palled betweene vs may bee 
 forgotten. This forme of pacification may ferue in 
 many cafes,and at fundne occafions. 
 
 Sometimes it happeneth, that a man repenting a 
 fpeach euill fpokenof another, will after denie that 
 any fuch words were fpoken ; which feemeth no ful 
 fatiffaftion, vnleffe heeadde thefe words : I fpake it 
 not, or if I had fpoken it,I fhould haue faid vntmelie. 
 Thefe or like fpcachesare in this cafe veric conue- 
 nient : for if another man fpeaketh euill of me,by the 
 deniall of his fpeach he lhameth himfelfe,but not fa- 
 tiffieth me, vnleffe he alfo affirme mine innocencie. 
 But a Gentleman hailing indeed faid any thing, ought 
 rather confeffe,than denie what was faid : which la- 
 tiffaffion I thinke not difhonorable, but honeff, as 
 proceeding from a Chriffian confcience. 
 
 If a man hath faid any thing that is true, yet vnfit 
 to be fpoken, he ought not denie that fo he faid : but 
 for fatiffaftio muff fay thus. I fpake the words with- 
 out intent to offend, and therefore pray pardon : for 
 indeed to fpeakea truth with intent to offend, dooth 
 giue iuft caufe of offence. 
 
48 The third Tdoohg 
 
 Ho'fr the giuing of fat is faction is a thing not 
 reproach full. 
 
 Cap. 11. 
 
 7 Ow foi* that fatiffaflion is commonlie made 
 by meancs of Vnfaying ^ for by thatterme wee 
 will call afwell euerie reuocation of words, as 
 confefsion to hauc done euii)it may be obie&ed that 
 if vnfaying be fo reproachfull, as for it a man may be 
 difcredited,and of other Gentlemen repulfed; then if 
 I hauefpoken vntrueliCjOr done euill by vnfaying or 
 denying thereof, I am to incurre infamie. But for an- 
 fwereof that ohie&ion, I fay, that great difference 
 there is bctwecne vnfaying in the Liffes or fields by 
 force of Armcs, and that vnfaying which is vttered 
 voluntarilie for the lone of truth ; for the one is fpo- 
 ken for feare of death, and the other by perfwafion 
 ofreafon Forhee that perfiileth tomainteineeuill 
 doth condemne himfelfe, as a man that would fight 
 contrarie to iuffice : but the other fheweth he will 
 not take Armes for any caufc, but that which is iuff. 
 And as the one is the part of an etiill and wicked per- 
 fon : fo is the othera figneof linceritie & loyall mea- 
 ning. For fith there is no man liuingfaultles, yet he 
 that knoweth his error and repenteth, is mofl to bee 
 excufed,endeuounng to make fatiifacfion Therfore 
 thatGcndeman who knoweth hisownefault,and la- 
 boureth fo amend it, doth not onlie deferue to be ex- 
 cufed, but is alfo worthie much praife in offering 
 fuch fatifta£b'on as apperteinethto reafon, and the 
 office of a iuff and true Chriflian. To conclude ther- 
 
 forc. 
 
of Honor and <tA rmes. 4,9 
 
 fore I fay,aibeit the vulgar fort doo thinke, that fatif- 
 faftionisa figneof cowardife: yet who fo chofeth 
 to fight againfl reafonand truth, ought bee reputed 
 rather a bead than a Chriftian,and a furious foole ra- 
 ther than areafonablc creature. 
 
 THE FOVRTH 
 
 B O O K E. 
 
 Of Ndbilitie,accompanied "frith great 
 
 Cap. 1. 
 
 He Emperiall lawes haue determined 
 that no man of bafe calling, ought be 
 admitted to fight with any Gendema 
 or other perfon profefsing Armes : 
 vet for better concerning what No- 
 itie is,it beheueth to know, that No- 
 bilitie is (as fome haue defined it)auncient riches ac- 
 companied withvertuous conditions. Others not 
 allowing that opinion affirme, that riches, being of 
 their owne nature vile, doo nothing helpe towards 
 Nobilitie; and therfore concludcthahat vertue alone 
 fufficeth. Bartholus faith, that riches doo helpe to at- 
 taine vnto Nobilitie ; but to prefeme iz, Venue onelie 
 hath power. Others doo thinke, that Nobilitie pro- 
 ceeded! from the auncient honor, fame, and title of 
 Predecdlots , becaufcotherwife a bondman bein.cr 
 vertuous,might challenge that honor. Some men al- 
 
 H fo 
 
 bilic andGenti. 
 
 digmite, 
 
50 The fourth 'Bookj? 
 
 fo haue thought, that as before God he is moft noble 
 and andworthie, vnto whom is giuen moft grace; 
 euen fo hee is moft honorable among men, whom 
 Princes or lawes haue enhabled vnto dignitic.Ho w- 
 foeuer it bee, moft fure it is, that no man giueth vnto 
 himfelfe any title, but it behooueth him to receiue it 
 from others. Therefore Bartkolus concludeth,that to 
 be made noble, it is requifite the Prince doo beftowe 
 fome fort of dignitie, or title vpon the perfon that is 
 ennobled, to the end he may beeknowne from the 
 Plebeiall people : but we fay that men may bee repu- 
 ted noble three waies. Firft, by nature or difeent of 
 Aunceftors, which is the vulgar opinion. Secondlie, 
 for vertue onelie, which the Philcfepkers affirme. 
 Thirdlie, by mixture of auncient gentle race with 
 Vertue, which is indeede the true and moft commen- 
 dable kind of Nobilitie : for feeing man is a creature 
 reafonable, he ought bee called man, in refped of his 
 owne vertue, and not the vertue of others ; which 
 moued Vlifjes to fay vnto ^ 4 iax 3 boafting of Aun- 
 cefters. 
 
 Tit genus & pror.uos,&qu<£ non fecimus ipfi, 
 
 Vix eu no fir x voco &c. 
 
 But for better manifeftation thatnaturall Nobili- 
 tie mixed with Vertue is moft true and perfed, thus 
 may itbeprooued. ThealmightieGod hath created 
 all things both in generali tie and fpecialitie, with a 
 certeine excellence and bountie, one more perfett 
 than the other,one noble, another ignoble.For amog 
 ftones fome are precious, others of no vertue, and of 
 
of Honor and <iAr me s. 51 
 
 the better fort of them, fome more or lefle precious 
 and orient : euen fo among liuing creatures both in 
 generalitie Sc fpecialitie,we finde fome courteous Sc 
 gentle, others aide Sc voyd of vertue. Much more is 
 die differece of nature in men, among who the eter- 
 nall God hath difpenced his grace to fome more. Sc 
 to fome lefle, according to his diuine will and plea- 
 fure. W herefore the} 7 feeme to erre much, that think 
 Gentilitiein nature hath not any force, when expe- 
 rience proucth that of one rafe and progenie are com- 
 monlie wife,iuft,valiant,and temperate men? of ano- 
 ther, Ample, vniuft, co wardlie, and intemperate per- 
 fons.Notwithftanding,for that we finde in ordinarie 
 obferuation, that neither the horfe of excellent cou- 
 rage, doth alwaies beget another of like qualitie, nor 
 that the vertuous man hath euer children refembling 
 himfelfe, wee doo not (hauing proofe of their dege- 
 neration) efieeme either the one or the other : which 
 moued Iuuenal to fay, 
 
 Malo Pater tibi Therfites,</«wwoc/o tu jis 
 AEacidaryiiw;7h,Vulcaniaq; anna capefjas , 
 
 Quam te Therfitx funilem producat Achilles. 
 
 Seeing then that either by naturall inftinft, nur- 
 ture or endeuour, fome men are more vertuous than 
 others, therefore ought they be reputed more gentle., 
 noble, and worthic honor, than are thofc which arc 
 voyd of noble Auncelfers, good education, and in- 
 duftiie. For albeit no rule is fo generall or certeine, 
 butfometime receiueth exception; yetappearcthit 
 that nature in her owne operation, doth feldome di- 
 
 H 2 grefle 
 
52 , *The fourth < Boo{e 
 
 grelTc from the order thereof. The Falcon neuer or 
 verie rareliebringeth forth other bird than a Falcon. 
 The Greihound engendrech a whelpe like vnto him- 
 felfe.Ncuerthelelfe, if either that bird infhaperefem- 
 bhng her damme, hath not in her like vertue ; or that 
 ■whelpe doth prooue in delight diuers from his fire, 
 they thereby become either contemned, or little c- 
 fteemed. Euen fo is it among men defccnding from 
 Auncefters of honor and vertue : for if neither by ce- 
 leftiall grace,learning, nor endeuour they afpire vnto 
 the habit of vertue, then become they thereby vnfit 
 for all publiquc action, vnprofitable to themfelucs, 
 and confequentlie difdained,or at the leaft lightlie re- 
 garded, what pedigree, Armes, or badges foeuer are 
 to warrant their antiquitic or nobilitie: wherefore 
 eftfooncs concluding I fay with the Poet. 
 
 Tcta lice t ve teres exornent rndique cer& 
 tAtrictjnobilitds folet ejl at cue ynica yirtus. 
 
 Faulus ant Colfus ant Drufus moribus eflo y 
 Hos ante c'fioiesmaiorum pone tucrum 
 fracedant ipfas illi te confide yirgas. 
 
 Die niihi T eucroruw proles y animalia mu to, 
 
 etiercfa putet niji fortia ? nempe yolucrem 
 Sic laudamus acjuumjacih cui plurima palma 
 f cruet exultat rauco yi fieri a circo. 
 
 Nobilis hic/juccuncjue yenit de gr amine, cuius 
 Clara fuga ante alios , & primus in recuore puluis . 
 
 whether 
 
of Honor and <tAr me s. 53 
 
 V Yh ether a quarrel! betlveene tlvo Em per ours 
 may be decided by particular fombat. 
 Cap. 2. 
 
 I T happened the Emperiall fcate being voyd.the E- 
 ledfors named vnto that dignitie two Princes, not 
 by general cofent,but by denifio of voyces,the one 
 pamechofing^//o»/o king of Spaine, the other Rich- 
 ard Duke of Cornwal brother to the Kin? of England. 
 Thefe Princes claiming theEmpire, theone challen- 
 ged the other to trie the right by Combat : where- 
 vpongrewe a quefiion, whether pcrfons of fohi?h 
 calling ought be admitted to fight in Combar.Thci e- 
 vnto is faid, that forfomuch as theEmpire in the be- 
 ginning was gotten by Amies and vertue, and that 
 the execution of all luftice reflet h inArmcsfit fee- 
 methan Empire in that fort gained, to be more hono- 
 rable, than if it were giuen by election. Bcfides that, 
 in fuch triail, the victorious enioyeth it by diuine 
 iudgement.And for example that Empires haue been 
 fo iudged, we reade that the Romanes being in warre 
 with the silbancis, it was by content cf the one and 
 the other people agreed, that three brethren of the 
 one partie called Hcratij, fhould fight with three of 
 the enemies who were alfo brethren, called Cnriatij. 
 Thefe men being brought together, after long and 
 doubtfull fight, the vidlorie fell vnto the Romanes ^nd 
 the Ibancis (according vnto agreement) willinglie 
 yeeldcd their Ccuntne vnto the Romanes gouern- 
 ment. On the contraric may be alleadged,thac forfo- 
 much as theweldooing of the whole Empire, con- 
 
 H 1 fifieth 
 
54 . The fourth ‘Boofy 
 
 fiftieth vpon the life of the Emperour, he ought not 
 to fight in perfon.But this is to bee vnderftood of an 
 Emperour alreadie poflefied and inuefted, for if the 
 cle&ion be doubtfull,then to auoyd a publique warre 
 and effufion of bloud, it feemeth verie reafonable, 
 that two Princes making claime, ought be admitted 
 to triall of Armes, fo long as no other title or intereil 
 appcareth. 
 
 Whether aKing may challenge an Emperour 
 to Combat. 
 
 Cap. 3. 
 
 T He auncient Emperours of Roomc were of fo 
 great puiftance, and hadvnder themfomanie 
 Monarchies and Kingdomesjas well neere the 
 chiefeft part of the world was vnto them fubied, 
 and the Princes of thofe ages were reputed either 
 Subie<fts,Vaftals,orTributaries vnto the Emperours. 
 In which refpe6tj.it was thought vnfit that the Empe- 
 rour fhould vouchfafe to fight with any King or 
 Prince of what ftate or qualitie foeucr. It appeareth 
 alfo, that the honor and refpeft borne towards them 
 was excefsiuej becaufe the ciuill lawe doth call the 
 Emperour Lord of the world, affirming he hath iu- 
 rifdi&ion oner Kings and all Princes 5 yeathere wan- 
 teth not of thofe, that haue named him GOD vpon 
 the earth, and confequently reafonable that he fhould 
 refufeto fight in Combat with any King or other 
 Potentate. On the contrarie fide may be alleadged, 
 thatthedignitieandtitle of Kings is more auncient, 
 than that of Emperours, and that they haue the like 
 
 foueraigntie 
 
of Honor and <t/T rmes. 55 
 
 foueraigntie onermen. For well we knowe that ti- 
 neas ^Romulus ,8c Numa, goucrned in Roome many and 
 many yeares, before that Julius C&far vfurped the title 
 ofEmperour. Ncuerthelcs, Lava jiao King of Httnga- 
 rie challenging the Emperour, was repulfed as vn- 
 worthie.lt happened alfo, that another King conten- 
 ding with the Emperour for the Kingdomc of Pc Io- 
 nia, the faid King did challenge the Emperour to 
 Combat, as before that time Carlo Marcello the fonne 
 of Carlo the fecond had done for triallofthe title of 
 Hungarie, which he claimed by difcenc from his mo- 
 ther. 
 
 The faid King of Hungarie (who was then polTef- 
 fed)being ofperfon puifiant,did condifcendto fight 
 with Carlo Martello a young man of twentie yeares, 
 and vnexpert in Armes, yet indeede rightfullhcire. 
 Thefe Princes refoluedto make triall by Armes vp- 
 pon a day certeine, Sc appoynted the King of England 
 to be their Iudge, and they to performe the fight in a 
 certeine Hand of hisjwhich was done, SC Carlo Mar- 
 tello became victorious, and tooke from the Hunga- 
 rian King his helmet, which had a cheine hanging at 
 the fame,which helmet Carlo Martello and all his fuc- 
 ceffors vfed as a badge. But for refolutionof this 
 matter thus wee conclude, thatPrinces or Kings ha- 
 iling dependance of the Empire, may bee repulfed to 
 fight with the Emperour : but a King foueraigne,ao 
 knowlcdgingnoSuperiour, and holding his Domi- 
 nion or GOD and his owne fword onelie,may chal- 
 lenge and fight with any Emperour. 
 
5 6 *The fourth Hooke 
 
 Of the € quati tie and difequalitie of great 5 A(\?- 
 bihtie , and of the prmiledges due to all men 
 profejftng Armes. 
 
 C a v. 4 . 
 
 A King vncrowned may lawfullie challenge a 
 ff King crowned, vnlefle the King vncrowned 
 ' he vnhwfullie afpired,or a Tyrant. The num- 
 ber of Chriftian Kings are 14 of whom onelie foure 
 were auncientlic crowned by the Pope, that is, the 
 French King,the King of England, the Kingof/erw/d- 
 lem , and the King of Sifil. All the other Kings were 
 crowned by their owne Prelates Thus faith Paris. 
 
 An Earle being a Prince abfolute, and not fubiedt 
 vnto the Empire, or any other Potentate, may refufe 
 to fight with any pcrfon beinga fu biedt, notwith- 
 ftanding hec hath the title of Prince, Duke, or Mar- 
 quize. Here is to bee noted that thefe titles of honor 
 were at the firll giuen in office, as the title of Duke 
 was proper vnto him that was a Generali of the Ar- 
 mie. A Marquize was he vnto whom the confine or 
 Marches of a Countrie or Kingdome was commit- 
 ted. An Earle or Count was a Indse or Commander 
 in Peace, and of them in the auncientEmperours fer- 
 ui.ee were diners, as the Comtes Palantinc , were as 
 lie wards of the Emperours houfe, of his Court, or 
 Stable, &: eueneofthem might challenge any Prince, 
 Dukcjor Marquize being a fubiedt j becaufe they are 
 m refpett offubiedtion, reputed none other than Ba- 
 rons. 
 
 A 
 
of Honor and rmes. 57 
 
 A Gentleman well borne and defcended from Pa- 
 rentage of foure degrees, may fight with any Earle or 
 Baron, in cafe of treafon to his Prince or Countrie, 
 and alfo murther and infidelitie,becaufe they arc (be- 
 fides their dignitie) none other than Gentlemen, and 
 Gentilitie or Nobilitie is hereditarieand cannot bee 
 taken away,but Dignitie may. But in other quarrells 
 of leffe importance, the Earle in refpe&ofhis digni- 
 tie may fight by Champion ; but in the cafes afore- 
 faid he lhall fight in perfon, vnlefle he bee aged, lame, 
 or otherwife difabled. 
 
 A Capteine Generali of an Annie Emperiall or 
 Royall, may not be challenged by any Gentleman or 
 Lord i neither ought the Gouernour of any Citie, 
 Towne,orCaffle, becaufe no publique commande- 
 ment may be abandoned for priuate refped.Thelike 
 is to be vnderftood of Ambalfadors, who in regarde 
 of the place they holde, may, during their Commit- 
 fion,repulfe the challenge of any Gentleman or other 
 fubieft whatfoeuer. 
 
 A Soldier bafelieborne,hauing lined in continual 
 excrcife of Armes by the fpace of tenne yeares, with- 
 out committi ng any difobed ience,or other reproach- 
 full aft, ought be admitted to fight with any Gentle- 
 man borne. 
 
 A Gentleman,who either by his owne fault or his 
 Aunceftor, hath committed any treafon againfthis 
 Prince, may bee repulfed to fight with any other 
 Gentleman,vnlefTe the faid offender or his Aunceflor 
 were relfored in bloud, or is in difeent three degrees 
 from the Aunceflor that was attainted. 
 
 A Gentleman that is knowneaSpie fortheEne- 
 
 I mic 5 
 
58 The fourth 2 ho^e 
 
 mie, or bewraieth the fecrets of his owne Princes 
 Campe,abandoneth his Enfigne, or committeth any 
 other Militarie offence, may be repulfed to fight with 
 euerie other Gentlemen ofgood fame & reputation. 
 And by the ancient cuffome, men blotted with fuch 
 note, might not liue in any citie or towne where the 
 Emperour or other Prince remained. 
 
 A Gentleman that hath made profefsion ofArmes 
 by the fpace of twentie yeares in the Court or Camp 
 of his Prince, without infamie or reproach, may 
 (notwithftanding he be difmifTed, retired or cafled) 
 fight with any other Gentleman that liueth in pre- 
 fent Pay and exercife of Armes. 
 
 A Gentleman hauing afpired vnto any title or di<r- 
 nitie, and is either in refpeft of age or infirmicie reti- 
 red to his owne houfe, ought neuerthelefle to enioy 
 all his honors,and fhall be euer(without committing 
 difhonorable fact) reputed worthie the honor he re- 
 ceiued in Court or Campc, and fight with any other 
 Gentleman whatfoeuer. 
 
 An Artificer following the Campe,and exercifing 
 his Arte or Myfferie (notwithflanding he bee alfo in 
 Pay) may bee repulfed to fight with any priuare Sol- 
 dier that maketh particular profefsion and exercife 
 ofArmes. 
 
 No man vnder the degree ofa Gentleman ought 
 be receiued or allowed for a man at Armes on horfe- 
 backe : for by the Emperiall lawes the Regiment of 
 Laufjces,was called Equejlrisordo^nd they whom We 
 call Light horfcmen,were named Cderi. 
 
 Certcine 
 
of Honor and < l - fames . 
 
 Certeine Que£tions> Opinions, andiudgements 
 <-vpon accidents happening in trialls and ex - 
 ercife of aArmes . 
 
 Cap. 5. 
 
 1 TF two men at Aimes doo couenant to fight on 
 I horfebacke,and runnetennecourfes with Iharpe 
 
 Launces, and that hee who word: pcrformeth 
 thofecourfes fhould be iudged vidtored &:prifoner 
 to the other ; It happeneth that at the fecond courfe 
 the one of them falleth from.his horfe, and fodeinlie 
 recouering to horsback offereth to performethe reft 
 of the courfes.The queftion is, whether it be lawfull 
 for him fo to doo,or by the fall be reputed a prifoner f 
 Whereunto is anfwered, that in a Challenge 
 for life and death, no man ought bee accompted 
 vanquifhed vnlefle he bee flame, or forced with his 
 o wne mouth to yeeld or deme thofe words where- 
 vpon the quarrell groweth : yetotherwife it is,when 
 the Challenge or Combat is for Honor onlie,loue of 
 Ladies, or exercifc of Armes, becaufe in that cafe 
 (notwithftanding the Runners bee determined vpon 
 a certeine number of courfes)yet ifat the firft,or after 
 (before thofe courfes bee all performed) any of them 
 doo fall,hethat receiueth the fall fhall lofe the honor, 
 and the other depart with vidtorie. 
 
 2 Two Gentlemen being come into the field to 
 fight for life,the one in fighting happeneth to fall, the 
 other prefcntlic fitteth vpon him and faith, yeeld thy 
 felfe i he that lieth vnder, faith like words, and there- 
 
 1 2 with 
 
do The fourth < Boo%e 
 
 with woundeth his enemic lying vpon him, who 
 feeling the griefe mortall, Ihiketh the other in the 
 throate ?• he that was firft falne arifeth and walketh, 
 fhortlie after they both die $ the queltion is, which of 
 them ought to be iudged victorious ? 
 
 Albeit no dead man can require iudgement of vi- 
 ctories yet to the end the honor due vnto the viCto- 
 rious may be in figne of his valerous merit bellowed, 
 andthefpoylesofthevanquifhed laid vnder hisEn- 
 fignc,thus it is faid.He who firlt had the bodieof the 
 enemie in his power and vnder, ought bereputed vi- 
 ctorious : yet may it be alleadged,that the other who 
 gaue thefirft mortall wound, ought haue the vi&o- 
 rie, becaufe the time thereof Sc not the time of death 
 is to bee confidered. Others are of opinion, that the 
 longer liuer ought to haue viCtorie : and fome af- 
 firrne, that if the Challenger gaue the firlt wound 
 whereof death enfued, although himfelfe did firft 
 dieryet had he performed his part and deferued moft 
 praife. Some alfo doo thinke, there is no iudgement 
 can bee giuen but that the matter fhould lie dead. 
 Howfoeuer it bee, I leaue the fame to more learned 
 Doctors and better experienced Knights. 
 
 3 Two Gentlemen being on horfebacke, the one 
 challengeth the other, the light being begun, the 
 Challenger alighteth Sc killeth his enemie; the Que- 
 Ition is,whether he may fo lawfullie doo ? 
 
 Thereunto is anfwered. That if the Challenge 
 were for triall of Honor, Triumph, or fport on horf- 
 back,then is no honor due to him that thus killed his 
 enemie, for that neither of the lighters ought to bee 
 on foote : but in a Combat for life it is otherwife. 
 
 Sith 
 
of Honor and <iArmcs. 6 1 
 
 Sith then itislawfullafwcllfortheone as the other 
 to take and vfc all meanes, aduantages and fubtilties 
 that can be inuented. 
 
 4 Two Gentlemen capitulate to fight on horfe- 
 backe,&. that he who firft falleth (hall be vanquished. 
 At the firlt encounter they fall both at oneinflanti 
 queftion is, which of them ought be victorious. 
 
 To this cafe may bee anfwered, that forfomuch as 
 the Challenger is not onehe to defend himfelfe, but 
 alfo offend Sc winne vi£torie,now falling euen with 
 the Defender, he thereby ought be accompted vifto- 
 red j for in all doubtfuil caufes the Defender is mod 
 to be fauoured. Others are of minde, that feeing the 
 fall of the Challenger might proceedcof hisowne 
 forced not the vertue oftheenemie, the iudgement 
 ought lie dead. But the true decifion of this queftion 
 is thus. If the Combat were for rriall of Vertue, 
 Loue,or Prize,then ought the Challenger to lofc the 
 honor > but if the fame were for life, then ought the 
 fight to be performed in one other day by confent of 
 both parties ; becaufe in Combats of that kindeno 
 viflorie is gained vntill one of the fighters bee cither 
 flame oryeelded, or hath with his ownc mouth de- 
 nied the words wherevpon the Combat was occa- 
 fioned. 
 
 5 Two Gentlemen determined to fight on horfe- 
 backe for life, the one ouerthroweth the other: be- 
 ing downe, the enemie commcth vpon him : he that 
 is vnder faith, I yeeld, and at the fame inftant with 
 his dagger ftriketh and killeth him that is aboue: the 
 queftion is,which of them ought be pronounced vi- 
 ctorious. 
 
 I 3 
 
 Thereunto 
 
61 The fourth Hooke 
 
 Thereunto is fa id, that forforauch as the words 
 and deedes of him that liueth, were faid and done at 
 one inftant, being of comrade effcfh, the iudgement 
 ought haue relation vnto the deedes : for oft times 
 words are vttered, diuers from the intent of that is 
 done. But if fo be a man doth fay,I yecld,and he vnto 
 whom he yeeldeth doth flay to fight Sc accept there- 
 ofjthen (hall the layer be reputed vanquifhed ; and af- 
 terwards offending him to whom he is yeelded, for 
 fo dooing, he ought bee dilhonored and condemned 
 as a Traitor. 
 
 6 Two Gentlemen being agreed to breake certeine 
 Launcesfor Prize and Honor, the horfeof the one 
 happeneth to humble vpon a broken Launce Sc fal- 
 leth ; whether (hall he in refpedt of that fall beiudged 
 to lofe the honor? 
 
 To this quefhon,the anfwcre is apparant. For fee- 
 ing that the fall proceeded not from the vertue or 
 force of the aduerfary,but by mififortune,the Gentle- 
 man falne oughtto be excufed. Notwithstanding, if 
 the fight had been for life, the matter ought receiue 
 other iudgement, feeing in thofe kind of Combats it 
 is lawfull to take all oportunities and aduantages. 
 
 7 T wo Gentlemen determined to fight for life vp- 
 pon an accufation of treafon, whether is it lawfull for 
 the fudge to depart them,before the Combat be per- 
 formed Sc fullie ended ? 1 W hereunto may be anfwe- 
 red,that forfomuch as the office of a Iudge, is to giue 
 fentence according to allegations and proouesj it fee- 
 meth that the Iudge ought in no wife to flay the 
 fight, but permit the Combat to proceede,till the one 
 or the other of the fighters bee either yeelded or 
 
of Honor and <iA mes . 6^ 
 
 flaine, efpeciallie in quarrells of Co heinous weight as 
 is the caufe of treafon. For Frederic \ the Emperour, 
 whocafi'edand difanulled all particular Battells and 
 Combats vfed by the Lombards, did notwithfranding 
 allow, that vpon quarrell for treafon and fecret mur- 
 ther, the Combat fhould bee permitted and graunted 
 by all Princes, becaufe the one was otfenfiue to God, 
 the other to Prince and Ccuntrie. 
 
 8 Two Gentlemen being come to Combat did co- 
 uenant, that which foeuerof them did giuevnto his 
 enemie mod wounds, fhould be victorious : the one 
 hath his eye put out with a fhiuer of a Launce, k the 
 other hath his bodie and armour pearced through: 
 thequedion is, who ought haue the viCtorie i 
 
 To that doubt we anfwere thus. Albeit the eye is 
 a member of much delicacie, and alfo placed in the 
 head : yet for that the Launce is palled through both 
 bread: and back, it muft needes bee that he on whom 
 thofe wounds are, fhould confeffe to receiuc mod: 
 hurt, and confequendie to lofe the honor and vndo- 
 rie. 
 
 p Two Gentlemen being in fight, the one putteth 
 out the eye of his enemie, and he in requitall of that 
 hurt, cuttethoffhis nofe> the quedion is, who is by 
 thofe hurts mod difhonored ? 
 
 Itmay feemeat thefird fight, that lofTeofan eye is 
 greated,being a member placed aboue, k. that with- 
 out the fight a man prooueth vnfit for all worldlie 
 actions : yetforfomuch as the want ofa nofe is com- 
 monlic accompted the greateft deformitie, and a pu- 
 nifhmcntdiie for infamous offences, it may bee rea- 
 fonabiie inferred, that the Ioffe of that feature fhould 
 
6\ *The fourth c Boo%e 
 
 bring with it moftdifhonor.Befides that,feeingman 
 is made according to thefimilitudeofGod, weeac- 
 comptthat the face being made more deformed by 
 Ioffe of the nofe,than of one eye ; therefore the grea- 
 teft honor of this Combat is due vnto him who ta- 
 keth the nofe of the enemie. 
 
 10 Two Gentlemen in fighting on horfebacke 
 with Launces, the one hath his hand maimed, the o- 
 thcr his knee and whole legge made lame , which of 
 them ought receiuemofl: honor > 
 
 Hereunto may be faid.that the hand being a mem- 
 ber moff neccffarie for fight 3 and placed much higher 
 than the legge : therefore the Ioffe thereof is of more 
 importance,^ confequetlie difhonorable. On the o- 
 ther fide is alleadged, that feeing the leg is of as great 
 necefsitie,fo as without it he is difhabled to feme ei- 
 ther on horfe or foote : therfore he who becommeth 
 hurt and lame m that part, receiueth moff difhonor, 
 and the more for that no Arte can fupplie that want, 
 as in the hand it may. But I referre the true deciding 
 of this ( loubt vnto the wi fe and learned reader. 
 
 11 Two Gentlemen come to fight for life, the 
 Challenger being left handed is maimed on that had, 
 the other being right handed lofeth it >• which of 
 them ought receiue moft difhonor ? 
 
 It feemeth that in this cafe the Ioffes and harmes 
 are cquall; for he who was left handed, being mai- 
 med on that fide, isdepriued of that hand which he 
 vfedchieflie,and was no leffe apt for him, than the 
 right hand is vnto the enemie. And fith it is the office 
 of the Challenger not onlie to mainteine but alfo of- 
 fend and prooue, in not doing more to prejudice the 
 
 Defen- 
 
of Honor and <tA mes. 6*> 
 
 Defender ,than that harme himfelfe receiueth : there- 
 fore the Challenger (although hee lofeth but a left 
 hand)isin this cafe moddifhonored. Yet becaufe the 
 exercife of thefe mens hands were of like necefsitie, 
 I thinke (vnder corredtion) the iudgement ought to 
 red: as indifferent. 
 
 12 Two Gentlemen in performing a Combat on 
 foote, are hurt in places equal! ; the quedion is, whe- 
 ther of them is vi&orious i 
 
 W e haue in the former quedion faid, that where 
 two fighters bee equallie hurt, the Challenger fhould 
 depart with difhonor, becaufe he hath not prooued 
 that which he tookeinhand, which is to vanquifh 
 the Defender. Therefore, the drawing the enemies 
 bloud,andthe manner thereof is to bee confidered. If 
 then the one be hurt on the right arme, and the other 
 on the left,it may feeme there is none aduantage : for 
 as the right hand is apt to offend in fight, fo the left 
 hand is no leffe fit to defend. Notwithflanding, for 
 that the vfe of the right hand is both more neceffarie 
 and ordinarie,he who is hurt thereof,ought to be ad- 
 iudged vnto mod difhonor, chieflie in Combat for 
 life.For in the exercife of Armes for honor onlie,the 
 iudgement ought lie dead, or els he fhall bee thought 
 vi&orious that mod manfullie performed his part,or 
 that regardeth lead the wound,or that mod cunning- 
 lie doth handle his weapon.The qualitie of the hurts 
 is alfo to bee confidered, which of them is more or 
 lede mortall,like wife which member is more or leffe 
 to be regarded. 
 
 13 Foure Gendemen determined to fight on horf- 
 backe for triad oftructh and life, did enter into the 
 
 K Lids: 
 
6 6 The fourth Booke 
 
 Lifts : the one partie doo both charge one of the ad- 
 uerfaries reputed a man of fmall force, yet valiantlie 
 defending himfelfe,did hurt one of the aflailers. And 
 his companion feeing the matter fo handled, fodein- 
 lie difmounteth, and with his Launce woundeth the 
 other of his enemies in thebacke,and forceth the one 
 of them to deme his words : he that denied fleeth out 
 of the Liftes, perfwading his fella we being firft hurt 
 to abide there, faying it was more honorable to dye 
 within, than without the Liftes. Fie who forced the 
 enemie to flic,purfued him; but net able to take him, 
 a queftion was mooned which partie ought bee ac- 
 compted v i£torious,becaufe on either partie one was 
 hurt, and the other two went out of the Liftes with- 
 out licenfe of the Judge. W hereto may be fayd. 
 
 That he who denied, ought with his companion 
 to lofe the Honor. For albeit one of the enemies did 
 alfo leaue the Lifts, yet his entent therein was to ptir- 
 fuehisfoe being fled thence : and forfomuch as the 
 Combat was for matter of Treafon, it fuffleeth not 
 onlie for the vi Tor ions to vanquilh the enemie, but 
 alfo to bri ng him into the power of the Judge to bee 
 puniflied. And it is plaine,that feeing of the one par- 
 tie one was hurt,and the other fled, they ought to be 
 iudged to lofe all honor,and be condemned as guiltie 
 of that wherevpon the quarrcll was mooned. 
 
 14 Scauen Gentlemen doo compound with feauen 
 other, to runne certeine courfes at the Tilt for honor 
 and loue of Ladies ; in which match, it happened 
 that flue of the one partie did commendablie acquite 
 them felues,b ut the other two of that fide were ouer- 
 throwne. On the other fide, two onelie performed 
 
 their 
 
of Honor and <iAr me s. 6j 
 
 their courfes well, and the reft of that companie ex- 
 ceeding euilljlofing many Launces,and running very 
 foule : whereof a queftion grewc, whether vnto fine 
 well doers and two euill,or vnto two weldoers with 
 fiue euilhthe honor ought be allotted ? 
 
 Albeit in this cafe much may bee fpoken, yet for 
 that the queftion is not of any particular nuns merit, 
 but which partic in generall performed befttheen- 
 terprize; it may be alleadged, that the partic wherein 
 were moft weldoers ought tohaue the honor, not- 
 withftandingthefalj or twooftheircompanions:yet 
 forfomuch as to fall from horfeback by the enemies 
 force or vertue is moft reproachful!, it feemeththat 
 the mifaduenture ol two men onlie, may reafonablie 
 be the lofie of honor to all the reft. And therefore we 
 leaue the iudgcment of this doubt vnto wife men, 
 better experienced in Armes. 
 
 15 Two Gendemen being in Combat for life, die 
 Challenger taketh the fword of the Defender from 
 him, notwithstanding the Defender moft valiantlie 
 defendeth himfelfe with his arme and hands all the 
 whole day, during which time he could not be for- 
 ced either to denie, yeeldorbeeflaine. A queftion 
 thereupon arofe,whether of them was victorious? 
 
 Forfomuch as this Combat was for life, and that 
 in eueric fight of fitch nature, no viCtorie isfullie 
 gained vntill the Defender is flaine, or els forced to 
 yceld or denie 5 it feemeth that he is not to be iudged 
 guiltie,not hauing done any of thefe, although his 
 fword were loft, which indeede in all Martiall exer- 
 cifes and feates of Armes is a thing much to bcedif- 
 commended. But moft ccneine it is, that in all Com- 
 
 K 2 bats 
 
68 The fourth Boohf 
 
 bats and ^ftions of Armes/or Honor i Loue J & Praife 
 onelie, who foeuer lofeth his fword, muftprefentlie 
 (alfo)lofe the honor and vi&orie. 
 
 1 6 Two Gentlemen fighting for life within the 
 Lilies, the one yeeldcth himfelfe a prifoner. W he- 
 ther may the Prince of the place (who in Combat is 
 defied a Iudge) faue the life of him that is vanqui- 
 fhed ? Hereunto may be anfwered. 
 
 That albeit euerie prifoner apperteineth vnto his 
 taker,yet hath it commonly been vfed,that the viflo- 
 rious haue prefented their prifoners vnto the Prince, 
 to bee difpofed at his good pleafure, who in recom- 
 pence thereof, doo vfe (according to the magnani- 
 mous mindes of fuch perfons) not onelie to pay the 
 charges of the victorious, but alfo in ligne of cle- 
 mencicandmercie fetthe infortunate prifoner free- 
 ly atlibertie.Asdidthe noble King Edward the third 
 of England, vnto Iobn Vifconti , who in his prefence 
 was vanquifhed by Thomas de la March bafe fonne 
 vnto the French King. And Phillip Duke of Milan did 
 the like vnto another infortunate Gentleman van- 
 quifhed by a Neapolitan Knight. 
 
 Of the honor gained or loft hy being di farmed in 
 fundrie places, and of fundrie peeces. 
 
 Cap. 6 . 
 
 A Man that lofeth his .Sword in fight, is more re- 
 proached than he that lofeth his Shield. For he 
 gaineth the greatefl honor that winneth the 
 chief weapon from the enemie,which is the Sword, 
 feeing therewith theEmperour and Kings do create 
 
 their 
 
of Honor and aAr me s. 69 
 
 their Knights, and the Sword is borne before them 
 in figne-of authoritie and regall power. 
 
 He that lofeth his Headpeece in fight, is more dif* 
 honored, than he that lofeth his Shield, becaufethe 
 Helmet defendeth the moll: principal] part of man, 
 but the Shield armeth a lower place. 
 
 He that lofeth his Gauntlet in fight, is more to bee 
 blamed, than he who is difarmedof his Poulderon. 
 For the Gauntlet armeth the hand, without which 
 member no fight can be performed, and therfore that 
 part of Armour is commonlie fcnt in ligne of de- 
 fiance. 
 
 He that is caft out of the Saddle by violence of his 
 aduerfaries encounter,fhall bee more reprooued,than 
 he who fallcth by the default of his horfe,the brea- 
 kmg of girths, or any fuch like accident. 
 
 Of the honor gamed or loft by the hurts giuen 
 or taken in ffombat for life or in T numgh. 
 Cap. 7. 
 
 H E that in fight lofeth his Eye, fhall thereby re- 
 ceiue more dilhonor, than hee that lofeth his 
 Teeth ; becaufe the Eye is a member feruing 
 the moft neceffarie fence, but the Teeth are onelie in- 
 ftruments of the mouth. He that lofeth his right Eye, 
 is more to bee reproached,than he that lofeth the left 
 Eye ; becaufe the right fide is in better opinion of 
 men.The like is to bee faid of the hands,of the armes 
 and legges. If a man halting but one Eye doo fight 
 with another man that hath two, in lofing that one 
 Eye,he fhall be more blamed, than he who hath two 
 
 K 1 Eyes, 
 
yo The fourth^oo^e 
 
 Eyes, although hee lofeth one. Hee that lofeth his 
 whole hand, ftiall bee more reproached,than he who 
 lofeth one Eye. And hee that lofeth a foote, is more 
 difgraced,than he that lofeth one hand . 
 
 Of Jusls and T armament s 3 and hofo the acci- 
 dents in fuch exercifes are to be iadged. 
 Cap. 8. 
 
 I Tiswritten,howataTriumph in thenoblcCitie 
 oi Naples, a Gentleman called the L. Peter Comte 
 of Derife , receitied fo furious an encounter by the 
 Launce of another that ranne againft him, that there- 
 with he became at one inftat djfarmed of his Shield, 
 his Curats & Headpeece,fo as he being vtterly difar- 
 med, was left on horsbackin his doublet only, with- 
 out other harme : In reqtiitall whercof,the faid Veter 
 gaue vnto the other Gentleman fo violent a bio we, as 
 therewithal! the girths of the hotfe were broken,and 
 the man calf headlong on the ground. Thereupon a 
 queftion was mooned, which of them had merited 
 moft honor, or rather which of them deferucdlcaft 
 reproach ? Wbereunto was anfwered abfolutelie, 
 that he who fell fro the horfe, was moft difhonored ; 
 for(next vnto death) to fall from the horfe is moft re- 
 proachfull. 
 
 Yet is it lefte aifgrace to fall with the horfe, than 
 to fall alone : and therefore, albeit a man doth runne 
 neuer fo well, if in the end he doth fall fr5 the horfe, 
 he can by no meanes receiue honor for that day, but 
 fhall rather depart with difgrace. 
 
 W ho fo fighting on foote at Barrier, or in any o- 
 
 ther 
 
of Honor and <l/T rmes. 71 
 
 ther exercife of Armes, is by the force of his aduerfa- 
 rie contained with his hand to touch the ground, 
 fliall thereby lofe ail commendation. 
 
 He that on horfebacke diredleth his Laun cc at the 
 head, is more to bee praifed,than he that toucheth lo- 
 wer .For the higher the Launce hitteth, the greater is 
 the Runners commendation. 
 
 Who fo runneth lowe, is not onelie vnworthie 
 praife,butalfo mcriteth reproach. And he who fo ca- 
 neth his Launce comelie and firmc, is more to bee 
 praifed, although heebreakenot, than hee who mif- 
 gouerneth his horfe, or vnskiliullie handleth his 
 Launce 3 althoughhe doth breake. 
 
 He thatvfethto runne high, fitteth fteadelie and 
 moueth leaft in his courfe, accompanying his horfe 
 euenlie and iuftlie,is in running worthie al commen- 
 dation. 
 
 He that falleth with the encounter of the aduerfa- 
 rie(although as is before fatd, the fame be a great dis- 
 grace) yet is it more cxcufcable, than if he remaineth 
 on horfebacke amazed, fufFering his horfe to wander 
 he wotteth notwhether. 
 
 He that with his Launce taketh away the Reft of 
 theaduerfaries Armour, meriteth more honor, than 
 he that taketh away any other ornament. 
 
 He that breaketh his Launce on the Pomell or 
 bolfter of his aduerfaries Saddle, deferueth worfe, 
 than he who beareth his Launce well without brea- 
 king. 
 
 He that breaketh on the face or other part of the 
 horfe, meriteth worfe, than he that breaketh not at 
 all. 
 
 He 
 
He that hurteth an horfe, fhall not receiue honor, 
 although before he hath runne well : for he that hur- 
 teth an horfe is in like predicament with him that fal- 
 leth jwho cannot on that day receiue any honor. 
 
 He is worthie fmall eftimation, that cannot go- 
 u erne his owne horfe, or that fitteth loofe in his fad- 
 dle : but much is he to bee praifed that with his force 
 difordcreth his aduerfarie in the faddle. 
 
 He that letteth his Launce fall,can claimeno com- 
 mendatio. And lefte worthie praife is he that know- 
 eth not how it Ihould be charged. 
 
 He that brcaketh the Launce fliriouflie in manie 
 peeces,is more reputed,than he that breaketh it faint- 
 lie in one onlie place. 
 
 He that conueieth his Launce into the Reft in due 
 timers worthie commendation : buthethatcarieth 
 it fhaking in his hand or vnftaiedlie in the Reft,meri- 
 teth blame. 
 
 He that dexterouilie carieth the Launce long on 
 the arme,and skilfully conueith it into the Reft neere 
 the time of encounter, is more allowed, than he that 
 fodeinlie and at thefirft fetting out doth charge it. 
 
 To conclude, hee is worthie all commendation, 
 that beareth himfelfe well on horfcbacke, that fit- 
 teth comelie, that fitteth his bodie well with Ar- 
 mour, that hath his perfon fo difpofed as if it were 
 without Armour, that can endure to weare it Jong, 
 and that till the ende of the day difarmeth not his 
 head. 
 
 He that performeth not all his determined cour- 
 fesjought not receiue any prize or honor. 
 
 Hee that hurteth or toucheth an horfe with his 
 
 Launce, 
 
of Honor and <iA rmes. 73 
 
 Launce,(hall neither haue prize nor praife/or he is in 
 cafe as though he had falne. 
 
 He that doth fall, may not runne any more in that 
 day, vnlefle he falleth on his feete handing right vp, 
 and bee alfo a Challenger : for in that cafe he may rc- 
 turneto horfe andanfwer all commers, becaufe on 
 that day he is fo bound to doo. 
 
 T he manner of Combats in England,^ 7 found 
 them recorded in the French tongue 3 and 
 Written in an auncient boo^e, /helved me by 
 Matter G arte r her Maietties chtefe Here - 
 hault* 
 
 F Irft,the Cartcll or bill of Quarrell afwell of the 
 Challengers behalfe as of the Defenders, was 
 brought into the Court before the Comflable and 
 Marjhall. And when the truth of the caufe of quarrell 
 could not beproued by witnelfe, norotherwife,then 
 was it permitted the fame (hould receiue triall by 
 force of Armes, the one partie by availing, the other 
 by defending. The Coneflable as vicar generall vnto 
 the King afstgned the day of battaile, which was to 
 bee perfourmed within fortie daies next following, 
 whereunto both the Challenger and Defender con- 
 difcended. This being done, the weapons were e- 
 quallie appoynted to either of them, that is to fay, a 
 S word,a Daggcr,and one other weapon,which they 
 called a Glaiue. Then were the fighters commanded 
 to bring in fufficient pledges for furetie,that they and 
 euerie of them (hould appeare Sc performe the Com- 
 
 L bat 
 
yq. The fourth Tooke 
 
 bat betwixt the Sunne riling and goingdowneofthc 
 day appoynted for the acquitall of their pledges>and 
 that they nor any of them,lfiould doo or caufeto bee 
 done any molelfation, damage, afiault or fubtiltiea- 
 gainft the perfon of his cnemie, either by himfelfc, 
 his friends, his followers, or other perfon whatfo- 
 euer. 
 
 Jn 'tohat fort the King commanded the place of 
 Qomhdt to he made . 
 
 T He kings pleafure being fignified vnto the Cone- 
 flable and Marftall, they caufed Lillies or Railes 
 to be made and fet vp, in length three fcore pa- 
 ces, and in breadth fortie paces. The place where 
 thefe Lilies were appoynted, was euer vppon plaine 
 and drie ground, without ridgeSi hills, or other im- 
 pediments. At either end of the laid Lilfs was made 
 a gate or place of entrie, with a ftrong barre to kcepe 
 out the people. For the guarding of either gate one 
 Sargeant was appoynted,and commanded not to fuf- 
 ferany man to approach within foure foote. The 
 one gate opened towards the Ealf ,the other towards 
 the W elf , being If rongly barred with a raileof feuen 
 foote longj&i of fuch height, as no horfe could palle 
 cither vnder or ouer the lame* 
 
of Honor and <tArmes . 75 
 
 fn t>hat fort the King did fit to behold the 
 
 O N thedayof battaile, theKing vfed to fit on a 
 highfeateorfcaffold purpofely made; at the 
 foote whereof, was one other feate for the 
 Conejlablc and Mdrfball. W ho being come thether, 
 called before them the pledges afwellofthe Defen- 
 dant as the Challenger, to beefhewed and prefented 
 vnto the King, there to remaine within the Liftes as 
 prifoners,vntill fuch time as the Challenger and De- 
 fender were come, and had performed all their cere- 
 monies. 
 
 In 'tohat fort the Challenger njfed tofrefent 
 hmfelfe to Combat . 
 
 T** Challenger did commonlie come vnto the 
 Eaft gate of the Liftes, and brought with him 
 fuch Armour as were appoynted by the Court, 
 and wherewith he determined to fight. Being at the 
 gate, there he ftaied vntill fuch time as the Conejlablc 
 and Mar fid arofe from their fcate 5 and went thether. 
 They being come to the faid gate of the Liftes, and 
 beholding the Challegcr there, the Conejlable faid . For 
 what caufe art thou come hether thus armed, and 
 what is thy name s’ Vnto whom the Challenger an- 
 fwered thus. My name is .£.and am hether come 
 
 armed and mounted, to perfourme my challenge 
 againft G. D. and acquite my pledges . W here- 
 fore I humblie defire this gate may bee opened, 
 and I fuffered to performe my intent and purpofe. 
 
 L 2 
 
 Then 
 
j6 ^The fourth Booke 
 
 Then the Conejlable did open the vifor of his Head- 
 peece to fee his face, and thereby to knowe that man 
 to be he who makes the Challenge. 
 
 Thefe Ceremonies ended,the Coned Able comman- 
 ded the gate of the Lifts to be opened , whereat the ar- 
 med man with his neceftaries and councell entered. 
 From thence he was brought before the king, where 
 hee remained vntill fuch time as the Defender was 
 come thether. 
 
 In like manner, the Defender being appeared, did 
 make requeft vnto the Coneftable Sc Marfiall^deCmng 
 they would bee pleafed todeliuerand difcharge his 
 pledges. W herevpon the faid Coneflablc and Marshal 
 did humblie defire the King to releafe them, becaufc 
 the Defender is alreadie come, and prefen ted before 
 his Maieftie, there to performe hisduetie. But in cafe 
 the Defender did not comeat time conuenient in the 
 day appointed,then did the King deliuer his pleafure 
 vnto the Conejlable, and he report the fame vnto the 
 Marjhall, who forthwith did giue order vnto his Liu- 
 temffl- ,that the Defender fhould be prefentlie called to 
 appeare by the Marshall of Herehaults in the South } 
 called Clarentieux : and in cafe the MarJhaU of Here- 
 haitlrs of the King in the South were not prefent,then 
 was the proclamation made by fome omen Herckault 
 of King clarentieux . But if the Combat were perfor- 
 med in the North, on the other fide of the Hitter of 
 Trent , in the circuiteof the King Norre\ then was 
 his Marjhall to make proclamation. The words of 
 the Proclamation was to this effeft. Oie>. G.D. De- 
 fendant in this Combat,appeare now, for in this day 
 thdu haft taken vppon thee to acquire thy pledges in 
 
 prefence 
 
of Honor and <$jfrmes. 77 
 
 prefence of the Lords Coneflable and Marjball^nd alfo 
 defend thy perfonagainft ^.G.who challenged thee 
 to mainteine the caufeofthis Combat. 
 
 This Proclamation was made thrice at euerie cor- 
 ner of the Lifts : but if at the fecondtime, the partie 
 appeared not,then the Herehault did add thefe words 
 Trie day paffetb, and therefore come without delay. And 
 if in cafe the faid Defendant appeared not before 
 noone,but ftaied vntill the third houreafter,then did 
 the Herehault by commandement of the Coneflable 
 and Marfhall, in the beginning of the Proclamation 
 fay^.G.appeare in haft 3c faue thine honor, for the 
 day is well neere fpent, wherein thou diddeft promi fe 
 to performe thine enterprize.lt was alfo vfed that the 
 Coneflable his Clarke, fliould in a booke record the 
 houre of the fighters appearing within the Liftes, ei- 
 ther on foote or on horfebacke, in what fort they 
 were armed,ot what colour the horfes were,&: how 
 they were in all poynts furnifhed. 
 
 It was alfo auncientlie vfed,that the Coneflable mo- 
 uedtheKinginfauourofthe Fighters, and knowc 
 whether his Maieftiewere pleafed to appoyntany 
 of his Nobilitie or other feruants of reputation,to af- 
 fift them in Combat. 
 
 The Coneflable 2nd Marjhall did furuay theLaun- 
 ces and other weapons , wherewith the Combat 
 fhould bee performed, making them equall and of 
 euen meafure. 
 
 The Coneflable alfo appoynted two Knights or 
 Squires vnto the Challenger, to keepe the place free 
 from impediments ; the like was alfo done for the 
 Defender. 
 
 L 3 
 
 The 
 
y 8 The fourth Boo^e 
 
 The Conefiable did alfo mooue the King,to knowe 
 whether his Maieftie in perfon would take the othes 
 of the Fighters, or giue him and the MarJhaU autho- 
 rise to doo it out of his prefence. 
 
 The Conefiable alfo did fend the Marshall vnto the 
 Challenger and his councell to make readie his oath, 
 declaring that after that ccremonieall protections 
 ftiould bevoyd. 
 
 After thefe preparations, the Conefiable caufed his 
 Clarke to bring foorth the booke, wherevpon the 
 Combatters were folemnelie fworne. 
 
 T he fir ft Oath. 
 
 'J'He Conefiable hauing caufed his Clarke to reade 
 the Challengers bill , calling him by his name 
 and faid. Dooeft thou conceiue the effect of this 
 bill ^Hcre is alfo thine owne Gauntlet of defiance. 
 Thou (halt fweare, by the holieEuangeliftes, that all 
 things therein conteined be true, and that thou main- 
 teine it fo to be vpon the perfon of thine aduerfarie, 
 as God fhall helpe thee and the holie Euangelifts. 
 
 The oath thus taken,he was led back vnto his for- 
 mer place,and the Conefiable did caufe the MarJhaU to 
 produce the Defender ,whotooke the like oath.This 
 oth was euer take the parties kneeling, vnlefle it plea- 
 fed the Conefiable and MarJhaU to pardon that duetie. 
 
 The fee ond Oath, 
 
 JHe fecond Oath was alfo indifferentlic propoun- 
 ded to cither of them, yi^. That they had not 
 
 brought 
 
of Honor and rmes. 7 $ 
 
 brought into the Liftes other Armour or weapon 
 than was allowed, neither any engen, inftrument, 
 herbe, charme, or inchantment, and that neither of 
 them fhould put affiance or truft in any thing other 
 than God and their owne valours,as God and the ho- 
 lie Euangeliftes fhould helpe them. That done, they 
 were both fent backe to their places of entrie. 
 
 T he third Oath 'toas this. 
 
 nPHe Combatters being againe Called, were com- 
 •1 manded by the Conejlable to take one the other 
 by the hand, and lay their lefc hands vpon the booke : 
 which done, the Conejlable faid. I charge thee ^f.B. 
 Challcnger,vpon thy faith,that thou doo thine vtter- 
 moft endeuourand force to proue thine affirmation, 
 either by death or den iall of thine aduerfarie, before 
 he departeth thefe Lifts, and before the Sunne goeth 
 downe this day, as God and the holie Euangeiifts fhal 
 helpe thee. 
 
 The verie fame oath in like manner vfed was of- 
 fered vnto the Defender, and that done, the Fighters 
 returned vnto their places,friends and councellcrs. 
 
 Thefe ceremonies ended , an Herehault by com- 
 mandement of the Conejlable 2nd Marshall, did make 
 proclamation at foure corners of the Lifts thus.O/V^, 
 oie^j. W e charge and commande i n the name of the 
 King, the Conejlable and Marfhal, that no man of what 
 ftate, title, or degree foeuer, ftiall approach the Liftes 
 neerer than foure foote in diftance, nor fhall vtter any 
 fpeach,word,voyce or countenance, whereby either 
 the Challenger or Defender may take aduantage vp- 
 
 pon 
 
S o Hoe fourth 55 ooke 
 
 pon painc of lolfe of life,liuing and goods to be taken 
 at the Kings good pleafure. 
 
 Then the Coneftable and Marjhall afsigned a place 
 couenicnt within the Lifts,where the King of Here- 
 bciults and their officers fhould ftand and bee readie if 
 they were called • for afterwards al things were com- 
 mitted to their charge, afwdion the behalfe of the 
 Defender as the Challenger, as if any thing were for- 
 gotten in their confefsions, either touching their 
 lands or confidences : or that any of them defired to 
 eate or drinke. All thofe lacks were fupplied by the 
 Hcrebaults and none other. But here is to bee noted, 
 that no meate or drinke might bee giuen vnto the 
 Challenger, without leaue firfi: asked of the aduerfa- 
 rie, who did not denie the requeft. And after, the 
 Herehault ought goc vnto the Coneftable and Marjhall 
 and make them priuie ; to defire their fauour, that the 
 Fighters might eate,drinke,or eafe their bodies. 
 
 After thefe orders taken, the Coneftable and Mar- 
 shall did auoyd the Liftes of all forts of perfons, faue 
 onlie one Knight and two Efquires armed, to attend 
 on the Coneftable 3 ^nd the like number to await on the 
 Marjhall } eiihct: of them hauing in his hand a Launce 
 without head readie to depart the Fighters, if the 
 King did command. Of more auncient time the Co- 
 neftable and Marjhally were vfed to haue ccrteine Liu- 
 rewrfwf^andferuants within the Lilies. Alfo the one 
 part to keepe order on one fide, 8c the others to looke 
 vnto the other fide. And if the Queene happened to 
 behold the Combat, then the Coneftable and Marjhall 
 awaited on the Kings fide, and their Liutenants atten- 
 ded on the Queene.. 
 
 Then 
 
of Honor and ojfrmes . 8 r 
 
 Then did rhe Coneflablc alone, fitting dovvne be- 
 fore the King, as his Vicar generall, fend hisLiutc- 
 
 fender. 
 
 The Coneftable thus fet.did pronounce this {peach 
 with a loude voyce : Let them go } let them go, let them 
 goattddoo their bej). Vpon which words pronounced 
 
 U in 
 
 nant to the Cnallenger to come vnrohim, and th. 
 Marjhall with his Liutenant did accompanie the Dc 
 
8i The fonrth'Bookg 
 
 in the Kings prefence, the Challenger did march to- 
 wards the Defender to aflaile him furiouflic, and the 
 other prepared himfdfe for defence foberlie. In the 
 meane time, the Conejlable and Marjhall with their 
 Liutenancs Hood attentiue to heare and fee if any 
 words, fignc,or voyce of yeelding were vttered by a - 
 nie of the Fighters, and alfo to bee readie if the King 
 fhould command the Launces to bee let fall to depart 
 the fight. 
 
 The Coneftable and Marshall did alfo take regard, 
 that the Challenger and Defender fhould appeareat 
 the day and houre appoynred, whether the quarrell 
 were for treafon or otherwife. 
 
 The Coneftablc did likewife meafure the weapons 
 of the Combattors,and alfo fearch w hether they had 
 about them anvengin, or other vnlawfull things, as 
 Charmes or Inchauntment : yet was it lawfull both 
 for the Challenger and Defender, to bee afwelland 
 furclie armed as they could. And if any of them 
 would haue his Sword fhorter than the Standcrd,yet 
 was not the other bound to haue his cut to rhat mea- 
 fure, if he required that fauour of the Court. But if 
 either the one or the others Sword palled the Stan- 
 derd, then was that ineq.uali.tie to be reformed : or if 
 they were both ouerlong,both ought be reformed. 
 
 It had been alfo in more ancient time vfed, that 
 the Conejlable and Marjhall, fhould forefee, that if the 
 Kings pleafure was to depart the fight, and fuffer the 
 Fighters to reft, before the Combat ended, that they 
 fhould bee parted in due time, when noaduauntage 
 wcre.Likewife,that they fhould take heed that none 
 of them fhould priuatlie fpeake vnto the other of 
 
of Honor and <iAr me s. 8 $ 
 
 yeeldine, or otherwife. Forvnto the Conejlable and 
 Marfa au apperteined the witnefsing and record of all 
 things. 
 
 And in cafe the Combat were for qucftion of trea- 
 fon, he that was vanquifhed fhould bee foorthwith 
 difarmed within the Lifts, by commandement of the 
 Concflctble and the Marfa all. The faid Armour and 
 weapons of the vanquifhed, in one end of the Lifts 
 was defaced in his difgrace, and after, the fame was 
 drawneout together with his horfe. From thence 
 alfo the man vanquifhed was drawne vnto the place 
 of execution to bee there headed or hanged, accor- 
 ding to the cuftomc of theCountrie. The perfor- 
 mance of all which punilhment, apperteined onlic to 
 the Marfaall, who ought fee all things done in his 
 owne prefence. And in cafe the Challenger did not 
 vanquish his enemie, then ought he fufferthe fame 
 paincs that are due vnto the Dcfender,if he were van- 
 quifhed.But if the quarrell were vpon a crime oflefte 
 importance, the partie vanquifhed, fhould not bee 
 drawne vnto the place of execution, butonelie led 
 thether to receiue death or other punifhment, accor- 
 ding to the cuftome and qualitic of the matter. 
 
 Ifthe Combat were onclic fortriallof vertue,or 
 honor,he that was vanquifhed therein, fhould be dif- 
 aumed and put out of the Lifts without further pu- 
 nifhment. 
 
 If it happened that the King would take the quar- 
 rell into his hand,and make peace betweene the par- 
 ties without longer fight. Then did the Conejlable 
 leade the one, and the Marfaall the other of the figh- 
 ters out of the Lifts,at diuers gates, armed and moun- 
 
 M 2 ted 
 
3 4 - The fourth Tooke 
 
 ted as they were, hailing fpcciall regard that neither 
 of them fhould go the one before the other. For the 
 quarrell refling in the Kings hands might nor bee re- 
 liiied, or any violence offered without prejudice vn- 
 to the Kings honor. And bccaufe it is apoyntverie 
 fpeciall in matters of Armes,that he who leaueth the 
 Lifts firft, incurreth a note of difhonor : therefore to 
 depart the Lifts in due time was euer precifelie ob- 
 ferued,wcre the Combat for treafon or other caufe 
 whatfoeuer. 
 
 It is alfo to bee remembered, that without the 
 principall Lifts, were euer certeine Counterlifts, be- 
 twixt which two, the feruantsof the Conefiable and 
 Mctrjhalldid Hand. There flood alfo the Kings Ser- 
 iants at Armes, to fee and confider if any default, or 
 offence were committed contrarie to the Proclama- 
 tion of the Court, againft the Kings royall Maieftie, 
 or the lawc of Armes. Thofe men were euer armed 
 atallpeeces. 
 
 The feruants of the Coneilable and Mnrjhall had 
 charge of the place, and good order thereof. The 
 Kings Seriants tookc care to keepe the gates of the 
 Lifts, and be there readie to make areft of any perfon, 
 when they fhould bee commanded by the Coneftable 
 or Marjhall. The fees of the Marshall were all Horfes, 
 peeces of Armour, or other furniture that fell to the 
 ground after the Combattors did enter into the Lifts, 
 afwell from the Challenger as the Defender. But all 
 the reft: apperteined to the partie viflorious, whether 
 he were Challenger or Defender. 
 
 The 
 
of Honor and (tAr me s. 85 
 
 The Barres,Pofts, Railes, and euerie other part of 
 the Lifts were alfo the fees of the Marjhdl. 
 
 Certeine 
 
86 The fourth^ookg 
 
 (ferteine Combats graunted by the Kings of 
 England. 
 
 Cap. p. 
 
 E Dmond, of the rafe of tVeji Saxons , fought in 
 combat with Cami tus King of Denmark?, for the 
 poffcfsion of the Crowneof England. Iirwhich 
 fighg both the Princes being wearic., by confent de- 
 parted the land betwixt them .*Anm. ioic. 
 
 Robert 
 
of Honor and <t/f rrnes. 87 
 
 t Momtfort accufed Henrie of Fffex of trea- 
 
 fon, affirming that he in a iorney cowards Wales 
 neere vnto Coljhil , threwc away the Kings Standerd, 
 faying the King was dead, and turned backe thofe 
 that went to the Kings fuccour.Heu rie denied the ac- 
 cufadon, fo as the matter came to be tried by Com- 
 bat. The place appoynted for fight, was a little lie 
 neere vnto Reading. In this Combat Henrie was van- 
 
 o 
 
 quifhed and fell downe as dead, and at the fuite of 
 friends, licence was obteincd that his bodie might be 
 buried by the Monkcs of Reading. But it happened 
 that the bodie of Henrie recouered, and became a 
 Monke in that Abey . .Anno 1 1 6 5 . In the raigne of 
 King Henrie the fecond. 
 
 Duke of Hereford accufed Thomas Mowbray 
 Duke of Ncrjfolkp ofcerteine words by him fpo- 
 ken,as they rode becweene London and Erainford i ten- 
 ding vnto the Kings dilhonor.Thcmas Duke of Norf. 
 denied to haue fpoken any fuch word, but Henrie af- 
 firming his acculation, the King graunted the Com- 
 bat to bee performed at Coucntrie the 7-of September 
 119%. Anno Rich. 2. 
 
 ^Combat was fought at Wejlminjier in the Kings 
 prefence, betweene Iohn Anfley Knight, and Tho- 
 mas Carrington Efquire, who the faid Knight hadac- 
 cufedof treafon, for felling the Cafile of S.Sauiours, 
 which the Lord Chandos had budded in the lie of 
 Conflantine in France. In which Combat the Knight 
 was vi&orious. Anno 1379. regniRich.2. 
 
 A Com- 
 
88 i Thefourtb c Bookg 
 
 ^Combat was graunted vnto an Efquire borne in 
 Nauarra, to fight with an Englijb Efquire called 
 John Welfhy whom the Nauarrois accufed of treafon. 
 But the true caufe of the Nauarrois his malice was, 
 for that the faid JVeljb had forced his wife, as (being 
 vanquifhcd)hc confefled.The King gaue fentence he 
 fiiouldbeedrawnc and hanged. .Anno. 1 3 8 4. Rcgni 
 Mich: 2 . 
 
 ^Combat was fought betweene Sir Richard Wood- 
 uile and one other Knight borne in Spaine. After 
 the third blowe giuen,the King ftaied the fight. *4n- 
 noi^i.RegniHenr.6. 
 
 ^Combat was graunted vnto lohn Vifcount borne 
 in Cipresy and Thomas de laMarfhe baftard fonne 
 vnto Philip King of France 3 in the raigne of King Ed- 
 ward the 3 .at IVeJlminjlcr. 
 
 Cert cine 
 
Certaine Combats for Triumph, 8 p 
 
 Honor , and Love of Ladies , brought before 
 
 the Kings of England. 
 
 Cap. ii. 
 
p o The fourth Hooke 
 
 the furniture of this worke, brieflie to remember 
 fomefpcciall excrcifes of Armcs brought before the 
 Princes of this realme for Honor, and loue of Ladies 
 onlie : and among the reft (as actions moft worthic 
 memorie) wee will touch certeine particular Com- 
 bats (or as they are commonlie called) Triumphs, 
 lulls and Turniaments performed before our prefent 
 Soueraigne Qucene Elizabeth , a Prince of lo great 
 magnanimitie and wifedeme, as by imitation of her 
 moft noble and princelie verities, the Court of Eng- 
 land both for Armcs and learning hath in her raigne 
 excelled all others. 
 
 T riumphs before King Edward 
 
 the third. 
 
 a N the raigneofKingEdwm/thethird,aray- 
 all lull was holden at Lincoln by the Duke of 
 Lancafler, where were prefent certeine Am- 
 baftadors fent by the King of Spaine for the Ladie 
 loane daughter to the King, whofhould haue been 
 married vnto that King ol Spaine : but meeting her 
 on the way,fhe died. *4 mo. 1348. 
 
 ^Triumph was holden at windfor before the fame 
 King Edward: whereat was prefent, Dauid King 
 of ScoMghe Lord of Tankeruile , and the Lord Charles 
 Vdlloys, who by the Kings licenfe was permitted to 
 runne,and had the prize. ^Anno. 1349. 
 
 | N Smithfield were folcmne lulls in the fame Kings 
 raigne, where was prefent a great part of the moft 
 
 valiant 
 
of Honor and <t/frmes. pi 
 
 valiant Knights of England and France. Thcther came 
 alfo noble perfons of other Nations, as Spaniards, Ci- 
 priuts^nd .Armenians, humblie defiring aide againft 
 the Vagans. .Anno 1 3 51. 
 
 tA T riumph before King Edward 
 
 the fourth. 
 
 Vlfs were againe holden in Smithfield, 
 where Anthonie Wcoduile Lord Scales did 
 runne againfl the Bajlard of Burgondic. 
 Anno. I444. 
 
 *A Triumph before King Henric 
 
 thcfixt. 
 
 O Ne other notable a&ion of Arm.es was perfo- 
 fonallie performed in Smithfield, betweene a 
 Knight of Spaine called Sir Francis le A rago- 
 noys , and Sir John A Filey Knight of the Garter. For 
 after the faid Sir Francis had wonne the honor from 
 all the men at Armes in France , he came into England ] 
 and madeagcnerall Challenge, but by the great va- 
 lour of Sir Iohn Aflley loft the fame vnto him. The 
 memorie of which aftion remaineth with Malfer 
 Garter principall King of Armes. 
 
 Triumphs 
 
pz 'ThefGurth Hooke 
 
 Triumphs before King Hcnrie 
 
 the feuenth. 
 
 T Richmont was holdcn a folemne Tri- 
 umph, which continued a whole moneth> 
 where Sir lames Parser running againft 
 Hugh Vaughan was hurt and died. 1494. 
 
 QNe other Triumph was in the fame Kings dayes 
 performed in the Tower of London. Anno. 1502. 
 
 Triumph es before 20‘#£Henrie 
 
 the eight. 
 
 , Vt farre exceeding al thefe was that roag- 
 ' nificent Iufts Sc Turniments, at the mec- 
 | ting of the two excellent Princesj King 
 ! Henrie the eight of England , Sc K. Frances 
 Cing : who choofing vnto them xiiij. o- 
 thers, did challenge to runne attheTylt, and fight at 
 the Turney and Barrier with all commers. The 
 Chalengers were ; The King of England , the King of 
 France , the Duke of Suffolk?, the Marquis Borcet , 
 Sir tvilliam Kingilon » Sir Richard Iernegan, Maftcr 
 Nicholas Carew , and Mafier Anthonie Kneuet , with 
 their Afsiftants, Sir Rowland Sc Sir Giles Capell : with 
 thefe were fo manic other French Getlemen,as made 
 vp the number aforefaid. 
 
 For Defenders, thether came Monfieur de Vandofme, 
 the Earle of Deuonjbire , and the Lord Edmond How- 
 *w/;eueric of the bringing in a faireBand of Knights 
 well armed. 
 
 The 
 
of Honor and <*Jr me .u " 9:5 
 
 This rrioft noble Challenge of thefe tvo might ic 
 Kings, accompanied with xiii j . other Knights, of ei- 
 ther Nation feuen they caufed to bee proclaimed by 
 Norrey King of Armes,in England ,8c France, Germu- 
 nie i% Atino 12, Hen. 8 . 
 
 QNe other moil memorable Challenge was made 
 by the fame King ; who in his o wne royall per- 
 fon, with william Earle of Deuonjbire, Sir Thomas 
 Kneuetgc Edward Neucll Efquire, anfwered all com- 
 mers, at Wedlminfler. The King called himfelfe Cuer 
 loyal ; the Lord William } Bon voloir ; Sir Thomas Kne- 
 uet,Vailliant defir ; and Edward Neuill, 1 oyous penfer. 
 
 Defenders were j 
 
 The Lord Grey, Sir William a Parr, Robert Morton, 
 Richard Blont, Thomas Cheyney, Thomas Tyrrell, Sir 
 Rowland Cbriilopher Willoughby, the L .Howard, 
 
 Charles Brandon, the Lord Marquis, Henri e Guilford, 
 the Earle of wiltfhire, Sir Thomas Bullin, Thomas Lu- 
 cie, the Lord Leonard, the Lord John, Ichn Melton, 
 Griffith Doon, Edmond Howard, Richard T empeft. 
 
 After this Challenge was ended, the prize appoin- 
 ted for the Challengers partie, was giuen vnto Cuer 
 Loyall : SC among the Defenders to Edmond Howard. 
 
 ^Nother folempne Challenge was proclaimed and 
 performed by certatne Englifh Knights : Sir 
 
 John Dudley ,Sir Thomas Seymour, Sir Francis Poinings, 
 Sir George Car ew, * Anthonie Kingflon , and Richard 
 Cromwell : ^ 4 nm. 154Q. 
 
P4* The fourth c Booke 
 Of like A&ionsin Armesfith her 
 
 Mateshes Ifaigne, thefe doo feeme mofl no- 
 table, as appear eth by the memor tails of M. 
 Clarentieux, a Gentleman <~uerie diligent 
 in her dMaie flies feruice,and carefull toob - 
 ferae things to the Honor of her fJVlaiefhes 
 Court. 
 
 NE folempne Iuft, Turniment, and 
 fight at the Barrier was holden at ivejh 
 minfle r,wherein the Duke of Norfolk, e, 
 the Earle of Su[fex , the Earle of War- 
 wick?, the Earle of Leicefler, the Lord 
 S crepe, the Lord Darcie, and the Lord Hunfdon were 
 Challengers, and with great honour anfwered all 
 Commers. 
 
 The Defenders names are not extant. 
 
 Royall Challenge was alfo there proclaimed be- 
 fore her Maieftie, wherein were Challengers,the 
 Earle of Oxen ford 5 Charles Howard, Sir Henrie Lee , 
 and Chrijlophcr Hatton. 
 
 T he Defenders 'to ere'. 
 
 The Lord Stafford , the Lord Henrie Seymour } Ed- 
 ward Harhart , Sir George Carie , Thomas Cicili , Henrie 
 Gray , William Howard, Sir lerome Bowes. Henrie 
 
 Knowles , 
 
of Honor and <tA rmes. p $ 
 
 Knowles , Henrie Kneuet, william Norris , Richard 
 Bul^elcy, T hornets Kneuet, William Knowles, Rafc Lane, 
 George Deities, Robert Ccl/el } Lancelot Bof.ocke , Brian 
 ^Anfley, Llenrie Mackyvilliams , Thomas Bedingpeld, 
 Thomas Moore, William Worthington t Richard Blunt, 
 Thomas Conyngesby, Robert ^Alexander, Roger Cloptcn. 
 
 ThisTriumph continned three daies. The fil'd: at 
 Tilt ; the fecondatTurney,- and the third at the Bar- 
 riers. 
 
 On cncricof the Challengers her Maieilic bello- 
 wed a Prize : for the recalling whereof, they were 
 particnlarlie led armed by two Ladies vnto her pre- 
 fence Chamber. 
 
 The Prize at the Tilt on the Defenders partie was 
 giucnvnto Henrie Grey - ; At the Turney vnto the L. 
 Henrie Seymor-, at the Barriers vnto Thomas Cicill. Be- 
 fore them went Clarentieux king of armes in his rich 
 coate of Armes. 
 
 This magnificent Combat was performed >Anno 
 1571. 
 
 A. N honourable Challenge was likewife brought 
 
 before her Maiellie by the Earle of ^Arundell, 
 calling himfelfe Callophifus , who with his Afsill- 
 ant Sir William Drewrie challenged all commcrs.^w- 
 «oi 58 o. 
 
 The Defenders were ; 
 
 The Earle of Oxford, the Lord Wind for Jdhilip Sid- 
 ney, Edward Norris, Henne Knowles, Robert Knowles , 
 Fulke Greuill, Thomas Kneuet, Thomas Kellaway,Rafc 
 BowcsjGecrge GcringjGeorge Gifford, *. Anthonie Cooke , 
 
 Henrie 
 
9 6 The fourth Hoohg 
 
 Henrie Bronkerd, Edward Denie 3 Richard Ward 3 Sir 
 Thomas Parrot. 
 
 The Prize was giuen to the Earle of Oxford. 
 
 *y O thefe a&ions of Acmes may be added the no- 
 table Turniament on horfebacke within her Ma- 
 iefhcs Pallace at fVeflminfter 3 which became the more 
 rare and memorable, for that it was performed in the 
 night. The manner whereof inbriefe, was thus. 
 
 Itplcafed her Maiehie (according to her Prince- 
 lie cullome in rcceiuingof noble Grangers) tocon- 
 uitevnto fupper the Duke Momoraticie chiefe Mar- ' 
 ftiall of France, at that time come hether to take the 
 honourable Order of the Garter. This magnificent 
 fupper ended, it pleafed her Highnefle (the weather 
 being warmc)to walke out of her Chamber into the 
 open Tarrace, whether alfo (awaiting on her) went 
 the faid Duke, and all others of the French Nobilitie, 
 with the Ambafladours, Lords and Ladies of this 
 Court. At her Maieflies comming to the North fide 
 of the Tarrace, there were prepared and fet rich 
 Chaires, Cufhions and Carpets. In which place it 
 pleafed her to flay, intertaining moft gratiouflie the 
 faid Duke & other noble flrangers.Next vnto them 
 were placed the Ladies, Lords Conn fellors and o- 
 ther perfons of reputation,according to their degrees 
 and conueniencieof the roume. So as the faid Tar- 
 race was onallfidcs befetwith Lords, Ladies, and 
 perfons of qualitie fumptuouflie apparelled and rich- 
 liefurnifhed,and among them (both aboueand vn- 
 der) flood manieof the Guard in their rich coates, 
 holding an infinite number of Torches : and fo in 
 
of Honor and ttArmes. 9 7 
 
 the preaching place: by which meane, to thofe that 
 beheld the T'arrace in this fort furnilhed, they dee- 
 med it rather a Theater celcftiall, than a Pallace of 
 earthlic building. 
 
 The place with this royall prefcncc replenifhed, 
 fodeinlie entered the Earle of fjfex, and with him 
 twelue Gentlemen armed atal pceccs and wel moun- 
 ted. The Earle and his horfe was fnrnifhcd with 
 white cloath of filuer,and the reft in white fattin, 
 who (after reuerence done to her Maieftie) marched 
 to the Eaft fide of the Court,&: there in troope flood 
 firme. Forthwith entred the Earle of Rutland with 
 alike number in like fort armed and apparelled all 
 in blewe, and hauing prefented his reuerence ftaied 
 on the Weft end. Before either of thefe Bands one 
 Chariot was drawne, and therein a faire Damfell 
 condu&ed by an armed Knightj who prefented cer- 
 teine fpeeches in the French tung vnto her Maieftie. 
 Thefe Ceremonies paft,thc Qneene commanded the 
 armed men to fall vnto fight, which was performed 
 with great courage Sc commendation, chiefly in the 
 Earle otEffex, a noble per fonage^'alerous in Armcs, 
 and all other waies of great vertuc. Tmlie, this acti- 
 on was meruailouflie magni fleet, Se appeared a fight 
 exceeding glorious to thofe that wer below looking 
 vpward to the Tarrace,wher her Maieftie,the Lords 
 and Ladies ftood,fo pompoully apparailed,Icwellcd 
 and furnilhed as hardly can bee feen the like in anic 
 Chrillian Court ; as my lclfe and other the Actors 
 (at occafions flaying from fight) with great admira- 
 tion did behold and thinke. 
 
 Of the Aflors names in this Combat, it feemeth 
 no note is kept : yet arc manie of them liuing. 
 
 N n Not 
 
]S^Ot inferiour, but farre exceeding in princeiie 
 pompe and qualitic of A&ors was that royal! 
 Combat and fight on foote before her Maieftie, the 
 I. oflanuarie^fw«o 1581. where Monfieur of France, 
 the Prince (t <Aufinc, theEarle of Suffex , the Earle of 
 Lei ce Her, the Count S. ^Aionon, Monfieur Ch anuallon, 
 and Monfieur Bar<jueuiUe were Challengers. 
 
 The 
 
of Honor and <tA mes. 99 
 
 The Defenders were} 
 
 The L. Thomas Howard, Sir william Ruffell, Mon- 
 fieur Brunys , Monfieur S. Vincent, Sir Thomas Cicill , 
 Henry Grey John Borough, Lord Windfor, Walter wind- 
 for , Le Boylere , Le chemlier , v Ambrofe Willoughbie 3 Sir 
 William Dr uric, Thomas Radcliffe, Lord shejfeld , Ro- 
 bert Cary, George Car ew,Ful\jGreuill, William Knowles , 
 Francis Knowles, Thomas Kneuet, Lord Darcie, ^An- 
 thony Mildmay,Rafe Stauertcn, Lancelot Bo^ockgGeorge 
 Beeflon , William Worthington, Thomas K ell aw ay , Sir 
 George Carey, Rafe Bowes, Henrie Windfor , IohnWot- 
 ton, George Goring, Edward Moore 3 George Giffard, 
 Thomas Borough, a Anthonie Cockle, Hercules Newtas, 
 Richard Skjpwith, Henrie Bronkard,Iohn Parker, Fran- 
 cis Darcie, John Tyrrell. 
 
 They are not here placed according to their degrees, but as they were 
 called to fight. 
 
 ^Fter fo manie royall and llatelie Triumphs, it may 
 be thought fuperfluous to infert the ordinarieex- 
 ercifcs in Armcs, almoft yearcly vfed on the 17. of 
 Nouember, in memorie of the applaufe of all fub- 
 ieCts at her Maieities comming totheCrowneof 
 England, as euen this laftyeare was vfed by the right 
 noble and valerous Earle of Effex : a Gentleman of 
 great hope, or rather vertuous proofe and lingular 
 perfection. In liew whereof (or rather to auoide ite- 
 ration of names) we haue here fet down thofe Lords 
 and Gentlemen that haue been A&ors in publique 
 exercifesof Armes on horfcbacke,(ith herMaiellies 
 raigne : as chicflie by Mailer Clarentieux notes doth 
 
 N n 2 appeare. 
 
igo *The fourth Booke 
 
 appeare. By confideration of which perfons,as well 
 in qualitic as number, it may eafilie bee conceited, 
 that the magnificence of her Maieftics Court is e- 
 quall or exceeding the Courts of other Kings her 
 noble predeceiTors. 
 
 T hey are not here placed in order of their degrees, but accor- 
 ding to the time of the A ft ions wherein it pleated them 
 to be : and with fuch titles as they fince 
 had,or now haue. 
 
 The Duke of Norffolke . 
 The Earle of Suf ex. 
 
 The Earle of Warwick . . 
 The Earle of Leicefler. 
 The Earle of Ormond. 
 TheL Honfdon . 
 
 The L .Scroope. 
 
 The L.Darcie . 
 
 TheL .North. 
 
 TheL.7 S[orris. 
 
 TheL. Charles Howard. 
 TheL. Grey. 
 
 ‘TheL. Stafford. 
 
 The L. Henrie Seymor. 
 The Earle of Oxenford. 
 The Earle of Effex. 
 
 The Earle of Rutland. 
 
 T he Earle of sA run del, 
 TheL .Windfor. 
 
 The L . Thomas Howard. 
 The L Sheffield. 
 
 'TheL,. Borough. . 
 
 The Earle of Effex. 
 
 The T.Wtllotighbie. 
 
 The L. Strange. 
 
 The Earle of Comberland. 
 The L- Brough of Ireland. 
 
 Knights and Gentlemen. 
 Sir Chriflopher Hatton , 
 Knight of the Order, 
 Sir George Howard. 
 Edward Fitzgarret. 
 
 Sir Robert Conflable » 
 
 Sir Henrie Lee. 
 
 Anthonie l Digbie. 
 
 T bornas War cop. 
 
 T loom as Markham. 
 
 Sir George Reef on. 
 
 Sir William Gorge . 
 Henrie Haruie, 
 
 Edward Hongarford, 
 
 T ho mas (brnwallts. 
 
 John Jerncgan, 
 
 Robert Colfel. 
 
 Robert Wifemart. 
 
 Francis Haruie. 
 
 Sir T homas Layton. 
 William Howard. 
 
 Sir Edward Harbert. 
 
 Sir Henrie (fobham. 
 Walter Windfor. 
 
 Sir Henrie Knenet. 
 
 Sir George Carey. 
 
 Henrie Knowles. 
 
 William 
 
of Honor and < l Armes . 
 
 Edward GreuiU. 
 William T reffam . 
 
 William Bforris. 
 
 R eft’s Lane. 
 
 Sir John Dauers. 
 Cjeorge Deities. 
 
 Sir Henrie Cjr ey. 
 Lancelot Boftcck^ 
 Drum An [ley. 
 
 Sir, Jerome BoWts. 
 Sir T homas CiciH. 
 Henrie Mackwilliam. 
 T homas Bcdingfteld. 
 Sir Richard B Hike ley. 
 T homas Kneutt. 
 
 Sir William Knowles. 
 William Worthington. 
 Edward Cary. 
 hivThomas Jorge . 
 Richard Blunt. 
 
 T homas Moore. 
 
 T homas Coningesbie. 
 Robert Alexander. 
 Roger [lop ton. 
 
 William Hyfeld. 
 
 T homas Cotton. 
 
 Sir Walter Rawleigh. 
 Sir Philip Sidney. 
 
 Sir William RujjeH. 
 
 Sir T homas Weft. 
 Robert KnoWles. 
 
 John farcy. 
 
 Fulhe G reuill. 
 
 Rafe BoWes. 
 
 John Zouch. 
 
 Sir William Drurie. 
 Thomas KtllaWay. 
 George Goring, 
 john Litdcot. 
 
 Edward Moore . 
 
 John Tyrrell. 
 
 Henrie Bronkard. 
 
 Sir T homas Parrot. 
 
 T homas Radclftfe. 
 Sir Edward Tfterris. 
 zAfnthonie Cooke. 
 
 Sir Iohn Tackington, 
 George Gijfard. 
 Richard Ward. 
 Euerard Digbie. 
 
 Sir Edward Denie. 
 Sir William Hatton. 
 T homas Vauifir. 
 Henrie Tfoivell. 
 
 Sir John BorroWe. 
 
 Sir George Cartw. 
 cMnthonie Mildmay. 
 T homas J crrard. 
 Edward Winter. 
 
 Sir Charles Blont. 
 William Greftam. 
 
 Iohn Wotton. 
 
 John Parker. 
 
 Francis Darcie. 
 Robert Carte. 
 
 Sir E dWard Wi ng[eld. 
 John Chidley. 
 
 Sir Thihp Butler. 
 Richard Skipwith. 
 Peckjall Brocas. 
 William Haruie . 
 
 T homas Sidney. 
 
 James Clifton. 
 i Richard ASlcn. 
 
 Nn J 
 
162 The fourth Tfooke 
 
 A Y meaning was here to haue inferted all the Speaches,Emblcmes, 
 'iVi.jD e ui(fs 3 Pofies,and other Complements, vied in all Challenges 6c 
 other publique exercifes of Armcs lince her Maiefties Raigne: but 
 for want of obferuation, or rather lacke of fome fufficient man to haue 
 fet them prefently downe,thofe things cannot be recoucred. Henceforth 
 that deled is like to beefupplied by the dextrous hand of Mailer IV. 
 Sc agar , (now called Scmerfet ) one of her Maiefties Herehaults , a 
 Gentleman both learned and languaged,and therewith alfo by his own 
 hand able to exprefle in demonftration, with great art and excellencie. 
 Whofemindcis wholliebenttoher Maiefties feruicc, and the honour 
 of her Court. 
 
 T he Ceremonies apperteining to the de liner te of 
 Tdnzgs at lufs and Turniments . 
 
 Cap. 12. 
 
 A T anie publique Triumph before the King, ic 
 feemeth the vfe hath heretofore been, that the 
 Prizes of beft defert fhould bee giuen by the 
 hand of the Queene, notwithftanding it were in the 
 Kings prefence: but firft a folempne proclamation to 
 be made by the Herehaults : to this effe6l ; 
 
 Q r " ,0 yes, Oyes. Be it tyiowen to all men by thefepre- 
 fents, that by the author itie of the moft high, mcjl ex- 
 cellent, and moft puiffant Prince H. by the grace of God 
 King c/England,France,W Ireland, & c.That oftbefe 
 which haue Iujledon the Challengers fide A.B .hath defer - 
 usd the Prige, and to him let the fame be giuen as due, by 
 the cenfure of the Queene, with the ajjent of her Ladies, 
 Gentlewomen, and all others of her Hi fines Court heere 
 prefent. 
 
 Likewife on the partie of Defenders C.D. hath Iufled 
 well, E.F. better, but G.H. beft of all: vnto wheme the 
 Prige is iudged, by the moft mightic , mofl excellent, and 
 yertuous Princeffe,with confent afcreftid. 
 
 This 
 
of Honor and zjfrrnes. 103 
 
 This was the forme ofdcliucring the Prizes; at themoft noble and 
 triumphant lufts performed by Kino Henrie the eight and Trane tt rhe 
 Trench King,with their Nobilitie and Gentlemen of Armes,at theirin- 
 terviewe i nPtcardie: where the Proclamation in forme aforefaid was 
 pronounced in E nglijh and Trench , which by fauour of Alaiter Garter 
 1 haue fecne recorded. 
 
 I T feemeth in elder times, the vfe was that the 
 Prince did giuea letter of: attefhtion to fiich per- 
 fons as wan anie Prize, either in Combat for life 
 or Honor : for my felfe haue read fuch a one granted 
 by a King of France vnto an Italian Gcntl. in thefe 
 words following ; wherevnto (as it feemeth) was ad- 
 ded a great and honorable Ceremonie. 
 
 N O I F ilippo^er- gratia didto Re di Franza, See. notifehiammo a 
 tutti coloro , a quail peruerr anno queflenoflre httere, et che lo ha- 
 ranno a grad.o et in piacere, e generalmente a Imperadori , Re, Du- 
 chi, Marchef, Conti, Prmcipi, Nobtli, C aualieri e G entilhuomtni,come 
 hauendo not celebrato le no fire fefle a honore, a laude, pf a gloria dt no- 
 flro Signor dio, ad honore di tutti i C aualieri che fono £ enuti a com- 
 
 battere a tutto tranfito inquefto honor ato paffo di armt : ‘vogltamo che 
 fano riconofciutt colors che Ji far anno $ alor c f ament e port at i, fent^a effer 
 mai Ssmu pure ‘x>na bolta, pot che ji debbe dar /' honore a chi merita, (f 
 ch'efen^a menda. Pero perquejle ordoniammo , commandiammo , e fen- 
 tent lammo, che a gloria, a honore, a laude, & a fama , delegregto , e §ir- 
 tuofo Cauahere N. effo (ia pubheato in tutti quatro 1 cantom delle 
 
 sbarre, da t Re d J drmi ,Araldt PaJfuantt,con trombette, e fena- 
 tort, con confhimento noflro, (f dellt gtudict del campo, rapprefentanti Id. 
 perfona nofira t per lo mtgliore di tutti i C aualieri dc noflro regno. Et 
 commandiammo che fia poflc fopra cauallo tutto bianco, e che tutti 
 coloro che G/ fitruoueranno, coji donne, come huomini, Srengono con ejfb 
 not tutti a piedi, e fa fatta procefime getter ale: e.N Sr ad a fotto tlbaldac- 
 chmo fno alia chief a. Appref'o commandiammo pfj ordoniammo, che 
 Cpfcendo della chief, f'bada per tutte le hz.<.e sbarre, e.N. ne prenda 
 la p off f tone , e per 1 Re d’ Armi git fano date tutte le chiaui delle dette 
 ltHjZ.fi in fegno dt < bittoria Et ancora commandiammo , che fano celebra- 
 te fe fie che durtno qutndect giorni,a laude gloria del ‘hittoriofo N . E 
 pcrche etafeuno conofca la real Merita di quefo fatto, habbiamo fegnata 
 la prefente carta con color $ermiglio,c (uggellata col l noflro real fuggtllo. 
 Data nella noflra Citta di Parigi,*- 4 .<&.Luglio.,£^V. 
 
 Tie 
 
Thefourtb'Boo^e 
 
 The fame in Englijh. 
 
 P rltkp by the grace of God King of Fr.mce,($c. Be it knowen to all 
 men vnto whom thde letters (hall come, and toeuerie other perfon 
 that take delight or pleafure in Armes, and generally to all Empe- 
 ror;, Kings, Dukes, Marquifcs, Earles, Princes, JJarons, 5c other Gen- 
 tlemen, that wee haue celebrated a (olempne Triumph, to the honour, 
 prailc.and glorie of God,and the commendation of fuch as did fight in 
 this honourable aftion of Armes. And being defirous, that they who 
 haue valorouflie performed their parts without rccciuing blame or difi 
 grace, fliould beknowen : to the end honour may begiuento eucrie 
 one according to his merit. Therefore we haue hereby ordeined, com- 
 maunded and iudged, for the eueilafting honour, praife, and glorie of 
 the excellent and vertuous Gentleman N . his name flialbe proclaimed 
 ineuerieof the foure corners of the Lifts or place of Jufts, by the King 
 of Armes, the HerehaultsandPurfiuants with our allowance, and by 
 thcccnfureoftheludgesofthc field, reprefenting our perfon : letting 
 all men thereby to knowc, that the faid. N. is the moll excellent and 
 moft vertuous Gentleman of Armes inall ourkingdome. Wemoreo- 
 uer commaund, that he fliall be mounted vpon a white horfe,and that 
 cuery perlon prelent, afwcll women as men fliall with vs follow him in 
 Proccflion on f ote : 5c that the (aid. N. fliall ride vnder a Canopic vn- 
 to the Church. Wee likewife ordaineand commaund that in rcturne 
 from the Church, we fliall pafle through the placeof lulls, and there 
 thefaid . N.to take poftelsion, and the keyes of the faid l ifts to be deli- 
 ueredhimby the King of Armesin figneof vidoric. Laftly, wecom- 
 maund, that the celebration of the lead fliall continue the (pace of xv. 
 dayes, to the commendation and glory of the victorious. A. And in 
 witnes of the very troth in this matter, we haue figned thefe letters with 
 red inke, and thereunto haue fet our Royall dale. Dated in our Citie 
 of thc4.of!uly,5cc. 
 
 W hat the vfe at this time in like cafes is, may ap- 
 peare by the Prizes alorefaide bellowed by her Ma- 
 iehie. 
 
 THE 
 
I 
 
 THE FIFT 
 
 BOOKE. 
 
 Of *tohat qualitie a Gentleman pr of e (png 
 oArmes ought to be. 
 
 Cap. i. 
 
 |Y confidcration of things contei- 
 jncd inthefc bookes, a Gentleman 
 may bee enformed what are the 
 true caufes of quarrell or offence 
 ;vntb Honor; what, repulfes are 
 f due vnto Iniuries of all forts ; what 
 iudgementisto begiuenvpon accidents in the exer- 
 cifes of Armes. W hereunto wee added fome parti- 
 cular examples of certeine Combats for life perfor- 
 med by perfons of honor within this land : and like- 
 wife haue noted the actions molt glorious in Tri- 
 umphs brought before the Princes of this realmc. 
 Andforfomuchas thefe actions of Armes (chieflie 
 on horfebacke)are,and euer haue been vfed of noble 
 perfonages and Gentlemen of the belt fort, whom 
 the Romanes in their florilhing time by a generall 
 terme called Equites i and are prefentlie both of the 7- 
 talians and Spaniards named Cauallieri , without re- 
 fpeft to priuate dignitie or other diftinction : wee 
 
 O will 
 
z The fiftTooke 
 
 will therefore for this time (yet with refped to each 
 mans title) aduenture to englifh the word Eques, a 
 Gentleman that profeffeth Honor, Vertue 8c Armes, 
 or any of them, particularly reciting with what con- 
 dition and qualities he fhould bee endued : which in 
 briefeare thefe. 
 
 1 Firff ,he ought be of good conft itution in bodie, 
 and conuenienc ffrength to fuffer traucll, and per- 
 forme the adions apperteining to a man of Armes. 
 
 2 Secondly ,he fhould be well fauoured of face and 
 comclie : for commonhe GOD and Nature giueth 
 beautietofuch perfons as are deffined to command, 
 and from others borne toobaythey hauewithhol- 
 denthat fauour. Which mooued fome writers to 
 affirme, that the pnneelie prefence of Priamus did 
 fhewe him to bee wonhie of gouernment and com- 
 mand other men. 
 
 3 Thirdly, he fhould be of bold afped,rather incli- 
 ned to feueritie than foftneffe : which countenance 
 the Srviffes and Turk.es doo much affed. 
 
 4 Fourthly, he muff be fober and difcreet > not in- 
 clined to vaine delights or effeminate pleafures. 
 
 j Fiftlie,that he be obedient.For of obedience pro- 
 ceeded! that the meaner are content to bee comman- 
 ded by the better , and the ignorant by thofe that 
 know. This vertue was greatlie imbraced of the Ro- 
 manes, and occafioned their often vi dories : and at 
 this day is well obferued among the Turkes. And of 
 thepunifhment for difobedience towards the mili- 
 tarie Magiflrates,the Romanes haue left two moff no- 
 table examples > the one of Manlius Torquatus , who 
 caufed his owne fonne for that fault to be flaine,not- 
 
 withflandincr 
 
 O 
 
of Honor and rmes. 3 
 
 withftanding he had vanquifhed the enemie. Theo- 
 ther of Papirius the Di£tator,w-ho for the likeoffence 
 was punched by Fabius Rntilius Generali of the horf- 
 men in the Romane Armie. 
 
 6 Sixtly,hc ought bee vigilant and patient: for in 
 theoneconfifteth the execution of warlike a&ions: 
 by the other all trauailcs, paines, and mifforttmes are 
 indured. 
 
 7 Seuenthly,he mull be faithfull and loyally which 
 qualitie is required in all forts of fubiettsjbut chiefly 
 in Soldiers, for thereupon dependeth his Princes fe- 
 curitie and ftatealfo : which mooued Vigetius to fay 
 that the fafetie of a Prince confifted in well choofing 
 his Soldiers. W hich is the caufc that men profefsing 
 Armes,doo commonlie fwcare by the faith of a Sol- 
 dier : the French man, a foy de Soldat : the Italian , a fe 
 diSoldatog&c. YeatheKings of France do common- 
 lie vfe this phrafe, a foy de garni home : a foy du chiua- 
 lier. 
 
 8 Eightly, he ought bee conftant and refolute ; be- 
 caufe refolution makethal difficulties eafie,and con- 
 ftancie or perfeuerance bnngeth perfe&ion in that 
 heprofefleth. 
 
 p Ninthly, tliathee fhould bee charitablc,becaufe 
 warres are not taken in hand for thedeftru&ionof 
 Countries and townes, but the defence of the la wes 
 and people. 
 
 Laftly, that he fhould be fortunate, fith Fortune is 
 the Ladie of Armies, becaufe fhe fheweth her vertue 
 in nothing more,than in the aduenturcs of warre. 
 
 
 O 2 
 
 4F 
 
 Of 
 
+ 
 
 The fiftPooke ; 
 
 Of Knighthood. 
 
 Cap. 2. 
 
 F Orfomuch as in thefe former bopkes wee hauc 
 difcourfcd the poynts of Honor, and in what 
 fort the exercifes of Armes hatte been vfed in 
 England-, it fhall not be amide but rather neceflarie to 
 fpeake of Knighthood; which dignitie was at the 
 beginning giuen chieflie for feruice in Armes and 
 valiant enterprifes.Our meaning therefore is, to exa- 
 mine the originall occafion of the name of Knight, 
 and how many orders and degrees of Knighthood 
 there are or hauc been in Chriftendome. For perfor- 
 mance whereof, it behouethtoknowethat the Ro- 
 manes (among whom Martiall Difcipline was firft 
 knowne, and names giuen to men for valerous me- 
 rite)diuided their people into Patritij and Plebei. Af- 
 ter that time,another diuifio was made, a s,Senateres 3 
 Ecjuites and plebs. As the French haue at this day Les 
 nobles & la populaire, orgentils homes & villains. And 
 wee in England diuidc our men into foure forts, Gen - 
 tdmen,Citi^ens } T eomcn i ^Artificers and Labourers. Of 
 Gentlemen, the firft and principall y the King, the 
 Prince, Diikes, Marquifes, Earles, Viconts, and Ba- 
 rons. Thefe are the Nobilitie, and be called Lords or 
 Noblemen . Next to thefe bee Knights,Efquires,and 
 fimple Gentlemen : which laft number may be called 
 Nobditas minor : for they in Parliament'haueno place 
 among the Lords. Therefore the Barons or degree 
 of Lords doo refemble the dignitie of Senators in 
 Lome, and the title of our Nobilitie is like vnto the 
 
 patritfi 
 
of Honor and (tArmes. 5 
 
 pdtritij /when the Patritt ) did tignifieSeudtorcs aut Se~ 
 natorum fily. But that degree which we doo now call 
 Knighthood, ismoft like vnto the tide in Rome na- 
 med Equeflris ordo: yet other opinions there are both 
 of the beginning and name of Knight,as wel among 
 the Italians as the Spaniards. But howfoeuer it was, 
 moft certeine it feemeth,that vntil Equeflris ordo was 
 erected in Rome, there was no fuch degree of men as 
 we call Knights, neither was that name giuen with 
 fuch ceremonie andfhewe of dignitie, aslincehath 
 been vfed. Y et fomc there are that faile not to affirme 
 that Knighthood had the originall from Romulus, in 
 this fort. 
 
 That King hauing fetled his Gouernment in 
 Rome i partlie for fecuritie,&: partlie for magnificence 
 erected three Bands of Horfemen, the firfl called Ro- 
 mence after his owne name,the next Titieuce, after Ti- 
 to Tatio^nd the third Luceria , whereof only I thinke 
 Liuie maketh mention. Hereupon they will inferre 
 that Knighthood begun vnder Romulus. 
 
 The Spaniards doo hold opinion, that when faith 
 and plaine dealing decaied,thofe men that made pro- 
 fefsion of warre,euerie thoufand did choofe but one 
 man whom they thought to bee of greateft wife- 
 dome, courage and curtefie among the reft. That be- 
 ing done, they made choifeoffuchanhorfeas was 
 reputed to excell the reft for beautie, force, and other 
 perfections, and forthwith gaue that beaft vnto that 
 man whom they had chofen, as though their inten- 
 tion were to conioyne that fingular beaft vnto that 
 notable man,naming him Cauahero^hich fignifieth 
 Horfeman, though we improperly englilh it Knight. 
 
 O 3 Thus 
 
6 ThefiftTiooke 
 
 Thus much is faid in generall concerning Gentle- 
 men that make profefsionofArmes, whom the Ro- 
 manes (as it feemeth) fometimes called Milites , and 
 fome other times Emites. The Italians and Spaniards 
 Caualieri: the French 3 Cheualiers. But in our language 
 (as is now vfed) none are called Knights, but onelie 
 they that haue that title giuen by the Prince, or his 
 Lieutenant, with a ceremonie thereunto belonging. , 
 And of Knights made according to the vfe of Eng. 
 /W,arediuers degrees : as fhall hereafter be declared. 
 
 The original! of Knighthood giuen as dignitie y 
 and tvhat Princes haue authorise to make 
 Knights. 
 
 Cap. 3. 
 
 I T is affirmed by fome writers,that Alexander the 
 great, with the aduife of his learned tutor *dri- 
 Jlvtle , refolued to beftowevppon fuchperfonsas 
 had done any notable fcruice in the warre, fome ho- 
 nor and degree, m token of exfraordinarie vertue and 
 notable merite : and therefore gaue vnto fome Bad- 
 ges, to fome Cheines, to fome Priuileges,and other 
 fuch like demonllrations of honor. 
 
 The Romane Emperours in like manner, fome- 
 times before the beginning of a feruice, and fome- 
 times after, bellowed not onlie commendation, but 
 alfo dignities on thofe whofe vertue they thought fo 
 worthie : as Crownets of Bayes, of Gold, of Myrtill, 
 or fome other thing, as was thought fit to the giuers. 
 They gaue alfoHorfes, Swords, Armours, arming 
 
 Garments, 
 
of Honor and dArmes. 7 
 
 Garments ,Sc fiich like : and they that receiued them, 
 in token of Honor kept them carefullie in perpetual! 
 memorie of their owne valour,and the honor of that 
 Prince who gaue them. By this meane alfo they be- 
 came much admired and efteemed of all other Sol- 
 diers. 
 
 Afterwards,for more incouragement of vertuous 
 minds, other Princes thought mcete that the memo- 
 rable a&s of Soldiers fhould be in perpetual memorie 
 written, and fuch Priuileges as weregiuen, to bee re- 
 corded, calling them in thofe writings valiant men, 
 companions in Armes , vi&orious Soldiers and 
 Kmghts.W hich manner of proceeding didanimate 
 the men of warr no leffe,than the great pourtraitures 
 which the old Romanes were wont to make for thofe 
 that had performed egregious atts. 
 
 Touching the making of Knights, we fay,that e- 
 uerie Prince foueraine hath power to giuethatdig- 
 nitie to what perfonit pleafeth him, as well in peace 
 as warre. But here is to be noted, that the Knights 
 made,are of more or lefle reputation, according to 
 the qualitie of that Prince that maketh them ; for he 
 that is made Knight by a King,fhall bee preferred be- 
 fore a Knight made by a Prince of meaner title. 
 W hercforc to conclude, wee fay,that an Emperour, 
 Kings, Dukes,and other Princes> acknowledging no 
 fuperiour, may make Knights ; and fo may Com- 
 mon weales, as the Venetian and Genoa, States. The 
 Popes alfo dootakevppon them to make Knights 
 for monie, calling them commonlic after their owne 
 names : Cauallieri di San Petro , San Paulo } Giuliani , 
 PijJ&c. 
 
 The 
 
8 The fift'Boofy 
 
 The manner of making Knight s* about they ere 
 of our Lord.10 20. 
 
 C a p. 4. 
 
 I N that age , a Prince determining to make a 
 Knight, caufed a high Scaffold to bee built in fome 
 Cathedrall Church of his kingdome,or other fpa- 
 cious place neere vnto it. Thccher the Gentleman 
 was brought to receiue that honor. Being come, he 
 was foorthwith let vpon a Chaire of bluer couered 
 with greene hike. Then was demanded of him, if he 
 were healthie in bodic , and able to endure the exercifes re- 
 quired in a Soldier . Alfo, whether he were a man of ho - 
 tiefl conuerfation, and what witnefes worthie creditche 
 could produce to anfwerefor him. This being done,the 
 Bilhop or chiefe officer of that Church tooke the 
 Bible, and holding it open before the newc Knight, 
 in the prefence of the King and all others, fpake thefe 
 words, faying.iS’/VyyoM that defire to receiue the order of 
 Knighthood, Jweare before God and by this holie Bible, 
 that ye ft all neuer fight againflthis mightie and excellent 
 Prince that befloweth the order of Knighthood vpon you, 
 vnleffeye frail be occafioned fotodoo in the feruice of your 
 oxene King and naturall Prince: for in that cafe (hauing 
 firfl yeelded vp the Coder, deuife , and other Enfignes of 
 Honor now receiued ) it frail bee lawfull for you to feme a- 
 gainfl him, without reproach or offence to all other com • 
 panions in ^irmes : but other wife dooing you frail in - 
 cur re infamie , and being taken in war re, frail bee fubie6l to 
 the paines of death. Ye lhallalfo fweare, withallyour 
 force & power to mainteincand defend al Ladies, Gentle- 
 women, 
 
of Honor and aJfrmes. 9 
 
 women, Orfants , widow es, women difire fjed and aban- 
 doned . The like ye mujl doo for wines being defined, and 
 fhunneno aduenture of your perfon in eueriegoodwarre 
 wherein ye happen to be. 
 
 This oath taken, two of the chiefe Lords led him 
 vnto the King,who prefentlie drew forth his Sword 
 and laied the fame vpon his head, and faid : God and 
 S. George (or what other Sainfts the King pleafed to 
 name) make thee agood Knight. 
 
 Then came vnto the Knight feuen noble maidens 
 attired in white, and girt his Sword vnto his fide. 
 
 That being done, foure Knights of the moll: ho- 
 norable in that prefence put on his Spurres. 
 
 Thefe ceremonies part, the Queene tooke him by 
 the right arme, andaDutchcfie by the left, and led 
 him vnto a rich fcate made on high, and thereupon 
 fet him: the King fitting do wne on the one hand, and 
 die Queene on the other. 
 
 After the King and Queene were thus fet, and the 
 newe Knight betweene them,al there!! of the Lords 
 and Ladies fet them do wne alfo vppon other feates 
 prepared for them, three diffents vnder the Kings 
 feate. 
 
 EuerieLord and Ladie being in this fort placed, 
 thetherwas brought a folemne Collation or Ban- 
 quet of delicate meates , whereof the Knight, the 
 King, the Queene, and the whole companie did eate. 
 And fo the Ceremonie ended. 
 
 P 
 
 The 
 
io Tbefift'Bookg 
 
 The order of degrading of Knights in thofe 
 dates m 
 
 Cap. 5. 
 
 I F any Knighc had in that time been corrupted 
 with monie by his Princes enemie, or committed 
 any other notable fault againft loyaltie and honor, 
 the other Knights forthwith made humble fuite vn- 
 ro the King that he might beepunifhed. Which re- 
 qucft being granted, they apprehended the offender, 
 and caufed him to bee armed from head to foote, in 
 fuch fort as if he fhoula go to the field. W hich done, 
 they led him vp to an high lfage made in a Church 
 for that purpofe, where were thirteene Prieftcs fay- 
 ing thofe praiers ordinarily vfed at Burials,as though 
 that Knight had lien dead at their fecte. At the end 
 ofeuericPfalmethey tooke from him one peeceof 
 his Armour. Firft, they tcoke off his Helmet as that 
 which defended his tr ait erous eyes , then his Gauntlet on 
 the fight fide as that which coucred a corrupt hand : then 
 the Gauntlet of the left hand, as from a member con fen- 
 tug. And fo by peecemeale d ifpoyled him of all his 
 Armes, as well offcnfiue as deienfiue, which one af- 
 ter another were throwne to the ground rand at the 
 infant when euery part of Armour was caff do wne, 
 the King of Armes firiKand after him all the other 
 Hcrehaults cried aloud, faying : This is the Helmet of 
 a dijloyall and mifcreant Knight. Then was brought 
 thether a Bafon of gold or filuer full of warme water: 
 which being holden vp, the Herehaults with a loud 
 voyce, fay ditvhat is this Knights name f’ThePurfe- 
 
 uants 
 
of Honor and <*J[ rmes. n 
 
 uants anfwered that which in trueth- was his name. 
 Then the King of Armes fayd. That is not trueforhe 
 is a mifcreant andfalfc traitor , and fitch a one as hath 
 broken the ordinance of Knighthood. Thereunto anfwe- 
 red the Chaplins.Zef vsgiue him his right name. Then 
 fpake the Trompets. what Shall be done with him ? To 
 which words the King anfwered: Let him bee with 
 dishonor and Shame baniShed my kjngdcme } as a yile and in- 
 famous man that hath done ojjence aoainjl the honor of 
 Kniohthood.W hen the King; had fo faid.the King of 
 Armes and other Herehaults caft the warme water 
 on the difgraded Knights face ( as though he were a 
 new baptized^ faying : Henceforth thou Shalt be called 
 by thy right name Traitor. Then the King together 
 withtwelue other Knights put vppon them mour- 
 ning garments declaring forowe : andcommingvn- 
 to the Knightdifgraded put him downe the ftage, 
 not by the ftaiers he mounted vp,when he was made 
 Knight, but threwc him downe tyed vnto a rope. 
 Then with great ignomie he was brought vnto the 
 Altar, and there laied groueling ontheground, and 
 oner him was read a Pfalme full of curfes. 
 
 Thefe were the Ceremonies vfed at the degradatib 
 of Knights in the time of Sir Triftram , Sir Lancelot , 
 and other famous Knights, who were(no doubt)men 
 very valiant in Armes : but by meanes of writers that 
 haue added vnto their afls many vntruths, their pro- 
 weffe and enterprifes are holden as fables. 
 
n 
 
 Thefift^Boo^e 
 
 Hole many orders and degrees of Knighthood 
 haue been : and of them hole many yet ex- 
 tant. 
 
 Cap. 6 . 
 
 1 “THefirft and mort noble order, both forantiqui- 
 Jt tic and honoris that of the G RT ER. 
 
 2 The next to it is that of the TO SO N. 
 
 5 The third is that of S. MICHAEL. 
 
 4 The fourth is that of the NVNTl^T^A. 
 
 5 There is alfo one newe order of Knighthood in 
 Erancejz ailed the Order ois.ES PRIT: whereof I 
 am not fullie enformed. 
 
 All thcfe Knights be called Knights of the Coder, in 
 figne they excell others in Honor and reputation : 
 as thofe Orders whereinto Empcrours, Kings and 
 Princes doo enter. 
 
 Next to thefe in dignitie,are 
 
 1 The Knights of the 
 
 2 The Knights of SA ^4 GO. 
 
 3 The Knights of C^£L^ 4 TR^ 4 V % A. 
 
 4 The Knights of ^4 LC NT R^E. 
 
 5 The Knights olMONTESlO. 
 
 6 The Knights of R E D E M P T I O N. 
 
 7 The Knights oiM^ALT^A. 
 
 8 The Knights TEVTON 1 CI. 
 
 The 
 
of Honor and <?yfrmes . 13 
 
 The third Toitof Knights, arc 
 
 1 The Knights of the SEPVLCH J£R. 
 
 2 The Knights of S % A\NJ’ X A Msl RTA. 
 
 I The Knights of S. L *AZ«ARO. 
 
 4 The Knights of s. STEFFI No. 
 
 Thefemaybee called rather Knights of Supcrfli- 
 tion,than perfons of Honor. 
 
 Among thefe, wee make no mention of Knights 
 of the Round T able : neither haue wee fee downe the 
 Knights of ^Amadis de Guide, nor of Orlando Furicfo: 
 Yetdoo I fuppofc fomepart of thofe ftories to bee 
 matters of trueth, although writers haue added vnto 
 them things incredible. By which mcanethe hiffo- 
 ries themfelues are holen fabulous. 
 
 W ee haue not here fpoken of the Knights of the 
 Surrey nor of them which were called Knights of 
 thzSpurre: which Orders are extind, or not regar- 
 ded. The Knights Tempters were alto long iince 
 cleerelie fupprdled. 
 
c Thefift c Booke 
 
 Of the Order of the Garter. 
 
 Cap. 7. 
 
 
 E D W A R D the third King of England ,after he 
 had obtcined many great vi&ories,(KingMw 
 of France, King lames of Scotland, being both 
 prifoncrs in the Tower of London at one time, and 
 King Henrie of Caflile the baftard cxpulfed, and Don 
 Pedro reftored by the Prince of wales) didfirlt ere£fc 
 this Order inhisKingdome^ww 1 3 50. vpponno 
 '/ " ’’ weightie 
 
of Honor and <iArme$. 15 
 
 weightie occafionfas is reported). Notwithftading, 
 the fame island long hath been in fo great honor, as 
 Emperours,Kings and Princes haue defired to bee of 
 that companie,accompting it great Honor. 
 
 The number of this Colledge or fellowihip is 26 . 
 Knights,and when any of them dye, another is cho • 
 fen by confent of the companie. 
 
 The Soueraine of the Order is the King of Eng- 
 land^ heires and fuccefTors. 
 
 HP He habit of thefe Knights 
 - 1 isaKirtle,Gowne,Cloak, 
 Chapperon, Coller, whereat 
 hageth the image of S. George. 
 Alfo a Garter richliefurnifhcd 
 with gold and precious Hones, 
 wherevpo thefe French words 
 are written : Hony foyt qui maly 
 pence. Which may bee thus in 
 Englifh : EuiU come to him, that 
 euill thinkyth. 
 
 This Order was dedicated to S. George, as the Ad- 
 uocate of thofe Knights. 
 
 The cuftome was long,that thefe Knights yeerely 
 held a feaft at the Caftle of winfor , where is alfo the 
 Church founded by the fame King Edward, who 
 like wife gaue great Hipends to certeine Prieftes to 
 ferue there. 
 
 It is not commonlic knowne what was theocca- 
 fion that mooued the King to make this Order : but 
 thus haue I heard itvulgarlie reported. That King 
 
 Edward 
 
i6 The fift^Boo^e 
 
 Edward dauncing with the Queene and other Ladies 
 of his Court, tooke vp a Garter that happened to fall 
 from one of them : whereat fomc of the Lords fmi- 
 ling,the King faid vnto them, that or it were long he 
 would make that Garter to bee of high reputation. 
 Vpon this ground(it is fayd) the Order tooke begin- 
 ning. 
 
 Euerieyeare all the Knights on the feail day ofS\ 
 George, are bound to refort vnto Wind for, or fuch o- 
 ther place as by theSoueraine fhall be appoynted. 
 
 The principall Officers appertcining to this moil: 
 honorable Order 3 are thefe. The Prelate. The Chan- 
 cellor. The Regiiler. The King of Armes named 
 Garter : and the Viher called the Blache Rod. W hich 
 places are prefentlie furniihed with thefe perfons. 
 yil. 
 
 Doctor Cooper Bifhop of Winchftcr } Prelate. 
 
 Matter Iohn wolly Efquire, one of her Maieities 
 priuie Counfell,Chauncellor. 
 
 Doftor Day Deane of ^«/or 3 Regifter. 
 
 Mailer w.Dcthicke chiefe King of Arm es, Garter. 
 
 Mailer william Norris Efquire, Viher. 
 
 The Statutes of this great Order are remaining 
 with the fayd Mailer Garter, a Gentleman verieilu- 
 dious in his facultie,and careful] to preferue the Re- 
 cords belonging vnto the Nobilitie ofE»g£*W.From 
 him I receiued the names of thefe Knights of the 
 firil inilitution of the G R T E R , which I found 
 in an auncient booke of his written in the French 
 tongue. 
 
 The 
 
of Honor and <±Ar me s. 17 
 
 The firfl Knights of 
 
 the Order, 
 
 King Efifo<WSoueraine. 
 
 The Prince of wales his 
 fonne. 
 
 The Duke of Lancafler. 
 
 The Earle of Warwick?. 
 
 The Capteine de Buch. 
 
 The Earle of Stafford. 
 
 The Earle of Salisburie. 
 
 The Lord Mortimer. 
 
 Sir Iohn Lijle. 
 
 Sir Barth olmeiv de Bour- 
 chefh. 
 
 Sir John Bervchamp. 
 
 The Lord of Mahun. 
 
 Sir Hu£i Courtney. 
 
 Sir Thomas de Holland. 
 
 Sir Iohn de Grey. 
 
 Sir Richard Fit>fmond. j 
 Sir Miles Stapleton. 
 
 Sir Thomas Walk. 
 
 Sit Hugh Wovtejley, 
 
 Sir Ned Lorim. 
 
 c> 
 
 Sir Iohn chandos. 
 
 Sir lames JDandely. 
 
 Sir de Holany. 
 
 O 
 
 Sir Henrie Erne. 
 
 Sir Fauchetde Vrichcourt. 
 Sir Walter Pauelly. 
 
 CL The 
 
i8 Tbefft'Booke 
 
 The names of thofe that are prefentlie of 
 the famemoft noble Order . 
 
 The Quee ne of England Soueraine. 
 
 The King of Spaine. 
 
 The Duke Cafemirus. 
 
 The Vice Conte Mont acute ^ 
 
 The Earle otshrevsburielEade Marlhall of England. 
 The Lord of Bonfdon i Lotd Chamberlein. 
 
 The Earle of Warwick?. 
 
 The Earle of Hontingdon . 
 
 The Lord Bourleigh 3 Lozd Threafurer of England 
 The Lord Grey. 
 
 The Earle of Barbie. 
 
 The Earle of Pembrooke. 
 
 The L.Boward of Effingham , L. Admirall of England 
 The Lord Cobham. 
 
 The Lord Scroope. 
 
 The Earle of Effix. 
 
 The Earle of Ormond. 
 
 Sir chriflopher Bat ton 3 Lord Chauneelor of England. 
 The Earle of Suffix. 
 
 The Lord Buchhurjh 
 
 Other 
 
of Honor and <zJ[ mes . ip 
 
 Other degrees of Knighthood m 
 England. 
 
 Cap. 8. 
 
 T Hrec other forts of Knights there are in Eng- 
 land: but bccaufe they weare no garment,badgc 
 or figne to fhewe the difference of their degree 
 from other Gentlemen,they are not noted or known 
 to If rangers for Knights. Y et among our fellies wee 
 kno we them right well : for eucrie man hauing that 
 dignitie is called Sir. As Sir Thomas } Sir Iobn y Sir mU 
 liamj&c. 
 
 But here is to be noted,that Knights are not borne, 
 but made, cither before a Battaile to encourage them 
 to aduenture their liues, or after the fight, as an ad- 
 uancement for their valour then fhewed : or out of 
 warre they are made for fome notable feruice done, 
 orfome good hope of venues that dooappearein 
 them. 
 
 Thefe Knights are made either by the King him- 
 felfe,orby his commifsion androyallauthoritiegi- 
 uen for that purpofe,or by his Liutcnant in the wars, 
 who hath his royall Sc abfolute power for that time. 
 And this order may be refembled to that which the 
 Romanes called Equites Romanos differing in a foit,but 
 in fome other fort doth agree with it : for feldome in 
 allpoynts one Common wealth doth agree with an 
 other,nor long any Stateaccordeth with it felfe.£<p- 
 tes Romani were chofen ex Cenfu> which is according 
 to their fubffance and riches : Euen fo be Knights in 
 England for the moff part, according to the yearcly re- 
 
 Q 2 uenew 
 
20 ( Thefift c Boof'e 
 
 uenew of their lands, being able to mainteine that c- 
 ttate: yet all they that had Ecjueftrem Cen/um 3 wcvc not 
 in Rome Equites : no more are all Knights in England 
 that may difpend a Knights land or fee, but they on- 
 lie to whom it plcafetb the King to giue that honor. 
 Income the number of Entires was vncerteine, and 
 fo is it of Knights in England at the pleafurc of the 
 Prince. 
 
 Equites Romani had Equum publicum foul the Knights 
 of England find horfesthemfelues both in peace and 
 warre. CenfusEquefler among the Romanes was at di- 
 ners times of diuers valewe : but in England , who fo 
 euer may difpend of his free lands fortie pounds ffar- 
 lingofyearely reuenew,by an old lawe, either at the 
 Coronation of theKmg,or mariageof his daughter, 
 or at the dubbing of the Prince,Knight,or fome fuch 
 great occafion, may bee by the King compelled to 
 take that order and honor, or to pay a fine: which 
 many rich men,not fo defirous of honor as of riches, 
 had rather disburfe.Somealfo who for good refpeffc 
 are not thought worthiethat title, and yet haueabili- 
 tie, neither bee made Knights though they would, 
 and yet pay the fine of fortie pounds ffarling, which 
 (as filuerisnowprifed)is no.pound currant monie. 
 Whetof this word Knight is deriued: or whether it 
 fignifieth no more but that which Miles doth in La- 
 tin,which is Soldier,I know not. Some hold opinio 
 that the word Soldier doth betoken a waged orhie- 
 red man tofighr. Cstfav in his Commentaries called 
 Soldier s 3 men deuoted and fworne by band or oath to 
 feme the Capteine: which order if the ayilmaines did 
 folio we, it may bee that they who were not hiered. 
 
of Honor and rmes . z\ 
 
 but being of the Nation vppon their owne charges 
 and for their aduancement, and by fuch common 
 oath and band that did followe the v/arre, were (per- 
 haps) caiied Knights or Milues : and now among the 
 ^ilrmines fome are called Lance-Knights, as Soldiers 
 nothiered, although they bee well neereallhiered. 
 Or it may bee that they which were next about the 
 Prince, as his Gard and feruancs, picked and choyfe 
 men out of the refl, bei ng called in the ^dlmaine tung 
 Ktiighten, which is as much to fay as Seruants : thefe 
 men being found of good feruice, the word after- 
 ward was taken for an Honor, 6c for a man that pro- 
 fefieth Armes. Now our language is fo altered, that 
 hard it were to giue j udgement thereof. But fure it is, 
 wee in ourEnglifh doo call him Knight, whom the 
 French doo call Cheualier, and the Latin Equitem, or 
 jE cjueftris onlinis. 
 
 Touching the making of thefe Englifh Knights: 
 the manner is this. Hee that is to be made Knight, is 
 ftriken by the Prince with a Sword drawne,vpon his 
 backe or fhoulder : the Prince faying, Soys cheualier , 
 and in times paft was added S. George. And when the 
 Knight rifeth, the Prince faith , ^4 nance. This is the 
 manner of dubbing Knights at this prefent : and that 
 terme dubbing was the old terme in this poynt, and 
 not creating.Thefe forts cf Knights,areby the Herc- 
 haul ts called Knights Batchelers. 
 
 Q.3 
 
 Of 
 
11 
 
 c Thefift'Booke 
 Of Knights of the Bath, 
 
 J^T the Coronation of a King or Queen e there are 
 made Knights of the Bath, with long and curious 
 Ceremomes,whercof I am not perfectly enformed. 
 
 Of Knights Bannerets. 
 
 ''J'Hefe Knights are made in the field onlie, with the 
 Ceremonie of cutting away the point of his Stan- 
 derd,and making it as it were a Banner : he being be- 
 fore a Batcheler Knight, (hall then become of greater 
 degree, allowed to difplay his Armes in a Banner, as 
 Barons do:and the wiues of all thefe three degrees of 
 Knights fhall be called Ladies,as Barons wiues are. 
 
of Honor and (tArmes. 23 
 
 The Order of the Tofon, and the original! 
 thereof. 
 
 Cap, 9, 
 
 T Hc number of Knights that were at the firft ad- 
 mitted into this Order was 31. who ought bee 
 of noble bloud, men of good merite, and with- 
 out reproach. 
 
 The chiefe or head of this companie, is he vnto 
 whom the fuccefsion of theDukedome of Burgondy 
 doth lawfullie difcend. 
 
 Who- 
 
2 \ 'Thefift'TS ooke 
 
 Whofoeuer cntereth into this Order, fhall re- 
 nounce all other Orders of Knighthood of eueric 
 Prince,Companie or Religion . Y et out of that lawc 
 are excepted all Emperours, Kings and Dukes, vnto 
 whom is difpenfed, that they may weare the Badge 
 of this Order, if they bee chiefeand Soueraines of 
 their ovvne Order. But to the end the truth may ap- 
 peare, a gene rail Counfell of Knights fhall bee called 
 to confent vnto thatdifpenfation. 
 
 The Soueraine of this Order, hath authoritie 
 himfelfe alone to giue and beftowe the Enfigneof 
 the Order '.which is aColler of gold, wherein are 
 the Armes of Burgondict hatting the Tofon of gold 
 hanging thereat. This Coller, the Soueraine and e- 
 uerieof the Knights is bound to weare daylic, and 
 failingthereoffhallincurreapenaltie. Butin timeof 
 warre or great affaires, to weare the Tvfon onlie fhall 
 fuffice. Or if by mifhap the Cheine doo breake, it is 
 lawfull for mending thereof it may be carried to the 
 Goldfmith. Or ifany Knight trauailing by the way 
 fhall doubt to be robbed, he may without offence lay 
 by or hide his Cheine. Yet is it not lawfull to en- 
 creafe the quantitie of the faid Cheine, nor adde 
 thereunto any other Rones or workmanfhip , and 
 moffofall it is vnlawfull to fell it, engage it, or ex- 
 change it. 
 
 Thefe and many other Statutes and ordinances 
 the Knights of this noble Order are fworne to ob- 
 ferueand keepe. And many of them haue been fith 
 thefirR inflitution enlarged, altered, or taken away 
 by the Soueraines of the faid Order. 
 
 The day cfaffemblie for thefe Knights/was at the 
 
of Honor and d/rtnes. 25 
 
 firlt inftitution appoynted on the fcaft of S. ^Andrew, 
 but fithence altered vnto the fecond of May, and that 
 but once in three yeares, vnlefTe it fhall pleafe the So- 
 ueraine other wife to command. 
 
 To this Order doo belong foure principall Offi- 
 cers.That is,a Chauncelor, a Threafurer, a llegifler, 
 a King of Atmes named Tofon el'oro. 
 
 The firft inuenter of the Imprefa belonging to the 
 Order of the T rfon , was Charles Duke of Burgcndie , 
 whofe great valour brought the French King Lewis 
 the xj. into much trouble and warre, as Monferdc 
 Urgent on writeth. 
 
 His Imprefa or deuife was an Inltrument made to 
 fir ike fire, with thefe words : ^Ante ferit, quam jiam- 
 mamicet. Meaning, he had power to kindle great 
 warre, as indeed he had. But his warres had vnhap- 
 pie euent. For hauing in hand a warre againft Lorayn 
 and the Swifies, after the defeate of Morat and Grau- 
 fon, he was vtterlie ouerthrowne and flaine before 
 Nanf, theeuenof the Epiphany. YV hcrevpon Renato 
 Duke of Lorayn being vi&orious, and feeing a Stan- 
 derd of Duke Charles } with the Imprefa of the Inftru- 
 ment offire,faid. Thatynhappie Prince when hce had 
 mofl neede to warme him , wanted lei fare to jlrike pre. 
 Which fpeach wasveriepithie ; and the more, for 
 that the earth was then coucred with Snowe, and 
 by reafon of the conflict full of bloud. At that time 
 was the greatefi: frofl and cold that any liuing man 
 could remember. 
 
 The T cfon whichthefe Knights doo wearc hang- 
 ing at their collers of the Order, is the forme of a gol- 
 den Fleece, expounded to bee like vnto the Fleece of 
 
 R gold 
 
i6 Thefift^ook^ 
 
 gold which la/on wonne at Cclchos. Others fnppofe 
 it to bee the Fleece of Gedcon , whereof is made men- 
 tion in holie Scripture : which fignifieth, Fidelitie or 
 Iuflice vncormpted. 
 
 The number ofthefe Knights was much encrea- 
 fed by the Emperour Charles the fift : who hauing in 
 hand the Dukedomeof Buroondie 3 e levied into that 
 Order perfons of greater qualitie than were at the 
 firft, and would haue that the elc&ion fhould bee by 
 confent.And after him King Phillip did thelike. 
 
 Here is to bee noted, that albeit Duke Charles did 
 inuent the Imp re/a : yet the Creation was begun af- 
 ter by Duke Phillip , fir named Le bo)i : at fuch time as 
 he called a generall aflemblie of the States at the Hage 
 in Holland. *Anno. 145 6. 
 
 The 
 
of Honor and <tA A mes. 
 
 The names of Knights in this 
 
 firft Creation . 
 
 Phillip Duke of BurgonddySoucninc. 
 fVillictm of Vienna, of 5\ George. 
 
 Rinieri Po^Lord of the Caftell. 
 
 The Lord of Rombaix. 
 
 The Lord Montacute. 
 
 Orland of Vquerque. 
 
 * Anthonie of Vergi,C onte oiLignij. 
 
 Hugh of Lanoij > Lord of S antes. 
 lohnJLovd of Cominges. 
 
 Anthonie of T cfc>g<w7.,Marfhall of Burgondit. 
 Peter of Lucimburg 3 Contc of Beureuie. 
 Gilbert of Lanoij 3 Lord of Villerual. 
 
 Ichn Villiers, Lord of ijleadam. 
 
 * Anthonie Lord of Croij and of Rend, 
 llorimonte of Brimeu 3 Lord of Mafiincurc . 
 Robert } Lovd of Mamimes. 
 lames oiBrimeu^otd oiGrigni. 
 
 Baldwin Lanoij 3 Lord of Mulambais. 
 
 Peter of Baufremont, Lord of Cargni. 
 
 Phillip } Lo\:doi Teruant. 
 
 Iohn of Orequi. 
 
 lohn of Croij Lord of Tuors,/uper Marne. 
 
 R 2 The 
 
z8 The fift Booke 
 
 The Knights elected into the Or- 
 
 derof Tofon, by Phillip King of Spaine 
 
 and Duke of Burgondie. 
 
 1 Phillip Duke of M'uftria, and King of Spaine, So- 
 ueraine of the Order. 
 
 2 Maximilian the Eraperour/econd of that name. 
 
 3 Don Beltramo della Cmw 3 Dukeof Mlburquecjue. 
 
 4 Don Inigo Lopes di Mendoza , Duke of Infant afgo. 
 
 5 Cofmo di Medici Duke of Florenceguid of Siena. 
 
 6 Don Emanuel FilibertfDukc of Sauoya. 
 
 7 The Admiral Conte of Egmont, Prince of Gaure. 
 
 8 Iohn of Ligni Conte of Mrumherghe, Baron of 
 Brahanfon. 
 
 p offauio Farnefe Duke of Parma and Piacenza. 
 
 10 Marco Mntomo Colonna 3 Duke of Palliano and 
 Baron of Rome. 
 
 1 1 Ferdinando Duke of Muflria. 
 
 12 Don Confaluo Fernandes of Cordoua , Duke of 
 Seffa and Ferranoua, Conte of Cahia. 
 
 ig Don Pedro Hernandes of Vela/co Duke Frius y 
 Coneftable of Cafliglia. 
 
 14 Don Fernando Mluares of Toledo Duke of \Alua. 
 
 15 M Ibert, Duke of Bauicra. 
 
 16 HenrieDukzoi Branfwiche Lunihurg. 
 
 17 Pietro Herne Flo Conte di Mansfelt . 
 
 1 8 Phillip de Oof/,Duke of M rfcot. 
 
 I p Charles Prince of Spaine. 
 
 20 Phillip Montmorancy Conte oi Horne. 
 
 21 William 
 
of Honor and <tA rmes. ip 
 
 2 1 william of NaJfaufPnncc of Orange, and Lord of 
 Breda. 
 
 22 Iohn Conte of ojlfaie. 
 
 2 5 Charles Baron of Barlemont , Lord of Perunet. 
 
 24 Charles of Brimen, Conte of Megen, Lord of Hu- 
 uercourt. 
 
 2 5 /o/wjMarquis of BergesfZonto. of Walhayn. 
 
 25 .Antonio Doria Marquis of SanSteffanofLotd of 
 Gierfa. 
 
 27 Don Francifco Fernandes d* ^Auolos, Marquis of 
 Pifcara. 
 
 28 S for ty S forty S. Fiore, Conte of S. 'Maria, of 
 Ke^Lord of Cajlello Arquato. 
 
 2 9 Phillip of Montmorancy Lord of ^Aricourt. 
 
 3 o william of Cruij Marqu is of Renty. 
 
 3 1 Florence of Montmorancy Lord of Montegnij. 
 
 32 Phillip Conte of Ligni, and of Faulquembergh. 
 
 3 3 Charles of Lanij Prince of Sulmona. 
 
 34 ^Anthony of Salaing Conte oiHoochflrat. 
 
 3 j Giouachino of Mehaufem great Chauncelor of 
 Boemia. 
 
 3 5 The Du ke of Medina Celi. 
 
 37 The Duke of Cordoua. 
 
 38 The King of Portugall when he comes to full 
 age. 
 
 R 3 
 
 Of 
 
3 ®< 
 
 Thefift'Bookg 
 
 Of the Order of S. Michael. 
 
 Cap. io. 
 
 N the yeare 14 69. Lems the xj then French King 
 eretted an Order of Knighthood, whereinto him- 
 felfe, with others the moft principall Peeres of 
 France did enter. 
 
 It is faidjtheoccafion which mooued the King to 
 intitle this Order with the name of S. Michael, was 
 the memorie ofan apparition of that Sainct vpon the 
 
 bridge 
 
of Honor and zAr me j *. 31 
 
 bridge of Orleance , when that Citie was afTailed by 
 the Englifo : at which time liued a certeine Maiden 
 called Ioane, a woman fo rare of wit and valiant in 
 Armes, as was reputed more than a mortall creature, 
 or rather fome Inchantrefleof finguler knowledge. 
 This I find written : but in that time of Superftition 
 eafie it was to induce the people to beleeue things in- 
 credible. 
 
 This Order is alfo ornefied with a great Coller, 
 whereat hangeth the Image of .S’. Michael. 
 
 The words apperteining thereunto are thefe : lm- 
 menfi tremor Oceani. 
 
 The Soueraine of this Order is the French King 
 and his fucceffors. 
 
 The number of Knights that ought bee admitted 
 into the faid Order is 35. But of late yeares that ordi- 
 nance hath beenbroken,and the number fo much in- 
 creafed, as thereby the Order is become of fmall re- 
 putation : yet is it thought that the Coller appertei- 
 ning vnto the faid Order is giuen onelie to the num- 
 ber aforefaid: although the Michael is bellowed on 
 many .But fure it is that the intent of that King was 
 to make choyfe onelie of the moll: noble perfonages 
 of his owne bloud,and of others who for vertue and 
 honor were holden worthie, as by the firft election 
 appeared : who were thefe. 
 
 The 
 
31 The fift'Booke 
 
 The firft Knights of the Order 
 
 of S. Michael. 
 
 Lewis the xj.Soueraine. 
 
 King Charles of Spaine Du kc of Vienna. 
 
 John Duke of Burbon and of ^Fusrgne. 
 
 Lewis of Lucimbur^Conte o£s.Paule,aad Concttable 
 of France . 
 
 Andrew di Lanai, Lord of LoheacfAxifoaW of France. 
 
 John Conte of Sanferre, Lord of Bneil 
 
 Lewis of Beaumont , Lord of the Forrett and of Plesfis 
 Mace. 
 
 John of TntuiUe Lord of Caftiglme. 
 
 ZomBaftard of Burbon, Conte of Rosjiglione Adrni- 
 rall of France. 
 
 Anthony of chiabanes , Conte of Dammartin, Grand 
 matter of the Kings houfe. 
 
 John 
 
 i 
 
of Honor and aArmes . 33 
 
 John Baftard of ^ irmignac , Conte of Continues , Mar- 
 fhall of France, and Goucrnour of the Delfnato. 
 
 George of Trimouille, Lord of Croon. 
 
 Gilbert of Gabones, Lord of Croton, Senefchall of 
 Vienna. 
 
 Lewis Lord of Oo/o/,Senefchall of Poilou. 
 
 Tanequi of Cajlello, Gouemour of the Prouince of 
 
 The reft of Knights to be chofen into this Order, 
 was deferred yn till. the next meeting. 
 
 The place of aflemblie of thefe Knights, 8c where 
 their Armes and other Enfignes of Knighthood 
 fhould be preferued,was appointed to be the Church 
 on Mount S. Michael. 
 
 Vnto this Order were appoynted a Threafurer, a 
 Chauncellor, a Regifter, and one Herehaulc named 
 Monfanmichade. , , 
 
 The Feaff ordeined for thefe Knights was on Mi- 
 chaelmas day yearely to be kept. 
 
 The Statutes apperteining vnto this honorable 
 Order, are to be feene in the booke,intituled,rta Or- 
 dinances of France. 
 
 S 
 
 Of 
 
54 . c Thefift c Booke 
 
 Of the Order called the Nuntiata. 
 
 Cap. ii. 
 
 T His Order was alfo about the fame time be- 
 gun by Amedeo Conte o t Sauoy, firnamed il 
 Verde, in niemoric of tAniedeo the firft Earle, 
 whohauingvalerouilie defended the Hand of Rho- 
 dy againfi the Turk.es, wanne thofe Armes, which de- 
 feruinglie is now borne by the Dukes of Sauoy a, 
 which is a white CrofTe in a field Gules. The Coller 
 
 appcrteining 
 
of Honor and <*jf) mes. 55 
 
 apperteining to this Order, is made ofgold,and on it 
 thefe foure letters ingraued, in this wife. F. F. R. T. 
 which fignifieth Fortitudo eius, Rhodum tcrnit. At the 
 faid Coller hangeth a Brooch, wherein is the figure 
 of our Ladieand the Angell Tent vnto her. 
 
 The Church appoynted for Ceremonies apper- 
 teining vnto this Order is called Pietro, , a Calfell 
 within the Diocefie of Belief, whereunto was giuen 
 at the foundation of this Order,certeine lands for the 
 fuftentation of fifteene Chaplins. 
 
 For continuance of this Order,at the time of the 
 conftitution were made many honorable ordinances 
 to be kept by the Knights prefentlie ele£ted,and after 
 to be elected : which are to bee found written in the 
 works of F rancifco Sanfouino. ■< 
 
 Thefe foure Orders aforefaid bee reputed mod 
 honorable 5 and are adorned with great Collcrs,in to- 
 ken that for hate and dignitie they cxcell the relt. 
 
 S 2 Knights 
 
3 <5 c Tbejift c Booke 
 
 Knights of the TSand. 
 
 Cap. 12. 
 
 T His Order was firft erected by *A\fonfo King 
 of Spaine, (onne to Ferdinando and Queene Con- 
 ftan^d in the yeare I258 . And to giue the fayd 
 Knighthood reputation 8c honor, the King himfelfe, 
 with his fonnes and brethren vouchfafed to enter 
 thereinto : with them were alfo admitted diuers o- 
 ther Gentlemen of bell qualitieand greatefteftima- 
 tion. 
 
 The caufe that mooued the King to name them 
 Knights of the Band, was, for that he commanded e- 
 uerie man elefted into the Order, fhould weare a cer- 
 teine red fcarffe or lace of hike the breadth of three 
 inches, which hung on their left fhoulder, and was 
 tyed vnder the right arme. 
 
 No man might enter into this Knighthood, but 
 fuch as the King did fpeciallie admit : neither was a- 
 nie perfon capable of thatdignitie, vnleffehewere 
 thefonneof a Knight, or fome Gentleman of great 
 accompt, or at the leaft fuch a one as had ferued the 
 King by the fpace of tenne yeares in his Court, orin 
 the warre again! 1 the Moores.. 
 
 .Into this Order no Gentleman could bee rcceiued 
 being an elder brother, or an heirc in pofTefsion or 
 apparance, but oneliefuch as were yongcr, without 
 land and liueload; becaufe the Kings intention was 
 to aduance the Gentlemen of his Court that had not 
 of their owne. 
 
 At fuch time as any Gentleman was admitted a 
 
 Knight, 
 
of Honor and rmes . 37 
 
 Knight, he promifed to obftrue thefe Articles follo- 
 wing, which I haue thought good particularlie to ex- 
 press*: the rather becaufe they tend onlie toenter- 
 teinc the minds of men in the offices of Courage and 
 Courtcfie, without any mixture of fuperflition, 
 whereof almoftal other Orders in thofe daies tailed. 
 
 Firll,that he Ihould fpeakevnto the King for the 
 commoditie of the Commonwealth &the defence 
 thereof,fo often as he were thereunto required. And 
 refilling fo to doo,{hall forfeit all his patrimonie, and 
 be banilhed his Countrie. 
 
 That he Ihould aboue all things Ipeakethe tmth 
 vnto the King, and at euerie occafion bee faithful! to 
 his Maiellie. 
 
 That he Ihould not be filent when fo euer any per- 
 fon Ihould fpeake againft the Kings honor : vppon 
 paine of being banilhed the Court, and depriuedof 
 his Band for euer. 
 
 That he Ihould bee no great fpeaker,andinfpea- 
 king to vtter the truth. But if he Ihould alfirme or fay 
 any vntruth, then for a punilhment to walkein the 
 llreetes without his fword for one whole moneth. 
 
 Thathe Ihould endeuour himfelfe to keepe com- 
 panie with wife men, and perfons experienced in the 
 warre.For being found to conucrfe with Marchants, 
 Artificers, orbafe people, he Ihould bee therefore 
 greatlie reprooued by the Great Mailer, and for one 
 moneth be commanded to keepe his houfe. 
 
 That he Ihould mainteine his owne word, and 
 faiihfullie keepe promife with his friends. And be- 
 ingfound tofioo otherwife,to be enioyned to walke 
 andgoe alone vnaccompanied of any other of the 
 
 S 3 Kings 
 
38 T'hefift'Boofte 
 
 Kings Court, and fhould not prefumc to fpeake or 
 come neere vnto any other Knight. 
 
 That he fhould alwaies hauegood Armour in his 
 Chamber, good horfes in his ftable,good Launces in 
 his Hall,and a good Sword by his fide : or otherwife 
 to be called Page and no Knight for one whole rao- 
 rieth. 
 
 That he fhould not bee feen mounted vppon any 
 Mule, or other vnfeemelie Hackney : neither walke 
 abroad without his Band, norenter into the Kings 
 Pallace without his Sword, nor eate alone at home, 
 vppon paine to forfeit for euerie fuch offence one 
 marke towards the mainteiningof the Tilt. 
 
 That he fhould bee no flatterer of the King or any 
 other perfon, neither take delight infeoffing, vpon 
 paine to walke on foote for one moneth,and be con- 
 fined to his houfc another moneth. 
 
 That he fhould not complaine of any hurt* nor 
 boafl: of his owne a£ts,nor in curing his wounds cnc 
 oh : for if in vaunting wife he vttcrcd any oftenta- 
 cious fpeach, he fhould bee reprooued by the great 
 Mafler,and let alone vnuifited of all his companions. 
 
 That he fhould bee no common gameftcr,chicflie 
 at the Dice,nor confent that others fhould play in his 
 houfe,vpon paine to forfeit for euerie fuch offence 
 onemonethspay, and for one moneth and halfe not 
 to be fecne in the Court. 
 
 That he lhould not in any fort lay topawne his 
 Armour or weapons, nor play away his garments : 
 vppon paine to bee imprifoned in his owne houfea 
 whole moneth, and for two moneths following to 
 go without the Band. 
 
 That 
 
of Honor and <t/fr me j *. 
 
 That he fhould be daylie apparelled in fine, cloath, 
 and on holie daies in filke : and on high Fcafis weare 
 gold in his garments if he pleafed , without being 
 compelled fo to doo. But if he did weare Buskins 
 vpon netherfiocks of cloath, the great Mafter fhould 
 take them from him, and giue them inalmcstothe 
 poore. 
 
 That in walking either in the Court or Citie, his 
 pace fhould not be fwift or haftie, vpon paine to bee 
 reproued of his fellowe Knights, and punifhed at the 
 great Mafters diferetion. 
 
 That he fhould not fpeake any thing vnfit or of- 
 fenfiuetohis fcllowes in Armes, vpon paine to askc 
 himforgiuenes, and to bee banifhed the Court for 
 three moneths. 
 
 That he fhould not commence or enter fuite of 
 lawe againft the daughter of any Knight, vpon paine 
 neuer to haue Ladie or Gentlewoman of the Court 
 to his miftris or wife. 
 
 That if he happened to meete with any Ladie or 
 Gentlewoman of the Court, he fhould foorthwith a- 
 light from his horfc and offer her hisferuice, vpon 
 paine to lofe one moneths wages and thefauourof 
 all Ladies.;;:. o. / 
 
 ' That, if any Ladie of Honor required feruice at 
 his hand, he refilling to doo ltfhauing power) fhould 
 be called for euer the difeourteous Knight. 
 
 That he fhould not eate alone, nor at any time feed 
 vpon groffe meates. 
 
 That he fhould not enter quarrell with any of his 
 fellowe Knights : or if any fuch difagreement did 
 happen, that he nor any other Knight fhould make 
 
 parti e. 
 
2J-0 'Thefift'Booke 
 
 partie, but by all good meanes feekc to reconcile 
 thera,vpon paine to pay a marke towards the charge 
 ofthe next luffs. 
 
 That if any man not being of this Order fhould 
 prefuine to weare the Band, that then he fhould bee 
 forced to fight with two Knights : but vanquifhing 
 them,fhould be alfo a Knight himfclfe: &c being van- 
 quifhed, fhould bee banilhed the Court, andneuer to 
 weare the Band. 
 
 That if at any luffs or T urnaments in the Court, a 
 Gentleman being not of the Order,fhould winhethe 
 prize, then the King was bound forthwith to make 
 him a Knight of the Band. 
 
 That if any Knight of the Band did offer to draw 
 his (word againft any of his fello wes • for fo dooing 
 fhould abfent himfelfe two moneths, and two other 
 moncths weare but halfe his Band. And if a Knight 
 did hurt his fellowe in Armes, he fhould be imprifo- 
 ned one halfe yeare, and the next halfe yeare be bani-, 
 fhed the Court. 
 
 That no Knight for any offence fhould beepuni-* 
 fhed or iudged, before he were brought to the King 
 and his pleafure fignified. 
 
 That he fhould bee euer furnifhed to atrend on the 
 King whenfoeuer he went to thewarre rand if any 
 battell were lfriken,then ought thefe Knights ioynt- 
 lie to giue the charge : and if in any fuch feruicea 
 Knight performed not his part, he fhould lofeone 
 yearespay, and one other yeare weare but halfe the 
 Band. 
 
 That no Knight fhould be inforced to feruein any 
 warre,faueonlie againft the Infidels. Or attending 
 
 on 
 
 
of Honor and mes. 41 
 
 on the King to any other warre to wcare no Band: 
 and if he ferued any other Prince in his warre, he 
 lhould lofe the Band. 
 
 That all the Knights fhould aflfemble three times a 
 ycaretoconlultvpon matters perteining to theOr- 
 der.The aflemblie was at fuch place as the King plea- 
 fed to appoynt, and there they awaited with their 
 Horfeand Armour ; the firft meeting was in Aprillj 
 the fecond in September,and the lall in Chrifhnas. 
 
 That all the Knights of this Order lhould fight at 
 the Turney at the leafhwifccuerieyeare, Iufifoure 
 times a yeare, play at die Canes fixe times ayeare, 
 and manage horfes eucrie weeke. And who fo failed 
 to performe all or any of thefe Knighdy excrcifes, 
 fhould attend on the King one moneth without a 
 Sword, and one other moneth without a Band. 
 
 That if the King did come to any citie or towne, 
 that then the Knights within eight daies after,lhould 
 prepare a place for the lulls and Turniaments : they 
 lhould alfo exercife a H other warlike weapons rand 
 if any Knight were negligent in thefe things, hee 
 lhould bee confined to his lodging, and weaic but 
 halfethe Band. 
 
 That no Knight might remaine in Court with- 
 out a Miftris, with intent to marrie her, and not dif- 
 honor her : and whenfoeuer fhe pleafed to walke,he 
 was to attend on heron foote or horfebacke, to doo 
 her all honor and feruice. 
 
 That if any lulls were holden within ten mile 
 of the Courr,euerie Knight to bee there, vnder paine 
 to go without his Sword for one moneth, and with- 
 out his Band another moneth. 
 
 T 
 
 That 
 
A c z The fift Hooke 
 
 That if any of thefe Knights were married with- 
 in twentic miles of the Court, all the reft fhould ac- 
 companie him to the King to receiue a gift,and from 
 thence to the place of wedding to cxercife fcates of 
 Armes there, and cuene Knight to prefect the Bride 
 with feme gift. 
 
 That the firft Sonday of enerie inoneth»all the 
 Knights fhould lhewe themfelues armed before the 
 King, readie to performe any action of Armes at the 
 Kings pleafurc : for the King would not haue them 
 be onlic Knights in name, but in deed aifo. 
 
 That in no Turniament there fhould bee more 
 Knights than thirtieon one panic, and fo many on 
 the other partie, &C that no Sword fhould be brought 
 into the place but fuch as were rabbated both of edge 
 and poynt. And that vpon the found of T rompet the 
 fight fhould begin, and at the found of the Clarions 
 eucrie man to ceafe from fight and retire, vpon paine 
 that who fo failed Should neuer more enter into that 
 Combat,and be banifhed the Court for one moneth. 
 
 That at cuerie day of Iufts each Knight fhould 
 paftc foure Carieraes, before foure Knights appoyn- 
 ted for fudges : &l they who brake no ftaues in thofe 
 courfes,fhould pay the charge of the Iufts. 
 
 That if any Knight were ficke and in perrillof 
 death,all other his fello we Knights fhould vifite him, 
 and exhort him to godlines. And if indeed he did 
 dye, to accompame his corfe to thegraue. Alforo 
 mourne in blacke one whole moneth, and abfent 
 themfelues from the cxercife of Armes for the fpacc 
 of three moneths, except the King fhould otherwife 
 command. 
 
 That 
 
of Honor and zArmes. 43 
 
 to her honorable calling. 
 
 Knights of H°- 
 
 Cap. i3« 
 
 N 
 
 Pvt vnto the Knights aforefaid/or honor and 
 quered that Counme, the remainder ot ^ 
 
44 TZr fift 2 > oohe 
 
 people refufing to line vnder thelawesof that bar- 
 barous Nation, retired themfelues vnto the moun- 
 teines of 4?«nVr,and there fetled a gouernment. 
 
 After fome yeares of their abode there, certcinc 
 Gentlemen confultingtogether,determined to make 
 an affotiation and begin a warre vppon the Infidells. 
 Thefe Gentlemen to the number of thirtcene, being 
 all Barons and men of great qualine, agreed alfo vpon 
 ccrteine religious rules of Knighthood,yet referuing 
 vneo themfelues libertic of marriage. 
 
 The Enligne which they refolued to weare, was 
 a red Crolfe in the forme of a Sword. 
 
 This Order was ere&ed at fuch time as the King 
 Don Ramiro wanne the vi&oric againft the Moores 
 in theProuince of Ccmpojhlla, at which time great 
 poflefsions and priuileges were giuen to S James of 
 Compoflella. I0?0- 
 
 This Order hath one chiefe Gouernour, who is 
 called Great Mailer,- he with thirteene other Knights 
 haue authoritie to choofe or remooue any Knight at 
 their diferetion. 
 
 Vpon thcFeafl day of SainSls thefe Knights- 
 doo vfe to meete, and confult vpon matters appertci- 
 ningto their ehate. 
 
 The reuenues belonging to thefe Knights is mer- 
 it eilou .^amounting to many hundred thoufand Duc- 
 kets. 
 
 Many Popes haue giuen their allowance to this* 
 Order, yet either they could not, or would notre- 
 ferue a greater tribute thereof, than ten c jjialachini 
 yearely. 
 
of Honor and <tArmes. 4.5 
 
 Knights of Calatraua. 
 
 Cap. 14. 
 
 B Y imitation of the Order a fore ford, was this 
 Knighthood of Calatrma begun in the yeare 
 1130, The inuenter thereof was Bon Sant to 
 King of Toledo. 
 
 They were called Knights of Calatraua i of the Pro- 
 uince and place where they were made and fetled, 
 which was where ancientlie the chicfe Church of 
 Tcmplers had been, who not being of power fuffi- 
 cient to refill the Saracens, were forced toyeeld the 
 place vnto thefe Knights. 
 
 The habit of thefe Knights is a blacke garment, 
 and vpon it in the bread: is fet a red Crolfe. 
 
 Thefe Knights haue alfo exceeding great poflef- 
 fions, and many Commandries in diuers places of 
 
c Thefift*Booke 
 
 Knights of Alcantara. 
 
 Cap. 15. 
 
 ^PHcfe Knights lining in effeft vnder the ordinan- 
 ■* ccs and rules of the former* doo weare a greene 
 CrofTc. 
 
 Necre vnto the Citie of Alcantara in Cafiiglia vp- 
 pontheriuerof Tago s they haue a Church of great 
 beautie,indowed with rich poflcfsions. 
 
 Kniohti 
 
 o 
 
47 
 
 of Honor and me s. 
 
 Knights of Montefio. 
 
 C a p . 16 . 
 
 I N Valentia are the Cauallieri di Montefio ,a place alfo 
 feared in that Prouince. 
 
 Thefe Knights doo weare a red Croflc, and 
 their Order begun about the fame time that the 
 Knighthood of Calatraua tooke beginning. 
 
'Theflfo'Bookg 
 
 Knights of Redemption* 
 
 Cap. 17. 
 
 '■J'Hefc Knights were erc&ed in the Kingdomeof 
 
 dragon by King lames, who conquered the I- 
 lands Maiorica and Minoricct in the yeare 12 12 . 
 
 Their garments are white* and thereon a blackc 
 CrofTe, 
 
 The office of thefe Knights is to redeemeprifo- 
 ners, wherevpon they are called Caualien della Re- 
 dent tore. 
 
 The chide Gouernour of them remaineth at Ber- 
 cellona . 
 
of Honor and <tArmes. 4.9 
 
 Knights of S.Iohn in Ierufalem : of fome cal- 
 led Knights of the Rhodes : and noTv 3 
 
 Cap. 18. 
 
 I T is written (with what warrant I know not)that 
 attheCitie of * Amiens in Picardie a Prouince of 
 France, there was borne a certein Gemlernan,who 
 in his childhood had been brought vp in learning : 
 and being growneto mans eftate, difpofed himfelfe 
 to theexercifeof Armes, and therein long time con- 
 tinued. Afterwards, hailing atteined riper yearcs,he 
 defpifed the world, and framed himfelfe to a folita- 
 rie life,as one fullie refolued to line in contemplation 
 vnfeene of any but God alone. Hauing fometime re- 
 mained in that folitarie fore, a fodeine delate he had 
 to vifite the Sepulcher where Chrift was buried. 
 
 V 
 
 which 
 
5o 'Thejift'Booke 
 
 which fhortlie after he did. And to the end he might 
 with fecuritie pafle the barbarous Nations, he appa- 
 relled himfelfe like vnto a Phifition ; by which 
 meanc without impediment he performed hisior- 
 ney. Thus hailing pafied the difficulties of trauell in 
 diners ftraunge Countries,heariued at Iern/hlem^nd 
 being there, fell into acquaintance with Simon , Patri- 
 arkeof that Citie, and in lamenting wife enformed 
 him of the opprefsion and crueltie offered and daylic 
 vfed by the Infidels towards the poore Chriffians. 
 W hereunto Simon anfwered, that albeit the Chri- 
 ffians in thofe Countries indured great outrages, yet 
 they of lernfalcm buffered much greater, and fhould 
 be forced ro more if God did not defend them. 
 
 By this conference, the Patriarke conceiued Pe- 
 ter the Hermit (for fo he was called) to bee a man of 
 good vnderfhnding,and apt to execute any action of 
 importance that fhould bee committed vnto him. 
 W hereupon the Patriarke determined to make him 
 a meftenger vnto the Pope, vnto whom by letters he 
 imparted the great calamitie and afflicted effate of 
 the poore Chriffians inhabiting the Holy land. 
 
 Peter hauing receiued his iuftruffions and letter 
 of credence, returned into the Weft, firff vnto the 
 Pope,and after foliated other Princes : in fuch fort, 
 ana with fo good fuccclic,as by his perfwafions, ma- 
 ny great Kings and Potentates contented to take in 
 hand the recouerie of the Holy land from the oppref- 
 fion of the Infidels, and fomc of them furnifhed that 
 enterprife with men,fome with monie,and fomedid 
 goe in petfon. Among which numberfas the chiefe) 
 was Robert Duke of Normandie, fonneto KingfVil. 
 
of Honor and <tyf mes. 51 
 
 liam of England ^Godfrey Duke of Lorayn; with two of 
 his brethren Called Eitflace and Baldwin, Flugh firna- 
 med the Great brother to the French King : with di- 
 ners other Princes, Dukes, Earles and Barons. Alfo 
 thether went Becmondo Duke of Calabria, who for 
 zeale to that feniicc (or defire of honor) refigned his 
 .Dukedomevnto Ruggiero his brother, taking with 
 him fo many of his fubieffs as would voluntarilie 
 followe him, of whom (with fuch other Captcines 
 and Soldiers of Italic as came vnto him)he afiembled 
 more than twentiethoufand,all choyce men 8c yong 
 fit for the warre. 
 
 All things in this fort prepared for the iorney, Vr~ 
 ban the fecond(then Pope) fent vnto thefe Capteines 
 a white Croffe,with commandement that al the Sol- 
 diers fhould weare the like, calling that enterprife/d 
 Cruciata. It is faid_,that the Chrifhans,at fuch time as 
 this warre was proclaimed in Chiaramont (a Citie of 
 uernia) indcuoured themfelues vniuerfallie to ani- 
 mate the Soldiers, and ioyned in generall prater for 
 their good fuccelTe, giuing them meate, apparell and 
 furniture, vnasked or required. Morcouer,thofe that 
 were indebted, were forgiuen, and fuch as had been 
 baniflied were pardoned. The women alfo(contraric 
 to their culfome) willinglieand with much ioy con- 
 fented their husbands and fonnes fhould pafle in this 
 enterprife, and for their furniture gaue them their 
 Iewels,Cheines andmonie. The French King like- 
 wife fent them great treafure, and gaue priuilegesto 
 the Soldiers lands and wines in their husbands ab- 
 fence. And many great Princes and other Lords fold 
 and impawned their patrimonies to further this ac- 
 
 V 2 tion. 
 
5Z c Thefift c Boo\e 
 
 tion. So as the ArmieafTembled for this holie enter- 
 prife, amounted vnto three hundred thoufand foot- 
 men, and one hundred thoufand horfe, who prefent- 
 3 ic marched towards Confiantineple , where they paf- 
 fed the ftraight called Bcfphoro T ratio, and landed at 
 Ccdcedonia. 
 
 Forthefirft enterprife they befieged Nicea in Bi- 
 tbinia, which within fiftie daies was yedded: and the 
 fourth oflulyat the foote of certeme Mountcincs 
 neere vnto that Citie, the Chriftians fought a battell 
 withaTurkifh Armie, which in number exceeded 
 ours, and thereat was prefent Solimdn the Emperour 
 of Turkje and Perfict : but the Chriftians had viCorie 
 with the lofle of two thoufand men : but of the ene- 
 mies were flame fortic thoufand. 
 
 This viclorie gained, the Chriftians following 
 their enterprife, within fhort time wonne an hun- 
 dred Cities and T o wnes of accompt,&: among them 
 the great ^ 4ntiochia> before which they begun the 
 fiege the 20.of QCober, and tooke it the laft of May 
 following, where they found Corbonct King of Verfi<t s 
 and Cafiicino Lord of Sfntiochia. Neere vnto that place 
 in one other confliC were flaine more then an hun- 
 dred thoufand Turbos, with the Ioffe of foure thou- 
 fand of ours. 
 
 The caufe of this viCorie was (in that time of Su- 
 perftition) imputed to the vertue of a bloudie Launce 
 found in ^ntiotbia, which they fuppofed to bee a 
 Speare wherewith Chrift was wounded on the 
 Croffe.lt was alfo faid,that the Titr\s did fee,orima- 
 gine to fee (as they reported) another great Armie 
 camming againft them from theMountcines, con- 
 duced 
 
of Honor and <tA rmes. 55 
 
 dufted by three Capteines mounted vppon three 
 white horfes, the beholding whereof occafioned 
 their flight. 
 
 This vidorie being had, a Nauie ariued fro Gem k 
 and from Venice. Alfo with them came certeine (hips 
 conduced by one Vymer of Bullein in Vicar die, a no- 
 table Pirate, who repenting his former life, determi- 
 ned to followe that honorable adion. 
 
 The Chriftian forces thus increafed, they mar- 
 ched towards Iertifalem, and befieged it. And not- 
 withftanding the Citie was of great force, yet by 
 Gods helpcand the valorous aduenture of the Chri- 
 flians, it was aflaulted, and in the end yeelded. Anno 
 IO 99 - 
 
 This Citie thus conquered, thefaid Veter (as the 
 chiefe procurer of the enterprife) washighlie hono- 
 red, and Godfrey Duke of Lorayn eleded King of the 
 Holy land. 
 
 Bat to returne vnto theoriginall of thefe Knights, 
 I fay, that fomewhat before the Chriflians conque- 
 red the Citie of Ieru/alem , they had obteined of the 
 Saracens leaue to dwell neere vnto the Sepulcher of 
 Chrift,and there builded an houfe,calling it the Hof- 
 pitall of Chriftians,whether all other Chriflians dai- 
 lie reforted. After that,the number of Chriflians in- 
 creaflng , they builded another houfe for women, 
 calling it S.Mary Magdalens. And at length they made 
 a third houfe, and called it S. John Baptifls , where for 
 the keeping of good order they appoynted an Offi- 
 cer; whom they called Redor. 
 
 Sometime after, was eleded vnto that Redorfhip 
 a Gentleman called Gherardns , who commaunded 
 
 V 3 that 
 
54 - < Thefift c Booke 
 
 that he, with all others of that houfe, fhould weare a 
 white CioiTe vpon a blacke garment,which was the 
 originall of the Order, and euer fince hath been v- 
 fcd. 
 
 Afterwards one other Re&or or great Mafter was 
 eleded, whofe name was Raimondusy to whom au- 
 thoritie was giuen, that he fhould gouerne and com- 
 maund all the Knights of this Order wherefoeuer 
 they were difperfed. 
 
 Manyyearcs after, thefe Knights conquered the 
 He ofi?W/,holden by the Turves ^4 two 1 308. which 
 was the caufe they were called Knights of Rhodi. 
 And diuers Princes feeing them Martiallie cnclined, 
 gauevnto them great lands and poflefsions: 8e they 
 became greatlie efteemed for their feruice,chieflie a- 
 gainfl thefaid Turkes, and the Soldan King ofEgipt 
 and lerufalem. The faid lie of Rhodi (during thofc 
 Knights inhabited there) was foure times aflaulted, 
 yet by Gods helpe,with the valiancie of the Knights, 
 it was defended. Then Mahomet Ottoman Empe- 
 rour of Tnrkie *, Anno 1480. with an excefsiue force of 
 men and an hundred fades of Gallics (conducted by 
 a Baffa borne in Greece 3 di(ce nded of the rafe of Paleo- 
 loghi fometime Emperours of Conjiantinoplc) did be- 
 fiege it : but after 89 daies of continuall batterie,they 
 were forced to abandon the enterprife, and for their 
 farewell m the laft affault, the Knights flewemore 
 then fortie thoufand Turkgs. 
 
 But in the yeare 1523. in the moneth of Ianuarie, 
 the Turves againe inuaded that Hand, and after three 
 moneths fiege preuailed : for the reft of Chriftendom 
 neuer voiichfated them either aide or reiiefe. 
 
 Since 
 
of Honor and zyfrmes, 55 
 
 Since the Ioffe of i?W/,thefe Knights haue remai- 
 ned in the Hand of Malta, and often defended it a- 
 gainffthe enemies of Chriff endome, but chieflie in 
 they care 15*/ 5. 
 
 The firft ere&or of Statutes'and rules for the 2:0- 
 
 O 
 
 uernment of thefe Knights, was the faid Rahnondus , 
 calling himfelfe Raimondo di Voggxo,ferno di peueri di 
 Cbrijlo , e cuftode dello fpidale deSan Giouanni Battijla di 
 Hierufalemme . 
 
 No man might be receiued into this Knighthood, 
 vntill he had prooued his gentilitie in prefence of the 
 great Mafter and other Knights. 
 
 Nor no man difeended of a Moore, a lew,ox. Maho- 
 metan, might bee admitted, although he were the 
 fonne ofa Prince. 
 
 And euerie Knight of this Order was fworne to 
 fight for the Chriff lan faith, doo mftice, defend the 
 oppreffed, relieue the poore, pcrfecutc the Mahome- 
 tans ,vfe vertue, and prated widdowes and orphan ts. 
 
 Diuers other Articles there bee, but for that they 
 are full of Superffition,! omit them. 
 
 The 
 
*The fiftBooke 
 
 The originall of the Knights 
 
 TeutonicL 
 
 s' 
 
 Cap. ip. 
 
 T Hefe Knights do not much varie from the for- 
 metjfor their cuftome is to intertein Pilgrimes, 
 and at occafions to feme in warre. 
 
 The beginning of this Knighthood was a certeine 
 4lmaine 3 who after the taking of Ierufalem by the 
 Chriftians (together with diuers others of that Na- 
 tion)remained there.This ^Almdinc being exceeding 
 rich and married,kept a franke and liberall houfc, re- 
 lieuingallpaflengers and Pilgrimes that trauailcdto 
 leruftkrmm fo much as his houfe became as an Hof- 
 pitall or place of ordinarie accede. At length he bud- 
 ded' ncere vino it a faire Church, which (according 
 to the vfc of that time) he did dedicate to our Ladie. 
 
 Not 
 
of Honor and lAr me s. 57 
 
 Not long after,many Chriftians rcfortingthether, 
 as well for loue of the Chriftian religion, as to vifite 
 the fickc, they refolued to ere£t a fiaternitie, and ha- 
 uing chofcn a great Mailer to bee Gouernour,ordei- 
 ned that euerie man of thataifotiation,ihould bee ap- 
 parelled in whitc,and vpon their vppermoil garment 
 weareablacke CroiTe. 
 
 It was alfo agreed, that no man ftiould bee admit- 
 ted into that Order, faue onelie Gentlemen of the 
 Dutch Nation : and they to protcfl at all occafions 
 toaduenture their liues in defence of ChriftesGo- 
 fpell. 
 
 About 8S. yeares after Ierufalem had remained in 
 the Chriilians hands, it was taken againc from them 
 by the Saracens in the y eare 1184. fincc which time 
 it neuer was recouered. For which caufe thefe 
 Knights retired to Tolcmaida , where they remai- 
 ned. 
 
 At length Tolemaida being alfo taken by the Sara- 
 cens, they returned into Germanic their naturallcoun- 
 trie. W here after fome ihort abode (as loathing reft 
 and idlenes) they went vnto Frederigo the fecond 
 then Emperour in the yearc 1220. to let his Maieftie 
 vnderftand that the people of Prufiia vfed inairiions 
 vpon the confines o£Saxome } adding that thofe people 
 were barbarous. Idolaters without the knowledge 
 ©f God,and therefore befought his Maieftie to grant 
 them leaue to make warre vpon them at their owne 
 charges, yet with condition that whatfocuer they 
 gained, his Maieftie v/ould giue the fame to the 
 maintenance of that Order, and they the Knights to 
 be the Lords thereof for cuer. 
 
 X 
 
 The 
 
58 c Thefift c Booke 
 
 TheEmpcrour allowing of that fuite> prefendic 
 granted them the Countrie, and vnder his feale con- 
 firmed the gift. 
 
 Thefe Knights by this donation much incoura- 
 ged ..forthwith tooke Armes, and within fhort fpace 
 fubducd al that Prouince, and thenpafied the riuer of 
 Viflola , and conquered other people, who became 
 their fubie£ls,and were made Chriftians. 
 
 Within fhort fpace after, thefe Knights builded 
 diuers Churches 3 and among them fome Cathedrall 
 Temples, making them places of refidence forBi- 
 fhops, who were alfo inioyned to weaie the habit 
 of the Order. 
 
 Neere vnto the riuer Viflola was a great Oakc, 
 where thefe Knights builded the firft Cafile and 
 Towne, which with time was encrcafed and called 
 Borgo di Santa Maria , where is now the chiefe 
 Church apperteining to this Order : thereunto be- 
 longeth fogreat riches and reuenues,as thefe Knights 
 may both for men and monie compare with diuers 
 Princes. 
 
 This Countrie of Tnifiia is grcat,and much there- 
 of bounded by the riuer Viflola -• and is alfo confined 
 by Sarmatia^hc Mafjageti^nd Volonia . 
 
 Thefe Knights are alfo Lords of Litionia, which 
 was likewife by them brought to the faith of Chri- 
 ftianitie, and is with Chrifiians now inhabited. 
 
 Knights 
 
of Honor and aArmes. 
 
 Knights of the Sepulcher. 
 
 Cap. 20. 
 
 'J'His Knighthood is now extinft, or rather con- 
 ioyned vnto the Order of Malta. 
 
 The Enligne belonging to thefe Knights was two 
 red Croffes. 
 
60 j The fiftHooke I 
 
 Knights oj S.Mary. 
 
 Cap. 21. 
 
 I N the life of Pope Vrban the fourth (at which time 
 was great warre among the Princes of Italic ) cer- 
 teinc rich Gentlemen of Bolognia and Modona defi- 
 ring to efehue theprefent troubles, and bee exempt 
 frompublique charges, defiredof that Pope to per- 
 mit them to Hue in contemplation, and ere& a newc 
 Order of religious Knighthood, which for money 
 they obteined, calling themfelues Knights of SainEl 
 Mary . 
 
 The habit of this Order was verie pompous, and 
 thereupon a red Crofle wrought with gold rounda- 
 bout. 
 
 They were ipeciallic inhibited to weare gold in 
 their fpurres and horfe harneffe. 
 
 They 
 
of Honor md <tA rmes. 61 
 
 They made profcfsion to fight againft the Infidels, 
 and all others that offended Iuftice : Notwithftan- 
 ding,they liued euerat home in reft with their wiues 
 and children. 
 
 They were commonlic called Caualieri di Madon- 
 na, : but becaufe they liued continuallic in eafe and 
 pleafure, men termed them Frati gaudenti : as much 
 in our language, as Goodfellowe brethren . It may bee 
 fome of them are yet extant. 
 
 Kmghts of S.Lazaro. 
 
 Cap. 22. 
 
 HpHefe Knights of this Order doo pleade great an- 
 tiquitie, faying they were in the time of S.Bdfil, 
 and their profession hath been confirmed by fondric 
 Popes. They alfo affirme, that Frederic\ethc Empe- 
 rour firnamed Barbarojpt, gaue them great poffefsios 
 
 X 3 in 
 
6z *Thefift c Book(i 
 
 in Sicili^CalahridjPuolia^nd Terra diLauoro: And to 
 thofc lands diners Popes did adde much. Notwith- 
 ftanding, time that weareth all things away, didalfo 
 confume thefc riches, and the Order well neere ex- 
 tind, till of late yeares Piusyuartus the Pope did re- 
 uiue it : who made Gianotto Cafliglione a noble Gen- 
 telman of Milan great Matter. 
 
 Thefc Knights doo profefleto bee obedient vnto 
 their great Matter, and other Officers of the Order. 
 They promife alfo to liue chatt, or at the leaft conti- 
 nent and content with one wife. Alfo to bee chari- 
 table, and liberall, chieflie to poore people infeded 
 with leprofie. 
 
 Moreouer, cuerie Knight promifeth to wcare a 
 greene Crotte,^ before they enter into this Knight- 
 hood mutt prooue himfelfe to bee borne in lawfull 
 wedlocke, and a Gentleman both by father and mo- 
 ther,and to beare Armes. Alfo that he is difeended of 
 ancient Chrittians, and no Morrano or Turke. That 
 he hath of rent at the leaft 200. Crownes therewith 
 to mainteine his digmtie.That he and his auncettors 
 haue euer liued as Gentlemen, without vfe of any 
 bafe or mecanical occupation. That he hath not been 
 fufpeded of any notable euill fad, or is defamed for 
 any vice. That he be not indebted, nor is wedded to 
 any widdowe, or hath had more than one wife. But 
 befides thefe pafl'able proteftations, he mutt vnder- 
 take to fay fine andtwentie Pater nojlers 3 and fo ma- 
 nie ^4 ue marias , with other Superttitious things not 
 worthie the writing. 
 
 This Order haue of late time been much fauoured 
 by the Dukes of Sauoy. 
 
 Knights 
 
of Honor and vArmes. 6$ 
 
 Knights of S.Steffano. 
 
 Cap. 23. 
 
 I N tfie yeare 1551. Cojlimo Duke of Florence and 
 Siena , hailing felled hisgouernment,and liuingin 
 peaceable eftatc, erected this religious Order of 
 Knighthood, calling thofe that entered thereunto Ca* 
 uaheri di San Steffano. To thefe Knights he gaue a red 
 CrofTe bordered about with gold. 
 
 The Statutes annexed vnto this Order, are not vn- 
 like to thofe appertcining to the Order of Malta r fa- 
 uing that thefe haue libertie to marric. 
 
 The chiefe place of their refiance is theCiticof 
 Tifiti where the Duke prepared them a Church, and 
 buildedfor them a Pallace wherein to lodge. And 
 becaufenecreto thatCitie is a Hauen fittoreceiuc 
 
 the 
 
*Thefift c B ooke 
 
 the Gallics wherein thefc Knights ftiould feme, it 
 feemed good to that Prince to fettle them there. 
 
 The Duke himfelfe and his fucceffors is great 
 Matter of this Order ; and vndcr him arc diuers o- 
 ther Officers of reputation. 
 
 This is the laft Order or degree of Knights that I 
 hauc feene or read of, fauc onclie the great Knight- 
 hood of S.E/prit, whereof (as is before faid) I am not 
 enformed. / 
 
 The 
 
of Honor and <*A w. 6*> 
 
 The Ceremonies in the degradation of 
 
 Cap. 24. 
 
 I T fcemeth that the degradation of Knights hath 
 beenvfed onclic for offences of greateft reproach 
 and difhonour : which I conceiue partlie by the 
 rarenesof fuch actions, and partlie for that the men 
 bereft of that dignitie, were not onelic degraded,bnt 
 alfo by lawe executed. As in the raigneot King Ed- 
 ward the 4. it appeared a Knight was degraded in 
 this fort. 
 
 Firlt, after the publication of his offence, his gilt 
 fpurres were beaten from his hceles,then his fword 
 taken from him, and broken. That being done,eue- 
 rie peece of his Armour was brufed, beaten, and 
 caft afide. After all which difgraces , he was be- 
 headded. 
 
 In like manner, Andrew of Hekgla Knight and 
 Earle of Cardoyl,wzs in this fort difgraded. He being 
 apprehended , was by the Kings commandement 
 brought before Sir * Anthony Lucy , Anno. 1322. appa- 
 relled in all the robes of his efhte as an Earle and a 
 Knight,and fo led vnto the place of Iudgemcnt. Be- 
 ing thethcr come, Sir Anthony Lucy faid vnto him 
 thefe words . I irjl thou {hcdl lefe the Order of Knight- 
 hood by which thou hadft all thine honour: and further , all 
 worfhip vppon thybodie bee brought to nought. Thofc 
 wordes pronounced, Sir Anthony Lucy commanded 
 a knaue to he we the Knights fpurres from his heeles. 
 
 Y 
 
 and 
 
66 The fift c Booke 
 
 and after caufed his fword to bee broken oner his 
 head. That done, hee was difpoyled or his furred 
 Tabord, of his Hood, of his furred Cotts,and of his 
 Girdle. Then Sir * Anthony faide vnto him thefe 
 wordes : .Andrew, now art thou no Knight, but a k>iaue t 
 and for thy treajon the King doth will thou Jbalt bee han- 
 ged. 
 
 This manner of proceeding in the degradation of 
 thefe two Knights, I found recorded in an auncient 
 .bookc of Mailer Garters, written in the felfe fame 
 words that are hereexprefled. 
 
 T be <» Authors Intention. 
 
 Cap. 25. 
 
 Lbeit the whole fcope and intent of this 
 bookeisto difeourfe the poynts of Honor 
 and dignities appcrtciningvnto Armessyet 
 for not being miflakcn in my meaning, I 
 haue thought good to lay, that the commendation 
 due vnto learning is of no lelTe defart ,tha that which 
 belongeth to Marriall merit. And indeed very rarelie 
 doth any man excell in Armes, that isvtterlie igno- 
 rant in letters : lor by how much one Capteine is 
 more learned than another, by fo much is he more ca- 
 pable of gouernmentin Armes, and ought bee the 
 better reputed. For who without learning can con- 
 ceiue the ordering Sc difpoling of men, in marching, 
 incamping, or fighting, without ^Arithmetioue ? Or 
 %vho can comprehend the ingenious fortifications or 
 infhumentsapt for offence or defence o! Townes, or 
 pafsing of waters, vnlelie he hath knowledge of Geo- 
 
 met rid 
 
of Honor and (t/f rmes . 6 7 
 
 metric? Or how may Sea fern ice be performed with- 
 out skill of the Latitude of the place, by the Pole , and 
 the Longitude by other Starres : which muft be lear- 
 ned ofth z.Aflrommcrs. Ycalearning isfno doubt} 
 offuchexcellencie and necefsiue,thatno Common 
 weale without it, is well gouerned. What State can 
 bee well ordered, vnleffe the Gouernours or Magi- 
 ferates haue ffudied Philofophie, chiedie that part 
 which entreateth of manners,fith it onlie enformeth, 
 firft how euerie man fliould gouerne himfelfe. Se- 
 condlie,how he fhould guide his owne familie. And 
 thirdlic, teacheth how a Citie or Common weale 
 may bee ordered and gouerned, as well in times of 
 warre as peace : which moued Plato to fay: That bap- 
 pic is the Common weale where either the Prince is a phi- 
 lo/bphcr, or where a Philo/opher is the Prince. And al- 
 though it cannot be denied that Empires and King- 
 domes are both wonne and kept as well by force and 
 manhood, as by wifedome and policie; yet is the 
 chiefe of that policie atteined vnto by learning. For 
 in all forts ofgouernments the wifer haue authoritie 
 ouer the rude and vnlearned. And as in euerie priuate 
 houfe or towne the moft difereet and beft experien- 
 ced are preferred, fo in all Nations they that bee moft 
 ciuill, learned and politicke,doo findmeanes to com- 
 maund the rell,notwithftanding in force they bee in- 
 feriour.The experience hereof was apparantlie feene 
 in the Grecians and Romanes 3 among whom, like as 
 wifedome and learning was moll elleemcd, fo their 
 Empires were fpredfurtheft and continued longeft. 
 And to proouethat excellencie of learning inthofe 
 Nations preuailed againfe others equall with them 
 
 Y 2 in 
 
68 c Thejift c BoQl{e 
 
 in manhood and courage, wee will vfe this onlie ex- 
 ample. That albeit this realire before any conqueft 
 thereof, was (no doubt) inhabited with people of 
 great courage ; yet for that they were vnciui]l,orat 
 the lead without policie and learning, they were 
 brought ynder the fubie&ion ol other Nations : as 
 the Saxons were laft by the Nor manes } Sc the Romanes 
 by the Saxons before that,and the Brittaines by the Ro- 
 manes Aril of all. And albeit diners men haue been 
 and yet are, both wife and politick without learning, 
 and fome alfo that be learned (in refpeft of worldlie 
 policie)bc verie Ample : yet I fay, that fuch wife men 
 fhould haue been more excellent, if they had been 
 learned;and the other more Ample and foolifli,if they 
 had been vtterlie without learning. 
 
 Exercife in warre maketh not euerie man At to be 
 a Capteine, though he followeth Armes neuer fo 
 long; and yet is there nonefo vnapt for the warre, 
 but with vfe is more perfect, and the rather if he bee 
 learned. For if experience doth helpe,thcn I am fure 
 that learning helpeth much more to the encreafe of 
 wifedome. W e wil then determine,that experience, 
 becaufc it doth further wifedome, may be called the 
 father thereof,and memorie the mother; becaufe ihe 
 doth nourifli and preferueit r for in vaine fhould ex- 
 perience bee fought for, if the fame were not held in 
 remembrance. Then if both experienceand memo- 
 rie be holpen Sc increafed by learning, it mult needes 
 bee confeAed, that experience helpeth wit. Euerie 
 man feeth that the experience of an old man maketh 
 him wifer than the yong, becaufe he hath fcee more; 
 yet an old man feeth onlie things in his owne time : 
 
 but 
 
of Honor and tAr me s. 69 
 
 but the learned man Teeth not onlie his ownc age and 
 experience, but whatfoeuer hath been in longtime 
 pall, yea lince the fir ft writer tooke pen in hand, and 
 therefore mu ft needes knowe more than the vnlear- 
 nedman,bee he neuerfoolde; for nometnoriecan 
 compare with writing. Befides that,! f the vnlearned 
 doo forget any thing ftrene, hardlie fliall he reduce it 
 to memorie againe : whereas the learned man by tur- 
 ning his booke, hath mcaneto call to remembrance 
 what he happeneth to forget. Therefore,as he that 
 liueth foure lcoreyeares muft needes liaue more ex- 
 perience than he that liueth fortie : To he that Teeth 
 in bookes the accidents of a thoufand yeares, know- 
 ethmore than hethat by liuing one hundred yeares 
 could atteine vnto. In like manner, if he thattrauai- 
 leth many Nationsds of more experience than others 
 of like age that neuer went from his natiue ccuntrie: 
 To he diat is learned,by CofmcgraphicMRones^nd o- 
 ther learning. Teeth the manner and vTageofeuerie 
 Countrie in the world,yea of many moe than is pof- 
 fible for one man in all his life to traiell through: and 
 of thefe he trauaileth,much better doth he learne, by 
 Tmall abode there, than another by longer experience 
 that is altogether vnlearned.By this learning we may 
 alfoconceiue the feituation, temperature, and qnali- 
 tie of euerie Countrie throughout the world. Alfo 
 through the fcicnce of ^4 sir anomie, wee knowe the 
 courfe of the Planets aboue, and their Afpccbs and 
 Coniun&ions; which the learned men in times pall 
 atteined vnto by long conference and obferuation > 
 but we by perilling their bookes onlie may learne it : 
 yet without that helpe we could neuer.To conclude, 
 
 Y 3 there 
 
yo Tbejift^oo^e 
 
 there is nothing either of profite or necefsitie for 
 mans life, but by learning is taught more perfc&lie, 
 than it can bee compaffed by experience, or other 
 meanc whatfoeuer. 
 
 But leaning the commodities of learning to be dif- 
 courfed by thofe that are learned indeed, this onlie I 
 fay,thattheendeuourof Gentlemen ought be either 
 in Armes or learning, or in them both. And in my 
 poore conceit,hardlie deferueth he any title of honor 
 or gentilitie,that doth not take pleafure in the one or 
 the other. For as no liuing creature is borne to idle- 
 nes,fo is there no doubt but God and nature hath de- 
 fined each one for fome commendable btifineffe. 
 And like as bafe occupations are fit for folke of bafe 
 fortune, fo valiant and vertuous minds, in a&ions of 
 honor and vertue fhould be employed. And if in this 
 carthlic life any thing there bee that meriteth fame or 
 fauour,furely the fame is a vertuous life and valerous 
 endeuour : whereof Imemll faith: 
 
 Resgerere & captos oft e tide? e ciuibus hoftes 
 ttingit folium Iouis& czlejlia tent At. 
 
 Vrincipibus placuijje viris non vltima Ians eft. 
 
 The 
 
7 1 
 
 of Honor and lArmes. 
 
 T he Authors Conclufion . 
 
 Cap. 76. 
 
 W E haue faid in our former difcourfe, that 
 no man of any qualitie or fortune, is borne 
 or deftined to eafe, idlenes, or vnprofitabie 
 occupation : we hauc likewife couched the commo- 
 dities of fuch learnings, as are required in actions 
 both ciuiil and Martinll, whereby may appeare,how 
 necefTarie it is for all Gentlemen to cndeuotir them- 
 felues in the one and the other, as thofe knowledges 
 whereby men are made, worthieof honorable title. 
 Notwithftanding, through corrupt cuflomeor bad 
 education, the greater partofourEnglifhGentilitie 
 isnotonelie ignorant what honor and vertuemea- 
 ncthjbut confequenthe difdaineth(or at the lead: wife 
 lightly regardeth) thofe labours whereby they might 
 and ought become comfortable to friends, andfer- 
 niceable to their Prince and Countrie : which haplie 
 moued the Poet to forevvarne fathers to haue care of 
 childrens education, faying: 
 
 Gramm ejl quod patriae ciutm pcpulcque dcdijli t 
 Si fads y t patriae fitidcneus , vnlis agris , 
 
 Vtilis & bsliorum & pads rebus agcndis. 
 
 And in continuing the confidcration of this mat- 
 ter,! am occalioncd to be right foric,that our Englifh 
 youth doo not onlie earnelllie affeft vaine plealures 
 and unprofitable paftimes as recreation ; but alfo vfe 
 them with dayltc labour 
 
7 1 Thefift'Booke 
 
 fpeciail profession. And to fpeake plainlie Jam more 
 then halfe perfwaded,that a great fort of our Gentle- 
 men ( chieflie thofe that haue had their nurture at 
 home with their owne ignorant parents) doo take 
 more comfort to be called good Faulkners or expert 
 Woodmen jthan either skilfull Souldicrsor learned 
 Scollers. Yet who fo obferueth, (hall finds, that the 
 fame men by fecrct inftinft of gentle nature, doo not 
 a little glorie in the auncient badges, titles and fer- 
 iiices of their auncefters, fuppofing thofe palfed me- 
 rites (fupported with riches) ought without further 
 fufficiencie,make them moreworthie than others, 
 whofe owne proper vertue and labour haue indeed 
 deferued much honor. But as no fowle flieth wdth 
 the wings of another, nor no horfedoth runneon 
 legges not his owne : fo ought no man be praifed or 
 admired for the vertue or good meriteof another. 
 And albeit the fame of auncefters honor, may (for 
 fome fhort fpace)mainteinea certeinehope of vertue, 
 (chieflie where no vice appeareth) yet time, which 
 doth diftinguifh things indced,from thofe thatonlie 
 appeare, will alfo (like vnto counterfeit mettall) be- 
 wray the want or worth of euery man, and for fuch 
 a one he thall be knowne Sc efteemed,of what name, 
 houfe, parentage or predeceflorfoeuer,hcisdifcen- 
 ded. It therefore behoueth euerie Gentleman well 
 borne to imbrace the loue of vertue, and in the ac- 
 tions thereof ro employ the courfe of his wholelife. 
 For what can be more pleafing to a generous minde, 
 than the ftudie of wifedome i whereby to knowe 
 good from euill, and truth from fafthcod, the one to 
 be folio wed, the other efehevyed. 
 
 What 
 
of Honor and rmes. 
 
 . W hat may be more bleffed than Iuftice ? where- 
 by we refraine from all iniuries,and giue vnto euerie 
 one that which vnto him apperteineth. What is 
 more noble than Fortitude s’ which contemneth all 
 worldlie accidents , and with inuincible courage 
 fighteth for equitie and right. And what is more fit 
 or better befeeming a noble perfonage, than T empe- 
 rance^ which teacheth comelinesand moderation, 
 gouerningthe pafsionsand perturbations of minde, 
 to the quietnes of mans life, and contentationofo- 
 thers. Thefe with other vertues on them depending, 
 haue from bafe birth and poore parentage, brought 
 many to great title and dignitie. And as thofe ver- 
 tuousendeuours haue aduaunced them, fo the dis- 
 continuance of like delights> did vtterlie deface that 
 honor in their pofteritie. Vertue I fay, is that which 
 from meane eftate hath euer led the louers thereof to 
 great reputation andglorie. Among infinite exam- 
 ples (omitting men of meaner fortune, yet worthie 
 much honor) we haue ^4gathocles,Eumenes,Pertinax, 
 Dioclc fun. Valent ini an, with other Empcrours, Kings 
 and Capteines. Oflike fortune in birth was Marcus 
 Tullius, Cato , Horace, with diuers moil notable lear- 
 ned men : yea Socrates himfelfe (who by the Oracle 
 of^o//owas iudgedthe wifeft manaliue) had no 
 great parentage . And Iulius C&far, that both for 
 Armes and learning excelled,and was the firft Empe- 
 rour,afpired from lowc degree tocxcefsiueglorie. 
 Notwithftanding, through protraction of time, and 
 the degeneration of thofe mens pofteritie, not onelie 
 their owne houfes and names are vaniihed, but alfo 
 the honor and renowne of the Nations where they 
 . ' Z liued. 
 
74 - c Thefifr c Booke 
 
 lined, is vtterlie dccaied and extinguilhcd.W hich the 
 Chriftian Poet Palingenius exprelfed well in thefe 
 yerfes. 
 
 Uempe diu res nulla manctjicmpe omnia femper 
 Deteriora folent fieri jn peiufijue refer ri , 
 
 Nature imperious?* fatorum lege perenni r 
 Deinde iterum ex alio fecit inftaurata rinafii. 
 
 Thus haue we heard the meanes of afpiring vnto 
 Honor, and by what occalion the fame is loll or de- 
 caied. But well I wot, that vnto thefe reafons and 
 examples produced to incite our Englifh youth, they 
 anfwere> that were they fure to attaine vnto the leaf!: 
 part of that fortune thefe great perfonages and many 
 others their inferiours haue come vnto, then would 
 they not feare toaduenture their labour and liues to 
 the vttermoft : but becaufe the paines andperillsare 
 certeine, and the fuccefle doubtfull, they thinke it 
 more wifedome to Hunt and Hawke at home, than 
 hazard their bodies abroad, or beate their braines a- 
 bout that which haplie neuer lhall turne them to pro- 
 fite. This fillie allegation compounded of lloath and 
 pufillanimitie,may ealilie be refelled, but llowlie fol- 
 lowed. Not w i thliandi ng,(for that I am vfed to lofe 
 my labour) I will replie thereunto thus : That feeing 
 no reward is due befor defart, and that Honor is the 
 recompence of vertue, it may not be looked for vntill 
 fome vertuous teftimonie bee firft (hewed. What 
 Soldier is fo limple,as entring into pay will at the fkfi 
 day looke to bee made a Capteine, or haue promife 
 within fewc yeares to become a Generali s’ Whac 
 
 Scalier 
 
of Honor and <tAr me s. 
 
 Scoller will at his firftcommingto ftudie dcmaund 
 thedegrees due vnto Arte, or that fhortlie after (with 
 little learning) will challenge to bee a Doctor ? Yet 
 true it is,that fometimes the fimpleft Archer doth hit 
 the marke,which many an excellent fhooter miffeth: 
 notwithftanding , hardlie can any wife man bee 
 brought to lay monie on his fide 3 or hope of fuch fuc- 
 cefle. Euen fo, in the atteiningof Honor, although 
 fauour and fortune ofttimes preferreth the vnwor- 
 thie, yet the true way and moft likelie mcanc there- 
 iinto 3 istrue vertue and indufirious life. Wherefore 
 concluding I fay 3 that euery noble and magnanimous 
 mindjdoth not fo much couet the rewards of vertue, 
 as it taketh delight in vertue it felfc. As the fame Poet 
 faith: 
 
 Propter fe virtuspetiturjion propter benorem , 
 
 Ipfii licet proprie,ac yerejnereaturhonorem. 
 
 FINIS. 
 
4 
 
% Rio ii T 
 
 f ofEffcxbis Relcom i 
 
 from Portugal!. 
 
 Piers. 
 
 T)icite Io c Ftean,& lo bis dicite 
 In Tatriam redid magnus Ap 
 
 PALINODE. 
 
 \ ' 
 
 Erdgrome^ yvhatgars thy pipe tc goe fo 
 loud? 1 
 
 Why bin thy lookes {b fmickeijand 
 proud? 
 
 P erdie plaine Piers, but this couthe ill agree. 
 
 With thilke bad fortune^that ay thvvarteth thic* 
 
 Vicrs, 
 
 That thvvarteth me, good Palinode, is fate, 
 
 Yborne was Piers to be infortunate. 
 
 Y et (hall my Bagpipe go fo loud and shrill. 
 
 That heauen may entertaine my kind goodvvi 
 
 > - fo Io P<ean. 
 
 Palinode . 
 
 Sot I fay,Lofell,leudeft ofall 
 Singeft thou proud P jeans on 
 Soillfitteth this ftraine,this 
 With thy rude tire,and