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CATALOGUE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 MUSEUM 
 
 OF 
 
 LONDON ANTIQUITIE 
 
 COLLECTED BY, AND THE PEOJ'ERTY OF, 
 
 CHARLES ROACH SMITH, 
 
 HONORARY MEMBER OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LITERATURE J OF THE NUMISMATIC SOCIETY 
 OF LONDON J OF THE SOCIETIES OF ANTIQUARIES OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE AND OF 
 SCOTLAND J FELLOW OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF THE NORTH; MEMBER 
 OF THE SOCIETIES OF ANTIQUARIES OF FRANCE, OF NORMANDY, OF PICARDY, OF THE 
 WEST, OF THE MORINIJ MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY OF EMULATION OF ABBEVILLE ', 
 HONORARY MEMBER OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETIES OF MADRID, WIESBADEN, 
 MAYENCE, TREVES, CHESTER, CHESHIRE AND LANCASHIRE, SUFFOLK, SURREY, 
 ETC., ETC. 
 
 PRINTED FOR THE SUBSCRIBERS ONLY. 
 
 M.DC'CC.LIV. 
 
RICHARDS, 37, GREAT QUEEN STREET. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The antiquities catalogued in the following pages 
 were collected during the progress of the recent 
 extensive alterations made in the city of London, for 
 the purpose of widening the old, and making new 
 streets ; and also for improving the sewerage. Simul- 
 taneously, the bed of the Thames, near London Bridge, 
 was deepened ; from this latter source were obtained 
 the bronze statuettes, many of the coins, and some 
 other objects. 
 
 The collection has been formed under circum- 
 stances entirely accidental. When the lines of new 
 streets were excavated, — when the old sewers were 
 deepened and widened, — and when new ones were 
 made, the labourers had a defined task-work to per- 
 form, to which they were rigidly restricted : their 
 operations were limited to a certain width and depth, 
 
iv PREFACE. 
 
 beyond which they were forbidden to wander. As, 
 in most districts, they penetrated through the layers 
 of earth, composed of debris of the middle ages, down 
 to the soil which marked the level of the Roman city, 
 it was to be anticipated that many curious and 
 valuable remains of antiquity would be brought to 
 light. But the workmen were ignorant of everything 
 but their duty ; and the question of the preservation 
 of antiquities never suggested itself to Committees of 
 City Improvements, and Commissioners of Sewers. 
 Thus the workmen were left to themselves and to 
 their work ; if they found things they could sell, 
 they sold them ; if they fell in with foundations of 
 buildings, with hypocausts, and with pavements, they 
 grubbed them up. Considering the vast extent of 
 ground excavated, the number of years through which 
 the excavations have been carried on, and the many 
 hundreds of workmen constantly employed, it must be 
 conceded at once that many valuable remains of ancient 
 art have been discovered and destroyed, or abstracted 
 and lost. Everybody who has watched the sinking 
 of a shaft, or the digging of a well, in the city of 
 London, will be convinced of the truth of this asser- 
 tion. The portion which I obtained would also, by 
 this time, have perished or passed away, had I not 
 bestowed incessant personal exertion and solicitude 
 
PREFACE. V 
 
 in watching the works and encouraging the labourers, 
 by the most persuasive of all arguments, to preserve, 
 and also to understand what to preserve. 
 
 These facts will indicate under what circumstances 
 the collection was got together : it is necessary that 
 they be borne in mind. They will serve to explain 
 its peculiar character, and shew why, in cataloguing 
 its contents, I have been forced to confine myself to 
 scanty descriptions in noticing many objects which, 
 from their intrinsic interest, seem to demand or pro- 
 voke an elaborate dissertation. The Museum formed 
 itself out of a series of accidents, which compelled me 
 to receive objects as they presented themselves ; and 
 the Catalogue is restricted closely to the various objects 
 which comprise the London collection. The introduc- 
 tion of matters for comparison and illustration I have 
 been forced to dispense with, in order to preserve the 
 local feature, and to avoid swelling the list to an 
 expensive and voluminous work. Still, in the form 
 in which it thus necessarily appears, I trust it will be 
 found not altogether useless to the archaeologist and 
 to the historical student. 
 
 I have said that my Museum contains but a por- 
 tion of the antiquities found in London. Before I 
 became a resident in the city, excavations for the 
 approaches to New London Bridge led to the dis- 
 
Vi PREFACE. 
 
 co very of vast numbers of objects, more or less curious 
 and valuable, none of which were made available for 
 any scientific purpose. In making the coffer dams for 
 the new bridge, a jet of water threw up a large 
 quantity of angels of Henry VII and Henry VIII, 
 and half sovereigns of Henry VIII, which were seized 
 upon directly, ostensibly and avowedly, for the Cor- 
 poration : but where they now are nobody can tell. 1 
 Subsequently, during the excavations before referred 
 to, four large collections of antiquities, exclusive of 
 my own, were formed. Three of these have already 
 been scattered by auction. Two were previously 
 offered, to my knowledge and chiefly at my sugges- 
 tion, to the Corporation : but the overtures were un- 
 successful. 
 
 It has ever been my wish to protect from a similar 
 calamitous fate the city antiquities which I have been 
 enabled to gather together ; and the present Catalogue 
 is a result of that feeling. It will, I trust, shew I 
 am rendering an account of my self-imposed steward- 
 ship ; and that in collecting, I have only endeavoured 
 to provide materials to illustrate the early history of 
 the metropolis ; and have, in no way, been instigated 
 
 1 My informant is Mr. Harry Cureton, the well known and respectable 
 coin dealer, who was present. 
 
PREFACE. Vii 
 
 by mere fancy or caprice. Neither have I, as on one 
 public occasion it has been inconsiderately, or without 
 regard to truth, asserted, in any way hindered the 
 Corporation from forming, — what it was their duty to 
 have formed, — a Museum of London Antiquities. 
 On the contrary ; I have in vain urged on their 
 consideration this important question ; and have 
 repeatedly endeavoured to induce them to save and 
 secure many important remains, which, in consequence 
 of their apathy, are lost for ever. 
 
 The Museum has been, and is, open to the archae- 
 ological student ; and I am gratified in seeing it has 
 been made useful to some of our best antiquarian and 
 historical writers. 
 
 What its ultimate destination may be, it is out of 
 my power to say ; but I shall endeavour to preserve 
 it intact and entire ; and whether it may remain 
 private, or become public property, its integrity is 
 best ensured in the reference and verification afforded 
 by the Catalogue. 
 
 C. ROACH SMITH. 
 
 5, Liverpool Street, Finsbury Circus. 
 April 24th, 1854. 
 
ERRATA. 
 
 Page 12, line 5 : for expositis, read " expositos." 
 — 18, „ 3: for la, read " le." 
 — > 67, ,, 32 : for caligatos, " caligas, tot." 
 
PLATE I. 
 
CATALOGUE. 
 
 ROMA N. 
 
 SCULPTURE. 
 
 1. Plate I. FIGURE in coarse Oolitic Limestone, twenty- 
 six inches in height ; it is broken at the knees, and at the elbow 
 of the left arm. It represents a youthful personage with long and 
 curling hair, dressed in the Phrygian cap, and a pallium, or cloak, 
 fastened by a fibula upon the right shoulder over a tunic and waist- 
 band ; the left hand holds a bow. The design and treatment of 
 this figure are good, and the drapery is graceful ; the right arm, 
 however, is rather disproportionately thick. It is probably of pro- 
 vincial workmanship, and is of a better style of art than most of the 
 comparatively few examples of sculptured figures which are known 
 to have been executed in this country, or than those which, from the 
 nature of the material, and from other circumstances, are presumed 
 of native manufactory. It may be classed, as equal in merit, with 
 the statues in the Duke of Bedford's collection, discovered a few 
 years since by the late Mr. E. T. Artis, F.S.A., in Bedford 
 Purlieus, which are of the compact oolite of the immediate neigh- 
 bourhood, and with the Colchester sphinx, in sandstone. 
 
 It was found in Bevis Marks, and, having been carried away, by 
 people in the employ of the Commissioners of Sewers, beyond the 
 precincts of the city, was about to be sent to a remote part of 
 the country, but, fortunately, I heard of the discovery, and re- 
 covered it. 
 
 B 
 
2 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 2. THE FACE, and Part of the Head, or an Adult Male 
 Figure, of life size, in sandstone, of inferior workmanship. It 
 probably belonged to a sepulchral monument. 
 
 3. GROUP of Three Draped Female Figures, standing in 
 a row, the heads and feet wanting ; in marble, measuring fourteen 
 inches by ten, and three inches in width. It may be considered to 
 be a representation of the Deo; Matres, although that mythic triad 
 is almost always personified in a sitting posture. See Collectanea 
 Antigua, vol. i, plate xlyii, and page 136, et seq. for an etching 
 of a fine fragment of these goddesses found in Crutched Friars, and 
 for references to examples found on the Continent. 
 
 4. FRAGMENT in Green Sandstone, with a Trellis 
 Pattern, and Leaves and Fruit. It appears to have formed 
 part of the decorations of a sepulchral monument, and was taken 
 from the foundations of a Roman wall in Thames Street. Col. 
 Ant., plate xlviii b, fig. 3. 
 
 5. ORNAMENTAL Vase, in a compact limestone, ten inches in 
 height, surrounded, near the rim, with an elegantly arranged band 
 of drapery. It is broken, and at some early period had been used 
 among building materials in the construction of a wall. 
 
 6. FRAGMENTS of White Marble Fluted Slabs, one- 
 and-a-half inches thick. See Col. Ant., vol. i, plate xlviii b, fig. 1. 
 They are portions of pilasters, and have decorated buildings pro- 
 bably of some public kind. Similar fragments have been found in 
 several places in the city of London worked into Roman walls. The 
 discovery of such objects in walls which unquestionably belong to 
 the Roman period, prove a violent destruction of at least consider- 
 able portions of Roman London at a comparatively early time. Exca- 
 vations in various parts of the city have shewn that the remains of 
 buildings of considerable magnitude, indicated by the size of hewn 
 and ornamented stones, formed no small part of the foundations of 
 the walls and edifices of the Roman city. 
 
 Marble slabs, apparently portions of skirtings or cornices, have 
 
ROMAN. SCULPTURE. 3 
 
 been found at Richborough (see Antiquities of Richborough, p. 48), 
 and on the sites of some other Roman stations in this country. 
 Count Caylus, in his Recueil cV Antiquite, torn, vi, page 352, states, 
 that M. Carrey discovered, on the banks of the Loire, several 
 ancient quarries of different kinds of marble, and one in particular 
 of white marble. It is known by the name of Vaudelat, and is 
 situate at five leagues to the north-east of Moulins-en-Bourbonnois, 
 three leagues from the left bank of the Loire, one league from 
 the river Besue, two from the little town of Donjou, and half a 
 league from the hill of Puy-St.-Ambroise. This quarry, Caylus 
 states, is very abundant; the marble is neither so white nor so 
 fine as that of Carrara, but it possesses the grain, colour, hardness, 
 and, in short, all the qualities of Parian marble. It is probable 
 that this quarry furnished most of the material for the marble 
 statuary and other sculptures in marble discovered in France, and 
 also for the architectural remains found in England, such as those 
 referred to above. 
 
 7. TORSO, in Coarse-Grained Marble, of a youth or genius, 
 of good workmanship. It was found in Maiden Lane, and bought 
 at the sale of the late Mr. E. B. Price. 
 
 8. FRAGMENT of an Inscribed Stone, apparently part of a 
 sepulchral monument to the memory of a soldier of the twentieth 
 
 No. 8, 
 
 legion. It was found, about ten years since, by the late Mr. E. B. 
 Price, F.S.A., placed as a stepping-stone in front of the garden of 
 
CATALOGUE. 
 
 one of the cottages in a field on the eastern side of Maiden Lane 7 
 Battle Bridge. Mr. Price could gather no information as to where 
 it came from, but it appeared probable that it was brought from the 
 city, or near it, for building purposes. It is of hard oolitic stone, 
 five inches thick, and twelve in width. A notice of it, by Mr. Price, 
 was published in the Gentleman' s Magazine for August 1842, with 
 the preceding cut, for the use of which I am indebted to Mr. J. G. 
 Nichols, F.S.A. 
 
 9. FRAGMENT of a Sepulchral Inscription on a thin 
 slab of Lias Limestone, found in Cloak Lane, in 1846. Col. 
 Ant., vol. i, plate xlviii a, fig. 2. In this volume of the Collec- 
 tanea I have brought together all the Roman inscriptions discovered 
 in London, excepting one or two recently found. 
 
 10. FRAGMENT of a Sepulchral Slab, in Oolite, found 
 in London Wall. Presented, with Nos. 7 and 8, by Mrs. Price. 
 
 BRONZES. 
 
 1 1 . STATUETTE of Apollo, in bronze, five inches in height, 
 dredged up from the bed of the Thames, near London Bridge. 
 The left hand, and the lower parts of the legs, are wanting; in 
 other respects, the figure is in a fine state of preservation. It is 
 of the highest style of art, and perfectly faultless in design and 
 execution. The countenance, downcast and pensive, exhibits 
 manly grace and feminine beauty. The hair is elaborately worked. 
 Arranged in coiffure towards the forehead, the long tresses are 
 tied with a fillet at the back of the neck, and flow luxuriantly 
 down the back, while a loose ringlet falls over each shoulder. The 
 arm hangs down to its extreme length by the side of the body, and 
 the hand retains a portion of some object, which has, unfortunately, 
 been torn away. The anatomical treatment of the figure is ex- 
 tremely good. It was drawn and engraved by the late Mr. H. 
 Corbould, and forms plate vn, vol. xxviii, of the Arch&ologia. 
 
FRAGMENT OF A STATUETTE, IN BRONZE. 
 
 (Size of the original.) 
 
IIOMAN. BRONZES. 
 
 5 
 
 12. STATUETTE of Mercury, in bronze, five inches in 
 height, procured from the same spot as the Apollo. It is of the 
 best and chastest design, and of the most finished workmanship. 
 The right hand is wanting ; but, with this exception, the figure is 
 perfect, and well preserved. The correct proportions, the dignity 
 of attitude, and beauty of countenance, combine to give this 
 statuette a place by the side of its companion, among the master- 
 pieces of ancient art. The god is represented quite naked, with 
 the exception of a scarf (chlamys), which falls gracefully from the 
 left shoulder. The emblematic wings, which are frequently, in 
 figures of Mercury, fixed to the ankles, in this example are inter- 
 woven in the clustering curls of the hair. The face is youthful, 
 and full of placid intellectual expression ; but it has more of manly 
 character than the Apollo, and the body is altogether more 
 muscular. 
 
 It is figured in plate V, vol. xxviii, Archaologia. 
 
 18. FRAGMENT op a Figure, supposed of Jupiter, eight 
 inches in height ; wanting the head and right arm. It is perfectly 
 naked ; the attitude, particularly the position of the left arm, 
 resembles that of the Mercury. There is no symbol to identify it 
 as Jupiter, and the reason for so calling it arises from the strong 
 muscular development of the body and limbs ; it is possible, there- 
 fore, it may be a Mercury. It is quite equal as a work of art to the 
 two preceding statuettes. A circular pedestal, found at the same 
 time, appears to have belonged to it. The right leg of this figure 
 I procured at Barnes from a person who picked it up on the bank 
 of the Thames. The body was dredged up at London Bridge in 
 deepening the river for the steam vessels, and the gravel was taken 
 to Barnes and its neighbourhood to repair the towing-path. In 
 this gravel a considerable quantity of coins, and other small objects, 
 including the leg of this figure, were picked up by the cottagers. 
 
 Two other bronze statuettes were found at the same time, and 
 passed into the collection of Mr. John Newman, F.S.A. See 
 Arcliceologia, vol. xxviii. 
 
 The mutilation of these figures appears to have been intentional, 
 and was probably effected by the early Christians. 
 
 14. Plate II. This FIGURE, which obviously has also been 
 
6 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 purposely broken, appears to have represented a captive, seated, 
 with the arms bound behind the body. It may have formed one of 
 two, bound one on either side of a trophy. It is here engraved for 
 the first time. From the Thames. 
 
 15. HAND or a Colossal Bronze Statue, thirteen inches 
 in length, and eleven inches round the wrist. It is well-modelled 
 and cast, and gives us a high notion of the perfection to which the 
 Romans carried the art of founding metai statues. From Pliny 
 {Hist. Nat. lib. xxxiv, c. vn et vni), we learn many interesting- 
 particulars of the eminent workers in brass, in his own and in 
 earlier times. Among the former was Zenodorus, who exercised 
 his art in Gaul, and made a colossal statue of Mercury for the 
 capital city of the Arverni, whose territories were the districts of 
 
 No. 15. Length, 13 inches. 
 
 the modern Auvergne. The remains of bronze statues which have 
 been found in France and England, show that the chief cities of 
 the northern provinces were enriched and ornamented with these 
 costly and imposing works of art. From the value of the material 
 comparatively few examples have come down to our own times. 
 In England we may draw attention to the head of Hadrian, found 
 in the Thames, 1 and now in the British Museum; the hand, here 
 for the first time engraved; the head of Apollo, found at Bath, and 
 a fragment, of good workmanship, of a leg and hoof of a horse, 
 
 1 An engraving of this bust will be found in vol. i of the Journal of the 
 British Archaeological Association. 
 
ROMAN. BRONZES. 
 
 7 
 
 nearly life size, found at Lincoln, and preserved in the museum of 
 the Society of Antiquaries. The statue of Apollo, of heroic size, 
 discovered at Lillebonne, and now in the possession of the Messrs. 
 Woodburn, of St. Martin's Lane, is the finest and most perfect 
 example of northern provincial art in this country, 1 and should be 
 secured for the national collection, or rather for that of France, to 
 which it more properly belongs. 
 
 16. THIS FIGURE appears to have been seated across a stand, 
 which has also supported the object in front, by means of a leaden 
 fastening, still remaining. The head is well designed and executed. 
 It is remarkable for the peculiar style of the hair and beard; the 
 eyes are of silver. The body is dressed in a tunic, and the upper 
 drapery is disposed so as to give play to the right arm, which is 
 
 raised, while the left hand supports the circular adjunct, upon 
 which the attention of the figure seems bestowed. The feet are 
 covered with shoes (calcei); the left one, being intended to be seen, 
 is open on the instep, the other the artist has not thought fit to be 
 so particular with. It may be often noticed in works of merit, that 
 those portions of figures which do not meet the eye are left rough 
 
 1 An engraving of this statue is being prepared by Mr. J. G. Waller, for vol. 
 iii of the Collectanea Antiqua. 
 
 Actual size. 
 
 No. 1G. 
 
8 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 and unfinished, as well as carelessly designed; the left hand of this 
 statuette is very disproportionate. It is difficult to understand the 
 original condition of this figure, and the accessory objects which are 
 now wanting. It seems to be intended for an artisan of some kind, 
 at work; it may possibly be an armourer making a shield, or, quite 
 as likely, a baker with a large loaf of bread, and, as one or the other, 
 it may represent a character in some popular drama. The peculiar 
 curls of the head very much resemble those of Juba, king of 
 Mauretania, as they appear on his coins. 
 
 17. THIS diminutive piece of art seems, from 
 the perforations through the side and head, to 
 have formed an accessory figure to a group, or 
 it may have been merely an ornament, or 
 possibly a child's toy. 
 
 18. A SMALL Figure of a Hog, not 
 unlike the representations of that animal upon 
 the Gaulish coins. 
 
 19. A MINUTE Figure of a Dog, upon a stand. 
 
 20. FIGURE of an Eagle's Head, terminating the handle of 
 a knife. 
 
 21. A GOAT, in iron, plated with silver; the workmanship is 
 
 No. 21. Actual size. 
 
 No. 17. Actual size. 
 
ROMAN. BRONZES. 
 
 9 
 
 fine, and it affords an excellent example of the neat manner in 
 which the ancients coated the baser metals with the more precious. 
 It was found in the Thames. 
 
 22. CIRCULAR Plate, with Projecting Boss in the 
 Centre, representing a youthful human head. It has probably 
 been an ornament to a coffer or box. Diameter, one-and-a-half-inch. 
 
 23. FIGURE oe a Peacock, from the Thames, near London 
 Bridge. The tail, found separated, was in my possession upwards 
 of a twelvemonth before I could form any notion as to what it had 
 been intended for. But, being on the dredging barge one day, I 
 
 saw the body brought to the surface among the gravel, and imme- 
 diately identified it. I was soon enabled to prove that the pieces 
 actually fitted each other. At the back of the tail is a loop. 
 
 24. HEAD of a Wolf, or Dog, found in a mass of conglomerate 
 in the bed of the Thames, near London Bridge. It was a steel- 
 yard weight, and, like most of the weights of this description, has 
 been adjusted with lead, a patch of which is affixed behind the 
 
 Actual size. 
 
 ,o. 23. 
 
 C 
 
10 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 head. When found, the chain by which it was suspended to the 
 beam still remained on the loop between the ears ; but it was broken 
 off and lost before the head came into my possession. It is of good 
 work, and highly characteristic. 
 
 Actual size. 
 
 No. 24. 
 
 25. A VERY Elegant Handle of a Vase. The upper ex- 
 tremities, which embraced the rim of the vase, represent the heads 
 of birds, the eyes being of silver, as are also the small elevated 
 knobs of the foliage. From the Thames. 
 
 No. 25. 
 
 26. Fig. 1, Plate hi. PROW or a Galley, probably an ex 
 voto, or votive offering, suspended in a temple by some person who 
 had made a prosperous voyage. The ornament at the head was 
 called cheniscus (a Greek word), from its resemblance to the head 
 and neck of a goose ; at the bottom, just above the keel, projects 
 the rostrum, terminating in an animal's head. 
 
Plate III. 
 
 Fig. 1. 
 
 ORNAMENT IN STAMPED COPPER. 
 
ROMAN. — BRONZES. 
 
 11 
 
 27. A BRANCH or a Shrub, or Tree, which, from the 
 fasciculated leaves and cones, seems intended to represent the fir 
 or pine, which was sacred to Cybele, and to Pan. It appears to 
 have been fixed into a stand, probably as an accessory emblem to 
 a statuette. Found at Lothbury. 
 
 Actual size. 
 
 28. A CIRCULAR Ornament (Plate hi, Fig. 2), Embossed 
 with a Design of the Mystic Story of Romulus and 
 Remus Suckled by a Wolf. It is formed of a piece of plain 
 thin metal, in which copper largely predominates, shaped by 
 stamping, and afterwards finished by rude chasing and frosting 
 with a punch, and has been affixed apparently to wood. The birth 
 of the fabled founders of Rome was a favourite subject with the 
 ancient artists. It often occurs on coins as a type, as an ornament 
 on the shields of some of the Roman emperors on the obverses of 
 their coins, and on gems and other works of art. In this instance, 
 the story is more than usually illustrated by the introduction of the 
 
12 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 fig tree, the Rumina ficus of which Ovid tells us some remains were 
 in existence in his time : — 
 
 Arbor erat : remanent vestigia : queeque vocatur 
 
 Rumina nunc ficus, Eomula ficus erat. 
 Venit ad expositis (mirum) lupa foeta gemellos. 
 
 Constitit, et cauda teneris blanditur alumnis, 
 Et fingit lingua corpora bina sua. 
 
 Fasti, lib. ii, 1. 411. 
 
 The bird, no doubt, is intended for that which shared with 
 the wolf the honour of feeding the infant heroes : — 
 
 Lacte quis infantes nescit crevisse ferino, 
 Et picum expositis saepe tulisse cibos ? 
 
 Fasti, lib. iii, 1. 53. 
 
 It was found in Moorfields with a thin star-shaped piece of 
 similar metal, perforated in the centre. 
 
 29. ORNAMENTED Forceps, eleven-and-a-half inches in 
 length. It is composed of two shanks, which have been united at 
 the top by a moveable joint, on which the two limbs worked much 
 in the same way as the modern tongs. The shanks are serrated 
 on the inside, except at the handle, which, from two apertures 
 opposite each other, would seem to have been furnished with a 
 connecting piece of metal, to make the grasp firmer. Considerable 
 force appears to have been applied in using this instrument, as one 
 of the limbs has been broken and mended. The reparation has 
 been effected in a neat and peculiar manner. 
 
 The exterior sides of the forceps are covered with busts of 
 deities and heads of animals. The top of the right limb is sur- 
 mounted by a bust of Cybele ; that of the left, by one of Juno ; on 
 the semi-circular parts are heads of horses ; each of the shanks is 
 decorated with four busts, and the head of a bull ; the handles ter- 
 minate in heads of lions. The deities are Saturn, Apollo, or the 
 Sun, Diana, or Luna, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, and Vesta. 
 The arrangement shews that they are here especially regarded in their 
 planetary capacity as presiding over the days of the week; the 
 eighth figure being introduced to complete the number required by 
 the ancient Roman week. See Ausonius, Be Nominibus septem 
 Dierum. In the fine tessellated pavement at Bramdean, in Hamp- 
 
Plate IV. 
 
 ROMAN AMPHORA. 
 (discovered near lothbury, city.) 
 
ROMAN. — POTTERY. 
 
 13 
 
 shire, the same gods and goddesses are depicted. For other ex- 
 amples of this group, see Collectanea Antiqua, vol. ii, p. 60. The 
 forceps is engraved of the actual size in Archaologia, vol. xxx, 
 plate xxiv. 
 
 30. A COLUMNAR Ornament, in- 
 tended apparently to be fastened to 
 woodwork, such as that of a small chest 
 or box, in form of a house or temple. 
 It is cast hollow, and in form of a sec- 
 tion of a column. 
 
 iu; 
 
 31. A CORNUCOPIA, three inches 
 in length. 
 
 POTTERY. 
 
 32. AMPHORA (Plate iv), twenty- 
 eight inches in height, and twenty- one 
 inches in diameter. This is a very good 
 and perfect example of the large globular 
 amphora, such as, from the great num- 
 ber of fragments found, must have been 
 in common use for oil, wine, and other 
 stores preserved for domestic use. They 
 occur of various sizes ; but the most 
 usual forms are the globular and the 
 long narrow. They have invariably a 
 handle on each side of the neck, on 
 one of which the maker's name is usually 
 stamped. From their large size and 
 cumbrous shape, they were kept either Actual size. No.so. 
 
 in stands, or sunk into the earth in cellars 
 
 and storehouses. Caylus, in his Recueil (V Antiquites, torn, iv, plate 
 lviii, has figured an amphora, found in Italy, which was four inches 
 
14 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 thick, five feet six inches in height, and fifteen feet in circum- 
 ference, and capable of containing nearly six hogsheads of 
 liquor. 
 
 33. AN AMPHORA, of similar dimensions to No. 32, but from 
 which the neck and upper part of the body have been removed. It 
 is by no means an uncommon occurrence to find these vessels used 
 as cists or coffins for containing funeral urns ; and this specimen 
 seems to have been applied to that purpose. Mr. Charles, of Maid- 
 stone, possesses an example from a Roman cemetery near that 
 town, enclosed in which was a large glass vessel, filled with 
 burnt bones. 
 
 34. THE NECK, handles, and some fragments of the tall, 
 narrow kind of amphora, such as is engraved in Collect. Antiq., 
 vol. ii, pp. 26 and 27. 
 
 35. POTTERS' MARKS on the handles of amphorae :— 
 
 A.A.F. 
 
 E.A.GE. 
 
 CANT.QVESI ?. 
 
 AFRI. 
 
 HILARI. 
 
 FAVSTI.MVBI ? 
 
 BELLVCI. 
 
 /IIVN ? MELISSAE 
 
 ROMANI. 
 
 L.VI.BR. 
 
 {melisse. 
 
 L.V.ROPI.M. 
 
 C. 
 
 j E.IVNI ? 
 
 RVFSANI. 
 
 S.T.CA. 
 
 (melissi. 
 
 SAENNVS. 
 
 C.IV.R. 
 
 MPR. 
 
 SCALENS. 
 
 C.V.H. 
 
 MIM. 
 
 E.SER.SENC. 
 
 L.CES. 
 
 NYMPH. 
 
 C.SEMPOL. 
 
 CRADOS. 
 
 P.S.A. 
 
 L.S.SEX. 
 
 F.C.CVFIA. 
 
 POR I.AN. 
 
 E.C.SOL. 
 
 L.F.CRESCIV.FE ?. 
 
 Q.S.PI. 
 
 C.MARI.STIL. 
 
 EIPC. 
 
 CAT.QVIE. 
 
 S.VENNR. 
 
 ERU.IF. 
 
 CANTON. QV. 
 
 VALERI. 
 
 GMT. 
 
 CANTON. QV.ET. 
 
 V1BIOR. 
 
 36. MORTARIUM. This term has been applied to the broad 
 shallow pans such as is represented in the cut, which is eleven- 
 and-a-half inches in diameter, and three- and-a-half deep. It is 
 not, however, a strictly correct designation of these pans, as they 
 are too thin to be applied to the usual purposes of a mortar. At 
 
ROMAN. POTTERY. 
 
 15 
 
 the same time, they could be used for articles which required 
 gentle trituration, and very many of them bear evident marks of 
 friction : they appear also to have been used for seething or for 
 warming food upon a fire, being frequently found with the bottoms 
 worn or burnt away. The specimen shown in the cut below bears 
 the maker's name, sollvs, upon the rim. 
 
 No. 36. 
 
 37. A SIMILAR example, thirteen-and-a-half inches across the 
 top and four-and-a-half inches deep ; unstamped. 
 
 38. ANOTHER, sixteen inches by four-and-a-half ; stamped 
 moricam. fecit. These are uniformly made of a pale sandy clay, 
 approaching in texture and appearance our stone-ware. 
 
 39. MORTARIUM, in Red Clay, with which small gravel 
 has been incorporated, to give greater durability; stamped 
 
 A.TEREN i . , , 
 
 ripani ' eieven mcn es by three. 
 
 40. A SPECIMEN, made of 
 pale clay, with a mixture of 
 pounded red tile and white sili- 
 cious particles. 
 
 No. 40. 
 
 41. NUMEROUS varieties, including most of the examples 
 figured by Mr. LI. Jewitt, in plate v, vol. vi, of the Journal of the 
 British Archaeological Association. 
 
16 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 42. POTTERS' MARKS on Mortaria :— 
 
 ALBINUS 
 
 LITVCENI 
 
 SATVRNINVS 
 
 ALBINUS. FECIT 
 
 LVGVDI.F 
 
 Q.VA.SE 
 
 ANDID. FECIT 
 
 L.E.ECIT. 
 
 L. CAN. SEC. 
 
 AMMIVS 
 
 MARINVS. FECIT 
 
 SECYNDYS 
 
 APRILIS 
 
 MARTINVS.F. 
 
 STJLLYS.F 
 
 BRIXSA 
 
 MATVCENVS 
 
 TANIO 
 
 CAS 
 
 MATVCENS.F. 
 
 SEX.YAL. 
 
 CATVLVS.F 
 
 PRASSO.OF. 
 
 Q.YALC.F ) 
 
 DEVA . . 
 
 L.LVRIVS.PRISCVS 
 
 YEKANI.F j 
 
 DYBITATVS 
 
 P.P.R. 
 
 ESTNERT\ 
 
 DOINV 
 
 RIDANVS 
 
 Q.VALERI j 
 
 Q.VALERI ] 
 
 RIDANVS. M. 
 
 Q.VALERIVS) 
 
 ESNERTI j 
 
 RIPANI 
 
 VERANIVS j 
 
 LICINILVS 
 
 RVCCVS 
 
 T. . . S.VALETsT 
 
 
 
 VIALLA. 
 
 43. A DOUBLE-HANDLED Stone-Coloured Vessel, of 
 the kind which the Romans termed lagena, fifteen inches high, 
 and thirty-four in circumference, fig. 4, pi. v. 
 
 44. A VESSEL similar in form and material, ten inches high, 
 twenty-four inches in circumference. 
 
 45. ANOTHER, broken, twelve inches in height ; it resembles 
 Nos. 43 and 44, but is ribbed in double narrow bands at intervals, 
 and is narrow-mouthed. 
 
 46. EWER, or Water Jug { gutturnium J , in Straw- 
 Colour Clay, fifteen inches in height, and thirty-four in circum- 
 ference. The mouth was formed by compressing the clay when moist 
 so as to narrow the spout for pouring out the liquor in a stream 
 or in small quantities; fig. 1, pi. v. 
 
 47. VARIETIES of this peculiar kind of vessel. 
 
 48. NECKS and Mouths of similar. 
 
 49. URN-SHAPED vessel, with two small handles near the 
 mouth, seven inches high, and twenty-one in circumference ; in 
 stone-colour clay ; fig. 2, pi. v. 
 
Plate V. 
 
 Fig. 1. Fig. 2. 
 
 ROMAN EARTHEN VESSELS. 
 
ROMAN. POTTERY. 
 
 17 
 
 50. SIMILAR to the preceding, but of larger size. 
 
 51. SIMILAR to Nos. 46 and 49, but much smaller. 
 
 52. A TALL and elegantly-shaped vessel without handle, 
 twelve inches in height, and eighteen inches in circumference in 
 the widest part ; the body is of a grey colour, the lower parts 
 coloured black ; fig. 3, pi. v. 
 
 53. VESSEL iv Dark Slate-Coloured Clay, with orna- 
 mental lines in white, eleven inches high, and twenty-five inches 
 in circumference ; fig. 5, pi. v. 
 
 54. PITCHER-SHAPED Vase in Pale Clay, with handle, 
 ten-and-a-half inches high, and twenty-four inches in circum- 
 ference ; fig. 6, pi. v. 
 
 ALL the vessels shown in Plate v, with many more, were dis- 
 covered in the centre of what is now Moorgate Street, during 
 excavations for a sewer. These were deposited towards the bottom 
 of a square pit or well, twenty feet deep, the sides of which were 
 covered with planks. In it were also found a brass coin of Allectus, 
 the iron handle of a bucket, and an iron hook, resembling a modern 
 boat-hook. See Archceologia, vol. xxvii, p. 148. 
 
 55. VESSEL resembling fig. 1, pi. V, with ribbed neck, and 
 open mouth, eleven inches high, and twenty-four in circumference. 
 
 There are numerous varieties of this number, and of No. 54. 
 
 56. VESSEL, in Ash-Colour Clay, seven inches across the 
 
 Xo. 56. 
 
 D 
 
18 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 top, and five inches in height. Compare with fig. 3, plate vi, of 
 the Publications de la Societe pour la recherche et la conservation des 
 Monuments Historiques dans la Grand- Duche de Luxembourg, 
 annee 1851. 
 
 57. VARIETIES of No. 56, chiefly of smaller size. 
 
 58. URN, or Slate-Colour Clay, nine inches high, twenty- 
 four inches in circumference, and three inches across the mouth. 
 
 59. ANOTHER, eleven inches high, thirty-two in circumference, 
 and eleven inches across the mouth. Found in the Thames. 
 
 60. CINERARY Urn in Light Brown Clay, ten inches in 
 height, and twenty-eight inches in circumference, containing burnt 
 human bones. Found in the neighbourhood of Houndsditch. 
 
 61. ANOTHER, also containing burnt human bones, found on 
 the site of an ancient cemetery in Mansell Street, Whitechapel, 
 with ungue?itaria, lachrymatories, &c. 
 
 62. A SERIES of cups, ranging from 
 four to eight inches in height, the form 
 of which is indicated by the annexed 
 cut. 
 
 63. VARIETIES of the same pattern, 
 of various dimensions. 
 
 64. SIMILAR in form, nine inches in 
 height, and twenty inches in circum- 
 ference ; colour, a dull chocolate on a 
 white ground; found on the north of 
 Finsbury Circus, at the head of a 
 skeleton. 
 
 65. OF a lead colour, covered with a white reticulated pat- 
 tern. 
 
 66. IN PALE red earth, resembling a fir cone; three-and-a- 
 quarter inches in height. 
 
 No. 62. 
 
ROMAN. POTTERY. 
 
 19 
 
 67. TWO VESSELS in Red Earth, ornamented with masks 
 at the mouths ; they are precisely alike, 
 and measure seven inches in height, and 
 fourteen inches in circumference. They 
 were discovered, with many other remains, 
 on the site of an ancient burial place, in 
 Mansell Street, Whitechapel. 
 
 68. MASKS in Red Clay, which have 
 been affixed to vases, as shewn in No. 67 ; 
 that on the right hand, which is not so 
 well designed as the other, retains a por- 
 tion of a handle below the neck. Com- 
 pare with cuts on p. 74 of the Antiquities 
 of Richborough, JReculver, and Lymne. 
 
 No. 67 
 
 No. 68. Z\ inches in height. 
 
 69. SEVERAL small drinking cups, of which the annexed cut 
 of one in pale red clay, six inches in height, may serve as an 
 example. 
 
20 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 70. A CONSIDERABLE number of earthern vessels of a great 
 variety of form and pattern, but presenting a uniformity in material 
 and in the mode of manufacture. Many of the fictile vessels in 
 this collection have been coloured with metallic oxides, but the 
 class now referred to is distinguished by a peculiar black 
 colour, which appears to have been imparted to the clay by the 
 smoke of vegetable substances thrown down upon the vessels in 
 the kilns. Investigations made on the banks of the Medway, 
 opposite Upchurch, and towards Sheerness, have clearly shown 
 that the beds of clay which there abound, were extensively worked 
 by the Romans, and that, although the potters did not confine 
 themselves to the manufacture of this peculiar class, it nevertheless 
 constituted an extensive branch of their trade ; and we are justified, 
 from the immense quantities of fragments and entire vessels there 
 found, in concluding that this district of Cantium was the chief 
 depot for this peculiar ware. Accordingly, we find examples of 
 it much more numerous in the South-eastern and Midland parts 
 of England, and it is by no means of common occurrence in the 
 North. The examples here given will convey a better notion of 
 the general character of this class of pottery than any written des- 
 cription. The ornaments on some, as fig. 3 of the annexed cuts, 
 are incuse ; on others, as in figs. 1 and 2, they are raised. 
 
 As many of the examples found in London are fragmentary, the 
 collection contains, for the sake of comparison and illustration, 
 perfect specimens procured from the Upchurch Marshes. See 
 Journal of the British Archaeological Association, vol. ii., p. 132. 
 
 1. 3. 
 
 Height, 5J inches. Height, 5 inches. 
 
 No. 92. Upchurch Pottery. 
 
 71. NUMEROUS fragments of various kinds of pottery, equally 
 marked in character, but very different in form and ornamentation 
 to the Upchurch. They are best explained by reference to the 
 late Mr. Artis's " Durobrivse of Antoninus, identified and illus- 
 
ROMAN. 
 
 , POTTERY , 
 
 21 
 
 trated," and to my own illustrated remarks in the Journal of 
 the British Archaeological 
 Association, vol. i. It 
 is most probable the ves- 
 sels comprised in this 
 class were chiefly made 
 on the banks of the 
 Nen, in Northampton- 
 shire, where Mr. Artis 
 traced the debris of Ro- 
 man potteries for nearly 
 forty miles. It may be 
 remarked that they are 
 nearly all of peculiar 
 types, quite different 
 from those figured in the 
 above cuts. The remains 
 of Roman potteries have 
 also been found in the 
 Holt Forest, and at 
 Fordingbridge, in Hampshire, and the ware manufactured at each 
 of these localities presents many peculiarities, showing that local 
 circumstances, then as now, influenced the general character of the 
 fictile productions of different places, and thus enable us at once to 
 recognise and appropriate them. Of the various kinds of pottery 
 made by the Romans in Britain, the examples from Northampton- 
 shire are by far the most interesting and artistic. 
 
 Height, 6 inches. Actual size. 
 
 No. 71. Northamptonshire Pottery. (Found in London.) 
 
22 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 TERRA-COTTA LAMPS. 
 
 72. TWO very Small Earthen Lamps, with handles, two- 
 and-a-half inches in length. 
 
 73. THREE inches in length, with handle; on the bottom 
 
 ATIMETI. 
 
 74. ANOTHER with the same name, but without a handle. 
 
 75. FOUR inches in length, marked fortis. 
 
 76. THE same size j a small mask in the centre ; on the bottom, 
 attiim.f. 
 
 77. A WINGED Cupid, in the centre, fondling a dog. 
 
 78. A GLADIATORIAL Combat. 
 
 79. FEMALE Tragic Mask, of good design. 
 
 80. MULE in a Mill ; and a fragment of another similar. 
 
 81. LION seizing a Stag, 
 
 82. AN EAGLE, with Wings Extended ; behind the bird 
 is a bust of a togated figure holding a sceptre ; a design intended 
 to represent the apotheosis of an emperor. 
 
ROMAN. TERRA- COTTA LAMPS. 
 
 23 
 
 83. A SLAVE Kneeling. 
 
 84. A BEAR and an Alligator. (?) 
 
 85. AN ELEGANT Wreath of Flowers. 
 
 86. TWO Masks or Heads upon a stand. 
 
 87. LAMP with a Handle and Two Burners on the oppo- 
 site extremity. 
 
 88. A SMALL Lamp with Tavo Burners and a Crescent- 
 Shaped Handle. 
 
 89. LAMP, seven-and-a-half inches in length, with a burner at 
 each extremity [lucema bilychnis) ; — 
 
 etiam luceraa bilychnis de caraara pendebat. 
 
 Pctronius Arbiter, Sat., cap. xxx. 
 
 No. 89. 
 
 Found on the site of the new Royal Exchange, and presented by 
 Mr. James Wardell, of Leeds. 
 
 90. FRAGMENT ; on the bottom, evca (Eucaris). 
 
 91. LAMP Stands, in terra-cotta. 
 
 92. THE Lower Half of a Bronze Lamp, ornamented with 
 elegant foliage patterns. Found in the Thames. 
 
 93. BRONZE Apparatus for Suspending Lamps; dis- 
 covered at Nismes. It consists of chain-work, with a stand at the 
 lower extremity, and, at the upper, an iron fastening, which could 
 serve either as a nail or as a hook. 
 
2 4 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 RED GLAZED POTTERY, 
 
 COMMONLY CALLED SAMIAN. 
 
 This division includes many hundred examples of the peculiar 
 kind of pottery generally known by the term Samian, a name 
 which has apparently been misapplied, for recent discoveries decide 
 that most of the varieties were fabricated in Gaul and Germany, 
 and were not imported from Samos, as the name by which it is 
 known would seem to imply. 
 
 This pottery is distinguished by a superficial beautiful coralline 
 red colour, of great uniformity. The body is of a dull red colour, 
 finely worked, compact, and brittle in fracture. It is not only 
 superior to most of the other kinds of Roman pottery in the 
 fabrication, but it is also the material on which the greatest taste 
 in design and in ornamentation has been bestowed ; and while the 
 variety of vessels to which it has been applied appears inexhaustible, 
 it is difficult to select a single example which is not tasteful or 
 elegant. The small cup-shaped vessels and the patera? are mostly 
 quite plain ; the bowls are frequently richly ornamented, and both 
 usually bear the potters' names. Those which are embossed have 
 been formed in moulds, but in some cases the ornaments have been 
 partly stamped subsequently. There is also a rare variety of this 
 pottery of very superior execution, the ornaments of which have 
 been separately moulded and then applied to the vases. See 
 " Archseologia," vol. xxvii. ; "Journal of the British Archaeological 
 Association", vol. iv., and " Collectanea Antiqua," vol. i. 
 
 94. FLAT-BOTTOMED circular pan, one inch deep, five 
 inches in diameter. 
 
 No. 94. No. 05. 
 
 95. ANOTHER, one-and-a-quarter inches deep, four inches in 
 diameter. 
 
ROMAN. RED GLAZED POTTERY. 
 
 25 
 
 96. FRAGMENTS of similar vessels, which, though plain and 
 of simple outline, are neatly turned and finished, and are of rare 
 occurrence. 
 
 97. PLAIN Cup-shaped Vessel, three inches high. It is 
 particularly interesting as affording an example of the manner in 
 which the red pottery was glazed. All the specimens ranging 
 under the head of Samian, are glazed all over, but this cup has 
 been left unfinished on the inside, which is only streaked with the 
 thin bright glaze of the exterior ; the body is of the usual 
 compact, pale red clay. 
 
 98. VESSEL of elegant shape, and one of the rarest of the 
 class ; two inches deep, five-and-a-quarter inches across the top. 
 
 99. EQUALLY uncommon; of the same dimensions as No. 98. 
 
 No. 99. No. 100. 
 
 100. Is inscribed across the bottom on the inside virilis.f. 
 Cups of this shape (see cut on page 26) are common, and they are 
 usually marked with the potters' names. Height, two- and-a-quarter 
 inches ; four inches across the top. 
 
26 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 No. 101. 
 
 101. MANY examples of No. 101, and varieties. 
 
 102. CUP, five inches across the top, and two-and-a-half deep ; 
 across the bottom is stamped patekclvs.ee. This is another 
 common variety of the red glazed cups ; they are seldom larger 
 but frequently much smaller, and usually marked with the makers' 
 names. 
 
 103. OTHERS, similar in size, and also smaller. 
 
 104. BASIN-SHiiPED vessel, with a projecting overlapping 
 rim an inch from the top, three and a-half inches deep, and seven 
 and a-half inches in diameter. The same potter's name as on No. 
 102 is imprinted in the centre, slightly differing in the ortho- 
 graphy, paterclos.e. (Paterculus). Found near St. Thomas's 
 Hospital, in Southwark, and presented by Mr. William A. Waller. 
 
 105. NUMEROUS fragments of vessels, resembling No. 104 in 
 pattern, but varying in size. 
 
 106. FRAGMENTS of others, externally of a pale, dull, 
 yellowish red, and of a body less compact. These appear to be of 
 native manufacture. Indeed, a fragment precisely similar is among 
 some specimens of the pottery found on the site of Roman kilns 
 discovered near Fordingbridge, Hants, by the Rev. J. P. Bartlett, 
 and presented by him to me. 
 
 z. 
 
 5> 
 
 No. 101. 
 
ROMAN. RED GLAZED POTTERY. 
 
 27 
 
 107. CUP-SHAPED Vessel, four and a half inches across the 
 top, and two inches deep. The upper part is neatly worked in a 
 pattern not unlike those termed engine-turned on the modern 
 watch cases. 
 
 No. 107. No. 108. 
 
 108. THREE inches in diameter, and one and a quarter incli 
 deep; across the bottom saly.f. 
 
 109. SLIGHT variations of Nos. 107 and 108. 
 
 110. TWO inches high, and four and a half inches wide; the 
 projecting rim ornamented with ivy leaves. These elegant cups are 
 not uncommon of this size. 
 
 No. 110. 
 
 111. TEN inches wide, and three and a half inches deep ; a 
 very fine example, and, considering its size, of rare occurrence. 
 
 No. 111. 
 
 112. FRAGMENTS of Vases, in dimensions intermediate be- 
 tween Nos. 110 and 111. 
 
'28 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 113. PATERA, seven inches in diameter, one and a-half inch 
 deep : in the centre, of.pontei. The red paterae of this form 
 are very frequently discovered with Roman remains. In ancient 
 burial places^ a group of urns usually includes a patera, and a 
 cup such as No. 101. 
 
 No. 113. 
 
 114. SEVERAL others, varying slightly in size and pattern. 
 
 115. EXAMPLES oe Paterae, of inferior material, and of a 
 much paler glaze ; probably made in Britain. Some curious speci- 
 mens, evidently of local manufacture, were found near Colchester. 
 See engravings, p. 35, vol. ii, Collectanea Antigua. 
 
 116. AN unusually large example, ten inches wide and two 
 inches deep ; the potter's name, oe.modesti, stamped in the centre, 
 is surrounded by a neat engine-turned border. It was found in 
 Cheapside, near St. Paul's Churchyard. 
 
 Fig. 116. 
 
 117. FRAGMENTS of small cup-shaped patera?, with longi- 
 tudinal handles on the outer rim; some are ornamented with 
 leaves like No. 110. 
 
 118. FRAGMENT of the lower part of an elegantly-shaped 
 vessel, of the usual bright red colour, with white ornaments in 
 relief. I have never seen another example of this peculiar variety. 
 
 119. FRAGMENTS or ornamented Bowls. The embossed 
 
Plate VI. 
 
 RED GLAZED ROMAN VASE, WITH FIGURES IN 
 HIGH RELIEF. 
 
 (found IN CO en hill.) 
 
ROMAN. — RED GLAZED POTTERY, 
 
 29 
 
 foliage covers a broad overhanging rim or band, which is only 
 connected to the bowl at the top. 
 
 120. FRAGMENTS of Bowes, of similar shape but quite 
 plain, twelve inches in diameter, and five inches deep. The lower 
 part of the interior is, in most instances, covered with very small 
 white stones, evidently added to give strength to the body, and 
 to counteract friction or trituration. 
 
 121. VARIETIES; some with lions' heads on the upper part 
 of the outside, with orifice through the mouth. 
 
 122. PORTIONS of Vessels, such as Nos. 101 and 107, of 
 a fine well-prepared clay, resembling that of which the pottery of 
 the class under consideration is composed, but glazed of a yel- 
 lowish colour, streaked with red, and resembling marble. These 
 specimens are so extremely rare, that I have never met with other 
 examples. 
 
 123. Plate vi. This VASE, unfortunately not perfect, is about 
 eleven inches in height. It was found in Cornhill; and it is rather 
 remarkable, that the pieces were brought me by different persons, 
 and at some intervals of time. It is of a class very superior to the 
 ordinary embossed red pottery, and so rare that I only know of 
 one other example besides those in this collection, which are de- 
 scribed in this and the following numbers. The figures on this 
 vase, and most of the ornaments, have been separately moulded 
 and affixed while moist; the glaze was then added, and the vase 
 carefully baked in the kiln. The central compartment is occupied 
 by figures and vine foliage. There were originally four figures, 
 probably two male and two female, placed equidistant from each 
 other ; there only remains a nude and graceful youthful male per- 
 sonage holding two hunting spears, and two draped female figures, 
 seated ; at the feet of one of the latter is an amphora, and by the 
 side of the other an Amazonian shield. Above is a band filled with 
 figures of rabbits, vine leaves, and grapes ; and below, one with 
 vine foliage and birds. 
 
 Since the foregoing note was penned, I have noticed frag- 
 ments of a vase in the Evreux Museum so closely resembling 
 the London specimen that they appeared to be from the same 
 mould. 
 
30 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 124. FRAGMENTS of similar Vases; the figures are in 
 high relief, and modelled with great skill and effect. 
 
 125. FIVE Fragments, with portions of a figure of Hercules, 
 a female figure seated in a chair, birds and a vase of fruit, and 
 foliage. 
 
 126. Plate vii, Fig. 1. FIGURE of an imperial Per- 
 sonage, clad in an embroidered tunic and paludamentum. 
 
 127. Plate vii, Fig. 2. WINGED Genius or Cupid, of 
 excellent workmanship. 
 
 The following numbers refer to the pottery commonly known as 
 the embossed Samian. They are moulded, but in many instances 
 they appear to have been afterwards partially stamped and finished 
 with the graving tool. The figures, although not in the high relief 
 of those on the examples described above, are very frequently well 
 designed, and the ornaments tastefully arranged. 
 
 128. BOWL, four inches in height, and seven and a-half inches 
 
 Actual size. 
 
Plate VII. 
 
 Fig. 2. 
 
 FIGUKES, IN HIGH EE LIEF, FEOM EED GLAZED 
 EOMAN VASES. 
 
 {Of Hie. actual size.) 
 
ROMAN. RED GLAZED POTTERY. 
 
 31 
 
 in diameter ; found in Church Street, Bermondsey. It is orna- 
 mented with lions and wild boars, in three equidistant compart- 
 ments ; the other portions of the exterior are filled with bands of 
 foliage and beads, the whole being surmounted by a pattern of 
 festoons and tassels, almost peculiar to these vases. 
 
 129. BOWL, decorated with festoons, enclosing animals of 
 various kinds ; above are winged genii and warriors ; height four 
 and a-half inches, diameter eight inches. 
 
 130. STAG and Trees; this bowl, three and a-half inches 
 high, and eight inches in diameter, has been broken in ancient 
 times, and neatly riveted with lead. 
 
 131. FOLIAGE and Birds; three and a-quarter inches in 
 height, eight and a-half inches in diameter. This specimen has 
 the name of the potter, of.frontini, in the centre, repeated on 
 the exterior in a different type and incuse, frontini. 
 
 132. AN exceedingly elegant scroll; below, dogs chasing stags. 
 
 133. DOGS and Wild Boars ; below, bands of foliage and 
 flowers, with rabbits interspersed. The exterior of this bowl is 
 occupied by two bands, the upper filled with stags and foliage, the 
 lower with dogs chasing deer. 
 
 134. BOARS, Tigers, and Deer, divided by foliage; below a 
 border of birds and festoons, and a wreath. 
 
 135. BOWL, with two compartments : the upper composed of 
 goats and dogs, separated by groups of ornaments resembling 
 arrow-heads; the lower by bunches of leaves and capsules, and 
 birds in wreathed circles : three and a-half inches high, diameter 
 eight inches. 
 
32 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 136. BROAD Wreath of Foliage; below, lions running in 
 opposite directions ; height four inches, diameter eight inches. 
 
 137. FRAGMENTS, richly ornamented with figures of stags, 
 dogs, and lions. 
 
 138. HUNTING subjects; men armed with spears attacking 
 wild beasts. 
 
 139. STAGS among Foliage and Trees. 
 
 140. DOGS Pursuing Stags, Boars, and Hares. Some of 
 the dogs on these vases closely resemble our greyhounds ; others 
 are more like the cross-breed, between the greyhound and the 
 sheep dog. The Romans imported hunting dogs from Britain : — 
 
 catulos divisa Britannia mittit 
 
 Veloces, nostrique orbis venatibus aptos. 
 
 Nemesiani Cynegeticon, 1. 124. 
 
 141. FRAGMENTS with representations of men attacking 
 animals ; on one a man with a club is about to strike down a bull ; 
 on another, a person armed with a shield and an axe is attacking 
 a similar beast. 
 
 No. 141. 
 
 142. SCROLLS, with animals interwoven. 
 
 143. FRAGMENT of a fine large bowl, embossed with eagles, 
 foliage, and hares. 
 
 144. FRAGMENT, covered with stags, dogs, apes, horses, 
 birds, and other animals ; of inferior work. 
 
ROMAN. — RED GLAZED POTTERY. 
 
 33 
 
 145. FRAGMENT, with stag and an ornament composed of 
 leaves tied together, remarkably like the heraldic Jleur-de-lis. 
 
 146. CUP-SHAPED Vessel, ornamented with trees and 
 animals ; height three-and-three-quarter inches. 
 
 147. FRAGMENTS of Cup, similar in shape, but decorated 
 with different designs. 
 
 148. SCROLL-WORK, filled alternately with nude figures of 
 men, and with vine leaves and grapes. 
 
 149. VINE, with pendant clusters of grapes. 
 
 150. VINE combined with ivy. 
 
 Lenta quibus torno facili superaddita vitis 
 Diffusos edera vestit pallente corymbos. 
 
 Virg. Eel. iii. 1. 38. 
 
 151. STRAWBERRY-LEAF Pattern. 
 
 152. NUMEROUS varieties of foliated scrolls. 
 
 153. BOWL ornamented with trees, resembling the fir, and a 
 peculiar object enclosed in circles; height four-and-a-half inches, 
 diameter eight inches. 
 
34 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 154. FRAGMENT or a Bowl very similar, but cast in a 
 different mould. It is particularly interesting, as shewing, by com- 
 parison with No. 142, that the figures were often stamped upon 
 the vases by seals or matrices. Thus, the trees on these two ex- 
 amples are identical; but the objects in the circles on No. 142 are 
 here replaced by winged Cupids, and stamped beneath. 
 
 155. A VERY elegant scroll of vine leaves, with a double im- 
 press of the maker's name, cinnami. 
 
 156. FRAGMENTS of Vessels, with foliated patterns. 
 
 157. Plate viii, Fig. 2. PERPENDICULAR Vase, eight 
 inches high, and eight inches in diameter, embossed with birds, 
 leaves, kneeling men, and masks. 
 
 158. Plate viii, Fig. 1. THE figures on this bowl are Diana 
 and Minerva, and Hercules and Bacchus ; in another compartment 
 is a well-designed male figure holding a wine cup, and in two others 
 are Satyrs and Nymphs. It is five-and-a-half inches in height, 
 and nine inches in diameter. Handles have been affixed to the sides. 
 
 159. FRAGMENT, with Hercules in the garden of the 
 Hesperides. 
 
 160. HERCULES seated; strangling the hydra, etc. 
 
 161. DAPHNE FLYING FROM APOLLO. 
 
 162. ACTION and Diana. 
 
 163. APOLLO and Diana; the full draped figure of Apollo 
 
Plate VIII. 
 
 Fig. i. 
 
 Fig. 2. 
 
 RED GLAZED ROMAN VASES. 
 
ROMAN. RED GLAZED POTTERY. 
 
 35 
 
 with the lyre is particularly graceful, and resembles that of the 
 well known statue in the Vatican. 
 
 164. HERCULES killing the Hydra; Diana with bow and a 
 dead hare ; nude figures with shields and swords ; all of these 
 groups are well designed. A cup, four-and-half inches high, six- 
 and-a-quarter inches in diameter. 
 
 165. BACCHUS and Nymphs, in a scroll of vine branches. 
 
 166. NUDE Male Figures seated on chairs, playing the harp. 
 On one fragment, the potter's name, cinnami, is stamped, on the 
 outside. This name occurs frequently on the embossed pottery. 
 
 167. PYGMIES and Cranes in Combat. 
 
 Pygmseus parvis currit bellator in armis. 
 
 Juv. Sat., xiii, 1. 168. 
 
 168. BACCHUS and Tiger; Luna Lucifera in abiga; Genii 
 with torches, etc. 
 
 169. VICTORY extending a Wreath towards Diana. 
 
 170. LUNA Lucifera in a Biga. 
 
 171. PALLAS standing ben eath an arch with ornamented columns . 
 
 172. FIGURE of Victory in full and flowing drapery, with 
 palm branch and wreath, standing beneath an arch with orna- 
 mented columns. 
 
36 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 173. VENUS. 
 
 174. CUPIDS interspersed among foliage and birds. 
 
 175. CUPIDS riding on sea-horses. 
 
 176. CUPIDS, with hares and kids, etc. 
 
 177. CUPIDS with torches and thyrsi. 
 
 178. CUPIDS variously personified, standing under arches with 
 twisted columns. 
 
 179. WINGED Genii holding festoons. 
 
 180. WINGED Genii in various attitudes and groups, some 
 remarkably well designed. 
 
 181. BOWL decorated with Fauns carrying fruits and double- 
 handled cups under arches with twisted columns; vases, leaves, 
 and other ornaments ; five-and-a-half inches deep, eight-and-a- 
 half inches in diameter. Found in White Hart Court, Bishopsgate. 
 
 No. 181. 
 
 182. CUP covered with a foliated scroll, in the volutes of which 
 are tigers raising their heads towards bunches of grapes ; among 
 the ornaments is the maker's name, mascvlvs. f. 
 
 183. BACCHANALIAN processions ; Satyrs, Nymphs, etc. 
 
ROMAN.— BED GLAZED POTTERY. 
 
 37 
 
 184. DANCING girls in loose flowing vestments, resembling 
 those in wall-paintings at Pompeii. 
 
 185. SATYRS, Fauns, and Nymphs. 
 
 186. SILENUS, Satyrs, and Fauns. In the example shewn 
 by the annexed cut, the Faun in the centre is drinking from a 
 horn, and he holds in his left hand a wine-skin. 
 
 No. 186. Two-thirds the size of the original. 
 
 187. A VERY similar design, probably by the same potter, on 
 a smaller vessel, with the addition of Nymphs and a figure of 
 Priapus. 
 
 188. FRAGMENTS of very small cups, decorated with Satyrs 
 and Fauns dancing. 
 
 189. CUP with designs of flower buds and cordage; in a cir- 
 cular compartment a flying Cupid playing on the double flute. 
 
 190. GRIFFINS and double-handled vase, a common design on 
 ancient frescoes and sculptures. 
 
38 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 191. FRAGMENTS with sphynges, hippocampi, griffins, tritons, 
 fishes, etc. 
 
 192. FRAGMENTS with representations of the Wolf and 
 Twins, Anubis, winged Genius, or Victory, on an altar, etc. The 
 last, a very graceful design, is shewn in the annexed cut. 
 
 193. GALLEYS, Quadrigas. 
 
 194. TREES and Masks, with dogs ; the former may possibly 
 be explained by the oscilla offered to Bacchus, to procure fertility 
 to the vines : 
 
 195. VASE, four inches in height, and eight inches in diameter, 
 ornamented with gladiatorial fights. It constitutes one of a rather 
 extensive series, illustrative of a favourite sport of the Roman 
 Amphitheatre j the figures of the various kinds of gladiators are 
 characteristic, and appear to have been done with attention to 
 propriety of costume. Thus, the Retiarius with his trident in the 
 group on this vessel agrees perfectly with historical notices, as well 
 as with other ancient representations, in being dressed in a simple 
 tunic, and with the head uncovered. In this instance he wears on 
 his left arm the light lunated shield called pelta. In the well known 
 examples from Pompeii, engraved by Mazois, the left shoulder of 
 the Retiarius is defended by a square piece of armour ; but on the 
 
 No. 192. 
 
 Et te, Bacche, vocant per carmina lseta, tibique 
 Oscilla ex alta suspendunt mollia pinu. 
 
 Virg. Geor. lib. ii. 1. 389. 
 
ROMAN. RED GLAZED POTTERY. 
 
 39 
 
 Bignor pavement the pelta is introduced on the arm of the 
 Retiarius. Found in Church Street, Bermondsey. 
 
 196. FRAGMENT with a Retiarius and a Secutor. Here the 
 former is armed only with the trident. The net which also 
 appears on the bas-reliefs of Pompeii and on the Bignor pavement, 
 is not introduced in any of the fictile representations in this 
 collection. 
 
 197. THE figures on this fragment appear to be Thraces or 
 gladiators armed with the curved swords and small shields used by 
 the Thracians. Both the legs of each combatant are protected by 
 greaves, and the right arms are also shielded by a kind of armour, 
 or by bands of leather. 
 
 198. FRAGMENT shewing three different kinds of gladiators. 
 The figure on the extreme left may possibly be a Samnite, armed 
 with a large oblong shield, and the left leg protected by a greave, 
 as described by Livy (ix, 40) ; the retreating figure (within the 
 festoon) is armed with a short straight Roman sword ; the other 
 bears a small round shield, and, with the exception of the legs, is 
 without armour. It is well known that much of this pottery was 
 manufactered in Gaul, and in that province from early times gladi- 
 atorial combats were as popular as the English prize-fights, and in 
 these degrading exhibitions captives were often doomed to take part. 
 It is probable that distinctions in the different kinds of gladiators, 
 as regards costume and weapons, were often much modified if not 
 abandoned altogether ; we must therefore regard these pictures as 
 
 No. 196. 
 
 No. 197. 
 
40 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 originating in scenes familiar to the artist, and such as would be 
 generally recognized. 
 
 No. 198. 
 
 199. FRAGMENTS representing the last scenes of combats. 
 In the one, the gladiator with the oblong shield appears to be 
 wounded and awaiting the death-stroke; in the other the vanquished 
 fighter raises his hand to invoke the mercy of the spectators. 
 
 No. 199. No. 199. 
 
 200. NUMEROUS other examples, exhibiting some variety in 
 the costume and mode of fighting. 
 
 201. VASES and fragments with immodest representations. 
 
 202. DESIGNS of inferior workmanship, probably of late date. 
 
 203. EXAMPLES of the various kinds of scrolls found on the 
 red glazed pottery. 
 
 204. FRAGMENTS of red glazed vases inferior in design, but 
 in other respects similar to the foregoing. Perfect examples, 
 found at Boulogne-sur-mer, are etched in plate iv, vol. i, 
 
 Collectanea Antiqua. 
 
ROMAN. POTTERS STAMPS. 
 
 41 
 
 205. POTTERS' STAMPS 
 
 
 ON THE 
 
 
 
 RED GLAZED 
 
 VESSELS. 
 
 A 
 
 ALBVCIANI 
 
 ATILIAN. OF 
 
 OF. ABALI 
 
 ALBVS. FE 
 
 ATILIANVS. F 
 
 OF. ABARI 
 
 AMANDO 
 
 ATTICI. M 
 
 ABALANIS 
 
 AMARILIS. F 
 
 AVCELIA. F 
 
 ABIANT 
 
 AMATOR 
 
 AYGVSTALIS 
 
 ABILI. M 
 
 AMATORIS 
 
 AVGVSTINVS 
 
 ACCILINVS. F 
 
 AMMIVS. F 
 
 AVLIVS. F 
 
 A. C. E. R. 0. 
 
 ANNLOS. F 
 
 AYSTRI. M 
 
 ACVRIO. F 
 
 ANVNI. M 
 
 AVSTVS. F 
 
 ACVTVS 
 
 A. POL. AVSTI 
 
 AVENTINI. M 
 
 ADIVTORI 
 
 APOEAVCIR 
 
 AVITI. M 
 
 ADVOCISI. OF 
 
 OF. APRILIS 
 
 AYITOS. OF 
 
 AELIANI. M 
 
 OF. APRIS 
 
 AVITVS 
 
 AIIEIANI. M 
 
 OF. APRO 
 
 
 AEQYIR. F 
 
 APRONIS 
 
 B 
 
 iEQYR. F 
 
 AQVIT 
 
 BALBINVS. F 
 
 AESTIVI. M 
 
 AGVIT 
 
 BANOETCCt 
 
 AIISFIVI. M (?) 
 
 OF. AQYITA 
 
 BASSI 
 
 AITSTIYI. M 
 
 OF. AQVITANI 
 
 OF. BASSI 
 
 AISTIVI. M 
 
 ARACI. MA 
 
 OF. BASSICO 
 
 AGEDILEI. 
 
 ARDAC 
 
 BELINICI 
 
 AGEEDIELVS. F 
 
 ARGO. F 
 
 BEL1NICCI. M 
 
 OF. ALBAN 
 
 ARICI. M 
 
 BELINICCVS. F 
 
 OF. ALBANT 
 
 ARICI. MA 
 
 BENNICCI. M 
 
 ALBANI. M 
 
 ARRO 
 
 BENNICI. M 
 
 ALBILLI. M 
 
 ASCILLI. M 
 
 BILEICI 
 
 ALBINI. MA 
 
 ASIATICI. M 
 
 BIGA. FEC 
 
 ALBVCI 
 
 ATILIANI. M 
 
 BIELIC. OF 
 
 G 
 
42 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 OFIC. BILICANI 
 
 ( ? ) 
 
 CARANT 
 
 CIVPPI. M 
 
 OFIC. BILICAT 
 
 
 CARANTINI. M 
 
 CLEMENS 
 
 BIO. FECIT 
 
 
 CARETI. M 
 
 COBNERTI. M 
 
 BL.AESI 
 
 
 CARBONIS. M 
 
 COBNERTVS 
 
 BOINICCI. M 
 
 
 CARIKVS 
 
 COCCIL. M 
 
 BONOXVS. F 
 
 
 CARVSSA 
 
 COCCILLI. M 
 
 BORILLI. M 
 
 
 CASSIA. OF 
 
 COCVRNV. F 
 
 BORILLI. OF 
 
 
 CASSIVS. F 
 
 COCVRO 
 
 BORRILLI. OFFIC 
 
 CASTVS 
 
 COCVRO. F 
 
 BORVSI. FE 
 
 
 CASTVS. F 
 
 COLLO. F 
 
 BOVTI. M 
 
 
 CASYRIVS. F 
 
 COLLON 
 
 BRICCI 
 
 
 CATASEXTVS. F 
 
 COLON 
 
 BRICC. M 
 
 
 CATIANVS 
 
 COMITIALIS 
 
 BVRDO. F 
 
 
 CATVCI 
 
 COMITIALIS. F 
 
 BVTRIV. 
 
 
 CATVLII 
 
 COMPRINNI. M 
 
 
 
 CAVPI. .. FECI 
 
 CONGI. M 
 
 C 
 
 
 OF. CE 
 
 CONSTANS. F 
 
 CABIAN 
 
 
 CELSIANI. F 
 
 CONSTAS. F 
 
 CADDIRON 
 
 
 L. C. CELSI. 
 
 COSAXTIS. F 
 
 CAI. M. S 
 
 
 CELTAS. FC 
 
 COSIA. F 
 
 CA1VS. F 
 
 
 CENSORI 
 
 COSI. R. . . 
 
 OF. CAI. ITT. 
 
 
 CENSORINI 
 
 COSIRVFIN 
 
 CAI. M. S. 
 
 
 OF. CENSO 
 
 F. L. COS. V 
 
 CALETI. M 
 
 
 OF. CERA 
 
 COSMI. M 
 
 T.CALIXA 
 
 
 CERIAL. F 
 
 OF. COTTO 
 
 CAIMTA. F 
 
 
 CERIAEIS 
 
 CRACIS. M 
 
 CALYI. M 
 
 
 CERIAL. M 
 
 CRACISA. F 
 
 OF. CAE 
 
 
 CERTVS. F 
 
 CRACVNA. F 
 
 OF. CALVI 
 
 
 CETI 
 
 CRASSIACYS. F 
 
 CALVINI. M 
 
 
 CHRESI. M 
 
 OF. CREM 
 
 CAMBVS. F 
 
 
 CIAMAT. F 
 
 OF. CRES 
 
 CAMPANO 
 
 
 CINNAMI 
 
 OF. CRESI 
 
 CAMTI. M 
 
 
 CINTIRIO. M 
 
 M. CRESTI. 
 
 CANAI. M 
 
 
 CINTVAGENI 
 
 CRIMVS. FE 
 
 CAN. PATR 
 
 
 CINT. YGENT 
 
 CROBRO. F 
 
 CANRVCATI 
 
 
 CIN.T.VSSA 
 
 CRVCVR 
 
 CAPRASIAS. FE 
 
 
 CINTVSMI. M 
 
 CRVCVRO 
 
 CAPRASIVS 
 
 
 CINTVSMV. 
 
 CVCALI. M 
 
 CARANI 
 
 
 CINTVSMVS. F 
 
 CVCCILLI. M 
 
 CARANI. F 
 
 
 CIRRI. M 
 
 CVNI.IA. F 
 
 OF. CARAN 
 
 
 CIRRVS. FEC 
 
 
ROMAN. POTTERS' STAMPS. 
 
 DAGO 
 
 DAGODVBNVS. F 
 DAGOMARVS 
 DAGOMARVS. F 
 DAGOMARVS. FE 
 DACOIMNVS. F 
 DAMINI. M 
 DAMONVS 
 DAVICI. M 
 DECMI. M 
 DECVMINI. M 
 DIGNVS. 
 DIOGNATO 
 DIVICATI. M 
 DIVICATVS 
 DIVICI. M 
 DIVIX 
 DIVIXI 
 D1VIXTVL 
 DOCALI. M 
 DOCCIVS. F 
 DOLIC. ? 
 DOMETOS. F 
 DOMINCI 
 DOMINICI 
 DOMITIANVS. F 
 DOMITVS 
 DONATVS 
 DONNA. M 
 DONNAVG 
 DOVIICCVS 
 DRAVCYS. F 
 DVRINX 
 E 
 
 ELVILLI 
 EPPA 
 ERICI. M 
 EROR 
 ERRIMI 
 ETVS. F 
 
 F 
 
 OF. FAGE 
 FALENDI. O 
 FELIX. F. 
 FELIXS. F 
 FEEICIONS 
 FELICIO. 
 OF. FELICIS 
 FELICIONIS 
 O. FELMA 
 FESTVS. F 
 O. FIRMONIS 
 FIVI. M 
 FRONTINVS 
 O. FRONTI 
 O. FRONTIN1 
 
 G 
 
 GABRVS. F 
 GAIVS. F 
 GALBINVS. F 
 GEMINI 
 GEMINI. M 
 GENITOR. F 
 GENIALIS. FECI 
 G.E.N.I.T.O.R. F 
 GENIV. 
 GERMAN!. OF 
 GERMANVS 
 OFF. GER 
 GLVPEI. M 
 GONDI. M 
 GRACCHYS 
 GRANANI 
 GRANI 
 GRANIANI 
 
 H 
 
 HABILIS. F 
 
 HELI. . . VS. PI. FE 
 
 HELL. . . . S. FE 
 
 HIBI. . . . 
 I 
 
 IABI 
 
 IABVS. FE 
 IANVARI. OF 
 IASSO. F 
 ICMCRIMO. F 
 ILLIANI. M 
 ILLIOMRIN 
 IMANN. 
 IMANN. 
 INPRITV. F 
 IOENALIS 
 IOYANTI 
 ISABINI. F 
 IVENALIS. MA 
 OF. IVCVN 
 IVSTI. MA 
 OF. IVSTI 
 
 KALENDI. O 
 
 OF. LABIONIS 
 LALLI. MA 
 LANCIV. . . 
 LATINIAN. F 
 LATINIANVS 
 LATINVS 
 LIBERIVS 
 LIBERTVS 
 LIBERTI. M 
 OF. LICINI 
 OF. LICINIAN 
 LICINILVS 
 LICINVS. F 
 LICNVS 
 LINIVSMIX 
 LOCCO. F 
 LOGIRN. M 
 
44 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 LOLLIYS. F 
 EOSSA 
 IVCANV8 
 EVCANVS. F 
 EVCANTVS. F 
 OF. LYCCEI 
 EVPEI. M 
 EYPI. M 
 EVPINI. M 
 LVFPA 
 EVTAEVS 
 EVTAEVS. FEC 
 EVTAFVS. 
 
 M 
 
 MACCAIVS. F 
 MACCIVS. F 
 MACIELI. M 
 MACIFvVS 
 MACRI. M 
 MACRINVI 
 MACRINVS 
 MACRIANI. M 
 MAGNVS. F 
 MAIANYS 
 M. AIOIBI. M 
 MAIOBIS 
 MALLI. M 
 MAEEIACI 
 MAEEIACI. M 
 MALLICI. M 
 MALLVRO F 
 MANDYIL. M 
 OF. MANNA 
 Q. MAE. F 
 MARCELLI. M 
 MAKCIILEI. M 
 MARCELLINI. M 
 MARCI 
 MAE.CI. F 
 MARCI. MA 
 
 MAPCI. O 
 MARINI. M 
 MARITVS. M 
 MABOIELI. M 
 MAFSVS. FECI 
 MABTANI. M 
 MARTIALIS. FEC 
 MARTINI. M 
 MARTINV 
 MARTINVS. F 
 MARTII. O 
 MARTIVS 
 MASCVEVS. F 
 MATERNINVS 
 MATERNNI. M 
 OF. MATE 
 MATRIANI 
 MATVCENVS 
 MATVRN 
 MAXIMI 
 MAXMII. M 
 MAXMINI 
 MEMORIS. M 
 MERCA 
 MERCATOR 
 MERCATOR. M 
 MEDETI.' M 
 METHILLVS 
 METTI. M 
 M1CCIO 
 MICCIONIS. M 
 MIDI. M 
 OF. MINI 
 MINVLI. M 
 MINVS. FE 
 MINVS. O 
 MINVTIVS. F 
 OF. MO 
 OF. MODESTI 
 OF. MOE 
 O. MOM 
 
 OF. MONTI 
 MOSSI. M 
 MOXIYS 
 OF. MVRRA 
 OF. MVRRANI 
 MVXTVLI. M 
 
 N 
 
 NAMIEIANI 
 NATALIS 
 O. NATIV1 
 OF. NEM 
 NEPOTIS 
 NERT. M 
 NERTVS. 
 OF. NERI 
 NICEPHOR 
 NICEPHOR. F 
 OF. NI 
 OF. NIGRI 
 OF. NIGRIAN 
 NIGRINI 
 OF. NITORI 
 NOP.IEIANI. M 
 NVMIDI. M 
 IVE. NVMIDI 
 
 O 
 
 OPTATI. M 
 OSBI. MA 
 
 P 
 
 PASSENI 
 PASSIENI 
 OF. PASSIENI 
 OF. PASSIENVS 
 O. PAS. F (?) 
 PAVEIVS. F 
 PAVLI. M 
 PAYLIANI. M 
 PAVLLI. M 
 

 ROMAN. POTTERS 
 
 STAMPS. 
 
 PAVELVS. F 
 
 PEIMVL. PATER 
 
 ROPPVS. FE 
 
 PATER. F 
 
 OFIC. PRIM 
 
 ROPPIRVI. M 
 
 PATERATI. OF 
 
 OF. PRIMVL (?) 
 
 RVFFI. MA 
 
 PATERCEINI. OF 
 
 OF. PRM 
 
 RVFINI 
 
 PATERCEOS. FEC 
 
 PRIVATI. M 
 
 OF. RYFIN 
 
 PATEPvCLYS. F 
 
 OF. PVDEN 
 
 RVFVS. FE 
 
 PATERIRANVS. FIT 
 
 PVTRI. M 
 
 S 
 
 PATERNI 
 
 
 SABELLVS 
 
 PATERNI. OF 
 
 Q 
 
 SABELVI 
 
 PATERNYLI 
 
 QVADRATI 
 
 SABINVS 
 
 PATIIRNV 
 
 QVADRATVS 
 
 OFF. SAB 
 
 PATRCIINI 
 
 QYARTVS 
 
 SACERVASIII 
 
 PATNA. FEC 
 
 QVARTVS. F 
 
 SACER. VASI. OF 
 
 PATNI. FEC 
 
 QVIETVS. F 
 
 SACIANT 
 
 PATRC h EINI 
 
 QVINNO 
 
 SABINIANYS. F 
 
 PATRICI. M 
 
 QVINTINI. M 
 
 SACIRAPO 
 
 C. AN. PATH 
 
 QV. C 
 
 SACREM 
 
 OF. PATE.C 
 
 
 SACROTI. M 
 
 OF. PATRICI 
 
 R 
 
 SACROT. M. S 
 
 OF. PATRYCI 
 
 RACYNA. F 
 
 SAEV. F 
 
 PECVEIAR. F 
 
 REBVRRI. OF 
 
 SANVCIVS. F 
 
 PECVEIARIS. F . 
 
 REBVRRIS 
 
 SANYIEEI. M 
 
 PERE. ... 1 
 
 REBVRRVS. F 
 
 SANVITTI. MA 
 
 PERPET 
 
 RECMYS 
 
 SARENTIV 
 
 PERRVS. F 
 
 REDITI. M 
 
 SATERNVS 
 
 PERVS 
 
 REGALIS 
 
 SATERNINI. 
 
 PERVS. FE 
 
 REGINI. M 
 
 SAT TO. F 
 
 OF. POLIO 
 
 REGINVS. F 
 
 SECANDI. M 
 
 OF. POLLIO 
 
 REGVIEL 
 
 SECVNDINI 
 
 PONTI. OFFIC 
 
 REGVLI. M 
 
 SECVND^S 
 
 OF. PONTEI 
 
 REQVREI ? 
 
 SEDATVS. F 
 
 POTIACI 
 
 RIIOGENI. M 
 
 SEDETI. M 
 
 POTITINI. M 
 
 OF. RICIMI 
 
 SENI. A. M 
 
 POTITIANI. M 
 
 RIPANI 
 
 SENICI. 
 
 PRID. FEC 
 
 RIIGNVS 
 
 SENNIVS. F 
 
 PRI.IMO 
 
 ROFFYS. FEC 
 
 SENO. M 
 
 PRIMANI 
 
 ROFFVS. FE 
 
 SENONI 
 
 PRIMVLI 
 
 ROLOGENI. M 
 
 SENTRYS. FE 
 
 1 Peregrinus is in Mr. Wellbeloved's list of names found at York. Journal 
 Brit. Arch. Assoc., vol. iii, p. 124. 
 
46 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 SERRVS 
 
 TASCILLA 
 
 VEST. M 
 
 SERVILIS 
 
 TASCIL. M 
 
 VESTRI. OF 
 
 SEVERI. OF 
 
 TAVRIANVS 
 
 OF. VIA 
 
 SEVERI. M 
 
 TAYPvICYS. F 
 
 VICARVS. F 
 
 OF. SEVERI 
 
 TEBBIL 
 
 VICTORINVS 
 
 OF. SEVERPVD 
 
 TEEKVS 
 
 VIDVCOS. F 
 
 SEXTI. 
 
 TERCII. M 
 
 VIIPvI. M 
 
 SIIXTI. MA 
 
 TERTI. M 
 
 VIMPVS 
 
 SILDATIANI. M 
 
 TERTIOL. F 
 
 VIRIL 
 
 SILVANI 
 
 TERTIVS 
 
 VIRILIS. F 
 
 SILVINI 
 
 TETTVR 
 
 OF. VIRILLI 
 
 SILVINI. F 
 
 TITTILI 
 
 OF. L. C. VIRIL 
 
 SILVINVS. F 
 
 TITTIVS 
 
 VIRONI. OF 
 
 C. SILVII. . 
 
 TITVRI. M 
 
 VIRTHV 
 
 SIEVI. OF 
 
 TITVRONIS 
 
 VIRTHVS 
 
 SILVI PATRI. 
 
 TVLLVS. FE 
 
 VIRTHVS. FECIT 
 
 SILVIPATRICI 
 
 TTETYNN 
 
 OF. VIRTUTIS 
 
 SINTVRNV. . 
 
 
 VITA 
 
 SITVSIFvI. M. 
 
 V 
 
 OF. VITA 
 
 SOLLVS 
 
 VALERI 
 
 VITALIS. FE 
 
 SOLLYS. F 
 
 VASSALI 
 
 VITAEIS. M. S, F. 
 
 MA. SVETI 
 
 VECETI. M 
 
 VITALIS. PP 
 
 SVLPICI 
 
 VEGETI. M 
 
 VITINVS. F 
 
 SVLPICIANI 
 
 VENERAND 
 
 VOSIICVNNVS 
 
 SVOBNEDOF 
 
 VENICARVS. F 
 
 VNICVS. F 
 
 SVOBNI. 
 
 VERECVNDI 
 
 VRNINI 
 
 SVRIVS 
 
 VEREDV. M 
 
 
 
 VERTECISA. F 
 
 X 
 
 T 
 
 VESPO. F 
 
 XIVI 
 
 TASCONVS. F 
 
 VESPONI 
 
 XVNX 
 
 The letter m in these stamps, prefixed to, or following the name, signifies 
 manu ; f. fecit ; o. and of. officind. 
 
 IPK3RMV,D (MSETl'M ) d PSEVEEO ) 
 
 Examples of the Stamps. 
 
 206. POTTERS' names on the exterior of vases. 
 
 207. FIVE stamps on the lower parts of the outside of embossed 
 vessels, which somewhat resemble Oriental characters. They are 
 
ROMAN. POTTERS STAMPS. 
 
 47 
 
 all different from each other, and have not yet been satisfactorily 
 explained. One is shewn in the annexed cut. 
 
 No. 207. 
 
 208. A STAMP on the centre of the bottom of a red cup, in 
 two lines, — 
 
 LIVL.SENISCR 
 OCODASPAR, 
 
 which, when extended, would read thus : l. iveii. senis 
 crocodes ad asperttydines : The Crocodes of L. Julius Senis 
 for granulations of the eyelids. The collyria of the Roman oculists, 
 called crocodes, were prepared from the crocus, or saffron, with the 
 addition of other drugs, and the compositions, as we learn from 
 Pliny and from the ancient Greek and Roman writers on physic, 
 were extolled for various diseases of the eyes, which appear to 
 have been much more common in former times than at the present 
 day. Dr. Simpson has published several stamps for varieties of 
 this composition. See Monthly Medical Journal, January 1851 ; 
 and, for general reference to the subject, my notice of a medicine 
 stamp found at Kenchester, printed in the Journal of the British 
 Archceological Association, vol. iv, p. 280. The above stamp, how- 
 ever, appears to be out of place on this vessel. It was probably ap- 
 plied by the potter accidentally, or as a substitute ; and to a similar 
 fortuitous use of one of these medicine stamps must be explained 
 its application to the rim of a mortarium found at Avignon. See 
 Caylus' Recueil, torn, vii, p. 261; Journal, ut supra, p. 284; and 
 Mr. Wright's Celt, Roman, and Saxon, p. 241-246. 
 
 209. INSCRIPTIONS scratched on Roman pottery :— cor. f. 
 
 — FELICVLA. — GER. — IALLV. — MOMVVL. — SINX.N. — VIARIR. — 
 IN. PAX. 
 
48 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 GLASS. 
 
 The examples of Roman glass vessels contained in this collection, 
 although extremely fragmentary, are highly interesting, as illustra- 
 tions of the more complicate and elaborate processes in the art of glass 
 making, and in the application of colouring matters. Some of the 
 specimens are of the very highest degree of rarity, having belonged 
 to vessels of which it would be difficult to find perfect examples, 
 even in the museums of Italy. Some of these have been engraved 
 and coloured in Mr. Apsley Pellatt's Curiosities of Glass Making. 
 
 210. GLOBULAR, Narrow-mouthed Vessel, in green glass, 
 with handles attached to the neck ; nine and a-half inches in 
 diameter ; three inches in height. 
 
 211. FRAGMENT of a wide-mouthed Vase, in pale green 
 glass, ornamented with representations of chariot races. It may be 
 compared with a fragment found at Hartlip, in Kent, on which are 
 two compartments, the upper of which is filled with a design very 
 similar to that on the London specimen, except that in the former 
 the chariots are bigse, and above the drivers are their names ; 
 the lower compartment is filled with gladiators. See Collectanea 
 Antigua, vol. ii, p. 17. 
 
 No. 211. 
 
ROMAN. GLASS. 
 
 49 
 
 212. PORTION of the lower part or a Vase, so closely 
 resembling the above-mentioned fragment found at Hartlip, that it 
 appears to have been cast in the same mould. 
 
 213. FRAGMENTS of Bowls, in light green glass, orna- 
 mented on the exterior with a raised rib pattern, termed pillar 
 moulding. Mr. Pellatt observes : " Pillar moulding is one of the 
 greatest modern improvements, and is used advantageously for 
 lamp pedestals, chandelier work, toilet bottles, salt cellars, etc., at 
 very moderate cost. This was supposed to be a modern invention, 
 and introduced by the late Mr. James Green as such a few years 
 since ; but in some Roman specimens recently exhumed in the city 
 of London, and now in the possession of Mr. Roach Smith, it is 
 proved beyond doubt that these projecting pillars, and the mode of 
 their manipulation, were well known to the ancients." A very 
 fine perfect example of these bowls, found at Takely, in Essex, is 
 in the possession of Mr. Joseph Clarke. 
 
 No. 213. 
 
 214. FRAGMENT with projecting pillars, of a deep semi- 
 transparent blue colour when held to the light ; but under other 
 points of view it appears to be of a dark copper colour. 
 
 215. OF the same pattern as the preceding numbers : colour, a 
 dark transparent blue. Its specific gravity is 2483. It forms 
 fig. 2, plate in, of Mr. Pellatt' s Curiosities of Glass Making. 
 
 216. FRAGMENTS of a similar bowl, in opaque variegated 
 glass ; the colours are a dark iron red, with shades of brown, and 
 black, and yellow, with a tinge of green. Specific gravity, 2576. 
 Ibid. fig. 1, plate in ; and fig. 4, plate vi. 
 
 h 
 
50 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 217. FRAGMENT, of a fine transparent olive colour. 
 
 218. FRAGMENTS or Ribbed Bowls, of a peculiarly rich 
 opaque variegated enamel. The body appears to be a pink colour, 
 thickly streaked with yellow and white. 
 
 219. FRAGMENT or a Bowl, or Cup, of a plain smooth 
 surface, in a rich enamel of green, yellow, and red. This and the 
 other varieties of compound glass were produced by mixing coloured 
 bugles or beads with masses of fused green, purple, or azure-blue 
 glass. This specimen is shewn in Mr. Pellatt's volume, fig. 3, pi. vi. 
 
 220. SMALL Fragments of a Ribbed Bowl, of semi-trans- 
 parent light blue, streaked with white. 
 
 221. FRAGMENT of a Drinking Cup in white glass. It is 
 ornamented with a pattern of incuse irregular ovals and hexagons, 
 which covers the lower part of the exterior. Mr. Pellatt, who has 
 engraved this specimen, observes that it " displays the great per- 
 fection of ancient glass cutting. One peculiarity is its lightness ; it 
 being but little more than twice its weight of water, viz., of a 
 specific gravity 2049." Curiosities of Glass Making, page 136, 
 and plate in, fig. 3. 
 
 222. HALF of a Cup, three-and-a-half inches in height, in 
 colourless glass, like No. 221. The larger portion of the exterior 
 is covered with a pattern formed of rows of incuse hexagons. 
 
 223. FRAGMENT of a Globular Cup of white glass, entirely 
 covered with a net-work pattern. 
 
 224. FRAGMENT of a small Vase, the ground of which is a 
 semi-transparent deep blue, spotted superficially with opaque white. 
 It forms fig. 5, plate vi, of the Curiosities of Glass Making. 
 
ROMAN. GLASS. 
 
 •31 
 
 225. PORTION of the bottom part of a Glass Vessel, 
 stamped with three circular rows of letters, which, being faintly 
 impressed, are mostly illegible. 
 
 226. ORNAMENTAL Heads from vases, two of which are 
 shewn in the subjoined cut; that on the right is in transparent 
 green glass ; that on the left is of an olive green colour. These 
 ornaments were usually placed at the lower extremity of the handles 
 of some of the more elegant narrow-necked vessels. Caylus 
 erroneously considers some similar heads were used as ornaments 
 of the dress. 
 
 No. 22C. Actual size. 
 
 227. HANDLE of Vase in opaque white glass, terminating in 
 a lion's head. 
 
 228. FRAGMENTS of Handles in olive green glass. 
 
 229. HANDLES, Necks, and other fragments of vessels in 
 green and in colourless glass. 
 
 230. BEADS, Ribbed and Plain, in glass of various colours. 
 One of an extra large size, of a deep blue colour, which formerly 
 belonged to this collection, was stolen from Mr. Apsley Pellatt's 
 lecture table. 
 
52 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 231. HALF of an Armlet in opaque Avhite glass. 
 
 232. SMALL Green Glass Vials, from two to four inches in 
 height, drop-shaped, commonly known by the term lachrymatory. 
 
 233. THREE fragments of an exceedingly rare and remarkable 
 glass, in which flowers, stars, and other ornaments, in yellow, 
 opaque white, and other colours, are inserted, as shewn in the 
 annexed cut, which represents one of the fragments, all of which 
 are flat, and one -sixth of an inch thick. 
 
 No. 233. Actual size. 
 
ROMAN. — TILES. 
 
 53 
 
 TILES, PAVEMENTS, AND 
 WALL-PAINTINGS. 
 
 234. FLAT Red Tiles, seventeen and a half inches square, 
 and two inches thick. 
 
 235. SAME as No. 233 ; eleven inches square, and from one and 
 a half to two inches thick. 
 
 236. OTHERS, from six to eight and a half inches square, and 
 from one to one and three quarter inches thick. 
 
 237. CIRCULAR Red Tiles, seven inches in diameter, and 
 two inches thick. 
 
 The tiles comprised in the foregoing numbers were taken chiefly 
 from hypocausts, in which they formed, when placed one upon the 
 other, with intervening courses of mortar, pillars, upon which the 
 flooring of the apartments of dwelling-houses rested. With the 
 exception of the circular tiles, No. 236, the other varieties are 
 often found used as material in walls, and sometimes in the floor- 
 ings of rooms as pavements. 
 
 238. TILE, nine inches square, and one and a half thick ; in- 
 scribed, in raised letters, prb. lon., probably, vsiima (coho?*s) 
 Britonum LON dinii ; " the first cohort of the Britons at Londinium. ,, 
 
 No. 238. 
 
54 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 239. TILES in a light yellow or straw-colour clay, seventeen 
 inches by eleven inches. 
 
 240. OTHERS, of the same dimensions, scored with bands of 
 incuse stripes. 
 
 241. ROOFING Tiles (tegulce) with raised longitudinal edges, 
 from fifteen inches by eleven, to eighteen by fourteen inches. These 
 
 No. 241. 
 
 tiles are adapted, by curving slightly inwards, and by the raised 
 edges being notched at the extremities, to be joined one to another, 
 the smaller end of one tile overlapping the end of that next to it. 
 The lateral junctions were covered with semi-cylindrical tiles 
 {imbrices), as shewn in the annexed cut. 
 
 No. 241. 
 
 242. ROOF Tile, stamped ppebk.ion. 
 
ROMAN. TILES, PAVEMENTS, ETC. 
 
 55 
 
 243. FRAGMENTS oe Roof and other Tiles, stamped with 
 a similar inscription. On some, the perpendicular limb of the 
 second r is lengthened to make an i ; thus leaving no doubt as to 
 the abbreviation being intended for Britones or Britonum. 
 
 No. 243. 
 
 244. RIDGE Tiles {imbrices). One was stamped with the 
 above formula, but only the first letters now remain. 
 
 245. HOLLOW Four-sided Tile, with two lateral openings; 
 nine and three quarter inches, by eight and three quarters. These 
 tiles were used for conducting the heated air from the hypocausts 
 to the apartments requiring heat. They were placed one above 
 the other, either in single or in double rows. 
 
 No. 245. 
 
 246. ANOTHER of the same dimensions, which, by being filled 
 with mortar, has been adapted as a pillar for supporting the floor- 
 ing of a house. It was discovered, thus applied, in Bush Lane, 
 near Cannon Street. 
 
 247. FLUE Tile, sixteen and a half inches in length, six and 
 three quarter inches deep, and four and a half inches wide ; in red 
 
56 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 clay. These tiles were carried up the walls from the hypocaust to 
 the top of the house. By such means, it was very easy to regulate 
 the heat to any required temperature : 
 
 "Applicitum est cubiculo hypocaustum perexiguum, quod angusta fenestra 
 suppositum calorem, ut ratio exigit, ant effundit aut retinet." 
 
 Plinii Epist., lib. ii, ep. xvn. 
 
 248. DOUBLE Flue Tile, like No. 247, but with two channels, 
 and without lateral apertures. It is eighteen inches by twelve inches. 
 
ROMAN. TILES, PAVEMENTS, ETC. 
 
 57 
 
 249. VARIETIES of Nos. 245 and 247 in red and in pale clays, 
 of various dimensions. 
 
 250. FRAGMENTS of ornamented red flue tiles, of which some 
 examples are shewn in the cut beneath. 
 
 Although these tiles are elaborately decorated, they must have 
 been wholly concealed from the sight, and the designs with which 
 they are covered seem to have been subservient only to attach the 
 mortar more closely. 
 
 251. CYLINDRICAL Clay Tubes, or Conduit Pipes, from 
 seventeen to twenty-five inches in length, and from three to five 
 inches in diameter. They are made to be united to each other, 
 precisely like some of the drain pipes of the present day. 
 
 252. SPECIMENS or Tessellated Pavements, formed of red 
 tessellse an inch square, laid upon beds of mortar three to four 
 inches thick. 
 
 253. SIMILAR to the last, but made with somewhat smaller 
 tessellse of red and pale yellow colours. 
 
 254. EXAMPLES of the finer kinds of tessellated pavements, 
 formed with small tesselke of various colours, worked into different 
 patterns. 
 
 i 
 
58 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 255. SEVERAL examples of the spieata testacea, composed of 
 oblong bricks four and a half inches long, two and a quarter inches 
 deep, and one inch thick, arranged in the same manner as grains in 
 an ear of corn, or as what is familiar to us under the architectural 
 term herring-bone ivork. Pavements of this kind, and of No. 252, 
 were very common in the houses of Roman London. 
 
 256. PAVEMENT formed of a substruction, like those above 
 mentioned, but the surface of which is composed of pieces of tiles 
 and of small stones, rammed down and smoothed. This common 
 sort of pavement was called ruderatio. 
 
 257. WALL Paintings representing portions of panels in a 
 dark red ground, bordered by lines or bands of various colours, the 
 more prevailing of which are brown, yellow, green, and black. 
 Sometimes the interiors of the panels were of a dark brown or 
 black colour, and bordered by red, white, green, or blue. The 
 substruction for these paintings is usually a coarse kind of mortar 
 or concrete, composed of sand, lime, and small stones, over which 
 is laid a thin calcareous coating for the reception of the paintings. 
 The remarkable peculiarities of these paintings are their extreme 
 superficiality and durability. It is very obvious, from the, abundance 
 of remains discovered on the sites of Roman buildings, that the art 
 of wall painting was universally well understood, and that the 
 requisite processes were conducted under some very effective, but, 
 at the same time, extremely simple principles, which, at the pre- 
 sent day, are only imperfectly understood. 
 
 258. A FRAGMENT of a well-executed painting, representing 
 the forepart of a goat, or possibly a Capricorn, in white, upon a 
 dark ground, bordered with white, blue, and red. 
 
 259. PORTION of a Head and Bust of a Nymph, upon a 
 white ground. 
 
 260. FOLIAGE, Birds, and Ornaments, which apparently 
 have composed the centre of panels. 
 
ROMAN. TILES, PAVEMENTS, ETC. 
 
 59 
 
 261. FRAGMENTS which give a pattern complete. The ground 
 is red ; the figure of the man and the trellis pattern are yellow ; 
 the stars and the circles are white ; and the centre of the ornament 
 on the left of the man, purple, or dark blue. The borders are white, 
 and dark blue or purple. 
 
 No. 2fil. One third the actual size 
 
 262. PAINTINGS representing marble columns and various 
 kinds of marbles, in imitation of the real marbles with which the 
 walls of the houses of the wealthy were sometimes covered. For 
 examples of the Roman wall paintings found in England, and for 
 notes on the subject, see Antiquities of Richborough, Reculver, and 
 Lymne, p. 92, et seq. 
 
 263. PIECES of thin polished Marble and Stone, of 
 various kinds, used in house decoration. 
 
6€ 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 PERSONAL ORNAMENTS. 
 
 264. RING, for the finger, in gold ; weight, nearly five drachms. 
 From the Thames. 
 
 265. GOLD Finger Ring, in form of a circle, of small pearls 
 or beads. 
 
 266. INTAGLIO, in cornelian, with a laureated head of Julius 
 Caesar. From the Thames. 
 
 267. INTAGLIO, in lapis lazuli; a nude figure with ears of 
 corn in his hand. 
 
 268. INTAGLIO, in onyx, of an octagonal shape, engraved with 
 the representation of a goat hunt. 
 
 269. BRONZE Ring, set with an opaque white stone, bearing 
 a nude youthful figure, or Cupid, with two faces ; in his left hand 
 he carries a staff resting on his shoulder; in his right, extended 
 backwards, is a purse, which the hinder face appears to be inclined 
 towards, and regarding. 
 
 270. BRONZE Ring, set with a square piece of blue glass. 
 
 271. BRONZE Rings, the settings of which are lost. 
 
 272. GOLD Lunette, apparently an ear-ring ornamented with 
 filligree work, and suspended by a loop to a ring. 
 
ROMAN. PERSONAL ORNAMENTS. 
 
 61 
 
 273. EAR-RING, in plain gold. 
 
 274. SMALL Rosette Ornament, of deep blue glass, set 
 in gold. 
 
 275. RING, in Gold, weighing six dwts. The lower part of 
 the ring is formed of two serpents entwined together, and holding 
 by their mouths the flat, circular, upper portion, originally engraved, 
 but upon which the letters oc have subsequently been cut. 
 
 It is not believed that this ring was found in London, neither 
 are its epoch and parentage determined; but it appeared to the 
 author sufficiently interesting to be rescued from the melting pot. 
 
 276. BRONZE Ring, the upper part of which is a key, which 
 seems to have been set with enamel. 
 
 277. SIMILAR to No. 276, but smaller, and quite plain. 
 
 278. ANOTHER, which appears to have been silvered. 
 
 279. BRONZE Quadrilateral Chain-ring. 
 
 280. ARMLET of Bronze Chain-work, and a thin Cir- 
 cular Medallion, stamped with a radiated head, before which 
 is the Greek <£. 
 
 281. ARMLETS and Bracelets in bronze, of various patterns. 
 
 282. BRACELETS in Jet, and in Kimmeridge schale, 
 in imitation of jet. See Collectanea Antiqua, vol. iii, p. 35, and 
 plate ix. 
 
G2 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 283. A BEAD in Jet, well cut and polished, 
 
 284. BEADS in Glass, of various forms and colours. Some 
 of these are of good material ; but others, particularly the ribbed 
 kind, are of a very inferior and imperfectly made glass. 
 
 285. GLASS Studs, or boutons. 
 
 286. HAIB, Pins, in bronze, from three to five and a half inches 
 in length, generally ornamented at the upper extremity with a boss, 
 or some fanciful design. One (shewn in the annexed cut) is sur- 
 mounted by the figure of a bird, probably intended for an eagle 
 upon a standard. 
 
 No. 280. 
 
 Actual size. 
 
 287. NUMEROUS varieties of the acus crinalis, or hair-pin, in 
 bone, from three to seven and a half inches in length, the larger 
 
ROMAN. PERSONAL ORNAMENTS. 
 
 63 
 
 end usually terminating in an ornament, such as 
 a bust, a fir-cone, or a knob. The head dresses 
 of the Roman ladies were constructed with much 
 care ; and in allusion to them by the satirists, 
 the pin is often mentioned, as by Martial : — 
 
 Trenia ne madidos violet bombycina crines, 
 Figat acus tortas snstineatque comas. 
 
 Lib. xiv, ep. 24. 
 
 To the present day the hair-pin has not ceased 
 to form a conspicuous part of the head-dress 
 in Italy and Germany, where it is worn at the 
 back of the head, the hair being gathered up 
 and twisted round it. 
 
 288. BRONZE Hair-pin, with an eye to- 
 wards the lower extremity, and surmounted by 
 a circular medal-like ornament bearing the re- 
 presentation of a bust in armour, before which 
 is a cross. From this design, the needle may 
 be assigned to the fourth or fifth century. The 
 eye was probably intended for the insertion of a 
 ribbon or fillet, to aid in securing the hair. See 
 illustration. 
 
 289. ORNAMENT, in Bronze, in form of 
 a serpent, three inches in length, which appears 
 to have belonged to a hair-pin. 
 
 290. PINS in Bronze, used in fastening the 
 dress. Some of them have ornamented heads, 
 two of which are cruciform. It is probable that 
 some of these may have been used also for 
 the hair. 
 
 291. SILVER Fibula, in the form of a 
 dolphin. 
 
 292. BOW-SHAPED Bronze Fibula, of 
 various designs. 
 
 No. 288. Actual size 
 
64 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 293. BOW-SHAPED, with knobs at the ends of the transverse 
 bar, like those on pp. 81 and 83 of the Antiquities of Richborough, 
 Reculver, and Lymne. 
 
 294. CIRCULAR flat Fibula, set with blue and green glass. 
 
 Actual size. 
 
 295. FLAT Circular Bronze Fibula, silvered. It is orna- 
 mented with the figures of a man and a horse, within a pearled 
 circle. From its rude execution, it may possibly be Frankish or 
 Saxon Avork. 
 
 296. FIBULA, in form of the sole of a sandal, filled with a 
 deep blue enamel. 
 
 Actual size. 
 
 297. ENAMELLED Bronze Stud. 
 
 298. BRONZE Fibula, of peculiar form, as shewn by the an- 
 nexed cut. It bears traces of silver and enamel. 
 
ROMAN. PERSONAL ORNAMENTS. 
 
 65 
 
 299. CIRCULAR Bronze Fibula, with shifting pin. 
 
 It is probable that nearly all the Roman fibulae which we meet 
 with in England and in France were of provincial workmanship. 
 They are almost of infinite variety of form. Some are set with 
 glass, or with silicious pastes, coloured. On sculptures and other 
 works of ancient art, circular fibulae alone are represented as fasten- 
 ing the drapery in front of the neck or over the shoulder. The 
 only instance I know of the introduction of any other variety of 
 fibulae occurs on the sculpture at Mayence, figured in plate xxx, 
 vol. ii, of the Collectanea Antiqua. A lady is there pourtrayed as 
 wearing several fibulae of a rectangular form. 
 
 300. BRONZE Buckles. 
 
 301. BRONZE Enamelled Girdle Clasp, nearly four inches 
 in diameter. On the under side are two projecting bars for secur- 
 ing it to one end of the girdle, and for receiving a hook on the 
 other to fasten it. The colours were red and yellow, but they are 
 superficially a good deal decomposed, and have lost their original 
 brilliancy. 
 
 No. 301. 
 
 K 
 
66 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 SANDALS IN LEATHER. 
 
 Various objects in leather, both Roman and mediaeval, form one 
 of the most interesting sections, and perhaps the rarest, in this 
 Museum. The mediseval portion will be referred to under its 
 proper head. The Roman is almost wholly confined to sandals. 
 When the perishable nature of the material, under ordinary cir- 
 cumstances, is considered, together with the almost total absence of 
 specimens of ancient leather sandals elsewhere, a question naturally 
 arises as to the cause of the accumulation of so many examples in one 
 collection. The preservation of the leather is, in the first place, 
 entirely the consequence of its exclusion from atmospheric air in a 
 wet or moist situation ; and, secondly, of its being saturated with oil 
 immediately after it is taken from the moist earth, and before it is 
 dried. Thus, the evaporation of the water, and the absorption of 
 the oil, go on simultaneously, and the leather retains its elasticity, 
 and much of its other qualities. But if, when taken from the water 
 or boggy earth in which it has been embedded, the leather is allowed 
 to dry, it rapidly collapses, shrivels up, and becomes brittle and 
 perishable. The sandals before us (plate ix), were, together with 
 others, taken chiefly from the bed of the Thames, several feet deep, 
 and from the boggy soil of Lothbury and its neighbourhood. 
 
 Writers on the costume of the ancients have described at length 
 the various kinds of shoes and boots worn by the Greeks and 
 Romans. The sources whence they derived their information are 
 from passages in ancient authors, and from sculptures. Both are 
 good and legitimate, but they must be taken with a good deal of 
 latitude as regards the definition of the numerous kinds of this use- 
 ful portion of clothing, which must have been subject to the muta- 
 tions of fashion and of necessity, then as now ; and the attempt to 
 explain in detail all the terms used by early writers relative to the 
 subject has led to considerable uncertainty and confusion. It 
 seldom came within the scope of a writer to describe minutely parts 
 of the costume, or to use a word that might not be applied gene- 
 rally, or which, if of special import at one period, might be less so 
 
KOMAN. ! 
 
 SANDALS IN LEATHER. 
 
 07 
 
 in after times, and especially in a foreign country. Some of the 
 ancient sculptures are very useful in affording examples of different 
 kinds of shoes and boots, and, in some instances, they may be re- 
 ceived as faithful representations. No description, however, and 
 no design, can so fully serve to give us correct ideas as the 
 objects themselves ; and, therefore, as far as they are specimens 
 of particular kinds of shoes or sandals worn by the inhabitants of 
 Londinium, the examples in this collection are of the highest 
 interest. It would be foreign to the purpose of this Catalogue 
 to describe the numerous varieties of the shoes of the ancients, or 
 to draw comparisons which, without additional cuts, would be but 
 imperfectly understood. It must suffice to say, that our sandals 
 {crepidce) differ considerably from the representations with which we 
 are most familiar, in being more elaborately worked. One of the 
 nearest approaches to similarity is in the sandals of a statue at 
 Rome of a countryman, engraved by Montfaucon, Ant. Expl., Suppl. 
 torn, iii, pi. vi ; but those found in London have, in every instance, 
 been made to encase the foot, and are not so open at the toes as 
 usually shewn in works of ancient art. They are of small size, 
 ranging from seven to ten inches in length, and thus may be pre- 
 sumed to have belonged to women or to young persons. All of 
 them appear to have been worn. 
 
 The more completely preserved shoes, as fig. 3, pi. ix, enable us 
 to ascertain precisely how they were made. They are formed of 
 four layers of leather, the outside of which is the thickest, and the 
 innermost the thinnest ; held together, without any appearance of 
 stitching, by nails, clenched on the inside of the sole. These nails 
 are placed in a single row round the edge of some of the soles, 
 with five in the broadest part, and three at the heel ; on others, the 
 nails are thickly studded, illustrating the well known passage in 
 Juvenal : 
 
 " Cum duo crura habes, offendere tot caligatos, 
 Millia clavorum." Sat. xvi, 1. 24. 
 
 The upper part of the sandals is of a piece with one of the 
 layers of the sole formed from one piece of leather, the middle of 
 which helped to form the sole, while the sides were cut into the 
 elegant reticulated and looped patterns, and bent upwards, as 
 shewn in the figs. 1, 2, and 4, of pi. ix. They were then sewn at 
 the toe and heel, as in fig. 1 ; or simply at the heel, as in fig. 2. 
 
68 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 302. Plate ix, Fig. 1. SANDAL, seven inches in length ; width, 
 three inches. With the exception of a latchet on either side of the 
 forepart, and the other layer of the sole, this specimen is perfect. 
 
 303. Plate ix. Fig. 2. TWO of this form and pattern, but 
 not a pair; as they are both made for the left foot. The long 
 bands or loops of the forepart of these shoes lapped over beyond 
 the middle of the foot, to join the loops on the opposite side, which 
 are much shorter. Length ten inches ; width three and a half 
 inches. 
 
 304. Plate ix. Fig. 3. THIS specimen has all the layers of 
 the sole quite perfect. It differs from the foregoing varieties in 
 bands at the toe, which terminate in strings which fastened together 
 over the instep. Length nine inches ; width three inches. 
 
 305. Plate ix. Fig. 4. FRAGMENTS of another variety of 
 the sandals. 
 
 306. TWO children's shoes, each six and a half inches in length. 
 One of them is nailed. 
 
 307. SOLES and pieces oe other Sandals. 
 
ROMAN SANDALS. 
 
ROMAN. 
 
 69 
 
 UTENSILS AND IMPLEMENTS. 
 
 308. THE upper stone of a hand-mill or quern, mola manuaria, 
 or, versatilis. It is formed of the dark porous lava which abounds 
 in the Eifel, and the neighbourhood of Andernach on the Rhine, 
 where it is still quarried and worked for various kinds of mill stones. 
 The lower part of these hand mills was fixed and slightly convex. 
 The upper stone, through which the grain ran, was moved round it 
 by an iron handle, the remains of which are seen in our specimen. 
 The lower portion of it, which is concave, is shewn in the subjoined 
 cut. Hand-mills of this kind were extensively imported into Britain 
 
 No. 308. 1C inches in diameter; 3 J inches thick in the rim. 
 
 The above stone reversed. 
 
 by the Romans, and fragments are found in all parts of the coun- 
 try where there were Roman settlements Hand-mills were also 
 made from the native conglomerate, called pudding-stone, some of 
 which, found at Springhead, in Kent, are figured in plate xn of 
 
70 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 the Collectanea Antiqua. In some parts of Greece the hand-mill 
 is still commonly used, and in Scotland and Wales not long 
 since it was usually to be found among the peasant's domestic 
 utensils. Its present use is probably more general in other coun- 
 tries than is suspected. Only a short time since I noticed one in 
 the faubourgs of Abbeville, fixed in a stand, and turned by an 
 iron handle, in principle and in form precisely like those of the an- 
 cient Romans. 
 
 309. FRAGMENTS or larger Hand-mills, and of such as 
 were turned by mules and asses. They are all of the same porous 
 volcanic stone, from which they are termed by Ovid pumicece 
 
 " Et quae pumiceas versat asella rotas." 
 
 Fast, vi, 318. 
 
 310. MORTARS, in stone (piles), for pounding with a pestle. 
 They are very like those in use at the present day, and the chief 
 reason for appropriating them to so early a period is the fact of 
 their having been discovered with unquestionable Roman remains. 
 
 311. FRAGMENTS or a small Shallow Mortar (mor- 
 tarium), which has been used for rubbing down a kind of red 
 colouring matter. 
 
 312. IRON Handle oe a Pail or Bucket; found with urns 
 in a pit in Moorgate Street. 
 
 313. IMPLEMENTS eor Spinning; viz., the spindle ffususj, 
 and the wheel, or whorl ( vorticellum) . The former is in wood, 
 about seven inches in length, tapering towards the ends. The 
 latter is in bone, about an inch in diameter. It was affixed to the 
 lower part of the spindle, to give it rotary movement, and, by its 
 weight, to serve to draw the thread tighter. The collection con- 
 tains several of these curious illustrations of the prevalence of the 
 early and useful art of spinning in Roman London. Several of 
 both these objects have been found, and it is probable that many 
 
ROMAN. — UTENSILS AND IMPLEMENTS. 
 
 71 
 
 of the small flat perforated circular stones in this collection were 
 spinning whorls. On the subject of weaving among the ancients, 
 Mr. James Yates's learned volume, Textrinum Antiquorum, is the 
 most comprehensive treatise we possess. It is to be hoped he will 
 be enabled to complete it. 
 
 314. EPISTOMIUM, on Cock, for water or other fluids; in 
 bronze. Its construction is similar in principle to those of the 
 present day, but, like most articles of ancient workmanship, it is 
 more tasteful in design. The perforated stopper is wanting. 
 
 No. 314. Length, 5 inches. 
 
 315. BELLS, in Bronze, four-sided, and circular; two and a 
 half inches in length. 
 
 316. A SMALL Bell, with clapper, still sonorous. 
 
 317. KEYS of various kinds, chiefly in bronze, from one to five 
 inches in length. Although there are upwards of thirty, not any 
 two of them are precisely alike. Modern ingenuity in the con- 
 struction of locks and keys has accomplished but little, if anything, 
 beyond what was well known to the ancients. When the late 
 Mr. Mordan visited this collection, he observed, in reference to 
 some of these specimens, that the principle of his patent keys had 
 evidently been well understood by the Romans. He had, in fact, 
 simply recovered what had long since been known and forgotten, 
 like very many other supposed modern inventions. 
 
 318. PORTIONS of Locks, and their fittings. 
 
72 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 319. HANDLES, in Bronze, of small 
 boxes or coffers. Their extremities are 
 in the form of the heads of animals. 
 
 320. SICKLE, in Iron, for reaping 
 corn (falx messoria) ; found in Southwark. 
 It is rather thinner and smaller than those 
 used at the present day, and resembles 
 one found at Pompeii. 
 
 321. PRUNING-hook (falcula), in 
 iron. 
 
 322. WHETSTONES (cotes); the 
 longest, eleven inches, has the remains of 
 a metal loop for suspension. The smallest 
 (coticula), four inches in length, has a hole 
 at one end for the same purpose. They 
 are four-sided, and somewhat like those 
 now in use. 
 
 323. SCISSORS, (forfex), in iron, four 
 inches in length, with a plate of bronze to 
 strengthen the semicircular part held in 
 the hand. The form is that of what is 
 usually known by the term shears. A 
 variety, eleven inches in length, but which 
 has been at least three inches longer, re- 
 sembles the modern scissors. The mate- 
 rial is iron, with a brass plate on each side, 
 and the two loops of the handle tipt with 
 brass. 
 
 324. FORCEPS, in iron, six inches in 
 length. 
 
 325. KNIVES, with bone handles, and 
 loop for suspension, like the specimen 
 shewn in the- cut on the side of this page. 
 Bone-handled knives were commonly 
 used by the Romans of the middle class, 
 
 No. 325. Actual size. 
 
ROMAN. UTENSILS AND IMPLEMENTS. 
 
 78 
 
 as we learn from Juvenal describing his own household stuff : — 
 
 u adeo nulla uncia nobis 
 
 Est eboris, nec tessellse, nec calculus ex hac 
 Materia ; quin ipsa manubria cultellorum 
 Ossea. 
 
 Sat. xi, 1. 131. 
 
 326. KNIFE, six inches in length, wholly in steel. The blade, 
 on which is stamped the maker's name, olondvs. f., is curved 
 inwards ; the handle terminates in a ring. It is in extraordinary 
 preservation, and the edge is still sharp. 
 
 327. BLADE and portion of the Handle of a Knife, 
 four inches in length. The handle has been covered with wood, 
 traces of which remain. The blade is slightly curved. It bears 
 the maker's name, p. pasilif, in a neatly executed oblong stamp, 
 in the centre of which is a small figure, apparently of a person 
 standing. This and the preceding are believed to be the only ex- 
 amples known of knives stamped with the makers' names. 
 
 328. KNIVES, in Steel, six inches in length. The handles 
 and blades of these knives are formed out of one piece of iron. They 
 are slender in shape ; the blades straight ; the handles hexagonal, 
 and looped at the end. 
 
 329. KNIFE, resembling the sacrificial culter, often represented 
 on sepulchral and votive monuments, excepting that the blade is 
 straight, and not curved downwards ; length of the blade, five 
 inches ; width near the haft, two inches ; the haft, two inches in 
 length, is hollow, for receiving a wooden handle. 
 
 330. KNIFE, six inches in length including the handle. It is 
 one and a quarter inch wide at the haft, and tapers to a point, 
 curving upwards. It resembles one found at Hod Hill, near 
 Blandford, in Dorsetshire, in the possession of Mr. H. Durden. 
 
 L 
 
CATALOGUE. 
 
 331. ANOTHER, similar in form, but 
 rather smaller. 
 
 332. KNIFE, seven inches in length, 
 and two inches wide at the haft, curved 
 upwards, almost to a semicircular form; 
 adapted for cutting both downwards and 
 backwards ; the haft is solid and pointed, 
 to be fixed in wood. 
 
 333. A STRAIGHT KNIFE, which, 
 with the handle, also of iron, measures 
 fourteen inches. The blade resembles 
 those of the table knives of the present 
 day. The handle terminated in two 
 semicircles, and had wood or bone at- 
 tached to it by means of bronze tubes, 
 which are filled with bronze rosettes. 
 This uncommon specimen was found in 
 the Thames, at London. It resembles 
 one figured in Houben's Denkmaeler von 
 Castra Vetera unci Colonia Trajana, tab. 
 xlvi, No. 7. 
 
 334. A STEEL (probably a butcher's), 
 for sharpening knives. The handle, in 
 form of a horse's head, surrounded at the 
 neck with leaves, has a ring of the same 
 metal for fastening it to the girdle. It is 
 in perfect preservation, and is shewn in 
 the cut, of actual size. 
 
 335. SPATUL^E, in Iron, which ap- 
 piar to have been intended for spreading 
 ointments or plaisters, or, possibly, for 
 the preparation of pigments. They are 
 of small size, measuring only, handles in- 
 cluded, from five to six inches. 
 
ROMAN, UTENSILS AND IMPLEMENTS. 
 
 336. AN AWL, in Iron, seven inches in 
 length. 
 
 337. MODELLING Tools, in Iron, one 
 of which is exhibited on the side of this page, 
 the actual size. 
 
 338. SPOONS (cochlearia), in Bronze, 
 five and a half inches in length. The bowls 
 are circular, the handles pointed; thus they 
 are well adapted both for eating eggs, and for 
 the extraction of cockles and other shell -fish 
 from their shells, as shewn in the epigram of 
 Martial : 
 
 Sum cochleis habilis, sed nec minus utilis ovis : 
 Numquid scis potius cur cochleare vocer? 
 
 Lib. xiv, 121. 
 
 Would you know why a Slieller they still call my whole ? 
 
 "lis because, I suppose, while you may, if you like, 
 Very handily scoop out your eggs with the bowl, 
 
 You can still periwinkle-shells pick with the spike. 
 
 H. p. 
 
 339. SPOONS with Elongated Bowls, 
 like fig. 13, plate vn, Antiquities of Rich- 
 borough, Reculver, and Lymne. 
 
 340. SPOON, the bowl of which is con- 
 structed with a hinge to fold back upon the 
 handle, the lower part of which is in the form 
 of an animal. 
 
 341. SPOONS (ligulce), in Bronze, with 
 narrow tapering bowls and stems, terminating 
 in oblong bulbs. The stems are more or less 
 ornamented, and some are studded with silver, 
 
CATALOGUE. 
 
 and inlaid with silver wire. These spoons 
 were used for extracting unguents and 
 medicated preparations from the well 
 known bottles with long necks ; they were 
 also used in the arts, as the examples 
 found at Saint-Medard-des-Pres 1 with nu- 
 merous other implements, which belonged 
 to a female artist, clearly prove. 
 
 342. STILI, in Steel, about fifty 
 specimens, from which three examples, 
 shewn in the margin, are selected. They 
 vary in length from four to six inches, 
 and present a considerable variety in the 
 form and ornamentation of the shanks, 
 some of which are ribbed with brass ; 
 they all, however, are uniformly pointed 
 at the one end, and flattened at the other. 
 The stili, or styli, were used for writing 
 on tablets of thin wood, covered over with 
 wax, the flattened end being adapted to 
 smooth the surface for fresh inscriptions, 
 or for erasing and making corrections in 
 the writing, alluded to in the prescript of 
 Horace, scepe stilum vertas, Sat. i, x, 72. 
 The stilus was also called graphium, and 
 its case graphiarium : 
 
 Hsec tibi erunt arniata suo graphiaria ferro : 
 Si puero dones, non leve munus erit. 
 
 Mart. Epig., lib. xiv, 21. 
 
 Many other references in ancient writers 
 might be quoted in relation to the mate- 
 rial of which the stilus, or graphium, was 
 made ; it was not unfrequently used as a 
 weapon, and wounding with a pen was 
 
 1 See Description de la Villa et du Tombeau 
 d'unefemme artiste Gallo-Romaine, par Benjamin 
 Fillon, Fontenay, 1849 ; and Gentleman's Maga- 
 zine, July 1850, plate n. 
 
ROMAN. UTENSILS AND IMPLEMENTS. 
 
 77 
 
 not always, as at the present day, a mere figurative expression. 
 The extraordinary preservation of these implements is to be attri- 
 buted to their having been deposited in a moist soil, at great depths. 
 They were chiefly procured from Lothbury and its vicinity, and 
 some were recovered from the contents of a deep pit on the site of 
 the New Royal Exchange, after they had been carted away to the 
 suburbs of London. 
 
 343. TABLET, in Wood, for receiving the coat of wax for 
 writing upon with the stylus. It is five and a half inches in length, 
 and three and a quarter inches wide. As there is a raised margin 
 on both sides for protecting the coat of wax and the writing, it is 
 evidently an inner leaf of the tabulce, or tabellce, as these waxen 
 tablets were termed, the outer sides being solely of wood. The 
 margin of the back is perforated for receiving the string for fasten- 
 ing the tabellse together. The entire materials for writing a letter 
 on these waxen boards are enumerated in the Bacchides of Plautus, 
 where a person is ordered to fetch for this purpose, stilum, ceram, 
 tabellas, et linum, iv, 4, 63. The process is made perfectly clear 
 to us by the fortunate discovery of two ancient tabellse, in a good 
 state of preservation, some few years since, in Transylvania, on 
 which not only the wax was found to be perfect, but the writing 
 itself quite legible. 
 
 344. FISHHOOKS, in Bronze, taken from the bed of the 
 Thames, near London Bridge. 
 
 345. NEEDLES, in Bronze, a great variety. 
 
 346. UTENSILS, in Iron, one of which, six inches in length, 
 is shewn in the annexed cut. It is by no means certain what these 
 objects are ; they have been found in various parts of England, 
 
 * 
 
CATALOGUE. 
 
 France, and Germany, and almost always on the 
 sites of Roman buildings, or contiguous to Roman 
 stations. It has been supposed they were used 
 as temporary shoes for horses with tender feet; 
 and they have been called stirrups; but both 
 these notions are unsatisfactory. They vary con- 
 siderably in form, as may be seen in a specimen 
 in the Evreux Museum, engraved in vol. iii Collec- 
 tanea Antiqua. 
 
 347. A BALANCE, on Pair of Scales 
 (Libra)j in Bronze. The dishes are ornamented 
 with a very elaborate pattern ; in other respects, 
 this balance closely resembles those in common 
 use at the present day. 
 
 348. SCALE Beams, in Bronze, of various 
 kinds. One of these is jointed for folding up ; 
 others are divided into fractional parts, like 
 steel- yards. 
 
 349. STATERA (Steel- yard), in Bronze, 
 with hook for suspension, but wanting the scale. 
 
 350. SCALE Beam (arranged to serve also as 
 a Foot Measure), in Bronze. It is shewn in 
 the cut in the margin, of the actual size. 
 
 351. WEIGHTS oe various kinds, some 
 adapted for steel-yards. 
 
 352. KEYS, in Bronze and in Iron; a 
 very large collection. 
 
 353. PORTIONS of Locks, and their 
 Fastenings. 
 
ROMAN. UTENSILS AND IMPLEMENTS. 
 
 79 
 
 354. BONE Tubes, from two to three inches in length, with 
 lateral perforations, erroneously supposed to be pieces of flutes, to 
 which they bear some resemblance; it is with reason conjectured 
 that they were used in weaving. 
 
 355. A PIPE, or Fife {tibia), seven and three quarter inches 
 long, made from the shin-bone of a bird. 
 
 356. ROUNDELS, in Bone, from one and a half inch in 
 diameter, to upwards of two inches ; and from a quarter to half an 
 inch thick ; ornamented with concentric circles and small circles, 
 variously arranged. They were probably used in playing some game. 
 
 357. SWORD or Dagger-hilts, in Bone, and one in wood. 
 
 358. SHOEMAKER'S Awl, five and a quarter inches in length ; 
 the handle is of wood, the lower part of which is bound with 
 bronze. 
 
 No, 352. 
 
80 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 ROMAN AND ROMANO-BRITISH. 
 
 359. BUCKLER of Bronze, twenty-one and a half inches in 
 diameter. It has a semi-globular umbo, beneath which is the 
 handle, also of bronze. The outside of the buckler is covered 
 with eleven concentric circles of small convex studs, alternating 
 with circular ribs ; it was found in the bed of the Thames, off 
 London ; one very similar, having twenty-six concentric circles of 
 studs, was dredged up, together with a leaf-shaped bronze sword, 
 
 No. 359. 
 
 off Woolwich, in 1830; and others of the same kind have been 
 found in various parts of the kingdom. These shields, as well as 
 the swords, daggers, and spears in bronze, have been hitherto 
 generally termed British ; but this attribution is not satisfactory, 
 and the term Celtic, although more comprehensive, appears also 
 objectionable. All of these weapons have, more or less, an Eastern 
 character, and closely resemble in their forms the representations 
 which have come down to us of the Etruscan, Greek, and early 
 Roman arms, while, at the same time, they do not accord with the 
 descriptions of the arms of the Britons, as given by ancient writers. 
 That the general use of bronze was anterior to that of iron, in 
 countries where iron was not indigenous, or little known, there can 
 
ROMAN AND ROMANO-BRITISH. 
 
 81 
 
 be no doubt ; but at a comparatively early period after the con- 
 quest of Britain we find iron superseding bronze in the manu- 
 facture of weapons. It is true that daggers in bronze have been 
 found in tumuli which seem, without doubt, to be British ; but we 
 must consider these tumuli of the Romano-British period, and not 
 anterior to the conquest of Britain by Caesar. See some sensible 
 remarks by Mr. Wright on this subject in The Celt, the Roman, 
 and the Saxon, p. 74, et seq.; also, An Enquiry into the JEra when 
 Brass was used in purposes to which Iron is now applied, by the Rev. 
 John Hodgson, printed in the first volume of the Archceologia 
 JEliana. 
 
 360. DAGGER, in Bronze, eight and a half inches in length. 
 
 361. DAGGER, in Bronze, ten and a 
 half inches long, but only three quarters 
 of an inch wide. 
 
 362. SCABBARD of Dagger, in 
 Bronze ; it was about eight inches long 
 when perfect. 
 
 363. FRAGMENT of a Bronze 
 Sword, fourteen inches in length. 
 
 364. JAVELIN-Head, in Bronze, 
 six inches in length. The hollow socket 
 for the shaft extends to the extreme point 
 of the cusp, a peculiarity common to all of 
 the varieties following. 
 
 365. JAVELIN-Head, eight and a 
 
 half inches in length. This is a very No. 362. 
 
 elegantly-worked specimen, being ribbed up the centre of the 
 socket, and on the sides of the cusp; it has also a lozenge-ear 
 
 M 
 
82 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 or projection on each side of the socket, probably to admit a 
 string for securing it more firmly to the shaft. 
 
 366. JAVELIN-HEAD, the same length as the preceding, but 
 wider in the spread of the sides of the cusp, and larger in the 
 socket ; it has two loops close to the bottom of the cusp. 
 
 367. SPEAR-HEAD, twelve inches long, and one and three 
 quarters at the widest part. 
 
 368. ORNAMENTED Plate, in Bronze, the use or applica- 
 tion of which is by no means obvious. It measures four and a half 
 inches by three inches. 
 
 No. 308. 
 
 369. SPEAR-HEAD, sixteen inches long, and two inches wide. 
 
ROMAN AND ROMANO-BRITISH. 
 
 83 
 
 370. SPEAR-HEAD, twenty-two inches long, and two and a 
 half inches wide at the broadest part of the cusp. The socket of 
 this fine specimen, instead of being rounded at the cusp like those 
 of most of the others, rises to an angle. It was taken up by a 
 casting-net from the bed of the Thames, at Datchet. 
 
 371. CELT, of the common type, four and a half inches. 
 
 372. PAALSTAB, six and a half inches. The remarks on 
 No. 359 will apply to these two implements. 
 
 I 
 
 373. STYLE, or acus, in bronze, eight and a quarter 
 inches in length. See the reduced cut on the side of this 
 page. 
 
 374. SPEAR-HEAD, in Iron, twenty-three inches in 
 length, and two and a quarter inches wide at the lower 
 part of the cusp. 
 
 375. SPEAR-HEAD, in Iron, fifteen inches in length, 
 and two and a quarter inches broad in the widest part of 
 the cusp. 
 
 I have placed these two spear-heads under the head 
 " Roman", chiefly because the sockets for the staves are 
 perfect throughout the entire circumference ; while the 
 early Saxon spear-heads, which in other respects they 
 resemble, are almost invariably split in the socket. 
 
 376. ARROW-HEAD, in Iron, five inches in length. 
 The cusp is solid and triangular, projecting slightly from 
 the socket. 
 
 377. ARROW-HEAD, in Iron, three and a half 
 inches in length, with conical cusp. 
 
 I am enabled to classify these two rare and well-pre- 
 
 No. 373. 
 
84 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 served specimens with confidence, in consequence of the discovery 
 of some very analogous examples at Hod Hill, in Dorsetshire, with 
 other weapons and miscellaneous remains of unmixed Roman origin. 
 
 378. ENAMELLED Bronze Plate, seven inches in length. 
 The colours remaining are red, blue, and dark green; the most 
 durable have been the dark green and the blue ; the red is partially 
 decomposed, and has lost much of its original tint ; another pigment 
 has vanished entirely ; the cells which contained it have now a grey 
 or very light green appearance, and it is probable it may have been 
 originally a metallic light green. The accompanying woodcut gives 
 a faithful representation (half the size of the original) of this beau- 
 tiful piece of ancient art. In general character of workmanship 
 and ornamentation, it may be compared with the Bartlow vase, and 
 with some other Roman enamels found in this country and in 
 France : but the details of the designs bespeak a later period, and 
 it is probable our ornament may be as late as the sixth century. 
 
ROMAN AND ROMAN 0- BRITISH. 
 
 85 
 
 379. ARROW-HEAD, in Iron, combining both the cusp and 
 the spiculum; the former is quadrilateral, and three inches in length ; 
 an inch below are the barbs, projecting one and a half inches above 
 the nail-like point, which was fixed into the shaft. I have never 
 seen any other example of this formidable compound arrow-head. 
 It was dug up in Cannon Street. 
 
 i 
 
 380. ARROW-HEADS of various kinds, some resembling Nos. 
 377 and 378 ; others with barbs; all of iron. 
 
 381. DAGGER, in Wood. It is of the well known form of the 
 Roman puyio, and was found under circumstances which confirm 
 its origin ; it was probably a child's toy. 
 
 382. RINGS, in Bronze, oxidized together, apparently portions 
 of the lorica, or body armour. 
 
 ROMAN COINS. 
 
 MEDALLIONS IN BKASK. 
 
 383. FAUSTINA the Younger. Obv. favstina avgvsta. 
 Head of Faustina to the left. Rev. venus. Venus standing 
 between a Cupid and a Triton. 
 
 384. COMMODUS. Obv. m. commodvs antoninvs pivsfelix 
 avg. brit. Laureated head of Commodus to the right. Rev. 
 cos. vi. p. p. in the exergue. The sun in a car drawn by four 
 horses on the clouds : below, the recumbent Earth, with right arm 
 raised, and holding in the left a cornucopia. 
 
86 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 GOLD. 
 
 385. MAXIMIANUS. Obv. maximianvs. p. f. avg. Laureated 
 head of Maximianus to the right. Rev. salvs. avggg. Per- 
 sonification of the goddess Salus standing, and feeding a serpent 
 from a patera. In the exergue, m.l., for Moneta Londinensis. 
 
 This is one of the rarest coins in the Roman series. Although 
 it bears the effigies and name of Maximian, it was doubtless struck 
 by Carausius to imply that his assumption of the imperial title and 
 power in Britain was recognized by Diocletian and Maximian. 
 
 S1LVEE. 
 The reverses only are given. 
 
 386. CONSULAR, considia. — Victory in a quadriga. — 
 fonteia. Cupid on a goat. — l. fvri cn. f. Curule chair and 
 fasces. — petronia. caesar avgvstvs sign. rece. A kneeling 
 figure presenting a standard. 
 
 Two of these are of base silver. There are also a few specimens 
 of family denarii in lead, some of which bear evident marks of 
 having been plated. 
 
 387. PLATED Consular and Imperial Denarii, found together in 
 making excavations for a house in King William Street, City. 
 They are of iron, coated with a thick plate of silver. They are 
 much oxidized, and, in consequence, when found, were in masses ; 
 but it was evident they had been packed in regular tiers in a box 
 or some other enclosure. Some are in good preservation, and they 
 are, altogether, interesting, as shewing an ingenious mode of forging 
 coins by the Romans to pass current in Britain. The latest are of 
 Claudius, and it may, therefore, be inferred that they were intro- 
 duced in his reign. 
 
 388. JULIUS, i .ae . . bvca. Venus standing, holding the hasta. 
 
 389. AUGUSTUS, avgvsti. A candelabrum within a wreath. 
 
 390. POMPEIUS clas. et orae marit. ex. s. c. 
 
 Anapius and Amphinomus ; Neptune standing between them. 
 
 391. NERO, ivpiter cvstos. Jupiter seated ; (much defaced.) 
 
ROMAN COINS. 
 
 87 
 
 392. VITELLIUS. concordia p. r. A female figure, seated. 
 
 393. VESPASIANUS. itdaea. — aygvr. tri. pot. Sacrificial 
 vessels. 
 
 394. TITUS, principi ivventvtis. Standard, with two hands 
 joined across it. 
 
 395. DOMITIANUS. Titles; Pallas, standing. 
 
 396. NERVA. cos. in. pater, patriae. Sacrificial instru- 
 ments. — concordia exercitvvm. Hands joined across a 
 standard. 
 
 397. TRAJANUS. s. p. q. r. optimo principi. Victory in- 
 scribing on a shield affixed to a tree, dacica. 
 
 398. HADRIANUS. aegyptos. — Alexandria. — resti- 
 tvtori hispaniae. — Titles, with common types. 
 
 399. ANTONINUS PIUS, apoeeini avgvsto. — fortvna 
 
 OPSEQYENS (sic.) TRANQYILLITAS AYG. Titles. 
 
 400. MARCUS AURELIUS. eelic. avg. imp. yi. cos. in. 
 Mercury. — Titles ; Victory on a globe, holding a wreath and 
 trophy. — Idem ; common types. 
 
 401. FAUSTINA the Younger, fecynd aygvstae. A 
 female figure with four children. — iyno. 
 
 402. VERUS. Titles; Soldiers marching with trophy and a 
 victory. — A warrior standing. — Type of equity. 
 
 403. LUCILLA. vesta. — ivno regina. 
 
 404. COMMODUS. Titles ; Victory marching ; and other com- 
 mon types. 
 
 405. SEVERUS. provid. deorvm. — yictoriae avgg. fee. 
 — bonae spei. — eeg. xi. cl. tr. p. cos. Eagle between two 
 standards. — fvndator pacis. 
 
88 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 406. JULIA DOMNA. mater avgg. Cybele in a car, drawn 
 by four lions. — hilaritas. — cereri frvgif. — felicitas. — 
 
 IVNO REGINA. SAECVLI EELICITAS. DIANA LVCIFERA. 
 
 407. CARACALLA. Titles ; Trophy, and captives. 
 
 408. PLAUTILLA. concordiae. Female figure seated. — 
 concordiae aeternae. Caracalla and Plautilla joining hands. 
 
 409. GETA. principi ivventvtis. — pietas avgg. 
 
 410. MACRINUS. salvs pvblica. Type of Salus seated. 
 
 411. AQUILIA SEVERA. concordia. Female figure standing 
 to the left before an altar ; in right hand, a patera ; in the left, a 
 cornucopias ; in the field, a star. 
 
 412. JULIA SOAEMIAS. venvs caelestis Venus standing ; 
 in the field, a star. 
 
 413. JULIA MAESA. fecvnditas avg. Female figure, with 
 a cornucopias ; at her feet, a child. 
 
 414. JULIA MAMMAEA. ivno conservatrix. — venvs 
 
 VICTRIX. VESTA. 
 
 415. SEVERUS ALEXANDER, spes pvblica. — p.m.tr.p. 
 ii. cos. p. p. Type of Salus. — Titles; the sun standing. 
 
 416. MAXIMINUS. pax avgvsti. Type of Peace. 
 
 417. BALBINUS. providentia deorvm. Type of Providence. 
 
 418. GORDIANUS. pax avgvsti. — virtvti avgvsti. 
 Hercules. 
 
 419. SALONINA. pietas avgg. A female figure holding the 
 hasta; before her, two children. 
 
 420. TREBONIANUS GALLUS. votis decennalibvs, in a 
 wreath. 
 
"ROMAN COINS. 
 
 89 
 
 421. VOLUSIANUS. vtrtvs avgg. Mars standing. 
 
 422. VALERIANUS. pietasavgg. Two figures joining hands. 
 — apollini conservat. — Others in billon, badly preserved. 
 
 423. VALERIANUS JUNIOR. pietas avgg. Sacrificial 
 vessels. — consecratio. 
 
 424. POSTUMUS. dianae lvciferae. Diana standing. 
 
 425. JULIANUS. vot. x. mvlt. xx. in a wreath. 
 
 426. VALENS. vebs koma; in exergue, trps. 
 
 427. URBS ROMA. A half of the well-known little coin with 
 the wolf and twins on the reverse ; in exergue, L. c. It is remark- 
 able, being in silver. Halves of denarii of Otacilia and Caracalla, in 
 good silver, occur among the Thames coins. They appear to have 
 been broken purposely, probably for convenience of commerce. 
 
 428. ANCIENT Forged Denarii. By far the larger portion of 
 denarii found in the Thames consist of lead and brass, plated with 
 silver. 
 
 In lead, this collection contains specimens of the Consular, Mark 
 Antony (reverse, Octavius), Plautilla, Vespasian, Nerva, Trajan, 
 Plotina, Hadrian, Pius (reverse, Aurelius), Aurelius, Faustina, 
 Verus, Lucilla, Didius Julianus, Caracalla, Geta, and Severus 
 Alexander. 
 
 There are, also, two leaden consular quinarii. 
 
 Of brass, plated with silver, there are examples of Augustus, 
 Trajan, Hadrian, Aurelius, Severus, Julia ancl Soaemias. Of 
 Severus and Julia, they are very abundant. See also No. 387. 
 
 LARGE BRASS. 
 
 429. NERO. roma. — annona aygvsti ceres. 
 
 430. GALBA. roma, across the field. — Another quite illegible. 
 
 431. VESPASIANUS. roma. — cos. des. ii. caesar. 
 
 domit. cos. des. Titus and Domitian standing. 
 
 N 
 
90 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 432. TITUS. ROMA. ANNONAAVG. IVDAEA CAPTA. The 
 
 last of these is a very fine and interesting coin. 
 
 433. DOMITIANUS. germania. . . (Capta). — iovi victori. 
 
 — s. c. The Emperor sacrificing at an altar before a temple. — 
 s. c. The Emperor standing with his right foot on a recumbent river 
 god. — s. c. The Emperor and two soldiers, with one of whom 
 he is joining hands over an altar. — s. c. The Emperor crowned 
 by Victory. 
 
 434. NERVA. fortvna avgvst. — concordia exercitvvm. 
 Two hands joined across a standard. 
 
 435. TRAJANUS. s. p. q. r. optimo principi ; in exergue : 
 arae. adq. — s. p. q. r., etc. The Emperor on horseback, riding 
 over a prostrate figure. — s. p. q. r., etc. Various types of Peace, 
 Abundance, etc. foetvnae redvci. — A badly-preserved spe- 
 cimen of the Rex Parthis Datus type. 
 
 436. HADRIANUS. restitvtori orbis terrarvm. — nep. 
 
 RED. FORTVNA. FEEICITATI AVG. COS. III. P. P. A galley 
 
 with five rowers. — concordia exercitvvm. — felicitas avg. 
 
 — moneta avgvsti. — Titles, with types of Peace, Abundance, 
 etc. 
 
 437. SABINA. Illegible. 
 
 438. ANTONINUS PIUS, salvs. — vota svscepta decenn. 
 iiii. cos. in. — annona avg. — roma. — s. c. Type of Hope. 
 
 APOLLINI AVGVSTO. ABVNDANTIA AVG. CONCORDIA EX- 
 ERCITVVM. — tr* pot. cos. iiii. Wolf and twins. — felicitas 
 
 AVG. PIETATI AVG. INDVLGENTIA AVG. CONSECRATIO. 
 
 cos. iiii. s. c. The Emperor in a quadriga. 
 
 439. FAUSTINA the Elder, s. c. Figure standing. — av- 
 
 GVSTA. AETERNITAS. 
 
 440. MARCUS AURELIUS. vict. avg., etc. Titles : in ex- 
 ergue, relig avg. Temple of Mercury. — imp. vi. cos. hi. Victory 
 inscribing on a shield vie. gee. — salvti avgvstor., etc. — 
 Titles : A figure with four standards. — germania svbacta. — 
 
ROMAN COINS. 
 
 91 
 
 vota svscepta decennaeivm. — s. c. Pallas throwing a javelin. 
 — Titles : Victory inscribing on a shield vie. par. — Idem, in 
 exergue, fort. red. — vict. germ. imp. vi. cos. hi. in a wreath. 
 
 441. FAUSTINA the Younger, ceres. — A female figure 
 standing. 
 
 442. VERUS. Concordia avgvstor. tr. p. cos. ii. — Titles : a 
 captive beneath a trophy. — Idem, Victory standing ; beside her, 
 a shield, inscribed, vict. part., suspended from a tree. — rex 
 
 ARM EN. DAT. 
 
 443. LUCILLA. ivno. — venvs. 
 
 444. COMMODUS. vict. brit. Victory seated upon arms. — 
 Titles : the Emperor seated, holding a globe, and crowned by 
 Victory. — Titles : in exergue, for. red. 
 
 445. ALBINUS lo frvgif ... The S<eculo Frugifero 
 
 type, badly preserved. 
 
 446. SEVERUS. Legend gone. The three Monetae standing. — 
 Female figure seated, holding a patera. 
 
 447. JULIA DOMNA. veneri victrici. Venus standing. 
 
 448. GETA. fort. red. tr. p. hi. cos. ii. p. p. Fortune seated. 
 
 449. JULIA MAMMAEA. venvs victrix. — fecvnditas 
 avgvstae. 
 
 450. GORDIANUS. secvritas avg. Security seated. 
 
 451. POSTUMUS. A specimen, badly preserved. 
 
 MIDDLE BRASS. 
 452. AUGUSTUS. . . . maccilivs tvllvs hi. vir. a. a. a. 
 f. f. — provident. — rom. et avg. (Altar.) 
 
 453. AGRIPPA. s. c. Neptune, standing. 
 
92 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 454. CLAUDIUS, s. c. Pallas. — ceres avgvsta. — libertas 
 avgvsta. — con stan tiae avgvsti. — There are also a number 
 of the first of these types, of very barbarous work, apparently 
 provincial imitations. 
 
 455. ANTONIA. ti. clavdivs caesar. p. m. tr. p. imp. 
 
 456. GERMANICVS. c. caesar avg. germanicvs pon. m. 
 tr. pot. In the field, s. c. 
 
 457. CALIGULA. Legend gone. Vesta, seated. 
 
 458. NERO, pace p. r., etc. Temple of Janus. — s. c. Tri- 
 umphal arch. — mac. avg. — ara pacis. — genio avgvsti. — 
 pontif. max, etc. Nero playing on a harp. — secvritas avg. — 
 victoria avgvsti. — s. c. Victory with shield, inscribed s.p. Q. r. 
 
 459. VESPASIANUS. s. c. Temple of six columns. — roma. — 
 
 PELICITAS AVG. — FIDES PVBLICA. — VICTORIA AVGVSTI. — S. C. 
 
 Victory with shield, inscribed s. p. q. r. — provident. Altar. 
 
 — PAX. AVG. — IVDAEA CAPTA. — EQVITAS. — PORTVNAE REDVCI. 
 
 — s. c. Eagle on a globe. — secvritas avgvsti. 
 
 460. TITUS. ROMA. — IVDAEA CAPTA- — AEQVITAS AVGVSTI. 
 
 — VICTORIA AVGVSTI. — VICTORIA NAVALIS. — S. C. Altar. 
 
 pelicitas pvblica. — s. c. Type of Hope. 
 
 461. DOMITIANUS. s. c. The Emperor on horseback. — s. c. 
 Soldier with trophy. — s. c. Heap of arms. — annona avg. — 
 
 AEQVITAS AVGVSTI. — FORTVNAE AVGVSTAE. — VIRTVTI AVGVSTI. 
 
 — MONETA AVGVSTI. — FIDEI PVBLIC A.E. — IOVI CONSERVATORI. 
 
 — s. c. Type of Hope. 
 
 462. NERVA. libertas avg. — concordia exercitvvm. — 
 
 AEQVITAS AVGVSTI. — FORTVNAE AVGVSTI. — NEPTVNO 
 
 Neptune standing to the right, his left hand grasping a trident, 
 behind him the Tiber. The last of these is an exceedingly rare type. 
 
 463. TRAJANUS. s. p. q. r. optimo principi. Emperorin 
 a quadriga. — Column. — Soldiers with two trophies. — Three 
 standards. — Captive seated on arms before a trophy. — Female 
 
ROMAN COINS. 
 
 93 
 
 figure, standing; in exergue, arab. adqvis. — Victory, standing ; 
 on a shield suspended from a tree, vie. dac. — Victory standing 
 by a trophy. — Horseman and prostrate figure. — Titles : Victory 
 with shield inscribed, s. p. q. r. — Fortune, seated. — Types of 
 Piety, Abundance, etc. 
 
 464. HADRIANUS. cos. in. Pegasus. — font. max. tr. pot. 
 cos. in. In exergue, Britannia. The province of Britain seated 
 on a rock, with spear and shield. Of this interesting type there 
 are several examples. — Titles : three standards ; modius ; types 
 
 of Fortune, Piety, etc. — felicit Two figures, joining 
 
 hands. — cos. in. Varieties of the galley type. — annona. — 
 s. c. in wreath. — s. c. Pallas. — hilaritas p. r. cos. hi. — 
 
 AFRICA. — FIDES PVBLICA. 
 
 465. SABINA. s. c. Ceres, seated on a modius ; in her right 
 hand, flowers ; in left, a torch. 
 
 466. ANTONINUS PIUS, imperator ii.j in exergue, an- 
 
 CILIA. — GENIO SENATVS. — BONO EVENTVI. — ANNONA AVG. — 
 
 concord, cos. mi. Three hands. — pietas avg. — concordia 
 exercitvvm. — Britannia cos. iui. ; several of this type. — s. c. 
 A figure, holding a lyre and patera. — pm . . . cos. des. ii. Titles ; 
 Pallas, standing. — Types of Piety, Fortune, Liberty, Felicity, etc. 
 
 467. FAUSTINA the Elder, aeternitas. Female figure, 
 standing. — Idem. A seated figure, holding a globe, on which is a 
 phoenix. — pietas avg. — felicitas. — veneri avgvstae. — 
 ivnoni REGiNiE. — avgvsta. — s. c. Diana, standing. 
 
 468. MARCUS AURELIUS. pietas. — concordia. — 
 ivventas. — concordia exerc. ... — imp. vni . . . . ; in area, 
 felicit . . . Galley, with rowers. — Titles ; Types of Equity, etc. 
 
 469. FAUSTINA the Younger, s. c. Diana. — salvs 
 
 AVGVSTA. — FELICITAS. 
 
 470. VERUS. liberal itas tr. p. v. imp. cos. Type of 
 Liberality. — concordia avgvstorvm. Two figures, joining hands. 
 
 471. COMMODUS. herc. commodiano p. m. tr. p. xvi. cos. 
 
94 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 vi. A figure sacrificing on an altar before a tree, on which is a lion's 
 skin. — herc. roman. avgv. . . Club in a wreath. — s. c. 
 
 Minerva, standing. — tr. p. xv. imp. viii. cos. vi. 
 
 A ploughman driving two oxen. — Titles ; Female figure with 
 cornucopia?. 
 
 472. SEVERUS. p. m. tr. p. xvi. cos. hi. p. p. Victory, 
 seated on arms before a trophy ; in right hand, a palm ; in left, a 
 shield. — romae aeternae. Rome seated on arms. 
 
 473. JULIA DOMNA. fortvnae feeici. Fortune, seated; 
 before her, a child ; behind, a column with a statue upon it. 
 
 474. CARACALLA. yirtvs avgvstorvm. An armed female, 
 seated on a helmet, and holding a victory ; behind her, a shield. 
 — pontif. tr. p. xi. cos. hi. In exergue, prop. avgg. The 
 Emperor on horseback, galloping over a prostrate foe. 
 
 475. GETA. fort, red., etc. — Fortune, seated. 
 
 476. MACRINUS. annom. avg. — pontif max. tr. p. ii. 
 cos. ii. p. p. Security leaning on a pillar. — Idem. The Emperor 
 in a quadriga. 
 
 477. SEVERUS ALEXANDER, liberalitas avg. hi. — 
 fides militvm. — p. m. tr. p. x. cos. hi. p. p. A female figure 
 holding ears of corn over a modius ; in left hand, a plough-share. 
 
 478. MAXIMUS. pietas avg. Sacrificial vessels. 
 
 479. GORDIANUS. eaetitia avg. n. — Titles; a soldier, 
 standing. 
 
 480. PHILIPPUS. AEQVITAS AVG. — FELICITAS TEMP. 
 
 481. DIOCLETIANUS. genio popvli romani ; in exergue, 
 p. tr. — Idem ; in exergue, pe., etc. 
 
 482. MAXIMIANUS. genio popvli romani ; in exergue, p. 
 
 L. C. — HERCVLI CONSERVATORI. 
 
 483. CONSTANTIUS. genio popvli romani ; in ex., p. tr. 
 
ROMAN COINS. 
 
 95 
 
 484. FL. VAL. SEVERUS. genio popvli romani. Genius, 
 standing. 
 
 485. CONSTANTINUS. principi ivventvtis. A military 
 figure with two standards ; in exergue, p. tr. 
 
 SMALL BKASS. 
 
 486. NERO. cer. qvinq. rom. con. s. c. — genio avgvsti 
 s. c — pontif. max. tr. p. imp. p.p. s.c An armed female figure 
 seated on arms. — max. trib s.c. similar. 
 
 487. TRAJANUS. s. c. A vase and wreath, on a table. 
 
 488. POSTUMUS. pax avgg. — moneta avg. — victoria 
 
 AVG. 
 
 489. GALLIENUS. victoria avg. — salts avg. — neptvno 
 cons. avg. A sea-horse. — soli. cons. avg. Pegasus. — 
 apollini. cons. avg. Centaur. — dianae. cons. avg. A stag. 
 
 — XiiBERO p. cons. Panther. — Various. 
 
 490. VICTORINUS. pax. avg. — invictvs. — virtvs avg. 
 
 — SALVS AVG. — EAETITIA AVG. — AEQVITAS AVG. — Various. 
 
 491. MARIUS. victoria avg. — concordia militvm. 
 
 492. CLAUDIUS GOTHICUS. genivs exercitvs. _ se- 
 
 CVRIT. AVG. — FORTVNA AVG. — LIBERT. AVG. — DIANA LVCIF. 
 
 — iovi victori. — consecratio. — Various, badly struck. 
 
 493. QUINTILLUS. marti pacif. — concord, exer. — 
 
 CONCORD. MILITVM. — FORTVNA AVG. 
 
 494. AURELIANUS. restitvtori exercitvs. — concordia 
 
 MILITVM. — VICTORIA AVG. 
 
 495. SEVERINA. concordia militvm. A female figure 
 holding two standards. 
 
9(5 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 496. THE TETRICI. paxavg. — virtvs. avgg. — hilaritas 
 avgg. — spes pvblica. — Various, badly struck. 
 
 497. TACITUS, laetitia fvnd., in exergue, xxi. — tem- 
 
 PORVM FELICITAS. 
 
 498. PROBUS. virtvs probi. avg. — pax avg. — concord. 
 
 MILIT. 
 
 499. NUMERIANUS. vndiqve victores., in exergue, kas. 
 A male figure standing ; in his right hand, a globe ; in his left, the 
 hasta pura. 
 
 500. CARINUS. aeqvitas avgg., infield, a; in exergue, k.a.z. 
 
 501. DIOCLETIANUS. iovi conservatori. — pax avggg., 
 in field, s. p., in exergue, mlxxi. — genio. pop. rom. 
 
 502. MAXIMIANUS. pax avggg., infield, s. p. ; in exergue, 
 
 MLXXI. — VIRTVS AVGG. GENIO. POP. ROM. 
 
 503. CARAUSIUS. exp eni (Expectate Veni). Two 
 
 figures. — FORTVNA AVG. — FIDES MILITVM. — MART . . . R. — MO- 
 
 neta avg., in exergue, c. — Idem, in field, s. p. — pax avg. ; in the 
 field, the letters b. r., or b. e., or f. o., or f. e., or s. c, or s. p., and 
 in exergue, m.l., or mlxxi or c. Type of Peace, standing ; in right 
 hand, a flower, in left, the hasta held transversely on some speci- 
 mens; on others, erect. — pax avggg., in field, s. p. ; in exergue, 
 c. or mlxxi. — pietas avggg., in field, l. p. ; in exergue, m. c. 
 Mercury ( a unique type). — provid. avg., in field, s. p. or s. c. ; 
 in exergue, c. Types of Providence. — laetitia avg. — sec 
 .... per. . . Security leaning on a column ; in right hand, a gar- 
 land. — SPES PVBLICA. — SALVS AVG. — TEMP. FELICITAS. The 
 
 four seasons personified. — iovi . . . ser. — virtvs avg. — 
 victoria avg. Victory, on a globe, holding a wreath and palm 
 branch ; at her feet, two captives (a unique type). — roma reno 
 
 . . Wolf and twins. — leg. . . ii. A ram. — legend 
 
 defaced ; a Capricorn. 
 
 504. ALLECTUS. laetitia avg., in field, s. a. or s. p. ; in 
 exergue, m. l. or c. A female figure, standing. — The same legend. 
 
ROMAN COINS. 
 
 97 
 
 — A galley; in exergue, q. c. or q. l. — moneta avg., in field, 
 s. a., in exergue, m. l. — pax. avg., in field, s. or s. p., or s. pi. ; 
 in exergue, ml, or mlxx, or m.s.l., or c. Peace standing. — 
 pietas avg. — provid. avg., in field, s.p., in exergue, c. — 
 Idem ; the obverse reading imp. c. allectvs. piv. fee. avg. — 
 provide, avg. — providentia avg., in field, s.a., in exergue, 
 ml. — temporvm felicitas. Female figure standing. — vir- 
 tvs avg., in field, s.a, in exergue, ml. Mars, standing. — vir- 
 tvs avg., varieties of the Galley type. 
 
 505. HELENA, pax pvblica ; in exergue, tr.p. — secv- 
 ritas reipvblicae ; in exergue, p. lon. A female figure, 
 standing, holding in right hand a branch. 
 
 506. THEODORA, pietas romana ; in exergue, t.r. — A 
 woman suckling two children. 
 
 507. GAL. VAL. MAXIMIANUS. principi ivventvt; in 
 exergue, xxi.t. A military figure, holding a standard and hasta. 
 
 CONCORDIA MILITVM. 
 
 508. C. GAL. VAL. MAXIMINUS. genio pop. bom., in 
 exergue, p.l.n. 
 
 509. MAXENTIUS. victoria dd. nn. avgg. 
 
 510. THE LICINII. genio pop. rom. — licini avgvsti 
 
 VOTIS. XX. SOLI INVICTO COMITI. VOT. V. MVLT. X. CAESS. 
 
 t. s. a. — d. n. licin. avgvsti ; in a wreath, vot. xx. 
 
 511. CONSTANTINUS MAXIMUS. beata tranqvillitas, 
 in exergue, s.tr. — victoriae laetae, etc. — virtvs exercit. 
 
 — sarmatia devicta, in exergue, p. lon. — Idem ; in exergue, 
 p.l.c. — romae aeternae. — providentiae avgg., in exergue, 
 p. lon. — virtvs avg., in exergue, s. cons. — marti conser- 
 vatori. Head of Mars. — Idem; in exergue, p.tr. Mars, 
 standing. — soli invicto comiti. — concordia milit. — The 
 emperor descending in a quadriga; from above, an outstretched 
 hand. — Various. 
 
98 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 512. [POPULUS ROMANUS.] Obv. pop. romanvs. Youth- 
 ful laureated bust, with cornucopise. Rev. cons. b. A star, 
 within a wreath. 
 
 513. [URBS ROMA.] Wolf and twins; various letters in 
 exergue. 
 
 514. [CONSTANTINOPOLIS.] Genius, with shield and hasta. 
 
 515. FAUSTA. spes reipvblicae, in exergue, p.tr. A 
 female with two children. 
 
 516. CRISPUS. principi ivventvtis, in exergue, p.l.n. — 
 
 beata tranqvillitas, in exergue, p. lon., or P.L.C. PROVI- 
 
 dentia caess. — virtvs exercit., in exergue, P. LON. 
 
 caesarvm nostrorvm vot. x. ; in exergue, a. sis. ; or p. lon. ; 
 or s.tr. — Various. 
 
 517. CONSTANTINUS JUNIOR, beata tranqvillitas ; in 
 exergue, p. lon., or s.tr. — claritas reipvb. — caesarvm 
 nostrorvm votis v., in exergue, p. lon. — virtvs caess. — 
 Various. 
 
 518. CONST ANS. victoriae dd. avgg. q. nn. — pel. 
 temp, reparatio. A phoenix. 
 
 519. CONSTANTIUS II. pel, temp, reparatio; in ex- 
 ergue, aq.s., and varieties. 
 
 520. MAGNENTIUS. felicitas reipvblicae, in exergue, 
 tr.p. — pel. temp, reparatio ; in exergue, tr.s. The emperor 
 in a galley, rowed by a Victory. 
 
 521. DECENTIUS. vict. dd. nn. avgg. et caess. — Idem 
 in exergue, tr.p. Two Victories, holding a shield inscribed vot. 
 v. mvlt. x. 
 
 522. JULIANUS. vot. x. mvlt. xx., in a wreath. 
 
 523. VALENTINIANUS. restitvtor reipvblicae. — salvs 
 
 REIPVB. 
 
ROMAN COINS. 
 
 99 
 
 524. VALENS. secvritas reipvblicae. — gloria RO- 
 MANORVM. 
 
 525. GRATIANUS. gloria romanorym. — yictoria avgg. 
 
 526. VICTOR, spes romanorvm ; in exergue, s.m.r.q.s. The 
 camp gate. 
 
 527. HONORIUS. gloria romanorvm. 
 
 528. MINIMI, or very small coins, struck by the Romans, or 
 Romano-Britons, at a late period, but too rudely executed to be 
 classified. 
 
 BRITISH COINS. 
 
 529. IN GOLD. Obv., convex; rev., concave; a horse cur- 
 veting ; across the field, diagonally, a tree or palm branch, and, 
 around, four circles. Weight, twenty grains. 
 
 530. IN BRASS. Obv., a horse curveting; below, cvn. Rev., 
 an ear of corn ; across the field, cam. 
 
ANGLO-SAXON. 
 
 WEAPONS IN IRON. 
 
 531. SWORD, double-edged and pointed, 
 twenty-four inches in length in the blade; the 
 handle, which has lost its woodwork and pummel, 
 is four inches long. Traces of the sheath re- 
 main ; it was of wood, or leather, or some other 
 perishable matter, edged with metal ; the oxida- 
 tion of the iron of the weapon has impregnated 
 the sheath, and converted it into a coating of 
 rust; on the back, the metal loop, by which it 
 was fixed to the girdle, remains quite perfect. 
 
 532. SWORD, very similar in every respect 
 to the preceding ; it also retains part of the 
 scabbard. Both of these specimens are very rare. 
 
 533. SWORD, twenty-eight inches in length ; 
 handle, four and a half inches ; width, two and 
 a quarter to two and a half inches ; double- 
 edged, but not so acutely pointed as Nos. 531 
 and 532. 
 
 534. SWORD, twenty-seven inches in the 
 blade; entire length of handle, five and a half 
 inches; the blade is two inches wide in the 
 broadest part; the handle is provided with a 
 guard and pommel, which are wanting in the 
 preceding specimen. 
 
ANGLO-SAXON 
 
 WEAPONS. 
 
 535. ANOTHER, of the same kind, but slightly 
 differing in the form of the handle. These two swords 
 ma}' be considered of later date than the others, and 
 they are usually termed Danish. They resemble the 
 types given in page 49 of Worsaae's Primceval An- 
 tiquities of Denmark, and in page 167 of Wakeman's 
 Handbook of Irish Antiquities. 
 
 536. SWORD-HANDLE, the termination of which 
 is semicircular ; portions of the wood remain ; it 
 would appear to be of earlier date than Nos. 534 
 and 535. 
 
 537. KNIFE-SWORD, or Cutlas, twenty-six 
 inches in length; when perfect, it must have been 
 upwards of thirty inches. It is shewn in the annexed 
 cut. The extraordinary and interesting class of early 
 Saxon weapons to which this belongs was never, I believe, 
 known in England until I produced this specimen in the 
 second volume of my Collectanea Antiqua. Our col- 
 leagues on the other side of the Channel often term them 
 sabres and cutlasses, from a certain resemblance they 
 bear to the modern weapons known by those names. 
 They appear to be the cultri validi of Gregory of Tours, 
 who states they were commonly called scramasaxi, and 
 that they were poisoned. But the grooves which were 
 supposed to have received the poison are not near the 
 point or the edge ; and in some of the smaller speci- 
 mens, we find them filled with brass, evidently as an 
 ornament. The specimen, shewn in the cut, is doubly 
 grooved on each side ; the steel at the edge is unusually 
 well-preserved, and is still sharp. 
 
 538. SWORD, thirty- three inches in length, want- 
 ing the handle. This formidable weapon resembles 
 the preceding example, in being single-edged, knife- 
 shaped, and grooved; but it tapers gradually to the 
 point, and not abruptly. 
 
102 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 539. TWO Swords, each twenty-seven inches in length, in- 
 cluding the handles ; in shape, they resemble No. 537, and, like it 
 and No. 538, are grooved. 
 
 540. KNIFE, twelve and a quarter inches in length ; in form it 
 resembles No. 537; but it has only one groove on each side, close 
 to the top. 
 
 541. KNIFE, thirteen inches in length, and shaped as No. 537. 
 It is inlaid with three longitudinal bands of brass on one side, and 
 one band on the other. It was found in excavating the area of 
 Honey Lane Market ; and on the same spot, and contiguous to the 
 knife, were some coins of iEthelred II. See vol. ii, plate lviii, 
 fig. 3, Collectanea Antiqua. 
 
 542. BATTLE- Axes of early form. 
 
 543. BATTLE- Axes of later date. 
 
 544. FRANCISCA, or Frankish Axe (for comparison), 
 found at Londinieres, and presented by the Abbe Cochet. 
 
 545. LANCE and Spear-Heads, from four to twenty-four 
 inches in length, exclusive of the sockets for the shafts. They in- 
 clude most of the types of the spear-heads found at Ozingell, in 
 Thanet, given in plate i, vol. iii of the Collectanea Antiqua. It 
 may be noticed, however, that some in this collection are of much 
 greater length than any of those from the cemetery at Ozingell. 
 The sockets of all are open up the side ; and, with one or two slight 
 exceptions, quite plain. 
 
 546. SPEAR-HEAD, eighteen and a half inches in length, 
 ornamented at the socket, and provided with a cross-bar, like the 
 Roman venabulum, or hunting-spear. I am not aware that any 
 spear-head of this kind has been discovered in the Anglo-Saxon 
 
ANGLO-SAXON WEAPONS. 
 
 103 
 
 graves, but some with cross-bars have been found in the Frankish 
 graves in France ; they are, however, rare exceptions. 
 
 No, 546. No. 548. 
 
 547. FRAGMENT of another, somewhat similar to the fore- 
 going, but rather smaller. 
 
 548. SPEAR-HEAD, nineteen inches in length, and two and a 
 half inches wide at the base of the cusp. This rare specimen is 
 ornamented on the socket; and the two studs, or heads of rivets 
 for the shaft (shewn in the cut), are of silver. 
 
104 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 549. JAVELIN-HEADS. In some of these may 
 be recognized the framea mentioned by Tacitus. 
 
 550. UMBOS of Shields, probably of the later 
 Anglo-Saxon period. 
 
 551. BATTLE-AXES, also of advanced periods 
 in the Anglo-Saxon epoch. 
 
 552. SPEAR- HEAD, fifteen inches in length, 
 two inches across the spread of the cusp, and 
 ornamented on the socket. It may be assigned to 
 the tenth or eleventh century. 
 
 PERSONAL AND OTHER 
 
 ORNAMENTS. 
 
 553. ENAMELLED Ottche, or Brooch, in 
 gold, discovered, at the depth of about nine feet, No. 552. 
 opposite Dowgate Hill, in Thames Street. It is composed of 
 a circular compartment, one and a quarter inch in diameter, 
 set with variegated enamel, representing a full-faced head and 
 bust, the outlines of which, together with those of a crown upon 
 the head, and the drapery of a mantle and tunic, are formed of 
 threads of gold, effectively arranged so as to mark the features of 
 the face and the folds of the drapery ; this is enclosed in a border 
 of rich gold filigree-work, set, at equal distances, with four pearls. 
 The enamel is composed of a green and blue semi-transparent 
 vitreous material for the garments, and a white opaque substance 
 of a similar nature for the face. The hair, indicated by a darker 
 colour, is divided in two bands over the forehead. The head is 
 ornamented with a crown, surmounted with three globular projec- 
 tions ; the fillets of the crown, shewn on the sides of the head, 
 
.Ancient Enamelled Cue lie in (raid . 
 
ANGLO-SAXON. 
 
 . PERSONAL ORNAMENTS. 
 
 105 
 
 the sides of the head, have foliated terminations. The bust is 
 arrayed in a tunic, over which is a chlamys, or mantle, gracefully 
 attached to the shoulders. 
 
 In a letter addressed to the late Mr. Gage Rokewode, published 
 in the Archceologia, vol. xxix, pp. 70-75, I have assigned reasons 
 for ascribing this beautiful jewel to the ninth century, and I have 
 compared it with the well-known Alfred jewel, and with a large 
 convex brooch in the Hamilton collection of gems in the British 
 Museum. The workmanship is superior to that of both of these 
 examples, but the principle of the construction is much the same 
 in all, as well as in analogous works in the French National col- 
 lections, some of which are probably of a much later date than 
 that proposed for the London jewel, on grounds more fully entered 
 upon in the letter referred to above. This ouche is engraved the 
 actual size in the accompanying plate. 
 
 554. FIBULA, in Bronze, probably 
 of the sixth or seventh century. 
 
 555. FIBULA, in Bronze, circular, 
 with- a volute pattern ; of the same date. 
 
 No. 554. 
 
 556. FIBULA, in Bronze, coated with a thin plate of silver, 
 and ornamented with a rudely-executed representation of a man on 
 horseback; circular; about an inch in diameter; date, seventh or 
 eighth century. It resembles one in the possession of Mr. Fitch, 
 of Ipswich, which was taken from a barrow in the parish of Otley, 
 in Suffolk. 
 
 557. SMALL Circular Bronze Plate, ornamented with 
 lines and circles. 
 
 558. FIBULA, in Lead, decorated with pearled circles, and 
 with letters applied as ornaments. The character of the latter is 
 identical with that of the letters of inscriptions upon the coinage 
 of the earlier Saxon period, but it will be seen, from the super- 
 
 p 
 
106 
 
 CATALOGUE, 
 
 fluous bars to the e, and the obvious 
 arbitrary arrangement, that the letters 
 on this fibula are intended only as 
 ornaments. Fibulae in lead, of the 
 Saxon period, are very uncommon ; 
 there is one in the York Museum, 
 and one in the collection of Mr. 
 W. Chaffers, found in London. 
 
 No. 558. 559. BELT-Plate, in Bkonze, 
 
 three and a quarter inches square. It is worked in a volute 
 pattern, arranged in squares and diamonds, resembling designs 
 often found on the fibulae ; in the centre is a buckle, ornamented 
 with the heads of animals ; it has been fastened at the corners 
 with silver studs, two of which remain. 
 
 560. BUCKLE, in Bronze, one and a half inch in length, ter- 
 minating in the form of the snout of an animal. 
 
 COINS. 
 
 SCEATTAS. 
 
 561. Obv. A DIADEMED head and bust to the right, with 
 the letters siscb, or sisgb. Rev. A figure standing to the front; 
 in his left hand a long cross ; his right holding a wand or sword 
 transversely ; on the left a tree or flower. Col. Ant., vol. ii, plate 
 xliv, fig. 8. 
 
 This is, perhaps, the most interesting known specimen of these 
 early Anglo-Saxon coins; the head on the obverse is not badly 
 executed, and it resembles some of the silver Roman coins of the 
 fourth and fifth centuries, with which it also accords in weight, — 
 
ANGLO-SAXON. PERSONAL ORNAMENTS. 
 
 107 
 
 twenty grains. In suggesting, from the inscription, that it may 
 probably be attributed to Sigebriht, one of the West Saxon kings 
 of the eighth century, I am supported by the Rev. D. H. Haigh, 
 and other numismatists. It is of the first rarity, if not unique. 
 
 562. Obv. A DIADEMED head to the right, surrounded by 
 the letters oiitvviic. Rev. A short cross with annulets in the 
 angles, in a pearled circle, surrounded by runes and letters ; not 
 to be satisfactorily connected to admit of explanation : this is also 
 the case with the following ; weight, twenty grains. 
 
 563. ELEVEN Sceattas, resembling fig. 2, pi. i ; figs. 4, 9, 
 22, pi. ii ; and, in part, figs. 13 and 14, pi. xxvi, Ruding ; six 
 are engraved in Col. Ant., vol. ii, pi. xliv. 
 
 PENNIES. 
 
 564. PROOF of the dies for a coin of Alfred, struck on a thick 
 piece of lead ; found in St. Paul's Churchyard ; evidently a trial- 
 piece of the engraver. The type resembles that of fig. 176, plate 
 xin, of Mr. Hawkins' Silver Coins of England, and six varieties 
 found at Cuerdale, one of which (fig. 4, pi. i,) illustrates Mr. 
 Hawkins' paper published by the Numismatic Society; Num. 
 Chron., vol. v. Presented by the late Mr. E. B. Price, F.S.A. 
 The accompanying cut was lent me by Mr. -J. G. Nichols, F.S.A., 
 from the Gentleman's Magazine of 1841, part 2, p. 498. 
 
 No. 504. 
 
 No. 50<t. 
 
108 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 565. PENNY of Alfred, of the type fig. 174, plate xiii, 
 Silver Coins of England. Obv. aelfred rex. ; diademed head 
 to the right. Rev. londoni, in monogram. 
 
 566. CEOLWULF, King of Mercia. Obv. + ceolvvlf. 
 rex. Diademed head to the right ; on the bust, which enters 
 the exergue of the coin, a cross. Rev. werbald. mone. in three 
 lines. See Mr. Hawkins' remarks on a specimen of this rare type, 
 Silver Coi?is of England, p. 28. Presented by Mr. Charles Ainslie. 
 
 567. EADRED. Obv. -\- eadred. rex. Crowned head and 
 bust to the right. Rev. -|- wilebert. mone. ; in the centre, a 
 small cross. Wilibert is not in Ruding's list of the names of 
 Eadred's moneyers ; but it appears in that of his successor, Eadwig. 
 
 568. ..ETHELRED II. Obv. -\- jedelred. hex. anglor. The 
 king's head and bust to the left, with a sceptre. Rev. -f- byrhtlaf. 
 mo.lvn ; cross voided within the inner circle ; in the angles, 
 crvx. — Obv. Head filleted, without sceptre. Rev. ~\- alfwold. 
 on. wincst. ; a small cross. — Obv. Idem. Rev. leofnoth. on. 
 lepe (Lewes). — Eight of the type figs. 2 and 3, plate xxn, 
 Ruding, found in Honey Lane Market; the reverses are : ~\- iEirwi. 
 
 MO. BED. — -\- EADPOLD. ON. LVND. — ~\- GODPINE. MO. LYND. 
 
 1- MANNA. MO. PILlb. — -j~ PYLFPINE. MO. LYND. — 
 
 POLD. MO. LYN. . . . -j SIGE. MO. . . — EKTLAR : MO. STAN. 
 
 569. CANUTE. Obv. -f cnvt recx an; filleted head and scep- 
 tre to the left. Rev. -f lod.on. lynden. ; a voided cross, with an 
 annulet in the centre. — boea. on. dofra. — Obv. cnvt. rex. 
 Rev. WVLFB.ED. on. lvnd. — Obv. -j- cnvt. recx. Head, in a 
 conical helmet, to the left ; the drapery on the bust is fastened to 
 the left shoulder by a large circular concave brooch. Rev. edpine. 
 on. lvnde. Cross voided, with loops in the angles. 
 
 A unique Halfpenny of Eadgar, described in the u Proceedings of 
 the Numismatic Society", p. 37, in vol. v. of the " Numismatic 
 Chronicle" , belonged to this collection. It ivas borrowed by the late 
 Mr. Cuff, and, while in his possession, accidentally broken to pieces. 
 
109 
 
 NORMA N. 
 
 570. TWO Copper Bowls, found together in Lothbury, in 
 digging the foundations of the London and Westminster Bank. 
 In the centre of the larger bowl is engraved a full-faced female 
 figure, crowned, seated, and clothed in a tunic with full-hanging 
 sleeves ; over the tunic is worn an embroidered mantle, concealing 
 the left arm, and falling in front to the feet; the shoulders are 
 covered with a veil or coverchief, which hangs from the head 
 beneath the crown ; in each hand is held a flat circular object. 
 This figure is repeated four times on the sides of the bowl ; namely, 
 twice full, and twice side-faced, canopied by segments of circles, 
 as shewn in the lower part of the accompanying plate. On the smaller 
 bowl are figures of animals within semi-circular and other ornaments 
 of dotted and zigzag lines, worked with inferior skill to the engraving 
 on the former bowl, which is executed with good taste and feeling, 
 affording an interesting example of early engraving on metal. The 
 circular objects held in the hands appear to be intended to repre- 
 sent cakes or bread, and may allude to the use of the bowl as a 
 dole dish. The costume enables us to refer the date to the eleventh 
 century. See Arclueologia, vol. xxix, p. 367, from which, by per- 
 mission of the Council of the Society of Antiquaries of London, 
 this plate is borrowed. 
 
110 
 
 MED IE VA L. 
 
 SCULPTURE AND CARVING. 
 
 The destruction of the monuments of medieval London has been as 
 complete as that of the grander works of art of the Roman city. 
 To form a tolerably correct notion of the extent to which one class 
 of these monuments has been rooted out, and almost utterly anni- 
 hilated, it is only necessary to take a cursory glance at the long 
 lists of sculptured effigies in the various churches which Stow 
 enumerates, but of which, in his time, there were few traces. If 
 the churches could not protect such works from ignorance and 
 rapine, the destruction of monuments entrusted to secular custody 
 is not to be wondered at. People are too apt to ascribe this loss 
 of even the vestiges of the artistic skill of our forefathers to public 
 causes, such as the asserted vandalism of the Roundheads of the 
 Commonwealth ; or to some great and general calamity, such as 
 that of the Great Fire of 1666. But Stow recorded his black 
 catalogue of destroyed civic monuments long before the triumph of 
 Puritanism and the calamitous event in 1666. The city of London 
 has never cherished a regard for its remains of antiquity. If it 
 had done so, they would be visible, and apologists and flatterers 
 of civic power could point to them; and the objects themselves 
 would be a refutation if there were error in denying their existence. 
 But the truth is, a slow destruction has ever been going on down to 
 the present day, and it is absurd to attempt to deny it. In a few 
 collections fragments or isolated objects once existed ; but they 
 have mostly been dispersed, some within the last few years ; and 
 the city of London in 1854 has still nothing worthy to be called a 
 Museum of Antiquities. 
 
 These reflections will obtrude themselves constantly on every 
 one who has considered the subject with a desire to ascertain and 
 to speak the truth. They have arisen since I penned the heading 
 of this page, and considered not only the comparative poverty of 
 
Plate X. 
 
 FIGURE, IN WOOD, OF A BENEDICTINE MONK. 
 
 (FROM OLD LONDON BRIDGE.) 
 
MEDIEVAL. SCULPTURE AND CARVING. Ill 
 
 this collection in examples illustrative of the department it pre- 
 faces, but also the general and almost total absence of specimens of 
 themedievalarchitecture, sculpture, and wood carving of old London. 
 
 571. THE Circular Upper Part of a Stone Monumental 
 Shaft, of the tenth or eleventh century. On both sides, in some- 
 what different patterns, is worked a cross intersecting a circle, the 
 quarters being filled with beaded bands and a convex fan-shaped 
 pattern. It is fourteen inches in diameter, and was found lying 
 on the surface of the ground in the desecrated burial-ground of 
 the church of St. John-upon-Walbrook. 
 
 572. FEMALE Head with a regal coronet, cut in freestone 
 with considsrable skill. The eyes and other parts shew indications 
 of paint. It bears a resemblance to the effigies of Queen Eleanor, 
 wife of Edward I, and is probably intended for a likeness of that 
 princess. It was found on the north side of Friday Street. 
 
 573. COLUMNAR Head, in Hard Dark-coloured Stone, 
 of somewhat rude work, found near the Temple Church. 
 
 574. FIGURE, in Wood, of a Benedictine monk, nineteen 
 inches in height. It is a remarkably good specimen of carving in 
 wood, and is probably of Flemish manufacture, of the fifteenth 
 century. It was dredged up from the Thames on the site of Old 
 London Bridge, and may, therefore, be supposed to have belonged 
 to the chapel of Peter of Colechurch, which stood upon the bridge. 
 In the breast is an orifice in the shape of a heart for the reception 
 of a relic. Plate x. 
 
 575. CAST, in Plaister, by Mr. Samuel Nixon the sculptor, 
 of an image in wood, well carved, representing God the Father 
 personified as a pope : discovered at the same place as No. 574. 
 The Deity is represented seated ; at his feet is a globe, the symbol 
 of universal power; upon his head is a German crown, and the 
 hands probably held in front a figure of Christ crucified. The 
 
112 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 papal type of the Almighty was common in Italy during the 
 middle ages ; but it was rare in England. In Germany, where the 
 emperor was supreme, the imperial crown was usually given instead 
 of the papal tiara ; in France, the regal attribute was preferred. 
 It is probable that this image is of Flemish workmanship, and of 
 the fifteenth century. Its height is two feet. The original was 
 formerly in the possession of Mr. R. L. Jones, and is now pre- 
 served at Sudeley Castle, in Worcestershire, the seat of the Messrs. 
 Dent. It is figured in the Archcaologia, vol. xxxii, p. 409. 
 
 576. FRAGMENT of a Richly-carved Comb of the thir- 
 teenth century. It is engraved in Mr. Fairholt's Costume in 
 England, p. 482. 
 
 577. FIGURE, carted in Bone, of a female standing with 
 her hands crossed, in the attitude of prayer ; it is hollow, and has 
 been apparently affixed to a staff as an ornament. Height, four 
 and a half inches. 
 
 578. FIGURE oe the Virgin, in Ivory, fully draped, with 
 mantle twisted in front, and arms crossed on the breast ; beneath 
 her feet, the moon. Together with No. 577, it maybe assigned to 
 the fifteenth or sixteenth century. 
 
 579. ST. PAUL, nimbed, and holding a long swoid; ivory- 
 work of the fourteenth century ; intended as a handle of a knife, 
 or some other implement. 
 
 580. SMALL miscellaneous objects carved in ivory and in bone. 
 
MEDIEVAL. P T T FRY. 
 
 113 
 
 POTTERY. 
 
 In no departments of the works of ancient and of medieval art is 
 there a stronger contrast than in those of the productions of the 
 potter. The fictile vessels of the Etruscans, of the Greeks, and of 
 the Romans, are remarkable for infinite variety of form and em- 
 bellishment, among which it would be difficult to find an example 
 void altogether of grace or of beauty. In countless instances they 
 bespeak the highest skill, and even genius ; generally they are 
 pleasing to the eye in their symmetry and chastity of ornament- 
 ation ; seldom or never are they positively unsightly. The pro- 
 digious quantity in which they abound is another peculiarity. 
 The various kinds of ancient pottery are so strongly marked in 
 certain leading features, that the practised eye has no difficulty in 
 determining their respective parentage and periods. But it is very 
 different with the medieval pottery. Instead of being abundant, 
 it is comparatively rare, and completely void of beauty, taste, or 
 sightliness. The truth of this assertion can easily be tested by 
 reference to museums and collections such as this. Among the 
 pottery of the Roman period it would be vain to seek for examples 
 inferior in artistic skill to the commonest kinds illustrated or re- 
 ferred to in this Catalogue ; it would be almost as hopeless to look 
 for much better specimens than those which follow in its medieval 
 division. 
 
 The links which in Britain and in Gaul unite the Roman with the 
 medieval pottery are the Frankish and the Saxon. The earthen 
 vessels which are found in the graves of these countries, imme- 
 diately subsequent to the Roman domination, retain, to a certain 
 extent, a Roman character ; and they admit of being classified and 
 arranged under the proper heads. But it is in the following 
 centuries that the works of the potter disappear almost entirely, or, 
 when discovered, are no longer to be identified as the production 
 of any certain period or country. In 1844, M. Brongniart published 
 his Traite des Arts Ceramiques ou des Poteries, which is a laborious 
 and useful history of pottery from the earliest ages down to modem 
 times. In this work he gives no examples between the sixth or 
 seventh and the fifteenth centuries : the reason was simply that 
 materials failed him. 
 
 Q 
 
114 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 581. UNGLAZED Brick-coloured Cup, with handle, four 
 and a half inches in height, and one inch across the mouth ; found 
 in Cannon Street, near London Bridge, at the depth of seventeen 
 feet, in an old chalk well. 
 
 582. FRAGMENT of a Dark Green Glazed Pitcher, with 
 a rude figure of a human face, resembling fig. 3, plate xxvi, of 
 Brongniart's work ; it is, however, of much later date. 
 
 583. CUP of a Light Brown Clay, six 
 inches in height. It was found, at the depth 
 of thirteen feet, on the north side of Friday 
 Street, with pennies of Henry III and Edward 
 I. Its date may, therefore, be assigned to 
 the latter part of the thirteenth century. The 
 form was, however, probably common long an- 
 terior to this period, and also long subsequent. 
 It is only by attention to discoveries such as 
 this that a classification of medieval pottery 
 can be made. Unhappily, the chances afforded 
 by the late extensive excavations in the city 
 were unavailable, from the difficulties thrown in the way of the 
 antiquarian inquirer. 
 
 No. 583. 
 
 584. CUP of the same size and form as No. 583, but without 
 handle ; found at the same place. 
 
 585. CUPS of similar form, partially coated with a light green 
 glaze. 
 
 586. CUPS, with lips and handles, of a light compact body, 
 covered from the top to the middle with a green glaze ; height, 
 seven to seven and a half inches. 
 
 587. GLOBULAR-Shaped, Unglazed, Narrow-Mouthed 
 
MEDIEVAL. POTTERY. 
 
 115 
 
 Vessel, five and a half inches in height; close to the neck are 
 two small or perforated projections, resembling handles for re- 
 ceiving a cord for suspension. It was found in Friday Street. 
 Another, very similar in form, and of the same size, covered on the 
 upper part with a green glaze. 
 
 588. JUG, fifteen and a half inches 
 high, of pale red clay, imperfectly covered 
 with black glaze. 
 
 589. FRAGMENT or a Vessel, 
 covered with a black glaze, made in the 
 form of the closed flat-topped helmet of 
 the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. 
 
 590. FRAGMENTS of Wide- 
 Mouthed Vessels, covered with a green 
 glaze, and decorated with rude figures of 
 men and lions, and with shields. They 
 may be ascribed to the twelfth and thir- 
 teenth centuries. 
 
 591. VESSEL, in form not unlike 
 fig. 1, pi. v, of the Roman division, es- 
 pecially as regards the peculiar shape of the mouth. In other 
 respects it is very different ; its height is only four and a half inches, 
 and it is covered, to within about an inch of the bottom, with a 
 grey glaze, upon which, in front, is a black band. 
 
 592. VESSELS of various forms and sizes, covered with a thick, 
 black, shining glaze ; probably of the fifteenth and sixteenth cen- 
 turies, and possibly later. 
 
 593. PITCHER, eleven and a half inches in height, and orna- 
 mented with what seem intended for dragons or lions in three 
 
116 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 diamond -shaped compartments, leaves, etc. It is covered with a 
 yellowish glaze, the ground of the diamonds being brown, the 
 leaves and other ornaments a dark dull green. It may be conjec- 
 tured to be of the thirteenth or fourteenth century. 
 
 No. 593. 
 
 594. PITCHER, of similar form and size, plain, and covered 
 with a light green glaze. 
 
 595. PITCHERS somewhat similar in form, but of smaller 
 dimensions, with and without lips. 
 
 596. CUP, with Handle and Narrow MouTH,nearly six inches 
 in height, and of the capacity of a quarter of a pint. The neck is 
 formed to resemble a grotesque head or mask, with an arm brought 
 forward and joined to the lower part of the face by the extended 
 hand. The head and arm are glazed of a brown colour ; the body 
 of the cup green. It resembles a specimen in the possession of 
 Mr. A. Kirkman, which was found at the bottom of an old well 
 under the foundation of a house in Cateaton Street. It is probably 
 of the thirteenth century, the period to which Mr. Kirkman assigns 
 his specimen. Both may be compared with the grotesque vessel 
 in the possession of Mr. W. Figg, of Lewes, engraved in the 
 
MEDIEVAL. POTTERY. 
 
 117 
 
 Archaeological Journal, vol. iv, p. 79, and in the Sussex Archaeo- 
 logical Collections, vol. i, p. 45 ; supposed, with good reason, of 
 the same period. 
 
 597. GROTESQUE Head and Hand; a fragment of a vessel 
 of extraordinary large size. It has been manufactured with some 
 pains, the mouth, eyes, and hair being of different coloured clays 
 and glazes. 
 
 598. JUG, of a Compact Light- Coloured Clay, ten inches 
 in height. It is imperfectly covered with a mottled green glaze, 
 and ornamented with leaves. 
 
 599. FRAGMENT of what has been a double-handled narrow- 
 mouthed vessel, about eight inches in height. It is ornamented 
 with wavy and volute lines, and covered with a green glaze. 
 
 600. GOURD-Shaped Bottle, of a dull red colour, with a 
 narrow-mouthed neck, eight inches in length. As it will not 
 stand upright, it was probably encased in leather, to be carried 
 about the person. This description of vessel appears to have been 
 called, from its form, gourd: — 
 
 " I have here in my gourd a draught of wine." — Chaucer. 
 
 No. 598. 
 
118 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 601. CUP, covered with red and yellow glazes, inscribed round 
 the lower part, Time Deum ; date, the fifteenth or sixteenth cen- 
 tury ; the upper part is broken off. 
 
 602. CENSER, or Pot for Burning Incense or Perfumes. 
 The sides are of open work ; the bottom is perforated ; and on one 
 side of the foot is a triangular aperture, intended probably to pro- 
 mote a draught of air, as well as to serve for extracting the ashes ; 
 it has two handles, and, with the exception of the cover, is quite 
 perfect. The lower portion of a very similar vessel, found in 
 Carey Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, with cups, of which there are 
 counterparts in this Museum, is engraved in the Archceological 
 Journal, vol. iv, p. 254. 
 
 603. BROWN-GLAZED Bottle, three and a half inches high, 
 in the form of a fool's head ; the opening is in the back part, and 
 it is perforated above the ears apparently to admit of a string pass- 
 ing through for suspension. 
 
 604. WIDE-MOUTHED Vessel, of pale red unglazed clay, 
 seven and a half inches in height. It has three cylindrical spouts 
 or openings rising from the shoulder and extending as high as the 
 mouth ; and between these apertures are small twisted handles. 
 
 No. 603. 
 
MEDIEVAL. POTTERY. 
 
 119 
 
 605. TWO similar vessels, of smaller size, and glazed. 
 
 606. HEADS oe Animals of various kinds, which have formed 
 the mouths of vessels ; they are mostly covered with a dark green 
 glaze, and seem to be of early manufacture. 
 
 607. SMALL Thin Unglazed Wide-Mouthed Pots, of a 
 pale red clay, found on the site of a potter's kiln during excavations 
 for Mr. Humphrey's warehouse near St. Saviour's Church, South- 
 wark. Larger quantities of fragments of similar pots were dug up 
 at the same time, but unaccompanied by any objects that could serve 
 to decide the precise period at which they were manufactured. 
 
 608. GOURD-SHAPED Bottle, covered with a green glaze, 
 and looped for suspending with a cord. On one side it bears the 
 royal arms in a rose, surrounded with the garter and motto 
 honny . soyt . qvi . mal . y . pence, surmounted by a crown, 
 and supported by a dragon and a greyhound. Around, in straight 
 lines, is inscribed, — dne . salvvm . fac . regem . reginam . et. 
 regnvm. On the reverse side of the vessel are four circular 
 ornaments. Two are flowers; the third, i.h.s. in monogram; the 
 fourth, a heart, upon which is the motto, leal. It is six inches 
 in diameter, and four inches thick. The armorial bearings deter- 
 mine the date of this interesting vessel to be that of the reign of 
 Henry VII. 
 
 609. BOTTLE, glazed red, with white streaks, having projec- 
 tions at the side for a cord to pass through to sling it to the body ; 
 it is also provided with a foot for standing upright, and, by com- 
 parison with a specimen in the possession of Mr. W. Chaffers, had 
 originally a long neck. Mr. Chaffers assigns to this and similar 
 bottles, made for carriage on the person, the term costril, and it 
 seems the word is still used in the Craven dialect, applied to the 
 small wooden barrels carried by labourers. The Promptorium 
 Parvulorum explains costrel, or costrelle, a great bottle ; and Mr. 
 Way, in the notes on the word, adduces instances of its application, 
 which shew it had a very general signification. This specimen is 
 of comparatively late date. 
 
120 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 610. COVER of a German Drinking-Cup, in the form of a 
 bear's head. It resembles the specimen engraved in Marryat's 
 Collections towards a History of Pottery aud Porcelain, page 45, 
 described as belonging to a class of enamelled pottery which, from 
 the costume of some of the figures, is to be judged anterior to the 
 fifteenth century. 
 
 611. WATERING- POT, of a dull red clay, unglazed, with white 
 ornamental streaks, twelve inches in height. The orifice at the top is 
 about the diameter of a pea; and the bottom is pierced with numerous 
 small holes. Immersed in water, it quickly fills. If the opening 
 at the top be then closed with the thumb, the vessel may be 
 carried, and the water distributed in small or large quantities, as 
 required, in the mode of a modern watering-pot. Mr. George 
 Gwilt, who possesses a specimen with a handle, has very happily 
 
 No. 611. 
 
 illustrated this fictile utensil, from an engraving in the Minerva 
 Britanna, or a Garden of Heroical Devises, and furnished and 
 adorned with Emblems and Impresas of sundry Natures, 4to., 
 Lond., 1612. This engraving represents an earthen watering-pot, 
 with the water running from it, and a label appended, with the 
 motto, Plus ne m'est riens, "nothing remaineth to me"; a badge 
 or cognizance adopted, it is stated, by Valentina, Duchess of 
 Orleans, at Blois, to manifest her grief for the death of her hus- 
 band, Louis, brother to King Charles VI. This, as Mr. Gwilt 
 observes, was long anterior to the date of the book ; the character 
 
MEDIEVAL. POTTERY. 
 
 121 
 
 of the pots, and the circumstances under which they were found 
 would suggest the fifteenth century as the latest period to which 
 they should be assigned. 
 
 612. CRUCIBLES of various sizes. They bear a close re- 
 semblance to some of modern times ; but from the depths at which 
 they were found, they must be of considerable antiquity. 
 
 613. THRIFT-BOXES; small and wide bottles with imitation 
 stoppers, from three to four inches in height, of thin clay, the 
 upper part covered with a green glaze. On the side is a slit for 
 the introduction of the money, of which they were intended as the 
 depositories. These money-pots were called " Christmas Boxes" 
 as well as " Thrift-Boxes", and were doubtless of early origin ; 
 for we find analogous objects of the Roman period. See Caylus, 
 Recueil d J Antiquites, torn, iv, pi. tin, figs. 3, 4, p. 157. In 
 Brand's Popular Antiquities, they are thus referred to : — " In the 
 illustration to the cut in the English Usurer, 1634, the author, 
 speaking of the usurer and swine, says : — 
 
 ' Both with the Christmas boxe may well comply : 
 It nothing yields till broke. 1 " 
 
 In a Mass of the Microcosme, or a Morall Description of Man, 
 newly compiled into Essays by H. (Humphrey) Browne, 1642, 
 speaking of " a covetous wretch", the author says, he " doth ex- 
 ceed in receiving, but is very deficient in giving ; like the Christmas 
 earthen boxes of the apprentices, apt to take in money, but he 
 restores none till he be broken like a potter's vessell, into many 
 shares." And in Mason's Handful of ' Essaies, 1621, we find a similar 
 thought: — " Like a swine, he never doth good till his death; as 
 an apprenticed box of earth, apt he is to take all, but to restore 
 none till hee be broken." Halliwell's edition, vol. i, p. 494. 
 
 614. BOTTLES, in Unglazed White Clay, with flattened 
 sides, with bent handles springing from the mouth of the neck to 
 the shoulder, and on each side a black star. 
 
 615. CUP, or Stoneware, of a brownish red colour, unglazed, 
 seven inches in height, the mouth broken off. It is ornamented 
 
122 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 with small figures in relief, and may be considered of the latter 
 part of the fifteenth, or of the beginning of the sixteenth century. 
 
 No. CI 5. 
 
 616. EXAMPLES of the stoneware of the sixteenth and seven- 
 teenth centuries. 
 
 617. BELLARMINES, or stoneware jugs of the sixteenth and 
 seventeenth centuries : about twenty varieties, varying in capacity 
 from two gallons to half a pint. They are of a brown glazed ware, 
 and are mostly characterized by a grotesque head with a long 
 beard upon the neck, and coats of arms or flowers in the centre. 
 Mr. William Chaffers was the first in the present day to designate 
 this peculiar class of jugs by its old name, Bellarmine, in a paper 
 on medieval earthenware vessels, which he published in the third 
 volume of the Journal of the Archaeological Association. He 
 proves, very satisfactorily, that these jugs were so called from the 
 well-known Cardinal Bellarmine. 
 
 618. LAMP, in Brown Glazed Wake: a rude imitation of 
 the small Roman lamps. 
 
MEDIEVAL. 
 
 123 
 
 EMBOSSED 
 
 OR 
 
 STAMPED LEATHER 
 
 Undek this head are comprised an extensive collection of various 
 objects in leather, consisting of portions of Horse Furniture, 
 Shoes, Girdles, Sword, Dagger, and Knife Sheaths, Purses, and 
 other articles of costume, etc. In most cases, the leather comes 
 under the denomination of cuirbouilli; so called from the process 
 to which it was subjected to prepare it for being embossed or 
 stamped. In medieval literature, very frequent allusion is made 
 to objects manufactured in cuir bouilli. In illuminations, in mural 
 paintings, and in other works of art, in which costume is aimed to 
 be represented, shoes usually formed a very conspicuous feature. 
 It was chiefly from such pictorial representations the artist and 
 antiquary formed their notions of this important article of the 
 medieval wardrobe. The discovery of numerous examples of the 
 shoes themselves during the last few years enable us properly to 
 understand the extent of artistic skill and ingenuity employed in 
 their manufacture. The girdles are, in some instances, stamped 
 with mottoes, devices, and various ornamental patterns, neatly 
 executed ; and so are the sword and dagger sheaths. The preserv- 
 ation of these leather remains is owing to their having been buried 
 in wet and boggy localities. When first brought to light, they 
 were saturated with moisture, and apparently rotten ; but an im- 
 mediate application of oil restored the leather to somewhat of its 
 original character, and ensured its preservation. 
 
 619. SHOULDER of a Saddle, formed of several layers of 
 leather ; the external piece is pierced with a volute pattern ; and 
 the horizontal lines, and the border, are coloured red. To it is 
 affixed, by a loop, a dagger or knife sheath, similar to many in 
 this collection. This is the only example of leather coloured I 
 have met with, although it seems to have been dyed at an early 
 period, as it is enumerated in the chapman's stores in the curious 
 poem of the thirteenth century, entitled, Du Merrier, printed by 
 
124 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 Mr. Fairholt in the publications of the Percy Society, vol. xxx, p. 1 1 
 
 " J'ai mainte ferree corroie 
 Rouges et verz, blanches et noires, 
 Que ge vent moult bien a ces foires." 
 
 This specimen is about seven inches square, 
 Plate xi, fig. 1. 
 
 620. LAPPET on Wing of a Saddle (?), 
 richly embossed with foliage, and birds and 
 beasts ; dimensions, eleven inches by nine and a 
 half. Plate xi, fig. 2. It may be assigned to 
 the fourteenth century. No. 619 may probably 
 be a little later. 
 
 621. HORSE Furniture of various kinds, 
 all more or less elegantly embossed. 
 
 622. PARTS of Harness, such as is shewn 
 in the annexed cut. 
 
 Numerous examples of the forms and patterns 
 of stamped leather horse equipments, of a com- 
 paratively late period, are to be found on the 
 sculptures of the Hotel de Bourgtheroulde, at 
 Rouen, representing the meeting of Henry VIII 
 and Francis I. This superb work, of great 
 artistic merit and of high historical interest, 
 is almost unknown in England, though worthy 
 of being cast in plaister, and placed in our 
 National Museum. Had these sculptures been 
 in England, there is no doubt but that the 
 French Government would long since have pub- 
 lished them in some form. 
 
 No. C22. Length, 20 in. 
 
 623. SHOE, of the time of Edward III. 
 Plate xn, engraved of the actual size. This is 
 
Plvte XT. 
 
 Fig. 1. 
 
 FRAGMENTS OF SADDLES IN STAMTED LEATHER. 
 
Plate XIII. 
 
 Fig. 1. 
 
 EARLY ENGLISH SHOES. 
 
MEDIEVAL. EMBOSSED LEATHER. 
 
 125 
 
 the finest example of embossed leather in the collection. It is 
 almost the entire upper portion of a shoe, to which the costume of 
 the figures, and other peculiarities, enable us to assign a date. 
 The designs are in good taste, and executed with great care and 
 skill; and in examining their minute and finished elaboration, 
 we can but wonder at the infinite pains bestowed on a portion of 
 the apparel the least adapted for that close inspection which is 
 necessary for the full appreciation of its artistic merits. It must, 
 of course, have been of a rare and costly sort ; and could only have 
 been used by a person, probably a female, of rank or of affluence. 
 The central circle of the left half is, unfortunately, wanting. In 
 the angles are a lion, part of a recumbent male figure with a grey- 
 hound, and a representation of the well-known story of the hunters 
 ensnaring the unicorn by the agency of a virgin. On the outer 
 border is the motto, Amor . vincit . omnia ; on the horizontal 
 border, Honny . soit . qvi . mal . y . pense ; on the transverse one, 
 the concluding words alone are legible : . . . . mal . penser. The 
 legend on the scrolls above the central design is also defective; 
 what remains seems to read, . . conneres sa vous t-is pourra au-. 
 
 The other half, that to the right of the plate, exhibits, in the 
 centre, a male and female figure seated. Between them is a tree, 
 and the male personage seems offering some fruit to his companion. 
 To this scene the inscription on the scrolls seems to allude, 
 although it cannot be satisfactorily made out : nue : vous : pens en 
 gre a : sera : fait : gaies : chiens. The scrolls are supported on one 
 side by a youthful female figure holding a branch, and on the other 
 by a young man holding a circular object, probably a mirror; the 
 subordinate objects are a dog, and a child or a monkey. The 
 mottoes on the sides are : Amours . merci . je . vous . en . pry. Par . 
 que ma . foy . vous and, fait . amer. 
 
 624. SHOE of the time of Edward III. Plate xin, fig. 1. 
 This specimen, though inferior in richness of decoration to 
 No. 623, is of a very elegant pattern, and is quite perfect. 
 
 625. SOLE of a Shoe, of the same period, covered with a very 
 elegant pattern. Plate xin, fig. 2. 
 
 626. SHOE, of reticulated work. Plate xin, fig. 3. 
 
126 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 627. SHOE, with open work, possibly of rather earlier date. 
 Plate xin, fig. 4. 
 
 628. UPPER Part or a Shoe, of a different pattern, and 
 equally chaste and tasteful. 
 
 The foregoing examples of a very extensive collection will con- 
 vey a good notion of the skill and labour bestowed on the shoes of 
 the time of the third Edward, and also anterior to his reign. In an 
 order from King John for several articles of dress occur four pairs of 
 shoes for women, and one pair to be ornamented with fret-work, 
 /retains de giris, such as we may consider some of the examples 
 now under our eyes. Illuminated manuscripts, paintings, and 
 sculptures of the fourteenth century yield, however, the most 
 copious evidence of the exuberant character of the ornamentation 
 of shoes. The mural paintings of St. Stephen's Chapel, West- 
 minster, now destroyed, afforded excellent illustrations. Drawings 
 of them are preserved in the meeting room of the Society of 
 Antiquaries of London, and some of them will be found copied 
 in Mr. Fairholt's Costume in England, p. 447. From these 
 specimens we can well comprehend the full force of Chaucer's 
 
 No. 628. Half the actual size. 
 
Plate XIV. 
 
 Fig. 1. 
 
 OLD ENGLISH SHOES. 
 
MEDIEVAL. EMBOSSED LEATHER. 
 
 127 
 
 description of the dress of the gay young priest, — 
 " With Paules windows carven on his shoes." 
 
 It must be considered that the effect of the open-work of shoes of 
 this description was heightened by the white and coloured hose 
 worn by the wealthier classes. 
 
 629. ANOTHER example of the shoes of this period. This, 
 and also fig. 3, plate xm, were fastened round the instep with a 
 buckle. 
 
 Length, 12 inches. 
 
 630. PEAKED, or Long-pointed Shoe, of the close of the 
 reign of Edward III, and subsequent. (Plate xiv, fig. 1.) In the 
 reign of Richard II, this fashion flourished in its fullest extrava- 
 gance. The extreme length of these shoes required that the 
 points should be stuffed ; and, accordingly, some of these, found 
 in London, were filled with fine moss. This fact will serve to 
 explain a French saying which, without reverting to the customs 
 of a period long passed away, it is impossible to understand. 
 Speaking of a rich man, the French say in common parlance, 
 " il a du foin dans ses bottes" ; literally, " he has hay in his boots". 
 The application of the saying is not very obvious ; nor is it apparent 
 why hay in the shoes or boots should be a natural consequence of 
 riches. Examine our pointed shoes of the fourteenth century, 
 and it will be at once fully understood that none but rich men 
 could possibly wear such cumbersome coverings ; and that as they 
 did wear them, they were compelled to submit to the stuffing of 
 moss and of hay ; and thus the saying becomes perfectly applicable 
 and intelligible. 
 
 631. PEAKED Shoes of various sizes, and slightly differing in 
 shape from fig. 1, plate xiv. It is worthy of notice, that most of 
 these, as well as the still earlier specimens, are made " right and 
 
128 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 left", as is the fashion of the present day. Shakespeare's descrip- 
 tion, therefore, of the tailor — 
 
 " Standing on slippers which his nimble haste 
 Had falsely thrust upon contrary feet", 
 
 King John, Act iv, Sc. 2. 
 
 is perfectly true to the custom of the period, although Dr. Johnson 
 questioned its propriety. 
 
 632. POINT of a Shoe, nine inches in length, and retaining 
 its original padding of fine moss. It affords an excellent example 
 of the ridiculous extravagance of the fashion of long-pointed shoes 
 in the reign of Richard II, when it is said they were occasionally 
 so long as to be forced to be chained to the knee. 
 
 633. SHOE with a High Heel, the interior of which is of 
 cork, probably of the time of Henry VII. It seems to be of the 
 transition period, when the pointed shoe was changing to the 
 opposite fashion of extreme breadth ; fig. 4, plate xiv. 
 
 634. CLOGS, of Wood. These specimens are not perfect; 
 they accord with representations in illuminations of clogs of the 
 time of Edward IV. 
 
 635. SHOES of the time of Henry VIII, and of the latter part 
 of the reign of Henry VII. They are slashed or cut open in 
 various patterns, of which fig. 2, plate xiv, may serve as an 
 example. 
 
MEDIEVAL. 
 
 EMBOSSED LEATHER. 
 
 129 
 
 636. SHOES of the same period, without ornament, and of great 
 breadth at the toe; fig. 3, plate xiv. 
 
 637. A SHOE of the same kind, measuring the extraordinary 
 length of sixteen inches. 
 
 638. SHOES of the time of Elizabeth and James I. 
 
 639. GIRDLES, richly embossed with foliated patterns. One 
 of these is ornamented longitudinally with a row of white metal 
 studs, and between them mottoes. Another is covered with small 
 fleurs-de-lis, and along the centre are interlaced circles, enclosing 
 a trefoil and a rose, and united by a lettered label. Between these 
 are three ostrich feathers, to the quill of each of which is affixed a 
 scroll with, apparently, the words ich dien. The mottoes on the labels 
 are, unfortunately, too indistinct to be read satisfactorily. From the 
 badge, this belt would appear to have belonged to some retainer 
 of royalty in the time of Edward III, or at a period not long subse- 
 quent. See Observations on the Origin and History of the Badge 
 and Mottoes of Edward, Prince of Wales, by Sir N. Harris Nicolas, 
 Archmologia, vol. xxxi, p. 350. 
 
 640. BELT, ornamented with ostrich feathers and scrolls, in 
 white metal. 
 
 641. GIRDLE, of the time of Henry IV or V, stamped in a 
 double series of circles, each inclosing the letter S ; at intervals of 
 two inches are sprigs of white metal studs. 
 
 642. BELTS, ornamented with a series of letters, in white 
 metal. 
 
 643. BELTS, studded with small bosses, of white metal, ar- 
 ranged in a foliated pattern, " pearled with latoun." 
 
 s 
 
130 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 The use of pewter and similar white metals for making personal 
 and other ornaments was extremely common in the time of the 
 first Edward, and almost superseded that of latten, which was a 
 kind of brass extensively employed for such purposes, before the 
 cheaper white metal became popular. 
 
 644. GARTERS stamped with the names of the three kings of 
 Cologne, Melchior, Balthasar, and Jasper. For an account of 
 superstitions connected with these names, see Collectanea Antiqua, 
 vol. i, p. 115, et seq. 
 
 645. GARTER, with a series of the invocation, Ave Maria 
 Plena Gracia, the words divided by leaves. 
 
 646. PURSE, or Gypcyere. The word gypcyere, from the French 
 gibbeciere, formerly was especially applied to the large flat bag or 
 pouch worn at the side by sportsmen. It afterwards denoted the 
 purse or bag commonly carried at the girdle by merchants, gentle- 
 men, and by almost all classes. These gypcyeres were made of various 
 materials. The higher classes used velvet studded with gold ; 
 others were made of silk, as that of Chaucer's country gentleman : — 
 
 " An anelace and gipsere all of silke, 
 Hing at his girdle, white as morow milke". 
 
 The example in this collection of embossed leather is very richly 
 ornamented. It is six inches square, and is surrounded with a 
 border of circles, each containing an eagle ; this encloses foliage, 
 intersected diagonally by a " true lover's knot." It is engraved in 
 Mr. Fairholt's Costume in England, p. 505. 
 
 647. FRONT oe a Purse, five inches by three, embossed in 
 foliage, and a motto, ave maria, surrounded by a narrow border 
 
 of esses. 
 
MEDIEVAL. EMBOSSED LEATHER. 
 
 131 
 
 648. POUCH Leather, fourteen inches in length, stamped 
 with figures of an ape and a monster ; this is worked in outline, 
 and not elaborately embossed, as most of the other specimens. 
 
 649. POUCH Cover, stamped with a very elegant pattern of 
 dolphins, birds, and flowers. 
 
 650. CASE for Pins, Needles, Bodkins, and other small 
 implements usually carried on the person by females. It is covered 
 on both sides, as shewn in the cut, by a figure of a Centaur play- 
 ing on a pipe, and by grotesque animals. 
 
 651. GYPCYERE, or Pouch Covering, richly embossed with 
 large leaves in the centre, surrounded by sequences of the letters 
 m, b, and r. 
 
 652. SWORD and Dagger Sheaths. They are stamped or 
 pounced very elaborately, and, though mostly fragmentary, are 
 remarkable for the elegance of the designs. Some are covered 
 with lions and other beasts, birds, and foliage ; others, with a 
 variety of neat patterns. A selection from them are engraved in 
 Mr. Fairholt's Costume in England, p. 595. 
 
 653. KNIFE Sheaths. The knife was a very common ap- 
 pendage at the girdle of almost every man in the middle ages. 
 They were also worn by women. Monumental effigies furnish 
 numerous examples of the knife worn together with the sword by 
 
 No. G50. 
 
 3£ inches square. 
 
132 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 both military and civilians; they are, of course, represented by 
 their sheaths, which, as well as those of the swords and daggers, 
 bear a striking resemblance to examples in this collection. Like 
 most of the objects in cuir bouilli, they extend from the fourteenth 
 to the sixteenth century. 
 
 654. SHEATH or a Hunting-knife, 
 > tastefully embossed with a foliated pattern. 
 
 655. JACKETS. There are several 
 fragments of these, all made without 
 sleeves. 
 
 656. JAMBEAUX. The jambeaux or 
 coverings for the legs were, doubtless, often 
 of embossed leather. The specimen, here 
 engraved, is quite plain. Chaucer, in his 
 Rime of Sire Thopas, mentions them as 
 part of the dress of the knight : — 
 
 " His jambeaux were of cuir bouly." 
 Another has metal eyelet holes for the 
 fastenings. 
 
 657. BIRD'S Wing. This appears 
 to have been gilt, and may probably have 
 been a crest to a helmet. That of King 
 
 John, of Bohemia, who was killed at Cressy, was two wings of a 
 vulture ; and many of these objects are of the time of Edward III. 
 
 No. 65G. 
 
 658. WHITE Metal Embossing on Leather ; an exceedingly 
 tasteful and interesting example, twelve inches by six. 
 
 659. COVER or a Cup. It is seven inches by six, and em- 
 bossed with Jleurs de lis, divided by bands, which appear to have 
 been studded with metal. Cuir bouilli was applied to a variety of 
 purposes. Mr. George Isaacs has given me a box covered with it, 
 which is stamped with figures of men and women, in the costume 
 of the time of Richard II. 
 
MEDIEVAL. EMBOSSED LEATHER. 
 
 133 
 
 660. BOTTLE or Costrel, for hanging by the side, of the 
 capacity of a quart. It bears a close resemblance to the wooden 
 vessels in use in various parts of the country at the present day for 
 carrying beer into the hay or harvest fields ; they are called 
 puncheons in the Isle of "Wight, firkins in Dorsetshire. They, 
 doubtless, preserve the form of a very early prototype, and, pro- 
 bably, most of the pilgrims' bottles, hunting bottles, and such like 
 vessels of the middle ages, were made of leather. The Leather 
 Bottle is still the sign of a public-house at Northfleet, in Kent; and 
 its application as an old London sign may be noticed over the 
 entrance to the banking-house of Messrs. Hoare, Fleet Street; its 
 inspirations are recorded by the author of an old song, who was 
 induced to — 
 
 " Wish in heaven his soul may dwell, 
 That first found out the leather hotel." 
 
 No 660. 
 
134 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 PILGRIMS' AND OTHER SIGNS, 
 
 IN LEAD AND IN PEWTER. 
 
 This division comprises rather an extensive collection of objects 
 in lead and in pewter, which, until the last few years have not 
 attracted much, if any, attention. In the first and second volumes 
 of the Collectanea Antiqua, I have published numerous examples 
 of the most important class found in London and other places in 
 this country, and in France. This class consists of religious signs 
 or tokens, given at the shrines of saints and martyrs to pilgrims 
 after they had personally attended and redeemed their vows, or 
 paid their devotions. They were then affixed to the hat or cloak, 
 and worn by the owners as a testimony or sign of their having 
 visited the particular shrines indicated by the tokens. As on the 
 present occasion I am restricted to those found in London, I must 
 refer to the above-mentioned work for fuller information on the 
 subject, and for etchings of the foreign as well as the specimens 
 procured at London. 
 
 There are some which, although partaking of a religious 
 character, do not seem to have reference to any particular shrine ; 
 at all events, we have not yet been able to connect them with any 
 known localities ; and there are one or two which seem to refer to 
 incidents in popular religious legends ; others are merely symbols 
 or emblems. Another class may be regarded as badges worn by 
 the retainers of persons of distinction ; and there are some which 
 are merely fanciful and humorous devices, or jeux a" esprit. 
 
 661. THOMAS BECKET ; mitred head and bust in pontifical 
 robes ; across the lower extremity, thomas ; length, three and a 
 half inches. Col. Ant., vol. ii, plate xvn, fig. 3. 
 
 662. THOMAS BECKET : several varieties of the preceding 
 sign, some without the name. 
 
 663. BECKET on Horseback, robed and mitred, the horse 
 richly caparisoned ; three inches by four. 
 
MEDIEVAL. PILGRIMS' SIGNS, ETC. 
 
 135 
 
 664. HEAD and Bust oe Becket in a Canopy, surrounded 
 by the inscription, -f- sanctvs . thomas, the whole within a star ; 
 diameter, three inches. 
 
 665. AMPULLA, decorated with open foliated work, and 
 attached to a circular band and cross bar, inscribed, ~f- oka . pro . 
 nobis . beati . th . . . (the remainder is broken off) ; on the 
 cross bar, thom . . ; the front of the ampulla is occupied by a full 
 figure of the archbishop ; and the reverse with the representation 
 of his murder. Judging from the costume of the knight and the 
 form of the letters, this sign may be of the latter part of the twelfth 
 or the beginning of the thirteenth century. One very similar, but 
 not so neatly worked, is in the collection of Mr. Charles Warne ; 
 and both may be compared with a specimen in the York Museum, 
 communicated to me by the Rev. C. Wellbeloved, and published 
 in vol. ii, Collectanea Antiqua, pi. xvm. 
 
 666. CIRCULAR Flat Brooch, inscribed, -\- sancte . thoma . 
 or . p . m . ; in the centre, Jleur de lis. Presented by Mr. Edward 
 Wigan. 
 
 667. SMALLER Circular Brooch, with head and bust of 
 Becket between the letters t and o. 
 
 668. BELL, in Pewter, an inch in length, inscribed, -\- sancti. 
 tomaes. 
 
 669. VARIOUS other signs, which, although not identified as 
 such by inscriptions, appear to belong to Becket. One is inscribed, 
 capv . . . me, for capW ThoMB. 
 
 Such as the foregoing, particularly Nos. 661 and 662, are alluded 
 to by Giraldus Cambrensis, who, in his youth, was contemporary 
 with Becket. Giraldus, on his return from the continent, stayed a 
 short time at Canterbury. On arriving at London, he had an in- 
 
136 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 terview with the Bishop of Winchester, who, Giraldus states, 
 on seeing him and his companions with the signs of the blessed 
 Thomas hung about their necks, remarked, that he perceived they 
 had just come from Canterbury. Episcopus autem videns ipsum 
 intrantem, cujus notitiam satis habuerat, et socios suos cum signaculis 
 B. Thomce a collo suspensis, etc. (Girald. Camb., de rebus a se 
 gestis, ap. Angl. Sacr., vol. ii, p. 481.) 
 
 670. OUR Lady of Boulogne, in the form of an ampulla. On 
 one side is a representation of the holy Virgin standing in a 
 vessel, floating upon the sea; in the left hand she holds a long 
 cross ; in the right, a model of a church. This design is surrounded 
 by the legend, ste : mahie : de : bovlovgne. On the other side 
 is the same legend around the effigies of the Virgin carrying the 
 infant Jesus on the right arm, and receiving the vows of a personage 
 kneeling at her feet. Col. Ant., vol. ii, pi. xvn, fig. 2. 
 
 671. OUR Lady of Boulogne: six small brooches, repre- 
 senting the Virgin standing on a ship, crowned, holding on her 
 arm the infant Jesus, and in her hand a sceptre. Idem, pi. xvi, 
 fig. 9. 
 
 All these signs appear to be of the fifteenth century. They 
 were, doubtless, brought to London by persons who had visited 
 the celebrated shrine of Notre Dame, at Boulogne-sur-Mer. The 
 design has reference to the popular and old tradition, that in the 
 seventh century the statue of the Virgin was brought to Boulogne 
 in a vessel, without sails, or oars, or sailors, being guided solely 
 by spiritual influence. The statue was placed in a chapel in the 
 upper town, which chapel, in the course of time, was succeeded by 
 a church, dedicated to the Virgin, and resorted to by pilgrims from 
 all parts. In 1544, the English pillaged the treasury of Notre 
 Dame, and took the statue to England, where it remained until 
 1550, when it was restored. Seventeen years afterwards, the 
 church was burnt by the Huguenots, and the statue was carried to 
 a neighbouring chateau, where it was concealed forty years. In 
 1607 it was taken back to the town, and replaced in 1630 in the 
 cathedral. In 1791, the church of Notre Dame was closed against 
 
MEDIEV A.L. PILGRIMS' SIGNS, ETC. 
 
 137 
 
 public worship, to be sold, a short time afterwards, as public pro- 
 perty, and ultimately demolished. The ancient image shared the 
 destruction. It was burnt in the square of the Haute-Ville by the 
 iconoclasts, to the great regret of the majority of the inhabitants, 
 and particularly of the sailors, who, from time immemorial, had been 
 accustomed to invoke its succour against the perils of the ocean. For 
 an interesting historical notice of this statue and some of the medals 
 relating to it, see a paper by M. Jules Rouyer in the Memoires de la 
 Societe des Antiqaaires de la Morinie, torn, ix, p. 231. Three of 
 the medals are there engraved, and a pewter sign closely re- 
 sembling No. 670, and probably of about the same period. I 
 possess an earlier specimen, and of better workmanship, also in 
 the form of an ampulla. On one is the Virgin seated, crowned, 
 and holding a sceptre ; in her lap the infant Jesus holding a book ; 
 the ampulla is surrounded by a lozenge-shaped label, inscribed, 
 signv . sce . marie . de . bolonia. It was found in the Somme, 
 at Abbeville, and presented to me by M. Boucher de Perthes. It 
 is of the thirteenth or of the early part of the fourteenth century. 
 
 672. VIRGIN and Child; a small square brooch; the head 
 of the Virgin is radiated, and the figure is seated under a canopy. 
 
 673. VIRGIN and Child beneath a canopy, resting upon the 
 back of a bird, probably intended for a dove. 
 
 674. VIRGIN, crowned, and holding a sceptre, seated with the 
 infant Jesus in her arm beneath a canopy : of oblong shape. 
 
 675. CIRCULAR Brooches with a 
 full-faced bust. One of them, inscribed 
 iesvs . a . nacerete, is engraved in the 
 annexed cut. 
 
 676. VIRGIN in a Glory, her feet 
 upon a half moon. Another, on which she is represented with the 
 infant Jesus. 
 
 x 
 
138 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 677. VIRGIN, crowned, nimbed, and holding a sceptre, with 
 the infant Jesus in her arms, surrounded with a glory. Half of 
 an oval-shaped sign or badge of the Assumption of the Virgin. It 
 was evidently issued at a particular shrine, the name of which 
 appeared on the missing portion : all that now remains of the 
 inscription is (a)ssumpcione : beate : marie : de . . . 
 
 678. SMALL Circular Brooch with a neatly-executed re- 
 presentation of the Crucifixion. On each side of the cross is a 
 nimbed figure; and around the design the words ihesvs and 
 maria, separated by a foliated ornament. 
 
 679. CIRCULAR Brooch with a crowned head, probably in- 
 tended for that of Henry VI : size of No. 675. 
 
 680. SMALL Hexagonal Brooch, with bust, uninscribed. 
 
 681. CHRIST upon the Cross; the limbs of the cross ter- 
 minate in Jleur-de-lis. A fragment of another brooch, of the same 
 form, exhibits the upper end of the cross in blossom ; below, on a 
 label, inri. 
 
 682 FIGURES kneeling at the foot of the cross; a fragment. 
 
 683. AN ANGEL, standing full-faced,. without any attribute or 
 symbol. 
 
 684. KING Henry VI : figure of the King standing and 
 holding the sceptre and globe surmounted by a cross ; at his feet 
 a stag. The tomb of Henry VI at Windsor was visited for a long 
 time by crowds of persons who regarded him as a martyr and saint ; 
 and a monk of Windsor has recorded the miracles wrought by him, 
 in a MS. entitled " De Miraculis Henrici Sexti, libri duo", MS. 
 Harl. 423, fol. 72. An opening hymn to which, addressed to 
 Henry, has been printed by Mr. Halliwell in the introduction to 
 
MEDIEVAL. PILGRIMS' SIGNS, ETC. 
 
 139 
 
 Warkworth's Chronicle, printed for the Camden Society. Among 
 the relics and offerings preserved at Caversham, such as "schrowdes, 
 candels, images of wax, crowches and brochys", was " the dagger 
 that kyllyd King Henry, schethe and all." Wright's Letters 
 relating to the Suppression of Monasteries, p. 224. 
 
 685. THE TEMPTATION. Jesus nimbed and seated, point- 
 ing to an open book in his left hand ; behind him, Satan holding a 
 stone in his hand. 
 
 " And the devil said unto him, If thou be the Son of God, command this 
 stone that it be made bread. 
 
 " And Jesus answered him, saying, It is written, that man shall not live by 
 bread alone, but by every word of God." 
 
 St. Luke, ch. iv, verses 3 and 4. 
 
 686. ST. LEONARD : figure of St. Leonard, with a chain or 
 manacle on his arm ; beneath his feet is inscribed s.lvnard. It 
 may probably be appropriated to the ancient and famous hospital 
 of St. Leonard, at York, suppressed by Henry VIII. Among 
 Lydgate's Minor Pieces, edited by Mr. Halliwell for the Percy 
 Society, is a prayer to St. Leonard, made at York. 
 
 687. WARRIOR bound to a tree, his legs fastened with cords ; 
 possibly intended for St. Edmund. 
 
140 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 688. LADY kneeling before a male personage, who is dressed 
 in a close vest, temp. Edward III ; the scene appears to be a wood ; 
 but what the subject may be is uncertain. 
 
 689. TWO FIGURES, male and female, standing under a 
 canopy. The female figure, apparently intended for the Virgin, is 
 crowned ; her right hand is extended, and in the left she holds a 
 staff (?) Towards her, the other slightly inclines the body, and 
 raises the arms as in adoration ; beneath is inscribed mot:here 
 (mother) ; height three inches. Presented by Mrs. Price, from the 
 collection of the late Mr. E. B. Price, F.S.A. 
 
 690. AMPULLAS, or small bottles, with swelling bodies, of a 
 globular shape, made in imitation of the sacred ampulla which held 
 the chrism or balsamic oil consecrated for baptism, extreme unction, 
 and other ceremonies of the church. In Piers' Ploughman' s Vision, 
 among other characteristics of a pilgrim's costume, we find that — 
 
 " A bolle and a bagge 
 He bar by his syde, 
 And hundred of ampulles 
 Upon his hat seten." 
 
 For some of the earlier forms of these ampulles, see Col. Ant., 
 vol. ii, pi. xvn and xvm. One of the later types is shewn, of the 
 actual size, in the annexed cut. 
 
 No. 090. 
 
 691. ST. CHRISTOPHER Carrying the Child Jesus. 
 Chaucer's yeoman wore — 
 
 " A Christofre on his brest, of silver shene." 
 
MEDIEVAL. PILGRIMS' SIGNS, ETC. 
 
 141 
 
 The base metal ornaments were often plated or washed with 
 silver. In a poem of the thirteenth or fourteenth century, called 
 Du Mercier, the vender says : — 
 
 " J'ai fermaillez d'archel dorez ; 
 Et de laiton sor argentez, 
 Et tant les aime tax de laiton, 
 Souvent por argent le meton." 
 
 " I have brooches of brass gilt, and of latten silvered, and so 
 much I like those of latten, that we often substitute them for 
 silver." Satirical Songs and Poems on Costume, edited by F. W. 
 Fairholt, Esq., F.S.A., for the Percy Society, vol. xxx, p. 11. 
 
 692. ESCALLOP SHELLS ; one in jet, mounted in silver, 
 with a loop and ring ; one of small size in brass, with a pin at the 
 back for wearing as a brooch. The Escallop is a well-known 
 badge of pilgrims in general : — 
 
 "With flatte ferthynges the freke 
 Was floreschede alle over, 
 With scrippe, and with slawyne, 
 
 And skalopis i-newe, 
 Both pyke and palme, 
 Alles pilgram hym scholde." 
 Morte Arthure, ed. by Halliwell, p. 290. 
 
 The escallop shells in jet would appear 
 to have been peculiar to St. James the 
 Greater, or, as he is commonly called, 
 St. James of Compostella ; and small jet 
 images of this saint are frequently to be 
 met with. The reason for this is probably the same as that 
 adduced by Erasmus (in the Pilgrimage for Religion's Sake), to 
 explain the distribution of escallop shells at the shrine of St. James, 
 namely, the abundance of the material at Compostella. 
 
 693. WHEELS ; the sign or badge of St. Catharine. 
 
 694. BRANCH of the Mulberry Thee, with a scroll 
 affixed to the stem, inscribed mullbery. The mulberry was 
 celebrated among the Romans for its medicinal qualities, and the 
 
142 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 fruit in the middle ages was used for ulcers in the mouth; it is 
 probable this leaden badge was used as a charm. 
 
 695. POUCH, or Bag, filled with fruit, and entwined with a 
 wreath ; it may have been an emblem of St. Dorothy. 
 
 696. A SHIELD enclosing an Agnus Dei in the Centre, 
 surrounded by open work. 
 
 697. Stars of Bethlehem ; of various sizes. 
 
 698. SIGN oe Our Lady oe Liesse. This is in brass, and is 
 introduced as an example of the religious tokens of a late period. 
 It is not older than the seventeenth century, and may have been 
 the pendant of a rosary. On one side is a representation of the 
 Crucifixion; on the other, the Immaculate Conception of the 
 Virgin. Liesse is near Laon, in Picardy. It is celebrated for its 
 shrine of the Virgin, which is one of those still resorted to by 
 pilgrims. An interesting paper by Mr. Waller " On the Shrines 
 and Images of the Virgin Mary", appears in the Gentleman* s 
 Magazine of the present month (February 1854). 
 
 Ko. 608. 
 
MEDIEVAL. PILGRIMS' SIGNS, ETC 
 
 143 
 
 699. COLLAR or Esses, encircling a shield supported by an 
 angel. The Collars of Livery, or signs, appear to have been often 
 worn as brooches. Representations of Collars of Esses often ap- 
 pear on monumental effigies. One on that of the poet Gower, in 
 the church of St. Mary Overy, Southwark, is accompanied with 
 the pendant of a swan. Mr. J. Gough Nichols, who has kindly 
 lent me the cut introduced below, in a series of papers in the 
 Gentleman 1 s Magazine, vols, xvii and xviii, " On Collars of the 
 Royal Livery", conjectures that the S was adopted as the initial 
 of Seneschallus, or steward. 
 
 No. 099. 
 
 700. SAINT GEORGE ; two specimens : on the one, Saint 
 George is in armour, with a cross on his shield, standing upon the 
 back of a dragon, aud striking it with his sword ; the other, which 
 is very small, and in silver, exhibits him on horseback tilting at a 
 dragon. Both have a loop at the back instead of a pin. 
 
 It is to an ornament analogous to the former of these, that 
 Shakespeare alludes in Love's Labour's Lost, when Biron and 
 Dumain ridiculing Holofernes, who acts Judas in the pageant of 
 the Nine Worthies, exclaim: — 
 
 "Biron. St. George's half-cheek in a brooch. 
 Dumain. Ay, and in a brooch of lead. 
 Biron. Ay, and worn in the cap of a tooth -drawer." 
 
144 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 701. HEART, with a Flower Growing from it. — Hearts 
 transfixed with arrows. 
 
 702. HUNTERS' Horns (symbol of St. Hubert) ; and numerous 
 other signs, chiefly of rude workmanship. 
 
 703. BELLS, bearing Armorial Badges, such as the 
 double-headed eagle, shields, etc. 
 
 704. COLLAR of Esses, smaller than No. 699, without the 
 shield, and with a wreath as a pendant. 
 
 705. AN Ostrich Feather in a Crown. 
 
 706. THREE Ostrich Feathers with a Scroll, attached 
 to the quills, inscribed, p.gwails (Prince of Wales). This 
 badge of a Prince of Wales, from the form of the letters, may be 
 early in the fifteenth century. 
 
 707. AN Elephant Carrying a Castle upon its Back ; 
 of neat workmanship. 
 
 708. THE letters m and v crowned; each made to be worn as 
 a brooch ; the latter reversed takes the form of the letter a, the 
 cross-bar being the pin for fastening it. These brooches, like 
 many others in lead, are, doubtless, copies from those in silver and 
 in gold. They recall to mind Chaucer's description of the costume 
 of the Prioress, who wore — 
 
 " a broclie of gold ful shene, 
 
 On which was first y- written a crowned A, 
 
 And after, amor vincit omnia." — Canterbury Tales, 1. 160. 
 
 Mr. C. Warne possesses a gold brooch in form of the letter a ; 
 it bears an amatory motto, and, on the reverse, the mystic agla. 
 
MEDIEVAL. SEALS. 
 
 145 
 
 709. A COCK holding a Scroll in his Beak ; on one side 
 is lok on me ; on the other, koc . ne : — " Look on me, cockney." 
 It is looped for suspension, and may- 
 be regarded as a jeu d' esprit, and in- 
 teresting as an early example of the 
 use of the word cockney in its signi- 
 fication, as implying simplicity, in 
 which sense it is used by Shakespeare. 
 " Cry to it, nuncle, as the cockney 
 did to the eels when she put them into 
 the paste alive. 'Twas her brother 
 that, in pure kindness to his horse, 
 buttered his hay." — King Lear, Act ii, 
 Sc. iv. See a paper " On Coccayne and the Cockneys", in the 
 Gentleman* s Magazine, vol. x, part 2, p. 596, neiv series; and 
 Brand's Popular Antiquities, vol. i, p. 75, HalliwelFs edition. 
 
 SEALS. 
 
 710. MATRIX, in lead, of Alexander, bishop of Lincoln, 
 
 A.D. 1123 to A.D. 1147. -|- S' ALEXANDKI . DEI . GKACIA . LIN- 
 
 colniensis . episcopi. A full-length figure of the bishop in his 
 robes, and holding the episcopal staff ; the left hand raised in the 
 attitude of benediction, the head bare. The matrix is oval, and 
 measures rather less than three inches by two. 
 
 711. MATRIX, in lead, of William de St. Barbara, bishop of 
 Durham, a.d. 1143 to a.d. 1154. -f" sigillvm .... ilelm . dei . 
 gka . dvnelmien sis . episcopi. Full length; effigies of the 
 bishop as the preceding. Shape, oval; size, rather above three 
 inches by two and a quarter. 
 
 712. MATRIX, in lead, of Robert, archbishop of Canterbury. 
 
 -f S\ RO EI . GKA . AUCHIEPS . CANTVARIENSIS ; a full 
 
 length figure of an archbishop standing on a bracket, on the side 
 
 u 
 
146 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 of which is a lion passant. There were two archbishops of Canter- 
 bury in the latter part of the thirteenth century who bore the name 
 of Robert: Cardinal Kilwarby, a.d. 1272; and Winchelsey, 
 Chancellor of Oxford, a.d. 1294. 
 
 713. FRAGMENT or a Large Matrix, in bronze; the only 
 letters remaining are, . . tr . presvl . gis . . . ; on the reverse is 
 a small figure of a winged bull, the emblem of St. Luke. 
 
 714. -j- s. ricardi . de . brien. Acute oval. A radiated flower. 
 The De Briens or Brians were a distinguished family in the four- 
 teenth and fifteenth centuries. They were of AVoodfall Castle, 
 Dorsetshire. Seal in Kent and other places. 
 
 715. -|- s' david . le . scler (Cellarer?). A radiated flower. 
 Circular, in lead. 
 
 The following are in Brass : — 
 
 716. -\- s - ROGeri . maechal. Circular. Ahorse shoe; allu- 
 sive to the name ; fourteenth century. 
 
 717. -f- s. bertam . de . pechier. Circular. An Agnus Dei, 
 regardant, holding a banner in the left foot, and passant towards 
 the sinister ; fourteenth or fifteenth century. 
 
 718. -j- domine . devs . miserere . m[ei]. An acute oval. 
 The device is remarkable ; it consists of an Agnus Dei, the staff of 
 whose banner becomes a tree supporting a nest, over which stands 
 "a pelican in her piety;" fourteenth century. 
 
 719. 4~ iesv . revdeb cite. Probably blundered for Jesu 
 Reverte Cito, Lozenge. A lion rampant. 
 
MEDIEVAL. SEALS, 
 
 720. -\- ceede . ferenti. Circular. A chimera. 
 
 147 
 
 721. -f- crede . michi. Acute oval. Martlet, lengthwise of 
 the seal. 
 
 In the u Observations on Martial Mottoes", printed in the 
 Slogans of the North of England, by Michael Aislabie Denham, 
 Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1851, p. 22, reference, prefaced by the 
 following remark, is made to this identical seal : — " Sir John Fitz- 
 Marmaduke, of Horden, nobilis baro, in the reign of Edward I, 
 sealed with a fess between three popinjays, and the words Crede 
 Michi. This is a very early example of a motto, and is parallel 
 with the Crede Beronti of the Byrons, which has been considered 
 as perhaps the first instance of a motto used by a subject." 
 
 722. heinrie . de . iocce. A plain shield; sixteenth century. 
 
 723. -J- s . iohis . rectoris . ecce . d . birchang. Acute 
 oval. In the upper part a demi -figure of the Virgin and child. 
 In the base, beneath an arcade of three arches, a figure of an 
 ecclesiastic kneeling. This seal is probably of Birchanger, in 
 Essex, and of the fourteenth century. 
 
 724. -f s' saeri . de . hvntinggefvd (Huntingford). Circular. 
 Arms : on a fess, three roundles, and, in chief, a label of five 
 points. Fourteenth century. 
 
 725. -f- s . lvcas . de . tany. Arms : Barry, a label in chief. 
 There is an ample account of the de Tany family in Dugdale y s 
 Baronage: — " Of this family was Lucas de Tany, who, in 
 9 Edward III, was constituted Justice of the King's forests south 
 of the Trent; but in the next ensuing year, being a valiant soldier, 
 and in that expedition then made into Wales upon a skirmish with 
 the Welsh, who were too strong for him, endeavouring to pass a 
 bridge begun by the King, but not finished, had the fate to be 
 drowned, with many others, in that retreat : others say, that it was 
 passing the river in boats, which, being overladen, sank them." 
 (vol. i, p. 509.) The arms of this family were six eagles dis- 
 
148 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 played ; Lucas de Tany would, therefore, appear to have changed 
 the family armorial bearings. Early part of the fourteenth 
 century. 
 
 726. -j- s' b . w . de . eenqev. A shield charged with a label 
 in chief ; fifteenth or sixteenth century. 
 
 727. -f- s. thome . le . pvbceb. A purse ; late in the fifteenth, 
 or early in the sixteenth century. 
 
 728. -f pbive . sv . e . pov . con v. Circular. (< I am a private 
 individual, and little known." A lion rampant. 
 
 Dr. Rawlinson, in the Topographer, gives a seal with device of 
 a covered cup and motto, as above. 
 
 729. -|- peeve . sv . e . pov . conv. Circular. A chimera; the 
 face of a man and the head of an ass conjoined to the body of a 
 lion. Early in the fourteenth century ; as is No. 728. 
 
 730. -1- i . kbak . nots. (I crack nuts.) A squirrel. Circular. 
 
 731. -J- sohov . ie . aim . boqv. A rabbit riding upon a dog, 
 and blowing a horn. Circular. A similar device on shields, with 
 sohov, sohov, or sohov bobin, is of frequent occurrence. 
 
 732. LETTER N Cbowned ; and various other crowned letters ; 
 all late in the sixteenth century. 
 
 733. -J- HOC . E . SIGILVM . TJN1VEBSITATIS . IVBISTABVM . 
 
 eebabie. St. Catharine, crowned and nimbed, standing to the 
 front, with arms extended ; the right hand holding a sword ; the 
 left touching a wheel. She wears a mantle of capacious dimensions, 
 which, by the extension of the arms, forms a canopy or curtain : a 
 
MEDIEVAL. MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 149 
 
 group of figures kneeling on both sides. Beneath are three shields 
 the centre bears the arms of Modena and Ferrara quarterly ; that 
 on the dexter side party, per fess ; the third, the arms of Malles- 
 pine. Circular ; two and a quarter inches in diameter ; the reverse 
 plain. It is an old impression in brass, from the original seal, and 
 was stated to have been found in the New River, at Islington ; it 
 may be assigned to the sixteenth century. 
 
 734. PAPAL Seals, in lead. They have been attached to 
 letters, grants, or indulgences, issued by the Popes. The term 
 bull, applied to papal documents, is derived from these leaden 
 seals, or bailee. Paschal II, a.d. 1099 to a.d. 1118. — Urban III, 
 a.d. 1185 to a.d. 1187. — Honorius III, a.d. 1216 to a.d. 1227. 
 — Clement IV, a.d. 1265 to a.d. 1271. — Gregory X, a.d. 1271 
 to a.d. 1276. — Martin IV, a.d. 1281 to a.d. 1285. — Martin V, 
 a.d. 1417 to a.d. 1431. — Pius II, a.d. 1458 to a.d. 1464. They 
 all bear the names of the Popes, across the field, on one side, and 
 the heads of St. Peter and St. Paul on the other, surmounted by 
 s. pe and s. pa. The heads are bare, with the exception of those 
 on the earliest seal, that of Paschal II, which are represented 
 wearing a kind of cap. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 735. HELMET, or Bascinet, in iron, worn by the infantry in 
 the reigns of Edwards II and III, and Richard II. At some sub- 
 sequent period, this helmet was applied to a purpose very different 
 to its original object. An iron handle with a chain was fixed to 
 it, apparently for suspension over a fire, as a cooking pot, or kettle. 
 It was dug up in forming the terminus of the London and Green- 
 wich Railway, in Southwark, and was presented to me by Mr. 
 Akerman. 
 
150 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 736. A STANDARD, or Collar of Mail, worn at the latter 
 half of the fifteenth century. The upper part, which fastened 
 round the neck, is composed of large rings, placed more com- 
 pactly together than the rest. This is effected, on the principle of 
 the ringed net- work, by an additional number of rings. Usually, 
 four rings are enclosed within a fifth ; in the collar of this Standard, 
 the four are increased to six. It, consequently, makes a collar 
 flexible, but stiff in comparison with the ordinary mail. Examples 
 of the standard occasionally occur on the effigies of knights about 
 a.d. 1460-70. On the brass of Quatermagne, at Thame, it has a 
 vandyke edge. On the brass of Sir William Vernon, engraved in 
 Waller's Monumental Brasses, is another instance of its use. 
 
 Plate xv represents the standard spread out ; its extreme length is 
 seven and a half inches, the width twenty- six inches. At one 
 corner of the collar is a portion of a fastening to adjust it to the 
 neck. Close round the lower part of the collar are brass rings, 
 which were originally disposed in vandyke points. The contrast 
 of the brass to the steel was the motive that suggested the use 
 of the golden- coloured metal for this ornament. The late Mr. 
 J. N. Hughes, of Winchester, possessed the only other extant 
 specimen of the standard with which I am acquainted ; it resembles 
 this, with the exception of being without the points of brass. 
 I believe it is now in the Tower collection. 
 
 Mr. Albert Way, who has kindly contributed towards the plate, 
 observes : — w In the accounts of Sir John Howard, in 1468, it ap- 
 pears that he was armed with a salade and ' a fyne standard of maylle' ; 
 and one of his followers had ' a pare of bregano^ynes, and a pare of 
 sleeves, and a standard of maylle'. The word occurs in the Paston 
 Letters, vol. iv, p. 166, and elsewhere, about the time of Edward IV, 
 the period to which I should assign your curious cravat of mail. 
 It may have come into use rather earlier, as it probably was intro- 
 duced about the same time as the helmet, called a salade, which 
 supplied protection for the sides and back of the head, the face 
 being guarded by the visor ; so that a collar of mail made all safe. 
 Precisely such a vandyked collar appears as a badge on the standard 
 or banner of Henry Pole, Baron Montague, 1533, as shewn in the 
 Book of Standards in the Heralds' College, and given in the 
 Excerpta Historica, p. 318." 
 
 It was discovered at London Wall, near Moorgate Street; and 
 its value is enhanced by its excellent preservation. 
 
 737. CHAIN MAIL, examples of. 
 
I 
 
MEDIEVAL. MISCELLANEOUS. 151 
 
 738. SWORDS and Daggers ; from the thirteenth to the six- 
 teeth centuries. 
 
 739. SPURS ; from the eleventh to the seventeenth century. 
 Some of the earlier examples, or prick spurs, are remarkable 
 specimens. 
 
 740. SPEAR and Arrow-Heads. 
 
 741. PHEON, or Barbed Javelin, carried as a badge of 
 royalty, as early as the time of Richard I. It is still used as 
 a royal mark, under the name of the broad R, — a corruption of 
 broad arrow. It measures three inches across the barb, and five 
 and a half in extreme length. It is figured in Fairholt's Costume 
 in Engla?id, p. 580. 
 
 742. KNIVES; a very extensive collection; the majority are of 
 the sixteenth century. 
 
 743. FORK, in bronze. The prongs end at the base in fishes' 
 heads; length, six inches. The date of this rare object is some- 
 what doubtful ; but it is not later than the twelfth century. 
 
 744. HATCHET, in iron, twelve inches in length, the socket 
 for the handle projecting from the centre. It may probably be as 
 early as the tenth or eleventh century, for precisely such an imple- 
 ment is seen in early illuminated manuscripts. 
 
 745. SPADES; of an oval form; the iron sheathing only 
 remains. 
 
 746. RINGS, in gold, and in silver; from the twelfth to the 
 sixteenth century. 
 
152 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 747. RING, in gold, inscribed iaspar . baltasar . melchior. 
 This is, apparently, a ring consecrated for the cure of cramp, or 
 some other complaint. In the Liber Niger Domus Regis Edw. IV. 
 appears: — " Item, to the Kynge's offerings to the cross on Good 
 Friday, out from the countyng-house for medycinable rings of gold 
 and sylver delyvered to the jewell house, xxv s." This ring is of 
 the time of Edward IV, or somewhat earlier; but the use of 
 charmed rings is of much greater antiquity. See Brand's Popular 
 Antiquities, vol. i, p. 150, Halli well's edition; the Collectanea 
 Antiqua, vol. i, p. 115 ; also, No. 644 of this Catalogue. 
 
 748. FERMAIL, or Ring-Shaped Brooch, in lead, inscribed 
 amor . vincit . omnia; apparently of the fourteenth century. 
 The frequent recurrence of this motto on personal ornaments of the 
 middle ages may be attributed to its supposed influence as a love 
 charm. In Mr. HalliwelPs Notices of Fugitive Tracts, page 62, 
 printed for the Percy Society, is an old receipt " To make a ring 
 that will draw love affection?' At the conclusion of the process the 
 lover is instructed to say, Omnia vincit Amor, and then secretly to 
 slide the ring on his mistress's finger, when he will find " a strange 
 alteration in her." 
 
 749. RING-SHAPED Brooch, of the same class as the pre- 
 ceding, inscribed vt . odit . me . amica. The inscription clearly 
 proves that it was intended for a love charm. It is of brass gilt, 
 and of the fourteenth century. 
 
 750. GOLD Brooch, ring formed, set with garnets and knobs, 
 with a quatrefoil alternately. 
 
 These brooches are constructed on the same principle as the 
 early Irish fibulae ; the acus, or pin, falls across in front, and it is 
 kept in its place by a portion of the dress, or a band, which was 
 passed over it from beneath the sides of the ring. 
 
 751. FIBULAE; circular, in bronze, with an Agnus Dei, ena- 
 melled ; in silver, in the form of a lion ; both of early date. 
 
 752. BUCKLES for girdles and belts, in bronze ; an extensive 
 variety. 
 
MEDIEVAL. MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 153 
 
 753. FIBULA, formed out of a silver coin of Philip of France. 
 
 754. PENDANTS fob. Girdles ; many varieties, some of which 
 are of very elegant patterns. 
 
 755. ENAMELLED Badges worn by the retainers of royal and 
 noble persons ; fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. 
 
 756. GILT Brass Stud, or Button, bearing the arms of 
 Edward the Black Prince, viz., France, semee, and England, quar- 
 terly, a label of three points, argent, impaling those of his wife, 
 Joan, daughter and heiress of John Plantagenet, Earl of Kent, 
 England, a border, argent. 
 
 757. BUTTONS ; of various kinds and patterns ; the earliest, 
 apparently of the fourteenth century. 
 
 758. FRAGMENT of an Ivory Comb, of the thirteenth cen- 
 tury. Between two rows of teeth are figures beneath canopies. 
 In one compartment a lady appears to be raising a suppliant lover ; 
 on another is a lady playing on the regals, or hand-organ. Although 
 this is, unfortunately, merely a fragment, it affords an example of 
 the best workmanship of the period. It is engraved in Mr. Fairholt's 
 Costume in England, p. 482. 
 
 759. TOILETTE Implements, in gold and in silver; two sets. 
 They each consist of a tooth-pick, an ear-pick, a nail-pick, and a 
 scraper ; the last is ingeniously contrived to protect, when closed, 
 the points of the other three. They are both of neat workmanship, 
 and have rings to admit of their being worn at the girdle. They 
 closely resemble one in silver gilt found at Alfriston, and published 
 with an engraving by Mr. M. A. Lower in the Sussex Archceological 
 Collections, vol. v, p. 201. They are of the latter part of the 
 fifteenth, or early in the sixteenth century. The practice of carry- 
 ing such objects upon the person is as old as the time of the 
 Romans. 
 
 x 
 
154 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 760. CHAPES, in pewter, and ornaments to various append- 
 ages to the girdle. 
 
 761. TAPS, in bronze, for ale or wine. The spigots are in the 
 form of cocks (birds) ; whence, no doubt, came the term cock ; 
 as " turn the cock", for "turn the spigot." 
 
 762. SPOUTS, in bronze, of fountains, or water reservoirs, 
 without spigots ; one is a rude representation of a bird ; the other, 
 the head of a wolf or bear. 
 
 763. KEYS, in bronze and in iron. 
 
 764. STEEL Dies for the Shieling of Charles I. 
 
 765. PORTIONS of a Pair of small Box Scales for 
 weighing Money; stamped + covronnes. v. 
 
 766. WEIGHTS, in brass and copper, for English and foreign 
 coins ; from the fourteenth to the seventeenth century. 
 
 767. WEIGHTS, in lead, temp. Charles I. 
 
 768. TABERNACLE Work, in brass, of hexagonal form, three 
 and a half inches in height. It has, apparently, formed part of a 
 reliquary. 
 
 769. CHALICE, in silver, temp. Henry VIII ; of small size. 
 
 770. TWO Models of Castles, formed of moulded bricks ; 
 found on the site of the old White Friars' monastery. They 
 
MEDIEVAL. MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 155 
 
 appear to have been used as the ornaments of a gateway of the 
 time of Henry VII or Henry VIII. 
 
 771. CLOTH Marks; many hundred varieties. They occur of 
 the towns of Canterbury, Exeter, Norwich, London, Colchester, 
 and Taunton ; and of places on the continent. The marks of the 
 manufacturers of serges and baize at Colchester are particularly 
 numerous, and mostly bear the date 1571, which was soon after 
 the baize-makers of the Netherlands, driven from their country by 
 religious persecution, settled at Colchester. The old, and not 
 entirely accurate distich refers to a period somewhat earlier : — 
 
 " Hops, Keformation, Bays, and Beer 
 Came into England all in one year." 
 
 An example of one of these cloth marks {temp. Eliz.) is given in 
 the subjoined cut. 
 
 No. 771. 
 
156 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 LEADEN TOKENS. 
 
 Under this general heading are comprised about three hundred 
 pieces, in lead, of various kinds, and extending through about four 
 centuries, down to the middle of the seventeenth. They constitute 
 a kind of money, but are not copies or forgeries of legal coins. 
 The object for which they were made and put into circulation is 
 perfectly easy to be understood. The Romans, who well compre- 
 hended the true basis on which the national coinage should be 
 established, provided an unlimited supply of copper money, in order 
 that the costlier metals could be easily divided into numerous 
 fractional parts, to suit the convenience of the poor, who were 
 thereby enabled to give a coin in exchange for an article of the 
 most trifling value. Public utility was the end and the attainment 
 of the Roman coinage. In the middle ages, this excellent system 
 was not understood; or if understood, was never acted upon. The 
 consequence was a continual deficiency of legalized coins of small 
 value, and continual efforts made by tradesmen, shopkeepers, and 
 others, to substitute a representation of money, in metal, of little 
 worth, to which was attached a certain understood value, to enable 
 people to purchase what they wanted without being subjected to 
 loss. It was as difficult for the tradesman to sell, as for the 
 customer to buy, without the real divisions of the legal coins. The 
 situation of both may be readily conceived by supposing at the 
 present day the copper coinage wholly withdrawn, and nothing to 
 trade with of lower value than the silver money. 
 
 There was also a variety of pieces, known commonly as jetons 
 and counters ; — the latter used in computation of accounts, the 
 former as missilia on particular occasions. Other classes of these 
 leaden pieces were restricted to convents, and other religious esta- 
 blishments, for various purposes. In this division are included 
 what may be called " Medals of Presence", which were given 
 to persons assisting at the performances of the church services and 
 other sacred ceremonies. 
 
 772. A SERIES of Tokens, in lead, a dozen varieties of which 
 are given in plate xvi. Most of these may probably be assigned 
 
PLATE XVI. 
 
 LEADEN TOKENS. 
 
MEDIEVAL. LEADEN TOKENS. 
 
 157 
 
 to the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries ; and there seems every 
 reason for supposing them to be tokens issued by tavern-keepers. 
 Figs. 1, 3, and 4 may either have been designed for inns called 
 " the Bishop", or because they were the property of some prelate. 
 " Bishop Blaize" was a common sign for an inn in the middle 
 ages. Fig. 2 may represent the " King's Head" ; the reverse 
 being, apparently, a pair of playing-tables, — an appropriate device 
 for a tavern token : such tables are borne in the arms of a family 
 named Pegris. Fig. 5 may be the " Lamb", or the " Holy Lamb." 
 Fig. 6, the " Pilgrims". Fig. 7 appears to be the double-headed 
 eagle of Richard, "King of the Romans", younger brother of 
 Henry III ; a very common device of the period upon encaustic 
 tiles, and other ornamental work, as is the stag stricken with an 
 arrow, on fig. 12. Fig. 9 maybe the "Fighting Cocks." The 
 shield on fig. 8 resembles the arms of Clare ; on another, the 
 same shield forms the reverse to the stag of fig. 12. A checquered 
 shield, on a further variety in this collection, having a dog for 
 the obverse, appears to be the arms of Warrenne. A writer in the 
 Gentleman 's Magazine, vol. lxiv, p. 797, says: — "I think it was 
 the great Earl Warrenne, if not, some descendant or heir near him, 
 not beyond the time of Rufus, had an exclusive power of granting 
 licenses to sell beer. That his agent might collect the tax more 
 readily, the door-posts were painted in checquers, the arms of 
 Warren then and to this day." Although the authority for this 
 statement is not cited, it is worthy of notice in support of our 
 belief that most of these tokens indicate taverns and hostelries. 
 A considerable number of leaden tokens of this class, including 
 several figured in plate xvi, were found, together with a quantity 
 of blank pieces of metal, on the outside of old London Wall, near 
 Aldersgate Street. 
 
 773. ONE Hundred Tokens, of a smaller size, of which ex- 
 amples are given in the cut on the next page. They are of later date 
 than the foregoing, but probably are nearly all anterior to the six- 
 teenth century. A considerable number bear shields of various 
 kinds ; others have wheels, stars, drinking vessels, bells, and other 
 objects, all of which we may consider as the badges or signs of taverns 
 or other places of business. One of this division has the letters 
 ihc, and fourteen or fifteen have simply a capital letter ; the reverses 
 of nearly all are similar to those of the specimens in the cut, 
 
158 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 being copied from the silver coins of the fourteenth and fifteenth 
 centuries. 
 
 No. 773. 
 
 774. TOKEN, bearing, on the obverse, a full-faced crowned 
 head, amok . vincit . omnia; on the reverse, a cross with pellats 
 in the angles, and at the termination of the limbs. This specimen 
 is remarkable as resembling coins of William I and II, and 
 Henry I; and, therefore, it may be considered as early as the 
 twelfth century. 
 
 No. 774. 
 
 775. -j- william . hedlem -\- FIT ; in the inner circle, in 
 chepe. Rev. The Agnus Dei with a cock upon his back. This 
 is the earliest known specimen, I believe, of a tradesman's token. 
 It appears to have been furnished with a loop, possibly for affix- 
 ing as a seal to merchandise. 
 
 No. 775. 
 
 776. TOKENS with religious mottoes, of the fifteenth and 
 sixteenth centuries ; ex. gr. in . domino . coneido ; a ship. Rev. 
 
MEDIEVAL. LEADEN TOKENS. 
 
 159 
 
 A rose. — Idem; a dolphin. Rev. ave . makia . gbacia . plena; 
 
 a lily crowned. — A mitre. Rev. beati A cross and pellats. 
 
 These pieces were used in convents, in churches, and in other 
 religious establishments. 
 
 777. angli^e . kegina . vbiqve . HONOB.ATA. The royal arms. 
 This unique piece is an inch and a half in diameter, and therefore 
 is to be considered a medal or medallion. It was found on the site 
 of the old Royal Exchange, and was probably struck to commemorate 
 Queen Elizabeth's visit to the city at the opening. 
 
 778. sola phoznix omnia mvndi. A phoenix ; above, a crown. 
 On the other side, et . angliae . gloria. Full-faced bust of Queen 
 Elizabeth. In Evelyn's Discourse of Medals a very similar obverse 
 appears on a medal of Elizabeth, struck to commemorate a reforma- 
 tion of the coinage. In the same work will be found figured a large 
 oval-shaped medal, on which Elizabeth is also compared to the 
 phoenix. This vain and heartless woman was frequently, in the 
 figurative language of adulation, assimilated to the fabled bird of 
 Arabia ; as, for instance, Sylvester, in the Corona Dedicatoria, pre- 
 fixed to his translation of Du Bartas : — 
 
 "As when the Arahian (only) bird doth burne 
 Her aged bodie in sweet flames to death, 
 Out of her cinders a new bird hath breath, 
 In whom the beauties of the first return; 
 From spicy ashes of the sacred urne 
 Of our dead phoenix (deere Elizabeth), 
 A new true phoenix lively flourisheth." 
 
 This piece was hitherto unpublished and unknown. 
 
 779. b, . k. A double-headed eagle. Rev. A portcullis. 
 
160 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 780. e . r. A lion rampant. Rev. A portcullis and crown. 
 
 No. 780. 
 
 781. god . save . the . qvene. A crowned rose between the 
 letters e . k. Rev. A double-headed eagle. 
 
 782. beati . kegina. A rose and crown. Rev. As above. 
 Examples of these pieces, of which there are several in the 
 
 collection, are shown in the subjoined cut. 
 
 No. 782. 
 
 783. god . save . the . qvene. A rose surmounted by a 
 crown between two columns crowned. Rev. A lion rampant 
 within a garter, and honi . son (a crown) mal . y . pen. Two 
 examples, of large size. They are of Mary of Scotland. 
 
 784. god . save . the . qvene. The arms of the Dauphin of 
 France. Rev. As the preceding. Large size. 
 
 785. pieta . et . ivstia ( sic. J Two crowned columns ; between 
 them a shield with three Jleurs-de-lis ; on each side a flower. 
 Large size. These, and some of the subsequent pieces, refer to 
 Mary of Scotland and Francis of France. 
 
 786. As the preceding, without inscription on the obverse, and 
 of smaller size. 
 
MEDIEVAL. 
 
 , LEADEN TOKENS. 
 
 161 
 
 787. god . save . the . qvene. Shield with three fleurs-de-lis 
 surmounted by a crown. Rev. A double-headed eagle, crowned; 
 in the field t and m (?) 
 
 788. SHIELD with three fleurs-de-lis, crowned. Rev. Two- 
 headed eagle, crowned. 
 
 789. HEART-SHAPED Shield with three fleurs-de-lis, crowned 
 and foliated. Rev. Arms of Scotland. 
 
 790. henricvs . dei . gea. Shield with three fleurs-de-lis, 
 crowned. Rev. The arms of Scotland. This, and apparently the 
 preceding, are of Henry, second husband of Mary of Scotland. 
 
 791. Camere . co . regiorvm. Shield bearing three fleurs-de- 
 lis crowned. Rev . Two-headed eagle crowned. A counter. See 
 Snelling on Jettons and Counters, p. 4. 
 
 The following are chiefly anterior to the middle of the Seventeenth 
 Century. 
 
 792. A CROWNED Head resembling those on the coins of the 
 Edwards and Henries. Rev. a. r. o., and a merchant's mark. 
 
 793. a. havd. morgan hind. Rev. A doe, or hind. 
 
 794. edward box at the. A bear with a chain. Rev. e. b. 
 
 IN BRIDE LANE. 
 
 795. r. h. Rev. A rose. — (2) i. w. m. Rev. A rose. 
 
 796. iohn rowthe. A rose. Rev. i. R. in hosier lane. 
 
 Y 
 
162 CATALOGUE. 
 
 797. t. i. m. . Rev. the old hose. A rose. 
 
 798. i. m. g. Rev. in swithtns lane. A lion. 
 
 799. w. r. r. Rev. in .Sell ally in hovn. Rev. dich in 
 a cellar. A cheese knife (?) 
 
 800. it. e. e. Rev. A unicorn. 
 
 801. robart goodspeed. The Cooks' Company's arms. Rev. 
 in pyddin lane. A short cross in the field. 
 
 802. STEVEN THECKSON. S. G. T. Rev. LYON. IN. BATTERSEA. 
 
 A lion rampant. 
 
 803. i. e. it. Rev. c. it. Bust of Charles I. 
 
 804. c. a. g. Rev. iyggler. A dog. 1651. 
 
 805. m. b. Rev. St. George and the Dragon. 
 
 806. s. m. k. Rev. St. George and the Dragon. 
 
 807. R. l. Rev. A boar's head. 
 
 808. e. k. A mitre. Rev. Plain. 
 
 809. p. e. (Prince Edward.) Prince of Wales's feathers. 
 Rev. A flower-pot upon which is i. w. Large size. 
 
 810. MILLER. & SPOTSWOOD . THE GOLDEN PIPPIN TREE IN 
 
 qyeene street. Rev. An ajople tree, with g. k. incuse. Large 
 size. 
 
MEDIEVAL. TRADESMEN'S TOKENS. 
 
 163 
 
 811. adam dvlan. 1578. A cross fleuree with crowns and 
 fleur-de-lis. Rev. in kilkene. Shield with three fleurs-de-lis, 
 crowned. Large size. 
 
 812. IOHN GARLAND AT SOVTHFLEET, KENT, acrOSS the field. 
 
 Rev. A Catharine wheel. Large size. 
 
 813. EIGHTY Small Tokens, chiefly with initial letters on 
 one side, and on the other devices, the most conspicuous of which 
 are swans ; swans with two necks ; woolpacks ; cross keys ; a 
 porcupine ; bulls' heads ; a bull ; rose and crown ; a fox ; a griffin ; 
 a wheatsheaf ; a mermaid ; a ship or hoy ; etc. ; dates are unusual ; 
 those which occur are 1644, 1649, 1651, and 1652. 
 
 TRADESMEN'S TOKENS, 
 
 IN BRASS, FROM ABOUT 1648 TO 1674. 
 
 James I and Charles I struck farthings with a view to supply the 
 want of a legalized copper currency ; but these coins never obtained 
 the public confidence, and the leaden tokens were never superseded 
 by them. At the death of Charles, the tradesmen of London, 
 followed by those of every town, and almost of every village, openly 
 issued their tokens. A foreigner, who visited England in the 
 reign of Charles II, thus speaks of them: — "It is a remarkable 
 thing in England, that in the cities and towns, and even in every 
 street of the villages, they strike a particular piece of small copper or 
 brass money, called a far din, which will not pass beyond the street 
 or quarter wherein it was coined. These are generally marked 
 with the name of some citizen, or of some shopkeeper, such as a 
 grocer, a chandler, or a mercer, who buys that permission from the 
 king; so that it is a great inconvenience to travellers, since on 
 
164 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 quitting a town or village, or any city, all this small money ceases 
 to be current." 1 
 
 These tokens are not without historical interest. During the 
 comparatively brief period to which they are limited, they serve as 
 a kind of street guide and directory, giving the signs of houses, 
 the names of the tenants, and the trade or business they exercised. 
 Some of the streets, alleys, and places which they record, owing 
 to the Great Fire and subsequent alterations and improvements, 
 have taken other names, or have merged into new thorough- 
 fares; they are, therefore, of considerable topographical value. 
 The signs which appear almost always on tokens of this class, often 
 derived from an early origin, serve to explain many of those on the 
 leaden ones, which are void of inscription ; and they shew that in 
 the middle ages it was a general practice for the tradesmen to dis- 
 tinguish their houses by some outward representation. This was 
 effected either by a painting upon the wall ; or by a painting on a 
 board suspended over the door; or by sculptured devices let into 
 the wall. Some of the last are extant at the present day ; as, for 
 instance, the " Helmet", at the entrance of Helmet Court, in 
 London Wall ; the "Ape" and the "Cock" in Philip Lane; the 
 "Fruiterers' Arms" in Newgate Street; the "Bear" in Addle 
 Street ; and the " Three Foxes" in Abchurch Lane ; and there are 
 a few restorations of old signs, as the " Guy of Warwick" in 
 Warwick Lane. The signs often remained after the business of 
 the house was changed ; the " White Lion Goal" in Southwark, 
 Stow tells us, was formerly the " White Lion Hostelry." Some, 
 it will be noticed, are suggested by the names of the traders, and 
 are what is termed canting arms, as the rabbit for Warren, a 
 double-headed eagle for Eagles, etc. 
 
 It is worthy of notice, that although many of these tokens were 
 issued during the Commonwealth, only one or two appear to have 
 adopted the state's arms; while at this period, examples of the 
 emblems of royalty abound. It shews that Cromwell did not 
 trouble himself to interfere in suppressing memorials which, to 
 most governments, would have appeared highly obnoxious ; and it 
 
 1 Translation of the Travels of M. Jorevin de Bocheford, Paris, 1672; 
 printed in the Antiquarian Bepcrtory, vol. ii, p. 22. 
 
MEDIEVAL. TRADESMEN S TOKENS. 
 
 165 
 
 shews also that among the tradespeople the Commonwealth was 
 not very popular. 
 
 As an elaborate description would swell the Catalogue beyond 
 its prescribed limits, I have, except in a few instances, merely 
 given the names of the tradesmen and the signs, with the dates 
 when they occur. Those to which an asterisk is prefixed appear 
 to be unpublished. The letters A. and B. refer respectively to the 
 two best works on the subject, namely, Mr. Akerman's Tradesmen's 
 Tokens current in London ; and Mr. Burns' Descriptive Catalogue of 
 Mr. Beaufoy's collection ; and indicate that remarks, worthy of 
 notice, appear in these works relating to the particular tokens to 
 which, in my list, the letters are appended. 
 
 814. Abchurch Lane. 1. ralph lvcas at the whit bear. 
 
 1665. — 2. * John Malett, 1664. 
 
 815. Addle Street. * Robert rhett . in adel streete. 
 
 1666. A sugar-loaf. 
 
 816. Aldersgate Street. 1. ioseph collet. A milk pail. — 
 2. * iohn norton. 1667. A bird. — 3. * Nicholas warren, 
 A rabbit. 
 
 817. Aldersgate Without, iohn mynn. St. George and the 
 Dragon. B. 
 
 818. Aldgate. 1. * richard bradle. A stirrup. 2. gabriell 
 harper. An angel (Gabriel) holding a scroll. Rev. withovt 
 allgat. [16]59. A bunch of grapes. 
 
 819. Angel Street, iohn abethell. Seven stars. Rev. in 
 
 ANGELL STREET. I. A. A. 
 
 820. St. Ann's Street. ralph evllerins. Scales. Rev. 
 
 ANS STREET WESTMIN. 
 
166 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 821. Bankside. 1. melchisedek fritter. Feltmakers' arms. 
 B. — 2. thomas martin. A hedge-hog. — 3. thomas seabro. 
 A unicorn. — 4. handrey strovd. 1658. A unicorn. — 5. 
 iohn lvdgall. 1668. Waterman's arms. — 6. * yovng. 
 Cooks' arms. 
 
 822. Bank En.d, Southwark. anthony craven. A castle. 
 
 823. Barbican, edwakd grove. 1665. The bowyers' arms. 
 
 824. Bartholomew Close, william rvssell. 1671. his 
 
 COFFEE HOVSE. Rev. IN ST. BARTHOLOMEWS CLOSE. A man 
 
 pouring coffee. 
 
 825. Basing Lane, vincent fletcher. 1666. Seven stars. 
 
 826. Battle Bridge, Southwark. edwakd tvrner. Four 
 dancing dogs. — 2. the brood hen. A hen in her nest. 
 
 827. Bearbinder Lane. * at the lobster in- (t . h). Rev. 
 bearebinder lane. A lobster. Bearbinder Lane was a passage 
 to Swithin's Lane on the east side of Stocks Market. 
 
 828. Bermondsey Street, iohn stevens in barmonsi — i. A. s. 
 1666. 
 
 829. Billingsgate. the qveenes head. Bust of Queen 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 830. Bishopsgate Street Within. 1. * will : bennet. 16 . . 
 Bust of Charles I. — 2. harding the baker. — 3. Walter 
 shaller. 1666. A target. — 4. * the black heart. A hart 
 
MEDIEVAL. TRADESMEN'S TOKENS. 167 
 
 couchant. I find no other instance of this sign. — 5. * the tvn 
 and arrows. A tun transfixed with three arrows. — 6. the 
 movth tavern. A man's face with an enormous mouth. — 7. 
 
 THE ELOWER POT. 8. THE SHIP TAYERN. 9. THE STAR 
 
 TA VERNE. 10. THE SHVGER LOFE. 
 
 831. Bishopsgate Street Within. 1. Ralph Butcher. 1666. 
 Rev. A lion rampant: above, a stick of candles. B. — 2. peter 
 eagles. 1668. A spread eagle. — dorothy oyerton at the. 
 A pack horse. B. — 4. Salter. 1658. A raven (?) There was 
 the sign of the " Black Raven" in Bishopsgate Without. A. — 5. 
 the rose and crown. — 6. Robert stvdd at the. A helmet. 
 An original sculptured helmet is to be seen in London Wall. It 
 was probably used as a sign by armourers. — 6. e. c. at the 
 blew boore. A Maltese cross. Rev. A boar. The blue boar 
 was the badge of Richard III : — 
 
 " Catesby the cat and Lovell the dog 
 Kule all England under the hog." 
 
 832. Blackfriars. * at the ploay. A plough. Rev. in 
 
 BLACK -FRIERS. 1650. 
 
 833. Blackman Street. 1. william allsyp. at the. A stag's 
 antlers. — 2. edward Salter at y e white. A horse. 1667. 
 
 834. Blowbladder Street 1. rich, ioyce at the. Adam and 
 Eve ; between them a tree, upon which hangs a serpent. Rev. 
 in blowblader st. Blowbladder Street was a short but broad 
 street between Cheapside and Newgate Street. It is possible this 
 identical sign (the Fruiterers' arms) is the sculpture to be seen at 
 the present day upon the house in Newgate Street, facing St. 
 Martin' s-le-Grand. It bears the date 1669. — 2. * Robert boys. 
 1664. Three sugar loaves. 
 
 835. Boss Alley. * at the 3 mariners. Three seamen. 
 Rev. in eoss alley. 1653. w. c. r. Boss Alley was on the 
 
168 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 south side of Thames Street, near Peter's Hill; so called, says 
 Stow, from a boss of spring water continually running. 
 
 836. Bow Lane. 1. pet. brailsford. A horse shoe. — 2. 
 * iohn barsdale. An Indian smoking. — 3. the geeene 
 
 DRAGON. 4. * AT THE BLACK TALBYT. A dog With Collar and 
 
 chain. Rev. bow lane mele shop. J'he device on the obverse 
 repeated. — 5. iohn woolrich at the cok. 1652. A game 
 cock. B. — 6. Andrew ragdale. A man dipping candles. 
 
 837. Bow Street, Westminster, at the blew lion. e. f. o. 
 A lion rampant. 
 
 838. Bread Street. 1. * william noble. 1668. Rev. 
 confectioner and grocer. The Grocers' arms. — 2. the 
 white hores. 1649. A horse. 
 
 839. Brick Lane, Spitalfields. * william brattle at the. 
 An oak tree bearing three crowns. Rev. at the royal oak. 
 
 840. Brick Hill Lane. * 10. iohnson in brickhill. A she 
 
 fox. Rev. LANE IN THAMES STREET. 1669. 
 
 841. Bridewell. 1. at y 1 fyd byll in. A bull. Rev. oyld 
 
 BRIDWELL. 1652. 2. THIS HALF PENY BELONGS TO Y E . The 
 
 city arms. Rev. hospitall of bridwel. londo. The city arms. 
 
 842. Bridewell Dock, giles ray . woodmong. Woodmongers' 
 arms. Rev. at . bridwell docke. B. 
 
 843. Bridge Foot, Southivark. cornelivs cooke at the. A 
 bear passant, with collar and chain. Rev. beare at the bridge 
 fot. c. a. c. This was a well known tavern, and is often men- 
 
MEDIEVAL. — TRADESMEN'S TOKENS. 
 
 169 
 
 tioned in ballads, and by writers of the seventeenth century. B . 
 There is a token of this tavern with the name of a different 
 tenant. A. 
 
 844. Bride Lane. * barberey patne her half peny. Rev. 
 in bride lane 1669. b. p. A flower, the roots of which take 
 the form of " a true lover's knot." 
 
 845. Broad Street. * Stephen slaney. Three sugar loaves. 
 
 846. Bulwark, Tower Hill. * thomas starcs. t. e. s. Rev. 
 in the bvllworke. 1653. 
 
 847. Butcher Row. mathew dyne at y e bacon shop. A 
 flitch of bacon. Rev. in bvtcher row at temple bar. 
 
 848. Candlewick Street, as the whit lyon tavern. A lion 
 rampant. Rev. in candlewick street, t. e. in monogram. 
 
 849. Cannon Street, at y e white hart. A hart couchant. 
 
 850. Carey Lane, iohn iackson. The drapers' arms. 
 
 851. Carter Lane, francis gvrson. A man with horse and 
 cart. 
 
 852. Castle Yard. * george pickfat in castle. A castle ; 
 below, his \. Rev. yard tallow chandler. 1666. 
 
 853. Chancery Lane. 1. * william brampton. 1666. A 
 unicorn. Rev. milinor, &c. — 2. * f. w. at the golden 
 cross. — 3. * Randolph hope. A spur and its fastening. — 
 4. the s. ions head tavern. The Baptist's head in a charger. 
 
 z 
 
170 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 854. Charles Street. * noah webb . charles. A phoenix. 
 Rev. streete . at y e fenix. There were several streets of this 
 name ; this is probably named after Charles II, and the phoenix 
 may allude to its restoration, or to that of the house, after the 
 Great Fire. 
 
 855. Charterhouse Lane, iohn howes at chartr. Grocers' 
 arms. Rev. hovse lane end. i. m. h. 
 
 856. Cheapside. 1. at the mitre in cheap. A mitre. 
 Rev. side : forget not. t. d. " The Mitre in Cheape" is 
 noticed anterior to 1475, in the parish records of St. Michael's, 
 Cheapside. B. — 2. against the great. Three tuns. Rev. 
 
 CONDVIT IN CHEAPSIDE. I. S. H. 
 
 857. Chiswell Street, Finsbury. at the ploygh. A plough. 
 
 Rev. IN CHESEL STREET. I. P. T. 
 
 858. Church Lane, iohn stonyer. 1658. King David with 
 a harp. The sign of King David in Thames Street is mentioned by 
 Stow. 
 
 859. St. Clement's Lane, Strand. * the white lion. Lion 
 rampant. 
 
 860. Cloak Lane, at the willow tree. n. i. b. A tree. 
 
 861. Cloth Fair, henry ingersole at y e 3. Vintners' arms. 
 Rev. tvnnes in cloath faire. 1668. There is an earlier 
 token of the same man, with the bakers' arms. A. and B. 
 
 862. Coleman Street. * samvel colman at. A sugar loaf (?) 
 above, a crescent. Rev. corner colman street, s. a. c. 
 
MEDIEVAL. — -TRADESMEN'S TOKENS. 171 
 
 863. Cornhill. 1. Robert halton. Busts of a man and a 
 boy, the latter holding a flagon. Rev. in cornhill. r. e. h. 
 — 2. at the seven stars. Seven stars. Rev. in cornhill. 
 1648. m. i. w. Tokens of this date are very scarce. 
 
 864. Counter Lane, Southwark. samvel smith, m. s. s. 
 
 865. Cow Cross, the dogg and bare. A dog attacking a 
 bear. Rev. at cow cross. 1653. i. m. b. This sign owed 
 its origin to the cruel and degrading sport of bear-baiting, — one 
 of the fashionable pastimes of a period comparatively recent. 
 
 866. Cow Lane. 1. iohn collis in. A naked figure holding 
 a staff and some other object. Rev. cow lane. 1657. i. a. c. 
 
 2. WILLIAM STRINGFELLOW AT. Rev. Y E BVLL HEAD IN COW 
 
 lane. A bull's head. 
 
 867. Cousin's Lane. 1. * iohn marte in cvzen. A flat 
 circular object. Rev. lane Thames street, i. m. — 2. * peter 
 
 TVLL WOODMON. A plough. ReV. GER. IN COZEN LANE. P. A. T. 
 
 868. Cripplegate. * will, barnes . against; in the field, 
 w. m. b. Rev. cripelgate chvrch ; in the field, oyle shop. 
 
 869. Crucifix Lane. * thomas adamsend in. The bakers' 
 arms. Rev. crvcifix lane . in sovthwark his . halfpenny, 
 t. a. a., across the field. Of octagonal form. 
 
 870. Crutched Friars, william sargant . mealman. Rev. 
 in crvtched friers. A bunch of grapes. 
 
 871. Deadmarfs Place, Southwark. 1. the red hart brew- 
 hovs. A hart passant. 2. * the red hart brewhovs in 
 
172 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 deadmans place. | d -, across the field. Rev. 1668. concordia . 
 part a . pes . crescvnt; across the field. Heart-shaped. — 
 3. iohn ereman. A griffin. 
 
 872. Ditch Lane. * elez. bvttepeield . at. A pair of 
 antlers. Rev. in . deech lane. e. b. 
 
 873. Dowgate. 1. * ann cox at the. Bust of Charles II. 
 
 ReV. KINGS HEAD AT DOWGATE. A. C. 2. S. P. AT DOWGATE. 
 
 Rev. l d - 
 
 874. Drury Lane. 1. iohn baenes in drewry. A sun- 
 flower. Rev. LANE CHEESEMONGER. 2. IOHN CLARE IN 
 
 drevrey. A cheese knife. Rev. lane st. Giles. — 3. thomas 
 hayton in drvry. A negro's head. Rev. lane his halfe 
 penny. An arched crown. — 4. thomas wilson. In the field, 
 in drvre lane . over against the. A sunflower. (The sign 
 of No. 1.) — 5. at the sparosnest. Three sparrows. Rev. in 
 
 DRVRE LANE. I. A. S. 
 
 875. Little Drury Lane. * edward harrise in. In the 
 field, meal man. Rev. little drewry lane. 1666. | D -. 
 
 876. Little Eastcheap. iohn . rolston. The Prince of Wales' 
 feathers. 
 
 877. East SmWifield. 1. the bvll head taverne. A bull's 
 head. — 2. at the old prins. Bust of Prince Henry, son of 
 James I (?). — 3. george hickes. A swan. — 4. william 
 smith. A swan with collar and chain. — 5. next to the red 
 
 LION. W. K. G. Rev. B. H. IN EST SMITHFILD. W. K. G. 
 
 6. THE BLACK BEAR. 
 
 878. Exchange Alley. 1. The Coffee House in Exchange Alley, 
 
MEDIEVAL. TRADESMEN'S TOKENS. 
 
 173 
 
 in four lines. Rev. Morat. Head of the Sultan Amurat, or 
 Morat. A curious advertisement of this coffee house, from the 
 Kingdom's Intelligencer of 1662, will be found in Mr. Burns' 
 Descriptive Catalogue, p. 67. — 2. morat y e great men did 
 mee call. Profile of the Sultan Amurat. Rev. where eare i 
 came i conqver'd ael. In field, Coffee, Tobacco, Sherbet, Tea, 
 Chocolat, Retail in Exchange Ally. — 3. A variety of No. 2. 
 
 879. Fasson Street, rich Nicholson in fasson. A roll of 
 silk. Rev. street in spittilfilds . his half peny. 
 
 880. Fenchurch Street. 1. at the mitetr [for mitre] in. 
 A mitre. Rev. fenchvrch streete ; in the field, d. m. r. The 
 names implied by the initials are Daniel Rawlinson and his wife 
 Mary. On the execution of Charles I, he hung the sign of his 
 tavern in mourning. His wife, Pepys informs us, died of the 
 plague. B. — 2. the wheatshefe. 
 
 881. Fetter Lane. 1. william bvrman. A chequer. — 2. 
 iohn, smith, in. A mermaid. Rev. fetter lane. 1654. 
 
 I. K. S. 
 
 882. Fish Street Hill. * the kings head tavern. Bust of 
 Henry VIII. Rev. in new fish street ; in the field, t. m. b. — 
 Mr. Akerman gives a token of this tavern with the name of Tho. 
 Blagrove. — 2. * at the grashoper . in . t. v. Rev. new 
 fish streete. A grasshopper. 
 
 883. Fleet Street. * William King att y e (crown) his in 
 four lines. Rev. In Hercules Pillers in Fleet Street, 1664, in five 
 lines. — 2. iohn secol at s. dvnstans . i. p. s. Rev. chvrch 
 
 FLEET . STREET. -B. 
 
 884. Flemish Church Yard, the labor in vaine in. Women 
 scrubbing a negro. Rev. flemishe chvrch yard. — i. i. c. 
 
174 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 885. Fore Street, thomas papworth. A lion. t. e. p. 
 
 886. Foster Lane, anthont poole ironmongk. Nag's head. 
 
 ReV. IN FOSTER LANE. 1668. HIS HALFE PENY. 
 
 887. Friday Street, andeew vincent y e copfee. Hand 
 holding a coffee-pot. Rev. hovse in Friday street. [16]7l ; 
 in field 1 D - 
 
 888. George Yard. 1. will . adkines in george yard. 
 Bust of Queen Henrietta Maria. Rev. in king street west- 
 minster. 2. THOMAS COOKE . BAKER. 1666. 3. * EDWARD 
 
 phipps. A winged cat. 
 
 889. St. Giles in the Fields. 1. * iohn bvtler, 1670. A 
 castle. — 2. Robert deeds, 1666. — 3. * Robert hyllcyp. A 
 cat. — 4. elizareth pearce [16]63. Three birds; the tallow 
 chandlers' arms. — 5. henry powell. 1662. — 6. philip 
 wethrell. Three lions passant. — 7. the wheatsheife. 
 
 890. Giltspur Street. 1. *richard iohnson. A mermaid. — 
 2. at the maidenhead, in the field, d. b. Rev. giltspyr 
 streete. The mercers' arms. 
 
 891. Golden Lane. 1. * isaac wybyrd at y e — ? Rev. in 
 
 GOYLDIN LANE [16]66. 2. THE WHITE SWAN. A SWan, with 
 
 collar and chain. 
 
 892. Goodman's Yard. 1. * honest ned spencer at y e . A 
 roll of tobacco. Rev. in Goodmans yard, 1668. 
 
 893. Goose Lane. 
 
 HIS HALFE PENNY 
 
 lion rampant. 
 
 * iho. baily . in goos . lane ; in field, 
 
 , T. E. B. Rev. NEAR BOW CHVRCH. A 
 
MEDIEVAL. TRADESMEN'S TOKENS. 
 
 .175 
 
 894. Gracechurch Street. 1. * l. cashe at the bors. A 
 boar's head with a lemon in its mouth. Rev. head in grace . c . 
 stret. l. a. c. — 2. the 3 tvns taverne. Vintners' arms. 
 
 I. E. K. 
 
 895. Gravel Lane. 1. * roob. collins at the. A hart 
 couchant, Rev. gravell lane . banc ; in field, side . . r. m. c. 
 
 2. ROGER DANNIEL AT Y E . As No. 1. Rev. IN GRAVELL 
 
 LANE. R. K. D. 3. * HENRI ENGLISH. Two tobaCCO pipes 
 
 crossed. Rev. in gravil lane. h. e. The last of these is 
 probably of Gravel Lane, Houndsditch. 
 
 896. New Gravel Lane. 1. * matthew brigges. A stag 
 couchant. Rev. in new gravell lane. m. c. b. — 2. * at 
 the blew anker. An anchor. 
 
 897. Gray 's Inn Lane, hvmphrey wigan. 1663. An arrow. 
 
 898. Green Yard. richard nettleton. King's head. 
 (Charles II.) 
 
 899. Grub Street. * Thomas Threlkeld, Grocer. In the field, 
 
 HIS HALEE PENNY AT Y E . Rev. WHITE LION IN GRVB STREET. 
 
 Lion rampant. 
 
 900. Guildhall Gate. 1. Robert peete . over against. Lion 
 rampant. Rev. gvildhall gate. 1669. The White Lion 
 tavern, or ale house, in Guildhall Yard, often noticed by writers of 
 the period, is further recorded by another token, " at the Whit 
 Lyon, in Guildhall Gate." A. — 2. * iohn stokes at. The 
 brewers' arms. Rev. yeld-hallgate. 
 
 901. Gutter Lane, thomas fitzhvgh at y e golden ; in the 
 field, l d - Rev. anchor in gvter land. An anchor and cable. 
 
 902. Half Moon Court, at the halfe moon. A crescent. 
 
176 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 Rev. in the corte. 1658. In the field, s. a. m. Mr. Aker- 
 man gives a similar token, but with the early date of 1648, and 
 the initials, . . h. b. 
 
 903. Hammond's Quay, at the hen and. A hen and chicken. 
 Rev. chickens at hamon's key. In the centre iohn sell, be- 
 tween s. r. — There is also a Token of Dorothy Sell, of the same 
 sign. 1668. A. 
 
 904. High Timber Street, at y e end of high timber. Three 
 tobacco pipes. Rev. street near queenhith, in the field, his 
 half peny, l. f. f. {Octagonal.) 
 
 905. Holborn. 1. william cobb. The Sun. B. — 2. * iohn 
 
 DVRHAM . AT THE. A Crown. 3. * HENRY EDWARDS . CORN. 
 
 A dog? Rev. ChanDLER in holborn . 1688. — 4. anthoney 
 ioyce. Three stags. Rev. at hoborn conded. a.k.i. — 5. 
 
 THO . RAYNER . AT KINGS. A gate. Rev. GATE IN HOLBORN. 
 
 — 6. * tho . scvlthorp . baker. Baker's Arms. Rev. george 
 
 YARD . HOLBVRNE. — 7. WILLIAM WHETSTON. A Negro boy. 
 
 1653. B. — 8. ioseph higgs . A . 918. — 9. * iames tatham . 
 at the. A falcon standing over an infant (the Stanley arms.) 
 
 Rev. AGAINST Y E MIDLE ROW HOLBOR. 10. DANIELL GREY . 
 
 salvtation. The angel Gabriel saluting Mary. Rev. taverne 
 
 IN HOLBORNE. 
 
 906. Holborn Bridge. 1. Robert booth. Two men with staves. 
 Rev. at holborne bridg. — The two figures are probably in- 
 tended to represent wardens or bailiffs. The remains of the old 
 bridge were uncovered a few years since. — 2. at the 3 tvns at. 
 Three tuns. Rev. holborne bridge, t.f.m. There is another 
 bearing the date, 1648. A. No. 974. 
 
 907. Horsley Down. 1. * at the gvy of warrick. Figure 
 of Guy on horseback. Rev. at horsly . downe ; in field, t. e. l. 
 Ours appears to be the only known token bearing the sign of this 
 
MEDIEVAL. TRADESMEN'S TOKENS. 
 
 177 
 
 celebrated hero of British romance. — 2. * at the kings head. 
 Head of James I. 1653. 
 
 908. Houndsditch. 1. * iohn barker . coper . at y e . A 
 bull. Rev. BLACK BVLL IN hovnsdich ; in field, HIS HALFE 
 penny. 1669. — 2. phillip iemmet in. A game-cock. Rev. 
 
 HVNDICH . GOLDEN COCK. P. E. I. 
 
 909. Irongate. 1. * fear god . honovr y e king. Bust of 
 Charles II. Rev. at y e iron . gate. Arms : on a fess between 
 three demi-lions rampant; as many roundles. — 2. iohn patson. 
 In the field, the name in monogram. Rev. at the iron gate. 
 
 1. a. p. Stow, in his description of the Tower, observes, " towards 
 the east is a great and strong gate, commonly called the Iron gate, 
 but not usually opened." 
 
 910. Jacob Street. 1. * thomas geskinge in. Carpenters' 
 arms. Rev. iacob street. 1666. t. e. g., in monogram. — 
 
 2. * IOHN PRESTON AT Y E ESSEX. Rev. ARMES IN IACOB STREET. 
 
 Arms of d'Eureux, or Devereux, Earl of Essex. — 3. the bvnch 
 
 or GRAPES. 
 
 911. St. James's Street, edward smith at y e poets. Head 
 with a wreath. Rev. head in st. iames street ; in field, his 
 
 HALFE PENY. 
 
 912. Jerusalem Alley, sent . iervsalem alle. The city of 
 Jerusalem. Rev. in gratiovs street, e. e. a. 
 
 913. Jewin Street. Robert stanhopp at the. A fleur-de-lis. 
 Rev. IN iewin street. 1667. 
 
 914. St. John Street. * william hill at the popes. Bust 
 of the Pope. Rev. head in st. iohn streete ; in field, his 
 
 a A 
 
178 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 halfe penny. 1666. The sign of the " Pope's Head", at the 
 period of the issuing of these tokens, is of rare occurrence. One 
 at Dowgate, and one in Chancery Lane, are given in Mr. Burn's 
 Catalogue; but I do not notice an example in Mr. Akerman's 
 more extensive list. 
 
 915. St. Katharine's. I. * Robert blackbvrn; in field, his 
 halfepeny. Rev. at . s. k at herns dock. The Fishmongers' 
 arms. — 2. richard bryan. 1667. Rev. at katherns . mil . 
 bridg. r. m. b. — 3. Thomas Houlcroft. 1665. Rev. by y e 
 
 CAGE IN ST. KATHERNS. T. M. H. 4. * AT THE SWORD AND 
 
 dagger. A sword and dagger. Rev. in st. katherins lane. 
 
 916. Kent Street. 1. at the white bear. A bear; above, 
 
 H. E. M. Rev. IN KENT STREET. B. A FARTHING CHANGER. 
 
 — 2. thom . stiver . at the. Three sparrows (?) Rev. end 
 
 OF KENT STREETE. 1652. 
 
 917. King Street. * richard sangar in king. A negro's 
 head. Rev. street . his halfe . peny; in field, r. m. s. 1668. 
 
 918. King Street, Westminster. * samvell ieffrey ; infield, 
 kings street. Rev. in Westminster, s. s. I. 
 
 919. Lambeth. 1. hercvles cox . starch. A wheatsheaf 
 between three birds. Rev. maker in lambeth. [16]69. — 2. 
 thomas edmonds. Corn porters lifting a sack. Rev. in lam- 
 beth. 1668. — 3. * Rowland hill in lambeth. A lion and 
 an anchor ; above each a crown. Rev. marsh . his halfe peny. 
 
 1667. R. F. H. 4. IOHN RA.INE . NEW PLANTACVN. Rev. 
 
 narrow walk near lambeth. Two sawyers at work. 5. 
 
 * iasper roase. Noah's ark. Rev. in lambeth. 1667. 
 
 I. E. R. 6. * AT THE GREEN DRAGON. A dragon. Rev. ON 
 
 LAMBETH HILL. 1651. I. E. H. 
 
 920. Leadcnhall Street. 1. iohn alder at y e peale. A 
 
MEDIEVAL.- — TRADESMEN'S TOKENS. 
 
 179 
 
 baker's peel between 1668. — 2. william vaston. A man 
 dipping candles. — 3. iohn crowe. An anchor. — 4. * at the 
 doge and dvck. A dog with a duck in his mouth. Rev. at 
 leaden . hall . gate. g. a. t. This sign is another indica- 
 tion of the cruel and debasing sports which occupied the leisure 
 time of the Londoners. 
 
 921. Limehouse. * nicolas latch; in field, his half peny. 
 Rev. in limehoyse. A lion passant. 
 
 922. Little Britain. 1. * francts taylor. Two angels sup- 
 porting a crown. Rev. little britten. e. a. t. — 2. Robert 
 
 WILLMEE IN. R. M. W. Rev. LITLE BRITTAINE ; in field, 
 [16]64. LETHER CYTTER. A shoe. 
 
 923. Little Somer's Quay. * iohn simmonds. 1666. A still. 
 Rev. ON LITTLE SYMMER KAY ; in field, HIS halee penny. 
 I. H. S. 
 
 924. Lolesworth ? * thomas spicar . in. The Mercers' arms. 
 Rev. loswooth lane. 1657. t. h. s. This locality (if really 
 of London) is not recorded by any other known token. Lolesworth 
 was the old name of Spitalfields. Presented by Mr. John Adkins 
 Barton. 
 
 925. London Bridge. * george walker . on. A rose. Rev. 
 london bridge, 1667; his HALEE penny, g. w. Mr. Thomson 
 has published several tokens relating to this locality in his excellent 
 work the Chronicles of London Bridge, p. 384-5; but this specimen 
 does not occur among them. 
 
 926. London Wall. * hester trotter at y e . A nag passant. 
 
 Rev. BY LONDON WALL [16]67. H. T. 
 
 927. Long Acre. 1. Robert abbits. A human leg. 2. * at 
 
 THE SYGAR LOAEE. 1656. G. D. D. 
 
180 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 928. Long Lane. golden ball. meale shop. A ball 
 suspended. 
 
 929. Lothbury. iohn yarny. 1671. Rev. a bunch of grapes. 
 
 930. Love Lane, kings head post. Bust of James I. Rev. 
 
 HOVSE, LOVE LANE. [16]57. W. I. L. 
 
 931. Ludgate. * at the dogg tavern. A dog with collar 
 and chain. Rev. within lvdgate. g. g. p. Mr. Burn has 
 published a token of this tavern, issued by Henry Paine. — 2. 
 
 HENRY MORICE AT THE BLACK DOGG ; in the field, P* Rev. IN 
 COCK ALLEY, NEAR LVDGATE. A Spaniel dog. B. 
 
 932. Maid Lane. * iohn harrison in. A sugar loaf and 
 two stars. Rev. in maide lane sovthwarke. 
 
 933. Mark Lane. Alexander stringer. 1666. Clothworkers' 
 arms. B. 
 
 934. Market Place, at the old man in. A bearded profile. 
 Rev. market pla. westmin ; in the field, w. i. r. 
 
 935. Marshalsea Prison, iohn lowman at the. A portcullis. 
 
 Rev. MARSHAL - SEY IN SOVTHWARK. HIS HALFE PENNY. 
 
 936. Margaret's Hill. * the black boy at margr. An 
 Indian boy smoking. Rev. hill in soitthwarke. h. p. h. 
 
 937. St. Martin's Lane. 1. * will, robinson at y e govlden. 
 An anchor. Rev. in st. martin's lane. 1667. — 2. * y e 
 qveenes armes. The Royal Arms. Rev. tavern martins 
 
 LANE. I. D. G. 
 
MEDIEVAL. TRADESMEN'S TOKENS. 181 
 
 938. St. - Mar tin' s-le- Grand. 1. * edwaed white at the. 
 A rose and crown. Rev. in st. martins le grand. [16] 69. 
 
 HIS HALFPENY. E. M. W. 2. * IOS. WILSON . CHANDLER. A 
 
 last; above i. m. w. Rev. in martins legrand. 1669. 
 
 939. St. Mary Magdalen, francis wood al y e . The Com- 
 monwealth arms. Rev. in mary maydlens. f. i. w. 
 
 940. The Maze. * Nicholas macreth. Object detrited. Rev. 
 
 MEASE . SOVTHWARKE. N. S. M. 
 
 941. The Minories. 1. arthvr hancock. A bell and wheel. 
 — 2. henry sadd in y e . minories. A crowned rose. Rev. a 
 coffe halfe peny. 1664. The Sultan's head, and h.s. — 3. * 
 at the 2 smithes. Two smiths working at an anvil, 1665. 
 i. s. p. 
 
 942. The Mint. richard perkins. Mercers' arms. Rev. 
 
 IN MINT . SOVTHWARKE. R. M. P. B. 
 
 943. Montague Close. 1. * at y e dyers armes. The Dyers' 
 arms. Rev. in . movntagve close, a. e. n. — 2. at the 
 
 CROOKED BILLET. A billet of WOOd. Rev. IN MOVNTAGVE 
 CLOSS. T. I. G. 
 
 944. Moorfields. 1. will, brownley at the. A star. Rev. 
 
 IN MOARE FEILDS. 1666. 2. EPHRAIM CLITHEROW. The 
 
 sun. Rev. at the svne in bedlam, e. g. c. — 3. * henry 
 sovch . cheapside. A Catharine wheel. Rev. in moorfeeilds. 
 
 1666. HIS HALF PENY. H. A. S. 4. AT THE MOARFEILDS. 
 
 An angel. Rev. near bedlam gate. i. s. g. 
 
 945. Narrow Wall * rich, allford on y e narow. Arm 
 with spear. Rev. wall in lambeth parish, his halfe 
 peny. 1668. 
 
182 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 946. New (Clare J Market. * henry francis at the 2 
 kings. Two kings, crowned, and holding sceptres ; between them, 
 a still. Rev. and still in new . market [16]67. his halfe 
 
 PENNY. H. F. E. 
 
 947. New Rents, at the dagger in new rents. A dagger. 
 Rev. martins . alldersgate. I. s. p. This locality was on the 
 east side of St. Martin' s-le-Grand, near Blowbladder Street. 
 
 948. New Street, Covent Garden. * iohn savory . in new 
 street. Rev. covent garden; a cross field, 1666. 
 
 949. New Street, Fetter Lane, in the new street. A lion 
 rampant. Rev. neere shoowe lane . w. e. m, 
 
 950. Newton Street. * iohn everton. Bust of Charles II. 
 Rev. in newton street. Bust of the Queen. 
 
 951. Nicholas Lane. * iohn spinke. 1657. A wheat sheaf. 
 
 952. Nightingale Lane, at the coale yard. A shield 
 charged with three battle-axes. Rev. in nightengo . lane . 
 
 R. E. L. 
 
 953. Norton Folgate. at the plow. g. a. b. A plough. 
 
 954. Old Bailey. 1. at the george. St. George and the 
 dragon. Rev. in the ovld bayly. [16]57 . w. e. i. 2. phil- 
 lipa kenn at the. St. George and the Dragon. Rev. at the 
 george in the old baley . p. k. Probably successor of the 
 tenant, w. e. i. who issued the Token, No. 1. — 3. thomas pavl- 
 son. An eagle displayed with two heads. 
 
 955. Old Change, at the willow tree. A tree. n. i. b. 
 
MEDIEVAL. TRADESMEN'S TOKENS. 
 
 183 
 
 956. Old Fish Street. 1. at the swan taverne. A swan. 
 Rev. in ovld eish . street, i. a. m. — 2. Another ; from a 
 different obverse die. 
 
 957. Old Street. 1. the bell bkewe hovs. A bell. Rev. in 
 
 OVLD STREETE . 1652. R. K. D. 2. IOHN FVLLERTON IN OLD 
 
 street. An anchor and ^. Rev. iohn sandsbvry in old 
 street. A chequered square. 
 
 958. Parker* s Lane, edward king . at the. A flagon. Rev. 
 In Parker's Lane his half e penny, across the field. 
 
 959. St. Paul's Church Yard, the 3 tvnn tavern. Three 
 tuns. s. c. 
 
 960. Pepper Alley. Elizabeth milner neare. A goat. Rev. 
 
 PEPER ALLY IN SOVTHWARKE . HER HALFE PENNY. 1666. 
 
 961. Peter Street, Westminster, at the king's head in. Bust 
 of Henry VIII. Rev. petter streete w. m. ; in field r. r. y. 
 
 962. Petticoat Lane, ralph markland. Red cross. 1667. 
 
 963. Petty France, at the savl in petty. Conversion of 
 Saul. Rev. franc. Westminster, i. s. t. 
 
 964. Piccadilly, ino. vavghan at y e . A still, with a man 
 standing by it blowing the fire with a bellows. Rev. in pick- 
 adilly. i. a. v. John Vaughan issued another token with a 
 fuller inscription on the reverse, and dated 1668. A. 
 
 965. Pudding Lane. 1. at y e maydenhead. The Mercers' 
 
184 
 
 CATALOGUE 
 
 arms. Rev. in pydin lane. 1657. b. w. a. — 2. the 
 
 BLACKE BVLL. 
 
 966. Puddle Bock. 1. at the brew hovse. The city arms. 
 Rev. in pvddle dock; in the field, 1 D - r. s, — 2. Robert 
 hale, chandler. 1662. — 3. iohn osman. 1664. 
 
 967. Queenhithe. 1. richard briggs. 1660. The Fish- 
 mongers' arms. — 2. Bartholomew fish. 1667. Three fishes. 
 
 — 3. pearcivall steyenson. A crowned rose. Rev. michells 
 
 QVEENE H1TH. P. E. S. \. 
 
 968. Queen Street, thomas eddenbvrro. Adam and Eve 
 standing by the tree of life (the Fruiterers' arms). Rev. in qveene 
 street, t. a. e. 
 
 969. Ratcliffe. 1. iohn matthews. A bull's head? — 2. 
 
 IOHN MAYOR IN RATELIF . HY. Rev. WAY NEARE NEW GRAYELL 
 LANE. I. H. M. 3. * MARY RYSSELL. 1669. SLOPSELLER. 
 
 — 4. * Robert wells . in white. A tree bearing three crowns. 
 
 Rev. HORSE STREET . IN RATCLIF. 1666. 5. AT THE GYNN. 
 
 A cannon mounted. — 6. at the shipp tayern. A ship. w. e. b. 
 
 — 7. at the black byoy. 1651. n. e. y. A negro boy hold- 
 ing a pipe and a pot. 
 
 970. Redcross Street. 1. Oliver wallis . in. A dog eating 
 out of a three-legged pot. Rev. red cross street. 1667. 
 o. i. w. — 2. aron edwards in red cros str. A ball suspended. 
 
 Rev. OYER AGAINST IEWEN STREETE. 1669. 
 
 971. Redriff. 1. thomas cooper. 1668. Scales and sugar 
 
 loaf. 2. IOHN . HARISON . MEALMAN. 3. ELIZABETH SWAN. 
 
 Rev. AT REDERIFF. A SWail. 4. * ROGER SEAMER AT Y E AXE. 
 
 An axe. Rev. on redriefe wall. 1667. r. m. s. — 5. mary 
 warren. A crown. Rev. at redrife. m. w. — 6. * at the 
 
MEDIEVAL. TRADESMEN'S TOKENS. 
 
 185 
 
 darke hoyse; in field, m. f. Rev. in redrif lane. 1653. — 
 
 7. * REBEKAH SMALMAN AT Y E . A Hllll-Stone. ReV. POWDER 
 
 mill in rederiff; in field, her half peny. 1669. 
 
 972. Rosemary Lane. 1. * ph. doe . in rosemary lane. A 
 wheatsheaf. Rev. on hermetage brige; a plough. — 2. 
 
 * WILL . MINSHEW IN. A plough. Rev. ROSEMARY LANE. 
 
 [16] 59. A Still. 3. * IA . GODFREY IN ROSEMARY LANE. ReV. 
 
 IRONMONGER. 1662. A l'OSe. 4. * ROBERT WHITBOVRNE AT. 
 
 A sugar loaf and star. Rev. in rosemary lane. 1668. his 
 
 HALFE PENNY. R. E. W. 
 
 973. Russell Street. * at y e ynicorn in. A unicorn. Rev. 
 
 RYSSELL STREETE. C. E. G. 
 
 974. Round Court. * william lander in y e roynd. A 
 man dipping candles. Rev. covrt in the strand. 1664. 
 
 975. Saffron Hill, iohn iones . at saffron hill; in the 
 field, l Di . Rev. oyre against the castle. 1672; in four lines. 
 
 976. St. Mary -at- Hill. 1. iohn hiye at the. A bee-hive. 
 Rev. on st. mary hill. 1667. — 2. edmond lawrence. The 
 Fishmongers' arms. Rev. on st. marys hill. e. e. l. 
 
 977. St. Olave's Street. 1. * at the goylden bell. A bell. 
 
 Rev. IN . S. OLIYES STREET. I. E. V. 2. AT 3 TOBACCO PIPES. 
 
 Three pipes with small bowls and short stems. Rev. in s. 
 
 OLIYES STREETE. M. C. 
 
 978. St. Saviour's. 1. iames cowan . literman. A man 
 rowing a boat Rev. at s. sayery dock head. 2. william 
 edwards. Three sugar loaves. Rev. at sayeries dock. w. e. 
 
 979. Seething Lane. 1. * kalph bonnick at v e black. A 
 
 B B 
 
186 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 dog. Rev. IN SEETHING LANE. [16]68. 2. * WILLIAM VASTON. 
 
 A man dipping candles. Rev. in seething lane. w. v. 
 
 980. Shad Thames, edwaed wince of. An anchor. Rev. 
 shad Thames. 1657. An oar (?) between w. e. m. 
 
 981. Sherhorne Lane, rich . Thomson . in. A naked figure 
 with bow and arrow. Rev. sherborne lane. r. t. 
 
 982. Shire Lane. * by temple barr. A harp. Rev. in 
 
 SHEARE LANE. I. E. D. 
 
 983. Shorcditch. 1. * william hvll at y e royal. A man- 
 of-war ship. Rev. charles in shorditch. his halfe peny. 
 
 2. * DEBORAH 10HNSON. In field, AT IANE SHORE. Rev. IN 
 
 shordich. 1664. d. I. See Mr. Burn's Descriptive Catalogue 
 for a variety of this token : the sign is extant in the High Street. — 
 3. * roger ware in. The Royal arms. Rev. in shover . ditch. 
 
 1667. HIS HALF PENY. 4. THE ROSE AND CROWN. 1652. 
 
 s. p. A rose and crown. 
 
 984. Silver Street. * iohn lavrence in silver street, in 
 four lines. Rev. his halfe peny. 1665. i. s. l., in four lines. 
 Under the head of this street, both Mr. Akerman and Mr. Burn 
 give a token of John Lawrance, 1659. 
 
 985. Smithjield, East. 1. * hvgh herne in; in field, his 
 
 HALF PENY. Rev. EAST SMITHFEILD. A WOolpack (?) 2. * 
 
 NEXT DOR TO THE RED CROS J in field, W. R. M. Rev. IN EAST 
 SMITHFEILD \ in field, W. R. M. 3. THE BVLL HEAD TAVERNE. 
 
 I. a. w. — 4. next the maremaide. A mermaid. 1659. I. m. p. 
 
 986. Smithjield, West. 1. tho . alldridge at the catorn. 
 A Catharine wheel. Rev. wheel in west smithfeild. — 2. 
 
MEDIEVAL. TRADESMEN S TOKENS. 
 
 187 
 
 * ioseph Collins at the 3. Three sugar loaves. Rev. in 
 
 WEST SMITHPEILD BARS. 3. SAMVELL GRAVES IN. St. George 
 
 and the dragon. 1657. — 4. richard harper at the. A 
 harp. — 5. iohn philipson . ironmonger. A hand holding a 
 sceptre, upon which is a crown. Rev. in smithfeild rovnd. 
 1667. — 6. * the harts horns in west. Bust of the Sultan. 
 
 Rev, SMITHPEILD . THE COFFE HOVS ; in field, C. G. \ TOKEN. 
 7. THE CROWN TAVERN. I. A. C. 
 
 987. Soper Lane, Cheapside. * iohn wheeler in sooper. 
 A figure of Jack of Newbury. Rev. lane . at iack of new- 
 berys ; in the field, his halfe penny. 
 
 John Winchcomb, or Jack of Newbury as he was popularly 
 called, was a clothier of celebrity in the time of Henry VIII. By 
 successful trade, he acquired a large fortune, which he laudably 
 devoted to benevolent purposes. His good deeds gained him much 
 fame, and he figures as one of the heroes of popular history. 
 Notices of The History of Jack of Newhury, by Mr. Halliwell, 
 will be found in vol. xxxi of the publications of the Percy Society. 
 A public house at the corner of Bunhill Row and Chiswell Street 
 still bears the sign of the Jack of Newbury, with a representation 
 of the " clothier of England", which seems to be a degenerated 
 copy of an old painting. 
 
 988. Soutkwark. 1. * anthony lake . tapster . y e george 
 inn sovthwarke . J, in seven lines. Four quart pots and three 
 pipes. — 2. George Corfeild at y e Lyon and Lambe in Southivark. 
 g. k. c, in five lines. Rev. his half peny. 1666. A lion and 
 a lamb. — 3. * roger midleton at y e . The Glovers' arms? 
 
 Rcv.^ IN SOVTHWARKE. 1668. 4. RICHARD POORE. 1667. 
 
 An ape on horseback. B. — 5. * iohn pond in; in the field, 
 1659. Rev, thomases . sovthwark. i. m. p. — 6. iohn 
 sandon at the. The sun. — 7. the black boy at margjk. 
 
188 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 An Indian boy smoking a pipe. Rev. hill in sovthwarke. 
 
 H. P. H. 8. T. C. C. GROCER AT THE COCKE. A COck. 9. AT 
 
 the golden key. A key between h. l. Rev. in soythwark. 
 1C49. The Grocers' arms. — 10. w. m. b. at the boars head. 
 1649. A boar's head. — 11. the ship . stone street end. 
 
 989. Spitlegate. * at the kings head. Bust of Charles I. 
 
 Rev. TAVERN IN SPITLEGATE. T. S. A. 
 
 990. Stable Yard. roger ken yon in stable. The royal 
 arms. Rev. yard at st. jameses. 1666. r. a. k. 
 
 991. Strand. 1. * ieremiah iyes at the. The royal arms. 
 Rev. in the strand. 1666; in the field, cheesmonger . his 
 
 HALE PENNY. 2. * WILLIAM LANDER IN Y E ROYND. Man 
 
 dipping candles. Rev. covet in the strand. 1664. — 3. * 
 mary traeeord . in the. A chevron between three goats' 
 heads. Rev. strand neare y e exchang. — 4. the whit lyon. 
 
 Rev. NEAR THE NEW EXCHANG. 5. IN WESTMINSTER. Object 
 
 detrited. Rev. in the strand. — 6. at y e cros .... in y e . 
 Two keys crossed. Rev. strand . cooke. 1667. i. m. c. — 
 7. rich, george at brewers. St. George and the Dragon. 
 Rev. yard end in y e strand. 1664. In the field, a cock and 
 a flagon. — 8. iohn pearson, mealman. A windmill. Rev. 
 in whit hart yard . strand. 
 
 992. Swan Alley. * edw. ayery . in swan ally. A sword 
 and buckler. Rev. in east smitheeild ; in the field, his half 
 peny. The warlike pastime illustrated by this scarce Token, is of 
 remote antiquity. It is mentioned by Stow and by Fitz Stephen ; 
 but its origin must be sought in the sports of our Saxon forefathers. 
 In 1609, Buckler-play was endeavoured to be suppressed by pro- 
 clamation, together with plays, bear-baiting, and singing of ballads ; 
 but in the all-licensed reign of Charles II, it took root afresh, and 
 was practised as late as the reign of William III, as appears by 
 Misson's Travels. See Brand's Popular Antiquities, vol. ii, p. 400 ; 
 Halliwell's edition. Mr. Burn has described, in his Catalogue, a 
 
MEDIEVAL. TRADESMEN'S TOKENS. 
 
 189 
 
 token with the sign of the Sword and Buckler, in Shire Lane, the 
 only example which was then known to him. 
 
 993. Temple Bar. 1. at the man in the moon. A man 
 standing in the crescent moon and holding by the horns. Rev. 
 
 WITHOVT TEMPLE BARE,. 2. THE PAVLSGRAVE HEAD. Head 
 
 of the Palsgrave, Frederick. Rev. without temple bar. i.d.r. 
 — 3. at the ship withovt. A ship in full sail. Rev. temple 
 
 EARR . 1649. W. M. S. 
 
 994. Thames Street. 1. roger baynes . golden. A horse- 
 shoe. — 2. iohn iones at diers hal . 1666. A cow. — 3. 
 rich, sewell at the. A ship. Rev. pinke in themes stret. 
 r. s. s. Pink (from the French pinque), was a term applied to 
 a kind of small sailing vessel. — 4. the qveens head in. 
 Crowned bust of Queen Elizabeth. Rev. Thames street . 1657. 
 s. d. s. — 5. * at the red lion in. A lion crowned. Rev. 
 the old swan in th . st. w. e. t. The Old Swan, a tavern 
 which dates as far back as the time of Edw. II, was destroyed by 
 the great fire. The Red Lion appears to have been erected on the 
 site of the premises of the Swan. A. and B. — 6. the white 
 bear. g. A. A bear, chained. — 7. * at the bvll head. A 
 bull's head. Rev. in thems strete. In the field, w. k. h., 
 between, a hand holding a Sun. 
 
 995. Three Cranes Wharf. * edwa.rd pinchon. Baker's arms. 
 
 Rev. AT 3 CRANES WHARFE. E. K. P. 
 
 " From thence, shoot the bridge, while the Cranes in the Vintry, 
 And see there the gimblets, how they make their entry." 
 
 Ben Jonson's Divell is an Asse. 
 
 996. Three Nun Alley. * 1. thomas lowe. Three hooded 
 female figures standing. Rev. in 3 nvnn ally; in field, t.m.l. 
 2. * Cornelius glover . trvssmaker. A man holding a truss. 
 Rev. in 3 nvn aly . near y e . old post hovs. A man on horse- 
 back, galloping and blowing a horn ; below, 1 D . There was a 
 sign of the Three Nuns in Fleet Street, and another in Giltspur 
 
190 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 Street. It was probably a more important establishment which 
 gave name to the Alley ; it was situated on the north-west side of 
 Threadneedle Street, near Stock's Market. 
 
 " The Clergy will dine at the Miter, 
 The Vintners at the Three Tuns, 
 The Usurers to the Devil will go, 
 And the Fryers unto the Nuns." 
 
 London's Ordinary. 
 
 997. Tooley Street. 1. will . ellis . at s . clemente. St. 
 Clement seated, wearing a mitre and holding an episcopal staff; 
 his right hand resting upon an anchor. Rev. in . tooleyes 
 street. — w. m. e. — Clement was the patron saint of blacksmiths. 
 Hone has printed an account of an annual ceremony held by the 
 blacksmiths' apprentices of the dockyard at Woolwich, on St. 
 Clement's day. In the Isle of Wight there was lately, and may 
 be still, a yearly festival made by the blacksmiths, called " keep- 
 ing Clem". 2. EDWARD LEADEN . SOPEBOYLER. 3. RICHARD 
 
 marston. Seven stars. — 4. thomas macklie. Three candles 
 within a horse-shoe. — 5. steven pope in tooly. Rev. street 
 neare y e pvmp. The City arms. — 6. tho. blackwell. A 
 ram's head. — 7. iohn tvrner at the. Bust of Charles II. 
 Rev. and : in s : tovlis street ; in the field, a drum and i.m.t. 
 
 8. THE 3 SVGAR LOFES. T. E. B. 9. * THE GOVLDENHART. 
 
 — e. e. l. A heart. 
 
 998. Tothill Street. 1. Robert blackden. Tallow-chan- 
 dlers' arms. 2. iames miller . talow chandler. A fleur- 
 de-lis. — 3. the crowne in tvttle. A crown. Rev. streete . 
 
 WESTMIN . 1651. R. A. F. 4. THE BLACK LYON. B. 5. THE 
 
 hores show. A horse-shoe. 
 
 999. Tower Dock, the blew anker. An anchor. Rev. 
 
 AT TOVER DOCKE. T. D. K. 
 
 1000. Tower Hill, henry coleman at the. 1666. Shield 
 charged with a pale. Rev. victval office tower hill. — 
 
 H. E. C. 
 
MEDIEVAL. TRADESMEN'S TOKENS. 
 
 191 
 
 1001. Tower Street. I. the dolphin tavern. A dolphin; 
 below, a bear. Rev. in tower streete. 1 650. — r. e. w. — 
 2. iohn gosling in. Three pot-flowers? 1658. — 3. Samuel 
 Remnant, across the field. Rev. in tower street. 1666. A 
 swan. — 4. richard finch. A wheatsheaf. — 5. tho . Steele . 
 
 CHANDLER. 
 
 1002. Trinity Lane. * iohn cock in. The Prince of Wales's 
 feathers surmounted by a cock. Rev. gret trenity lane. — 
 
 I. R. C. 
 
 1003. Turnagain Lane. * iohn dynmore at y e . A pair of 
 deer's antlers. Rev. in . tvrnagen . lane. — I. r. d. 
 
 1004. Turnmill Street, at the tvnn in tvrn. A tun. Rev. 
 mill street . 1652; in field, i. e. gant. 
 
 1005. Upper Ground. 1. * at the new ship on. A ship. 
 Rev. the ovper ground, g. i. b. — 2. * iosias checket, 
 brewer. A swan with coronet and chain. Rev. in the vpper 
 grovnd. I. e. c. — 3. ann white in the vper. The Mercer's 
 arms. a. w. Rev. grovnd in sovthwark. — 4 chandler. 
 1656; in field, e. r. g. Rev. An anchor and cable. — 5. iohn 
 whitehovse. 
 
 1006. Walbrook. william frost at the; in the field, 1 D ' 
 w. F. Rev. glovb in wallbroock. A globe. 
 
 1007. Wapping. 1. beniamin barnes. Samson slaying the 
 lion. — 2. thomas bremredge. 1666. A fish-hook and harpoon. 
 3. * marke collins at y e . Three wheat sheaves. Rev. one 
 wapping wall. 1666. his halfe peny. m. m. c. The re- 
 verse die seems to have been adapted, imperfectly, for a token of 
 Ann Collins. A. No. 2274. — 4. anthony Phillips at. A 
 Jleur-de-lis. Rev. wappin new stares, a. a. p. — 5. roger 
 
192 
 
 CATALOGUE. 
 
 price at the. A naked boy with a pipe and a tankard. Rev. 
 
 BLACK BOY IN WAPIN. 6. IAMES WAKEFEILD . AT THE. A 
 
 naked figure holding a scarf, distended by the wind, over her head, 
 and standing upon a globe. Rev. fortvne tavern in waping. 
 1667. — 7. edward willdee at y e water. The Watermans' 
 arms. Rev. mans arms at wappin dock. — 8. * w. maloh . h ; 
 in three lines. Rev. grocer . in waping. The Grocers' arms. — 
 9. iohn goddtn . in kings street. A bunch of grapes. 10. 
 
 THE DOLPHIN IN KINGS STREET. G. M. B. 11. THE MAN IN 
 
 THE MOYN. 1652. W. E. GAYNT. 12. THE 3 SYGAR LOAYES. 
 
 1650. — 13. thomas peirce. A pair of scissors, — 14. * the 
 
 SYN TAYERN. 
 
 1008. Wentworth Street, iohn ham . in. A Maltese cross. 
 
 Rev. IN WENTWORTH STREET. I. M. H. 
 
 1009. Wheeler's Street, martin ridgin in. Agate, wheeler 
 
 STREET. M. M. R. 
 
 1010. Whitechapcl. 1. * at the moses and aaron. Moses 
 and Aaron, standing. Rev. in white . chappell. i. s. r. — 
 2. * william beckitt in. A target. Rev . white . chappell. 
 w. a. B. — 3. nath. littleeord. Three bezants or balls. B. — 
 4. * at the nagges head. A horse's head, bridled. Rev. in 
 
 WHIT . CHAPEL. 1650. P. 1. 5. THE SEVEN STARES. 1650. 
 
 Seven stars. A sign extant. 
 
 1011. White Cross Street, iohn gray . wine cooper. An 
 open arched crown. Rev. in white cross street. — his half 
 peny. 
 
 1012. White Friars, govin govldegay . wood. The wood- 
 mongers' arms. Rev. monger in whit frirs. — g. a. g. 
 
 1013. White Hart Yard (StrandJ. phillip carterett. A 
 crown; and p. s. c. beneath. Rev. in white hart yard. 1666. 
 
MEDIEVAL. TRADESMEN'S TOKENS. 
 
 193 
 
 1014. Windmill Court. nathaniell bvrt. A windmill. 
 
 Rev. AT WINDE . MILL . COVRT. N. A. B. 
 
 1015. Great Wood Street. * at the eagle and child. The 
 Stanley crest. Rev. in great wood street ; in the field, m. a. 
 p. The popular history of the origin of this singular armorial bear- 
 ing may be found in Pegge's Curialia Miscellanea, p. 202. 
 
 1016. Little Wood Street, thomas halford in ; in the field, 
 his half peny. Rev. little wood street. 1669. A wheat- 
 sheaf. 
 
 Localities not named. 
 
 1017. 1. w. clovgh. 1667. Rev. Front view of a building, 
 occupying the entire field. — 2. edward brent his half penny. 
 1 668. In five lines. Rev. A hoy or sailing-boat. By No. 785 of Mr. 
 Burn's Catalogue we ascertain that Edward Brent lived at Pickle- 
 Herring Stairs, Southwark. — 3. iames Holland his half 
 penny, in four lines. Rev. The Bakers' Company's arms. 1668. 
 From No. 788 of the aforesaid Catalogue it also appears that 
 James Holland's residence was at Pickle-Herring Stairs. — 4. * 
 the coffe peny. 1666. A hand holding a coffee pot. Rev. 
 . . . . X yov X plea . . . (detrited). — 5. I. A. s., in the field. 
 Rev. A crowned female figure standing. 1659. — 6. * s. b. a. 
 1664, in the field. ' Rev. Arms of the Bishop of London. — 7. p.c, 
 in the field. Rev. A church. 
 
 FINIS. 
 
 c c 
 
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 ADAM, Edward Ab., Esq., Leamington Priors. 
 Adamson, John A., Esq., Sec. of the Soc. of Ant. of Newcastle- 
 upon-Tyne. 
 
 Akerman, John Yonge, Esq., Sec. Soc. Ant. Lond., Somerset House. 
 
 Ainsworth, William Harrison, Esq., Manor House, Kensal Green. 
 
 Ainsworth, William Francis, Esq., F.S.A., F.G.S., Thames Villa, 
 Hammersmith. 
 
 Alston, Rev. E. C, Framlingham. 
 
 Ainslie, Charles, Esq., 13, Park Street, Westminster. 
 
 Aubertin, Edward, Esq., 6, Winchester Street. 
 
 Antiquaries of Scotland, the Society of, Edinburgh. 
 
 Archaeological (The) Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Suf- 
 folk Street, Pall Mall East. 
 
 Archaeological Society of Scarborough. 
 
 Arden, Joseph, Esq., F.S.A., 27, Cavendish Square. 
 
 Ashpitel, Arthur, Esq., F.S.A., 5, Crown Court, Old Broad Street. 
 
 Atherley, George, Esq., Southampton. 
 
 Babington, C. C, Esq., M.A., St. John's College, Cambridge. 
 Baigent, F. J., Esq., Winchester. 
 
 Bandinel, Rev. Bulkeley, D.D., Keeper of Bodley's Library, 
 Oxford. 
 
 Barker, Francis, Esq., Bakewell, Derbyshire. v 
 Barton, John Adkins, Esq., Barton Village, Newport, Isle of Wight. 
 Barton, Thomas, Esq., Threxton House, Watton, Norfolk. 
 Bateman, Thomas, Esq., Youlgrave, Bakewell. 
 Beattie, William, Esq., M.D., 18, Tavistock St., Bedford Square. 
 Beche, Sir Henry De la, F.R.S., F.G.S., Jermyn Street, St. James's 
 Square. 
 
 Bell Robert, Esq., The Nook, Irthington, Cumberland. Large 
 paper. 
 
LIST OP SUBSCRIBERS, 
 
 Bell, Professor Thomas, V.P.R.S., and Pr. L.S., 17, New Broad 
 
 Street. Two copies. 
 Bell, William, Esq., Phil. Dr., 52, Burton Street, Burton Crescent. 
 Bellamy, Rev. James William, Sellindge Vicarage, Kent. 
 Bensley, Wm. Brasil, Esq., 29, Victoria Street, Norwich. 
 Bergne, J. Brodribb, Esq., F.S.A., Treas. Num. Soc, Sloane Street, 
 
 Chelsea. Large paper. 
 Berlin, The Royal Library. 
 
 Betts, Edward Ladd, Esq., Preston Hall, Aylesford. 
 
 Blaauw, W. H. Esq., F.S.A., 3, Queen Anne Street. 
 
 Black, William Henry, Esq., Mill Yard, Goodman's Fields. 
 
 Bland, William, Esq., Hartlip Place, Kent. Two copies. 
 
 Bloxam, Matthew Holbeche, Esq., Rugby. 
 
 Blyth, James, Esq., 47, Upper Bedford Place. Large paper. 
 
 Boocke, Joseph, Esq.. Newman Street, Oxford Street. 
 
 Boileau, Sir John P., Bart, F.R.S., F.S.A., Ketteringham Hall, 
 
 Norfolk. Two copies. 
 Boulay, the Rev. F. Du, Lowhitton Rectory, Launceston, Cornwall. 
 Bowler, Henry, Esq., Cliff, Ipswich. 
 Bowman, William, Esq , Wade Lane, Leeds. 
 Boyne, William, Esq., Leeds. 
 
 Brent, Francis, Esq., 13, Swinton Street, King's Cross. 
 Brent, John, Jun., Esq., F.S.A., Canterbury. 
 Brewer, Thomas, Esq., City of London School. 
 Bridger, Charles, Esq., 3, Keppel Street. 
 
 Bridger, Edward Kynaston, Esq., 4, Prince's Place, Kennington 
 Road. 
 
 Bridger, William, Esq., 69, Pall Mall. 
 Brockett, W. H., Esq., Gateshead. 
 
 Brooke, Richard, Esq., F.S.A., 16, Canning Street, Liverpool. 
 
 Brooke, William Henry, Esq., Chichester. 
 
 Brown, Thomas, Esq., Paternoster Row. 
 
 Bruce, Rev. J. C, LL.D., F.S.A., Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 
 
 Bruce, John, Esq., F.S.A., 5, Upper Gloucester St., Dorset Sq. 
 
 Bruce, W. Downing, Esq., F.S.A., 9, Victoria Square, Pimlico. 
 
 Brushfield, Thos. Nadauld, Esq., County Lunatic Asylum, Chester. 
 
 Buchanan, John, Esq., F.S.A. Scot., Glasgow. 
 
 Buckingham, John Silk, Esq., Stanhope Lodge, St. John's Wood. 
 
 Buckman, Professor, F.G.S., Cirencester. 
 
 Bunsen, the Chevalier, F.S.A., Berlin. 
 
 Burgess, Alfred, Esq., F.S.A., Blackheath. Two copies. 
 
.LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 Burnaby, Robert, Esq., 16, Clifford's Inn. 
 
 Burney, The Venerable Archdeacon, D.D., Wickham Bishop's, 
 
 Witham. 
 Bury and West Suffolk Institute. 
 Bryant, Josias, Esq., North Hill, Colchester. 
 
 Carline, John, Esq., Lincoln. 
 
 Chaffers, William, Jun., Esq., F.S.A., 20, Old Bond Street. Three 
 copies. 
 
 Chalmers, Patrick, Esq., F.S.A., Auldbar, Brechin. Two copies 
 
 f one large paper ) '. 
 Chancellor, Frederick, Esq., Chelmsford. 
 Charles, Thomas, Esq., Chillington House, Maidstone. 
 Christmas, Rev. Henry, M.A., F.S.A., Manor Street, Clapham. 
 Clayton, John, Esq., Town Clerk, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 
 Clarke, Joseph, Esq., The Roos, Saffron Walden. Large paper. 
 Colchester Literary Institution. 
 
 Cochet, The Abbe, F.S.A., Inspecteur des Monuments Historiques 
 
 de la Seine -Inferieure, Dieppe. 
 Cole, Henry Dennett, Esq., Bucknowle House, Dorset. 
 Cole, Robert, Esq., F.S.A., 53, Upper Norton-street. 
 Combs, W. Addison, Esq., 3, Portland Cottages. 
 Cook, James, Esq., Holdgate-lane, York. 
 Cook, Robert, Esq., Scarborough. 
 
 Cooper, Charles Henry, Esq., F.S.A., Town Clerk, Cambridge. 
 Cooper, Joseph Sidney, Esq., Warrior-square, St. Leonard's-on-Sea. 
 Corner, George Richard, Esq., F.S.A., Eltham, Kent. 
 Corney, Bolton, Esq., F.S.A., Barnes Terrace, Surrey. 
 Crafter, William, Esq., Parrock-street, Gravesend. 
 Cresy, Edward, Esq., South Darenth, Kent. 
 
 Croker, T. Crofton, Esq., M.R.I.A., M.R.L.S., F.S.A., 3, Glou- 
 cester-road, Old Brompton. 
 
 Cromwell, Rev. Thomas, Ph. Dr., F.S.A., 3, Newland Villas, 
 Islington. 
 
 Culverwell, R. J., Esq., M.D., Argyle Place. Deceased. 
 Cuming, H. Syer, Esq., 1, Newington Place, Kent Road. 
 Cunningham, Peter, Esq., F.S.A., Madeley Villas, Victoria Road, 
 Kensington. 
 
 Curt, Joseph, Esq., Lisle Street, Leicester Square. Two copies. 
 
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 Dasent, George Webbe, Esq., Eaton Place, Eaton Square. 
 Dashwood, The Rev. G. H., F.S.A., Stow Bardolph, Downham 
 Market. 
 
 Davies, Robert, Esq., F.S.A., The Mount, York. 
 
 Davis, J. Barnard, Esq., F.S.A., M.R.C.S., Shelton, Staffordshire. 
 
 Deane, The Rev. J. Bathurst, F.S.A., Sion College. 
 
 Dearden, James, Esq., F.S.A., The Orchard, Rochdale. 
 
 De Wilde, G. J., Esq., Northampton. 
 
 De Wilde, Rexworthy, Esq., 4, Seymour Street, Euston Square. 
 
 Deschamps de Pas, Monsieur, St. Omer, France. 
 
 Dilke, C. Wentworth, Esq., 76, Sloane Street. 
 
 Dorset County Museum and Library (The), Dorchester. 
 
 Dunkin, Alfred John, Esq., Dartford, Kent. 
 
 Dupont, Monsieur Lecointre, F.S.A., President of the Societe des 
 
 Antiquaires de l'Ouest, Poitiers. Two copies. 
 Durand, Anthony, Esq., Calais. Two copies. 
 Durden, Henry, Esq., Blandford, Dorset. 
 
 Durham, Joseph, Esq., F.S.A., 26, Alfred Place, Bedford Square. 
 Dwarris, Sir Fortunatus, F.R.S., F.S.A., 5, James Street, Buck- 
 ingham Gate. 
 
 Ellesmere, The Earl of, F.S.A., 18, Belgrave Square. 
 Ellis, Sir Henry, K.H., B.C.L., F.R.S., etc., British Museum. 
 Elliott, James, Jun., Esq., Dymchurch, Kent. 
 Elliott, Robert, Esq., Chichester. 
 
 Evans, John, Esq., F.S.A., Nash Mills, Hemel Hempsteadc 
 Euing, William, Esq., 209, West George Street, Glasgow. Two 
 copies. 
 
 Fairholt, William Frederick, F.S.A., Cor. Mem. Soc. Ant. Norm., 
 
 etc., Montpelier Square, Brompton. 
 Faulkner, Thomas, Esq., F.S.A., Shide, Newport, Isle of Wight. 
 
 Two copies. 
 
 Faulkner, Thomas, Esq., Cor. Mem, Soc. Ant. Norm., Chelsea. 
 Faussett, The Rev. Godfrey, D.D., Heppington, Kent. Deceased. 
 Large paper. 
 
 Fenwick, John, Esq., F.S.A., Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 
 Ffoulkes, W. Wynne, Esq., M.A., Barrister-at-Law, Eccleston, 
 Chester. 
 
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 Figg, William, Esq., F.S.A., Lewes. 
 
 Fisher, R. S. Horman, Esq., 16, James Street, Buckingham Gate. 
 
 Fitch, Robert, Esq., F.G.S., Norwich. 
 
 Fitch, W. Stevenson, Esq., Ipswich. Large paper. 
 
 Flower, J., Artist, South Fields, Leicester. 
 
 Fennell, William, Esq., Wakefield, Yorkshire. 
 
 Fox, Robert, Esq., Westbourne Terrace. 
 
 Franks, Aug. W., Esq., F.S.A., British Museum. Two copies. 
 Frewen, Mrs. M., The Terrace, Newmarket. 
 
 Gardner, Philip T., Esq., St. Leonards, Boulogne-sur-Mer. 
 Garland, John, Esq., M. Ent. S., M. Wern. Club, Dorchester, 
 Dorset. 
 
 Gill, Charles, Esq., Wellingborough. 
 Gimston, Thomas, Esq., 84, Upper Street, Islington. 
 Glover, John Hulbert, Esq , F.S.A., Librarian to Her Majesty, 
 Pimlico. 
 
 Gomonde, W. H., Esq., 30, Boulevard du Regent, Brussels. 
 Gosset, Montague, Esq., 40, Broad Street Buildings. 
 Gould, Nathaniel, Esq., F.S.A., 4, Tavistock Square. 
 Griffith, W. Petit, Esq., F.S.A., 9, St. John's Square, Clerkenwell. 
 Guest, Aug., Esq., LL.D., M.R.S.L., F.S.A., 14, Clement's Inn. 
 Gwilt, George, Esq., F.S.A., 8, Union Street, Southwark. 
 Gunn, The Rev. John, Irstead, Norfolk. 
 Gunston, Thomas, Esq., 84, Upper Street, Islington. 
 Gurney, Miss Anna, Cromer, Norfolk. Two copies. 
 Gurney, Daniel, Esq., F.R.S., North Runckton, Norfolk. 
 Gurney, Hudson, Esq., F.R.S., M.R.S.L., F.S.A., Keswick Hall, 
 Norwich. 
 
 Gutch, John Matthew, Esq., Common Hill, Worcester. 
 
 Hale, The Venerable Archdeacon, Charterhouse. 
 Hall, Charles, Esq., Ansty, Blandford. 
 Hall, Samuel Carter, Esq., F.S.A., Fairfield, Addlestone. 
 Hall, John Rose, Esq., The Lydiates, Ludlow. 
 Halliwell, James Orchard, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A., Avenue Lodge, 
 Brixton Hill. 
 
 Hampden, John, Esq., Mem. Num. Soc. Lon., Leamington Priors, 
 Warwickshire. 
 
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 Hard wick, R. G., Esq., 21, Cavendish Square. 
 
 Hargrove, William, Esq., proprietor of the York Herald, York. 
 Large paper. 
 
 Harris, John, Esq., Beech Street, Barbican. 
 
 Harrison, William, Esq., Galligreaves House, Blackburn. 
 
 Harrod, Henry, Esq., Hon. Sec. Norfolk Arch. Soc, Norwich. 
 
 Harvey, Win, Esq., F.S.A., Mem. Num. Soc, The Cliffe, Lewes. 
 
 Hawkins, Walter, Esq., F.S.A., Mem. Num. Soc, 5, Leonard 
 Place, Kensington. 
 
 Herbert, The Honourable Algernon, Icklingham, Essex. 
 
 Hermand, Monsieur Alexandre, President of the Society of Anti- 
 quaries of the Morini, St. Omer. 
 
 Hertz, Benjamin, Esq., Great Marlborough Street. 
 
 Hewitt, Daniel, Esq., 23, George Street, Westminster. 
 
 Heywood, James, Esq., M.P., F.R.S., F.S.A., 5, Eaton Place. 
 
 Hey wood, Samuel, Esq., Walshaw Hall, Bury, Lancashire. 
 
 Hingeston, Charles Hilton, Esq., 1, Alfred Place, New Road, 
 Camberwell. 
 
 Historical Society of Lancashire and Cheshire (The), Liverpool. 
 Hoare, Edward, Esq , Waterloo Place, Cork. 
 Hobler, Francis, Esq., Canonbury Square, Islington. 
 Hollings, J. F., Esq., Leicester. 
 Hollist, Miss, Midhurst, Sussex. 
 
 Hopkins, D. D., Esq., WeyclifFe, St. Catharine's, Guildford. 
 Large paper. 
 
 Hugo, The Rev. Thomas, F.S.A., 57, Bishopsgate Street Within. 
 Hume, The Rev. A., D.D., F.S.A., Everton, Liverpool. 
 Hunter, The Rev. Josh. Hunter, F.S.A., 30, Torrington Square. 
 Huxtable, John, Esq., South Villa, Albion Road, Stoke Newington. 
 
 Ingall, Henry, Esq., Glengall Cottage, Lee Road, Blackheath. 
 
 James, James, Esq., F.S.A., Aylesbury. Two copies. 
 Jenkins, The Rev. Henry, Rectory, Stanway, Colchester. 
 Jewitt, Llewellynn, Esq., F.S.A., Derby. Two copies. 
 Jessop, Rev. Dr., Bilton Hall, York. 
 Johnson, Goddard, Esq., Norwich. 
 Jolliffe, Lieut. Colonel, R.M., Woolwich. 
 
 JollifFe, John, Esq., Surgeon, R.N., H.M.S. Pandora, New Zealand. 
 
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 Jolliffe, Captain Joseph Henry, R.M., Forton, Gosport. 
 
 Jones, James Cove, Esq., F.S.A., Hon. Sec. Num. Soe., Loxley, 
 
 Wellesbourne, Warwick. Large paper. 
 Jones, John, Esq., 6, Regent Street. Two copies. 
 Jones, The Rev. Thomas, Sporle, Norfolk. 
 
 Keats, Frederick, Esq., Wimbledon. 
 Keet, Edwin, Esq., 13, Park Place South, Chelsea. 
 Kell, William, Esq., F.S.A., Town Clerk, Gateshead. 
 Kenrick, Rev. John, M.A., York. 
 
 Kerrich, The Rev. Richard Edward, M.A., F.S.A., Cambridge. 
 Kent, Henry, Esq., Stanton, Bury St. Edmunds. 
 King, Colonel William, Hythe, Kent. 
 King, H. W. Esq., Bank of England. 
 King, Jesse, Esq., Appleford, Abingdon. 
 
 Lancashire and Cheshire Historic Society (The), Liverpool. 
 Londesborough, The Right Hon. the Lord, K.C.H., Pres. Num. 
 
 Soc. Lon., F.R.S., F.S.A., Grimston, Tadcaster ; and 8, Carlton 
 
 Terrace. Large paper. 
 Lawson, Sir William, Bart, Catterick, Yorkshire. 
 Law, William, Esq., 7, St. George's Villas, Compton Road, 
 
 Canonbury. 
 
 Lawson, Andrew, Esq., Aldborough, Yorkshire. Deceased. 
 
 Ledsam, Joseph Frederick, Esq., Chad Hill, Birmingham. 
 
 Lee, John Edward, Esq., The Priory, Caerleon. 
 
 Lejoindre, Monsieur, Gravesend. 
 
 Lemonnier, Monsieur Alexandre, Sanvie, Havre. 
 
 Library of the Bank of England. 
 
 Literary and Philosophical Society of York. 
 
 Lott, Thomas, Esq., F.S.A., Bow Lane, City. 
 
 London Institution (The), Finsbury Circus. 
 
 Long, Henry Lawes, Esq., Hampton Lodge, Farnham, Surrey. 
 
 Long, William, Esq., 2, Wilmington Street. 
 
 Lowe, J. Grove, Esq., Peter's Street, St. Albans. 
 
 Lukis, Frederick C, Esq., The Grange, Guernsey. 
 
 Lupton, Harry, Esq., Thame, Oxfordshire. 
 
 T) I) 
 
LIST OF STJBSCTtTEKTiS. 
 
 Mackeson, H. B., Esq., F.G.S., Hythe, Kent. 
 Mackie, Samuel J., Esq., F.S.A., F.G.S., Victoria Terrace, 
 Folkestone. 
 
 Manning, Rev. C. R., Framingham East, Norwich. 
 
 Markland, James Heywood, Esq., F.R.S., Bath. 
 
 Mather, John, Esq., The Mount, Liverpool. 
 
 Mayer, Daniel, Esq., Boulogne-sur-Mer. 
 
 Mayer, Jos, Esq., Brown Hills, Burslem, Staffordshire. 
 
 Mayer, Thomas, Esq., Dale Hall, Staffordshire. 
 
 Mayer, Joseph, Esq., F.S.A., Lord Street, Liverpool, Tivo copies ; 
 
 one large paper. 
 Meteyard, Miss Eliza, London. 
 Mitchell, Samuel, Esq., The Mount, Sheffield. 
 Moore, John, Esq., West Coker, Yeovil. 
 Morini, The Society of Antiquaries of the, St. Omer. 
 Mosley, Sir Oswald, Bart., Rolleston Hall, Burton -on-Trent, 
 
 Newcastle, His Grace the Duke of, Portland Place. 
 Neale, Thomas Clarke, Esq., Springfield, Essex. 
 Nelson, Rev. G. M., Bodicote Grange, Banbury. 
 Neville, The Hon. Richard Cornwallis, F.S.A., Audley End. 
 Newcastle-upon-Tyne, The Society of Antiquaries of. 
 Newman, Arthur J., Esq., 5, Duke Street, Southwark. 
 Nichols, John Gough, Esq., F.S.A., Upper Harley Street. 
 Nightingale, Benjamin, Esq., Clare Cottage, Priory Road, Wands- 
 worth Road. 
 Norman, George Ward, Esq., Bromley, Kent. 
 Norris, Henry Edmonds, Esq., Charmouth. 
 Norris, Henry, Esq., South Petherton. 
 
 Oldham, John Lane, Esq., F.G.S., Audley End. 
 Ormerod, George, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S., etc., Sedbury Park, 
 Chepstow. 
 
 Padley, J. S., Esq., Lincoln. 
 
 Papillon, Rev. John, F.S.A., Lexden, Colchester. 
 Parkin, Rev. Charles, Lenham Vicarage, Kent. 
 Pemble, Rev. Henry, Mundham, Chichester. 
 
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 Perthes, Monsieur J. Boucher de Crevecceur de, President of the 
 
 Society of Emulation of Abbeville. 
 Perkins, Frederick, Esq., F.S.A., Chipstead Place, Kent. 
 Phillips, Mark, Esq., Snitterfleld, Stratford -on- Avon. 
 Philosophical Society of York. 
 Leicester Literary and Philosophical Society. 
 Pickthall, Thomas Walter, Esq., Bank of England, Plymouth. 
 Pitt, Thomas, Esq., Huddersfield. Large paper. 
 Poste, Rev. Beale, B.A., Bydews Place, Maidstone. 
 Potts, Frederick, Esq., The Watergate, Chester. 
 Powell, Edward Joseph, Esq., 8, Gordon Street, Gordon Square. 
 Pretty, Edward, Esq., 1, Adelaide Terrace, Northampton. 
 Price, Edward Bedford, Esq., F.S.A. Deceased. 
 Priest, George, Esq., Glasgow. 
 
 Prior, James, Esq., R.N., F.S.A., 20, Norfolk Crescent, Oxford Sq. 
 Procter, William, Esq., M.R.C.S., Hon. Sec. to the Yorkshire 
 
 Antiquarian Club, York. 
 Pryer, Alfred, Esq., Hollingbourne, Kent. 
 
 Purland, Theodosius, Esq., Mortimer Street, Cavendish Square. 
 Purnell, Purnell B., Esq., Stancombe Park, Dursley. 
 
 Royal Library (The), Buckingham Palace. Large paper. 
 Reed, Charles, Esq., F.S.A., Lovell's Court, Paternoster Row. 
 Roach, Frederick, Esq., Arreton Manor, Isle of Wight. 
 Roach, James, Esq., Consols, Bank of England. 
 Rogers, Rev. Canon, Exeter. 
 
 Rogers, William Harry, Esq., 4, Russell Place, Fitzroy Square. 
 Rolfe, William Henry, Esq., Sandwich. Three copies. 
 Roots, William, Esq., M.D., F.S.A., Surbiton, Kingston-upon- 
 Thames. 
 
 Rooke, John, Esq , Akehead, Wigton. 
 Russell Institution (The). 
 
 Strangford, The Viscount, G.C.B., G.C.H., F.R.S., etc., 68, 
 
 Harley Street. 
 Sandys, Charles, Esq., F.S.A., Canterbury. 
 Saul, Miss, Limehouse. Large paper. 
 Saull, W. D., Esq., F S.A., F.G.S., Aldersgate Street. 
 Saunders, Thomas, Esq., F.S.A., Comptroller, Guildhall. Deceased. 
 
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 Seawell, Samuel, Esq., 2, Mountford Terrace, Barnsbury Park. 
 
 Sheppard, Major, Parson's Green, Fulham. 
 
 Shepherd, Samuel, Esq., F.S.A., Marlborough Square, Chelsea. 
 
 Shortt, W. T. P., Esq., Heavitree, Exeter. 
 
 Silburn, James, Esq., Pocklington. Deceased. 
 
 Simpson, J. Y., Esq., M.D., F.R.S.E., President of the College of 
 
 Physicians, Edinburgh, 
 Smee, William Pay, F.S.A., Bank of England. Two copies. 
 Smith, Captain Henry, R.M., Mount Row, Guernsey. 
 Smyth, Pear-Admiral W. H., K.S.F., D.C.L., etc., St. John's 
 
 Lodge, near Aylesbury. 
 Smith, H. Ecroyd, Esq., Melbourne, Australia. 
 Smith, Richard John, Esq., 7, Strand. 
 Smythe, Captain W. Disney, Maidstone. Deceased. 
 Smythe, Clement Taylor, Esq., Maidstone. Deceased. 
 Solly, Edward, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A., 15, Tavistock Square. 
 Solly, S. Reynolds, Esq., Serge Hill, King's Langley. 
 Southby, Thomas Hayward, Esq., F.S.A., Carswell House, 
 
 Farringdon. 
 Spence, Charles, Esq., Devonport. 
 Stackhouse, Mrs. Acton, Acton Scott, Salop. 
 Stephens, The Rev. Sub-Dean, Exeter. 
 Stevenson, Seth William, F.S.A., Norwich. Deceased, 
 Swinburne, Sir John Edward, Bart., F.R.S., F.S.A., Capheaton. 
 
 Two copies. 
 
 Sye, Henry, Mr., 17, Gill Street, Limehouse. 
 Suffolk Institute of Archseology and Natural History. 
 
 Thompson, James, Esq., Leicester. 
 
 Thomson, Richard, Esq., Librarian, London Institution. 
 
 Timbs, John, Esq., F.S.A., 88, Sloane Street. 
 
 Traherne, Rev. John Montgomery, F.R.S., F.L.S., F.S.A., etc., 
 
 Coedriglan, Cardiff. Three copies. 
 Trevelyan, Sir Walter C, Bart., F.S.A., Nettlecombe. 
 Trollope, Rev. Edward, F.S.A., Leasingham, Sleaford. 
 Tupper, Captain, Athenaeum Club. 
 
 Tupper, J. Arthur C, Esq., Rutland Gate, Kensington. 
 Tupper, Martin Farquhar, Esq., LL.D., Albury, Surrey. 
 Turner, Miss, Great Yarmouth. 
 
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 Turner, Dawson, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., F.S.A., Lee Cottage, Old 
 
 Brompton. Two copies ; one large paper. 
 Tyrrell, Edward, Esq., City Remembrancer, Guildhall. 
 
 Uttermare, Thomas B., Esq., Langport, Somerset. 
 
 Vaux, W. Sandys Wright, Esq., F.S.A., Hon. Sec. Num. Soc. 
 
 Lon., British Museum. Two copies. 
 Virtue, George H., Esq., F.S.A., Finsbury Square. Two copies. 
 
 Waller, John Green, Esq., 13, Howland Street, Fitzroy Square. 
 
 Wansey, William, Esq., F.S.A., Arborfield, Reading. 
 
 Wardell, James, Esq., Leeds. 
 
 Warne, Miss, Fern Hill, Yeovil. 
 
 Warne, Charles, Esq., 42, Upper Seymour Street. 
 
 Warren, Mr. Joseph, Ix worth, Suffolk. 
 
 Way, Albert, Esq., M.A., F.S.A., etc., Wonham Manor, Reigate. 
 Two copies. 
 
 Waterton, Edmund, Esq., F.S.A., Walton Hall, Wakefield. 
 Wellbeloved, Rev. Charles, York. 
 Whincopp, William, Esq., Woodbridge, Suffolk. 
 Wickham, Humphry, Esq., Strood, Kent. 
 
 Williams, Benj., Esq., F.S.A., The Lodge, Hillingden, Middlesex. 
 Willis, Rev. C. Francis, Corpus Christi College, Oxford. 
 Willis, Charles, Esq., Cranbrook, Kent. Deceased. 
 Wilson, Daniel, Esq., LL.D., F.S.A. Scot., etc., Toronto, Upper 
 Canada. 
 
 Wilson, James, Esq., F.S.A., Belmont House, Bath. 
 Wingrove, Drummond B., Esq., 30, Wood Street, Cheapside. 
 Winn, Charles, Esq., Nostel, Wakefield. 
 Wire, Mr. William, Colchester. 
 
 Wodderspoon, John, Esq., The Lower Close, Norwich. 
 Wood, John, Esq., Watling Street, City. 
 Woodruff, Rev. John, Upchurch, Kent. 
 
 Wreford, Rev. John Reynell, D.D., F.S.A., St. 'Michael's Hill, 
 Bristol. 
 
 Wrighte, Rev. Thomas W., M.A., F.S.A., Barty House, Bearsted, 
 Maidstone. 
 
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 Wright, Thomas, Esq., M.A., F.S.A., 14, Sydney Street, 
 Brompton. 
 
 Wylie, William Michael, Esq., B.A., KS.ix., Blackw , Hants. 
 
 Yates, James, Esq., M.A., Lauderdale House, Highgate. 
 Young, Henry Houghton, Esq., Trevor House, Leamington Spa. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 C. ROACH SMITH'S 
 MUSEUM OF LONDON ANTIQUITIES. 
 
 As considerable notoriety has been given by the public 
 press to the offer I have made to the Nation and to the 
 City of London, of my Collection of London Antiquities — 
 and, as its ultimate destination is still a question — it may 
 not be thought obtrusive on my part, to make a few 
 brief statements in justification of my wish and efforts to 
 maintain this Collection in its integrity in some Public 
 Institution, where it would be preserved intact, for purposes 
 of scientific inquiry. 
 
 It will not be considered, I trust, any reproach to me, 
 that I cannot afford to make a present of it to the Nation, 
 or to any Public Institution ; but I wish to explain why I 
 am averse to its dispersion, either by public auction or by 
 private contract. The question is not one of money. The 
 sum proposed I could obtain any day, provided I consent 
 to the dispersion of the Collection — an eventuality I should 
 never be reconciled to. Should the Nation accept my 
 offer, I am not sure the British Museum would be the 
 best place for the deposit of this large assemblage of 
 London Antiquities. There are several large towns which 
 have claims on the consideration of Parliament. The 
 City would be, of course, the most proper receptacle of 
 what may be termed a portion of its own " title-deeds." 
 But it is now upwards of four months since G. R. Corner, Esq., 
 
2 
 
 F.S.A., the Rev. T. Hugo, F.S.A., and Mr. Deputy Lott, 
 F.S.A., brought the subject before the Lord Mayor; and 
 no answer has yet been received. 
 
 The history of my Museum, in a few words, is as fol- 
 lows : — It has been made during the last twenty years and 
 upwards, from excavations made in the City of London 
 and its environs ; and during the deepening of the river 
 opposite London by means of dredging barges. Some 
 notion of its extent and character may be acquired from 
 the " Arch apologia," the " Archaeological Album," the 
 " Collectanea Antiqua," an " Illustrated Catalogue," and 
 other publications. But these works convey an approxi- 
 mate notion only of the claims of the Collection on the . 
 attention of the public in relation to its scientific and 
 antiquarian value. As it is more agreeable to me, as the 
 possessor, to refer to the opinions of others, I print a few 
 of those which come nearest to hand, contenting myself 
 with observing : — 
 
 1 . — That the collection has been gathered under circum- 
 stances such as are not likely to occur again. 
 
 2. — That it was not formed with any view to sale, or 
 pecuniary remuneration in any way. 
 
 3. — That its peculiar value depends on the copious illus- 
 tration it affords of the social habits and customs, and of 
 the industrial life, of the inhabitants of London in past ages ; 
 of the arts, as practised within its walls, as influencing, or 
 influenced by, the character of its inhabitants. Every object 
 speaks, more or less, of the successive generations who 
 have lived and died in the metropolis of Britain, and 
 reveals something of their history which is untold by the 
 pen of the historian. It is in this respect that the 
 Collection stands alone and unrivalled. It does not illus- 
 trate Etruscan life or Egyptian. It neither surprises us 
 
3 
 
 with wonders from Nineveh and Babylon, nor captivates 
 us with the finished grace of Greek works of art, Nor is 
 it a rich and costly assemblage of objects which would 
 please the luxurious and rich by rarity or adventitious 
 value. But it relates wholly to England and the English. 
 It brings before us our predecessors upon the ground 
 which we now occupy. It reveals our forefathers in their 
 every-day life ; in their villas and in their houses ; in the 
 streets of ancient London; it reveals glimpses of them 
 in their homes, in their costume, surrounded by the pro- 
 ducts of arts which administered to their comfort and to 
 their luxury. Of the thousands of objects which constitute 
 this Museum each tells its tale, and brings us better 
 acquainted with those from whom we have sprung, or 
 from whom we have inherited our institutions, laws, lan- 
 guage, and national character. 
 
 4. — That, in this country, the National Antiquities 
 have been almost entirely neglected. While every other 
 European nation regards them with veneration and adapts 
 them for public instruction, in England they have not 
 been recognised ; or are superseded by collections which 
 have little or no bearing upon the history of our own 
 country. 
 
 5. — That in no city or town in England is this fact 
 more obvious than in London, the Corporation of which 
 has resisted, within the last few years, the opportunity of 
 securing several collections of local antiquities which are 
 now scattered and lost. 
 
 — That scarcely any local collection has ever been 
 preserved, after the death of its owner, in any public or 
 private museum ; the only exception being the Kentish 
 Saxon Sepulchral Remains, offered at a low price to the 
 Trustees of the British Museum; rejected by them; and 
 
4 
 
 secured to our country by the liberality and public spirit 
 of Mr. Joseph Mayer, of Liverpool. 
 
 C. Roach Smith. 
 
 Opinions on the Collection. 
 
 1. — "Visited the Museum of Mr. R. Smith, of Liver- 
 pool-street, City • and was both surprised and gratified in 
 viewing such a large and truly interesting collection of 
 fragments of antiquities of the Roman and other ancient 
 inhabitants of Londinium. Nothing but zeal, care, and 
 determined perseverance, could have amassed such a valu- 
 able collection. 
 
 " Dec. 29, 1843. John Britton." 
 
 2. — " I have been much surprised and gratified at the 
 extent and value of these relics. J. S. Bowerbank." 
 
 3. — " Remember, that the Scandinavian Museum, in 
 Denmark, was begun with seven pieces. You, as a private 
 man, are where we, a Committee, were, after ten years' 
 working. Go on — and prosper. Thomsen 
 
 "London, l$th May, 1843. (of Copenhagen)." 
 
 4. — " Mr. Smith's wonderful collection of Roman Anti- 
 quities, found in London, shows how much may be done 
 by individual zeal, when wisely directed. It is said, that 
 the City of London is to have a Museum, which, in judi- 
 cious hands, would be an important institution. In the 
 British Museum, our native antiquities appear to be held 
 in very little esteem ; and, in general, articles sent there 
 are lost to public view. It is discreditable to the govern- 
 ment of this country, that we have no Museum of 
 

 
 National Antiquities, which might, under a judicious 
 curator, at a very moderate expense to the nation, become 
 one of the most interesting and popular institutions of the 
 metropolis. In such an institution, a collection like that 
 made by Mr. Smith should be deposited for the advan- 
 tage of posterity." — The Archaeological Album, p. 149. 
 
 5. — " If the sense of the nation could be taken on the 
 question, your collection would be voted to be bought by 
 an immense majority; £5,000 instead of £3,000 would 
 be deemed a cheap purchase. 
 
 " April 10, 1855. J. Silk Buckingham." 
 
 6. — " Je ne puis croire que la ville de Londres laisse 
 echapper une collection speciale pour elle, comme la votre. 
 Bien des villes de province, en France, s'enipresseraient en 
 pareil cas des tarifices pour conserver de pareils titres de 
 gloire et d'anciennete." — M. Lecointre-Dupont, Presi- 
 dent of the Society of Antiquaries of the TVest, Poitiers. 
 
 7. — "The Museum of Mr. C. Roach Smith has been 
 offered to the British Museum (the nation), and the City 
 of London. Its claims on attention from both are pre- 
 eminent; inasmuch as it is a purely historic gathering of 
 relics, which it is hopeless to expect ever to form again, 
 and precisely what is wanted in our national collections, 
 to exhibit the manners and customs of the early con- 
 querors of our island. As a picture of Roman London, 
 this Museum is unique ; and has been collected with that 
 view. Mr. Smith devoted untiring zeal, and a large 
 amount of money, to form it; and, in addition to this, 
 gave up much time, and the long experience of ripe judg- 
 ment and scholarship, which, we may be permitted to 
 
6 
 
 observe, is one chief ingredient in the formation of snch a 
 Museum, and one that would be dearly paid for in the salary 
 of a public officer of any one of our own museums. The 
 price asked for the whole is by no means immoderate; 
 and, as the collection is so peculiarly a London one, and so 
 remarkable a monument of our early history, we trust to 
 seeing it safely deposited for ever in the capital it so ably 
 illustrates." — Art Journal, April, 1855. 
 
 8. — " But my thanks are especially due to Charles 
 Roach Smith, Esq., F.S.A., who may be said to have 
 devoted a life and a fortune to the collection and pre- 
 servation of a Museum of London Antiquities, unrivalled 
 for its curiosity and interest. The liberality of this gentle- 
 man has enabled me to enrich my pages with some 
 valuable and curious illustrations, and is a laudable 
 example to other collectors." — Preface to " Costume in 
 England 1 ' (1846), by F. W. Fairholt, F.S.A. 
 
 9. — " We now take our leave of this illustrious London 
 room. We have seen in it what could not be seen else- 
 where ; for it holds what is best of the little that ages of 
 ignorance and Vandalism have spared of Roman London." 
 — Chambers' Journal, Oct. 21, 1854. 
 
 10. — " Surely it will never be permitted that this fine 
 Museum should share the same fate as the other London 
 collections ; and that even the Trustee of the British 
 Museum, who objected to the purchase of the Faussett 
 collection, " because they were not works, of high art!" 
 would give his aid for the addition of this unique assem- 
 blage of London Antiquities to the British Museum." — 
 Norfolk Chronicle, June 24, 1854. 
 
7 
 
 11. — "In the course of the last year, an excellent article 
 appeared in the Art Journal, under the head of ' Our 
 National Antiquities? exhibiting the superior attention 
 paid, in other countries, to that of England relative to 
 the historical application of national monuments. In 
 proof of this, the writer says — ( We have 'only to set our 
 foot on foreign ground, and enter the first museum in 
 the first town we happen to light upon, to be struck with 
 the respect paid to the antiquities of the locality. This 
 holds good throughout the continent. The museum of 
 every town shows to the visitor more or less of the 
 character of its ancient inhabitants reflected in ^their 
 works. As these are classified under their various heads, 
 he proceeds at once to see and understand them. It is 
 not so with us: our museums, if worthy of the name, are 
 mere collections of odds and ends of all kinds.' The 
 same article particularly alludes to London, and to the 
 great indifference with which the relics of antiquity, found 
 there, are treated, by those who should be the first to 
 secure and preserve them to future ages. 
 
 " How far this remark may be correct, we must leave 
 for the decision of the citizens of the great Metropolis ; 
 but we do know that a most valuable Private Museum 
 of London Antiquities has been collected, by years of 
 laborious and expensive research, by Mr. Roach Smith, 
 and that he, about a year ago, published (for Subscribers 
 only) an illustrated Catalogue of the Collection, the 
 interesting contents of which amount to more than a 
 thousand Roman, Saxon, Norman, and Mediaeval articles. 
 It appears, also, by the preface to that Catalogue, that 
 during the excavations, etc., in London, from which that 
 Museum was formed, four other large collections of 
 antiquities were also formed — two of which were offered 
 
8 
 
 to the Corporation of London, and refused — and three of 
 them have since been scattered by auction sales, so that, 
 now, they are completely lost, as valuable historical 
 mementoes, to the public of London and to the nation 
 at large. 
 
 " Under those circumstances, we are glad to hear that 
 Mr. Roach Smith, who has long directed his mind to 
 Antiquarian research, and has issued forth many distin- 
 guished works, connected with that important department 
 of literature, has offered his truly valuable scientific 
 collection to the National Museum, and to the Cor- 
 poration of London, at a sum, under the cost price — ■ 
 viz., £3,000. This rare opportunity, we expect one of 
 them will readily embrace, for certainly such a collection, 
 so forcibly exhibiting a tangible illustration of the 
 characteristic peculiarities of the varied races of men, 
 who, through a long succession of ages, have inhabited 
 the British Metropolis, ought to be in the possession of a 
 public body; and, if once the opportunity so to secure 
 them be neglected, it, in all probability, may never 
 return. It will naturally be inquired — Why have not 
 the Corporation of London, or the British Museum, 
 secured the whole of the British, Roman, Saxon, Norman, 
 and Mediaeval articles, in successive years, as they were 
 discovered in London, for preservation, in a public 
 Museum ? The answer is, that public bodies seldom do 
 their duty in this respect, they being, generally, com- 
 posed of persons of a very mixed character, whose 
 personal interests are often preferred to the public good ; 
 secret and irresponsible, they too often remain for years 
 invulnerable to public opinion. The construction of the 
 British Museum management may also be faulty. In 
 the present case it is reported that some of the officers 
 
9 
 
 are advising the money of the nation to be expended on 
 Mr. Bernal's curiosities of Mediaeval times, and on a 
 collection of medals, offered to the trustees by Mr. 
 Hawkins, while Mr. Roach Smith's truly national and 
 metropolitan collections are either passed over or under- 
 valued. The antiquities of our own country should 
 certainly stand first in the National Museum. By the 
 present rule, they are placed last, or rather, are alto- 
 gether ignored by the trustees, if not by the curators 
 and officers. The offer alluded to, however, presents an 
 opportunity, which they surely will readily embrace, and 
 thereby atone for the past, and lay the foundation for 
 future valuable extensions." — York Herald, March, 2\th. 
 
 12. — "Mr. Roach Smith, now wishing to liberate 
 himself from the custody of his collection, to devote 
 himself to similar researches in a wider field, and being 
 moreover desirous that it should pass into the hands of 
 some public body powerful enough to preserve it entire 
 for scientific and antiquarian reference, has offered the 
 whole to the Trustees of the British Museum and the 
 Corporation of London, for £3000. This is a sum far 
 beneath its pecuniary worth." — Norwich Mercury 
 March 10, 1855. 
 
 13. — "There is no English antiquary, and there are 
 few Continental antiquaries of note who do not know 
 Mr. Charles Roach Smith's Museum of London Antiquities. 
 It is, indeed, one of the sights of London ; and one much 
 more accessible to the student than many of the pro- 
 fessed places, thanks to the frank kindness of its possessor. 
 The things which this Museum contains are just the 
 things in which the National Collection is disgracefully 
 
10 
 
 deficient. There is no lack, we understand, of purchasers; 
 but Mr. Smith knowing, as everybody else knows, who 
 understands anything of such matters, that either the 
 British Museum, or the City of London, ought to possess 
 the collection, has thought it his duty to give them the 
 first offer. We trust that the authorities of the Museum 
 will not repeat their recent blunder, and throw away 
 another opportunity of making, at a very small cost, a 
 very valuable addition to the national department of the 
 Nation's Museum. — The Critic, March 1, 1855. 
 
 14 — "For many years past Mr. Smith has devoted 
 himself to watching the progress of improvements, and 
 rescuing from destruction the thousands of objects inte- 
 resting to the antiquary, which the workmen have disin- 
 terred in the course of their labours. We look on Mr. 
 Smith as a great benefactor to the City of London, etc." — 
 The Atlas, June 10th. 1854. 
 
 15. — u We are entitled to hope that the offer which 
 Mr. C. Roach Smith has made, to transfer his invaluable 
 collection of antiquities, formed from excavations in sub- 
 terranean London, to the Museum, at a price which will 
 barely return to him his money outlay, will be accepted, 
 and some atonement be thereby made for the great errors 
 committed in not buying the Faussett collection,* and in 
 wasting more than eighty pounds in the purchase of the 
 Bernal print ? We repeat, Are we entitled so to hope ? 
 We confess we hardly think so ?" — Gateshead Observer, 
 March 10th } 1855. 
 
 * For a full account of the extraordinary proceedings connected 
 with its rejection by the Trustees of the British Museum, see 
 " Collectanea Antiqua," vol. iii. p. 179—192, and p. 266—269. 
 
11 
 
 16. — et Mr. Smith's museum appears to have been formed 
 at a cost of time and expense very considerable to a pri- 
 vate antiquary, though amounting to a sum (three thou- 
 sand pounds, perhaps) trifling enough to any public body. 
 We believe that the desire of its owner to prevent the 
 ultimate dispersion of its contents, has induced Mr. Smith 
 to seek a home for it, either among the possessions of the 
 London Corporation, or in the British Museum. That a 
 Museum of Antiquities should be thought desirable by 
 citizens of London, who have already a collection of relics 
 at Guildhall, and at the Mansion-house, of which they 
 would be most happy to make a clearance, is not to be 
 supposed. While Gog and Magog are supported as they 
 now are by the Mayor and Corporation, the council- 
 chamber of Guildhall contains more than enough of anti- 
 quarian possessions. That the Corporation itself should 
 be of a different opinion, and take kindly to the idea of a 
 Museum which would enter into competition with it, for 
 the public entertainment, is not readily to be supposed. 
 We were on the point of saying, public instruction, but, 
 while Mr. Roach Smith's Museum does teach something 
 of the uses of history, the Corporation regards history as 
 useless. It has made no use of its teachings, and cannot 
 wish to be thought desirous to assist in their diffusion. 
 We have little doubt, however, that the Trustees of the 
 British Museum, labouring under no such difficulty, will 
 understand that, apart from its living monuments, the 
 antiquities of London have some claim on their space, as 
 well as the antiquities of Nineveh and Egypt.* We hope, 
 
 * There is no place for the collection of British Antiquities ; that 
 department being comparatively neglected in the British Museum, 
 and wholly despised, except by Mr. Koach Smith, and some half- 
 
12 
 
 therefore, soon to hear that Mr. C. R. Smith's stores have 
 been secured as an appropriate feature of the national col- 
 lection/' — The Examiner, March 17th, 1855. 
 
 17. — "We understand that at Mr. Bernal's sale the 
 other day, three or four China (?) vases fetched about 
 .£3,000 ; and that very sum would put the nation in pos- 
 session of one of the most valuable collections that ever 
 has been, or can by any possibility be formed. Indeed, 
 such a collection could never be made again. We refer to 
 that in the Museum of Mr. Roach Smith. There cannot 
 be two opinions as to the proper depository for such a 
 national collection; and as Mr. Roach Smith has been 
 induced to consent to dispose of it for the benefit of the 
 public, without profit, and without remuneration for his 
 labours, we most earnestly hope that active measures will 
 at once be adopted for securing a collection which, if once 
 disposed of, could never be replaced." — Bedford Times, 
 March 11M, 1855. 
 
 1 8. — " Our City magnates seem hardly aware of the 
 historic value that attaches to ancient fragments of sculp- 
 ture and bronzes, and to the glass, pottery, tiles, pave- 
 ments, wall-painting, implements, utensils, personal orna- 
 ments, sandals, coins, seals, and tokens of their ancestors- 
 — Mr. Roach Smith appears to have been most enthusi- 
 astic and diligent in saving the City Antiquities. The 
 remainder of the collection consists of coins, seals, 
 pilgrims' and other signs, and a variety of miscellaneous 
 articles, all of which testify in a high degree of the 
 untiring zeal of Mr. Smith's labours, and of the depth of 
 
 dozen other gentlemen, in this semi-barbarous metropolis." — The 
 Times, April 7, 1849. 
 
13 
 
 his archaeological acumen." — Literary Gazette, Feb. 24M. 
 1855. 
 
 19. — " This invaluable collection of Roman, Saxon, and 
 Mediaeval Antiquities, better known and appreciated (we 
 suspect) upon the Continent than in England, has been 
 offered by its proprietor to the Nation. The price named 
 is £3,000. In the opinion of the most competent anti- 
 quaries of the day, Mr. Smith's offer is extremely liberal. 
 We trust, therefore, that it may be secured to the country 
 as the foundation of a Museum of National Antiquities, 
 which has hitherto been more neglected in England than 
 in any country in Europe, as the empty shelves in that 
 department of the British Museum significantly testify. 
 The acquisition of this collection would, no doubt, be 
 speedily followed by numerous smaller private donations, 
 as, we are well informed, would have been the case had 
 the Faussett Collection been purchased. But possessors of 
 British Antiquities wish, naturally enough, to see that the 
 Trustees of the British Museum are in earnest upon the 
 question." — Essex and West Suffolk Gazette, March, 
 16th, 1855. 
 
 20. — " From the knowledge which I have of the man- 
 ner in which, and the circumstances under which, this 
 collection has been got together, I have no hesitation in 
 saying, that if the British Museum had itself made the 
 collection, it would have cost it from ten to fifteen thou- 
 sand pounds, rather than three ; and, more than this, 
 that neither the British Museum, nor any individual, is 
 likely to make such a collection again." — Extract of a 
 Letter from Thomas Wright, Esq., M.A., F.S.A., Member 
 of the Institute of France, in Literary Gazette, March 3rd, 
 1855. 
 
14 
 
 21. — <f I have seen many collections both in England, 
 France, and Italy, in public and private galleries, and I 
 do not hesitate in placing the rare and unique collection 
 of Roach Smith, F.S.A., procured at great cost and nearly 
 twenty years' indefatigable labour and unceasing atten- 
 tion, among the first, if not the first, of those Roman relics 
 of science and art." — From a Letter signed "An Anti- 
 quary," in Literary Gazette, March, 3rd, 1855. 
 
 22. — Ci For some years past I have had access to this 
 Museum, and I know well its value. Even a superficial 
 examination of it gives the observer an insight into Ro- 
 man London which no books can do. I have been accus- 
 tomed to read in it the peacefulness, the prosperity, and 
 the high cultivation which the south of England enjoyed, 
 as contrasted with the north, during a great part of the 
 period of the Roman occupation. And then, what a vivid 
 impression we derive from the Saxon and English anti- 
 quities which it contains, of the falling off" that there was 
 in the elegancies and luxuries of life when our Germanic 
 forefathers gained the ascendant." — From a Letter by the 
 Rev. Dr. J. Collingwood Bruce, F.S.A., Author of "The 
 Roman Wall" in the Literary Gazette, March 3rd, 1855. 
 
 23. — " It constitutes the nucleus of a Museum of Lon- 
 don Antiquities, which, once collected, as it now is, we 
 trust will never be again scattered as others have been ; 
 but, on the contrary, be adopted by the authorities, who 
 have much to answer for already by neglecting to take 
 those measures which might have, ere this time, put them 
 in possession of a collection at least ten times as great as 
 that which they have now in their power to begin with. — 
 Meantime the citizens are deeply indebted to Mr. Smith 
 
15 
 
 for his strenuous exertions and endeavours to make up for 
 tlie shortcomings of those who ought to have left literally 
 nothing in this direction for him to perform/' — The 
 Builder, June \0th, 1854. 
 
 24. — " A question has arisen upon the money-value of 
 Mr. Roach Smith's stores, which have been estimated by 
 himself at £3,000;* and those who have known him and 
 them longest and best, give their opinion, that he has 
 fixed the estimate as nearly as possible at their cost price, 
 without taking into account his expence of time and 
 labour. It is rumoured, however, that the Trustees con- 
 sider that sum excessive,t although they have not given a 
 definite answer .% The purchase is also under the con- 
 
 * A sum lower than the valuation placed upon it by any one of 
 the seven or eight Antiquaries who were consulted : — a sum, more- 
 over, which a noble lord, who stands at the head of archaeology in 
 this country, has avowed himself willing to give any day. 
 
 t The Trustees have expressed no such opinion : neither has 
 any antiquary, as far as I am aware, affixed his name to such an 
 exception to the general feeling. Not one of the Trustees, it may 
 be observed, has been to inspect the Museum, although special 
 invitations were sent to those who could be supposed capable of 
 understanding its peculiar value. 
 
 % A definite answer has since been received, simply declining the 
 purchase. It has transpired, however, that the Trustees received 
 an estimate from Mr. Hawkins (who has never seen the collection), 
 which was below the sum proposed by me ; and on this they 
 acted in declining. When Lord Londesborough, Lord Talbot de 
 Malahide, and Sir John Boileau, kindly undertook to offer, on my 
 part, the London Antiquities to the Nation, I did not contemplate 
 the British Museum only; but I considered the collection, as a 
 means of public instruction, could be made useful in either of 
 our cities or large towns ; and Liverpool, Glasgow, York, Man- 
 chester, etc., are, perhaps, entitled to the consideration of Parlia- 
 ment quite as much as the British Museum ; especially under its 
 present constitution. 
 
16 
 
 sideration of the Guildhall Library Committee, who 
 recently sent a sub-committee to inspect and report upon 
 it. We hope that one or other of these public bodies may 
 secure its possession to the Metropolis, to which it pro- 
 perly belongs." — The Gentleman's Magazine for April, 
 1855. 
 
 25. — "Mr. Smith's collection has been offered to the 
 public on advantageous terms; its interest and great value 
 are undoubted: — were Mr. Smith but a needy adventurer, 
 his splendid collection might be distributed amongst the 
 drawers of a hundred eager connoisseurs, or even again 
 consigned to the obscurity of the river, or the sewer, from 
 which many of its choicest gems were recovered. We 
 desire herein to contribute to the movement now in pro- 
 gress for nationalising Mr. Smith's museum; and we think 
 it will be a national disgrace if this one be added to the 
 number of similar collections, formed by the taste and 
 energy of private individuals, which have been allowed to 
 become valueless by their dispersion." — The Scarborough 
 Gazette, May 31s/, 1855. 
 
 26. — "Having had great pleasure in examining the col- 
 lection, on a few occasions, we can endorse every word of 
 the following description of it : — "Every object speaks," etc. 
 (p. 2.) — The Trustees of the British Museum should not 
 let this collection escape them, as they did the Faussett 
 Collection, etc." — The Leicester Chronicle, June 2nd, 
 1855. 
 
 5, Liverpool-street, City. 
 June 2nd, 1855. 
 
<5 *f m 13 —